gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerated Vector Pruning for Optimal POMDP Solvers (2017)

Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are powerful models for planning under uncertainty in partially observable domains. However, computing optimal solutions for POMDPs is challenging because of the high computational requirements of POMDP solution algorithms. Several algorithms use a subroutine to prune dominated vectors in value functions, which requires a large number of linear programs (LPs) to be solved and it represents a large part of the total running time. In this paper we show how the LPs in POMDP pruning subroutines can be decomposed using a Benders decomposition. The resulting algorithm incrementally adds LP constraints and uses only a small fraction of the constraints. Our algorithm significantly improves the performance of existing pruning methods and the commonly used incremental pruning algorithm. Our new variant of incremental pruning is the fastest optimal pruning-based POMDP algorithm.
Effects of proanthocyanidions on apoptosis in SMMC-7721 human hepatocellular carcinoma (2011)

Objective To investigate the effects of procyanidins from the seedpod of the lotus(LSPC)on apoptosis of human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721. Methods SMMC-7721 cells were exposed to different concentration of LSPC. The suppression rate of cell proliferation was measured by MTT. Results The cell growth was inhibited significantly by LSPC. Conclusion LSPC inhibits the growth of SMMC-7721 cells and induces apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. It is suggested that LSPC has the ability of antitumor by induction of apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells.
Analysis of the Physical and Functional Characteristics of Cell Clumping in Lactose-Positive Transconjugants of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis ML3 (1994)

Transconjugants of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis ML3 that acquire the ability to utilize lactose often exhibit selfaggregation and become able to transfer the ability to utilize lactose at frequencies 10 2 to 10 5 times higher than strain ML3. Our laboratory investigated the physical and functional characteristics of cell aggregation in ML3 transconjugants. Results showed that donor cell autoaggregation was dissociated when cells were suspended in buffers that contained EDTA or when they were briefly exposed to proteinase K or (Xchymotrypsin. Conjugation studies revealed that disruption of donor cell aggregation substantially decreased the efficiency of lactose plasmid transfer. Dissociation by EDTA or proteolytic enzyme treatments was reversible, and recovery of high frequency lactose plasmid transfer ability accompanied the restoration of donor self-aggregation. Analysis of cell-surface proteins isolated from lactose-positive, aggregationpositive and from lactose-positive, aggregation-negative transconjugants of ML3 by PAGE indicated that aggregation-positive cells produced a unique protein of approximately 125 kDa. The results suggested that cell
Diagnostic tests: Rapid tests for the diagnosis of influenza (2009)

Diagnostic tests
Proportional differentiated services, part II: loss rate differentiation and packet dropping (2002)

The proportional differentiation model was proposed in Dovrolis et al. (1999), as a target for controllable and predictable relative differentiated services. Only the delay differentiation aspect of the model was considered, and focused on packet scheduling mechanisms. In this paper, we extend the proportional differentiation model in the direction of loss rate differentiation. Several previous mechanisms for buffer management and packet dropping, such as complete buffer partitioning, partial buffer sharing, or multi-class RED, are not suitable for relative differentiated services. We propose and evaluate two dropping mechanisms that closely approximate the proportional loss rate differentiation model. The two droppers, PLR(/spl infin/) and PLR(M), differ in the time interval over which the loss rates are measured and proportionally adjusted. This difference results in several trade-offs, in terms of implementation complexity, accuracy, and ability to deal with nonstationary traffic loads. We also re-evaluate the delay differentiation that the waiting time priorities (WTP) scheduler, of Dovrolis et al., can achieve in the presence of finite buffers and packet losses; this study extends their results providing further insight into the behavior of WTP in heavy load conditions. Finally, we examine the coupled effect of delay and loss rate proportional differentiation on the throughput of bulk-transfer TCP connections.
General Atomics Smart Microsensors - FY05 Laboratory Fire Test Results (2005)

This report describes the cermet sensors and system control software recently evaluated in laboratory tests for shipboard damage control. The tests were conducted to generate a database of sensor responses to fire and nuisance sources for algorithm development, and to develop fire detection alarm algorithms. In this work, the cermet sensors incorporate four sensors with multivariate analysis methods and classification algorithms for detecting a wide variety of analytes, including toxic industrial chemicals, fires, and nuisance sources. The test series successfully demonstrated the functionality and performance of the microsensor system for use in fire detection. The detection system demonstrated the ability to detect flaming and smoldering fires at the same level as the commercial multicriteria detector. It was on average 2.5 to 5.5 minutes faster for smoldering fires versus all detector types evaluated, and 50 to 80 seconds faster for flaming fires versus multicriteria and photoelectric detectors, but 50 seconds slower than the ionization detector. The system needs improvement in addressing fire-like nuisances.
<title>Robust and miniature optical fiber pH sensor based on methylene blue dye adsorption</title> (1995)

An optical fiber pH sensor based on the surface absorption of methylene blue dye is reported. Previously obtained results for this sensor have indicated a large linear operating range (3-10 pH) coupled with a relatively short response time and immunity to ionic concentration. Further investigations are reported which include testing reproducibility, accuracy, and sensitivity. In addition to this, a two wavelength referencing technique is introduced where the sensor is illuminated by two wavelengths in sequence in a time domain multiplexed manner. The performance of the sensor in terms of temperature stability and immunity to small perturbations to the launch conditions is improved by the application of the multiplexing technique. Particular attention is given to the ability of this sensor to measure pH at very low ionic strength and the geometry of the sensing element has been refined to reduce the response time to below 45 seconds for solutions of ionic strengths of 100 microsecond(s) . These measurements are significant since many applications for pH measurement require operation at such low ionic concentrations, e.g. underground water monitoring. Results are also included for higher ionic concentrations such as those encountered in blood pH measurement and other medical applications.
HOW TO ESTIMATE ENGINEERING PROPERTIES TO GET VISCOSITY FOR A GAS MIXTURE (1958)

The various estimation methods with which mixture viscosities may be calculated from known purecomponent viscosities are given. Separate treatment for low- and high-pressures is given. (T.R.H.)
Multi-beam Joint Detection Combination for TD-SCDMA Compatible Mobile Satellite Communication System (2012)

Based on the characteristic that received signals of different beam cells are sent to the same gateway station in the multi-beam satellite system, this paper introduces a technique of multi-beam joint detection combination for TD-SCDMA compatible mobile satellite communication system. The proposed technique adopts Adjacent Beam Assisted Single-beam Joint Detection (ABA-SB-JD) technique to get the detection signals of users in each target-beam cell and adjacent beam cells from the interference signals of users in adjacent beam cells, and detects the signal of the same user in each beam cell according to the maximal ratio combining principle. The simulation results show that this technique gets a good system bit-error rate performance, significantly reduces the SNR threshold of the system, and greatly improves multi-user detection performance of the multi-beam satellite communication system.
MYC status as a determinant of synergistic response to Olaparib and Palbociclib in ovarian cancer (2019)

Our data provide a rationale for clinical evaluation of therapeutic synergy of these two classes of inhibitors in ovarian cancer patients whose tumors show high MYC expression and who do not respond to PARP inhibitors or CDK4/6 inhibitors monotherapies. FUND: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [81672575, 81874111, 81472447 to HC; 81572586 and 81372853 to PL], and the Liaoning Provincial Key Basic Research Program for Universities [LZ2017002 to HC].
Application of radio frequency identification systems to collision avoidance in metal/nonmetal mines (2002)

Collisions between haulage equipment and pedestrian workers or other vehicles claim an average of five lives each year in surface and underground metal/nonmetal mining operations. Many more workers are severely injured. Although technologies exist that could prevent these collisions, (radar, CCTV, and back-up alarms), they do have limitations and are not being used widely. New developments in radio frequency identification (RFID) systems show promise for reducing the number of collisions. This paper describes tests conducted on off-the-shelf RFID systems and the subsequent development of a custom RFID system that could be used for both surface and underground mining equipment.
Leadership Challenges for the University of the 21st Century (2015)

Though its goal to provide quality, affordable education has not changed, the “University of the 21st Century” has entered a period of transition. With the pressure to uphold its standards while maintaining cultural relevancy, the academy finds itself in the midst of a challenging time made even more difficult by its precarious financial situation. However, education in leadership must recognize that this transitional period is also one of opportunity. The University of Louisville has developed a strategy for addressing modern that endeavors to benefit students and educators alike as it unites them.
Intraoperative Intrinsic Optical Imaging of Neuronal Activity from Subdivisions of the Human Primary Somatosensory Cortex (2002)

We performed intrinsic optical imaging of neuronal activity induced by peripheral stimulation from the human primary somatosensory cortex during brain tumor surgery for 11 patients. After craniotomy and dura reflection, the cortical surface was illuminated with a xenon light through an operating microscope. The reflected light passed through a bandpass filter, and we acquired functional images using an intrinsic optical imaging system. Electrical stimulation of the median nerve, or the first and fifth digits, induced biphasic intrinsic optical signals which consisted of a decrease in light reflectance followed by an increase. The decrease in light reflectance was imaged, and we identified a neural response area within the crown of the postcentral gyrus. In experiments on first and fifth digit stimulation, we identified optical responses in separated areas within the crown of the postcentral gyrus, i.e. near the central sulcus and near the postcentral sulcus. In the former response area, separate representations of the two fingers were observed, whereas in the latter response area, the two fingers were represented in the same region. A similar somatotopic representation was observed with electrical stimulation of the first and third branches of the trigeminal nerve. These results seem to support the hypothesis of hierarchical organization in the human primary somatosensory cortex.
Invariant characteristics of a pointing movement in man (1981)

Simple arm movements involving forward projection of the hand toward a target were studied by measuring simultaneous wrist position in three-dimensional space and changes in elbow angle. An attempt was made to identify those features of the movement which exhibit invariant characteristics under the hypothesis that such invariances may reflect the operations by which central processes participate in the organization of the movement. The first such invariance to be identified was that the trajectory in space is independent of movement speed. Secondly, the movement can be viewed as consisting of two phases, an acceleratory phase and a deceleratory one, with the movement during the acceleratory phase being so organized as to maintain the ratio of elbow angular velocity to shoulder angular velocity invariant with respect to target location in the deceleratory phase. It is suggested that proprioceptive information is used to control the movement and that the latter invariance may result from a negative feedback of force involving tendon organ afferents.
Pulsed sample introduction interface for combining flow injection analysis with multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPulsed sample introduction interface for combining flow injection analysis with multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometryAlan P. L. Wang and Liang. LiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 7, 769–775Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00031a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00031a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views170Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vortex Ring Generator: Mechanical Engineering Design for 100-kpsi Operating Pressures (2000)

Abstract : This report documents engineering design guidelines used to construct an explosive gas generator (100 kpsi maximum) and an adjustable area ratio (2844 maximum) nozzle. The equipment enables ring vortices to be generated using jet streams with significantly higher Mach numbers than previously reported in the literature. Studies are planned of the risks, limits, and capabilities of ring vortices for nonlethal crowd control applications. The focus is limited to 40-mm weapons, so this report is written to facilitate technology transfer to investigators interested in other applications and launch platforms.
A Fair Go at the Friendly Games (2010)

The study of the Commonwealth Games to be held in India from October 3-14, 2010 serve as a case study for teaching students about the unique Commonwealth family and the importance of it relationship. The different activities and exercises that can be undertaken by teachers and students regarding the same are highlighted.
Efficient Transformation of Aspergillus nidulans by Electroporation of Germinated Conidia (1996)

We report the transformation of swollen A. nidulans conidia by electroporation. With this method, transformation frequencies were similar to those obtained by using protoplast fusion. The methodology employed is simple, requiring no enzymes nor osmotic stabilizers. The effects of conidial age, DNA topology/concentration and electric field strength are presented
GPS Application to Mapping, Charting and Geodesy (1981)

The Defense Mapping Agency in conjunction with other government agencies is sponsoring the Development of GPS user equipment which will benefit greatly the Mapping, Charting and Geodesy community. The developments include the first GPS receivers for space applications and GPS receivers for geodetic survery applications. Both projects utilize technical support of the Naval Surface Weapons Center at Dahlgren. The receiver for space applications (GPSPAC) is a joint program funded by DMA and NASA for the development of GPS receiver hardware to fly as part of NASA's LANDSAT Program. The real-time acquisition of precise ephemeris information will greatly enhance the utility of the imagery acquired by this satellite to the users, and will serve as a pilot experiment for future application of GPS mapping the earth from space. The GPS geodetic receiver development, which will provide prototype receivers for utilization in terrestrial surveying operations, has the potential to significantly enhance the accuracy of point geodetic surveys over the current TRANSIT user hardware capability. The improved accuracy will come with a corresponding reduction in time required to occupy the site and therefore offers operational cost reductions. This program is jointly sponsored by DMA, NASA, USGS and NOAA/NGS. The project engineering work on this program is being carried out at NSWC.
Retrieval of the top N matches with support vector machines (2002)

Support vector machines (SVM) have been recently proposed for pattern recognition. Their basic property allows us to find a decision surface between two classes in terms of a hyperplane in a high dimensional space. In a multiclass recognition problem, SVM are used in the form of a combination of binary classifiers. However, SVM are unable to retrieve the top N matches, since they are designed to yield only one-the best match-in a multiclass problem. In other words, there is no proper similarity measurement for ordering all the classes in a given space using SVM. In this paper, we present an efficient method for the retrieval of the top N matches in a multiclass problem using SVM. For evaluation of the proposed method, we compared its result with that of a PCA algorithm in ranking the matches between classes.
A Guide to Laser Safety (1997)

Part One: The essentials of laser safety. Introductory review. Part Two: The background to laser safety. The principles of laser operation. The measurement of laser radiation. The hazards of lasers. The management of health and safety. Laser hazard assessments. Part Three: The application of laser safety. Lasers in science and engineering. Lasers in industrial processing. Lasers in medicine. Lasers in telecommunications. Lasers in entertainment.
Lung Segmentation Methods in X-ray CT Images (2000)

In this paper we present three methods for the automatic segmentation of pulmonary regions in X-ray CT images. Before applying any method, each image is pre–processed. The first two methods rely on intensity oriented image processing techniques based on the mapping between the peaks and valleys of the histogram and groups of organs located in the thoracic region. The second method also uses morphologic filters to remove spurious structures. The third method explores the technique of active contours applied to each one of the lungs. The resulting contours obtained by each method are qualitatively compared with corresponding reference contours drawn by two expert radiologists.
Microphone array power ratio for quality assessment of reverberated speech (2015)

Speech signals in enclosed environments are often distorted by reverberation and noise. In speech communication systems with several randomly distributed microphones, involving a dynamic speaker and unknown source location, it is of great interest to monitor the perceived quality at each microphone and select the signal with the best quality. Most of existing approaches for quality estimation require prior information or a clean reference signal, which is unfortunately seldom available. In this paper, a practical non-intrusive method for quality assessment of reverberated speech signals is proposed. Using a statistical model of the reverberation process, we examine the energies as measured by unidirectional elements in a microphone array. By measuring the power ratio, we obtain a measure for the amount of reverberation in the received acoustic signals. This measure is then utilized to derive a blind estimation of the direct-to-reverberation energy ratio in the room. The proposed approach attains a simple, reliable, and robust quality measure, shown here through persuasive simulation results.
Sandwich theory: Bioactivity-based explanation for posterior capsule opacification (1997)

The degree of IOL bioactivity could explain the difference in PCO and the neodymium:YAG rates with different IOL materials. In theory, a bioactive IOL would prevent PCO better than poly(methyl methacrylate) and silicone IOLs, which have good biocompatibility but are bioinert.
[Effect of potassium ions on the reactions of resistive and capacitive vessels in the skeletal muscles and intestines]. (1975)

L. a. administration of 4.2% KCl was followed by contractile responses of the resistance intestinal vessels, whereas contractile-dilatatory responses were observed in the skeletal muscles. The intestinal capacitance vessels responded with insignificant increase of the venous outflow, while the contractile-dilatatory responses of the resistance vessel were not followed by any increase of the venous outflow in skeletal muscles. After papaverin administration, contractile responses of the resistance intestinal vessels were insignificant, while the contractile-dilatatory responses of the skeletal muscles resistance vessels became contractile only. After noradrenaline injections only contractile responses were observed in the resistance intestinal vessels.
Filtration of Aerosols By Fibrous Media (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleFiltration of Aerosols By Fibrous MediaC. Y. ChenCite this: Chem. Rev. 1955, 55, 3, 595–623Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr50003a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cr50003a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1148Altmetric-Citations210LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts