gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of HIV Infection on Diastolic Function and Left Ventricular Mass (2009)

HIV-infected patients had a higher prevalence of diastolic dysfunction and higher left ventricular mass index compared with controls. These differences were not readily explained by differences in traditional risk factors and were independently associated with HIV infection. These results suggest that contemporary asymptomatic patients with HIV manifest mild functional and morphological cardiac abnormalities, which are independently associated with HIV infection.
Reconfigurable caches and their application to media processing (2000)

High performance general-purpose processors are increasingly being used for a variety of application domains - scientific, engineering, databases, and more recently, media processing. It is therefore important to ensure that architectural features that use a significant fraction of the on-chip transistors are applicable across these different domains. For example, current processor designs often devote the largest fraction of on-chip transistors (up to 80%) to caches. Many workloads, however, do not make effective use of large caches; e.g., media processing workloads which often have streaming data access patterns and large working sets. This paper proposes a new reconfigurable cache design. This design enables the cache SRAM arrays to be dynamically divided into multiple partitions that can be used for different processor activities. These activities can benefit applications that would otherwise not use the storage allocated to large conventional caches. Our design involves relatively few modifications to conventional cache design, and analysis using a modification of the CACTI analytical model shows a small impact on cache access time. We evaluate one representative use of reconfigurable caches - instruction reuse for media processing. We find this use gives IPC improvements ranging from 1.04X to 1.20X in simulation across eight media processing benchmarks.
The Mechanism of Downbeat Nystagmus (1974)

Eye movements were recorded from three patients with downbeat nystagmus. Unlike vestibular nystagmus, slow phase velocity did not change when fixation was eliminated. Patients could track upward smoothly without nystagmus, but tracking downward was saccadic. However, two patients who had Arnold-Chiari malformations produced brisk down slow phases of nystagmus during vertical head rotation. To better interpret the patients' performance, the pursuit, saccadic, and vestibular oculomotor control systems were modeled on a computer. Downbeat nystagmus was best simulated by assuming that down velocity information could not be transmitted to the neural integrator that generates smooth eye movements in response to visual system commands (a pursuit system defect). The pathology of downbeat nystagmus suggests that the archicerebellum or lower brain stem is important for smooth pursuit as well as other types of eye movements.
Methyl 2,3-Di-<i>O</i>-(<scp>l</scp>-alanyl)-α-<scp>d</scp>-glucopyranoside, a New Sweet Substance (1985)

Journal Article Methyl 2,3-Di-O-(l-alanyl)-α-d-glucopyranoside, a New Sweet Substance Get access Masahiro Tamura, Masahiro Tamura Department of Fermentation Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Shitami, Saijo-cho, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tohru Nakatsuka, Tohru Nakatsuka Department of Fermentation Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Shitami, Saijo-cho, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Keisuke Kinomura, Keisuke Kinomura Department of Fermentation Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Shitami, Saijo-cho, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hideo Okai, Hideo Okai Department of Fermentation Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Shitami, Saijo-cho, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan To whom enquiries should be sent. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sakuzo Fukui Sakuzo Fukui Department of Fermentation Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Shitami, Saijo-cho, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 49, Issue 3, 1 March 1985, Pages 891–893, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1985.10866824 Published: 01 March 1985 Article history Received: 27 August 1984 Published: 01 March 1985
BAP Sparsing: A Novel Approach to MPEG-4 Body Animation Parameter Compression (2005)

The MPEG-4 standard includes support not only for natural video and audio, but also for synthetic graphics and sounds. In the MPEG-4 specifications, body animation parameters (BAPs) and body definition parameters (BDPs) allow virtual bodies and their animation to be compressed using a standard compression pipeline comprising of quantization, predictive encoding and arithmetic coding of these parameters. In this paper, we propose and implement a new stage within the standard prediction-based compression pipeline for the BAPs, termed as BAP sparsing. BAP sparsing compresses a complete block of motion data, consisting of an initial 1-frame followed by subsequent P-frames, required for creating the animation. It exploits the inherent hierarchical structure of the human skeletal model to intelligently drop and modify the P-frames, while preserving animation quality. BAP sparsing is shown to result in superior compression of the BAP data, with negligible loss in the motion animation quality. It is also shown to result in a lower network throughput requirement and fewer CPU cycles on the client end to create the animation. The proposed method is particularly well suited for animation using BAP data.
Machine-independent generation of optimal local code. (1975)

Abstract : There has been extensive research into the automatic generation of compilers. Much of this has concentrated on the issues of syntax and semantics, while little has been done on the problems of code generation. This thesis represents one approach to the latter problem. A model of a compiler-compiler is presented, with the research focussing on the construction of one component of the compiler, that module which determines the possible code sequences which realize a given program. The input to this component is a set of code sequences which are possible realizations of each language construct. This thesis concentrates on the automatic generation of these code sequences from a formal description of the hardware and the language. A notation is developed for representing maching instructions, and a prototype system has been constructed to demonstrate that this notation is amenable to automated analysis. (Author)
Insulation requirements for Voyager mission (1967)

Voyager thermal insulation requirements noting tests of vapor deposited Au on Mylar and Kapton
Synthesis and characterization of di-nuclear bis(benzotriazole iminophenolate) cobalt complexes: catalysis for the copolymerization of carbon dioxide with epoxides (2019)

A family of di-nuclear bis(benzotriazole iminophenolate) (BiIBTP) cobalt complexes containing diverse ancillary carboxylate derivatives have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The one-pot synthesis of the BiIBTP ligand precursor with cobalt perchlorate salt (2.0 equiv.) and carboxylic acid derivatives (2.0 or 5.0 equiv.) in the presence of triethylamine (5.0 equiv.) under refluxing methanolic solution generated bimetallic di-carboxylate Co(ii)/Co(ii) complexes [(<sup>C83C</sup>BiIBTP)Co<sub>2</sub>(O<sub>2</sub>CR)<sub>2</sub>] (R = C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub> (1), C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub> (2), 4-CF<sub>3</sub>-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub> (3), 4-OMe-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub> (4), CF<sub>3</sub> (5)) in ≧65% yields. Interestingly, the Co(ii)/Co(iii) mixed-valence complex 6 resulted from the treatment of 1 with silver perchlorate (1.0 equiv.) as the oxidizing agent under an O<sub>2</sub>-atmosphere in 50% yield. The crystal structure of 6 reveals an ionic and di-nuclear benzoate species composed of a cationic moiety formulated as [(<sup>C83C</sup>BiIBTP)Co<sub>2</sub>(O<sub>2</sub>CC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup> and a counterbalanced perchlorate anion, and both metal atoms are attributed to hexa-coordinated cobalt ions with varied coordination environments. Catalysis results of CO<sub>2</sub>/epoxide copolymerization indicated that complex 1 was more efficient than 2-6 where compound 6 was shown to be the least active. Co complex 1 incorporating benzoate coligands was demonstrated to effectively catalyze the CO<sub>2</sub>-copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO), 4-vinyl-1,2-cyclohexene oxide or cyclopentene oxide, producing the associated CO<sub>2</sub>-based polycarbonates with >99% carbonate repeated units under optimal conditions. Not only the controllable character of complex 1 for CO<sub>2</sub>/CHO copolymerization is enabled, but also 1 has been shown to catalyze such a copolymerization in the "immortal" manner. Using the same di-cobalt catalyst in combination with excess ratios of neopentyl glycol (up to 150 equiv.) as the chain transfer agent could give low molecular weight poly(cyclohexene carbonate) polyols with monomodal molecular weight distributions. This work offers the facilely prepared di-nuclear cobalt complexes as catalysts for the efficient catalysis of CO<sub>2</sub>-copolymerization.
Anti-inflammatory activities of new succinic and maleic acid derivatives from the fruiting body of Antordia camphorata (2008)

The fruiting body of Antrodia camphorata, a native species in Taiwan, is very rare and expensive mushroom. It grows on the inner heartwood wall of the Cinnamomum kanehirai, and has been utilized as treatment of food and drug of intoxications, diarrhea, abnormal pains, hypertension, itchy skin, and liver cancer. In this study, six new succinic and maleic acid derivatives (1-6) were investigated the anti-inflammatory potential, the RAW264.7 macrophages cell line was used in this study. The results indicated that compound 1 significantly activated macrophages to secret TNFα, and suppressed LPS-stimulated IL-6 production (IC50 1.0µg/mL) from RAW264.7 macrophages. Compounds 3, 4, and 6 showed medium activity to suppressed IL-6 production with IC50 values 17, 18, and 25µg/mL. Furthermore, IL-6 production were weak decreased by compounds 2 and 5 (IC50 54 and 96µg/mL). These data suggested compounds 1, 3, 4, and 6 have significant anti-inflammatory effected in macrophage-mediated responses.
Simulation of Intramuscular EMG Signals Detected Using Implantable Myoelectric Sensors (IMES) (2006)

The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of recording independent electromyographic (EMG) signals from the forearm using implantable myoelectric sensors (IMES), for myoelectric prosthetic control. Action potentials were simulated using two different volume conductor models: a finite-element (FE) model that was used to explore the influence of the electrical properties of the surrounding inhomogeneous tissues and an analytical infinite volume conductor model that was used to estimate the approximate detection volume of the implanted sensors. Action potential amplitude increased progressively as conducting electrodes, the ceramic electrode casing and high resistivity encapsulation tissue were added to the model. For the muscle fiber locations examined, the mean increase in EMG root mean square amplitude when the full range of material properties was included in the model was 18.2% (+/-8.1%). Changing the orientation of the electrode with respect to the fiber direction altered the shape of the electrode detection volume and reduced the electrode selectivity. The estimated detection radius of the IMES electrode, assuming a cylindrical muscle cross section, was 4.8, 6.2, and 7.5 mm for electrode orientations of 0 degree, 22.5 degrees, and 45 degrees with respect to the muscle fiber direction.
Selective detection of carbon-13, nitrogen-15, and deuterium labeled metabolites by capillary gas chromatography-chemical reaction interface/mass spectrometry (1989)

We have applied a new chemical reaction interface/mass spectrometer technique (CRIMS) to the selective detection of 13C-, 15N-, and 2H-labeled phenytoin and its metabolites in urine following separation by capillary gas chromatography. The microwave-powered chemical reaction interface converts materials from their original forms into small molecules whose mass spectra serve to identify and quantify the nuclides that make up each analyte. The presence of each element is followed by monitoring the isotopic variants of CO2, NO, or H2 that are produced by the chemical reaction interface. Chromatograms showing only enriched 13C and 15N were produced by subtracting the abundance of naturally occurring isotopes from the observed M + 1 signal. A selective chromatogram of 2H (D) was obtained by measuring HD at m/z 3.0219 with a resolution of 2000. Metabolites representing less than 1.5% of the total labeled compounds could be identified in the chromatogram. Detection limits from urine of 380 pg/mL of a 15N-labeled metabolite, 7 ng/mL of a 13C-labeled metabolite, and 16 ng/mL of a deuterium labeled metabolite were determined at a signal to noise ratio of 2. Depending on the isotope examined, a linear dynamic range of 250-1000 was observed using CRIMS. To identify many of these labeled peaks (metabolites), the chromatographic analysis was repeated with the chemical reaction interface turned off and mass spectra obtained at the retention times found in the CRIMS experiment. CRIMS is a new analytical method that appears to be particularly useful for metabolism studies.
Ventilatory control in patients with sleep apnoea and left ventricular dysfunction: comparison of obstructive and central sleep apnoea (1998)

Sleep apnoea is common in patients with heart failure. While most patients have central sleep apnoea (CSA), a minority have obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The pathophysiology of CSA is not well understood. We hypothesized that central chemosensitivity would be an important pathophysiological factor in patients with CSA, and not in OSA. The aim of this study was to compare ventilatory responses between patients with CSA and those with OSA. Acute ventilatory responses to eucapnic hypoxia and hyperoxic hypercapnia were measured during wakefulness in 34 patients (33 males and one female, aged 59+/-8 yrs (mean+/-SD)), with stable medically-treated left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) and sleep apnoea (18 OSA and 16 CSA). Patients with CSA had a decreased awake end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (4.1+/-0.5 kPa), increased ventilatory response to carbon dioxide (0.65+/-0.43 L.min.(-1).kPa PCO2(-1)), and eucapnic hypoxic responses in the normal range (0.6+/-0.4 L.min(-1)/% fall in arterial oxygen saturation (Sa,O2)). In contrast, patients with OSA had normal end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (4.9+/-0.5 kPa), and normal ventilatory responses to hypercapnia (0.29+/-0.16 L.min(-1).kPa PCO2(-1)) and hypoxia (0.5+/-0.5 L-min(-1)/% fall in Sa,O2). These findings suggest that augmented chemosensitivity to hypercapnia may be an important factor in the pathophysiology of central sleep apnoea in patients with heart failure.
NaturalLI: Natural Logic Inference for Common Sense Reasoning (2014)

Common-sense reasoning is important for AI applications, both in NLP and many vision and robotics tasks.We propose NaturalLI: a Natural Logic inference system for inferring common sense facts -for instance, that cats have tails or tomatoes are round -from a very large database of known facts.In addition to being able to provide strictly valid derivations, the system is also able to produce derivations which are only likely valid, accompanied by an associated confidence.We both show that our system is able to capture strict Natural Logic inferences on the Fra-CaS test suite, and demonstrate its ability to predict common sense facts with 49% recall and 91% precision.
Pump function curve shape for a model lymphatic vessel (2016)

The transport capacity of a contractile segment of lymphatic vessel is defined by its pump function curve relating mean flow-rate and adverse pressure difference. Numerous system characteristics affect curve shape and the magnitude of the generated flow-rates and pressures. Some cannot be varied experimentally, but their separate and interacting effects can be systematically revealed numerically. This paper explores variations in the rate of change of active tension and the form of the relation between active tension and muscle length, factors not known from experiment to functional precision. Whether the pump function curve bends toward or away from the origin depends partly on the curvature of the passive pressure-diameter relation near zero transmural pressure, but rather more on the form of the relation between active tension and muscle length. A pump function curve bending away from the origin defines a well-performing pump by maximum steady output power. This behaviour is favoured by a length/active-tension relationship which sustains tension at smaller lengths. Such a relationship also favours high peak mechanical efficiency, defined as output power divided by the input power obtained from the lymphangion diameter changes and active-tension time-course. The results highlight the need to pin down experimentally the form of the length/active-tension relationship.
Porous and strong three-dimensional carbon nanotube coated ceramic scaffolds for tissue engineering (2015)

Biomaterials research is investigating increasingly complex materials capable of mirroring the highly organized biochemical and architectural environments of the body. Accordingly, tissue scaffolds with nanoscale properties that mirror the fibrous proteins present in tissue are being developed. Such materials can benefit from the inherent dimensional similarities and nanocomposite nature of the cellular environment, altering nanoscale dimensional and biochemical properties to mimic the regulatory characteristics of natural cellular environments. One nanomaterial which demonstrates potential across a diverse range of biomaterial applications is carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Building on previous reports, a method to coat CNTs throughout 3D porous structures is developed. Through modifications to typical chemical vapour deposition (CVD), a high-quality uniform coating of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is demonstrated over β-tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (or TCP/HA), which is in clinical use; and the high-mechanical-strength multicomponent ceramic Ca<sub>2</sub>ZnSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>-ZnAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, (or Sr-HT-Gah). The resulting materials address deficiencies of previously reported CNT biomaterials by simultaneously presenting properties of high porosity, biocompatibility and a mechanical stability. Together, this unique combination of properties makes these scaffolds versatile materials for tissue engineering in load bearing applications.
Understanding the vascular environment of myofascial trigger points using ultrasonic imaging and computational modeling (2010)

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common, yet poorly understood, acute and chronic pain condition. MPS is characterized by local and referred pain associated with hyperirritable nodules known as myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) that are stiff, localized spots of exquisite tenderness in a palpable taut band of skeletal muscle. Recently, our research group has developed new ultrasound imaging methods to visualize and characterize MTrPs and their surrounding soft tissue. The goal of this paper was to quantitatively analyze Doppler velocity waveforms in blood vessels in the neighborhood of MTrPs to characterize their vascular environment. A lumped parameter compartment model was then used to understand the physiological origin of the flow velocity waveforms. 16 patients with acute neck pain were recruited for the study and the blood vessels in the upper trapezius muscle in the neighborhood of palpable MTrPs were imaged using Doppler ultrasound. Preliminary findings show that symptomatic MTrPs have significantly higher peak systolic velocities and negative diastolic velocities compared to latent MTrPs and normal muscle sites. Using compartment modeling, we show that a constricted vascular bed and an enlarged vascular volume could explain the observed flow waveforms with retrograde diastolic flow.
Influence of incremental zeranol implant doses on the chemical and physical characteristics of third metacarpal bone and chemical composition of liver and soft tissue from feedlot steers. (1995)

Chemical and physical characteristics of third metacarpal bones and liver and rib soft tissue composition from feedlot steers were determined. Steers were selected (32 from each experimental location) to represent the range in slaughter weight and composition for each treatment group in three (total n = 1,088) feedlot experiments. Steers were implanted with 0, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, or 96 mg of zeranol at approximately 140 d before slaughter. Cattle at each location were fed for the same number of days and slaughtered as a group. Zeranol dose had no effect on the chemical composition of bone, liver, or rib soft tissue with the following exceptions: zeranol decreased (P < .01) bone Ca concentration and increased (P < .07) liver P concentration. Zeranol implantation decreased medullary cavity anterioposterior (AP) diameters and AP cortical width (P < .08). Loads withstood by the bones up to flexure (P < .08) and the strain at flexure (P < .09) were inversely related to the quadratic of zeranol dose. However, modulus of elasticity at flexure and breaking increased numerically with zeranol dose. Stress withstood by bones at flexure was greater (P < .09) for implanted steers. Strain data indicate that metacarpals from steers receiving zeranol would exhibit less deformation upon loading to flexure (P < .09) than controls. These data indicate that administration of intermediate doses of zeranol altered bone deposition of Ca, which resulted in modified third metacarpal physical and mechanical characteristics.
Identification of Quantitative Traits Loci (QTL) Affecting Growth Traits in Pigs (2005)

The resource population was developed from a cross between Korean native boars and Landrace sows. Five boars of Korean native pig and eleven sows of Landrace were selected randomly from a herd at National Livestock Research Institute, Rural Development Administration in Korea. Each boar was mated naturally with two or more different sows to produce F 1 animals. Each F 1 sire was selected randomly from each litter, and mated naturally with all sows of same litter. Thus eleven sires and 36 dams were used to produce 240 F 2 animals.
Neonatal Neutropenia Due to Maternal Isoimmunization (1960)

Abstract A family is reported with multiple cases of neonatal neutropenia. The first child died of severe infection, the second was asymptomatic, the third and the fourth children had a benign course of agranulocytosis which lasted about 10 weeks and was followed by spontaneous recovery. A potent leukoagglutinin was found in the maternal serum which agglutinated leukocytes obtained from the father and all three available children but failed to agglutinate the mother’s own cells. Identical leukoagglutinin was found in the last baby’s serum; it disappeared after the baby recovered. The disorder is tentatively named "isoimmune neonatal neutropenia" and is considered to represent a condition analogous to erythroblastosis fetalis.
Interaction of Saccharomyces boulardii with Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Protects Mice and Modifies T84 Cell Response to the Infection (2010)

Sb shows modulating effects on permeability, inflammation, and signal transduction pathway in T84 cells infected by ST and an in vivo protective effect against ST infection. The present results also demonstrate that Sb modifies invasive properties of Salmonella.