gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF THE BIASING EFFECTS OF FRAMING ON BUSINESS DECISIONS* (1986)

ABSTRACT This paper presents results of three studies testing whether decision bias due to framing, found in consumer purchase contexts, also would occur in a business setting. In the first study, business‐student subjects displayed framing‐induced decision bias just as subjects had in an earlier study by Tversky and Kahneman [12]. When the consumer problem was recast into a business decision in the second study, student subjects trained to handle the problem still revealed bias, although to a lesser extent. In the third study, experienced business managers revealed the same pattern of decision bias as the student subjects. Implications of this bias for business decision makers are discussed.
Immunoaffinity Fractionation of Plasma Proteins by Chicken IgY Antibodies (2008)

Separation of complex mixtures having a wide dynamic range of protein concentration, such as plasma or serum, presents a significant challenge for proteomic analysis. Immunoaffinity fractionation is one of the most effective methods used during sample preparation to improve the ability to detect low-abundant proteins (LAP), enhancing biomarker discovery. Avian IgY (Immunoglobulin Yolk) antibodies have unique and advantageous features, which include strong avidity, high specificity, low nonspecific binding, and accumulative production. Polyclonal IgY antibodies covalently coupled to microbeads are particularly effective in specifically removing high-abundant proteins (HAP) from plasma, serum, CSF, urine, and other body fluid or cellular sources. IgY-12 is a composition of IgY microbeads designed for one-step removal of the 12 most abundant proteins in human serum or plasma: albumin, IgG, transferrin, fibrinogen, alpha1-antitrypsin, IgA, IgM, alpha2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, apolipoproteins A-I and A-II, and orosomucoid (alpha1-acid glycoprotein). Removal of the 12 HAPs enables improved resolution and dynamic range for one-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1DGE), two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE), and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS).
STUDIES OF METHODS AND PHILOSOPHIES FOR DESIGNING HYBRID LAMINAR FLOW WINGS (2000)

An investigation into methods of controlling attachment line, crossflow and TollmienSchlichting instabilities in order to delay transition and the implications for designing hybrid laminar flow (HLFC) wings for civil transport aircraft has been carried out. The control of these instability modes has been investigated in the form of a parametric study for a range of pressure distributions and flow conditions. A control technique commonly used is surface suction in the leading edge region. Results show that with this technique, the structural constraint of requiring the porous surface to be forward of the wing front spar would limit the extent of laminar flow that can be obtained. This constraint may be overcome by the use of surface cooling instead of suction downstream of the front spar for suppressing TS instability in order to achieve a greater extent of laminar flow. For HLFC wing design, it is important to consider the drag rise characteristics and lift capability in addition to viscous drag reduction. Analysis of the aerodynamic performance characteristics of aerofoils with different types of pressure distribution suggests that the same type of upper surface pressure distribution with an adverse ‘rooftop’ gradient may be chosen for an HLFC wing as for a turbulent wing. This type of pressure distribution may be suitable for the inner wing leading to performance benefits in terms of lift increment and skin friction drag reduction.
Iterative (`Turbo') Algorithms on Factor Graphs: Theory and Applications (2005)

Originally developed for decoding turbo codes, normal factor graphs are a natural setting for the description of iterative techniques for detecting coded signals transmitted on a variety of channels. In addition, they provide a unified framework allowing one to understand the connections among seemingly different detection problems. This tutorial describes the application of normal factor graphs to a number of these problems, such as equalization of coded signals, multi-user detection, decoding of multilevel coded modulation, and reception of space--time coded signals.
A superconducting microwave cavity made of bulk MgB<sub>2</sub> (2007)

We report the successful manufacture and characterization of a microwave resonant cylindrical cavity made of bulk MgB2 superconductor (Tc ~ 38.5 K), which has been produced by the reactive liquid Mg\ninfiltration technique. The quality factor of the cavity for the TE011 mode, resonating at 9.79 GHz, has been measured as a function of the temperature. At T = 4.2 K, the unloaded quality factor is 2.2 x 10^5; it remains of the order of 10^5 up to T ~ 30 K. We discuss the potential performance improvements of microwave cavities built from bulk MgB2 materials produced by reactive liquid Mg infiltration.
Complexes and Radicals Produced during Ozonation of Olefins (1972)

Ozonation of certain hindered olefins at —78°C or higher is known to give epoxides or rearrangement products. Some new examples are given. It has been proposed that a pi complex is formed initially during ozonation of olefins and that this either proceeds into 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and ozonolysis products or forms a sigma complex which loses oxygen to give an epoxide. The greater the steric hindrance, the more that epoxide formation is favored. Chemical, NMR, and visible spectral evidence are presented for the formation of complexes between ozone on the one hand and 1-mesityl-1-phenylethylene, 1,2,2-trimesityl-1-methoxyethylene and similar compounds on the other, at —150°C. Ozonation of 1,2,2-trimesitylvinyl alcohol at temperatures ranging from —20° to —150°C gives the corresponding oxy radical. An ozone—olefin complex precursor to this is suggested.
Super-hydrophobic and super-wetting surfaces: Analytical potential? (2004)

Roughening or texturing surfaces provides super-liquid repellent or film forming properties without alteration of the surface chemistry. These surfaces are easy to produce, can amplify wetting properties and can be either “sticky” or “slippy” to liquids. Their use as water-repellent coatings is established, but their potential for use in microfluidics and sensor applications remains largely unfulfilled. This article explains several key ideas and suggests why there may be potential for analytical applications.
EXPERIENCE WITH HIGH-TEMPERATURE CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS IN NUCLEAR REACTORS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO MOLTEN-SALT THERMAL BREEDER REACTORS. (1967)

Design features, development problems, and operating experience have been compiled for liquid-metal and moltensalt circulating pumps used in•various nuclear reactors and test facilities.The compilation was made to search <:mt.t.hP.prnhl~m areas• and to select i;;uit~l;Jle combinations of features for the circulating pumps required by each of the three molten-salt systems in the proposed molten-salt thermal breeder reactor.The pumps are divided into two configurations: the."short-shaft pump" and the "long.shaftpump."The short-shaft pump is favored for the coolant salt system, and• the long-shaft pump is favored for the fuel-and-blanket salt systems..,.., 1 •"" .
Unconventional proteins as aroma precursors. Chemical analysis of the volatile compounds in heated soy, casein, and fish protein model systems (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnconventional proteins as aroma precursors. Chemical analysis of the volatile compounds in heated soy, casein, and fish protein model systemsIngmar H. Qvist and Erik C. F. Von SydowCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1974, 22, 6, 1077–1084Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60196a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60196a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A survey-based study of the mapping of system properties to ISO/IEC 9126 maintainability characteristics (2009)

The ISO/IEC 9126 international standard for software product quality is a widely accepted reference for terminology regarding the multi-faceted concept of software product quality. Based on this standard, the Software Improvement Group has developed a pragmatic approach for measuring technical quality of software products. This quality model introduces another level below the hierarchy defined by ISO/IEC 9126, which consists of system properties such as volume, duplication, unit complexity and others. A mapping between system properties and ISO/IEC 9126 characteristics is defined in a binary fashion: a property either influences a characteristic or not. This mapping embodies consensus among three experts based, in an informal way, on their experience in software quality assessment. We have conducted a survey-based experiment to study the mapping between system properties and quality characteristics. We used the Analytic Hierarchy Process as a formally structured method to elicit the relative importance of system properties and quality characteristics from a group of 22 software quality experts. We analyzed the results of the experiment with two objectives: (i) to validate the original binary mapping and (ii) to refine the mapping using the elicited relative weights.
Ten Legal Dissonances (2011)

The law is extraordinarily good at operationalizing our folk psychology. Law is, indeed, common sense writ large. As we have learned more, however, about human nature and how the brain instantiates that nature, it is becoming equally clear that there are some fissures in this picture, some discrete aspects of our presumed natures, that the law consistently gets terribly wrong. In this essay, I briefly discuss ten common and wide-ranging legal dissonances. Although I will touch on some suggested patches, by and large, this Article is a descriptive, rather than prescriptive, exercise.\nFirst, some apologies about nomenclature. By using the word "dissonance," I do not mean to suggest any analogy to what psychologists call "cognitive dissonance." Cognitive dissonance is a well-described phenomenon in which it appears the brain sometimes tries to reconcile conflicting information by producing self-deluding beliefs. The dissonances discussed in this Article are probably more accurately called "decision errors."' I will stick, however, with "dissonances" because the deeper point is that they are all examples of what Owen Jones has called "time-shifted rationality"-behaviors with which evolution has armed us but that, because of changes in our environment, no longer serve us as well as they once did. For the rationalists out there who believe that reason is God, the law is an exercise in pure reason, and we are largely rational beings whose ordinary common sense will seldom lead us astray, this Article begins with three well-known examples from psychology and probability that show our cognitive powers and common sense are not always what they are cracked up to be.
Using appreciative inquiry in sales team development (2008)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explain the appreciative inquiry change methodology and to demonstrate how it can be applied to a specific work challenge.
Short Term Formation of the Inhibition Layer during Continuous Hot-Dip Galvanizing (2006)

Aluminum is usually added to the zinc bath to form an Fe-Al interfacial layer which retards the formation of a series of Fe-Zn intermetallic compounds during the hot-dip galvanizing process. However, experimentally exploring the inhibition layer formation and obtaining useful experimental data to understand the mechanisms is quite challenging due to short times involved in this process. In this study, a galvanizing simulator was used to perform dipping times as short as O.ls and rapid spot cooling techniques have been applied to stop the reaction between the molten zinc coating and steel substrate as quickly as possible. In addition, the actual reaction time has been precisely calculated through the logged sample time and temperature during the hot-dipping process. The kinetics and formation mechanism of the inhibition layer was characterized using SEM, ICP and EBSD based on the total reaction time. For bath containing 0.2wt% dissolved AI, the results show that FeA13 nucleates and grows during the initial stage of the inhibition layer formation and then Fe2Als forms by a diffusive transformation. The evolution of the interfacial layer formed in a zinc bath with 0.13wt% dissolved AI, including Fe-Aland Fe-Zn intermetallic compounds, was a result of competing reactions. In the initial period, the Fe-Al reaction dominated due to high thermodynamic driving forces. After the zinc concentration reached a critical composition in the substrate grain boundaries, formation of Fe-Zn intermetallic compounds was kinetically favoured. Fe-Zn intermetallic compounds formed due to zinc diffusing to the substrate via short circuit paths and continuously grew by consuming Fe-Al interfacial layer after samples exited the zinc bath due to the limited Al supply. A mathematical model to describe the formation kinetics as a function of temperature for the 0.2wt% Al zinc bath was proposed. It indicated that the development of microstructure of the interfacial layer had significant influence on the effective diffusion coefficient and growth of this layer. However, the model underestimates the AI uptake by the interfacial layer, particularly at higher temperatures. This is thought to be due to the effect of the larger number of triple junctions in the inhibition layer leading to an underestimation of the effective diffusivity.
Cardiovascular effects of mycelium extract of Ganoderma lucidum: Inhibition of sympathetic outflow as a mechanism of its hypotensive action. (1990)

In an effort to understand the mechanism of cardiovascular actions of Ganoderma lucidum which was cultivated in Korea, the mycelium was isolated for a large-scale culture. Water extract of the mycelia was evaluated for its cardiovascular activity in anesthetized rabbits and rats. The left femoral artery and vein were cannulated for the measurement of arterial pressure and subsequent delivery of drugs. The left kidney was exposed retroperitoneally and a branch of the renal nerve was used to integrate renal efferent or afferent nerve activities. The extract decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which was accompanied by an inhibition of renal efferent sympathetic nerve activity. The extract did not decrease heart rate in these animals, although there was clear hypotension in the extract dose dependent manner. This suggests that the hypotension induced by the treatment of the extract was secondary to the primary effect of the extract in the central nerve system, which suppressed the sympathetic outflow. Therefore we concluded that the mechanism of hypotensive action of Ganoderma lucidum was due to its central inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity.
La extracción de oro en el Darién del siglo XVII. Origen y consolidación de un sistema minero de frontera (1637-1641 y 1679-1698) (2022)

Objetivo: este artículo analiza, en términos históricos, el desarrollo de distintas formas de extracción de oro en el Darién del siglo XVII. Particularmente, se estudian las tentativas por parte de los españoles para acceder al oro de este territorio, con un primer intento de explotación minera durante la década de 1640, y luego con el establecimiento de un sistema de extracción de oro aluvial y de vetas subterráneas, basado en trabajo esclavo, a partir de 1679. Metodología: a partir del análisis de documentación de archivo inédita y de algunas obras editadas, se desarrolla un marco cronológico para la explotación aurífera en la región, sobre el cual se hace un primer acercamiento analítico en el ámbito político, económico y social. Originalidad: la minería de oro en el Darién del siglo XVII ha sido estudiada de forma fragmentaria hasta el momento. Para poder comprender su complejidad regional, esta investigación analiza de forma sistemática uno de sus motores económicos a finales del siglo XVII. Conclusiones: la consolidación de la minería durante las dos últimas décadas de la centuria se dio en un contexto de crecimiento de la presión colonial, de resistencia indígena y actividad de piratas y corsarios en las costas caribeñas del istmo. Esta realidad llevó a la configuración de un sistema de extracción de oro marcado por la inestabilidad y la corrupción, y produjo en la región cambios humanos profundos que se acabarían de desarrollar durante el siglo XVIII.
Ouput power smoothening of variable-speed wind turbine systems by pitch angle control (2012)

This paper proposes a new strategy of the output power smoothening for the variable speed wind turbine systems, which is based on the pitch angle control using the fuzzy logic controller. In this method, the turbine power and its reference are used as control input variables for the fuzzy logic controller (FLC), in which the turbine power reference is determined depending on the double exponential smoothening (DES) method. This method is effective to smoothen the generator output power without any need of the power compensation by the energy storage system. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation results for a 2-MW PMSG wind turbine system.
Des mariages féconds ? Comprendre la diversité des modes d'organisation de la création (2013)

L’étude des formes d’organisation des entreprises et institutions de création intrigue en révélant une variété des configurations, qui s’avère en outre évolutive, transversale aux secteurs, et indépendante du caractère public ou privé de l’entreprise. À partir de l’analyse d’organisations dédiées à la création dans différents secteurs, cet article propose d’éclairer la variété des configurations à l’œuvre, d’isoler les paramètres qui la structurent et d’interroger les enjeux qui la sous-tendent. Ce faisant, il permet d’aller au-delà des catégories simplistes mobilisées sur ces secteurs – talents, idées – en recensant la liste des ressources mobilisées dans un processus de création. Il propose une typologie des formes d’organisation, en considérant la rencontre entre un créateur et les ressources qu’il mobilise pour créer.
Oxidation States of Europium in the Alkaline Earth Oxide and Sulfide Phosphors (1955)

Emission and absorption spectra of the alkaline earth sulfides activated with europium and fired in a neutral atmosphere have been re‐investigated. The emission and absorption spectra of the alkaline earth oxides, also activated with Eu, and fired in a neutral or a reducing atmosphere have been obtained. The sulfides show both band emission and band absorption, as does fired in hydrogen. The other hydrogen‐fired oxides have band absorption, except for and give either mixed band and line emission or only line emission. The nitrogen‐fired oxides, except give line emission and little, if any, selective absorption. emits a broad line spectrum for both the nitrogen‐and hydrogen‐fired samples and shows no absorption peaks. Emission and absorption spectra have been correlated with the oxidation state of the activator in the several phosphors, the line emissions being associated with the presence of and the band emissions with .
Modification of Loudness Discomfort Level: Evidence for Adaptive Chronic Auditory Gain and Its Clinical Relevance (2002)

A vexing problem in audiology has been the modification of sound tolerance. Sound intolerance and restricted dynamic ranges are common conditions that audiologists encounter daily in the hearing-impaired population, especially in the fitting of hearing aids. To date, no clinical protocol has proven to be successful for modifying sound tolerance among the hearing- impaired population. This report describes the use of low-level, broadband sound in a habituation-based treatment protocol termed Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT). Over the past decade, TRT has become increasingly popular as an intervention for severe tinnitus and hyperacusis. One of the primary treatment effects from TRT is that over the course of the intervention the patient's loudness discomfort level (LDL) thresholds routinely shift to higher levels. Ostensibly, the resulting higher LDL thresholds reflect treatment effects associated with the resetting of a plastic and adaptive auditory gain process that somehow regulates the supra-threshold sensitivity of the auditory system in response to chronic changes in the sound input from the auditory periphery to the central auditory pathways. Tinnitus patients with significant hearing losses and sound tolerance problems respond successfully to TRT and, as a consequence, their LDL thresholds are usually elevated (improved) and, concomitantly, their dynamic ranges are expanded. Many of these patients, who before the TRT intervention could not tolerate amplified sound, then have been able to make a comfortable transition into appropriate amplification after treatment. In principle, TRT would seem to offer a viable intervention strategy for modifying sound tolerance in the general hearing-impaired population. If so, then the clinical applications of TRT principles may extend well beyond the treatment of tinnitus and hyperacusis.