gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidation of Silicon Nitride in Wet Air and Effect of Lutetium Disilicate Coating (2005)

Oxidation behavior of silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) was investigated in flowing air (2.45 cm/s) containing 10%–50% H 2 O at a total pressure of 1.8–10 atm at 1300°–1500°C for 100 h. The oxidation of Si 3 N 4 progressed with volatilization of the SiO 2 scale; it was more enhanced at a high partial pressure of H 2 O rather than at high temperature. The total pressure had little effect on the oxidation. In order to avoid the oxidation, Si 3 N 4 substrate was coated with lutetium disilicate (Lu 2 Si 2 O 7 ) layer through the intermediate SiO 2 ‐rich phase. While the coating layer well suppressed the oxidation in case of small amount of water vapor, it was not sufficiently effective to suppress the oxidation when the water vapor was rich. SiO 2 volatilization was observed between the layer and substrate. The flexural strength of the coated Si 3 N 4 at room temperature was somewhat increased after the oxidation in wet air, while that of the uncoated one was almost unchanged. This increase was attributable to crack healing of the substrate during the oxidation.
Nick translation—a new assay for monitoring dna damage and repair in cultured human fibroblasts (1985)

An in vitro assay has been developed to detect DNA damage and repair following chemical treatment of human diploid fibroblasts. DNA damage is measured by following the Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I-catalyzed incorporation of radiolabeled deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) into the DNA of lysolecithin-permeabilized cells. DNA strand breaks with free 3' OH termini serve as template sites for incorporation, and decrease of this incorporation with time, following removal of the test chemical, indicates loss (repair) of initial damage. Inhibition of the DNA excision repair process by the addition of the repair inhibitors arabinofuranosyl cytosine (ara-C) and hydroxyurea (HU) during the incubation period gives rise to an increased number of template sites, manifesting itself in increased incorporation and indicating the induction of long-patch excision repair. This nick translation assay, originally proposed by Nose and Okamoto [1983], is very sensitive, allows detection and quantitation of both DNA damage and repair, distinguishes between various types of induced damage, does not require radioactive prelabeling of cells, and circumvents some of the problems inherent in unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assays. The assay is also useful in detecting those agents that inhibit replicative DNA synthesis and/or the excision repair process. Results presented demonstrate that all 14 direct-acting carcinogens tested and 8 of 14 carcinogens requiring metabolic activation give positive indication of DNA damage, repair, or both. Eleven of 14 noncarcinogens tested were scored as negative, the other 3 having previously been shown to interact with cellular DNA. This assay is shown to have predictive capability at least equal to that of UDS assays but to allow a broader spectrum of genotoxic effects to be analyzed.
Modular Engine Noise Component Prediction System (MCP) Technical Description and Assessment Document (2013)

This report describes an empirical prediction procedure for turbofan engine noise. The procedure generates predicted noise levels for several noise components, including inlet- and aft-radiated fan noise, and jet-mixing noise. This report discusses the noise source mechanisms, the development of the prediction procedures, and the assessment of the accuracy of these predictions. Finally, some recommendations for future work are presented.
Issues and Challenges in Human Performance Modeling in Aviation: Goals, Advances, and Gaps (2008)

As in many areas in Human Factors, human performance modeling has a long history in the aviation community. The real-time dynamism and safety criticality of the domain calls for the most advanced tools possible, and also provides a strong testbed for any modeling formalism Recent work has demonstrated significant advances in this field in the last decade, both in terms of applications to aviation and in terms of the domain pushing back and advancing the state of the art in modeling. Despite these advances, however, there is still a gap between even the most advanced models and engineering practice. In this panel, we intend to discuss all of these aspects of human performance modeling in aviation.
Umwandlungsverhalten und Anlaßbeständigkeit von Stählen mit sonderkarbidbildenden Legierungselementen, dargestellt am Beispiel eines Vanadinstahles (1950)

Umwandlungsverhalten eines Stahles mit rd. 0,35% C und 2% V. Ausscheidungshärtung bei einem perlitartigen Austenitzerfall. Vergleich der Karbidphasen nach Umwandlung in der Zwischenstufe und Anlassen des Martensits: Unterschiede in den Mischkristallphasen. Kohlenstoffanreicherung im Restaustenit bis zu 2%. Nachprüfung an anderen Stählen.
Crustal structure from the Hecataeus Rise to the Levantine Basin, eastern Mediterranean, from seismic refraction and gravity modelling (2015)

In 2010, a wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction profile was acquired along the Hecataeus Rise, an area of shallow seabed immediately south of Cyprus in the eastern Mediterranean. The profile crossed from the Hecataeus Rise, through the Cyprus Arc to the Levantine Basin beyond. Due to the short length of the profile and the corresponding lack of deep ray coverage, velocity modelling was complemented by gravity modelling to gain constraints on deep crustal structure. The resultant model reveals velocities for the Hecataeus Rise that show no evidence of shallow ophiolites like those seen on mainland Cyprus, and the velocities are not diagnostic of a unique crustal affinity. Low-velocity sediments make up at least 7 km of the upper structure of Hecataeus Rise and these sediments overlie a two-layered crust. From the gravity modelling, the combined sediments and crust of Hecataeus Rise appear to be thinner than the Eratosthenes Seamount block to the southwest. A high-velocity lower crustal block is modelled under the seaward edge of Hecataeus Rise and, based on the gravity modelling, is inferred to extend landwards beneath the Rise. Similar high-velocity blocks were identified on the southwestern edge of Hecataeus Rise along nearby refraction lines and were interpreted as remnant Tethyan oceanic crust, foundered in the Cyprus Arc, along which subduction has ceased in this area. Given the thin two-layered crust beneath a thick accumulation of sediments modelled for Hecataeus Rise, we interpret that Hecataeus Rise represents a collage of oceanic fragments, accreted together within the failed subduction zone. Outboard of the crust of Hecataeus Rise, a 5-km deep low-velocity basin, possibly an accretionary wedge, is imaged that appears to correspond with the Cyprus Arc deformation zone imaged on both coincident and along-strike seismic reflection lines. A similar and wider feature is observed on seismic refraction lines to the west and combined, these may be revealing an eastward tapering zone of crustal deformation. To the south of the profile, the Levantine Basin appears undisturbed by the collision to the north and exhibits a uniform and homogeneous velocity structure.
Quadratic spatial soliton generation by seeded downconversion of a strong harmonic pump beam: errata (2001)

Two-dimensional quadratic spatial solitons were generated experimentally near phase-matching conditions for type II frequency doubling in KTP by the seeding of a strong second-harmonic field with a weak input at the fundamental wavelength. The self-trapped beams were shown to be insensitive to the energy, phase, and polarization of the fundamental-frequency seed input beam.
La Danse De L'Albatros, Phoebetria Fusca (1981)

La parade nuptiale de l'albatros fuligineux a dos sombre (Phoebetria fusca) est particulierement complexe. Des etudes paralleles d'ecologie et d'ethologie sont menees depuis cinq annees. Les elements des danses notes sur le terrain ont subi un traitement informatique. L'analyse factorielle des correspondances montre que le vocabulaire est sexue, qu'il s'agit d'un dialogue puisque chaque oiseau tient compte de ce qu'a exprime son partenaire auparavant et change de vocabulaire en changeant de partenaire, que des niveaux de langage apparaissent au fur et a mesure que les deux partenaires se connaissent mieux. A partir de l'etude des successions d'actes, nous avons pu proposer une fonction biologique pour les differentes attitudes et l'ensemble de la danse.
Throughput analysis of the IEEE 802.4 token bus standard under heavy load (1987)

It has become clear in the last few years that there is a trend towards integrated digital services. Parallel to the development of public Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is service integration in the local area (e.g., a campus, a building, an aircraft). The types of services to be integrated depend very much on the specific local environment. However, applications tend to generate data traffic belonging to one of two classes. According to IEEE 802.4 terminology, the first major class of traffic is termed synchronous, such as packetized voice and data generated from other applications with real-time constraints, and the second class is called asynchronous which includes most computer data traffic such as file transfer or facsimile. The IEEE 802.4 token bus protocol which was designed to support both synchronous and asynchronous traffic is examined. The protocol is basically a timer-controlled token bus access scheme. By a suitable choice of the design parameters, it can be shown that access delay is bounded for synchronous traffic. As well, the bandwidth allocated to asynchronous traffic can be controlled. A throughput analysis of the protocol under heavy load with constant channel occupation of synchronous traffic and constant token-passing times is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved and Practical Sharpless Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to the Carboxylic Acids. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Detecting relay attacks in RFID systems using physical layer characteristics (2013)

Relay attacks are powerful attacks, since they are easy to set-up and can be performed with very limited resources. Furthermore this type of attack is very hard to detect. This paper proposes a novel approach to defend against amplify and forward relay attacks. The proposed scheme detects relaying attackers by measuring the noise statistic variations. Such information can be collected using the existing Radio-Frequency (RF) front-end equipments, without modifying the protocol and without additional hardware. A campaign of measurements using a contactless RFID system has been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that this new scheme is practical and can be used to detect relay attacks.
Über Reaktionen mit Pyrophosphoryltetrafluorid (1967)

Abstract Es wird der Einfluß nucleophiler Reagenzien auf P 2 O 3 F 4 untersucht und über eine neue Methode zur Spaltung von —Me—X—Me‐Verbindungen (X = O, NH und NCN) berichet. Auf diese Weise wurden hergestellt: POF 3 , POF 2 CI, HOPOF 2 , POF 2 NCO, C 2 H 5 OPOF 2 , (CH 3 ) 3 SiOPOF 2 , H 2 NPOF 2 , (C 4 H 9 ) 3 SnOPOF 2 und Si(OPOF 2 ) 4 . IR‐und NMR‐Daten der Verbindungen werden angegeben. Durch Reaktion von CISO 2 NCO mit HOPOF 2 kann P 2 O 3 F 4 gewonnen werden.
Risk Factors for Meningitis After Transsphenoidal Surgery (1997)

To evaluate possible risk factors for meningitis, we retrospectively reviewed 228 transsphenoidal operations (in which a standard regimen of amoxicillin prophylaxis was used) for sellar pathology. The incidence of meningitis was 3.1% (seven of 228 cases). Cultures of preoperative specimens from the anterior nasal vestibule in three of seven patients yielded Staphylococcus aureus, but none of these patients developed S. aureus meningitis. Two of three patients with significant preoperative paranasal sinus abnormalities developed meningitis compared with only five of 225 patients without significant paranasal sinus abnormalities (P < .005). Three of 22 patients with intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage developed meningitis compared with four of 206 patients without intraoperative CSF leakage (P < .05). Six of seven patients with postoperative CSF rhinorrhea and only one of 221 patients without postoperative CSF rhinorrhea developed meningitis (P < .00001). In conclusion, postoperative CSF leakage is an important risk factor for meningitis after transsphenoidal surgery. Cultures of preoperative specimens from the anterior nasal vestibule did not have any predictive value in our study.
Arbitrary Bending Plasmonic Light Waves (2014)

We demonstrate the generation of self-accelerating surface plasmon beams along arbitrary caustic curvatures. These plasmonic beams are excited by free-space beams through a two-dimensional binary plasmonic phase mask, which provides the missing momentum between the two beams in the direction of propagation and sets the required phase for the plasmonic beam in the transverse direction. We examine the cases of paraxial and nonparaxial curvatures and show that this highly versatile scheme can be designed to produce arbitrary plasmonic self-accelerating beams. Several different plasmonic beams, which accelerate along polynomial and exponential trajectories, are demonstrated both numerically and experimentally, with a direct measurement of the plasmonic light intensity using a near-field scanning optical microscope.
Thermodynamic considerations for the design of and ligand recognition by non-covalent molecularly imprinted polymers (1995)

Thermodynamic considerations for the design of and ligand recognition by non-covalent molecularly imprinted polymers
δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Based Herbicides and Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis Modulators (1994)

Tetrapyrrole-dependent photodynamic herbicides (TDPH) are compounds which force green plants to accumulate undesirable amounts of metabolic intermediates of the chlorophyll and heme biosynthetic pathways, namely tetrapyrroles. In the light the accumulated tetrapyrroles photosensitize the formation of singlet oxygen which kills the treated plants by oxidation of their cellular membranes. Tetrapyrrole-dependent photodynamic herbicides usually consist of a 5-carbon amino acid, δ-aminolevulinic acid, the precursor of all tetrapyrroles in plant and animal cells, and one of several chemicals referred to as modulators. δ-Aminolevulinic acid and the modulators act in concert. The amino acid serves as a building block of tetrapyrrole accumulation, while the modulator alters quantitatively and qualitatively the pattern of tetrapyrrole accumulation. The tetrapyrrole-dependent connotation is meant to differentiate between this class of photodynamic herbicides and other light activated herbicides such as paraquat which are not dependent on tetrapyrrole metabolism for herbicidal activity. During the past nine years, the scope of TDPH research has expanded considerably, as some established herbicides and a plethora of new compounds which act via the TDPH phenomenon have been discovered.
Photoluminescence studies of silicon-on-insulator substrates formed by oxygen implantation (1988)

Photoluminescence spectroscopy has been used to study silicon-on-insulator substrates formed by oxygen implantation. Samples having post-implantation anneals at 1200 and 1300 °C were investigated. The dislocation-related D-line emission is observed in all the samples, but with lower intensity in the samples annealed at the higher temperature, indicative of their superior crystal quality. Group V contaminants in some samples were identified from their excitonic emission. Additional low-temperature anneals at 450 and 750 °C significantly increased the intensity of the excitonic emission from the samples, and in addition, emission from thermal donors was also observed.
Adverse Consequences of Increased Intra-abdominal Pressure on Bowel Tissue Oxygen (1995)

Increased IAP produces significant decreases in bowel submucosal TPO2 without similar changes in extra-abdominal (subcutaneous) TPO2. This decline is dependent on the extent and duration of the elevation in IAP. Readily accessible parameters, such as CO and Svo2, also decline with increased IAP and may be useful variables to monitor as relative indicators of bowel hypoperfusion and TPO2.
Numerical research of the radiation of the UWB antenna array (2008)

Applying the electromagnetic numerical method, the radiation characteristic in time domain of the electric-magnetic vibrator combined ultrawideband (UWB) antenna array was investigated. The power pattern and radiated character on main axis of different arrays structure and space were analyzed. The coupling between the antenna units was estimated through comparing it with no-coupling model. The results indicate that the electric-magnetic vibrator combined UWB antenna array can improve antenna direction and radiated character on main axis.
Biomolecular Engineering I: Biotechnology (2009)

Understand the concepts of drug effectiveness and toxicity, the limitations of some of the simplest methods of drug administration, and the need for controlled delivery systems that optimize therapy for a particular drug.
Minor isozymes tailor yeast metabolism to carbon availability (2018)

Abstract Isozymes are enzymes that differ in sequence but catalyze the same chemical reactions. Despite their apparent redundancy, isozymes are often retained over evolutionary time for reasons that can be unclear. We find that, in yeast, isozymes are strongly enriched in central carbon metabolism. Using a gene expression compendium, we find that many isozyme pairs show anticorrelated expression during the respirofermentative shift, suggesting roles in adapting to changing carbon availability. Building on this observation, we assign function to two minor central carbon isozymes, aconitase 2 ( ACO2 ) and pyruvate kinase 2 ( PYK2 ). ACO2 is expressed during fermentation and proves advantageous when glucose is limiting. PYK2 is expressed during respiration and proves advantageous for growth on three-carbon substrates. PYK2 ’s deletion is rescued by expressing the major pyruvate kinase, but only if that enzyme carries mutations mirroring PYK2 ’s allosteric regulation. Thus, central carbon isozymes enable more precise tailoring of metabolism to changing nutrient availability. Importance Gene duplication is one of the main evolutionary drivers of new protein function. However, some gene duplicates have nevertheless persisted long-term without apparent divergence in biochemical function. Further, under standard lab conditions, many isozymes have subtle or no knockout phenotypes. These factors make it hard to assess the unique contributions of individual isozymes to fitness. We therefore developed a method to identify experimental perturbations that could expose such contributions, and applied it to yeast gene expression data, revealing a potential role for a set of yeast isozymes in adapting to changing carbon sources. Our experimental confirmation of distinct roles for two “minor” yeast isozymes, including one with no previously described knockout phenotype, highlight that even apparently redundant paralogs can have important and unique functions, with implications for genome-scale metabolic modeling and systems-level studies of quantitative genetics.
Effect of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Concentration on Compressive Strength of Alkali-Activated Slag (AAS) Mortars (2015)

Energy saving in building technology is among the most critical problems in the world. Thus it is a need to develop sustainable alternatives to conventional concrete utilizing more environmental friendly materials. One of the possibilities to work out is the massive usage of industrial wastes like ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) to turn them to useful environmental friendly and technologically advantageous cementitious materials. In this study, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is used to produce of alkali activated slag (AAS) mortar with the effect of alkaline activator concentration. Alkali activated slag (AAS) mortar is accelerated using alkaline solution of sodium silicate mixed with sodium hydroxide. The fixed ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide is 1.7 and the concentration of sodium hydroxide is varied from 6M to 12M. Concentration of 10M NaOH promotes the best properties of mortar by achieving the greatest compressive strength. Substitution of mineral admixture also influences strength performance of AAS mortars. The mortar with 20% calcium carbonate demonstrates the maximum compressive strength. The used of alkaline activation system is the best method to prepare industrial byproduct concrete. Moreover, alkali activated product itself gains superior properties which lead to the system become the most interesting method to produce sustainable concrete.
Gold, electron microscopy, and cancer therapy. (1995)

Radioactive gold has properties suitable for radiotherapy and can provide lethal irradiation to cells. If the gold is conjugated to a targeting molecule, such as an antibody, it may be possible to specifically deliver the dose to tumor cells. Various gold particles are possible candidates and include gold colloids with adsorption of antibodies or gold clusters with covalent attachment. Different sizes of gold particles are available and some may be preferred for certain situations. Problems with intravenous injection and in vivo delivery are numerous, and a more tractable application is the direct instillation into the urinary bladder of radiogold immunoconjugates to treat superficial bladder carcinoma. Preliminary studies indicate the feasibility of this approach.
Real-time computer-based torque measurement of switched reluctance motors (2002)

Accurate knowledge of the electromagnetic torque behaviour and characteristics of the switched reluctance motor (SRM) is crucial for its research, development and applications. However, few methods of measuring torque for the SRM have previously been developed. Those known are either quite inaccurate or have the disadvantages of being too time and resource exhaustive. This paper proposes a semi-automated method of measuring the torque characteristics of the SRM. The measurement system developed not only provides a convenient way of obtaining highly accurate torque characteristics from the SRM but is performed at low cost. The measuring scheme was developed under a graphical programming environment and a PC-based real-time system. The details of the method, the experimental results and an error analysis are presented in the paper.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for Synthesis of Five‐Membered Carbocycles: Use of the Ester Enolate Rearrangement in Conjunction with Radical Cyclization. (1986)

Abstract Aus den Cycloalkenolen (I) und dem Phenylselenobutyrylchlorid (II) erhält man die Carbonsäureester (III), die über eine Umlagerung zu den Cycloalkenyl‐substituierten Silylestern (IV) führen.
Designing thin film multilayers for colored glazed thermal collectors (2004)

Note: EPFL Reference LESO-PB-CONF-2004-006 Record created on 2005-01-12, modified on 2016-08-08