gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective Synthesis of Quaternary Stereocenters via Chromium Catalysis (2016)

Asymmetric allylation of aldehydes with γ-disubstituted allyl halides has been achieved in the presence of a sulfonamide/oxazoline chromium complex. A variety of synthetically useful α-homoallylic alcohols with two consecutive stereogenic centers, including one quaternary carbon, can be accessed in a highly diastereoselective and enantioselective manner.
N <sup>5</sup> ‐(1‐Carboxyethyl) Ornithine and Related ( <i>n</i> ‐Carboxyalkyl)‐Amino Acids: Structure, Biosynthesis, and Function (1991)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction (N-Carboxyalkyl)-Amino Acids: Definition and Classification (N-Carboxyalkyl)-Amino Acids in Streptococcus lactis N 6-(L-1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)-L-Lysine (Saccharopine) (N-Carboxyalkyl)-Amino Acid Lactams Biosynthesis of N 5-(1-Carboxyethyl)ornithine N 5-(L-1-Carboxyethyl)-L-Ornithine:NADP+ Oxidoreductase (EC 1.5.1.24) (N-Carboxyalkyl)-Amino Acids in Crown Gall (N-Carboxyalkyl)-Amino Acids Marine Invertebrstes Functions and Catabolism of (N-Carboxyalkyl)-Amino Acids (N-Carboxyalkyl)-Amino Acid Synthases (dehydrogenases) Concluding Remarks
Stereo by incremental matching of contours (1990)

Contours made of sequences of adjacent edge points are used as primitives in stereo pair matching. Matching contour segments, rather than the traditional epipolar edge points, can greatly reduce possible ambiguity. This is done by reformulating point-matching constraints to apply to contour matching, and by introducing a unique incremental matching scheme. Best-matched contours are paired first, constraining through neighborhood support their neighboring contours. Examples of the proposed stereo matching scheme are shown, with very few errors, for aerial images of natural terrain.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Competitive Markets for Electricty Generation (1995)

This paper discusses the feasibility of replacing regulation or state ownership with market competition in electric power generation. Interest in competitive electricity markets has been stimulated by recent experiences in the United Kingdom and Brazil with privatization, with deregulation in the United States, and with partial reform in Norway. Whilethe Thatcher government policy offers lessons about the process of privatizing a state monopolyenterprise, the American experiencebecomes relevant to ourunderstanding of howincreasingly competitive markets for electricity actually work. The continuing growth of competition in American electricity markets is an unanticipatedconsequence of the 1978 passage ofthe Public Utility Regulatory Polices Act. Designed as aconservation measure, PURPA established the right of cogenerators and Independent Power Producers (IPPs) to sell electricity to local regulated Investor-Owned Utilities (IOUs). Such rights were broadened substantially by the passage of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 which requires transmission line owners to wheel bulk power (Walters and Smith 1993). Thus, under current federal regulations nonutility power producers can sell electricity to any utility on the grid. Furthermore, in April 1994, the California Public Utility Commission adopted a policy establishing complete open access to all power producers. By 1996 independent generators can compete to sell electricity directly to large industrial customers, effectively bypassing traditional utilities. By 2002, the policy permits all electricity consumers, regardless of size, to purchase electricity
Column Chromatographic Determination of Mirex, Photomirex, and Poly chlorinated Biphenyls in Lake Sediments (1979)

Abstract Mirex (dodecachlorooctahydro -1,3,4 - metheno-2H-cyclobuta[cd]pentalene) and photomirex (8-monohydromirex) are separated from interfering polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in lake sediments. Sediment samples were extracted with acetone-hexane (1+1) in an ultrasonic apparatus and the extracts were cleaned up on conventional Florisil columns. A charcoal-polyurethane column was used to quantitatively separate Mirex and photomirex from PCBs. Recoveries of Mirex, photomirex, and PCBs from the spiked sediments were each &gt;95% at 0.1 to 3 ppb levels.
교사의 기대형성이 아동의 학업성취에 미치는 영향 (1988)

Studies in cognitive aspects of expectancy formation(Rosenthal & Jacobson 1968) demonstrated a significant relevance on research in teacher quality and characteristics. This study was designed to investigate how significantly the pupils performance was affected by the teacher`s expectancy based on his attributional process. Deriving from a review of the relevant problems and literatures, two hypotheses were established for statistical verification. Hypotheses tested were : 1. Expectancy formation by pupils on their performance are varied by attributional processes. 2. There is a significant effect of interaction between the teacher`s expectancy and the pupil`s expectancy. Results revealed : In Hypothesis I, A significant expectancy formation was reported(x²=30.02, P<.0l), when teachers attributed pupil`s performance to stable and internal causes. In the case of pupils, too, a higher exgectancy was formed(x²=4.80, P<.05) when performance was attributed stable and internal causes. An improved performance of significance(x²=3.84, <.05) was reported when performance of the pupils of upper level was attributed to internal causes by teachers, in the case of the pupils of lower level, an improved performance of significant (x²=10.38), P<.0l) was reported when performance was attributed to external causes. In hypothesis II, a significant correlation (r_t=0.46) between teacher`s expectancy and pupil`s performance was reported. Correlation between teacher`s expectancy and pupil`s rank in performance was also reported as significant (r_t=0.46).
Complementary Therapies for Pain Management: An Evidence-Based Approach (2007)

Foreword Preface Contributors Acknowledgments Glossary and abbreviations Patients' language of pain Section 1 Using the book . The book at a glance . Methods . How to use this book . Bibliography of main reference sources Section 2 General topics . Complementary and alternative medicine - an overview . Epidemiology of pain . Pain measurement . Current medical concepts of pain . Psychological concepts of pain . Alternative concepts of pain . Anthroposophical concepts of pain . Ayurvedic concepts of pain . Concepts of pain in healing . Homeopathic concepts of pain . Naturopathic concepts of pain . Osteopathic concepts of pain . Concepts of pain in traditional Chinese medicine Section 3 Therapies . Acupuncture . Alexander technique . Aromatherapy . Autogenic training . Ayurveda . Biofeedback . Chiropractic . Craniosacral therapy . Feldenkrais . Herbalism . Homeopathy . Hydro-/ Balneotherapy . Hypnotherapy . Imagery . Kinesiology . Massage . Meditation . Music therapy . Naturopathy . Neural therapy . Osteopathy . Qigong . Reflexology . Relaxation therapy . Shiatsu . Spiritual healing . Static magnets . Tai chi . Yoga . Table 3.3 Other complementary therapies which have been tested for effectiveness or are used frequently Section 4 Medicines . Arnica (Arnica montana) . Avocado soybean unsaponifiable . Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) . Cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa) . Chilli (Capsicum spp) . Chondroitin . Comfrey (Symphytum officinale) . Devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) . Evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) . Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) . Ginger (Zingiber officinale) . Glucosamine . Green lipped mussel . Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) . Indian frankincense (Boswellia serrata) . Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) . Leeches . Nettle (Urtica dioica) . Peppermint (Mentha x piperita) . Red clover (Trifolium pratense) . SAMe . Shark cartilage . Willow (Salix spp) . Table 4.1 Other complementary medicines which have been tested for effectiveness or are used frequently Section 5 Pain syndromes . Abdominal pain . Angina pectoris . Back pain . Burn pain . Cancer pain . Carpal tunnel syndrome . Complex regional pain syndrome . Dental pain . Depression . Dysmenorrhoea . Fibromyalgia . Headache . Labour pain . Mastalgia . Migraine . Minor trauma . Myofascial pain . Neck pain . Neuropathic/neuralgic pain . Osteoarthritis . Otitis media . Perioperative pain . Peripheral arterial occlusive disease . Procedural pain . Raynaud's disease . Rheumatoid arthritis . Shoulder pain . Tennis elbow . Table 5.33 Examples of other occasionally used treatments for specific conditions lacking sound evidence of effectiveness Section 6 Useful resources for pain management Postscript
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Homologs of Pyridoxal and Pyridoxamine (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Biological Activity of Homologs of Pyridoxal and PyridoxamineMiyoshi Ikawa and Esmond E. SnellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 3, 637–638Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01632a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01632a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Epidermolysis Bullosa: Scientific Advances and Therapeutic Challenges (2001)

Epidermolvsis bullosa (EB) is a heterogeneous group of inherited skin fragility and blistering disorders. Over the last 25 years research in EB has progressed from descriptive morphological studies through quantitative ultrastructural and biochemical analysis to molecular genetic approaches, including linkage analysis, gene cloning and sequencing, and mutation screening. Currently, 10 distinct causative genes are known to underlie different forms of EB, and this knowledge has been translated to improving the clinical management of patients with these disorders. For example, first trimester DNA-based prenatal diagnosis is now available in a number of centres in different countries, including Japan, the USA and the UK, and preimplantation genetic diagnosis is also possible. The development of novel forms of treatment for enhancing wound healing and reducing blistering are the subject of an international research effort. Programmes aimed at developing gene therapy for the major forms of EB have already reached the preclinical testing stages. Despite these impressive scientific advances, EB continues to be a devastating disease, in which the high incidence of aggressive squamous cell carcinoma has a major influence on both morbidity and life expectancy, especially in patients with the severe mutilating form of dystrophic EB.
A multiplier-free fast transform with efficient VLSI implementation for polynomial RNS processors (1991)

The application of polynomial residue number systems (PRNSs) in complex multiplication offers very low complexity within the digital signal processing area. Isomorphic mappings between complex number and PRNS domains suffer from a nontrivial transform problem which eventually precludes the inherent advantages of the PRNS approach. a significant simplification in the mapping procedure is achieved by a FFT-like scheme and a sequence of primitive shift-then-add operations. These operations originate from an algebraic congruence and a residue reduction of a Fermat prime within finite fields. An efficient custom VLSI implementation of the FFT-type multiplier-free system confirms the advantages of the novel mapping algorithm. The prototype VLSI design of a 5 bit multiplier-free FFT-type PRNS processor has been implemented using the Magic IC layout tool. In terms of speed, cost, and simplicity, the innovative approach of this new design outperforms the conventional systems currently in use.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Face Transfer with Generative Adversarial Network (2017)

Face transfer animates the facial performances of the character in the target video by a source actor. Traditional methods are typically based on face modeling. We propose an end-to-end face transfer method based on Generative Adversarial Network. Specifically, we leverage CycleGAN to generate the face image of the target character with the corresponding head pose and facial expression of the source. In order to improve the quality of generated videos, we adopt PatchGAN and explore the effect of different receptive field sizes on generated images.
CGP 4832, a new semisynthetic rifamycin derivative highly active against some gram-negative bacteria. (1987)

CGP 4832 (5) is a new derivative of rifamycin S, showing a very high degree of activity against certain Gram-negative bacteria, with MICs as much as 400 times lower than those of rifampicin. CGP 4832 and rifampicin inhibit DNA-dependent transcription in vitro to a similar extent, which excludes any difference in their effect on the target enzyme. The most plausible explanation for the potent activity of CGP 4832 is that it penetrates into bacterial cells by way of a specific mechanism. This hypothesis is corroborated by the high rate of mutations leading to bacterial strains resistant against CGP 4832.
Verification, validation, and accreditation (1998)

This paper presents guidelines for conducting verification, validation, and accreditation (VV&A) of M&S applications. Fifteen guiding principles are introduced to help the researchers, practitioners and managers better comprehend what VV&A is all about. The VV&A activities are described in two M&S life cycles. Applicability of 77 V&V techniques is shown for the major stages of the two M&S life cycles. A methodology for accreditation of M&S applications is briefly introduced.
The Preparation of Alkyl ψ-Oxatriazoles<sup>1</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Alkyl ψ-Oxatriazoles1J. H. Boyer and F. C. CanterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 5, 1280–1281Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01610a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01610a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Invertible Residual Networks (2019)

We show that standard ResNet architectures can be made invertible, allowing the same model to be used for classification, density estimation, and generation. Typically, enforcing invertibility requires partitioning dimensions or restricting network architectures. In contrast, our approach only requires adding a simple normalization step during training, already available in standard frameworks. Invertible ResNets define a generative model which can be trained by maximum likelihood on unlabeled data. To compute likelihoods, we introduce a tractable approximation to the Jacobian log-determinant of a residual block. Our empirical evaluation shows that invertible ResNets perform competitively with both state-of-the-art image classifiers and flow-based generative models, something that has not been previously achieved with a single architecture.
Linked-OWL : A new approach for dynamic linked data service workflow composition (2013)

The shift from Web of Document into Web of Data based on Linked Data principles defined by Tim Berners-Lee posed a big challenge to build and develop applications to work in Web of Data environment. There are several attempts to build service and application models for Linked Data Cloud. In this paper, we propose a new service model for linked data "Linked-OWL" which is based on RESTful services and OWL-S and copes with linked data principles. This new model shifts the service concept from functions into linked data things and opens the road for Linked Oriented Architecture (LOA) and Web of Services as part and on top of Web of Data. This model also provides high level of dynamic service composition capabilities for more accurate dynamic composition and execution of complex business processes in Web of Data environment.
A minimax robust decoding algorithm (2000)

We study the decoding problem in an uncertain noise environment. If the receiver knows the noise probability density function (PDF) at each time slot or its a priori probability, the standard Viterbi (1967) algorithm (VA) or the a posteriori probability (APP) algorithm can achieve optimal performance. However, if the actual noise distribution differs from the noise model used to design the receiver, there can be significant performance degradation due to the model mismatch. The minimax concept is used to minimize the worst possible error performance over a family of possible channel noise PDFs. We show that the optimal robust scheme is difficult to derive; therefore, alternative, practically feasible, robust decoding schemes are presented and implemented on a VA decoder and two-way APP decoder. The performance analysis and numerical results show our robust decoders have a performance advantage over standard decoders in uncertain noise channels, with no or little computational overhead. Our robust decoding approach can also explain why for turbo decoding overestimating the noise variance gives better results than underestimating it.
DO MORPHOGENETIC TISSUE REARRANGEMENTS REQUIRE ACTIVE CELL MOVEMENTS? (1972)

Previous studies have indicated that cell sorting and tissue spreading are caused by cell combination-specific differences in intercellular adhesive energies, acting in a system of motile cells. We wished to determine whether these adhesive energies could drive cell rearrangements as well as guide them. Accordingly, aggregates of intermixed embryonic cells were cultured in solutions of the drug cytochalasin B (CCB) at a concentration shown to inhibit the locomotion of cells on a solid surface. In addition, spherical aggregates of several kinds were cultured in mutual contact under similar conditions. Both cell sorting and tissue spreading were found to be inhibited. The prompt release of this inhibition upon removal of the CCB showed that the inhibited cells were not merely injured. Moreover, aggregation experiments showed that CCB did not prevent cells of several kinds from initiating mutual adhesions. In fact, heart cell aggregation was enhanced by CCB. We conclude that interfacial forces, originating outside the cell, act together with forces originating inside it in bringing about the morphogenetic movements of cell sorting and tissue spreading. We propose the term "cooperative cell locomotion" to describe translational movements of cells arising from such a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic forces.
Seed Germination in Stevia rebaudiana (1999)

Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, Asteraceae) is a non-caloric natural-source alternative to artificially produced sugar substitutes. The sweet compounds pass through the digestive process without chemically breaking down, making stevia safe for those who need to control their blood sugar level (Strauss 1995). There have been no reports to date of adverse effects from the use of stevia products by humans (Brandle and Rosa 1992). Shock (1982) reported that stevia contains eight glucoside compounds, each featuring a three-carbon-ring central structure. Stevioside is the most abundant glucoside produced. An extract of one or more of these compounds may be up to 300 times sweeter than sugar (Duke 1993). Preliminary trials at Davis, California indicate that stevia could produce a sweetener equivalent to 10 t/ha of sucrose (Shock 1982). The Guarani Indians of Paraguay, where stevia originates, have used it for centuries as a sweetener for maté tea (Brandle and Rosa 1992). Since the 1970s, stevia extracts have been widely used in many countries as a sugar substitute. In Japan, for instance, stevia extracts account for about 5.6 % of the sweetener market (Strauss 1995). Stevia usage in the United States is limited at this time because the Food and Drug Administration does not allow its use as a sweetener in manufactured and processed food products. In 1991, the FDA banned stevia, claiming it was an “unsafe food additive. ” The FDA now allows the sale of stevia, but only as a nutritional supplement (Whitaker 1995).
On the Relationship Between Human Interferon α <sub>1</sub> and β <sub>1</sub> Genes (1985)

The human interferon alpha 1 and beta 1 (IFN-alpha 1 and -beta 1) genes are approximately 56% identical in the nucleotide sequence across the regions coding for the mature proteins. An IFN-alpha 1 cDNA insert containing such sequences can be used to isolate 15 IFN-beta 1 cDNA colonies present in a 2600-strong library in Escherichia coli prepared from polyadenylated RNA extracted from human diploid fibroblasts (FS-4) induced with poly(I).poly(C). Conversely, a clone containing an IFN-alpha 1 cDNA exhibited detectable hybridization with an IFN-beta 1 probe. One of the IFN-beta 1 cDNA clones isolated in these experiments had lost the internal PstI and PvuII sites due to a change at nucleotide 277 from a C to an A. As a consequence, this allele codes for Met-47 instead of Leu-47. Suggestive evidence has been obtained for the presence of this allele in human genomic DNA (IFN-beta 1 Met-47).