gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Alternative Method for Exchange Operation of Infected Arthroplasty (1979)

The use of bone cement balls in chains loaded with gentamycin (gentamycin-PMMA-ketten) as part of a two-stage exchange operation has proven to be a good method of treatment for infected arthroplasty. The procedure is illustrated by three case reports.
Preparation and properties of highly purified cytochrome p-450 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase from pulmonary microsomes of untreated rabbits. (1977)

Rabbit lung microsomal cytochrome P-450 has been purified to a specific content of 14.9 nmoles/mg of protein by n-octylamino-Sepharose 4B, hydroxylapatite, and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase was purified from the same microsomal preparation to a specific activity of 47,700 nmoles of cytochrome c reduced per minute per milligram of protein, using n-octylamino-Sepharose 4B and 29,59-ADP-agarose affinity chromatography. Both proteins were apparently homogeneous as judged from polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the respective yields of the two proteins were greater than 20% and 40%. A less highly purified and apparently distinct cytochrome P-450 fraction was also separated in lower yield in the course of purification, suggesting the presence of multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 in the lung. The major lung cytochrome P-450 fraction, when combined with lung NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and phospholipid, was active in demethylating benzphetamine; activity was also demonstrated toward the substrates benzo[a]pyrene, 7-ethoxycoumarin, cyclohexane, dimethylnitrosamine, N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene, N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene, 4-ipomeanol, 2-(N-ethylcarbamoylhydroxymethyl)furan, and diethyl p-nitrophenylphosphorothionate (parathion). The NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductases prepared from lung and liver microsomes appeared nearly identical as judged by their apparent subunit molecular weights, isoelectric focusing patterns, activities toward cytochrome c, and abilities to support benzphetamine demethylation with lung and liver cytochromes P-450. The major lung microsomal cytochrome P-450 has the same apparent subunit molecular weight (49,000) as the major form of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 (P-450LM-2) induced by phenobarbital (and differs from the other cytochromes P-450 of the liver in this regard) and reacts strongly with antibody prepared to this hepatic enzyme [but not antibody prepared to β-naphthoflavone-induced liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 (P-450LM-4)] in Ouchterlony double-diffusion analyses. These hepatic and pulmonary cytochromes are, however, distinguished by their apparent isoelectric points and specificities toward certain substrates.
Projection pursuit for high dimensional feature reduction: parallel and sequential approaches (2002)

Supervised classification techniques use labeled samples in order to train the classifier. Usually the number of such samples is limited, and as the number of bands available increases, this limitation becomes more severe, and can become dominate over the projected added value of having the additional bands available. This suggests the need for reducing the dimensionality via a preprocessing method. Such reduction should enable the estimation of feature extraction parameters to be more accurate. Using a technique referred to as projection pursuit, two parametric projection pursuit algorithms have been developed: parallel parametric projection pursuit and sequential parametric projection pursuit. In the present paper both methods are presented, and an iterative procedure of the sequential approach that mitigates the computation time problem is shown.
Fuzzy Control Systems (1993)

Foreword (L.A. Zadeh). Preface (A. Kandel and G. Langholz). General Theory: Learning Algorithms for Neuro-Fuzzy Networks (P.Y. Glorennec). Towards a Unified Theory of Intelligent Autonomous Control Systems (L.J. Kohout). Reasoning by Analogy in Fuzzy Controllers (W. Pedrycz). Information Complexity and Fuzzy Control (A. Ramer and V. Kreinovich). Alternative Structures for Knowledge Representation in Fuzzy Logic Controllers (R.R. Yager). Methodologies and Algorithms: Dynamic Analysis of Fuzzy Logic Control Structures (A. Garcia-Cerezo, A. Ollero, and J. Aracil). Intelligent Fuzzy Controller for Event-Driven, Real Time Systems and its VLSI Implementation (J. Grantner, M. Patyra, and M.S. Stachowicz). Constraint-Oriented Fuzzy Control Schemes for Cart-Pole Systems by Goal Decoupling and Genetic Algorithms (O. Katai, M. Ida, T. Sawaragi, S. Iwai, S. Kohno, and T. Kataoka). A Self Generating and Tuning Method for Fuzzy Modeling Using Interior Penalty Method and Its Application to Knowledge Acquisition of Fuzzy Controller (R. Katayama, Y. Kajitani, and Y. Nishida). Fuzzy Control of VSS Type and Its Robustness (S. Kawaji and N. Matsunaga). The Composition of Heterogeneous Control Laws (B. Kuipers and K. Astrom). Synthesis of Nonlinear Controllers Via Fuzzy Logic (R. Langari). Fuzzy Controls under Product-Sum-Gravity Methods and New Fuzzy Control Methods (M. Mizumoto). Fuzzy Modeling for Adaptive Process Control (Y. Nakamori). Fuzzy Controller with Matrix Representation (M. Nakatsuyama, J.H. Yan, and H. Kaminaga). A Self-Tuning Method of Fuzzy Reasoning by Genetic Algorithm (H. Nomura, I. Hayashi, and N. Wakami). Hybrid Neural-Fuzzy Reasoning Model with Application to Fuzzy Control (D. Park, A. Kandel, and G. Langholz). Learning Fuzzy Control Rules from Examples (S.G. Romaniuk and L.O. Hall). A Computational Approach to Fuzzy Logic Controller Design and Analysis Using Cell State Space Methods (S.M. Smith, B. Nokleby, and D.J. Comer). An Adaptive Fuzzy Control Model Based on Fuzzy Neural Networks (X. Zhang, P. Wang, Z. Shen, and X. Peng). Implementations and Applications: Human Friendly Fuzzy Transportation System (T. Iokibe and T. Kimura). Control of a Chaotic System Using Fuzzy Logic (C.L. Karr and E.J. Gentry). Applications of a Fuzzy Control Technique to Superconducting Actuators Using High-Tc Superconductors (M. Komori and T. Kitamura). A Fuzzy Logic Based Approach to Machine Tool Control Optimization (J.R.A. Lopez, E.A. Gutierrez, and L.C. Rosa). Fuzzy Management of Cache Memories (M.A. Manzoul). Fuzzy Controllers on Semi-Custom VLSI Chips (M.A. Manzoul). General Analysis of Fuzzy-Controlled Phase-Locked Loop (H.N. Teodorescu and A. Brezulianu). A Fuzzy Logic Controller for a Rigid Disk Drive (S. Yoshida). Author's Biographical Information. Index.
<italic>Consensus+Innovations</italic> Distributed Kalman Filter With Optimized Gains (2016)

In this paper, we address the distributed filtering and prediction of time-varying random fields represented by linear time-invariant (LTI) dynamical systems. The field is observed by a sparsely connected network of agents/sensors collaborating among themselves. We develop a Kalman filter type consensus + innovations distributed linear estimator of the dynamic field termed as Consensus+Innovations Kalman Filter. We analyze the convergence properties of this distributed estimator. We prove that the mean-squared error of the estimator asymptotically converges if the degree of instability of the field dynamics is within a prespecified threshold defined as tracking capacity of the estimator. The tracking capacity is a function of the local observation models and the agent communication network. We design the optimal consensus and innovation gain matrices yielding distributed estimates with minimized mean-squared error. Through numerical evaluations, we show that the distributed estimator with optimal gains converges faster and with approximately 3dB better mean-squared error performance than previous distributed estimators.
SALICON: Saliency in Context (2015)

Saliency in Context (SALICON) is an ongoing effort that aims at understanding and predicting visual attention. This paper presents a new method to collect large-scale human data during natural explorations on images. While current datasets present a rich set of images and task-specific annotations such as category labels and object segments, this work focuses on recording and logging how humans shift their attention during visual exploration. The goal is to offer new possibilities to (1) complement task-specific annotations to advance the ultimate goal in visual understanding, and (2) understand visual attention and learn saliency models, all with human attentional data at a much larger scale. We designed a mouse-contingent multi-resolutional paradigm based on neurophysiological and psychophysical studies of peripheral vision, to simulate the natural viewing behavior of humans. The new paradigm allowed using a general-purpose mouse instead of an eye tracker to record viewing behaviors, thus enabling large-scale data collection. The paradigm was validated with controlled laboratory as well as large-scale online data. We report in this paper a proof-of-concept SALICON dataset of human “free-viewing” data on 10,000 images from the Microsoft COCO (MS COCO) dataset with rich contextual information. We evaluated the use of the collected data in the context of saliency prediction, and demonstrated them a good source as ground truth for the evaluation of saliency algorithms.
Techniques for the allocation of resources under uncertainty (2007)

L’allocation de ressources est un problème omniprésent qui survient dès que\ndes ressources limitées doivent être distribuées parmi de multiples agents autonomes\n(e.g., personnes, compagnies, robots, etc). Les approches standard pour déterminer\nl’allocation optimale souffrent généralement d’une très grande complexité de calcul.\nLe but de cette thèse est de proposer des algorithmes rapides et efficaces pour\nallouer des ressources consommables et non consommables à des agents autonomes\ndont les préférences sur ces ressources sont induites par un processus stochastique.\nAfin d’y parvenir, nous avons développé de nouveaux modèles pour des problèmes de\nplanifications, basés sur le cadre des Processus Décisionnels de Markov (MDPs), où\nl’espace d’actions possibles est explicitement paramétrisés par les ressources disponibles.\nMuni de ce cadre, nous avons développé des algorithmes basés sur la programmation\ndynamique et la recherche heuristique en temps-réel afin de générer des allocations de\nressources pour des agents qui agissent dans un environnement stochastique.\nEn particulier, nous avons utilisé la propriété acyclique des créations de tâches\npour décomposer le problème d’allocation de ressources. Nous avons aussi proposé\nune stratégie de décomposition approximative, où les agents considèrent des interactions\npositives et négatives ainsi que les actions simultanées entre les agents gérants\nles ressources. Cependant, la majeure contribution de cette thèse est l’adoption de la\nrecherche heuristique en temps-réel pour l’allocation de ressources. À cet effet, nous\navons développé une approche basée sur la Q-décomposition munie de bornes strictes\nafin de diminuer drastiquement le temps de planification pour formuler une politique\noptimale. Ces bornes strictes nous ont permis d’élaguer l’espace d’actions pour les\nagents.\nNous montrons analytiquement et empiriquement que les approches proposées\nmènent à des diminutions de la complexité de calcul par rapport à des approches\nde planification standard. Finalement, nous avons testé la recherche heuristique en\ntemps-réel dans le simulateur SADM, un simulateur d’allocation de ressource pour une\nfrégate.
An Unusual Granular Cell Tumour of the Buttock and a Review of Granular Cell Tumours (2013)

Granular cell tumours, first described by Abrikossoff in 1926, are known to occur in skin, connective tissue, breast, gastrointestinal and genital tracts. While they are rare, they are more common in people of African descent and show a slight female preponderance, usually presenting as solitary and painless masses. Less than 10% of occurrences are multiple, and fewer than 3% of tumours behave in a malignant fashion. The mean age, at presentation, is 40-60 years. We report a case of granular cell tumour in a young white male presenting with a painful soft tissue tumour in his buttock. The presentation is unusual because of the age, patient demographic, body site, and clinical presentation. The clinical and histological aspects are reviewed in the context of this clinical case and the associated literature.
The projected health care burden of Type 2 diabetes in the UK from 2000 to 2060 (2002)

In the next 30 years Type 2 diabetes will present a serious clinical and financial challenge to the UK NHS.
Item Selection Using an Average Growth Approximation of Target Information Functions (1992)

The derivations of several item selection algorithms for use in fitting test items to target information functions (IFS) are described. These algorithms circumvent iterative solutions by using the criteria of moving averages of the distance to a target IF and by simultaneously considering an entire range of ability points used to condition the IFS. The algorithms were tested by generating six forms of an ACT math test, each fit to an existing target test, including content-designated item sub sets. The results indicate that the algorithms pro vided reliable fit to the target in terms of item parameters, test information functions, and expected score distributions.
The False Nationalism of Anzac Day and Football (2009)

Asking what it means to have football played on Anzac Day is almost as risky as wondering why the Digger has become the most powerful expression of Australian identity. The privileging of both football and the Digger as positive statements of what it means to be Australian involves an incredible amount of forgetting on a day supposedly set aside for remembrance. It is suggested that Anzac Day is not a festival of nationhood and the football match held on Anzac Day risks letting this day become a celebration.
FDB: a high-performance fault-tolerant switching fabric for ATM switching systems (2002)

The authors propose a unified scheme to enhance both the fault-tolerance and the performance of the delta network for asynchronous-transfer-mode (ATM) switching systems. In this scheme, the number of the input/output links in each switching element (SE) is doubled, compared to that used in the delta network, to widen the path between two stages. Buffer modules are also added to the SEs to serve as a reservoir to store the conflicting packets which would be lost otherwise. With the link placement algorithm introduced, the resulting fault-tolerant double-link buffered (FDB) network not only preserves the self-routing property of the delta network, but also is 1-fault tolerant. Since packets will not be lost within the network and the routing path is uniquely set, regardless of the existence of a faulty SE/link, the order of the packets is preserved. The addition of the buffer modules and links is shown to be an effective way to increase the throughput of the network. The FDB network is highly modular, with high performance. In addition, the order of packets is preserved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multilevel transport solution of LWR reactor cores (2008)

This work presents a multilevel approach for the solution of the transport equation in typical LWR assemblies and core configurations. It is based on the second-order, even-parity formulation of the transport equation, which is solved within the framework provided by the finite element-spherical harmonics code EVENT. The performance of the new solver has been compared with that of the standard conjugate gradient solver for diffusion and transport problems on structured and unstruc-tured grids. Numerical results demonstrate the potential of the multilevel scheme for realistic reactor calculations.
Robust shape tracking in the presence of cluttered background (2002)

Kalman filtering has been extensively used in object tracking. However, the tracker performance is severely affected in the presence of multiple objects and cluttered background. The reason is simple. Feature detection produces many outliers and the Kalman filter is not able to discriminate valid data from the clutter. This paper overcome this difficulty and describes a robust algorithm for object tracking denoted as S-PDAF (shape-probabilistic data association filter). Experimental tests show that significant robustness improvement is achieved by the S-PDAF algorithm.
Profiling early outcomes during the transition from hospital to home after brain injury (2009)

Collectively, the results highlight the critical nature of the transition phase for psychosocial reintegration and emotional adjustment and support the need for holistic approaches to transition-specific interventions.
The gene expressions of nestin and stem cell factor in neurons after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats (2004)

Nestin expressio in cortex, striatum and extraventricular zone was weak in the sham-operation group, and increased markedly in the ischemic hemisphere compared with sham-operation group except of reperfusion 2h in cortex, 2h, 6h in striatum, 2h, 6h and 14d in extraventricular zone. SCF expression in cortex, striatum and extraventricular zone was weak in the sham-operation group, and increased markedly in the ischemic hemisphere compared with sham-operation group except of reperfusion 2h, 6h, 12h in cortex, 2h, 6h in striatum, 2h and 14d in extraventricular zone. it is suggested that SCF expression might enhance the proliferation of neural stem cells following ischemia-reperfusion in rats.
Macrophages and Stromal Cells Phagocytose Apoptotic Bone Marrow-Derived B Lineage Cells (2004)

It has been hypothesized that B cell precursors that undergo programmed cell death due to nonproductive Ig gene rearrangements are cleared from the bone marrow by macrophages. However, a role for macrophages in this process is supported only by micrographs showing their association with apoptotic-appearing, B lineage cells. Functional data demonstrating phagocytosis of apoptotic, bone marrow lymphocytes by macrophages have not been presented, nor have receptors potentially involved in that process been identified. The data in this report demonstrate that macrophages isolated from murine bone marrow efficiently phagocytose apoptotic murine B lineage cells using multiple receptors that include CD14, integrins, class A scavenger receptor, and CD31 (PECAM-1). In addition, the results further reveal a new role for the hemopoietic microenvironment in B cell development in view of data demonstrating that murine bone marrow stromal cells are also capable of clearing apoptotic cells via an integrin-dependent mechanism.
Improving Specificity in PDMs using a Hierarchical Approach. (1997)

The Point Distribution Model (PDM) has proved useful for many tasks involving the location and tracking of deformable objects. A principal limitation is non-specificity; in constructing a model to include all valid object shapes, the inclusion of some invalid shapes is unavoidable due to the linear nature of the approach. Bregler and Omohundro [2] describe a `piecewise linear&apos; method for applying constraints within model shape space, whereby principal component analysis is used on training data clusters in shape space to generate lower dimensional overlapping subspaces. Object shapes are constrained to lie within the union of these subspaces, thus improving the specificity of the model. This is an important development in itself, but its most useful quality is that it lends itself to automated training. Manual annotation of training examples has previously been necessary to ensure good specificity in PDMs, requiring expertise and time, and thus limiting the amount of training data that can feasibly be collected. The use of shape space constraints means that such accurate annotation is unnecessary, and automated training becomes significantly more successful. In this paper we expand on Bregler and Omohundro&apos;s work, suggesting an alternative representation for the linear pieces, and showing how atwo-level hierarchy in shape space can be used to improve efficiency and reduce noise. We perform an evaluation on both synthetic and (automatically trained) real models.
Effects of impurities on the lattice parameters of GaN (2003)

The effects on the lattice parameters due to incorporation of impurities in GaN are evaluated using first-principles pseudopotential-density-functional calculations. Both the size effect, due to the relaxation of host atoms around the impurity, and the deformation-potential effect, due to placing free carriers in the conduction or valence band, are investigated. The incorporation of silicon and beryllium causes contraction of the lattice, while oxygen and magnesium cause expansion. Consequences for experimental observations are discussed; in particular, the presence of impurities in bulk crystals that are used as standards for the lattice parameters of GaN can have a sizable effect on the measured values.
The effects of exogenous growth factors on matrix metalloproteinase secretion by human brain tumour cells (2000)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a growing family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that are capable of degrading various components of the extracellular matrix. These enzymes have been implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions including embryogenesis and tumour invasion. The synthesis of many MMPs is thought to be regulated by growth factors, cytokines and hormones. In this study, we investigated the effects of five exogenous growth factors known to be expressed by gliomas [epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta1,2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)].on MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in an ependymoma, two grade III astrocytomas, a grade III oligoastrocytoma and a benign meningioma. Zymogram analysis revealed that the effects of the growth factors depended upon the cell lines used in the study. Growth factors generally up-regulated MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in the gliomas but were least effective in the meningioma; the effect being most prominent with TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 in all the cell lines. It is hypothesized that paracrine growth factor interplay may be crucial in the regulation of MMP expression by glioma invasion of the normal brain.
Legal Reform in China: A Role for Nongovernmental Organizations (2000)

This Article argues for an expanded role for domestic nongovernmental organizations (VGOs) in reforming the legal system of the People's Republic of China. It presents case studies of eight Chinese NGOs to illustrate ways in which nongovernmental efforts can complement official efforts to create a stable, effective legal regime. In particular, it identifies five goals for legal reform and then examines the contributions the profiled NGOs have made toward these goals. This Article also examines the legal, political, and economic difficulties encountered by Chinese NGOs and discusses the parameters of NGO activity in a country where the government seeks to channel private initiative into support for state policies.
Olanzapine Plasma Concentration, Average Daily Dose, and Interaction with Co-Medication in Schizophrenic Patients (2004)

The relevance of therapeutic drug monitoring is emphasized with respect to the data presented and to the literature. Future studies should examine, in particular, the effects of a wider range of co-medications in a larger patient sample.
Relevance of Urine Telomerase in the Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer (2005)

The present validation study demonstrated the ability of urine telomerase activity levels to accurately detect the presence of bladder tumors in men. This test represents a potentially useful noninvasive diagnostic innovation for bladder cancer detection in high-risk groups such as habitual smokers or in symptomatic patients.