gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequential Ordering of Code Smells and Usage of Heuristic Algorithm (2015)

The process of removing the bad smell results in introduction of new smells due to dependency between the codes in the program. This process increases human effort and time. Automated tools are used for detecting the bad smells in the program. This problem is called as ripple effect and we aim in reducing and removing this effect in the program. We apply refactoring process for reducing the amount of bad smells in the code. Since there exist more number of code smells in the program, we generate a sequence in which the refactoring has to be applied by which the evolution of new bad smells is enormously decreased. The refactoring methods that have to be applied to the source code are also ordered using a heuristic algorithm. Keywords: Code Smells, Heuristic Algorithm, Refactoring, Ripple Effect
Site-directed mutations in the mitochondrially encoded subunits I and III of yeast cytochrome oxidase (2001)

Since yeast is amenable to mitochondrial transformation, designed mutations can be introduced in the mitochondrially encoded subunits of the respiratory complexes. In the present work, six mutations have been introduced by the biolistic method into yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cytochrome oxidase subunits I and III. The effects of these mutations on respiratory growth competence, cytochrome oxidase activity and optical properties were then characterized. Firstly, the conserved glutamate Glu-243 in the D-channel of subunit I was replaced by an asparagine or an aspartate residue. The effects of the mutations showed that Glu-243, which is essential for proton movement in bacterial oxidases, is also required for the activity of the eukaryotic enzyme. Secondly, four mutations associated with human disease were introduced in yeast, allowing detailed analysis of their deleterious effects on cytochrome oxidase function: Met-273 → Thr, Ile-280 → Thr and Gly-317 → Ser, affecting residues located in or near the K-channel in subunit I, and a short in-frame deletion comprising residues Phe-102 to Phe-106 in subunit III (∆F102–F106). The subunit III mutation was highly deleterious and abolished enzyme assembly. The change Gly-317 → Ser had no effect on respiratory function. However, mutations Met-273 → Thr and Ile-280 → Thr were mildly deleterious, decreased cytochrome oxidase activity and slightly perturbed the properties of the binuclear centre.
1108 – Esense 2 - Randomised Controlled 6-month Study Of As-needed Nalmefene: Subgroup Analysis Of Alcohol Dependent Patients With High Drinking Risk Level (2013)

Introduction We describe the efficacy and safety of as-needed use of nalmefene in the subgroup of patients with a high drinking risk level (DRL; men:>60g/day; women:>40g/day); i.e. a group of patients with a great unmet medical need for. Objectives To evaluate the 6 month efficacy and safety of as-needed use of nalmefene 18mg versus placebo in a subgroup of alcohol-dependent patients with high DRL from a randomised controlled trial [NCT00812461]. Methods All patients received a motivational and adherence-enhancing intervention (BRENDA) in combination with either nalmefene or placebo. Number of heavy drinking days (HDDs) and total alcohol consumption (TAC) were measured using the Timeline Follow-back method. Additionally, data on clinical improvement, liver function and safety were collected throughout the study. Results The study population consisted of 317 patients: placebo N=162; nalmefene N=155 (mean age 44.8±10.3 years; 69% men; mean HDDs: 22±6.2/month; mean TAC 111±47.9g/day). Mean number of HDDs decreased to 10 days/month and mean TAC decreased to 43g/day at month 6 in the nalmefene group. There was a superior effect of nalmefene compared to placebo in reducing the number of HDDs (-2.7 [95% CI: -5.0;-0.3];p=0.0253) and TAC -10.3 [-20.2;-0.5];p=0.0404). Improvements in clinical status and alanine amino transferase were greater in the nalmefene group compared to the placebo group (p< 0.05). Adverse events were more common with nalmefene; incidence of adverse events leading to dropout was at the placebo level. Conclusions As-needed nalmefene was efficacious in reducing alcohol consumption in patients with high risk for alcoholrelated harm.
Valuation of Cases for Settlement: Theory and Practice (1991)

Trial lawyers frequently talk about the value of their cases when they are counseling clients' negotiating with opposing counsel, or conversing with their fellow attorneys. The term "value" may have several definitions when referring to cases, but most attorneys intend it to mean the amount at which they expect a case to settle. However, despite the frequency with which they speak of value, the subject remains cloaked with a miasma of lawyer folklore.
Hollow Platinum Spheres with Nano-Channels: Synthesis and Enhanced Catalysis for Oxygen Reduction (2008)

Hollow nanostructures are a particularly interesting class of materials that have unusual chemical and physical characteristics that are determined by their shape and composition. A facile procedure for the hollow Pt nanosphere catalysts with nanochannels was developed; the catalysts can be simply prepared at room temperature with silver nanoparticles as sacrificial templates. The incomplete shell of hollow nanospheres may provide the interior surface for the catalytic reaction, and the high surface area of Pt nanospheres leads to a higher catalytic activity. Consequently, these results demonstrate a simple route to enhance the catalytic efficiency of Pt catalysts by a simple improvement.
An LCD driver with on-chip frame buffer and 3 times image compression (2007)

An LCD Driver with on-chip frame buffer and 3 times image compression codec reaching visually lossless image quality is presented. The frame buffer compression codec can encode and decode up to eight pixels in one clock cycle. Integrating a whole frame buffer with RGB=888 bits into the display driver sharply reduces power dissipated between the IO pad and PCB board at a cost of 50% IC die area increase. The existing working chip (STE2102, a ram-less LCD Driver with die size of 170mm x 12mm) is manufactured by ST Micro 0.18μm high voltage CMOS process. A new chip design with on-chip frame buffer SRAM and 3 times compression codec supporting QVGA (320x240) is completed which reduces the frame buffer SRAM density and area by a factor of ~3.0 times and cuts the power consumption of the on-chip SRAM frame buffer by ~9.0 times of which 3 times is contributed by less capacitive bit line load and another 3 times from data rate reduction from image compression. The compression codec having 25K gates in encoder and 10K in decoder accepts both YUV and RGB color formats. An on-chip color-space-conversion unit converts the decompressed YUV components with 420, 422 and 444 formats to be RGB format before driving out to be displayed. The high image quality is achieved by applying some patented proprietary compression algorithms including accurate prediction in DPCM, a Golomb-Rice like VLC coding with accurate predictive divider and an intelligent bit rate distribution control.
A method of autonomous mobile robot navigation by using fuzzy control. (1991)

It is necessary for an autonomous mobile robot (AMR) to describe schemes of monitoring the status and procedures of suitable processes.
A Tandem Enyne/Ring Closing Metathesis Approach to 4-Methylene-2-cyclohexenols: An Efficient Entry to Otteliones and Loloanolides (2011)

A short and efficient approach to a 4-methylene-2-cyclohexenone substructure present in otteliones and loloanolides is described. This strategy involves a tandem enyne/ring closing metathesis as the key reaction to construct this labile core unit.
Horizontal Gravel Packing Studies in a Full-Scale Model Wellbore (1990)

abstract Using full-scale, 45- and 100-foot models, this study shows that better methods are needed for gravel packing highly deviated (&gt;60°) and horizontal wells. Viscous carrier fluids gave incomplete annular packing, particularly around conventional screen connections. In a few tests, better results were obtained by using low-viscosity carrier fluids such as water or a newly developed, two-stage packing technique. An equation was developed that may be used to estimate pack length limits.
Rapid, direct extraction of DNA from soils for PCR analysis using polyvinylpolypyrrolidone spin columns (1996)

Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone spin columns were used to rapidly purify crude soil DNA extracts from humic materials for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The PCR detection limit for the tfdC gene, encoding chlorocatechol dioxygenase from the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degradation pathway, was 10(1)-10(2) cells/g soil in inoculated soils. The procedure could be applied to the amplification of biodegradative genes from indigenous microbial populations from a wide variety of soil types, and the entire analysis could be performed within 8 h.
Characteristics and Nutritional Value of Various Fish Protein Concentrates (1964)

Excellent quality fish protein concentrate can be prepared from a variety of raw materials. In this study, the use of whole cod, headed, eviscerated cod, cod trimmings, cod press cake and whole herring was studied as a source of raw material for the production of fish protein concentrate. The process previously described by Power for use with cod fillets was satisfactory for use with all material studied with the exception of herring. Final fat contents were between 0.018–0.056%. For use with herring a modification to the process was required to increase the efficiency of the second extraction. The second extraction, which used a 70:30 isopropanol + water mixture was changed to 99% isopropanol. With this modification a final fat content of 0.17% was achieved. The corrected Protein Efficiency Ratio values for all fish protein concentrates, with the exception of those produced from cod trimming press cake, were higher than that for casein. Lysine values, determined microbiologically were between 9.1 and 15.03% of the protein. The available lysine values were between 6.1 and 10.4% of the protein.
Library environments cultivating language and literacy learning (2015)

The Junior School library at St Aidan's Anglican Girls School in Brisbane is now five years old and was planned and built with Building the Education Revolution funds, as were many school libraries at the time. Unlike many other schools the teaching staff of the Junior School and myself, as the teacher librarian, were heavily involved in the planning process; an incredibly rewarding experience which has resulted in a library space that functions effectively for our school community that follows what Groundwater-Smith (2004) describes as an 'alive, holistic, balanced, timeless, appropriate space' for learning.
Plant developmental genetics: Integrating data from different experiments in databases (2009)

Plant developmental genetics as a scientific discipline integrates data from such different fields of biology as embryology, plant anatomy, molecular biology and genetics, and studies their interactions in the course of plant development. To date, traditional publication of scientific studies in articles is supplemented by presenting in databases the data generated by high-throughoutput methods in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and phenomics. The information burst, caused both by genome-scale research projects and growth in the number of articles, requires the development of general standards of annotating data from different sources for their integration and comparison. In this review, we present classification and analysis of existing databases, in which the user can find various data on plant developmental genetics, and discuss problems of these data integration both within informational resources and among them.
Context based genuine content recommendation system using Hadoop (2016)

In past, even though there is a lot of research work is done in the field of recommendation systems, the researchers did not target user contexts while recommending the content to the end users. Traditional recommendation systems while dealing with applications considers only users and items, and do not incorporate user context when delivering recommendations to querying end users. Contextual information can improve the quality of recommendation by overcoming the challenges in recommendation systems. Context-aware recommendation system (CARS) deals with various types of challenges in existing recommendation systems such as cold-start, sparsity, and scalability. One main challenge is to deliver genuine content to end users that need to be considered. Our work focuses on delivering the genuine content (video) recommendations based on user's context such as network type, time, location etc. The proposed work acts as a content filtering component that filters the content received from the existing system. This component can be applied to any existing recommendation system for improving its content genuinity. The work is implemented on Hadoop, an open source software for scalable, distributed computing.
Rh(I)-Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroacylation: Enantioselective Cross-Coupling of Aldehydes and Ketoamides (2014)

Under Rh(I) catalysis, α-ketoamides undergo intermolecular hydroacylation with aliphatic aldehydes. A newly designed Josiphos ligand enables access to α-acyloxyamides with high atom-economy and enantioselectivity. On the basis of mechanistic and kinetic studies, we propose a pathway in which rhodium plays a dual role in activating the aldehyde for cross-coupling. A stereochemical model is provided to rationalize the sense of enantioinduction observed.
Cross-Sensor Iris Matching using Patch-based Hybrid Dictionary Learning (2014)

Recently, more and more new iris acquisition devices appear on the market. In practical situation, it is highly possible that the iris images for training and testing are acquired by different iris image sensors. In that case, the recognition rate will decrease a lot and become much worse than the one when both sets of images are acquired by the same image sensors. Such issue is called âcross-sensor iris matchingâ. In this paper, we propose a novel iris image hallucination method using a patch-based hybrid dictionary learning scheme which is able to hallucinate iris images across different sensors. Thus, given an iris image in test stage which is acquired by a new image sensor, a corresponding iris image will be hallucinated which looks as if it is captured by the old image sensor used in training stage. By matching training images with hallucinated images, the recognition rate can be enhanced. The experimental results show that the proposed method is better than the baseline, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed image hallucination method.
SOLID-ACID ALKYLATION PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IS AT CRUCIAL STAGE (1996)

The refining industry is seeking more environmentally acceptable and econommical methods of producing reformulated gasoline (RFG). Akylate, the cleanest gasoline-blending stream produced in a refinery, is a prime blend stock for RFG production. Akylation with solid acid catalysts has potential environmental and safety advantages over conventional liquid-acid alkylation. This is especially true for the HF alkylation process.
Creating Emotions and Facial Expressions for Embodied Agents (2004)

In this thesis we consider embodied agents which are represented by an animated talking head. For such embodied agents to be believable, the minds of agents should not be restricted to model reasoning, intelligence and knowledge but also emotions and personality. Furthermore, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the agent's capacities for natural language interaction but also to its non-verbal aspects of expression.
[Effects of interleukin 21 on anti-leukemia activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes induced by dendritic cells]. (2009)

This study was aimed to explore the effects of interleukin 21 (IL-21) on the anti-leukemia activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) induced by dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. The peripheral mononuclear cells from leukemia patients in complete remission were cultured with the specific cytokines to induce the production of DCs. The DCs loaded with RNA from autologous leukemic cells as antigen, and co-cultured with autologous T lymphocytes to get leukemia specific CTL. The cytotoxic activity of CTL against autologous leukemic cells was measured by LDH release method. The concentration of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in the culture supernatant was measured by enzyme immunoassay. The effects of IL-21 on the mature DCs were also studied by the measurement of the phenotype of DC and the allogenic mixed lymphocytic reactions induced by DCs. Experiments were divided into 2 groups: test group in which IL-21 (200 ng/ml) was added in coculture of DC/CTL and control group in which no IL-21 (200 ng/ml) was added. The results showed that when cultured with IL-21, the quantity of CTL increased from (56.73 +/- 10.21)% (control group) to (73.43 +/- 18.01)% (p < 0.01); The concentration of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in the culture supernatant increased from (154.91 +/- 67.20) ng/L (control group) to (310.62 +/- 141.15) ng/L (p < 0.01) and from (8.77 +/- 5.09) microg/L (control group) to (15.25 +/- 6.56) microg/L (p < 0.01) respectively. At the effector: target ratio of 20:1, the cytotoxic activity against autologous leukemic cells by CTL increased from (50.22 +/- 5.07)% (control group) to (75.38 +/- 9.47)% (p < 0.01). IL-21 had neither effect on the phenotype (CD1a, CD83, CD86, CD80 and HLA-DR) of mature DCs nor the allogeneic mixed lymphocytic reactions induced by DCs. It is concluded that IL-21 can strengthen the proliferation of CTL, and improve the production of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, thus enhance the anti-leukemia activity of CTL. Nevertheless, there is no effect of IL-21 on the function of mature DCs. These data indicate that IL-21 has a potential clinical value in the enhancement of anti-leukemia immunotherapy.
Fine grain scheduler for shared-memory multiprocessor systems (1995)

The Tatung fine grain scheduler (TFGS), which works on machine instruction level for multiprocessor systems, is described. The object of TFGS is to minimise the total execution time of an application program that is to be executed on a shared memory multiprocessor system. An application program is compiled to generate intermediate code. This code is then represented by a data/control dependence graph, a branch nest tree and a priority list. The data dependence between operations, the pipeline effect of each processing element, and branches in the application programs are considered when TFGS does the scheduling task. The multiprocessor system is assumed to be interconnected by a shared memory. The hardware support of shared memory is designed. To process branches and loops within the application program, a status recording mechanism is proposed. The hardware has been designed and simulated. TFGS has been implemented, and some application programs have been used as the testing inputs. The results are very encouraging.
Surface stress of clean and adsorbate-covered solids (2001)

Starting with a simple introduction into the phenomenon of surface stress from a thermodynamic as well as from an atomistic viewpoint, the currently available literature on surface stress of clean and adsorbate-covered surfaces is reviewed. The equations which are used to calculate the adsorbate-induced changes of the surface stress tensor from cantilever bending experiments are derived and their limitations are discussed. It is shown for several examples that charge transfer effects have a pronounced influence on the adsorbate-induced surface stress. The linear relation between surface stress and surface charge which has been observed experimentally at the metal-electrolyte interface is rationalized in the framework of thermodynamics. The role of surface stress as a driving force for surface reconstruction and for the structural organization of surfaces on a mesoscopic scale are discussed for a few selected examples. Novel applications of surface stress effects for sensor and actuator applications are described.
Study on detection efficiency in vivo/in vitro of the special CTL responses of mice after inoculated with HBV DNA vaccine (2006)

Objective:To study the detection efficiency in vivo of special CTL response, of which the magnitudy and strengh after DNA vaccine of eukaryotic expression plasmids encoded HBV S protein was inoculated in BALB/c mice. Methods: BALB/c mice were inoculated with HBV DNA vaccine (pVAXI/S), the detection efficiency of CTL response was compared between the two methods. The target cell line of stable transfected with eukaryotic expression plasmid encoded HBV S protein and expressing the protein(named SP2/0-S) was developed, and that of stable transfection with eukaryotic expression plasmids vector pVAX1(named SP2/0-P) was for control. The animal model of CTL test in vivo was studied as a more convenient test compared with that in vivo . The different survival rate of immuned mice which were inoculated with target or control cells could be considered the reflection of CTL response in existence or not(in vivo). The LDH released assay was used in classical CTL test(in vivo). Slpeen cells of immuned mice(uninmmuned mice for control)used as effect cells. SP2/0-S and SP2/0-P cells served as target cells or control.Results: In vivo test, the immuned mice showed a significant prolonged survival length relative to that of the unimmuned mice(P0.05). In vitro test, the optimal CTL activities(36.9%) of the immuned mice were showed the E/T rate in 50/1 with a significant superior in that of the uninmmuned mice(P0.05). Conclusion: The special CTL response induced by eukaryotic expression plasmids encoded HBV S protein (S domain) in BALB/c mice could be detected both in vivo and in vivo. The CTL activities observed with LDH released assay in vivo was a briefness and comprehensible method which may be served as a estimate animal model and a supplementary to classical CTL test.
Photodegradation of secondary organic aerosol generated from limonene oxidation by ozone studied with chemical ionization mass spectrometry (2009)

Abstract. Photodegradation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) prepared by ozone-initiated oxidation of D-limonene is studied with an action spectroscopy approach, which relies on detection of volatile photoproducts with chemical ionization mass-spectrometry as a function of the UV irradiation wavelength. Efficient photodegradation is observed for a broad range of ozone and D-limonene concentrations (0.1–300 ppm) used in the preparation of SOA. The observed photoproducts are dominated by oxygenated C1-C3 compounds such as methanol, formic acid, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, and acetone. The irradiation wavelength dependence of the combined yield of the photoproducts closely tracks the absorption spectrum of the SOA material suggesting that photodegradation is not limited to the UV wavelengths. Kinetic simulations suggest that RO2+HO2/RO2 reactions represent the dominant route to photochemically active carbonyl and peroxide species in the limonene SOA material. Similar photodegradation processes are likely to occur in realistic SOA produced by OH- or O3-initiated oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds in clean air.