gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireless Remote Microaccelerometer (1998)

The integration of MEMS, SAW devices and required microelectronics and conformal antenna to realize a programmable wireless accelerometer is presented in this paper. This unique combination of technologies results in a novel accelerometer that can be remotely sensed by a microwave system with the advantage of no power requirements at the sensor site. The microaccelerometer presented is simple in construction and easy to manufacture with existing silicon micromachining techniques. The relatively small size of the sensor makes it an ideal conformal sensor The accelerometer finds application as air bag deployment sensors, vibration sensors for noise control, deflection and strain sensors, inertial and dimensional positioning systems, ABS/traction control, smart suspension, active roll stabilization and four wheel steering. The wireless accelerometer is very attractive to study the response of a dummy in automobile crash test.
Optimal Advertising Budget Allocation across Markets with Different Goals and Various Constraints (2020)

Advertising budget allocation across multiple markets has drawn considerable attention in recent years. To expand previous research and fill a gap in the current literature, this study proposes two decision models for optimal budget allocation decisions across multimarkets with different goals and various constraints. In addition to the market parameters proposed by the Vidale–Wolfe model, the present study incorporates market goals and advertising objectives into budget allocation decisions. Different types of markets are defined in terms of the goal set for market share or profit. Given the characteristics of different markets, two separate decision models are developed. Model I aims to maximize sales volume given a fixed advertising budget, while model II seeks to minimize the advertising budget given a total of targeted sales volume for all the markets. Solutions to the two models are discussed, and a numerical example is provided to demonstrate how to apply the models in making budget allocation decision.
Evaluation of Sulfur‐coated Urea (SCU) Applied to Irrigated Potatoes and Corn<sup>1</sup> (1976)

Abstract Excessive rates of soluble N fertilizers are sometimes used on irrigated sands in Central Wisconsin to compensate for loss of some of the applied N by leaching. Use of a slow‐release form of N or several small applications of a soluble N fertilizer may eliminate some leaching and subsequent loss of NO 3 ‐N. This study was designed to evaluate these methods of reducing N losses by measuring yield and recovery of applied N by potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers and corn ( Zea mays L.) grain. Supplemental N treatments applied each year for 3 years were as follows: 1) urea in a single or split application, 2) SCU impregnated with a wax coating, and 3) SCU with only a sulfur coating. Recovery of applied N by tubers from a single urea application was extremely low in 1972 due to severe leaching induced by abnormally high precipitation. Slow‐release SCU carriers produced higher yields and N recovery that year because their slow dissolution reduced leaching losses of N. However tuber yields and recovery of N from urea treatments were greater than from SCU treatments in 1973 and 1974 because of reduced leaching those years. In addition, the supplemental N (urea or SCU) for all potato treatments was protected from leaching in 1973 and 1974 by placement of the N into a relatively dry zone of the potato hill. Corn yields and grain N recovery were similar among carriers of N in 1972 and higher from urea than SCU in 1973 and 1974. The greater recovery of N from urea by corn grain as compared to potato tubers in 1972 apparently was due to the deeper rooting of corn. Furthermore the potatoes received twice as much water by irrigation as compared to the corn. Oat ( Avena sativa L.) forage yields from both trials in 1975 indicated there was greater residual N in SCU plots than urea plots due to incomplete release of urea‐N from SCU. Adequate dissolution of SCU‐N within a single growing season occurred only under severe N‐leaching conditions.
Fast-Handover Mechanism between 802.11 WLAN and 802.16 WiMax with MIH in PMIPv6 (2009)

As the wireless Internet services become widely available, users become able to use various Internet services without restriction in location. In particular, the demands on wireless Internet services are becoming greater, because mobile devices that support high mobility are getting smarter. However, if a user uses various wireless networks, much limitation occurs in network setting when they move a network different each other. This is because there are few appropriate handover mechanisms to support a heterogeneous network. We propose a fast-handover for heterogeneous networks that utilizes MIH in PMIPv6 to support heterogeneous networks and to reduce the handover latency time. The result presented shows that suggestion has reduced latency time of 26% and packet losses of 90% (Avg.).
Integrated gate driver circuit solutions (2010)

Power electronics systems are commonly used in motor drive, power supply and power conversion applications. They cover a wide output power spectrum: from several hundred watts in small drives up to megawatts in wind-power installations or large drive systems. Inside the system the gate driver circuit with its extensive control and monitoring functions forms the interface between the microcontroller and the power switches (IGBT). This paper will provide an overview of different gate driver topologies for different power ranges and will show numerous examples for monolithic integration of the driver functionality. Chipsets for high power drivers with a real potential separation (galvanic insulation) are the starting point, and a new and innovative concept for a digital gate driver and its integration is presented. In the second part, fully integrated gate driver solutions for the low power range, their technologies, circuit aspects and specific designs are shown and discussed.
Impact of Skill Requirements on Employees’ Thriving at Work: From the Perspective of Artificial Intelligence Embedding (2021)

Artificial intelligence applications such as self-driving car, intelligent customer service robots, and intelligent financial robots have brought many conveniences to the public and brought huge benefits to various industries. Therefore, they are rapidly popularized in life and work scenarios. After the introduction of artificial intelligence into the workplace, this article focuses on the impact of skill requirements with creativity and human-machine collaboration ability on employees’ thriving at work. We believe that in the artificial intelligence application scenario, skill requirements can help employees free themselves from repetitive and complicated work, so that they can better appreciate the value, significance and achievement of work, and obtain a happy psychological experience of job competence, which can stimulate their thriving at work. Through the empirical test, we find that skill requirements triggered by artificial intelligence can enhance employees’ sense of competence and enhance their sense of work vigor. Moreover, the higher the cooperation between employees and intelligent machines is, the higher the human-computer cooperation relationship is. Skill demands will make employees feel a stronger sense of competence, and their energy will be more vigorous. The application of artificial intelligence technology crafts the psychology of employees by changing skill requirements.The research has the following theoretical contributions. First, we introduce artificial intelligence into the field of employee psychology and behavior, and find that in artificial intelligence application scenarios, the increase in skills requirements triggers positive changes of employees’ work enthusiasm, which enriches the research on the relationship between skills requirements and thriving at work. Second, we reveal the inner psychological mechanism of skill requirements affecting thriving at work. In view of the fact that the introduction of artificial intelligence into enterprises has led to an increase in skill requirements, this article finds that skill requirements affect the need for competence, which in turn affects the sense of work vigor, which opens up the internal black box where skill requirements affect the sense of work vigor. Third, from the perspective of human-computer cooperation relationship, the analysis of the boundary conditions that play a role between skill requirements and employees’ work enthusiasm has enriched the research on thriving at work.In short, this article introduces artificial intelligence into the field of organizational psychology, enriches the research on the relationship between skill requirements and employees’ thriving at work, and also provides inspiration for companies to rationally stimulate employees’ thriving at work.
Momentum-Preserving Shaped Holes for Film Cooling (2007)

Shaped holes increase film-cooling effectiveness by using the Coanda effect to make the cooling jet stay attached to the surface and an expanding flow cross-sectional area about the hole exit to make the cooling jet spread out laterally so that more surface can be cooled. Though shaped holes increase lateral spreading, downstream penetration of the coolant is reduced because the expanding cross-sectional area decreased the momentum of the cooling flow. This paper presents a new shaped-hole design concept to enable increased lateral spreading as well as greater downstream penetration. The new shaped-hole design concept involves a W-shaped cross-sectional area in which the middle part of the W-shape protrudes and widens as the W-shaped hole widens. The goal is to keep the film-cooling flow cross-sectional area nearly constant as the shaped hole widens so that momentum can be preserved to increase both lateral and streamwise coverage of the film-cooling jet. To examine the usefulness of this design concept, CFD analyses were performed for two W-shaped holes. In one design, the W-shaped hole is similar to traditional shaped holes except that the middle part of the shaped hole is protruded to form the W shape. In the other design, the W-shaped hole continues as a shallow trench that is aligned with the main flow direction to minimize the entrainment of hot gases and to reduce pressure drag and aerodynamic interference. Computed results show the W-shaped-hole design concept to be promising in enhancing surface adiabatic effectiveness.
Cancer risk in patients with allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis: A nationwide cohort study in Taiwan (2011)

It has long been a debate that whether atopy is a risk factor or protective factor for cancer. However, no large-scale study of different cancers in patients with atopic diseases has been conducted among Asians. Here, we conducted a nationwide study to evaluate the cancer risk in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD). Drawing on Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, 225,315 patients with AR, 107,601 patients with asthma and 34,263 patients with AD without prior cancers were identified in the period from 1996 to 2008. The standard incidence ratio (SIR) of each cancer was calculated. Although the overall cancer risks in patients with atopic symptoms were not increased, the risks were slightly elevated in female patients with AR or asthma (SIR: 1.13 and 1.08, AR and asthma, respectively) and slightly decreased in males patients with AR. Those aged 20-39 years-old possessed the highest risk. A higher risk of developing brain cancer was found in patients with atopic diseases, and patient with AR or asthma also had an elevated risk of developing cancer of kidney and urinary bladder. In contrast, the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer was lower in patients with AR and asthma. Compared to patients with only one atopic disease, those with more than one atopic disease had lower cancer risks. Our data suggests that the association between atopy and cancer is site-specific.
Analysis of the electro‐optic effect in anisotropic crystals with 2‐mm AND 3‐m point group symmetry using a first‐order perturbation technique (1993)

Abstract The results of a recently proposed perturbation approach are successfully applied to the analysis of the Pockels effect in some representative electro‐optic crystals, namely, potassium niobate and lithium niobate crystals. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Simultaneous extrapolation of RCS in both angular and frequency domains based on AWE technique (2002)

Abstract The radar cross section (RCS) of a target is dependent on frequency as well as angle. The method of moments (MoM) in conjunction with the asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) technique is applied to predict the monostatic RCS of an arbitrarily shaped two‐dimensional cylinder in both the frequency and angular domains simultaneously. The electric‐field integral equation (EFIE) of the cylinder is solved using the MoM to obtain the equivalent current on the cylinder. In the AWE technique, the equivalent current at a given frequency and angle is expanded in the desired frequency and angle band in a binomial Taylor's series. The binomial Taylor's series coefficients are then matched via the Pade approximation to a rational function. Using the rational function, the current is obtained at any frequency and angle within the interesting frequency and angular range, which is in turn used to calculate the RCS of the cylinder. The use of this method for extrapolation of the RCS has at least two significant advantages: one being the obtained RCS analytical formulas, and the other being a significant decrease in the amount of time required for modeling problems with large computational domains. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 290–293, 2002.
Continuous Retardation Spectrum for Solidification Theory of Concrete Creep (1995)

The basic creep of concrete is the time-dependent strain caused by a sustained stress in absence of moisture movements. It is the strain observed on sealed specimens. Similar to other properties of concrete, it is dependent on the age of concrete, as a consequence of long-time chemical reactions associated with the hydration of cement. This paper formulates the solidification theory with a continuous retardation spectrum, and shows how this spectrum can be readily and unambiguously identified from arbitrary measured creep curves and how it then can be easily converted to a discrete spectrum for numerical purposes. The identification of the continuous spectrum is based on Tschoegl's work on viscoelasticity of polymers. Attention is limited to basic creep.
Recent Progress in the Development of a Gas Scintillation Proportional Counter for X-Ray Astronomy (1977)

In X-ray astronomy there is a need for a large-area satellite-borne detector, which has a significantly better energy resolution than the classical proportional counter, in order to observe det-ailed X-ray spectral features in a variety of astrophysical objects. A gas scintillation proportional counter, (GSPC), seems to fulfill these requirements. Results are presented demonstrating: (a) an energy resolution of 8.35% (FWHM) at 6 keV, (b) the ability of the GSPC to reject more than 90% of the background events normally falling within a selected energy window. In addition results are presented on the optimisation of the working parameters of the GSPC, and on the development of a large area detector.
[Reinnervation of posterior cricoarytenoid muscle: a comparison of nerve implantation and neuromuscular pedicle transfer in an animal model]. (1993)

Recently, methods of reinnervating posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) have been reported by many authors. This study was undertaken to compare direct implantation (NI) of a branch of the ansa cervicalis supplying the sternothyroid muscle with the transfer of a neuro-muscular pedicle of the ansa cervicalis innervating the sternothyroid muscle (NMP) in a denervated PCA dog model. Both were carried out immediately after denervation. The results showed that reinnervation with return of physiological function of PCA were got by both methods of nerve transfer. The NMP was apparently superior to the NI. The reason was that the NMP implanted more motor end-plates into the denervated PCA. So the NMP should be chosen first when possible. The NI is consistently effective when NMP is not available.
A practical algorithm for rendering interreflections with all-frequency BRDFs (2014)

Algorithms for rendering interreflection (or indirect illumination) effects often make assumptions about the frequency range of the materials' reflectance properties. For example, methods based on Virtual Point Lights (VPLs) perform well for diffuse and semi-glossy materials but not so for highly glossy or specular materials; the situation is reversed for methods based on ray tracing. In this article, we present a practical algorithm for rendering interreflection effects with all-frequency BRDFs. Our method builds upon a spherical Gaussian representation of the BRDF, based on which a novel mathematical development of the interreflection equation is made. This allows us to efficiently compute one-bounce interreflection from a triangle to a shading point, by using an analytic formula combined with a piecewise linear approximation. We show through evaluation that this method is accurate for a wide range of BRDFs. We further introduce a hierarchical integration method to handle complex scenes (i.e., many triangles) with bounded errors. Finally, we have implemented the present algorithm on the GPU, achieving rendering performance ranging from near interactive to a few seconds per frame for various scenes with different complexity.
The Involvement of Bax in Zinc-Induced Mitochondrial Apoptogenesis in Malignant Prostate Cells (2008)

This report extends and confirms that physiological levels of zinc induce apoptosis in prostate cells. The study provides evidence that zinc is directly involved in facilitating a Bax-associated pore formation process that initiates mitochondrial apoptogenesis. This is enhanced by an additional effect of zinc on increasing the cellular level of Bax. To avoid the anti-tumor apoptogenic effects of zinc, the malignant cells in prostate cancer posses genetic/metabolic adaptations that prevent the cellular accumulation of zinc.
HIV Infection Decreases Intracellular Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide [NAD] (1995)

We report that HIV-1 infection of human cells in vitro leads to significant decreases in the intracellular concentration of NAD. This decrease varies with viral load and HIV strain. In tissue culture, cells lacking CD4 receptors or cells incubated with heat inactivated virus do not demonstrate this decrease in NAD. Nicotinamide, the amide form of the vitamin niacin, increases intracellular NAD levels in uninfected cells as expected. Our data demonstrate that nicotinamide also maintains increased intracellular NAD concentrations in HIV infected cells. We conclude that HIV induces a state of intracellular pellagra which is reversed by the administration of nicotinamide.
Syntheses, characterization, optical properties, and charge‐transfer complexation study of fluorescent poly(aryl‐ether‐urea) dendrimers (2007)

Abstract An inexpensive and highly efficient synthesis of first example of fluorescent aromatic dendrimers having alternative ether and urea linkages without the need for protection and deprotection steps has been developed. Dendrons and dendrimers up to third generation, with amine end‐groups, were prepared by convergent growth approach in high yield. A repetitive synthetic sequence of nucleophilic addition reaction between amine and regenerated isocyanate and reduction of nitro groups into amine are adopted for the synthesis of these dendrimers. The peripheries of the dendrimers contained 6, 12, and 24 amino groups, for the first, second, and third generation, respectively. Materials were characterized by FTIR, NMR, and MALDI‐TOF MS spectrometry. These dendrimers were soluble in amide solvents, THF and acetone and displayed fluorescence maxima in the 440–500 nm range with relatively narrow peak widths indicating that they had pure and intense fluorescence. These dendrimers form charge‐transfer (CT) complexes with electron acceptor molecules such as 7,7,8,8,‐tetracyano‐quino‐dimethane and 1,1,2,2 tetracyanoethane as evidenced by UV‐visible absorption spectra. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 713–724, 2008
MEASUREMENTS ON AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF A NEW "THERMAL GRADIENT" VACUUM PUMP (1964)

An experimental model of a new type of vacuum pump was built and its behavior studied. Pumping was achieved without moving parts, fluid-driving media, or absorption media, by using thermal effects only. Results showed that pumps of practical size and performance most likely can be built.
Microwave Irradiation versus Conventional Heating in the Synthesis of N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone Catalyzed by Highly Active Copper Powder (2011)

A convenient one-pot synthesis of N -methyl-2-pyrrolidone is achieved either by conventional heating or microwave irradiation. The intermediate N -methyl-4-hydroxybutyramide formedfromthe exothermic reaction of γ -butyrolactone with aqueous methylamine undergoes an intramolecular condensation reaction catalyzed by highly active copper powder to formthe pyrrolidone in good yield. Keywords:  Copper catalyst, N -methyl-2-pyrrolidone, methylamine, γ -butyrolactone, one-pot synthesis, microwave irradiation
A high performance RNS multiply-accumulate unit (2001)

This paper discusses the VLSI implementation of a new architecture for a multiply-accumulate unit based on Residue Number System (RNS). The architecture and VLSI implementation of an arbitrary-moduli RNS MAC are given. The cost and performance are analyzed with respect to other designs, and the analysis indicates that the design is generally quite competitive.
Management of acute and chronic pancreatitis. (1980)

Pancreatitis, which is most generally described as any inflammation of the pancreas, is a serious condition that manifests in either acute or chronic forms. Chronic pancreatitis results from irreversible scarring of the pancreas, resulting from prolonged inflammation. Six major etiologies for chronic pancreatitis have been identified: toxic/ metabolic, idiopathic, genetic, autoimmune, recurrent and severe acute pancreatitis, and obstruction. The most common symptom associated with chronic pancreatitis is pain localized to the upper-to-middle abdomen, along with food malabsorption, and eventual development of diabetes. Treatment strategies for acute pancreatitis include fasting and short-term intravenous feeding, fluid therapy, and pain management with narcotics for severe pain or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories for milder cases. Patients with chronic disease and symptoms require further care to address digestive issues and the possible development of diabetes. Dietary restrictions are recommended, along with enzyme replacement and vitamin supplementation. More definitive outcomes may be achieved with surgical or endoscopic methods, depending on the role of the pancreatic ducts in the manifestation of disease.
The synthesis of imidazo[4,5‐c]‐, <i>s</i>‐triazolo[4,3‐b]‐, and tetrazolo[1,5‐b]pyridazines (1964)

Abstract The adenine analog, 7‐aminoimidazo[4,5‐c]pyridazine (XII) and three other members of this previously unknown ring system have been prepared. The adenine analog, 8‐amino‐tetrazolo[1,5‐b]pyridazine (I) has also been prepared together with three other compounds in this ring system. The novel displacement of halogen in nitrogen heterocycles with phosphorus pentasulfide has been extended.