gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exponential Segregation in a Two-Dimensional Schelling Model with Tolerant Individuals (2017)

We prove that the two-dimensional Schelling segregation model yields monochromatic regions of size exponential in the area of individuals’ neighborhoods, provided that the tolerance parameter is a constant strictly less than 1/2 but sufficiently close to it. Our analysis makes use of a connection with the first-passage percolation model from the theory of stochastic processes.
Regioselective structural and functional mimicry of peptides. Design of hydrolytically-stable cyclic peptidomimetic inhibitors of HIV-1 protease. (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegioselective structural and functional mimicry of peptides. Design of hydrolytically-stable cyclic peptidomimetic inhibitors of HIV-1 protease.G. Abbenante, D. R. March, D. A. Bergman, P. A. Hunt, B. Garnham, R. J. Dancer, J. L. Martin, and D. P. FairlieCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 41, 10220–10226Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00146a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00146a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views328Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Conductivity Mismatch and Voltage Dependence of Magnetoresistance in a Semiconductor Spin Injection and Detection Structure (2009)

This work studies the voltage dependence of magnetoresistance in a semiconductor spin injection and detection structure. The voltage dependence of the spin dependent interface resistance at a ferromagnet semiconductor interface is investigated and spin diffusion models are used to evaluate the voltage dependence of magnetoresistance. We find that the voltage dependence of magnetoresistance is similar to that in magnetic tunnel junctions. Using our model for spin injection in a ferromagnet-oxide-semiconductor junction, the variation of magnetoresistance ratio with semiconductor doping and oxide thickness has been studied.
Medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy: A prospective cohort study of gait, radiographic, and patient‐reported outcomes (2009)

A medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy with correction to approximately neutral alignment produces substantial and clinically important changes in dynamic knee joint load and patient-reported measures of pain, function, and quality of life 2 years postoperatively. Changes in knee adduction moment observed in the first 2 years postoperatively should be explored as potential predictors of longer-term success and subgroups of patients with poor outcomes.
Formal Design Process for FlexRay-Based Control Systems with Network Parameter Optimization (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">FlexRay is a deterministic and fault-tolerant in-vehicle network(IVN) protocol. It is expected to become a practical standard for automotive communication systems. According to the FlexRay protocol specifications, there are about 60 configurable parameters which should be determined in the design phases. The parameters increase the complexities of FlexRay-based control system development. In this study, we are suggesting a formal design process for FlexRay-based control systems, which is focused on network parameter optimization. We introduce design phases from functional system models to implementations. These phases present formal ways for task allocation, node assignment, network configuration, and implementations. In the network configuration phase, two FlexRay core parameters are selected to optimize network design. Optimal methods of the core parameters provide concise guide lines for optimal communication cycle length and optimal static slot length. For the purpose of feasibility test, we have applied the proposed design process to an electronic stability control (ESC) system.</div>
Atom lithography of Fe (2004)

Direct write atom lithography is a technique in which nearly resonant light is used to pattern an atom beam. Nanostructures are formed when the patterned beam falls onto a substrate. We have applied this lithography scheme to a ferromagnetic element, using a 372nm laser light standing wave to pattern a beam of iron atoms. In this proof-of-principle experiment, we have deposited a grid of 50-nm-wide lines 186nm apart. These ultraregular, large-scale, ferromagnetic wire arrays may generate exciting new developments in the fields of spintronics and nanomagnetics.
Wage and Benefit Changes in Response to Rising Health Insurance Costs (2005)

Many companies have defined-contribution benefit plans requiring employees to pay the full cost (before taxes) of more generous health insurance choices. Research has shown that employee decisions are quite responsive to these arrangements. What is less clear is how the total compensation package changes when health insurance premiums rise. This paper examines employee compensation decisions during a three-year period when health insurance premiums were rising rapidly. The data come from a single large firm with a flexible benefits plan wherein employees explicitly choose how to allocate compensation between cash wages and other benefits. Under such an arrangement, higher health insurance premiums must induce changes in the composition of total compensation-either in lower after-tax wages or in decreased contributions to other benefits. The results suggest that about two-thirds of the premium increase is financed out of cash wages and the remaining one-thirds is financed by a reduction in benefits.
Insulin‐like growth factor‐1‐dependent maintenance of neuronal metabolism through the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase–Akt pathway is inhibited by C<sub>2</sub>‐ceramide in CAD cells (2007)

Ceramide is a lipid second-messenger generated in response to stimuli associated with neurodegeneration that induces apoptosis, a mechanism underlying neuronal death in Parkinson's disease. We tested the hypothesis that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) could mediate a metabolic response in CAD cells, a dopaminergic cell line of mesencephalic origin that differentiate into a neuronal-like phenotype upon serum removal, extend processes resembling neurites, synthesize abundant dopamine and noradrenaline and express the catecholaminergic biosynthetic enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase, and that this process was phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K)-Akt-dependent and could be inhibited by C(2)-ceramide. The metabolic response was evaluated as real-time changes in extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) using microphysiometry. The IGF-1-induced ECAR response was associated with increased glycolysis, determined by increased NAD(P)H reduction, elevated hexokinase activity and Akt phosphorylation. C(2)-ceramide inhibited all these changes in a dose-dependent manner, and was specific, as it was not induced by the inactive C(2)-ceramide analogue C(2)-dihydroceramide. Inhibition of the upstream kinase, PI 3-K, also inhibited Akt phosphorylation and the metabolic response to IGF-1, similar to C(2)-ceramide. Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential occurred after loss of Akt phosphorylation. These results show that IGF-1 can rapidly modulate neuronal metabolism through PI 3-K-Akt and that early metabolic inhibition induced by C(2)-ceramide involves blockade of the PI 3-K-Akt pathway, and may compromise the first step of glycolysis. This may represent a new early event in the C(2)-ceramide-induced cell death pathway that could coordinate subsequent changes in mitochondria and commitment of neurons to apoptosis.
Voltage-induced "gating" of bacterial porin as reversible protein denaturation (2004)

General porin OmpF forms water-filled channels in the outer membrane of <i>E. coli </i>bacteria. When reconstituted into planar bilayer lipid membranes, these channels can be closed (or “gated”) by high electric fields. We discover that: (i) channel gating is sensitive to the type of cations in the membrane-bathing solution according to their position in the Hofmeister series; (ii) channel gates to a “closed” state that is represented by a set of multiple sub-conformations with at least three distinctly different conformations contributing to the closed-state conductance histogram. Taken together with the nearly symmetric response to the applied voltage of changing polarity and the hysteresis phenomena reported previously by others and reproduced here, these findings suggest that the voltage-induced closure of the OmpF channel is a consequence of reversible denaturation of the protein by the high electric field. If so, the voltage-induced gating of bacterial porins can serve as an instructive model to study the physics of protein folding at the single-molecule level.
Silver trifluoride: preparation, crystal structure, some properties, and comparison with AuF3 (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilver trifluoride: preparation, crystal structure, some properties, and comparison with AuF3Boris Zemva, Karel Lutar, Adolf Jesih, William J. Casteel Jr., Angus P. Wilkinson, David E. Cox, Robert B. Von Dreele, Horst Borrmann, and Neil BartlettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 11, 4192–4198Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00011a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00011a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views626Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The effects of thermal acclimation on lethal temperatures and critical thermal limits in the green vegetable bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) (2012)

According to geographical distribution, Nezara viridula (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) can be found across tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions and this pattern is assumed to reflect differences in thermal adaptation, particularly in cold tolerance. Here the lethal temperature (LT) and critical thermal limits (CTL) (thermal tolerance) are examined for N. viridula. The upper LT for N. viridula at two contrasting climate locations (Breeza and Grafton, New South Wales, Australia) was 40.3°C with 20% survival under the stress of high temperature. The lower LT did not differ between these two populations and was -8.0°C with 20% survival under low temperature stress. Survival of N. viridula increased after acclimation at high temperature for 7 days. In contrast, when acclimated at lower temperatures (10 and 15°C), survival of Breeza and Grafton N. viridula was lower than 20% at -8.0°C. Control-reared N. viridula adults (25°C) had a mean CT(MinOnset) (cold stupor) of 1.3 ± 2.1°C and a mean CT(Max) (heat coma) of 45.9 ± 0.9°C. After 7 days of acclimation at 10, 20, 30, or 35°C, N. viridula adults exhibited a 1°C change in CT(Max) and a ~1.5°C change in CT(MinOnset). CT(Max) and CT(MinOnset) of Breeza and Grafton N. viridula populations did not differ across acclimation temperatures. These results suggest that short-term temperature acclimation is more important than provenance for determining LTs and CTL in N. viridula.
Renal Biopsy Diagnosis of Clinically Silent Multiple Myeloma (1980)

Acute renal failure due to multiple myeloma is uncommon but may be the presenting feature of the disease. When it occurs, the underlying multiple myeloma is usually easily diagnosed by the presence of a serum M protein, hypercalcemia, skeletal pain, or typical bone lesions. We report here four cases of patients who, at the time they developed acute renal failure, had none of these findings nor any other historical or physical evidence of multiple myeloma. A renal biopsy in all four cases revealed the typical diagnostic features of "myeloma kidney" and led to confirmation of the diagnosis by bone marrow examination. Tamm-Horsfall protein was identified within myeloma casts and the glomerular urinary space, suggesting that tubular obstruction and retrograde urine flow precedes the development of "myeloma kidney" and acute renal failure.
Effect of Carbon Tetrachloride on Thioridazine Action and Metabolism. (1961)

CCI4 treatment was found to increase both lethal and hypothermic potency of thioridazine. The dose of CCI4 employed produced liver damage but no kidney damage. A method is described for determining thioridazine in tissues. Whole body concentrations of this phenothiazine were found to be significantly higher in mice treated with CCI4.
Mechanical properties of the soft contact lens of poly(methyl methacrylate‐<i>N</i>‐vinylpyrrolidone) (1980)

The mechanical properties of the hydrogel membrane of poly(methyl methacrylate-N-vinylpyrrolidone) were studied for the purpose of making soft contact lenses for extended wear. The dependence of tensile fracture energy, flexibility, and recovery from deformation on the water content and thickness of the hydrogel membrane was studied. Reducing the thickness of a lens was found to exert a more advantageous effect than increasing its water content on maximizing the tensile fracture energy under the condition of an adequate supply of oxygen to the cornea through the contact lens. As long as its water content is controlled between 63 and 78%, the contact lens made of poly(methyl methacrylate-N-vinylpyrrolidone) has the flexibility on the same order as that of conventional soft contact lenses of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). The rate of recovery from deformation increases with water content, and the residual elongation is negligible in the range of water content over about 70%. It is concluded that practical requirements for use of these contact lenses, determined by these three mechanical properties, can be satisfied at the same time if the water content of the contact lens is adjusted at about 70%.
Deoxygenation at C-4 and Stereospecific Branched-Chain Construction at C-3 of a Methyl Hexopyranuloside. Synthetic Approach to the Amipurimycin Sugar Moiety (1996)

A five-step synthesis from 3 leading to a partially protected amipurimycin sugar moiety 14 in an overall yield of 47% is described and includes deoxygenation at C-4 and regio- and stereoselective construction of the branched chain. Deoxygenation at C-4 of 3 was possible by three different methods. Radical reduction with tri-n-butyltin hydride of the appropriate phenoxythiocarbonyl derivative afforded the desired deoxysugar 5 in 47% overall yield together with the secondary products 6 and 7 due to depivaloylation at C-2 and elimination of methanol. The most adequate deoxygenation procedure used the system Ph(3)P/I(2)/imidazole which led to the preparation of 5 in one step in 61% yield. When the system Ph(3)PBr(2)/Ph(3)P was tried, only 8 was formed due to elimination of methanol. The synthesis of 5 was then accomplished by reaction of 8 with methanol in the presence of triphenylphosphine hydrobromide in 37% overall yield. Branched-chain construction was accomplished by Wittig reaction of 5 with [(ethoxycarbonyl)methylene]triphenylphosphorane, followed by osmilation and reduction with lithium aluminum hydride. Isopropylidenation of 14 afforded 16 with a free hydroxy group at C-6 for chain elongation and further synthesis of amipurimycin.
Traumatic thyroid hematoma associated with thyroid carcinoma. (2012)

Thyroid hematoma secondary to blunt trauma is uncommon, and no consensus exists for its management. We describe the case of a 46-year-old man who presented with neck swelling after he had sustained a blunt-trauma injury to his neck while playing soccer. Imaging revealed a large mass consistent with a thyroid hematoma. The patient was admitted for observation and followed up with serial imaging. He was eventually discharged without surgical intervention. However, he later underwent a thyroid lobectomy to treat compressive symptoms and for cosmetic reasons. Pathology revealed that the patient had a papillary thyroid carcinoma, which might have predisposed him to the hemorrhage. Thyroid hematoma secondary to blunt trauma has been documented in normal thyroid glands and in glands with preexisting benign pathology, but to the best of our knowledge, no report associating this condition with a thyroid carcinoma has previously been reported in the literature. A neoplasm should be suspected in a case of thyroid hematoma that fails to resolve with conservative treatment. The management of this condition is surgeon- and case-specific, and the overall prognosis is good.
Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures after Hip Arthroplasty (2011)

인공 고관절 치환술에서 발생하는 대퇴 스템 주위 골절 은 인공고관절 치환술의 적응증의 확대로 인공 고관절 치 환술 및 이로 인한 인공 고관절 재치환술의 증가, 낙상의 위험이 있는 고령의 환자의 증가로 점차 증가하는 추세이 다. 특히 낙상의 위험이 있는 고령 환자에서는 골다공증 이 있는 경우 치료는 매우 어렵게 된다. 대퇴 스템 주위 골 절은 일단 발생하면 보통의 골절 치료로는 어려우며, 다양 한 합병증을 유발하고, 인공 고관절 치환술의 장기결과에 악영향을 줄 수 있어 다양한 분류 방법과 치료 방법이 제 시되고 있다. 대퇴 스템 주위 골절은 처음하는 수술에서 0.4%, 재치환술에서 2.1% 정도 나타나는 것으로 보고되 고 있다. 그리고 골절은 크게 수술 중 또는 수술 후 조기에 발생하는 골절과 수술 후 후기에 발생하는 골절로 나뉠 수 있으며, 치료 방법에서 약간의 차이가 있다. 여기에서 인 공 고관절 치환술 후에 발생하는 대퇴 스템 주위 골절의 치료방법에 대해 기술하였다. 수술 후 발생한 대퇴 스템 주위 골절
Outbreaks of Multidrug-Resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in Community Hospitals in Japan (2006)

We previously reported an outbreak in a neurosurgery ward of catheter-associated urinary tract infection with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain IMCJ2.S1, carrying the 6'-N-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase gene [aac(6')-Iae]. For further epidemiologic studies, 214 clinical isolates of MDR P. aeruginosa showing resistance to imipenem (MIC >or= 16 microg/ml), amikacin (MIC >or= 64 microg/ml), and ciprofloxacin (MIC >or= 4 microg/ml) were collected from 13 hospitals in the same prefecture in Japan. We also collected 70 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa that were sensitive to one or more of these antibiotics and compared their characteristics with those of the MDR P. aeruginosa isolates. Of the 214 MDR P. aeruginosa isolates, 212 (99%) were serotype O11. We developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay and a slide agglutination test for detection of the aac(6')-Iae gene and the AAC(6')-Iae protein, respectively. Of the 212 MDR P. aeruginosa isolates, 212 (100%) and 207 (98%) were positive in the LAMP assay and in the agglutination test, respectively. Mutations of gyrA and parC genes resulting in amino acid substitutions were detected in 213 of the 214 MDR P. aeruginosa isolates (99%). Of the 214 MDR P. aeruginosa isolates, 212 showed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns with >or=70% similarity to that of IMCJ2.S1 and 83 showed a pattern identical to that of IMCJ2.S1, indicating that clonal expansion of MDR P. aeruginosa occurred in community hospitals in this area. The methods developed in this study to detect aac(6')-Iae were rapid and effective in diagnosing infections caused by various MDR P. aeruginosa clones.
Colonization of Beef Muscle Surfaces by Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas fragi (1990)

ABSTRACT Attached and unattached cell densities were determined for Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas fragi growing on the surface of beef muscle stored at 4 and 25°C, in presence of NaCl, KCl, and CaCl 2 . A mechanical rinsing procedure was developed for this purpose. Both species colonized the surface at both temperatures and were enhanced at low (4°C) temperature. Attached cells represented up to 90% of the total until a density of 10 5 ‐10 6 CFU cm −2 was reached. At that point, a proportion of attached cells to unattached cells declined but colonization of the surface continued. In presence of CaCl 2 , ratios of attached to unattached cells did not decline, suggesting a significant role for the calcium ion in colonization. Ability to colonize meat surfaces may be a significant competitive advantage for meat spoilage bacteria such as Pseudomonas fragi and Pseudomonas fluorescens.
Main objectives and new aspects of combination treatment of hypertension (1995)

Low-dose drug combinations are generally well tolerated and the treatment of hypertension can be simplified by using fixed-dose combinations. These combinations have the potential to become a valuable alternative in the initiation of antihypertensive therapy.
Fiber-optic vector vibroscope (2012)

A directional vibration sensor based on polarization-controlled cladding-to-core recoupling is demonstrated. A compact structure in which a short section of multi-mode fiber (MMF) stub containing a weakly tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) is spliced to another single-mode fiber without any lateral offset. Multiple core modes of the MMF are coupled at the junction and appear as well defined resonances in reflection from the TFBG. Some of those resonances exhibit a strong polarization and bending dependence. Both the orientation and the amplitude of the vibrations can be determined unambiguously via dual-path power detection of the orthogonal-polarimetric lowest order LP(1n) modes. Meanwhile, the unwanted power fluctuations and temperature perturbations can be referenced out by monitoring the fundamental LP(01) mode resonance.
Predicting pulmonary adenocarcinoma outcome based on a cytology grading system (2011)

In liquid-based preparations, distinctive cytological features of pulmonary adenocarcinoma correlate with levels of histological differentiation and can be combined into a score with prognostic significance.
Synthetic aperture radar imaging of ocean-bottom topography via tidal-current interactions: theory and observations (1985)

Abstract A numerical model has been developed for the purpose of explaining and quantifying the relationship between the SEASAT synthetic aperture radar (SAR)signatures and the bottom topography of the ocean in the Southern Bight of the North Sea and Nantucket Shoals. The model uses environmental data (wind, current and depth changes)and radar system parameters (frequency, polarization, incidence angle and resolution cell size)as inputs and predicts SAR-observed backscatter changes over topographic changes in the ocean floor. The model results compare favourably with the actual SEASAT SAR-observed backscatter values. The comparisons between the model and the actual data are all within 1·5 dB except for one limiting geometry. The model suggests that for bottom features to be visible on SAR imagery, a moderate to high current velocity (0·4 m/s or greater) and a low to moderate wind (between 1·5 and 7·5 m/s) must be present.