gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A TDMA-based mechanism to enforce real-time behavior in WiFi networks (2008)

In this paper, a TDMA-based mechanism is proposed for IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs. This mechanism prioritizes real-time traffic in IEEE 802.11 networks, allowing the coexistence of standard stations with modified (real-time) stations in the same network domain. The worst-case timing analysis of the TDMA-based mechanism shows that the service interval is upper-bounded, even when the communication medium is shared with timing unconstrained stations.
Low-Toxicity Oil Muds: A Knowledge of Downhole Rheological Behavior Assists Successful Field Application (1986)

Summary The introduction of oil-based drilling fluids has led to significant improvements in drilling efficiency for many North Sea operations. The original formulations that were based on diesel are generally being replaced by the lower-toxicity mineral oils. One factor crucial to the successful application of mineral oils has been a knowledge of their downhole rheological characteristics. This paper describes a purpose-built viscometer capable of simulating realistic downhole temperature (300°C [572°F]) and pressure (100 MPa [1,000 bar]) conditions. Results from this study are used to indicate how surface-fluid rheologies can be tailored to provide adequate downhole viscosities, thus reducing total system pressure losses.
The outcome of infected arthroplasty of the knee (1986)

In order to define the predisposing factors and outcome of infected arthroplasty of the knee, a retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of 471 knee arthroplasties was performed. There were 23 cases of superficial wound infection and 25 of deep infection. Superficial wound infection alone resulted in a painfree gait, with little limitation of movement. Rheumatoid arthritis, the use of constrained prostheses and the presence of a superficial wound infection, all predisposed to deep infection. Deep infection was eradicated by long-term antibiotics in only two patients in whom skin cover was successfully provided by a gastrocnemius musculocutaneous flap. Excision of a sinus track, wound debridement and exchange arthroplasty were universally unsuccessful. Arthrodesis, however, in 11 out of 12 cases, provided the painfree gait these patients desire.
Learning from halophytes: physiological basis and strategies to improve abiotic stress tolerance in crops (2013)

This review argues that learning from halophytes may be a promising way of achieving this goal. The paper is focused around two central questions: what are the key physiological mechanisms conferring salinity tolerance in halophytes that can be introduced into non-halophyte crop species to improve their performance under saline conditions and what specific genes need to be targeted to achieve this goal? The specific traits that are discussed and advocated include: manipulation of trichome shape, size and density to enable their use for external Na(+) sequestration; increasing the efficiency of internal Na(+) sequestration in vacuoles by the orchestrated regulation of tonoplast NHX exchangers and slow and fast vacuolar channels, combined with greater cytosolic K(+) retention; controlling stomata aperture and optimizing water use efficiency by reducing stomatal density; and efficient control of xylem ion loading, enabling rapid shoot osmotic adjustment while preventing prolonged Na(+) transport to the shoot.
Arms Transfer and Conflict Management: The Case of the Iran-Iraq War (Part 2) (1991)

Recent proposals to control arms transfers to the Persian Gulf were built on the belief that major weapons suppliers exacerbated regional conflicts through their commerce. However, such proposals are unclear on the role that arms transfers should play in the external powers’ strategies to control or manage regional conflicts. A detailed case-study of the way in which arms transfers were manipulated during the eight-year Iran-Iraq War helps in clearing away some of this confusion by highlighting two types of influence arms suppliers can gain: bargaining power and structural power The case-study illustrates that arms transfers provide little influence over the combatant’s specific policies (bargaining power), while attempts to alter the range of military and strategic options open to them (structural power) are more successful, and should guide arms suppliers’ efforts to frame control policies for the region. The paper, following its own analysis, offers some suggestions for the designing of multilateral arms transfer policies for the Middle East.
A Fast Signature Scheme Based on Quadratic Inequalities (1985)

A new digital signature scheme is proposed in which the computation time is several hundred times faster than the RSA scheme and in which the key length and signature length are almost comparable to those for the RSA. Moreover, the scheme can be easily implemented and is, therefore, most practical for many digital signature applications. This new scheme is based on both a quadratic congruent inequality and a one-way hash function. The secret key consists of two large prime numbers p and q, and the public key is their product, n=p2q. An inequality is used for signature verification. Although the degree of security in this scheme has not been proved, it is shown that security seems to be equivalent to the difficulty of factoring a large number.
Effects of smoking intervention and the use of an inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator on the rate of decline of FEV1. The Lung Health Study (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine whether a program incorporating smoking intervention and use of an inhaled bronchodilator can slow the rate of decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) in smokers aged 35 to 60 years who have mild obstructive pulmonary disease. <h3>Design.</h3> —Randomized clinical trial. Participants randomized with equal probability to one of the following groups: (1) smoking intervention plus bronchodilator, (2) smoking intervention plus placebo, or (3) no intervention. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Ten clinical centers in the United States and Canada. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 5887 male and female smokers, aged 35 to 60 years, with spirometric signs of early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Smoking intervention: intensive 12-session smoking cessation program combining behavior modification and use of nicotine gum, with continuing 5-year maintenance program to minimize relapse. Bronchodilator: ipratropium bromide prescribed three times daily (two puffs per time) from a metered-dose inhaler. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Rate of change and cumulative change in FEV<sub>1</sub>over a 5-year period. <h3>Results.</h3> —Participants in the two smoking intervention groups showed significantly smaller declines in FEV<sub>1</sub>than did those in the control group. Most of this difference occurred during the first year following entry into the study and was attributable to smoking cessation, with those who achieved sustained smoking cessation experiencing the largest benefit. The small noncumulative benefit associated with use of the active bronchodilator vanished after the bronchodilator was discontinued at the end of the study. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —An aggressive smoking intervention program significantly reduces the age-related decline in FEV<sub>1</sub>in middle-aged smokers with mild airways obstruction. Use of an inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator results in a relatively small improvement in FEV<sub>1</sub>that appears to be reversed after the drug is discontinued. Use of the bronchodilator did not influence the long-term decline of FEV<sub>1</sub>. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:1497-1505)
Fuzzy rule-based systems on general-purpose processors (1995)

The simulation and optimization of fuzzy systems with neural networks or genetic algorithms on general-purpose processors require fast implementations of fuzzy rule-based systems. We present several adapted implementation concepts that precisely analyze the fuzzy algorithm and are based on lookup tables, optimized rule processing, and digital pulse-duration modulation. These concepts allow general-purpose processors to produce solutions quicker than the second generation of special fuzzy processors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dual Resonance Fluorescence of Polydiacetylene Chains Isolated in their Crystalline Monomer Matrix (1998)

Fluorescence of isolated polydiacetylene chains in their monomer crystal is studied. Two different resonant emissions are observed. One is the weak emission of the free exciton at 1.9 eV at 10 K. The other is a very narrow (1.5 meV FWHM) intense resonance emission line at 2.28 eV and originates from a small fraction of chains with different conformation. Instantaneous exciton self-trapping is inconsistent with these emissions. The large difference in quantum yields (factor $>{10}^{2}$) indicates that electronic relaxation of these chains is very sensitive to changes in chain conformation.
Association of a dynamin-like protein with the Golgi apparatus in mammalian cells. (1996)

Dynamins are a family of 100-kD GTPases comprised of at least three distinct gene products and multiple alternatively spliced variants. Homologies with the shibire gene product in Drosophila melanogaster and with Vps1p and Dnm1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggest that dynamins play an important role in vesicular transport. Morphological studies have localized brain dynamin to coated pits and tubular invaginations at the plasma membrane, where it is believed to facilitate the formation of endocytic vesicles. Because similar membrane-budding events occur at the Golgi apparatus and multiple dynamin isoforms exist, we have studied the distribution of dynamins in mammalian cells. To this end, we generated and characterized peptide-specific antibodies directed against conserved regions of the dynamin family. By immunoblot analysis, these antibodies reacted specifically with a 100-kD protein in fibroblasts that sedimented with membranes and microtubules in vitro in a manner similar to brain dynamin. By immunofluorescence microscopy, these antibodies strongly labeled the Golgi complex in cultured fibroblasts and melanocytes, as confirmed by double labeling with a Golgi-specific antibody. Furthermore, Western blot analysis showed significant enrichment of a 100-kD dynamin band in Golgi fractions isolated from the liver. To substantiate these findings, we use a specific antidynamin antibody to immunoisolate Golgi membranes from subcellular Golgi fractions, as determined by EM and immunoblot analysis. This study provides the first morphological and biochemical evidence that a dynamin-like protein associates with the Golgi apparatus in mammalian cells, and suggests that dynamin-related proteins may have multiple cytoplasmic distributions. The potential contributions of dynamin to the secretory and endocytic pathways are discussed.
Security analysis of the SAML single sign-on browser/artifact profile (2004)

Many influential industrial players are currently pursuing the development of new protocols for federated identity management. The security assertion markup language (SAML) is an important standardized example of this new protocol class and will be widely used in business-to-business scenarios to reduce user-management costs. SAML utilizes a constraint-based specification that is a popular design technique of this protocol class. It does not include a general security analysis, but provides an attack-by-attack list of countermeasures as security consideration. We present a security analysis of the SAML single sign-on browser/artifact profile, which is the first one for such a protocol standard. Our analysis of the protocol design reveals several flaws in the specification that can lead to vulnerable implementations. To demonstrate their impact, we exploit some of these flaws to mount attacks on the protocol.
Changing practice patterns for children with heart disease: a clinical pathway approach (1998)

Use of clinical pathways with children hospitalized for cardiac surgery can shorten length of stay in the hospital, reduce use of resources, and improve cost-effectiveness with beneficial outcomes for patients.
Hormone replacement therapy, sleep quality and psychological wellbeing (1995)

Hormone replacement therapy results in a measurable improvement in physical and psychological welfare, the latter being independent of improvement in sleep quality.
Visual software analytics for the build optimization of large-scale software systems (2011)

Visual analytics is the science of analytical reasoning facilitated by interactive visual interfaces. In this paper, we present an adaptation of the visual analytics framework to the context of software understanding for maintenance. We discuss the similarities and differences of the general visual analytics context with the software maintenance context, and present in detail an instance of a visual software analytics application for the build optimization of large-scale code bases. Our application combines and adapts several data mining and information visualization techniques in answering several questions that help developers in assessing and reducing the build cost of such code bases by means of user-driven, interactive analysis techniques.
The Plasma Membrane Calcium Pump: New Ways to Look at an Old Enzyme (2014)

The three-dimensional structure of the PMCA pump has not been solved, but its basic mechanistic properties are known to repeat those of the other Ca(2+) pumps. However, the pump also has unique properties. They concern essentially its numerous regulatory mechanisms, the most important of which is the autoinhibition by its C-terminal tail. Other regulatory mechanisms involve protein kinases and the phospholipids of the membrane in which the pump is embedded. Permanent activation of the pump, e.g. by calmodulin, is physiologically as harmful to cells as its absence. The concept is now emerging that the global control of cell Ca(2+) may not be the main function of the pump; in some cell types, it could even be irrelevant. The main pump role would be the regulation of Ca(2+) in cell microdomains in which the pump co-segregates with partners that modulate the Ca(2+) message and transduce it to important cell functions.
Peephole Optimization Technique for analysis and review of Compiler Design and Construction (2013)

technique called Peephole optimization. In the early stage of the implementation of this technique basically applied using string pattern matching performed on the regular expression and which are known as classical peephole optimizers. In the classical optimizers, the string pattern matching approach is considered as a processing of the input of the syntax of assembly code but its meaning gets lost. This paper explores prior research and current research issues in term of 'Optimizing' compilers with the implementation of Peephole optimization using different pattern matching approach that focuses on regular expression. In several research discussed below targets the implementation of pattern matching approach based on rule application strategy to achieve optimization of assembly code syntax for specific machine or retargetable [machine independent] in context of structured programming, procedure oriented programming and Object Oriented Programming.
Upregulated lncRNA-UCA1 contributes to progression of lung cancer and is closely related to clinical diagnosis as a predictive biomarker in plasma. (2015)

Objective: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play an important regulatory roles in cancer biology, and the lncRNA-UCA1 is upregulated in several cancers such as bladder cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer, however, the contributions of UCA1 to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain largely unknown. Methods: Expression levels of lncRNA-UCA1 in tumor tissues and plasma from NSCLC patients was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR, and its association with overall survival of patients was analyzed by statistical analysis. Moreover, the UCA1 expression correlation between tumor tissues and plasma was demonstrated by linear regression analysis. Results: the results showed that the expression of UCA1 in NSCLC tissues was obviously higher than that observed in pair-matched adjacent nontumourous tissues, (P < 0.001). The agarose gel electrophoretogram of RT-PCR products further confirmed that UCA1 was increased in NSCLC tissues. To assess the correlation of UCA1 expression with Clinicopathological data, we found that the expression level of UCA1 was associate with histological grade (P < 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001). Intriguingly, the expression of UCA1 was significantly increased in plasma from NSCLC patients. The UCA1 expression measurements obtained from plasma and tumor tissues were strongly correlated in 60 patient samples (r = 0.881). By receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, plasma UCA1 provided the highly diagnostic performance for detection of NSCLC (the area under the ROC curve (AUC), 0.886; P < 0.001). In conclusion, the current results indicated that Plasma UCA1 could serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of NSCLC. UCA1 as a biomarker in clinical application might significantly improve the efficacy of human NSCLC screening.
Neurocysticercosis: a new classification based on active and inactive forms. A study of 753 cases. (1985)

Cysticercosis of the central nervous system, because of the combination of inflammatory response, topography of lesions, degree of parasitic infestation, and sequelae of previous infestations produces a most variable clinical picture. The symptomatology may range from a discrete neurological disturbance to the most dramatic brain disorder. Severity of the disease, prognosis, and medical or surgical decision for treatment largely depend on the individual amalgam of the above-referred factors. An improved classification of neurocysticercosis (NCC) that delineates active from inactive forms of the disease will eventually be important in the research of immunodiagnosis and in therapeutic trials. In this report, a classification is presented that separates active from nonactive forms of NCC and is based on our experience with 735 patients studied. Characteristics of each form of NCC, frequency of principal signs and symptoms, and findings in cerebrospinal fluid analysis are discussed.
Task Decomposition Through Competition in a Modular Connectionist Architecture: The What and Where Vision Tasks (1991)

A novel modular connectionist architecture is presented in which the networks composing the architecture compete to learn the training patterns. An outcome of the competition is that different networks learn different training patterns and, thus, learn to compute different functions. The architecture performs task decomposition in the sense that it learns to partition a task into two or more functionally independent tasks and allocates distinct networks to learn each task. In addition, the architecture tends to allocate to each task the network whose topology is most appropriate to that task. The architecture's performance on “what” and “where” vision tasks is presented and compared with the performance of two multilayer networks. Finally, it is noted that function decomposition is an underconstrained problem, and, thus, different modular architectures may decompose a function in different ways. A desirable decomposition can be achieved if the architecture is suitably restricted in the types of functions that it can compute. Finding appropriate restrictions is possible through the application of domain knowledge. A strength of the modular architecture is that its structure is well suited for incorporating domain knowledge.
Impact of Metal Gate Granularity on Threshold Voltage Variability: A Full-Scale Three-Dimensional Statistical Simulation Study (2010)

It has recently become clear that the use of high-κ /metal gate stacks will have a distinct impact on the intrinsic parameter variability of the corresponding CMOS devices. The metal gates have a natural granularity, with the work function of each grain depending on its orientation. Here, we present a full-scale 3-D statistical simulation study of the statistical variability induced by this metal gate granularity (MGG). We investigate the effect of grain size on both the magnitude of the variability and the shape of the corresponding statistical distribution. The distributions in threshold voltage due to MGG are analyzed in isolation and in combination with random discrete dopants and line-edge roughness.
Non-protein coding RNA biomarkers and differential expression in cancers: a review (2008)

These results underscore the complexity of the RNA world and provide further evidence on the involvement of functional RNAs in cancer cell growth control.
Erfassung verhaltenstherapeutischer Kompetenzen durch direkte Verhaltensbeobachtung: Entwicklung eines Beobachtungsbogens für eine kriterienorientierte Supervision (1999)

Generally acceptable criteria for ‘good’ psychotherapists are difficult to determine, since clients, settings, and forms of psychotherapy have to be taken into consideration. Nevertheless, it is necessary to establish minimal standards which give an orientation for the training of therapists. Those aspects which are empirically shown to be effective in psychotherapy must be focused on: interactional and methodological competencies. Especially during training in psychotherapy, observation of the therapists’ behavior (by video tapes or live supervision) is desirable because this assists in giving concrete feedback about adequate behavior or behavior that needs to be improved. An observational sheet with 24 rating scales is presented, which can be used for assessment of the therapists’ actual behavior by the supervisor. For therapists the rating scales can give an orientation for the development of necessary therapeutic competencies. These focus on interactional skills, structural and strategic aspects of therapeutic work as well as general effects (attractiveness, trustworthiness, and expertness of therapists). The rating sheet was examined in a study with 13 behavior therapists who carried out a group training for developing assertiveness. Usefulness of the results of the ratings for supervision is exemplified by profiles of behavioral competencies of two therapists at different stages of therapeutic development.
DIE KUNSTSTOFFE UND DAS AUTOMOBIL (1995)

Kunststoffe weisen vielfaeltige Vorteile im Automobilbau auf, die auch den allgemeinen Anforderungen an das Automobil wie Leichtbau, Umweltschonung und Wirtschaftlichkeit sehr entgegenkommen. Kunststoffe sind darueber hinaus auch Werkstoffe, die sich im Hinblick auf ihre Eigenschaften besonders fuer den Automobilbau eignen, darueber hinaus einfach zu verarbeiten und fuer vielfaeltige Anwendungen einsetzbar sind. Im Beitrag werden die spezifischen Einsatzvorteile von Kunststoff im Automobilbau dargelegt, ferner werden verschiedene Bauteile aus Kunststoff im Karosseriebereich sowie neue Kunststoffanwendungen im Motorbereich behandelt. Das weitere Vordringen von Kunststoff im Automobilbau wird jedoch nicht mehr so stuermisch verlaufen wie in der Vergangenheit, da die Substitutionsmoeglichkeiten klassischer Werkstoffe nahezu erschoepft sind. Allerdings befinden sich einige wesentliche Kunststoffanwendungen erst im Bereich der Entwicklungsphase. Einen nochmaligen Quantensprung duerfte es geben, wenn sich der Kunststoffeinsatz im Karosseriebereich verstaerkt. Titel in Englisch: Plastics in automotive engineering.