gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hormonal control of insulin-like growth factor-II gene expression in the rat liver (1992)

IGF-II in the rat is an embryonic/fetal growth factor. Transcription of its gene falls abruptly in the liver at about 18-20 days postnatally. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms controlling this phenomenon, we used Northern analysis to investigate the effect of corticosterone and thyroid hormones (tri-iodothyronine and tetra-iodothyronine) on hepatic IGF-II mRNA levels. The administration of either corticosterone or tri-iodothyronine to 8-day-old pups resulted in a significant decrease in IGF-II mRNA when the animals were examined on day 12 of life. Adrenalectomy, thyroidectomy or adrenalectomy combined with thyroidectomy were, however, without effect. Our results indicate that glucocorticoid and thyroid hormones are not the exclusive regulators of IGF-II gene transcription in the rat liver, but participate in this process, which appears to involve multifactorial interactions.
Electronic band structure, phonons, and exciton binding energies of halide perovskites CsSnCl<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>, CsSnBr<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>, and CsSnI<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2013)

The halide perovskites CsSn${X}_{3}$, with $X=$ Cl, Br, I, are investigated using quasiparticle self-consistent $GW$ electronic structure calculations. These materials are found to have an ``inverted'' band structure from most semiconductors with a nondegenerate $s$-like valence band maximum (VBM) and triply degenerate $p$-like conduction band minimum (CBM). The small hole effective mass results in high hole mobility, in agreement with recent reports for CsSnI${}_{3}$. The relatively small band gap changes from Cl to Br to I result from the intra-atomic Sn $s$ and Sn $p$ characters of the VBM and CBM, respectively. The latter is also responsible for the high oscillator strength of the optical transition in these direct-gap semiconductors and hence a strong luminescence and absorption. The band gap change with lattice constant is also anomalous. It increases with increasing lattice constant, and this results from the decreasing valence band width due to the decreased Sn $s$ with anion $p$ interaction. It leads to an anomalous temperature dependence of the gap. The changes in band gap in different lower-symmetry crystallographic phases is studied. The exciton binding energy of the free exciton, estimated from the Wannier-Mott exciton theory and the calculated dielectric constants and effective masses, is found to be two orders of magnitude smaller than previously claimed in literature, or of the order of 0.1 meV. The photoluminescence peak previously assigned to the free exciton is instead ascribed to an acceptor bound exciton. The phonons at the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ point are calculated as well as the related enhancement of the dielectric constants.
Determination of design axle loads for bridges from measurements (2010)

Recently, the new Eurocode 1 was introduced dealing with traffic load on bridges. In order to establish the National Annex for the design traffic load, measurements of the traffic load were carried out in several highways in The Netherlands using the Weigh In Motion system. The goal was to assure that a bridge, designed according to the new code has the required safety level. The structural safety design of bridges requires estimates of extreme loads with a return period of 76,500 years. The Weigh In Motion system provides the data to estimate these extreme loads. The extrapolation was done through statistical methods. In order to determine the extreme value distribution, a Bayesian approach is followed. For each of the selected distributions, the probability is determined given the measured data. The selection of the optimal design load was done through heuristics that take into account the uncertainty arising from the lack of data
Leading their learning (2013)

Be ambitious for your pupils, stimulating their curiosity for the new. Anthony David explains how to establish what they already know and go beyond the basics.
Quasiperiodic Patterns (1985)

We present here a general framework to produce quasiperiodic tilings and more general quasiperiodic patterns in $n$ dimensions corresponding to a finite number of local neighborings around each point. In particular, we give simple descriptions of the Penrose tilings of the plane and of a tiling of the three-dimensional space which exhibits an icosahedral symmetry. The Fourier transform of this last pattern is derived and shows a striking similarity with the electron-diffraction images obtained for a recently discovered alloy of Al and Mn.
Glucose or Insulin, but not Zinc Ions, Inhibit Glucagon Secretion From Mouse Pancreatic α-Cells (2005)

The mechanisms by which hypoglycemia stimulates glucagon release are still poorly understood. In particular, the relative importance of direct metabolic coupling versus paracrine regulation by beta-cell secretory products is unresolved. Here, we compare the responses to glucose of 1) alpha-cells within the intact mouse islet, 2) dissociated alpha-cells, and 3) clonal alphaTC1-9 cells. Free cytosolic concentrations of ATP ([ATP](c)) or Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](c)) were imaged using alpha-cell-targeted firefly luciferase or a green fluorescent protein-based Ca(2+) probe ("pericam"), respectively. Consistent with a direct effect of glucose on alpha-cell oxidative metabolism, an increase in glucose concentration (from 0 or 3 mmol/l to 20 mmol/l) increased [ATP](c) by 7-9% in alpha-cells within the intact islet and by approximately 4% in alphaTC1-9 cells. Moreover, glucose also dose-dependently decreased the frequency of [Ca(2+)](c) oscillations in both dissociated alpha-cells and alphaTC1-9 cells. Although the effects of glucose were mimicked by exogenous insulin, they were preserved when insulin signaling was blocked with wortmannin. Addition of ZnCl(2) slightly increased the frequency of [Ca(2+)](c) oscillations but failed to affect glucagon release from either islets or alphaTC1-9 cells under most conditions. We conclude that glucose and insulin, but not Zn(2+) ions, independently suppress glucagon secretion in the mouse.
Chagas' Heart Disease in the United States (1991)

In the United States, Chagas' heart disease commonly mimics coronary artery disease or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. The prognosis is poor for patients with heart failure or left ventricular aneurysm or dysfunction. The disease may be underdiagnosed in the United States.
Reduction of coercivity in FePt/FeRh bilayer films by heating (2005)

In this study, in order to investigate the effect of antiferromagnetic(AF)-ferromagnetic(FM) transition of FeRh layer on the magnetization reversal of FePt layer, some films of FePt/FeRh/MgO(001) with different thickness are fabricated and the temperature dependence of polar Kerr effect are measured. In addition, details of film structure are investigated by XRD, AFM/MFM and RHEED measurements. Results show that for the FePt(10 nm)/FeRh (7.5 nm) film, the coercive field Hc decreases gradually with increasing temperature, but slightly increase once, and takes a small maximum around the AF-FM transition temperature(Tt). The slight increase of Hc around Tt may be due to a contribution of strain to the magnetic anisotropy of FePt, since the first order AF-FM transition of FeRh gives rise to sharp lattice expansion. On the other hand, for the FePt(10 nm)/FeRh(25 nm) film, the coercive field decreases drastically at temperature above Tt. A shape change in polar Kerr hysteresis loops is observed which suggests the existence of exchange spring effect between FeRh underlayer and FePt upperlayer.
Mutational analysis of inherited epilepsies. (1986)

Single-gene mutations in mice initiate specific heritable neuronal diseases featuring different patterns of epilepsy. Thirteen chromosomal loci for convulsive seizures and four loci for spike-wave seizures have been assigned. Within this genetic framework, a few general principles are emerging. Mutations located on different chromosomes may result in identical seizure patterns. Interactions between specific genes, demonstrated by the synthesis of compound heterozygotes, can express intermediate syndromes. Interactions with unknown genes in the background can mask neurological disease expression. Analysis of the cellular phenotypes of epileptic mutants is a direct strategy to define naturally occurring defects in central synaptic pathways involved in cortical synchronization. In one allele of the tottering locus, a pathogenetic lesion linking noradrenergic hyperinnervation with cortical spike-wave discharges has been identified. The tottering gene initiates an overgrowth within all target innervation areas of axon terminals originating from the locus coeruleus (LC). Selective neonatal denervation of the excess noradrenergic axons permanently prevents the subsequent appearance of cortical spike-wave seizures in the adult animal. Partial lesions of central noradrenergic afferent fibers in adults temporarily reverse the seizure disorder. Other criteria defining the relationship between the mutant gene and the electrophysiologic traits and the role of central noradrenergic pathways in neuronal synchronization are reviewed. Isolating and tracing the developmental expression of epileptic mutations permits a formal classification of gene-linked excitability defects, a derivation of basic rules governing their inheritance, and the design of strategies to correct the gene error. By allowing phenotypic comparisons with over 60 known human inherited neurological diseases associated with seizures, these models may directly contribute to advances in the clinical management of epileptic gene expression.
O<scp>ral and</scp> P<scp>haryngeal</scp> R<scp>eflexes in the</scp> M<scp>ammalian</scp> N<scp>ervous</scp> S<scp>ystem:</scp> T<scp>heir</scp> D<scp>iverse</scp> R<scp>ange in</scp> C<scp>omplexity and the</scp> P<scp>ivotal</scp> R<scp>ole of the</scp> T<scp>ongue</scp> (2002)

The oral cavity and pharynx are anatomically separate but functionally integrated regions of the head. The two regions are involved in complex motor responses that include feeding, chewing, swallowing, speech, and respiration. The multiple sensory receptors that innervate these two regions provide the first link in reflexes that control muscles of the entire head, upper gastrointestinal tract, and airway. Most of the reflexes affect the diversity of muscles that compose the tongue, which is vital to all stages of feeding and which continually affects the patency of the airway. Oral-pharyngeal reflexes are evident in the mammalian fetus and continually emerge as the animal or human matures. Some of the first reflexes in the oral region are geared toward nourishment. As the central nervous system matures and the oral and pharyngeal regions develop morphologically, new reflexes develop. Many of these reflexes are protective both of the tissue in the oral cavity, such as the tongue, and of the upper airway in preventing aspiration. While simple reflexes can be evoked in isolation, most reflexes combine with more complex oral and pharyngeal responses such as chewing and vocalization. Oral-pharyngeal reflexes demonstrate a range in complexity. Some sensory stimuli will evoke a series of responses, as is often evident in the infant, and other stimuli will evoke a complex multiple-level recruitment of muscles in a sequence, as in pharyngeal swallowing. Certain sensory inputs evoke an entire motor behavior pattern, such as taste avoidance or facial expression. The oral-pharyngeal reflexes are critical to maintaining life and ultimately serve functions that the oral and pharyngeal regions have in common, such as communication, feeding, and breathing.
Industrial machine vision system for fast and precise 3D object localization (2009)

Machine Vision for industrial applications requires simple-to-use and robust solutions. Usually industrial machine vision solutions are reduced to a simple 2D application, for which algorithm robustness has already been fully demonstrated, and where a key part of all those visual inspection systems is the efficient commercially-available illumination control systems that ensure the repeatability of captured image intensity. Nevertheless these projects sometimes require the 3D information for applications such as pick and place robotics, and this field of applications is not yet covered by most of the commercial industrial vision brands which actually tend to simplify the programmable visual device and its associated functions. We present in this paper a new fast and robust 3D localization method based on object edge. This process offers an infinite number of possible cases of industrial applications when 3D localization is required, but could also be employed for 3D classification, for example in case of the food industry when fruits are selected depending on their size and must be localized because of the random distribution on a conveyor belt. The presented industrial machine vision system is easy and fast to implement. It results in a robust, precise, and inexpensive industrial solution.
Isolation and characterization of chicken liver lysosomes. (1988)

The distribution patterns of chicken liver lysosomal enzymes were studied in iso-osmotic gradients of Percoll. The lysosomal enzymes separated by Percoll gradients showed three different types of distribution. In contrast with rat liver lysosomes, purified chicken liver lysosomes were very stable during storage at 4 degrees C.
Rapid deoxyribonuclease test with methyl green (1977)

A 4-h deoxyribonuclease test using methyl green to differentiate Serratia from other Enterobacteriaceae was developed. The tests agreed 100% with an overnight plate test for 100 Serratia, 83 Enterobacter, and 6 Klebsiella species.
Experiment on Fractional Frequency Transmission System (2006)

The fractional frequency transmission system (FFTS) is a very promising long-distance transmission approach, which uses lower frequency (50/3 Hz) to reduce the electrical length of the ac power line, and thus, its transmission capacity can be increased several fold. This paper introduces the experimental installation of FFTS and primary experiment results. The experiment uses the phase-controlled cycloconverter as the frequency changer, stepping up 50/3 Hz electricity to 50 Hz electricity and supplying it to the utility grid. Thus, a new flexible ac transmission system device is successfully established in this experiment. The synchronizing process of 50/3 Hz transmission system with 50 Hz utility system is introduced in this paper. The experiment results show that a 1200 km/500 kV transmission line can transmit more than 2000 MW electric power when employing the FFTS. The experiment also illustrates that there is no essential difficulty to realize FFTS in engineering practice.
Developing Adaptive Personalized Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis using Reinforcement Learning (2012)

Optimal clinical management of inherited chronic diseases, such as Cystic Fibrosis (CF), requires a dynamic approach which updates treatments to cope with the evolving course of illness and to tailor medicines and dosages for individual patient. In this paper, we examine the problem of computing optimal adaptive personalized therapy for CF patients. A temporal difference reinforcement learning method called fitted Q-iteration is utilized to discover the optimal treatment regimen directly from clinical data. We conduct a simulation study of virtual cystic fibrosis patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and antibiotic therapy with parameters tuned to approximately match published data from CF patients. Our simulation results indicate that reinforcement learning can be an effective tool in developing personalized therapy which optimises the benefit-risk trade off in multi-stage decision making and improves long term outcomes in chronic diseases.
Proposition of mechanism formation of whisker like-crystals among molecular compounds (2002)

International audience
Insights into the Role of Erysipelotrichaceae in the Human Host (2015)

OPINION article Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 20 November 2015Sec. Microbiome in Health and Disease https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2015.00084
High-Pressure Effects on Maillard Reaction between Glucose and Lysine (2002)

Glucose-lysine model systems prepared over a range of pH values (5-10) in unbuffered and buffered media were incubated at 60 degrees C either under atmospheric pressure or at 400 MPa. The results obtained showed that high pressure affected in different ways the different stages of the Maillard reaction and that such effects were strongly influenced by pressure-induced changes in the pH of the systems. In unbuffered media, at an initial pH < or =8.0, the formation of Amadori rearrangement products (ARP) was not considerably affected by pressure, whereas the intermediate and advanced stages of the Maillard reaction were suppressed, suggesting a retardation of the degradation of the ARP. In buffered media, at pH values < or =8.0, pressure slowed the Maillard reaction from the initial stages. These effects are attributed to the pH drop caused by the pressure-induced dissociation of the acid groups. In unbuffered and buffered media at initial pH = 10.2, high pressure accelerated the formation and subsequent degradation of ARP, leading to increased levels of intermediate and advanced reaction products.
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles (1992)

Hydrogen is an especially attractive transportation fuel. It is the least polluting fuel available, and can be produced anywhere there is water and a clean source of electricity. A fuel cycle in which hydrogen is produced by solar-electrolysis of water, or by gasification of renewably grown biomass, and then used in a fuel-cell powered electric-motor vehicle (FCEV), would produce little or no local, regional, or global pollution. Hydrogen FCEVs would combine the best features of battery-powered electric vehicles (BPEVs) -- zero emissions, high efficiency, quiet operation and long life -- with the long range and fast refueling time of internal-combustion-engine vehicles (ICEVs). If fuel-cell technology develops as hoped, then hydrogen FCEVs will be a significant advance over both hydrogen ICEVs and solar BPEVs: they will be cleaner and more efficient than hydrogen ICEVs, have a much shorter refueling time than BPEVs, and have a lower lufecycle cost than both. Solar-hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles would be general-purpose zero-emission vehicles, and could be an important component of strategy for reducing dependence on imported oil, mitigating global warming, and improving urban air quality, at an acceptable cost.
[Localization of choline acetyltransferase in the alveolar portion of the mammary gland of the white mouse]. (1986)

The light optic investigation has been performed on the 10th--15th days of lactation. The enzymatic activity has been determined by Burt method (1971). The product of histochemical reaction is revealed in the secretory cell and in the basal parts of the alveoli, that corresponds to location of myoepithelial cells. Localization of the reaction product in the secretory cells of the neighbouring alveoli is heterogeneous. The enzyme of acetylcholine synthesis is revealed along the course of single neural fibers included into the composition of the ileo-hypogastric nerve of the mammary gland. The results obtained, together with the data of certain physiological investigations make it possible to substantiate participation of the cholinergic mechanism in the alveolar cells activity and consider participation of the cholinergic process in intercellular interactions, that ensure functional conjugation of myoepithelial and secretory cells.
A Mathematical Model of Tooth Geometry and Undercutting Condition and Contact Ratio Analysis of the Cosine Gear Drive Generated by a Cosine Rack Cutter (2012)

This paper proposes a cosine gear drive provided with a pair of cosine gears which are generated by a cosine rack cutter. Based on the coordinate transformation theory and the theory of gearing, a mathematical model of tooth geometry of the cosine gear drive is developed. The condition of undercutting for the cosine gear generated by a cosine rack cutter is established to determine the minimum number of teeth of non-undercutting. An analytic mathematical model for evaluating contact ratio of the cosine gear drive is built. A cause-and-effect analysis for contact ratio is executed under considering gear module, gear ratio, addendum coefficient, and dedendum coefficient as causes. Results of the analysis show that gear module does not affect contact ratio at all but the other causes do affect contact ratio. The proposed cosine gear drive is able to reduce the size of gear box since the minimum number of teeth of non-undercutting is only 6. Furthermore, the production cost and production lead time of the proposed cosine gear drive are low because it can be manufactured efficiently and economically by regular hobbing machines. The use of CNC machines is not necessary.
Structural and optical properties of highly hydroxylated fullerenes: Stability of molecular domains on the C60 surface (2006)

The excitation spectra and the structural properties of highly hydroxylated C(60)(OH)(x) fullerenes (so-called fullerenols) are analyzed by comparing optical absorption experiments on dilute fullerenol-water solutions with semiempirical and density functional theory electronic structure calculations. The optical spectrum of fullerenol molecules with 24-28 OH attached to the carbon surface is characterized by the existence of broad bands with reduced intensities near the ultraviolet region (below approximately 500 nm) together with a complete absence of optical transitions in the visible part of the spectra, contrasting with the intense absorption observed in C(60) solutions. Our theoretical calculations of the absorption spectra, performed within the framework of the semiempirical Zerner intermediate neglect of diatomic differential overlap method [Reviews in Computational Chemistry II, edited by K. B. Lipkowitz and D. B. Boyd (VCH, Weinheim, 1991), Chap. 8, pp. 313-316] for various gas-phase-like C(60)(OH)(26) isomers, reveal that the excitation spectra of fullerenol molecules strongly depend on the degree of surface functionalization, the precise distribution of the OH groups on the carbon structure, and the presence of impurities in the samples. Interestingly, we have surprisingly found that low energy atomic configurations are obtained when the OH groups segregate on the C(60) surface forming molecular domains of different sizes. This patchy behavior for the hydroxyl molecules on the carbon surface leads in general to the formation of fullerene compounds with closed electronic shells, large highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gaps, and existence of an excitation spectrum that accounts for the main qualitative features observed in the experimental data.