gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular and Higher Precision Isotopic Measurements of the Mars Atmosphere and Subsurface Volatiles (2000)

In response to the question 'what to do next' at Mars we explore the value of a high precision in situ measurement of isotopic and trace gas constituents in the atmosphere combined with a similar analysis of gas extracted from near surface rocks and soils. The scientific goals are to advance our understanding of the evolution of the Martian atmosphere and to search for fossils of past geochemical conditions. One element of this program that ties directly to the goals of the Astrobiology Program will be a sensitive search for simple or complex organic molecules contained in the atmosphere and in the solid phase. The broad chemical and isotopic analysis planned insures that a highly successful program will be carried out even if no organics are detected. We will demonstrate that the technology to carry out this Program is presently in hand.
Regioregular polythiophene nanowires and sensors (2005)

We have developed and synthesized highly conductive regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophene) (rr-PAT) derivatives for use in sensor arrays on a chip. Poly(3-alkylthiophene)s are ideally suited for this application because of their excellent electrical properties, solution processability and our ability to modify their chemical structure. Here, we synthesized rr-PATs that have different side chains and different end groups. The polymers were ink-jetted onto ChemFET devices on a chip and their chemical sensing properties were tested to a variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The sensors demonstrated ppm level sensitivity and selectivity to all VOCs tested, including both polar and non-polar compounds.
Electrostatic probe measurements in solid propellant rocket exhausts (1969)

A stagnation point electrostatic probe that can be used to measure local electrical characteristics of solid-propell ant rocket exhausts has been developed. The probe is a flat-faced insulated cylinder with the collector surface at the tip, and is water-cooled. The probe was tested in a laboratory flame and in small-scale rocket motor exhausts at the Naval Research Laboratory, and performed well both thermally and electrically. The analytical procedure for interpreting probe measurements was based on Lam's generalized continuum theory. The theory was verified in laboratory flames of known ionization levels. Positive ion and electron densities were measured in small-scale aluminized composite solid-propellant rocket motor exhausts at NRL. Tests in full-scale, sea-level rocket motor exhausts were performed, and positive ion densities in general agreement with theoretical predictions were obtained. It is concluded that local values of charged species concentrations in solid-propellant rocket motor exhausts can be obtained with a stagnation point electrostatic probe.
Effects of mechanical drawing on gas transport in an emulsion acrylic multipolymer (1986)

Abstract A study was conducted on the gas sorption and transport properties of a multiphase commercial acrylic polymer trade‐named Korad ACV before and after subjecting the polymer to mechanical drawing operations. The Korad system is an emulsion‐polymerized amorphous composite comprised of a glassy, predominantly PMMA matrix phase and a ply(butyl acrylate)‐dispersed phase surrounded by a PMMA/PBA copolymer shell. Large increases (up to eightfold) in permeability P to several gases were observed upon drawing Korad. The observed changes in the permeability to He, Ar, N 2 , and CH 4 on drawing were correlated with the draw ratio, drawing temperature, and molecular diameter of the gas penetrant. Most of the increase in permeability occurred at low draw ratios (1–2). The increases in P were most dramatic for drawing temperatures below or near the T g of the matrix phase (about 90°C) and were quite small for drawing temperatures 30°C or more above the matrix T g . The extent of the permeability increase also depended on the gas, being greatest for CH 4 and essentially imperceptible for He. The changes in permeability behavior were interpreted in terms of a morphological transformation in the phase of the drawn Korad, which causes the originally dispersed rubber particles to assume a more continuous character. The behavior of the composite was modeled by the Takayanagi and Nielson treatments of two‐phase composite systems. Volumetric, thermal, mechanical, and viscoelastic properties were measured for the as‐received and processed Korad films to elucidate physical changes in the drawn polymer.
Characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica and related species isolated from human, animal, and environmental sources (1981)

During a 4-year period, 4,448 human, animal, and environmental samples collected in New York State were tested for the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica or related species. A total of 339 isolates were identified as Yersinia and characterized according to source, species, biogroup, serogroup, and, in some instances, phage type. Four new biogroups of Y. intermedia were characterized. Of 149 human isolates, 120 (80.5%) were identified as Y. enterocolitica, and 29 were identified as either Y. intermedia (12.1%), Y. frederiksenii (5.4%), or Y. kristensenii (2.0%). Of the other 190 isolates, recovered from animals and the environment, 54 (28.4%) were Y. enterocolitica and 136 were either Y. intermedia (62.6%), Y. frederiksenii (4.7%), Y. kristensenii (3.7%), or an undescribed Yersinia species (0.5%). Two established human pathogenic strains of Y. enterocolitica were recovered: 59 isolates (37 from an outbreak) of "American strain" (serogroup O:8, biogroups Niléhn 2, Wauters 1, and Knapp and Thal 2, phage type Xz) and 11 isolates of "Canadian strain" (serogroup O:3, biogroups Niléhn 4, Wauters 4, and Knapp and Thal 1, phage types IXb). This was the first documented isolation of the Canadian strain in the United States. Isolates of other strains implicated in human disease (serogroups 0:4,33, 0:5, O:6,31, O:7,8, and O:8) were also recovered from both human and nonhuman sources.
Building block integration in Power Electronics (2010)

This paper accompanies an overview presentation at the ISIE 2010 Panel Session on “PEBB Concept in the Industrial Power Electronics Systems.” Therefore, the talk and the paper use the material that was previously presented by the author elsewhere, primarily in the invited papers at PCIM 2005, and CIPS 2008 and 2010. The presentation addresses possible directions for the improvement of power processing technology through advanced integration. The central focus is to advance the integration of electromagnetic power passives, EMI filters, control, sensing, and interconnect structures in the power converters, in addition to the integration of the power semiconductor switch assemblies. The fundamental functions in electronic power processing, the materials, processes, partitioning and integration approaches, multi-disciplinary design optimization, and future concepts are discussed.
Antigen-Specific Gene Expression Profiles of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Do Not Reflect Those of T-Lymphocyte Subsets (2004)

Advances in microarray technology have allowed for the monitoring of thousands of genes simultaneously. This technology is of particular interest to immunologists studying infectious diseases, because it provides tremendous potential for investigating host-pathogen interactions at the level of immune gene expression. To date, many studies have focused either on cell lines, where the physiological relevance is questionable, or on mixed cell populations, where the contributions of individual subpopulations are unknown. In the present study, we perform an intrasubject comparison of antigen-stimulated immune gene expression profiles between a mixed population of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the two predominant cell types found in PBMC, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. We show that the microarray profiles of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes differ from each other as well as from that of the mixed cell population. The independence of the gene expression profiles of different cell types is demonstrated with a ubiquitous antigen (Candida albicans) as well as with a disease-specific antigen (human immunodeficiency virus p24). This study has important implications for microarray studies of host immunity and underscores the importance of profiling the expression of specific cell types.
Identification of the structural and functional human homolog of the yeast ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBC9 (1996)

Ubiquitin conjugating enzymes (UBCs) are a family of proteins directly involved in ubiquitination of proteins. Ubiquitination is known to be involved in control of a variety of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, through the targeting of key regulatory proteins for degradation. The ubc9 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Scubc9) is an essential gene which is required for cell cycle progression and is involved in the degradation of S phase and M phase cyclins. We have identified a human homolog of Scubc9 (termed hubc9) using the two hybrid screen for proteins that interact with the human papillomavirus type 16 E1 replication protein. The hubc9 encoded protein shares a very high degree of amino acid sequence similarity with ScUBC9 and with the homologous hus5+ gene product of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Genetic complementation experiments in a S.cerevisiae ubc9ts mutant reveal that hUBC9 can substitute for the function of ScUBC9 required for cell cycle progression.
A Blueprint for Linking Academic Oncology and the Community (1998)

The processes by which academic medicine will train the next generation of physicians and develop new knowledge have brought to the forefront the relationship between academic medical centers and community hospitals and practitioners. Over the past thirteen years, the Harvard Medical School Joint Center for Radiation Therapy (JCRT) has developed an integrated radiation oncology program designed to serve simultaneously the needs of the community, teaching hospitals, medical schools, and faculty. The structure and function of this program are described here, as are the challenges posed by the highly competitive health care marketplace. We believe that long-term vision should guide short-term goals. The success of academic-community collaborative programs depends not only on the good will and vision of the participants but also on the medical administration, academic leadership, policy makers, and politicians who define the principles and rules by which cooperation within the health care industry occurs.
Lead-Bismuth Target Design for Transmutation Reactors (2002)

A lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) target design has been developed to drive the subcritical multiplier (SCM) of the accelerator-driven test facility (ADTF). This paper gives the target design description, the main results from the parametric studies, and the design analysis including physics, heat-transfer, hydraulics, structure, activation, and decay heat removal analyses. The design is based on a coaxial geometrical configuration to minimize the target footprint since the target is installed vertically along the SCM axis. LBE is the target material and the target coolant. Ferritic steel (HT-9 alloy) is the selected structural material based on the current database and the design analyses. A uniform proton beam is employed to perform the spallation process. The proton beam current is 8.33-mA and the current density is 40-µA/cm 2 , which requires a beam radius of 8.14-cm. The beam power is 5 MW and the proton energy is 600 MeV. The beam tube has 10-cm radius to accommodate the halo current. A hemi-spherical geometry is used for the target window, which is connected to the beam tube. The beam tube is enclosed inside two coaxial tubes to provide inlet and outlet channels for the LBE coolant. The coolant channels and the proton beam enter vertically from the top above the SCM. Several design constrains are defined and utilized for the target design process to satisfy different engineering requirements and to minimize the design development time and cost.
The chromatic dispersion estimation and compensation based on training symbols in CO-OFDM system (2010)

We present an efficient CD estimation and compensation method for CO-OFDM based on training symbol time-domain averaging (TSTA) and systematically investigate its robustness against transmission impairments such as the nonlinearity of MZ modulator, linewidth and frequency offset of laser. Numerical simulations are performed for a 112-Gb/s CO-OFDM system. Simulation results indicate that TSTA method can estimate and compensate for CD very well and only leads to 0.3 dB system penalty. Meanwhile, it merely occupies a little system resource.
Nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities in hematologic disorders of man. (1975)

A nonrandom pattern of chromosomal abnormalities occurs in bone marrow cells obtained from patients with hematologic disorders who have an abnormal karyotype involving a C group chromosome. An additional number 8 chromosome is the most common abnormality, found in more than one-half of the patients studies. An additional number 9 chromosome and the loss of all or part of a number 7 are abnormalities that occur more often than might be expected by chance. It is proposed that specific human chromosomal abnormalities may be related to different specific etiologic agents.
Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the New York State Prison System, 1990-1991 (1994)

Three epidemiologically linked multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) outbreaks in 1990-1991 involving New York State (NYS) inmates suggested MDR-TB was widespread in NYS prisons. Inmate lists were linked to 1990-1992 TB registries, medical records were reviewed, and movement histories for inmates with MDR-TB were examined within and between prisons and hospitals. In 1990-1991, 171 inmates were diagnosed with TB. This rate (156.2/100,000) was significantly higher than the 1990-1991 US rate (10.4/100,000) and the 1986 rate among NYS inmates (105.5/100,000). Of 171 cases, 155 were cultured-confirmed; 37 (32%) of 116 with drug susceptibilities determined had MDR-TB. Two other inmates with TB before 1990 were diagnosed with MDR-TB in 1990-1991. Of 39 inmates with MDR-TB, 38 (97%) were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus and 34 (87%) have died. These 39 lived in 23 of the 68 NYS prisons while potentially infectious; 12 were transferred through 20 prisons while ill with MDR-TB. Policies of correctional systems on infection control and inmate transfers need to be reevaluated to prevent spread of TB.
Live bacterial delivery systems for development of mucosal vaccines. (2000)

By expression of foreign antigens in attenuated strains derived from bacterial pathogens and in non-pathogenic commensal bacteria, recombinant vaccines are being developed that aim to stimulate mucosal immunity. Recent advances in the pathogenesis and molecular biology of these bacteria have allowed rational development of new and improved bacterial carriers and more effective gene expression systems. These advances have improved the performance and versatility of these delivery systems to induce mucosal immunity to recombinant antigens in animal models. Application of these (improved) technologies for development of human vaccines is still limited and awaits further exploration.
Synthesis and Hypolipidemic Activity of Amine‐Carboxyboranes, and Their Amides and Esters in Rodents (1991)

A series of amine carboxyboranes including their amides and esters were synthesized and shown to have potent hypolipidemic activity in rodents at 20 mg/kg/day. Ethylamine carboxyborane, di-n-propylamine-carboxyborane, trimethylamine-carbomethoxyborane, n-butylamine carbomethoxyborane, methylamine-N-ethyl carbamoylborane and trimethylamine-N-n-octyl carbamoylborane were the most potent derivatives demonstrating hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglycemic activities in rats orally at 20 mg/kg/day. These derivatives lowered tissue lipids, e.g. cholesterol, in the rat liver, small intestine and aorta. The fecal lipids were elevated. Furthermore, the agents lowered cholesterol and triglycerides in the serum VLDL and LDL fractions but caused elevations in the HDL fraction after 14 days. The agents inhibited hepatic enzymatic activities of rate limiting steps involved in lipid metabolism, e.g. ATP dependent citrate lyase, sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase and phosphatidylate phosphohydrolase.
High-throughput biological solution SAXS instrumentation for the home laboratory (2017)

Low volume samples, high throughput capabilities and easily reconfigurable instrument parameters for biological small angle x-ray scattering have previously been reserved for measurements at state-of-the-art synchrotron beamlines.
Optical absorption in commercial single mode optical fibres in a high energy physics radiation field (2007)

This paper reports on the radiation induced attenuation of light at 1310 nm and 1550 nm in 12 commercially available single mode (SM) optical fibres. The fibres samples are exposed to gamma rays from a <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">60</sup> Co source and to a high energy physics radiation field. The attenuation is studied as a function of total dose, dose rate, light power and temperature. Radiation resistant fibres from one manufacturer show an extraordinary low attenuation for light at 1310 nm that does not exceed 5 dB/km even after a total dose of 1 MGy. Some 3000 km of this type of fibre have been produced by the manufacturer and quality assurance measurements of the production batches are presently ongoing.
Theories of Communication Networks (2003)

To date, most network research contains one or more of five major problems. First, it tends to be atheoretical, ignoring the various social theories that contain network implications. Second, it explores single levels of analysis rather than the multiple levels out of which most networks are comprised. Third, network analysis has employed very little the insights from contemporary complex systems analysis and computer simulations. Foruth, it typically uses descriptive rather than inferential statistics, thus robbing it of the ability to make claims about the larger universe of networks. Finally, almost all the research is static and cross-sectional rather than dynamic. Theories of Communication Networks presents solutions to all five problems. The authors develop a multitheoretical model that relates different social science theories with different network properties. This model is multilevel, providing a network decomposition that applies the various social theories to all network levels: individuals, dyads, triples, groups, and the entire network. The book then establishes a model from the perspective of complex adaptive systems and demonstrates how to use Blanche, an agent-based network computer simulation environment, to generate and test network theories and hypotheses. It presents recent developments in network statistical analysis, the p* family, which provides a basis for valid multilevel statistical inferences regarding networks. Finally, it shows how to relate communication networks to other networks, thus providing the basis in conjunction with computer simulations to study the emergence of dynamic organizational networks.
Maximum-Likelihood Seismic Deconvolution (1983)

The purpose of this paper is to describe a broad spectrum of seismic deconvolution problems and solutions which we refer to collectively as maximum-likelihood (seismic) deconvolution (MLD). Our objective is to perform deconvolution and wavelet estimation for the case of nonminimum phase wavelets. Our approach is to exploit state-variable technology, maximum-likelihood estimation, and a sparse spike train (Bernoulli-Gaussian) model for the reflection signal. Our solution requires detection of significant reflectors, wavelet and variance identification (nonlinear optimization), and estimation of the spike density parameter.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of 5‐Amino‐Substituted 1,2,4‐Oxadiazole Derivatives via Reactions of Amidoximes with Carbodiimides. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Detection of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) in Hemolymph of Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae) with the Polymerase Chain Reaction (1993)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect Anaplasma marginale in hemolymph collected from live Dermacentor andersoni Stiles ticks. Hemolymph was collected from severed legs of male and female ticks exposed to A. marginale as either nymphs or adults. Heat treatment was found to be the optimum method of hemolymph preparation for PCR. Hemolymph samples were collected and pooled from adult ticks exposed as nymphs on days 0-10 of feeding on a susceptible calf. For male and female ticks exposed as adults, samples were collected as ticks fed 7 d on an infected calf, while being held 9 d between feedings, and during a second feeding of 10 d (or to repletion) when they transmitted the parasite. Hemolymph samples were collected from uninfected ticks at the same times to serve as controls. Anaplasma marginale DNA was amplified with primers BAP-2 (5'-GTATGGCACGTAGTCTTGGGATCA-3') and AL34S (5'-CAGCAGCAGCAAGACCTTCA-3'), which flank a 409-bp fragment of the A. marginale Florida isolate msp1 beta gene. Infected tick hemolymph was PCR-positive for A. marginale at all collection times, including unfed adults infected as nymphs and previously unexposed adults that fed on infected calves for only 1 d. The PCR-based assay of tick hemolymph proved to be a sensitive method for identification of infected ticks, potentially without killing them; it would be well suited for identification of laboratory- or field-infected ticks that could then be used for further studies. The primers used in this assay were also found specific when tested with species of 18 different genera, and universal for 7 A. marginale isolates from diverse geographical areas of the United States.
Multiuser Downlink Hybrid Analog-Digital Beamforming With Individual Sinr Constraints (2017)

This paper deals with the problem of multiuser transmit hybrid analog-digital beamforming. Precisely, we tackle the problem of transmit power minimization under minimum signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (SINR) constraints. While the all-digital beamforming solution has been extensively studied in the recent years, little is known about the hybrid analog-digital<br> optimization. This latter design is known to be a non-convex NP-hard problem as the analog part entails the optimization<br> of a quadratically constraint quadratic program with several equality constraints. In order to solve this problem, we propose an<br> alternating optimization with a successive convex approximation procedure. The conceived scheme is able to consider an arbitrary<br> sub-array connectivity matrix (i.e. localized, interleaved, fullyconnected,...).<br> Through numerical simulations it is observed that the proposed framework yields to an efficient solution in few iterations providing a substantial gain compared to current<br> heuristic approaches.
Serum gastrin levels in different stages of distal gastric carcinogenesis: Is there a role for serum gastrin in tumor growth? (2015)

An increased SG level was an independent and potent risk factor for gastric epithelial lesions. However, it does not seem to relate with distal gastric tumor growth. Serial decreases in SG levels should be considered a warning sign in index hypergastrinemic patients with no prior Helicobacter pylori eradication.