gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of new amphiphilic star polymers derived from a hyperbranched macroinitiator by the cationic ‘grafting from’ method (1999)

New amphiphilic star polymers possessing a hyperbranched core and hydrophilic graft arms have been prepared. The synthetic strategy involved esterification of the 4,4-bis(4′-hydroxyphenyl)valeric acid based hyperbranched polymer with 3-(chloromethyl)benzoyl chloride to obtain the hyperbranched macroinitiator followed by cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline to give amphiphilic polymers. Exchange of the chloride counter ion with trifluoromethanesulfonate (KCF3SO3 or AgCF3SO3) or iodide (KI) anions leads to higher polymerization rates. Phenyl 2-(chloromethyl)benzoate was used as a model initiator to study the effect of different coinitiators on the initiator efficiency. KI as a coinitiator yielded 56–86% initiator conversion whereas only 30–37% initiator conversion was achieved with KCF3SO3 or AgCF3SO3 as coinitiator after quantitative monomer consumption. Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) in methanol and chloroform for selected graft copolymers revealed the formation of single star molecules ranging from 22 to 50 nm in diameter.
Alternative Menus for Schools (1979)

Meals served by the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) represent a significant percentage of all meals consumed away from home. Approximately half of all students in elementary and secondary schools receive a lunch at school through the NSLP, amounting to about 4.2 billion meals per year.
Lilith: A software framework for the rapid development of scalable tools for distributed computing (1997)

Lilith is a general purpose framework, written in Java, that provides a highly scalable distribution of user code across a heterogeneous computing platform. By creation of suitable user code, the Lilith framework can be used for tool development. The scalable performance provided by Lilith is crucial to the development of effective tools for large distributed systems. Furthermore, since Lilith handles the details of code distribution and communication, the user code need focus primarily on the tool functionality, thus, greatly decreasing the time required for tool development. In this paper, the authors concentrate on the use of the Lilith framework to develop scalable tools. The authors review the functionality of Lilith and introduce a typical tool capitalizing on the features of the framework. They present new Objects directly involved with tool creation. They explain details of development and illustrate with an example. They present timing results demonstrating scalability.
Influence of Thermal Stresses on the Infrared Stimulability of Thallium-Doped Potassium Iodide Single Crystals (1964)

It was observed that the room-temperature infrared stimulability (IRS) of one KI crystal containing 1.2×10−3 mole% Tl was twice as high as that of another with 4.5×10−3 mole% Tl concentration. An experiment was designed to study this apparent discrepancy. X-ray rocking curves of the as-grown material showed that the crystal containing the lesser amount of Tl was plastically deformed, probably due to thermal stresses developed during crystal growth. Both crystals were subsequently annealed at 600°C. The change in the x-ray rocking curves for the originally deformed crystal suggested that there was an extensive rearrangement of the defect structure, mainly under the influence of stress fields around dislocations. Etch pit studies supported this conclusion. In the heavily doped crystal the annealing changed the misorientations of the substructure. This suggested subgrain boundary movement. Extrinsic ionic conductivity measurements showed similar behavior for both samples: In the as-grown state there were some free vacancies. Annealing almost eliminated them and increased the conductivity. After the annealing, the intensity of IRS of the lightly doped crystal dropped to about one-fifth of its original value; in the heavily doped crystal it did not change. Various models are discussed consistent with results for mechanically deformed samples. It is concluded that a certain kind of stress of a thermal nature is associated with the excessive IRS of the lightly doped sample.
Improvement of Laser Cooling of Ions in a Penning Trap by use of the Axialisation Technique (2002)

We report a study of the axialisation and laser cooling of single ions and small clouds of ions in a Penning trap. A weak radiofrequency signal applied to a segmented ring electrode couples the magnetron motion to the cyclotron motion, which results in improved laser cooling of the magnetron motion. This allows us to approach the trapping conditions of a Paul trap, but without any micromotion. Using an ICCD camera we show that the motion of a single ion can be confined to dimensions of the order of 10 $μ$m. We have measured increased magnetron cooling rates using an rf-photon correlation technique. For certain laser cooling conditions, the magnetron motion of the centre of mass of the cloud grows and stabilises at a large value. This results in the ions orbiting the centre of the trap together in a small cloud, as confirmed by photon-photon correlation measurements.
Modeling the HIV-1 Intasome: A Prototype View of the Target of Integrase Inhibitors (2010)

The HIV-1 integrase enzyme is essential for integrating the viral DNA into the host chromosome. Infection is aborted in the absence of integration, making integrase an attractive antiviral target. Recently approved inhibitors of integrase bind tightly to integrase assembled in a nucleoprotein complex with the viral DNA ends (intasome), but have only low affinity for free integrase. High-resolution structures of HIV-1 intasomes are therefore required to understand the detailed mechanisms of inhibition and resistance. Although the structure of the HIV-1 intasome has not yet been determined, the structure of the related prototype foamy virus (PFV) intasome was recently solved. A new study [1] exploits the PFV structure to model the HIV-1 intasome. The model provides the most reliable picture to date of the active site region of the HIV-1 intasome and is an important advance in studies of inhibition of this essential HIV-1 enzyme.
Literature Review of Inhibition for Vanadate Attack (1988)

There are economic advantages associated with burning lower cost residual and certain crude oils, but the corrosive deposits rich in alkali and vanadium promote hot corrosion and negate the savings in fuel costs. It appears possible to attenuate vanadium hot corrosion provided that it is recognized that the problem consists of two related corrosion phenomena. They are the accelerated oxidation of alumina forming materials by the glass forming vanadium pentoxide and the accelerated oxidation of these materials by fused alkali vanadates. It is recommended that a research program be initiated aimed at obtaining: 1) A better understanding of the process by which the vanadium in the fuel is transferred to the surface of turbine components in order to assess the feasibility of preventing vanadic deposition, 2) Kinetic data and an understanding of the chemistry involved in the formation of the glasses that form on the surface of the advanced alloys and coatings when they are covered with a film of V205 in order to cause devitrification through alloy modification or a fuel additive and 3) kinetic and thermochemical data for the accelerated oxidation of alkali vanadate coated gas turbine materials to identify the rate controlling process or weakest link so that appropriate changes can be made to the alloy or coating through a fuel additive to attenuate the corrosion.
Nitric oxide‐dependent hypotensive effects of adrenomedullin in rats (1996)

The association of nitric oxide (NO) with the hypotensive effects of adrenomedullin (AM) was investigated in anesthetized rats. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were used at 11–13 weeks of age. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured from the femoral artery under mild anesthesia using pentobarbital. AM, over the dose range of 0.3–3 nmol/kg iv, produced dose-dependent sustained hypotension and compensatory tachycardia. These effects of AM at 0.3, 1, and 3 nmol/kg iv were significantly stronger in SHR (−9 ±4, −53 ±9, and −62 ±7 mmHg) than in WKY (−4 ±1, −16 ±2, and −22 ±2 mmHg). Those at 1 nmol/kg iv were markedly inhibited in SHR (−53 to −19 mmHg) and in WKY (−16 to −12 mmHg) by treatment with the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 10 mg/kg iv). On the other hand, the difference of hypotensive effects in WKY and SHR by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and the inhibitory effect by the treatment with L-NAME were smaller than seen with AM. These effects of CGRP at 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, and 1 nmol/kg iv were in SHR (−7 ±2, −18 ±3, −42 ±4, and −74 ±3 mmHg) and in WKY (−7 ±1, −16 ±1, −26 ±3, and −41 ±2 mmHg), respectively. Those at 0.3 nmol/kg iv were not significantly inhibited in SHR (−42 to −43 mmHg) and in WKY (−26 to −20 mmHg) by treatment with L-NAME, 10 mg/kg iv. These results indicate that the AM hypotensive effect was more pronounced in the hypertensive state and strongly depends on NO synthesis. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
6α(7α)-Formamido penicillins and cephalosporins (1984)

6α(7α)-(Methylthio)penicillins and cephalosporins have been converted into novel antibacterially active 6α(7α)-formamido derivatives by using either mercury(II) acetate and ammonia followed by formylation, or mercury(II) acetate and N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl) formamide in a single step.
Mathematical models of hysteresis. Progress report, January 1992--December 1992 (1992)

This report discusses the mathematical models of the hysteresis of magnet materials and superconducting materials. (LSP)
LIL: an architecture-neutral language for virtual-machine stubs (2004)

High-performance MREs (managed runtime environments) that run either Java or CLI applications require machine code sequences, called stubs, to implement such runtime support operations as object allocation, synchronization, and native method invocation. Due to the frequency of these operations, implementing stubs efficiently is critical for performance. Also, the number of different stubs that have to be created and maintained makes stub creation a sizable part of an MRE's implementation. Stubs typically require access to low-level resources such as registers and the call stack, and often must be specialized at runtime for particular classes or methods. Although stubs can be implemented by generating hand-crafted machine code at runtime, this approach is tedious and error-prone, and leads to stubs that are non-portable and difficult to maintain.

To address these problems, we designed a domain-specific language, called LIL, for implementing stubs. LIL is low-level but architecture-neutral, allowing the creation of stubs that are both portable and efficient. LIL also abstracts away many implementation details, making stubs easier to read. It is lightweight enough to be used for dynamic stub generation. LIL's validity checker helps us to catch many errors early. Our preliminary experience using LIL indicates that it greatly eases development and maintenance of stubs without sacrificing performance.
Lanthanide <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dimethylaminodiboranates as a New Class of Highly Volatile Chemical Vapor Deposition Precursors (2012)

New lanthanide N,N-dimethylaminodiboranate (DMADB) complexes of stoichiometry Ln(H(3)BNMe(2)BH(3))(3) and Ln(H(3)BNMe(2)BH(3))(3)(thf) have been prepared, where Ln = yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, and lutetium, except that isolation of the desolvated complexes proved difficult for Eu and Yb. The tetrahydrofuran (thf) complexes are all monomeric, and most of them adopt 13-coordinate structures in which each DMADB group chelates to the metal center by means of four B-H···Ln bridges (each BH(3) group is κ(2)H; i.e., forms two B-H···Ln interactions). For the smallest three lanthanides, Tm, Yb, and Lu, the metal center is 12 coordinate because one of the DMADB groups chelates to the metal center by means of only three B-H···Ln bridges. The structures of the base-free Ln(H(3)BNMe(2)BH(3))(3) complexes are highly dependent on the size of the lanthanide ions: as the ionic radius decreases, the coordination number decreases from 14 (Pr) to 13 (Sm) to 12 (Dy, Y, Er). The 14-coordinate complexes are polymeric: each metal center is bound to two chelating DMADB ligands and to two "ends" of two ligands that bridge in a Ln(κ(3)H-H(3)BNMe(2)BH(3)-κ(3)H)Ln fashion. In the 13-coordinate complexes, all three DMADB ligands are chelating, but the metal atom is also coordinated to one hydrogen atom from an adjacent molecule. The 12-coordinate complexes adopt a dinuclear structure in which each metal center is bound to two chelating DMADB ligands and to two ends of two ligands that bridge in a Ln(κ(2)H-H(3)BNMe(2)BH(3)-κ(2)H)Ln fashion. The complexes react with water, and the partial hydrolysis product [La(H(3)BNMe(2)BH(3))(2)(OH)](4) adopts a structure in which the lanthanum and oxygen atoms form a distorted cube; each lanthanum atom is connected to three bridging hydroxyl groups and to two chelating DMADB ligands. One B-H bond of each chelating DMADB ligand forms a bridge to an adjacent metal center. Field ionization MS data, melting and decomposition points, thermogravimetric data, and NMR data, including an analysis of the paramagnetic lanthanide induced shifts (LIS), are reported for all of the complexes. The Ln(H(3)BNMe(2)BH(3))(3) compounds, which are highly volatile and sublime at temperatures as low as 65 °C in vacuum, are suitable for use as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) precursors to thin films.
SYMBOLIC APPROACHES FOR FINDING CONTROL STRATEGIES IN BOOLEAN NETWORKS (2009)

We present an exact algorithm, based on techniques from the field of Model Checking, for finding control policies for Boolean Networks (BN) with control nodes. Given a BN, a set of starting states, I, a set of goal states, F, and a target time, t, our algorithm automatically finds a sequence of control signals that deterministically drives the BN from I to F at, or before time t, or else guarantees that no such policy exists. Despite recent hardness-results for finding control policies for BNs, we show that, in practice, our algorithm runs in seconds to minutes on over 13,400 BNs of varying sizes and topologies, including a BN model of embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster with 15,360 Boolean variables. We then extend our method to automatically identify a set of Boolean transfer functions that reproduce the qualitative behavior of gene regulatory networks. Specifically, we automatically learn a BN model of D. melanogaster embryogenesis in 5.3 seconds, from a space containing 6.9 x 10(10) possible models.
The Utility of Allograft Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Spine Fusion: A Literature Review (2012)

More than 50% of patients complain of postoperative donor site morbidity following iliac crest bone graft harvest, and recent discoveries have identified adverse outcomes following bone morphogenetic protein use in spine fusion. This has led the spine community to turn toward alternative methods to promote fusion following spine surgery. The present article reviews numerous studies that have shown the osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs have been used with both in vitro and in vivo models and have involved animal studies ranging from rats to macaque monkeys to successfully induce bone regeneration in lesions of the tibia and spine. There is no fear of graft rejection, as there may be with other allograft materials, because neither undifferentiated nor differentiated MSCs elicit lymphocyte response when transplanted; they tend to alter the cytokine profile to an anti-inflammatory state. Early clinical trials are underway with various commercially available MSC formulations. Although there is much enthusiasm, it is integral that the spine surgery community carefully evaluate the use of MSCs in spine fusion through well-designed and executed studies to determine the efficacy and safety profiles in spine surgery patients.
Novel Intramolecular Reactivity of Oximes: Synthesis of Cyclic and Spiro‐Fused Imines. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
[Local rotational flap of the nail]. (1987)

An original pattern of nail flap is described. It consists of a longitudinal band of lateral nail matrix and bed associated with its lateral wall. A vascular anatomic study with latex neopren infusion has been performed. The dorsal branch of the medial phalangeal artery could be shown to be the arterial pedicle of the flap. The venous system was shown to be concomitant. Eight nail autoplasties have been performed in eight cases, proving the reliability of the flap. It provides an interesting way of reconstruction of the nail in tumors, black longitudinal nail bands, posttraumatic and also post-infectious lesions of the nail.
Anti‐High‐Mobility Group Box Chromosomal Protein 1 Antibodies Improve Survival of Rats with Sepsis (2006)

The present study demonstrates that anti-HMGB1 antibodies are effective in the treatment of severe sepsis in a rat model, thereby supporting the relevance of HMGB1 eradication therapy for severe sepsis.
Integration of High Resolution Borehole Seismic Data with Multi-Component 3D Surface Seismic Data for Cost Effective Reservoir Recovery (2001)

F-24 INTEGRATION OF HIGH RESOLUTION BOREHOLE SEISMIC DATA WITH MULTI- COMPONENT 3-D SURFACE SEISMIC DATA FOR COST EFFECTIVE RESERVOIR RECOVERY ERNEST L. MAJER 1 THOMAS L. DAVIS 2 ROBERT D. BENSON 2 GUOPING LI 3 1 RICHARD T. COATES VALERIE A. KORNEEV and LAWRENCE A. WALTER 1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA 2 Colorado School of Mines 3 Schlumberger Currently there is a critical need to increase the recovery from existing and new reservoirs. Water flooding and tertiary recovery operations using such methods as hydrofracturing steam and/or CO2 injections are all being used in a
Paradoxes of multiple elections: an approximation approach (2012)

When agents need to make decisions on multiple issues, ap-plying common voting rules becomes computationally hard due to the exponentially large number of alternatives. One computationally efficient solution is to vote on the issues se-quentially. In this paper, we investigate how well the winner under the sequential voting process approximates the winners under some common voting rules that admit natural scoring functions that can serve as a basis for approximation results. We focus on multi-issue domains where each issue is bi-nary and the agents ’ preferences are O-legal, separable, rep-resented by LP-trees, or lexicographic. We show some gener-alized paradoxes of multiple elections: Sequential voting does not approximate many common voting rules well even when the preferences are O-legal or separable. However, these paradoxes are much alleviated or even completely avoided when the preferences are lexicographic or represented by LP-trees. Our results thus draw a border for conditions un-der which sequential voting rules, which have extremely low computational and communicational cost, are good approxi-mations of some common voting rules w.r.t. their correspond-ing scoring functions.
Coherent receivers for demanding applications (2016)

Demand for increasing data rates in long haul, access, and wireless transport will with no doubt rely on the increased capacity and flexibility of coherent optical communications. Development of high performance monolithically integrated coherent receivers will redound in cost reduction and contribute to the widespread use of this technology in all the aforementioned scenarios. In this communication we will review several proposals to increase the performance and lower the cost of monolithically coherent receivers.
Identification of Critical, Conserved Vicinal Aspartate Residues in Mammalian and Bacterial ADP-ribosylarginine Hydrolases (1999)

NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferases and ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolases catalyze opposing arms of a putative ADP-ribosylation cycle. ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolases from mammalian tissues and Rhodospirillum rubrum exhibit three regions of similarity in deduced amino acid sequence. We postulated that amino acids in these consensus regions could be critical for hydrolase function. To test this hypothesis, hydrolase, cloned from rat brain, was expressed as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein in Escherichia coli and purified by glutathione-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Conserved amino acids in each of these regions were altered by site-directed mutagenesis. Replacement of Asp-60 or Asp-61 with Ala, Gln, or Asn, but not Glu, significantly reduced enzyme activity. The double Asp-60 --> Glu/Asp-61 --> Glu mutant was inactive, as were Asp-60 --> Gln/Asp-61 --> Gln or Asp-60 --> Asn/Asp-61 --> Asn. The catalytically inactive single and double mutants appeared to retain conformation, since they bound ADP-ribose, a substrate analogue and an inhibitor of enzyme activity, with affinity similar to that of the wild-type hydrolase and with the expected stoichiometry of one. Replacing His-65, Arg-139, Asp-285, which are also located in the conserved regions, with alanine did not change specific activity. These data clearly show that the conserved vicinal aspartates 60 and 61 in rat ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase are critical for catalytic activity, but not for high affinity binding of the substrate analogue, ADP-ribose.
Palladium mixed-metal surface-modified AB5-type intermetallides enhance hydrogen sorption kinetics : research article (2010)

Surface engineering approaches were adopted in the preparation of advanced hydrogen sorption materials, based on 'low-temperature', AB5-type intermetallides. The approaches investigated included micro-encapsulation with palladium and mixed-metal mantles using electroless plating. The influence of micro-encapsulation on the surface morphology and kinetics of hydrogen charging were investigated. It was found that palladium-nickel (Pd-Ni) co-deposition by electroless plating significantly improved the kinetics of hydrogen charging of the AB5-type intermetallides at low hydrogen pressure and temperature, after long-term pre-exposure to air. The improvement in the kinetics of hydrogen charging was credited to a synergistic effect between the palladium and nickel atoms in the catalytic mantle and the formation of an 'interfacial bridge' for hydrogen diffusion by the nickel atoms in the deposited layer. The developed surface-modified materials may find application in highly selective hydrogen extraction, purification, and storage from impure hydrogen feeds.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition to 1‐Alkenylphosphonates. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.