gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incidence Of The Oxygen Plateau at VO2max During Exercise Testing To Volitional Fatigue (2000)

The purpose of this study was to better clarify the VO<sub>2</sub> response to exercise to VO<sub>2max</sub> by comparing data derived from different time averaging intervals and exercise protocols. Sixteen active subjects (12 men and 4 women, mean age, height, weight, and VO<sub>2max</sub> = 31.6±8.9 yr, 172.0±6.6 cm, 70.8±12.7 kg, 3,212±652 mL/min) completed three different VO<sub>2max</sub> tests on a cycle ergometer (a 25 Watt/min ramp protocol (R), a 75 Watt/3 min step protocol (S), and a 25 Watt/min ramp protocol (H) under hypoxic conditions (FIO2 = 15%, P B = 635 mm Hg) on separate days. During each test, subjects breathed humidified air from a Tissot tank, and breath-by-breath gas exchange was obtained by a Medical Graphics metabolic cart. All breath-by-breath data were smoothed using an 11-breath moving average. These data were then time-averaged into 15, 30, and 60 s sampling intervals. Criteria for attainment of VO <sub>2max</sub> included two of the following: RER ≥ 1.1, maximal heart rate (HR) within 10 b/min of the calculated value, or an O<sub>2</sub> plateau (ΔVO2 ≤ 50 mL/min) with an increase in power output. Average VO<sub>2max</sub> was significantly lower (F (2, 30) = 84.37, p < .001) for the H (2,532±562 mL/min) compared to the S (3,112±660 mL/min) and R (3,212±651 mL/min) protocols. Average maximal RER was significantly different (F (2, 30) = 3.77, p < .05) across protocols, however no differences were exhibited between means. Average HR at VO<sub>2max</sub> was significantly lower (F (2, 30) = 12.26, p < .001) during the H trial (169±13 b/min) compared to the R (176±9 b/min) and S (178±9 b/min) protocols. The incidence at which subjects demonstrated a plateau in VO<sub>2</sub> for all protocols combined were 100, 100, 57 and 8% for the 11 breath, 15 s, 30 s and 1 min averaging, respectively. Data of the change in VO<sub>2</sub> between VO<sub>2max</sub> and the closest neighboring data point revealed that variability was greatest for the longer time averaged data. This response was similar for each protocol. These findings show that shorter sampling intervals (breath-by-breath and 15 s) are most suitable for the detection of the VO<sub>2</sub> plateau during progressive exercise to VO <sub>2max</sub>. In addition, ramp and step protocols produce similar results, and acute normobaric hypoxia does not decrease the incidence of a VO<sub>2</sub> plateau at VO<sub>2max</sub> using 11 breath or 15 s time averaging procedures.
Perinatal characteristics of uncomplicated postdate pregnancies. (1987)

Using a regional perinatal network database of 60,456 births, a study compared 3457 postdate (42 weeks or longer) infants to a control group of 8135 infants born at 40 weeks' gestation from 1982 through 1985. Both patient groups included only uncomplicated pregnancies. Although the differences were small, women who delivered postdate infants had a lower parity, higher weight at delivery, and higher blood pressure during pregnancy than controls. The postdate infants were heavier, more likely to be delivered by forceps or cesarean section, and more likely to experience shoulder dystocia. They also had lower Apgar scores and more meconium aspiration and congenital malformations. Although the overall perinatal mortality was not statistically different, the higher perinatal morbidity in postdate infants suggests that careful attention should be paid to this high-risk problem.
Exploring Hearing Aid Problems: Perspectives of Hearing Aid Owners and Clinicians (2017)

The magnitude and diversity of hearing aid problems identified in this study highlight the ongoing challenges that hearing aid owners face and suggest that current processes for hearing aid fitting can be improved. Problems relating to hearing aid management were most often deemed to have the greatest impact on hearing aid success and be the most preventable/solvable, and thus are a good starting point when addressing hearing aid-related problems.
Interference effects in sequential decay (1973)

In this paper we utilize the Green's function method to study sequential decay processes which involve interference effects. The model system involves a zero-order discrete state coupled to a set of continua, which are themselves coupled together, while the coupling matrix elements are energy independent. Interference effects in parallel and consecutive decay involving two continua result in the retardation of the decay rate of the initial state and in the reversal of the branching ratio for the population of the two continua. Finally, a general solution was provided for the problem of sequential decay involving multiple continua.
Electromagnetic dispersion of a coaxial waveguide with an arbitrary radial dielectric profile (1988)

The electromagnetic dispersion of a coaxial waveguide with an arbitrary radial dielectric profile is obtained by direct numerical integration. Maxwell's equations in cylindrical coordinates are manipulated into two coupled second-order differential equations in the radial coordinate and solved numerically by a 'shooting' method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Single-mode buried channel waveguide by single-step electromigration technique using silver film (1988)

Single-mode buried channel waveguides with circularly symmetric mode field distribution compatible with conventional single-mode fibers at 1.3 μm wavelength were fabricated and characterized for the first time using a novel single-step ion exchange process from silver films. The technique is relatively simple and eliminates the gold electrode deposition used in previously reported fabrication methods.
A Simple, Inexpensive, Versatile Optical Bench for Spectroscopic Research (1972)

We have been using an inexpensive, simple, versatile optical bench and mounts (similar to the ones used in the Optical Institute, University of Rochester) for optical components for the past several years, and as a result of the interest visitors to our laboratory have expressed over this system, we felt that it should be described in some detail in the open literature. The optical benches consisted simply of flat steel plates (although several sizes have been used, convenient sizes are 4 [to 8]ft X 2 [to 4]ft X ½ in. [to 1 in.] thick). Building vibrations are minimal if the plates are supported by rubber stoppers placed under each corner of the plate. We obtained all of our steel plates from government surpluses for a few dollars and then sanded the surfaces to remove rust. All optical components were mounted with inexpensive movable quick release magnetic mounts (for example, type 5–716U magnetic mounts from National Camera, Englewood, Colo.); these mounts cost only a few dollars and have an attracting force of 40 lb in the “on” position (other amounts with a greater attracting force can also be purchased). Over a period of months, no significant creepage of motor-operated components, e.g., mechanical choppers, occurred. Alignment of optical components can be achieved in a matter of a few minutes with the assistance of a low power (¼-mW) He-Ne laser and with height reference markers (several “X”—inscribed glass squares set at equal heights, and small front surface mirrors. If components are to be changed quite often, triangular optical benches, held with magnetic mounts, can be used. Because of the simplicity of moving and aligning components, it is possible to convert from an atomic absorption spectrometer to an atomic fluorescence spectrometer in a matter of minutes as compared to hours or even days if components are held in place with screws, cement, etc. A photograph of one of our atomic fluorescence spectrometers mounted on a steel plate is shown in Fig. 1. We feel plate optical benches with magnetic mounts are ideal for spectroscopic research and as a result have three other systems besides the one in Fig. 1 in use in our laboratory.
Product Multicommodity Flow in Wireless Networks (2008)

We provide a tight approximate characterization of the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> -dimensional product multicommodity flow (PMF) region for a wireless network of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> nodes. Separate characterizations in terms of the spectral properties of appropriate network graphs are obtained in both an information-theoretic sense and for a combinatorial interference model (e.g., protocol model). These provide an inner approximation to the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -dimensional capacity region. Our results hold for general node distributions, traffic models, and channel fading models. We first establish that the random source-destination model assumed in many previous results on capacity scaling laws, is essentially a one-dimensional approximation to the capacity region and a special case of PMF. We then build on the results for a wireline network (graph) that relate PMF to its spectral (or cut) properties. Specifically, for a combinatorial interference model given by a network graph and a conflict graph, we relate the PMF to the spectral properties of the underlying graphs resulting in simple computational upper and lower bounds. These results show that the 1/radic <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> scaling law obtained by Gupta and Kumar for a geometric random network can be explained in terms of the scaling law of the conductance of a geometric random graph. For the more interesting random fading model with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), we show that the scaling laws for PMF can again be tightly characterized by the spectral properties of appropriately defined graphs-such a characterization for general wireless networks has not been available before. As an implication, we obtain computationally efficient upper and lower bounds on the PMF for any wireless network with a guaranteed approximation factor.
Document image binarization via one-pass local classification (2013)

Binarization algorithms are used to create a binary representation of a raster document image, typically with the intent of identifying text and separating it from background content. In this paper, we propose a binarization algorithm via one-pass local classification. The algorithm first generates the initial binarization results by local thresholding, then corrects the results by a one-pass local classification strategy, followed by the process of component inversion. The experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm achieves a somewhat lower binarization error rate than the state-of-the-art algorithm COS [1], while requiring significantly less computation.
Isolation and Identification of Metabolites Produced by Marine Streptomyces sp. S 007 (2011)

Nine metabolites thymine ( 1 ) , pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid ( 2 ) , kalamycin ( 3 ) , 3-indole propionic acid ( 4 ) , indol-3-carboxylic acid ( 5 ) , N-acetyl-tyramine ( 6 ) , 2'-deoxythymidine ( 7 ) , N- β -acetyltryptamine ( 8 ) , and triethyl- amine hydrochloride ( 9 ) were isolated by column and preparative thin layer chromatography from the extract of fermen- ted broth of Streptomycete sp. S007. Their structures were established by NMR and MS data. Among of them , 9 was firstly obtained from Streptomycete ; The brine shrimp bioassay showed the mortality rates of kalamycin to brine shrimp are 86. 5% at a concentration of 40 μ g / mL , indicating kalamycin possessed significant toxicity on brine shrimp.
Square-wave voltammetry for ECE mechanisms (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSquare-wave voltammetry for ECE mechanismsJohn J. O'Dea, K. Wikiel, and Janet. OsteryoungCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 9, 3628–3636Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100372a049https://doi.org/10.1021/j100372a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views282Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Stereoelectronic effects at oxygen. A very large effect on the hydrolysis of a conformationally locked acetal: implications for β-glycosidase mechanisms (1983)

Acetal [6; R = 2,4-(NO2)2C6H3] is rigidly fixed in the equatorial conformation. As a result the lone-pair electrons on the ring oxygen cannot assist C–OR cleavage, and the compound is hydrolysed ca. 1013 times more slowly than a comparable axial tetrahydropyranyl acetal, allowing an estimate of 19 kcal mol–1 for the stereoelectronic barrier to the cleavage of an equatorial tetrahydropyranyl acetal, or β-glucoside, in its ground-state chair conformation. A conformational change, of the sort originally proposed by Phillips and his co-workers for the lysozyme reaction, is thus shown to be an essential preliminary to the cleavage of any β-glycoside.
Two New Ants Of The Genus Ponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) From Taiwan. (1986)

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Dry and F-doped fused silica for photomask substrate in 157-nm lithography (1999)

In this paper, Dry & F doped fused silica (modified fused silica) expected as material of photo-mask substrate in the 157 nm (F<SUB>2</SUB> laser) lithography has been evaluated with respect to the optical properties of transmittance, internal loss, F<SUB>2</SUB> laser durability, index homogeneity and stress birefringence, etc. Obtained internal loss coefficient at 157.6 nm was approximately 0.015/cm (base 10), which was measured by several samples with different thickness. From this coefficient, internal loss was calculated as approximately 3% per 1 cm, 2% per quarter-inch. The uniformity in transmittance inside the sample diameter (120 mm) was nearly less than plus or minus 0.5% per 1 cm, plus or minus 0.3% per quarter-inch. Laser durability test was made by MIT/LL. The samples (3 mm, 20 mm and 40 mm thickness) were exposed to F<SUB>2</SUB> laser light up to 80 - 520 million pulses with energy density of 0.1 to 1.4 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP>/pulse. No significant transmittance change was observed (change was less than 1.0% per quarter-inch at 0.1 to 1.4 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP>/pulse, 520 million pulses). We measured the index homogeneity by using interferometer and the stress birefringence by using phase modulation method. Inside the sample diameter (120 mm), index homogeneity was 150 ppm at 632.8 nm, the distribution configuration of relative refractive index has a central symmetry property. The stress birefringence was less than 5 nm per quarter-inch at 632.8 nm. As the result, we concluded that this new material had enough capability for the mask substrate of 157 nm lithography.
Designing Consumer Products for Ease of Use (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Human Factors Methods The Human–Machine Dialog The Human–Machine Dialog: User Input The Human–Machine Dialog: Visual and Auditory Output
New antitumor antibiotics, FR-900405 and FR-900406. II. Production, isolation, characterization and antitumor activity. (1985)

The new antitumor antibiotics, FR-900405 and FR-900406, were isolated from the culture broth of Actinomadura pulveracea sp. nov. No. 6049. These compounds which contain sulfur in the molecule, represent a novel class of antitumor agents. FR-900405 and FR-900406 are highly active in mice against experimental tumors and exhibit antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi.
On the Products Obtained from γ-Oxygen Substituted Crotonaldehyde in Fermenting Baker's Yeast (1990)

Experiments with a series of γ-oxygen substituted crotonaldehyde derivatives, bearing different substituents in α, β and γ-positions, and designed to determine the structural factors enabling, in fermenting baker's yeast, transformation pathways involving either decarboxylative incorporation of pyruvate (Scheme 2) or stereospecifk water addition-reduction (Scheme 3), indicate that the latter events are possible only with γy-benzoyloxy and γ-benzyloxy crotonaldehyde.
Mapping the receptor site for ergtoxin, a specific blocker of ERG channels (2001)

We show here that ergtoxin (ErgTx) is a bona fide, specific blocker of the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) channels. It does not affect the function of either M-eag or M-elk channels. A chimeric construction containing a segment of the P-region of M-eag channel inserted into the HERG channel drastically diminished or completely abolished the inhibitory effect of ErgTx, whereas chimeras of the P-region of HERG channel into M-eag channels recovered the inhibitory effect. From the P-region point mutants of HERG channel assays, only the mutant N598Q shows about 25% decrement of the ErgTx inhibitory effect. ErgTx recognizes the P-region of HERG channels, blocking the channel function with a K(d) in the order of 12 nM.
Segregation analysis in nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly (1998)

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a developmental defect due to a failure of cleavage of the forebrain. The brain malformations are usually associated with facial anomalies. From a series of 258 HPE records involving at least one affected child, 97 cases in 79 families with nonsyndromic and nonchromosomal HPE were selected.The male:female ratio was 0.87. A high degree of familial aggregation was observed in 23/79 families (29%). A segregation analysis performed in the 79 nuclear families led to the conclusion that the transmission of nonsyndromic HPE is compatible with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Under this hypothesis, the penetrance was estimated as 82% for major types (alobar, semilobar, lobar) and 88% when major and minor types (atypical) were included. The proportion of sporadic cases was estimated to be 68%. This genetic model allows a prediction of the recurrence risk after an isolated case of 13% for major types and 14% when minor types are included. Am. J. Med. Genet. 77:139–143, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
On determination of the location of the Earth's magnetosphere boundary and collisionless shock wave (1965)

Interpretation of the data received from artificial earth satellites on the particle density and magnetic field intensity in the region of 8–20 earth radii toward the sun has been the subject of some discussion. It is generally conceded that there are two relatively permanent bondaries in this region: the earth's magnetosphere and the collisionless shock wave (see Figure 1 ). Satellite results on the location of these surfaces are in general agreement with a continuum theory which assumes a ratio of specific heats γ of 2 (see, e.g., Figures 26 and 28 of Ness et al. [1964]). Although the data scatter about the smooth theoretical curves, the presence, gross nature, and form of the magnetosphere and collisionless shock wave are confirmed.
Intracellular transport and leukemogenicity of spleen focus-forming virus envelope glycoproteins with altered transmembrane domains (1987)

Friend murine spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) encodes a glycoprotein designated gp52, which is responsible for the leukemogenic properties of the virus. gp52 lacks a cytoplasmic domain and is defective in its transport to the cell surface. We constructed a chimeric envelope gene which codes for a molecule with an external domain derived from the SFFV envelope gene and membrane-spanning and cytoplasmic domains derived from the Friend murine leukemia virus envelope gene. Like gp52, the chimeric protein was defective in its transport to the cell surface, indicating that the absence of a cytoplasmic tail is not responsible for the defective intracellular transport of SFFV gp52. However, unlike wild-type SFFV, the chimeric SFFV genome failed to induce erythroleukemia in adult mice. The results indicate that the altered membrane-spanning domain, lack of a detectable cytoplasmic tail in gp52, or both factors are prerequisites for the erythroleukemia-inducing properties of SFFV but are not responsible for the block in intracellular transport of the glycoprotein.
The new quinolones and their combinations with other agents for therapy of severe infections (1986)

New quinolones are very potent compounds against Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas, and staphylococci. They are particularly interesting because of their oral availability and their pharmacokinetic properties. When combined with other common antibiotics they appear to have mostly indifferent effects in vitro. Clinical results have shown their efficacy when used alone for the treatment of osteomyelitis, complicated urinary tract infections and prostatitis. Nevertheless, in 6% of cases resistant strains were selected (Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, P. aeruginosa and staphylococci). The use of combinations of quinolones with other antibiotics was successful in the treatment of osteomyelitis and severe nosocomial infections including bacteraemia, and seems to prevent emergence of resistant strains.
Okazaki fragments, a constant component of avian myeloblastosis virus core-bound 7 S DNA. (1993)

We have shown that the unusual CsCl-buoyant density and velocity sedimentation properties of the isolated host 7 S DNA species associated with the core fraction of avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) are made mainly by tight association of RNA pieces prevalently joined to the single-stranded portion of this material. It was shown indirectly on sedimentation patterns of [methyl-3H]thymidine and [14C]uridine double-labelled and glyoxylated total AMV DNA, and directly in phosphorylation experiments with T4 polynucleotide kinase performed on the single-stranded portion of AMV DNA that the RNA-DNA link in AMV DNA is of a covalent nature and that the 5'-terminal end of DNA at the RNA-DNA junction is occupied by all four common deoxyribonucleotides. This first evidence of the presence of Okazaki fragments in 7 S AMV DNA clearly indicates that this DNA does not represent a randomly fragmented host DNA included by chance into virions but special fragments of host DNA having the properties of DNA replicative structures with possible consequences for some viral function(s) including those involved in virus-cell interactions.
Electronic nonlinear optical behaviour of a polymer waveguide (1993)

The nonlinear optical properties of polydiacetlylenes (PDA) in the solid state are of interest both from a fundamental and a technological viewpoint. The third order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ (3) for a number of these materials has been measured and the electronic nonresonant χ (3) has been found to be relatively large (> 10-11esu)1 and ultra-fast (<1ps) 2 . One particular PDA, poly [5,7-dodecadiyne- 1,12-diolbis(n-buto- xycarbonylmethylurethane] (P4BCMU) has received much attention due to its solubility and the ability to spin-coat the material into thin film wave- guide form. However recently Hasegawa et al 3 have demonstrated that this polymer may also be thermally evaporated.