gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The pivotal role of p53 in doxorubicin‐induced acute versus chronic cardiotoxicity (2013)

We examined the role of p53 in doxorubicin (DOX)‐induced acute and chronic cardiotoxicities with a clinically relevant juvenile mouse model. Two week old MHC‐CB7 mice (which express dominant‐interfering p53 in cardiomyocytes, CMs) and their non‐transgenic (NON‐TXG) littermates were given weekly DOX injections for 5 weeks (25 mg/kg total dose). Animals were studied 1 week (acute stage) or 13 weeks (late stage) after last DOX injection. Cardiac function was measured with echocardiography. CM apoptosis was quantified using immunohistology. During acute stage, cardiac function was preserved (Fractional Shortening, FS, 58±2.0% vs. 45±1.3%, p<0.01) and CM apoptosis was reduced (0.003±0.002/mm2 vs. 0.011±0.002/mm2, p<0.01) in CB7 mice vs. NON‐TXG mice. During late stage, cardiac function in CB7 mice markedly deteriorated, reaching values similar to those in NON‐TXG mice (FS=52±2.5% vs. 50±2.0%, p>;0.05). CM apoptosis was elevated in CB7 mice as compared to NON‐TXG mice (0.076±0.007 mm2 vs. 0.042±0.008 mm2, p<0.01). In conclusion, although inhibition of p53 activity protects against DOX‐induced CM apoptosis and preserves cardiac function during acute stage, it exacerbates CM apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction during late stage. We are determining the correlation between mitochondrial DNA damage during acute stage and CM apoptosis during late stage. Grant Funding Source : NIH, American Cancer Society
Cytosolic expression of the <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SacB</i> protein inhibits tissue development in transgenic tobacco and potato (1997)

Fructans are linear or branched polymers containing a single sucrose and repeating fructose residues. An early model for fructan biosynthesis in higher plants suggested that partial synthesis of the polymer occurred in the cell cytosol. The current model suggests that synthesis requires the interaction of two separate fructosyltransferases located in the vacuole. Tobacco lines containing a chemically induced promoter, directing expression of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SacB gene in the present study, provided an opportunity to regulate and target fructan synthesis to the cytosol of transgenic plants. Induced expression of the gene led to rapid destruction of leaf tissue. Amino acid substitution at a highly conserved site (Arg 331 ) in the SacB gene reduced the fructosyltransferase efficiency without reducing the invertase activity of the enzyme. Expression of the mutant gene in transgenic tobacco also resulted in leaf damage. However, the appearance of necrotic tissue was greatly delayed. The results suggest that the phenotype is due to accumulation of fructan in the cytosol. Fructan metabolism in the cytosol of potato tubers was also detrimental to development. Tuber size and starch synthesis was significantly reduced in lines containing the untargeted gene. Transgenic tobacco and potato containing the SacB gene offer an opportunity to study the metabolism of fructan and the effect of accumulation on plant cell development.
Genetic Clustering of Hepatitis C Virus Strains and Severity of Recurrent Hepatitis after Liver Transplantation (2001)

ABSTRACT The influence of viral factors on the severity of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related liver disease is controversial. We studied 68 liver transplant patients with recurrent hepatitis C, of whom 53 were infected by genotype 1 strains. Relationships between core sequences, serum HCV RNA levels, and fibrosis scores for each patient were analyzed in pairwise fashion 5 years after transplantation. We used Mantel's test, a matrix correlation method, to evaluate the correspondence between measured genetic distances and observed phenotypic differences. No clear relationship was found when all 68 patients were analyzed. In contrast, when the 53 patients infected by genotype 1 strains were analyzed, a strong positive relationship was found between genetic distance and differences in 5-year fibrosis scores ( P = 0.001) and differences in virus load ( P = 0.009). In other words, the smaller the genetic distance between two patients' viral core sequences, the smaller the difference between the two patients' fibrosis scores and viral replication levels. No relationship was found between genetic distance and differences in age, sex, or immunosuppression. In multivariate analysis, the degree of fibrosis was negatively related to the virus load ( r = −0.68; P = 0.003). In the particular setting of liver transplantation, and among strains with closely related phylogenetic backgrounds (genotype 1), this study points to a correlation between the HCV genetic sequence and the variability of disease expression.
Use of auxin and cytokinin to regulate anthocyanin production and composition in suspension cultures of strawberry cell (1994)

Abstract The effect of 2, 4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) and benzyladenine (BA) on the production of anthocyanin and its compositions in suspension callus culture of the leaf tissue from the strawberry (Fragaria ananassa cv Shikinari) were investigated. In order to determine the optimum anthocyanin production in suspension cultures, the effects of cell inoculum size on cell growth and anthocyanin accumulation were also studied. Maximum anthocyanin production was obtained in cultures about 2 weeks old using an inoculum cell size of 2 g. In the early phase of culturing, 2,4‐D stimulated cell growth and impaired anthocyanin accumulation. Approximately 207 μg g −1 cell of anthocyanins was obtained without the need to add phytohormones to the Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) liquid medium to a culture 1 week old, however, greater anthocyanin yield was obtained when 2,4‐D in amounts of more than 0–5 mg litre −1 was added to the LS medium of 2‐week‐old strawberry cultures. The content of two major anthocyanins, cyanidin‐3‐glucoside and peonidin‐3‐glucoside, were influenced by 2,4‐D and BA. The content of cyanidin‐3‐glucoside increased as the both 2,4‐D and BA concentrations rose, and the content when concentrations of 2,4‐D and BA are each 1 mg litre −1 was almost seven times greater than that when no phytohormones were added.
<b>Ray Methods for Nonlinear Waves in Fluids and Plasmas.</b> By A. M. Anile, J. K. Hunter, P. Pantano and G. Rousso. Longman, 1993. 243 pp. £39. ISBN 0 582 02343 2. (1994)

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What is the extent of prokaryotic diversity? (2006)

The extent of microbial diversity is an intrinsically fascinating subject of profound practical importance. The term 'diversity' may allude to the number of taxa or species richness as well as their relative abundance. There is uncertainty about both, primarily because sample sizes are too small. Non-parametric diversity estimators make gross underestimates if used with small sample sizes on unevenly distributed communities. One can make richness estimates over many scales using small samples by assuming a species/taxa-abundance distribution. However, no one knows what the underlying taxa-abundance distributions are for bacterial communities. Latterly, diversity has been estimated by fitting data from gene clone libraries and extrapolating from this to taxa-abundance curves to estimate richness. However, since sample sizes are small, we cannot be sure that such samples are representative of the community from which they were drawn. It is however possible to formulate, and calibrate, models that predict the diversity of local communities and of samples drawn from that local community. The calibration of such models suggests that migration rates are small and decrease as the community gets larger. The preliminary predictions of the model are qualitatively consistent with the patterns seen in clone libraries in 'real life'. The validation of this model is also confounded by small sample sizes. However, if such models were properly validated, they could form invaluable tools for the prediction of microbial diversity and a basis for the systematic exploration of microbial diversity on the planet.
Effect of a Nitrite/Nitrate-Based Accelerator on the Strength Development and Hydrate Formation in Cold-Weather Cementitious Materials (2021)

Recently, there has been increased use of calcium-nitrite and calcium-nitrate as the main components of chloride- and alkali-free anti-freezing agents to promote concrete hydration in cold weather concreting. As the amount of nitrite/nitrate-based accelerators increases, the hydration of tricalcium aluminate (C<sub>3</sub>A phase) and tricalcium silicate (C<sub>3</sub>S phase) in cement is accelerated, thereby improving the early strength of cement and effectively preventing initial frost damage. Nitrite/nitrate-based accelerators are used in larger amounts than usual in low temperature areas below -10 °C. However, the correlation between the hydration process and strength development in concrete containing considerable nitrite/nitrate-based accelerators remains to be clearly identified. In this study, the hydrate composition (via X-ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance), pore structures (via mercury intrusion porosimetry), and crystal form (via scanning electron microscopy) were determined, and investigations were performed to elucidate the effect of nitrite/nitrate-based accelerators on the initial strength development and hydrate formation of cement. Nitrite/nitrate-AFm (aluminate-ferret-monosulfate; AFm) was produced in addition to ettringite at the initial stage of hydration of cement by adding a nitrite/nitrate-based accelerator. The amount of the hydrates was attributed to an increase in the absolute amounts of NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> ions reacting with Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in the tricalcium aluminate (C<sub>3</sub>A phase). Further, by effectively filling the pores, it greatly contributed to the enhancement of the strength of the hardened cement product, and the degree of the contribution tended to increase with the amount of addition. On the other hand, in addition to the occurrence of cracks due to the release of a large amount of heat of hydration, the amount of expansion and contraction may increase, and it is considered necessary to adjust the amount used for each concrete work.
Institutional Investors and Equity Prices (1998)

We analyze institutional investors' preferences for stocks and the implications that these preferences have for stock-market prices and returns. We find that -- a category including all managers with greater than $100 million under discretionary control -- have nearly doubled their share of the common-stock market from 1980 to 1996 most of this increase driven by the growth in holdings of the largest one-hundred institutions. Large institutions, when compared with other investors, prefer stocks that have greater market capitalizations, are more liquid, and have higher book-to-market ratios and lower returns for the previous year. We discuss how institutional preferences, when combined with the rising share of the market held by institutions, induce changes in the relative prices and returns of large stocks and small stocks. We provide evidence to support the in-sample implications for prices and realized returns and we derive out-of-sample predictions for expected returns.
Single Molecule Imaging of RNA In Situ (2011)

This protocol describes a method to image individual mRNA molecules in situ. About 50 oligonucleotides complementary to different regions of a target mRNA species are used simultaneously. Each probe is labeled with a single fluorescent moiety. When these probes bind to their target, each mRNA molecule becomes so intensely fluorescent that it can be seen as a fine fluorescent spot. Several different mRNA species can be detected in multiplex imaging using differently colored probe sets for each species. An automated image-processing program is used to count the number of mRNA molecules of each species that are expressed in each cell, thus yielding single-cell gene expression profiles.
Production of landomycins in<i>Streptomyces globisporus</i>1912 and<i>S. cyanogenus</i>S136 is regulated by genes encoding putative transcriptional activators (2003)

The regulatory genes lanI and lndI have been cloned from the landomycin A (LaA) producer Streptomyces cyanogenus S136 and from the landomycin E (LaE) producer Streptomyces globisporus 1912, respectively and both have been sequenced. A culture of S. globisporus I2-1 carrying a disrupted lndI gene did not produce LaE and other related intermediates. Complementation of S. globisporus I2-1 with either the lndI or lanI gene reconstituted LaE production indicating that LanI and LndI are involved in activation of structural genes in the respective clusters. Structural features of these regulatory genes are discussed.
Facial Muscle Activations from Motion Capture (2005)

Biomechanically accurate finite element models of facial musculature offer a superior accuracy in reproducing facial expressions. We employ such a finite element simulation model to determine the muscle activations and kinematic configuration of the rigid bones associated with an expression from a sparse sampling of the deformation of the face surface over time, acquired using a motion capture system. Our simulation model, consisting of 840K tetrahedral elements, was created through non-rigid registration of a muscle geometry template derived from the visible human dataset to MRI volumetric data acquired from the motion capture subject.
Sparsity-based Sinogram Denoising for low-dose Computed Tomography (2011)

We propose a sinogram restoration method which consists of a patch-wise non-linear processing, based on a sparsity prior in terms of a learned dictionary. An off-line learning process uses a statistical model of the sinogram noise and minimizes an error measure in the image domain over the training set. The error measure is designed to preserve low-contrast edges for visibility of soft tissues. Our numerical study shows that the algorithm improves on the performance of the standard Filtered Back-Projection algorithm and effectively allows to halve the radiation dose for the same image quality.
Experimental investigation on air-jet loom sub-nozzles for weft yarn insertion (2010)

The analysis of the airflow from sub-nozzles that have different emitting cross-sections is described. At first, tests were carried out outside the profiled reed and comparison between nozzles was made in terms of air velocity distribution, jet spreading, consumption and exerted drag force. Subsequently, in order to analyze the interaction between the jet emitted by a sub-nozzle and the loom profiled reed, some velocity measurements were repeated inside the weft passage, at various distances from the nozzle exit. Finally, a high-speed camera was used to visualize the weft yarn crossing the weft passage.
Ultrathin lamellar gratings as solar-selective coatings (1990)

Ultra-thin lamellar gratings represent a new kind of transparent heat mirror based on the principle of waveguides. Wavelengths shorter than double the waveguide diameter are propagated, while longer wavelengths are reflected at the opening of the waveguide. Parallel metal strips mounted perpendicular to a transparent surface exhibit equivalent behaviour for waves polarized perpendicular to the strips. For unpolarized radiation, two of these lamellar gratings have to be crossed. These gratings are manufactured by embossing a profile of right-angle triangles onto a transparent substrate. They have a period and depth of approximately 0.8 m. The vertical faces of the profile are then covered with a thin conducting metal layer by oblique evaporation. According to theoretical calculations, the JR-reflectance of the optimized grating is as high as the reflectance of a coherent metal coating, whereas the solar transmittance is very high even for diffuse radiation. The grating has a very sharp cut-off wavelength which can be adjusted depending on the application. A nickel master profile for embossing has been manufactured by photolithographic techniques. The structure has been replicated on transparent PVC. First measurements of evaporated gratings show the expected characteristics.
Optimal regulation and reinforcement learning for the nonholonomic integrator (2000)

Reinforcement learning methods based on the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation have proven to be effective for linear systems. We consider the extension of these methods to a class of nonlinear systems whose linearizations are not controllable. Optimal values for a discounted, infinite horizon cost function based on a smooth homogeneous norm are proposed and validated both for the continuous-time and for the discrete-time three-dimensional nonholonomic integrator.
Broadband epsilon–near–zero and epsilon–near–pole 1D nanograting metamaterials in near–infrared regimesI (2018)

In this study, we investigate broadband absorption using epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) and epsilon-near-pole (ENP) properties of indium tin oxide (ITO) 1D nanograting hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs).
STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH-k STRONTIUM TANTALATE DEPOSITED BY LIQUID DELIVERY MOCVD (2006)

ABSTRACT The strontium tantalate films were prepared by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using Sr[Ta(OEt)5(OC2H4OMe)]2 precursor. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and ellipsometry indicated that the as-deposited and the annealed at 800°C films were uniform and amorphous. Significant crystallization takes place only at temperatures of ∼ 1000°C and these films are unhomogeneous and the thickness of the interlayer SiO2 highly increases. Annealing at temperatures about 800°C was found to improve the electrical characteristics (effective dielectric constant up to 40, the leakage current up to 7 · 10− 8 A/cm− 2, and low interface state density value of 8 · 1010 eV− 1cm− 2).
Data adaptive signal estimation by singular value decomposition of a data matrix (1982)

A new method is presented for estimating the signal component of a noisy record of data. Only a little prior information about the signal is assumed. Specifically, the approximate value of rank of a matrix which is formed from the samples of the signal is assumed to be known or obtainable from singular value decomposition (SVD).
High-Temperature Expansion of Thermal Transport Coefficients (1965)

Choosing the rigid-sphere fluid as a reference system a high-temperature perturbation theory of thermal transport phenomena in simple dense fluids is developed starting with the Kubo—Green correlation function expressions for the transport coefficients. We suggest that coupling these expressions with the computer generated molecular dynamics of the reference system provides, at least in principle, a practical numerical method of following the high-temperature limiting behavior of the zero-frequency transport coefficients. Explicit expressions are given for the self-diffusion and shear viscosity coefficients. An elementary derivation of the first-order Enskog self-diffusion coefficient is presented in the Appendix.
STEROIDAL CYCLIC KETALS. VII.<sup>1</sup> TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS OF ADRENOSTERONE. Δ<sup>4, 9(11)</sup> ANDROSTADIENE-3, 17-DIONE (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSTEROIDAL CYCLIC KETALS. VII.1 TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS OF ADRENOSTERONE. Δ4, 9(11) ANDROSTADIENE-3, 17-DIONESEYMOUR BERNSTEIN, ROBERT H. LENHARD, and JAMES H. WILLIAMSCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1954, 19, 1, 41–50Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01366a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01366a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biomimetic approaches for engineered organ chips and skin electronics for in vitro diagnostics (2012)

Two kinds of biomimetic systems including engineered organ chip and flexible electronic sensor are presented. First, <i>in vivo</i>, renal tubular epithelial cells are exposed to luminal fluid shear stress (FSS) and a transepithelial osmotic gradient. In this study, we used a simple collecting-duct-on-a-chip to investigate the role of an altered luminal microenvironment in the translocation of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and the reorganization of actin cytoskeleton (F-actin) in primary cultured inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells of rat kidney. We demonstrate that several factors (i.e., luminal FSS, hormonal stimulation, transepithelial osmotic gradient) collectively exert a profound effect on the AQP2 trafficking in the collecting ducts, which is associated with actin cytoskeletal reorganization. Furthermore, with this kidney-mimicking chip, renal toxicity of cisplatin was tested under static and fluidic conditions, suggesting the physiological relevancy of fluidic environment compared to static culture. Second, we present a simple architecture for a flexible and highly sensitive strain sensor that enables the detection of pressure, shear and torsion. The device is based on two interlocked arrays of high-aspect-ratio Pt-coated polymeric nanofibres that are supported on thin polydimethylsiloxane layers. When different sensing stimuli are applied, the degree of interconnection and the electrical resistance of the sensor changes in a reversible, directional manner with specific, discernible strain-gauge factors. We show that the sensor can be used to monitor signals ranging from human heartbeats to the impact of a bouncing water droplet on a superhydrophobic surface.
Deacylation of 2-N-isobutyryl- and 2-N-isobutyryl-6-O-methyl-2′-deoxyguanosine in the condensed and gas phase. A kinetic investigation (1994)

The kinetics of deacyclation of 2-N-isobutyryl-2 and 2-N-isobutyryl-6-O-methyl-2′-deoxyguanosine 4 show that the former can be deblocked by ammonolysis, whereas the latter requires strong alkaline conditions. This different behaviour is correlated with the availability of the enolizable lactam function of the guanine ring. Similar effects are in operation in the unimolecular gas-phase dissociations of the same species.