gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Statement to Congress, November 4, 1997, (year 2000 computer systems issue) (1998)

Computers; Year 2000 date conversion (Computer systems)
Evaluation of the SonoClot Analyzer for the measurement of platelet function in whole blood. (1992)

A viscoelastometer, the SonoClot Coagulation Analyzer, has been proposed for use in the evaluation of platelet function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate systematically this instrument when used with whole blood. Under laboratory conditions, the coefficient of variation (cv) of determinations of whole blood activated clotting time (ACT) on the instrument was approximately 7.0 percent. In contrast, the cv of measurements on whole blood related to the graphic events associated with clot formation ranged from 9.2 to 41.7 percent. Because of the large and variable cvs associated with these measurements of clotting, the SonoClot Analyzer cannot presently be recommended for use in studies designed to examine quantitatively the clotting function in whole blood.
Complex gradient and Hessian (1994)

The gradient and Hessian are often used in analytical and numerical function optimisation complex valued parameter estimation problems. In a number of signal processing applications the function is a real function of complex variables. Then the optimisation is usually carried out with respect to the real and imaginary part of these variables; therefore, the gradient and Hessian concerned are real. The reason for this approach is to avoid difficulties with the definition and interpretation of the gradient and Hessian with respect to the complex variables. Definitions of a complex gradient and Hessian are proposed to solve these difficulties. The proposed and the real gradient and Hessian are fully compatible and are related by simple linear transformations. The results presented are an extension of a result by Brandwood (1983) concerning a complex gradient.
Rural Home Environment Assessment (1985)

A rural home's physical environment has the potential to cause acute or chronic disease. This article describes an assessment tool which can be used to evaluate the home environment of a rural household. Specifically, emphasis is placed on assessing the adequacy of the water supply, method of sewage disposal, and the source of heating.
Cooperation in Space: Opportunities for Australia (2005)

A presentation providing details about the European Space Agency, and the opportunities for Australia in the field of international space cooperation.
Nineteenth Century Biology Studies in History of Biology 4 William Coleman Camille Limogas (1982)

Nineteenth Century Biology Studies in History of Biology 4, edited by Coleman William Limogas Camille. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, 1979, 198 p., illus., $20.00 (76-47139). Garland E. Allen Garland E. Allen Charles Warren Center, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 32, Issue 4, April 1982, Page 282, https://doi.org/10.2307/1308537 Published: 01 April 1982
Establishment of Transcriptional Silencing in the Absence of DNA Replication (2001)

Transcriptional repression of the silent mating-type loci in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires a cell cycle-dependent establishment step that is commonly assumed to involve DNA replication. Using site-specific recombination, we created a nonreplicating DNA ring in vivo to test directly the role of replication in establishment of silencing. Sir1 was tethered to the ring following excision from the chromosome to activate a dormant silencer. We show here that silencing can be established in DNA that does not replicate. The silenced ring adopted structural features characteristic of bona fide silent chromatin, including an altered level of DNA supercoiling and reduced histone acetylation. In addition, the process required silencing factors Sir2, Sir3, and Sir4 and progression between early S and M phases of the cell cycle. The results indicate that passage of a replication fork is not the cell-cycle event required for establishment of silencing in yeast.
Synthesis and N.M.R. Spectra of Substituted Aminoiodoacridines (1979)

3-Amino-6-iodoacridine (10), 3,6-diiodoacridine (11) and 9-amino-2-ethoxy-6-iodoacridine (14) were prepared by iodide ion substitution of the corresponding diazonium salt whereas 3,6-diamino-4,5-diiodoacridine (12) and 6,9-diamino-2-ethoxy-5-iodoacridine (13) were prepared by direct iodination with iodide ion in the presence of chloramine-T. The latter reaction proceeded in relatively high yield and has been used for the synthesis of high specific activity 125I-labelled compounds (12), (13). The 1H and 13C N.M.R. spectra of (10)-(14) and model compounds indicate higher electron density at C4(C5) than at C2(C7) in 3(6)-amino-substituted acridines in agreement with the observed pattern of electrophilic substitution.
1T-1C FRAM cell reading without reference-voltage generation (2013)

Reading 2T-2C ferroelectric random-access memory (FRAM) cells does not require generating a reference voltage as this architecture is self-referenced. However, this architecture consumes a relatively large silicon area. So, 1T-1C FRAMs are used instead. Reading 1T-1C FRAMs, however, requires generating a reference voltage that is ideally halfway between the bitline voltage generated in case of “0” reading, V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> , and in case of “1” reading, V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> . Then, this reference voltage will be compared with the bitline voltage by a sense amplifier. In this paper, a preview of some of the schemes that does not require generating a reference voltage will be introduced. Then, a novel reading scheme that does not require the generation of a reference voltage and depends on using two cascaded inverters is discussed. The proposed scheme will be simulated for the 0.13 μm CMOS technology and shows a 60% reduction in the read access time for stored “1”. The reduction in the read access time can be attributed to the fact that the output data will be taken at a parasitic capacitance that is much smaller than the bitline parasitic capacitance.
Risk factors of readmission to hospital for a COPD exacerbation: a prospective study (2003)

This is the first study to show a strong association between usual physical activity and reduced risk of readmission to hospital with COPD, which is potentially relevant for rehabilitation and other therapeutic strategies.
The stability and structure of cholesterol-rich codispersions of cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine. (1982)

In order to investigate the structure and stability of cholesterol-enriched dispersions of phosphatidylcholine (PC), cholesterol/dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) mixtures with molar ratios of 4 +/- 0.5/1 to 1/1 were dispersed in water by sonication. These dispersions comprise liposomes and unilamellar vesicles with diameters in the range 200-1800 A. The bilayers which have a repeat distance of 66 A in these particles at 20 degrees C can contain up to 4 mol cholesterol/mol PC when DPPC is used and about half this ratio with egg PC. these dispersions are metastable in that storage at either 4 or 20 degrees C leads to aggregation and precipitation of vesicles; in addition, there is a decrease in the cholesterol/PC molar ratio in the particles and formation of cholesterol monohydrate crystals. Cholesterol is released slowly and PC dispersions containing more than equimolar amounts of cholesterol can be stable for several months. The amount of free cholesterol was determined by differential scanning calorimetry from the heat associated with the transition at 157 degrees C from smectic liquid crystal to liquid cholesterol. Under conditions of gentle mixing, the maximum solubility of cholesterol in DPPC bilayers is 1.0 +/- 0.1 mol/mol PC when the mixture initially contains less than about 3 mol cholesterol/mol DPPC. This is consistent with published equilibrium phase diagrams which show that equimolar PC/cholesterol bilayers are stable in water.
Value-oriented network management (2002)

The value of a network lies in the business services that it provides. The goal of network management is ensuring the availability of these services. While the physical management task entails examination and repair of physical components, it is impossible to effectively maintain these components without explicit representation of services provided and consumed. We present a layered architecture for managing network value. The heart of this architecture is a service model based on a dependency graph whose nodes represent managed objects and edges represent service relationships. Events generated at lower layers of the architecture identify operational state changes in managed objects. These state changes may give rise to alarms that can be viewed at higher (presentation) layers. States propagate from one managed object to another where the service dependency graph identifies a behavioral dependency. Events and alarms representing impacts of a fault elsewhere correlate to the faulty component, focusing attention on root cause faults. Common semantics for expressing managed object state and service dependency allow the use of shared fault management techniques for all levels of abstraction. The presentation layer employs both linear and planar views, facilitating shifting between narrow preoccupation and contextual exploration. A rich filtering capability facilitates effective presentation to different audiences. This architecture has been partially implemented in the commercial Trinity product.
Lead-free bump interconnections for flip-chip applications (2002)

We describe the fabrication and characterization of five types of lead-free solder bumps for flip-chip packaging applications. Pb-free solder bumps were made from Sn, Sn-Bi, Sn-Cu, Sn-Ag, and Sn-Ag-Cu alloys. The Pb-free solder bumps were electroplated in a fountain plating system. Sn-Bi bumps with 80 wt.%Sn-20 wt.%Bi composition and melting point of 200/spl deg/C were fabricated for eutectic Sn-Pb solder bump replacement. Pb-free bumps of Sn (melting point of 232/spl deg/C), eutectic Sn-Cu with composition of 99.3 wt.%Sn-0.7 wt.%Cu (melting point of 227/spl deg/C), and Sn-Ag with eutectic composition of 96.5 wt.%Sn-3.5 wt.%Ag (melting point of 221/spl deg/C) were fabricated as replacements for high melting point high-Pb alloy solder bumps. Sn-Ag-Cu bumps with composition of 95.8 wt.%Sn-3.5 wt.%Ag-0.7 wt.%Cu (melting point of 216/spl deg/C) were fabricated by sequential plating from binary Sn-Cu and Sn-Ag plating solutions. 20/spl times/20 Pb-free solder bump arrays, each of 200 /spl mu/m diameter post-reflow on 400 /spl mu/m pitch, were plated on Al-metallized daisy-chain test wafers. A 5 /spl mu/m thick plated Cu under-bump-metal (UBM) layer was used and the as-plated bumps were reflowed in a 5-zone reflow oven. SEM, EDX and ball shear tests were used to characterize the bumps. The bumps were reflowed multiple times and subjected to ball shear tests to determine mechanical strength. Bumped daisy chain test dice were also flip-chip bonded on FR-4 and BT-epoxy substrates and subjected to die shear tests to determine suitability for FCOB and FCIP applications. The Pb-free solder bump fabrication process and plating chemistries with performance results and electrical/mechanical characteristics are presented.
Efficient parallel inversion using the Neighbourhood Algorithm (2006)

Issues controlling efficient parallel implementations of a popular direct search inversion algorithm are analyzed and discussed. A naive parallelization of a particular method, the Neighbourhood parameter search algorithm, leads to inefficient use of parallel architecture through lack of scalability and intolerance to hardware faults. These factors are quantified, and their origins are explained. A reformulation of the algorithm leads to dramatically improved performance when the cost of the forward problem is low and the number of unknowns is high. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the main results. Factors in the original Neighbourhood Algorithm which lead to poor parallel performance are likely to be present in other ensemble‐based inversion or global optimization algorithms. Hence the algorithmic solutions proposed may have widespread application.
Dynamic management of multi-channel interfaces for human interaction with computer-based intelligent assistants (1990)

For complex man-machine tasks where multi-media interaction with computer-based assistants is appropriate, a portion of the assistant's intelligence must be devoted to managing its communication processes with the user. Since people often serve the role of assistants, the conventions of human communication provide a basis for designing the communication processes of the computer-based assistant. Human decision making for communication requires knowledge of the user's style, the task demands, and communication practices, and knowledge of the current situation. Decisions necessary for effective communication, when, how, and what to communicate, can be expressed using these knowledge sources. A system based on human communication rules was developed to manage the communication decisions of an intelligent assistant. The Dynamic Communication Management (DCM) system consists of four components, three models and a manager. The model of the user describes the user's communication preferences for different task situations. The model of the task is used to establish the user's current activity and to describe how communication should be conducted for this activity. The communication model provides the rules needed to make decisions: when to communicate the message, how to present the message to the user, and what information should be communicated. The Communication Manager controls and coordinates these models to conduct all communication with the user. Performance with DCM as the interface to a simulated Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) control task was established to learn about the potential benefits of the concept. An initial comparison showed no improvement over a keyboard and monitor interface, but provided performance data which exposed the differences in information needed for decision making using auditory and visual communication. This knowledge and related performance data were used to redesign features of the DCM. The redesigned DCM significantly improved all aspects of system performance compared to the keyboard and monitor interface. The FMS performance measures and performance on a secondary task improved, user communication behavior was changed favorably, and users preferred the advanced features of DCM. These types of benefits can potentially accrue for a variety of tasks where multi-media communication with computer-based intelligent assistants is managed with DCM.
A Reference Voltage Self-Correction Method for Capacitor Voltage Offset Suppression of Three-Phase Four-Switch Inverter-Fed PMSM Drives (2022)

This paper proposes a capacitor voltage offset suppression method based on reference voltage self-correction for a three-phase four-switch (TPFS) inverter-fed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system to improve the motor control performance. Firstly, the αβ-axis reference voltage deviation caused by capacitor voltage offset is analyzed, and the relationship between the voltage to be compensated and the offset is obtained. Then, the capacitor voltage offset is calculated according to the motor speed, rotor position, current vector amplitude, and capacitance on the capacitor bridge arm of the TPFS inverter. Finally, the reference voltage is corrected according to the voltage to be compensated and the capacitor voltage offset. This method is simple and easy to implement, and there is no need to add voltage sensors or filters in the system to extract the capacitor voltage offset, and there is no complex parameter adjustment. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments on a 20 kW interior permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Optofluidic Sensor: Evaporation Kinetics Detection of Solvents Dissolved with Cd<sub>3</sub>P<sub>2</sub> Colloidal Quantum Dots in a Rolled‐Up Microtube (2014)

A method for measuring the evaporation kinetics of pure solvents and solutions containing Cd3P2 quantum dots (QDs) in SiO/SiO2 rolled-up microtube (RUT) resonators is reported. The QDs serve as wavelength-tunable fluorescent sources for the RUT resonator. The first-order kinetic constant (295 K) of the evaporation of toluene embedded in a RUT (D = 9.10 μm) is evaluated (0.055 min−1). As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Real-Time Monitoring and Flood Forecasting in Harris County, Texas (1985)

A new automated flood warning system is now serving the 2,700,000 residents of Houston, Harris County, Texas. Real-time rainfall and river level data from more than 90 sensors are automatically transmitted to a microcomputer at the Harris County Flood Control District Offices (HCFCD). Stream status and crest predictions are made available to flood prone citizens in the flat coastal plains of Harris County, covering more than 20 watersheds and 1,740 square miles.
Three-phase PV inverter based on segmentation fuzzy PID control (2014)

The method of three-phase PV inverter has the deficiency such as wave distortion and long adjustment time. Aimed at this situation, we propose a modified fuzzy PID control strategy. According to the characteristics of the running, we devise a modified fuzzy PID controller parameter setting principle, which add the power coefficient to Fuzzy Inference Engine with the error and error rate, to make the dynamic and steady-state performances of the method superior. At last, the simulation and experiment results verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Optimization of process parameters for spray drying of Tongkat Ali extract (2015)

Tongkat Ali extract is well known for its aphrodisiac effect. Apart from that, Tongkat Ali extract also exhibits other therapeutic effects such as cytotoxic, antitumor, anti-pyretic and antimalarial activities. Most dried Tongkat Ali extracts produced in Malaysia are obtained using spray drying as compared to freeze drying because it is a cheaper process that produces dry particles of good quality. However, a major drawback of the manufacturing of Tongkat Ali is the low overall yield of dried Tongkat Ali, which is only about 3%. In this work, the focus was on the spray drying process. The influences of four variables (feed temperature, feed flow rate, air pressure, and air inlet temperature) on the efficiency of spray drying were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the optimum conditions obtained were air inlet temperature of 160°C, feed temperature of 25°C, air pressure of 17.91 psi and feed flow rate of 4.86 ml/min. The efficiency of the spray drying process was 39.6%. The outcomes of this study have provided useful information on the effects of process parameters on the efficiency of the spray drying of Tongkat Ali extract.
Capillary electrochromatography with novel stationary phases: II. Studies of the retention behavior of nucleosides and bases on capillaries packed with octadecyl-sulfonated-silica microparticles (1999)

An octadecyl-sulfonated silica (ODSS) stationary phase specially designed for performing capillary electrochromatography (CEC) at relatively strong electroosmotic flow (EOF) proved useful for the separations of some nucleosides and bases. The ODSS stationary phase is composed of a hydrophilic, negatively charged sublayer to which a nonpolar top layer containing octadecyl ligands is covalently attached. The charged sublayer contains sulfonic acid groups which ensure a relatively strong EOF. Due to the presence of permanently charged sulfonic acid groups in the sublayer, the hydrophilic nature of the sublayer and the hydrophobic character of the top octadecyl layer, retention and selectivity of charged and relatively polar nucleosides and bases on the ODSS stationary phase are based on electrostatic interaction, hydrophilic interaction, and reversed-phase mechanisms. This yielded for the ODSS stationary phase a unique selectivity towards the nucleosides and bases, thus allowing their rapid separation. To gain insight into the chromatographic behavior of nucleosides and bases on the ODSS stationary phase, the results were compared to those obtained on an octadecyl-silica (ODS) capillary under otherwise the same elution conditions. Due to the difference in the nature of the organic layers on the surface of the ODSS and ODS stationary phases, the elution order on both stationary phases differed significantly, and the ODSS capillary proved more suitable for the separation of the nucleosides and bases than the ODS capillary.
Flat panel display prototype using low-voltage carbon field emitters (1995)

A new flat panel display technology is based on low-voltage self-aligned field emission micro-triodes made from graphite material. Experimental displays demonstrated brightness of 130 candelas/m2 at gate voltages in the range 20–50 V and screen bias in the range 300–1000 V. Complete control of brightness was achieved with a small signal of 10–20 V about the gate voltage. The best devices operated at gate voltages of 22 V in the dc and pulse mode; 60%–90% of the emitters worked. The power loss in the gate was less than 20%. Certain design and fabrication ideas may be developed to achieve significantly higher performance of cathodes and displays fabricated with the described technology.
Interaction of ligands with the opiate receptors of brain membranes: Regulation by ions and nucleotides (1978)

This study shows that nucleotides, as well as ions, regulate the opiate receptors of brain. GMP-P(NH)P and Na + reduce the amount of steady-state specific [ 3 H]dihydromorphine binding and increase the rate of dissociation of the ligand from the opiate receptor. In contrast, Mn 2+ decreases the rate of ligand dissociation and antagonizes the ability of Na + to increase dissociation. The effects of GMP-P(NH)P on steady-state binding and dissociation are not reversed by washing. Only GTP, GDP, ITP, and IMP-P(NH)P, in addition to GMP-P(NH)P, increase the rate of dihydromorphine dissociation. The site of nucleotide action appears to have high affinity: <1 μM GMP-P(NH)P produces half-maximal increases in ligand dissociation. GMP-P(NH)P- and Na + -directed increases in dissociation have also been found for the opiate agonists [ 3 H]etorphine, [ 3 H]Leu-enkephalin, and [ 3 H]Met-enkephalin and the opiate antagonist [ 3 H]naltrexone. Mn 2+ -directed decreases in dissociation have been found for the agonist [ 3 H]-etorphine and the antagonist [ 3 H]naltrexone. Although the plasma membrane receptors for a number of other neuro-transmitters and hormones are also regulated by guanine nucleotides, the opiate receptors appear unique because only they show nucleotide regulation of both agonist and antagonist binding.