gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dispersive Mixing in Rubber and Plastics (1984)

Abstract Most useful plastics and rubber products are mixtures of pure polymers or copolymers with a variety of additives such as pigments, stabilizers, antioxidants, flame retardants, crosslinking agents, fillers, reinforcing agents, plasticizers, foaming agents, etc. Moreover, much attention is being placed recently on the preparation of blends of polymers, leading to products of unique properties. The distribution of additives into the polymeric matrix and the detailed topological structure of the blends depend on the nature of the mixing mechanisms, hence they are intimately related to the mixing equipment configuration and mixing operating conditions. It is convenient to distinguish between two mixing mechanisms extensive and intensive or dispersive . The former, in the very viscous polymeric systems, is achieved by and large by convection. It may either be distributive or laminar. Distributive mixing may involve an ordered or random rearrangement process. Laminar mixing is achieved by imposing on the material permanent deformation in various laminar flow patterns ( e.g. , shearing, squeezing, or elongational flows). The objective of extensive mixing is to bring about composition uniformity throughout the mixture. For extensive mixing, large strains have to be imposed upon the liquid. This requirement, however, must be complemented by the equally important requirement of distribution of interfacial elements (or solid additives) throughout the system. Initial orientation and spatial location may be critical in laminar mixing. Dispersive mixing generally involves rupture of agglomerates formed by a solid phase and separation of closely packed particles after rupture. This is followed by the distribution of the separated particles throughout the polymeric matrix, which of course, is an extensive mixing step. The most investigated dispersive mixing operation is that of carbon black into rubber. The mechanical properties of the rubber are directly affected by carbon black dispersion. In this review, dispersive mixing mechanism and equipment are reviewed. Although the emphasis is on rubber-carbon black systems, the discussion is relevant to dispersive mixing operations of other solid fillers in rubber and plastics as well as to dispersion of one liquid polymeric phase in another (homogenization) as in blending of polymers. First, mixing equipment and its hydrodynamic analysis are reviewed. Next, the chemical and physical characteristics of some of the solid additives, specifically carbon black, are discussed. The dispersion of the solid particles takes place in various deformation fields. Hence, the behavior of single particles in flow field, of doublets and swarms of particles is relevant, as well as the interaction between particle and matrix. Finally, various postulated dispersive mixing mechanisms, consequent scaleup techniques, and the quantitative characterization of the mixture are discussed in some detail.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed Tandem C—N Bond Formation for the Synthesis of Pyrroles and Heteroarylpyrroles. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Final report on PCRV thermal cylinder axial tendon failures (1976)

The post-test examination of the failed tendons from the PCRV thermal cylinder experiment has been concluded. Failures in the wires are attributed to stress-corrosion cracking. The cause of tendon failures has not been unequivocably established, but they may have been due to nitrates in the duct. The wires employed in the manufacture of the tendons will crack in less than 72 hr in a 0.2 M solution of ammonium nitrate at 70$sup 0$C. The quality of the wires is poor, and surface cracks were detected. These could have acted as concentrating sites for both stress and the deleterious contaminants. It is believed that the factors that led to the failures in the thermal cylinder experiment were unique. An improper formulation of the epoxy resin did not provide the tendon anchor plate seal that was desired; indeed, the improper formulation is responsible for the high level of nitrogen in the ducts of the failed tendons. (auth)
Thermal and X-ray measurements on n-hexatriacontane (C<sub>36</sub>H<sub>74</sub>) (2004)

The polymorphism of n-hexatriacontane (C3JI74) was investigated by X-ray diffraction and DSC thermal analysis. C3JI74 displays at least two stable monoclinic phases and a rotator phase. Starting from a solution-grown sample of very high purity the following phases are observed with increasing temperature : MOI 1 < 345K < M101 < 346K < RIII < 348K < liquid. Depending on the thermal treatment also other forms may be observed. During these transitions, both the crystalline volume and the lamellar thickness increase. The higher order reflections of the layer structure was precisely measured by X-ray diffraction. Using a Fourier synthesis, electron density profiles of the three phases were analysed. The results show that the interlamellar structure is disturbed by increasing molecular motions with elevating tempratures. For some homologous alkanes also p (T) phase diagrams and binary systems have been studied.
Asymmetric Alkyl−Alkyl Cross-Couplings of Unactivated Secondary Alkyl Electrophiles: Stereoconvergent Suzuki Reactions of Racemic Acylated Halohydrins (2010)

A method for asymmetric alkyl-alkyl Suzuki reactions of unactivated secondary alkyl electrophiles, specifically, cross-couplings of racemic acylated halohydrins with alkylborane reagents, has been developed. A range of protected bromohydrins, as well as a protected chlorohydrin and a homologated bromohydrin, are coupled in good ee by a catalyst derived from commercially available components.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Binuclear Ligands Possessing Two Discrete Multidentate N‐Heterocyclic Podand Coordination Sites and Their Bimetallic Nickel(II) Complexes. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Limitations of transoesophageal echocardiogram in acute ischaemic stroke (2020)

This work suggests an overuse of TOE and provides support for the 2018 AHA/ASA stroke guidelines, which recommend against the routine use of echocardiography in the work up of cerebrovascular accident due to a cardioembolic source.
Protein extraction and two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins in the marine mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>: an important tool for protein expression studies, food quality and safety assessment (2012)

Important protein markers for contaminant and quality assessment of shellfish food products can be analysed using 2DE.
Simulation, Control, and Evaluation of Actuated Car Doors (2010)

The simulation, control, and evaluation of actuated car doors with one or more degrees of freedom (DOF) are comprehensively described. Virtual Reality Prototyping (VRP) with haptic feedback is proposed for the efficient development and evaluation of such doors. As universal framework for the simulation of actuated mechanisms, Active Admittance Control is introduced. For the support of the haptic interaction, generic path planning, collision avoidance, and intention recognition methods are developed. On this foundation, a variety of actuated car doors is simulated and evaluated at VRP test beds. The results are directly transferred to prototypes with two DOF and one DOF. Comprehensive user studies reveal the effectiveness of the proposed support methods and the predominant appreciation of these actuated car doors.
Towards tissue engineering of meniscus substitutes: selection of cell source and culture environment (2006)

With the ultimate goal to engineer a meniscus substitute based on autologous cells, we aimed this work at identifying (i) a human cell source capable of generating fibrocartilaginous tissues and (ii) a culture environment promoting the development of bi-zonal constructs, resembling the complex structure and function of a meniscus. The post-expansion differentiation capacity of different chondrogenic cells readily available by knee arthroscopy, namely inner meniscus, fat pad, synovial membrane cells and articular chondrocytes (AC), was assessed within hyaluronan based non-woven meshes. Under our experimental conditions, only expanded AC generated tissues containing relevant amounts of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and with cell phenotypes compatible with those of the inner and outer meniscus regions. Physical conditioning of constructs generated by expanded AC was applied using mixed flasks. The hydrodynamic environment of mixed flasks was instrumental to promote the formation of bi-zonal tissues, with an inner region rich in GAG and stiffer in compression and an outer rim rich in collagen and stiffer in tension. Therefore, the use of AC cultured within porous scaffolds in mixed flasks allowed engineering of constructs resembling some aspects of the phenotype and function of meniscus tissue.
Long-Haul Analog Links Tutorial (2010)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text V. J. Urick, "Long-Haul Analog Links Tutorial," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2010), paper OML5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Chemische Reaktionstechnik. Erstes europäisches Symposium über Chemie‐Ingenieurwesen vom 7. bis 9. Mai 1957 in Amsterdam (1958)

Abstract Die chemische Reaktionstechnik (technische Reaktionsführung) hat die technische Beherrschung chemischer Umsetzungen zum Ziel und soll die Grundlagen für den Entwurf zweckmäßiger Reaktoren liefern. Die wichtigste Rolle spielen dabei Reaktionskinetik, Strömungserscheinungen sowie Stoff‐ und Wärmeaustausch, die zunächst getrennt voneinander untersucht werden müssen. Jedoch ist die Kenntnis dieser Faktoren für sich allein unzureichend. Der Verlauf chemischer Umsetzungen in technischem Maßstab läßt sich erst aus dem Zusammenhang und der Wechselwirkung der verschiedenen Einflüsse verstehen. Diese Wechselbeziehungen bildeten das Hauptthema des Symposiums über chemische Reaktionstechnik.
Effect of Flowfield Non-Uniformities on Emissions Predictions in HSDI Engines (2011)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The role of the fluid motion in a diesel engine on mixing and combustion was investigated using the CFD code Kiva-3v. The study considered pre-mixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion that is a hybrid combustion system characterized by early injection timings and high amounts of EGR dilution to delay the start and lower the temperature of combustion. The fuel oxidizer mixture is not homogeneous at the start of combustion and therefore requires further mixing for complete combustion. PCCI combustion systems are characterized by relatively high CO and UHC emissions. This work investigates attenuating CO emissions by enhancing mixing processes through non-uniform flowfield motions. The fluid motion was characterized by the amount of average angular rotation about the cylindrical axis (swirl ratio) and the amount of non-uniform motion imparted by the relative amounts of mass inducted through tangential and helical intake ports in a 0.5L HSDI diesel engine. Non-uniform fluid motion, characterized by counter-rotating vortices, was found to contribute to a decrease in the amount of pollutant formation at varying levels of swirl ratio. The attenuation of CO could be significant (~15%) but insufficient to decrease the pollutant levels to desired levels without further after-treatment.</div></div>
High Performance, Robust Control of Flexible Space Structures: MSFC Center Director's Discretionary Fund (1998)

Many spacecraft systems have ambitious objectives that place stringent requirements on control systems. Achievable performance is often limited because of difficulty of obtaining accurate models for flexible space structures. To achieve sufficiently high performance to accomplish mission objectives may require the ability to refine the control design model based on closed-loop test data and tune the controller based on the refined model. A control system design procedure is developed based on mixed H2/H(infinity) optimization to synthesize a set of controllers explicitly trading between nominal performance and robust stability. A homotopy algorithm is presented which generates a trajectory of gains that may be implemented to determine maximum achievable performance for a given model error bound. Examples show that a better balance between robustness and performance is obtained using the mixed H2/H(infinity) design method than either H2 or mu-synthesis control design. A second contribution is a new procedure for closed-loop system identification which refines parameters of a control design model in a canonical realization. Examples demonstrate convergence of the parameter estimation and improved performance realized by using the refined model for controller redesign. These developments result in an effective mechanism for achieving high-performance control of flexible space structures.
Millimeter-wave phased array antenna for high throughput two-dimensional scan cognitive radio (2013)

This research presents two novel techniques for obtaining the pattern and polarization agilities simultaneously. 35 GHz dual linearly polarized (DLP) antenna array is designed and the gain for each polarization is measured to be 18 dBi with a cross-polarization level of 20 dB between the two polarization states. 60 GHz Dual circularly polarized (DCP) antenna array is designed and the gain for each CP state is obtained as 13 dBc with a cross polarization level of 15 dB. Analog phase shifter based on the Butler matrix is used to drive each state of polarization. The designed DLP and DCP phased array systems are able to form beams in two dimensional (2-D) scan space. These millimeter-wave phased array systems with polarization agility will satisfy today's cognitive radio front-end requirements.
Treatment of Cryptosporidiosis with Spiramycin in AIDS (1987)

We describe a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial with spiramycin in a single patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and a severe secretory diarrhea caused by cryptosporidium. Spiramycin, a potentially harmful antibiotic, had no clinical or microbiological effect in this patient. The application of the single patient (N of 1) trial to common clinical problems is a simple way to analyze the value of different therapeutic approaches. The time-consuming, expensive, multi-patient trial with ultimate extrapolation to the individual patient can be avoided. Single-patient trials can influence management and improve patient care and have potentially wide use in patients with gastrointestinal disease.
New Mixed Phosphonate Esters by Transesterification of Pinacol Phosphonates and Their Use in Aldehyde and Ketone Coupling Reactions with Nonstabilized Phosphonates. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Addition of free radicals to unsaturated systems. Part VII. 1 : 1-Difluoroethylene (1954)

R. N. Haszeldine and B. R. Steele, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 923 DOI: 10.1039/JR9540000923
Inception Criteria for Entrainment of Molten Slag Droplet in an Entrained Flow Coal Gasifier(Fluids Engineering) (2009)

Experimental studies using 2t/d and 200t/d coal gasifier were carried out to investigate the inception criteria for entrainment of molten slag droplet in an entrained flow coal gasifier. It was clarified that average gas dynamic pressure P_d and liquid film Reynolds number Re_f influenced strongly the phenomenon of entrainment of molten slag. The formula of the critical gas dynamic pressure P_<dc> and the critical Weber number We_c=1.73, which could be applied to the large-scale gasifier, were obtained as inception criteria for the phenomenon. It was clearly shown that the flow pattern in the large-scale gasifier could be different from the smaller gasifier by means of numerical simulation analysis and that the critical velocity U_<gc> decreases relatively along with the scaling-up of the gasifier.
Isolated polycystic liver disease as a distinct genetic disease, unlinked to polycystic kidney disease 1 and polycystic kidney disease 2 (1996)

Polycystic liver disease (PLD) is proven to occur either sporadically or in association with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), whereas the existence of an isolated (i.e., without any kidney cyst) familial form is disputed. We describe a family with definitely isolated PLD transmitted through three generations and exclude the linkage of the disease to the genetic markers of PKD1 and PKD2, the two main loci responsible for ADPKD. These findings strongly support the existence of PLD as a genetic disease distinct from the known forms of ADPKD.
WiFi-aware as a connectivity solution for IoT pairing IoT with WiFi aware technology: Enabling new proximity based services (2016)

Internet of Things is referred to a combination of physical devices having sensors and connection capabilities enabling them to interact with each other (machine to machine) and can be controlled remotely via cloud engine. Success of an IoT device depends on the ability of systems and devices to securely sample, collect, and analyze data, and then transmit over link, protocol, or media selections based on stated requirements, all without human intervention. Among the requirements of the IoT, connectivity is paramount. It's hard to imagine that a single communication technology can address all the use cases possible in home, industry and smart cities. Along with the existing low power technologies like Zigbee, Bluetooth and 6LoWPAN, 802.11 WiFi standards are also making its way into the market with its own advantages in high range and better speed. Along with IEEE, WiFi Alliance has a new standard for the proximity applications. Neighbor Awareness Network (NAN) popularly known as WiFi Aware is that standard which enables low power discovery over WiFi and can light up many proximity based used cases. In this paper we discuss how NAN can influence the emerging IoT market as a connectivity solution for proximity assessment and contextual notifications with its benefits in some of the scenarios. When we consider WiFi the infrastructure already exists in terms of access points all around in public and smart phones or tablets come with WiFi as a default feature hence enabling NAN can be easy and if we can pair them with IoT, many innovative use cases can evolve.
Angiotensin Analogs: Effect of Prostaglandin Synthesis Inhibitor (1978)

Structurally different inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis reversed the antagonistic activity of the angiotensin II analog 1-sarcosine, 8-threonine angiotensin II. In isolated rabbit aorta, indomethacin or ETYA (eicosa 5, 8, 11, 14, tetraynoic) reversed the antagonism of the angiotensin II analog without affecting the dose response curves to angiotensin II. Both indomethacin and ETYA were able to reverse the tachyphylaxis to angiotensin II. Investigating the possibility that indomethacin could affect the binding of angiotensin II, it was found that at doses of indomethacin higher than 10(-5)M, binding of tritiated angiotensin to isolated adrenal cortical cells was reduced. It is postulated that indomethacin may have more than one effect on angiontensin, possessing a concentration-dependent effect on binding and prostaglandin synthesis.
THE COMPATIBILITY OF VARIOUS METALS AND CARBON WITH LIQUID FLUORINE (1960)

Experimental studies were made to determine the compatibility and resistance to corrosion of various metals and carbon with liquid fluorine at -320 deg F. The metals tested were various alloys of aluminum, stainless steel including high-strength steels, titanium, copper, Monel metal, nickel, and magnesium. Tests which were performed included: continuous immersion of stressed and unstressed samples in liquid fluorine for periods up to two weeks; impact ignition of titaanium and aluminum in liquid fluorine and of titanium in liquid oxygen at impact energy levels ranging from 2.6 to 65 ft-lb; intensive and extensive impact on tubes containing liquid fluorine; passivation and storage for periods up to 64 days followed by immersion in liquid fluorine; thermal shock of samples, both by liquid fluorine and in contact with liquid fluorine; flexing of metal samples immersed in liquid fluorine; tearing of metal samples while immersed in liquid fluorine; the explosibility of contaminant in liquid fluorine. It was found that the corrosion of the metals tested in pure liquid fluorine was negligible, generally amounting to less than 1 mil penetration per year. However, contamination of liquid fluorine resulted in severe corrosion. Graphitic carbon was found to be incompatible although dense amorphous carbon was affectedmore » only slightly. Titanium was found to ignite upon impact in liquid fluorine although the ignition did not propagate. No evidence was found to support the theory that a fluoride film is required to protect metals from attack by liquid fluorine. Passivation by gaseous fluorine is recommended as an extension of the cleaning procedure despite the lack of real evidence that passivation is required for materials which have been thoroughly cleaned. (auth)« less
A content-based digital image watermarking algorithm robust against JPEG compression (2011)

Watermarking (imperceptible insertion of data into the host image or soundtracks) has attracted many research interests in the recent decade. The aim of this correspondence is to introduce a none-blind, content-based method for image watermarking. It employs properties of Human Visual System (HVS) and is capable of embedding a high-energy watermark (consequently robust against lossy compressions and other kinds of attacks) while prevents perceptible degradation in the host image. To modulate the binary coded watermark on a spread- spectrum noise, the introduced algorithm is followed by spread- spectrum watermarking. The algorithm was simulated and experimental results represent magnificent improvement in watermarking capacity and accuracy of extraction.