gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation of Turbulent Flow around a Rotating Stepped Cylinder for Corrosion Study (2003)

Abstract Direct numerical simulation has been carried out for turbulent flow set up by a rotating cylinder with two backward‐facing steps axisymmetrically mounted in the circumferential direction. This flow geometry creates a qualitatively similar flow pattern as observed near a sudden pipe expansion or a plane backward‐facing step, characterized by flow separation and reattachment. A region of intense turbulence intensity and high wall‐shear‐stress fluctuations is formed in the recirculating region downstream of the step, where high mass‐transfer capacity was also experimentally observed. Since corrosion is frequently mass‐transfer controlled, our findings put forward this apparatus as a useful tool for future corrosion research.
Improved breakdown voltage and RF characteristics in AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors achieved by slant field plates (2014)

We experimentally demonstrate the efficacy of using slant field plates (field plates with the plate-to-channel gap gradually increasing away from the gate edge) on the breakdown voltage. We develop a new fabrication process using a multi-step SiCN film such that both slant and conventional field plates are fabricated simultaneously. Consequently, we fabricate 230-nm-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with several types of field plates. The slant field plate increases the breakdown voltage by 66% more than that of the conventional field plate. The advantages of using slant field plates to increase the breakdown voltage are experimentally confirmed for the first time.
Conservative substitutions at internal sites in sperm whale myoglobin reveal correlations with alpha helix propensity (1993)

Conservative substitutions at internal sites in sperm whale myoglobin reveal correlations with alpha helix propensity Get access Laura Lin, Laura Lin Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Neville R. Kallenbach Neville R. Kallenbach Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Protein Engineering, Design and Selection, Volume 6, Issue Supplement, 1993, Page 18, https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/6.Supplement.18-b Published: 01 January 1993
Novel 4-Oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide Derivatives as New CB<sub>2</sub>Cannabinoid Receptors Agonists:  Synthesis, Pharmacological Properties and Molecular Modeling (2005)

Recent data indicated that the CB(2) cannabinoid receptor constitutes an attractive drug target due to its potential functional role in several physiological and pathological processes. A set of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives, characterized by the presence of some important structural requirements exhibited by other classes of cannabinoid ligands, such as an aliphatic or aromatic carboxamide group in position 3, and an alkyl or benzyl group in position 1, was synthesized and assayed to measure their respective affinity for both human CB(1) and CB(2) cannabinoid receptors. The results indicate that these 3-carboxamido-quinolones derivatives exhibited a CB(2) receptor selectivity, particularly derivatives 28-30, and 32R. Moreover, in the [(35)S]-GTPgammaS binding assay, all the compounds behaved as CB(2) receptor agonists. Molecular modeling studies showed that compound 30 interacts with the CB(2) receptor through a combination of hydrogen bond and aromatic/hydrophobic interactions. In conclusion, 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives constitute a new class of potent and selective CB(2) cannabinoid receptors agonists.
Diffraction and Beam Steering for Surface-Wave Comb Structures on Anisotropic Substrates (1971)

Abstract : It has been shown that agreement can be obtained between experimental and calculated diffraction patterns over a frequency range extending from 107-905 MHz for propagation directions having very high phase-velocity anisotropy. One may therefore conclude that the angular spectrum of straight-crested surface waves offers a valid means of solving surface-wave diffraction problems for homogeneous anisotropic crystals. It has also been demonstrated that beam steering is inherent in the diffraction process itself and that calculations for diffraction losses may be undertaken for delay lines that are oriented either along pure-mode axes or with various types of misorientation, the only major requirement being that the surface-wave phase velocities be known for that particular crystal cut. (Author)
Vesicular–arbuscular endomycorrhizal inoculum production. I. Exploratory experiments with beans (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>) in nutrient flow culture (1984)

A system is described in which typical vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal infections were produced in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown in trays in which the roots were bathed in a shallow layer of recirculating nutrient solution (nutrient film technique, NFT). Infections were compared in solutions containing 1, 3, and 8 mg∙L −1 P, bonemeal, and rock phosphate. The infectivity of the NFT-grown mycorrhizal roots was tested using 1.2, 0.24, and 0.05 g of fresh root inoculum on maize and bean seedlings. The inoculum had good infectivity and even 0.05 g produced 5–10% infection in test seedlings after 6 weeks.
Panoramic Viewing, Visual Acuity of the Deviating Eye, and Anomalous Retinal Correspondence in the Intermittent Exotrope of the Divergence Excess Type (1979)

Monocular visual acuities in a binocular field of view, field of view under binocular conditions, and retinal correspondence were investigated in five intermittent exotropes of the divergence excess type. Results indicated that all five intermittent exotropes demonstrated (1) normal visual acuity in the deviating eye without suppressing the fixating eye, (2) a lateral extension of the temporal field of view (panoramic viewing), (3) anomalous retinal correspondence.
Identification of novel regions of genomic copy number alteration in mantle cell lymphoma by array comparative genomic hybridization to a 97,299 element whole genome DNA array (2004)

1698 Introduction: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that is incurable with current chemotherapeutic approaches and has a median survival of approximately 3 years. MCL is uniquely characterized by a t(11;14) translocation involving the IGH and BCL1 loci, resulting in over expression of Cyclin D1 and deregulated cell cycle control. However this translocation alone can not initiate lymphomagenesis and multiple secondary genomic alterations have been reported. Hypotheses: MCL pathogenesis occurs via multiple genomic alterations and the critical alterations will be present in multiple patients and detectable in MCL cell lines. Objective: Alignment of high resolution genomic profiles from multiple MCL cell lines will reveal minimal regions of alteration important in the pathogenesis of MCL. Experimental Approach: Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is a technique used to determine regional DNA copy number changes across an entire genome. However, conventional CGH’s resolution is limited to 10-20 Mb. A recent advancement in CGH is to improve resolution by changing the target metaphase chromosomal DNA to discrete segments of DNA spotted as a microarray. This results in resolution that is dependent on the size and spacing of the selected segments as opposed to identifying chromosomal bands on metaphase chromosomes. Currently, the whole genome has been arrayed as 32,433 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) derived amplified fragment pools spotted in triplicate (97,299 elements) resulting in an effective resolution of ∼0.08 Mb with complete coverage of the sequenced human genome. Results: This whole genome array was used to generate high resolution segmental copy number profiles of seven MCL cell lines (Granta-519, HBL-2, NCEB-1, Rec-1, SP49, UPN-1, and Z138C). Alignment of these profiles with the human genome map has resulted in the identification of multiple common regions of genomic alteration. These encompass both novel and previously reported regions. Conclusions: The generation of these high resolution segmental copy number profiles allows the identification of candidate genes involved in the pathogenesis of MCL as well as lead to an increased understanding of MCL. Acknowledgements: This work was supported by funds from Genome Canada/British Columbia. We would like to thank Chad Malloff and Spencer Watson for array CGH assistance and Susanne Grohmann for fluorescent in-situ hybridization.
T‐cell co‐stimulation by the CD28 ligand B7 is involved in the immune response leading to rejection of a spontaneously regressive tumor (1996)

Cell variants from experimental tumors may lose their tumorigenicity or give rise to tumors that regress after a short period of progression in immunocompetent syngeneic animals. Rejection of these tumor cells is often T-cell-dependent. It has recently been reported that, besides the specific signal delivered through the clonogenic receptor, T-cell activation requires a co-stimulatory signal, delivered through its CD28 receptor by B7-1 and/or B7-2 molecules expressed at the surface of the antigen-presenting cells. CTLA4Ig, a fusion molecule that specifically inhibits B7-1 and B7-2 binding to their receptor on T cells, was used to investigate the role of B7 in the spontaneous regression of the tumors induced in syngeneic rats by REGb cells, a regressor cell line established from a chemically induced colon carcinoma. When rats received either 1 or 3 CTLA4Ig injections, REGb tumors grew 3 or 7 times larger than in control animals, respectively. However, in most animals, single or repeated CTLA4Ig injections delayed rather than suppressed REGb tumor rejection. Antibodies to CTLA4Ig appeared in treated rats and could explain this transient effect. Neither REGb cells nor freshly isolated MHC class-11+ antigen-presenting cells infiltrating REGb tumors expressed B7, establishing that the target of CTLA4Ig was not located inside the tumor. In contrast, MHC class-II+ B7+ accessory cells were found in the REGb tumor-draining lymph nodes, suggesting that lymphoid tissue, rather than the tumor itself, was the site of tumor-antigen presentation to tumor-specific T cells. These results establish the role of the B7/CD28 co-stimulation pathway in the control of a spontaneously regressive tumor. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Diffusion of gold and mercury self-diffusion in <i>N</i>-type Bridgman-grown Hg1−<i>x</i> Cd<i>x</i>Te (<i>x</i>≂0.2) (1983)

The diffusion behavior of mercury in Hg0.8 Cd0.2Te was investigated using radiotracer techniques. Complex concentration versus distance profiles resulted from both the gold and mercury diffusion anneals. At 225 °C, complementary error function curve fits to the surface and tail components of the mercury diffusion profile yielded diffusion coefficients of ≂8×10−14 and ≂2.5×10−11 cm2s−1 for the surface and tail regions, respectively. Mercury diffusion coefficients were similar for as-grown and mercury preannealed samples. Surface concentrations were unknown for the gold diffusion profiles and accurate diffusion coefficient calculations were not made, but the migration rate of gold appeared faster than mercury in Hg0.8 Cd0.2Te. A mechanism was proposed for depletion of gold in the near-surface region of the HgCdTe for long diffusion times in a mercury ambient, which involved the formation of Au/Hg compounds at the slice surface.
The first discrete structure for the heptaiodide ion. [Erratum to document cited in CA117(4):39137j] (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleThe first discrete structure for the heptaiodide ion. [Erratum to document cited in CA117(4):39137j]Rinaldo Poli, John C. Gordon, Raj K. Khanna, and Phillip E. FanwickCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 24, 5154Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00050a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00050a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views19Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-4-vinylpyridine) Three-Block Polymers. Synthesis, Characterization, Morphology, and Mechanical Properties (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-4-vinylpyridine) Three-Block Polymers. Synthesis, Characterization, Morphology, and Mechanical PropertiesKoichi Arai, Tadao Kotaka, Yukishige Kitano, and Kenji YoshimuraCite this: Macromolecules 1980, 13, 6, 1670–1678Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1980https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60078a056RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views415Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (7 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Giant magnetoresistance in lateral surface superlattices (1994)

We investigate the low-field magnetoresistance ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{\mathit{xx}}$ perpendicular to a one-dimensional periodic potential which is imposed upon a two-dimensional electron gas in GaAs-${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As heterojunctions. Distinct low-field anomalies and a crossover from positive to large negative magnetoresistance with increasing potential strength unveil the important role of anisotropic relaxation processes in strongly modulated electron systems.
Untersuchung der magnetischen Eigenschaften von gesintertem SmCo5 (1977)

Es wird die Temperaturabhängigkeit der magnetischen Eigenschaften von gesinterten SmCo5-Permanentmagneten sowie ausgerichteten Pulverproben aus SmCo5 im Temperaturbereich von 4,2 bis 270 K ermittelt. Während die Sättigungsmagnetisierung und die Anisotropiekonstante einen linearen Temperaturverlauf aufweisen, ist für die Koerzitivfeldstärke und die Remanenz eine Unterteilung in zwei Gebiete unterschiedlicher Temperaturabhängigkeit gegeben. Dies wird mit Hilfe der Modelle der Keimbildung und der Haftung der Domänenwände diskutiert. Bis etwa 120 K bleibt die Remanenz bei gleichzeitiger Abnahme der Sättigungsmagnetisierung konstant. Im Temperaturbereich 120 bis 270 K dominiert der Einfluß der Haftung der Domänenwänd die für die Koerzitivkraft gefundene Größe. Für Temperaturen kleiner als 120 K bleiben infolge des hier kleinen Einflusses thermisch aktivierter Vorgänge die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Domänenwand und Gitterfehler konstant, bei höheren Temperaturen bestimmen diese hingegen den Ummagnetisierungsvorgang. The temperature dependence of the magnetic properties of sintered SmCo5 permanent magnets and of aligned powder samples of SmCo5 is investigated in the temperature range 4.2 to 270 K. For the saturation magnetization and the anisotropy constant a linear temperature dependence is detected, whereas for the coercitivity and the remanence a split in two regions with different temperature dependence is observed. This is discussed by means of the models of the nucleation and the domain wall pinning, respectively. Up to approximately 120 K a constant remanence with a simultaneously decreasing saturation-magnetization is detected. In the temperature region 120 to 270 K the influence of domain-wall pinning is dominant for the values of the coercivity. For temperatures less than 120 K the exchange interaction between domain-wall and lattice defects is constant because of the small influence of thermally activated processes, whereas for higher temperatures the latter will be dominant for the magnetization-reversal.
Incidence of some viruses on <i>Trifolium pratense</i> L. in New Zealand pastures (1966)

Abstract One hundred and fifty‐two collections of red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) plants (25 plants per collection) were made throughout New Zealand. When tested on virus indicator plants 24% of North Island and 80% of South Island collections were free from virus. White clover mosaic virus occurred in 35% of collections, pea mosaic virus in 5%, and an additional 8.5% contained both viruses. Lucerne mosaic virus was not detected.
Mesityllithium (2004)

The use of lithium reagents in organic synthesis is well documented in the literature. [1-3] Amongst the other reagents, mesityllithium has occupied an important place [4-24] because of its non-nucleophilicity, strongly basic nature, clean selective reactivity and easy preparative methods. 2-Bromomesitylene is treated with tert-butyllithium in THF solution, a method that leads to a 1:1 mixture of the reagent and lithium bromide (Scheme 1). [4] [11] [12] For large scale reactions, it may be more convenient to prepare mesityllithium from bromomesitylene and lithium metal. [13-15]
Innentitelbild: Organoiridium Photosensitizers Induce Specific Oxidative Attack on Proteins within Cancer Cells (Angew. Chem. 47/2017) (2017)

Photodynamische Therapien bieten neue Möglichkeiten, um Krebszellen unschädlich zu machen und Resistenzen zu überwinden. In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 15094 berichten P. B. O'Connor, H. Chao, P. J. Sadler et al. über lumineszierende Organoiridiumkomplexe mit langlebigen angeregten Zuständen, die Krebszellen nach Zwei-Photonen-Aktivierung mit rotem Licht selektiv schädigen. Die Komplexe erzeugen Sauerstoff, der wichtige zelluläre Proteine angreift. (Bildgestaltung: Juanjuan Huang)
Antiviral activity and mechanism of action of 2-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)-5-nitrobenzonitrile (MDL-860) (1982)

A nitrobenzene derivative, MDL-860, was found to inhibit plaque formation, cytopathic effect, or both in 11 of 12 picornaviruses at concentrations which did not affect cell growth. The compound did not directly inactivate the virus. MDL-860 inhibited actinomycin D-resistant [3H]uridine uptake in cells infected with coxsackievirus A21 or rhinovirus 1-A, whereas incorporation into uninfected cells was not inhibited. With three picornaviruses (echovirus type 12, poliovirus type 2, and rhinovirus type 1-A) made photosensitive with neutral red, MDL-860 did not appear to cause a significant reduction in their loss of photosensitivity (uncoating) during the first 3 h of infection. MDL-860 appears to inhibit some early event in virus replication, after uncoating, which is required for synthesis of a majority of viral RNA.
Fabrication of one-dimensional GaAs channel-coupled InAs quantum dot memory device by selective-area metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (2005)

Narrow wirelike openings were defined on SiO2-masked GaAs (001) substrates by electron-beam lithography and wet chemical etching methods. A one-dimensional GaAs channel-coupled InAs quantum dot memory device was fabricated in this opened area by the selective-area metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. Drain current measurement by sweeping the gate voltage forward and backward showed clear hysteresis up to 180K due to electrons charging into the quantum dots with a threshold voltage difference (ΔVth) of 165mV at 20K and 29mV at 180K. Comparison of experimental ΔVth values with the theoretically calculated ones showed that around 300 and 50 electrons were responsible for the memory operation at 20 and 180K, respectively. Real time measurements showed that the write/erase states of the memory device were discriminated for more than 5min at 20K and about 100s at 77K.
Transonic swirling nozzle flow (1991)

A numerical model of viscous transonic swirling flow in axisymmetric nozzles is developed. MacCormack's implicit Gauss-Seidel method is applied to the thin-layer Navier-Stokes equations in transformed coordinates. Numerical results are compared with experimental data to validate the method. The effect of swirl and viscosity on nozzle performance are demonstrated by examining wall pressures, Mach contours, and integral parameters.
Inorganic Selenium Retards Progression of Experimental Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer (2004)

High dose dietary supplementation of inorganic selenium inhibits the progression of hormone refractory prostate cancer, which is due at least in part to a decrease in angiogenesis.