gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intelligent message distribution in corporate expert communities (2012)

The basic challenge of information management is to provide useful information to the right people in a given situation, such as for problem solving. In a company, semantic technologies in combination with enterprise social media applications can be applied for the identification of experts in a required field of expertise. Our approach uses the Web 3L model, a 3-layer structure of networks which includes relations from social and semantic networks. It is shown how this model can be used to target the right crowd for corporate problem solving. The distribution of urgent requests in an internal knowledge networking tool is described as a real world example that is used in a productive environment.
WCE video segmentation using textons (2010)

Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) integrates wireless transmission with image and video technology. It has been used to examine the small intestine non invasively. Medical specialists look for signicative events in the WCE video by direct visual inspection manually labelling, in tiring and up to one hour long sessions, clinical relevant frames. This limits the WCE usage. To automatically discriminate digestive organs such as esophagus, stomach, small intestine and colon is of great advantage. In this paper we propose to use textons for the automatic discrimination of abrupt changes within a video. In particular, we consider, as features, for each frame hue, saturation, value, high-frequency energy content and the responses to a bank of Gabor filters. The experiments have been conducted on ten video segments extracted from WCE videos, in which the signicative events have been previously labelled by experts. Results have shown that the proposed method may eliminate up to 70% of the frames from further investigations. The direct analysis of the doctors may hence be concentrated only on eventful frames. A graphical tool showing sudden changes in the textons frequencies for each frame is also proposed as a visual aid to find clinically relevant segments of the video.
Partitioning of Arrays for High Performance (1993)

This paper presents a data partitioning strategy that produces new-rectangular partions of arrays that have sizes that are not multiples of the number of processors of the machine the applications is running on. The strategy produces a balance workload, increases the number of internal points, minimizes the number of neighboring processors, minimized the number of jogs, and eliminates holes. The strategy is based on a more general definition on the balanced workload than the one used in the previous literatures. The condition under which a partition exists is also given. The difference partitioning schemes are compared on an iPSC/2 running the Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient Algorithm.
SoftMod (2020)

We present SoftMod, a novel modular electronics kit consisting of soft and flexible modules that snap together. Unlike existing modular kits, SoftMod tracks the topology of interconnected modules and supports basic plug-and-play behavior as well as advanced user-specified behavior. As such, the shape of a SoftMod assembly does not depend on the desired behavior and various 2D and 3D electronic systems can be realized. While the plug-and-play nature of our modules stimulates play, the advanced features for specifying behavior and for making a variety of soft and flexible shapes, offer a high-ceiling when experimenting with novel types of interfaces, such as wearables, and interactive skin and textiles.
Esterase-Cleavable 2D Assemblies of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanocubes: Exploiting Enzymatic Polymer Disassembling To Improve Magnetic Hyperthermia Heat Losses (2019)

Here, we report a nanoplatform based on iron oxide nanocubes (IONCs) coated with a bioresorbable polymer that, upon exposure to lytic enzymes, can be disassembled increasing the heat performances in comparison with the initial clusters. We have developed two-dimensional (2D) clusters by exploiting benchmark IONCs as heat mediators for magnetic hyperthermia and a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) copolymer, a biodegradable polymer produced by bacteria that can be digested by intracellular esterase enzymes. The comparison of magnetic heat performance of the 2D assemblies with 3D centrosymmetrical assemblies or single IONCs emphasizes the benefit of the 2D assembly. Moreover, the heat losses of 2D assemblies dispersed in water are better than the 3D assemblies but worse than for single nanocubes. On the other hand, when the 2D magnetic beads (2D-MNBs) are incubated with the esterase enzyme at a physiological temperature, their magnetic heat performances began to progressively increase. After 2 h of incubation, specific absorption rate values of the 2D assembly double the ones of individually coated nanocubes. Such an increase can be mainly correlated to the splitting of the 2D-MNBs into smaller size clusters with a chain-like configuration containing few nanocubes. Moreover, 2D-MNBs exhibited nonvariable heat performances even after intentionally inducing their aggregation. Magnetophoresis measurements indicate a comparable response of 3D and 2D clusters to external magnets (0.3 T) that is by far faster than that of single nanocubes. This feature is crucial for a physical accumulation of magnetic materials in the presence of magnetic field gradients. This system is the first example of a nanoplatform that, upon exposure to lytic enzymes, such as those present in a tumor environment, can be disassembled from the initial 2D-MNB organization to chain-like assemblies with clear improvement of the heat magnetic losses resulting in better heat dissipation performances. The potential application of 2D nanoassemblies based on the cleavable PHAs for preserving their magnetic losses inside cells will benefit hyperthermia therapies mediated by magnetic nanoparticles under alternating magnetic fields.
An examination of mood effects on positive alcohol expectancies among undergraduate drinkers (2001)

Abstract Alcohol expectancies have been found to be related to both alcohol use and abuse. To date, very little research has examined whether state biases known to affect the recall and endorsement of other types of information can influence alcohol expectancies. Mood-congruent memory theory and coping theory are reviewed, and are found to make opposing predictions regarding the relationship between state negative and positive affect and endorsement of positive alcohol expectancies. Study 1 (n = 121 undergraduate drinkers) used a correlational approach to show that negative affect predicted increased endorsement of positive alcohol expectancies. Study 2 (n = 55 undergraduate drinkers) used an experimental approach to show that participants assigned to a negative mood induction endorsed more positive alcohol expectancies than participants assigned to a positive mood induction. Together, these findings suggest that state negative affect can produce transient changes making alcohol use appear to be an attractive coping strategy.
Basic and clinical studies on ApoE gene typing by line probe assay(LiPA) as a biological marker for Alzheimer's disease and relateddisorders: Multicenter study in Japan (1998)

The fundamental reagent capability and clinical significance of ApoE gene typing has been investigated. The result of each test shows that the reagent capability satisfied the expected standard. Four-hundred thirty-nine samples classified into three groups (Alzheimer's disease (AD), other types of dementia and nondementia) were measured to examine the clinical significance. The rate of epsilon 4 genotype of each group was 31.5%, 14.6%, 10.4%, respectively. The AD group had a higher rate than the other groups (p < 0.001). The measurement of ApoE genotype is suggested to be useful as one of the guidelines in the diagnosis of AD.
Mechanisms for electronic energy transfer between molecules and metal surfaces: A comparison of silver and nickel (1982)

The phosphorescence lifetime of pyrazine above a Ag (111) surface has been measured as a function of molecule–metal separation between 10 and 420 Å. The distance dependence of lifetime is in accord with the predictions of the classical point dipole theory over this range of distances. Using this classical model, the decay of electronically excited pyrazine is separated into contributions from radiative decay, resonant surface plasmon excitation, and lossy surface wave damping. The relative importance of these decay channels is calculated for silver and nickel in the near UV, and the dominant mechanism for energy transfer to these two metals in this distance regime is interpreted in terms of the electronic structure of the metal.
Evolving agent-based simulations in the clouds (2010)

Evolving agent-based simulations enables one to automate the difficult iterative process of modeling complex adaptive systems to exhibit pre-specified/desired behaviors. Nevertheless this emerging technology, combining research advances in agent-based modeling/simulation and evolutionary computation, requires significant computing resources (i.e., high performance computing facilities) to evaluate simulation models across a large search space. Moreover, such experiments are typically conducted in an infrequent fashion and may occur when the computing facilities are not fully available. The user may thus be confronted with a computing budget limiting the use of these “evolvable simulation” techniques. We propose the use of the cloud computing paradigm to address these budget and flexibility issues. To assist this research, we utilize a modular evolutionary framework coined CASE (for complex adaptive system evolver) which is capable of evolving agent-based models using nature-inspired search algorithms. In this paper, we present an adaptation of this framework which supports the cloud computing paradigm. An example evolutionary experiment, which examines a simplified military scenario modeled with the agent-based simulation platform MANA, is presented. This experiment refers to Automated Red Teaming: a vulnerability assessment tool employed by defense analysts to study combat operations (which are regarded here as complex adaptive systems). The experimental results suggest promising research potential in exploiting the cloud computing paradigm to support computing intensive evolvable simulation experiments. Finally, we discuss an additional extension to our cloud computing compliant CASE in which we propose to incorporate a distributed evolutionary approach, e.g., the island-based model to further optimize the evolutionary search.
Two unprecedented natural Aib-peptides with the (Xaa-Yaa-Aib-Pro) motif and an unusual C-terminus: structures, membrane-modifying and antibacterial properties of pseudokonins KL III and KL VI from the fungus Trichoderma pseudokoningii (2000)

Pseudokonins KL III and KL VI are two natural ten-residue peptides, which both contain the (Xaa-Yaa-Aib-Pro) motif and exhibit an unusual C-terminus. They have been isolated from the fungus Trichoderma pseudokoningii by intensive reversed-phase HPLC, beside peptaibols classically C-ended by a β-amino alcohol. The amino acid sequences and the chemical structures of the C-ends have been determined by the combined use of positive ion LSI-MS and two-dimensional homo- and heteronuclear NMR, including COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, 13C heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC). Instead of one of the amino alcohols usually found as C-terminal residue in peptaibols, pseudokonins KL III and KL VI are characterized by -Pro-NH2 and cyclo-(Aib-𝓁-Proal) (Proal, prolinal), respectively. Such backbone modifications are described here for the first time for peptaibol antibiotics. The unusual cyclo-(Aib-𝓁-Proal) C-terminus is probably the result of an intramolecular cyclization of the two last Aib and Pro residues of a ten-amino acid precursor, via a Proal intermediate. A secondary structure stabilized by –CO…H–N-hydrogen bonds of the 1←4 type has been deduced for both peptides from ROESY data, 3J couplings and amide proton temperature coefficient values. The (Xaa-Yaa-Aib-Pro) β-bend ribbon spiral, which has been described for the first time in the case of a 14-residue peptaibol containing three repetitive (Xaa-Yaa-Aib-Pro) motifs (Ségalas G et al. Biopolymers 1999; 50: 71–85) appears to be maintained in the two shortened modified peptides. The β-bend ribbon structure thus appears to be initiated by a single (Xaa-Yaa-Aib-Pro) motif and unaffected by the C-terminal modifications. However, the membrane and antibiotic properties of pseudokonins KL III and KL VI, point to the unfavourable effect of both shortening and cyclization of the peptide chain. Copyright © 2000 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activators of protein kinase C up-regulate the cell surface expression of CD2 and CD5 T cell glycoproteins (1989)

Activation of human T cells through the CD3-T cell receptor complex caused an augmentation in the cell surface expression of CD2 and CD5 glycoproteins. Evidence that protein kinase C is involved in the up-regulatory mechanism of these cell surface molecules has been obtained by three different approaches: (a) the changes in antigen expression were observed with activators of protein kinase C such as phorbol esters but not with activators of kinases dependent on calcium/calmodulin or cAMP; (b) the overexpression of CD2 and CD5 is also observed in cells treated with 1,2-dioctanoyl-rac-glycerol, an analogue of the physiological activator of protein kinase C; and (c) 1-(5-isoquinolinyl)-2-methylpiperazine, an inhibitor of protein kinase C but not N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide dihydrochloride, an inhibitor of the cAMP-dependent kinase, impairs CD2 and CD5 up-regulation. These changes in cell surface antigen expression appear to be caused by the concomitant increase in the mRNA levels for CD2 and CD5. Phosphorylation studies of the CD2 and CD5 glycoproteins indicated that the overexpression of these molecules was not associated with a specific pattern of phosphorylation since it was observed independently of their hyperphosphorylated or nonphosphorylated state.
Structural Changes of a U<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>/ZrO<sub>2</sub> Catalyst During HCl Oxidation – a HAADF‐STEM Study (2013)

Abstract Uranium oxide finely dispersed on ZrO 2 crystals represents an effective and robust catalyst for the industrially relevant oxidation of HCl to chlorine. Remarkably, the catalytic performance increases significantly during the first 80 h on stream and remains stable thereafter. According to XRD results, this self‐activation of the catalyst is accompanied by the disappearance of the starting α‐U 3 O 8 phase. The uranium distribution on the ZrO 2 crystals at different stages of the reaction was visualized by aberration‐corrected HAADF‐STEM. The mostly mono‐atomic uranium oxide layers present in the fresh catalyst broaden during reaction and often form a homogeneous coating over the support crystals comprising small uranium oxide species mostly comprising a single uranium atom. These species are found to be often located on top of columns of ZrO 7 polyhedra, pointing to a strong fixation on the carrier. This observation likely explains the unique stability of the zirconia‐supported uranium oxide catalyst in the Deacon reaction.
Hippocampal glutamate release after porta cava anastomosis: Reduced sensitivity to ammonia inhibition (1980)

In vitro measurements of basal efflux and evoked release of exogenous and endogenous glutamate from rat hippocampus showed that exposition of the tissue to pathophysiological concentrations of ammonium chloride (3 mM) for 40--60 min abolished the KCl-induced release of endogenous glutamate. Basal efflux of endogenous glutamate was elevated by ammonium chloride with a delay of 30--40 min. In an attempt to link these observations to the pathogenesis of hepatic coma, rats were subjected to porta-cava anastomosis, and the hippocampal tissue was tested for ammonia sensitivity 3--4 weeks after the operation. The results showed that ammonia perfusion of the tissue was without effect effect on either basal or KCl-evoked release of endogenous glutamate. In addition, the utilization of glutamine for glutamate formation was influenced in hippocampal but not cortical tissue form porta-cava anastomized rats. The results suggest that ammonia is an important factor for the disturbed metabolism of the neurotransmitter pool of glutamate in hepatic failure.
Cover Picture: 3D Characterization of Graphite Morphologies in Cast Iron (Adv. Eng. Mater. 1‐2/2007) (2007)

Abstract The cover picture shows the reconstructed 3D images acquired using FIB‐tomography of flake graphite in cast iron kindly provided by Halberg Guss GmbH. More information about the 3D characterisation of different irregular graphite morphologies can be found in the paper by A. Velichko et al. on page 39 of this issue. Design: Thomas Jörn
Molecular Age-Related Changes in the Anterior Segment of the Eye (2017)

In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding some of the molecular mechanisms related to aging in the anterior segment of the eye. We also introduce and propose potential roles of autophagy, an important mechanism responsible for maintaining homeostasis and proteostasis under stress conditions in the anterior segment during aging.
Evaluation of radiographs developed by a new ultrarapid film processing system. (1990)

The image quality of radiographs developed by a new ultrarapid processor was evaluated to determine if faster processing causes degradation in the image. The processor used was the Konica Super-Rapid SRX-501 model. Two films designed for this processor (Konica MGH-SR and MGL-SR) were processed in 45 sec and were compared with standard rapid processing in 90 sec of corresponding conventional films (Kodak TMG and OC). Rare-earth screens (Kodak Lanex Regular and Lanex Medium) used with the new and conventional films interleaved during angiographic studies or for phantom images were assessed for image quality. The basic imaging properties of the screen-film systems were examined by measuring (1) Hurter and Driffield curves, (2) modulation transfer functions by using the slit method, and (3) noise Wiener spectra. Subjective clinical assessment showed that the images obtained with ultrarapid processing were acceptable, with increased contrast and graininess. Hurter and Driffield curve measurements confirmed higher gradients. Modulation transfer function measurements were the same as for the conventional films. Noise Wiener spectrum measurements showed a 10% increase in noise for MGH-SR vs TMG film and a 30% increase for MGL-SR vs OC film. We conclude that acceptable image quality can be obtained using ultrarapid processing, with processing time approximately 60% that of conventional rapid processing. Potential applications include all areas in which rapid availability of the radiograph for interpretation is important. Although the processor studied was the first of its kind available, our evaluation indicates that the technology is available for a new class of ultrarapid processors.
The INOVE ANR 2010 Blan 0308 project: Integrated approach for observation and control of vehicle dynamics (2014)

This paper presents the INOVE “Integrated approach for observation and control of vehicle dynamics” project. The aim and organization of the project are described and we present some recent results on the proposed integrated approach to design new methodologies for the improvement of the vehicle dynamical behaviour.
High‐resolution spectroscopy of the lunar sodium exosphere (2014)

Abstract We have applied high‐resolution Fabry‐Perot spectroscopy to the study of the lunar sodium exosphere for the study of exospheric effective temperature and velocity variations. Observing from the National Solar Observatory McMath‐Pierce Telescope, we used a dual‐etalon Fabry‐Perot spectrometer with a resolving power of 180,000 to measure line widths and Doppler shifts of the sodium D2 (5889.95 Å) emission line. Our field of view was 360 km, and measurements were made in equatorial and polar regions from 500 km to 3500 km off the limb. Data were obtained from full moon to 3 days following full moon (waning phase) in March 2009. Measured Doppler line widths within 1100 km of the sunlit east and south lunar limbs for observations between 5 and 40° lunar phase imply effective temperatures ranging between 3260 ± 190 and 1000 ± 135 K. Preliminary line center analysis indicates velocity displacements between different locations off the lunar limb ranging between 100 and 600 m/s from the lunar rest velocity with a precision of ±20 to ±50 m/s depending on brightness. Based on the success of these exploratory observations, an extensive program has been initiated that is expected to constrain lunar atmospheric and surface‐process modeling and help quantify source and escape mechanisms.
Regioselective Synthesis of Functionally Crowded Benzenes at Room Temperature through Ring Transformation of 2<i>H</i>-Pyran-2-ones (2007)

An expeditious synthesis of highly substituted benzenes with electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituents is ­described and illustrated by carbanion-induced ring transformation of 2H-pyran-2-one with malononitrile in excellent yield. The ­novelty of the reaction lies in the creation of an aromatic ring at room temperature from a six-membered lactone under mild reaction conditions.
S1P <sub>1</sub> receptor activation is insufficient to mimic S1P‐mediated effects on aqueous humor outflow physiology (2010)

Previously, sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) had been shown to decrease outflow facility in human eye organ‐culture models. The aim of this study is to determine the contribution of the S1P 1 receptor in the tissues of the aqueous humor outflow pathway in mediating S1P's effect on outflow facility in humans. Post‐mortem human eyes in organ culture were perfused at 8 mmHg constant pressure to obtain a baseline outflow facility. Normalized facilities following the exchange of anterior chamber contents with 5 μM SEW2871 (S1P 1 agonist) or vehicle were 1.01 ± 0.10 and 1.05 ± 0.10, respectively (mean normalized facility ± SD; p=0.65). As a control, all eyes responded with a decreased facility following S1P exchange at the end of each experiment. In primary lines of trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal cells, the cell types located at the site of outflow resistance, SEW2871 failed to promote MLC phosphorylation (MLC‐P). Interestingly, W146 (S1P 1 antagonist) enhanced S1P‐mediated MLC‐P. SEW2871 does not replicate the S1P‐induced decrease in outflow facility, nor does it promote MLC‐P in cell culture models; suggesting other S1P receptor subtypes, alone or in combination with S1P 1 , are responsible for S1P's action on the outflow pathway. Support: NEI (EY17007) and Research to Prevent Blindness Foundation
Selecting Informative Genes from Microarray Data by Using a Cyclic GA-Based Method (2010)

Microarray data are expected to be of significant help in the development of efficient cancer diagnoses and classification platforms. The main problem that needs to be addressed is the selection of a small subset of genes from the thousands of genes in the data that contributes to a cancer disease. This selection process is difficult due to the availability of a small number of samples compared to the huge number of genes, many irrelevant genes, and noisy genes. Therefore, this paper proposes a cyclic method based on genetic algorithms (GA) to select a near-optimal (small) subset of informative genes that is relevant for cancer classification. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated by three benchmark microarray data sets and obtained encouraging results as compared with other experimented methods and previous related works.