gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Book Review of Hyperbranched Polymers: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewBook Review of Hyperbranched Polymers: Synthesis, Properties, and ApplicationsEric FossumView Author Information Wright State UniversityCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 37, 14840Publication Date (Web):August 25, 2011Publication History Published online25 August 2011Published inissue 21 September 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja207716ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja207716gbook-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views997Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Materials,Polymer science,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Cost‐effectiveness of staging computed tomography of the chest in patients with T2 soft tissue sarcomas (2001)

For patients with T2 STS, rCT was most cost-effective in patients with high-grade lesions or extremity lesions. The findings of this study do not support the routine use of chest CT scanning in all patients with T2 STS.
ChemInform Abstract: The Regioselective Hydroformylation of Allyl Acetate Catalyzed by Cationic and Zwitterionic Rhodium Complexes. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Localization of kainate receptors to the presynaptic active zone of the rod photoreceptor in primate retina (2002)

Visual information is encoded at the photoreceptor synapse by modulation of the tonic release of glutamate from one or more electron-dense ribbons. This release is highest in the dark, when photoreceptors are depolarized, and decreases in grades when photoreceptors hyperpolarize with increasing light. Functional diversity between neurons postsynaptic at the synaptic ribbon arises in part from differential expression of both metabotropic (G-protein-gated) and ionotropic (ligand-gated) glutamate receptor. In the brain, different subunits also modulate the presynaptic active zone. In hippocampus, ionotropic kainate receptors localize to the presynaptic membrane of glutamatergic axon terminals and facilitate depolarization of the synapse (e.g. Lauri et al., 2001). Such facilitation may be helpful in the retina, where consistent depolarization of the photoreceptor axon terminal is necessary to maintain glutamate release in the dark. We investigated whether such a mechanism could be present in primate retina by using electron microscopy to examine the localization of the kainate subunits GluR6/7 at the rod axon terminal, where only a single ribbon synapse mediates glutamate release. We scored 54 rod axon terminals whose postsynaptic space contained one or more GluR6/7-labeled processes and traced these processes through serial sections to determine their identity. Of 68 labeled processes, 63% originated from narrow "fingers" of cytoplasm extending from the presynaptic axon terminal into the postsynaptic cleft. Each rod terminal typically inserts 4-6 presynaptic fingers, and we scored several instances where multiple fingers contained label. Such consistency suggests that each presynaptic finger expresses GluR6/7. The physiological properties of kainate receptors and the geometry of the rod axon terminal suggest that presynaptic GluR6/7 could provide a steady inward current to maintain consistent depolarization of the rod synapse in the long intervals between photons in the dark.
On the equivalence of logical databases (1984)

We suggest a new approach to database updates, in which a database is treated as a collection of theories. We investigate two issues: a) equivalence of databases under update operations, b) simultaneous multiple update operations.
Characteristics of MgO/GaN gate-controlled metal–oxide– semiconductor diodes (2002)

Gate-controlled n+p metal–oxide–semiconductor diodes were fabricated in p-GaN using MgO as a gate dielectric and Si+ implantation to create the n+ regions. This structure overcomes the low minority carrier generation rate in GaN and allowed observation of clear inversion behavior in the dark at room temperature. By contrast, diodes without the n+ regions to act as an external source of minority carriers did not show inversion even at measurement temperatures of 300 °C. The gated diodes showed the expected shape of the current–voltage characteristics, with clear regions corresponding to depletion and inversion under the gate. The MgO was deposited prior to the Si implantation and was stable during the activation annealing for the Si-implanted n+ regions.
The versatile chemistry of peroxo complexes of vanadium, molybdenum and tungsten as oxidants of organic compounds (1996)

The oxidation of organic compounds by hydrogen peroxide, catalysed by transition metal derivatives, e.g. V(V), Mo(VI) and W(VI) complexes, involves the formation of peroxometal complexes. These are much more efficient oxidants than hydrogen peroxide so that the catalysed reactions are of remarkable synthetic significance. Several peroxometal complexes can be isolated and used as stoichiometric oxidants. An appealing feature of these oxidants is their versatility, as demonstrated by the fact that they are able to oxidize substrates such as alkenes, alcohols, ketones, sulphur, phosphorus and nitrogen derivatives and even aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Either polar or radical oxidations may take place. The reactivity depends on the nature of the metal and especially on the nature of the ligands coordinated to the metal. Therefore, an important goal consists in predicting the reactivity of peroxometal complexes on the basis of their structural features. Examples presented demonstrate that structure-reactivity correlations may be established. However, the effect of the ligands appears to be complex so that care must be exercised in drawing general conclusions.
Natural Products as Potential Human Ether-a-Go-Go-Related Gene Channel Inhibitors – Outcomes from a Screening of Widely Used Herbal Medicines and Edible Plants (2014)

Inhibition of the human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel is the single most important risk factor leading to acquired long QT syndrome. Drug-induced QT prolongation can cause severe cardiac complications, including arrhythmia, and is thus a liability in drug development. Considering the importance of the human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel as an antitarget and the daily intake of plant-derived foods and herbal products, surprisingly few natural products have been tested for channel blocking properties. In an assessment of possible human ether-a-go-go-related gene liabilities, a selection of widely used herbal medicines and edible plants (vegetables, fruits, and spices) was screened by means of a functional two-microelectrode voltage-clamp assay with Xenopus oocytes. The human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel blocking activity of selected extracts was investigated with the aid of a high-performance liquid chromatography-based profiling approach, and attributed to tannins and alkaloids. Major European medicinal plants and frequently consumed food plants were found to have a low risk for human ether-a-go-go-related gene toxicity.
Molecular Markers to Select for the j-2–mediated Jointless Pedicel in Tomato (2018)

The jointless pedicel trait of tomato conferred by the j-2 gene is widely used in processing markets for stem-free removal of fruit to accommodate mechanized harvest. Although current utilization of j-2 for fresh-market tomato breeding is limited, interest in this trait may increase as breeders seek to address high labor costs through the development of mechanically harvestable cultivars for the fresh market. Yet, the introduction of this trait into new market classes heavily relies on phenotypic selection because there are presently no high-throughput methods available to genotype j-2 . Reliable, high-throughput molecular markers to genotype the presence/absence of j-2 for selective breeding were developed. The molecular markers described here use the high-resolution DNA melting analysis (HRM) genotyping with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS)–based genotyping. Two separate HRM-based markers target the j-2 on chromosome 12 or a linked sequence region 3.5 Mbp apart from the gene, and a dCAPS marker resides on the latter. We demonstrate the association between each marker and the jointless pedicel phenotype using segregating populations of diverse filial generations in multiple genetic backgrounds. These markers provide a useful resource for marker-assisted selection of j-2 in breeding populations.
Talking Head: Synthetic Video Facial Animation in MPEG-4. (2003)

We present a system for facial modeling and animation that aims at the generation of photo-realistic models and performance driven animation. It is practical implementation of MPEG-4 compliant Synthetic Video Facial Animation pipeline (Simple and Calibration Profiles with some modifications), which includes: facial features recognition & tracking on real video sequence; obtaining, encoding, network transfer and decoding of the facial animation parameters (FAPs); face model adaptation (calibration) and texturing by photos or video stream; synthetic 3D head animation and visualization. All pipeline stages, except model adaptation, operate in real time, fully automatically and produce appropriate results. To obtain the animation parameters new methods of robust online face tracking and more precise but off-line FAPs estimation are developed. Model-independent animation method was used. A number of new features including mouth contours special processing, eyelashes and “expression wrinkles” were added beyond standard to improve the resemblance of the Talking Head to the prototype person. The following libraries and applications were created to encapsulate “Talking Heads” original technologies: Face Tracking&Analysis Library, Images-to-Head Calibration application, Intel Facial Animation&Visualization Library. They are absolutely independent and could be used separately for various applications.
Excess maternal transmission of type 2 diabetes. The Northern California Kaiser Permanente Diabetes Registry. (1999)

Excess maternal transmission was observed in all races and both sexes, although the size of the excess was negligible in African-Americans and male offspring. Potential reporting and censoring biases are discussed.
Biomechanics of neurotrauma (2001)

This paper reviews the traditional areas of impact biomechanics as they relate to brain injury caused by blunt impact. These areas are injury mechanisms, human response to impact, human tolerance to impact and the use of human surrogates. With the advent of high-speed computers, it is now possible to add computer models to the list of human surrogates that used to be limited to animals and human cadavers. The advantages and shortcomings of current computer models are discussed. One of the computer models was used to predict the pressures and shear stresses developed in the brain and the extent of stretch of the bridging veins in the brains of American football players who sustained severe helmet-to-helmet head impact during the game. It was found that increases in intracranial pressure were more dependent on translational acceleration while the primary determinant for the development of shear stresses in the brain is rotational acceleration. Although the current head injury criterion is based almost entirely on translational acceleration, it is recommended that any new criterion should reflect the contribution of both translational and rotational acceleration.
Effect of Structural Parameters on the Supramolecular Organization of Rigid‐Flexible Polymers (2004)

Abstract Summary: Rigid‐flexible polyethers consisting of terphenyl and aliphatic segments of various lengths along their main chains and disubstituted by dendritic wedges of various generations (G 0 , G 1 , and G 2 ) are examined in their bulk states. Characterization of phase transitions has been performed by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and was supported by structural information obtained from small‐angle light scattering (SALS) and polarized optical microscopy (POM) experiments. In order to characterize order on the molecular size scale, two‐dimensional (2D) wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXS) experiments have been performed for macroscopically oriented samples. All results pointed out a highly ordered nature of these materials. Both monomers and polymers were characterized. In the case of polymers, structures consisting of layered backbone sheets separated by the side dendritic moieties filling the space between them were deduced. In all cases, strong effects of molecular parameters, such as main chain flexible spacer's length and sizes of substituents, on transition temperatures (odd‐even effect), degree of orientation, and distances characteristic for the supramolecular structures, were observed. Example of 2D X‐ray diffraction patterns recorded for oriented films of the polymers PETH‐(2OC 12 H 25 ) (the zero generation). magnified image Example of 2D X‐ray diffraction patterns recorded for oriented films of the polymers PETH‐(2OC 12 H 25 ) (the zero generation).
Design And Performance Of Optical Activity-Based Hg 2 Cl 2 Bragg Cells (1988)

The design of optical activity-based long delay Hg<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> Bragg cells is discussed, and the latest experimental data for crystal growth, crystal quality, transducer response and Bragg cell performance are presented.
Screening for antimicrobial and proteolytic activities of lactic acid bacteria isolated from cow, buffalo and goat milk and cheeses marketed in the southeast region of Brazil (2015)

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can be isolated from different sources such as milk and cheese, and the lipolytic, proteolytic and glycolytic enzymes of LAB are important in cheese preservation and in flavour production. Moreover, LAB produce several antimicrobial compounds which make these bacteria interesting for food biopreservation. These characteristics stimulate the search of new strains with technological potential. From 156 milk and cheese samples from cow, buffalo and goat, 815 isolates were obtained on selective agars for LAB. Pure cultures were evaluated for antimicrobial activities by agar antagonism tests and for proteolytic activity on milk proteins by cultivation on agar plates. The most proteolytic isolates were also tested by cultivation in skim milk followed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of the fermented milk. Among the 815 tested isolates, three of them identified as Streptococcus uberis (strains FT86, FT126 and FT190) were bacteriocin producers, whereas four other ones identified as Weissella confusa FT424, W. hellenica FT476, Leuconostoc citreum FT671 and Lactobacillus plantarum FT723 showed high antifungal activity in preliminary assays. Complementary analyses showed that the most antifungal strain was L. plantarum FT723 that inhibited Penicillium expansum in modified MRS agar (De Man, Rogosa, Sharpe, without acetate) and fermented milk model, however no inhibition was observed against Yarrowia lipolytica. The proteolytic capacities of three highly proteolytic isolates identified as Enterococcus faecalis (strains FT132 and FT522) and Lactobacillus paracasei FT700 were confirmed by SDS-PAGE, as visualized by the digestion of caseins and whey proteins (β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin). These results suggest potential applications of these isolates or their activities (proteolytic activity or production of antimicrobials) in dairy foods production.
Robust wavefront segment registration based on a parallel approach (2021)

This paper presents a robust registration algorithm for wavefront reconstruction from multiple partial measurements. Wavefronts exceeding the dynamic range or size of the Shack-Hartmann sensor can be measured as a set of segments. The wavefront is reconstructed by parallel registration of these wavefront segments, enabling compensation for sensor misalignment as well as for phase differences. For registration, a global mismatch metric is minimized by rigid body transformations and propagation of the wavefront segments. Apart from the description of the algorithm, a simulation-based evaluation and comparison to the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm is performed. It is shown that in the case of a noisy data set, the parallel approach enables reconstruction errors that are a factor of 10 smaller than the result obtained with the ICP algorithm.
Simulation of Interaction Between Lamb Waves and Cracks for Structural Health Monitoring With Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors (2012)

In this paper, the detection for two kinds of cracks is studied: (1) linear notch crack; (2) nonlinear breathing crack. A pitch-catch method with piezoelectric wafer actives sensors (PWAS) is used to interrogate an aluminum plate with a linear notch crack and a nonlinear breathing crack respectively as two cases. The inspection Lamb waves generated by the transmitter PWAS, propagate into the structure, interact with the crack, acquire crack information and are picked up by the receiver PWAS. The linear notch crack case is investigated through: (1) analytical model developed for Lamb waves interacting with a general linear damage; (2) finite element simulation. The breathing crack, which acts as a nonlinear source, is simulated using two approaches: (1) element activation/deactivation technique; (2) contact model. The theory and solving scheme of the proposed element activation/deactivation approach is discussed in detail. The signal features of different damage severities are analyzed. Crack opening, closing, stress concentration, surface collision phenomena are noticed for the breathing cracks. Mode conversion is noticed for both crack cases. The generation mechanism and mode components of the new wave packets are investigated by studying the particle motion through the plate thickness. A damage index is proposed based on the spectral amplitude ratio between the second harmonic and the excitation frequency for the breathing crack. The damage index is found capable of estimating the presence and severity of the breathing crack. The paper finishes with summary and conclusions.
Abstract: Evolution of the Plastic Surgery Workforce (2017)

INTRODUCTION: The field of plastic surgery consists of a dynamic workforce. Assessing workforce diversity over time is essential to understanding how the field has evolved and anticipating its future. For these reasons, we conducted the current study to evaluate gender, racial/ethnic, and duty trends in the field of plastic surgery over the past decade. METHODS: We evaluated data acquired by the American Medical Association and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. We extracted data from 2000 to 2015 including the overall number of plastic surgeons, surgeon race/ethnicity, gender, and primary professional activity. We calculated ratios and relative changes to assess potential differences across time and with other surgical specialties. RESULTS: The total number of plastic surgeons increased 11% from 2000 to 2013, reaching 7,970 active physicians and residents, the majority of whom were white (68.5%). Whites increased by 12%, reaching an overall relative increase of 1.4% among all plastic surgeons. Asians were the second largest group with a relative increase around 80% among plastic surgeons. Hispanic and African-Americans both almost doubled their proportion. Native Indians were the least represented group, however their number has been increased by 6-fold. The relative increase of white plastic surgeons was smaller than that of all other ethnic groups, and plastic surgery demonstrated a higher increase in minority physicians over time than surgery overall. The relative increase in female surgeons was 62% in both plastic surgery and surgery in general. Male physicians demonstrated a relative decrease of 7% in plastic surgery and 11.5% in surgery. Most plastic surgeons (98%) participate in patient care while a small portion are devoted to other activities (e.g., administrative, research, teaching). The relative change in these groups was (+)0.4% and (-)20%, respectively, rates similar to those in other surgical specialties. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the face of plastic surgery is changing and may be achieving racial and ethnic diversity more rapidly than other surgical specialties. The majority of plastic surgeons are involved with direct patient care with a decreasing number being completely devoted to non-patient care activities. It is important to monitor the composition of the surgical workforce to anticipate future deficiencies and excesses and to continue to serve a diverse patient population.
Surface plasmon–polariton waves guided by thin metal films (1991)

Surface plasmon-polariton modes supported by thin metal films surrounded by dissimilar semi-infinite dielectrics are studied. The dispersion of the modes is evaluated, and their characteristics are investigated when the metal film thickness and the superstrate refractive index are varied. Long-range surface plasmon-polaritons are shown to be supported even by highly asymmetric configurations.
Study on High-quality Finishing by EDM with Nonflammable Dielectric Fluid. (1995)

When in the use of EDM, use of kerosene as dielectric fluid is very common. However, from the point of safety, kerosene has many problems since it can cause a fire. Some studies were reported on EDM with nonflammable dielectric fluid. EDM with nonflammable dielectric fluid has an advantage over EDM with kerosene that it is free from fire and its rough-machining speed is faster. On the other hand, it has drawback that its finishing machining is not satisfactory.In this report, authors aim to improve the efficiency of the EDM with nonflammable dielectric fluid. Authors have found that the tar which is made in EDM process is responsible for the bad quality of finished surface. Because it is electrified, the tar adheres to the surface of the workpiece in EDM process. The adhering tar disturbs the machining stability, and degenerates the quality of EDMed surface.In order to improve the machining capacity, authors develop a new machining circuit. With this machining circuit, the voltage between the electrode and the workpiece is kept about 0V, and the electrified tar does not adhere to the workpiece. The performance of finishing-machining is greatly improved.
Delay of Treatment Initiation Does Not Adversely Affect Survival Outcome in Breast Cancer (2015)

Our results show that an interval between diagnosis and treatment initiation of 60 days or shorter does not appear to adversely affect DFS in breast cancer.