gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incorporation of wheat starch and coupling agents into poly(lactic acid) to develop biodegradable composite (2011)

Composites of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/wheat starch and PLA/wheat starch/methyldiphenyldiisocyanate, were prepared and characterised in this study. The effects of incorporating different coupling agents on the physical properties and morphology of the composites were studied. Extrusion technology and injection moulding techniques were used to prepare standard tensile and impact test pieces. Tensometry was used to investigate the tensile properties of the composites and impact testing using falling weight technique was used to investigate impact strength. To investigate the thermal behaviour of the composites, differential scanning calorimetry was employed. Water absorption properties of the composites were also investigated. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the morphology of the composites. Starch can be incorporated in a PLA matrix at 10% level without difficulty in processing by extrusion followed by injection moulding to make shaped mouldings in the presence of MDI. With 10% wheat starch and 2% MDI, blends of wheat starch/PLA can reach the tensile strength, elongation, impact strength properties of raw PLA. In the presence of 2% MDI and 10% glycerol, blends of PLA and starch make an entirely flexible material.
Carbon cycle conundrums (2007)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Parsimonious Path Openings and Closings (2014)

Path openings and closings are morphological tools used to preserve long, thin, and tortuous structures in gray level images. They explore all paths from a defined class, and filter them with a length criterion. However, most paths are redundant, making the process generally slow. Parsimonious path openings and closings are introduced in this paper to solve this problem. These operators only consider a subset of the paths considered by classical path openings, thus achieving a substantial speed-up, while obtaining similar results. In addition, a recently introduced 1D opening algorithm is applied along each selected path. Its complexity is linear with respect to the number of pixels, independent of the size of the opening. Furthermore, it is fast for any input data accuracy (integer or floating point) and works in stream. Parsimonious path openings are also extended to incomplete paths, i.e., paths containing gaps. Noise-corrupted paths can thus be processed with the same approach and complexity. These parsimonious operators achieve a several orders of magnitude speed-up. Examples are shown for incomplete path openings, where computing times are brought from minutes to tens of milliseconds, while obtaining similar results.
High-Dose Barium Impaction Therapy for the Recurrence of Colonic Diverticular Bleeding (2014)

High-dose barium impaction therapy was effective in the long-term prevention of recurrent bleeding, and reduced the frequency of rehospitalization and need for blood transfusion and colonoscopic examination. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier, UMIN 000002832.
Generation of cells that ignore the effects of PIP3 on cytoskeleton (2011)

Comment on: Tang M, et al. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:437-47.
A theory of multitask learning for learning from disparate data sources (2003)

Many endeavors require the integration of data from multiple data sources. One major obstacle to such undertakings is the fact that different sources may vary considerably in the way they choose to represent their data, even if their data collections are otherwise perfectly compatible. In practice, this problem is usually solved by a manual construction of translations between these data representations, although there have been some recent attempts at supplementing this with automated algorithms based on machine learning methods. 
This work addresses the problem of making classification predictions based on data from multiple sources, without constructing explicit translations between them. We view this problem as a special case of the problem of multitask learning problem: both intuition and much empirical work indicate that learning can be improved by attacking multiple related tasks simultaneously. However, thus far, no theoretical work has been able to support this claim, and no concrete definition has been proposed for what it means for two learning tasks to be “related.” 
In this work, we introduce a general notion of relatedness between tasks, provide the standard sort of information complexity bound for such tasks, and give general conditions under which this bound is an improvement over standard single task learning results. 
Finally, we apply these results to the problem of learning from disparate data sources. We give a decision tree learning algorithm for this problem for a particular type of data source disparity and demonstrate its empirical success on real data sets.
Effect of Botrytis cinerea Cell Autolyzates on Wine : Application of Botrytis cinerea in Wine Making (II) (1978)

An optimal antitumoral immune response requires the activation of both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T lymphocytes by the peptide antigen presentation via the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II molecules, respectively. The frequency of A1, A26, DR11 alleles are significantly elevated and seem to be the predisposing alleles in RCC, while HLA A29 and DQ1 are the protective alleles and are found more frequently in the healthy group. To investigate the association between renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and the host's immune system, we immunohistochemically examined RCCs in 44 Turkish patients for the expression of class I and class II antigens. We found a significantly higher frequency of the alleles HLA-A1 (p= 0.001), HLA-A26 (p=0.047) and HLA-DR11 (p= 0.03) in RCC patients compared to the control group. The most frequent alleles in the control population were A29, DQ1 (p= 0.004 and 0.002 respectively). We observed no significant difference between patients and controls in HLA-B and HLA-C allele frequency. We conclude that our study found an association between HLA antigens and RCC in Turkish patients. We found a significantly higher frequency of the alleles HLA-A1, HLA-A26 and HLA-DR11in RCC patients compared to the control group. Larger studies are required to confirm these results.
Assistant Anode in a Cathodic Arc Plasma Source (2001)

The performance and characteristics of a cathodic arc plasma source, consisting of a titanium cathode, an anode with and without a tungsten mesh, and a coil producing a focusing magnetic field between the anode and cathode, are investigated. The high transparency and large area of the mesh allow a high plasma flux to penetrate the anode from the cathodic arc. The mesh helps to decrease the arc resistance and the ignition voltage of the cathodic arc in the focusing magnetic field, and to increase the life of the source, which means that the source makes the cathodic arc easily and greatly stabilized during the operation when a focusing magnetic field exists in the source.
Working Parameters of a Magnetostrictive Ultrasonic Sealer Influencing Root Substance Removal In Vitro (1998)

This study assessed defect depth and volume resulting from root instrumentation using a magnetostrictive ultrasonic scaler with a slim scaling tip (P 12) in vitro. Combinations of the following working parameters were analyzed: lateral forces of 0.5 N, 1 N, and 2 N; tip angulations of 0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees; power settings of low, medium, and high; and instrumentation time of 10, 20, 40, and 80 seconds. Defects were quantified using a 3-dimensional optical laser scanner. Lateral force had the greatest influence on defect volume compared to tip angulation and power setting (beta-weights 0.53+/-0.04, 0.17+/-0.04, and 0.19+/-0.04, respectively). Lateral force and tip angulation had similar effects on defect depth, but both effects were greater compared to power setting (beta-weights 0.43+/-0.04, 0.49+/-0.04, and 0.19+/-0.04, respectively). The various combinations of the assessed working parameters showed synergistic effects resulting in a wide range of defect depths (14.1+/-1.7 microm to 410.5+/-51.1 microm) and volumes (0.0084+/-0.0057 mm3 to 1.3+/-0.079 mm3). Severe root damage (defect depth >50 microm) at 40 seconds instrumentation time occurred under most combinations of lateral force, angulation, and power settings. The only exceptions were combinations of: 1) 0 degrees angulation, 0.5 N and 1 N lateral force at any power setting and 2) 45 degrees angulation, 0.5 N lateral force at low and medium power setting. The efficacy of the assessed magnetostrictive ultrasonic scaler may be adapted to the various clinical needs by adjusting the lateral force, tip angulation, and power setting.
Sampled chirped fiber gratings as distributed pressure sensors (2004)

Fiber gratings have been studied for their applications in sensing and communications. Many sensing applications of the uniform fiber Bragg grating, chirped fiber grating and long period grating have been studied, proposed and commercialized. Sampled chirped gratings have been studied for multichannel dispersion compensation in DWDM systems. In this paper, we show that the sampled chirped fiber grating can be used as a distributed pressure sensor. The chirp provides ease of manufacture of many gratings. The sampling results in many small, uniform grating-like structures. This fact can be used to simulate a distributed sensor over the length of the sampled chirped grating. When a surface comes into contact with the sensor, the distribution of the pressure determines the shift in central wavelength of the various sub-gratings. The sub-grating that experiences the maximum pressure will show maximum wavelength shift whereas adjacent sub-gratings will show less shift. This can also give the location of the pressure. The sensor design comprises of a sampled chirped grating embedded in unidirectional fiber-reinforced composite prepreg. The prepreg enhances the mechanical strength and the unidirectional embedding reduces birefringence. The number of layers in the prepreg stack varies the sensitivity. Such distributed pressure sensors can be applied in robotics, ergonomics, and in the biomedical field.
Hyperoxic lung injury in mice: effect of neutrophil depletion and food deprivation. (1988)

Conflicting data exist on the role of neutrophils (PMNs) in the pathogenesis of hyperoxic lung damage. We examined the contribution of PMNs and the contribution of food deprivation, a frequent complication of the methods used to produced neutropenia, to the lung damage that results when mice are exposed to high concentrations of oxygen. Mice were exposed to either 100% oxygen or air for up to 4 days. Neutropenia was induced by a single tail vein injection of nitrogen mustard (NM) given 1 day before the oxygen exposure. Food deprivation, which induced the same weight loss as that found in NM-treated mice, was achieved by withholding food (fasted) during the oxygen exposure. We examined mortality; weight loss; bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL fluid) protein concentration, cell count, and differential count; the number of PMNs in blood; and lung histologic conditions by light and electron microscopy. NM-treated mice lost approximately 25% of their body weight when exposed to either air or oxygen. They also had more severe lung damage than the saline-treated mice during hyperoxic exposure, despite a marked reduction in the number of PMNs in blood, BAL fluid, and lung tissue. Although a correlation was found between the number of blood PMNs and the BAL protein concentration in the nonneutropenic mice (r = 0.69; P less than 0.001), no correlation was seen in the neutropenic mice (r = 0.26). Fasted, oxygen-exposed mice had the same weight loss as the NM mice, but they had more severe lung damage at an earlier time (day 3 vs. day 4) and greater mortality than the saline-treated and the NM-treated mice. These results indicate that PMNs are not required for either the development or progression of hyperoxic lung damage in mice; fasting increases susceptibility to the lung damage; and differences in nutritional status may explain, in part, the controversial role of PMNs in oxygen-induced lung damage.
Novel arabinofuranosyl derivatives of cytosine resistant to enzymic deamination and possessing potent antitumor activity (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel arabinofuranosyl derivatives of cytosine resistant to enzymic deamination and possessing potent antitumor activityM. Bobek, Y. C. Cheng, and A. BlochCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1978, 21, 7, 597–598Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00205a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00205a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wavelength-routing fault detection in an AON testbed utilizing concatenated pilot tones (2004)

Recently pilot tones have been widely deployed as a path supervisory method for optical crossconnects (OXCs). In this work we present a wavelength-routing fault detection scheme for concatenated OXCs in an all-optical network (AON) testbed, in which pilot tones are added to wavelength channels as channel identifiers (CIDs) at input ports. OXC routing errors then can be detected by comparing the CIDs at output ports with the stored routing information. The AON testbed is based on commercially available photonic switches, which support dynamic wavelength switching. At each input port of an OXC, a unique frequency tone is added. We compare the performance of two sets of candidacy pilot frequencies, 101 kHz ~ 117 kHz and 1.01 MHz ~ 1.17 MHz (with 2 kHz and 20 kHz separation respectively). The modulation index is set to 10%. On the output side of each OXC, a modulator is inserted after each output port. We detect the tone after the modulator and feed the amplified, filtered, and inverted signal back to the modulator, for removing the tone. The pilot tones added to all OXCs construct the concatenated wavelength-routing fault detection scheme. This work numerically evaluates the effects of concatenated pilot tones and different pilot frequencies on the overall system performance, e.g., bit error rate or Q-factor. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is feasible and the degradation of system performance due to pilot tones is negligible.
P2‐198: Body mass index as a predictor of MCI‐to‐dementia conversion: A 2‐year prospective study (2010)

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), often considered as an early dementia state, is heterogenous and not all subject with MCI evolve into clinically diagnosed dementia. Low weight (and body mass index) as well as losing weight while in MCI stadium have been proposed as a possible risk factors of MCI-to-dementia conversion. A prospective, 2-year observation of 89 MCI subjects have been conducted. Data on MCI subtype, somatic and neuropsychiatric co-morbidity, and demographic characteristics (including age, gender, education) were gathered. Additionally baseline and yearly BMI were calculated. Data of 83 out of originally included 89 subjects were available after 2 years; 37 of those (32,5%) converted to dementia. On univariate analysis, multiple deficits MCI subtype (as compared to pure amnestic), higher age, the presence of diabetes and apathy, and lower baseline BMI (and losing weight on 2-year follow-up) were associated with conversion to dementia. Variables retained in the multivariate backward stepwise logistic regression model for conversion after 24 months of observation included the lower baseline BMI (OR 0,57; 95% CI: 0,37-0,88), losing weight on 2-year follow-up (OR 1,26; 95% CI: 1,06-1,50) and the presence of apathy. Interestingly baseline BMI did not correlate with the change of BMI on 2-year folllow-up (R = 0,02, p = 0,85). Lower BMI and losing weight on follow-up were found to be independent risk factors of MCI-to-dementia conversion during 2-year observation. Nutritional status assessment, including BMI, should be used as an additional tool in evaluating the risk of dementia. Low BMI and losing weight might be considered symptoms of incipient dementia among MCI subjects.
A Decision Tree Approach to Estimate the Microalgae Production in Open Raceway Pond (2018)

Microalgae are one of the potential biomass to produce biofuel energy. The popular cultivation method of microalgae is using open raceway pond. The open raceway pond is waterway included with paddlewheel. Cultivation microalgae in open raceway pond using water, nutrient, CO2, and maintaining the pH condition. To avoid the contamination from unwanted microalgae, the Algae Biomass and Energy System Research and Development (ABES), University of Tsukuba cultivated the polyculture microalgae to minimize the contamination that make unstable ecosystem in culture. The disadvantages of microalgae culture in open raceway pond is difficult to control the environmental parameter such as temperature and solar radiation. However, the environmental parameter is important in growing microalgae and potential to use as parameter to estimate the growth of microalgae. In This research, we proposed the growth estimation model of microalgae in Open Raceway Pond using the temperature and solar radiation parameter. The growth estimation model developed to estimate the production rate (g/m2/day) using the decision tree model using previous dataset from Minamisoma microalgae pilot plant. The result of this study indicated that decision tree algorithm able to estimate the microalgae production using the temperature and solar irradiance parameter with correlation coefficient 0.89 and RMSE 0.085.
Optimal randomized algorithms for multipacket and cut through routing on the mesh (2002)

Presents a randomized algorithm for the multipacket (i.e. k-k) routing problem on an n*n mesh. The algorithm completes with high probability in at the most kn+O(k log n) parallel communication steps, with a constant queue size of O(k). The previous best known algorithm takes 5/4 kn+O(kn/f(n)) steps with a queue size of O(k f(n)) (for any 1<or=f(n)<or=n). The authors also present a randomized algorithm for the cut through with partial cuts model permutation routing problem for the mesh that completes in at the most kn+O(k log n) steps, with a constant queue size of O(k), where k is the number of flits that each packet is divided into. The previous best result was also randomized and had a time bound of kn+O(kn/f(n)) with a queue size of O(k f(n)) (for any 1<or=f(n)<or=n). The two algorithms presented are optimal with respect to queue size. The time bounds are within a factor of two of the only known lower bound.<<ETX>>
The National COVID Cohort Collaborative: Clinical Characterization and Early Severity Prediction (2021)

This is the first description of an ongoing longitudinal observational study of patients seen in diverse clinical settings and geographical regions and is the largest COVID-19 cohort in the United States. Such data are the foundation for ML models that can be the basis for generalizable clinical decision support tools. The N3C Data Enclave is unique in providing transparent, reproducible, easily shared, versioned, and fully auditable data and analytic provenance for national-scale patient-level EHR data. The N3C is built for intensive ML analyses by academic, industry, and citizen scientists internationally. Many observational correlations can inform trial designs and care guidelines for this new disease.
Measurement of polarization-dependent all-optical nonlinearity in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well waveguides far from the band edge (1990)

The all-optical nonlinearity of a quantum well waveguide is studied by measuring the intensity dependent transmission through a Fabry-Perot cavity formed around the guide. Values for the nonlinear refractive index coefficient, n2 ,at a wavelength of 1.O6mare obtained for light whose polarisation is either parallel or perpendicular to the quantum well layers. A simple measurement to estimate the two photon absorption coefficient, 13 2, using relatively low optical power levels is also described.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF RENAL CELL CARCINOMA WITH EXTENSION INTO THE VENA CAVA (1994)

Between 1985 and 1992, 9 patients (6 men and 3 women), 50-76 years old (mean age 63.6), underwent radical nephrectomy and removal of the tumor thrombus for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma extending into the vena cava at the Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Hospital. Seven tumors were located in the right kidney and two in the left kidney. Three tumor thrombi extended into the vena cava within 2cm (level 1 according to the Novick's classification), 2 extended into the infrahepatic vena cava (level 2), 2 extended into the suprahepatic vena cava (level 3), and other 2 extended into the right atrium (level 4). Two patients had distant metastases preoperatively.The tumor thrombi at the level 1 were removed by venacavotomy with a short duration of surgery and a small amount of blood loss, while in those at the level 2 or 3, both the duration of surgery and the amount of blood loss increased because the mobilization of the liver needed to remove the thrombi. For removing tumor thrombi at the level 4, cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest were applied, resulting in longer duration of surgery but less amounts of blood loss than those at the level 2 or 3. Postoperatively, 2 patients had a renal insufficiency and another 2 had a liver dysfunction. One operative death occurred in this series because of pulmonary embolism.Five of 8 patients (62.5%) are alive for a mean duration of 34 months (8-95 months), while one patient with preoperative metastases died with cancer 4 months after surgery and 2 patients with level 2 thrombus died after 23 and 24 months. The 1-year survival rate was 88% and the 3-year survival rate was 44%.Although the application of modern cardiac surgical techniques leads to safely performing the extensive surgery for the patients with renal cell carcinoma extending into the vena cava, a careful selection of patients is mandatory.