gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P2–035: Molecular dissection of the LRP soluble tail in sorting APP to lipid rafts (2006)

The major defining pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the accumulation of amyloid β protein (Aβ), a small peptide derived from β– and γ–secretase cleavages of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). The production of Aβ requires endocytosis of APP and subsequent trafficking to intracellular compartments where the proteolytic enzymatic activities reside. It has recently been demonstrated that both β– and γ–secretase activities of BACE1 and presenilins, respectively, are concentrated in cholesterol–rich lipid raft microdomains, wherein Aβ is generated. However, the mechanism by which APP is sorted to lipid rafts is unknown. Increasing evidence suggests that the low–density lipoprotein receptor–related protein (LRP) facilitates amyloidogenic processing of APP, although the precise mechanism underlying this activity is still unclear. We recently demonstrated that the soluble cytoplasmic tail of LRP (LRP–ST) without a membrane tether is sufficient to elevate Aβ production by increasing BACE–cleaved APP β–CTF. In this study we tested our hypothesis that LRP–ST might function to facilitate the intracellular sorting of APP to lipid raft membranes. We employed sucrose density gradient fractionation method to enrich lipid raft microdomains. We also used immunoprecipitation method to measure the physical interaction between APP and BACE1. In sucrose density gradient fractionation experiments, we found that LRP–ST itself localizes to lipid raft fractions and simultaneously promotes the distribution of APP to lipid rafts. As expected, LRP–ST also increased the interaction between APP and BACE1, explaining the increased APP β–CTF and Aβ generation by LRP–ST. Conversely, knockdown of endogenous LRP in APP transfected CHO cells markedly decreased the distribution of APP in lipid raft fractions, resulting in diminished Aβ production. These data indicate that LRP–ST as well as endogenous LRP increases the amyloidogenic processing of APP, in part, by targeting APP to lipid raft microdomains where secretase activities are enriched. Our results therefore suggest that targeting the LRP/APP lipid raft–sorting pathway might be useful as a novel therapeutic approach for AD.
High performance high speed induction motors (1996)

High efficiency is a major influence in the design of modern motors, and together with both USA and European Directives' legislating on efficiency, will become more so in the future. There are aspects over which customers have a major influence, and those over which manufacturers have a major influence. How these affect the efficiency depends upon the motor rating, duty and application. This paper explores some of those aspects and their effects, together with solutions developed by GEC ALSTHOM Large Machines Ltd. In particular a very effective solution for high speed motors is described which also solves many of the extra problems only applicable to variable speed drive motors.
Wie spiegelt Keratansulfat im Serum den Proteoglykanmetabolismus des Knorpels wider? (1990)

Knorpelgewebe enthält eine geringe Anzahl von Zellen (Chondrozyten), die in eine wasserreiche Matrix mit hohem Gehalt an Kollagenen und Proteoglykanen eingebettet sind [6]. Die meisten Proteoglykane bestehen aus einem Proteinzentralfilament (core protein), an das kovalent zahlreiche Ketten aus Chondroitinsulfat, Keratansulfat und Oligosaccharide gebunden sind [6]. Viele dieser Proteoglykanmonomere verbinden sich extrazellulär mit Molekülen des Link-Proteins und einem einzigen Hyaluronanstrang zu Aggregaten, die fest in das Netzwerk aus unlöslichen Kollagenfasern eingebettet sind [6]. Im normalen Knorpel des Erwachsenen ist der Proteoglykangehalt relativ stabil: Moleküle, die beim normalen Umsatz abgebaut werden (Katabolismus), werden durch neu synthetisierte Proteoglykane ersetzt (Anabolismus). Fragmente, die beim proteolytischen Abbau der Proteoglykane während des normalen Umsatzes entstehen, treten schnell aus dem Gewebe aus und erscheinen in den Körperflüssigkeiten, in denen sie weiter abgebaut werden können, bevor sie über Leber und Niere ausgeschieden werden [14].
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal and Conductometric Investigations and Phase Diagram of the Rb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>—V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> System. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis and 3He NMR Studies of C60 and C70 Epoxide, Cyclopropane, and Annulene Derivatives Containing Endohedral Helium (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and 3He NMR Studies of C60 and C70 Epoxide, Cyclopropane, and Annulene Derivatives Containing Endohedral HeliumAmos B. Smith III, Robert M. Strongin, Laurent Brard, William J. Romanow, Martin Saunders, Hugo A. Jimenez-Vazquez, and R. James CrossCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 23, 10831–10832Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00102a077https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00102a077research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Damping of local Rabi oscillations in the presence of thermal motion (2013)

We investigate both theoretically and experimentally the effect of thermal motion of laser-cooled atoms on the coherence of Rabi oscillations induced by an inhomogeneous driving field. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with the derived analytical expressions. For freely falling atoms with negligible collisions, as those used in our experiment, we find that the amplitude of the Rabi oscillations decays with time $t$ as $\mathrm{exp}[\ensuremath{-}{(t/\ensuremath{\tau})}^{4}]$, where the coherence time $\ensuremath{\tau}$ drops with increasing temperature and field gradient. We discuss the consequences of these results regarding the fidelity of Rabi rotations of atomic qubits. We also show that the process is equivalent to the loss of coherence of atoms undergoing a Ramsey sequence in the presence of static magnetic field gradients---a common situation in many applications. In addition, our results are relevant for determining the resolution when utilizing atoms as field probes. Using numerical calculations, our model can be easily extended to situations in which the atoms are confined by a potential or to situations where collisions are important.
Sensitivity of the 6300 Å twilight airglow to neutral composition (1995)

The field line interhemispheric plasma (FLIP) model is used to study the 6300 Å line intensity measured during three morning twilights from the McDonald Observatory in Texas. The Imaging Spectrometric Observatory (ISO) measured the 6300 Å intensity during the winter of 1987 and the spring and summer of 1988. The FLIP model reproduces the measured intensity and its variation through the twilight well on each day using neutral densities from the MSIS‐86 empirical model. This is in spite of the fact that different component sources dominate the integrated volume emission rate on each of the days analyzed. The sensitivity of the intensity to neutral composition is computed by varying the N 2 , O 2 and O densities in the FLIP model and comparing to the intensity computed with the unmodified MSIS‐86 densities. The ion densities change self‐consistently. Thus the change in neutral composition also changes the electron density. The F 2 peak height is unchanged in the model runs for a given day. The intensity changes near 100° SZA are comparable to within 10% when either [O 2 ], [N 2 ] or [O] is changed, regardless of which component source is dominant. There is strong sensitivity to changes in [N 2 ] when dissociative recombination is dominant, virtually no change in the nighttime (SZA ≥ 108°) intensity with [O 2 ] doubled, and sensitivity of over 50% to doubling or halving [O] at night. When excitation by conjugate photoelectrons is the dominant nighttime component source, the relative intensity change with [O] doubled or halved is very small. This study shows the strong need for simultaneous measurements of electron density and of emissions proportional to photoelectron fluxes if the 6300 Å twilight airglow is to be used to retrieve neutral densities.
Secondary Pest Buildup in Response to Insecticides, 1987 (1988)

Abstract Foliar spray concentrates were applied from an airplane to a field of plant cane (2 replications) and first-stubble (2 replications) crop sugarcane at Lanaux Plantation near Kilona, La., for evaluation of buildup of secondary pest infestation of the yellow sugarcane aphid. Each plot consisted of a minimum of 30 rows of sugarcane; the size of the plots ranged from 1.8 to 2.4 acres. Each spray concentrate was applied in water to the crop canopy on 60-ft swath widths (10 rows) at a rate of 2 gal of finished formulation/acre/application. The first application of insecticides was begun after internodes were visible and Diatraea saccharalis infestation exceeded 5% of the stalks with live larvae in the leaf sheaths (13 Jul). The second application was made on 17 Aug when that level of D. saccharalis infestation was again detected in Guthion-treated plots. The number of aphids was evaluated by randomly sampling 20 plants weekly and removing a leaf from the upper portion of each plant.
Robustness of two different methods for estimating respiratory system compliance during mechanical ventilation (2004)

Robustness of two different methods for estimating respiratory system compliance during mechanical ventilation
Reducing Healthcare Costs Requires Good Market Design (2010)

Healthcare costs are no doubt too high, and Congress has been pushing for 13 years to harness market forces in Medicare procurement. But despite all this time, we are on the precipice of adopting a very poor market design according to Peter Cramton of University of Maryland and Brett Katzman of Kennewaw State University.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PHOTOISOMERIZATION OF 1,2,3,4,5‐PENTAMETHYL‐5‐VINYL‐1,3‐CYCLOPENTADIENE (1985)

Abstract Die Titelverbindung (I) lagert sich photochemisch zum syn‐ (III) und anti‐Vinylhousen (II) um, wobei (II) in Dunkelreaktion überwiegend zu (I) rückisomerisiert, (III) und etwa 6% (II) spontan sich weiter zu (IV) isomerisieren, das bei längerer Bestrahlung schließlich zum Homoprisman (V) führt.
Designing intelligent and dynamic interfaces for communicating mathematics (2003)

Current approaches to presentation of mathematics (on paper or in electronic format) have usability drawbacks that make learning and appreciation of mathematics challenging and often frustrating. We propose a development of a software user toolkit aimed to facilitate the creation of highly usable and effective presentations of mathematical ideas. In this paper we identify three problems which readers of math documents usually experience, and give a vision of how we might address those problems by designing a more interactive and intelligent interface
Double-Layer Magnetic Nanoparticle-Embedded Silica Particles for Efficient Bio-Separation (2015)

Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) based nanomaterials have been exploited in various biotechnology fields including biomolecule separation. However, slow accumulation of Fe3O4 NPs by magnets may limit broad applications of Fe3O4 NP-based nanomaterials. In this study, we report fabrication of Fe3O4 NPs double-layered silica nanoparticles (DL MNPs) with a silica core and highly packed Fe3O4 NPs layers. The DL MNPs had a superparamagnetic property and efficient accumulation kinetics under an external magnetic field. Moreover, the magnetic field-exposed DL MNPs show quantitative accumulation, whereas Fe3O4 NPs single-layered silica nanoparticles (SL MNPs) and silica-coated Fe3O4 NPs produced a saturated plateau under full recovery of the NPs. DL MNPs are promising nanomaterials with great potential to separate and analyze biomolecules.
Congestive heart failure with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. (2014)

e13502 Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are reported to cause congestive heart failure (CHF). However, the risk has not been systematically studied across all VEGFR TKIs, and the risk with TKIs that are relatively specific (axitinib) or less specific for VEGFRs is unclear. We performed a trial-level meta-analysis of randomized trials to determine the relative risk (RR) of CHF associated with use of FDA approved VEGFR TKIs. Methods: MEDLINE, conferences and clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched for trials published from Jan 1966 to March 2013. Eligible studies included randomized phase II and III trials comparing arms with and without a VEGFR TKI (sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, axitinib, vandetanib, cabozantinib, ponatinib, regorafenib). Data abstraction was conducted according to the PRISMA statement, and RR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effects or fixed-effects models based on heterogeneity. Trial quality was graded by the Jadad score. Results: A total of 10,647 patients from 16 phase III trials and 5 phase II trials were selected. All grade CHF occurred in 138 of 5752 patients receiving VEGFR TKIs and 37 of 4895 patients in the non-TKI group. High-grade CHF occurred in 17 of 1426 patients receiving VEGFR TKI and 8 of 1232 patients in the non-TKI group. The pooled estimate of RR for all grade and high-grade CHF for the TKI vs. no-TKI arms was 2.69 (p < 0.001; 95% CI: 1.86 to 3.87) and 1.65 (p = 0.227, 95% CI: 0.73 to 3.70), respectively. On subgroup analysis, the specificity of the VEGFR TKI or the tumor type being treated did not affect the risk of CHF. CHF was not reported in trials of 3 newer VEGFR TKIs (regorafenib, ponatinib, cabozantinib). All trials exhibited high quality (Jadad score 3–5). No evidence of publication bias was detected for all grade or high-grade CHF (p > 0.20 for both using the Egger test). Similarly, there was no evidence of heterogeneity in all or high-grade CHF. Conclusions: VEGFR TKIs were associated with an increased overall risk of CHF, but not high-grade CHF, independent of the TKI or tumor type. Better patient selection and monitoring may mitigate the risk of severe CHF.
Multiphysics borehole geophysical measurements, formation evaluation, petrophysics, and rock physics — Introduction (2012)

This special section showcases some emerging trends in the acquisition, processing, and interpretation of borehole geophysical measurements, with emphasis on multiphysics and multiscale applications that integrate geologic information, petrophysical properties, rock physics, and core measurements.

Borehole geophysical measurements are routinely acquired to appraise, produce, and monitor subsurface resources, including fossil fuels, minerals, and water. They also are used in shallow reconnaissance projects, for civil-engineering studies, and for soil characterization and remediation, to cite a few salient applications. Wells usually contain the most dense and diverse types of information concerning geology, fluid flow, and rock physics, when assessing subsurface resources. During the last decade, borehole geophysical measurements have experienced significant developments in their acquisition, processing, and interpretation; they no longer can be viewed in isolation but rather as representing an important component of the quantitative description of petrophysical and rock physical properties under a geologic framework. Relatively recent entries to this endeavor are the petrophysical and geophysical appraisal/monitoring of subsurface CO 2 sequestration and the petrophysical/rock-physics characterization of hydrocarbon-bearing shale. It is expected that future interpretation challenges in borehole geophysics will consistently require the solid quantitative integration of measurements across disciplines and physical scales in formation-evaluation and rock-physics studies.

The papers included in this issue consider topics as diverse as new multiphysics methods to combine electromagnetic and seismic amplitude measurements to estimate petrophysical properties between wells and the basis of Archie’s laws. Several of these contributions formally and rigorously integrate the physics of fluid flow in porous media with borehole geophysical measurements to estimate static and dynamic petrophysical properties. New rock-physics methods also are introduced to estimate elastic properties …
Mesoscale modeling of irreversible volume growth in powders of anisotropic crystals (2007)

Based on careful thermometric analysis, powders of micron-sized triaminotrinitrobenzene crystallites are shown to display irreversible growth in volume when subjected to repeated cycles of heating and cooling. Such behavior is counterintuitive to typical materials’ response to thermal annealing. However, through coarse-grained simulations using a mesoscale Hamiltonian, the authors quantitatively reproduce irreversible growth behavior in such powdered material. The authors demonstrate that irreversible growth happens only in the presence of intrinsic crystalline anisotropy, and is mediated by particles much smaller than the average crystallite size.
Carbon‐13 chemical shifts of bicyclo[3.2.1]octane and bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivatives (1976)

Abstract 13 C chemical shifts of more than fifty bicyclo[3.2.1]octane and bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivatives (hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones and esters) have been determined. The usefulness of ethyl derivatives for the assignment of close 13 C chemical shifts in bicyclic methyl derivatives is shown both for the bicyclo[3.2.1]octane and bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane series. Comparison of substituent effects on α‐, β‐, γ‐ and δ‐carbons in both series of compounds shows remarkable differences in steric interactions. In contrast to the rigid bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane system, both chair and boat conformations can be predominant in the bicyclo[3.2.1]octane series with the conformationally flexible 6‐membered ring.
Absorption Spectra of Phytoxanthones (1979)

The Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of Phytoxanthones are reviewed.In recent years a large number of xanthones have been isolated from plant as well as microbial sources.Among other plants Guttiferae and Gentianaceae represent the principal sources of xan-4 thone derivatives1-".Reviews by bbberts2, Cottlieb , ~cheinmann~, and ~ostettmanl~, concerning chemotoxonomic importance and chemistry of natural xanrhanee have appeared.Ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy has played an important role in determining the oxygenation pattern on xanthone skeleton.In this article the importance of this technique is reviewed and absorption maxima for over one hundred natural xanthones in the presence of different additives, are tabulated.The ultraviolet absorption spectra of most xanthones consist of three intense bands in the region 230-340 nm, and a fourth, less intense, band at higher wavelengths which account for their yellow colour.The utility of ultraviolet spectral studies in assigning the oxygenation pattern of a xanthone is of grear value.This is because the ulfraviolet spectra of polyoxygenared xanthones vary significantly with change in the oxygenation pattern 2,16,22 The approach is largely emperical which provides information on the general oxygenarion 20 pattern of the carbon skeleton of xanthone .This permits location of free hydroxyl groups in the presence of certain additives such as sodium hydroxide, sodium acetate, aluminium chloride or 2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone chlorimide.Addition of sodium hydroxide ionises hydroxyl groups at all positions of xanthone skeleton resulting in significant alterations in the absorption spectrum.1-hydroxyxanthones show a reduction of the intensity of second principal maximum along with red shifts of this and other maxima at higher wavelengths.3-hydroxyxanthones in alkaline media give bands at 345-365 nm, where other xanthones, including relatively acidic 4-hydraxy derivatives absorb feebly.A hydroxyl group in the 3-(or 6 -) position of xanthone nucleus has enhanced acidity due to the presence of the 1-ring carbonyl group and can be readily detected by it's solubility in h U .741 G. c. &D&.751 P o t y g a t a r n a d e n i a G M y .761 P. p e n e a L. 771 Swehtia chiZata Buch-Hm.
A fast pull‐in PLL IC using two‐mode pull‐in technique (1992)

Abstract The phase‐locked loop (PLL) circuit used in the timing recovery of high‐speed digital communications and high‐density digital recordings must have a fast pull‐in time and low jitter. One way to satisfy both characteristics is to use a two‐mode PLL in which the loop gain is switched in the pull‐in state and the steady state. However, in the PLL with a conventional procedure, the time constant of the loop filter cannot be reduced in the pull‐in state; hence the time for phase locking after frequency locking cannot be reduced. This paper proposes a method in which the time constant of the loop filter and the loop gain are both switched. The loop gain is switched by the gain of the smoothing filter to eliminate ripple in the output from the phase comparator while the time constant is switched by the resistor in the loop filter. This method realizes a pull‐in time one‐tenth that in the PLL with conventional two‐mode operation. A PLL IC using the forementioned method was fabricated by 2‐μm BiCMOS process technology. Its capture range was ±2 percent, the pull‐in time was 100 μs, and the noise bandwidth was 128 kHz in 64‐MHz operation.
A Sparse Kalman Filter with Application to Acoustic Communications Channel Estimation (2006)

A Sparse Bayesian Kalman filter (SB-KF) is developed for channel estimation in underwater acoustic communications. The SB-KF algorithm is based on parallel Kalman filtering, with each filter updated under a soft numerosity constraint. The soft constraint forces the one-step prediction of the channel to have fixed numerosity. The Bayesian framework yields both sparse channel estimates, and an estimate of the channel order (numerosity). Application of the SB-KF to an acoustic modem based on Walsh/m-sequence signaling is considered. A hybrid analysis/simulation approach is used to compute symbol error rates (SERs), which show that the sparse Bayesian algorithm significantly outperforms an unconstrained Kalman channel estimator