gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A brief survey of self‐organization in wireless sensor networks (2007)

Abstract Many natural and man‐made systems exhibit self‐organization, where interactions among components lead to system‐wide patterns of behavior. This paper first introduces current, scientific understanding of self‐organizing systems and then identifies the main models investigated by computer scientists seeking to apply self‐organization to design large, distributed systems. Subsequently, the paper surveys research that uses models of self‐organization in wireless sensor networks to provide a variety of functions: sharing processing and communication capacity; forming and maintaining structures; conserving power; synchronizing time; configuring software components; adapting behavior associated with routing, with disseminating and querying for information, and with allocating tasks; and providing resilience by repairing faults and resisting attacks. The paper closes with a summary of open issues that must be addressed before self‐organization can be applied routinely during design and deployment of senor networks and other distributed, computer systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Application of some New Quinolinofurandione Derivatives as Bactericides (1990)

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt <em>Manuscript received 16 April 1990, accepted 19 June 199</em>0 Synthesis and Application of some New Quinolinofurandione Derivatives as Bactericides
<title>Course tracking and contour extraction of retinal vessels from color fundus photographs: most efficient use of steerable filters for model-based image analysis</title> (1998)

To support ophthalmologists in their daily routine and enable the quantitative assessment of vascular changes in color fundus photographs vessel extraction techniques have been improved. Within a model based approach steerable filters have been tested for efficient and precise segmentation of the vessel tree. The global model comprises the detection of the optic disc, the finding of starting points close to the optic disc, the tracking of the vessel course, the extraction of the vessel contour and the identification of branching points. This helps evaluating image quality and pathological changes to the retina and thus, improves diagnosis and therapy. The optic disc location is estimated and then more precisely extracted with the help of a hierarchical filter scheme based on first- order gaussian kernels at varying orientations. Vessel points are automatically identified around the optic disc and the vessel course is tracked in the actual direction by second-order gaussian kernels at varying orientations and scales. Using this backbone, differently oriented first- order gaussian kernels approximate the vessel contour. Thus, the direction and diameter of each vessel segment are determined. Steerable filters enable most efficient implementation. The developed methods have been applied to color fundus photographs showing different levels of diabetic retinopathy.
Generation of single photons from an atom-cavity system (2013)

A single rubidium atom trapped within a high-finesse optical cavity is an efficient source of single photons. We theoretically and experimentally study single-photon generation using a vacuum stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. We experimentally achieve photon generation efficiencies of up to 34$%$ and 56$%$ on the ${D}_{1}$ and ${D}_{2}$ line, respectively. Output coupling with 89$%$ results in record-high efficiencies for single photons in one spatiotemporally well-defined propagating mode. We demonstrate that the observed generation efficiencies are constant in a wide range of applied pump laser powers and virtual level detunings. This allows for independent control over the frequency and wave packet envelope of the photons without loss in efficiency. In combination with the long trapping time of the atom in the cavity, our system constitutes a significant advancement toward an on-demand, highly efficient single-photon source for quantum information processing tasks.
Bacterial Transcription Inhibitor of RNA Polymerase Holoenzyme Formation by Structure-Based Drug Design: From in Silico Screening to Validation (2015)

Bacterial transcription is a proven target for antibacterial research. However, most of the known inhibitors targeting transcription are from natural extracts or are hits from screens where the binding site remains unidentified. Using an RNA polymerase holoenzyme homology structure from the model Gram-positive organism Bacillus subtilis, we created a pharmacophore model and used it for in silico screening of a publicly available library for compounds able to inhibit holoenzyme formation. The hits demonstrated specific affinity to bacterial RNA polymerase and excellent activity using in vitro assays and showed no binding to the equivalent structure from human RNA polymerase II. The target specificity in live cells and antibacterial activity was demonstrated in microscopy and growth inhibition experiments. This is the first example of targeted inhibitor development for a bacterial RNA polymerase, outlining a complete discovery process from virtual screening to biochemical validation. This approach could serve as an appropriate platform for the future identification of inhibitors of bacterial transcription.
Quantification of toxin-encoding mRNA from<i>Clostridium botulinum</i>type E in media containing sorbic acid or sodium nitrite by competitive RT-PCR (2004)

Competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (cRT-PCR) was used to quantify the toxin-encoding mRNA production of a Clostridium botulinum type E strain in media containing either sorbic acid or sodium nitrite. A 10-fold reduction in toxin mRNA production and a 25-fold reduction in the proportion of toxin mRNA to total RNA, was estimated when either 1 mg ml(-1) sorbic acid or 100 microg ml(-1) sodium nitrite were added to the medium at pH 7.0.
Digital beamforming-an emerging technology (2003)

The current status of digital beamforming (DBF) technology is reviewed. Particular attention is given to the advantages of DBF, including improved adaptive pattern nulling, superresolution, self-calibration, and array element pattern correction. DBF implementation is examined, and examples of DBF systems are mentioned.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
International Librarianship (1993)

This bibliometric analysis of the literature in the field of international librarianship is based on the reference patterns in the materials indexed by Library Literature for the years 1958 to 1990. The study is designed to answer four research questions: (1) Based on the existing literature, what disciplines have contributed to international librarianship? (2) How have the contributions of publications in international librarianship fluctuated over the years? (3) What countries have contributed publications in international librarianship? (4) Who are the key/principal individuals who have authored contributions to the international librarianship literature?Citation analysis was used to collect the data for this study. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data and present the results and findings.The major findings of the study are: (1) examination of the interdisciplinarity of the field of international librarianship revealed that the contribution by other disciplines was only 13·02%, suggesting the field is self-sufficient; (2) examination of the fluctuations in the number of publications revealed the contributions fluctuate somewhat erratically; (3) investigation of the geographic distribution of the contributions to the field revealed a dominance by the more industrialized countries, who published the majority of the documents; and (4) indentification of key contributors to the literature determined that the field is extremely insular.
A model for QoS-aware VNF placement and provisioning (2017)

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is a promising solution for telecom operators and service providers to improve business agility, by enabling a fast deployment of new services, and by making it possible for them to cope with the increasing traffic volume and service demand. NFV enables virtualization of network functions that can be deployed as virtual machines on general purpose server hardware in cloud environments, effectively reducing deployment and operational costs. To benefit from the advantages of NFV, virtual network functions (VNFs) need to be provisioned with sufficient resources and perform without impacting network quality of service (QoS). To this end, this paper proposes a model for VNFs placement and provisioning optimization while guaranteeing the latency requirements of the service chains. Our goal is to optimize resource utilization in order to reduce cost satisfying the QoS such as end-to-end latency. We extend a related VNFs placement optimization with a fine-grained latency model including virtualization overhead. The model is evaluated with a simulated network and it provides placement solutions ensuring the required QoS guarantees.
MAFFT: Iterative Refinement and Additional Methods (2013)

This chapter outlines several methods implemented in the MAFFT package. MAFFT is a popular multiple sequence alignment (MSA) program with various options for the progressive method, the iterative refinement method and other methods. We first outline basic usage of MAFFT and then describe recent practical extensions, such as dot plot and adjustment of direction in DNA alignment. We also refer to MUSCLE, another high-performance MSA program.
New therapeutic approaches to cognitive impairment. (1998)

Therapeutic approaches to the cognitive impairment of dementia are making their way into clinical practice. Clinical pharmacologic approaches toward improvement of cognitive symptoms are discussed, with an emphasis on cholinergic approaches, since they currently appear most promising and since several cholinesterase inhibitors may soon be available for prescribing. As more knowledge is gained about dosing, side effects, and mechanisms of action, these drugs can be prescribed more efficiently. Current research approaches to slowing the rate of cognitive decline are discussed, including the use of antioxidants, monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors, and cholinesterase inhibitors. Drugs that improve cognition may also have effects on behavioral symptoms, severe dementia, and non-Alzheimer's dementia. Evidence suggests that some dementia patients may be particularly responsive to intervention and that other medications may enhance response. Psychosocial interventions may also contribute to prolonging the time to institutionalization.
Blind Navigation and the Role of Technology (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Factors Influencing Blind Navigation Technology to Augment Blind Navigation Review of Selected Navigational Technologies
Bioinspired Multifunctional Janus Particles for Droplet Manipulation (2012)

Inspired by the nipple arrays covering mosquitoes' eyes and the heterogeneous textured bumps on beetles' backs, we have developed a new kind of Janus particle with multiplexed features, such as different boss arrays and wettability compartmentalized on the same surface, and an anisotropic color and magnetic properties. The prepared Janus particles can be anchored at the air-water interface and act as a highly flexible barrier for preventing coalescence of water droplets. The incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles can give the Janus particles magnetic responsiveness for controlled transportation and coalescence of liquid marbles, while the structural colors in the Janus particles can be employed for barcoding of the encapsulated liquid marbles. We believe that these small Janus particles have great potential as components for constructing intelligent interfacial objects.
Improved acousto-optic modulators for CO <sub>2</sub> heterodyne laser systems (1983)

Acoustic damping layers of indium on germanium acousto-optic modulators are found to reduce unwanted acoustically delayed modulations of transmitted CO2 laser beams by, typically, 10 dB for the first reflected pulse, the second reflected pulse becomes barely observable; subsequent reflections become unobservably small. A more sensitive monostatic laser radar is therefore obtainable.
Tree-maps: a space-filling approach to the visualization of hierarchical information structures (2002)

A method for visualizing hierarchically structured information is described. The tree-map visualization technique makes 100% use of the available display space, mapping the full hierarchy onto a rectangular region in a space-filling manner. This efficient use of space allows very large hierarchies to be displayed in their entirety and facilitates the presentation of semantic information. Tree-maps can depict both the structure and content of the hierarchy. However, the approach is best suited to hierarchies in which the content of the leaf nodes and the structure of the hierarchy are of primary importance, and the content information associated with internal nodes is largely derived from their children.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tracking citations and altmetrics for research data: Challenges and opportunities (2013)

Abstract Editor's Summary Methods for determining research quality have long been debated but with little lasting agreement on standards, leading to the emergence of alternative metrics. Altmetrics are a useful supplement to traditional citation metrics, reflecting a variety of measurement points that give different perspectives on how a dataset is used and by whom. A positive development is the integration of a number of research datasets into the ISI Data Citation Index, making datasets searchable and linking them to published articles. Yet access to data resources and tracking the resulting altmetrics depend on specific qualities of the datasets and the systems where they are archived. Though research on altmetrics use is growing, the lack of standardization across datasets and system architecture undermines its generalizability. Without some standards, stakeholders' adoption of altmetrics will be limited.
New Media Technology and New Business Models: Speculations on ‘Post-Advertising’ Paradigms (2009)

This article offers some speculations on the challenge that new media technology poses to the concept and practice of advertising, particularly the impact of open-content technology. It canvasses a number of globalising trends, notably Web 2.0 technology and culture, user-generated content, and the industry buzz about emerging business models enabled by 2.0. As digital marketing has taken shape and become more technologically driven than ever, advertising is no longer the only, nor even the primary, source of revenue for new media. Apart from mapping the new terrain, the paper examines some 2.0 revenue models for the purpose of inviting researchers to think beyond the parameters set by plain old advertising. On the methodological front, the paper argues that keeping ourselves abreast of new revenue strategies brings to the fore a number of key areas of investigation hitherto understudied by academic advertising researchers, in particular media technology and digital copyright protocols.
Quality Control by Proteases in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (1998)

Human P-glycoprotein is synthesized in HEK 293 cells as two major products: the 150-kDa core-glycosylated intermediate and the 170-kDa mature proteins. The 150- and 170-kDa proteins were not detected in mutants such as G341C. The major protein in this mutant was a 130-kDa proteolytic degradation product. This result suggested that the mutant protein was misfolded and sensitive to proteolytic digestion during or immediately after synthesis. We found that mutation of Arg113, located in the first extracellular loop of P-glycoprotein and near the consensus glycosylation sites, to Ala, Lys, Glu, Met, or Cys blocked formation of the 130-kDa product. Introduction of R113A into mutant G341C resulted in the synthesis of a mature (170 kDa) and functional transporter. Similarly, when R113A was introduced into misprocessed mutants, there was increased synthesis of the 150-kDa core-glycosylated intermediate. Maturation of the core-glycosylated intermediate into the mature enzyme, however, was not observed. These results suggest that polytopic proteins are accessible to proteases in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum during biosynthesis and that proteases are important contributors to the quality control mechanism involved in protein folding. It is also shown that unstable proteins can be made more stable by removal of hypersensitive proteolytic sites.
Antibiotic effectiveness: Balancing conservation against innovation (2014)

Antibiotic effectiveness is a natural societal resource that is diminished by antibiotic use. As with other such assets, keeping it available requires both conservation and innovation. Conservation encompasses making the best use of current antibiotic effectiveness by reducing demand through vaccination, infection control, diagnostics, public education, incentives for clinicians to prescribe fewer antibiotics, and restrictions on access to newer, last-resort antibiotics. Innovation includes improving the efficacy of current drugs and replenishing effectiveness by developing new drugs. In this paper, I assess the relative benefits and costs of these two approaches to maintaining our ability to treat infections.
Application modeling using reverse engineering techniques (2006)

In this work we present techniques and tools that enable effective reverse engineering procedures for web applications that were developed using the promising ASP.NET technology. We deal with model-driven development in its reverse aspect by implementing reverse engineering methods. Our implemented methods model web applications using a well-known, web oriented and robust language, namely WebML. This is, to the authors' best knowledge, a novel re-engineering transformation. In this paper we propose a method to reverse engineer web applications in order to extract their conceptual model using WebML notation. Moreover, we present an efficient tool we have developed in order to implement the proposed method, along with a study of the application of our tool to an exemplar, content-management web application. The overall results are quite encouraging and indicate that our approach is efficient.
NEW ALGORITHMS FOR POINT PATTERN MATCHING (1999)

Point pattern matching is an important problem in the fields of computer vision and pattern recognition. Its task is to pair up the points in two images when there is a geometric transformation relating the two images. In this paper, several new algorithms are proposed to solve the problem of matching two point sets with the same cardinality under an affine transformation or a similarity transformation. These new algorithms are based on irreducible matrix and relative invariant. Their essential idea is transforming the two dimensional point sets with n points into the vectors of n dimension space. When these vectors are considered as one dimensional point patterns, the original point pattern matching problem is changed from two dimensional form to one dimensional form. All these algorithms aim at reducing the point matching problem to that of sorting vectors in n dimension space as long as the sensor noise does not alter the order of the elements in the vectors. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the new algorithms are effective.
Optical properties of zinc phosphide (1986)

The optical absorption edge of Zn3P2 has been measured by transmittance and photoconductivity at 300 K. The absorption coefficient in both polarizations is shown to follow the expected behavior for indirect gaps at 1.39 and 1.41 eV in parallel and perpendicular configurations. The high-absorption region has been measured in thin single crystals and the absorption coefficient is shown to agree with the optical constants derived from reflectivity for values of the absorption coefficient up to 105 cm−1. The optical properties and the behavior of photoconductivity are discussed in view of possible applications of Zn3P2 to solar energy conversion.
Admission levels of serum Gc-globulin: Predictive value in fulminant hepatic failure (1996)

Gc-globulin scavenges actin released from necrotic hepatocytes to the extracellular space. In 77 patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) (excluding patients treated with liver transplantation), admission levels of serum Gc-globulin and degree of complexing with monomeric actin (complex ratio) were determined to evaluate their predictive values in relation to survival/nonsurvival. Gc-globulin levels were significantly reduced in 47 nonsurvivors, compared with 30 survivors (96 +/- 71 mg/L vs. 169 +/- 101 mg/L, P < .001), whereas the complex ratio in nonsurvivors did not differ significantly from that of survivors. Gc-globulin levels were significantly lower in 59 patients with non-acetaminophen-induced FHF, compared with 18 patients with acetaminophen-induced FHF (P < .01). Using a cutoff level of serum Gc- globulin of 100 mg/L, a lesser value correctly predicted nonsurvival in 79 percent of patients with non-acetaminophen-induced FHF, whereas a higher value predicted survival in 60 percent. In patients with acetaminophen-induced FHF, nonsurvival was correctly predicted in 100 percent of patients and survival in 53 percent. In comparison, the King's College Hospital (KCH) criteria correctly predicted nonsurvival and survival in 69 percent and 57 percent, respectively, of the same non-acetaminophen-induced FHF patients and in 60 percent and 38 percent, respectively, of the acetaminophen-induced FHF patients. Thus, in our study population, the predictive properties of Gc-globulin were in the same range as the KCH criteria. An advantage of Gc-globulin is that it gives an estimate of the outcome already on admission. Acute liver transplantation should be considered in FHF patients with Gc-globulin less than 100 mg/L. (Hepatology 1996 Apr;23(4):713-8)