gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Antibody‐Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Phosphate Monoesters. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Non-specific X-linked semidominant mental retardation by mutations in a Rab GDP-dissociation inhibitor (1998)

Non-specific X-linked mental retardation (MRX) is a very common disorder which affects approximately 1 in 600 males. Despite this high frequency, little is known about the molecular defects underlying this disorder, mainly because of the clinical and genetic heterogeneity which is evident from linkage studies. Recently, a collaborative study using the candidate gene approach demonstrated the presence of mutations in GDIalpha, a Rab GDP-dissociation inhibitor encoded by a gene localized in Xq28, associated with non-specific mental retardation. GDIalpha is mainly a brain-specific protein that plays a critical role in the recycling of Rab GTPases involved in membrane vesicular transport. The study presented here was designed to assess the prevalence of mutations in the GDIalpha in mentally retarded patients and to discuss the clinical phenotypes observed in affected individuals. Mutation screening of the whole coding region of the GDIalpha gene, using a combination of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing, was carried out in 164 patients found negative for expansions across the FRAXA GCC repeat. In addition to the nonsense mutation recently reported in MRX48, we have identified a novel missense mutation in exon 11 of the GDIalpha gene in one familial form of non-specific mental retardation. In this family (family R), all affected males show moderate to severe mental retardation, and the X-linked semidominant inheritance is strongly suggested by the severe phenotypes in males with respect to mildly affected females or unaffected obligatory carriers. This study showed that the prevalence of GDIalpha mutations in non-specific mental retardation could be estimated to be 0.5-1%, and molecular diagnosis and genetic counselling in some cases of non-specific mental handicap can now be provided.
Anti-aging Effects of Cyanidin under a Stress-Induced Premature Senescence Cellular System (2010)

The anti-aging effects of cyanidin were investigated under stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) using WI-38 human diploid fibroblasts. WI-38 cells that were treated with 300 microM H(2)O(2) showed losses of cell viability, increased lipid peroxidation, and shortened cell lifespans. However, treatment with cyanidin attenuated cellular oxidative stress through increase of cell viability and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. In addition, the life spans of young-, middle-, and old-aged WI-38 cells were prolonged by cyanidin treatment. Furthermore, H(2)O(2)-treated WI-38 cells significantly increased mRNA and protein expressions of nuclear factor-kappaB, cyclooxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, while those treated with cyanidin had significantly decreased expressions. These results suggest that cyanidin may delay the aging process by attenuating oxidative stress under the SIPS cellular model.
Cellular interactions determine neuronal phenotypes in rodent retinal cultures (1992)

Abstract Progenitor cells isolated from early rat embryo retinas differentiate into phenotypes normally generated early in retinal development (e.g., ganglion cells), whereas progenitors isolated from postnatal retinas differentiate into later‐generated retinal cell types (e.g., rod photoreceptors; Reh and Kljavin, J. Neurosci. 9:4179–4189; 1989; Adler and Hatlee, 1989; Science 243:391–393; Sparrow, Hicks, and Barnstable, 1990, Dev. Brain Res. 51:69–84). To determine whether this change in committment is intrinsic to the progenitor cells, or alternatively can be modified by interactions with their developing environment, I co‐cultured mouse and rat retinal cells, from different developmental stages, and identified the resulting phenotypes with species‐specific and cell class‐specific antibodies. I found that the phenotypes into which mouse neuroepithelial cells differentiate depends on the phenotypes of the rat cells that surround them. Retinal precursor cells from embryonic day (E) 10–12 will adopt the rod photoreceptor phenotype only when close to cells expressing this phenotype. By contrast, when the E10–12 retinal progenitor cells are cultured with cells from the cerebral cortex, they differentiate primarily into large multipolar neurons, similar in their morphology and antigen expression to retinal ganglion cells. These results indicate that interactions among the cells of the developing retina are important in the determination of cell fate. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A note on the measurement of focal spot sizes utilizing star test patterns at low magnification factors (1983)

The validity of focal spot size measurement utilizing the star test pattern at magnification factors less than 1.4× has been confirmed by the use of a 0.4° vertex angle star test pattern and a traveling microscope. It has been found that the apparent nonlinearity of the star test pattern method in the measurement of focal spot sizes at low magnification factors is introduced by the observers as a systematic error due to the difficulty in determining the blur diameter within reasonable accuracy.
Cholesteric Pitch and Blue Phases in a Chiral-Racemic Mixture (1982)

Abstract The cholesteric and “blue” phases (BP) of a mixture of the chiral and racemic forms of the same compound were studied as a function of composition and temperature. It was found that the clearing point and the cholesteric-SA transition temperature was independent of composition. The pitch of the cholesteric at a given temperature was inversely proportional to the fraction of chiral material, as was the lattice parameter of BPII. The lattice parameter of BPI did not follow the above rule. No second-order BPI-BPIIb transition was seen. It is concluded that this mixture is thermodynamically ideal(6,7) in that the intermolecular interactions between two molecules are independent of their relative chirality. Thus, this system comes close to the theorist's ideal of one in which only the chirality is varied.
Peptidase profiles from non-<i>albicans Candida</i>spp. isolated from the blood of a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia and another with sickle cell disease (2007)

Candida lipolytica and Candida rugosa were isolated from blood samples from a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (31 years old) and a patient with sickle cell disease (1-year-old), respectively. Isolates were grown for 48 h at 37 degrees C in either Sabouraud or tryptone soy broth (TSB). Peptidases were tested for using substrate sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels with gelatin, casein, bovine serum albumin (BSA) or hemoglobin. Enzymography analyses were made on the following substrates: human albumin, IgG and human fibrinogen, which had been incubated with the concentrated supernatants. For C. lipolytica, a approximately 60-kDa gelatin-degrading serine proteolytic activity was found in the TSB supernantant as well as a metallopeptidase activity capable of hydrolysing human albumin, IgG and human fibrinogen. With C. rugosa, albumin, IgG and human fibrinogen substrates were degraded by an aspartyl-like peptidase activity. Supernatants from C. rugosa also showed three serine proteolytic activities towards gelatin (approximately 50 kDa, TSB), casein ( approximately 94 kDa, TSB) and BSA ( approximately 120-kDa, Sabouraud), in addition to a metallopeptidase capable of degrading casein ( approximately 110 kDa, Sabouraud). Little is known about peptidases of C. rugosa and C. lipolytica and this preliminary data may prove useful for future work on host-parasite relationship and antifungal agents.
<b>Picranitine, a new indole alkaloid from <i>Picralima nitida</i> (Apocynaceae)</b> (2002)

A new indole alkaloid, picranitine, has been isolated from the seeds of <i>Picralima nitida</i>, along with five known indole alkaloids picratidine, akuammine, pseudoakuammine, akuammicine and akuammidine previously identified from the same source. Structures were elucidated through exhaustive spectral studies including 1D (<sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR) and 2D-NMR (HMQC, HMBC and NOESY).
Ansatzpunkte weiterer Forschung (1992)

Durch den Zusammenbruch des Systems von Bretton-Woods und dem damit einhergehenden dramatischen Anstieg der Wechselkursvolatilität, ist auch das wissenschaftliche Interesse an dem Phänomen Wechselkurs stark gestiegen. Zum einen erfolgte eine wissenschaftlich-empirische Durchdringung der Devisenmärkte mit dem Ziel, die Zusammenhänge zwischen Geld-, Güter- und Devisenmärkten zu erkennen und Wechselkurse zu prognostizieren. Ein Teil der dazu entwickelten Theorien und deren empirischen Befunde wurden im Abschnitt 2.2 dargelegt.
Synthesis of Mixed Refrigerant Cascade Cycles (2002)

This paper considers the synthesis of refrigeration systems with refrigerant mixtures as working fluids. The employed refrigeration topology encompasses features from industrial liquefaction of natural gas (LNG) systems. This configuration consists of a combination of horizontal and vertical cascades generalizing the vertical cascade of pure refrigerant systems. The key features of mixtures exploited here are their ability to evaporate/condense over a temperature range and their potential to generate streams with different compositions through partial condensation. The synthesis problem is formulated and solved as a nonlinear program. The proposed methodology is illustrated using an example of cooling a methane-rich stream.
ChemInform Abstract: Approach to Synthesis of γ‐Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Analogues with Rigid Conformations ‐ Convenient One Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Bisnaphthalenes. (1987)

Abstract Silica gel‐supported cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate oxidation is successfully employed in the synthesis of functionalized C‐C‐linked bisnaphthalenes (II), (III), and (V) from the naphthalenes (II) and (IV) without over‐oxidation.
Cosmogenic tritium problem in iron meteorites (1967)

Pieces of the Sikhote Alin iron meteorite have been irradiated with reactor neutrons to induce the He³ (n, p) H³ reaction. The diffusive behavior of this H³ has been measured as a function of time and of temperature. The results show that the low cosmogenic H³ content of iron meteorites is not due to H³ loss during atmospheric descent, but to diffusion loss at ordinary temperatures during the terrestrial residence ime of the meteorites.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CHEMISTRY OF THUJONE. IX. THUJONE AS A CHIRAL SYNTHON FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE STEROID ANALOGS. THE VINYLPICOLINE ROUTE (1983)

Abstract Durch Reaktion des Enons (l)‐ mit dem Picolin (II) läßt sich über die Stufe (III) das gesättigte Keton (IV) (P2, ; Z=2) darstellen.
La maladie d'Aujeszky en France (1986)

La première période, 1912-1964, fait apparaître des cas sporadiques chez les bovins, chiens, chats suspectés d’après les signes cliniques et rarement transmis par inoculation expérimentale chez le lapin. La deuxième période, de 1965 à nos jours, a permis de découvrir la maladie d'Aujeszky pour la première fois en France, chez le porc. Maladie confirmée par l'isolement du virus, recherches d'anticorps neutralisants et reproduction de la maladie. Pendant la même période et dans les mêmes conditions, la maladie était décelée chez le chien et chez le chat. . En 1965, avec cinq foyers dans un seul département, la maladie d'Aujeszky connaît une extension foudroyante pour atteindre, en 1983, 344 foyers répartis dans 53 départements et d'être, aujourd’hui, disséminés sur l'ensemble du territoire. Le porc, réservoir du virus diffuse la maladie dans l'effectif porcin contaminé, pu non contaminé et chez toutes les espèces sensibles.
Kallikrein gene therapy in newborn and adult hypertensive rats (1997)

The tissue kallikrein-kinin system has been postulated to play an important role in blood pressure regulation. Kallikreins are serine proteinases that release potent vasodilating kinin peptides from precursor kininogens by limited proteolysis. Our recent studies show that systemic delivery of the human tissue kallikrein gene into adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) results in a sustained reduction of blood pressure for several weeks. The goal of this study is to evaluate whether early delivery of the kallikrein gene into newborn SHR could exert a suppressive effect on blood pressure phenotype during rat growth and development. A human tissue kallikrein cDNA construct, under the control of cytomegalovirus promoter (CMV-cHK), or vector DNA was injected subcutaneously into the necks of 2-day-old SHR. Blood pressures were monitored biweekly from 3 to 19 weeks by the tail-cuff method. A single injection of the human kallikrein cDNA construct caused a significant reduction of blood pressure (n = 6, p < 0.001) from 11 to 17 weeks after injection compared with control rats receiving vector DNA. Intravenous delivery of the human tissue kallikrein gene into adult SHR produced blood pressure lowering effects (n = 6, p < 0.001) that lasted for 6 weeks in male but not in female rats. The expression of human tissue kallikrein in rats was identified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction followed by Southern blot analysis and an ELISA specific for human tissue kallikrein. Kallikrein gene delivery did not cause any changes in body weight, urine volume, or water intake in the experimental animals compared with the control group. No antibodies to either human tissue kallikrein or its DNA were detected in rat sera 19 weeks postinjection. These results show that delivery of the kallikrein gene at an early stage of life has a protective effect against development of hypertension in adult SHR and that gender differences could be a factor in kallikrein gene therapy for the treatment of hypertensive disorders.
Revisiting secondary interactions in neighboring group participation, exemplified by reactivity changes of iminylium intermediates (2017)

Neighboring group participation is defined as the action of a substituent to stabilize a transition state or an intermediate by forming a bond or a partial bond with the reaction center. In addition to the primary interaction with the nearest neighboring group, secondary interactions involving another neighboring group(s) could also occur in principle. Here, we revisit this issue by examining the influence of secondary interactions on the stability and reactivity of the putative iminylium cation intermediates, formed by N-O bond cleavage of 1-tetralone oxime systems. A direct observation of a peri-bromo-iminylium intermediate in solution supported the involvement of iminylium cations and the stabilizing effect of secondary interactions arising from a distal tandem substituent. Both experimental and computational findings support the idea that secondary interactions of a tandem-neighboring group on the primary peri-heteroatom (Br, Cl, and O(Me))-iminylium bonding interaction, i.e., a weak halogen bonding interaction (ester (nitro) oxygen-halogen bonding) and an unprecedented hydrogen bonding interaction between a nitro oxygen atom and a CH<sub>3</sub>O hydrogen atom, are crucial determinants of the reaction pathway, leading to either overwhelmingly selective syn-migration of the oxime functionality or covalent bond formation under acid-catalyzed Beckmann rearrangement conditions.
Phonetic recognition using peak weighted binary spectrum (2003)

Invariant acoustic-phonetic features conveyed simultaneously by the stable and the transient portion of the speech signal are investigated quantitatively using a relational cue. To represent the relational cue effectively, a peak-weighted binary spectrum is proposed. Prevocalic nasal recognition results show speaker independence and improved performance in comparison with dynamic time-warping methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Assessment of conformational parameters as predictors of limited proteolytic sites in native protein structures (1998)

Despite the importance of limited proteolysis in biological systems it is often difficult to rationalize why a proteinase hydrolyses a particular bond, given a simple sequence specificity alone. Understanding of the structural properties limiting the proteolysis represents a first step on the pathway to control and manipulation of this phenomena. An expanded set of nick-sites in proteins of known tertiary structure, cut by both narrow and broad specificity proteinases, has been generated yielding a robust data set of strictly limited sites. A critical evaluation of an expanded set of conformational parameters revealed a strong correlation with limited proteolytic sites, although they are only modest predictors in isolation. The overall predictive power is significantly improved when the conformational parameters are combined in a weighted predictive scheme that permits their relative importance to be compared via a Metropolis search protocol. A subset of the parameters performs equally well demonstrating the key determinants of susceptibility. The derived predictive algorithm has been made available via the internet. Its utility for predicting other surface-correlated features is also discussed.
Speech referenced equal loudness contours for pure tones (1981)

Equal loudness contours for pure tones with speech as the reference stimulus were established through an alternate monaural loudness balance procedure. Untrained subjects compared the loudness of a nonmeaningful sentence presented at 10, 30, 50, 70, and 85 dB sensation levels (re: speech detection threshold) to the loudness of six pure tones in the octave test frequency range, 250–8000 Hz. The speech levels and the pure tone frequencies were randomized during the presentation. The results suggest: (1) a similar shape for the contours plotted in terms of sensation level and hearing threshold level in contrast to the contours based on sound pressure level (SPL), (2) a different shape for SPL based contours when compared to the classical pure tone equal loudness contours, and (3) a spread of loudness matches which varied with pure tone frequency and speech presentation level. A discussion of the results will be presented.
134 (2015)

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Cell proliferation in the cranial base of A/J mice with 6‐AN‐induced cleft palate (1973)

Abstract Midsagittal sections of the heads of day 14.5–15.0 control A/J mouse fetuses revealed three areas of rapidly growing cartilage in the cranial base:mesethmoid, presphenoid, and craniopharyngeal. There was a curvature in the presphenoid, which straightened by the time of palatine shelf movement In fetuses of females treated with 6‐aminonicotinamide (6‐AN) on gestation day 13 the presphenoid had not straightened by day 15.5 and these fetuses all had cleft palate. In nontreated mice with spontaneous cleft lip and palate the presphenoid straightening was not impaired. Autoradiographs of [ 3 H] thymidine uptake in the cranial base of experimental fetuses revealed selective impairment of cell proliferation in the presphenoid as judged by a significant decrease in labeled nuclei. It is proposed that straightening of the presphenoid is necessary for palatine shelf movement and normal palate closure.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Indan‐1‐one Enamines Across Arylnitrile Oxides Leading to Novel Cyclic Isoxazoline Derivatives. (2014)

Abstract A series of cyclic fused‐isoxazolines is obtained by regioselective and diastereoselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of enamines (I) and (IV) to arylnitrile oxides.
Structure of Taq DNA polymerase shows a new orientation for the structure-specific nuclease domain (1999)

Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase I consists of the polymerase, the structure-specific nuclease and the vestigial editing nuclease domains. Three-dimensional structures of the native enzyme and its complex with DNA have already been reported. The structure of a complex with an inhibitory antibody has also been determined. The structure of the native enzyme in a different crystal form determined at 2.6 Å is reported here. Optimized anomalous diffraction measurements made at the holmium L III edge were valuable in validating solutions obtained through molecular replacement. The structure of the polymerase domain is similar to those reported previously, while the relative orientation of the structure-specific nuclease domain is significantly different from those of the native enzyme and the DNA complex; it is, however, identical to that observed in the structure of the Fab complex. In the structures of the native enzyme and of the DNA complex reported previously, the active site of the structure-specific nuclease domain is too far from that of the polymerase domain, making it difficult to propose a structural model for the in vivo primer-excision and nick-translation activities of the enzyme. In the present structure, the two active sites are considerably closer. Taken together, the reported structure of the native enzyme, that of the Fab complex and the present structure imply that the different orientation of the structure-specific nuclease domain is probably a consequence of intrinsically high relative mobility between these two domains in this enzyme.
Performance of Straight-Through Type Labyrinth Seal for a Low-Pressure Axial Flow Fan with Outer Ring (2003)

The low-pressure axial flow fans with an outer ring, used for cooling automobile radiators, have a significantly large tip clearance between the ring tip and the fan shroud. It has been known that the turbulence of reverse flow, or leakage flow, which occurs at the tip clearance, greatly affects the performance and noise level. In order to improve the performance and noise level, the authors studied about the labyrinth seal which was used at the clearance. As a result, we discovered that it was possible to predict the performance by conventional theory when the labyrinth was stationary, and that the leakage rate decreased significantly even though the ring speed was much less than that of past research when the ring was rotated.
Field Vaccination Trials against Turkey Coryza Using a Temperature-Sensitive Mutant of Alcaligenes faecalis (1981)

In field trials, 14 flocks of turkeys were vaccinated against coryza (rhinotracheitis) with a temperature-sensitive mutant of Alcaligenes faecalis via drinking water. Vaccine doses of 5 to 250 million bacteria per turkey were used. Turkeys ranged in age from 2.5 to 13 weeks. Doses of 5 to 7 million bacteria did not induce complete protection. Doses of 50 million bacteria or more appeared to induce substantial immunity in most flocks. Six-week-old birds receiving doses of 90 million bacteria developed a high degree of protection against challenge with virulent A. faecalis.
Mammalian NHE2 Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> exchanger mediates efflux of potassium upon heterologous expression in yeast (2005)

Na(+)/H+exchangers form a broad family of transporters that mediate opposing fluxes of alkali metal cations and protons across cell membranes. They play multiple roles in different organisms (protection from toxic cations, regulation of cell volume or pH). Rat NHE2 exchanger was expressed in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strain lacking its own exporters of alkali metal cations. Though most of the overexpressed NHE2 remained entrapped in the secretory pathway, part of it reached the plasma membrane and mediated K+ efflux from the yeast. We demonstrate for the first time that a mammalian Na(+)/H+ exchanger transports alkali metal cations in yeast in the opposite direction than in mammalian cells, and that the substrate specificity of the rat NHE2 exchanger is limited only to potassium cations upon expression in yeast cells.