gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement of the airway humidification way to the non-mechanical ventilation patients after tracheotomy (2009)

Objective To establish the scientific and effective method of airway humidification to relieve airway mucosa injury and avoide deterioration of lung infection.Methods 24 patients with non-mechanical ventilation after tracheotomy were divided into control and experimental groups.Expriment group patients were increased the humidity of gas inhalation by continuing oxygen atomization for the airway humidification,control group patients were applied the intermittent airway infusion.Results Airway humidification were satisfied after the improvement.Conclusions In the course that evidence-based nursing and idea of modem nursing are being integrated with clinical practice of the airway management,the quality and the work efficiency of the airway management have been better,at the same time patients have been more safe and comfortable by the improved measures of the airway humidification.

Key words: 
Airway humidification; Continuing oxygen atomization; Airway infusion; Evidence-based nursing
Chronic gouty nephropathy treated by long-term hemodialysis and allopurinol. (1979)

A patient with intractable tophaceous gout and advanced renal failure responded favorably to treatment by long-term hemodialysis and administration of allopurinol. Plasma uric acid levels returned to normal, tophi decreased in size, and the frequency of attacks of gout decreased markedly and permitted the patient to return to full-time employment.
Adult Education in the Pitjantjatjara Tribe (1979)

Tribal Pitjantjatjara men and women use adult education services to become teachers, store-workers, health workers, builders, mechanics, welders, managers, bakers, office workers, nurserymen, farmers, drivers, bore mechanics and administrators. Like any other group, the needs of Aboriginal Australians are very wide.
Ink Droplet Position Compensation Based on Extended State Observer (2011)

The parabolic droplet trajectory in inkjet printing causes errors between actual position and expected positioning, deteriorating printing quality in highspeed printing. To improve printing quality and increase printing speed, an accurate firing time estimation method is proposed to compensate the droplet position error. A speed estimator based on the extended state observer is designed to estimate carriage speed on-line, based on which, the exact firing time for droplet position compensation is calculated. Simulation result shows the effectiveness of carriage velocity estimation, and experimental results show that the printing quality is markedly improved.
Computer and Experimental Simulations of the Production of Methane Gas from Municipal Solid Waste (1993)

Prediction of quantity and quality of gas produced after landfilling is not easy because it is strongly dependent on the hydrological and biological parameters. The objective of this study was to develop the LEAGA-I model by combining a hydrological module of unsaturated flow theory with a biological decomposition module in order to predict methane gas production, even carbon dioxide gas production, using a pilot scale lysimeter. For a biological module, especially, three-step procedures, i.e., hydrolysis of refuse, acid formation, and methane formation were applied. As a result of this study, the LEAGA-1 model, developed by combining a hydrological module with a biological module, not only provided more reasonable prediction of gas production during landfill stabilization, but also turned out to be a useful model, as a result of comparison of the simulated values with the observed values of lab-reactor.
Modeling and Performance Evaluation of TSO-Preserving Binary Optimization (2011)

Program optimization on multi-core systems must preserve the program memory consistency. This paper studies TSO-preserving binary optimization. We introduce a novel approach to formally model TSO-preserving binary optimization based on the formal TSO memory model. The major contribution of the modeling is a sound and complete algorithm to verify TSO-preserving binary optimization with O(N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) complexity. We also developed a dynamic binary optimization system to evaluate the performance impact of TSO-preserving optimization. We show in our experiments that, dynamic binary optimization without memory optimizations can improve performance by 8.1%. TSO-preserving optimizations can further improve the performance by 4.8% to a total 12.9%. Without considering the restriction for TSO-preserving optimizations, the dynamic binary optimization can improve the overall performance to 20.4%.
Characterisation and expression of phospholipases B from the opportunistic fungus<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> (2004)

The phospholipase B family (PLB) are enzymes sharing phospholipase (PL), lysophospholipase (LPL) and lysophospholipase-transacylase (LPTA) activities. They have been shown to be important virulence factors in several human fungal pathogens including Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Aspergillus fumigatus, a human opportunistic fungal pathogen leading to a high rate of mortality in immunosuppressed patients is known to possess an extracellular phospholipase B activity. In this paper, we report the molecular characterisation of three PLB genes from A. fumigatus (afplb) using degenerate primers in PCR amplification and data from the A. fumigatus genome project. They are expressed at 37 degrees C, and two of them (afplb1 and afplb3) are induced by lecithin. They encode proteins of 633, 588 and 630 amino acids, respectively, presenting together a T-Coffee score of 81. They also possess the amino acid triad responsible for enzymatic activity in the mammalian cytosolic PLA2 and other fungal PLBs. AfPLB1 and afPLB3 are secreted with a cleaved signal peptide. The complete cDNA sequences were obtained by RACE-PCR for the two secreted afPLBs and probably account for the extracellular phospholipase activity previously reported in the culture media of A. fumigatus.
Principles and Definitions (1996)

Definition. A is a well-mannered state of affairs just in case, for some set of mutually exclusive and jointly exhaustive hypotheses, {P1, …, Pn} and some set of real numbers, {a1, …, an}, A is identical to ($a1 if P1, …, Pn).
Series Connection of IGBTs With Self-Powering Technique and 3-D Topology (2011)

This paper analyzes the effects of parasitic capacitances in the series connection of insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) on their voltage sharing. These parasitics exist naturally due to gate driver interconnects and power circuit physical architecture. Two solutions, which can be combined, are proposed to minimize these effects in order to achieve a better voltage balancing. The first one is based on gate driver self-powering technique. The second one is based on a vertical structure assembly of IGBTs connected in series. The performance offered by these two complementary solutions is investigated and validated on a series connection of three IGBTs in a chopper converter. Both simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of our approaches.
Self-organization of microcircuits in networks of neurons with plastic synapses (2014)

The synaptic connectivity of cortical networks features an overrepresentation of certain wiring motifs compared to simple random-network models. This structure is shaped, in part, by synaptic plasticity that promotes or suppresses connections between neurons depending on their spiking activity. Frequently, theoretical studies focus on how feedforward inputs drive plasticity to create this network structure. We study the complementary scenario of self-organized structure in a recurrent network, with spike timing-dependent plasticity driven by spontaneous dynamics. We develop a self-consistent theory that describes the evolution of network structure by combining fast spiking covariance with a fast-slow theory for synaptic weight dynamics. Through a finite-size expansion of network dynamics, we obtain a low-dimensional set of nonlinear differential equations for the evolution of two-synapse connectivity motifs. With this theory in hand, we explore how the form of the plasticity rule drives the evolution of microcircuits in cortical networks. When potentiation and depression are in approximate balance, synaptic dynamics depend on the frequency of weighted divergent, convergent, and chain motifs. For additive, Hebbian STDP, these motif interactions create instabilities in synaptic dynamics that either promote or suppress the initial network structure. Our work provides a consistent theoretical framework for studying how spiking activity in recurrent networks interacts with synaptic plasticity to determine network structure.
NATURE OF THE DETERMINANT OF TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (1967)

Ninety-one tetracycline-sensitive mutants were isolated from naturally occurring tetracycline-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Only two mutants reverted to the typical wild type. All of the sensitive mutants tested were competent recipients of the tetracycline marker. In 150 crosses between non-reverting mutants, no tetracycline-resistant recombinants were observed. Transduction frequencies obtained with ultraviolet irradiated phage lysates indicated that the tetracycline determinant is an extrachromosomal gene resistant to the low dose of ultraviolet used. The penicillinase determinant may be either on the chromosome or in the cytoplasm, depending on the strain tested.
Hybrid CV-CC operation of capacitive deionization in comparison with constant current and constant voltage (2016)

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a technique used to desalinate saline water by means of electrical potential applied to the electrode along both sides of a spacer channel through which water flows. CDI operates either at constant voltage (CV) or at constant current (CC) operation to desalinate saline water. The purity of the water is the main requirement at the outlet of the cell. The lowest effluent concentration is achieved within a very short time by operating the CDI cell at CV, but after that the effluent concentration continues to increase. On the other hand, in CC, the lowest concentration is achieved later as compared with CV, but once it is achieved it continues to remain constant until the target voltage is reached. In this paper, we combine both CV and CC operation to get the lowest concentration for maximum time during the adsorption process so that more desalinated water is produced. We compare hybrid CV-CC and constant voltage and constant current in terms of effluent concentration, energy consumption per ion removal, water recovery, and water quality by varying operational parameters like cell potential. It was observed that ultrapure water can be produced with hybrid CV-CC operation by systematically varying different process parameters like flow rate and cell potential to get better results.
Numerical investigation of the Different Casing Treatment in a Centrifugal Compressor (2010)

The casing treatments have the potential to extent the operating range of centrifugal compressor. To research performance verify of the high speed centrifugal compressor between the different conditions with the different casing treatments and with untreated smooth wall. The time accurate 3-dimentional numerical simulations are performed in a high speed centrifugal compressor with the different casing treatments. The different tip flow topologies of blades and the variety of the secondary flow vortex are detailed analyses between these two casing treatments configurations. It is concluded that the major reason of the Mechanism of Stall Margin Improvement is restrained the tip leakage vortex.
Modification of pancreatic carcinogenesis in the hamster model. 7. Inhibitory effect of bethanechol chloride. (1983)

Experiments were designed to investigate in the hamster model the effect on pancreatic carcinogenesis of bethanechol chloride (BC), which is known to increase pancreatic protein synthesis in rats. Hamsters received a single (15 mg/kg body weight) dose of BC either before, simultaneously with, or after a single dose of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP; 20 mg/kg body weight). A second group was treated daily with BC (7.5 mg/kg body weight) for 24 weeks, following BOP. The control groups consisted of animals treated with BOP only, with BC only, and with solvent only. The surviving hamsters were killed 46 weeks after BOP treatment. BC, whether given before, simultaneously with, or after BOP, significantly reduced the incidence of pancreatic ductal/ductular carcinomas. The multiplicity, size, and latency of carcinomas were also affected by BC. A more pronounced inhibition of cancer induction occurred in the group treated daily with BC after BOP. The possible mechanisms involved in the inhibitory action of BC on pancreatic carcinogenesis are discussed.
Dip: A parallel program development environment (1996)

This paper describes an environment whose aim is to aid in the development and tuning of message passing applications before actually running them in a real system with a large number of processors. Our objective is not to eliminate tests on real machines but to be able to focus them in a more selective way and thereby minimize their number. The environment presented in this paper consists of three closely integrated tools: an instrumented communication library, a trace driven simulator (Dimemas) and a visualization/analysis tool (Paraver).
A new model organism among the lower Bilateria and the use of digital microscopy in taxonomy of meiobenthic Platyhelminthes: Macrostomum lignano, n. sp. (Rhabditophora, Macrostomorpha) (2005)

Macrostomum lignano n. sp. is a member of the Macrostomorpha, the basal-most subtaxon of the PlatyhelminthesRhabditophora. This new species can be easily cultured in the laboratory and has been already the subject of several developmental/evolutionary studies. The small size, with only about 25 000 cells constituting the major bilaterian organ systems, makes this simultaneous hermaphrodite a possible candidate for a new model organism that is phylogenetically more basal than any of the model organisms currently used in such studies within the Bilateria. M. lignano belongs to the largest genus of the Macrostomorpha. Over 100 marine, fresh water and brackish water species are contained in the genus Macrostomum, some of them with worldwide distribution pattern. Within it, M. lignano is a member of the M. tuba-species group, which we have summarized here. In the species description, we have used a novel approach to document such small soft-bodied meiobenthic organisms: we provide extensive digital micrographical documentation, which are deposited as a CD together with the type material.
Copper-Catalyzed Coupling of Acyl Chlorides with <i>gem</i>-Difluorinated Organozinc Reagents via Acyl Dithiocarbamates (2017)

A cross-coupling of acyl chlorides with gem-difluorinated organozinc reagents affording difluorinated ketones is described. In the reaction, acyl chlorides are first treated with potassium dithiocarbamate to generate S-acyl dithiocarbamates, which couple with organozincs in the presence of a copper(I) catalyst.
Placing Social Policy? Reflections on Canada's New Deal for Cities and Communities. (2007)

This article analyses the New Deal for Cities and Communities pursued by the federal Liberal government between 2004 and 2006. Situating the initiative in broader urban policy debates about the merits of place-based interventions in tackling problems of poverty and exclusion, it is argued that the New Deal represented a novel attempt at "interscalar policy coordination" within Canadian federalism. Three specific policy tools are identified as central to the New Deal framework-municipal revenue transfers; urban development agreements; and community action research. To understand the New Deal's impact, the implementation of these tools is explored in the context of the City of Toronto's concern with distressed neighbourhoods. Finding gaps in the application of the tools to the city's social development priorities, the article identifies limits in the federal government's policy vision and highlights four institutional factors impeding progress: jurisdiction; money; machinery; and time. The arrival in power of the Harper Conservative government, adhering to a traditional view of inter-governmental relations, is likely to reduce federal interest in tackling these obstacles to urban social policy.
Preparation and performance enhancements of wear-resistant, transparent PU/SiO<sub>2</sub> superhydrophobic coating (2016)

The wear resistance and transparency properties of superhydrophobicity are most important issue essential for the application of superhydrophobic materials in industry. In this paper, we successfully prepared good wear resistance PU/SiO 2 (polyurethane/silica) composite superhydrophobic coating with the double-step sol–gel route. The PU and SiO 2 coating occurs crosslinking reaction forming composite superhydrophobic coating. The superhydrophobic coating surface is characterised by environmental scanning electron microscope and other testing methods, the results show that the PU/SiO 2 composite superhydrophobic coating surface has excellent superhydrophobic properties and the Sa value was 332.5 nm. We used the pressure of 5 KPa to verify the wear resistance which the PU/SiO 2 composite superhydrophobic coating surface exhibits good wear resistance, the water contact angle (WCA) still remains 138.7° after the abrasion resistance test. The PU/SiO 2 composite superhydrophobic coating has high transparency in the visible light. The largest WCA of PU/SiO 2 composite superhydrophobic coating could reach 162.1°.
Using finite-state models for log differencing (2018)

Much work has been published on extracting various kinds of models from logs that document the execution of running systems. In many cases, however, for example in the context of evolution, testing, or malware analysis, engineers are interested not only in a single log but in a set of several logs, each of which originated from a different set of runs of the system at hand. Then, the difference between the logs is the main target of interest.
Chronic pneumonia and polyarthritis syndrome in a feedlot calf. (2006)

A feedlot heifer was diagnosed with chronic pneumonia and polyarthritis syndrome (CPPS), which was confirmed on postmortem examination. The syndrome is caused by Mycoplasma bovis; however, available data support the theory that other pathogens play a role in predisposing to this disease. Continued research on CPPS focuses on pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention.
Ice-Ray: A Note on the Generation of Chinese Lattice Designs (1977)

The conventions used to construct traditional Chinese ice-ray lattice designs are investigated. Parametric shape grammars are defined for the recursive generation of these patterns.
A Higher Speed Turnout (2006)

Travel through the diverging route of a turnout can produce high lateral forces and accelerations, particularly in the areas of the switch point and frog. These higher lateral forces and accelerations require slower operating speeds and have adverse effects on ride quality and component life. This study was aimed at finding a low-cost means to reduce lateral forces and accelerations so that safe speeds through turnouts could be increased. Meeting this objective required that the key turnout dimensions of lead length and frog angle be kept fixed so that no track reconfiguration would be needed and the new design could fit within the existing turnout space. The objective was achieved by reducing the switch angle in the conventional American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association (AREMA) turnout, along with lengthening the switch points and reshaping and shortening the curved closure. When applied to a No. 20 turnout (Figure 2), dynamic simulations and field measurements showed that this design would allow diverging speeds to be increased from the current limit of 45 mph to 55 mph without producing peak wheel/rail forces and lateral accelerations, which exceed those produced with traditional turnout geometry.
Questions about Tamoxifen and the Future Use of Antiestrogens (1998)

Tamoxifen is the most widely prescribed anticancer drug in the world. It not only improves overall survival and decreases recurrence from breast cancer, but has beneficial effects on bone density and lipid profiles. Unfortunately, tamoxifen carries disadvantages such as unpleasant side effects and a questionable connection to endometrial carcinoma. However, after intense debate, the general consensus among the medical community is that the benefits of tamoxifen far outweigh the risks. Nonetheless, resistance to tamoxifen has been seen both in the clinic and in the laboratory prompting investigators to look for new antiestrogens in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. We report on three agents: toremifene (Fareston®), ICI 182, 780 (Faslodex®), and raloxifene (Evista®). Unfortunately, clinical studies comparing tamoxifen and toremifene in the treatment of breast cancer have not shown a clear advantage of toremifene over tamoxifen. ICI 182, 780 is a "pure antiestrogen" that carries a low incidence of side effects and may hold promise as an effective agent for patients who have failed tamoxifen therapy or even as primary adjuvant therapy. Raloxifene displays beneficial bone and cardiovascular effects without uterine stimulation. It is being used as an agent to prevent osteoporosis and holds promise as an agent for advanced breast cancer. We hope that these new antiestrogens will revolutionize the way we treat breast cancer.
Leukemias (2008)

For more than 75 years, the American Academy of Pediatrics has been the nation's leading and most trusted child health expert. The all-new full color AAP Textbook continues the tradition by providing a wealth of expert guidance spanning every aspect of current clinical practice and sets a new standard for one-stop pediatric references! Directed by a distinguished editorial team, and featuring contributions from experienced clinicians nationwide, the new AAP Textbook of Pediatric Care is a resource you'll use with complete confidence. Look here for expert guidance spanning every aspect of current clinical practice. Comprehensive scope: Covers screening, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, management, prevention, critical care, practice management, ethical and legal concerns and much more. Practical focus: Directly addresses day-to-day practice concerns for efficient patient problem-solving. Essential clinical guidance: Step-by-step recommendations on what to do, when and how to do it, when to admit, and when to refer. Evidence-based approach: State-of-the-art approach includes the evidence base for recommendations and lists detailed references within each chapter. Topical coverage: Highlights new priorities for 21st century practice: evidence-based medicine, environmental concerns, electronic health records, quality improvement, community-wide health approaches, confidentiality, cultural issues, and psychosocial issues.