gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Leaf Anatomical Responses to Light in Five Tropical Moraceae of Different Successional Status (1994)

We characterized the leaf anatomical characteristics and maximum assimilation rates of five neotropical Moraceae of different genera and successional positions. Plants were grown under different light levels and transferred to high light, simulating canopy openings. Total blade thickness increased with irradiance among all species, and thicker blades were developed when plants were switched. However, blade thickness, and the extent to which it was modified, was independent of the species’ successional position and did not predict photosynthetic performance. Palisade thickness was a good predictor of maximum photosynthetic rate, but only on a species-specific basis. Overall, leaf thickening with increasing irradiance was associated more with structural than with photosynthetic changes. The early successionals Cecropia obtusifolia and Ficus insipida exhibited similarly high photosynthetic plasticity and acclimation values, but differed in their leaf anatomical traits. The late successional Poulsenia armata produced the most anatomically plastic leaves, but failed to acclimate either anatomically or photosynthetically when transferred to higher light levels.
Spectroscopic study on resistive switching property of perovskite manganite film with controlled oxygen deficient state (2011)

La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 thin films were prepared on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrates using a radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique under various Ar : O 2 flow rates at a substrate temperature of 450 °C. X-ray diffraction results showed that the growth orientation and crystallinity of film were affected by Ar : O 2 ratio. Using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and near edge x-ray absorption fine structure, the chemical state of La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 film was revealed to have reduced oxygen deficiencies with increasing O 2 flow during deposition. The valence band maximum was also shifted to the Fermi edge, and resistive switching properties were decreased with reduced oxygen vacancies from increased oxygen flow rate.
Positive association between obese postmenopausal women and breast cancer markers (2011)

The link between obesity and premenopausal women breast cancer development has been attributed, in part, to the fact that estrogen, a risk factor for breast cancer, is synthesized in adipose tissue. This prompted us to investigate the relationships between obesity and the presence of breast cancer markers. Hence, the purpose of this study is to pave a way for development of a blood based gene expression test for early detection of breast cancer in obese premenopausal women. We have determined the relative gene expression of adiponectin, P53, parathyroid hormone‐related peptide (PTHrP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumour growth factor‐beta (TGF‐â) in 62 samples of female subjects. The results showed Significantly increased in gene expression levels for P53, PTHrP and IL‐6, and significantly decreased levels of adiponectin were found in obese group, while the levels of TNF‐alpha and TGF‐alpha were unaltered. This data could help in explaining the mechanism behind the association between obesity and breast cancer development in premenopausal women. In conclusion, the strong positive relation of PTHrP, and P53 with Obesity in premenopausal women raises several questions for further experimentation concerning their exact role and physiological significance.
Inverted Browser: A Novel Approach towards Display Symbiosis (2006)

In this paper we introduce the inverted browser, a novel approach to enable mobile users to view content from their personal devices on public displays. The inverted browser is a network service to start and control a browser that is then used to view the content. In contrast to a traditional Web browser, which runs on the client device and pulls content from a server, content is pushed to the inverted browser from a personal data source upon user input. This approach allows a wide variety of personal content to be viewed by facilitating symbiotic relationships between mobile devices and intelligent displays in the environment. Our initial inverted browser prototype is based on a Web services wrapper around a traditional Web browser. Our experiments show that the inverted browser approach is superior to other solutions in terms of user convenience, ease of use, energy consumption, and privacy, but interaction latencies need improvement.
On a coupled system of equations describing pulse propagation in quadratic media (1997)

In the slowly varying envelope approximation we derive the basic equations that describe the propagation of ultrashort pulses in quadratically nonlinear media in which a wave at a fundamental frequency interacts with its second harmonic. In the governing equations we keep linear terms that account for both second- and third-order dispersion and nonlinear terms describing both nonlinear dispersion and self-steepening of the pulse edge. We then perform the Painlevé singularity structure analysis of the most general system of coupled partial differential equations we derived. In a specific case, when third-order dispersion is negligible, by using a Hirota-like method, we found zero- and one-parameter families of bright (fundamental frequency) and dark (second harmonic) solitary waves which travel at a locked group velocity.
200 * THE INFLUENCE OF VISCERAL PLEURAL INVASION ON THE SURVIVAL IN COMPLETELY RESECTED NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER: IS THE DEFINITION OF 7TH EDITION OF THE TNM STAGING SYSTEM FOR LUNG CANCER SUITABLE? (2014)

Objectives: It is still controversial that visceral pleural invasion (VPI) influences the survival in completely resected NSCLC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the extent of VPI to survival by using the multicentre retrospective database regarding the surgical series of NSCLC. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological characteristics and outcome of 642 NSCLC patients, who underwent anatomic complete resection at 9 hospitals in Yokohama Consortium of Thoracic Surgeons from 2005 to 2007. Results: The median follow-up time was 65 months. The extent of VPI was pl0 in 463, pl1 in 135, and pl2 in 44 patients. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and over-all survival (OS) rates of the pl0, pl1, and pl2 patients were 74.0%, 56.9%, 53.7% and 75.9%, 63.7%, 53.9%, respectively, with significant difference between pl0 and pl1, pl0 and pl2 (P < 0.01 in DFS and OS, respectively). There was no significant difference between pl1 and pl2. Analysis stratified by lymph node metastases showed that pl0 had significantly higher survival rate than that of pl1 and pl2 in N0 and N1 groups, but there was no difference in N2. There was no difference in any group between pl1 and pl2. Conclusion: These results suggested that not the extent of VPI, but the presence of VPI itself was a prognostic factor on the postoperative survival in patients with N0–1 groups. Since the influence of VPI is not reflected in N1 groups in the 7th Edition of the TNM classification, further re-evaluation for this issue is necessary in N1 diseases.
Calibration of a Ground-Based Array Radar for Tomographic Imaging of Natural Media (2019)

Ground-based tomographic radar measurements provide valuable knowledge about the electromagnetic scattering mechanisms and temporal variations of an observed scene and are essential in preparation for space-borne tomographic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) missions. Due to the short range between the radar antennas and a scene being observed, the tomographic radar observations are affected by several systematic errors. This article deals with the modelling and calibration of three systematic errors: mutual antenna coupling, magnitude and phase errors and the pixel-variant impulse response of the tomographic image. These errors must be compensated for so that the tomographic images represent an undistorted rendering of the scene reflectivity. New calibration methods were described, modelled and validated using experimental data. The proposed methods will be useful for future ground-based tomographic radar experiments in preparation for space-borne SAR missions.
Thymic differentiation of TCRαβ<sup>+</sup> CD8αα<sup>+</sup> IELs (2007)

Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) contain several subsets, but the origin of the T-cell receptor (TCR)alphabeta(+) CD8 alpha alpha(+) IELs has been particularly controversial. Here we provide a synthesis, based on recent work, that attempts to unify the divergent views. The intestine has a primordial function in lymphopoiesis, and precursors with the potential to differentiate into T cells are found both in the epithelium and underlying lamina propria. Moreover, the thymus has been reported to export cells to the intestine that are not fully differentiated. TCR alpha beta(+) CD8 alpha alpha(+) IELs can differentiate in the intestine from each of these sources, but in normal euthymic mice, the thymus appears to be the major source for TCR alpha beta(+) CD8 alpha alpha(+) IELs. This unique IEL subset is a self-reactive population that requires exposure to self-agonists for selection in the thymus, similar to other regulatory T-cell populations. IELs transition through a double-positive (DP) intermediate in the thymus, but they originate from a subset of the DP cells that can be identified by its expression of CD8 alpha alpha homodimers. The agonist-selected cells in the thymus are TCRbeta(+) but CD4 and CD8 double negative. The evidence suggests that reacquired expression of CD8 alpha alpha and downregulation of CD5 occur after thymus export, perhaps in the intestine under the influence of interleukin-15. As a result of agonist exposure, a new gene expression program is activated. Therefore, the increased understanding of the developmental origin of TCR alpha beta(+) CD8 alpha alpha(+) IELs may help us to understand how they participate in immune regulation and protection in the intestine.
Some concepts of relativistic gyroamplifiers for particle acceleration (2002)

Gyroamplifiers are very promising sources of coherent, phase-controlled, powerful electromagnetic radiation for driving future particle accelerators. At a given wavelength the interaction space in gyroamplifiers is much larger than that for klystrons. Therefore, gyroamplifiers usually operate at short wavelengths (/spl lsim/3 cm) where the problem of miniaturization of the interaction space is, for conventional klystrons, extremely severe. In 1992, the operation of relativistic gyroklystrons in a 10 GHz frequency range was successfully demonstrated. The next step in gyroamplifier development is directed towards improvement of electronic efficiency, enhancement of radiated power and an increase in operating frequency. Some concepts of relativistic gyroamplifiers aimed at improving these output parameters are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Limonene-1,2-Epoxide Hydrolase from <i>Rhodococcus erythropolis</i> DCL14 Belongs to a Novel Class of Epoxide Hydrolases (1998)

An epoxide hydrolase from Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14 catalyzes the hydrolysis of limonene-1,2-epoxide to limonene-1,2-diol. The enzyme is induced when R. erythropolis is grown on monoterpenes, reflecting its role in the limonene degradation pathway of this microorganism. Limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase was purified to homogeneity. It is a monomeric cytoplasmic enzyme of 17 kDa, and its N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined. No cofactor was required for activity of this colorless enzyme. Maximal enzyme activity was measured at pH 7 and 50 degrees C. None of the tested inhibitors or metal ions inhibited limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase activity. Limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase has a narrow substrate range. Of the compounds tested, only limonene-1,2-epoxide, 1-methylcyclohexene oxide, cyclohexene oxide, and indene oxide were substrates. This report shows that limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase belongs to a new class of epoxide hydrolases based on (i) its low molecular mass, (ii) the absence of any significant homology between the partial amino acid sequence of limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase and amino acid sequences of known epoxide hydrolases, (iii) its pH profile, and (iv) the inability of 2-bromo-4'-nitroacetophenone, diethylpyrocarbonate, 4-fluorochalcone oxide, and 1, 10-phenanthroline to inhibit limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase activity.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF ALDEHYDES, KETONES, AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS FROM LOWER CARBONYL COMPOUNDS BY CARBON‐CARBON COUPLING REACTIONS (1979)

Abstract Review: Dieser Übersichtsartikel beschreibt Methoden zur Verlängerung von Carbonylverbindungen um 1‐4 C‐Atome.
The Circadian Clock Protein BMAL1 Is Necessary for Fertility and Proper Testosterone Production in Mice (2008)

Although it is well established that the circadian clock regulates mammalian reproductive physiology, the molecular mechanisms by which this regulation occurs are not clear. The authors investigated the reproductive capacity of mice lacking Bmal1 (Arntl, Mop3), one of the central circadian clock genes. They found that both male and female Bmal1 knockout (KO) mice are infertile. Gross and microscopic inspection of the reproductive anatomy of both sexes suggested deficiencies in steroidogenesis. Male Bmal1 KO mice had low testosterone and high luteinizing hormone serum concentrations, suggesting a defect in testicular Leydig cells. Importantly, Leydig cells rhythmically express BMAL1 protein, suggesting peripheral control of testosterone production by this clock protein. Expression of steroidogenic genes was reduced in testes and other steroidogenic tissues of Bmal1 KO mice. In particular, expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) gene and protein, which regulates the rate-limiting step of steroidogenesis, was decreased in testes from Bmal1 KO mice. A direct effect of BMAL1 on StAR expression in Leydig cells was indicated by in vitro experiments showing enhancement of StAR transcription by BMAL1. Other hormonal defects in male Bmal1 KO mice suggest that BMAL1 also has functions in reproductive physiology outside of the testis. These results enhance understanding of how the circadian clock regulates reproduction.
Distribution of circumferential stress in ruptured and stable atherosclerotic lesions. A structural analysis with histopathological correlation. (1993)

These data suggest that concentrations of circumferential tensile stress in the atherosclerotic plaque may play an important role in plaque rupture and myocardial infarction. However, plaque rupture may not always occur at the region of highest stress, suggesting that local variations in plaque material properties contribute to plaque rupture.
Magnetic and transport properties of nanocomposite Fe/Fe<sub>3−δ</sub>O<sub>4</sub>and Fe<sub>3−δ</sub>O<sub>4</sub>films prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (2005)

Reflective, pinhole-free Fe/Fe3O4 and Fe3−δO4/Fe2O3 nanocomposite films were obtained by reacting iron pentacarbonyl, Fe(CO)5, in an inductively-coupled radio frequency glow discharge reactor. The conductivity of the Fex/(Fe3O4)1−x (x > 7%) composite films exhibits metallic characteristics and the conductivity decreases as the α-Fe content decreases. The metal-to-insulator transition temperature of the Fex/(Fe3O4)1−x (x ∼0.07) films shifts to a higher temperature as compared with Fe3−δO4 due to the increased conductivity from α-Fe. The magnetization versus temperature (M–T) curves show the transition temperature ranging from 95 to 136 K, corresponding to the Verwey temperature, which is dependent on the film composition. The Fe3−δO4 film exhibits a negative magnetoresistance of about 4% and 8% at room temperature and 80 K, respectively.
Forces between Blank Surfaces As Measured by the Colloidal Probe Technique and by Optical Tweezers − A Comparison (2009)

The well-established atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based colloidal probe technique (CPT) and optical tweezers (OT) are combined to measure the interaction forces between blank SiO(2) surfaces in aqueous ionic solutions (CaCl(2)) of varying concentration at pH 7. Spherical colloids (SiO(2), diameter approximately 4.63 +/- 0.05 microm) taken out of the same batch are used by both methods. In the case of CPT, a single colloid is glued to a cantilever, and the interaction forces with a plain SiO(2) surface are determined in dependence on the concentration of the surrounding medium. For the OT studies, two colloids (one fixed to a micropipet by capillary action, the other held with the optical trap) are approached to each other in nanometer steps, and the resulting forces are measured for the same media as in the CPT experiment. Both techniques fit well to each other and enable one to cover interaction energies ranging from 10(-5) to 1 mN/m. The experimental data are well described by the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory revealing that the effective surface charge density changes slightly with concentration.
A novel fragmentation mechanism for 5-fluorouracil-olefin photocycloaddition products to 5-substituted uracils. A synthon for the uracil 5-carbanion (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA novel fragmentation mechanism for 5-fluorouracil-olefin photocycloaddition products to 5-substituted uracils. A synthon for the uracil 5-carbanionVictor V. Kaminski, Allan J. Wexler, Robert J. Balchunis, and John S. SwentonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 15, 2738–2743Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00189a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00189a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Reference values for left atrial size by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort (2012)

Background Increased left atrial (LA) size is a marker for both clinical and subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is associated with excess cardiovascular risk. We sought to determine reference values for LA volume by CMR in a longitudinally followed, community-based cohort strictly free of major risk factors for LA enlargement, including: left-sided valve disease, hypertension, obesity, diabetes and clinical CVD.
Rapid radial optical coherence tomography image acquisition (2013)

We demonstrate how compressive sampling can be used to expedite volumetric optical coherence tomography (OCT) image acquisition. We propose a novel method to interpolate OCT volumetric images from data acquired by radial B-scans in the Cartesian coordinate system. Due to the inherent polar symmetry in the human eye, the (r, θ, z) coordinate system provides a natural domain to perform the interpolation. We demonstrate that the method has minimal effect on image quality even when up to 88% of the data is not acquired. The potential outcome of this work could lead to significant reductions in OCT volume acquisition time in clinical practice.
Types of affective response to stroke. (1990)

Most studies of depression after stroke have included heterogeneous samples of patients. These studies have generally not qualified patients as to age, absence of neurologic, psychiatric, and substance abuse histories, and other complicating factors. Of 155 inpatient rehabilitation admissions after acute unilateral cerebrovascular accident, only 26 met the following strict criteria for inclusion: age older than 55 years, no history of or concomitant brain disease or injury, and no history of major affective, thought, or substance abuse disorder. Two examiners independently administered the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, a mood adjective checklist, and a modified Mini-Mental State Examination to 20 subjects who agreed to participate. They also rated subjects on research diagnostic criteria for depression and obtained a dexamethasone suppression test for each subject. Eighteen subjects completed neuropsychologic evaluation. All evaluations were completed within six weeks of the patient's stroke. Subjects fell into four distinct clinical groups based on averaged data: (1) no affective symptoms, (2) verbal distress only, (3) vegetative symptoms only, and (4) a combined disorder with both distress and vegetative symptoms. The presence of verbal reports of distress, vegetative signs, or both were associated with longer hospital stays and greater neuropsychologic impairment.
Ledge interactions and stress relaxations on Si(001) stepped surfaces (1992)

Excess energies and stresses of flat and vicinal stepped surfaces on Si(100) with striped domains of single- and double-layer ledges are calculated using the Stillinger-Weber empirical potential. Energies of stepped structures relaxed by molecular-dynamics simulations are compared to results of electronic-structure calculation in the tight-binding approximation for comparable cell dimensions, with qualitative agreement in the prediction of relative stability among the various ledges. Relaxed atomic configurations for a range of ledge-ledge separations from 8 to 320 \AA{} are obtained by energy minimization. It is shown that stepped surfaces have excess energies lower than that of the flat surface for ledge separations greater than 16 \AA{}. Calculations of in-plane stresses on the surfaces show that the energy-lowering mechanism is an elastic relaxation induced by the initial discontinuity in the stress component across the ledge. These results are discussed in the context of current understanding of elastic interaction effects on the stability of stepped surfaces.