gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manufacture and physical properties of alginate fiber papers as an analysis model of cellulosic fiber papers (1986)

Abstract The staple fibers of Ca alginate or alginic acid were found to have interfiber self‐bonding, which allowed us to make papers composed of fibers with homogeneous fiber diameter and fiber length without binders. The analysis of the effect of the molecular weight (MW) and fiber diameter on physical properties of the sheets showed that strength factors, except zero span breaking length and tear index, increased with increase of MW of alginic acid up to 6 × 10 5 dalton. The folding endurance was the most sensitive to MW, requiring a MW of 5 × 10 5 dalton or higher to reach the level of 10 folds. The breaking length of alginate fiber papers ranged from 2.0 to 3.5 km and was higher than that of the corresponding free acid fiber sheets. Investigation of the effect of fiber length indicated that the folding endurance increased almost linearly with increase in fiber length but that the breaking length and tear index were maximum at a fiber length of 3.0 mm, suggesting that these factors were mainly influenced by sheet formation. The paper formability of the metallic salts of alginate fiber was as follows: Ca 2+ > Ba 2+ > Al 3+ > > Fe 3+ . The admixture of acidic polysaccharides, such as pectin and κ ‐carrageenan with Na alginate, also made it possible to spin continuous yarn. Papers obtained from the admixed fibers had higher bulk density and Young's modulus by 1.5–1.8 times and were very transparent, just like glassine paper. X‐ray microanalysis showed that the Ca alginate fiber had no skin‐core structure, homogeneously distributing Ca 2+ in whole fiber.
Critical Review of the Ankle Brachial Index (2008)

Ankle brachial index (ABI) has been utilized in the management of peripheral arterial disease (PAD).ABI is a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis and recent studies indicate its utility as a predictor of future cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Even so, this critical test is underutilized. The purpose of this review is to summarize available evidence associated with ABI methodology variances, ABI usage in the treatment of PAD, and ABI efficacy in predicting cardiovascular disease. This review further evaluates how ABI is used in the prognosis and follow-up of lower extremity arterial disease.We reviewed the most current American College of Cardiology guidelines for the management of PAD, the Trans Atlantic Intersociety Consensus (TASC) working group recommendations, and searched the Medline for the following words: ankle brachial index, ABI sensitivity and specificity, and peripheral arterial disease.The ABI is a simple, noninvasive clinical test that should not only be applied to diagnose PAD, but also to provide important prognostic information about future cardiovascular events. Although the ABI has been employed in clinical practice for some time, our review of various studies reveals a lack of standardization regarding both the method of measuring ABI and the cutoff point for abnormal ABI. It is extremely important that we understand all aspects of this crucial test, as it is now being recommended as part of a patient's routine health risk assessment.
Evaluation of the speed trailer as a community road safety resource in Christchurch (2003)

A speed trailer, a type of speed information device that tells vehicles how fast they are travelling, has been used in Christchurch for several years. The Christchurch City Council and the Land Transport Safety Authority evaluated the effectiveness of speed trailers using four separate surveys. Measurement of the speeds of free running vehicles before and after the speed trailer with a control survey when the trailer was not present found that the trailer had an effect on speeds for at least 200 metres downstream of the trailer. A survey of 27 schools found that most thought the trailer had an effect on vehicle speeds, raised awareness of vehicle speeds, and helped learning about speeds. A survey of 544 drivers, interviewed after they had passed the trailer, found most had noticed it and knew what it was. The majority said it made them more aware of their speeds. Nearly half the drivers made positive comments about the trailer. The researchers concluded that the trailer does slow traffic, it makes drivers more aware of their speeds and it provides an educational tool for schools and their communities. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E210298.
Understanding and Controlling the Morphology of ZnO Crystallites under Hydrothermal Conditions (1997)

Abstract The morphological features of ZnO crystallites influenced by solution basicity under hydrothermal conditions have been studied from the standpoint of the incorporation of the growth units. A crystal chemistry approach is developed to understand and thus to control a desirable morphology of the crystallites. The effects of the additive OH − on the crystal morphology of ZnO crystallites are qualitatively but satisfactorily explained by a mechanism considering two aspects: (1) solution structures and the structural forms of growth units under a certain growth condition, i.e. the interactions between the solvent molecules and the growth units; and (2) the influence of the solvent molecules or additives on growth interfaces, particularly on two polar faces of ZnO crystallites in terms of the inhibition or promotion of the incorporation of various growth units depending on the solution basicity. Since the incorporation rates of the growth units are different on positive and negative polar faces, the relative growth rates of these faces are different and thus lead to the habit modifications. The approach clearly demonstrates that the hindrance of crystal growth is a consequence of surface adsorption processes.
Corrosion Inhibitors:  Design, Performance, and Computer Simulations (2005)

The development of a methodology to predict the performance of a corrosion inhibitor (CI) using specific types of modeled and experimental surfaces and their subsequent estimation is presented. For previously reported imidazoline CIs, the theoretical partition coefficients and molecular volumes were calculated, providing a guide for molecular engineering of new imidazolines. The new CIs, N-[2-(2-alkyl-4,5-dihydroimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]alkylamides and N-[2-(2-alkyloylaminoethylamino)ethyl]alkylamides, were designed, prepared, and their theoretical partition coefficients and molecular volumes calculated. These indexes were correlated between tested and prototype CIs to select the best ones for the corrosion inhibition tests. The inhibition efficiencies were measured through potentiodynamic polarization curves (PPC), linear polarization resistance (LPR), and weight loss measurements (WLM) for SAE-1010 and SAE-1018 steels. The leading molecules were 1-(2-decylaminoethyl)-2-decylimidazoline and 1-(2-dodecylaminoethyl)-2-dodecylimidazoline with WLM efficiencies (steel 1010), of 62.8 and 78.9%, respectively. The efficiencies for the PPC/LPR tests (steel 1018) were 97 and 94%. To understand the mechanism of action of CIs, a simple model is suggested for the growth of self-assembled monolayers of CIs on a crystalline substrate. This model takes into account the amphiphilic nature of the inhibitor molecule on the adsorption process. Despite the simplicity of the model, the Monte Carlo simulations reproduce qualitatively many of the experimentally observed features involved in the formation of monolayers and provide a tentative explanation for the mechanism of corrosion inhibition.
Alteration of the striatal dopaminergic system in human narcolepsy (2003)

Striatal D2/D3 dopaminergic receptors have been proposed to play a role in cataplexy. The authors studied the striatal presynaptic dopamine transporter and postsynaptic D2-receptors in seven patients with narcolepsy and seven control subjects using [123I](N)-(3-iodopropene-2-yl)-2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-chlorophenyl)tropane and [123I](S)-2-hydroxy-3-iodo-6-methoxy-([1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl]methyl)benzamide SPECT. D2-receptor binding was elevated in narcolepsy (p = 0.017) and correlated with the frequency of cataplectic and sleep attacks (R > or = 0.844, p < or = 0.017). The human striatal dopaminergic system is altered in vivo in narcolepsy/cataplexy.
Resumen del taller sobre el uso de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) para distinguir entre Trypanosoma cruzi y tripanosoma rangeli (1993)

This workshop on the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect and differentiate T. cruziand T. rangeli had as its main purpose the transfer of this technology to laboratories in Colombia. To demonstrate this technique, we used clinical samples or isolates obtained from endemic areas of Colombia. In order to evaluate the possible effect of different culture media components on the sensitivity of PCR, analyses were performed on trypanosomes that were grown in different culture media. The DNA was extracted from these cells by boiling, Geneclean, and hypotonic Iysis. The DNA was amplified using a conserved 22 synthetic oligonucleotide sequence within the tandemly repeated mini-exon gene from T. cruzi and T. rangel;. The two organisms were distinguished by the electrophoretic mobilities of their respective amplification products. The confirmation of the identity of the PCR products was obtained using species-specific probes from intergenic regions. Hybridisation was visualised by the NBT colour reaction. From a total of 28 samples analysed, 17 identifications were in agreement with their prior identification. From 5 unknown samples, three were identified as T. rangeli and two as mixed infections. We obtained only two ambiguous identificationscaused by contamination in samples or PCR reaction. Only two samples could not be identified by PCR because of DNA extraction problems. The results from this workshop support the potential of the PCR technique as a usefuI additional tool for the detection and diagnosis of Chagas' disease in Colombia.
Traveling-Wave Light Modulator (1965)

A small variation to a previously proposed traveling-wave laser modulator can give a 20% increase in modulation index. This is done at the sacrifice of a small additional optical loss and somewhat greater complexity in construction.
LANDER SHOCK-ALLEVIATION TECHNIQUES (1998)

Introduction The goal of the recently completed “Lander Shock Alleviation Techniques” TRP study was to identify, analyse, manufacture and test shock-alleviation devices capable of limiting impact loads to well-defined levels. It covered the overall landing subsystem as well as specially adapted support devices for sensitive equipment and payloads. Two types of landers were considered, namely hardor penetratorpresented below, together with details of the conceptual design, manufacture and testing of the various prototype devices that have been devised.
Comparative protective effect of <i>N</i>‐acetyl cysteine and tetramethylpyrazine in rats with gentamicin nephrotoxicity (2008)

Gentamicin (GM) is used against serious and life-threatening infections, but its use is limited by the occurrence of nephrotoxicity, which involves the generation of free radicals. In this work we tested the effect of a compound with antioxidant properties, tertamethylpyrazine (TMP), a major constituent of the Chinese medicinal plant Lingusticum wallichi, on GM-induced nephrotoxicity, and compared it with an established anti-oxidant compound N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Six groups of rats were studied: (1) control, treated orally (p.o.) and intraperitoneally (i.p.) with saline; (2) treated i.p. with GM (80 mg kg(-1) per day for 6 days); (3) TMP, given p.o. (100 mg kg(-1) per day for 10 days) + GM (same dose as above during the last 6 days); (4) NAC, given i.p. (500 mg kg(-1) per day for 10 days) + GM as above; (5) TMP (100 mg kg(-1) per day for 10 days) + saline; (6) NAC (500 mg kg(-1) per day for 10 days) + saline. GM nephrotoxicity was characterized by reduced creatinine clearance, increased creatinine and urea concentrations in plasma, increased urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) and total protein. These functional and structural alterations were prevented or ameliorated by NAC treatment, while TMP had only a slight mitigating effect that was less marked than that produced by NAC. The concentration of GM in the renal cortex of the rats given GM + NAC (but not TMP) was lower than that found in rats treated with GM alone by about 25%. The mechanism by which NAC and, to a lesser extent TMP, protected against GM-induced nephrotoxicity may be related, at least in part, to the decrease in oxidative stress in renal cortex.
Surfactant protein-A receptor-mediated inhibition of calcium signaling in alveolar type II cells. (1997)

Receptor-mediated inhibition of cellular activating signals is not well understood. Type II alveolar cells secrete surfactant in response to such secretagogs as terbutaline, calcium (Ca) ionophores (e.g., ionomycin [Io]), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). A cell membrane receptor for SP-A, one of the surfactant proteins, regulates secretion by negative feedback. We used quantitative fluorescence microscopy to study the effects of SP-A on alterations in cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) elicited by surfactant secretagogs. Freshly isolated type II cells were loaded with Fura-2, then treated with secretagog, in the presence or absence of SP-A. Io and ATP produced biphasic increases in cytosol [Ca2+]i, reflecting first Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, and then influx through the cell membrane. Thapsigargin (TG) and Io directly initiate Ca2+ release; ATP elicits Ca2+ release via receptor-mediated mechanisms. Ca2+ release causes cell membrane Ca channels to open by as yet poorly understood mechanisms. Io itself acts as an additional Ca2+ channel. SP-A blocks much of the Ca2+ release and some of the Ca2+ influx elicited by these secretagogs. Antibody against SP-A receptor restores secretagog-induced Ca2+ fluxes from inhibition by SP-A, confirming that the inhibitory activity of SP-A is mediated through its receptor. Type II cells incubated in Ca2+-free medium plus SP-A show diminished Ca2+ release responses to TG or ATP, suggesting that the action of SP-A to prevent secretagog initiated increases in [Ca2+]i may reflect its ability to block Ca2+ release from cytoplasmic Ca stores. The feedback inhibition of surfactant secretion by SP-A may, correspondingly, be a manifestation of this effect. Because recent work suggests that TGF-beta also inhibits Ca2+ fluxes, SP-A and TGF-beta could be representative of a group of physiologic regulators that act by modulating intracellular Ca signaling.
Mediation and Joke Design: Resolving the Incongruities (1992)

The purposes of this Article are: (1) to highlight some of these new discoveries; (2) to discuss their implications for mediators generally, particularly toward achieving super-optimum resolutions of conflict; (3) to explore the relationship of these discoveries to the brain's bilateral functions, creativity, and the process of humor and joke design; (4) to suggest techniques, based on joke design, for altering conflict frames of disputants; and (5) to suggest directions for further experimentation and research. Although the interrelationships among the separate topics presented here may not be immediately discernible, the seeming incongruities will be resolved in Part VIII
Polarization-dependent optical parameters of arbitrarily anisotropic homogeneous layered systems (1996)

We present a unified theoretical approach to electromagnetic plane waves reflected or transmitted at arbitrarily anisotropic and homogeneous layered systems. Analytic expressions for the eigenvalues for the four-wave components inside a randomly oriented anisotropic medium are reported explicitly. As well, the partial transfer matrix for a slab of a continuously twisted biaxial material at normal incidence is described. Transition matrices for the incident and exit media are presented. Hence, a complete analytical 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4 matrix algorithm is obtained using Berreman's 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4 differential matrices [D. W. Berreman, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 62, 502 (1972)]. The algorithm has a general approach for materials with linear optical response behavior and can be used immediately, for example, to analyze ellipsometric investigations. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Structural, Compositional, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Solution-Grown Zn[sub x]Cd[sub 1−x]S Films (2000)

Thin films of zinc cadmium sulfide have been prepared in the entire range from ZnS to CdS by using a chemical solution growth technique. Structural, compositional, optical, and electrical properties of thin films of have been studied as a function of x. X‐ray studies show that as‐grown films are composed of a hexagonal phase in the range 0 ≤x < 0.5 and a cubic sphalerite phase for x ≥ 0.5. Film optical parameters were evaluated and correlated with the composition ratio, x. These studies show that films of different compositions have two direct transitions with corresponding energy gaps Eg and . The variations in and with x indicate that is an amalgamation type following quadratic equations with bowing parameters 0.3 and 0.5, respectively. The resistivity of solution‐grown films was found to increase with increasing x. The effect of boron doping on electrical properties was also investigated. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Simple method for confirming tibial osteotomy during total knee arthroplasty (2012)

We determined the accuracy of the tibial osteotomy in the coronal plane using the protractor to be satisfactory.
Component Analysis: An Alternative System (1975)

Summary The main purpose of the paper is to introduce a system of components as a substitute for the principal components. Some difficulties involved in the use of the principal components are pointed out and an alternative system, regression components, is described. It is shown that the use of the latter components may lead to conclusions different from those obtained by means of the former. The results of analyses for a number of examples are reported, and comparisons with principal components have been drawn. The effect of changing the sign of variates is also dealt with, and results for two examples are reported. The use of components as regressors in regression analysis and the methods of studying relationship between groups of variates are discussed. It is suggested that the use of canonical variates should be supplemented or substituted by other methods. It is emphasized that the variates must be chosen and used so as to obtain meaningful results.
Changes in brain amino acids and nitric oxide after melatonin administration in rats with pentylenetetrazole‐induced seizures (2003)

We examined the effect of melatonin on brain levels of amino acids and nitric oxide (NO) after pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in rats. Animals were treated with melatonin (10-160 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before PTZ administration (100 mg/kg, s.c.), and were killed 3 hr later. At the dose of 80 mg/kg, melatonin significantly increased the latency (5.7-12.7 min) and decreased the duration (31.2-18.4 s) of the first seizure, reducing PTZ induced mortality from 87.5 to 25%. After kill, brains were removed and neurotransmitters and nitrite levels measured in prefrontal cortex (PF), parieto-temporal cortex (PF), striatum (ST), hippocampus (HP) and brain stem (BS) by high performance liquid chromatography. PTZ treatment increased glutamine levels in all brain areas studied, without changes in glutamate, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and glycine. Aspartate and taurine increased in PF and PT and in HS and PT, respectively. Melatonin administration displayed a dose-dependent effect. At doses of 10-40 mg/kg, melatonin counteracted the PTZ-induced glutamine increase and reduced both glutamate and aspartate levels in the studied areas, with minor changes in GABA and glycine content. At doses of 80 and 160 mg/kg, the levels of glutamine, and glutamate, and to a lesser extent aspartate increased, whereas serine levels did not change. These two doses of melatonin also increased taurine, GABA and glycine in most brain areas studied. Treatment with melatonin (40-160 mg/kg) significantly decreased nitrite content in PT cortex, ST and BS areas of epileptic rats, without changes in the other brain regions. The results suggest that the anticonvulsant property of melatonin involves a modulation of both brain amino acids and NO production.
Pseudo pin assignment for single-layer over-the-cell routing (2002)

In a CMOS double metal gate-array technology, only the M2 layer is available for over-the-cell routing. A systematic algorithms that intelligently converts global wires into pseudo-pins and assigns them to each row of cells is presented. The final positions of pseudo-pins provide a feasible solution for one-layer routine over the cells and minimize wire densities in the adjacent two-layer routing channels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A pressure based charge control system for the DSPSE NiH2 CPV battery (1994)

The following topics are discussed: the Electrical Power Subsystem; the Eclipse Energy Requirements; the NiH2 CPV battery; and the battery pressure transducer. The discussion is presented in viewgraph format.
3D Face Pose Estimation Based on Face Feature Points and Linear Regression (2008)

In this paper,the improved method of active shape model is used to extract face feature points accurately,then a coarse estimation value is obtained by using face feature points,and takes this coarse value as the starting value,precise value of 3D face pose is obtained based on linear regression iteration.The experiment results show that the new method not only can achieve steady and only 3D face pose,but also has better estimation accuracy compared with the same kind of method.
Estimates of Noncorporate Private Saving in Pakistan: 1949-1962 (1964)

This paper presents some partial and preliminary estimates of saving of the noncorporate private sector of the Pakistan economy. It is a part of a joint effort to make some more detailed estimates of saving for the entire economy, in which the Institute of Development Economics has been cooperating. It is hoped that more complete estimates for the whole economy will be available in the near future, but due to the importance of saving in the economic develop¬ment policy and planning, we feel it is worthwhile to present the data and analysis for this sector. There are estimates of saving in Pakistan for the period 1955/56 to the present, but these have been calculated in a very indirect manner, and they present no breakdown as to the sources of saving by sector. The procedure followed in the Planning-Commission estimates in the Mid-Plan Review1 was to estimate gross investment and to deduct from gross investment all "deve¬lopment imports" financed from abroad. As has been pointed out by John H. Power in his evaluation of the Mid-Plan Review, this method of estimating domestic saving is incorrect2, and he has presented some adjusted figures for the first two years of the Second Plan. The Planning-Commission estimation pro¬cedure, even if the proper definitions are used, is likely to result in serious errors in the volume of gross saving, and it does not give any information on the sources of domestic saving.