gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wall Interference Correction with Perforated Wall Boundary Condition Provided by Solving Navier-Stokes Equations (1995)

The accuracy of wall interference calculations for high speed wind tunnels with perforated walls can be improved by utilizing an accurate wall boundary condition obtained from Navier-Stokes computations. The present research consider a hole and its vicinity both sides of the wall as typical element of the perforated wall flow field and solve Navier-Stokes eqs. within this volume to obtain the law of flow ventilating the wall, which can be represented as the local porosity of the wall area versus local flow field parameters such as pressure and velocities. The elliptic differential equation system were solved using Successive Line Over Relaxation to generate the body fitted grid on which the computations were performed. Navier-Stokes solution techniques used were implicit LU-ADI and explicit 4-step Runge-Kutta iterative methods on a finite volume regime, with both Boldwin-Lomax algebraic model and κ -e two equation turbulence models tested. Euler equations solutions were conducted to simulate flow field around the flight object in a wind tunnel test section or free air and the difference between the two showed the wall interference, comparable with large-small wind tunnel testing.
Clinical response to deoxycoformycin in chronic lymphoid neoplasms and biochemical changes in circulating malignant cells in vivo (1988)

Deoxycoformycin (DCF), an adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor, has been shown to be active in lymphoid neoplasms. The mechanism of cytotoxicity might involve accumulation of deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP), depletion of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and ATP pool, induction of double-stranded DNA strand breaks, or inhibition of S-adenosyl homocysteine hydrolase (SAH-hydrolase). We have investigated the biochemical changes in the circulating malignant cells of patients with chronic leukemia/lymphoma who were treated with DCF (4 mg/m2 weekly). Blood samples were taken from 17 patients with 60% or more circulating leukemic cells before, 4, 24, and 48 hours and five days after the first administration of DCF. Leukemic cells were separated and studied for changes in ADA, dATP, ATP, NAD, and SAH-hydrolase levels and DNA strand breaks and the data analyzed according to clinical response. Inhibition of ADA activity was found in all except one patient at 4 to 24 hours after the first administration of DCF. dATP started to accumulate at four hours, reached a maximum level between 24 and 48 hours, and returned to base values on the fifth day. Intracellular ATP and NAD levels were transiently reduced in some of the patients. However, no correlation between these changes and a clinical response could be found. DNA strand breaks could be studied in 13 patients. A significant increase in DNA breaks at 24 to 48 hours was found in six of the seven responders but only in one of the six nonresponders. At 24 hours, SAH-hydrolase levels were reduced in all seven responders studied, but only in two of the seven nonresponders. The difference in inhibition of SAH-hydrolase was statistically significant (P = .0023). These results suggest that DNA strand breaks and inhibition of SAH-hydrolase correlate with clinical response.
Motivational and Affective Factors Underlying Consumer Dropout and Transactional Success in eCommerce: An Overview (2020)

It is estimated that more than half of all online transactions are abandoned before completion. This paper investigates the psychological factors that influence online shopping behavior, with a view to improving transactional success rates. Through a review of the literature, we identify a range of factors which predict abandonment of online shopping, highlighting affective and motivational dimensions in addition to processing style and characteristics of the consumer, device, and product. We conclude that online purchasing and payment systems that boost consumers' motivation to buy and prevent or attenuate negative affective states will demonstrate the greatest rates of transactional success. However, with rapid advancement in technology, continued research is needed to fully understand the potential impact on future online purchasing behavior.
Frequency up-conversion and time-dependent tunneling of electromagnetic radiation in step-ionized plasmas*) (1994)

The frequency spectra is evaluated and the energy balance investigated for the transmitted and reflected transient electromagnetic waves that are generated when a monochromatic source drives a finite width plasma in which a step increase in density occurs. The source wave undergoes up-conversion to a frequency which depends on the initial and final plasma frequencies. When the final density is many times the plasma critical density transmission resonances result in multiple peaks in the frequency spectra. A tunneling effect is described in which a burst of energy is transmitted from the plasma immediately following the density transition.
Werkzeuge der Dialektik für die einzelnen Ebenen der Kommunikation (1996)

ZusammenfassungNachdem Sie mit den „Mitteln des Durchschauens“ gewissermaßen die allgemeinen Grundwerkzeuge des Brückenbaus kennengelernt haben, kommen wir nun zu den sieben konkreten Brücken, die in der Kommunikation von Mensch zu Mensch zu bauen sind. Sie haben unterschiedliche Gestalt, und man braucht für jede einzelne Brücke einige Spezialwerkzeuge.
Beyond the Visible—Imaging the Human Brain with Light (2003)

Optical approaches to investigate cerebral function and metabolism have long been applied in invasive studies. From the neuron cultured to the exposed cortex in the human during neurosurgical procedures, high spatial resolution can be reached and several processes such as membrane potential, cell swelling, metabolism of mitochondrial chromophores, and vascular response can be monitored, depending on the respective preparation. The authors focus on an extension of optical methods to the noninvasive application in the human. Starting with the pioneering work of Jöbsis 25 years ago, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used to investigate functional activation of the human cerebral cortex. Recently, several groups have started to use imaging systems that allow the generation of images of a larger area of the subject's head and, thereby, the production of maps of cortical oxygenation changes. Such images have a much lower spatial resolution compared with the invasively obtained optical images. The noninvasive NIRS images, however, can be obtained in undemanding set-ups that can be easily combined with other functional methods, in particular EEG. Moreover, NIRS is applicable to bedside use. The authors briefly review some of the abundant literature on intrinsic optical signals and the NIRS imaging studies of the past few years. The weaknesses and strengths of the approach are critically discussed. The authors conclude that NIRS imaging has two major advantages: it can address issues concerning neurovascular coupling in the human adult and can extend functional imaging approaches to the investigation of the diseased brain.
Venous air embolism associated with removal of central venous catheter. (1992)

Tumurs <5 cm in diameter and at the anal margin have a more favourable prognosis.
Benin : analyse de l'epargne au niveau national (2005)

This report summarizes the results of the third test of the Country-Level Savings Assessment Toolkit being developed as part of the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP)'s Savings Initiative. The purpose of the toolkit is to help government agencies, donors, and others identify opportunities and constraints to increasing poor people's access to high-quality deposit services. The methodology examines four levels of the financial system: clients, financial institutions (micro), supporting infrastructure (meso), and policy (macro). It concludes with suggestions for possible strategies to improve the quality and quantity of deposit services available to poor and low-income households. This analysis suggests nine strategies to improve small deposit mobilization in Benin, that which warrant further research and reflection: research client preference; design and actively market deposit products and delivery mechanisms; conduct consumer education campaigns; consider consolidating institutions and networks; accelerate the use of e-payment mechanisms; improve supervision methods and increase supervision capacity; consider adjusting certain provisions in the regulatory framework; and, review the proposed National Microfinance Policy.
Electronic Records Training: Suggestions for the Implementation of the CART Curriculum (1995)

Prior to its dissolution, the Committee on Automated Records and Techniques (CART) developed a curriculum for electronic records training and education as part of a National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC) grant. This article explores decisions that were made by the developers regarding whom to train and adult learning needs and speculates on possible delivery methods for the curriculum, which include on-the-job training, workshops, formal education programs, distance education, and self-directed study.
Agile development of a metamodel in Eiffel (2004)

A metamodel defines the well-formedness rules for a modelling language such as UML. We outline how an executable metamodel was designed and implemented using an agile method based on test-driven development that aimed at achieving high reliability. The test-driven approach was augmented with design-by-contract techniques to increase the likelihood of obtaining a correct, robust implementation.
Math-model based gear -shift control strategy for advanced vehicle powertrain systems. (2006)

As vehicle powertrain systems become more and more complex with the integration of advanced technologies (e.g., electronic throttle control, variable displacement), it is becoming ever so difficult to obtain an optimal gear-shift control strategy using the current practice since it is frequently based on the experience and know-how of the calibration engineers and tuned in a heuristic manner. To overcome the short comings of the current practice, a math-model based design procedure based on the dynamic programming method is developed to generate optimal control strategy for vehicle powertrain systems. This computer-based procedure can accelerate the design process and achieve guaranteed performance level. Moreover, it is re-usable and more flexible that it can be applied to various configurations of the powertrain system with more advanced components. To illustrate the design procedure in detail, the gear-shift control of a vehicle with conventional powertrain system (i.e., 4-speed AT and engine) was optimized for best fuel economy while satisfying a prescribed drivability requirement using step throttle launching maneuvers. The resulting gear-shift map achieved better drivability and fuel economy than the current production map of the target vehicle. Also, the development time for a gear-shift map was significantly reduced (days vs. months). Then, based on this procedure, simultaneous control of the throttle and the gear of a powertrain system with Electronic Throttle Control (ETC) were optimized. The resulting throttle/gear map satisfied the driver's demand (power) in a more reliable and efficient way. Also, optimal gear control strategy was investigated for powertrain systems with variable displacement technology. These case studies showed the flexibility of the design procedure where it can be used for any combination of the powertrain system. In addition, dynamic programming is used to optimize the powertrain system following a fuel economy test drive cycle. This concept can be used to evaluate the fuel efficiency of new powertrain technologies and/or various configurations of the powertrain system as a technology assessment tool. The proposed design procedure was found to be more efficient (better result in much less time) in producing an optimal gear control strategy. It also proved to be flexible and can be applied to more advanced powertrain systems with unconventional configurations, which the current practice is not able to handle.
Imposing a Networked Vibrotactile Communication System for Improvisational Suggestion (2012)

This paper describes the implementation of NeVIS , a local network system that establishes communication between individual performers, as well as between laptop and performers. Specifically, this is achieved by making use of vibrotactile feedback as a signalling tool within an improvisational setting. A discussion of the current developments regarding the use of networks within improvisation is presented, followed by an outline of the benefits of utilising the haptic feedback channel as a further sensory information pathway when performing digital music. We describe a case study of the system within the context of our computer-mediated improvisational duo Můstek, involving piano, percussion and live electronics. Here, a cueing system or framework is imposed over the improvisation and is transmitted directly to the skin of the performers via tiny vibrations. Additionally, performers may make use of simple vibrotactile signals to enhance traditional visual cues that are often employed within performance. A new work, Socks and Ammo , was created using NeVIS, and was presented at various international conferences and festivals. We also tested the system itself within a group of postgraduate researchers and composers. Qualitative evaluation of the musical outcomes as experienced both by the performers and by the listeners at these events is offered, as well as implications about the nature of collaborative music-making.
A prospective evaluation of cognitive decline in early Huntington's disease (1995)

We examined prospectively the relationship between progressive disability in Huntington's disease (HD) and concomitant alterations in neuropsychological functioning and brain imaging indices in a cohort of 60 patients who were enrolled and followed for 30 to 42 months in a controlled clinical trial. Standardized measures of functional capacity and neuropsychological performance were collected, and CT was performed, at regular intervals every 6 to 12 months. Psychomotor skills showed the most significant and consistent decline among the cognitive functions assessed. Memory disturbances were already present at the time of enrollment, but memory did not deteriorate until patients reached advanced stages. Other cognitive operations, such as visual construction and semantic knowledge, manifested small and variable changes over time. CT indices of striatal atrophy correlated only with changes in psychomotor function, while the CT index of frontal atrophy weakly predicted memory and semantic knowledge scores at 42 months. These results confirmed earlier cross-sectional findings and extended our knowledge of the evolution of cognitive dysfunction in HD.
Teaching the Spinal Cord to Walk (1998)

A flurry of recent work suggests that, with proper training, some patients with spinal cord injuries can regain at least a limited ability to walk. The idea is buttressed by a large and growing body of evidence in cats and now in humans showing that, contrary to dogma, the adult mammalian spinal cord can perform on its own, largely independent of the brain, many of the functions necessary for walking. What9s more, recent data show that neural circuits governing locomotion in the spinal cord can learn, by altering their connections. More work will be needed to confirm these encouraging, but early, results, and even supporters caution that no one knows how much improvement individual patients can expect from the treatment. Furthermore, many patients, including those whose spinal cords are completely severed and quadriplegics, will not benefit from the approach.
Site‐Specific Synthesis and In Situ Immobilization of Fluorescent Silver Nanoclusters on DNA Nanoscaffolds by Use of the Tollens Reaction (2011)

Origami embellished with silver: DNA strands with specific sequences and covalently attached sugar moieties were used for the site-specific incorporation of the sugar units on a DNA origami scaffold. This approach enabled the subsequent site-specific synthesis and in situ immobilization of fluorescent Ag clusters at predefined positions on the DNA nanoscaffold by treatment with the Tollens reagent (see picture). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Design of a CMOS token ring LAN controller, TRC, compatible with IEEE802.5 MAC protocol (1989)

Token ring has been increasing its importance among LAN (local area network) protocol as the need for deterministic response and low cost wirings continues to grow[1][2][3]. However, its complexity has caused multiple chip solutions for controllers, which are power and space consuming. Taking advantage of advanced CMOS circuits, we have newly developed a single chip high performance token ring controller(TRC). which is compatible with the IEEE802.5 standard MAC (media access control) protocol and suitable for low power equipment
Tissue material properties and computational modelling of the human tibiofemoral joint: a critical review (2018)

Understanding how structural and functional alterations of individual tissues impact on whole-joint function is challenging, particularly in humans where direct invasive experimentation is difficult. Finite element (FE) computational models produce quantitative predictions of the mechanical and physiological behaviour of multiple tissues simultaneously, thereby providing a means to study changes that occur through healthy ageing and disease such as osteoarthritis (OA). As a result, significant research investment has been placed in developing such models of the human knee. Previous work has highlighted that model predictions are highly sensitive to the various inputs used to build them, particularly the mathematical definition of material properties of biological tissues. The goal of this systematic review is two-fold. First, we provide a comprehensive summation and evaluation of existing linear elastic material property data for human tibiofemoral joint tissues, tabulating numerical values as a reference resource for future studies. Second, we review efforts to model tibiofemoral joint mechanical behaviour through FE modelling with particular focus on how studies have sourced tissue material properties. The last decade has seen a renaissance in material testing fuelled by development of a variety of new engineering techniques that allow the mechanical behaviour of both soft and hard tissues to be characterised at a spectrum of scales from nano- to bulk tissue level. As a result, there now exists an extremely broad range of published values for human tibiofemoral joint tissues. However, our systematic review highlights gaps and ambiguities that mean quantitative understanding of how tissue material properties alter with age and OA is limited. It is therefore currently challenging to construct FE models of the knee that are truly representative of a specific age or disease-state. Consequently, recent tibiofemoral joint FE models have been highly generic in terms of material properties even relying on non-human data from multiple species. We highlight this by critically evaluating current ability to quantitatively compare and model (1) young and old and (2) healthy and OA human tibiofemoral joints. We suggest that future research into both healthy and diseased knee function will benefit greatly from a subject- or cohort-specific approach in which FE models are constructed using material properties, medical imagery and loading data from cohorts with consistent demographics and/or disease states.
The Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Disrupts Innate Immunity by Downregulating Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein (2010)

Previous studies have shown that both hepatitis A virus and hepatitis C virus inhibit innate immunity by cleaving the mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein, an essential component of the virus-activated signaling pathway that activates NF-kappaB and IFN regulatory factor-3 to induce the production of type I IFN. For human hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis B s-Ag, hepatitis B e-Ag, or HBV virions have been shown to suppress TLR-induced antiviral activity with reduced IFN-beta production and subsequent induction of IFN-stimulated genes. However, HBV-mediated suppression of the RIG-I-MDA5 pathway is unknown. In this study, we found that HBV suppressed poly(deoxyadenylate-thymidylate)-activated IFN-beta production in hepatocytes. Specifically, hepatitis B virus X (HBX) interacted with MAVS and promoted the degradation of MAVS through Lys(136) ubiquitin in MAVS protein, thus preventing the induction of IFN-beta. Further analysis of clinical samples revealed that MAVS protein was downregulated in hepatocellular carcinomas of HBV origin, which correlated with increased sensitivities of primary murine hepatocytes isolated from HBX knock-in transgenic mice upon vesicular stomatitis virus infections. By establishing a link between MAVS and HBX, this study suggests that HBV can target the RIG-I signaling by HBX-mediated MAVS downregulation, thereby attenuating the antiviral response of the innate immune system.
Limitations on Space Flight due to Cosmic Radiations (1961)

These conclusions (10) may be summarized as follows: 1) Flight below the Van Allen belts seems reasonably safe without radiation shielding. 2) It is probably impractical to shield a rocket sufficiently to permit a man to remain in the inner Van Allen belt for more than about an hour, but it should be possible for him to go through it without serious harm. 3) Shielding for the outer Van Allen belt is possible but would have to be quite heavy if a stay of more than a few hours were contemplated. 4) The primary cosmic radiation is not intense enough to deliver a serious radiation dose, even for exposures of a few weeks, and the heavy cosmic ray primaries do not seem to present an unusual hazard.
Oil and Gas Exploration and Development - What Effects on Farming Operations? (1963)

Not all oil and gas explorations and test drillings are productive. So, when you consider an oil and gas lease, try to anticipate or foresee how exploration and development activities may affect your farming operations.