gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonradioactive in Situ Hybridization Histochemistry in Leukemic and Nonleukemic Culture (1997)

Technical limitations are associated with conducting successful in situ hybridization. In this study, three cell types including a tumor neuroblastoma cell line (Neuro-2a), an oligodendrocyte primary culture, and a nonneuronal acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line (Reh) were used to conduct successful nonradioactive in situ hybridization. Two cDNA probes were used. A 1 kb probe was used to identify the expression of proteolipid protein (PLP) mRNA in a primary culture of oligodendrocytes. A 760 bp cDNA was used to identify the expression of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH-L1) mRNA in Neuro-2a and Reh cells. The probes were labeled with digoxigenin-11-dUTP, denatured, and hybridized with cells fixed on coverslips. The efficiency of the labeling was tested using dot blot analysis by comparing the intensity of our labeled probes with known concentration of the probe labeled by the provider. The nonspecific signals were washed off, followed by detection of a signal specific to the gene. The specificity of the probes was determined by treating the cells with RNase A, hybridizing with bacterial Dig-labeled cDNA (pBR322) and hybridizing the tissues in the absence of labeled probe. During the labeling step, we found that addition of co-precipitants, such as tRNA or glycogen, during precipitation of the labeled probe followed by overnight incubation at -20 C is essential for good recovery of labeled cDNA. Dissolving the labeled probe in a buffer solution containing sodium dodecyl sulfate improves the quantity of the labeling. At the cellular level, prehybridization treatments optimize the permeability of the cell and allow efficient penetration of the labeled probe. Fixing with paraformaldehyde or an ethanol-acetic acid mixture can preserve the structure of cultured cells. To increase the signal to noise ratio, cells were treated with 0.2 N HCl followed by extensive washes using a solution with a high salt concentration and containing dextran sulfate. This treatment significantly improves the signal and reduces the background in cell cultures, but not in tissue sections. The ability to reuse the labeled probe-hybridization mixture is another advantage for using nonradioactive in situ hybridization.
A Life's Journey (2011)

This chapter aims to hook the reader on the lives of poor workers. It begins with a description of the author's visit to high-tech China. It then narrates his own personal story on how he got to where he is today, starting with his experience with mass poverty in Kenya while a graduate student. The chapter concludes by asking the reader to put himself/herself in the shoes of the billions of people in the world who are working hard but working poor.
Spectroscopic Characterization and the Effect of Metal Ions on Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Octasubstituted Calix[4]resorcinarenes (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectroscopic Characterization and the Effect of Metal Ions on Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Octasubstituted Calix[4]resorcinarenesW. C. Moreira, P. J. Dutton, and R. ArocaCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 8, 3137–3144Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00008a045https://doi.org/10.1021/la00008a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views165Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Objective measurement of interpupillary distance. (1969)

A simple objective method of measuring interpupillary distance is described. Normal racial differences in the cephalic index must be considered before diagnosing ocular hypertelorism, and patients should be compared with their own racial norms. Measurement of interpupillary distance has diagnostic value in craniofacial dystoses.
A flexural-plate-wave microbial sensor (2003)

Flexural-plate-wave sensors have been used for the monitoring of the metabolism of gel-immobilized yeast. In one configuration, gel layers directly on the sensor contain the microbes and also prevent non-specific adsorption of proteins and cells onto the sensor surface. In other experiments, sensors have measured the density of solution flowing into and out of a test tube filled with yeast-containing gel beads. From the theoretical sensitivity of flexural-plate-wave sensors to perturbations in liquid density, the authors have related observed frequency shifts to physiological variables.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy (2010)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Sunney Xie; Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy. AIP Conf. Proc. 6 August 2010; 1267 (1): 21. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3482477 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Electromagnetic Reflection from Sound Waves (1960)

The reflection of electromagnetic waves normally incident on the wavefronts of a semi-infinite standing sound wave in a liquid is discussed theoretically. Since the reflecting planes of maximum sound pressure disappear periodically, the reflected electromagnetic signal is modulated with the acoustic frequency. The modulated reflected electromagnetic wave arises (1) from the microscopic movement of the liquid surface, and (2) from the direct analog of Bragg reflection in optics. The second effect is most pronounced when the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation in the liquid is twice the acoustic wavelength.
C. S. LEWIS AND ANDREW LANG (1975)

Journal Article C. S. LEWIS AND ANDREW LANG Get access ROGER LANCELYN GREEN ROGER LANCELYN GREEN Poulton-LancelynWirral, Cheshire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 22, Issue 5, May 1975, Pages 208-b–209, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/22-5-208b Published: 01 May 1975
Performance and safety to NAVSEA instruction 9310.1A of lithium-thionyl chloride reserve batteries (1984)

The design, performance and safety of a fully engineered, selfcontained Li/SOCl2 battery as the power source for underwater applications. In addition to meeting the performance standards of the end user this battery is successfully tested under the rigorous safety conditions of NAVSEA Instruction 9310.1A for use on land, aircraft and surface ships.
Connected ground and floating plane package design and electrical analysis (2002)

A multilayer chip carrier is described which utilizes high density thin film circuitization and polyimide dielectric in both connected ground and floating plane configurations. Processing deltas with respect to product design are also described, and the process efficiencies of the floating reference plane option are highlighted. Electrical models and simulations of both options and actual hardware measurements are presented and are compared to a non ground plane chip carrier design. Results show floating reference plane designs to exceed non-ground plane designs for simultaneous switch noise immunity and system speed. Connected ground plane designs are shown to provide the highest level of package performance. Floating plane products provide an intermediate performance level that may be desirable depending on application conditions and affordable cost.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sound-Proximity: 2-Factor Authentication against Relay Attack on Passive Keyless Entry and Start System (2018)

Passive keyless entry and start system has been widely used in modern cars. Car owners can open the door or start the engine merely by having the key in their pocket. PKES was originally designed to establish a communication channel between the car and its key within approximately one meter. However, the channel is vulnerable to relay attacks by which attackers unlock the door even if the key is out of range. Even though relay attacks have been recognized as a potential threat for over ten years, such attacks were thought to be impractical due to highly expensive equipment; however, the required cost is gradually practical. Recently, a relay attack has been demonstrated with equipment being sold only under $100. In this paper, we propose a sound-based proximity-detection method to prevent relay attacks on PKES systems. The sound is eligible to be applied to PKES because audio systems are commonly available in cars. We evaluate our method, considering environments where cars are commonly parked, and present the recording time satisfying both usability and security. In addition, we newly define an advanced attack, called the record-and-playback attack, for sound-based proximity detection, demonstrating that our method is robust to such an attack.
Digital Video Broadcast - Handheld (DVB-H)-A Mobile Last-Mile Tactical Broadcast Solution (2006)

As the information needs and services of today's Armed Forces grow in size and complexity, providing the necessary transport networks to support broadband services becomes a significant challenge. This is especially true in tactical environments where warfighters often rely on low data-rate tactical networks or bandwidth-constrained terrestrial circuits for last-mile data dissemination. Furthermore, these networks typically cannot support the transport requirements of mobile or dismounted warfighters, a capability which is essential to the nature of their operations. Providing high bandwidth information such as real-time video or high-resolution images and maps to mobile forces would significantly increase situational awareness (SA) and provide broadband digital services to the tactical environment. This last-mile broadband capability could significantly streamline the decision-making cycle horizontally and vertically for a more lethal, agile and effective combat force. DVB-H, a newly released European standard defined to broadcast digital television to mobile handheld devices, is one potential technology that could provide the necessary bandwidth, range, and mobility requirements to transmit information in a wireless, last-mile tactical environment. The projected widespread acceptance of DVB-H technology in Europe, Australia, and throughout the world is expected to create a strong market of interoperable, standards-based products in the near future. Implementing a standards-based commercial-of-the-shelf (COTS) solution will better prepare the DoD in adopting technology advancements in a more timely and cost effective manner. This paper introduces the capabilities and benefits of DVB-H technology and examines how DVB-H can extend current information sources and services to dismounted, mobile warfighters. Specifically, this paper also addresses the design, capabilities, and benefits of a last-mile extension of the global broadcast service (GBS) with a DVB-H network
Outage prediction of digital radio systems (1982)

It is well established that the performance of digital radio systems is often limited by the amplitude and group delay distortions which accompany frequency selective fading, and the concept of the ‘system signature’ has been developed for predicting the outage probability of such systems. The letter presents a new outage prediction technique and introduces the concept of a ‘normalised system signature’ which enables comparisons of modulation schemes and equaliser implementations.
MK 458, A Selective and Potent D2 Receptor Agonist in Advanced Parkinsonʼs Disease (1988)

MK 458 is a potent and selective D2 receptor agonist. MK 458 consists of (+)-4-propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxazine (PHNO) in a hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose-lactose matrix. MK 458, mean dose 8.1 mg (range 2.5 to 13.5 mg), was administered to 14 patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) who were no longer satisfactorily responding to levodopa. The duration of the study was 4 weeks with a titration to maximum dose in 2 weeks. The addition of MK 458 resulted in a mean reduction in levodopa of 41% (range 0 to 81%). This degree of levodopa reduction was not seen in previous studies with other DA agonists. While the reduction in signs of PD was comparable to those on levodopa, MK 458 did not induce dyskinesias or dystonias. It is postulated that MK 458 may be able to replace levodopa as the primary treatment for PD.
Phase plates for wave-aberration compensation in the human eye (2000)

We present a method for manufacturing phase plates to compensate for the wave aberration in the human eye. The wave aberration of the eye is measured in vivo by a new laser ray-tracing method and then compensated for by a phase plate placed in front of the eye. This plate is made from a gray-level single-mask photosculpture in photoresist. Two experiments were carried out, first with an artificial eye and then with a human eye: 80% compensation for the wave aberration was achieved in both cases.
Stereoselective synthesis of cis- and trans-2,6-disubstituted 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyrans based on 1,5-asymmetric induction in reactions between allylstannanes and aldehydes promoted by tin(IV) chloride (1995)

The allyltin trichloride formed by treating [(4S)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-(2-trimethylsilylethoxy methoxy)]pent-2-enyl(tributyl)stannane 9 with tin(IV) chloride, reacts stereoselectively with 2-oxoethyl toluene-p-sulfonate to give the syn-6-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethoxy)hept-4-en-2-ol 10 which was converted into the epoxide 11 by treatment with potassium carbonate in methanol. After replacing the tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether by a benzyl ether, removal of the 2-trimethylsilylethoxymethoxy group using trifluoroacetic acid, gave the 2,6-cis- and 2,6-trans-disubstituted 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyrans 14 and 15, ratio 80:20, which were separated as their tert-butyldimethylsilyl ethers 16 and 17 and characterised as their acetates 18 and 19. The 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyrans 24 and 26, ratio 80:20, were similarly prepared from (4S)-4-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethoxy)pent-2-enyl(tributyl)stannane 21. A complementary route to the trans-2,6-disubstituted 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran 15 was developed from 2-oxoethyl benzoate which gave the syn-hydroxy ether 28 under the usual conditions. Mesylation and ester saponification gave the anti-epoxide 30 and, after replacing the tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether by a benzyl ether, treatment with trifluoroacetic acid gave the 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyrans 14 and 15, in favour of the trans-isomer, ratio 14:15= 20:80. Improved stereoselectivity in these dihydropyran syntheses was obtained if the stannane 9 was treated with butyl glyoxylate in the first step. The cis-2,6-disubstituted 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran 16 was converted into the tetrahydropyran-3-one 37 by hydroboration–oxidation, and into the tetrahydropyran-4-one 43 by treatment with bromine water, reductive debromination and oxidation.
Focus-on-Form and Corrective Feedback in Communicative Language Teaching (1990)

The developing oral English of approximately 100 second language learners (four intact classes) was examined in this study. The learners were native speakers of French (aged 10–12 years) who had received a 5-month intensive ESL course in either grade 5 or grade 6 in elementary schools in Quebec. A large corpus of classroom observation data was also analyzed. Substantial between-class differences were found in the accuracy with which students used such English structures as progressive -ing and adjective–noun order in noun phrases. There was some evidence that these differences (which were not correlated with performance on listening comprehension tests) were due to differences in teachers' form-focused instruction. These findings are discussed in terms of current competing views of the role of form-focused instruction in second language learning.
Cytokine concentrations in the synovial fluid and plasma of rheumatoid arthritis patients: correlation with bony erosions. (1994)

Cytokines are important protein mediators in inflammatory joint diseases. The synovial fluid and plasma concentrations of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-alpha (IF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IF-gamma) were measured by RIA and ELISA in 28 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (5 males and 23 females). Ten patients with knee effusions due to other causes (osteoarthritis, psoriasis, gout, rheumatic fever, systemic lupus erythematosus) were also studied. Eight of the RA patients had erosive disease. The synovial fluid IL-1 alpha and IL-2 concentrations were higher in Group 1 (erosive) [IL-1 alpha: 524 pg/ml (SEM: 127), IL-2: 3.28 ng/ml (SEM: 1.0)] than in either Group 2 (non-erosive) [IL-1 alpha: 241 pg/ml (SEM: 24), IL-2: 1.93 ng/ml (SEM: 0.6)] or Group 3 (non-RA) [IL-1 alpha: 267 pg/ml (SEM: 58), IL-2: 0.35 ng/ml (SEM: 0.6)] (p < 0.003 and p < 0.06 respectively). Plasma IL-1 and IL-2 levels were higher in Group 1 [IL-1 alpha: 408 pg/ml (SEM: 107), IL-2: 4.20 ng/ml (SEM: 1.5)] than in Group 2 [IL-1 alpha 150 pg/ml (SEM: 15), IL-2: 2.58 ng/ml (SEM: 0.7)] or Group 3 [IL-1 alpha: 140 pg/ml (SEM: 11), IL-2: 1.93 ng/ml (SEM: 0.3)] (p < 0.01, p < 0.009 respectively). There were no differences in the IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha levels between groups. These findings suggest that plasma cytokines levels may reflect synovial levels and that IL-1 alpha may play a significant role in erosive joint disease.
Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis: An Up-to-Date Overview (2013)

During the last decades, the effort of establishing satisfactory biomarkers for multiple sclerosis has been proven to be very difficult, due to the clinical and pathophysiological complexities of the disease. Recent knowledge acquired in the domains of genomics-immunogenetics and neuroimmunology, as well as the evolution in neuroimaging, has provided a whole new list of biomarkers. This variety, though, leads inevitably to confusion in the effort of decision making concerning strategic and individualized therapeutics. In this paper, our primary goal is to provide the reader with a list of the most important characteristics that a biomarker must possess in order to be considered as reliable. Additionally, up-to-date biomarkers are further divided into three subgroups, genetic-immunogenetic, laboratorial, and imaging. The most important representatives of each category are presented in the text and for the first time in a summarizing workable table, in a critical way, estimating their diagnostic potential and their efficacy to correlate with phenotypical expression, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, disability, and therapeutical response. Special attention is given to the "gold standards" of each category, like HLA-DRB1∗ polymorphisms, oligoclonal bands, vitamin D, and conventional and nonconventional imaging techniques. Moreover, not adequately established but quite promising, recently characterized biomarkers, like TOB-1 polymorphisms, are further discussed.
Quantum annealing of the traveling-salesman problem (2004)

We propose a path-integral Monte Carlo quantum annealing scheme for the symmetric traveling-salesman problem, based on a highly constrained Ising-like representation, and we compare its performance against standard thermal simulated annealing. The Monte Carlo moves implemented are standard, and consist in restructuring a tour by exchanging two links (two-opt moves). The quantum annealing scheme, even with a drastically simple form of kinetic energy, appears definitely superior to the classical one, when tested on a 1002-city instance of the standard TSPLIB.
Detecting semantic changes in Makefile build code (2012)

Build code in a Makefile represents the build rules with the dependencies among the files, and how they must be built together to produce a software system. As software evolves, its build code evolves as well to accommodate necessary changes in the build process. As part of software maintenance, it is crucial to understand how the build code is changed (e.g. changes in build rules or dependencies), and to verify and validate the correctness of the build process with different build configurations. Due to Make's dynamic nature, understanding and managing the changes to Makefiles is not trivial. In this paper, we introduce a set of semantic changes to build code in Makefiles. We also develop MkDiff, a tool to detect the changes to a Makefile at the semantic level. MkDiff uses symbolic dependency graphs (SDG) to find all possible concrete rules from a Makefile, and the dependencies among them. For two SDGs built from a Makefile at two versions, it first detects changed and unchanged nodes via its SDG matching algorithm. Then, from those results, it derives the semantic changes to the Makefile. Our empirical evaluation for MkDiff showed that it can accurately detect semantic changes in Makefiles.
Flight Test Automation Options (1998)

Abstract : Flight testing is often called the key component of test and evaluation. The cost of conventional flight testing is expected to escalate approaching the 21st century and beyond. Augustine noted several years ago that if this trend continues, a single advanced fighter aircraft would cost more than the entire DoD budget by the middle of next century. As the cost of flight testing continues to escalate in a predicted hostile fiscal environment, it is important to consider options to help minimize flight test cost. Suggestions range from completely eliminating developmental testing to employing a variety of flight test automation options. Flight test automation option concepts range from the fantasy of push a button, the test is done, to the more practical use of a personal computer to help with some repetitive flight test tasks and to help store large amounts of related data. Options to help automate specific aspects of flight testing are starting to gain acceptance. Several test automation options exist that have the potential to enhance flight testing by permitting it to be done better, faster, cheaper, and safer. This paper briefly discusses a variety of flight test automation options including the OSD Automated Test Planning System (ATPS) work to automate the test and evaluation master plan (TEMP), the Army Test and Evaluation Planning and Reporting System (TEPRS), the G&C System work on Test_Plan, the Calspan/Air Force Test Planning, Analysis, and Evaluation System (PAES) program, the Boeing Planning and Reporting Organizer For Test Engineers (PROFITE) program, and the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division Automated Flight Test Engineering System (AFTES) program and high performance computing program on flight test automation.