gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Normal values and reproducibility of the real time beat-to-beat index of cardiac vagal tone in healthy humans - a multicentre study (2014)

BACKGROUND: The parasympathetic nervous system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of gastrointestinal disorders including irritable bowel syndrome. Within the field, cardiometric parameters of parasympathetic/vagal tone are most commonly derived from time, or frequency, domain analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), yet it has limited temporal resolution. Cardiac vagal tone (CVT) is a non-invasive beat-to-beat measure of brainstem efferent vagal activity that overcomes many of the temporal limitations of HRV parameters. However, its normal values and reproducibility in healthy subjects are not fully described. The aim of this study was to address these knowledge gaps. METHODS: 200 healthy subjects (106 males, median age 28 years, range 18-59 years) were evaluated across three study centers. After attachment of CVT recording equipment, 20 min of data (resting/no stimulation) was acquired. 30 subjects, selected at random, were restudied after 1 year. RESULTS: The mean CVT was 9.5±4.16 linear vagal scale (LVS). Thus, the normal range (mean±2 standard deviations) for CVT based on this data was 1.9-17.8 LVS. CVT correlated negatively with heart rate (r=-0.6, P=0.001). CVT reproducibility over 1 year, as indexed by an intra-class correlational coefficient of 0.81 (95% confidence interval 0.64-0.91), was good. CONCLUSIONS: In healthy subjects, the normal range for CVT should be considered to be 1.9-17.8 LVS and is reproducible over 1 year. Future research utilizing CVT should refer to these values although further study is warranted in patient groups.
A System for a Hand Gesture-Manipulated Virtual Reality Environment (2016)

Extensive research has been done using machine learning techniques for hand gesture recognition (HGR) using camera-based devices; such as the Leap Motion Controller (LMC). However, limited research has investigated machine learning techniques for HGR in virtual reality applications (VR). This paper reports on the design, implementation, and evaluation of a static HGR system for VR applications using the LMC. The gesture recognition system incorporated a lightweight feature vector of five normalized tip-to-palm distances and a k-nearest neighbour (kNN) classifier. The system was evaluated in terms of response time, accuracy and usability using a case-study VR stellar data visualization application created in the Unreal Engine 4. An average gesture classification time of 0.057ms with an accuracy of 82.5% was achieved on four distinct gestures, which is comparable with previous results from Sign Language recognition systems. This shows the potential of HGR machine learning techniques applied to VR, which were previously applied to non-VR scenarios such as Sign Language recognition.
Distributed asynchronous gradient algorithms for convex network flow problems (2005)

The author considers the solution of the single commodity strictly convex network flow problem. The dual of this problem is unconstrained and differentiable. It is shown that the structure of the dual problem allows the successful application of a distributed asynchronous gradient method whereby gradient iterations are carried out by several processors in arbitrary order and with arbitrarily large interprocessor communication delays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREFERRED AND ENERGETICALLY OPTIMAL WALKING SPEEDS IN YOUNG CHILDREN 93 (1997)

In adults, the aerobic demand (˙VO2) required to walk a given distance is lowest at ≈1.3 m/s. It has also been shown that adults select walking speeds that minimize ˙VO2. To determine if this relationship exists in young children, 29 6-yr olds ([horizontal bar over]X height = 118.5 ± 3.8 cm; [horizontal bar over]X body mass = 21.9± 2.4 kg) completed 5-min level treadmill walking bouts at 6 speeds(0.67, 0.89, 1.12, 1.34, 1.56 and 1.79 m/s). ˙VO2 was quantified from expired gas samples collected during the last 2 min of each bout. Quadratic speed-VO2 curves were derived for each subject to predict the speed at which ˙VO2 was minimal. Preferred walking speed was also calculated from the average of at least 10 overground trials. Results indicated no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the most economical walking speed (MEWS) (1.28 ± 0.07 m/s) and the freely-chosen walking speed (1.30 ± 0.14 m/s). These findings reveal a similarity in MEWS between prepubescents and adults and suggest that, like adults, young children choose walking speeds that yield the lowest ˙VO2. From a theoretical perspective, our findings provide additional support for the notion that optimization of energy costs is a fundamental principle governing human locomotion.
Displacement Design Procedure for Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) Rocking Walls with Sacrificial Dampers (2015)

This paper presents the preliminary design of a rocking Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) wall using a displacement-based design procedure. The CLT wall was designed to meet three performance expectations: immediate occupancy (IO), life safety (LS), and collapse prevention (CP). Each performance expectation is defined in terms of an inter-story drift limit with a predefined non-exceedance probability at a given hazard level. U-shape flexural plates were used to connect the vertical joint between the CLT panels to obtain a ductile behavior and adequate energy dissipation during seismic motion. A design method for ensuring self-centering mechanism is also presented.
Concurrent testing of VLSI circuits using conservative logic (2002)

A concurrent error detection and design for testability technique based on conservative logic is presented. The theoretical derivations and experimental results show that conservative logic provides inherent support for concurrent error detection, and the resulting circuits can be tested using only two test patterns, independent of the function performed by the circuit. The background definitions are presented, and the fundamental conservative logic theory is developed. Several example designs of adder and multiplier circuits are presented and analyzed to illustrate the developed theory. A possible implementation of a conservative logic gate is presented, and its use in a VLSI circuit is described. The resulting circuit has been fabricated using the MOSIS process. The primary disadvantage of the approach is shown to be the implementation technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reliable delivery of broadcast packet in Bluetooth (2002)

In the Bluetooth wireless system, each broadcast packet is retransmitted for a fixed number of times. However, there is a trade-off between the number of retransmission and the effective throughput. Also, reliable packet delivery is not guaranteed. Therefore, we propose a reliable broadcast packet delivery policy, which is called NACK-based retransmission policy in which the number of retransmission is dynamically adjusted in order that all the slaves can receive the packet correctly. Our simulation results show that the NACK-based retransmission policy guarantees reliable packet delivery and maximizes the effective throughput by preventing a broadcast packet from being retransmitted unnecessarily.
Digestion and absorption of lipids in the ruminant (1969)

Although this Symposium is concerned primarily with events in the abomasum and intestinal tract, it is necessary first to consider briefly the fate of dietary lipids in the reticule-rumen since this has consequences which significantly affect the chemical and physical state of the lipids which pass on to the abomasum and small intestine. While many of the studies which are discussed refer to sheep, it is reasonable to suppose that the findings apply to ruminants in general.
Using integral coil to drive a two-axis gyroscope (1997)

Employing a coil assembly to drive a magnetic rotor makes a two-axis gyroscope simple and compact. A conventional coordinate-transformation method is introduced to derive the dynamic equations related to the gyroscope and to analyze the sensor coils that can provide the information about the gyro position with respect to the vehicle axis. By small angle approximation, a new simplified linear model for analyzing the two axis gimbaled platform of the navigation system is proposed. Within /spl lambda//spl les/20/spl deg/, it is successful to explain the performance of the platform.
On concise set of relative candidate keys (2014)

Matching keys, specifying what attributes to compare and how to compare them for identifying the same real-world entities, are found to be useful in applications like record matching, blocking and windowing [7]. Owing to the complex redundant semantics among matching keys, capturing a proper set of matching keys is highly non-trivial. Analogous to minimal/candidate keys w.r.t. functional dependencies, relative candidate keys (RCKs [7], with a minimal number of compared attributes, see a more formal definition in Section 2) can clear up redundant semantics w.r.t. "what attributes to compare". However, we note that redundancy issues may still exist among rcks on the same attributes about "how to compare them". In this paper, we propose to find a concise set of matching keys, which has less redundancy and can still meet the requirements on coverage and validity. Specifically, we study approximation algorithms to efficiently discover a near optimal set. To ensure the quality of matching keys, the returned results are guaranteed to be RCKs (minimal on compared attributes), and most importantly, minimal w.r.t. distance restrictions (i.e., redundancy free w.r.t. "how to compare the attributes"). The experimental evaluation demonstrates that our concise RCK set is more effective than the existing rck choosing method. Moreover, the proposed pruning methods show up to 2 orders of magnitude improvement w.r.t. time costs on concise RCK set discovery.
Segment routing based traffic engineering for energy efficient backbone networks (2014)

Energy consumption has become a limiting factor for deploying large-scale distributed infrastructures. This work <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> seeks to improve the energy efficiency of backbone networks by providing an intra-domain Software Defined Network (SDN) approach to selectively turn off a subset of links. We propose the STREETE framework (SegmenT Routing based Energy Efficient Traffic Engineering) that dynamically adapts the number of powered-on links to the traffic load. The core of the solution relies on SPRING, a novel protocol being standardized by IETF. It is also known under the name of Segment Routing. The algorithms have been implemented and evaluated using the OMNET++ simulator. Experimental results show that the consumption of 44% of links can be reduced while preserving good quality of service.
BIOCONTROL POTENTIAL OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA ON MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA AND ITS EFFECT ON PLANT GROWTH IN BHENDI (2010)

ABSTRACT A random survey was conducted to obtain endophytic bacterial isolates in different agroecosystems comprising of ten districts in Tamil Nadu. Nineteen endophytic bacterial isolates were obtained from surface-sterilized roots of different crops. Study on the morphological, phenotypic and biochemical characterization of endophytic bacteria revealed that eight isolates viz., EB1 to EB8 belong to the group of Pseudomonas sp., ten isolates viz., EB9 to EB18 belong to the group of Bacillus sp. and isolate EB19 belongs to Methylobacterium sp. On seed bacterization with nineteen endophytic bacterial isolates, four isolates viz., EB3, EB16, EB18 and EB19 significantly enhanced the germination percentage, shoot and root length and vigour index of bhendi seedlings by roll towel technique and pot culture studies. Eight endophytic bacterial isolates were screened for their nematicidal action against Meloidogye incognita under pot culture conditions. The study revealed that the culture filtrates of endophytic bacterial isolates viz., EB3, EB16, EB18 and EB19 significantly reduced the number of adult females, egg masses, eggs/ eggmass, root and soil infestation of M. incognita. The lowest root gall index (1.00) was registered both in EB16 and EB18 isolates and it was followed by EB19 and EB3 (1.33) compared to untreated control (4.67)
A Framework For Temporal Geographic Information (1988)

This paper defines the critical components of cartographic time and compares temporal and spatial topologies. Because time is topologically similar to space, spatial data structuring principles can be adapted to temporal data. We present three conceptualizations of temporal geographic information and select one as the most promising basis for a temporal geographic information system. This conceptualization creates a spatial composite of all geometric information (at all times), where each object has an attribute history distinct from that of its neighbors.
Dissolution or growth of soluble spherical oscillating bubbles: the effect of surfactants (1995)

A new theoretical formulation is developed for the effects of surfactants on mass transport across the dynamic interface of a bubble which undergoes spherically symmetric volume oscillations. Owing to the presence of surfactants, the Henry's law boundary condition is no longer applicable; it is replaced by a flux boundary condition that features an interfacial resistance that depends on the concentration of surfactant molecules on the interface. The driving force is the disequilibrium partitioning of the gas between free and dissolved states across the interface. As in the clean surface problem analysed recently (Fyrillas & Szeri 1994), the transport problem is split into two parts: the smooth problem and the oscillatory problem. The smooth problem is treated using the method of multiple scales. An asymptotic solution to the oscillatory problem, valid in the limit of large Péclet number, is developed using the method of matched asymptotic expansions. By requiring that the outer limit of the inner approximation match zero, the splitting into smooth and oscillatory problems is determined unambiguously in successive powers of [weierp ] −1/2 , where [weierp ] is the Péclet number. To leading order, the clean surface solution is recovered. Continuing to higher order it is shown that the concentration field depends on R I [weierp ] −1/2 , where R I is the (dimensionless) interfacial resistance associated with the presence of surfactants. Although the influence of surfactants appears at higher order in the small parameter, surfactants are shown to have a very significant effect on bubble growth rates owing to the fact that the magnitude of R I is approximately the same as the magnitude of [weierp ] 1/2 at conditions of practical interest. Hence the higher-order ‘corrections’ happen numerically to be of the same magnitude as the leading-order, clean surface problem. This is the fundamental reason for major increases in the bubble growth rates associated with the addition of surfactants. This is in contrast to the case of a still, surfactant-covered bubble, in which the first-order correction to the growth rate is of order R I [weierp ] −1 and presents a [weierp ] −1/2 correction. Finally, although existing experimental results have shown only enhancement of bubble growth in the presence of a surfactant the present theory suggests that it is possible for a surfactant, characterized by weak dependence of interfacial resistance on surface concentration, to inhibit rather than enhance the growth of bubbles by rectified diffusion.
Techniques for Testing the Constancy of Regression Relationships Over Time (1975)

Summary Methods for studying the stability over time of regression relationships are considered. Recursive residuals, defined to be uncorrelated with zero means and constant variance, are introduced and tests based on the cusum and cusum of squares of recursive residuals are developed. Further techniques based on moving regressions, in which the regression model is fitted from a segment of data which is moved along the series, and on regression models whose coefficients are polynomials in time are studied. The Quandt log-likelihood ratio statistic is considered. Emphasis is placed on the use of graphical methods. The techniques proposed have been embodied in a comprehensive computer program, timvar. Use of the techniques is illustrated by applying them to three sets of data.
Traditional herbal medicines : microbial contamination, consumer safety and the need for standards : research letter (2006)

Many South Africans use traditional herbal treatments, such as Hypoxis hemerocallideal/Ig (African potato), Bulbine natalensis 
(rooiwortel) and Sutherlandia frutescensl/Ig (kankerbos) for a multitude of common disorders. They are also used, inappropriately, for HIV / AIDS prevention and management due to the inaccessibility of 
antiretroviral drugs. This study assessed the microbial quality of 
herbal medicines from shops in the Nelson Mandela Metropole 
(Port Elizabeth). Significant contamination by bacteria and fungi 
suggested inadequate storage facilities and poor hygienic practice 
during preparation of these medicines. A Staphylococcus aureus 
strain isolated showed resistance to methicillin and vancomycin. 
lIgBacillusl/Ig diarrhoeal enterotoxin was detected in three of the medicines, 
directly jeopardizing public safety. Hence, introduction of 
standards or guidelines for the microbiological quality control 
of traditional herbal medicines is imperative in addition to better 
criteria for use based on scientific evidence.
SU-D-116-05: Automatic Detection of Ring and Streak Artifacts in Routine CT QC Images (2013)

Purpose: To develop an image analysis algorithm for effectively detecting ring and streak artifacts in CT water phantom images to improve the review of a large number of daily QC images. Methods: Daily QC water phantom images were acquired and transferred to a computer server. The images were analyzed using a computer program developed for ring and streak artifact detection. For ring artifact detection, an average HU along circles of different radii is computed. A statistical bias correction accounts for different levels of noise depending on the circle radius. A score is assigned based on the maximum difference of the HU averages between circles. For streak artifact detection, HU averages are computed along parallel lines at different angles. The noise level bias due to different line lengths in the phantom is corrected. Artifacts are scored using the maximum difference between HU averages along all lines. GPU computation is used for real time computation. Scores are accessed via a web interface, where a QC technologist reviews 700–1000 routine daily QC scores sorted by severity and visually inspects the highest scored images. Thresholds of scores can be defined form service actions depending on severity of the artifacts. An email notification is sent automatically when a score is above a threshold value. Results: The program of automatic ring artifact detection has been in use for our daily CT QC of 21 CT scanners for over one year. Visual evaluations of QC images for artifacts confirmed that this automatic system detected ring artifacts and functioned as expected. Streak artifact detection has been implemented more recently and requires validation. This program has also been extended to process large-phantom images acquired on a weekly basis. Conclusion: Automatically detecting ring and streak artifacts in CT QC images is practically feasible, reduces manpower and provides consistent results.
Sonars from the 1960s through to the 1990s (1992)

The author has reviewed his own involvement in sonar design and research from the mid 1960s through to the present time. This experience has been very rewarding and has involved the author in a wide range of skills which are relevant to the designers of today, and more particularly those of the future. >
Are Vicilins Another Major Class of Legume Lectins? (2014)

Legume lectins comprise a structurally related, Ca/Mn-dependent, widespread, abundant and well characterized lectin family when compared to the large number of lectins from other sources described in the literature. Strangely enough, no specific function has been assigned to them aside from a possible role in storage and/or defense. Using a recent and fine-tuned methodology capable of specific lectin identification, β-conglutin, Vicia faba vicilin and β-lathyrin, the vicilin storage globulins from Lupinus albus, V. faba and Lathyrus sativus, respectively, were shown to be capable of affinity binding to thoroughly washed erythrocyte membranes and of specific elution with appropriate sugars. Based on this evidence and on sparse data published in the literature, a second family of legume lectins is proposed: the 7S family of storage proteins from leguminous seeds, or family II of legume lectins. These lectins are also structurally related, widespread and well characterized. In addition, they self-aggregate in a Ca/Mg, electrostatic dependent manner and are even more abundant than the family I of legume lectins. Using the same evidence, reserve and defense roles may be attributed to family II of legume lectins.
Electron irradiation induced outgrowths from quartz (1995)

The irradiation of natural and ultrapure synthetic crystalline quartz by a stationary electron beam produces surface outgrowths, which have been analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, cathodoluminescence spectroscopy, and microscopy. Oxygen enrichment of the quartz surface occurs due to electromigration resulting from the trapped charge induced electric field. It is proposed that the accumulated oxygen is incorporated into the quartz surface structure as peroxy linkages, the formation of which results in the permanent volume increase observed as amorphous outgrowths on crystalline quartz. A cathodoluminescence emission at 2.3 eV localized on the outgrowths, is attributed to an intrinsic process.
Extracts of Edible and Medicinal Plants in Inhibition of Growth, Adherence, and Cytotoxin Production of  <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>  and  <i>Campylobacter coli</i> (2011)

Innovative tools for controlling Campylobacter, such as natural products from plants, represent good alternatives for use in foods or as therapeutic agents. The extracts of Acacia farnesiana, Artemisia ludoviciana, Opuntia ficus-indica, and Cynara scolymus were the most effective against these microorganisms. Adherence and cytotoxic activity of the bacteria to host mucosal surfaces which are critical steps in pathogenesis were decreased by these extracts. Our results point to these plants as potential candidates for the control of Campylobacter contamination in foods, the treatment of the diseases associated with this microorganism, and as feed supplements to reduce on-farm prevalence of Campylobacter.
Flow Cytometric Assessment of Leukocyte Function in Sickle Cell Anemia (2011)

Sickle cell anemia is associated with susceptibility to infection due to hyposplenism and the reduced ability of neutrophils to kill pathogenic organisms. In this study, blood samples from sickle cell anemia patients were divided into two groups: the painful crisis group and the steady state group. Flow cytometric assessment of phagocytosis and burst formation of neutrophils and monocytes as well as basophil function were performed, and these were compared to those of age- and sex-matched normal control subjects. Neutrophils and monocytes in sickle cell anemia patients were significantly different from those in the normal control subjects in the areas of weaker phagocytosis, fewer ingested bacteria and reduced burst formation. Basophil degranulation was normal. This pilot study using flow cytometry explains in part the susceptibility to infection of sickle cell anemia patients despite their high neutrophil and monocyte counts.