gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated Switching and Feedback Control for Mold Filling in Resin Transfer Molding (2000)

Two recent advances in controlling flow progression in RTM are the sequential logic control and the optimal feedback control. Both methods have powerful features as well as limitations. However, they complement each other very well. In this paper we propose an integrated control scheme combining both of them. In this paper the theory of the sequential logic control and the optimal control for flow progression manipulation in RTM is reviewed first. An integrated control approach is then proposed. Simulation results show that the control authority of the system is considerably expanded by the combination of the two. The integrated switching and feedback controller gives excellent performance of mold filling even in the presence of wide variations of the preform properties.
Infra Red 3D Computer Mouse (2000)

The infra red 3D mouse is a three dimensional input device to a computer. It works by determining the position of an arbitrary object (like a hand) by emitting infra red signals from a number of locations and measuring the reflected intensities. To maximize stability, robustness, and use of bandwidth, the signals are designed by means of the wavelet and the Rudin-Shapiro transforms. This also allows for easy separation of simultaneously made measurements. The measured intensities are converted to an 3D position by a neural net. The principle also applies to other applications, for instance a hand in front of monitor. We are currently constructing a prototype to test the potential of this idea
NEOPENTYL POLYOL ESTERS FOR JET ENGINE LUBRICANTS-EFFECT OF TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE ON THERMAL STABILITY AND CORROSIVITY (1968)

Abstract : Chrome-alloy steel AMS-5504 and mild steel promote thermal decomposition of most neopentyl polyol ester base stocks and some Specification MIL-L-23699 lubricant formulations at 500F. Without metals, these esters are stable at this temperature. A few such polyol ester base stocks show a much lower sensitivity to steel at 500F; these exceptions are attributed to the effect of as yet unidentified components. Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) in 1 to 5 percent concentration effectively stabilizes metal-sensitive polyol esters by passivating the active metal surfaces. As in the case of the diester oils, the combination of TCP and water promotes ester hydrolysis and lead corrosivity; this hydrolytic degradation is inhibited by suitable aliphatic amines.
The creation of Qualified Signatures with Trusted Platform Modules (2014)

Frederic Stumpf, Markus Sacher, Claudia Eckert and Alexander Rosnagel argue that the new generations of computers that include a trusted platform have the capacity of providing more reliable proof for both parties when entering contracts at a distance over the internet.
A phase II second-line study of pemetrexed (pem) in combination with bevacizumab (bev) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): An NCCTG and SWOG study (2008)

8080 Background: This phase II study was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and toxicity of pem (500 mg/m2 iv) combined with bev (15mg/kg iv) given every 3 weeks in the 2nd-line therapy of patients (pts) with stage IV/IIIB (pleural effusion) NSCLC. Allelic variants in pem metabolizing genes were also evaluated and correlated with response and toxicity. Methods: The proportion of progression-free (and still on treatment) pts at 3 months (success) was the primary endpoint. Based on a one-stage Fleming design with an exact significance level of 0.09 and 90% power to detect an effective treatment if the true success rate was at least 70%, this treatment would be promising if at least 26 of the first 42 evaluable patients were successes. Based on FPGS re-sequencing and SNP data mining studies, ht-SNPs in pem metabolizing and transport genes (FPGS, GGH, SLC19A1) were constructed. Germ-line DNA was genotyped for these SNPs Results: 48 pts (14 females; 34 males), all evaluable for adverse events (AEs) were accrued. All except one pt are off active treatment. Grade 3+ and 4+AEs occurred in 32 (67%) and 10 (21%) patients respectively. The most common (occurring in 10% or more of patients) grade 3/4 non-hematologic AEs were fatigue (13%), dyspnea (10%), and thrombosis (10%), and grade 3/4 hematologic AEs were neutropenia (19%), leukopenia (17%), and lymphopenia (13%). 24 of the first 42 pts (57%, Exact CI: 41–72%) met the success criteria. The overall disease control rate was 50% (5 confirmed partial response (CPR), 19 confirmed stable disease). In the 5 pts with a CPR, the median response duration was 133 days (range: 84–213). The median follow-up on alive pts is 9 months (m), with a median survival of 8.6 m and a median PFS of 4.1 m. Haplotype-tagged SNPs in GGH (pem inactivation) and reduced folate carrier, SLC19A1(pem transport) were significantly correlated with overall survival, PFS and AE. Conclusion: With a median PFS of 4.1 m, this combination represents an improvement on the median PFS of 2.9 months for a number of single second-line agents and needs to be further studied. Pharmacogenetic studies in larger pt cohorts may predict for efficacy and/or toxicity to pem. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A Quantization Theoretic Perspective on Simulcast and Layered Multicast Optimization (2011)

We consider rate optimization in multicast systems that use several multicast trees on a communication network. The network is shared between different applications. For that reason, we model the available bandwidth for multicast as stochastic. For specific network topologies, we show that the multicast rate optimization problem is equivalent to the optimization of scalar quantization. We use results from rate-distortion theory to provide a bound on the achievable performance for the multicast rate optimization problem. A large number of receivers makes the possibility of adaptation to changing network conditions desirable in a practical system. To this end, we derive an analytical solution to the problem that is asymptotically optimal in the number of multicast trees. We derive local optimality conditions, which we use to describe a general class of iterative algorithms that give locally optimal solutions to the problem. Simulation results are provided for the multicast of an i.i.d. Gaussian process, an i.i.d. Laplacian process, and a video source.
Heritabilities and Correlations of Fusarium Ear Rot Resistance and Fumonisin Contamination Resistance in Two Maize Populations (2006)

Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg (synonym F. moniliforme Sheldon) (teleomorph: Gibberella moniliformis ) and F. proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg (teleomorph: G. intermedia ) are fungal pathogens of maize ( Zea mays L.) that cause ear rot and contaminate grain with fumonisins, a family of mycotoxins that adversely affect animal and human health. The objective of this study was to estimate heritabilities of and genotypic and phenotypic correlations between fumonisin concentration, ear rot, and flowering time in two maize populations. In the (GE440 × FR1064) × FR1064 backcross population, the genotypic and phenotypic correlations between ear rot and fumonisin concentration were 0.96 and 0.40, respectively. Heritability estimated on an entry mean basis was 0.75 for fumonisin concentration and 0.47 for ear rot resistance. In the NC300 × B104 recombinant inbred line population, the genotypic and phenotypic correlations between ear rot and fumonisin concentration were 0.87 and 0.64, respectively. Heritability estimated on an entry mean basis was 0.86 for fumonisin concentration and 0.80 for ear rot resistance. Correlations between fumonisin concentration and silking date were not significant in either population, and correlations between ear rot resistance and silking date were small (less than 0.30) in both populations. Moderate to high heritabilities and strong genetic correlations between ear rot and fumonisin concentration suggest that selection for reduced ear rot should frequently identify lines with reduced fumonisin concentration. Ear rot can be screened visually and so is less costly and less time‐consuming to evaluate than laboratory assays for fumonisin concentration.
A probabilistic approach to multivariable robust filtering and open-loop control (1995)

A new approach to robust filtering, prediction, and smoothing of discrete-time signal vectors is presented. Linear time-invariant filters are designed to be insensitive to spectral uncertainty in signal models. The goal is to obtain a simple design method, leading to filters which are not overly conservative. Modeling errors are described by sets of models, parameterized by random variables with known covariances. These covariances could either be estimated from data or be used as robustness "tuning knobs." A robust design is obtained by minimizing the /spl Hscrsub 2/-norm or, equivalently, the mean square estimation error, averaged with respect to the assumed model errors. A polynomial solution, based on an averaged spectral factorization and a unilateral Diophantine equation, is derived. The robust estimator is referred to as a cautious Wiener filter. It turns out to be only slightly more complicated to design than an ordinary Wiener filter. The methodology can be applied to any open-loop filtering or control problem. In particular, we illustrate this for the design of robust multivariable feedforward regulators, decoupling and model matching filters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The axially dissymmetric pyrrole as a novel chiral building block: synthesis, characterization and application to the first ‘predetermined’ synthesis of a chiral atropisomeric porphyrin with molecular asymmetry (1994)

The first axially dissymmetric pyrroles, 4-methyl-3-(2′-methoxy-1′-naphthyl)pyrrole-2-carboxylates 1, were synthesized, characterized by X-ray crystallography and circular dichroism analysis, and applied to the first ‘predetermined’ synthesis of a chiral atropisomeric porphyrin with molecular asymmetry, (R,R,R,R)- and (S,S,S,S)- 2,7,12,17-tetramethyl-3,8,13,18-tetrakis(2′-methoxy-1′-naphthyl)porphyrin
Stabilizing Potential of Anterior, Posterior, and Circumferential Fixation for Multilevel Cervical Arthrodesis (2007)

Results from our study revealed greater adjacent level motion following all 3 fixation types. No consistent significant intergroup differences in neighboring segment kinematics were detected among reconstructions. Circumferential fixation provided the greatest level of segmental stability without additional significant increase in adjacent level ROM.
Formation, thermal stability, and surface composition of size-selected AuFe nanoparticles (2007)

The surface composition of isolated Au0.5Fe0.5 nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by micelle encapsulation and supported on TiO2(110) has been investigated. The study reveals that phase-segregated structures are present after annealing at 300°C. A subsequent thermal treatment at 700°C resulted in the formation of a AuFe alloy. At this temperature, a state characteristic of Fe was identified at the NPs’ surface. Annealing at 900°C resulted in the disappearance of the Fe surface state, which is attributed to Au segregation to the surface. The initial hexagonal NP arrangement on the TiO2(110) surface was preserved up to 900°C. At 1000°C, Au desorption was observed.
Development of an in-shoe pressure-sensitive device for gait analysis (2011)

In this work, we present the development of an in-shoe device to monitor plantar pressure distribution for gait analysis. The device consists in a matrix of 64 sensitive elements, integrated with in-shoe electronics and battery which provide an high-frequency data acquisition, wireless transmission and an average autonomy of 7 hours in continuous working mode. The device is presented along with its experimental characterization and a preliminary validation on a healthy subject.
Evaluation of the accuracy and precision of lung aerosol deposition measurements from planar radionuclide imaging using simulation (1998)

Planar images of known, theoretical distributions of radioaerosol in the lung have been simulated using lung models derived from magnetic resonance studies on human subjects. Total lung activity was evaluated from the simulated images together with the absolute penetration index (PI) and a relative value expressed as a fraction of that in a simulated ventilation image. The accuracy and precision of these measurements were calculated by comparison with the true values used in the simulation. Total activity was assessed with systematic errors within 5% and precision within 6.5%. Measured PIs varied only slowly with true PI and inter-model variation masked changes between measurements on the different distributions. The relative PI reduced inter-model variation and provided significant differences between all the distributions. PI was significantly affected by misalignment of the lung region of interest. The conducting airways deposition fraction (CADF) used in the simulation correlated linearly with the fractional activity in a central lung region, allowing CADF to be estimated with a precision of 21%.
Stromal Microenvironment Regulates Progenitor Survival through Nitric Oxide Production. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 1440 Poster Board I-463 Nitric oxide (NO) is a small gaseous molecule with diverse roles including the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, adhesion and migration. NO is derived from L-arginine by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) family of enzymes. At least three distinct NOS isoforms have been identified in mammalian cells including the endothelial (eNOS), neuronal (nNOS) and inducible (iNOS). Recently, we have shown that NO donors induce CXCR4 expression in human CD34 positive cells suggesting that NO production may regulate the migration and adhesion of hematopoietic progenitors. To determine the in vivo relevance of these findings and define the role of NO in the biology of hematopoietic progenitor cells, we first investigated NOS expression in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. Using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis, we demonstrate that nNOS, and eNOS isoforms are highly expressed in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) and osteoblastic cell lines, but there was no or low expression of NOS in hematopoietic cells including cell lines and mature blood cells except macrophages that express high level of iNOS. In agreement with RNA analysis, we found large amounts of nitrite (a stable derivative of NO) in the culture medium of stromal (MS-5) and osteoblasic (MG-63) cell lines. To determine the effects of NO on hematopoietic progenitor cells survival, cord blood CD34+ were cultured on MS-5 cells in the presence/absence of NOS inhibitor (L-NAME) for three days, then hematopoietic progenitor numbers were determined by culture in a semi-solid medium and colonies were quantified 14 days later. Treatment with L-NAME reduced colony number by 33, 42 and 54% with 10, 100 and 500 μM L-NAME concentrations, respectively. This effect is NO specific since the diminution of progenitor number was reverted by adding NO donor in the culture medium. These results indicate that NO is produced by bone marrow stromal cells. This production regulates the survival of hematopoietic progenitors in vitro. Further experiments are needed to determine if these effects are dependent on the regulation of CXCR4/SDF-1 signaling. Disclosures Jouni: Région IDF: Employment. Bouamar: Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer: Employment; Cancéropôle IDF: Employment.
Androgen Metabolism by Porcine Granulosa Cells during the Process of Luteinization<i>in Vitro</i>: Identification of 19-Oic-Androstenedione as a Major Metabolite and Possible Precursor for the Formation of C<sub>18</sub>Neutral Steroids* (1991)

The present studies were conducted to define the pathway(s) by which androstenedione is metabolized in porcine granulosa cells (pGC) and determine whether metabolism of this steroid is affected by in vitro luteinization. pGC isolated from large preovulatory follicles were cultured for up to 2 days in the presence of 5 microM unlabeled or [4-14C]-labeled androstenedione. Metabolism of androstenedione was assessed by HPLC, using in-line liquid scintillation detection. Metabolite identification was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of HPLC fractions isolated from medium conditioned by granulosa cells (pGCCM) cultured for 48 h in the presence of unlabeled androstenedione. The metabolites identified were 19-oic-androstenedione (3,17-dioxo-4-androsten-19-oic acid), 19-hydroxytestosterone, 19-hydroxyandrostenedione, 19-nor-testosterone, an estrenolone of as yet unproven stereoisomerism, 5(10)-estrene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol, 17 beta-estradiol, testosterone, and 19-nor-androstenedione. Results indicate that 19-nor-androstenedione is artifactually derived from 19-oic-androstenedione as a result of degradation in storage and during isolation. After metabolite identification, studies of the time course of androstenedione metabolism by pGC during in vitro luteinization were conducted. 17 beta-Estradiol and 19-oic-androstenedione were the predominant metabolites, and accumulation of these steroids was virtually identical. Production of these metabolites was maximal during the first 12 h of culture. The accumulation of 5(10)-estrene-3 beta,17 beta-diol and 19-nor-testosterone was maximal at 48 h of culture, with 5(10)-estrene-3 beta,17 beta-diol consistently accumulating in greater concentrations than 19-nor-testosterone. Aromatase activity of pGC was negligible from 36-48 h of culture, as demonstrated by minimal accumulation of 17 beta-estradiol during this period of culture. The accumulation of 19-oic-androstenedione, 5(10)-estrene-3 beta,17 beta-diol, and 19-nor-testosterone was also negligible during this latter time period, suggesting that their formation is associated with aromatase. From these results, pGC from preovulatory follicles undergoing luteinization in vitro lose the ability to convert androstenedione to estrogens. The formation of 19-oic-androstenedione, shown here for the first time, parallels the formation of 17 beta-estradiol, and this acidic steroid is proposed to be a product of aromatase. As reported in previous studies, pGC do produce C18 neutral steroids from exogenous androstenedione. The production of these steroids requires an active aromatase to produce their immediate precursor, which is here hypothesized to be 19-oic-androstenedione. However, their maximal production does not commence until aromatase activity has declined, and it is hypothesized that their production depends on modifications in steroid metabolism associated with luteinization.
Mean-preserving Portfolio Dominance (1993)

Consider risk-averse agents with utility functions U and V holding portfolios composed of the same two (risky and riskless) assets. Then, V is (Arrow) more risk averse if in all such portfolios V invests less in the risky asset. A natural extension of this analysis of attitudes towards risk to risk itself is to establish a relation between distributions which is necessary and sufficient to induce such investment patterns in the class of all risk-averse agents. This characterization is established in this paper for distributions with equal means. Second Degree Dominance performs a similar role for the notion of ‘more risk averse’ introduced by Pratt but it is too weak for the Arrow concept.
Alteration of Synaptic Network Dynamics by the Intellectual Disability Protein PAK3 (2012)

Several gene mutations linked to intellectual disability in humans code for synaptic molecules implicated in small GTPase signaling. This is the case of the Rac/Cdc42 effector p21-activated kinase 3 (PAK3). The mechanisms responsible for the intellectual defects and the consequences of the mutation on the development and wiring of brain networks remain unknown. Here we show that expression of PAK3 mutants, suppression of PAK3, or inhibition of PAK3 function in rat hippocampal slice cultures interfere with activity-mediated spine dynamics. Inhibition of PAK3 resulted in two main alterations: (1) an increased growth of new, unstable spines, occurring in clusters, and mediated by activity; and (2) an impairment of plasticity-mediated spine stabilization interfering with the formation of persistent spines. Additionally, we find that PAK3 is specifically recruited by activity from dendrites into spines, providing a new mechanism through which PAK3 could participate in the control of both spine stabilization and local spine growth. Together, these data identify a novel function of PAK3 in regulating activity-mediated rearrangement of synaptic connectivity associated with learning and suggest that defects in spine formation and refinement during development could account for intellectual disability.
[Molecular targets in original drug research]. (2002)

Selection of the molecular target, a macromolecule mediating the beneficial effects of the drug substance and thereby determining the mechanism of drug action, is of utmost importance in original drug research. Publication of the draft sequence of the human genome offers a plethora of new possible molecular targets to scientists. That should deeply impact on drug research of the next decades.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROORGANIC CHEMISTRY. XXI. SELECTIVE FORMATION OF α‐ACETOXY KETONES S AND GENERAL SYNTHESIS OF 2,3‐DISUBSTITUTED 2‐CYCLOPENTENONES THROUGH THE ANODIC OXIDATION OF ENOL ACETATES (1976)

Abstract Bei Verwendung von K‐acetat (oder Triäthylamin) als Hilfselektrolyten bei der anodischen Oxidation von Enolacetaten, wie (I) oder (III), wird die Bildung ungesättigter Ketone, wie (V), weitgehend unterdrückt zugunsten der Bildung von α‐Acetoxy‐Ketonen, wie (II) bzw. (IV).
Transitions in morphology observed in nitrogen/methane–hydrogen depositions of polycrystalline diamond films (2001)

In this work, we report on a series of transitions in morphology and texture as 5–1000 parts per million of nitrogen were added to 2% and 1% methane–hydrogen depositions of polycrystalline diamond films. Five results are reported. (1) The threshold for transition into the {100}-faceted morphology occurred at lower parts per million nitrogen for the 1% versus the 2% methane–hydrogen series, opposite from the transition thresholds previously reported. (2) At 1000 parts per million nitrogen the film quality of both series had not yet seriously degraded. (3) A well defined sequence of intermediate texture transitions as a function of increasing parts per million nitrogen was observed for both series. (4) A pretransition morphology of large crystallites interspersed among microcrystalline material directly preceding the transitions to the {100}-faceted morphology was observed for both series. (5) A layered growth and/or etched morphology at high nitrogen concentrations was observed for both series. We discuss these observations in terms of the possible influence of our deposition conditions on the accessibility of diamond growth parameter space and chemistry, including possible dynamical effects of the temperature gradients.