gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Luminescence Quantum Efficiency of Gd and Tb in Borate Glasses and the Mechanism of Energy Transfer between Them (1972)

A study of the quantum efficiency of the luminescence of gadolinium and terbium in borate glasses and of the energy transfer between these ions is presented. From our measurements of fluorescence decay times, absorption, fluorescence, and excitation spectra, we calculated the fluorescence quantum yield of the 6P7/2 gadolinium and the 5D4 terbium levels on excitation to higher gadolinium and terbium levels, respectively. The energy transfer rates between gadolinium and terbium in borate glasses were calculated on the basis of the above measurements. These measurements were performed for gadolinium and terbium concentrations ranging from 0 to 4 wt%. Our results show that the energy transfer occurs mainly between the 6P7/2 gadolinium level and (5D0, 5H7) terbium levels and is due to a dipole-dipole interaction. It is concluded that the energy transfer between gadolinium and terbium is a phonon assisted process.
Modeling of bot usage diffusion across social networks in MMORPGs (2012)

User interactions in massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) generate social networks and diffuse user behavior throughout the network. We test the diffusion model in the adoption of a game bot among players connected via goal-oriented communities using real data provided by a major MMORPG company. In the model based on a probabilistic diffusion process, we used expectation maximization to infer the diffusion probability of game bot usage. The experimental results showed that the diffusion model can explain the spread of malicious behavior.
Strain-balanced GaAsP/InGaAs quantum well solar cells (1999)

A strain-balance multiquantum well (MQW) approach to enhance the GaAs solar cell efficiency is reported. Using a p-i-n diode structure, the strain-balanced GaAsP/InGaAs MQW is grown on a GaAs substrate and equals a good GaAs cell in terms of power conversion efficiency. The cell design is presented together with measurements of the forward bias dark current density, quantum efficiency, and 3000 K light-IV response. Cell efficiencies under standard air mass (AM) 1.5 and AM 0 illumination are projected from experimental data and the suitability of this cell for enhancing GaInP/GaAs tandem cell efficiencies is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: LUMINESCENT HETEROCYCLES, 8. SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF SOME NEW HYDROXY‐SUBSTITUTED COUMARIN‐DERIVED LASER DYES (1979)

Abstract Kondensation der Dihydroxynaphthaline (I), (IV) bzw. (VI) mit Acetessigester (II) ergibt die neuen Naph pyranone (III), (V) bzw. (VII); (VII) entsteht auch durch Reaktion von (VI) mit β‐ Amino‐crotonsäureethylester bei 180‐200°C, wobei die Ausb. 41% beträgt.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferrocene‐Appended Subporphyrins. (2011)

Abstract Two ferrocene‐appended subporphyrins (III) and (VII) are prepared.
ELECTRODYNAMIC APPROACH FOR VISUALIZATION OF SOUND PROPAGATION IN SOLIDS (2009)

The visualization of sound propagation in solids is vital for transducer adaptation and better understanding of complex test samples and their wave propagation modeling. In this work we present an electrodynamic technique detecting the grazing sound beam with a 10 mm‐sized electrodynamic probe. The particle displacement along the sample’s surface was then measured as a function of time and position. Adapting the electrodynamic probe and its coil alignment allows for measuring the displacement components in all three dimensions. Thus horizontal and vertical particle displacement with respect to the surface can be detected. A SNR of up to 40 dB could be achieved within ferromagnetic and high conductive chrome steel when using a shear wave generated by an angle beam probe. When dealing with nonconductive materials such as PMMA we obtained a reduced SNR of 12 dB. We report on measurements of the sound field in complex weld joints. One example shows a narrow gap weld joining a nickel alloy with a chrome steel. The weld of the 80 mm‐thick test block shows a distinct anisotropic texture. The system enables us to visualize the wave propagation within the weld and indicates the reflection and scattering scenario and the energy losses due to both the anisotropic structure and material defects.
Orthoamide, XXIII<sup>1)</sup> Umsetzungen von Orthoamidderivaten mit Verbindungen der Struktur X–CH<sub>2</sub>–CH<sub>2</sub>–Y (1972)

Abstract Die Bis‐dialkylamino‐alkoxy‐methane (Aminalester) 1a, b, d und Trimorpholino‐methan (Amidaminal, 5 ) reagieren mit Verbindungen der Struktur X–CH 2 –CH 2 –Y, wobei X und Y elektronenanziehende Gruppen darstellen, unter Abspaltung von Alkohol und Dialkylamin zu den Mono‐ und Bis‐dialkylaminomethylen‐Verbindungen 3 bzw. 4 .
Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of target cathodes in the system Ti-Ta-C-Ca3(PO4)2 for the ion-plasma deposition of multifunctional tissue-compatible nanostructured coatings (2007)

We present the results of investigations of synthesis in a burning mode of tissue-compatible compact composition materials of tantalum-containing target cathodes (Ti, Ta)Cx + Ca3(PO4)2 obtained by forced SHS compaction from a Ti + Ta + C + Ca3(PO4)2 mixture and assigned to the ion-plasma deposition of nanostructured tissue-compatible coatings. The effect of the amount of additives of the tantalum-carbon mixture with respect to the weight of the starting charge is investigated. Regularities of phase formation and structural formation in synthetic products are analyzed. A new and important feature is that there is no dependence of the burning velocity and temperature on the relative fraction of the Ta + C mixture. In the temperature profiles, two characteristic peaks of heat release were detected. These peaks indicate that parallel and sequential chemical reactions of the formation of titanium and tantalum carbides proceed. The growth of the relative fraction of the Ta + C mixture led to modification of the carbide structure, to an increase in the residual porosity, and to a considerable increase in hardness.
Diabetes in Control: A Web Site for Medical Professionals: Dosing Error with New Taxotere Concentration: Mix-up between PPD and Polio Vaccine (2011)

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
The design, fabrication, and evaluation of a silicon junction field-effect photodetector (1973)

A new device for photodetection is introduced in this study that is capable of responsivities comparable to devices operating in the charge-storage mode. Since the physical process involved corresponds to a photodiode in series with a high value of resistance, the device operates in real time and hence avoids the problems of switching encountered in the charge-storage mode at low light levels. The device utilizes this physical process in a new technique that significantly reduces the required surface area. Although the junction field-effect transistor (FET) serves as the prototype for the device, considerations for improving the magnitude of the output response and its linearity along with the responsivity-bandwidth product lead to a device having a very low transconductance <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">_{m}</tex> and a large cutoff voltage V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GC</inf> . Field-effect photodetectors fabricated in accordance with the principles developed for optimum photodetection are evaluated. Epitaxial silicon of conventional doping was used in the fabrication. The devices are found to exhibit the photodetecting characteristics expected from theoretical considerations. A simple two-lump approximation of the distributed gate-channel interface is found to adequately describe the frequency response of the devices. In contrast to the area-independent responsivity of the charge-storage mode, it is shown that the responsivity of the field-effect photodetector is proportional to the square of the device surface area. Depending upon the illumination level and the deviation from linearity that is tolerable, this area dependence presents one of the fundamental drawbacks of the field-effect photodetector for applition in dense arrays.
Sulfonate derived phosphoramidates as active intermediates in the enzymatic primer-extension of DNA (2015)

Novel unnatural 5'-phosphoramidate nucleosides, capable of being processed as substrates by DNA polymerases for multiple nucleotide incorporations, have been designed. The mimics feature metabolites such as taurine and a broad range of aliphatic sulfonates coupled through a P-N bond to the 5'-phosphate position of deoxynucleotides, to allow binding interactions in the enzyme active site. The utility of all of the analogues as pyrophosphate mimics was demonstrated for the chain elongation of DNA, using both thermophilic and mesophilic microbial polymerases.
Advanced Technology Development Program for Lithium-Ion Batteries: Gen 2 Performance Evaluation Final Report (2006)

The Advanced Technology Development Program has completed performance testing of the second generation of lithium-ion cells (i.e., Gen 2 cells). The 18650-size Gen 2 cells, with a baseline and variant chemistry, were distributed over a matrix consisting of three states-of-charge (SOCs) (60, 80, and 100% SOC), four temperatures (25, 35, 45, and 55°C), and three life tests (calendar-, cycle-, and accelerated-life). The calendar- and accelerated-life cells were clamped at an open-circuit voltage corresponding to the designated SOC and were subjected to a once-per-day pulse profile. The cycle-life cells were continuously pulsed using a profile that was centered around 60% SOC. Life testing was interrupted every four weeks for reference performance tests (RPTs), which were used to quantify changes in cell degradation as a function of aging. The RPTs generally consisted of C1/1 and C1/25 static capacity tests, a low-current hybrid pulse power characterization test, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The rate of cell degradation generally increased with increasing test temperature, and SOC. It was also usually slowest for the calendar-life cells and fastest for the accelerated-life cells. Detailed capacity-, power-, and impedance-based performance results are reported.
Wettability of Fluorosilicone Surfaces (2001)

Radio frequency plasma treatment of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a useful way of increasing wettability to improve adhesion. Its main defect is the subsequent rapid recovery of hydrophobicity. The fluorosilicone polymethyltrifluoropropylsiloxane (PMTFPS) is another low surface energy silicone where improved wettability is often desired. We have directly compared the behavior of PMTFPS and PDMS using air, oxygen, helium and argon plasma gases. The effect of the plasma has been investigated by water contact angle changes and by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) surface characterization. Both an unfilled PMTFPS gum and a filled elastomer were examined. PMTFPS is affected in much the same way as PDMS, an oxidized silica-like surface region is produced. This is shown by the shift in the high resolution Si 2p spectra to higher binding energy which is most marked in the case of helium treatment. Significant improvements in water wettability occur with helium treatment having the greatest effect but the hydrophobic recovery is mostly complete within 24 hours in all cases. Multiple treatments followed by water storage are effective in maintaining wettability for at least a week.
Supra–Horizontal‐Branch Stars and Population Gradients in the Galactic Center Globular Cluster NGC 6522 (1998)

We have imaged the core of NGC 6522 and an adjacent field 1' north in the U and B passbands using the (pre-COSTAR) HST Planetary Camera. We find 13 stars located 1.5 mag above the horizontal branch. These supra-horizontal-branch (SHB) stars have not been noted previously in NGC 6522, although they occur in other globular clusters. The SHB stars' radial distribution appears to be similar to those of the red giants. There are indications that the NGC 6522 core red giants are depleted relative to the horizontal branch stars. The SHB stars may be evolved blue horizontal-branch stars, the tidally stripped cores of red giants, or evolved blue stragglers. There is also a well-populated horizontal branch with a large number of very blue stars; in these passbands the overall color-magnitude diagram resembles that of the core collapse cluster M15.
Statically Charged Electret Polymers as Solid, Nonvolatile Gates Encapsulating and Tuning Polymer Thermoelectric Parameters (2016)

We report the first example of a free-standing charged electret gate associated with a thermoelectric material. Hydrophilic polymers, the commercially available fluorocarbon polymer Novec and a cross-linked polystyrene, were charged before and after deposition of the prototypical thiophene semiconducting polymer poly(bisdodecylquaterthiophene) (PQT12), respectively. Conductivity and Seebeck coefficient were measured. The charging modulated both parameters with the expected inverse dependences on charging-induced static voltage. A tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ)-doped sample and the polystyrene sample displayed Seebeck coefficients close to predictions of a general model recently proposed for polymer thermoelectrics. The freestanding gate is a possible approach to modulating polymer thermoelectrics without disrupting intermolecular packing or applying gate voltages during operation.
Design and Implementation of a Comprehensive Insider Threat Ontology (2019)

We describe the development and envisioned use case applications of a comprehensive insider threat ontology—“Sociotechnical and Organizational Factors for Insider Threat” (SOFIT)—that comprises more than 300 indicators of technical, behavioral, and organizational factors. Requirements, design, and engineering development for the Web Ontology Language (OWL) implementation of the SOFIT knowledge base are reviewed; additional relationships among constructs are defined that extend the representation beyond a simple taxonomic hierarchy and that enable inferences for qualitative and quantitative threat assessment. We show how queries may be constructed to support these inferences and threat assessments. Several major application concepts are reviewed to show how the ontology may be used by the insider threat research and operational communities. To this end, the SOFIT knowledge base may be shared with stakeholders to advance research and practice for proactive insider threat mitigation.
Liver X receptor agonist treatment reduced splanchnic ischemia and reperfusion injury (2009)

LXR is another member of the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors that heterodimerizes with RXR and regulates the intracellular levels of cholesterol through gene induction of enzymes and proteins involved in the cholesterol metabolism and transport. LXR ligands inhibit the gene expression of proinflammatory mediators in immunostimulated macrophages; in vivo studies have shown that activation of LXR reduces the inflammatory response in a murine model of contact dermatitis and atherosclerosis. No reports have addressed a role for LXRs in pathophysiology of intestinal ischemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of T0901317, a potent LXR ligand, in a mouse model of SAO shock, which was induced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery and the celiac trunk, resulting in a total occlusion of these arteries for 30 min. After this period of occlusion, the clamps were removed. Mice were killed at 60 min after reperfusion. This study provides the evidence that T0901317, LXR agonist, modulates: the development of SAO shock; the infiltration of the tissue with PMNs; the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta; the nitration of tyrosine residues; NF-kappaB expression; the MAPK phosphorylation (ERK, JNK, and p38); FasL; apoptosis; Bax and Bcl-2 expression; and the degree of tissue injury caused by SAO shock. Our results imply that LXR agonists may be useful in the therapy of inflammation.
Analysis of the fuel adhering to a model engine cylinder by using time series LIF methods (2012)

The purpose of this research is to determine an absolute measurement of the thickness of adhered fuel and amount of fuel spray in a model engine. To improve the accuracy of thickness measurements, use of the ratio of fluorescence intensities is proposed. An improved LIF (Laser Induced Fluorescence) method which uses the ratio of fluorescence intensity I/I ref (I: fluorescence intensity, Iref : fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent plate), is proposed and measurements were attempted. This technique can correct the influence of unequal light source intensity distribution. The proposed LIF method with high speed video camera was applied to measure the fuel adhesion thickness in a model engine cylinder. Each frame of the video images was successfully converted to a fuel thickness distribution. As a result, the behavior of fuel adhesion was evaluated by the proposed method. The adhered fuel thickness distribution and the amount due to the difference in injection conditions are presented in time series.
Preclinical Evaluation of Human Hematolymphoid Function in the SCID‐hu Mouse (1991)

Work in the SCID-hu system has progressed significantly over the past 3-4 years. Reliable SCID-hu constructs can now be created for the evaluation of long-term multilineage human hematopoiesis, human immune function, and HIV infection of human hematolymphoid organs in vivo. Given these constructs, a variety of therapeutically important modalities can now be discovered and developed with a relevant in vivo model, prior to the time that they are moved into the clinic. With further progress in this and other preclinical models, useful therapies for important human disease states will hopefully be forthcoming at an even faster pace.
Cloud speed sensor (2013)

Abstract. Changing cloud cover is a major source of solar radiation variability and poses challenges for the integration of solar energy. A compact and economical system that measures cloud motion vectors to estimate power plant ramp rates and provide short term solar irradiance forecasts is presented. The Cloud Speed Sensor (CSS) is constructed using an array of luminance sensors and high-speed data acquisition to resolve the progression of cloud passages across the sensor footprint. An embedded microcontroller acquires the sensor data and uses a cross-correlation algorithm to determine cloud motion vectors. The CSS was validated against an artificial shading test apparatus, an alternative method of cloud motion detection from ground measured irradiance (Linear Cloud Edge, LCE), and a UC San Diego Sky Imager (USI). The CSS detected artificial shadow directions and speeds to within 15 and 6% accuracy, respectively. The CSS detected (real) cloud directions and speeds without average bias and with average weighted root mean square difference of 22° and 1.9 m s−1 when compared to USI and 33° and 1.5 m s−1 when compared to LCE results.
Studies on Electrochemical Oxidation of Nonaqueous Electrolytes Using In Situ FTIR Spectroscopy: I . The Effect of Type of Electrode on On‐Set Potential for Electrochemical Oxidation of Propylene Carbonate Containing 1.0 mol dm−3 (1995)

Studies on Electrochemical Oxidation of Nonaqueous Electrolytes Using In Situ FTIR Spectroscopy: I . The Effect of Type of Electrode on On‐Set Potential for Electrochemical Oxidation of Propylene Carbonate Containing 1.0 mol dm−3 LiClO4 , Kanamura, Kiyoshi, Toriyama, Shigetaka, Shiraishi, Soshi, Takehara, Zen‐ichiro
Tapered silicon core fibers with nano-spikes for optical coupling via spliced silica fibers (2017)

Reported here is the fabrication of tapered silicon core fibers possessing a nano-spike input that facilitates their seamless splicing to conventional single mode fibers. A proof-of-concept 30 µm cladding diameter fiber-based device is demonstrated with nano-spike coupling and propagation losses below 4 dB and 2 dB/cm, respectively. Finite-element-method-based simulations show that the nano-spike coupling losses could be reduced to below 1 dB by decreasing the cladding diameters down to 10 µm. Such efficient and robust integration of the silicon core fibers with standard fiber devices will help to overcome significant barriers for all-fiber nonlinear photonics and optoelectronics.
Improved Extrudability of High Strength Alloys Using an Optimization Method Based on a Combination of Experiments and FEM Software (2013)

Numerical analysis of the material flow during the extrusion process for high alloyed variants of the AA 6xxx series is presented in this paper. The analysis was performed by using the commercial FE code Forge2011 ® . Another issue considered in the paper was an interrelation between the die geometry and the critical extrusion process variables. For optimization of the die exit geometry, the model was produced with the use of linked equation in SolidWorks® combined with Mode FRONTIER. Several extrusion trials were performed to provide a basis for the verification of simulation results as extrusion temperature, speed and force. For the purpose, rods of a model alloy designated as AlMgSi4, based on an industrial AA6082 aluminium alloy with significantly higher silicon content, were extruded. A good correlation between measured and calculated results was obtained. This approach may enable simplifying when dealing with design of a new alloy.
IRON TETRAKIS (<i>N</i>-METHYL-4'-PYRIDYL) PORPHYRINATO (FeTMPyP) IS A POTENT SCAVENGING ANTIOXIDANT AND AN INHIBITOR OF STIMULANT-INDUCED NF-?B ACTIVATION OF RAW 264.7 MACROPHAGES (2001)

Metalloporphyrins have been shown to be protective in oxidative stress models. However, the molecular basis for the antioxidative and antiinflammatory activities of iron tetrakis (N-methyl-4'-pyridyl) porphyrinato (FeTMPyP) is not known. The objective of this study was to determine whether FeTMPyP exhibited the ability to (1) scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), (2) inhibit the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), or (3) block the production of interleukin 1 (IL-1) in RAW 264.7 cultured macrophages. The results indicate that FeTMPyP is a potent scavenger of hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion radicals, and an effective inhibitor of stimulant-induced NF-kappaB activation and IL-1 production by RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore, FeTMPyP may be a useful tool to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in stimulant-induced signal pathways, and may possess therapeutic utility in diseases associated with overproduction of ROS.