gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiological abnormalities in induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes generated from Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients (2019)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked progressive muscle degenerative disease, caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene and resulting in death because of respiratory or cardiac failure. To investigate the cardiac cellular manifestation of DMD, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) from two DMD patients: a male and female manifesting heterozygous carrier. Dystrophin mRNA and protein expression were analysed by qRT-PCR, RNAseq, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. For comprehensive electrophysiological analysis, current and voltage clamp were used to record transmembrane action potentials and ion currents, respectively. Microelectrode array was used to record extracellular electrograms. X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) and dystrophin expression analyses revealed that female iPSCs underwent X chromosome reactivation (XCR) or erosion of X chromosome inactivation, which was maintained in female iPSC-CMs displaying mixed X chromosome expression of wild type (WT) and mutated alleles. Both DMD female and male iPSC-CMs presented low spontaneous firing rate, arrhythmias and prolonged action potential duration. DMD female iPSC-CMs displayed increased beat rate variability (BRV). DMD male iPSC-CMs manifested decreased I<sub>f</sub> density, and DMD female and male iPSC-CMs showed increased I<sub>Ca,L</sub> density. Our findings demonstrate cellular mechanisms underlying electrophysiological abnormalities and cardiac arrhythmias in DMD.
Measurement of the beam asymmetry <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mml:mi></mml:math> for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mi>π</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>η</mml:mi></mml:math> photoproduction on the proton at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>E</mml:mi><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>9</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> GeV (2017)

We report measurements of the photon beam asymmetry $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}$ for the reactions $\stackrel{P\vec}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ and $\stackrel{P\vec}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\ensuremath{\eta}$ from the GlueX experiment using a 9 GeV linearly polarized, tagged photon beam incident on a liquid hydrogen target in Jefferson Lab's Hall D. The asymmetries, measured as a function of the proton momentum transfer, possess greater precision than previous ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ measurements and are the first $\ensuremath{\eta}$ measurements in this energy regime. The results are compared with theoretical predictions based on $t$-channel, quasiparticle exchange and constrain the axial-vector component of the neutral meson production mechanism in these models.
Cross‐Coupling of Organic Halides with Alkenes: The Heck Reaction (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bacteria rapidly colonize and modulate healing of gastric ulcers in rats (1998)

The stomach is generally regarded as an environment that is not conducive to bacterial colonization. In this study, we examined the possibility that this changes significantly when an ulcer has formed and that colonization of ulcers interferes with the normal healing process. Gastric ulcers were induced by serosal application of acetic acid. The relationship between ulcer healing and bacterial colonization was examined. The effects of antibiotics, induction of Lactobacillus colonization, and selective colonization with an antibiotic resistant strain of Escherichia coli on ulcer healing were examined. Within 6-12 h of their induction, gastric ulcers were colonized by a variety of bacteria, with gram-negative bacteria predominating. Suppression of colonization with antibiotics resulted in marked acceleration of healing. Induction of Lactobacillus colonization also accelerated ulcer healing. The beneficial effects of antibiotics were reversed through selective colonization with antibiotic-resistant E. coli. Bacterial colonization occurred irrespective of the method used to induce the ulcer. This study demonstrates that colonization of gastric ulcers in rats occurs rapidly and significantly impairs ulcer healing. This effect appeared to be primarily attributable to gram-negative bacteria.
Synthesis of Lactams by Regioselective Reduction of Cyclic Dicarboximides (1996)

Lactams can be obtained by the monothionation of imides with Lawesson’s reagent followed by the desulfurization of resulted monothioimides with Raney nickel.
IMPACT FRAGMENTATION AND BALLISTICS OF PRESSED ALUMINUM POWDER PROJECTILES (2009)

The penetration and fragmentation characteristics of spheres made of pressed aluminum powder are studied via normal impact on thin steel plates at 0.6 to 1.8 km/s. Ultra‐high speed photography and flash x‐rays are used to monitor the formation and evolution of the debris cloud formed by impact. The mass distribution of debris fragments is measured directly via a soft‐catch experiment. Experimental results are compared to simple analytic theories of brittle fragmentation and spall. This data aids in understanding the mechanical properties and potential energy release of porous reactive materials.
ChemInform Abstract: KONJUGATION IN MAKROCYCLISCHEN BINDUNGSSYST. 18. MITT. BENZO(12)ANNULENE, 5,6,11,12‐TETRADEHYDRO‐TRIBENZO(A,E,I)CYCLODODECEN, 11,12,15,16‐TETRADEHYDRO‐DIBENZO(A,E)CYCLODODECEN UND 5,6,11,12,15,16‐HEXADEHYDRO‐DIBENZO(A,E)CYCLODODECEN (1970)

Abstract Aus 2,2′‐Dijod‐trans‐stilben und o‐Tolylacetylenkupfer wurde das trans‐Stilben (I) (Ausbeute 69%) erhalten.
Elusive <i>Plasmodium</i> Species Complete the Human Malaria Genome Set (2016)

Summary Despite the huge international endeavor to understand the genomic basis of malaria biology, there remains a lack of information about two human-infective species: Plasmodium malariae and P. ovale . The former is prevalent across all malaria endemic regions and able to recrudesce decades after the initial infection. The latter is a dormant stage hypnozoite-forming species, similar to P. vivax . Here we present the newly assembled reference genomes of both species, thereby completing the set of all human-infective Plasmodium species. We show that the P. malariae genome is markedly different to other Plasmodium genomes and relate this to its unique biology. Using additional draft genome assemblies, we confirm that P. ovale consists of two cryptic species that may have diverged millions of years ago. These genome sequences provide a useful resource to study the genetic basis of human-infectivity in Plasmodium species.
Targeted sequencing in the loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) megagenome by exome capture (2011)

Background An essential use of genomics is in the discovery of genes controlling complex, quantitative traits. In forestry, attempts to identify genes that regulate quantitative variation are still limited to a few Association Studies (AS) focused largely on candidate genes [1]. In most studies, few markers have been identified in association with quantitative traits. Recent advances in DNA sequencing create the potential for high-throughput SNP genotyping at low cost, by re-sequencing genomes of interest [2]. For the particular case of conifers, two obstacles remain: (i) the lack of a reference genome to align the DNA sequences and identify SNPs, and (ii) the size and complexity of the genome that hinders the de novo assembly of reads. Whereas whole-genome sequencing of a large number of conifer genotypes is still unfeasible, concentrating the sequencing on gene-rich regions is an alternative to generate markers that are more likely to capture variation associated to complex traits. Here we report our approaches to develop methods of genotyping based on whole-exome capture using in-solution target enrichment (Agilent’s SureSelect) followed by high-throughput sequencing (Illumina’s GAIIx).
Nanometer-Scale Sizing Accuracy of Particle Suspensions on an Unmodified Cell Phone Using Elastic Light Scattering (2012)

We report on the construction of a Fourier plane imaging system attached to a cell phone. By illuminating particle suspensions with a collimated beam from an inexpensive diode laser, angularly resolved scattering patterns are imaged by the phone's camera. Analyzing these patterns with Mie theory results in predictions of size distributions of the particles in suspension. Despite using consumer grade electronics, we extracted size distributions of sphere suspensions with better than 20 nm accuracy in determining the mean size. We also show results from milk, yeast, and blood cells. Performing these measurements on a portable device presents opportunities for field-testing of food quality, process monitoring, and medical diagnosis.
P6.8 EFFECT OF ORGANIC NITRATES ON INTRAVENTRICULAR PRESSURE GRADIENTS IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION (2014)

Introduction. Patients with Heart Failure (HF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) show high mortality, yet not all its causes are fully understood. The aim of this study was to assess the hemodynamic response in HFpEF patients to an acute dose of sublingual nitro-glycerine (SL-NTG) during chronic vasodilator therapy. Methods. Colour M-mode Doppler (CMM) is a non-invasive ultrasound technique used to obtain left ventricular (LV) blood flow velocities during early filling and to calculate intra ventricular pressure gradients (IVPG). CMM recordings of 20 patients (HFpEF) during pre and post SL-NTG were obtained and processed with a specific algorithm to extract an IVPG map and related parameters. Average values from the available files were calculated and a Wilconox test was performed to compare the values during pre and post therapy, assuming a difference of p<0.05 as significant and of p<0.001 as highly significant. Results. The most relevant parameters identified as significantly different for pre and post treatment were reversal (p=0.03) and late (p=0.03) diastolic IVPG, E-wave velocity (p=0.003) and heart rate (HR)(p=0.02). Conclusion. Results are in accordance to the expecting effects for an acute SL-NTG dose: an increase in HR and myocardial contractility (late diastolic IVPG is directly related to atrial contraction) and a decrease in peak E-wave velocity, supporting the possible use of CMM technique as a follow up tool in the research of a more effective therapy for the HFpEF pathology.
Novel V<inf>th</inf> tuning process for HfO<inf>2</inf> CMOS with oxygen-doped TaC<inf>x</inf> (2008)

We have investigated effects of the oxygen doping into TaC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> on the effective work function (Phi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m,eff</sub> ) in TaC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si and TaC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si gate stacks. It has been found for the first time that the threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> ) is tunable within 0.5~0.6V for HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> MOSFETs by adjusting the oxygen content within 0~12 at. % in TaC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> . Furthermore, it has been shown that unknown oxygen content in TaCx gates is a possible origin of scattering among the Phi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m.eff</sub> data reported.
Primary lateral sclerosis: consensus diagnostic criteria (2020)

Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the adult motor system. Characterised by a slowly progressive upper motor neuron syndrome, the diagnosis is clinical, after exclusion of structural, neurodegenerative and metabolic mimics. Differentiation of PLS from upper motor neuron-predominant forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis remains a significant challenge in the early symptomatic phase of both disorders, with ongoing debate as to whether they form a clinical and histopathological continuum. Current diagnostic criteria for PLS may be a barrier to therapeutic development, requiring long delays between symptom onset and formal diagnosis. While new technologies sensitive to both upper and lower motor neuron involvement may ultimately resolve controversies in the diagnosis of PLS, we present updated consensus diagnostic criteria with the aim of reducing diagnostic delay, optimising therapeutic trial design and catalysing the development of disease-modifying therapy.
New route to the preparation of carboxymethylchitosan hydrogels (2003)

Abstract A new method to prepare CM–chitosan hydrogels was introduced with the use of steam. The procedure was simple and economical, with no toxic chemicals involved. The steam‐induced crosslinking of CM–chitosan sodium salt involved the –NH 2 and –COONa groups, forming amide linkages (–CONH–), evidently supported by FTIR spectroscopy and other techniques. The hydrogels instantly imbibed a great deal of water. The degree of swelling (DS) of the hydrogels was found to be up to 36, depending on the harshness of steaming conditions used. Likewise, the coloration of the samples increased from light beige to brown with increasing temperature and duration of steam exposure. The overall efficiency of the steam method for the crosslinking of CM–chitosan sodium salt was quite high. The percentage weight loss was found to be less than 10 to obtain hydrogels with DS values around 20. No weight loss in the dry weight of the fractionated hydrogels was observed when the samples were steamed at 115°C or higher for 15 min or longer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 4016–4020, 2003
Xenon anaesthesia in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial (EudraCT 2012-002316-12) (2014)

Al Tmimi, L.1; Sergeant, P.2; Van de Velde, M.1; Meyns, B.2; Coburn, M.3; Rex, S.1 Author Information
Obstacle avoidance algorithm using gradient based Swarm techniques (2016)

In this paper, a hybrid approach to obstacle avoidance, based on Particle Swarm Optimisation is proposed. This method provides significantly faster convergence, compared to classical approaches using potential fields and gradient descent. The potential functions being used are presented, along with the results, one would obtain by employing gradient descent, for comparison. The results obtained by using hybrid-algorithm, clearly show the significant reduction in number of iterations taken for convergence, in comparison to the exponential time, typically taken by gradient descent. The penultimate section explains the approach taken to adapt the algorithm being proposed, for applications with GPS coordinates. Experimental results for the same are also presented herewith.
Growth requirements of Leishmania tropica and other leishmanias (1955)

Growth requirements of Leishmania tropica and other leishmanias Get access N. Citri, N. Citri The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N. Grossowicz N. Grossowicz The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 49, Issue 6, November 1955, Pages 603–604, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(55)90037-7 Published: 01 November 1955
Perceptions and actions: relationships of views on risk with citation actions of nanotechnology scientists (2011)

This study links survey data on scientists' societal perceptions of nanotechnology with publication data to understand the extent of association between societal perspectives held by nanoscientists and publication actions. Specifically, we explore the relationship between scientists' attitudes in two areas and their actions in citing nanotechnology environmental, health, and safety (EHS) publications. This relationship is examined by linking responses from participants in the University of Wisconsin's Nanotechnology and Society Survey of nanoscientists with publication data from the Georgia Tech global nanotechnology database. The likelihood of citing EHS publications is estimated as a function of the two societal perception variables as well as the scientific field and background characteristics such as PhD completion year, tenure-track position, gender, and religiosity. We find that perceptions about moral limits mediate citation actions whereas attitudes toward government regulation have no significant effect. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.
Intensity Fluctuation Autocorrelation Studies of Resting and Contracting Frog Sartorius Muscle (1973)

The development of the continuous wave laser, self-beating spectroscopy, and photon correlation techniques have made it possible to study the microscopic dynamics of a system by observing the fluctuations in the intensity of coherent light scattered by the system. This technique has already found applications in molecular biology in measuring the diffusion constants of several viruses and various macromolecules. We have developed light-beat techniques and used them in our laboratory to study myosin and its self-association (Herbert and Carlson, 1971) and to study TMV (Cummins et al., 1969). Fujime (1970) and Fujime and Ishiwata (1971) reported its use in the study of F-actin and its interaction with tropomyosin and troponin. In this paper we present the results of some preliminary studies of intensity fluctuation autocorrelations obtained from coherent light scattered from resting and contracting muscle. The experiments reported here provide a survey of intensity fluctuation autocorrelations of muscle. Systematic and...
Administration of capsule-selective endosialidase E minimizes upregulation of organ gene expression induced by experimental systemic infection with Escherichia coli K1 (2010)

Many neurotropic strains of Escherichia coli cause potentially lethal bacteraemia and meningitis in newborn infants by virtue of their capacity to elaborate the protective polysialic acid (polySia) K1 capsule. Recombinant capsule depolymerase, endosialidase E (endoE), selectively removes polySia from the bacterial surface; when administered intraperitoneally to infected neonatal rats, the enzyme interrupts the transit of E. coli K1 from gut to brain via the blood circulation and prevents death from systemic infection. We now show that experimental E. coli K1 infection is accompanied by extensive modulation of host gene expression in the liver, spleen and brain tissues of neonatal rats. Bacterial invasion of the brain resulted in a threefold or greater upregulation of approximately 400 genes, a large number of which were associated with the induction of inflammation and the immune and stress responses: these included genes encoding C-X-C and C-C chemokines, lipocalins, cytokines, apolipoproteins and enzymes involved in the synthesis of low-molecular-mass inflammatory mediators. Administration of a single dose of endoE, 24 h after initiation of systemic infection, markedly reduced, but did not completely abrogate, these changes in gene expression, suggesting that attenuation of E. coli K1 virulence by removal of the polySia capsule may minimize the attendant inflammatory processes that contribute to poor outcome in these severe systemic infections.
Evidence for secondary-variant genetic burden and non-random distribution across biological modules in a recessive ciliopathy (2018)

Abstract The influence of genetic background on driver mutations is well established; however, the mechanisms by which the background interacts with Mendelian loci remains unclear. We performed a systematic secondary-variant burden analysis of two independent Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) cohorts with known recessive biallelic pathogenic mutations in one of 17 BBS genes for each individual. We observed a significant enrichment of trans -acting rare nonsynonymous secondary variants compared to either population controls or to a cohort of individuals with a non-BBS diagnosis and recessive variants in the same gene set. Strikingly, we found a significant over-representation of secondary alleles in chaperonin-encoding genes, a finding corroborated by the observation of epistatic interactions involving this complex in vivo . These data indicate a complex genetic architecture for BBS that informs the biological properties of disease modules and presents a model paradigm for secondary-variant burden analysis in recessive disorders.
The Effects of Social Context on the Food‐Caching Behavior of Florida Scrub‐Jays (<i>Aphelocoma coerulescens</i>) (2007)

Abstract Florida scrub‐jays are cooperative breeders that live in family groups consisting of a breeding pair, often with several non‐breeding helpers. Florida scrub‐jays cache food by scatter‐hoarding items for later consumption. Within family groups, members have the opportunity to observe and pilfer the caches of other members. We observed jays harvesting experimentally provisioned peanuts alone and in the presence of other family members, to determine whether jays modify their food‐handling behavior relative to social context. Non‐breeding helpers were less likely to cache in the presence of the dominant male breeder than when alone and all jays tended to cache out of sight when observed by another jay. These changes in caching behavior are consistent with cache protection strategies employed by other species. However, the adaptive value of such cache protection within a sedentary cooperatively breeding family group on a year‐round territory is unclear.
One Nonlinear PID Control to Improve the Control Performance of a Manipulator Actuated by a Pneumatic Muscle Actuator (2014)

Braided pneumatic muscle actuator shows highly nonlinear properties between displacements and forces, which are caused by nonlinearity of pneumatic system and nonlinearity of its geometric construction. In this paper, a new model based on Bouc-Wen differential equation is proposed to describe the hysteretic behavior caused by its structure. The hysteretic loop between contractile force and displacement is dissolved into linear component and hysteretic component. Relationship between pressure within muscle actuator and parameters of the proposed model is discussed. A single degree of freedom manipulator actuated by PMA is designed. On the basis of the proposed model, a novel cascade position controller is designed. Single neuron adaptive PID algorithm is adopted to cope with the nonlinearity and model uncertainties of the manipulator. The outer loop of the controller is to handle position tracking problem and the inner loop is to control pressure. The controller is applied to the manipulator and experiments are conducted. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.