gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electro-optically tunable microring resonators on lithium niobate (2007)

Electro-optical tuning of a microring resonator fabricated on lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is presented. The device structure, including microring resonator and couplers, is designed in detail and is produced by titanium diffusion on the wet-etched LiNbO3 ridge surface. The resonance wavelengths for TM and TE polarizations can be tuned by electro-optic effect. The output characteristics of through port and drop port in the microring resonators are measured, and the effect of applied voltage on the shift of resonant wavelength is discussed. The presented microring resonators have the features of fast tuning speed, high material stability, bidirection wavelength shift, and no heating interference. Realization of such a microring resonator on LiNbO3 makes the utilization of electro-optic tuning and nonlinear effects in the versatile photonic applications of microring resonators achievable.
Isoform-specific Regulation of Insulin-dependent Glucose Uptake by Akt/Protein Kinase B (2003)

Recent data have implicated the serine/threonine protein kinase Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) in a diverse array of physiological pathways, raising the question of how biological specificity is maintained. Partial clarification derived from the observation that mice deficient in either of the two isoforms, Akt1/PKBalpha or Akt2/PKBbeta, demonstrate distinct abnormalities, i.e. reduced organismal size or insulin resistance, respectively. However, the question still persists as to whether these divergent phenotypes are due exclusively to tissue-specific differences in isoform expression or distinct capacities for signaling intrinsic to the two proteins. Here we show that Akt2/PKBbeta-/- adipocytes derived from immortalized mouse embryo fibroblasts display significantly reduced insulin-stimulated hexose uptake, clearly establishing that the partial defect in glucose disposal in these mice derives from lack of a cell autonomous function of Akt2/PKBbeta. Moreover, in adipocytes differentiated from primary fibroblasts or immortalized mouse embryo fibroblasts, and brown preadipocytes the absence of Akt2/PKBbeta resulted in reduction of insulin-induced hexose uptake and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation, whereas Akt1/PKBalpha was dispensable for this effect. Most importantly, hexose uptake and GLUT4 translocation were completely restored after re-expression of Akt2/PKBbeta in Akt2/PKBbeta-/- adipocytes, but overexpression of Akt1/PKBalpha at comparable levels was ineffective at rescuing insulin action to normal. These results show that the Akt1/PKBalpha and Akt2/PKBbeta isoforms are uniquely adapted to preferentially transmit distinct biological signals, and this property is likely to contribute significantly to the ability of Akt/PKB to play a role in diverse processes.
A New, Ideal Technique to Monitor Thrombolytic Therapy (1986)

In an earlier article we have reported a technique which allows the measurement of haemostasis from whole blood by the "tube bleeding" principle. The technique is now progressed by using non-anticoagulated blood and therefore clotting-time is also measured. We report here that the technique allows a simple thrombolytic assay to perform from the same blood sample used for haemostasis measurement by detecting the length of time until the haemostatic plugs crack or are expelled. Evidence is presented that this "spontaneous" expulsion is mainly due to thrombolysis. Generation of thrombin during haemostasis is indicated by the inhibitory effect of hirudin. 125I-fibrinogen accumulates (28-fold) in the haemostatic plugs. Plasminogen activators (streptokinase and urokinase) reduce while inactivation of plasminogen by specific antibody greatly prolongs the expulsion-time. The effect of cytochalasin B shows that the retraction of the haemostatic plug is not a decisive factor of the expulsion. As the technique allows the simultaneous measurement of haemostasis, thrombolysis and clotting, it seems ideal for monitoring thrombolytic therapy.
Mutually Exclusive Neuronal Expression of Peptides Encoded By the FMRFa Gene Underlies a Differential Control of Copulation in Lymnaea (1995)

An innovative method, direct peptide profiling of small samples of nervous tissue by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, in combination with peptide characterization, immunocytochemistry in conjunction with specific neuronal labeling by backfilling of the penis nerve, and bioassay of peptides was used to study the intrinsic neuronal expression patterns of distinct sets of related FMRFa peptides and their significance for the organization of male copulation behavior in the mollusk, Lymnaea stagnalis. Previous studies indicate that the sets of FMRFa-related and GDPFLRFa-related peptides are encoded by two alternatively spliced transcripts of the single FMRFa gene. Direct mass spectrometry revealed that both FMRFa-related and GDPFLRFa-related peptides are present in the penis nerve, the sole nerve that innervates the penis complex. Accordingly, authentic FMRFa, GDPFLRFa, and related peptides were purified from the penis complex. The loci of synthesis of FMRFa and related peptides could be traced to the right cerebral ventral lobe, those of GDPFLRFa and related peptides to the B group neurons in the right parietal ganglion and to a few unidentified neurons in the right pleural ganglion. Notwithstanding their related structures, the two sets of peptides have distinctly different actions on the penis retractor muscle.
Identification of a Grain Beetle Macrolide Pheromone and Its Synthesis by Ring-Closing Metathesis Using a Terminal Alkyne (2015)

A major C18-macrolide was found during analysis of the frass of the storage beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis to be (9Z,12Z,15R)-octadeca-9,12-dien-15-olide (10, cucujolide XI). The synthesis used ring-closing alkyne metathesis as a key step. The highly active 2,4,6-trimethylbenzylidyne molybdenum complex [MesCMo{OC(CF3)2Me}3] (12) allowed the use of a terminal alkyne and afforded the product in excellent yield. Bioassays proved the activity of the R-enantiomer 10 in the aggregation of the beetle. Cucujolide XI is the first macrolide pheromone oxidized at the ω-4 position.
A Tiered Strategy for Auditing in the Cloud (2012)

In this paper, we outline a tiered approach to auditing information in the cloud. The approach provides perspectives on auditable events that may include compositions of independently formed audit trails. Filtering and reasoning over the audit trails can manifest potential security vulnerabilities and performance attributes as desired by stakeholders.
Ultrafast all-optical logic gates based on soliton trapping in fibers (1989)

Ultrafast all-optical soliton-trapping logic gates, including an inverter, exclusive OR, and AND, are experimentally demonstrated in birefringent fibers. The soliton-trapping logic gates are three terminal devices with orthogonally polarized inputs, phase-insensitive nonlinear operation, and switching energies of ~42 pJ. Using a 0.2-THz bandpass filter, the contrast ratio for the exclusive-OR gate is ~8:1, but the output pulses are ~10 times broader than the input pulse width. By widening the filter bandpass to 0.58 THz, an inverter is demonstrated with an ~4:1 contrast ratio and output pulses that can propagate as solitons in a fiber. Numerical simulations show that the output from the inverter can be cascaded to other trapping gates.
Oxytocin agonists for preventing postpartum haemorrhage (2007)

There is insufficient evidence that 100 micrograms of intravenous carbetocin is as effective as oxytocin to prevent PPH. In comparison to oxytocin, carbetocin was associated with reduced need for additional uterotonic agents, and uterine massage. There was limited comparative evidence on adverse events.
REGENERATION AND SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION OF <i>GRIFFITHSIA JAPONICA</i> (CERAMIACEAE, RHODOPHYTA) THROUGH SOMATIC CELL FUSION<sup>1</sup> (1991)

ABSTRACT Hybrid cells were obtained from somatic cell fusion among male, female, and tetrasporangial plants in Griffithsia japonica Okamura by a wound‐healing process. Isolated fusion cells regenerated new mature plants with mixed reproductive structures. The plants regenerated from hybrid cells between male and female plants developed into 1) spermatangiate, 2) carpogonial, 3) bisexual with spermatangia and carpogonial branches, 4) mixed‐phase with spermatangia and tetrasporangia, or 5) bisexual/mixed‐phase plants with spermatangia, carpogonial branches, and tetrasporangia. About 70% of the plants regenerated from hybrid cells between male and female plants produced tetrasporangia that were always formed with spermatangia on a single cell. Some of those tetrasporangia released tetraspores, six of which gave rise to mature plants. The plants regenerated from hybrid cells between male and tetrasporangial plants developed into spermatangiate, tetrasporangiate, or mixed‐phase plants with spermatangia and tetrasporangia. The plants regenerated from hybrid cells between female and tetrasporangial plants developed into carpogonial, tetrasporangiate, or mixed‐phase plants with carpogonial branches and tetrasporangia. All types of reproductive structures we re functional.
Systemic and Local Regulation of the Growth Plate (2003)

The growth plate is the final target organ for longitudinal growth and results from chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. During the first year of life, longitudinal growth rates are high, followed by a decade of modest longitudinal growth. The age at onset of puberty and the growth rate during the pubertal growth spurt (which occurs under the influence of estrogens and GH) contribute to sex difference in final height between boys and girls. At the end of puberty, growth plates fuse, thereby ceasing longitudinal growth. It has been recognized that receptors for many hormones such as estrogen, GH, and glucocorticoids are present in or on growth plate chondrocytes, suggesting that these hormones may influence processes in the growth plate directly. Moreover, many growth factors, i.e., IGF-I, Indian hedgehog, PTHrP, fibroblast growth factors, bone morphogenetic proteins, and vascular endothelial growth factor, are now considered as crucial regulators of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. In this review, we present an update on the present perception of growth plate function and the regulation of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation by systemic and local regulators of which most are now related to human growth disorders.
Technology of ion beam sources used in sputtering (1978)

The technology of broad-beam ion sources is reviewed from the viewpoint of the sputtering–deposition user. This review includes a short description of the development of discharge chambers, accelerator systems, and cathodes; the present alternatives for these components and the expected future improvements.
A monoclonal antibody that inhibits activation of human Hageman factor (factor XII) (1985)

A monoclonal antibody to human Hageman factor (HF, factor XII) was derived from BALB/c mouse spleen cells fused with NS-1 mouse myeloma cells. This antibody, purified from ascites fluid, reacted with HF to inhibit the activation of HF, purified or in normal pooled plasma, as measured by a coagulation assay. The antibody did not inhibit the coagulant activity of activated HF. The antibody also inhibited the generation of amidolytic activity in HF-ellagic acid mixtures, but failed to inhibit the amidolytic properties of the carboxy-terminal fragment of HF (HFf). Amidolytic activity, absent in an HF-monoclonal antibody mixture, was generated upon treatment with insoluble trypsin. Monoclonal antibody, bound to CNBr Sepharose 4B gel (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Piscataway, NJ), reversibly bound HF in plasma or in buffer, without activating it. HF was then eluted with 4 mol/L guanidine HCI. The passage of 125I-labeled HF enzymatically cleaved by trypsin through a column of monoclonal antibody-CNBr Sepharose 4B gel resulted in flow-through of HFf with a molecular weight (mol wt) of 30,000 and HF fragments of mol wt 12,000. Elution with 4 mol/L guanidine HCI yielded several HF fragments (mol wt 80,000, 52,000, and 40,000) but not HFf. These data suggest that the single determinant recognized by the murine monoclonal antibody is not on HFf, but rather on the amino-terminal fragment thought to be involved in the binding activity of HF. The monoclonal anti-HF bound to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B gel could be used to artificially deplete plasma samples of HF.
Physiological and experimental regulation of taurine content in the heart. (1980)

High concentrations of taurine are found in the heart and these are increased still further in congestive heart failure. It appears that taurine is largely derived by influx from the circulation, and this influx is stimulated by cyclic AMP, whereas influx of alpha-amino acids is unaffected. Influx occurs via a saturable transport system that has strict requirements for ligands. Other substances are transported by this system, including beta-alanine, hypotaurine, guanidoethyl sulfonate, and, to a lesser extent, guanidinopropionate; and these are competitive antagonists for taurine transport. Guanidinoethyl sulfonate, in vivo, markedly lowers taurine concentrations over the course of a few days in all tissues examined in the rat and mouse (but not in the guinea pig). The concentrations of other amino acids are unaffected. Guanidinoethyl sulfonate may prove to be a useful substance in the study of the biological role of taurine, in view of its ability to regulate taurine content in a number of species. Despite the numerous pharmacological actions of taurine, its physiological function in the heart remains problematic. One function appears to be the modulation of calcium movements. The inotropic actions of taurine and beta-adrenergic activation may be linked via the cyclic AMP-dependent regulation of taurine influx.
Design and analysis of a multistage fuzzy PID controller (2015)

Classical PID controllers remain one of the simplest, most effective, robust, and easily certifiable control strategies. However, this simplicity comes with a price. Design tradeoffs between integral and derivative gain in a linear PID controller often make it difficult to achieve optimal performance. For example, increasing the integral term to reduce steady-state error causes undesired behavior during the transient phase of the system response. Intuitively, the integral term should only be active during the steady-state portion of the response to either reduce or eliminate the steady-state error. This can be achieved by implementing a switching multistage PID controller that consists of a first stage PD controller followed by a second stage PI controller. Difficulty arises in designing the switching circuit to appropriately engage the integral controller without jeopardizing stability. It has been shown that a fuzzy logic PD controller is able to reduce the steady-state error while maintaining the speed and damping of the system. However, like the classical counterpart, a fuzzy PD controller can not completely eliminate the error. To eliminate this error, the design of a multistage fuzzy PID controller is presented in this paper. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the fuzzy PID controller in removing the steady-state error while maintaining the speed and stability of the system. Finally, fuzzy control systems have not been widely accepted by the control community due to lack of systematic stability analysis. To address this concern, this paper demonstrates some preliminary work, using simulation aided formal analysis to derive the global stability region of fuzzy based Hybrid System.
SMART CARD PROVIDES TICKET TO RIDE (1997)

This paper describes the implementation of smart cards in public transit in Tampere, Finland. Benefits of usage include security reliability, and speed. The article also looks at the possibility of using smart cards in future multiservice applications.
<i>Ramsayella</i>, new genus of Erythraeinae (Acari: Erythraeidae) parasitic on grasshoppers in New Zealand (2000)

Abstract Ramsayella rangitata gen. and sp. nov. of the subfamily Erythraeinae (Acari: Erythraeidae) is described from larvae ectoparasitic on grasshoppers, collected in the Rangitata Valley, Canterbury, New Zealand. This genus is unique among Erythraeinae in (1) having seven pairs of ordinary setae on the prodorsal scutum, (2) complete loss of solenidia on leg genua, and (3) characteristic thickening of most of the body setae, especially the coxal setae.
Synthesis and Conformational Studies of γ−Aminoxy Peptides (2007)

We have synthesized a series of gamma-aminoxy acids, including unsubstituted and gamma4-Ph-, gamma4-alkyl-, and gamma(3,4)-cyclohexyl-substituted systems. Coupling of these monomers to oligomers can be realized using EDCI/HOBt (or HOAt) as the coupling agent. gamma-Aminoxy peptides can form 10-membered-ring intramolecular hydrogen bonds-so-called "gamma N-O turns"-between adjacent residues, the extent of which is controlled by the nature of the side chain of each gamma-aminoxy acid residue, increasing from the unsubstituted gamma-aminoxy peptide to the gamma4-alkyl aminoxy peptides to the gamma4-phenyl- and gamma(3,4)-cyclohexyl-substituted aminoxy peptides. The presence of two consecutive homochiral 10-membered-ring intramolecular hydrogen bonds leads to the formation of a novel helical structure. Theoretical studies on a series of model peptides rationalize very well the experimentally observed conformational features of these gamma-aminoxy peptides.
Oxidation of Biologically Active Reducing Substances by Ozone (1971)

Abstract Cysteine, reduced glutathione, thioglycolic acid, NADH and NADPH are readily oxidized by ozone. When glutathione is oxidized, the product is not reducible by the biological system of glutathione reductase and NADPH. NADH and NADPH are biologically active as coenzymes, however, after oxidation. Sulfhydryl enzymes, papain, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphaîe dehydrogenase are also inactivated by ozone even in the presence of cysteine. The inactive form of the enzymes is only partially reactivated by cysteine. Other sulfhydryl reagents provide only partial protection of papain against ozone. Selenocysteine in combination with cysteine is a highly effective protector. These data suggest that ozone may act by oxidation of sulfhydryl compounds, and especially sulfhydryl enzymes, to higher oxidation states than the disulfide which is not reducible by the reductases available in cells. Seleno compounds may be important cellular protectors.
Printed dipoles electromagnetically coupled to coplanar waveguide for linear or circular polarisation (1986)

Two configurations are proposed for feeding printed dipoles with coplanar waveguide transmission lines. The coplanar waveguide feed is printed on a ground plane sandwiched between a high-permittivity substrate and a low-permittivity substrate which supports the antenna. Both linear and circular polarisation can be achieved. Measured results are presented.
Coiled tubing velocity strings keep wells unloaded (1989)

Liquid loading is a problem in many older and even some newer gas wells, particularly in pressure depletion type reservoirs. This liquid loading results in decreased production and may even kill the well. The use of coiled tubing as a velocity string (or siphon string) has proved to be an economically viable alternative to allow continued and thus, increased cumulative production for wells experiencing liquid loading problems. Coiled tubing run inside the existing production string reduces the flow area, whether the well is produced up the tubing or up the annulus. This reduction in flow area results in an increase in flow velocity and thus, an increase in the well's ability to unload fluids.
A Middleware for Mobile Edge Computing (2017)

Edge computing is the emerging paradigm that pervasively brings computing in the environment, by shifting processing from data centers to the network edge, allowing a large class of applications in growing fields, like Big Data and the Internet of Things, to be deployed in a very effective way. In this paper, we propose middleware for running applications over heterogeneous environments made of telecom networks and legacy data centers. We briefly review an emerging architecture for edge computing and describe an integrated solution for developing and deploying modular applications in an automatic way.
New Trends in Governing Law: The New, New Lex Mercatoria, or, Back to the Future (2001)

Journal Article New Trends in Governing Law: The New, New Lex Mercatoria, or, Back to the Future Get access L. Yves Fortier L. Yves Fortier Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ICSID Review - Foreign Investment Law Journal, Volume 16, Issue 1, Spring 2001, Pages 10–19, https://doi.org/10.1093/icsidreview/16.1.10 Published: 01 March 2001
Structural and material mechanical properties of human vertebral cancellous bone (1997)

The structural Young's modulus (i.e. that of the cancellous framework) was determined by non-destructive compressive mechanical testing in the three orthogonal axes of 48 vertebral bone cubes. In addition, the material Young's modulus (i.e. of the trabeculae themselves) was estimated using an ultrasonic technique. Apparent and true density were determined by direct physical measurements. Significant mechanical anisotropy was observed: mean structural Young's modulus varied from 165 MPa in the supero-inferior direction to 43 MPa in the lateral direction. Structural Young's modulus correlated with apparent density, with power-law regression models giving the best correlations (r2 = 0.52-0.88). Mechanical anisotropy increased as a function of decreasing apparent density (p < 0.001). Material Young's modulus was 10.0 +/- 1.3 GPa, and was negatively correlated with apparent density (p < 0.001). In multiple regression models, material Young's modulus was a significant independent predictor of structural Young's modulus only in the supero-inferior direction. The data suggest the presence of two effects in vertebral bone associated with decreasing apparent density and, by implication, bone loss in general: (a) increased mechanical anisotropy, such that there is relative conservation of stiffness in the axial direction compared with the transverse directions; and (b) increased stiffness of the trabeculae themselves.
BROADBAND LASER DIGITAL DEFLECTOR. (1967)

The report describes the design of a broadband laser beam digital deflector feasibility model. This model will be a flexible broadband assembly permitting evaluation of numerous broadbanding techniques. Two methods of externally modifying an existing single wavelength digital deflector are described. Both methods provide a beam deflection system operating throughout the 4500A to 7000A portion of the spectrum. Estimates of light intensity losses are calculated for both methods of external modification. Losses are calculated at the discrete laser wavelength to be used in the Laboratory feasibility model. The theory illustrating the method of compensation required for broadband deflector operation is explained. Sample calculations are included for compensation of a two-color model. Laboratory techniques to facilitate compensation of three- and four-color models are included. Problem areas requiring special investigation are outlined. A literary investigation of index of refraction matching fluids is included as an Appendix. The problems encountered with previously used fluids in the deflector and their possible solutions are discussed. Conclusions and recommendations concerning investigation of problem areas and laboratory fabrication of the feasibility model are given. (Author)