gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Frequency Stability Control Strategy for Interconnected VSC-MTDC Transmission System (2014)

The constant active power control mode cannot offer mutual support for power grids at AC side while accident occurs in the power grid at AC side. Since the voltage sourced converter is highly controllable, flexible and efficient, a frequency stability control strategy suitable for interconnected voltage sourced converter based multi-terminal high voltage direct current(VSC-MTDC) system is proposed. Not needing communication between inverter stations, only using additional frequency control the inverter stations can respond to the frequency of power systems in AC side, and through controlling the droop of DC voltage multi inverter stations can jointly share the power unbalance in HVDC network, thus when the frequency in one of the AC systems evidently changes, the rest of AC systems can offer power support via VSC-MTDC system to mitigate the active power unbalance in the faulty AC system. The PSCAD/ EMTDC based simulation results show that the proposed strategy; can fully utilize the frequency adjustment capability of interconnected VSC-MTDC system, and the frequency fluctuation extent in the faulty AC system is reduced.
Clinical development of eniluracil: current status. (1998)

Eniluracil is a potent inactivator of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which is the first enzyme in the degradative pathway of systemically administered 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Two completely oral regimens of eniluracil plus 5-FU are being evaluated in clinical trials: (1) a chronic schedule with both agents administered BID in a 10:1 ratio for 28 days of a 5-week course, and (2) a 5-day schedule of eniluracil once daily on days 1 through 7 and 5-FU once daily on days 2 through 6. The clinical development of eniluracil is being pursued in several tumor types, including colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Response rates achieved in a phase II study of the chronic schedule of oral eniluracil/5-FU in patients with colorectal cancer compare favorably with those obtained in trials of intravenous 5-FU and leucovorin, while results from other trials are awaited. Safety analysis for the 28-day schedule has revealed a low incidence of severe toxicities, particularly as compared with standard 5-FU regimens.
Antinociceptive effects of vitexin in a mouse model of postoperative pain (2016)

Vitexin, a C-glycosylated flavone present in several medicinal herbs, has showed various pharmacological activities including antinociception. The present study investigated the antinociceptive effects of vitexin in a mouse model of postoperative pain. This model was prepared by making a surgical incision on the right hindpaw and von Frey filament test was used to assess mechanical hyperalgesia. Isobolographical analysis method was used to examine the interaction between vitexin and acetaminophen. A reliable mechanical hyperalgesia was observed at 2 h post-surgery and lasted for 4 days. Acute vitexin administration (3-10 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently relieved this hyperalgesia, which was also observed from 1 to 3 days post-surgery during repeated daily treatment. However, repeated vitexin administration prior to surgery had no preventive value. The 10 mg/kg vitexin-induced antinociception was blocked by the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone or the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline. The doses of vitexin used did not significantly suppress the locomotor activity. In addition, the combination of vitexin and acetaminophen produced an infra-additive effect in postoperative pain. Together, though vitexin-acetaminophen combination may not be useful for treating postoperative pain, vitexin exerts behaviorally-specific antinociception against postoperative pain mediated through opioid receptors and GABAA receptors, suggesting that vitexin may be useful for the control of postoperative pain.
Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases (2008)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent malignant disease in industrialized nations. The annual incidence of invasive CRC in the U.S. is among the highest in the world, and the liver is the only metastatic site in approximately one third of patients. Without treatment, patients with metastatic disease have a poor prognosis; however, long-term survival benefits and even cure have been reported in patients undergoing surgical resection of metastases. In addition, advances in chemotherapy, imaging, and surgical techniques have increased the proportion of patients who are eligible for resection. Combination therapy with fluorouracil and leucovorin has been the mainstay of treatment for metastatic CRC; however, the introduction of newer agents, such as oxaliplatin and irinotecan, and targeted agents, such as cetuximab and bevacizumab, has yielded improvements in response rates (RRs) and survival. Maximizing the exposure of hepatic metastases to high target concentrations of cytotoxic drugs using hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) increases RRs further than with systemic chemotherapy; however, the impact of HAI on survival is unclear. As the goals of chemotherapeutic treatment for metastatic CRC increasingly shift from palliation to prolongation of survival, improvement in RRs, and downsizing of tumors in order to enable or optimize resection, treatment in a multidisciplinary environment involving a medical oncologist, radiologist, and surgical oncologist with hepatobiliary expertise will become central to deciding the best course of therapy and timing of surgery.
Hilbert scan and image compression (2002)

The use of the Hilbert scan is relatively new in image compression. This scan is guided by the Hilbert space filling curve. A Hilbert image, thus produced by this scan of a gray level image provides better compression rate than that of a raster scanned image. Since a Hilbert image is a 1D image, an efficient 1D algorithm based on a Bezier-Bernstein polynomial has been developed to simultaneously separate out and and approximate homogeneous segments of pixels depending on some absolute error based criteria. The approximation parameters are then encoded by a Huffman coding scheme. Investigation shows that better performance on image compression can be achieved using the Hilbert scan. Comparison with an existing algorithm shows also better performance of the proposed algorithm.
[Measurement of regional and global coronary sinus blood flow with the continuous thermodilution technique. II. Clinical studies in patients with coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. (1981)

Coronary sinus blood flow, great cardiac vein flow, myocardial oxygen consumption and myocardial lactate extraction were measured in 38 patients (12 female, 26 male) at rest and during supraventricular pacing until angina or av block occurred. 17 patients without significant coronary artery stenosis in the angiogram built the control group (group I). 15 patients had 2- or 3-vessel disease (group II), 6 exhibited an isolated LAD-stenosis of 80 to 95% cross section area (group III). There were no significant differences at rest between the 3 groups. Whereas pressure-heart rate product, coronary sinus blood flow and great cardiac vein flow, increased significantly during pacing in group I and II, there was only a slight increase in great cardiac vein flow from 77 +/- 22 to 83 +/- 19 ml/min in group III. Flow/beat only in this group declined significantly from 1.07 +/- 0.2 at rest to 0.68 +/- 0.1 ml during pacing (p less than 0.001). Coronary reserve capacity of these patients is probably reduced at rest, and flow during pacing can increase only insufficiently. Because rate-pressure product during pacing rose significantly, myocardial oxygen demand rose as well. The fact of a significant myocardial lactate production during pacing in group III indicates that increased myocardial oxygen demand in this group could not be adequately supplied. Also patients in group II produced lactate during pacing in contrast to patients of group I. So, if blood flow in the individual may be similar in patients with and without coronary artery disease, simultaneous measurements of myocardial lactate extraction can discriminate between both groups.
Best-first frontier search with delayed duplicate detection (2004)

Best-first search is limited by the memory needed to store the Open and Closed lists, primarily to detect duplicate nodes. Magnetic disks provide vastly more storage, but random access of a disk is extremely slow. Instead of checking generated nodes immediately against existing nodes in a hash table, delayed duplicate detection (DDD) appends them to a file, then periodically removes the duplicate nodes using only sequential disk accesses. Frontier search saves storage in a best-first search by storing only the Open list and not the Closed list. The main contributions of this paper are to provide a scalable implementation of DDD, to combine it with frontier search, and to extend it to more general best-first searches such as A*. We illustrate these ideas by performing complete breadth-first searches of sliding-tile puzzles up to the 3×5 Fourteen Puzzle. For the 4-peg Towers of Hanoi problem, we perform complete searches with up to 20 disks, searching a space of over a trillion nodes, and discover a surprising anomaly concerning the problem-space diameter of the 15 and 20-disk problems. We also verify the presumed optimal solution lengths for up to 24 disks. In addition, we implement A* with DDD on the Fifteen Puzzle. Finally, we present a scalable implementation of DDD based on hashing rather than sorting.
Homo Economicus Commercialization of Body Tissue in the Age of Biotechnology (1998)

The human body is becoming hot property, a resource to be "mined," "harvested," patented, and traded commercially for profit as well as scientific and therapeutic advances. Under the new entrepreneurial approach to the body old tensions take on new dimensions -- about consent, the fair distribution of tissues and products developed from them, the individual and cultural values represented by the body, and public policy governing the use of organs and tissues.
Antibacterial activity of selected plant essential oils against Escherichia coli O157:H7 (2003)

Oregano and light thyme EO, particularly when enhanced by agar stabilizer, may be effective in reducing the number or preventing the growth of E. coli O157:H7 in foods.
Hollow magnetic hydroxyapatite microspheres with hierarchically mesoporous microstructure for pH-responsive drug delivery (2013)

The hollow magnetic hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAp] microspheres with hierarchically mesoporous structures were hydrothermally fabricated using the similar structured CaCO3/Fe3O4 hollow microspheres as the sacrificial hard-templates. The magnetic property, in vitro biocompatibility, drug loading and release properties in different pH solutions were further investigated. The results showed that the magnetic properties for these biocompatible HAp microspheres could be well adjusted by modulation of the Fe3O4 amount, and the drug release rate increased apparently with the decrease of the pH values of the solution medium. The high drug-loading capacity and sustained drug release property suggest that the fabricated multifunctional hollow microspheres have great potential for magnetic and pH responsive drug-delivery applications.
Chronic adolescent marijuana use as a risk factor for physical and mental health problems in young adult men. (2015)

Some evidence suggests that youth who use marijuana heavily during adolescence may be particularly prone to health problems in later adulthood (e.g., respiratory illnesses, psychotic symptoms). However, relatively few longitudinal studies have prospectively examined the long-term physical and mental health consequences associated with chronic adolescent marijuana use. The present study used data from a longitudinal sample of Black and White young men to determine whether different developmental patterns of marijuana use, assessed annually from early adolescence to the mid-20s, were associated with adverse physical (e.g., asthma, high blood pressure) and mental (e.g., psychosis, anxiety disorders) health outcomes in the mid-30s. Analyses also examined whether chronic marijuana use was more strongly associated with later health problems in Black men relative to White men. Findings from latent class growth curve analysis identified 4 distinct subgroups of marijuana users: early onset chronic users, late increasing users, adolescence-limited users, and low/nonusers. Results indicated that the 4 marijuana use trajectory groups were not significantly different in terms of their physical and mental health problems assessed in the mid-30s. The associations between marijuana group membership and later health problems did not vary significantly by race. Findings are discussed in the context of a larger body of work investigating the potential long-term health consequences of early onset chronic marijuana use, as well as the complications inherent in studying the possible link between marijuana use and health effects.
Navigate a Clinical Pathway for Uncomplicated MI Patients (1999)

At Naval Medical Center San Diego, a clinical pathway for uncomplicated myocardial infarction patients decreased length of stay, standardized practice, and significantly improved documentation and discharge practices.
Design considerations for BJT active mixers (1996)

This chapter has discussed the design of various types of receiver mixers, starting with basic discrete forms, then moving on to classical topologies. The benefits of emitter degeneration to improve linearity were quantified, after which we showed the advantages afforded by the bipolar 'multi-tanh' concept. This circuit concept has been extensively used by the author, and is now proving useful in extending the dynamic range in many contemporary communications ICs. Multi-tanh gm stages have the further advantage of allowing accurate variable gain through the control of the bias current, not possible with many mixer designs. Finally, the topic of noise in the switching core was briefly discussed. Other novel mixer topologies are now being used to extend the performance of active mixers even further. In the future, it is expected that quite different approaches to mixer design, based on sub-micron CMOS processes, will become commonplace, though it is difficult to forecast whether (and if so, how soon) such techniques will eclipse bipolar technologies in RF applications. With increasing interest in short-range transceivers operating at frequencies of between 2 and 30GHz, and the benefits of heterojunction bipolar transistors in this domain, it will be interesting to see how this age-old rivalry will develop.
Dynamic Stack-Controlled CMOS RF Power Amplifier for Wideband Envelope Tracking (2014)

In this paper, a dynamic stack-controlled CMOS FET RF power amplifier (PA) is developed to enhance the efficiency of the envelope tracking power amplifier (ET PA) system for low-voltage operation. The power cell used in the two-stage PA is a quadruple-stacked FET structure with dynamic stacking controller to reconfigure the power cell into the quasi-triple or quasi-double stacks according to the magnitude of the input envelope signal. The proposed power cell boosts the peak efficiency in the low V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> region by bypassing the stack entering the triode region and reoptimizing the load impedance so that all the FETs operate under the saturation and the optimum load conditions. A detailed analysis is presented to understand the gain and phase step discontinuities at the stack switching points, and the circuit techniques to equalize the gain and phase between the adjacent stack configurations are developed. The proposed two-stage stack-controlled PA is fabricated with a 0.32-μm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS process together with the envelope amplifier (EA). Full long-term evolution (LTE) characterization is performed using LTE signals with a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of 6.7 dB and signal bandwidths (BW) of 10 and 20 MHz. With 10-MHz signals, dynamic stacking provides 3.5% power added efficiency (PAE) improvement over the static stack at 25.7 dBm, resulting in 47.5% PAE with 26.6-dB gain. A 20-MHz LTE test shows an overall PAE of 45.9% with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) of -33 dBc with memoryless digital predistortion. Even with the lower efficiency of the EA compared with the state-of-the-art results, the measured overall system efficiency with 3.4 V maximum voltage is comparable with those reported using GaAs HBT's with 5 V supplies, which clearly demonstrates the advantages of the proposed dynamic stack control.
Synthèse et étude biologique d'analogues di- et tripeptidiques de réversines susceptibles de moduler l'activité de deux protéines de transport : la glycoprotéine P et BCRP (2007)

Cette these s'inscrit dans un ensemble de travaux menes au laboratoire de Chimie Therapeutique de Lyon sur la mise au point d'analogues de di- ou tripeptides hydrophobes appeles reversines susceptibles de moduler la chimioresistance des cellules tumorales liee a l'expression de proteines de transport appartenant a la famille « ATP-Binding Cassette » (ABC). Des analogues de ces reversines ont ete synthetises afin d'augmenter leur activite et leur biodisponibilite et de preciser les requis structuraux necessaires a cette activite vis-a-vis de deux proteines de transport, la glycoproteine P (P-gp) et la « Breast Cancer Resistance Protein » (BCRP). Dans un premier temps, afin d'evaluer l'influence de la liaison peptidique, nous avons synthetise des analogues aminomethyleniques des reversines les plus actives ainsi que des derives cetomethyleniques d'une reversine de reference. Dans un second temps, nous avons entrepris la synthese d'autres derives modifies au niveau de la chaine laterale du cote N-terminal d'une reversine de reference ainsi que des derives contraints de cette chaine laterale afin d'explorer l'espace conformationnel dans cette region de liaison aux proteines de type ABC. Les activites biologiques des analogues synthetises ont ete evaluees sur les deux proteines de transport de type ABC, P-gp et BCRP. Les premiers resultats ont montre une selectivite des produits vis-a-vis de la P-gp par rapport a BCRP ainsi que l'interaction de la chaine laterale du cote N-terminal avec le site de liaison de la P-gp. Cette demarche a permis d'aboutir a des analogues plus actifs que les reversines de reference sur P-gp notamment ceux des derives contraints.
The fabrication of formamidinium lead iodide perovskite thin films via organic cation exchange (2016)

High-quality formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) perovskite thin films are fabricated via organic cation exchange. With ammonia lead iodide (NH4PbI3) as the starting material, the NH4(+) in NH4PbI3 could be gradually substituted by FA(+) in formamidine acetate (FA-Ac) and simultaneously transformed to the pure phase α-FAPbI3 at elevated temperature.
Dynamic Scattering by a Nematic Liquid Crystal Where the Applied Electric Field Is Normal to the Incident Light (1971)

The scattering of light perpendicularly incident to an electric field in a nematic liquid crystal has been investigated. At low electric field strengths, the formation of domains results in the diffraction of the scattered coherent light. This diffraction provides a convenient tool for the study of domain behavior. The formation of the domains depends on the cell thickness and applied electric field. As the electric field is increased, the liquid-crystal domains become narrower and rotate slightly until they are parallel to the applied field. A further increase in field strength leads to the onset of dynamic scattering with the attendant disruption of domain regularity. The scattered light loses the structure of the diffraction patterns but retains a preferential scattering in the direction of the diffraction orders. No appreciable effects due to the polarization of incident radiation have been observed.
Detection of malignant skin diseases based on the lesion segmentation (2014)

A novel method to automatically detect the malignancy of skin diseases using conventional camera images is proposed. The procedure used would be of great advantage to the dermatologists as a pre-screening system for early diagnosis in situations where the dermoscopes are not accessible. This algorithm mainly aims at an early diagnosis of the malignant diseases since they can be cured if detected early. The proposed method works on color images by taking the HSV component and preprocessing was performed. A robust segmentation procedure is performed for the accurate detection of the lesion. For detection purpose, the morphological features like asymmetry, border irregularity, color variation and diameter are used. These extracted features helps to identify the malignant lesions from the non-malignant ones.
Minimum Number of Satellites for Three-Dimensional Continuous Worldwide Coverage (1977)

Global positioning by means of satellites requires simultaneous observation by at least four satellites. The problem is to determine the minimum number of satellites and the corresponding orbital geometry necessary to satisfy this requirement on a continuous basis. To model the problem, a fixed number of users are assumed uniformly distributed in a known manner over the surface of the earth, and the satellites are restricted to exist in either three or four orbital planes. However, the orbit radius and inclination angle are left as variables. Under these assumptions, and starting with a small number of satellites which will be increased afterwards, an algorithm is developed to determine the visibility of satellites at each surface location. In this way it is possible to specify the minimum number of satellites needed by any desired orbital geometry. It is found that the number of satellites required for three-dimensional continuous worldwide coverage decreases as the orbit radius is increased. There appears to be no general trend regarding the effect of the inclination angle on the minimum number of satellites.
Strained Silicon Directly on Insulator (SSOI): Biaxial, Uniaxial, or Hybrid Strain? (2007)

This paper reviews the development of uniaxial and biaxial strain silicon technologies and how they may be combined through strain engineering of SSOI substrates. Through a novel method of selective biaxial-uniaxial strain hybridization, this work demonstrates a scalable enhanced SSOI CMOS technology. With this mixed-strain approach, nFET uniaxial strain can be amplified by the substrate strain platform while SSOI pFETs can be enhanced beyond conventional single unaxially-strained or biaxially-strained Si. This can be accomplished with minimal process complexity cost.
Power management and distribution system for a more-electric aircraft (MADMEL) (1999)

A five-phase Power Management and Distribution System for a More-Electric Aircraft (MADMEL) program was awarded by the Air Force to Northrop/Grumman Military Aircraft Division in September 1991. The objective of the program is to design, develop, and demonstrate an advanced electrical power generation and distribution system for a More-Electric Aircraft (MEA). The MEA emphasizes the use of electrical power in place of hydraulics, pneumatic, and mechanical power to optimize the performance and life cycle cost of the aircraft. This paper presents an overview of the MADMEL program and a top-level summary of the program results, development and test of major components to date. In Phase I and Phase II studies, the electrical load requirements were established and the electrical power system architecture was defined for both near-term (NT-year 1996) and far-term (FT-year 2003) MEA application. The detailed design and specification for the Electrical Power System (EPS), its interface with the Vehicle Management System, and the test set-up were developed under Phase III. Phase IV, fabrication and testing of the subsystem level hardware, has been completed. Overall system level integration and testing, Phase V, is scheduled to be completed by September 1999.