gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Target Organ Damage in Hypertensive Blacks and Whites (2001)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of the insulin resistance syndrome with both blood pressure and target organ damage in blacks and whites with essential hypertension. Eighty-two black and 63 white French Canadian patients were studied. None had diabetes, and antihypertensive medications had been discontinued for >/=1 week. Measurements included 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, fasting plasma lipids, insulin sensitivity determined with the Bergman minimal model, echocardiogram, microalbumin excretion, and inulin and lithium clearances. Compared with the white French Canadians, black patients had an attenuated nighttime reduction in blood pressure (P<0.02), increased cardiac dimensions (P<0.001), greater microalbumin excretion (P<0.05), increased inulin clearance (indicative of glomerular hyperfiltration; P<0.001), and decreased lithium clearance (indicative of increased sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule; P<0.001). Blood pressure levels were not related to insulin resistance; although in blacks, the nighttime reduction in systolic blood pressure was inversely related to fasting plasma insulin (r=-0.18, P<0.04). In a stepwise multivariate analysis (including blood pressure levels and components of the insulin resistance syndrome as independent variables), race was the strongest predictor of left ventricular mass (r=0.53, P<0.000), relative wall thickness (r=0.49, P<0.000), and both inulin (r=0.53, P<0.000) and lithium (r=0.41, P<0.000) clearances. Nighttime systolic blood pressure was also a significant determinant of concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (r=0.37, P<0.000). In blacks, microalbumin excretion was related to insulin resistance. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that there is a genetic contribution to cardiac hypertrophy, glomerular hyperfiltration, and sodium retention in blacks with essential hypertension.
Artificial Ageing of Al&ndash;Mg&ndash;Cu Alloys (1999)

Artificial ageing of several Al–Mg–Cu alloys for car-body applications has been studied. The Cu:Mg ratio was between 0.14 and 0.29 (in mass) and the ageing temperatures were in the range 60–180°C. Strengthening curves during ageing at 140 to 180°C show several typical stages, namely an initial jump compared to the as-annealed state, followed by a linear increase and finally a peak in strength which appears after considerable ageing time. A two-fold precipitation sequence has been confirmed. On one side S″- and further on S′-phase (precursors of the Al2MgCu phase) precipitate heterogeneously on dislocation loops and helices, on the other hand a homogeneous precipitation sequence in the matrix of the type: Cu/Mg clusters (GPB zones)→S″→S′ has also been observed. The ageing at 60°C follows the same scheme but at much lower speed, so up to three months only the first precipitation stages (i.e. clusters in the matrix and S″ on dislocations) were found. An increased amount of Cu increases the bake hardening response, not only at the peak but over the whole ageing curve. Increasing the amount of Mg (or lowering the Cu:Mg ratio), retards the precipitation sequence which increases the stability against natural ageing. It does not severely decrease the precipitation hardening response since for this practical application the hardening is given by the initial jump. This last appears promptly in the first minutes of ageing at 140–180°C, irrespective of the Mg content. Decreasing the baking temperature from 180 to 140°C is also not affecting the first two hardening stages which means that traditional baking temperatures (160–180°C) can be decreased to 140°C and may be less.
Oxidative free-radical additions of α-nitro ketones and α-nitro amides to alkenes and alkynes mediated by electrochemically regenerable manganese(<scp>III</scp>) acetate (1994)

Manganese(III) acetate mediated oxidative additions of the α-aryl α-nitro ketones 1 and 9 to simple alkenes forms the isoxazoline N-oxides 3 and 10 as the main products in 13–62% yield. Depending upon the structure of the unsaturated system used, the α-allylated α-nitro ketones 4, the tricyclic product 5 or the aromatised isoxazole 7 were also obtained. The oxidative addition of α-methyl α-nitro ketones 11 to hex-1-ene has been shown to yield the γ-acetoxylated α-nitro ketones 12. Based upon the influence of substituents in both the α-nitro ketone and the alkene, the outcome of the reaction mechanism is discussed. The oxidative addition of α-nitro amides 13 to hex-1-ene furnished the cyclic nitronates 14 together with the isoxazolines 15, which have been shown to be formed independently during the course of the reaction. Representative oxidative radical additions were performed using anodically in situ generated manganese(III) acetate from catalytical amounts of manganese(II) acetate. In these cases, yields as high, or even slightly higher, were obtained compared to those reactions employing 2 molar equiv. of the transition metal oxidant.
Simple Dynamics (2018)

Opto-structural analysis generally involves statics (things that do not move) but is not complete without involving dynamics (things that move a little). Almost all optical systems will be subject to vibration during ground transport, handling, shock, aircraft operation, rocket launch, space flight, and in other scenarios.
Role of NF-κB in Regulation of PXR-mediated Gene Expression (2006)

It is a long-standing observation that inflammatory responses and infections decrease drug metabolism capacity in human and experimental animals. Cytochrome P-450 3A4 cyp304 is responsible for the metabolism of over 50% of current prescription drugs, and cyp3a4 expression is transcriptionally regulated by pregnane X receptor (PXR), which is a ligand-dependent transcription factor. In this study, we report that NF-kappaB activation by lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha plays a pivotal role in the suppression of cyp3a4 through interactions of NF-kappaB with the PXR.retinoid X receptor (RXR) complex. Inhibition of NF-kappaB by NF-kappaB-specific suppressor SRIkappaBalpha reversed the suppressive effects of lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Furthermore, we showed that NF-kappaB p65 disrupted the association of the PXR.RXRalpha complex with DNA sequences as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. NF-kappaB p65 directly interacted with the DNA-binding domain of RXRalpha and may prevent its binding to the consensus DNA sequences, thus inhibiting the transactivation by the PXR.RXRalpha complex. This mechanism of suppression by NF-kappaB activation may be extended to other nuclear receptor-regulated systems where RXRalpha is a dimerization partner.
Corrections - Binding of Ethidium Bromide to Double-Stranded Ribonucleic Acid (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrections - Binding of Ethidium Bromide to Double-Stranded Ribonucleic AcidR. Douthart, J. Burnett, F. Beasley, and B. FrankCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 25, 5224Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1973Publication History Published online7 November 2003Published inissue 1 December 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00749a601https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00749a601research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views15Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
One‐step transformation of ammonium dialkyl phosphoroselenoates into dialkyl phosphoramidates (2003)

Abstract Ammonium dialkyl phosphoroselenoates are directly converted into the dialkyl phosphoramidates by iodosobenzene and iodoxybenzene. The inversion of configuration at the phosphorus atom, using model diastereoisomeric ammonium cis‐ and trans‐2‐oxo‐2‐seleno‐4‐methyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaphosphinan system, was observed. The mechanistic scheme of this transformation is discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:121–127, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10110
Mid-infrared nonlinear optics in silicon photonic wire waveguides (2010)

We demonstrate a broadband silicon mid-infrared optical parametric amplifier operating near λ = 2200 nm. The amplifier exhibits a maximum gain as large as 25 dB, and net off-chip gain greater than 13 dB.
Continuous water vapor mass flux and temperature measurements in a model scram jet combustor using a diode laser sensor (1999)

Abstract : A sensor for simultaneous measurements of water vapor density, temperature and velocity has been developed based on absorption techniques using room temperature diode lasers (InGaAsP) operating at 1.31 micrometers. Sensor calibrations of density and temperature were acquired in a laboratory hot absorption cell and on a H2-air flat flame burner from 500 K to 2200 K. In the laboratory with 0.3 Hz bandwidth and path-length of 70 cm in the flame, the sensor provided a precision of better than 5% in temperature and better than 10% in molecular density, and velocity. Optical instrumentation was developed for integrating the sensor to a model SCRAMJET combustor at the Air Force Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson AFB. Preliminary measurements in the Mach 2.1 flowfield at expanded temperatures of 540, 650, and 740 K across and 18 cm pathlength provided a temperature agreement with predictions ranging from 7 to 11%, a density agreement ranging from 17 to 56% and a velocity agreement of 25%. measurements at higher enthalpy flow gave similar results for water density and temperature, but generated increasingly difficult beam steering influences that degraded accurate flow velocity determinations.
Comprehensive Analyses of CD8+ T Cell Responses During Longitudinal Study of Acute Human Hepatitis C * (2005)

We comprehensively studied the cellular immune response during acute human hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by monthly prospective sampling of persons at high risk of infection. In 19 of 23 subjects, interferon-gamma-secreting T cells specific for 1 or more peptides spanning the entire HCV polyprotein were detected 1 to 3 months after infection. The median time to development of interferon gamma responses to HCV peptides was 33 days (range, 29-50 days), and these responses peaked between 180 and 360 days. Nineteen subjects had sufficient follow-up to determine outcome, with 15 (79%) developing persistent viremia and 4 (21%) clearing viremia spontaneously. Of those with progression to chronic infection and detectable T cell responses, all lost recognition of one or more antigens recognized during acute infection, and the median reduction in the magnitude of responses was 85%. Most significantly, despite ongoing viremia, those who had persistent infection did not develop new epitope specificities after the first 6 months of infection. In conclusion, in most individuals, the CD8+ T cell responses generated early in HCV infection decline in peripheral blood and are not replaced with new responses. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the HEPATOLOGY website (http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html).
Effect of Milling Time and Annealing on the Mechanical Response of Mechanically Milled Aluminium (2012)

Owing to its many exceptional properties, aluminium finds many applications in theaerospace, automotive, building and packaging industries. Enhancing its properties through alloyingor thermal treatments has been the focus of researchers’ interests for a long time. In this work, purealuminium powders were mechanically milled for up to 12 hrs and then were cold compacted andextruded to produce bulk nanostructured material. Both tensile and compressive tests wereconducted and the results compared. Post extrusion annealing treatments for up to 3 hrs wereconducted on additional samples.It was found that increasing the process control agent (PCA) content as well as the milling durationresulted in a finer microstructure and hence enhanced mechanical strength. This was accompaniedby a reduction in the ductility of the material. Moreover, compression tests revealed that thesamples are significantly more ductile in compression than in tension and that the decrease inductility with increase in milling time is less significant than in the case of tension. The differencein mechanical response is attributed to plastic instabilities. Annealing was found to enhance thetensile ductility of the samples without sacrificing strength.
A Comparison of the Polymer Mixing Efficiencies of the Stranco Polyblend Unit Versus a Conventional Mixing System (1986)

It is speculated that the most efficient polymer mixing system will expose the greatest amount of polymer charge, thus, maximizing its effectiveness as a coagulant. This study compared the polymer mixing efficiency of the Stranco PolyBlend Unit versus a conventional mixing system. The mixing efficiencies were investigated by measuring the charge density of the polymer solutions obtained from side-by-side comparisons of each system. Cationic polymers used in the testing scheme included those manufactured by Nalco, Stockhausen, and Allied. Viscosity measurements were also performed on some of the active polymer solutions in later runs, to determine the degree of polymer "activation" and the homogeneity of the polymer solution. A comparison of the PolyBlend mixing system with an ideal conventional mixing system on the basis of charge density in the polymer solutions discharged from each system, resulted in a higher charge density in the case of the former for one. cationic polymer studied. The results from the two mixing systems for a second cationic polymer studied were very similar, with a slight edge in favor of the PolyBlend.
SpyGlass (2005)

In this paper we present a modular and extensible visualization framework for wireless sensor networks. These networks have typically no means of visualizing their internal state, sensor readings or computational results. Visualization is therefore a key issue to develop and operate these networks. Data emitted by individual sensor nodes is collected by gateway software running on a machine in the sensor network. It is then passed on via TCP/IP to the visualization software on a potentially remote machine. Visualization plug-ins can register to different data types, and visualize the information using a flexible multi-layer mechanism that renders the information on a canvas. Developers can easily adapt existing or develop new custom tailored plug-ins for their specific visualization needs and applications.
Effects of JP-8 on Molecular and Histological Parameters Related to Acute Skin Irritation (2000)

Abstract : Organic chemicals such as jet fuels and solvents are recognized to cause skin irritation after dermal exposure. The molecular responses to these chemicals that result in acute irritation are not understood well enough to allow the establishment and selection of safe exposure limits. We conducted studies to determine the feasibility of measuring various inflammatory mediators, including IL-1 alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nitric oxide. Male F-344 rats were denmally exposed to JP-8 jet fuel for one hour using Hill Top Chambers. Skin samples were collected at zero, one, two, four and six hours after the beginning of the exposures. Minced skin samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen and pulverized using a stainless steel pulverizer and processed for mRNA and protein analysis. Protein levels were determined using ELISA (IL-1 alpha) and western blot (iNOS). Spectrophotometry was used to measure nitric oxide levels in skin using the Griess reagent. Pathological changes in the skin were evaluated histologically, and immunohistochemistry was used to localize IL-i alpha and iNOS. Northern blot analysis revealed an increase in iNOS mRNA expression by 25% at 1 hr and 125% by 6 hr when compared to 0 hr samples. ELISA results for IL-1 alpha in exposed skin samples showed increased levels from 19 to 46% over the 0 hr samples at various time points. Related, iNOS protein levels were also increased by 42 to 130%. The nitrite assay showed that levels decreased during one-hour exposure and then remained relatively constant after the exposure. Immunohistochemical staining indicated increased expression of IL-1 alpha and nitric oxide synthase compared to 0 hr samples.
MODELING FRAMEWORK FOR MANAGING COPPER RUNOFF IN URBAN WATERSHEDS<sup>1</sup> (2003)

ABSTRACT: A modeling framework was developed for managing copper runoff in urban watersheds that incorporates water quality characterization, watershed land use areas, hydrologic data, a statistical simulator, a biotic ligand binding model to characterize acute toxicity, and a statistical method for setting a watershed specific copper loading. The modeling framework is driven by export coefficients derived from water quality parameters and hydrologic inputs measured in an urban watershed's storm water system. This framework was applied to a watershed containing a copper roof built in 1992. A series of simulations was run to predict the change in receiving stream water chemistry caused by roof aging and to determine the maximum copper loading (at the 99 percent confidence level) a watershed could accept without causing acute toxicity in the receiving stream. Forecasting the amount of copper flux responsible for exceeding the assimilation capacity of a watershed can be directly related to maximum copper loadings responsible for causing toxicity in the receiving streams. The framework developed in this study can be used to evaluate copper utilization in urban watersheds.
Нанотехнологии в хирургии воспалительных заболеваний позвоночника (2017)

The use of implants of three-dimensional carbon-carbon nanomaterials for anterior spine fusion can maintain the present intraoperative correction of kyphotic spinal deformity and to prevent its growth in the late postoperative period, as well as to achieve the maintenance of therapeutic concentrations of antimicrobial drugs directly into the plastic zone within 3 weeks, to accelerate the coalescence of free bone grafts, to prevent their resorption and fracture.
Single-mode GaN nanowire lasers (2012)

We demonstrate stable, single-frequency output from single, as-fabricated GaN nanowire lasers operating far above lasing threshold. Each laser is a linear, double-facet GaN nanowire functioning as gain medium and optical resonator, fabricated by a top-down technique that exploits a tunable dry etch plus anisotropic wet etch for precise control of the nanowire dimensions and high material gain. A single-mode linewidth of ~0.12 nm and >18 dB side-mode suppression ratio are measured. Numerical simulations indicate that single-mode lasing arises from strong mode competition and narrow gain bandwidth.
Why Do Firms Have “Purpose”? The Firm's Role as a Carrier of Identity and Reputation (2015)

This article develops a theory in which a firm's adoption of a prosocial purpose can increase profitability by strengthening employees' reputation and identity—leading to higher effort and lower wages—as long as implementing purpose is costly with respect to direct monetary payoffs. Employees who value prosocial action will select into firms with a social purpose, which then become a visible carrier for these employees' identity and reputation.
The Ainsa quarry outcrop revisited via orientation models built from LIDAR data (2010)

The Ainsa quarry outcrop is located 1.5 km south of Ainsa town, in southern Pyrenees, Spain. The strata in the exposure are Eocene, and deposited in a submarine slope setting undergoing synchronous thrusting and related folding. They have tectonic dips of about 22º to the WSW. The succession comprises a 20 m thick turbidite sandstone body (Figure 1) sandwiched between mudstone-dominated mass-transport deposits, together representing the Ainsa-1 turbidite channel-complex. The outcrop has been the subject of numerous studies that have contributed to the global understanding of turbidite systems (Mutti and Normark, 1987; Schuppers, 1995; Clark and Pickering 1996). This succession is also important in that it has been regarded as an analogue for reservoirs in the offshore West Africa. The outcrop section is about 400 m long, and its map view shows as a very open angle, limiting the validity of 3-D reconstructions away from the outcrop face to mere extrusion. However, the quarry face is clean and allows for the observation of multiple bedding surfaces, specially the sharp soles of turbidite sandstones on top of mudstone beds (Figure 1). These surfaces were studied from their LIDAR point cloud expression. The results, a local 3-D reconstruction, will be used to revisit an existing depositional and architectural interpretation of the outcrop (Arbués et al. 2008) that had been built on the basis of conventional outcrop characterization techniques.<br>
Cyclization of<i>N</i>(Tetra-<i>O</i>-acetyl-<scp>d</scp>-gluco- and<scp>d</scp>-Mannopyranosyl)-Pyridinium Salts in a Methanolic Solution of Sodium Methylate (1998)

Abstract N-(2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-α-d-gluco-, β-d-gluco- and β-d-mannopyranosyl)-pyridinium salts were obtained and their structures were determined by 2D 1H NMR spectroscopy. The compounds obtained were treated with a methanolic solution of sodium methylate. The β-anomer of the d-gluco derivative cyclizes via Brigl's anhydride but the α anomer is competitively transformed according to the SN2 and SN1 mechanisms. The β-d-manno derivative does not cyclize under the conditions used. Comparison of the qualitative and quantitative results of the reaction studied enabled estimation of the influence of configuration at C-1 and C-2 on the course of cyclization. All product mixtures were separated by capillary gas chromatography (CGC) as exhaustively O-acetylated derivatives and their components were identified by coinjection with authentic materials.
Role for calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in coupling muscle activity to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene expression in rat (1998)

Neurally evoked muscle electrical activity suppresses nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) gene expression in extrajunctional domains of adult muscle fibers. It has been proposed that this regulation is mediated by calcium influx through voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels but bypasses the sarcoplasmic reticulum in chick and mouse C2C12 cells. Here we report that in rat muscle calcium influx through L-type calcium channels preferentially reduced nAChR epsilon-subunit RNA via a post-transcriptional mechanism. In contrast, calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) suppressed nAChR subunit RNA levels as a result of decreasing nAChR subunit promoter activity. Finally, we show that this decreased promoter activity is mediated through the same DNA sequences that control activity-dependent gene expression. Therefore, we propose that in rat muscle, calcium release from the SR participates in coupling muscle depolarization to nAChR gene expression.