gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Algorithm-Assisted Combinatorial Search for New Red Phosphors of High Efficiency at Soft Ultraviolet Excitation (2004)

We developed an evolutionary optimization process involving a genetic algorithm and combinatorial chemistry (combi-chem), which was tailored exclusively for the development of light emitting diode (LED) phosphors with a high luminescent efficiency, when excited by soft ultraviolet irradiation. The ultimate goal of our study was to develop oxide red phosphors, which are suitable for three-band white LEDs. To accomplish this, a computational evolutionary optimization process was adopted to screen a -doped alkali earth borosilicate system. The genetic algorithm is a well-known, very efficient heuristic optimization method and combi-chem is also a powerful tool for use in an actual experimental optimization process. Therefore the combination of a genetic algorithm and combi-chem would enhance the searching efficiency when applied to phosphor screening. Vertical simulations and an actual synthesis were carried out and promising red phosphors for three-band white LED applications were obtained. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Studies on an Intermittent Corticosteroid Dosage Regimen (1963)

CORTISOL and its derivatives are effective and necessary in the management of some patients with certain diseases, but their prolonged use may be associated with undesirable side effects ranging from minor and annoying ones to life-threatening reactions. The incidence of undesirable side effects varies from series to series, but the general consensus is that these effects are related to dosage and duration of therapy. Livingstone and Davies1 have reviewed their experience with steroids in asthma, which parallels in general our own previous experience.Since the therapeutic effects of steroids appeared to us to persist longer than their metabolic effects, it . . .
Conversion of 3T3 fibroblasts into adipose cells: triggering of differentiation by prostaglandin F2alpha and 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine. (1976)

Green and Kehinde [(1974) cell 1, 113-116] have isolated clones of Swiss 3T3 fibriblasts that are able to convert to adipose cells. In this paper we report on two chemicals (prostaglandin F2alpha, 0.1 mug ml, and 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine, 0.5 mM) that are able to rapidly and irreversibly program the fibroblasts to differentiate into adipose cells. Confluent cultures treated with prostaglandin F2alpha and insulin for 3-5 days, followed by insulin alone for 7-48 hr, yield numerous adipocyte colonies compared to control dishes and dishes treated with insulin alone. Cells treated with prostaglandin F2alpha or 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine alone, rinsed, and then exposed to insulin gave similar results, indicating that the continuous presence of the triggering agent is not required to elicit the conversion of the fibroblasts to adipocytes. Agents that raise intracellular levels of 3':5'-cyclic AMP. 1.0 mM; 8-bromo-cyclic AMP,0.5 mM; and prostaglandin E1, 0.1 mug/ml) do not trigger the conversion process, suggesting that cyclic AMP may not be the mediator of differentiation in these cells. 8-Bromo-cyclic AMP, however, does induce thase; 3':5'-nucleotidohydrolase; EC 3.1.4.17) in these cells; the induction appears to be mediated by increases in intracellular cyclic AMP levels. These results indicate that this cell line might offer a system for studying the regulation of a type of cellular differentiation.
Two-Tier Permission-ed and Permission-Less Blockchain for Secure Data Sharing (2018)

The rise of popular cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum has increased the popularity of blockchain technology, the framework these cryptocurrencies are built upon. The security and access control that blockchain technology has provided for cryptocurrencies has peaked the curiosity of other industries, realizing its potential value and future outlook. In this paper, we analyze two types of blockchains, permission-ed and permission-less, and introduce a two-tier blockchain concept utilizing both types for secure data sharing. We provide background on the consensus algorithms used for each blockchain type, Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Authority. Testing on both Mac OS and Ubuntu Linux-based system environments, preliminary results show that by increasing the number of miners in a Proof-of-Work consensus, there is a correlating increase in the total block count in a permission-less blockchain, where the rate of increase is dependent on the system environment. In the Proof-of-Authority permission-ed blockchain, the block count observed little to no change across both environments.
Channel estimation in low SNR environments using chirp signals and joint time-frequency filters (1997)

A novel method to estimate an unknown linear time invariant (LTI) channel in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment is proposed. The method is based on transmitting chirp signals for the transmitter and using linear time-variant filters in the joint time-frequency (TF) domain for the receiver to reduce the noise before estimation.
Evaluation of uva camarona (Macleania rupestris Kunth A.C. Smith) propagation with air layering (2013)

Uva camarona (Macleania rupestris Kunth A.C. Smith) belongs to the Ericaceae family and grows in páramo and subpáramo areas in Colombia, between 2,200 and 3,500 m a.s.l. This plant presents edible berries that serve as a source of food and small income for local communities. The absence of a propagation protocol for this species limits its use. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of asexual propagation of M. rupestris with air layering, using indole-butyric acid (IBA) as a rooting hormone at different concentrations: 0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg L-1. The results showed that an exogenous application of IBA accelerated the rooting process in the layered zone, with a notable emission of first adventitious roots at 60 days from the start of the experiment. The treatments of 500 and 1,000 mg L-1 IBA had the highest number of roots per layer, being two to three times higher than those presented in the control. No significant differences were seen in root length between treat- ments. The treatments of 500 and 1,000 mg L-1 IBA showed a high production for the dry weights of the roots and callus, with a higher weight of callus compared to root weight. Air layering negatively affected the longitudinal growth of the branches, since their average growth rate was 1.49 cm per month, while the growth of intact branches was 2.78 cm per month. The re- sults suggest that the best concentration for rooting was 1.200 mg L-1 IBA because it had the largest number and dry weight of roots in air-layered M. rupestris.
Knee Injury and Knee Osteoarthritis -Development, evaluation and clinical application of patient-relevant questionnaires (1999)

The overall purpose was to evaluate patient-relevant outcomes in patients with knee injury and post-traumatic osteoarthritis of the knee. A self-administered questionnaire, The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) was developed by literature search, consulting an expert panel (including patients referred to physical therapy because of knee-related problems, orthopedic surgeons, and physical therapists both from Sweden and the USA), and a pilot study. Two validation studies were carried out, 21 patients were studied following reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament, and 142 patients were studied following knee arthroscopy. The KOOS proved to be a user-friendly and patient-relevant outcome measure with satisfactory metric properties. The KOOS was found reliable for assessment of groups and monitoring individuals. The KOOS was responsive to ACL reconstruction, physical therapy, and arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. The KOOS is available in two validated versions, for use in Sweden and the USA. The Western Ontario and MacMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) is included in the KOOS. The WOMAC was translated into Swedish in three separate processes. A committee agreed on a mutual version that was tested for reliability and responsiveness in 52 subjects with arthroscopic knee OA undergoing arthroscopy. The metric properties were found satisfactory and comparable to the original version. The KOOS was more responsive than the WOMAC when evaluating subjects 20 years after meniscectomy. It is recommended that the KOOS subscales sport and recreation function and knee-related quality of life be added to the WOMAC when assessing post-traumatic OA. Three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy significant improvement was seen in patient-related outcomes, but substantial disability and handicap was still reported compared to reference groups. Twenty years after meniscectomy symptoms and functional limitations were reported, both in subjects with and without radiographic OA. Meniscectomized women reported worse symptoms and functional limitations than meniscectomized men, and compared to female controls. The relation between pain and radiographic OA was poor, 40 % of subjects with more severe OA did not report more pain than controls did. It is concluded that patient-relevant questionnaires, such as the KOOS, adds information and should be used, and be considered the primary outcome measure, in clinical trials of knee injury and knee OA.
[Secondary structure of nuclear precursors of the informational RNA (pre-mRNA)]. (1979)

The secondary structure of pre-mRNA species from mouse Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells extracted with phenol at the temperatures either 55-65 degrees C or 65-85 degrees C was investigated. A fraction of the double helical regions of pre-mRNA was estimated by two methods: a) by recording of melting curves; b) by measuring fluorescence lifetimes of acridine orange dye adsorbed on the nucleic acid. This fraction was about 64-68%. Further lowering of ionic strength down to 0.024 results in 10-15% decrease in the fraction of double regions. Both lowering of ionic strength and increase of the temperature up to 50-55 degrees C results in despiralisation of pre-mRNA regions which contain more than 70% of AU-nucleotide pairs. Only regions containing mainly GC-nucleotide pairs remain double-stranded under heating to temperatures above 50 degrees C. These facts were established on the basis of studies of acriflavin dye complexes with pre-mRNA.
A limited arthritic model for chronic pain studies in the rat (1992)

Freund's adjuvant induced polyarthritis in rats has been used extensively to study pain processes of long duration. There are limitations of this model for chronic studies of pain/arthritis since the severe systemic changes provoke ethical concerns and also affect behaviour, physiology and biochemistry. Attempts to limit adjuvant-induced arthritis by plantar injection of the inoculum have been made. In this model, however, the process evolved to produce widespread polyarthritis if followed for the 6-plus-weeks necessary for chronic studies. Therefore, although it offers the researcher a reliable limited model of inflammation and nociception at the outset, for longer studies it may have all the disadvantages of the polyarthritic rat. The purpose of the present study was to produce a limited arthritic process in rats, stable over 6 weeks and suitable for behavioural and neurochemical studies of various chronic pain treatment methods. Injection (0.05 ml) of complete adjuvant containing 300 micrograms Mycobacterium butyricum in the tibio-tarsal joint produces a predictable monoarthritis, stable clinically and behaviourly from weeks 2 through 6 post injection. As revealed by clinical observations and X-ray examinations, the arthritis produced was limited anatomically, pronounced, prolonged and stable. A marked increase in sensitivity to paw pressure was seen in the affected limb. Animals gained weight and remained active, indicating little systemic disturbance as opposed to polyarthritic rats. We propose this limited model of arthritis as a suitable alternative to the polyarthritic rat for prolonged studies.
Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein Regulates Tumor-relevant Genes in Breast Cancer Cells (2006)

The effect of endogenous parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) on gene expression in breast cancer cells was studied. We suppressed PTHrP expression in MDA-MB-231 cells by RNA interference and analyzed changes in gene expression by microarray analysis. More than 200 genes showed altered expression in response to a PTHrP-specific small interfering (si) RNA (siPTHrP). Cell cycle-regulating gene CDC2 and genes (CDC25B and Tome-1) that control CDC2 activity showed increased expression in the presence of siPTHrP. CDC2 activity was also found to be higher in siPTHrP-treated cells. Studies with PTHrP peptides 1-34 and 67-86, forskolin, and a PTH1 receptor (PTH1R)-specific siRNA showed that PTHrP regulates CDC2 and CDC25B, at least in part, via PTH1R in a cAMP-independent manner. Other siPTHrP-responsive genes included integrin alpha6 (ITGA6), KISS-1, and PAI-1. When combined, siRNAs against ITGA6, PAI-1, and KISS-1 could mimic the negative effect of siPTHrP on migration, whereas siKISS-1 and siPTHrP similarly reduced the proliferative activity of the cells. Comparative expression analyses with 50 primary breast carcinomas revealed that the RNA level of ITGA6 correlates with that of PTHrP, and higher CDC2 and CDC25B values are found at low PTHrP expression. Our data suggest that PTHrP has a profound effect on gene expression in breast cancer cells and, as a consequence, contributes to the regulation of important cellular activities, such as migration and proliferation.
Generating integration test cases automatically (2010)

In this thesis, I investigate the problem of automatically generating test cases. In particular, I focus on the problem of automatic generation of integration test cases from unit test cases. I start from the observation that software is usually provided with many unit test cases, and that unit test cases carry a lot of information about the unit execution that can be used to generate integration test cases. This paper illustrates the approach that I am investigating and that consists in capturing information in unit test cases with static analysis techniques to automatically merge unit test cases to produce useful integration test cases. The preliminary results reported in this paper provide evidence of the effectiveness of the approach. My current research is developing the approach further and producing additional experimental evidence. I expect to complete the research by defining a set of design for testability rules to produce software that facilitates the automatic generation of integration test cases.
Reversible Covalent Chemistry in Drug Delivery (2005)

The targeting of drugs specifically to their sites of action is an important strategy for increasing drug efficacy. Chemists have come up with many elegant schemes that aim to convert drugs into magic bullets. This review focuses on the chemistry that underlies these schemes, with particular emphasis on two types of cleavable covalent bonds that are frequently used to link drugs to their various carriers: disulfide bonds and hydrazone bonds. These linkages have been used to release drugs under specific conditions; in the case of disulfides, cleavage is triggered by the mildly reducing environment found in intracellular fluids, and in the case of hydrazones, the acidic conditions that prevail in endosomes cause release of the drug. The applications of these chemistries in drug delivery are reviewed.
Correspondence visualization techniques for analyzing and evaluating software measures (1992)

One-dimensional statistical methods of scaling have been employed to present a distinct subjective criterion that is related to a measurable aspect of a software component. However, different aspects being measured and different software components being analyzed usually have some characteristics in common. Selected techniques for graphical representation permit a brief but nevertheless thorough view of complex relations among complicated sets of data. Several methods of visualizing and analyzing multidimensional data sets are presented and discussed. The underlying goals of such techniques are to find unknown structures and dependencies among measures, to represent different data sets in order to improve communication and comparability of distinct analyses, and to decrease visual complexity. For improved understandability of the statistical and related graphical concepts, a small set of design aspects from a real-world example is introduced. The techniques illustrated are applied to the same set of data and compared.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Einleitung (2009)

Unternehmen in der heutigen - maßgeblich durch die Globalisierung geprägten - Welt stehen in einem starken nationalen und internationalen Wettbewerb. Sie müssen in immer größerem Maße ihre Prozesse durch IT-Systeme unterstützen, um ihre Wettbewerbsfähigkeit zu erhalten und zu steigern. Das bietet ihnen jedoch gleichzeitig die Chance, über eine innovative Unterstützung ihrer Prozesse durch IT-Systeme Wettbewerbsvorteile gegenüber ihren Konkurrenten aufzubauen.
Le dilemme de l'être et du néant chez saint Augustin. Des premiers dialogues aux “Confessions” (1969)

1. Preface a La Deuxieme Edition 2. Sigles et Bibliographie 3. Introduction: La semantique augustinienne de l' esse 4. Chapitre Premier. - Participation de sagesse, et participation de simple existence 5. 1. La condition epistemologique de la beata uita (Contra academicos) 6. 2. La verite, nourriture de l'ame (De beata uita) 7. 3. Le retour a la ratio (De ordine) 8. 4. Suis-je immortel? (Soliloques) 9. 5. L'existence inamissible de l'ame (De immortalitate animae) 10. Chapitre II. - L'existence finalisee par l'etre 11. 1. L'auersio de la volonte, cause du mal 12. 2. L'inamissible element de forme, aliquid formae (De libero arbitrio 11, 17, 46) 13. 3. Le vouloir-etre , esse uelle (De libero arbitrio III, 6, 18-8, 23) 14. 4. L'edification dans l'etre et les deux paliers ontologiques de l'ame 15. 5. Creation et conversion 16. Chapitre III. - La chute vers l'impossible neant 17. 1. La neantisation spirituelle et corporelle (ad nihilum uergere, inanescere) 18. 2. La victoire de l'ame et du corps sur le neant (essentia uincit nihilum) 19. 3. Coherence et permanence du theme du minus esse 20. Chapitre IV. - La conversion constitutive d'etre 21. 1. Mediation et meditation 22. 2. Les caracteres du magis esse 23. 3. La metaphysique de la conversion 24. Conclusion
Educación e Televisión: ¿condenadas a entenderse? (1994)

oautor analiza as razons do fracaso actual 
das relacions entre a television e a educacion. 
Propon as condicions para unha necesaria 
convivencia baseadas no establecemento 
dunha television educativa e da alfabetizacion 
audiovisual a incluir na formacion 
do profesorado
VMAV-C: A Deep Attention-based Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for Model-based Control (2018)

Recent breakthroughs in Go play and strategic games have witnessed the great potential of reinforcement learning in intelligently scheduling in uncertain environment, but some bottlenecks are also encountered when we generalize this paradigm to universal complex tasks. Among them, the low efficiency of data utilization in model-free reinforcement algorithms is of great concern. In contrast, the model-based reinforcement learning algorithms can reveal underlying dynamics in learning environments and seldom suffer the data utilization problem. To address the problem, a model-based reinforcement learning algorithm with attention mechanism embedded is proposed as an extension of World Models in this paper. We learn the environment model through Mixture Density Network Recurrent Network(MDN-RNN) for agents to interact, with combinations of variational auto-encoder(VAE) and attention incorporated in state value estimates during the process of learning policy. In this way, agent can learn optimal policies through less interactions with actual environment, and final experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our model in control problem.
Antithrombotic effects of Andrographis paniculata nees in preventing myocardial infarction. (1991)

In 16 dogs the endothelium of the left anterior descending coronary artery was injured mechanically. Then a copper wire was inserted into the lumen as a choke of flow and the vessel was slightly compressed from outside by a constrictor. Eight dogs had been treated beforehand with a preparation of flavone extracted from the root of the Chinese medicinal herb Andrographis paniculata (TFAP). In the control group, saline solution was given, the epicardially recorded ST segment started to elevate within 15 minutes, the platelet aggregation rate and the plasma levels of TXB2 increased rapidly, whereas the level of 6-k-PGF1 alpha remained stable. Platelet cGMP rose continuously; however, platelet cAMP rose only at 60 minutes. Histological findings confirmed the occurrence of arterial thrombus and myocardial necrosis. Contrariwise, in the pretreated group there was no elevation of the ST segment, plasma 6-k-PGF1 alpha and platelet cAMP were increased, the production of TXB2 and aggregation of platelets were inhibited, and no thrombus or myocardial infarction was induced. All data suggest that TFAP might promote the synthesis of PGI2, inhibit the production of TXA2, stimulate the synthesis of cAMP in platelets, impede aggregation of platelets, and thereby prevent the formation of thrombi as well as the development of myocardial infarction.
Which Clinical Anesthesia Outcomes Are Both Common and Important to Avoid? The Perspective of a Panel of Expert Anesthesiologists (1999)

Anesthesia groups may need to determine which clinical anesthesia outcomes to track as part of quality improvement efforts.The goal of this study was to poll a panel of expert anesthesiologists to determine which clinical anesthesia outcomes associated with routine outpatient surgery were judged to occur frequently and to be important to avoid. Outcomes scoring highly in both scales could then be prioritized for measurement and improvement in ambulatory clinical practice. A mailed survey instrument instructed panel members to rate 33 clinical anesthesia outcomes in two scales: how frequently they believe the outcomes occur and which outcomes they expect patients find important to avoid. A feedback process (Delphi process) was used to gain consensus rankings of the outcomes for each scale. Importance and frequency scores were then weighted equally to qualitatively rank order the outcomes. Of the 72 anesthesiologists, 56 (78%) completed the questionnaire. The five items with the highest combined score were (in order): incisional pain, nausea, vomiting, preoperative anxiety, and discomfort from IV insertion. To increase quality of care, reducing the incidence and severity of these outcomes should be prioritized. Implications: Expert anesthesiologists reached a consensus on which low-morbidity clinical outcomes are common and important to the patient. The outcomes identified may be reasonable choices to be monitored as part of ambulatory anesthesia clinical quality improvement efforts. (Anesth Analg 1999;88:1085-91)