gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of pure-bred and cross-bred dairy ewes in a commercial sheep milking operation (1992)

Sheep milk and its products are regaining popularity with approximately 15,000 sheep currently being milked in the UK. Extreme dairy type ewes such as the Friesland are expensive compared to commercial genotypes and the crossing of dairy type sires with commercial ewes to produce cross-bred daughters for milking offers an alternative route of entry into milking sheep. An investigation was carried out on a commercial unit in Aberdeenshire milking around 150 ewes to assess the relative suitability and performance of pure-bred and cross-bred dairy ewes under commercial conditions. The study involved first lactation ewes, 5 Friesland x Scotch Halfbreds being compared with 5 pure-bred Frieslands. The ewes lambed at 15 months of age between 20 and 27 May and the ewes were grazed on ryegrass/white clover swards. Ewes nursed their lambs for four weeks after lambing and machine milking started on day 29 of lactation. Milk yield was recorded weekly while milk fat and protein were measured at two weekly intervals.
Genome-wide analysis of enhancer RNA in gene regulation across 12 mouse tissues (2015)

Enhancers play a crucial role in gene regulation but the participation of enhancer transcripts (i.e. enhancer RNA, eRNAs) in regulatory systems remains unclear. We provide a computational analysis on eRNAs using genome-wide data across 12 mouse tissues. The expression of genes targeted by transcribing enhancer is positively correlated with eRNA expression and significantly higher than expression of genes targeted by non-transcribing enhancers. This result implies eRNA transcription indicates a state of enhancer that further increases gene expression. This state of enhancer is tissue-specific, as the same enhancer differentially transcribes eRNAs across tissues. Therefore, the presence of eRNAs describes a tissue-specific state of enhancer that is generally associated with higher expressed target genes, surmising as to whether eRNAs have gene activation potential. We further found a large number of eRNAs contain regions in which sequences and secondary structures are similar to microRNAs. Interestingly, an increasing number of recent studies hypothesize that microRNAs may switch from their general repressive role to an activating role when targeting promoter sequences. Collectively, our results provide speculation that eRNAs may be associated with the selective activation of enhancer target genes.
Proliferation and differentiation of midgut epithelial cells from<i>Manduca sexta</i>, in<i>vitro</i> (1994)

Summary We have developed an insect midgut primary cell culture from pharate fourth instar larvae of Manduca sexta. An enriched Grace's medium supplemented with pupal fat body from Lymantria dispar and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE) supported stem cell proliferation and differentiation and maintained larval columnar and goblet cell morphology. Cell kinetics indicate that stem cells differentiate to columnar and goblet cells in culture.
Stabilized phase detection of heterodyne sum frequency generation for interfacial studies (2015)

We present a collinear-geometry heterodyne sum frequency generation (HD-SFG) method for interfacial studies. The HD detection is based on a collinear SFG configuration, in which picosecond visible and femtosecond IR beams are used to first produce a strong local oscillator and then to generate weak SFG signals from an interface. A time-delay compensator, consisting of an MgF2 window, is placed before the sample to introduce the time delay between the local oscillator and the interfacial SFG signals for spectral interferometry. Our HD-SFG method exhibits advantages of long-time phase stability. It is not sensitive to sample heights, does not require reflection correction, and is easy to implement.
Roots: Mutation frequency decline revisited (1994)

'Mutation frequency decline' (MFD) was discovered about forty years ago, and described as the disappearance of a particular class of ultraviolet light-induced mutations in Escherichia coli that occurred whenever protein synthesis was briefly inhibited immediately after irradiation. Later, MFD was interpreted as an excision repair anomaly uniquely affecting nonsense suppressor mutations induced in certain tRNA genes. Never fully understood, MFD has recently been linked to the newly discovered transcription-coupled rapid repair of ultraviolet damage on the template strand of active genes. This article recalls the emergence and development of the MFD story, and offers a new way to explain it and its relation to strand-specific excision repair.
Controlled Explosive Power Units (1956)

ONE requirement basic to all airborne systems and components states that the functions to be performed shall be accomplished by units having the minimum weight and bulk. This item is of particular importance with respect to those devices which are required to perform work such as operating generators, pressurizing hydraulic systems, releasing external stores, and starting engines. One of the most efficient methods developed to date for performing these functions utilizes controlled explosive power as a prime mover. McCormick Selph Associates of Hollister, Calif., have concentrated their efforts on the design, test, and production of such devices. Four specific product lines now manufactured and stocked are:
欧洲未来的机会——1992年以后的欧洲内部市场将带来什么响影?(一) (1988)

世界性经济结构调整之潮,波及到地球每个角落,而1992年将建成的包括欧洲12国在内的欧共体内部市场,是世界性经济结构调整的重要标志之一.它的建立时欧洲及世界经济将产生什么影响,不仅是世界经济界最关心的课题之一,也是我国经贸界应研究的课题之一.由两专家撰写的欧洲未来机会一文,以科学严谨的态度,分析和预测了1992年以后欧共体内部市场的各种机制以及应采取的相应对策,是一篇有价值的专论.特此发表,以飧读者.
Arginine modulated cyclosporine-induced immune suppression in rats transplanted with gastric cancer cells. (2001)

Using a tumor transplant model, we have found that dietary supplements of arginine interfered with cyclosporine-induced immunosuppression in rats. The antagonistic effect between arginine and cyclosporine on immune suppression is worthy of further investigation in organ transplant patients.
Branch history table indexing to prevent pipeline bubbles in wide-issue superscalar processors (1993)

Even with a very accurate dynamic branch predictor, a superscalar processor must predict instruction fetch addresses no later than the first pipeline stage to avoid suffering pipeline bubbles every time a branch is taken. Unfortunately, branch addresses generally are not known prior to instruction decode. Therefore, some indirect technique is required to identify a branch instruction and enable branch prediction while the branch instruction is being fetched. This is the branch identification problem. Intel Pentium adopts a scheme that solves this problem; however, its scheme assumes an issue rate of two instructions per cycle. An aggressive superscalar processor, issuing more than two instructions per cycle, cannot effectively use that scheme. The authors propose and compare two viable schemes for solving the branch identification problem for wide-issue superscalar processors. >
Reprogramming DNA-Directed Reactions on the Basis of a DNA Conformational Change (2004)

A strategy has been developed for switching chemical reactions between two identical reagents on the basis of DNA duplex-triplex transition. In response to the change of solution pH, a DNA complex changes its conformation and repositions chemical reagents that are conjugated with DNA strands. As a result, chemical reactions are reprogrammed. This strategy is expected to be applicable to sophisticated chemical syntheses.
Time Series Simulation by Conditional Generative Adversarial Net (2020)

Generative Adversarial Net (GAN) has proved to be a powerful machine learning tool in image data analysis and generation. In this paper, we propose to use Conditional Generative Adversarial Net (CGAN) to learn and simulate time series data. The conditions include both categorical and continuous variables with different auxiliary information. Our simulation studies show that CGAN has the capability to learn different types of normal and heavy-tailed distributions, as well as dependent structures of different time series. It also has the capability to generate conditional predictive distributions consistent with training data distributions. We also provide an in-depth discussion on the rationale behind GAN and the neural networks as hierarchical splines to establish a clear connection with existing statistical methods of distribution generation. In practice, CGAN has a wide range of applications in market risk and counterparty risk analysis: it can be applied to learn historical data and generate scenarios for the calculation of Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES), and it can also predict the movement of the market risk factors. We present a real data analysis including a backtesting to demonstrate that CGAN can outperform Historical Simulation (HS), a popular method in market risk analysis to calculate VaR. CGAN can also be applied in economic time series modeling and forecasting. In this regard, we have included an example of hypothetical shock analysis for economic models and the generation of potential CCAR scenarios by CGAN at the end of the paper
Contrast Invariant Interest Point Detection by Zero-Norm LoG Filter (2015)

The Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) filter is widely used in interest point detection. However, low-contrast image structures, though stable and significant, are often submerged by the high-contrast ones in the response image of the LoG filter, and hence are difficult to be detected. To solve this problem, we derive a generalized LoG filter, and propose a zero-norm LoG filter. The response of the zero-norm LoG filter is proportional to the weighted number of bright/dark pixels in a local region, which makes this filter be invariant to the image contrast. Based on the zero-norm LoG filter, we develop an interest point detector to extract local structures from images. Compared with the contrast dependent detectors, such as the popular scale invariant feature transform detector, the proposed detector is robust to illumination changes and abrupt variations of images. Experiments on benchmark databases demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed zero-norm LoG detector in terms of the repeatability and matching score of the detected points as well as the image recognition rate under different conditions.
TECHNOLOGY Analysis of Flexspline in the Harmonic Drive System: A Review (2014)

This paper is devoted to various study based on power transmission system called harmonic gear drive, which gives the high-speed reduction & power transmission capacity. This harmonic drive provides accurate as well as precision with much less space as compared to any other power transmission drives. This paper discusses the basic working principle, various problems faces during the analysis of harmonic gear drive, meshing characteristics of the teeth with its advantages. Essential difference between harmonic drive and conventional gear drive is that flexspline in harmonic drive is flexible and the centre distances of teeth vary continuously during meshing.
Energy metabolism of adriamycin-sensitive and -resistant Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. (1996)

Respiration, glycolysis, utilization of carbon from 14C-labeled glucose and the activities of some regulatory enzymes of the Krebs cycle and glycolysis in adriamycin-sensitive (EH-WT) and -resistant (EH-ADR) Ehrlich ascites tumor cells have been investigated. The following summarizes the results: 1. Compared with wild-type cells, EH-ADR cells exhibited an enhanced rate of oxygen consumption as well as of ATP production (2-fold). 2. When the cells were supplied with glucose as the only added energy source, the aerobic lactate production was 30% higher in EH-ADR cells. However, in spite of the enhanced glycolysis, 50% of total cell ATP was still supplied by oxidative phosphorylation, whereas in EH-WT cells 65% of ATP was derived from glycolysis. 3. The activities of the regulatory enzymes were remarkably more elevated in EH-ADR cells. 4. The amount of glucose carbon atoms metabolized through the Krebs cycle and pentose phosphate pathway in EH-ADR cells was significantly higher than in EH-WT cells. 5. These differences confirmed a modified energy metabolism in resistant cells and reflected metabolic adaptations associated with the development of multidrug resistance.
[Beta-blocking drugs and anxiety. A proven therapeutic value]. (1992)

The therapeutic value of propranolol and other beta-adrenergic receptor blockers in anxiety disorders is reviewed. The potential side-effects of benzodiazepines, eg psychomotor impairment and dependance, suggest that the main indicators of these compounds are the acute anxiety states and the short term treatment of anxiety disorders requiring sedation. Thus, other psychotropic drugs may be of potential value in the treatment of these disorders. The results of the placebo-controlled studies reviewed here strongly suggest that propranolol is useful in the treatment of anxiety disorders, especially those: 1) characterized by the presence of somatic symptoms related to increased adrenergic tone; 2) of moderate intensity and/or seen in general practice; 3) of recent onset and not fulfilling DSM III criteria for specific chronic anxiety disorders. Propranolol and other beta-blockers may also be useful in the prevention of performance anxiety such as the fear of speaking in public or specific social phobias when limited in number in the same patients. Average therapeutic doses range from 20 to 40 mg, once to three times a day; the clinical efficacy of beta-blockers administered for periods longer than 4 weeks remains to be demonstrated. The potential impairment of cognitive functions by propranolol is still a matter of controversy as well as its ability to induce depressive states in predisposed patients. Furthermore, the efficacy of beta-blockers that do not cross the blood-brain barrier in the treatment of anxiety raises unresolved questions concerning the mode of action (central vs peripheric) of these medications. In short, beta-blocking agents, and especially propranolol, should be considered as potential therapeutic agents in the pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders besides benzodiazepines, antidepressant compounds and the newer azapirones, eg buspirone.
Extended Pelvic Lymphadenectomy In Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy: High Incidence Of Lymph Node Metastasis (2002)

Extended pelvic lymphadenectomy is associated with a high rate of lymph node metastasis outside of the fields of standard lymphadenectomy in cases of clinically localized prostate cancer. Lymphadenectomy including the internal iliac lymph nodes should be performed in all patients with prostate cancer who are at high risk for lymph node involvement, as indicated by PSA greater than 10.5 ng./ml. and biopsy Gleason sum 7 or greater. In the low risk group pelvic lymphadenectomy can be omitted.
在越南条件下苏联—越南和越南的杂交桑的生物形态学特征、品种动态及产叶情况(1) (1990)

为了发展越南社会主义共和国的蚕业,必须巩固桑园基地,扩大桑地面积,改善农业技术管理,以及培育出在不同季节都可栽种的高产优质抗病的桑树品种。采用综合的育种方法,获得了具有苏联和越南品种加入的55个杂交组合的桑树种子。1986年10月20日把实生苗的培育放在育种研究的苗圃进行。根据杂交组合的平均资料,具有幼苗成活率高的杂交组合,作为母本品种利用的越南品种有:保箴(幼苗成活率92.6％),保绿(86.5％),库昂比(82.7％);而作为
A controlled antibiotic release system to prevent orthopedic-implant associated infections: An in vitro study (2015)

A new device for local delivery of antibiotics is presented, with potential use as a drug-eluting fixation pin for orthopedic applications. The implant consists of a stainless steel hollow tubular reservoir packed with the desired antibiotic. Release takes place through several orifices previously drilled in the reservoir wall, a process that does not compromise the mechanical properties required for the implant. Depending on the antibiotic chosen and the number of orifices, the release profile can be tailored from a rapid release of the load (ca. 20h) to a combination of rapid initial release and slower, sustained release for a longer period of time (ca. 200h). An excellent bactericidal action is obtained, with 4-log reductions achieved in as little as 2h, and total bacterial eradication in 8h using 6-pinholed implants filled with cefazolin.
Early Onset of Hypersynchronous Network Activity and Expression of a Marker of Chronic Seizures in the Tg2576 Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease (2015)

Cortical and hippocampal hypersynchrony of neuronal networks seems to be an early event in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Many mouse models of the disease also present neuronal network hypersynchrony, as evidenced by higher susceptibility to pharmacologically-induced seizures, electroencephalographic seizures accompanied by spontaneous interictal spikes and expression of markers of chronic seizures such as neuropeptide Y ectopic expression in mossy fibers. This network hypersynchrony is thought to contribute to memory deficits, but whether it precedes the onset of memory deficits or not in mouse models remains unknown. The earliest memory impairments in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease have been observed at 3 months of age. We thus assessed network hypersynchrony in Tg2576 and non-transgenic male mice at 1.5, 3 and 6 months of age. As soon as 1.5 months of age, Tg2576 mice presented higher seizure susceptibility to systemic injection of a GABAA receptor antagonist. They also displayed spontaneous interictal spikes on EEG recordings. Some Tg2576 mice presented hippocampal ectopic expression of neuropeptide Y which incidence seems to increase with age among the Tg2576 population. Our data reveal that network hypersynchrony appears very early in Tg2576 mice, before any demonstrated memory impairments.
Control of Bax Homodimerization by Its Carboxyl Terminus (2007)

The regulated oligomerization of proteins is increasingly understood to be an important step in many cellular processes, including signaling, transcription, and protein degradation. The activity of Bax, which is essential for the completion of apoptosis, has been shown to be associated with its oligomerization: homodimerization that appears to facilitate mitochondrial permeabilization during apoptosis and heterodimerization with multidomain anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family inhibiting this process. Several domains have been identified to be crucial in the homo-/heterodimerization or oligomerization of Bax, especially the so-called Bax homology 3 domain. In this study we show that although the carboxyl terminus of Bax is not implicated in its mitochondrial localization, it has a role in the dimerization process and thus in its activity.
If You Would Have Health (2017)

"An orange a day will keep the doctor away," would be a more correct statement than is the old adage with which we are all familiar.
Cloud network architecture design patterns (2015)

During the past decade the cloud service market is one of the fastest growing segments around the world. The amount of companies that turned to the cloud has been steadily growing, since paying for a "shared" Cloud service over a given period of time reduces the capital expenditures and turned out to be better than using a dedicated hardware. This paper is focused on the architecture and the design of a shared public cloud infrastructure as a service.
The semiclassical theory of laser cooling (1986)

This paper reviews the basic theory of the mechanical action of light in resonant interaction with atoms. At present the main application is laser cooling, but the approach is applicable to a broader range of phenomena. It is based on an adiabatic elimination philosophy, which turns out to give the lowest-order quantum corrections to the behavior found when the photon momentum goes to zero. Hence it is called a semiclassical theory. In this manner a subjective but consistent approach can be presented; other treatments are incorporated or mentioned at the appropriate places. Both the classical and the quantum-mechanical approach are discussed. Those readers who wish to obtain only a heuristic overview of the phenomena can concentrate on Sec. III, which treats both the photon momentum effects and their connection with photon counting statistics. The detailed theoretical treatment utilizes Wigner functions and Fokker-Planck techniques. The ensuing theory is applied both to the cooling of free particles and trapped ones. The paper ends with an extensive bibliography, where the author lists most papers of interest for research into the mechanical manifestations of light. For completeness, many papers are included that are not explicitly mentioned in the text.
Direct methanol fuel cells for mobile applications: A strategy for the future (1999)

Direct methanol fuel cells are a promising alternative to straightforward solid polymer fuel cells (also known as PEM fuel cells) for mobile applications. This article looks at the current status of developments, and offers a strategy for future progress in this technology, as well as discussing the options for fuelling of these systems.
Spinodal-type dynamics in fractal aggregation of colloidal clusters (1992)

The aggregation of dense colloidal solutions has been investigated by means of low-angle static light scattering. We show that the scattered pattern exhibits a finite-q-vector peak, whose intensity and position ${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m}}$ change with time. We find that the intensity distributions scale according to S(q/${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m}}$,t)=${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m}}$(t${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{d}}$F(q/${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m}}$), in agreement with the scaling law for spinodal decomposition. While d=3 for spinodal decomposition, here scaling requires that d=${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{f}}$, the fractal dimension of the clusters.
Politique citoyenne en santé mentale (2002)

<titre>Résumé</titre>Pourquoi pas « Pour une politique rénovée ou plus humaine, voire moderne de la psychiatrie » ? Le titre que nous avons d’emblée retenu pour le forum des 9 et 10 octobre 2001 met en avant deux concepts : Santé mentale, donc santé, voire santé publique.
The development of the bacterial flora in normal neonates (1981)

The development of the bacterial flora of neonates during the first week of life was studied in 23 babies. Specimens of meconium or faeces were collected and swabs taken from the umbilicus and mouth on days, 1, 2, 3 and 6. The bacteria present were isolated on a variety of plain and selective media. The predominant faecal organisms by the end of the first week were anaerobes. Bifidobacteria were isolated from all the neonates and bacteroides and clostridia were isolated from 78.3%. Bifidobacteria and bacteroides were present in large numbers; other species were isolated in smaller numbers. Enterococci were isolated from all neonates, enterobacteria from 82.6%, anaerobic cocci from 52.2%, and streptococci and staphylococci from 34.8% each. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant species isolated from the umbilicus; it was isolated from 21.7% of neonates on the first day rising to 87.0% by the sixth day and represented 49% of isolates from this site. S. albus, streptococci, enterococci and Escherichia coli were each isolated from a few neonates. Viridans streptococci (31.4% of isolates) and Streptococcus salivarius (25.1%) were the commonest species recovered from the mouth. They were present from 8 h after birth; S. albus and Neisseria spp. were isolated later on the first day, and anaerobic species of Veillonella and Bifidobacterium appeared on the second day.