gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of 5‐HT receptors on human pulmonary artery and vein: functional and binding studies (1997)

1. This study aimed to investigate the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors mediating contraction of ring preparations isolated from human pulmonary arteries and veins. In functional studies, the responses to 5-HT, sumatriptan, ergotamine, serotonin-O-carboxymethyl-glycyl-tyrosinamide (SCMGT), alpha-methyl 5-HT (alpha-Me) and 2-methyl 5-HT (2-Me) were studied with WAY100635, GR127935, ritanserin, zacopride and SB204070 as antagonists. 2. All agonists produced concentration-dependent contractions of human pulmonary artery and vein preparations. The order of potency (-log ECS0 values) was ergotamine (6.88) > 5-HT (6.41) > or = SCMGT (6.20) = sumatriptan (6.19) > or = alpha-Me (6.04) in the artery, and ergotamine (7.84) > 5-HT (6.96) > sumatriptan (6.60) = alpha-Me (6.56) > SCMGT (6.09) in the vein. The potency of each agonist, except for SCMGT, was greater in vein than in artery preparations. Contractile responses to 5-HT were similar in intact and endothelium-denuded preparations but responses to sumatriptan were enhanced in artery rings without endothelium. 3. GR127935 (1 nM to 0.5 microM) produced an unsurmountable antagonism of the response to 5-HT, sumatriptan, ergotamine and SCMGT. Ritanserin (1 nM to 1 microM) also reduced the maximum contractile responses to 5-HT, ergotamine and alpha-Me in artery and vein preparations without affecting those to sumatriptan and SCMGT. In endothelium-denuded preparations, surmountable antagonism of sumatriptan by GR127935 (in the presence of ritanserin) and of alpha-Me by ritanserin (in the presence of GR127935) allowed for the calculation of the apparent pK(B) values of GR127935 (9.17+/-0.11 in artery and 9.11+/-0.05 in vein) and ritanserin (8.82+/-0.09 in artery and 8.98+/-0.12 in vein). 4. WAY100635 (1 nM to 1 microM), zacopride (1 nM to 1 microM), or SB204070 (1 nM) did not significantly alter the concentration-response curves for 5-HT, sumatriptan, ergotamine, SCMGT or 2-Me in human pulmonary artery or vein thus indicating that 5-HT1A, 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors are presumably not involved in the contractile response to these agonists. 5. Binding studies using selective radioligands for different 5-HT receptors could not detect the presence of 5-HT1A receptor binding in human pulmonary blood vessels whereas the 5-HT(1B/1D) radioligand [3H]-5CT significantly labelled a population of specific binding sites in both vessel types. The presence of 5-HT2A receptors could also be inferred from the level of binding of [3H]-ketanserin to membranes obtained from human pulmonary vessels, although significance could not be reached for arteries. 5-HT4 specific receptor binding was scarce in veins and absent in the case of arteries. 6. These findings indicate that the human pulmonary artery and vein have a mixed functional population of 5-HT(1B/1D) and 5-HT2A receptors mediating the contractile response to 5-HT which is consistent with results of the binding studies.
DSPs See Gains in Their Impact on New Medical Imaging Designs [Special Reports (2010)

Digital signal processing (DSP) is having a major impact on advancing the state of the art of medical imaging. The advantages of DSP are well established: They operate in real time, they're highly reliable, and they are very energy efficient. They're also relatively inexpensive. But the medical imaging market continues to push for more technical innovation. That's putting more focus on higher image quality and designing smaller systems.
More People Die in Summer From Fine Particulate Air Pollution Than in Winter. Associations From a Heavily Polluted Region in Western Europe (2006)

P-042 Study Objectives: Numerous studies have shown a strong association between daily mortality and small particulate air pollution (PM10), but the effects of season have not always been characterized well. We studied the shape of the association between short term mortality and PM10 across seasons and quintiles of outdoor temperature. Design, Setting, and Participants: Daily data on total (non-traumatic) mortality (n = 365,864) and outdoor temperature and PM10 in Flanders, Belgium, from January 1997 to December 2003, were analysed across warm vs cold period (April-September vs October-March) of the year, seasons and quintiles of outdoor temperature. Main Results: There was a significant (P < 0.0001) interaction between PM10 and period of the year in relation to mortality. To allow for nonlinearity, daily mean PM10 concentrations were categorized into quartiles. Season-specific PM10 quartiles showed a strong and steep linear association between mortality and PM10 in the summer, a less linear association in spring and autumn, while in the winter the association was less strong and mortality was only increased in the highest PM10 quartile. The effect sizes expressed as the percentage increase in mortality on days in the highest season-specific PM10 quartile vs the lowest season-specific PM10 quartile were 7.84% (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]: 6.13 to 9.55) in summer, 6.25% (95% CI: 4.68 to 7.82) in spring, 2.17% (95% CI: 0.58 to 3.76) in autumn and 1.43% (95% CI: 0.06 to 2.85) in winter. Conclusion: The short-term effect of particulate air pollution on mortality strongly depends on outdoor temperature, even in a temperate climate. Based on the present data, if the daily mean value of PM10 had not been exceeded 20 μg/m3, 654 deaths would not have occurred each year (109 premature deaths per 1,000,000 inhabitants per year). These premature deaths were unequally distributed over the seasons with 18 deaths per 1,000,000 inhabitants in winter, 26 in spring, 51 in summer and 14 autumn.
Fast parallel application and multiprocessor design space exploration from sequential code (2015)

When designing an application-specific multiprocessor, two key questions arise: (i) how to size the multiprocessor platform to meet application requirements with lowest area and power consumption; and (ii) how to parallelize the target application in order maximize the utilization of the platform. In this paper, we present a methodology for early joint parallel application and multiprocessor design space exploration from sequential application traces and parallelization scenarios. We describe its implementation in Parana, a fast trace-driven simulator, targeting OpenMP applications on the STMicroelectronics' STxP70 Application-Specific Multiprocessor. Results for a NAS Parallel Benchmark and two computer vision applications show an error margin of less than 10% compared to the reference cycle-approximate simulator, with lower modeling effort and one order of magnitude faster execution time.
Application specific architectures (2001)

The general purpose processor has long been the focus of intense optimization efforts that have resulted in an impressive doubling of performance every 18 months. However, recent evidence suggests that these efforts may be faltering as pipelining and ILP processing techniques experience diminishing returns. Application specific architectures hold great potential as an alternative means to continue scaling application performance. The approach works by specializing a design to a small domain of important applications, and it benefits from improved performance, greater power efficiency, and reduced area costs. This technique is well matched to embedded targets, where application domains are typically narrowIn this paper we present a case study of an application specific processor design. Our design, called the CryptoManiac processor, is an architecture specialized to efficiently execute cryptographic ciphers. We carefully highlight the domain specific application characteristics we identified and their accompanying optimizations in the CryptoManiac design. Detailed analyses of the design makes a strong case for application specific optimization. The CryptoManiac processor runs popular ciphers at twice the speed of a high-end general purpose processor, and the design renders nearly two orders-of-magnitude reduction in power consumption and area costs. Finally, we identify two key challenges that stand as barriers to wide spread adoption of application specific architectures.
Myocardial transcapillary exchange in the hypertrophied heart of the dog (1975)

Myocardial transcapillary exchange was investigated in control hearts and in two types of hypertrophied hearts: exercise hypertrophy and pathological hypertrophy due to tricuspid insufficiency. Using the single-injection indicator diffusion method (6, 28), myocardial extractions (E), capillary clearances (C), and permeability surface area products (PS) of urea, sucrose, and inulin were measured in intact, pump-perfused, working hearts of anesthetized dogs. Both types of cardiac hypertrophy were associated with a decreased coronary vascular resistance. Myocardial E, C, and PS values from the exercised group were not significantly different from control. Dogs with pathological hypertrophy exhibited increased central venous pressures, RVEDP's, and heart rates which were greater than control values. The E, C, and PS values from the pathologically hypertrophied hearts were significantly greater than control. These increases in myocardial transcapillary exchange can be explained either by increasing the equivalent pore radius of myocardial capillary membranes from a control value of 70 to 100 A or by assuming that pathologically hypertrophied hearts have a myocardial capillary surface area available for exchange which is twice that of control hearts.
Active antennas for emerging X-band RADAR applications (2018)

Active antennas traditionally employ T/R modules comprised of amplifiers, phase shifters and step attenuators. These modules are normally mounted in an orientation orthogonal to the plane of the array making the antenna bulky, heavy, and expensive to manufacture. In contrast highly integrated silicon ICs allow all electronic functions to be assembled on one side of a multilayer PCB within the lattice spacing driven by wavelength constraints. Placing planar radiating elements on the other side of this PCB allows for low cost and low weight active antennas. This paper describes two ICs developed for X-band radar applications. One of them is a highly integrated silicon IC designed in 0.13um BiCMOS technology used for beam forming and the other is a III-V IC that provides high output power for transmit function and low noise amplifier with appropriate limiting for the receive function. Both these ICs are sized such that they fit in required lattice spacing on one side of a multi-layer PCB.
Stellarators and the path from ITER to DEMO (2008)

A demonstration of fusion power, called DEMO, requires information on a number of physics issues that are addressed by non-axisymmetric shaping of the plasma. Stellarator experiments have shown that non-axisymmetric shaping provides the control needed to address the maintenance of the magnetic configuration, robustness against disruptions and restrictive upper limits on the plasma density. Shaping is the primary means of control of a toroidal fusion plasma. The importance of axisymmetric shaping is recognized and exploited. The remaining freedom is in non-axsiymmetric shaping, which has physics benefits but technical challenges. The axisymmetric vision of DEMO as a self-organized plasma with weak external control is a design choice and not a requirement. DEMO cannot be perfectly axisymmetric, so non-axisymmetric magnetic fields must be controlled. The questions are at what level, of what type and for what purpose.
Human CD8+ T Cells Damage Noninfected Epithelial Cells during Influenza Virus Infection <i>In Vitro</i> (2017)

During severe influenza A virus (IAV) infections, a large amount of damage to the pulmonary epithelium is the result of the antiviral immune response. Specifically, whilst CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells are important for killing IAV-infected cells, during a severe IAV infection, they can damage uninfected epithelial cells. At present, the mechanisms by which this occurs are unclear. Here, we used a novel in vitro coculture model of human NCl-H441 cells and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells to provide a new insight into how CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells may affect uninfected epithelial cells during severe IAV infections. Using this model, we show that human IAV-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells produce soluble factors that reduce the barrier integrity of noninfected epithelial cells (referred to as "bystander damage"). We show that this bystander damage is the result of a combination of TNF-α and IFN-γ. This bystander damage occurred in the absence of widespread epithelial cell death and was instead associated with decreased expression of epithelial cell ion channels and pumps. Together, these data suggest that ameliorating the function of epithelial cell ion channels and pumps may help reduce immunopathology during severe IAV infections.
An improved probe feed model for printed patch antennas and arrays (2003)

A moment-method solution to the problem of probe-fed microstrip antennas and arrays has been developed and applied to the case of an infinite array of rectangular microstrip patches. Comparison with experimental results indicates that this method, which fully accounts for the effect of the probe feed, is superior to methods which do not. The method is quite versatile and can be readily extended to other printed-radiator geometries.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Influences of mask width, fill factor, HCl addition and C doping on wing tilts in the epitaxial laterally overgrown GaN films by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (2002)

Crystal tilts in the epitaxial lateral overgrown (ELO) GaN region over SiO2 mask by hydride vapor phase epitaxial away from the opening region were investigated by scanning electron microscope and the four-circle x-ray diffraction method. The increased mask width and ratio of stripe opening width to stripe period (fill factor) lead to increased wing tilts. The introduction of additional HCl and C3H8/H2 can decrease wing tilts and improve the ELO GaN surface morphologies significantly. Moreover, it has been observed that a high growth rate will bring more defects and large wing tilts into the GaN materials.
Activation of Rac-1 and RhoA Contributes to Podocyte Injury in Chronic Kidney Disease (2013)

Rho-family GTPases like RhoA and Rac-1 are potent regulators of cellular signaling that control gene expression, migration and inflammation. Activation of Rho-GTPases has been linked to podocyte dysfunction, a feature of chronic kidney diseases (CKD). We investigated the effect of Rac-1 and Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibition on progressive renal failure in mice and studied the underlying mechanisms in podocytes. SV129 mice were subjected to 5/6-nephrectomy which resulted in arterial hypertension and albuminuria. Subgroups of animals were treated with the Rac-1 inhibitor EHT1846, the ROCK inhibitor SAR407899 and the ACE inhibitor Ramipril. Only Ramipril reduced hypertension. In contrast, all inhibitors markedly attenuated albumin excretion as well as glomerular and tubulo-interstitial damage. The combination of SAR407899 and Ramipril was more effective in preventing albuminuria than Ramipril alone. To study the involved mechanisms, podocytes were cultured from SV129 mice and exposed to static stretch in the Flexcell device. This activated RhoA and Rac-1 and led via TGFβ to apoptosis and a switch of the cells into a more mesenchymal phenotype, as evident from loss of WT-1 and nephrin and induction of α-SMA and fibronectin expression. Rac-1 and ROCK inhibition as well as blockade of TGFβ dramatically attenuated all these responses. This suggests that Rac-1 and RhoA are mediators of podocyte dysfunction in CKD. Inhibition of Rho-GTPases may be a novel approach for the treatment of CKD.
An improved phase-tagged stimuli generation method in steady-state visual evoked potential based brain-computer interface (2010)

This paper proposes an improved method for generating different phases of visual stimulus while liquid crystal display (LCD)/cathode ray tube (CRT) is employed as the visual stimulator. Since using the traditional method can only generate the limited frequencies and phases of visual stimulus, increasing the number of different flickering targets becomes very difficult in steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interface (BCI). The experimental result shows that the proposed method can generate the visual stimulus with more phase angles than the traditional method. In addition, the proposed LCD visual stimulator can evoke the subject's SSVEP with expected phase.
Cell cycle regulates cell type in the<i>Arabidopsis</i>sepal (2012)

The formation of cellular patterns during development requires the coordination of cell division with cell identity specification. This coordination is essential in patterning the highly elongated giant cells, which are interspersed between small cells, in the outer epidermis of the Arabidopsis thaliana sepal. Giant cells undergo endocycles, replicating their DNA without dividing, whereas small cells divide mitotically. We show that distinct enhancers are expressed in giant cells and small cells, indicating that these cell types have different identities as well as different sizes. We find that members of the epidermal specification pathway, DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1), MERISTEM LAYER1 (ATML1), Arabidopsis CRINKLY4 (ACR4) and HOMEODOMAIN GLABROUS11 (HDG11), control the identity of giant cells. Giant cell identity is established upstream of cell cycle regulation. Conversely, endoreduplication represses small cell identity. These results show not only that cell type affects cell cycle regulation, but also that changes in the cell cycle can regulate cell type.
Growth and characterization of InGaN/GaN nanocolumn LED (2006)

GaN nanocolumn (sometimes called as nanorod, nanowire, and nanopillar) is a columnar single crystalline GaN nano-crystal having small diameter of from tens to hundreds nanometers. In this paper, photoluminescence (PL) study of GaN nanocolumns and InGaN multiple quantum disks (MQDs) embedded in the GaN nanocolumns grown by RF-plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy are described. The room temperature PL peak intensity of GaN nanocolumns was several hundred times stronger than that of conventional GaN film with dislocation density of 3~5x10<sup>9</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>. Stimulated emission with very low threshold optical power density of 198~290 kW/cm<sup>2</sup> was observed for the GaN nanocolumns. InGaN MQDs also showed intense PL emission with peak wavelength of from 436 (blue) to 614 nm (red). GaN nanocolumn based light emitting diodes (LEDs) with InGaN MQD active layer were successfully fabricated on n-type (111) Si substrates. The emission color of the nanocolumn LED was varied from violet to red by changing the growth conditions of InGaN MQD active layer. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of emission spectrum of the LED emitting around 500 nm taken from whole semi-transparent top electrode area (Φ=500 μm) was 73.5 nm but from small area (Φ=3 μm) was 37.0 nm. This result suggests that emission spectrum of a single InGaN quantum disk have narrower FWHM but large area LED that contains huge number of nanocolumn LEDs have wider FWHM.
PYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THIAMINIC ACIDS (1965)

The physicochemical properties of thiaminic acid (TnA) and O-benzoylthiaminic acid (BTnA) were investigated and the following results were obtained.1. Each monohydrate crystal is relatively stable in drying in vacuo but by refluxing with ethanol, it is converted into anhydride.2. Ultraviolet absorption spectra are similar to those of thiamine disulfide and O-benzoylthiamine disulfide, respectively. The spectra vary according to pH, owing to the resonance in the pyrimidine ring. Each compound has isosbestic point at about 273mμ.3. Each compound is hardly soluble in organic solvents. Thiaminic acid is readily soluble in water, while BTnA is a little soluble at pH above the isoelectric point. However, it is hardly soluble in lower pH levels.4. Both of them are almost negative to the Dragendorff reagent and also negative for thiochrome reaction even after treatment with cysteine or thiosulfate. On paper chromatogram they can be detected by tert-butyl hypochlorite method as a violet spot. The Rf values of TnA and BTnA with n-butanol-acetic acid-water are 0.25 and 0.54, respectively. These values are a little higher than the corresponding compounds, thiamine (0.17) or O-benzoylthiamine (0.5).5. By paper electrophoresis, thiamine and O-benzoylthiamine migrate toward the cathode at pH 1.0-8.0, as a cationic form, while TnA and BTnA migrate toward the cathode at pH 1, do not move at pH 3.0-5.0, and toward the anode at pH sending its amphoteric character.6. From the pontentiometric titration curve, the apparent dissociation index was determined at 25±1°. pK1 (-SO3H) was 2.2 (TnA) and 2.3 (BTnA), and pK2 (-NH3+) was 6.2 (TnA) and 6.1 (BTnA). The isoelectric points are both at pH 4.2.7. By HCl-hydrolysis of TnA, formic acid and 2-methyl-4-amino-5-aminomethyl-pyrimidine were formed, whereas in the case of BTnA, benzoic acid was additionally formed.
[4+2] Cycloaddition Reactions between 2,4-Diamino-1-thia-3-azabutadienes and Ketene. Synthesis of New 1,3-Thiazin-6-ones, 1,3-Thiazine-6-thiones and 2-Thioxopyrimidin-4-ones (2000)

The reaction of 2,4-diamino-1-thia-3-azabutadienes with an excess of ketene afforded 2-amino-1,3-thiazin-6-ones and 2-thioxopyrimidin-4-ones by [4+2] cycloaddition reaction.Reaction between thiazabutadienes and ketene gave rise to aminothiazinones, which were sulfured by action of phosphorus pentasulfide leading to aminothiazinethiones. Furthermore, synthesis of thioxopyrimidinones starting from S-methyl salts of thiazadienes is described.
Preliminary study of acoustic protection of Ariane V fairings using layers of porous materials (2005)

International audience
Monthly Indices: A Procedure for Energy Use Display Creating Monthly Indices for Comparing the Energy Consumption of Buildings (1996)

This technical paper describes the construction of comparative monthly energy and weather indices for buildings and their usefulness in simple comparisons across sites. These graphs show monthly electric and natural gas average power levels (i.e., W/sf and Btu/hr-sf). The electricity power levels allow for the comparison of both electric demand and electricity consumption on the same graph (i.e., it is time independent). Power levels have been shown to be a useful way of displaying building energy use by MacDonald (1988) and by Haberl and Komor (1989). Other indices include Electric Load Factor (ELF), Occupancy Load Factor (OLF), and People Load Factor (PLF). ELFs are commonly used by utilities to evaluate a customers average electric load profile. OLFs and PLFs have been shown to be a useful way of determining the average monthly occupancy of a building (Landman 1996). Weather indices are also useful in determining energy use of building. Use of the energy and weather indices will help a building owner quickly decide if a building is energy efficient when compared to other buildings and if a detailed study should be performed to facilitate energy conservation measures.