gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural and Functional Analysis of the Promoter Region of the Gene Encoding Mouse Steroid 11β-Hydroxylase (1989)

The mouse gene encoding adrenal steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase (11 beta-OHase) has been cloned and the nucleotide sequence of its 5' end has been determined. The coding regions sequenced are homologous (75%) to the sequence of bovine 11 beta-OHase cDNA. The 5'-flanking region of the 11 beta-OHase gene contains a potential cAMP response element (TGACGTGA) located 56 base pairs upstream of the transcription initiation site (position -56) and two motifs at positions -249 and -148 which are similar to an element postulated to be required for the expression of 21-hydroxylase. Transfection of mouse Y1 adrenocortical tumor cells and MA-10 testicular Leydig cells with plasmids containing the 11 beta-OHase promoter linked to a growth hormone reporter gene showed that the 11 beta-OHase promoter can direct cell-specific expression. Deletion analyses of the 5'-flanking region suggest that multiple sequence elements, one of which is located between positions -425 and -338 and a second between positions -338 and -123, interact to produce full levels of promoter activity. Mutant Y1 cells defective in cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity do not express growth hormone driven by the 11 beta-OHase promoter, indicating that expression of 11 beta-OHase in Y1 cells requires an intact cAMP second messenger system. Moreover, mutation of the putative cAMP response element at position -56 abolishes expression. These experiments thus present a useful system for the investigation of cis-acting elements involved in the transcriptional regulation of 11 beta-OHase.
Selected flavonoids potentiate the toxicity of cisplatin in human lung adenocarcinoma cells: A role for glutathione depletion (2007)

Adjuvant therapies that enhance the anti-tumor effects of cis-diammineplatinum(II) dichloride (cisplatin, CDDP) are actively being pursued. Growing evidence supports the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in the anti-cancer effect of cisplatin. We examined the potential of using selective flavonoids that are effective in depleting tumor cells of glutathione (GSH) to potentiate cisplatin-mediated cytotoxicity in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells. We found that cisplatin (40 microM, 48-h treatment) disrupts the steady-state levels of mitochondrial respiratory complex I, which correlates with elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cytochrome c release. The flavonoids, 2',5'-dihydroxychalcone (2',5'-DHC, 20 microM) and chrysin (20 microM) potentiated the cytotoxicity of cisplatin (20 microM), which could be blocked by supplementation of the media with exogenous GSH (500 microM). Both 2',5'-DHC and chrysin were more effective than the specific inhibitor of GSH synthesis, L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, 20 microM), in inducing GSH depletion and potentiating the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin. These data suggest that the flavonoid-induced potentiation of cisplatin's toxicity is due, in part, to synergetic pro-oxidant effects of cisplatin by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, and the flavonoids by depleting cellular GSH, an important antioxidant defense.
Intravesical Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) for Interstitial Cystitis-A Practical Approach (1998)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Abstracts: Voiding Function and Dysfunction, and Female Urology1 Jun 1998Intravesical Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) for Interstitial Cystitis-A Practical Approach J. Parkin, C. Shea, and G.R. Sant J. ParkinJ. Parkin More articles by this author , C. SheaC. Shea More articles by this author , and G.R. SantG.R. Sant More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)63342-1AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Intravesical Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) for Interstitial Cystitis-A Practical Approach." The Journal of Urology, 159(6), p. 2253 Interstitial Cystitis Clinic, New England Medical Center and Department of Urology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts© 1998 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 159Issue 6June 1998Page: 2253 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1998 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information J. Parkin More articles by this author C. Shea More articles by this author G.R. Sant More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Adaptive blind equalization of time-varying channels (2002)

In mobile communications, often time-varying multipath is too rapid for a conventional adaptive algorithm to track. This motivates expansion of the time varying channel impulse response over a basis. Rather than estimating the time-invariant coefficients of this basis expansion, it is possible to equalize the channel output directly even when the input is not known. This requires multichannel data as well as a minimal persistence of the excitation condition on the input and a coprimeness condition on the multiple channels obtained via fractional sampling and/or multiple antennas. Since the coefficients of the basis expansion will not be constant due to noise and unmodelled dynamics, the equalizer coefficients may also change slowly with time. Adaptive algorithms to track this change are proposed and basis mismatch problems are also investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New 2,3‐Disubstituted 4‐Chloro‐1‐hydroxyindoles. (2015)

Abstract Title compounds (VII) are prepared by reaction of conjugate nitro ketoester (V) with various thiol and alcohol nucleophiles by the action of stannous chloride dihydrate through the unique processes of reduction of nitro group, intramolecular condensation, and addition of nucleophiles in one pot, to provide multisubstituted 1‐hydroxyindoles.
Minor Physical Anomalies and Neurologic Status in Hyperactive Boys (1974)

The "hyperactivity" syndrome or "minimal brain dysfunction" has received considerable attention from teachers, psychologists and pediatricians over the past decade. The varied symptoms of restlessness, irritability, short attention span, impulsivity, motor incoordination and perceptual-cognitive disability may be prevalent in from 4% to 10% of grade school children. Several etiologic factors for this disorder have been proposed. In 1956 Rogers and Pasamanick found a higher rate of pregnancy complications for cases of behavior disorder compared to controls. Several replications of these findings have supported the postulate of a continuum of reproductive casualty in which disability varies with extent of damage. However, some recent studies of behavior disorders have not found a clear relationship among perinatal difficulties, neurologic signs, cognitive abnormalities and behavior problems. The evidence for genetic transmission of hyperactivity has also been examined; family clustering and sib half-sib studies have supported a genetic model. In addition, parents of hyperactive children have been noted to have a higher incidence of psychiatric disturbances not seen in their adoptive counterparts. The heterogeneity of this population and the variety of the theoretical models for the condition suggest that further clinical subclassification for hyperactive children is needed. In 1960 Daryn, examining 86 children with "diffuse brain damage," noted the frequent occurrence of minor physical anomalies for this group. Waldrop used the presence of minor physical anomalies to predict hyperactive behavior in a nursery school population. Waidrop and co-workers have reported four replications of this study with preschool populations, children with speech and hearing disorders, and an elementary school population. Rosenberg and Weller found that high ratings of minor physical anomalies were associated with school failure for an unselected population of 99 first-grade children.
Calcium/Calmodulin‐Activated Protein Kinase may be Important for Regulating GLUT4 Expression in Response to Exercise Training (2006)

Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression is increased by muscle activity. Muscle contraction causes myocellular calcium concentration to increase. Elevated cytoplasmic calcium causes activation of the calcium/calmodulin‐activated protein kinase (CaMK). In L6 myotubes, CaMK was shown to be responsible for increased GLUT4 expression in response to elevated cytoplasmic calcium. Since calcium and CaMK may be involved in the regulation of GLUT4 in muscle, we have used wild‐type (WT) mice and mice expressing a constitutively‐active CaMK IV (CaMK‐TG) to investigate the role of CaMK in regulation of muscle GLUT4 expression. GLUT4 mRNA was measured in plantaris muscles of WT and CaMK‐TG mice by RT‐PCR. GLUT4 mRNA was 45% higher (p=0.02) in muscle from CAMK‐TG mice than in muscle from WT mice. To investigate the effects of CaMK on GLUT4 expression in response to muscle activity, we measured GLUT4 mRNA in plantaris muscle from WT and CaMK‐TG mice trained in a running wheel for 14 days. Exercise training caused GLUT4 mRNA to increase significantly (53%, p=.005) in WT mice. However, exercise training did not increase the level of GLUT4 mRNA in CaMK‐TG mice. Because CaMK activity is sufficient to cause increased GLUT4 expression and because exercise training does not induce further increases in GLUT4 content, we believe that CaMK may be an important factor causing the typical increase in GLUT4 in response to exercise.
The Nerve Hemoglobin of the Bivalve Mollusc Spisula solidissima (2005)

Members of the hemoglobin (Hb) superfamily are present in nerve tissue of several vertebrate and invertebrate species. In vertebrates they display hexacoordinate heme iron atoms and are typically expressed at low levels (microM). Their function is still a matter of debate. In invertebrates they have a hexa- or pentacoordinate heme iron, are mostly expressed at high levels (mM), and have been suggested to have a myoglobin-like function. The native Hb of the surf clam, Spisula solidissima, composed of 162 amino acids, does not show specific deviations from the globin templates. UV-visible and resonance Raman spectroscopy demonstrate a hexacoordinate heme iron. Based on the sequence analogy, the histidine E7 is proposed as a sixth ligand. Kinetic and equilibrium measurements show a moderate oxygen affinity (P(50) approximately 0.6 torr) and no cooperativity. The histidine binding affinity is 100-fold lower than in neuroglobin. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates a clustering of the S. solidissima nerve Hb with mollusc Hbs and myoglobins, but not with the vertebrate neuroglobins. We conclude that invertebrate nerve Hbs expressed at high levels are, despite the hexacoordinate nature of their heme iron, not essentially different from other intracellular Hbs. They most likely fulfill a myoglobin-like function and enhance oxygen supply to the neurons.
Wearable multi-modal interface for human multi-robot interaction (2016)

A complete prototype for multi-modal interaction between humans and multi-robot systems is described. The application focus is on search and rescue missions. From the human-side, speech and arm and hand gestures are combined to select, localize, and communicate task requests and spatial information to one or more robots in the field. From the robot side, LEDs and vocal messages are used to provide feedback to the human. The robots also employ coordinated autonomy to implement group behaviors for mixed initiative interaction. The system has been tested with different robotic platforms based on a number of different useful interaction patterns.
Refractive index changes in germanium due to intense radiation (1978)

The changes in the real and imaginary parts of the index of refraction of germanium have been measured at 6943 A as a function of incident power up to 5 MW/cm(2). The results indicate that for nanosecond pulses the primary cause of the change is heating with temperature changes of up to 350 degrees C. In addition, a diffraction grating formed on the surface by interference between the intense beam and a probing beam produces an additional effective change in reflectivity as well as a spatially separated diffracted beam. It is shown that, for a grating spacing of 20 mum, transverse diffusion effects cause no degradation in the effectiveness of the grating.
A General Theory of Sample Complexity for Multi-Item Profit Maximization (2017)

The design of profit-maximizing multi-item mechanisms is a notoriously challenging problem with tremendous real-world impact. The mechanism designer's goal is to field a mechanism with high expected profit on the distribution over buyers' values. Unfortunately, if the set of mechanisms he optimizes over is complex, a mechanism may have high empirical profit over a small set of samples but low expected profit. This raises the question, how many samples are sufficient to ensure that the empirically optimal mechanism is nearly optimal in expectation? We uncover structure shared by a myriad of pricing, auction, and lottery mechanisms that allows us to prove strong sample complexity bounds: for any set of buyers' values, profit is a piecewise linear function of the mechanism's parameters. We prove new bounds for mechanism classes not yet studied in the sample-based mechanism design literature and match or improve over the best known guarantees for many classes. The profit functions we study are significantly different from well-understood functions in machine learning, so our analysis requires a sharp understanding of the interplay between mechanism parameters and buyer values. We strengthen our main results with data-dependent bounds when the distribution over buyers' values is well-behaved. Finally, we investigate a fundamental tradeoff in sample-based mechanism design: complex mechanisms often have higher profit than simple mechanisms, but more samples are required to ensure that empirical and expected profit are close. We provide techniques for optimizing this tradeoff.
Past permafrost on the Mid‐Atlantic Coastal Plain, eastern United States (2009)

Abstract Sand‐wedge casts, soil wedges and other non‐diastrophic, post‐depositional sedimentary structures suggest that Late‐Pleistocene permafrost and deep seasonal frost on the Mid‐Atlantic Coastal Plain extended at least as far south as southern Delaware, the Eastern Shore and southern Maryland. Heterogeneous cold‐climate slope deposits mantle lower valley‐side slopes in central Maryland. A widespread pre‐existing fragipan is congruent with the inferred palaeo‐permafrost table. The high bulk density of the fragipan was probably enhanced by either thaw consolidation when icy permafrost degraded at the active layer‐permafrost interface or by liquefaction and compaction when deep seasonal frost thawed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeted delivery of antisense DNA in woodchuck hepatitis virus‐infected woodchucks (1995)

An asialoglycoprotein-based DNA delivery system containing an antisense oligo DNA against the polyadenylation region and adjacent upstream sequences of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) was prepared. Experimental woodchucks were inoculated neonatally with the woodchuck virus 23 weeks before initiating the study, and all animals subsequently developed hepatitis as evidenced by the presence of measurable levels of circulating viral DNA. Animals were injected intravenously (i.v.) with asialoorosomucoid (AsOR)-poly-L-lysine complexes containing 0.1 mg kg-1 antisense DNA for five consecutive days. Levels of surface antigen did not differ substantially between treated and control animals. However, intravenous administration of complexed antisense DNA significantly decreased viraemia, as shown by a five- to 10-fold decrease in circulating viral DNA 25 days post treatment. The decline lasted for at least 2 weeks, after which there was a gradual increase in DNA levels. Antisense DNA alone or a complex containing a random oligo DNA of the same size and linkage failed to have any significant effect on viral DNA levels. We conclude that antisense oligo DNA can be targeted to the liver in vivo, resulting in a substantial and prolonged decrease in viral DNA levels in WHV-infected woodchucks.
Fast Solubilization of Human Lung Elastin by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Elastase <sup>1,</sup> <sup>2</sup> (1987)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa may cause severe lung infections in humans. This bacteria secretes an elastase that might degrade lung elastin. We have studied the solubilization of human lung elastin by P. aeruginosa elastase in an attempt to delineate the pathogenic role of this proteinase in P. aeruginosa lung infections. We also used bovine ligamentum nuchae elastin and human leukocyte elastase for comparative purposes. With an elastin concentration of 5 mg X ml-1 and at physiologic ionic strength, P. aeruginosa elastase is about 50 times more active on human lung elastin than on bovine elastin. In contrast, human leukocyte elastase has similar specific activities on the 2 substrates. In addition, the bacterial enzyme is about 10 times more active on human elastin than the neutrophil elastase but the latter is about 5 times more active on bovine elastin than the former. In order to better quantitate these enzyme-substrate interactions, we have measured initial rates of elastolysis, derived from product versus time curves, as a function of elastin concentration. The substrate-velocity curves, analyzed using an equation similar to the classic Michaelis-Menten one, yielded 2 empirical kinetic parameters: [S50]-1, the apparent elastase-elastin affinity and Vm, the apparent catalytic efficiency of elastase. This analysis shows that human leukocyte elastase exhibits similar [S50]-1 and Vm values for the 2 elastins. The low activity of P. aeruginosa elastase on bovine elastin is due to the combined effects of low S50(-1) and Vm values, which could not be measured separately.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Document centric approach for supporting Incremental Deployment of Pervasive Applications (2008)

This paper explores system issues for enabling incremental deployment of pervasive application - the problem of how to deploy and gradually enhance the functionalities of applications in a pervasive environment. We present a system architecture, FedNet that provides the foundation for incremental d
Lymphocytic traffic and homing into target tissue and the generation of endocrine autoimmunity (1994)

Endocrine autoimmunity is known to be characterized by the presence of specific autoantibodies and from the histopathological point of view by lymphocytic infiltration in the target tissue. The presence of mononuclear cell infiltrates is the pathological hallmark of most endocrine diseases characterized by an autoimmune process directed against antigens expressed on endocrine cells. Infiltrating cells can usually be detected by biopsy or by using other, non-invasive, techniques. However, in endocrine tissue such as the islets of Langerhans and the adrenal glands it is difficult to perform biopsies and diagnosis of the autoimmune process is dependent mainly upon detection of specific autoantibodies. A crucial aspect of endocrine autoimmunity and of all processes of organ specific autoimmunity is why and how lymphocytes migrate from primary lymphoid tissue to their specific targets. This occurs mainly through contact with specific adhesion molecules which enable lymphocytes to adhere to the endothelial vessels in close proximity to the target tissue. In this review we discuss the homing of peripheral mononuclear cells into target endocrine tissues and the mediating role of adhesion molecules.
Über Peptidsynthesen, XI. Synthese von α‐Hydroxy‐isovaleryl‐aminosäuren und ‐peptiden (1962)

Abstract α‐Hydroxy‐isovaleryl‐aminosäuren und ‐peptide werden durch Aminolyse von α‐Hydroxy‐isovaleriansäurecyanmethylester dargestellt.
A signaling pathway, independent of the oxidative burst, that leads to hypersensitive cell death in cultured tobacco cells includes a serine protease (1999)

Summary To examine the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the signal transduction that leads to hypersensitive cell death, we used a previously established system in which a xylanase from Trichoderma viride (TvX) induces an oxidative burst and cell death in a culture of tobacco cells. Diphenylene iodonium and N‐Acetyl‐L‐cysteine known as an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase and a scavenger of superoxides, respectively, and catalase inhibited the oxidative burst but did not inhibit the induction of cell death. We also found that inhibitors of serine proteases inhibited TvX‐induced cell death. These results suggest that there is a signaling pathway in which a serine protease might be responsible for the signal transduction, which is independent of the oxidative burst, that leads to the hypersensitive cell death of tobacco cells.
Diagnostic techniques for ventilator-associated pneumonia: Conflicting results from two trials (2009)

Expanded AbstractCitationA randomized trial of diagnostic techniques for ventilator-associated pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2006, 355:2619–2630 [1].BackgroundCritically ill patients who require mechanical ventilation are at risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Current data are conflicting as to the optimal diagnostic approach in patients who have suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia.MethodsObjectiveTo compare the quantitative culture of bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid and nonquantitative culture of endotracheal aspirate in critically ill patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia, testing the hypothesis that bronchoscopy with quantitative culture would be associated with lower mortality rates and less use of antibiotics.DesignMulti-center non-blinded randomized controlled trial.Setting28 intensive care units (ICUs) across Canada and the United States.Subjects740 immunocompetent critically ill adult patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia after 4 days in the ICU. Patients known to be colonized or infected with Pseudomonas species or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were excluded.InterventionUsing a 2-by-2 factorial design, subjects were randomly assigned to a) undergo bronchoalveolar lavage with quantitative culture of the bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid or endotracheal aspiration with nonquantitative culture of the aspirate, and to b) receive empirical combination antibiotic therapy or monotherapy. Empirical antibiotic therapy was initiated in all patients until culture results were available, at which point a protocol of targeted therapy was used for discontinuing or reducing the dose or number of antibiotics, or for resuming antibiotic therapy to treat a pre-enrollment condition if the culture was negative.OutcomeThe primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included ICU and hospital survival, duration of mechanical ventilation, response to clinical and microbiologic treatment, discontinuation of antibiotics after culture results known, and other measures of antibiotic use.ResultsThere was no significant difference in 28-day mortality rate between the bronchoalveolar-lavage group and the endotracheal-aspiration group (18.9% and 18.4%, respectively; P = 0.94). The bronchoalveolar-lavage group and the endotracheal-aspiration group also had similar rates of targeted therapy (74.2% and 74.6%, respectively; P = 0.90), days alive without antibiotics (10.4 +/- 7.5 and 10.6 +/- 7.9, P = 0.86), and maximum organ-dysfunction scores (mean [+/- SD], 8.3 +/- 3.6 and 8.6 +/- 4.0; P = 0.26). The two groups did not differ significantly in the length of stay in the ICU or hospital.ConclusionTwo diagnostic strategies for ventilator-associated pneumonia – bronchoalveolar lavage with quantitative culture of the bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid and endotracheal aspiration with nonquantitative culture of the aspirate – are associated with similar clinical outcomes and similar overall use of antibiotics.Trial Registration(Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN51767272.)