gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation of a Cellulolytic Enzyme Producing Microorganism, Culture Conditions and Some Properties of the Enzymes (1987)

A fungus was isolated from soil as a cellulolytic enzyme-producing microorganism. This wild strain, named fungal strain Y-94, secreted a large amount of cellulolytic enzyme components consisting of 0.8 units of avicelase, 9.2 units of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-hydrolyzing enzyme (CMCase) and 2.0 units of β-glucosidase per ml of culture broth on cultivation in Mandels medium for 7 to 10 days at 30°C, and also produced in the culture filtrate various other polysaccharide- hydrolyzing enzymes such as xylanase, β-1,3-glucanase, amylase, etc. Higher productivity of the cellulolytic enzymes (avicelase, 6.5 units/ml; CMCase, 82 units/ml; β-glucosidase, 25 units/ml; and filter paper units (F.P.U.),* 5.0 units/ml) was obtained by altering the medium composition. The maximum production of the cellulolytic enzymes was observed when this strain was cultured in a medium containing 4% cellulose powder, 1% peptone, 0.6% KNO3, 0.2% urea, 1.2% KH2PO4, 0.16% KCl, 0.12% MgSO4 7H20, 0.001% MnSO4 6H20, 0.001% CuSO4 7H20 and 0.1% Tween 80 or polyethylene glycol 1000, pH 4.0, under the same culture conditions.
Synthesis of analogs of K‐582A, an antibiotic heptapeptide (1985)

K-582 A, an antibiotic heptapeptide, has a sequence of H-L-Arg-L-Arg(OH)-D-Orn-L-Thr-D-Orn-L-Lys-D-Tyr-OH (Arg(OH), threo-gamma-hydroxyarginine). In order to investigate the relationship between structure and antimicrobial activity, four shortened analogs, des-L-Arg1, L-Arg(OH)2-K582 A (pentapeptide), des-L-Arg(OH)2-K-582 A (hexapeptide) and their N-acetyl derivatives, were synthesized by the conventional method. None of them, however, showed any antimicrobial activity. Three more analogs, [L-Lys2]K-582 A, [L-Orn2]K-582 A and [L-Arg2]K-582 A, were synthesized. Among them, only [L-Arg2]K-582 A showed substantial activity against Candida krusei and Saccharomyces rouxii, indicating that the presence of a guanidyl side chain at position 2 is an essential factor for the induction of activity.
The Use of Graphitized Carbon Black as a Trapping Material for Organic Compounds in Light Gases Before a Gas Chromatographic Analysis (1975)

Journal Article The Use of Graphitized Carbon Black as a Trapping Material for Organic Compounds in Light Gases Before a Gas Chromatographic Analysis Get access A. Raymond, A. Raymond Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Physique, Ecole Polytechnique, 17, rue Descartes, Paris 5eme, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. Guiochon G. Guiochon Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Physique, Ecole Polytechnique, 17, rue Descartes, Paris 5eme, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 13, Issue 4, April 1975, Pages 173–177, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/13.4.173 Published: 01 April 1975 Article history Received: 24 September 1973 Published: 01 April 1975
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Preparation of Aromatic Fluorides by Deaminative Fluorination of Aminoarenes Using Hydrogen Fluoride Combined with Bases. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The design of a specific ligand of HIV gp120 (1997)

The crystal structure of CD4 suggested that the C/G38 and C/L44 replacements with the consequent cystine bridge formation are compatible with the native structure of that molecular moiety. As the NQGSF sequence, corresponding to the 39-43 fragment of human CD4 protein, was found to be involved in the HIV gp120 interaction, it has been synthesized in a cyclic form by adding two cysteine residues at the amino and carboxy termini. 1H-NMR studies show that the predominant solution conformation of cyclo-[CNQGSFC] is a type II beta-turn centred on the NQGS segment. Structural and dynamic properties of the peptide are also analysed in relation to the in vitro activity.
Murine T cells express a cell surface receptor for multiple extracellular matrix proteins. Identification and characterization with monoclonal antibodies. (1989)

Cell-cell and cell-extracellular (ECM) protein interactions are mediated through heterodimers termed integrins. We have demonstrated that dendritic epidermal T cell (DETC) lines adhere to the ECM proteins, fibronectin, fibrinogen, and vitronectin but not to collagen, laminin, or control proteins. This adhesion was blocked by the tetrapeptide RGDS, but not the control peptide, RGES. We have derived a hamster mAb H9.2B8, and a rat mAb, 8.18E12, from immunizations with DETC lines. The mAbs in combination, but not individually, specifically inhibited the adhesion of DETC lines to fibronectin, fibrinogen, and vitronectin. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that both mAbs reacted with a heterodimer composed of noncovalently linked 140- and 95-kD subunits. The 140-kD subunit can be reduced to 120- and 23-kD fragments. Although the two mAbs did not cross-compete for binding to DETC, sequential immunoprecipitation studies indicated that they react with the same 120-kD fragment. While all DETC cell lines and several T cell clones were reactive with the mAbs, the mAbs were not reactive with normal spleen, lymph node, thymus, or skin. Stimulation of splenic T cells with Con A or allogeneic cells induced mAb reactivity after 1 wk in vitro. These data demonstrate that a single lymphocyte receptor, with biochemical features characteristic of integrins, mediates RGD-dependent binding to the ECM proteins, fibronectin, fibrinogen, and vitronectin. Furthermore, since this integrin is expressed by long-term activated T cells, this receptor may play a physiological role in T cell function.
Simultaneous post-injection transmission and emission contamination scans in a volume imaging PET scanner (2002)

For PET cameras without septa a transmission source of 0.5 mCi is adequate for attenuation correction while restricting near detector deadtime. However, emission contamination of post-injection transmission scans is then 30% for 1 mCi of emission activity in the FOV. The authors have developed a method to directly measure emission contamination of post-injection transmission scans using a virtual transmission source position offset by 20 degrees from the transmission source. Thus, the authors collect and subtract a masked emission contamination scan from the transmission scan. Intersection of transmission source gamma rays with the virtual source position mask is cancelled by performing the blank scan in the same manner. Thus, simultaneous and direct measurements of emission contamination are performed, removing the need for complex corrections to emission data and insensitive to activity redistributions between emission and transmission scanning. While the camera deadtime for pre-injection transmission (without emission activity in the FOV) is the same as for the blank scan, there is extra deadtime due to emission activity in the FOV during a post-injection transmission scan. This results from camera processing of the additional events from this emission activity. This excess deadtime depends primarily on the amount of emission activity. This activity is measured by detector singles countrates, so that we have generated a lookup table of extra deadtime vs countrate to correct for this. This method is accurate to 4% for 0.5 mCi in the FOV. Limitations to this method are (1) reduced transmission count densities due to deadtime which results in moderate increases in % standard deviations on measured attenuation coefficients, and (2) a transmission source angular dependent deadtime which is higher for transmission source angles that sample more than the average fraction of emission contamination events. This results in some underestimation of attenuation in high activity areas of the body. Clinical imaging using this method is now routine and often superior to pre-injection transmission since there is considerably less chance of patient motion between emission and transmission scans. From patient and phantom data taken with both pre- and post-injection transmission a lookup table of residual underestimation of attenuation correction by this method (due to angular dependent deadtimes) has been generated so that more accurate SUV calculations may be performed using post-injection transmission in a Volume Imaging PET Camera.
Studies on Plant Growth Substances (1961)

The plant growth activity of a number of substituted 1-naphthoic acids is measured by the pea straight-growth test. The concept of molecular-complex forming ability which was proposed as a requirement for the activity previously is confirmed with minor revisions.
[Cloning and expression of trehalose synthase genes in Escherchia coli]. (2000)

Escherichia coli trehalose synthase otsBA genes have been cloned by using transposon Mu in vivo. The cloning frequency was 1.45 x 10(-3)/Kanr transductant. Genetic complements, endonuclase digestion and partial nucleotide sequencing analysis of these clones indicated that otsBA gene was on plasmid Mud5005. Subcloning 2.87 kb DNA fragment onto expression plasmids with higher or lower copy number and transforming into E. coli recipient strain FF4050, which have otsBA genes deleted respectively, the transformed strains obtained ability of growth on medium containing 0.5 mol/L NaCl and increased trehalose synthesis under high osmotic pressure. Production and accumulation of trehalose may play an important role in crop breeding. These studies will lay an important foundation for constructing an expression vector with the otsBA genes and transformation to tobacco mediated by Agrobacterium, and obtaining ability for drought resistance and high osmotic pressure tolerance.
Polynucleotide phosphorylase and ribonuclease II are required for cell viability and mRNA turnover in Escherichia coli K-12. (1986)

The isolation of a temperature-sensitive allele of RNase II (rnb) by in vitro mutagenesis has permitted the demonstration that RNase II and polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) are required for cell viability and mRNA turnover in Escherichia coli. Double-mutant strains carrying the pnp-7 and rnb-500 alleles (PNPase deficient and RNase II thermolabile) ceased growing in Luria broth within 30 min after shift to the nonpermissive temperature. Cessation of growth was accompanied by an accumulation of mRNA fragments 100-1500 nucleotides long. In contrast, single-mutant and wild-type control strains grew normally at the nonpermissive temperature and did not accumulate mRNA. No significant changes in rRNA patterns were observed in any of the strains.
Treatment of hyperplastic inferior nasal turbinates by means of a Ho:YAG laser (1999)

Although the successful use of the Ho:YAG laser in nasal turbinate surgery had been reported no clinical study had been performed to assess the clinical outcome in longterm. By means of a pulsed Ho:YAG laser emitting at λ=2080nm (1J/pulse, 3-8 Hz) 57 patients suffering from nasal obstruction due to allergic rhinitis and vasomotoric rhinitis were treated under local anesthesia. The study was conducted by standardized questionnaire, photo documentation, allergy test, mucocilliar test, rhinomanometry, radiology and histology. Within 2 weeks after laser treatment a significant improvement of nasal airflow correlating to the extent of the ablated turbinate tissue could be determined. This effect lasted up until 1 year post treatment resulting in an improved quality of life in more than 80 percent of the patients. Side effects like nasal dryness and pain were rare (<4%), no immediate complications were observed. The total treatment time takes 3-8 min and nasal packing was not necessary after the laser procedure. In conclusion Ho:YAG laser treatment can be performed as an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia with excellent ablation of soft tissue in a short treatment time with promising results.
Probing single ion luminescence in rare-earth doped nanocrystals (2002)

We describe experiments probing single europium and terbium ions in isolated nanocrystals (2–15 nm diam.) using fluorescence microscopy techniques. Emission pattern imaging also shows patterns that are distinctly characteristic of single dipoles.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects. (2007)

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with increased mortality. Weight loss improves cardiovascular risk factors, but no prospective interventional studies have reported whether weight loss decreases overall mortality. In fact, many observational studies suggest that weight reduction is associated with increased mortality.METHODS: The prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects study involved 4047 obese subjects. Of these subjects, 2010 underwent bariatric surgery (surgery group) and 2037 received conventional treatment (matched control group). We report on overall mortality during an average of 10.9 years of follow-up. At the time of the analysis (November 1, 2005), vital status was known for all but three subjects (follow-up rate, 99.9%).RESULTS: The average weight change in control subjects was less than +/-2% during the period of up to 15 years during which weights were recorded. Maximum weight losses in the surgical subgroups were observed after 1 to 2 years: gastric bypass, 32%; vertical-banded gastroplasty, 25%; and banding, 20%. After 10 years, the weight losses from baseline were stabilized at 25%, 16%, and 14%, respectively. There were 129 deaths in the control group and 101 deaths in the surgery group. The unadjusted overall hazard ratio was 0.76 in the surgery group (P=0.04), as compared with the control group, and the hazard ratio adjusted for sex, age, and risk factors was 0.71 (P=0.01). The most common causes of death were myocardial infarction (control group, 25 subjects; surgery group, 13 subjects) and cancer (control group, 47; surgery group, 29).CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgery for severe obesity is associated with long-term weight loss and decreased overall mortality.Copyright 2007 Massachusetts Medical Society. PMID: 17715408 Funding information This work was supported by: Medical Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: MC_U105960389
Automated identification of cone photoreceptors in adaptive optics retinal images (2007)

In making noninvasive measurements of the human cone mosaic, the task of labeling each individual cone is unavoidable. Manual labeling is a time-consuming process, setting the motivation for the development of an automated method. An automated algorithm for labeling cones in adaptive optics (AO) retinal images is implemented and tested on real data. The optical fiber properties of cones aided the design of the algorithm. Out of 2153 manually labeled cones from six different images, the automated method correctly identified 94.1% of them. The agreement between the automated and the manual labeling methods varied from 92.7% to 96.2% across the six images. Results between the two methods disagreed for 1.2% to 9.1% of the cones. Voronoi analysis of large montages of AO retinal images confirmed the general hexagonal-packing structure of retinal cones as well as the general cone density variability across portions of the retina. The consistency of our measurements demonstrates the reliability and practicality of having an automated solution to this problem.
Chiral Michael addition: methyl vinyl ketone addition catalyzed by Cinchona alkaloid derivatives (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChiral Michael addition: methyl vinyl ketone addition catalyzed by Cinchona alkaloid derivativesRobin S. E. Conn, Alfred V. Lovell, Sandor Karady, and Leonard M. WeinstockCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 24, 4710–4711Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00374a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00374a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1010Altmetric-Citations106LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Serum Alpha-1-Acid-Glycoprotein, Haptoglobin and C<sub>3</sub> in Hodgkin’s Disease (1982)

107 determinations of alpha 1-acid-glycoprotein (alpha 1S), haptoglobin (Hp) and complement fraction 3 (C3) were made in 85 consecutive patients with Hodgkin's disease, both in acute phase (77 measurements) and in complete remission (30 measurements). Only alpha 1S and Hp showed much higher levels in untreated disease than in remission, and elevation of alpha 1S in activity of the disease is correlated to advanced stages and - less significantly - to severe histology. The ability of alpha 1S, Hp and C3 to discriminate between activity and remission was compared with that of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), alpha 2-globinaemia (alpha 2), fibrinogenaemia (Fb), plasma copper (Cu) and iron (Fe), all data being collected at the same point in time in each patient. The well-known discrimination ability of combined Cu and Fe (75%) can be further improved by alpha 1S (81%) much more than by Hp, C3, ESR, alpha 2 and Fb singly computed and nearly up to the maximum allowed by the eight indexes together (82%).
Mechanics of Biological Cells Studied with Atomic Force Microscopy (2014)

Journal Article Mechanics of Biological Cells Studied with Atomic Force Microscopy Get access Igor Sokolov, Igor Sokolov Department of Mechanical EngineeringDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Maxim Dokukin Maxim Dokukin Department of Mechanical Engineering Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 20, Issue S3, 1 August 2014, Pages 2076–2077, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927614012112 Published: 27 August 2014
Scalable techniques for memory-efficient CDN simulations (2003)

Since CDN simulations are known to be highly memory-intensive, in this paper, we argue the need for reducing the memory requirements of such simulations. We propose a novel memory-efficient data structure that stores cache state for a small subset of popular objects accurately and uses approximations for storing the state for the remaining objects. Since popular objects receive a large fraction of the requests while less frequently accessed objects consume much of the memory space, this approach yields large memory savings and reduces errors. We use bloom filters to store approximate state and show that careful choice of parameters can substantially reduce the probability of errors due to approximations. We implement our techniques into a user library for constructing proxy caches in CDN simulators. Our experimental results show up to an order of magnitude reduction in memory requirements of CDN simulations, while incurring a 5-10% error.
Stacked Polypyrrole-Coated Nonwoven Fabric Sheets for Absorbing Electromagnetic Waves with Broadband Frequencies (2012)

Microwave absorbability of electromagnetic waves in the frequency range of 1–15 GHz, which is often used in recent wireless applications, for stacks of various numbers of conductive nonwoven fabric sheets with different resistivity was evaluated to clarify their possibility as the broadband microwave absorber in the frequency range of 1–15 GHz. The conductive nonwoven fabric sheets coated with polypyrrole nanoparticles, which had resistivities from 4.6 ×103 to 1.2×102 Ω cm, were prepared by immersing nonwoven fabric sheets in solutions containing various concentrations of an oxidizing agent and a dopant and then exposing the sheets to pyrrole vapor. The real part (ε') and the imaginary part (ε'') of complex permittivity for each conductive nonwoven fabric sheet increased with decreasing frequency, indicating the dispersion of permittivity. In addition, the reflection loss decreased when ammonium persulfate concentration increased and/or the stack size increased. However, the stack of two conductive nonwoven fabric sheets (thickness: 6.6 mm) with a resistivity of less than 120 Ω cm had average reflection losses of less than -10 dB in the frequency range of 1–15 GHz. From this way, it can be considered that the stacked conductive nonwoven fabric sheets prepared in this study can be a new material that effectively absorbs electromagnetic waves in the wide frequency range.
Factors Affecting Sporogenic and Myceliogenic Germination of Sclerotia of <i>Colletotrichum coccodes</i> (1997)

Two types of germination were exhibited by Colletotrichum coccodes when sclerotia, placed on moist filter papers in petri plates that were then either not sealed or sealed with Parafilm, were incubated for 5 days at temperatures of 10 to 34°C under a 14-h photoperiod. In sealed plates, germination was primarily myceliogenic; in nonsealed plates, sclerotial germination was only sporogenic. Setose, slightly orange-colored conidial masses were profusely produced on sclerotia at all temperatures greater than 10°C. Hyaline masses of conidia with sparse setae were produced on sclerotia maintained in complete darkness, and no mycelia formed in the sealed plates. In all temperature treatments, the numbers of colony-forming units per 100 sclerotia were greater in nonsealed than in sealed plates and greater under light than in complete darkness.
Unprecedented Rearrangement of 2-(2-Aminoethyl)-1-aryl-3,4-dihydropyrazino[1,2-<i>b</i>]indazole-2-ium 6-oxides to 2,3-Dihydro-1<i>H</i>-imidazo[1,2-<i>b</i>]indazoles (2009)

Easily accessible 2-(2-aminoethyl)-1-aryl-3,4-dihydropyrazino[1,2-b]indazole-2-ium 6-oxides rearranged to 2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-b]indazoles under mild conditions. The rearrangement appeared to be general, tolerated a wide range of functional groups, and provided access to an as yet unexplored class of heterocycles. Herein we report the characterization of these heterocycles.
Mutants of the hepatitis b virus surface antigen that define some antigenically essential residues in the immunodominant <i>a</i> region (1989)

The nature of the immunodominant a region of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) has been examined by mutation of specific amino acid residues. Proline 142 was required for the exhibition of full antigenicity. Replacement of cysteines 124 and 147 by serines drastically reduced or eliminated reactivity with antibodies to HBsAg, which implicates these two residues in stabilising the conformation of the antigen. The a region of HBsAg has also been shown to influence both the immunoreactivity of the adjacent subtype antigenic region, despite being immunologically distinct from it, and the ability of the antigen to interact with a subtype-specific monoclonal antibody. These results emphasise the importance of the polypeptide region between cysteine residues 124 and 147 in determining a antigenicity, as well as manifestation of the subtype of HBsAg, and reinforce the view that these are conformational epitopes.