gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of depositional facies from seismic data (1979)

Abstract Depositional environments can be predicted from seismic data through an orderly approach to the interpretation of seismic reflections. One keystone to this approach is an understanding of the effects of lithology and bed spacing on reflection parameters. Amplitude, frequency, and continuity are some of the parameters most useful for interpreting environments. Reflection amplitude contains information on the velocity and density contrasts at individual interfaces and on the extent of interbedding. Frequency is primarily a characteristic of the nature of the seismic pulse, but it is also related to such geologic factors as the spacing of reflectors or lateral changes in interval velocity. Continuity of reflections is closely associated with continuity of bedding (e.g., continuous reflections suggest widespread, layered deposits).A second keystone to this interpretive approach is the parallelism of reflection cycles to gross bedding and, therefore, to physical surfaces that separate older from younger sediments. Exceptions to this concept include (1) fluid contact reflections, (2) limitations imposed by seismic resolution, and (3) various non-geologic coherent events. In spite of these exceptions, this concept provides a powerful tool for the analysis of reflection patterns.Reflection cycle patterns include the configuration of reflections (i.e., layered, chaotic, and reflection-free) and the nature of cycle terminations at the depositional unit boundaries. The external form of the depositional unit can be analyzed from a grid of seismic lines and is valuable in interpreting the depositional processes responsible for the unit. Sheet, sheet drape, wedge, lens, fan, and other forms are described. The areal associations of these forms are often critical to environmental interpretation. Examples of facies interpretation from seismic sections are shown for depositional environments ranging from shelf to basin floor.
Cilostazol Can Increase Skin Oxygen Supply Assessed by Transcutaneous Oxygen Pressure Measurement in Type 2 Diabetes With Lower Limb Ischemic Disease (2016)

We found that 8 weeks of treatment with cilostazol 100 mg daily was safe and well tolerated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes with lower limb ischemic disease.
Enzalutamide (Xtandi) for Patients With Metastatic, Resistant Prostate Cancer (2014)

Enzalutamide is effective to slow progression of metastatic CRPC, to reduce prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, to decrease time to progression of PSA, to increase time to first skeletal-related events, and to increase quality of response rate. Enzalutamide was given at 160 mg/d for a median of 8 cycles of administration. Clinical trials are currently being conducted to observe if enzalutamide will be useful for treatment of other cancers and for early administration in prostate cancer.
State-of-the-Art Evaluation of Emergency Department Patients Presenting With Potential Acute Coronary Syndromes (2016)

It is well established that clinicians cannot use clinical judgment alone to determine whether an individual patient who presents to the emergency department has an acute coronary syndrome. The history and physical examination do not distinguish sufficiently between the many conditions that can cause acute chest pain syndromes. Cardiac risk factors do not have sufficient discriminatory ability in symptomatic patients presenting to the emergency department. Most patients with non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction do not present with electrocardiographic evidence of active ischemia. The improvement in cardiac troponin assays, especially in conjunction with well-validated clinical decision algorithms, now enables the clinician to rapidly exclude myocardial infarction. In patients in whom unstable angina remains a concern or there is a desire to evaluate for underlying coronary artery disease, coronary computed tomography angiography can be used in the emergency department. Once a process that took ≥24 hours, computed tomography angiography now can rapidly exclude myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease in patients in the emergency department.
Marilyn Quayle meets the press: Marilyn Loses (1996)

Analysis of forty newspaper articles appearing in major daily newspapers about Marilyn Quayle, wife of the vice‐presidential candidate and then, wife of the vice‐president reveals the difficulties facing contemporary political spouses as they attempt to break through an established paradigm in which women belong in the private sphere while men are placed in the public sphere. As Marilyn Quayle combined a political and public role with a traditional domestic role, she found herself facing highly critical media reports. These reports focused on the themes of Quayle's clothing, her intelligence and her advisory position to Dan Quayle. Descriptions of her clothing, hairdo, skirt size etc. served to confine her to a traditional role, but when Quayle stepped into a public role appearing as highly intelligent and an influential adviser to her candidate husband, media reports were critical. Additionally, Marilyn Quayle's publicly stated dislike of the press and its coverage violated political protocol and hence became newsworthy. Not until Quayle wept in public and apologized for her attitude toward the members of the press, did the news coverage become more balanced. But the reconciliation occurred only after a damaging litany of reports exemplifying the strength of media criticism, of the expectations for the role of political spouses, and of the continuing stereotypical assumptions about women.
Equation of state of polytetrafluoroethylene (2003)

The present drive to make munitions as safe as is feasible and to develop predictive models describing their constitutive response, has led to the development and production of plastic bonded explosives and propellants. There is a range of elastomers used as binder materials with the energetic components. One of these is known as Kel-F-800™ (poly-chloro-trifluroethylene) whose structure is in some ways analogous to that of poly-tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE or Teflon). Thus, it is of interest to assess the mechanical behavior of Teflon and to compare the response of five different production Teflon materials, two of which were produced in pedigree form, one as-received product, and two from previous in-depth literature studies. The equations of state of these variants were quantified by conducting a series of shock impact experiments in which both pressure-particle velocity and shock velocity-particle velocity dependencies were measured. The compressive behavior of Teflon, based upon the results of this study, appears to be independent of the production route and additives introduced.
Adenosarcoma of the Uterine Cervix (1995)

The clinical and pathologic features of 12 cervical adenosarcomas from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology are described. The patients ranged in age from 13 to 67 years (mean 37). The majority (58%) presented with abnormal bleeding. All tumors were located in the cervix and consisted of soft, tan, polypoid or papillary masses ranging in size from 1.5 to 4.5 cm. Microscopically, they showed a biphasic pattern with mesenchymal and epithelial components. There was a characteristic stromal condensation below the epithelial surface and around glandular structures. The cytologic atypia of stromal cells was 1+ in three, 2+ in five, and 3+ in four. The mitotic activity ranged from four to 28 (mean 7.0) mitotic figures per 10 high-power fields. One neoplasm contained cartilage and one striated muscle. Myometrial invasion was present in three. Treatment consisted of hysterectomy in nine patients and excisional biopsy in three. Two patients received radiotherapy; one before surgery and the other after hysterectomy. Two were treated with chemotherapy. Follow-up ranged from 9 months to 18.8 years. Nine patients were alive and well with no evidence of recurrent tumor at postoperative intervals of 0.8-18.8 years. One patient died 1 year after diagnosis with intraabdominal metastasis. One developed a recurrent tumor. This study demonstrates a favorable prognosis for patients with cervical adenosarcoma. Similar to patients with uterine adenosarcoma, prognosis is mostly affected by the presence of deep myometrial invasion.
Unified media functions for mobile multimedia devices (2008)

In this paper we present research results from the three design and evaluation rounds for creating unified media functions set for mobile multimedia devices. The aim of the unified media functions is to provide a set of media functions consisting from playback control, media functions and media switching states that would work similarly for different media type. Our research results look promising for providing unified functions for different media types and also the proposed set has proved to be future proof for new mobile media types, social media aspects and new UI styles.
Effects of amylin on glucose metabolism and glycogenolysis in vivo and in vitro. (1990)

The effects of amylin on glucose metabolism and glycogenolysis were examined in vivo and in vitro. Eighteen-hour-fasted rats were infused with 5 nmol.kg-1.min-1 amylin and [3-3H]glucose for 120 min. Blood glucose levels increased an average of 45% during the infusion. Glucose turnover measurements indicated that the overall rate of glucose appearance (Ra) did not change, but the metabolic clearance rate of glucose was decreased by 42%. Samples of liver, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles were freeze-clamped at the end of the infusion period and analyzed for glycogen and glucose 6-phosphate levels. Glycogen levels were decreased in all tissue samples, whereas glucose 6-phosphate was elevated in gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Isolated soleus muscles were incubated in vitro with 200 microU/ml of insulin and 1, 10, or 100 nM amylin. Amylin treatment had no effect on 3-O-methyl-D-glucose transport; however, 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake was inhibited by 33 or 48% at 10 or 100 nM amylin, respectively. Glycogen levels were also decreased after treatment with 10 and 100 nM amylin. Glucose 6-phosphate levels were not affected by amylin treatment in the presence of insulin but were increased nearly twofold in its absence. The data suggest that amylin stimulates glycogenolysis and inhibits glucose uptake both in vivo and in vitro and that the inhibition of glucose uptake is due to inhibition of glucose phosphorylation (i.e., hexokinase).
Aluminum Mulch Increases Quality and Yield of ‘Orleans’ Apples1 (1975)

Abstract Covering the ground between the hedge rows of an ‘Orleans’ apple orchard with a laminated plastic film vacuum-coated with aluminum significantly increased the average weight, diameter, color and sugar content of fruit harvested from the lower half of the canopy. The total weight of fruit harvested per tree was not affected until the following season when a large increase was recorded.
Next generation modeling II - applications: experiencing natural phenomena with virtual, constructed and mathematical models (2003)

In this paper we discuss how different kinds of models can be combined in an educational setting to enable students to experience natural phenomena, here earthquakes. Different tools enable students to manipulate virtual models, construct physical models and formulate mathematical models. Ideally, the modelling processes and the resulting models complement each other to some degree. Virtual and physical models can then be driven by real data as well as mathematical models of the phenomena.
Measurement of Magnetic Field Distorting the Electron Beam Direction in Scanning Electron Microscope (2008)

The magnetic field that is generated by different electric devices in an environment of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) causes the direction of the electron beam to become distorted and, consequently, registered images to become distorted. This paper describes a method for a measurement of the magnetic field affecting the direction of the electron beam. It consists of the analysis of SEM images that are registered for several distances between the final aperture of an electron column and a specimen. Means of the measurement of a constant and a periodic magnetic field are explained. The presented examples show the results of the measurement of the constant field that is generated by coils that are placed either inside or outside the microscope chassis. The results are compared with the ones obtained using a reference magnetometer. In the presented method, a direct magnetic field influence on the electron beam is separated from any other influences. Also, the magnetic field nonuniformity along the electron beam path is considered. The current investigations enable the magnetic field compensation and test the shielding efficiency of the SEM chassis.
Predicting Trajectory Paths For Collision Avoidance Systems (2015)

This work was motivated by the idea of developing a more encompassing collision avoidance system that supported vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communications. Current systems are mostly based on line of sight sensors that are used to prevent a collision, but these systems would prevent even more accidents if they could detect possible collisions before both vehicles were in line of sight. For this research we concentrated mostly on the aspect of improving the prediction of a vehicle's future trajectory, particularly on non-straight paths. Having an accurate prediction of where the vehicle is heading is crucial for the system to reliably determine possible path intersections of more than one vehicle at the same time. We first evaluated the benefits of merging Global Positioning System (GPS) data with the Geographical Information System (GIS) data to correct improbable predicted positions. We then created a new algorithm called the Dead Reckoning with Dynamic Errors (DRWDE) sensor fusion, which can predict future positions at the rate of its fastest sensor, while improving the handling of accumulated error while some of the sensors are offline for a given period of time. The last part of out research consisted in the evaluation of the use of smartphones' built-in sensors to predict a vehicle's trajectory, as a possible intermediate solution for a vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communications, until all vehicles have all the necessary sensors and communication infrastructure to fully populate this new system. For the first part of our research, the actual experimental results validated our proposed system, which reduced the position prediction errors during curves to around half of what it would be without the use of GIS data for prediction corrections. The next improvement we worked on was the ability to handle change in noise, depending on unavailable sensor measurements, permitting a flexibility to use any type of sensor and still have the system run at the fastest frequency available. Compared to a more common KF implementation that run at the rate of its slowest sensor (1Hz in our setup), our experimental results showed that our DRWDE (running at 10Hz) yielded more accurate predictions (25-50% improvement) during abrupt changes in the heading of the vehicle. The last part of our research showed that, comparing to results obtained with the vehicle-mounted sensors, some smartphones yield similar prediction errors and can be used to predict a future position.
A control-theoretic approach to flow control (1995)

This paper presents a control-theoretic approach to reactive flow control in networks that do not reserve bandwidth. We assume a round-robin-like queue service discipline in the output queues of the network's switches, and propose deterministic and stochastic models for a single conversation in a network of such switches. These models motivate the Packet-Pair rate probing technique, and a provably stable rate-based flow control scheme. A Kalman state estimator is derived from discrete-time state space analysis, but there are difficulties in using the estimator in practice. These difficulties are overcome by a novel estimation scheme based on fuzzy logic. We then present a technique to extract and use additional information from the system to develop a continuous-time system model. This is used to design a variant of the control law that is also provably stable, and, in addition, takes control action as rapidly as possible. Finally, practical issues such as correcting parameter drift and coordination with window flow control are described.
Evaluation of C-EC-agar, a modified mFC-agar for the simultaneous enumeration of faecal coliforms and Escherichia coli in water samples (1994)

A new medium, C-EC-agar (Biolife, Milan, Italy), was evaluated for the simultaneous enumeration by membrane filtration of faecal coliforms and Escherichia coli in water. The medium is a modification of m-faecal coliform agar, from which the aniline blue and lactose have been omitted and 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-d-galactopyranoside and isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside added. At 44°C E. coli gives blue-green colonies that fluoresce under u.v.-light (366 nm) and give a reddish-violet colour when Kovac's reagent is placed on the membrane. Under similar conditions, faecal coliform colonies do not fluoresce. To increase recovery on the medium, repair of sub-lethally injured cells by a 4-h incubation at 37°C on tryptic soy agar is recommended.
One-Pot Growth of 3D Reduced Graphene Oxide Foams Embedded with NiFe Oxide Nanocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction (2016)

Active, stable, earth-abundant and cost-effective electrocatalysts are important to water splitting for producing oxygen and clean fuel hydrogen. Here we report a facile one-pot hydrothermal assembly of three-dimensional (3D) reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-Ni-Fe oxide hybrid foams as an effective electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). It was found that in the one-step hydrothermal process, only in a narrow pH range around 3.5, the 3D RGO foam can be formed with non-precious nickel-iron oxide nanoparticles (<5 nm) embedded in the porous structure of the foam. The as-prepared 3D structured RGO foams provide an effective network for electron transfer, massive pore structures for ion transport, and large surface areas for reaction. The electrochemical properties of RGO-Ni-Fe foams were investigated by using a three-electrode system under alkaline conditions, with the OER properties comparable to those of iridium catalyst and other superior Ni-Fe catalysts.
Useful, But Usable? Factors Affecting the Usability of APIs (2011)

Software development today has been largely dependent on the use of API libraries, frameworks, and reusable components. However, the API usability issues often increase the development cost (e.g., time, effort) and lower code quality. In this regard, we study 1,513 bug-posts across five different bug repositories, using both qualitative and quantitative analysis. We identify the API usability issues that are reflected in the bug-posts from the API users, and distinguish relative significance of the usability factors. Moreover, from the lessons learned by manual investigation of the bug-posts, we provide further insight into the most frequent API usability issues.
ML 3.1 smoothed aggregation user's guide. (2004)

ML is a multigrid preconditioning package intended to solve linear systems of equations Ax = b where A is a user supplied n x n sparse matrix, b is a user supplied vector of length n and x is a vector of length n to be computed. ML should be used on large sparse linear systems arising from partial differential equation (PDE) discretizations. While technically any linear system can be considered, ML should be used on linear systems that correspond to things that work well with multigrid methods (e.g. elliptic PDEs). ML can be used as a stand-alone package or to generate preconditioners for a traditional iterative solver package (e.g. Krylov methods). We have supplied support for working with the Aztec 2.1 and AztecOO iterative package [16]. However, other solvers can be used by supplying a few functions. This document describes one specific algebraic multigrid approach: smoothed aggregation. This approach is used within several specialized multigrid methods: one for the eddy current formulation for Maxwell's equations, and a multilevel and domain decomposition method for symmetric and nonsymmetric systems of equations (like elliptic equations, or compressible and incompressible fluid dynamics problems). Other methods exist within ML but are not described in this document. Examples are given illustrating the problem definition and exercising multigrid options.
The preclinical basis for broad-spectrum selective cytoprotection of normal tissues from cytotoxic therapies by amifostine. (1999)

Administered before cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiation, the aminothiol, amifostine (Ethyol; Alza Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA/US Bioscience, West Conshohocken, PA), provides broad-spectrum cytoprotection of various normal tissues without attenuating antitumor response. The basis for the selectivity of action resides in the anabolism of amifostine at the normal tissue site by membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase. Dephosphorylation to the free thiol, WR-1065, is followed by rapid uptake into normal tissues. In contrast, uptake into tumor tissue is slow to negligible. Pretreatment with amifostine provides protection of normal tissues from the cytotoxic effects of alkylating agents, organoplatinums, anthracyclines, taxanes, and radiation. Additionally, the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of these modalities are also attenuated. Preclinical studies show significant protection of marrow progenitor cells. Synergistic effects in marrow recovery are noted with the sequential use of amifostine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Protection of kidneys and neural tissues from cisplatin toxicity has been shown, as well as protection of the heart, intestinal crypt cells, and pulmonary tissues from chemotherapy and radiation, and vasculoconnective and musculoconnective tissue in an irradiated field. Comparative in vitro and in vivo studies using murine and human tumor xenografts show no protection of antitumor effects of these same therapies despite the protection of normal organs. The unique preclinical profile of amifostine serves as the basis for the clinical development program for this new broad-spectrum cytoprotective agent.
Low plasma gamma-aminobutyric acid levels during the late luteal phase of women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (1996)

Decreased GABA function may represent a common biological link between subtypes of depressive and premenstrual dysphoric disorders. A trait in major depressive disorder and a state-dependent decrease in premenstrual dysphoric disorder might imply a possible continuum between the two disorders.
Going Unconstrained with Rolling Shutter Deblurring (2017)

Most present-day imaging devices are equipped with CMOS sensors. Motion blur is a common artifact in handheld cameras. Because CMOS sensors mostly employ a rolling shutter (RS), the motion deblurring problem takes on a new dimension. Although few works have recently addressed this problem, they suffer from many constraints including heavy computational cost, need for precise sensor information, and inability to deal with wide-angle systems (which most cell-phone and drone cameras are) and irregular camera trajectory. In this work, we propose a model for RS blind motion deblurring that mitigates these issues significantly. Comprehensive comparisons with state-of-the-art methods reveal that our approach not only exhibits significant computational gains and unconstrained functionality but also leads to improved deblurring performance.