gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relative Biologic Activities of Human and Bovine Parathyroid Hormones and Their Synthetic, NH<sup>2</sup>-Terminal (1–34) Peptides, as Evaluated<i>in Vitro</i>with Renal Cortical Adenylate Cyclase Obtained from Three Different Species<sup>1</sup><sup>2</sup> (1976)

The relative biologic activities of native human parathyroid hormone, hPTH (1-84), native bovine parathyroid hormone, bPTH (1-84), and their respective synthetic, NH2-terminal, biologically-active (1-34) fragments were compared in vitro using adenylate cyclase preparations from human, chicken, and rat renal cortex. The concentrations of the hormones required for half-maximal stimulation of the enzymes were determined from dose response curves. bPTH (1-84) had greater apparent activity than hPTH (1-84), using rat or chicken renal adenylate cyclase, but, with human renal adenylate cyclase, the apparent activities of the two hormones were equal. Synthetic hPTH (1-34) possessed about 1/10 of the apparent activity of hPTH (1-84) in all three adenylate cyclase systems. However, (GLU22)bPTH (1-34) was about equal inapparent activity to bPTH (1-84) in the three systems. We propose that different rates of hormone degradation at or near renal receptor sites may be responsible for the dependence of the relative biologic activity on the assay system used. In the case of hPTH a peptide chain longer than (1-34) may be required for the full biologic activity of the hormone...
Optimized fuzzy logic vibration control of a flexible space structure (1999)

A fuzzy logic based vibration control system for a multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) STABLE platform system has been studied in this paper. In order to avoid the complexity of designing an MIMO fuzzy control system, a standard fuzzy logic control frame has been proposed, which converts the different universes of discourse for different input and output variables into a standard universe of discourse, by selecting appropriate scaling factors for each of the fuzzy logic controllers. An MIMO fuzzy logic controller is converted into a scaling factor optimization problem by this standard fuzzy logic controller frame. At the same time, the existence of co-situated sensor/actuator pairs allows the designer to create only six fuzzy logic controllers for six sensor/actuator pairs. The position sensor measurements and their derivatives serve as the fuzzy logic controller inputs, which generate the control forces for the corresponding actuators. The resulting vibration control system is robust against external disturbance forces and parametric variations. In addition, two new FLC plus Integral control configurations improve the robustness of fuzzy logic based vibration control systems against extended applications of external disturbance forces. Simulation results demonstrate the improved performance and robustness of the designed STABLE platform fuzzy logic based vibration control system.
The dynamics of the renin-angiotensin system (1969)

Abstract We have used the blood-bathed organ technique (Vane 1964) to study the liberation of renin into the bloodstream and the subsequent formation of angiotensin I and angiotensin II. The rat isolated colon was superfused (Gaddum 1953) continuously with heparinized blood from dogs, to detect changes in angiotensin II concentration in the blood (Regoli & Vane 1964, 1966). The release of renin from the kidney can be induced either by a large fall in perfusion pressure (Skinner, McCubbin & Page 1963; Regoli & Vane 1966) or by haemorrhage (Scornik & Paladini 1964) The fact that a slow haemorrhage can induce secretion of renin without a fall in arterial blood pressure (Hodge, Lowe & Vane 1966a) led to experiments which showed that secretion of renin is under reflex control; one afferent limb of the reflex probably originates in stretch receptors in the venous or low pressure side of the circulation and is mediated by afferent nerves in the vagus. The efferent pathway is the renal sympathetic supply (Hodge, Lowe & Vane 1966a, b).
Spectra from multiphoton electron detachment of H^− (1991)

New data are reported on the multiphoton detachment process in a fast beam of H− ions. The angle-tuned relativistic Doppler shift is used to vary the photon energy of a focused (~10 GW/cm2) 10.6-μm CO2 laser beam from ~0.05 to ~0.4 eV in the rest frame (CM frame) of the fast ions. The ions are produced at 800 MeV (β = v/c = 0.84) by the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility linear accelerator at Los Alamos and experience ~1-psec pulses in the CM frame as they cross the laser beam focus. Peaks in the detachment signal corresponding to each order for two- to six-photon processes are observed. At modest laser intensity in the gigawatt-per-square-centimeter range, observed shifts of the apparent two-photon threshold are found to be not more than 30–50% of the expected maximum shift, based on the value of the ponderomotive potential. Experimental uncertainties are due mainly to imprecise knowledge of the maximum laser intensity. The data analysis and modeling of the expected threshold shape experiments are continuing.
General solution to the scattering of electromagnetic waves from a strip grating (1987)

We introduce a new method for the solution of the scattered electric-field distribution in the case of a plane wave obliquely incident on a metallic strip grating. The initial formulation of the problem is carried out as described in Ref. 1 . The iteration procedure is, however, applied in the space domain by representing the truncation of the electric and current fields as a matrix multiplication. Assuming infinite iterations are carried out, a system of linear equations for the electric-field coefficients is derived. This system of equations is equivalent to that arrived at by using the moment method solution. 2 A solution is obtained by truncating the infinite dimensional matrix and using Gauss elimination to solve the system of linear equations. We tested our method for various configurations of the scatterer and different angles of oblique incidence of the plane wave. It was observed that, for all the configurations considered, the error in the electric-field distribution decreased monotonically with increasing matrix size.
<i>Brucella suis</i> -Impaired Specific Recognition of Phagosomes by Lysosomes due to Phagosomal Membrane Modifications (2001)

Brucella species are gram-negative, facultatively intracellular bacteria that infect humans and animals. These organisms can survive and replicate within a membrane-bound compartment in phagocytic and nonprofessional phagocytic cells. Inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion has been proposed as a mechanism for intracellular survival in both types of cells. However, the biochemical mechanisms and microbial factors implicated in Brucella maturation are still completely unknown. We developed two different approaches in an attempt to gain further insight into these mechanisms: (i) a fluorescence microscopy analysis of general intracellular trafficking on whole cells in the presence of Brucella and (ii) a flow cytometry analysis of in vitro reconstitution assays showing the interaction between Brucella suis-containing phagosomes and lysosomes. The fluorescence microscopy results revealed that fusion properties of latex bead-containing phagosomes with lysosomes were not modified in the presence of live Brucella suis in the cells. We concluded that fusion inhibition was restricted to the pathogen phagosome and that the host cell fusion machinery was not altered by the presence of live Brucella in the cell. By in vitro reconstitution experiments, we observed a specific association between killed B. suis-containing phagosomes and lysosomes, which was dependent on exogenously supplied cytosol, energy, and temperature. This association was observed with killed bacteria but not with live bacteria. Hence, this specific recognition inhibition seemed to be restricted to the pathogen phagosomal membrane, as noted in the in vivo experiments.
Designed Oil Products from Cracked Bottom Oil (1971)

The process of utilizing the cracked bottom oil and the new oil products called "designed oils" has been developed and the first semicommercial plant is now under successful operation.The process consists of three steps namely hydrotreating, alkylation or hydrogenation, and fractionation. Special catalysts have been developed for treating heavy cracked bottom oils and two types of oils having unique cyclic structure are obtained by this process.Many interesting applications such as heat transfer oils, electrical insulating oils, epoxy and urethane diluents and special solvents have been found and are now being marketed.This paper describes the process of utilizing cracked bottom oil and characteristics of various new oil products.
Learning One-Dimensional Geometric Patterns Under One-Sided Random Misclassification Noise (1994)

Developing the ability to recognize a landmark from a visual image of a robot's current location is a fundamental problem in robotics. We consider the problem of PAC-learning the concept class of geometric patterns where the target geometric pattern is a configuration of k points on the real line. Each instance is a configuration of n points on the real line, where it is labeled according to whether or not it visually resembles the target pattern. To capture the notion of visual resemblance we use the Hausdorff metric. Informally, two geometric patterns P and Q resemble each othe runder the Hausdorff metric, if every point on one pattern is "close" to some point on the other pattern. We relate the concept class of geometric patterns to the landmark recognition problem and then present a polynomial-time algorithm that PAC-learns the class of one-dimensional geometric patterns when the negative examples are corrupted by a large amount of random misclassification noise. An interesting feature of this problem is that the target concept is specified by a k-tuple of points on the real line, while the instances are specified by n-tuple of points on the real line where n is potentially much larger than k. Although there are some important distinctions, in some sense, our work illustrates a concept class in a continuous domain in which a large fractino of each instance can be viewed as "irrelevant." As in previous work on learning with a large number of irrelevant attributes in the Boolean domain, our algorithm's sample complexity depends polynomially on k and log(n).
The Emerging Use of Ketamine for Anesthesia and Sedation in Traumatic Brain Injuries (2013)

Traditionally, the use of ketamine for patients with traumatic brain injuries is contraindicated due to the concern of increasing intracranial pressure (ICP). These concerns, however, originated from early studies and case reports that were inadequately controlled and designed. Recently, the concern of using ketamine in these patients has been challenged by a number of published studies demonstrating that the use of ketamine was safe in these patients. This article reviews the current literature in regards to using ketamine in patients with traumatic brain injuries in different clinical settings associated with anesthesia, as well as reviews the potential mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of ketamine. Studies examining the use of ketamine for induction, maintenance, and sedation in patients with TBI have had promising results. The use of ketamine in a controlled ventilation setting and in combination with other sedative agents has demonstrated no increase in ICP. The role of ketamine as a neuroprotective agent in humans remains inconclusive and adequately powered; randomized controlled trials performed in patients undergoing surgery for traumatic brain injury are necessary.
Isometric visualization of configuration spaces of two degrees of freedom mechanisms (2002)

This paper presents a novel geometrical representation of the dynamical properties of two degrees-of-freedom mechanisms, as a surface called an isometric visualization of the mechanism. The kinematic properties of the mechanism are represented by the surface topology. The dynamical properties of the mechanism are represented by a metric induced on the surface by the mechanism's kinetic energy. Isometric visualization enables an intuitive study of the dynamical properties of a mechanism, since arc length on the isometric visualization surface is determined by the kinetic energy metric. In particular, free motions of the mechanism are represented by curves of minimal arc length in its isometric visualization surface, called geodesics. We consider two degrees of freedom open kinematic chain mechanisms, with prismatic and revolute joints. For these mechanisms, we present formulas for the isometric visualization of all planar mechanisms, and for two classes of spatial mechanisms. Then we render a catalog of isometric visualizations of several basic mechanisms, and present tools for extracting information on the mechanism's dynamics from its isometric visualization. These tools include a measure for the stability of a free motion, based on the Gaussian curvature of the mechanism's isometric visualization surface. This new representation of mechanism configuration spaces has potential uses in mechanism and controller design.
Simulating population dependent PCS network models using time warp (1995)

The demand for mobile communications has led to intensive research and development efforts for complex PCS (personal communication service) networks. Capacity planning and performance modeling is necessary to maintain a high quality of service to the mobile subscriber while minimizing cost to the PCS provider. A question of pragmatic interest concerns the modeling of subscriber or portable movement in a PCS network. Typically, portable movement models are based on a probabilistic distribution function with fixed mean. These models may be an over simplification of real portable movement patterns. For example, portable movements during rush hour traffic may be slowed due to traffic jams. However, when the volume of vehicular traffic is less, portables are allowed to move more freely and with greater speed. To capture this type of portable movement behavior, we develop a population dependent PCS model where portable movement is based on the number of portables currently residing in that service area or cell. Because of the large amount of computation required to simulate PCS networks, we implement this model on a distributed Time Warp simulator, which has been shown to reduce the execution time of a single run from 20 hours down to 3.5 hours. Using this simulation model, we study the effect of different call workloads and population dependent portable movement patterns on PCS blocking statistics and present our preliminary results.
Run-of-mine coal/stone monitoring (1993)

A Natural Gamma Coal Quality Monitor (NGCQM) has been developed. The online monitor is capable of providing a rapid measure of run-of-mine ash content. Versions have been or are being developed for feeders and belt conveyors in both underground and surface mines. The report describes the selection of the natural gamma approach, the development of the monitor and colliery trials and field experience. By the end of the project 14 NGCQMs were in operation in collieries. 11 refs., 45 figs.
A lamp thermoelectricity based integrated bake/chill system for advanced photoresist processing (2006)

The design of an integrated bake/chill module for photoresist processing in microlithography is presented, with emphasis on the spatial and temporal temperature uniformity of the substrate. The system consists of multiple radiant heating zones for heating the substrate, coupled with an array of thermoelectric devices (TEDs) which provide real-time dynamic and spatial control of the substrate temperature. The TEDs also provide active cooling for chilling the substrate to a temperature suitable for subsequent processing steps. The use of lamp for radiative heating also provide fast ramp-up and ramp-down rates during thermal cycling operations. The feasibility of the proposed approach is demonstrate via simulations based on first principle heat transfer modeling. The distributed nature of the design also means that a simple decentralized control scheme can be used to achieve tight spatial and temporal temperature uniformity specifications.
<i>NuSTAR</i> catches the unveiling nucleus of NGC 1068 (2015)

Abstract We present a NuSTAR and XMM–Newton monitoring campaign in 2014/2015 of the Compton-thick Seyfert 2 galaxy, NGC 1068. During the 2014 August observation, we detect with NuSTAR a flux excess above 20 keV (32 ± 6 per cent) with respect to the 2012 December observation and to a later observation performed in 2015 February. We do not detect any spectral variation below 10 keV in the XMM–Newton data. The transient excess can be explained by a temporary decrease of the column density of the obscuring material along the line of sight (from NH ≃ 1025 cm−2 to NH = 6.7 ± 1.0 × 1024 cm−2), which allows us for the first time to unveil the direct nuclear radiation of the buried active galactic nucleus in NGC 1068 and to infer an intrinsic 2–10 keV luminosity L$_{\rm X}=7^{+7}_{-4} \times 10^{43}$ erg s−1.
Asymmetric Transformation of Alanine <i>via</i> Optically Labile Imidazolines (1979)

Abstract Hydrolysis of an imidazoline derived from (S)-alanine and (S)-2-(aminomethyl)pyrrolidine afforded (R)-alanine in the optical yield of 93.8% (e.e.). The asymmetric transformation was explained on the basis of preferential crystallization of one epimer followed by epimerization of the other epimer in a solution. It was found that the epimerization was catalyzed by amines. (2S)-N-isopropyl-2-aminopropylamine was also examined as a diamine component of imidazolines.
Studies of the birefringence and birefringence dispersion of polypeptides and proteins (1966)

Abstract An apparatus has been constructed which permits the polarimetric observation of streaming solutions of macromolecules. The apparatus is a streaming birefringence device allowing the usual measurements of birefringence parallel to the cylinder axis but which in addition transmits light in the radial direction. Installation of the apparatus between the polarizer and analyzer of a Rudolph polarimeter makes possible the measurement of changes in optical rotation, dichroism and birefringence. The present work is concerned with the latter effect. The systems studied were α‐helical polyglutamic acid, paramyosin, and collagen (ichthyocol). The combined measurements of radial and axial birefringence completely determines the refractive index ellipsoid of the streaming fluid. This result in turn permits the testing of the Peterlin‐Stuart distribution function for streaming in a Couette device, apart from a proportionality constant. The comparison between theory and experiment is very satisfactory provided the system is reasonably homogeneous with regard to molecular length and is sufficiently dilute. On the other hand, it is concluded that the Peterlin‐Stuart optical factor seriously overestimates the “form” birefringence in agreement with recent results and conclusions of Taylor and co‐workers. The apparatus permits the study of the dispersion of the birefringence in the radial direction. The dispersion of collagen follows a one‐term Sellmeier formula and is dominated by absorption bands in the neighborhood of 2000 A. On the other hand, the dispersion of the α‐helical systems is complex and requires a multiterm Sellmeier formula. This contrast between the two kinds of polypeptidc helices is similar to results obtained with other optical techniques and is attributed to the splitting of absorption bands in the α‐helix.
Sensitivity analysis of the economic benefits from electricity storage at the end consumer level (2009)

The article presents the results of simulations based on a linear optimization model of a storage system that calculates the economic benefits of distributed storage devices at the end consumer level by determining the cost optimal charge-discharge-schedule. The primary objective of the storage application is arbitrage accommodation. Particularly, parameters for a li-ion-based and a lead-acid-based storage system are simulated. All parameters of the model are varied and analyzed regarding their impact on the economic benefits. The simulation results quantify these impacts and show that the costs per storage capacity unit (EUR/kWh) and the efficiency degrees of the storage system have the highest impact. Additionally, the price spreads as well as the distribution of the market price curve in relation with the distribution of the consumer's load curve (demand) influence the achievable benefits significantly. Overall, the model reveals a saving potential of 17% on total cost for the reference case.
CD44 regulates dendrite morphogenesis through Src tyrosine kinase-dependent positioning of the Golgi (2014)

The acquisition of proper dendrite morphology is a crucial aspect of neuronal development towards the formation of a functional network. The role of the extracellular matrix and its cellular receptors in this process has remained enigmatic. We report that the CD44 adhesion molecule, the main hyaluronan receptor, is localized in dendrites and plays a crucial inhibitory role in dendritic tree arborization in vitro and in vivo. This novel function is exerted by the activation of Src tyrosine kinase, leading to the alteration of Golgi morphology. The mechanism operates during normal brain development, but its inhibition might have a protective influence on dendritic trees under toxic conditions, during which the silencing of CD44 expression prevents dendritic shortening induced by glutamate exposure. Overall, our results indicate a novel role for CD44 as an essential regulator of dendritic arbor complexity in both health and disease.
Improving the Forward Link of the Future AirportData Link by Space-Time Coding (2010)

Abstract—In the context of the future communication system for the airport surface operations (AeroMACS), we investigate the 2×1 Alamouti scheme applied to the 802.16e standard for improving the performance of the forward link. We propose a novel space-time coding realization which preserves the original frame structure of WiMAX, analyzing its performance in a realistic airport environment. Simulation results show the performance of the system over different scenarios. I.
Intradermal NKT cell activation during DNA priming in heterologous prime‐boost vaccination enhances T cell responses and protection against <i>Leishmania</i> (2008)

Heterologous prime-boost vaccination employing DNA-vaccinia virus (VACV) modality using the Leishmania homologue of receptors for activated C kinase (LACK) (p36) antigen has been shown to elicit protective immunity against both murine cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. However, DNA priming is known to have limited efficacy; therefore in the current study the effect of NKT cell activation using alpha-galactosyl-ceramide (alphaGalCer) during intradermal DNAp36 priming was examined. Vaccinated mice receiving alphaGalCer + DNAp36 followed by a boost with VVp36 appeared to be resolving their lesions and had at ten- to 20-fold higher reductions in parasite burdens. NKT cell activation during alphaGalCer + DNAp36 priming resulted in higher numbers of antigen-reactive effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells producing granzyme and IFN-gamma, with lower levels of IL-10. Although immunodepletion studies indicate that both CD4 and CD8 T cells provide protection in the vaccinated mice, the contribution of CD4(+) T cells was significantly increased in mice primed with DNAp36 together with alphaGalCer. Notably 5 months after boosting, mice vaccinated with DNAp36 + alphaGalCer continued to show sustained and heightened T cell immune responses. Thus, heterologous prime-boost vaccination using alphaGalCer during priming is highly protective against murine cutaneous leishmaniasis, resulting in the heightened activation and development of CD4 and CD8 T cells (effector and memory T cells).