gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minimalist approach: functional mapping. (2002)

The ability to accurately map functional cortex both preoperatively and intraoperatively is an important neurosurgical challenge for the next decade. The central concept of preoperative mapping is to superimpose blood flow and electrical activation data on a three-dimensional matrix created by MR imaging and image processing. The gold standard, at present, is direct cortical stimulation, which can identify primary motor, sensory, speech, and visual cortices. Cortical mapping can be performed intraoperatively or through implanted subdural electrodes at the bedside. The tasks for the next decade include the validation of these preoperative techniques (fMRI, MEG, TMS, EP): 1. Correlation of direct cortical stimulation with advanced perioperative stimulation/monitoring systems, in a wide variety of cases. In addition, extension of these applications into intraoperative imaging systems like the GE Signa unit should also be envisaged. 2. Evaluation of how various pathologies such as AVMs, well-circumscribed tumors, and infiltrative tumors affect the data obtained by these techniques. 3. Expansion of mapping to areas outside the primary motor and sensory cortices, including those referred to as "associative" and to higher functions collectively termed as "cognition."
Polarization-dependent optical properties of orthorhombic sulfur in the ultraviolet (1976)

The optical anisotropy of the ultraviolet absorption of orthorhombic sulfur has been investigated by means of polarization-dependent reflectivity measurements to 14 eV. Optical response functions $n$, $k$, ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{1}$, ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{2}$, $\ensuremath{\alpha}$, ${n}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ for the polarizations $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{E}\ensuremath{\parallel}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{a}}$ and $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{E}\ensuremath{\parallel}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{b}}$ have been derived from the reflectivity spectra by means of Kramers-Kronig analysis. The observed electronic transition energies, notably the lowest allowed transitions near 4 eV and the strong transitions near 9.5 eV, are interpreted on the basis of a recent calculation of the electronic structure of the ${\mathrm{S}}_{8}$ molecule. Exciton creation processes dominate the observed absorption spectra.
Anatomic correlates of supra‐normal ankle brachial indices (2012)

In symptomatic patients referred to a vascular laboratory who were found to have supra-normal ABI, nearly one half exhibited multilevel PAD, and over 80% had infrapopliteal involvement. A supra-normal ABI in such patients mandates evaluation for the presence and extent of PAD.
Hysteresis of Potential-Dependent Changes in Ion Density and Structure of an Ionic Liquid on a Gold Electrode: In Situ Observation by Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy (2013)

Potential-dependent structure and dynamics of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([BMIM][TFSA]) on an Au electrode have been investigated by using surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS). In situ, real-time IR measurements during potential scans enable us to probe a hysteretic exchange and reorientation of both the cation and anion at the interface simultaneously owing to the high interface selectivity and sensitivity of SEIRAS. Our experimental results reveal that during potential scans, the ion density in overlayers changes first, and then the exchange of the ions in the first ionic layer occurs to compensate the changes in surface charge.
Urinary fibrin split products in lupus nephritis. (1976)

Antigen-antibody interaction and fibrin deposition at the glomerular basement membrane can release activators that ultimately convert fibrin into degradation products of varying molecular size. Thus, increased urinary fibrinogen/fibrin split products (FSP) might be expected in active lupus nephritis. A longitudinal study was done on 27 patients with biopsy-proven lupus nephritis. Those patients who were persistent FSP excretors were found to be at a significantly greater risk of progressive nephritis and renal death than those who were FSP negative. It is suggested that FSP excretion in lupus nephritis, particularly on a continued basis and despite normalization of other renal disease parameters, is a grave prognostic sign.
Evaluation method for arc fault detection algorithms (2014)

Many methods have been proposed to detect arc faults within photovoltaic systems. However, because of the dearth of data surrounding arcs that actually occur in commercial or residential PV systems, a sound method is necessary to systematically check for the effectiveness of algorithms claiming the ability to detect PV arc faults. This method should include data representing actual background PV system noise and seek to quantify the limits of the detection capability for the algorithms of interest.
Syntactic analysis of English by computer (1963)

A statement in a spoken language may be regarded as a one-dimensional string of symbols used to communicate an idea from the speaker to a listener. The dimensionality of the statement is limited by the need for presenting words in a single time sequence. However, evidence indicates that most information and ideas are not stored by people in one-dimensional arrays isomorphic to these linear strings. This implies that a speaker must use certain complex information manipulating processes to transform the stored information to a linear output string, and that a listener, in order to understand the speaker, must use another set of processes to decode this linear string. In order for communication to take place, the information map of both the listener and the speaker must be approximately the same, at least for the universe of discourse. Most important, the decoding process of the listener must be an approximate inverse of the encoding process of the speaker.
Cover Feature: Increased Conformational Flexibility of a Macrocycle–Receptor Complex Contributes to Reduced Dissociation Rates (Chem. Eur. J. 64/2017) (2017)

State-of-the-art isothermal titration calorimetry, 19F NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations reveal unexpected differences in the binding kinetics of closely related macrocycles. Most strikingly, increased flexibility of the bound macrocycle correlates with elongated receptor residence time. These findings highlight the potential of loop-like peptide epitopes as starting point for macrocyclic peptidomimetics. More information can be found in the Communication by C. Rademacher, T. N. Grossmann et al. on page 16157.
Bulk inversion asymmetry enhancement of polarization efficiency in nonmagnetic resonant-tunneling spin filters (2003)

We analyze the effect of bulk inversion asymmetry (BIA) on the efficiency of nonmagnetic heterostructure resonant tunneling spin filters grown along $[001].$ We show that when only structural inversion asymmetry (SIA) is taken into account, the theoretical upper limit of current spin polarization for the Rashba effect resonant tunneling spin filter with a one-sided collector geometry is $2/\ensuremath{\pi}(\ensuremath{\approx}63.7%),$ independent of the direction of the one-sided collector. When both SIA and BIA effects are included, we can significantly enhance or degrade current spin polarization from the SIA-only value by varying the collection angle, with the best and worst directions, respectively, being $[110]$ and $[11\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}0]$ (or vice versa, depending on the relative sign between the SIA and BIA coefficients). We can similarly improve the spin filtering efficiency of Rashba effect resonant tunneling spin filters that rely on the use of a lateral electric field in the emitter region to induce spin polarization, simply by applying the field along $[110]$ (or $[11\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}0]).$
Structural study of compounds modelling elementary polymer units, 2. Molecular and crystal structures of bis[(3‐pentafluorophenoxy)phenyl] 4,4′‐oxydibenzoate and octafluorobiphenyl‐4,4′‐diylbis(oxy‐1,3‐phenylene) dibenzoate (1985)

Abstract This paper discusses the synthesis and X‐ray studied of bis[(3‐pentafluorophenoxy)phenyl] 4,4′‐oxydibenzoate ( 10 ) and octafluorobiphenyl‐4,4′‐diylbis(oxy‐1,3‐phenylene) dibenzoate ( 11 ). These compounds are differently chosen models of the elementary unit of a polyarylate based on fluorinated bisphenols and aromatic dicarboxylic acids. Structures of 10 and 11 provide data on the conformational flexibility and the predominant was of arrangement of polyarylate chains.
Tardy sciatic nerve palsy following apophyseal avulsion fracture of the ischial tuberosity (1998)

This 4 1-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of symptoms and signs of sciatic nerve compression. Imaging studies revealed a large ossified fragment within the biceps muscle of the thigh abutting the sciatic nerve at the level of the lesser trochanter. The bony fragment resulted from an unrecognized apophyseal avulsion fracture of the ischial tuberosity, which the patient had sustained while sprinting 27 years earlier. External neurolysis of the sciatic nerve and excision of the mass led to a successful outcome.
Platelet‐derived growth factor BB mediated regulation of 12‐lipoxygenase in porcine aortic smooth muscle cells (1996)

Platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF) is a potent mitogen and chemoattractant for vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). In the present study, we have examined the effects of PDGF on the 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) pathway of arachidonate metabolism in porcine aortic VSMC (PVSMC). The rationale for this is previous studies showing that LO products have growth and chemotactic effects in VSMC and that another VSMC growth factor, angiotensin II, is a potent positive regulator of 12-LO activity and expression. We observed that PDGF causes a significant increase in the formation of the 12-LO product, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) in PVSMC. In addition, PDGF also markedly increased leukocyte-type 12-LO messenger RNA and protein expression. PDGF-induced PVSMC migration was inhibited significantly by two LO blockers but not by a cyclooxygenase blocker. Furthermore, although the proliferative effects of PDGF on PVSMC were not altered by cell culture under hyperglycemic conditions (25 mM glucose, HG), the chemotactic effects of PDGF as well as those of 10% fetal calf serum were significantly greater in cells cultured in HG as compared to normal glucose conditions (5.5 mM), thus indicating a potential new mechanism for the accelerated cardiovascular disease usually observed in diabetes. These results indicate a novel mechanism for the biological effects of PDGF in leading to cardiovascular disease. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Self-assembled monolayer films of fullerene C60 on cysteamine-modified gold (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-assembled monolayer films of fullerene C60 on cysteamine-modified goldW. Brett Caldwell, Kaimin Chen, Chad A. Mirkin, and Susan J. BabinecCite this: Langmuir 1993, 9, 8, 1945–1947Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00032a002https://doi.org/10.1021/la00032a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1339Altmetric-Citations152LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comprehensive Genomic Analysis in NRG Oncology/RTOG 9802: A Phase III Trial of Radiation Versus Radiation Plus Procarbazine, Lomustine (CCNU), and Vincristine in High-Risk Low-Grade Glioma (2020)

This study is the first to report the predictive value of the WHO-defined diagnostic classification in a set of uniformly treated patients with LGG in a clinical trial. Importantly, this post hoc analysis supports the notion that patients with <i>IDH</i>-mutant high-risk LGG regardless of codeletion status receive benefit from the addition of PCV.
Endogenous retroviruses: from infectious elements to bona fide genes with a physiological role (2009)

Endogenous Retroviruses (ERVs) are present in all higher eukaryotes where they represent a large fraction of the genomes (8% in humans, divided into about 100 families). They are remnants of ancestral infections by bona fide retroviruses that have infected the germline and have thereafter been transmitted in a Mendelian manner. Conversely, they are a reservoir from which new infectious retroviruses can arise via recombination. The similarity between ERVs and present-day infectious retroviruses is remarkable, in terms of genome organization, encoded proteins, structures of the associated virus-like particles, and to some extent replicative cycles. Although most ERVs are defective due to genetic drift, the ''molecular biology'' of functional elements that could be identified in the human and murine genomes will be presented. Some ERVs have retained infectious properties (e.g. the HERV-K, GLN and IAPE elements), whereas others have evolved toward retroelements with a strictly intracellular life cycle (e.g. MusD and IAP elements) with high insertional mutagenesis activity. The molecular basis for these evolutionary transformations has been characterized, as well as the putative and/or still-present progenitors of these ''intracellularized'' elements. A step further to retrovirus ''capture'' by the host genomes will be exemplified with the so-called syncytin genes, which are retroviral envelope genes that have been ancestrally ''hijacked'' by several mammalian species - including primates and rodents- and have been conserved over >30 millions years of evolution in a functional state: syncytins have a placenta-specific expression and a cell-cell fusogenic activity most probably involved in placentation and syncytiotrophoblast formation. Data based on knockout mice will be presented that lend support to this subverted and essential role of ERV genes in mammalian physiology, and on the convergent impact of these independently acquired elements. Finally, the refined mechanisms that have evolved for the host control of ERVs and related elements will be described, with special emphasis on the restriction effects of the cellular APOBEC3 cytosine deaminase proteins, which inhibit amplification of both the infectious ERVs and the intracellularized retroelements, and whose effects can be clearly detected through the signatures imprinted on the numerous genomic copies of these elements.
A model of the dynamics of retinal activity during natural visual fixation (2007)

During visual fixation, small eye movements keep the retinal image continuously in motion. It is known that neurons in the visual system are sensitive to the spatiotemporal modulations of luminance resulting from this motion. In this study, we examined the influence of fixational eye movements on the statistics of neural activity in the macaque's retina during the brief intersaccadic periods of natural visual fixation. The responses of parvocellular (P) and magnocellular (M) ganglion cells in different regions of the visual field were modeled while their receptive fields scanned natural images following recorded traces of eye movements. Immediately after the onset of fixation, wide ensembles of coactive ganglion cells extended over several degrees of visual angle, both in the central and peripheral regions of the visual field. Following this initial pattern of activity, the covariance between the responses of pairs of P and M cells and the correlation between the responses of pairs of M cells dropped drastically during the course of fixation. Cell responses were completely uncorrelated by the end of a typical 300-ms fixation. This dynamic spatial decorrelation of retinal activity is a robust phenomenon independent of the specifics of the model. We show that it originates from the interaction of three factors: the statistics of natural scenes, the small amplitudes of fixational eye movements, and the temporal sensitivities of ganglion cells. These results support the hypothesis that fixational eye movements, by shaping the statistics of retinal activity, are an integral component of early visual representations.
Reconstitution studies of the human erythrocyte nucleoside transporter. (1985)

The human erythrocyte nucleoside transporter has been identified as a band 4.5 polypeptide (Mr 45,000-66,000) on the basis of reversible binding and photoaffinity labeling experiments with the nucleoside transport inhibitor, nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR). In the present study, the NBMPR-binding protein was extracted from protein-depleted human erythrocyte "ghosts" with Triton X-100 and reconstituted into soybean phospholipid vesicles by a freeze-thaw-sonication procedure. The reconstituted proteoliposomes exhibited nitrobenzylthioguanosine (NBTGR)-sensitive [14C]uridine transport. A partially purified preparation of the NBMPR-binding protein, consisting largely of band 4.5 polypeptides, was also shown to have nucleoside transport activity. This band 4.5 preparation exhibited a 10-fold increase in uridine transport activity and a 7-fold increase in NBMPR-binding activity relative to the crude membrane extract. Uridine transport by the reconstituted band 4.5 preparation was saturable (apparent Km = 0.21 mM; Vmax = 9 nmol/mg of protein/5 s) and was inhibited by dipyridamole, dilazep, adenosine, and inosine. The vesicles reconstituted with the band 4.5 preparation also exhibited stereospecific glucose transport which was inhibited by cytochalasin B, but unaffected by NBTGR. In contrast, cytochalasin B was a poor inhibitor of NBTGR-sensitive uridine transport. These experiments implicate band 4.5 polypeptides in both nucleoside and sugar permeation.
Acid cleavage of nickel(II) complexes containing cis,cis-1,3,5-cyclohexanetriamine (tach), crystal structure of [Ni(tach)(H2O)3](NO3)2, and a correlation between the structure and reactivity of nickel-polyamine complexes (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcid cleavage of nickel(II) complexes containing cis,cis-1,3,5-cyclohexanetriamine (tach), crystal structure of [Ni(tach)(H2O)3](NO3)2, and a correlation between the structure and reactivity of nickel-polyamine complexesGerold Schwarzenbach, Hans Beat Buergi, William P. Jensen, Geoffrey A. Lawrance, Lene Moensted, and Alan M. SargesonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1983, 22, 26, 4029–4038Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00168a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00168a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: An Extremely Simple, Convenient, and Selective Method for Acetylating Primary Alcohols in the Presence of Secondary Alcohols. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hydroperoxylation by Hydroxyethylphosphonate Dioxygenase (2009)

Hydroxyethylphosphonate dioxygenase (HEPD) catalyzes the O(2)-dependent cleavage of the carbon-carbon bond of 2-hydroxyethylphosphonate (2-HEP) to afford hydroxymethylphosphonate (HMP) and formate without input of electrons or use of any organic cofactors. Two mechanisms have been proposed to account for this reaction. One involves initial hydroxylation of substrate to an acetal intermediate and its subsequent attack onto an Fe(IV)-oxo species. The second mechanism features initial hydroperoxylation of substrate followed by a Criegee rearrangement. To distinguish between the two mechanisms, substrate analogues were synthesized and presented to the enzyme. Hydroxymethylphosphonate was converted into phosphate and formate, and 1-hydroxyethylphosphonate was converted to acetylphosphate, which is an inhibitor of the enzyme. These results provide strong support for a Criegee rearrangement with a phosphorus-based migrating group and require that the O-O bond of molecular oxygen is not cleaved prior to substrate activation. (2R)-Hydroxypropylphosphonate partitioned between conversion to 2-oxopropylphosphonate and hydroxymethylphosphonate, with the latter in turn converted to phosphate and formate. Collectively, these results support a mechanism that proceeds by hydroperoxylation followed by a Criegee rearrangement.
Inquisition of Touch Information Processing in Function Level based on the Observation of a Fingertip Contact Interface (2002)

触覚センサ/ディスプレイ等の触覚応用技術を効果的に実現するためには, 把持や触感知覚といった人の機能に付随する触覚情報処理のモデル化が重要となる。しかし, 心理学や生理学で構築されているモデルは, 指先接触力に着目した運動モデルや, 受容器応答に着目した生理モデルのように, 触覚の断片的な現象だけを記述したものが多い。本稿では, 従来の知見を包括的に取り込み, 触覚情報処理に関する機能モデルを構築するための効果的アプローチとして, カメラを用いた指先接触面計測を提案し, 把持運動解析に対する適用例を説明する。
Seasonal Fluctuations of Aroma Components of Essential Oils from <i>Larix leptolepis </i> (2019)

Conifer resins are used as chemical raw materials for daily necessities. There have been many reports on the aroma components of turpentine oil from rosin, but there has been no reports on fluctuations in the aroma components through spring to late autumn. We speculated that the aroma components in the essential oils of deciduous coniferous larches might fluctuate during maturation of the foliage. In this study, we focused on the aroma components of larch essential oils and we clarified by multivariate analysis how the aroma components fluctuate during leaf maturation. The results of analysis showed that there was a drastic seasonal fluctuation of the chemical components in larch essential oils, especially in senescent leaves in late autumn. Cryptone and linalool were identified as the characteristic aroma components in essential oil from senescent larch leaves.