gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Search for charged Higgs bosons decaying into top and bottom quarks at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector (2018)

A bstract A search for charged Higgs bosons heavier than the top quark and decaying via H ± → tb is presented. The data analysed corresponds to 36.1 fb −1 of pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:math> TeV and was recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2015 and 2016. The production of a charged Higgs boson in association with a top quark and a bottom quark, pp → tbH ± , is explored in the mass range from m H ± = 200 to 2000 GeV using multi-jet final states with one or two electrons or muons. Events are categorised according to the multiplicity of jets and how likely these are to have originated from hadronisation of a bottom quark. Multivariate techniques are used to discriminate between signal and background events. No significant excess above the background-only hypothesis is observed and exclusion limits are derived for the production cross-section times branching ratio of a charged Higgs boson as a function of its mass, which range from 2.9 pb at m H ± = 200 GeV to 0.070 pb at m H ± = 2000 GeV. The results are interpreted in two benchmark scenarios of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model.
γ-Aminobutyric Acid Inhibits T Cell Autoimmunity and the Development of Inflammatory Responses in a Mouse Type 1 Diabetes Model (2004)

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is both a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and a product of beta cells of the peripheral islets. Our previous studies, and those of others, have shown that T cells express functional GABAA receptors. However, their subunit composition and physiological relevance are unknown. In this study, we show that a subset of GABAA receptor subunits are expressed by CD4+ T cells, including the delta subunit that confers high affinity for GABA and sensitivity to alcohol. GABA at relatively low concentrations down-regulated effector T cell responses to beta cell Ags ex vivo, and administration of GABA retarded the adoptive transfer of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in NOD/scid mice. Furthermore, treatment with low dose of GABA (600 microg daily) dramatically inhibited the development of proinflammatory T cell responses and disease progression in T1D-prone NOD mice that already had established autoimmunity. Finally, GABA inhibited TCR-mediated T cell cycle progression in vitro, which may underlie GABA's therapeutic effects. The immunoinhibitory effects of GABA on T cells may contribute to the long prodomal period preceding the development of T1D, the immunological privilege of the CNS, and the regulatory effects of alcohol on immune responses. Potentially, pharmacological modulation of GABAA receptors on T cells may provide a new class of therapies for human T1D as well as other inflammatory diseases.
R5 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection of Fetal Thymic Organ Culture Induces Cytokine and CCR5 Expression (2004)

Late-stage CCR5 tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates (R5 HIV-1) can deplete nearly all CD4+ thymocytes from human thymus/liver grafts, despite the fact that fewer than 5% of these cells express CCR5. To resolve this paradox, we studied the replication and cytopathic effects (CPE) of late-stage R5 HIV-1 biological clones from two progressors and two long-term nonprogressors (LTNP) in fetal thymic organ culture (FTOC) with and without added cytokines. We found that R5 HIV-1 clones from progressors but not LTNP were cytopathic in untreated FTOC. Moreover, R5 HIV-1 clones from progressors replicated to higher levels than LTNP-derived R5 HIV-1 clones in this system. In contrast, when FTOC was maintained in the presence of interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-7, both progressor and LTNP clones exhibited similar replication and CPE, which were equal to or greater than the levels achieved by progressor-derived R5 HIV-1 clones in untreated FTOC. This finding was likely due to IL-2-induced CCR5 expression on CD4+ thymocytes in FTOC. R5 HIV-1 clones showed greater pathogenesis for CCR5+ cells but also showed evidence of CPE on CCR5- cells. Furthermore, infection of FTOC by R5 HIV-1 induced IL-10 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) expression. Both IL-10 and TGF-beta in turn induced CCR5 expression in FTOC. Induction of CCR5 expression via cytokine induction by R5 HIV-1 infection of CCR5+ thymocytes likely permitted further viral replication in newly CCR5+ thymocytes. CCR5 expression, therefore, is a key determinant of pathogenesis of R5 HIV-1 in FTOC.
Synthesis of 2′‐Deoxyisoinosine and Related 2′‐Deoxyribonucleosides (1994)

Abstract Various 2‐substituted purine and pyrrolo[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidine 2′‐deoxyribonucleosides with methylthio ( 13a ), chloro ( 13b ), methoxy ( 9b ), and oxo ( 2, 3 ) substituents at C(2) are prepared. They are obtained either via stereoselective nucleobase‐anion glycosylation or by base transformation. A three‐step synthesis of the unknown 2′‐deoxyisoinosine ( 2 ) from 2′‐deoxyguanosine ( 15 ) is described. Compound 2 as well as its 7‐deazapurine derivative 3 exhibit strong fluorescence.
Aromatic fluoroalkoxylation via direct displacement of a nitro or fluoro group (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAromatic fluoroalkoxylation via direct displacement of a nitro or fluoro groupJohn P. Idoux, Mark L. Madenwald, Brent S. Garcia, Der Lun Chu, and John T. GuptonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 11, 1876–1878Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00211a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00211a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views667Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Binary Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms for ideal adsorbed solutions (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBinary Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms for ideal adsorbed solutionsM. Douglas LeVan and Theodore VermeulenCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1981, 85, 22, 3247–3250Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150622a009https://doi.org/10.1021/j150622a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5284Altmetric-Citations334LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Über die gemeinsame Einwirkung von elementarem Schwefel und gasförmigem Ammoniak auf Ketone, XXXI. Die gemeinsame Einwirkung von elementarem Schwefel und gasförmigem Ammoniak auf cyclische Ketone, III (1961)

Abstract Schwefel und Ammoniak wirken auf α‐Tetralon nicht ein, auch nicht in siedendem Benzol oder bei Gegenwart von Pyridin. — Hingegen kann man vom 2‐Mercapto‐tetralon‐(1) sich ableitende Thiazoline‐Δ 3 durch gemeinsame Einwirkung von Oxo‐Verbindungen, Ammoniak und Schwefelwasserstoff auf das Bis‐[tetralon‐(1)‐yl‐(2)]‐disulfid glatt erhalten. Die bei Verwendung von Aldehyden als Oxokomponenten erhältlichen Thiazoline‐Δ 3 lassen sich leicht durch Erhitzen mit Schwefel auf 125–135° zu den entsprechenden Thiazolen dehydrieren.
Docetaxel + ramucirumab (DR) versus docetaxel + placebo (D) as second-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A randomized, phase II, double-blind, multicenter trial in Japan. (2015)

8054 Background: A randomized global phase III trial (REVEL) demonstrated statistically significant improvement in OS and PFS for DR versus D in patients (pts) with advanced NSCLC; a limited number of East Asian pts were given docetaxel (DOC) at 75 mg/m2, higher than 60 mg/m2recommended in Japan. Methods: A similar phase II study was conducted in Japan to evaluate the efficacy of DR for stage IV NSCLC following disease progression during or after prior platinum-based chemotherapy. Pts with EGFR mutant NSCLC who received prior EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy were enrolled as exploratory. Eligibility criteria included ECOG PS 0-1, age ≥ 20 years, and adequate organ function. Pts were randomized 1:1 to receive DOC 60 mg/m2+ramucirumab 10 mg/kg IV or placebo on Day 1 of a 21-day cycle until disease progression. Stratification factors: PS, gender, prior maintenance therapy. The primary endpoint was PFS to be analyzed after observing 134 PFS events for pts without prior EGFR-TKI therapy (primary population). The number was designed to show a high likelihood of observing PFS HR < 1. Secondary endpoints: safety profile, OS, objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), patient-reported outcomes. We report the results of the primary population. Results: 157 pts (DR 76; D 81) were randomized and treated. Pts characteristics were balanced between arms. The median PFS was 5.2 months (m) [95%CI 3.52, 6.97] for DR and 4.2m [2.83, 5.62] for D; hazard ratio (HR) 0.83 [0.59, 1.16]. ORR: 28.9% (DR), 18.5% (D). DCR: 78.9% (DR), 70.4% (D). The median OS at the time of primary PFS analysis was 15.2m for DR and 14.0m for D (data are immature). Main Grade3/4 toxicites (DR vs D) were neutropenia (90% vs 86%), leukopenia (70% vs 68%), febrile neutropenia (33% vs 20%) and anorexia (7% vs 5%). The Grade3/4 febrile neutropenia did not lead to any fatal events and incidence of Grade ≥ 3 infections were 1% vs 10%. Conclusions: Efficacy results were consistent with those from REVEL. DR has shown clinical benefit over D in terms of PFS, ORR, and DCR in Japanese NSCLC pts. DR was well tolerated, with manageable toxicity. Clinical trial info: NCT01703091. Clinical trial information: NCT01703091.
The synthesis of new isochromanylacetylarylhydrazones designed as probable non-addictive analgesic agents (1997)

The synthesis and pharmacological profile as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents of new isochromanylacetylarylhydrazone derivatives (3) are described in this paper. The synthetic route used in this work to construct the heterocyclic six member ring explored a Lewis acid-catalyzed cyclization process as the key step, which represents a modified Friedel-Crafts reaction. These new derivatives (3) were obtained in ca. 85 % overall yields from the starting material safrole (4), an abundant natural product isolated from Sassafras oil. The NMR spectral analysis of these new derivatives indicated, at the C=N double bond level, the diastereomeric nature in a 70:30 ratio, where the major compound is the (E)-isomer. The results obtained from the pharmacological evaluation of (3) using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test and the acetic acid solution-induced constrictions in mouse test, indicated the pharmacophoric nature of the acylarylhydrazone moiety to the analgesic activity observed in this series.The role of the aryl substituents in the bioactivity seems to indicate that the presence of hydrophobic groups may improve the analgesic profile. These new isochromanylacetylarylhydrazone derivatives (3) represent a new class of non-addictive analgesic agents.
Stereochemical study of iminodihydrofurans based on experimental measurements and SOPPA calculations of <sup>13</sup>C<sup>13</sup>C spin–spin coupling constants (2007)

Configurational assignment and conformational analysis of a series of iminodihydrofurans obtained from cyanoacetylenic alcohols were performed on the basis of experimental measurements and high-level ab initio calculations of their (13)C-(13)C spin-spin coupling constants. The title compounds were shown to form and exist in solution as the individual Z isomers, adopting the orthogonal orientation of the amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino groups and the s-trans orientation of the CONH(2) group at the C(4) position of the 2,5-dihydro-2-iminofuran moiety.
Damage and seismic velocity structure of pulverized rocks near the San Andreas Fault (2013)

Abstract A combination of seismic refraction tomography, laboratory ultrasonic velocity measurements, and microstructural observations was used to study the shallow velocity structure of a strand of the San Andreas fault (SAF) just south of Littlerock, California. The examined site has a strongly asymmetric damage structure with respect to the SAF core. The conglomerates to the southwest show little to no damage, whereas a ~100 m wide damage zone exists to the northeast with a ~50 m wide zone of pulverized granite adjacent to the fault core. Seismic P‐wave velocities of the damaged and pulverized granite were investigated over a range of scales. In situ seismic velocity imaging was performed on three overlapping profiles normal to the SAF with lengths of 350 m, 50 m, and 25 m. In the laboratory, ultrasonic velocities were measured on centimeter‐ to decimeter‐sized samples taken along the in situ profiles. The samples were also investigated microstructurally. Micro‐scale fracture damage intensifies with increasing proximity to the fault core, allowing a subdivision of the damage zone into several sections. Laboratory‐derived velocities in each section display varying degrees of anisotropy, and combined with microfracture analysis suggest an evolving damage fabric. Pulverized rocks close to the fault exhibit a preferred fault‐parallel orientation of microfractures, resulting in the lowest P‐wave velocity orientated in fault‐perpendicular direction. Closest to the fault, pulverized rocks exhibit a gouge‐like fabric that is transitional to the fault core. Comparison of absolute velocities shows a scaling effect from field to laboratory for the intact rocks. A similar scaling effect is absent for the pulverized rocks, suggesting that they are dominated by micro‐scale damage. Fault‐parallel damage fabrics are consistent with existing models for pulverized‐rock generation that predict strong dynamic reductions in fault‐normal stress. Our observations provide important constraints for theoretical models and imaging fault damage properties at depth using remote methods.
Entrapped Bonded Hydrogen in a Fullerene: the Five‐Atom Cluster Sc<sub>3</sub>CH in C<sub>80</sub> (2007)

The synthesis and characterisation of the new endohedral cluster fullerene Sc(3)CH@C(80) is reported. The encapsulation of the first hydrocarbon cluster inside a fullerene was achieved by the arc burning method in a reactive CH(4) atmosphere. The extensive characterisation by mass spectrometry (MS), high- pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), (45)Sc NMR, electron spin resonance (ESR), UV/Vis-NIR and Raman spectroscopy provided the experimental evidence for the caging of the five-atom Sc(3)CH cluster inside the C(80) cage isomer with icosahedral symmetry. The proposed new structure was confirmed by DFT calculations, which gave a closed shell and large energy gap structure. Thus a pyramidal Sc(3)CH cluster and the I(h)-C(80) cage were shown to be the most stable configuration for Sc(3)CH@C(80) whereas alternative structures give a smaller bonding energy as well as a smaller energy gap.
Optimization of Edible Coatings on Minimally Processed Carrots Using Response Surface Methodology (1993)

Formation of a whitish, dried appearance (white blush) on the surface of peeled carrot pieces is a major factor reducing consumer acceptance of minimally processed carrot products. The optimization of sodium caseinate/stearic acid emulsion coating formulations was studied using response surface methodology. Optimization was based on the ability of edible coatings to increase water vapor resistance and reduce white blush measured by sensory and instrumental analysis. The effect of different sodium caseinate/stearic acid emulsion coatings on three different response parameters (water vapor resistance, whitish index, and sensory ranking of white blush) indicated that storage stability of peeled carrots can be improved with an optimized 1.4 to 1.6% sodium caseinate/0.1 to 0.2% stearic acid emulsion coating formulation.
Neuroimaging Studies of Acute Effects of THC and CBD in Humans and Animals: a Systematic Review (2014)

Functional neuroimaging studies have provided extensive evidence for the acute modulation of brain function by cannabinoids, but further studies are needed in order to understand the neural mechanisms underlying these effects. Future studies should also consider the need for more standardised methodology and the replication of findings.
Optimizing the date of an upgrading investment in a data network (2007)

Due to the introduction of new services, the volume of data transferred in mobile networks is rapidly growing and operators periodically face the necessity to upgrade their network. Such upgrades allow them to increase the capacity and provide adequate Quality of Service (QoS). In this paper we propose a general framework for deriving the optimal date for a network upgrade. We show that this date is the result of a compromise between the decrease of upgrade investment cost with time and the loss of profit generated by insufficient capacity. The upgrade should hence be performed when the loss of profit, derived using analytical capacity expressions, exceeds the expected discount. The model presented herein accounts for the randomness of the demand and upgrading cost functions, and results are given for a HSDPA network.
Difference equations for magnetic amplifiers (1955)

THE analysis of magnetic amplifiers through the use of difference equations will result in a different view of the mechanics of operation of the magnetic amplifier. It shows that all magnetic amplifiers operate upon the same basic principles, and that these basic principles are demonstrated by the operation of the basic half-cycle response magnetic amplifier shown in Fig. 1. The purpose of the analysis presented in this article is only to clarify these basic principles.
Effective Line Tension of a Dislocation (1965)

The change in energy of a dislocation in an elastically isotropic continuous medium, resulting from small deviations from its equilibrium position, is derived from a knowledge of the kink-kink interaction. The energy-minimization problem which arises when the dislocation is subject to an external stress is solved by a variational method, the displacement associated with an extensible string being taken as a trial function. The best value for the line tension so derived is significantly smaller (by roughly an order of magnitude in an extreme case) than the earlier estimates of Mott and Nabarro or Cottrell and agrees most closely with a later estimate by Nabarro. The extension of this method to dislocations in discrete lattices is discussed briefly and the use of the string model to analyze nonlinear effects is also considered.
Synthesis of phosphonamidate peptides by Staudinger reactions of silylated phosphinic acids and esters (2010)

The Staudinger reaction of unprotected azido-peptides with silylated phosphinic acids and esters on the solid support offers a straightforward acid-free entry to different phosphonamidate peptide esters or acids under mild conditions in high purity and yield.
Identity of immune cells in graft-versus-host disease of the skin. Analysis using monoclonal antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence. (1984)

The cellular infiltrate in skin biopsies of 9 patients with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has been characterized with the use of monoclonal antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence. Most infiltrating cells in dermis reacted with monoclonal antibodies which recognize T-cell antigens. A mean of 45% of all dermal cells were T11-reactive, while a smaller proportion of cells were identified by another "pan" antibody, OKT3. In all but two instances the proportion of dermal cells reactive with OKT8 exceeded the proportion reactive with OKT4. Anti-Tac, which identifies activated T cells, reacted with a variable proportion of cells. Monocytes and null cells (OKM1+) were frequently observed but were less numerous than T-lymphocytes. Infiltrates were sparsely populated with OKT6-reactive cells, and there was no difference between the number of intraepidermal cells reactive with this antibody in study subjects and normal controls. Few cells reactive with Leu 7 (large granular lymphocytes) or with anti-B-cell reagents were seen. These findings may have clinical implications for use of monoclonal antibodies for prophylaxis and treatment of GVHD.
Di‐isotactic polymers of <i>cis</i>‐ and <i>trans</i>‐β‐chloro‐vinyl ethers and factors determining their steric configurations (1962)

Abstract Some cis ‐ and trans ‐β‐chlorovinyl alkyl ethers were polymerized in a stereospecific way, and crystalline polymers. The steric structures of poly( cis ‐) and poly( trans ‐β‐chloro vinyl butyl ethers) are different one from another, and more precisely of the erythro and threo di‐isotactic type respectively. These results demonstrate a steric polymerization mechanism, which is identical in both forms, with a cis opening of the double bond. Moreover some aspects of the stereospecific polymerization mechanism of mono‐olefinic monomers are discussed. Beside the type of opening of the double bond ( cis or trans ), determining the steric ratios inside each monomeric unit, also the mode of attack of the monomer to the chain is considered here. It can take place on one or on the other of the two enantiomer faces ( D or L ) of the monomer in a constant or in an alternated way. Such a steric attack determines the structural relationships between subsequent monomeric units.