gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and optimization of a hybrid distillation/melt crystallization process (2008)

Abstract Hybrid distillation/melt crystallization processes are widely used for the separation of isomer mixtures. The design of a hybrid separation processes is not a trivial task because of several structural and operational degrees of freedom. In this article, a new three‐step design approach is proposed to address the above mentioned challenges. In the first step, process alternatives are generated by heuristic rules. In the second step, the generated process alternatives are optimized with respect to their energy consumption by using shortcut methods. In the third step, the most promising alternatives are rigorously optimized with respect to their total annualized costs, whereas the resulting mixed‐integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem is solved using a modified generalized benders decomposition (GBD) algorithm to take the nonconvexities into account. The feasibility of this design approach is demonstrated by design of a hybrid distillation/melt crystallization process for separation of a ternary isomer mixture. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
First Measurement of the Radionuclide Purity of the Therapeutic Isotope <sup>67</sup>Cu Produced by <sup>68</sup>Zn(<i>n</i>,<i>x</i>) Reaction Using <sup>nat</sup>C(<i>d</i>,<i>n</i>) Neutrons (2014)

We have for the first time studied the radionuclide purity of the therapeutic isotope 67Cu produced by the 68Zn(n,x)67Cu reaction. The neutrons were obtained by the natC(d,n) reaction using 40 MeV deuterons. We measured the γ-ray spectra of the reaction products produced by bombarding an enriched 68ZnO sample with the neutrons with a high-purity Ge detector. We found that the relative production yields of the impurity radionuclides 64Cu, 65Zn, and 69mZn to 67Cu are extremely low. The result indicates that the 68Zn(n,x)67Cu reaction is the most promising among those proposed routes until now for producing high-quality 67Cu, and could solve a longstanding problem of establishing an appropriate production method for 67Cu.
Validity of the semiclassical approximation and back reaction (1996)

Studying two-dimensional evaporating dilatonic black holes, we show that the semiclassical approximation, based on the background field approach, is valid everywhere in regions of weak curvature (including the horizon), as long as one takes into account the effects of back reaction of the Hawking radiation on the background geometry. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Ligand substitution reactions of iron–molybdenum–sulphur cubane-like cluster dimers; selective halide incorporation (1980)

The complexes [Fe6Mo2S8(SR)9]3–(where R = Et, CH2CH2OH, or CH2Ph) react with PhCOX (where X = Cl or Br) to form the corresponding [Fe6Mo2S8(SR)3X6]3– complex in good yield; 1H n.m.r. spectral studies indicate that selective substitution of the thiolato-groups attached to the iron atoms has been achieved, with the bridging region remaining essentially unchanged.
Phase-transfer function of the human eye and its influence on point-spread function and wave aberration (1988)

The bidimensional phase-transfer function (PTF) of the human eye has been computed from aerial retinal images of a point test. These images were previously determined by using a recently developed hybrid optical-digital method. Actual PTF data have been obtained directly without linear variations with spatial frequency and have shown great variations among individual subjects. The influence of the PTF on the determination of the point-spread function and the wave-aberration function for emmetropized and slightly astigmatic subjects has been also evaluated. Finally, the effect of pupil size on the PTF was determined by computing these functions from the wave aberration. These results allow us to give a more thorough description of the optical image quality of the human eye and can be used as actual data in subsequent psychophysical studies.
Ionization measurements in optically pumped discharges (2000)

The kinetics of ionization and electron removal in optically pumped non-equilibrium plasmas sustained by a CO laser are studied using non-self-sustained dc and RF electric discharges. Experiments in optically pumped CO/Ar/N2 mixtures doped with O2 and NO demonstrated that associative ionization of CO produces free electrons at a rate up to S = 1015 cm-3 s-1. The ionization rate coefficient, inferred from the CO vibrational population measurements, is kion = (1.1-1.8)×10-13 cm3 s-1. It is shown that excited NO and possibly O2 molecules also contribute to the vibrationally stimulated ionization process. In a CO/Ar plasma, applying a dc bias to the cell electrodes resulted in the rapid accumulation of a deposit on the negative electrode due to a large cluster ion current. The average mass of an ion in this plasma, estimated by measuring the mass of the deposit, is m≅250 amu, which is consistent with the mass spectrometer analysis of the deposit. The deposit did not accumulate when small amounts of O2 and NO were added to the CO/Ar plasma, which presumably indicates the destruction of the cluster ions.
A parallel interleaved file system (1990)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rochester. Dept. of Computer Science, 1990.
Standard methods for<i>Apis mellifera</i>venom research (2020)

Honey bees have a sting which allows them to inject venomous substances into the body of an opponent or attacker. As the sting originates from a modified ovipositor, it only occurs in the female insect, and this is a defining feature of the bee species that belong to a subclade of the Hymenoptera called Aculeata. There is considerable interest in bee venom research, primarily because of an important subset of the human population who will develop a sometimes life threatening allergic response after a bee sting. However, the use of honey bee venom goes much further, with alleged healing properties in ancient therapies and recent research. The present paper aims to standardize selected methods for honey bee venom research. It covers different methods of venom collection, characterization and storage. Much attention was also addressed to the determination of the biological activity of the venom and its use in the context of biomedical research, more specifically venom allergy. Finally, the procedure for the assignment of new venom allergens has been presented. Las abejas meliferas tienen un aguijon que les permite inyectar sustancias venenosas en el cuerpo de un oponente o atacante. El aguijon es un ovipositor modificado que solo se manifiesta en el insecto hembra, siendo este una caracteristica que define a las especies de abejas que pertenecen al subclado de himenopteros llamada Aculeata. Hay un interes considerable en la investigacion del veneno de abeja, principalmente debido a que un porcentaje importante de la poblacion humana desarrollara una respuesta alergica - a veces mortal - a la picadura de abeja. Sin embargo, el uso del veneno de la abeja melifera abarca mucho mas, con presuntas propiedades curativas en terapias antiguas e investigaciones recientes. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo estandarizar metodos seleccionados para la investigacion del veneno de las abejas meliferas. Cubre diferentes metodos de recoleccion, caracterizacion y almacenamiento de veneno. Tambien se presto mucha atencion a la determinacion de la actividad biologica del veneno y su uso en el contexto de la investigacion biomedica, mas especificamente la alergia al veneno. Finalmente, se ha presentado el procedimiento para la asignacion de nuevos alergenos de veneno.
Preparation of Uniform Rich Cholesterol Unilamellar Nanovesicles Using CO <sub>2</sub> -Expanded Solvents (2008)

Nanoscopic and uniform unilamellar vesicles, rich in cholesterol, have been prepared by a new procedure, named "DELOS-SUSP", which is based on the depressurization of a cholesterol solution in CO2-expanded acetone into an aqueous solution containing a surfactant. The CO2 is used here as a cosolvent medium, allowing the straightforward preparation of vesicular systems with controlled size distribution, uniform shape, and stability unachievable by conventional mixing technologies. The resulting nanoscopic vesicular systems dispersed in water were characterized using dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, turbidity, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The influence of operational parameters of this new methodology on the physicochemical characteristics of the vesicular systems is also reported.
Synthesis of alkyne complexes of the type Ta(.eta.5-C5Me5)(alkyne)Cl2 and crystal structure of (.eta.5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)(diphenylacetylene)dichlorotantalum (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of alkyne complexes of the type Ta(.eta.5-C5Me5)(alkyne)Cl2 and crystal structure of (.eta.5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)(diphenylacetylene)dichlorotantalumGary Smith, Richard R. Schrock, Melvyn Rowen Churchill, and Wiley J. YoungsCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 2, 387–393Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50216a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50216a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
NLPToolbox: An Open-Source Nonlinear Programming Tool (2009)

Nonlinear programming problems (NLP) solvers require some level of flexibility. This flexibility must be supported on the method choice, on the parameters specification and on the problem modelling. Few of the tools currently available can address this level of flexibility. This paper presents an op
An on-line square rooting algorithm (1978)

An on-line algorithm for computing square roots in a radix 2, normalized floating-point number system with the redundant digit set {-1, 0, 1} is described. The algorithm has on-line delay of one and it is amenable for modular implementation. A systematic approach, used in deriving this algorithm, is presented in detail.
The Reduction of Steroidal Enol Acetates with Lithium Aluminum Hydride and Sodium Borohydride (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reduction of Steroidal Enol Acetates with Lithium Aluminum Hydride and Sodium BorohydrideWilliam G. Dauben, Robert A. Micheli, and Jerome F. EasthamCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 15, 3852–3855Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01135a040RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views210Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (533 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The Critical and Two-Phase Flow of Steam (1961)

The results of a digital computer and analytic study of the critical flow of a compressible fluid are presented in this paper. The expanding flow of a fluid in a single-phase region as well as the expansion of a fluid to a two-phase region is considered and described by analytic expressions relating choking velocity, critical pressure ratio, and flow per unit area characteristics. A comparison is made of the analytic results which assume a constant value of the isentropic expansion exponent, with the digital computer results using the actual properties of steam. All analyses assume the fluid to be in thermodynamic equilibrium. A skeleton Mollier diagram is presented for steam showing the exponent in the wet and superheated regions. The choking velocity is presented in plot form as a function of the inlet conditions as well as state point conditions; critical pressure ratio is presented as a function of inlet conditions. The critical flow per unit area is presented in the form of a factor K plotted versus inlet conditions; this factor K when multiplied by inlet pressure produces the desired value of critical flow.
1- to 10-keV x-ray backlighting of annular wire arrays on the Sandia Z-machine using bent-crystal imaging techniques (2004)

Annular wire array implosions on the Sandia Z-machine can produce >200 TW and 1-2 MJ of soft x rays in the 0.1-10 keV range. The x-ray flux and debris in this environment present significant challenges for radiographic diagnostics. X-ray backlighting diagnostics at 1865 and 6181 eV using spherically-bent crystals have been fielded on the Z-machine, each with a ~ 0.6 eV spectral bandpass, 10 μm spatial resolution, and a 4 mm by 20 mm field of view. The Z-Beamlet laser, a 2-TW, 2-kJ Nd:glass laser (λ=527 nm), is used to produce 0.1-1 J x-ray sources for radiography. The design, calibration, and performance of these diagnostics is presented.
Oxygen Disorder, a Way to Accommodate Large Epitaxial Strains in Oxides (2015)

Strain accommodation in oxide thin films: Density-functional calculations (total-energy comparisons) and checks for negative-frequency phonon modes are employed as a stability indicator to show that, in rutile- and fluorite-structure oxides, e.g., zirconia strained by a strontium titanate substrate, oxygen-sublattice disorder can be the energetically preferred way to accommodate strain.
A device for surface study of confined micron thin films in a total internal reflection geometry (2002)

A device to probe the molecular structure of materials next to a solid interface in a thin film geometry has been developed. The device can produce controlled thicknesses as small as 1 μm with parallelity better than 0.003°. We have shown that the thickness and the parallelity of the film produced between two optical surfaces can be quantified using white light and monochromatic light interferometry, respectively. In addition, this apparatus allows the study of these films in a static state or under shear using spectroscopic techniques involving transmission or reflection measurements.
A Novel Cyclization Reaction of a Hydroxyquinone (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Novel Cyclization Reaction of a HydroxyquinoneHarold E. ZauggCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 24, 6408–6409Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01653a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01653a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and application of carbohydrate capture compounds for selective isolation of lectins and adhesion of cells (2016)

In this thesis trifunctional photocrosslinkers based on glutamic acid were synthesized in six to nine steps, with a yield of up to 19.7 %. As functional groups were used: a) an aromaticazide as photocrosslinker b) LacNAc as a selectivity function and c) a free amine or biotin for immobilization on different surfaces. Compounds containing a free amine were used for selective immobilization of Galectin-3 on NCO-sP(EO-stat-PO) modified microplates building an artificial extracellular matrix. LacNAc is specifically recognizedby Galectin-3 and after non-covalent binding covalently bound to the compound via photocrosslinking with the azide. Galectin-3 connected to a surface by photocrosslinkers remained biofunctional and was able to bind further glycoproteins as demonstrated with Asialofetuin. This system can now be used to develop surfaces for implants to suppress immune reactions of the body. Biotin containing photocrosslinkers, so called capture compounds were used to specifically capture GlcNAc-binding proteins in solution with focus on side reactions occuring between activated azide and proteins. OnBead- and OffBead-capture-experiments were carried out to identify causes for unspecific binding of the capture compounds to proteins. It is shown that proteins bind unspecifically to biotin and are covalently linked to the molecule via the aromatic azide. Further studies now should be carried out to optimize capture compounds and suppress unspecific side reactions to enable the use of capture compounds for reliable decoding of the proteome.
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthesis of Lactams and Spirolactams: Radical Cyclization Induced by Manganese(III) Acetate. (1990)

Abstract The N‐allyl or N‐propargylaminocarbonylcycloalkanones (I), (IV), or (VI) are cyclized upon treatment with manganese(III) acetate to form the spiro‐fused lactams (II) and (III), (V), or (VII).
Research and development needs for desiccant cooling technology 1992--1997. (Supplement to the NREL report, Desiccant Cooling: State-of-the-Art Assessment) (1992)

This report is a supplement to Desiccant Cooling: State-of-the-Art Assessment (NREL/TP-254-4147, DE93000013). In this supplement document we have described a detailed program assuming sufficient funding to implement the R&D activities needed. Desiccant dehumidification is a mature technology for industrial applications, and in recent years the technology has been used for air conditioning a number of institutional and commercial buildings. Our proposal is based on argumentative discussions at various national meetings with leaders of the technology. The goal is the penetration of the broad air conditioning market. This work is funded by the Buildings technology Office of the US Department of Energy.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiosulfonates: Synthesis, Reactions and Practical Applications (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Luminescence of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) dichloride (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLuminescence of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) dichlorideFred E. Lytle and David M. HerculesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 2, 253–257Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01030a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01030a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2756Altmetric-Citations178LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ultrafast polarisation switching in ridge-waveguide laser diodes (1991)

Time resolved polarisation characteristics of 1.3μm GaInAsP/InP-RW lasers are presented, showing the switching behaviour between the TE and TM mode as well as polarisation bistability. A switching time of about 50ps is observed for the transition between TE and TM polarisation under 900MHz current modulation. This is the shortest switching time measured so far.
The Importance of Campylobacter Jejuni to the Meat Industry: A Review (1984)

Campylobacter jejuni is a microorganism that only recently has been implicated in gastroenteritis in humans. As appropriate methods used for detection of the bacterium have been developed, the rates of illness caused by the pathogen were found to approach or surpass those attributed to Salmonella. Substantial evidence has been gathered to document that the route for human infection is through the ingestion of adulterated food and drink. Some slaughter animals harbor this potential pathogen among the intestinal flora and, consequently, transfer of the organism to carcasses and to the resulting meat products does occur. The most frequently implicated meat is poultry, with an incidence of recovery of C. jejuni from the store-bought poultry meat reported to be at least 50%. Red meat from slaughter animals have also yielded this bacterium from carcasses, but at lower incidence levels. Foodborne disease has been associated most frequently with the ingestion of raw milk, but poultry, hamburger, and other foods have all been implicated as potential sources. However, cause and effect relating the presence of C. jejuni in meat and human gastroenteritis has not been demonstrated. Additional research is needed to determine whether C. jejuni isolated from meat causes gastroenteritis and whether all strains of the organism are virulent. Recognition of C. jejuni as a potential meatborne pathogen by the meat industry is necessary, and appropriate sanitary practices to prevent passage of the organism through meat products should be implemented.