gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integration of signaling and cytoskeletal remodeling by Nck in directional cell migration (2013)

Planar and apical-basal cellular polarization of epithelia and endothelia are crucial during morphogenesis. The establishment of these distinct polarity states and their transitions are regulated by signaling networks that include polarity complexes, Rho GTPases, and phosphoinositides. The spatiotemporal coordination of signaling by these molecules modulates cytoskeletal remodeling and vesicle trafficking to specify membrane domains, a prerequisite for the organization of tissues and organs. Here we present an overview of how activation of the WASp/Arp2/3 pathway of actin remodeling by Nck coordinates directional cell migration and speculate on its role as a signaling integrator in the coordination of cellular processes involved in endothelial cell polarity and vascular lumen formation.
Fabrication and characterization of ZnO:PPLN crystal fiber by electric-field induced micro-swing technique (2004)

A novel electric-field induced micro-swing poling technique was developed to fabricate quasi-phase-matched crystal fibers. Flat and poled-through domain period of 16.3 /spl mu/m was achieved with a diameter of less than 200 /spl mu/m and a diameter variation within 1%.
Radiation analysis and mitigation framework for LEO small satellites (2017)

In this paper we present a low-cost framework for radiation analysis and mitigation for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) small satellites. Radiation effects of interest are the Total Ionizing Dose (TID), Single Event Effects (SEE) and solar cell degradation. A comprehensive, step-by-step study on these radiation effects are presented using the Galassia nanosatellite and Kent Ridge-1 microsatellite from the National University of Singapore, launched on December 16, 2015 to a Near-Equatorial LEO at 550 km altitude and 15° inclination. Based on this framework, we have evaluated that both Galassia and Kent Ridge-1 would survive the radiation environment, having only accumulated TID of an estimation of 0.023 krad/year and 0.016 krad/year, respectively. Additionally, we have also evaluated (and confirmed on-orbit) that Galassia and Kent Ridge-1 experience SEE. Fault Detection, Isolation and Recovery (FDIR) techniques discussed in this paper managed to help in the continuation of the operation. Lastly, solar cell degradation on both Galassia and Kent Ridge-1 due to radiation is estimated to be negligible.
Enhanced Raman scattering from liquid metal films formed from silver sols (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnhanced Raman scattering from liquid metal films formed from silver solsKeith C. Gordon, John J. McGarvey, and K. Paul TaylorCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 18, 6814–6817Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100355a046https://doi.org/10.1021/j100355a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views401Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Algorithms for some intersection searching problems involving curved objects (1993)

Three classes of geometric intersection searching problems are considered, i.e., problems in which a set $S$ of geometric objects is to be preprocessed into a data structure so that for any query object $q$, the objects of $S$ that are intersected by $q$ can be counted or reported efficiently. In the first class, $S$ is a set of linear objects, such as lines or line segments, and $q$ is a curved object, such as a circle, disk, or circular arc. In the second class, $S$ is a set of curved objects, such as $d$-balls, $d$-spheres, circles, or circular arcs, and $q$ is also a curved object. In the third class, which is a generalization of the first two, the objects in $S$ are curved or linear and each is assigned a color. Given a query $q$, such as a disk or an annulus, the goal is to count or report the distinct colors of the objects intersected by $q$. Efficient solutions are presented for a wide variety of problems from these classes. The solution techniques are based on geometric transformations, on compositions of known solutions for simplex range searching, on the locus approach, and on persistent data structures. Previously, efficient solutions for such curved intersection searching problems were known only for the case where $S$ consists of curved objects and $q$ is linear.
Unique copper‐induced oligomers mediate alpha‐synuclein toxicity (2009)

Parkinson's disease and a number of other neurodegenerative diseases have been linked to either genetic mutations in the alpha-synuclein gene or show evidence of aggregates of the alpha-synuclein protein, sometimes in the form of Lewy bodies. There currently is no clear evidence of a distinct neurotoxic species of alpha-synuclein to explain the death of neurons in these diseases. We undertook to assess the toxicity of alpha-synuclein via exogenous application in cell culture. Initially, we showed that only aggregated alpha-synuclein is neurotoxic and requires the presence copper but not iron. Other members of the synuclein family showed no toxicity in any form and inherited point mutations did not alter the effective toxic concentration of alpha-synuclein. Through protein fractionation techniques, we were able to isolate an oligomeric species responsible for the toxicity of alpha-synuclein. This oligomeric species has a unique stellate appearance under EM and again, requires association with copper to induce cell death. The results allow us to suggest that the toxic species of alpha-synuclein in vivo could possibly be these stellate oligomers and not fibrils. Our data provide a link between the recently noted association of copper and alpha-synuclein and a potential role for the combination in causing neurodegeneration.
A Comparison of Main Rotor Smoothing Adjustments Using Linear and Neural Network Algorithms (2006)

Helicopter main rotor smoothing is a maintenance procedure that is routinely performed to minimize airframe vibrations induced by non-uniform mass and/or aerodynamic distributions in the main rotor system. This important task is both time consuming and expensive, so improvements to the process have long been sought. Traditionally, vibrations have been minimized by calculating adjustments based on an assumed linear relationship between adjustments and vibration response. In recent years, artificial neural networks have been trained to recognize non-linear mappings between adjustments and vibration response. This research was conducted in order observe the character of the adjustment mapping of the Vibration Management Enhancement Program's PC-Ground Base System (PC-GBS). Flight data from the UH-60, AH-64A, and AH-64D were utilized during the course of this study. What has been determined is that the neural networks of PC-GBS produce adjustments that can be reproduced by a linear algorithm, thus implying that the shape of the mapping is in fact linear.
Effect of anabolic steroid on experimental wound healing in calves (1997)

Nandralone Laurate, an anabolic steroid, was administered i.m. @ 50 mgper calf alternately for 3 days after creating skin deep wounds. The biochemical analysis of granulation tissues collected at 5,10, 15 and 20 days after wounding indicated that anabolic steroid administration leads to significant increase in the levels of alkaline phosphatase, protein, DNA and RNA of granulation tissue when compared with their respective controls. Key Words: Alkaline phosphatase, DNA, Healing, RNA, Proteins, Steroids.
Short Communication: HIV Antigen-Specific Reactivation of HIV Infection from Cellular Reservoirs: Implications in the Settings of Therapeutic Vaccinations (2011)

Therapeutic vaccinations using human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigens in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have so far been attempted with the purpose of inducing CTL response. However, they can also be useful as a strategy for activation of latent HIV reservoir, which is thought to be mainly comprised of latently infected HIV-specific memory CD4 cells, eventually leading to elimination of the virus. The present study was carried out to explore the ability of different HIV antigens to activate HIV replication as assessed by intracellular P24 detection as well as to induce T cell responses in terms of cytokine expression by flow cytometry after stimulation of PBMCs from HIV-infected patients. HIV antigens were found to be able to activate most of the CD4 T cells harboring proviral DNA. HIV-1 Pol and Env were responsible for induction of higher HIV replication in terms of both magnitude and frequency followed by Gag and Nef. As opposed to this, Pol and Env contributed to fewer numbers of polyfunctional CD8 cells desirable for elimination of HIV-infected cells in comparison to Gag and Nef. Thus, HIV antigens may provide a strategy for the activation of a latent reservoir. It was observed that HIV replication started as early as half an hour after in vitro activation indicating a stringent need for maintaining effective concentrations of antiretroviral drugs to prevent further spread of HIV during this process. HIV-infected cells were found to be responsible for higher IL-10 secretion after activation, which could also serve as one of the reasons for suppressed CD8 responses to Pol and Env as more HIV-infected CD4 cells would be secreting IL-10 in response to these antigens. Since IL-10 blockade helped to improve immune responses in terms of cytokine secretion, it should be considered in settings of therapeutic vaccination to improve CTL responses, which will ultimately limit the persistence of the viral reservoir.
Secretion of Ligninolytic Enzymes and Mineralization of <sup>14</sup> C-Ring-Labelled Synthetic Lignin by Three <i>Phlebia tremellosa</i> Strains (1994)

Production of ligninolytic enzymes by three strains of the white rot fungus Phlebia tremellosa (syn. Merulius tremellosus) was studied in bioreactor cultivation under nitrogen-limiting conditions. The Mn(II) concentration of the growth medium strongly affected the secretion patterns of lignin peroxidase and laccase. Two major lignin peroxidase isoenzymes were expressed in all strains. In addition, laccase and glyoxal oxidase were purified and characterized in one strain of P. tremellosa. In contrast, manganese peroxidase was not found in fast protein liquid chromatography profiles of extracellular proteins under either low (2.4 muM) or elevated (24 and 120 muM) Mn(II) concentrations. However, H(2)O(2)- and Mn-dependent phenol red-oxidizing activity was detected in cultures supplemented with higher Mn(II) levels. Mineralization rates of C-ring-labelled synthetic lignin (i.e., dehydrogenation polymerizate) by all strains under a low basal Mn(II) level were similar to those obtained for Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Phlebia radiata. A high manganese concentration repressed the evolution of CO(2) even when a chelating agent, sodium malonate, was included in the medium.
A Survey of Microprocessor Architectures for Memory Management (1987)

This article presents an overview of current 16- and 32-bit microprocessor architectures that support memory management. The authors define the basic requirements for a processor to support memory management and introduce hierarchically organized memory. They describe several address translation schemes, such as paging, segmentation, and combined paging/segmentation and discuss their implementation in current microprocessors. They give special emphasis to the application of associative cache memory, and analyze and compare single-level and multi-level address mapping schemes. Futhermore, the article discusses the capabilities of current microprocessors to support virtual memory, which includes abilities to recognize an address fault, to abort the execution of the current instruction and save necessary information, and to restore the saved state and resume normal processing. The authors evaluate two methods to restart the interrupted instruction, instruction restart and instruction continuation, and discuss their implementation in current microprocessors. They also discuss protection and security issues, and evaluate two protection schemes, hierarchical and nonhierarchical.
Screening for neurofibrillary tangles and argyrophilic plaques with Congo Red and polarized light. (1973)

The capricious nature of silver impregnation tech- niques renders them unsuitable for bulk staining and screening sections for the presence of argyrophilic (senile) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. For this purpose, we describe a simple, consistent and highly sensitive bulk staining method. It depends on the congophilia and resultant anomalous colour or polarization (Ladewig, 1945) that characterizes amyloid and other fibrillary protein components of plaques and tangles (Terry and Wisniewski, 1970).
Hydrazinoalkanols (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrazinoalkanolsGabriel GeverCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 5, 1283–1285Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01634a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01634a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views650Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of pine wood nematode invasion on pine community functions in the Pinghu region, Zhejiang Province, eastern ChinaEffect of pine wood nematode invasion on pine community functions in the Pinghu region, Zhejiang Province, eastern ChinaEffect of pine w (2013)

In order to investigate the effect of invastion by pine wood nematode （PWN）, this study analyzed severalfunctional indices, i.e., the increment in DBH and stand volume and biomass, in the damaqed stands with various mixedpercentages of Pinus massoniana and P. thunbergii and with different levels of damage. According to the results of rate of change in increment of DBH and stand volume, the forest ecosystem resistance against PWN increased with a reduct on n the m xed ratio of pine. The resistance was highest with a mixed percentage of 50%. The invasion of PWN hanged the corresponding relationship of increment between DBH and stand volume （pure stands 〉 7：3 conifer and roadleaf 〉 6：4 conifer and broadleaf 〉 5：5 conifer and broadleaf） among the P. thunbergii stands when there is no amage, but for P. massoniana stands this phenomenon did not occur. For the increment rate of DBH and stand volume, is significant change in P, thunbergii forest indicates that the resistance of pure P. thunbergii forest was higher than at of P. massoniana. The invasion of PWN accelerates the succession from pure stands to mixed stands and then tohe broadleaf evergreen stands.
Clipped Fourier transform mass spectral compression algorithm for microcomputer-compatible search systems (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTClipped Fourier transform mass spectral compression algorithm for microcomputer-compatible search systemsR. B. Lam, S. J. Foulk, and T. L. IsenhourCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 11, 1679–1684Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00234a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00234a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fresnel zone effect on seismic velocity resolution (1999)

Abstract For impedance, velocity resolution depends on Fresnel zone considerations. A change of velocity can be distinguished only if its size is greater than the Fresnel zone. This is demonstrated on synthesized examples where a single velocity anomaly is introduced in a homogeneous medium. (Although unrealistic, this model was designed to exhibit the physical phenomenon in its simplest configuration.) The presence of the velocity anomaly breaks the wavefront into two main parts. The first part, which travels through the anomaly, corresponds to the specular ray and gives rise to an event which we call the ray event since it can be predicted by standard ray-tracing techniques. The second, which emanates from outside the anomaly, does not correspond to a ray event. Therefore, we call it the nonray event. It travels at the speed of the background medium. The relative amplitude of the two events depends upon the size of the anomaly compared to the size of the Fresnel zone. When the anomaly is larger than the Fresnel zone, then the ray event dominates and the velocity variation is detectable. On the other hand, when the anomaly is smaller than the Fresnel zone, then the nonray event dominates and everything occurs as if there were velocity variation, leading to the wrong velocity model. The physical phenomenon underlying the presence of the nonray event is very pervasive and does not depend on the velocity contrast. It has already been referred to as wavefront healing, but its consequences in terms of velocity resolution have not been outlined in the domain of seismic reflection. The paper is organized in the following way. First, we present the phenomenon and its consequences on velocity analysis on a single model. Then, by changing the model parameters, we show how the respective amplitudes of the nonray event and the ray event and, therefore, the detectability of velocity variations depends on the size of the anomaly. Finally, we present two approaches to describe the physics of the phenomenon: (1) geometrical considerations based on Huyghen's principle to explain the wave-front healing phenomenon and (2) a discussion on the Kirchhoff integral to explain how the amplitude ratio of the ray event to the nonray event (and in turn the detectability of the velocity variation) depends on the size of the anomaly compared to the size of the Fresnel zone. In the final part of the paper we give two potential applications of this theory: (1) the use of the Fresnel zone diameter as the minimum length for smoothing velocity horizons and (2) a theoretical scheme for velocity analysis that should improve the velocity resolution: a combination of velocity estimation and wave equation redatuming. No implementation of this scheme has yet been tested.
Using a Colorimeter to Develop an Intrinsic Silicone Shade Guide for Facial Prostheses (1998)

There was good correlation between the patient's colorimeter measurements and the silicone samples, with the b* color dimension the most reproducible, followed by the L* and the a*. Silicone samples at 6, 8, and 10 mm matched the patient the best, and this study showed that silicone samples can be duplicated successfully if a good patient-silicone match is obtained. Rayon flocking fibers and liquid makeup are effective at matching facial prostheses and can be used to develop a simple shade guide for patient application.
Loops in Proteins Can Be Modeled as Worm-Like Chains (2001)

The end−end distances of loops in proteins are found to be distributed according to the worm-like chain model with a persistence length lp = 3.04 Å. For a protein with a loop at a certain short end−end distance, increasing the loop length is expected to decrease the protein stability since the entropic cost increases for constraining the loop ends at the given distance. The predicted decrease in stability is tested against experimental results on the four-helix-bundle protein Rop, in which the native two-residue loop is replaced by two to ten glycinces. Without adjustable parameters, the prediction agrees with experiment with a correlation coefficient of 0.99.
Functional role of anthocyanins in the leaves of Quintinia serrata A. Cunn. (2000)

The protective functions that have been ascribed to anthocyanins in leaves can be performed as effectively by a number of other compounds. The possibility that anthocyanins accumulate most abundantly in leaves deficient in other phytoprotective pigments has been tested. Pigment concentrations and their histological distribution were surveyed for a sample of 1000 leaves from a forest population of Quintinia serrata, which displays natural polymorphism in leaf colour. Eight leaf phenotypes were recognized according to their patterns of red coloration. Anthocyanins were observed in almost all combinations of every leaf tissue, but were most commonly located in the vacuoles of photosynthetic cells. Red leaves contained two anthocyanins (Cy-3-glc and Cy-3-gal), epicuticular flavones, epidermal flavonols, hydroxycinnamic acids, chlorophylls, and carotenoids. Green leaves lacked anthocyanins, but had otherwise similar pigment profiles. Foliar anthocyanin levels varied significantly between branches and among trees, but were not correlated to concentrations of other pigments. Anthocyanins were most abundant in older leaves on trees under canopies with south-facing gaps. These data indicate that anthocyanins are associated with photosynthesis, but do not serve an auxiliary phytoprotective role. They may serve to protect shade-adapted chloroplasts from brief exposure to high intensity sunflecks.