gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trends in Monitoring: How to Use Real-Time Data Effectively (2012)

Management Real-time data is not about well control, it is about well control avoidance. Recent catastrophic blowouts have underscored the value of real-time data and, more importantly, they have also underscored the value of having the right kind of experience to understand well data interpretation in real time. What is the well telling us? How do we use real-time data to ensure a stable wellbore? Real-time monitoring integrated with rigorous total well control analysis is required to embrace and achieve continuous improvement and ensure the safest possible environment. Next generation monitoring requires a step change that includes hazards avoidance as a precursor to drilling optimization. Real-time data can be used effectively to avoid, minimize, and better manage drilling and completion operations. They can also provide the foundational support to improve training in the industry as well as develop hands-on simulators for hazards avoidance. The fundamental definition of process safety is that of ensuring containment. In the case of drilling and completion operations, that means well control. Process safety management (PSM), a regulation promulgated by the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration, is an analytical tool focused on preventing release of any substance defined as “highly hazardous.” This concept can be extended to oil and gas well operations within the context of ensuring that the well is constantly under control. The industry has pursued personal safety, which resulted in significant improvement in preventing accidents commonly referred to as “slips, trips, and falls.” Though this is a notable accomplishment, it had no influence on well control episodes, and blowouts remained a frequent occurrence. As well complexity increases, well control events increase disproportionally. Even the term well control, which should be related to the performance of oil well operations in a controlled manner, became more associated with the operations necessary to fix a situation once control was already lost. Often, the industry depends on blowout preventers as execution tools rather than the fail-safe tools they were designed as. If a driver constantly slams on the brakes of a car at high speed, eventually the brakes fail, or at the least, fail to operate in a timely manner or accurately. Real-time data offers the ability to ensure process safety. Fig. 1 shows the relationship between real-time data and its impact on operational outcomes.
Web Image Annotation Based on the Decision Rules Inferred by the Statistical Analysis of Web Pages (2007)

This paper proposes a rule based web image annotation method which improves the precision and recall of annotation by the use of decision tree. This decision tree learns the relationship between images and their annotations based on the proposed 17 attributes that specify the structural relationship between them in HTML documents and the visual characteristics of the images. By converting and pruning this learned tree, a set of rules with high estimated accuracy which determines whether or not a word can be the keyword of an image can be generated. Upon experimental results, the proposed method made 57 rules and the precision and recall of annotation by these rules were about 88% and 95% for the various concepts, respectively. We argue the contribution of this work in two aspects. First, we suggest the clear criteria for precise annotation inferred by the statistical analysis of many web pages. Second, to cope with the deterioration of recall caused by the lack of measure for the visual characteristics, the visual similarity between an image and its concept combines to the attributes that used for tree learning.
GC-MS/Ms Analysis of Benzo(a)pyrene by Ion Trap Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2002)

The mass spectrometry using an ion trap tandem mass spectrometer has been investigated to find optimum conditions for the analysis of benzo(a)pyrene (3,4-benzpyrene). The applicability to a real soil sample was also investigated to verify the usef ulness of the MS/MS (or collision induced dissociation, CID) analysis. The optimum CID condition was 1.5 and 0.45 for the RF excitation voltage and the q value, respectively. For comparison, CID and EI were applied to the analysis of a soil sample. CID analysis was more sensitive than EI analysis of the soil sample. The limit of detection (LOD) of benzo(a)pyrene was 3.18 ng mL-1 and 0.85 ng mL,-1 for EI and MS/MS analysis, respectively. The precision at the soil sample for EI and CID showed relative standard deviations of 6.1% and 4.1%, respectively, and the concentrations were 168 ㎍ kg-1 and 162 ㎍ kg-1 , respectively.
A Real-time Gesture Recognition Algorithm on Video Surveillance (2006)

In this paper we have described a real-time technique for detecting the presence of a hand, and determining hand gestures. The algorithm consists of two steps, the first is to location the hand area and eliminate noise, then seek for angles of the fingers and location of fingertip. With these features, the correct recognition of each fingerspell is achieved. According to the recognition results of difference illumination, the algorithm has a good performance
Detection of stress proteins in Porphyromonas gingivalis and other oral bacteria by Western immunoblotting analysis (1994)

Detection of stress proteins in Porphyromonas gingivalis was investigated by SDS-PAGE and Western immunoblotting procedure using a polyclonal antibody (anti hsp60) and a monoclonal antibody (anti-Dnak). Results indicate that P. gingivalis can elicit a hsp60-like stress protein when submitted to different environmental stresses such as a heat shift from 35°C to 43°C, a pH drop from 7.2 to 6.0 or an increase in oxygen concentration. Virulent and non-virulent strains of P. gingivalis responded the same way. The other bacterial species tested also showed an increased synthesis of a GroEL-like protein after heat shock, as detected by the anti hsp60 antibody. However, the monoclonal anti-Dnak recognized an hsp70-like protein only in two of the tested species.
Initiation of the proton pump of cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase (2010)

Cytochrome c oxidase is the terminal enzyme of the respiratory chain that is responsible for biological energy conversion in mitochondria and aerobic bacteria. The membrane-bound enzyme converts free energy from oxygen reduction to an electrochemical proton gradient by functioning as a redox-coupled proton pump. Although the 3D structure and functional studies have revealed proton conducting pathways in the enzyme interior, the location of proton donor and acceptor groups are not fully identified. We show here by time-resolved optical and FTIR spectroscopy combined with time-resolved electrometry that some mutant enzymes incapable of proton pumping nevertheless initiate catalysis by proton transfer to a proton-loading site. A conserved tyrosine in the so-called D-channel is identified as a potential proton donor that determines the efficiency of this reaction.
DistAl: an inter-pattern distance-based constructive learning algorithm (2002)

Multilayer networks of threshold logic units offer an attractive framework for the design of pattern classification systems. A new constructive neural network learning algorithm (DistAl) based on inter-pattern distance is introduced. DistAl constructs a single hidden layer of spherical threshold neurons. Each neuron is designed to exclude a cluster of training patterns belonging to the same class. The weights and thresholds of the hidden neurons are determined directly by comparing the inter-pattern distances of the training patterns. This offers a significant advantage over other constructive learning algorithms that use an iterative weight modification strategy to train individual neurons. The individual clusters are combined by a single output layer of threshold neurons. The speed of DistAl makes it a good candidate for data mining and knowledge acquisition from very large data sets. Results of experiments show that DistAl compares favorably with other neural network learning algorithms for pattern classification.
Digital filter bank design quadratic-constrained formulation (1995)

Formulate the filter bank design problem as an quadratic-constrained least-squares minimization problem. The solution of the minimization problem converges very quickly since the cost function as well as the constraints are quadratic functions with respect to the unknown parameters. The formulations of the perfect-reconstruction cosine-modulated filter bank, of the near-perfect-reconstruction pseudo-QMF bank, and of the two-channel biorthogonal linear-phase filter bank are derived using the proposed approach. Compared with other design methods, the proposed technique yields PR filter banks with much higher stopband attenuation. The proposed technique can also be extended to design multidimensional filter banks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Monowai Mine Redevelopment Prediction of Groundwater Inflows (1990)

Plans to reopen the previously worked Monowai gold mine in the Coromandel, by driving a new low level adit from Waiomu Stream would cause progressive dewatering of the reef. Analysis of drainage from existing adits indicated that groundwater inflows to the enlarged workings would contain elevated levels of heavy metals and require chemical treatment prior to discharge to Waiomu Stream. To determine likely groundwater inflows into the mine, a conceptual hydrogeological model was established and mine drainage calculated using several methods including a finite difference groundwater model. The treatment plant contingency storage to allow for plant outages was designed using results from the modelling. Finally, the extent of flooding on mine closure and sealing was calculated using the model and results compared with present groundwater levels. This paper presents the results of investigations carried out to support applications for water rights.
Complicaciones urologicas en el transplante reno-pancreatico (2001)

RESUMEN: Introduccion: El Transplante Reno-Pancreatico (TRP) es el tratamiento mas efectivo para la diabetes tipo 1 en insuficiencia renal cronica, ya que el pancreas transplantado protege al rinon transplantado de sufrir la nefropatia diabetica y mejora el estado general evitando las complicaciones cronicas de la diabetes. La derivacion de la secrecion pancreatica exocrina es un punto controvertido, en nuestra experiencia la hemos derivado a la vejiga, siendo el objeto de este trabajo estudiar las complicaciones urologicas ocurridas en nuestros primeros 10 TRP. Material y Metodos: En el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires entre octubre de 1994 y mayo de 1999 se realizaron 10 TRP con pancreas vascularizado. El tiempo promedio de edad al transplante fue de 34,1 anos, 3 pacientes fueron del sexo masculino y 7 del femenino. El tiempo medio de seguimiento fue de 16,7 meses (2-41 meses). La supervivencia actuarial al ano de paciente, rinon y pancreas fue de 79%, 68% y 79% respectivamente. Ambos organos fueron colocados en situacion intraperitoneal, uno en cada fosa iliaca derivando la secrecion exocrina del pancreas a la vejiga anastomosando el duodeno a la vejiga mediante 2 suturas continuas. Resultados: Nueve de los 10 pacientes presentaron complicaciones urologicas y estas fueron 17 episodios de infeccion urinaria en 9, pancreatitis por reflujo en 2, 6 episodios de hematuria en 4, pielonefritis abscedada en 1, fistula tardia duodeno-pancreatica en 3, fistula uretral en 1, litiasis vesical en 1 paciente en 2 ocasiones y linfocele en 2 pacientes. No hemos tenido complicaciones relacionadas con la ureteroneocistostomia, ni hemos tenido que convertir el drenaje exocrino pancreatico al intestino. Conclusiones: • La derivacion exocrina del pancreas a la vejiga condiciona las complicaciones urologicas del TRP siendo el compromiso del urologo vital para el manejo de las mismas. • Las complicaciones pueden ocurrir en cualquier momento despues del transplante, siendo mas comun la aparicion de estas en los primeros meses. • La elevacion de la presion vesical favorece la pancreatitis por reflujo, la fistula urinaria y los sintomas irritativos. • A todo paciente con dolor subito abdominal y/o elevacion de la amilasemia se debe colocar cateter vesical. • Las fistulas resultaron ser las complicaciones de peor pronostico y el sintoma mas comun fue el dolor abdominal. (Rev. Arg. de Urol., Vol. 66, N° 1, Pag. 12, 2001)
<i>In vivo</i> Targeting of Dead Tumor Cells in a Murine Tumor Model Using a Monoclonal Antibody Specific for the La Autoantigen (2007)

La-specific mAb selectively targeted dead tumor cells in vivo, and targeting was augmented by cytotoxic chemotherapy. This novel cell death radioligand may be useful both for radioimmunoscintigraphy and radioimmunotherapy.
BIOREMEDIATION OF SELENIUM IN SOIL AND WATER (1997)

Selenium (Se) contamination of agricultural soils and drainage water in California's San Joaquin Valley has been identified as the cause of death and deformation in migratory waterfowl. Within the last decade, significant research has focused on developing ways of removing Se from impacted soils and waters. Microbially mediated reactions have been identified which may have applications in this regard. These include transformations of soluble, toxic Se oxyanions into less toxic volatile or precipitated forms. This review discusses Se as an environmental contaminant, with emphasis on biotransformations that largely control the behavior of Se in soil/water systems. The major focus is on recent advances related to the development of useful techniques for bioremediation of Se-contaminated soils and water.
Laser beam induced breakdown in helium and argon (1971)

Measurements of the laser radiation power density Pth required to cause ionization growth and breakdown in the pressure ranges 1800 less-than-or-eq, slant p less-than-or-eq, slant 16 000 torr and 200 less-than-or-eq, slant p less-than-or-eq, slant 20 000 torr have been made in helium and argon, respectively. Three Q-switched lasers (ruby, Nd, and dye) were used to investigate the dependence of Pth upon pressure, radiation frequency ω and flash duration 2τ. Values of Pth lie between 1011 W cm−2 at low pressures and 1010 W cm−2 at high pressures.
The Effect of Medium-Fill and Slow-Fill Saline Cystometry on Detrusor Pressure in Infants and Children with Myelodysplasia (1992)

A total of 38 infants and children with myelodysplasia was selected for statistical comparison of the effects of medium-fill and slow-fill saline cystometry on detrusor pressure. Medium-fill cystometry was performed at 20% of estimated bladder capacity per minute (up to 25 cc per minute) and slow-fill cystometry at 2% (up to 2.5 cc per minute). In 26 cases the filling rate did not determine the change in detrusor filling pressure while in 12 the change in detrusor filling pressure was greater than 15 cm. water during medium-fill but not slow-fill cystometry (p = 0.001). In 24 cases the filling rate did not determine the occurrence of maximal detrusor pressure greater than 40 cm. water but in 14 such pressure was noted during medium-fill but not slow-fill cystometry (p = 0.0005). Excluding 10 children with coexisting vesicoureteral reflux, differences in the change of detrusor filling pressure greater than 15 cm. water and maximal detrusor pressure greater than 40 cm. water remained statistically significant (p = 0.01 and p = 0.005, respectively). It is concluded that detrusor pressure can be manipulated by varying bladder filling with saline solution.
Audio feedback for gesture recognition (2002)

A general framework for producing formative audio feedback for gesture recognition is presented, including the dynamic and semantic aspects of gestures. The beliefs states are probability density functions conditioned on the trajectories of the observed variables. We describe example implementations of gesture recognition based on Hidden Markov Models and a dynamic programming recognition algorithm. Granular synthesis is used to present the audio display of the changing probabilities and observed states.
Gynecology case challenge--persistent amenorrhea postpartum. (1998)

A 32-year-old woman does not resume menses even more than a year after the birth of her third child. How would you assess and treat this problem?
Access network selection using combined fuzzy control and MCDM in heterogeneous networks (2007)

In the next generation of heterogeneous wireless networks, selecting the most optimal and promising access network is an important consideration for overall networks stability, resource utilization, user satisfaction, and quality of service (QoS) provisioning. This paper proposes a new and generic algorithm for access network selection in the heterogeneous wireless environments. The proposed algorithm uses a combined fuzzy logic control and multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) system to achieve scalable, flexible, simple, general, and adaptable solution. The first layer of the algorithm uses small fuzzy logic based subsystems, where each subsystem represents one input criteria. The fuzzy logic is used to overcome the complexity and fuzziness associated with the heterogeneous wireless environments and their services and to make the proposed algorithm simpler and more adaptable. In the second layer, the algorithm uses a MCDM technique that takes the first layer output as its input. The MCDM ensures that all of the different characteristics and view points are taken into account when making the radio access network selection.
Impact of the Genome on the Epigenome Is Manifested in DNA Methylation Patterns of Imprinted Regions in Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins (2011)

One of the best studied read-outs of epigenetic change is the differential expression of imprinted genes, controlled by differential methylation of imprinted control regions (ICRs). To address the impact of genotype on the epigenome, we performed a detailed study in 128 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) and 128 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) twins, interrogating the DNA methylation status of the ICRs of IGF2, H19, KCNQ1, GNAS and the non-imprinted gene RUNX1. While we found a similar overall pattern of methylation between MZ and DZ twins, we also observed a high degree of variability in individual CpG methylation levels, notably at the H19/IGF2 loci. A degree of methylation plasticity independent of the genome sequence was observed, with both local and regional CpG methylation changes, discordant between MZ and DZ individual pairs. However, concordant gains or losses of methylation, within individual twin pairs were more common in MZ than DZ twin pairs, indicating that de novo and/or maintenance methylation is influenced by the underlying DNA sequence. Specifically, for the first time we showed that the rs10732516 [A] polymorphism, located in a critical CTCF binding site in the H19 ICR locus, is strongly associated with increased hypermethylation of specific CpG sites in the maternal H19 allele. Together, our results highlight the impact of the genome on the epigenome and demonstrate that while DNA methylation states are tightly maintained between genetically identical and related individuals, there remains considerable epigenetic variation that may contribute to disease susceptibility.
Fetuin ‐ an old friend revisited (1992)

Abstract Bovine fetuin, the first fetal protein to be described, has recently been shown to be a species homologue of a well known human plasma protein ‐ α 2 HS glycoprotein (α 2 HS). The fetuins are now known to be members of the cystatin superfamily. The structural properties of the six fetuins that have been fully sequenced are compared. Despite the structural homology of these proteins, their described properties in the literature make them appear to be quite different. The diverse in vitro properties claimed for fetuin/α 2 HS are reviewed. In vivo , fetuins are involved in the acute phase response. In development, in all species studied so far, fetuins are present in a specific cell population that forms the developing neocortex. The possible functional significance of this distribution is discussed.
Antigenic Analysis of the Major Outer Membrane Protein of <i>Chlamydia</i> spp (1982)

The major outer membrane proteins (MOMPs) of several Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes (B, D, G, H, and L2) and of the C. psittaci meningopneumonitis strain were purified by preparatory sodium dodecyl sulfate-(SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isolated SDS-polypeptide complexes, which varied in their apparent subunit molecular weights, were used as immunogens to raise hyperimmune rabbit antisera. The specificities of these antisera were determined both by rocket immunoelectrophoresis with the soluble SDS-polypeptide complex as antigen and by micro-immunofluorescence with whole organisms. By rocket immunoelectrophoresis, each of the soluble C. trachomatis MOMPs was immunologically related; however, no immunological cross-reactions occurred with the C. psittaci meningopneumonitis polypeptide, indicating that the MOMPs are antigenically distinct among members of these two chlamydial species. The same antisera were highly reactive with intact organisms by micro-immunfluorescence, demonstrating that at least some of the antibodies raised with SDS-polypeptide complexes reacted with native antigenic sites of these surface proteins. By micro-immunofluorescence, anti-MOMP sera remained species specific; but, unlike the results observed by rocket immunoelectrophoresis, distinct differences in the reactivity and specificity of these antisera were observed among C. trachomatis serotypes. C. trachomatis isolates were separated into two distinct serogroups on the basis of their reactivity with anti-MOMP sera. B complex organisms (B, Ba, D, E, F, G, K, L1, L2, and L3) all reacted strongly with anti-MOMP sera of the B, D, G, and L2 serotypes. In contrast, these same antisera were poorly reactive with the C complex serotypes A, C, H, I, and J. Anti-H MOMP serum was the most serospecific, since high-antibody titers were found only against the homologous H serotype organism. These findings indicate that MOMPs of different strains of C. trachomatis are antigenically complex and that antigenic heterogeneity exists among the surface-exposed portions of the protein.
A Method of Control System Design Based upon Partial Knowledge about Controlled Processes (1979)

In this paper a unified method is developed which enables one to design control systems of various types in the situation that the dynamic characteristics of the controlled process are not known perfectly.The control system to be designed is to satisfy the following specifications:(a) It has zero steady-state error.(b) It has adequate damping characteristics.(c) (a) and (b) satisfied, it has a shortest rise-time.For the design, a sequence of parameters is found suitable to represent the dynamics of an element or a system. The sequence is equivalent to that of moments of the impulse response in the sense of I. F. S. (independency from the successors) which plays a fundamental role in the development.The specifications above are also reorganized into a sequence of conditions on the parameters of the control system to be designed.Owing to the I. F. S., any truncated sequences of conditions and parameters give rise to a formula to design a compensator and/or a controller based upon partial knowledge about the controlled process. The formula has a kind of matching property, so that the simpler control mode calls for as less the number of controlled process parameters known.Formulas for the PID and the I-PD control schemes are derived, and some results are demonstrated in step response curves, which show the effectiveness of the method. For an overdamped process, the response speed increases as the number of controller parameters, whereas the damping characteristics remain unchanged. Even for an unstable process, a satisfactory control system is brought about when a sufficient number of controller parameters are employed.