gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of the single fibre push-out test: Part III. Singularity of interface stresses (2003)

The singular behaviour at the free edges of the fibre-matrix interface is analysed for the fibre push-out test geometry based on the boundary element method. The fibre push-out test has been extensively used to measure the fibre-matrix interfacial properties in polymer, ceramic and metal matrix composites. There are two free edges in the fibre push-out specimen: one is at the loaded fibre end and the other at the supported fibre end. The singular stresses can be expressed as a function of singular exponent and singular stress intensity. It is shown that the singular exponents obtained at both fibre ends are characteristic of composite constituent properties, such as Young's moduli of fibre and matrix, and does not vary with specimen dimensions. The singular exponents are real and identical for the shear and radial stress components at fibre ends where the wedge angles are the same. The singular stress intensities are also implicit in material properties, and vary with specimen dimensions, such as fibre to matrix radius ratio, fibre aspect ratio and support hole size. An interfacial failure criterion is proposed here based on the average stress concept to determine the critical singular stress intensities in mode I and mode II loads.
Design of SPring-8 Linac control system using Object Oriented concept (2002)

At present, the methodology of Object Oriented Programming (OOP) has become the mainstream. Because it will be gave the efficient development of programming and the easy maintenance. OOP makes many parts of program that called Object, and these Objects are assembled into main program. When many Objects are reserved on the system development, so that the future development will be easy by using stored Objects. On the accelerator, we consider the system as assembled parts. And it will always be improved or replaced. So OOP is suitable for the accelerator system, then we try for using OOP. First of all, all component of SPring-8 Linac were abstracted and modeled, and we designed a Super Class which is core of Object. In this paper, the concept of our system and its present status are described.
The Cyclononatetraene Anion Radical (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Cyclononatetraene Anion RadicalThomas J. Katz and Carolyn TalcottCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 20, 4732–4733Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00972a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00972a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electromagnetic modeling of conformal wideband and multi-band patch antennas by bridging a solid-object modeler with MoM software (2004)

The advantages of antennas that can resemble the shape of the body to which they are attached are obvious. However, electromagnetic modeling of such unusually shaped antennas can be difficult. In this paper, the commercially available software SolidWorks/spl trade/ is used for accurately drawing complex shapes in conjunction with the electromagnetic software FEKO/spl trade/ to model the EM behavior of conformal antennas. The application of SolidWorks and custom-written software allows all the required information that forms the analyzed structure to be automatically inserted into FEKO, and gives the user complete control over the antenna being modeled. This approach is illustrated by a number of simulation examples of single, wideband, multi-band planar and curved patch antennas.
A portable X and gamma-ray monitor (1975)

A Portable X- and gamma-radiation monitor, using the Cutie Pie configuration, is described which covers the exposure-rate range 0.2 mR/h to 10 R/h. This relatively low cost instrument which is powered by a single 'D' size battery is rugged and simple to use.
CCL2 and IL-10 produced by Gr-1+CD11b+F4/80+ cells as an inhibitor of β-defensin 3 production by epidermal keratinocytes (44.35) (2007)

Abstract We have previously reported that Gr-1+CD11b+F4/80+ cells demonstrated in tissues surrounding the burn site (TSBS) are inhibitory on the production of antimicrobial peptides by epidermal keratinocytes (EK). In this study, the mechanism by which Gr-1+CD11b+F4/80+ cells inhibit the production of β-defensin 3 (MBD-3) by EK was investigated. Burn mice were BALB/c mice exposed to a gas flame (3rd degree). Twelve hrs after burn injury, Gr-1+CD11b+F4/80+ cells were isolated from their TSBS using a magnetic bead technique. To determine the effect of Gr-1+CD11b+F4/80+ cells on MBD-3 production, LPS-stimulated EK prepared from skin tissues of normal mice (1 x 106 cells/ml, lower chamber) were cultured with Gr-1+CD11b+F4/80+ cells (upper chamber) in dual-chamber transwells. Culture fluids harvested were assayed for MBD-3 by ELISA. After stimulation with LPS (0.1 μg/ml), EK produced 25 μg/ml of MBD-3, and only 0.4 μg/ml of MBD-3 was produced by EK transwell-cultured with Gr-1+CD11b+F4/80+ cells. When the same transwell cultures were performed with media supplemented with a mixture of mAbs for CCL2 and IL-10 (2 μg/ml each), 36 μg/ml of MBD-3 was detected in the culture fluids. In contrast, MBD-3 production by EK stimulated with LPS was inhibited by a mixture of recombinant CCL2 (50 ng/ml) and IL-10 (10 ng/ml). CCL2 and IL-10 were detected in the culture fluids of Gr-1+CD11b+F4/80+ cells. These results indicate that, through the production of CCL2 and IL-10, Gr-1+CD11b+F4/80+ cells appearing in association with burn injuries inhibit the production of MBD-3 from EK. This study was supported by SHC NA #8610.
Carrier dynamics in Ga0.53In0.47As∕InP near-surface quantum wells (2005)

Ga 0.53 In 0.47 As ∕ InP single-quantum wells with thin top barrier layers of InP and InAlAs have been studied by pump-probe experiments and temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectroscopy. The carrier lifetimes are shorter in samples with an InAlAs surface barrier than with an InP surface barrier. The decays consist in an early stage decay of typically 30 ps and an extended stage decay of several hundreds of picoseconds. This nonexponential relaxation is the result of thermally activated carrier escape, trapping, and recombination on the surface states. Two nonradiative surface states, at 11 and 68 meV from the ground state of the quantum well, were identified.
Temperature-Programmed Reduction of Copper-Manganese Catalysts Derived from Biomass Activated Carbon (1970)

This study investigates the potential of bimetal impregnated catalysts supported on activated carbon derived from biomass for Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) with ammonia (NH3). The bimetal catalysts, Copper-Manganese (Cu-Mn) was deposited onto palm kernel shell (PKS) and coconut shell (CS) via impregnation method and calcined at 250 °C. Hydrogen Temperature-programmed reduction analysis (H2-TPR) using 5% Hydrogen gas (H2) in Argon (Ar) have been carried out to study the effect of different variables such as metal impregnation and support properties on the reduced states of the catalysts. Besides, FTIR, TGA and XRD were also used to characterize the catalysts. It was observed that impregnation of bimetals enhanced the catalyst characteristics where include important results from FTIR, TGA, XRD and H2-TPR. Based on the results presented in H2-TPR analysis, it was observed that the reduction peak of bimetal catalysts deposited on palm kernel shell activated carbon shifted to high temperature, about 597 °C. This demonstrates the intensity of the precursor interaction exists and a higher dispersion of bimetals on the surface of the support. In addition, the higher dispersion of bimetals was shown in XRD analysis. Hence, palm kernel shell-derived catalysts could be new and promising catalysts in SCR system.
Closed-Form Isoparametric Shape Functions of Four-Node Convex Finite Elements (2007)

On arbitrary plane quadrilaterals, difficulties in integrating energy densities prevented analysts from directly using shape function expressions in terms of the physical coordinate variables (x and y). With the availability of an exact integration procedure, shape functions are sought here as explicit expressions (in x and y). Conventional isoparametric (indirect) representation, via canonical coordinate variables (η and ξ) on a unit square in the computational domain, do not reveal the presence of irrational algebraic expressions that were first elaborated on by Wachspress. Computer algebra systems demonstrate that the isoparametric shape functions are: for a general quadrilateral—linear and a square root of a quadratic (in x and y); for a trapezoid—identical to the Wachspress rational polynomials; for a parallelogram—bilinear functions; and, moreover, even valid for a triangle with a side node. The failure of the isoparametric formulation for concave domains is traced to the negative argument of irrational parts. Shape functions in the physical domain (x and y) facilitate contour plotting of responses (e.g., temperature distributions) within quadrilateral elements. A subsequent paper details exact calculation of stiffness matrices where the presented shape functions (in x and y) are indispensable.
Magnetic field and temperature sensing with atomic-scale spin defects in silicon carbide (2014)

Quantum systems can provide outstanding performance in various sensing applications, ranging from bioscience to nanotechnology. Atomic-scale defects in silicon carbide are very attractive in this respect because of the technological advantages of this material and favorable optical and radio frequency spectral ranges to control these defects. We identified several, separately addressable spin-3/2 centers in the same silicon carbide crystal, which are immune to nonaxial strain fluctuations. Some of them are characterized by nearly temperature independent axial crystal fields, making these centers very attractive for vector magnetometry. Contrarily, the zero-field splitting of another center exhibits a giant thermal shift of -1.1 MHz/K at room temperature, which can be used for thermometry applications. We also discuss a synchronized composite clock exploiting spin centers with different thermal response.
Recent Developments of P-gp Inhibitors (2013)

Multidrug resistance (MDR) plays the central role in failing cancer therapy regimes of today. The MDR phenomenon concerns various drugs of structurally related as well as unrelated compound classes including also novel anticancer drugs. Formerly drug-sensitive cancer cells lose their sensitivity and become resistant under theapy. Although MDR is a multifactorial process, the main obstacle is the expression of multidrug efflux pumps that lowers the intracellular drug levels by an active drug transport out of the cells. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is the longest identified efflux pump. The attempt to overcome the MDR phenomenon by the use of inhibitors of the efflux pump activities turned out as most promising beside other so far non-effective tries. So far there exists no X-ray crystal structure analysis of P-gp which is difficult to crystallize because of its transmembrane protein character. Thus, the development of Pgp inhibitors has been a challenge for medicinal chemists. The article reviews advances in P-gp inhibitor development by focussing on structure-activity relationships in the different compound classes to document improvements up today. One success has been the reduction of cytotoxic properties partly resulting from the originally pharmacological compound properties. However, undesired drug interactions and resulting toxicities limited clinical in vivo activities so far.
Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concepts - Planning for the Future of Technology Investments (2002)

In January, 2000, the NASA Administrator gave the following directions to Langley: We will create a new role for Langley as a leader for the assessment of revolutionary aerospace system concepts and architectures, and provide resources needed to assure technology breakthroughs will be there to support these advanced concepts. This is critical in determining how NASA can best invest its resources to enable future missions. The key objective of the RASC team is to look beyond current research and technology (R&T) programs and missions and evolutionary technology development approaches with a top-down perspective to explore possible new mission capabilities. The accomplishment of this objective will allow NASA to provide the ability to go anywhere, anytime - safely, and affordably- to meet its strategic goals for exploration, science, and commercialization. The RASC Team will seek to maximize the cross-Enterprise benefits of these revolutionary capabilities as it defines the revolutionary enabling technology areas and performance levels needed. The product of the RASC Team studies will be revolutionary systems concepts along with enabling technologies and payoffs in new mission capabilities, which these concepts can provide. These results will be delivered to the NASA Enterprises and the NASA Chief Technologist for use in planning revolutionary future NASA R&T program investments.
Predicting fire suppression in a simulated engine nacelle. (2004)

The Vulcan fire-field model is employed to simulate the evolution of pool fires and the distribution of fire suppressants in a engine nacelle simulator. The objective is to identify conditions for which suppression will and will not be successful in order to (1) provide input on experimental design and (2) to test the model's predictive capabilities through comparison with future test results. Pool fires, where the fuel pool is on the bottom of the nacelle, have been selected for these tests because they have been identified as among the most challenging to suppress. Modeling of the production HFC-125 fire suppression system predicts that all pool fires are extinguished. Removing nozzles and reducing the rate of suppressant injection eventually lead to a predicted failure to suppress the fires. The stability of the fires, and therefore the difficulty in extinguishing them, depends on a variety of additional factors as discussed in the text.
ADTF spoke cavity cryomodule concept (2002)

The Accelerator Driven Test Facility (ADTF) is being developed as a reactor concepts test bed for transmutation of nuclear waste. A 13.3 mA continuous-wave (CW) proton beam will be accelerated to 600 MeV and impinged on a spallation target. The subsequent neutron shower is used to create a nuclear reaction within a subcritical assembly of waste material that reduces the waste half-life from the order of 105 years to 102 years. Additionally, significant energy is produced that can be used to generate electrical power. The ADTF proton accelerator consists of room-temperature (RT) structures that accelerate the beam to 6.7-MeV and superconducting (SC) elements that boost the beam’s energy to 600-MeV. Traditional SC elliptical cavities experience structural difficulties at low energies due to their geometry. Therefore, stiff-structured SC spoke cavities have been adopted for the energy range between 6.7 and 109 MeV. Elliptical cavities are used at the higher energies. This paper describes a multi-spoke-cavity cryomodule concept for ADTF.
Technique for arterial-phase contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiography of the carotid and vertebral arteries. (1998)

Our goal was to evaluate whether contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiography using the MR Smartprep technique would enable us to obtain arterial-phase MR angiograms of the carotid and vertebral arteries. The study included 35 patients with suspected lesions of the neck in whom the MR Smartprep technique was used for MR angiography performed with a 1.5-T superconducting system. The tracker volume was placed primarily in the middle part of the right common carotid artery. The imaging volume was placed in a coronal direction to include the carotid and vertebral arteries from the aortic arch to the skull base. A centric phase-ordering scheme was used. Imaging times were 20 to 38 seconds for 14 patients and 11 to 16 seconds for 21 patients. By using a smaller tracker volume and an imaging time of less than 16 seconds, we were able to achieve a 100% successful triggering rate and to delineate selectively arterial-phase carotid and vertebral arteries with almost no venous contamination. Contract-enhanced 3-D MR angiography with the MR Smartprep technique was useful for showing arterial-phase carotid and vertebral arteries selectively.
Predicting farmer uptake of new agricultural practices: A tool for research, extension and policy (2017)

There is much existing knowledge about the factors that influence adoption of new practices in agriculture but few attempts have been made to construct predictive quantitative models of adoption for use by those planning agricultural research, development, extension and policy. ADOPT (Adoption and Diffusion Outcome Prediction Tool) is the result of such an attempt, providing predictions of a practice's likely rate and peak level of adoption as well as estimating the importance of various factors influencing adoption. It employs a conceptual framework that incorporates a range of variables, including variables related to economics, risk, environmental outcomes, farmer networks, characteristics of the farm and the farmer, and the ease and convenience of the new practice. The ability to learn about the relative advantage of the practice, as influenced by characteristics of both the practice and the potential adopters, plays a central role. Users of ADOPT respond to 22 questions related to: a) characteristics of the practice that influence its relative advantage, b) characteristics of the population influencing their perceptions of the relative advantage of the practice, c) characteristics of the practice influencing the ease and speed of learning about it, and d) characteristics of the potential adopters that influence their ability to learn about the practice. ADOPT provides a prediction of the diffusion curve of the practice and sensitivity analyses of the factors influencing the speed and peak level of adoption. In this paper the model is described and its ability to predict the diffusion of agricultural practices is demonstrated using examples of new crop types, new cropping technology and grazing options. As well as providing predictions, ADOPT is designed to increase the conceptual understanding and consideration of the adoption process by those involved in agricultural research, development, extension and policy.
Demand-driven points-to analysis for Java (2005)

We present a points-to analysis technique suitable for environments with small time and memory budgets, such as just-in-time (JIT) compilers and interactive development environments (IDEs). Our technique is demand-driven, performing only the work necessary to answer each query (a request for a variable's points-to information) issued by a client. In cases where even the demand-driven approach exceeds the time budget for a query, we employ early termination , i.e. , stopping the analysis prematurely and returning an over-approximated result to the client. Our technique improves on previous demand-driven points-to analysis algorithms [17, 33] by achieving much higher precision under small time budgets and early termination.We formulate Andersen's analysis [5] for Java as a CFL-reachability problem [33]. This formulation shows that Andersen's analysis for Java is a balanced-parentheses problem , an insight that enables our new techniques. We exploit the balanced parentheses structure to approximate Andersen's analysis by regularizing the CFL-reachability problem, yielding an asymptotically cheaper algorithm. We also show how to regain most of the precision lost in the regular approximation as needed through refinement . Our evaluation shows that our regularization and refinement approach achieves nearly the precision of field-sensitive Andersen's analysis in time budgets as small as 2ms per query. Our technique can yield speedups of up to 16x over computing an exhaustive Andersen's analysis for some clients, with little to no precision loss.
THE LIPIDS OF SARCINA LUTEA. II. THE HYDROCARBON CONTENT OF THE LIPID EXTRACTS (1964)

The hydrocarbon fraction from Sarcina lutea lipid ex- tracts was characterized by a combination of thin- layer and gas-liquid chromatography and infrared spectroscopy.A total of 37 components were ob- served by gas-liquid chromatography of this ma- terial.A breakdown of the components into classes
A method for three-dimensional particle sizing in two-phase flows (2004)

A method is devised for true three-dimensional (3D) particle sizing in two-phase systems. Based on a ray-optics approximation of the Mie scattering theory for spherical particles, and under given assumptions, the principle is applicable to intensity data from scatterers within arbitrary interrogation volumes. It requires knowledge of the particle 3D location and intensity, and of the spatial distribution of the incident light intensity throughout the measurement volume. The new methodology is particularly suited for Lagrangian measurements: we demonstrate its use with the defocusing digital particle image velocimetry technique, a 3D measurement technique that provides the location, intensity and velocity of particles in large volume domains. We provide a method to characterize the volumetric distribution of the incident illumination and we assess experimentally the size measurement uncertainty.
Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of Tin-Filled Skutterudite, SnxCo4Sb12. (2000)

Tin atoms were inserted into the skutterudite-type CoSb3 host lattice under high pressure and temperature conditions. It was found that Sn atoms could be inserted into the body-centered vacant site, resulting in the formation of new filled (or partially filled) skutterudites, SnxCo4Sb12. The degree of insertion (x) increases with increasing applied pressure, and the vacant sites of the CoSb3 host lattice is fully occupied by Sn atoms when the reaction is carried out at 8GPa and at 550°C. X-ray Rietveld refinement revealed that the inserted Sn atom showed an anomalously large isotropic atomic displacement parameter, indicating a large thermal vibration amplitude at the body-centered position. The Sn-filled skutterudites exhibit n-type semiconducting behaviour indicating that Sn filling causes the formation of a donor level.
A CMOS Time-of-Flight Range Image Sensor with Gates on Field Oxide Structure (2006)

This paper presents a new type of CMOS time-of-flight (TOF) range image sensor using single layer gates on field oxide structure for photo conversion and charge transfer. An additional process step to create an n-type buried layer is used. This simple structure allows the realization of a high resolution array with 15 times 15 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sup> pixels in standard CMOS process. To minimize the influence of background light, the proposed pixel structure has charge draining gates. A small duty cycle optical pulse is also used for this purpose. The TOF sensor chip was successfully implemented and tested