gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Junctional intercellular communication pattern of cultured human breast cancer cells. (1979)

Junctional intercellular communication between several established human breast cancer cell lines and a variety of mammalian cells has been examined. All the cancer cell lines were found to be either noncommunicators or nonselective communicators. This contrasts with normal human mammary epithelium which shows selectivity in junctional communication. Loss of selectivity in junctional communication appears to be a general feature of cultured human breast cancer cells.
Arthroscopic treatment of intraarticular fibrous bands after total knee arthroplasty. A followup note. (1994)

Eighteen consecutive patients (average age, 66.4 years at arthroscopy) who had a previous total knee arthroplasty underwent arthroscopic resection of a transverse suprapatellar fibrous band, which was causing patellar snapping and jumping as it impinged on the intercondylar notch portion of the femoral component during active extension (tethered patellar syndrome). Fourteen patients were available for followup at an average of 56 months (range, 37-91 months). All patients had complete relief of the patellar symptoms. One patient had a recurrence of symptoms 10 months after arthroscopy but remained symptom free 30 months after repeat resection. All are currently symptom free and are classified as having excellent results. The average range of motion is 1 degree to 115 degrees. There were no complications attributable to the arthroscopy. The tethered patellar syndrome has been noted by various authors, and has been most commonly treated by arthrotomy. At arthroscopy, a transverse suprapatellar fibrous band was seen to catch on the intercondylar notch of the femoral component, snapping free as the knee extended past approximately 30 degrees. In this population, excellent long-term results were achieved with arthroscopic removal of the transverse suprapatellar band.
Improvement of the method of obtaining gas sulfur (2009)

An improved method of obtaining gas sulfur using the Claus and Sulfren processes, which provides an increase in its yield to 99.6–99.8%, is suggested. To realize this method, new catalysts are developed, namely, the alumina catalyst for the Claus process, the catalyst for the reduction of SO2, the catalyst for the Sulfren process, and the low-temperature catalyst for the direct oxidation of H2S, which provided for the utilization of previously not used components of the gas medium H2 and CO forming at the thermal stage. This method is recommended for introduction at the enterprises of OAO GAZPROM, Orenburg and Astrakhan, gas processing plants. No substantial changes in the hardware implementation of technological lines will be necessary; it will be sufficient to reconstruct the reactors of the Sulfren process.
<sup>15</sup>N NMR Chemical Shift Tensors of Substituted Hexaazaisowurtzitanes:  The Intermediates in the Synthesis of CL-20 (2004)

Several cage-substituted hexaazaisowurtzitanes [2,4,6,8,10,12-hexabenzyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (HBIW); 2,6,8,12-tetraacetyl-4,10-dibenzyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (TADB); and 2,6,8,12-tetraacetyl-4,10-diformyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (TADF)] have been synthesized as intermediate steps in the synthesis of CL-20. The 15N NMR isotropic and chemical shift tensor principal values have been obtained for these intermediates using CP/MAS and FIREMAT methods. Solid-state 15N NMR offers unique advantages in the study of these materials, due to solubility issues and lack of high-quality X-ray crystallographic data. In addition, the caged structures possess unique electronic properties that can be useful in further refining theoretical methods. The effects of the different functional groups on the chemical shift tensor principal values of these caged amines have been evaluated and are shown to be reflected in the total anisotropy. The position of the amine within the cage is manifested in the δ22 values. Nitrogen-15 NMR shielding calculations using the embedded ion method (EIM) to account for long-range intermolecular interactions show a good correlation, rmsd = 4 ppm, with the observed chemical shift tensor values.
Pathophysiological implications of neurovascular P450 in brain disorders (2016)

Over the past decades, the significance of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes has expanded beyond their role as peripheral drug metabolizers in the liver and gut. CYP enzymes are also functionally active at the neurovascular interface. CYP expression is modulated by disease states, impacting cellular functions, detoxification, and reactivity to toxic stimuli and brain drug biotransformation. Unveiling the physiological and molecular complexity of brain P450 enzymes will improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying brain drug availability, pharmacological efficacy, and neurotoxic adverse effects from pharmacotherapy targeting brain disorders.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Remodelling of the Escherichia coli outer membrane by two small regulatory RNAs. (2005)

Small non-coding RNAs that play important regulatory roles exist in numerous organisms. In Escherichia coli, about 60 small RNAs have been found and those that have been studied are involved in the response and adaptation to different stresses. RygA and RygB, two of these small RNAs, were identified on the basis of their conservation between different species and their ability to bind Hfq. They are adjacent on the chromosome and have sequence similarity at their 5' and 3' ends but distinct central regions, suggesting that they could regulate the expression of both common and distinct genes. A screen using a multicopy E. coli library led to identification of the response regulator OmpR and its associated sensor kinase EnvZ as positive regulators of rygA and rygB transcription. Therefore, RygA and RygB were renamed OmrA and OmrB respectively (for OmpR-regulated sRNAs A and B). When expressed at high levels, OmrA and OmrB RNAs negatively regulate the expression of several genes encoding multiple outer membrane proteins, including cirA, fecA, fepA and ompT. Taken together, these data suggest that OmrA and OmrB participate in the regulation of outer membrane composition in response to environmental conditions. PMID: 16359331 Funding information This work was supported by: Intramural NIH HHS, United States
Differences in Immune Reconstitution and Cytokine Production in Children with Sibling Donor BMT Versus T-Cell Depleted PBSCT from Unrelated or Mismatched Family Donors. (2006)

Abstract Introduction: Transplantation of haematopoietic stem cell (HSCT) from human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-disparate parental donors presents an approach for the treatment of patients lacking an HLA-matched donor, but little is known about differences in immune reconstitution as compared to conventional BMT. We prospectively compared paediatric recipients of positively selected CD34+ peripheral blood stem cells from unrelated or HLA-mismatched donors vs. recipients of unmanipulated bone marrow from matched sibling donors. Patients: Immune reconstitution was studied in 20 children (20 transplants [5 sibling, vs. 8 UD, 7 haplo]; median age was 9,6 years; range 7m-26y; 7 female, 13 male). Blood samples were drawn before allo-HSCT, on days 14 (take), 30, 60, 100, 200 and 365 and >15months after SCT. Methods: We analyzed lymphocyte subpopulations using flow cytometry. Cytokines (IFNg, IL2, TNFa, IL4, IL5, IL10) were determined by FACS after in vitro stimulation with PMA, ionomycin and brefeldin for 24h. Additionally, we measured IL2, IL7, IL13, IL15, IFNg and TGFb in unstimulated sera by ELISA. Further more, we studied TREC values and did spectratype analysis by real time-PCR and gel electrophoresis. Results: After allo-HSCT, NK-cells were the cells, which regenerated first. In T-cells, decreased absolute counts could be detected as well as an inverted CD4-CD8-ratio during the first year after SCT. In CD4+ T-cells, the memory phenotype (CD45RO+) predominated. Sibling recipients show a faster T-cell regeneration than recipients of UD or mismatched family donors (MM). As to cytokine levels in unstimulated sera, IFNg levels remained stable, while we saw high level of IL4 shortly after allo-HSCT; IL4 levels decreased during the first year after SCT. TGFb showed increased levels post-transplantation for up to two years. In stimulated T-cells, we measured a rise in Th2-cytokines (IL4, IL5, IL10) until d60 and a decrease of IFNg/TNFa. Th2-cytokines returned to pre-transplantation levels until d200, whereas Th1-cytokines rise to higher level than before transplantation. We could find that IL2 was produced predominantly by CD4+ / IFNg+ cells and by CD8+cells. Patients who received T-cell depleted stem cell preparations show lower IFNg and TNFa values and higher Th2-cytokine levels than patients who received bone marrow. TREC counts appear earlier in sib HSCT (median d60) than in MM-transplant (median d200). As to spectratype values, we found a distribution of the 24Vb gene families of 4,18% per Vb-family with clonal expansion, especially in the first months after HSCT, of BV6b>BV23>BV1>BV16.
Methods of Coding and Compiling Elementary Pieces of Design Knowledge for Conceptual Design Support (1997)

This paper proposes a method for encoding, macro-coding and utilizing design knowledge for computer aided conceptual design. From VE (Value Engineering) perspectives, we interpret artifacts as communication channels which transmit a designer's intention to the “world of structures” in which the designer's intention is substantiated. This transmission process is subjected to teleological, causal and information theoretic rationality. The information transmission is optimized by introducing intermediary “codes” (schema of design knowledge) which bypass the channel. By means of Explanation-Based Generalization and Genetic Algorithm, codes prepared in the initial knowledge-base are combined together into the so-called “macro-codes”. Codes and macro-codes are evaluated by their efficiency of accelerating design process, by their rationality of using themselves, and by their fitness for design phase. We propose a computer environment for supporting conceptual design which retains several codes sorted out by three dimensions of evaluation, and facilitates designers to select their desired codes. In this environment, processes of conceptual design take the form of placing selected codes at appropriate locations along with the information transmission channel.
Regulating General Mutation Rates: Examination of the Hypermutable State Model for Cairnsian Adaptive Mutation (2003)

In the lac adaptive mutation system of Cairns, selected mutant colonies but not unselected mutant types appear to arise from a nongrowing population of Escherichia coli. The general mutagenesis suffered by the selected mutants has been interpreted as support for the idea that E. coli possesses an evolved (and therefore beneficial) mechanism that increases the mutation rate in response to stress (the hypermutable state model, HSM). This mechanism is proposed to allow faster genetic adaptation to stressful conditions and to explain why mutations appear directed to useful sites. Analysis of the HSM reveals that it requires implausibly intense mutagenesis (10(5) times the unselected rate) and even then cannot account for the behavior of the Cairns system. The assumptions of the HSM predict that selected revertants will carry an average of eight deleterious null mutations and thus seem unlikely to be successful in long-term evolution. The experimentally observed 35-fold increase in the level of general mutagenesis cannot account for even one Lac(+) revertant from a mutagenized subpopulation of 10(5) cells (the number proposed to enter the hypermutable state). We conclude that temporary general mutagenesis during stress is unlikely to provide a long-term selective advantage in this or any similar genetic system.
Reversible Formation of a Cationic Palladium(II) Hydride [HPd(PPh3)2]+ in the Oxidative Addition of Acetic or Formic Acid to Palladium(0) in DMF (2000)

The oxidative addition of acetic or formic acid to Pd0(PPh3)4 in DMF affords a cationic palladium(II) hydride, [trans-HPd(PPh3)2(DMF)]+, with acetate or formate as the counter anion. The two reactions are reversible. The equilibrium and kinetic constants of the oxidative additions have been determined.
Antitumor Effect of Hydrolyzed Anthocyanin from Grape Rinds and Red Rice (1996)

When Balb/C mice that were fed with red glutinous rice, white ordinary rice, or commercially available standard food were inoculated with syngeneic Meth/A lymphoma cells i.p., the group fed the red rice survived longer than the other two groups. In order to determine if the anthocyanins contained in red-coloured seeds and fruit rinds were responsible for the tumor suppressive effect, we added anthocyanins extracted from grape rinds and glutinous red rice to petri dishes that had been seeded with HCT-15 cells. After 4 days of culture, cell counts were made. These anthocyanins were not effective in suppressing the tumor growth. However, anthocyanidins, which were generated by keeping anthocyanins in 5 to 6% HC1 methanol for 5 to 6 hours, were effective in the suppression of tumor growth. Flowcytometric histograms were made after 2 days of culture with these bioflavonoids. The histogram of cells treated with crude anthocyanin was similar to that of the control. Hydrolyzed anthocyanidins gave the elevation of S phase, suggesting a block in the step from S-phase to G2-phase. It seemed that the anthocyanidins contained in the grape rinds and red rice were effective on the suppression of cell growth as observed previously for anthocyanins extracted from the petals of higher plants.
Regional Differences in Bioelectrical Properties and Anion Secretion in Cultured Epithelia from Rat and Human Male Excurrent Ducts1 (1995)

Bioelectrical properties and anion secretion in cultured epithelia from different regions of rat and human male excurrent ducts were studied by measuring the short-circuit currents (ISC). In all regions of the rat excurrent duct, Cl- secretion accounts for over 90% of the basal ISC, although the magnitude varied in different regions. Cl- secretion was found to be mediated by a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, an Na+/H+ exchanger, and an Na+/K+/2Cl- symport located on the basolateral side of the epithelial cells. Forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, and ionomycin, a Ca2+ ionophore, were used to investigate the relative importance of cAMP and Ca2+ as intracellular messengers regulating Cl- secretion in different regions. It was found that in both species, the forskolin-evoked ISC response was larger in the proximal end (efferent duct/caput epididymidis [rat/human, respectively]) than in the distal end (cauda/corpus epididymidis). The response to ionomycin in the rat cauda epididymidis (distal end) was larger than that in the efferent duct (proximal end); on the other hand, no significant difference in the ionomycin-induced ISC was observed in the caput and the corpus regions from the human epididymis. Our results indicate that while the cAMP- and Ca(2+)-dependent pathways are both involved in regulating Cl- secretion in all regions along the male excurrent ducts in both species, a regional difference exists with respect to the relative importance of the two regulatory pathways involved in Cl- secretion along the male reproductive tract.
Electric field and ionization waves in Pulsed Atmospheric Plasma Streams (PAPS): complementary in situ diagnostics (2016)

In the field of cold atmospheric pressure plasmas in noble gases, pulsed atmospheric plasma streams (PAPS) are all induced by guided ionization waves often propagating within a capillary and expanding into the ambient atmosphere [1]. Many applications take advantage of such discharges. For instance, in biology and medicine, plasma is used to activate biological responses such as cell proliferation or cell death while plasma can also activate liquid resulting in the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Meanwhile, some intriguing features of PAPS have already been observed and reported. For example, long distance propagation, ionization front splitting and merging and transfer from a single PAPS to an electrodeless across second capillary and yielding the propagation of another PAPS [1]. Although these features must be beneficial for some specific processes and the development of new plasma sources like multi-jet plasma arrays [2], the involved mechanisms are not entirely understood and controlled. In this work, one focuses on the diagnostic of PAPS through the investigation of the electric field (EF) induced by the ionization wave. Experimental EF characterizations are extremely beneficial for the comprehension of plasma mechanisms and particularly for the validation of numerical simulation results. Lately, measurement techniques of EF in cold atmospheric plasmas have been developed significantly and are currently under great interest. In this contribution, the authors present the results of strength EF obtained with two different methods. The first technique is a custom-made electro optic sensor based on the Pockels effect. This apparatus consist of a 4 mm diameter alumina tube which contains a BSO crystal 1.75 mm diameter. It allows us to record simultaneously two orthogonal components of the EF vector, time and spaced resolved in the vicinity of the jet [3]. The second method uses Stark polarization emission spectroscopy of the He I line at 492.19 nm [4]. As a non-perturbative technique, it has the advantage of measuring exclusively the EF strength of the ionization wave within the capillary as well as in the plasma expansion into the ambient. Depending on the experimental conditions, both methods will be either complementary or compared with each other. The outcomes will bring important information about the reliability of each methods but will also be of high interest for the comparison with numerical simulations in order to validate the computed results. This work was supported by the bilateral project PHD Pavle Savic 2016 (n°36216UA). XD acknowledges his grant funding INEL/Region Centre Val de Loire.
The Ultra-Weak Variational Formulation for Elastic Wave Problems (2004)

The ultra-weak variational formulation has been used effectively to solve time-harmonic acoustic and electromagnetic wave propagation in inhomogeneous media. We develop the ultra-weak variational formulation for elastic wave propagation in two space dimensions. In order to improve the accuracy and stability of the method, we find it necessary to approximate the S- and P-wave components of the solution in a balanced way. Some preliminary analysis is provided and numerical evidence is presented for the efficiency of the scheme in comparison to piecewise linear finite elements.
[Anatomo-radiological classification of meningioma of the posterior skull base]. (1994)

Between 1972 and february 1993, 140 posterior skull base (clivus and posterior aspect of the petrous bone) meningiomas were seen and treated in our department. Since 1982, we use an anatomo-radiological classification system which is suggested here as a standard classification method for comparison among series of these tumors. Once a meningioma of this region has been discovered the problem is to establish as precisely as possible: its site of origin which will provide evidence of the likely direction of displacement of the blood vessels and nerves of the region. Its exact area of attachment is of prime importance in selecting the best surgical approach. Its size and tumoral extensions which will often dictate the addition of other approaches to allow complete removal. THE SITE OF ATTACHMENT (140 CASES): The posterior skull base may be subdivided into four zones: the clival zone: which comprises the clivus itself and that part of the petrous apex situated medial to the trigeminal impression; the posterior surface of the petrous bone itself subdivided into three roughly equal zones; *an anterior zone (zone A) situated between the trigeminal impression and the anterior lip of the IAM, *a median zone (zone M) from the anterior lip of the IAM to a line immediately posterior to the labyrinthine block, *a posterior zone (zone P) extending from this line to the sigmoïd sinus. In our series, we find meningiomas of the posterior skull base with a discrete site of attachment in the clival zone (10 cases), zone A (29 cases), zone M (31 cases), zone P (19 cases) others have a much wider attachment encompassing two or even three zones, zone A. M (29 cases), zone M. P (15 cases), zone A. M. P (7 cases). THE STAGE OF THE TUMOR: The tumor's base of implantation having been precisely defined, the stage of the tumor is then determined by measuring the distance between the tumor surface and the line of attachment. In our series, 131 tumors were measured: 13 tumors were stage I (tumors with an encroachment into the angle of less than 1 cm), 38 tumors were stage II (1-1.9 cm), 37 tumors were stage III (2-2.9 cm), 43 tumors were stage IV (more than 3 cm). TUMOR EXTENSIONS: These are appreciated on axial, coronal and sagittal images (MRI). Meningiomas of the clivus may extend [8 cases]: very commonly to the petrous apex (zone A) [7 cases], almost always to the tentorium [7 cases], often to the cavernous sinus [5 cases].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Experimental Determination of the Fermi Radius, Velocity, and <i>g</i> Factor in Pd and Pt (1969)

Modern techniques for the measurement of the de Haas-van Alphen effect now allow many properties of the Fermi surface to be determined with great precision. In addition to the traditional measurements of extremal cross-sectional areas, measurements of effective cyclotron mass, orbital g factor, and Dingle temperature have been made in palladium and platinum. From these measurements the Fermi radii, Fermi velocities, and density of states are calculated. Comparison of these data with recent band structure calculations gives estimates of the magnitude of the many-body corrections. Such corrections include not only the effects of electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions but also the effects of the exchange enhancement due to short-lived spin fluctuations.
I. Die Inaktivierung von Escherichia coli K-12 durch den Phosphonsäureester Trichlorphon (1968)

Trichlorphone is bacteriocidal for Escherichia coli K-12. The bacterial inactivation depends on the concentration and the reaction time of trichlorphone and on the growth phase of the bacteria. DDVP formed by hydrolysis of trichlorphone had a higher bacteriocidal effect than trichlorphone itself; pH-changes may modify the effectiveness. The processes that take place in the bacterial cultures containing trichlorphone are discussed.