gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LIPID PEROXIDATION RATES OF DPPC LIPOSOMES CONTAINING DIFFERENT AMOUNTS OF OXIDABLE LIPIDS SHOW OPPOSITE DEPENDENCE WITH THE TEMPERATURE (2006)

The effect of temperature on the oxidation rates of arachidonic acid and linoleic acid incorporated into dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes have been investigated. The reaction was started by the photolysis of 2,2'-azobis (2-amidino propane) in order to minimize the dependence of the initiation rate with temperature. Both positive and negative activation energies were obtained for the rate of the oxidation, depending on the amount of oxidable lipid (20% or 50% mol:mol) and the temperature range considered. Changes in the rigidity of the liposomes elicited by temperature were assessed by measuring the generalized polarization of 6-dodecanoyl-2 (dimethylamino naphthalene), Laurdan. The high increase in rate observed at low temperatures employing lipid mixtures that render liposomes in the gel phase is attributed to a reduced rate constant of the termination step of the oxidation chain
Estimating uncertainty in deep learning for reporting confidence to clinicians in medical image segmentation and diseases detection (2020)

Abstract Deep learning (DL), which involves powerful black box predictors, has achieved a remarkable performance in medical image analysis, such as segmentation and classification for diagnosis. However, in spite of these successes, these methods focus exclusively on improving the accuracy of point predictions without assessing the quality of their outputs. Knowing how much confidence there is in a prediction is essential for gaining clinicians' trust in the technology. In this article, we propose an uncertainty estimation framework, called MC‐DropWeights, to approximate Bayesian inference in DL by imposing a Bernoulli distribution on the incoming or outgoing weights of the model, including neurones. We demonstrate that by decomposing predictive probabilities into two main types of uncertainty, aleatoric and epistemic, using the Bayesian Residual U‐Net (BRUNet) in image segmentation. Approximation methods in Bayesian DL suffer from the “mode collapse” phenomenon in variational inference. To address this problem, we propose a model which Ensembles of Monte‐Carlo DropWeights by varying the DropWeights rate. In segmentation, we introduce a predictive uncertainty estimator, which takes the mean of the standard deviations of the class probabilities associated with every class. However, in classification, we need an alternative approach since the predictive probabilities from a forward pass through the model does not capture uncertainty. The entropy of the predictive distribution is a measure of uncertainty, but its exponential depends on sample size. The plug‐in estimate in mutual information is subject to sampling bias. We propose Jackknife resampling, to correct for sample bias, which improves estimating uncertainty quality in image classification. We demonstrate that our deep ensemble MC‐DropWeights method, using the bias‐corrected estimator produces an equally good or better result in both quantified uncertainty estimation and quality of uncertainty estimates than approximate Bayesian neural networks in practice.
Facile synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbons from F108/resorcinol–formaldehyde composites obtained in basic media (2007)

Highly ordered mesoporous carbon with cubic Im3m symmetry has been synthesized successfully via a direct carbonization of self-assembled F108 (EO(132)PO(50)EO(132)) and resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) composites obtained in a basic medium of nonaqueous solution.
A single-chip 2.4 GHz direct-conversion CMOS receiver for wireless local loop using one-third frequency local oscillator (2002)

A single-chip direct-conversion CMOS receiver for 2.4 GHz wide-band CDMA for wireless local loop (WLL) is described. The chip includes an LNA, a 12-phase down converter, a variable gain amplifier, a gm-C channel selection filter, a programmable PLL for 7 channel frequencies, and a 4-bit flash ADC. The proposed 12-phase down conversion scheme combined with a multi-phase sampling fractional-N prescaler, a cascaded DC-offset canceler and distributed AGC loops offers solutions to the problems of a direct conversion receiver. Experimental results show -115 dBm, sensitivity, 4.4 dB noise figure, and 95 dB dynamic range.
Fra dødelig syndrom til kronisk sykdom (2007)

English summary HIV/AIDS – From lethal syndrome to chronic disease with a good prognosis? Disease progression in HIV-patients at Ullevål University Hospital 1982 – 2005 102 – 6. Background. At its discovery in 1981, AIDS was a fatal syndrome that rapidly led to death Combination treatment with at least three medicines has radically improved the prognosis. Material and methods. The study comprises all HIV-patients controlled at the Department of Infectious Diseases, Ullevål University Hospital from 1982 to 2005. Development of immune deficiency, morbidity and causes of death were registered prospectively. Possible connections between death and HIV-infection and treatment were evaluated. Results. 1632 patients were followed at our department. 32 % of these patients have died. The number of patients who died annually during the 5 years from 1991 to 1995 was 35 % and this was reduced to 8 % in 2001 – 05. Many patients still die because they either present too late for treatment or have received insufficient treatment. 22 patients have died during the last 10 years irrespective of starting treatment with at least 3 antiretroviral drugs: 7 died from non-AIDS defining cancers, 6 from treatment failure and 2 from non-HIV related causes. The 6 patients who died from treatment failure had very low CD4 counts and serious opportunistic infections that could not be treated effectively at the time of diagnosis. Interpretation. Patients who start and adhere to treatment with 3 HIV-medications have a good prognosis, but they may still have an increased risk of non-AIDS defining cancers and cardiovascular disease. HIV/AIDS has become a chronic disease with a good prognosis.
Clinical applications of the interferons. (1997)

History of the development of interferons - from test-tube to patient, Tione Pieters mechanisms of action - biological basis, Ferdinando Dianzani, Guido Antonelli mechanisms of action of the inetrferons - genetic and biochemical aspects, Sidney Pestka interferon in chronic vital hepatitus, Janice Main, Howard C. Thomas the role of interferons in the treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma and HIV infection, Ronald T. Mitsuyasu papillomatosis and condylomata acuminata, Ian H. Frazer, Nigel McMillan interferon in the treatment of myeloproliferative disorders, Jorge Cortes, Moshe Talpaz multiple myeloma, F. Mandelli, M.T. Petrucci, G. Avviisati interferon in the treament of essential thrombocythaemia, Mario Lazzarino interferon treatment in nonHodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease, Betrand Coiffier interferon in gastointestinal tumours - carcinoid tumours the genetics of colorectal cancer and the role of interferons - towards a rational approach to therapeutic design, Scott Wadler, Edward L. Schwartz melanoma and basl cell carcinoma, P. hershey ovarian cancer, J.A Bridgewater, M.E Gore interferon in urological tumours - bladder cancer Phillip Ruiz, Azorides Morales interferon in urological tumours - renal carcinoma, Robert A. Figlin, Barbara J. Gitlitz mesothelioma, J.A. Davidson, B.W.S. Robinson interferon alpha in combination with other biological agents, John M. Wallmark, Steven E. Benner, Antonio C. Buzaid, Scott M. lipman antiangiogenic therapy of hemangiomas with interferon-alpha Judah Folkman, John B. Mulliken, R. Alan, B. Ezekowitz interferon in non-malignant diseases - scleroderma, keloid, fibrosis, James Wiliiamson, Ron Penny treatments of multiple sclerosis with interferon, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Richard Rudick interferon gamma in nonmalignant disease, Benjamin A. Kruskal, R. Alan, B. ezekowitz interferon-gamma in malignant diseases, Margaret von Mehren, Louis A. Weiner toxicities of interferons, Hans Strander the clinical application of interferons - nursing and pharmacy aspects of interferon therapy, Suzanne Cromie, Ingrid Sand the economic aspects of interferon, Alan Shiell, Glenn Salkeld systematic administration of interferons for inhibition of cancer metastasis, Rakesh K. Singh, Isiah J. Fidler.
<i>O</i>-Acetylation status of the capsular polysaccharides of serogroup Y and W135 meningococci isolated in the UK (2002)

At a time when tetravalent conjugate vaccines for meningococcal serogroups A/C/Y/W135 are being formulated the O-acetylation status of their respective capsular polysaccharides has not previously been studied in the UK for all components. Although this has been elucidated for serogroup C, little is known about the O-acetylation status of serogroups W135 and Y. Meningococcal serogroup W135 (n=181) and Y (n=90) isolates submitted to the PHLS Meningococcal Reference Unit in 1996, 2000 and 2001 were investigated for O-acetylation capsular status by dot blot assay. Eight per cent of W135 and 79% of Y isolates respectively were found to be O-acetylated with a similar distribution found in both carrier and case isolates. An increase in O-acetylated W135 isolates was noted between 2000 (0%) and 2001 (21%) which was not due to the introduction of the Hajj associated W135 (ET 37 complex; serosubtype P1.5,2) isolates, all of which were de-O-acetylated. Although the biological relevance of O-acetylation status is unknown for these serogroups, an understanding of O-acetylation status of the respective polysaccharides may provide useful insights into the optimal vaccine formulation.
Likelihood-mapping: A simple method to visualize phylogenetic content of a sequence alignment (1997)

We introduce a graphical method, likelihood-mapping, to visualize the phylogenetic content of a set of aligned sequences. The method is based on an analysis of the maximum likelihoods for the three fully resolved tree topologies that can be computed for four sequences. The three likelihoods are represented as one point inside an equilateral triangle. The triangle is partitioned in different regions. One region represents star-like evolution, three regions represent a well-resolved phylogeny, and three regions reflect the situation where it is difficult to distinguish between two of the three trees. The location of the likelihoods in the triangle defines the mode of sequence evolution. If n sequences are analyzed, then the likelihoods for each subset of four sequences are mapped onto the triangle. The resulting distribution of points shows whether the data are suitable for a phylogenetic reconstruction or not.
Technology for humanitarian landmine clearance (2000)

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN044220 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply Centre
Conjoint Analysis Reliability: Empirical Findings (1988)

This paper looks at the comparative reliability of different methodological variants of the conjoint analysis procedure. It differs from previous studies in that it looks at three methods of data collection (Full Profile, Trade-off Matrices, and Paired Comparison) and two levels of a key attribute (price) across five different product categories. In addition it tests these manipulations using two different reliability assessment procedures. The results show that most manipulations have a significant effect on the reliability scores and many interaction terms are significant.
Parental Communication and Feelings of Affiliation in Adolescent Aggressors and Victims of Cyberbullying (2018)

Cyberbullying is an increasingly frequent problem among adolescents, and it produces considerable social concern. Using a cross-sectional and quantitative methodology, the main objective of this study was to analyze the differences among students involved in the perpetration and victimization of cyberbullying (non-involved, occasional, and severe), in their parental communication, and feelings of affiliation with classmates. The sample consisted of 849 adolescents (51.7% boys and 48.3% girls) from 12 to 18 years old (M = 14.5; SD = 1.62). Three comparison groups of aggressors and victims of cyberbullying were formed, depending on the intensity of the intimidation: non-involved, occasional, and severe. The results of the analysis of variance indicated that adolescents involved in cyberbullying as perpetrators or victims have less open and more avoidant communication with their parents than adolescents who are not involved in cyberbullying. Additionally, victims of cyberbullying perceive lower feelings of affiliation with their classmates, whereas cyberbullies show no differences between the groups on this variable. These new results provide insight into the important role of family and peers in the prevention and eradication of the growing problem of cyberbullying.
Microalgae lipid research, past, present: A critical review for biodiesel production, in the future (2011)

Biodiesel has received much attention in recent years. The motivation for renewable fuel is not just energy independence but also mitigation of global climate disruption, which has been called â€œthe deficiency challenge of our eraâ€ Energy, is essential and vital for development, and the global economy literally runs on energy. Although numerous reports are available on the production of biodiesel from vegetable oils of terrestrial oil-plants, such as soybean, sunflower and palm oils the use of fossil fuels as energy now widely accepted as unsustainable due to depleting resources Â  and also due to the accumulation of green house gases in the environment. Biodiesel demand is constantly increasing as the reservoir of fossil fuel are depleting. Unfortunately biodiesel production from oil crop, waste cooking oil and animal fats are not able to replace fossil fuel. The viability of the first generation biofuel production is however questionable because of the conflict with food supply. The manuscript is an attempt to review the potential of microalgae in lipid production and provides a brief summary of genes which enhances the lipid synthesis and biomass productivity of different species of micro algae.
Isosteres of chiral clofibric acid analogs: synthesis, resolution, absolute configuration and HPLC detection of the optical purity. (1998)

Both racemic and enantiomeric forms of some isosteres of chiral clofibric acid analogs have been synthesized. Also, the absolute configuration has been established by chemical correlation and the optical purity determined by a simple HPLC procedure. Moreover, these studies show that the isosteric substitution of the ether oxygen atom of alpha-aryloxy-alkanoic acids with sulfur, amino and methylene groups lead to compounds in which both biological activity and stereoselectivity regarding chloride channel are highly reduced.
Recent advances in measurement of amylase activity--a comparative study. (1980)

We evaluated four kinetic amylase procedures with respect to kinetics, analytical range, blank rates, reagent stability, reagent impurities, interfering substances, and intrinsic sensitivities. Each of the methods is shown to have its own unique advantages and disadvantages. A preliminary discussion of some alternative methods, in which glycosidic p-nitrophenyl alpha-oligosaccharides are substrates, is included.
An Investigation into the Online Generative Capability of Chinese Digital Immigrants (2013)

In the Web 2.0 era, a variety of social media have begun to penetrate Chinese digital immigrants’ lives, and user-generated content (UGC) is now a popular mode for creating and generating online information resources. According to China Internet Network Information Centre (CNNIC) reports, many digital immigrants actively participate in blogging, video sharing, online rating, social tagging, and micro blogging, etc. However, some may be more skilled in producing and generating online contents and have higher generative capabilities while others still meet some barriers in doing so. Thus, it is interesting to investigate the online generative capability of Chinese digital immigrants in Web 2.0 context. In this research-in-progress article, we present an exploratory study on online generative capability of Chinese digital immigrants in Shanghai local communities by a semistructured interview. The aim of this paper is to propose an integrated conceptual framework of online generative capability and identify the related issues about the UGC adoption and generating behaviour by the Chinese digital immigrants, who constitutes a large group of Internet users and has a significant growth tendency. The potential findings may yield some suggestions and practical implications for the designer, manager, and information service staff from different perspectives to facilitate the Chinese digital immigrant’s online generative capability, and further narrow the digital divide and alleviate the information inequality in China.
The Effect of Hematocrit on Assay Bias When Using DBS Samples for The Quantitative Bioanalysis of Drugs (2010)

If it is expected that the hematocrit of study samples will vary from values considered normal, then its effect on the quantitative determination of an analyte in DBS samples should be investigated as part of the method development and validation. If an unacceptable effect is observed, then this will need to be addressed, by modification of the analytical method, or the inclusion of quality control samples at different hematocrit levels to show control of the assay.
Responses to Violence: Peaceful Resistance in Palestine (2004)

SFU graduate Melissa Mullan’s article is a powerful follow-up to Terry Gibbs’ article, “Opinion Peace,” in the 2003 issue of  Humanitas (pp. 39-40). In that article, Terry Gibbs described her work with CEPAL (the Canadian-Palestinian Educational Exchange), and her experience working with refugee camps in Beirut. It also connects strongly with Marc H. Ellis’s “A Revolutionary Coincidence” (p. 37 in the same issue), his reflections on the present situation in Israel and Palestine.
Genetic essential tremor in γ-aminobutyric acidA receptor α1 subunit knockout mice (2005)

Essential tremor is the most common movement disorder and has an unknown etiology. Here we report that gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABA(A)) receptor alpha1-/- mice exhibit postural and kinetic tremor and motor incoordination that is characteristic of essential tremor disease. We tested mice with essential-like tremor using current drug therapies that alleviate symptoms in essential tremor patients (primidone, propranolol, and gabapentin) and several candidates hypothesized to reduce tremor, including ethanol; the noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801; the adenosine A1 receptor agonist 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA); the GABA(A) receptor modulators diazepam, allopregnanolone, and Ro15-4513; and the L-type Ca2+ channel antagonist nitrendipine. Primidone, propranolol, and gabapentin reduced the amplitude (power) of the pathologic tremor. Nonsedative doses of ethanol eliminated tremor in mice. Diazepam, allopregnanolone, Ro15-4513, and nitrendipine had no effect or enhanced tremor, whereas MK-801 and CCPA reduced tremor. To understand the etiology of tremor in these mice, we studied the electrophysiological properties of cerebellar Purkinje cells. Cerebellar Purkinje cells in GABA(A) receptor alpha1-/- mice exhibited a profound loss of all responses to synaptic or exogenous GABA, but no differences in abundance, gross morphology, or spontaneous synaptic activity were observed. This genetic animal model elucidates a mechanism of GABAergic dysfunction in the major motor pathway and potential targets for pharmacotherapy of essential tremor.
Induction of antitumor immunity using dendritic cells electroporated with Polo‐like kinase 1 (Plk1) mRNA in murine tumor models (2011)

Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), a serine-threonine kinase, plays a key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. Elevated Plk1 expression in various cancers is correlated with poor prognosis and poor patient survival rates. Several Plk1 inhibitors are currently being developed as potential treatments for cancer. In the present study, we investigated whether dendritic cells (DC) electroporated with mouse Plk1RNA (mPlk1RNA/DC) can induce Plk1-specific immune responses and exert antitumor effects in various murine tumor models. Overexpression of Plk1 protein was confirmed in several mouse and human tumor cell lines and various cancer tissues. Furthermore, Plk1-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were induced by vaccination with mPlk1RNA/DC and the cytotoxic activity of the T cells was demonstrated against several Plk1-expressing tumor cell lines. Vaccination with mPlk1RNA/DC inhibited the growth of MC-38 and B16F10 tumors in C57BL/6 mice and the growth of CT26 tumors in BALB/c mice. Depletion of CD8(+) T cells reversed the inhibition of tumor growth by mPlk1RNA/DC vaccination. Homologous human Plk1RNA-electroporated DC also inhibited tumor growth in MC-38 tumor-bearing mice. In addition, Plk1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes from PBMC of healthy donors could be induced using autologous monocyte-derived DC electroporated with RNA encoding the whole gene of human Plk1. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that Plk1 could be a universal tumor antigen recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes for cancer immunotherapy.
Yeast Transcriptional Regulator Leu3p (1999)

Recent work suggests that the masking of the activation domain (AD) of yeast transactivator Leu3p, observed in the absence of the metabolic signal alpha-isopropylmalate, is an intramolecular event. Much of the evidence came from the construction and analysis of a mutant form of Leu3p (Leu3-dd) whose AD is permanently masked (Wang, D., Hu, Y., Zheng, F., Zhou, K., and Kohlhaw, G. B. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 19383-19392). In a modified two-hybrid experiment, the ADs of both wild type Leu3p and Leu3-dd were shown to interact with the remainder of the Leu3 protein, in an alpha-isopropylmalate-dependent manner. The finding that masking and unmasking proceed apparently normally when full-length Leu3p is expressed in mammalian cells is also consistent with the notion of intramolecular masking. Here we report on the identification of nine missense mutations (all of them suppressors of the Leu3-dd phenotype) that cause permanent unmasking of Leu3p. The nine mutations map to three short segments located within a 140-residue-long region of the C-terminal part of the middle region of Leu3p. These segments may be part of a spatial trap for the AD. We also performed "domain swaps" between Leu3p and Cha4p, a serine/threonine-responsive activator that, like Leu3p, belongs to the family of Zn(II)2Cys6 proteins. We show that AD masking and response to the appropriate metabolic signal only occur when a given AD remains attached to its own middle region; middle region swapping results in constitutively active proteins. Finally, we show that the extent to which Leu3p regulates reporter gene expression depends on the intracellular concentration of Leu3p. The possible physiological significance of this observation is discussed in light of the known regulation of Leu3p by Gcn4p.