gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Are Your Chemical Products Green?—A Chemical Hazard Scoring System (2010)

Abstract Oil and gas oilwell service companies are currently under pressure from regulatory authorities, environmental groups, oil companies, stock holders, etc., to use "green" chemical products; however, at this time, there is no universally-accepted definition for "green." So how does a service company meet the requirement for using "green" chemical products, when "green" isn't defined? To meet the increasing demand for "green" chemical products, Halliburton has developed a system for scoring the hazards of chemical products. The Chemistry Scoring Index (CSI) is a method for quantifying the environmental, physical, and health properties of chemical products based on the hazards of its components. Each component of the product is scored in the three- hazard categories based on classification criteria from the United Nations' Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) and by additional hazard criteria developed by Halliburton. Each criterion is weighted as to its level of hazard (e.g., a carcinogen receives a higher weight (score) than an irritant). In addition, the score for a component is weighted on the percentage of the component in the product. The score for each component is added to give the product a score for each hazard category. The score from each hazard category is added together to compile a total score for the product. The lower the product score, the lower the Health, Safety, and Environmental (HSE) impact of the chemical product. The score for chemical products in the same usage type are compared to determine the best HSE chemical for the application. The scores are used to promote the use of more HSE responsible chemicals, to help in the development of less hazardous chemical products and to help prioritize products in the company's chemical portfolio. Use of the CSI helps reduce or eliminate hazardous chemicals that can harm human health, safety, and environment.
Thoracic cord compression due to gout: a case report and literature review. (2000)

An 82-year-old man developed progressive weakness of both legs 1 month prior to admission. He reported no previous history of trauma. Spine radiography revealed marked thoracic and lumbar spondylosis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine disclosed segmental stenosis with cord compression at T10-11 due to an extradural soft tissue lesion. Based on a diagnosis of thoracic spondylosis with cord compression, decompression laminectomy was performed. During the operation, fragile chalky-white material was noted over the epidural space, compressing the thoracic cord. The granular lesion was meticulously removed until the dura was identified and the cord was decompressed. Histologic examination of the surgical specimen revealed deposits of needle-like crystals that were consistent with monosodium urate, demonstrating that a gouty lesion of the thoracic spine had caused the cord compression. The patient had previously experienced several attacks of gouty arthritis of his feet. The postoperative serum uric acid concentration was 8.5 mg/dL. After surgery, he was treated with benzbromarone 100 mg per day. He was able to walk 3 months after the operation. A high index of suspicion of gouty involvement of the spine is necessary in patients with gout. Surgical decompression followed by regular administration of antigout drugs can provide satisfactory results.
The substituent effect of 2-R-o-carborane on the photophysical properties of iridium(<scp>iii</scp>) cyclometalates (2016)

A family of heteroleptic iridium(iii) cyclometalates, [4-(2-RCB)ppy]2Ir(acac) (3c-3g; CB = o-carboran-1-yl; ppy = 2-phenylpyridinato-C(2),N; acac = acetylacetonate; R = (i)Pr (3c), (i)Bu (3d), Ph (3e), CF3C6H4 (3f), C6F5 (3g)) with various 2-R substituted o-carboranes at the 4-position in the phenyl ring of the ppy ligand, were prepared. The X-ray crystal structure of all complexes, including 3a (R = H) and 3b (R = Me), showed that while the carboranyl C-C bond distance increases with the increasing steric effect of the 2-R substituent (3a-3d), the bond distance is more likely to be influenced by the electronic effect of the substituent for the 2-aryl substituted complexes (3e-3g). The absorption and emission bands of all complexes were red-shifted with respect to those of the parent (ppy)2Ir(acac) (4). While 3a-3d exhibited intense green phosphorescence with good quantum efficiency in toluene (ΦPL = 0.17-0.47), the complexes were poorly emissive in THF (ΦPL < 0.004). In a PMMA film, however, 3a-3d became substantially emissive (ΦPL = 0.11-0.14, 8 wt% Ir), albeit less emissive than 4 (ΦPL = 0.15). In contrast, the 2-aryl substituted 3e-3g were almost non-emissive in both the solution and solid states. All complexes underwent facile carborane-centered, electrochemical reduction (Eonset = -2.01 to -1.22 V). The potential values of these reductions increased with increases in the electron accepting ability of the 2-R group (H < alkyl < aryl) and were largely shifted anodically with respect to those of 4 and 5-carborane substituted complexes. This reduction behavior of 3a-3g implies that the LUMO contribution of 2-R-o-carborane units increases through the substitution at the 4-position of the ppy ligand and is influenced by the nature of the 2-R group, which may be responsible for facile carboranyl C-C bond variation leading to efficient quenching of the emissive excited states.
Synthesis of well‐defined, brush‐type, amphiphilic [poly(styrene‐<i>co</i>‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐<i>graft</i>‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)]‐<i>b</i>‐poly(ethylene oxide)‐<i>b</i>‐[poly(styrene‐<i>co</i>‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐<i>graft</i>‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)] and its aggregation behavior inaqueous media (2006)

Abstract Brush‐type, amphiphilic [poly(styrene‐ co ‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐ graft ‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)]‐ b ‐poly(ethylene oxide)‐ b ‐[poly(styrene‐ co ‐2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate)‐ graft ‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)] was successfully synthesized via consecutive ring‐opening anionic polymerization, reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and coordination–insertion ring‐opening polymerization (ROP). Two poly (ethylene oxide) macro‐RAFT agents with two 3‐benzylsulfanylthiocarbonylsufanyl propionic acid end groups were prepared by the reaction of Poly(ethylene oxide) with hydroxyl group at two ends [HO–PEO–OH] with 3‐benzylsulfanylthiocarbonylsufanyl propionic acid chloride in the presence of pyridine; their molecular weights were 4840 and 8570 g/mol, and their molecular weight distributions were 1.07 and 1.09, respectively. The obtained macro‐RAFT agents were used to mediate the copolymerization of styrene and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate with 2,2‐azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator and dimethylformamide as the solvent. The hydroxyl groups of the 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate units of the resulting triblock copolymers then initiated the ROP of ε‐caprolactone in the presence of Sn(Oct) 2 at 100 °C in toluene. It was determined that the RAFT process was controllable. The self‐assembled morphologies of the copolymers varied from rods to pearl necklaces and vesicles with an increase in the water concentration in tetrahydrofuran from 22.0 to 25.7, 29.6, and 39.0%, and the morphologies were also dependent on the molecular weight and chain structure of the copolymers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4396–4408, 2006
Thoracic-Disk Protrusions (1965)

Sixty-one cases of surgically verified thoracic-disk protrusions (0.5% incidence) revealed that this condition affected both sexes equally, and that it was most common in patients in the fourth to sixth decade and at the lower four thoracic interspaces. The most common symptoms were pain, motor weakness, numbness, and visceral disturbances. Physical examination often revealed sensory loss, spastic paraparesis, hyperreflexia, and Babinski reflexes. Myelography was the most useful diagnostic aid, giving positive results for an intraspinal mass in 49 of 50 patients. The diagnosis is difficult to make clinically because thoracic-disk protrusion mimics many diseases. The surgical procedure most frequently used was complete laminectomy, and when possible the disk was removed extradurally. Postoperative results in patients with minimal neurological deficit have been gratifying, but in those with severe deficits they have been rather discouraging.
Plant Infection: The Physiological and Biochemical Basis (1983)

Plant infection: the physiological and biochemical basis , Plant infection: the physiological and biochemical basis , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Relative Abundances of the Heavy Nuclei in the Galactic Cosmic Radiation (1962)

For a decade, controversy has persisted over the question: does the galactic cosmic radiation incident upon the top of the atmosphere contain a significant fraction of Li, Be, and B? This question has an important bearing on the age'' of the cosmic radiation and on its propagation through interstellar space. To resolve the problem, an emulsion experiment was designed to provide (a) higher statistical weight, (b) exposure at greater altitude, and (c) verifiable charge identification by employing several independent methods of ionization measurement in emulsions of different sensitivities. The balloon, launched at geomagnetic latitude 41 deg N, on March 9, 1958, floated at an atmospheric depth of 2.7 g/cm/sup 2/ for 71/2 hours. Over 900 tracks were analyzed, and the L tracks (due to Li, Be, and B) were well resolved from the heavier (S) tracks. The ratio (L/S)/sub 0/ at the top of the atmosphere was found to be 0.l8 plus or minus 0.04, and (H/M)/sub 0/ = 0.38 plus or minus 0.04. The value 0.14 is considered a lower limit for (L/S)/sub 0/ since it was obtained by using the extremely large Rochester fragmentation coefficients P/sub HL/ and P/sub ML/ in extrapolating to the top of the atmosphere.more » The results demonstrate conclusively that Li, Be, and B comprise a significant proportion of the heavy primary nuclei, and that their relative cosmic-ray abundance is appioximately 2 x 10/sup 5/ times their relative universal'' abundance. Relative to carbon or oxygen, cosmic-ray nitrogen was found to be about one-half as abundant as previously supposed. (auth)« less
Rhetorical Criticism in the Classroom vs. in Competition: A Consideration of the Impact of Context on Student Scholarship (2010)

A battle has long waged in forensics between those who would define it as an "educational activity" and those who see it first and foremost as a "competitive game." Others have asserted that this dichotomy is a false one, and responded to the question by conflating the two concepts, arguing that competition automatically produces learning while learning paves the road to success. This paper argues that both of these perspectives are flawed, and asserts instead the image of a continuum of choice which is anchored at one end by "pure competition" and at the other by "pure learning." This view considers both ends of the continuum to be chimerical illusions, "pure constructs" which are (virtually) never really embraced in their absolute forms by coaches and students whose actual behaviors fall somewhere on the wide range of positions running across the center of the continuum – but yet also recognizes the constructs of "competition" and "education" as distinct and meaningfully different influences. Understanding this, it is the responsibility of each forensics programs (and the leaders thereof) to develop, in this age of "educational accountability," student learning objectives which consciously make choices among educational/competitive goals as they fashion for themselves a learning profile which serves the best interests of each individual program, the school it represents, the forensics community, and broader civic cultures. This paper applies these general ideas specifically to the competitive event variously titled "Rhetorical Criticism" or "Communication Analysis." Noting the differences between rhetorical criticism as it is practiced by academic scholars and "Rhetorical Criticism" as it is enacted by student competitors, this paper argues that they diverge from each other in terms of such elements as: (1) the artifacts they study, (2) the chronological order in which the steps of scholarship are pursued (and thus also the basis upon which the rhetorical constructs included in the analysis are selected), and (3) the "weighting" accorded to each of the basic elements of the critical essay/speech. As a result of these points of divergence, it is suggested that the forensics community closely examine and consider modifying the ways in which competitive Rhetorical Criticism is practiced.
Cooperative Action of Escherichia coli ClpB Protein and DnaK Chaperone in the Activation of a Replication Initiation Protein (2002)

The Escherichia coli molecular chaperone protein ClpB is a member of the highly conserved Hsp100/Clp protein family. Previous studies have shown that the ClpB protein is needed for bacterial thermotolerance. Purified ClpB protein has been shown to reactivate chemically and heat-denatured proteins. In this work we demonstrate that the combined action of ClpB and the DnaK, DnaJ, and GrpE chaperones leads to the activation of DNA replication of the broad-host-range plasmid RK2. In contrast, ClpB is not needed for the activation of the oriC-dependent replication of E. coli. Using purified protein components we show that the ClpB/DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE synergistic action activates the plasmid RK2 replication initiation protein TrfA by converting inactive dimers to an active monomer form. In contrast, Hsp78/Ssc1/Mdj1/Mge1, the corresponding protein system from yeast mitochondria, cannot activate the TrfA replication protein. Our results demonstrate for the first time that the ClpB/DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE system is involved in protein monomerization and in the activation of a DNA replication factor.
The role of substrates in propagation (2003)

Beschrijving van basiselementen die noodzakelijk zijn bij het stekken van planten zoals de conditie van de moederplant en de samenstelling van het teeltmedium. Gegevens in bijgaande tabel: lijst van de meest gebruikte groeimedia bij de vermeerdering (generatieve en vegetatieve)van plantmateriaal voor de tuin- en bosbouw
Parallel GPU Implementation of Iterative PCA Algorithms (2009)

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a key statistical technique for multivariate data analysis. For large data sets, the common approach to PCA computation is based on the standard NIPALS-PCA algorithm, which unfortunately suffers from loss of orthogonality, and therefore its applicability is usually limited to the estimation of the first few components. Here we present an algorithm based on Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization (called GS-PCA), which eliminates this shortcoming of NIPALS-PCA. Also, we discuss the GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) parallel implementation of both NIPALS-PCA and GS-PCA algorithms. The numerical results show that the GPU parallel optimized versions, based on CUBLAS (NVIDIA), are substantially faster (up to 12 times) than the CPU optimized versions based on CBLAS (GNU Scientific Library).
Aliphatic Fluorine Compounds. (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAliphatic Fluorine Compounds.Earl T. McBeeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 6, 1521Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1959https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01515a071RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (187 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Increased Resource Use Associated with Cathether-Related Blood Stream Infection in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (2000)

Dimick, J B; Pelz, R K; Swoboda, S; Hendrix, C W; Consunji, R; Lipsett, P A Author Information
Effects of xiyanping combined with ambroxol on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2008)

Objective To study the effect of xiyanping combined with ambroxol on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Methods 48 cases of AECOPD were divided into treatment group(26 cases) and control group(22 cases).Regular treatment was given to the two groups,while treatment group was added with xiyanping and ambroxol.Results Significant differences were found in treatment group in the improvement of PaO2,FEV1 and FEV1(%) in pulmonary function and decreased value of PaCO2 after treatment compared with control group.The total effective rate of treatment group were significantly higher than that of control group.Conclusion Xiyanping with ambroxol are effective for the treatment in AECOPD.
Faecal markers in the assessment of activity in inflammatory bowel disease (2002)

The fundamental pathological process behind ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease is intestinal inflammation. As the precise cause of this is not yet completely understood, current treatment strategies are aimed at reducing or eliminating the inflammation. Endoscopic examination and histological analysis of biopsy specimens remain the 'gold standard' methods for detecting and quantifying bowel inflammation; however, these techniques are costly, invasive, and repeated examinations are unpopular with patients. Disease activity questionnaires and laboratory 'inflammatory markers', although widely used, show an unreliable correlation with endoscopy and histology. New markers need to be developed to detect and quantify bowel inflammation. These would be of use diagnostically and also an aid to pharmacological treatment.
FTA 가 한국경제에 미치는 영향에 대한 고찰 (2012)

FTA 는 기업들에게는 일종의 규제완화와 같다. 정부가 해야 할 일은 FTA 의 잠재적 이익을 극대화시키는데 있다. 피해가 예상되는 농업이나 서비스업에 대한 정부 지원은 빠를수록 좋다. 무조건적인 지원은 안 된다. 피해 산업과 계층이 더 나은 부문으로 움직일 수 있도록 지원해야 한다. 정부가 내놓을 대책은 융자나 폐업지원 등 피해 당사자에게 직접 금전적인 지원을 하는 금융보상을 최소화하는 대신 경쟁력을 높일 수 있는 컨설팅, 지식, 기술이전 등의 지원을 해야한다. 중소기업이나 내수 기업들은 기술이나 자본이 약하면 미국 자본과의 제휴 등을 통해 업그레이드해야 하고 생산규모에 경쟁력이 없으면 틈새시장을 노려야 한다. FTA 는 제로섬이 아니라 윈-윈(win-win) 게임이다. 또 산업구조의 개선이나 선진화라는 측면에서 보면 타결이후에 이루어지는 국내규제, 역차별적 규제를 어떻게 개선하느냐가 관건이다. 기업들은 시장변화를 예측하고 전략적인 선택과 집중을 통해 경쟁력을 강화하는 전략이 필요하다.
Optical phase modulation in an injection locked AlGaAs semiconductor laser (1982)

Optical phase modulation by injecting coherent CW light into a directly frequency modulated semiconductor laser is reported. Phase modulation was obtained at up to 800 MHz modulation frequency without distortion for a 1.6 GHz full locking bandwidth. A static phase shift of π took place with a 0.48 mA bias current change in the injection locked laser. Experimental and theoretical results showed that the product of the normalised phase deviation by the frequency deviation and the cutoff modulation frequency is constant.
RASYON PROTEİN SEVİYESİNİN JAPON BILDIRCINLARININ (Coturnix coturnix japonica) BESİ PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ (2002)

Bu deneme, farkli seviyede protein iceren rasyonlarin Japon bildircinlarinin besi performansina etkisini belirlemek icin yurutulmustur. Kuslar, 3000 kkal ME/kg ve % 18, 21, 24, 27 ve 30 HP iceren rasyonlarla 35 gun yemlenmislerdir. Performans ozelliklerine iliskin veriler, optimal rasyon HP seviyesinin % 24 oldugunu gostermistir. Bu denemede % 18, 21, 27 ve 30 HP iceren gruplarin canli agirlik kazanci, yem tuketimi ve yem degerlendirme katsayisi ortalamalari arasindaki farkliliklar onemsiz bulunmustur.
Antiferromagnetically coupled media performance (2003)

Magnetic and recording properties of antiferromagnetically coupled (AFC) media are studied in comparison to conventional media. AFC media have superior magnetic recording properties compared to conventional media in terms of media signal to noise ratio (S0NR) increase and transition pulse width (PW50) reduction. Such improvements are most significant for media with (11.0) texture, small underlayer grain size, and low dispersion of the crystallographic texture. AFC media with (10.0) texture do not perform as well. In particular, AFC media have wider PW50 than conventional media in this orientation. For (11.0) textured media, the large underlayer grain size reduces media SNR improvement of AFC media while exchange field reduction is the major drawback of the deteriorated crystallographic texture.
Adverse Cutaneous Reactions to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole in Patients With the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia (1994)

No clinical or laboratory parameters were found to be predictive of cutaneous reactions. By treating through hypersensitivity, 67% of our patients, who otherwise might have had to stop taking trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, were able to continue this essential drug therapy.
IMF 체제 하의 기업경영전략 (1998)

The Korean government has been implementing the IMF program after the foreign exchange crisis started in December 1997. The Korean economy currently stands at an important cross-road as it faces new challenges. In particular, Korean corporations'' role i
The Effect of Orlistat, an Inhibitor of Dietary Fat Absorption, on the Absorption of Vitamins A and E in Healthy Volunteers (1996)

An open-label, placebo-controlled, randomized, two-way crossover study was performed in 12 healthy volunteers (between 20 and 44 years of age) to assess the effect of orlistat, a gastrointestinal lipase inhibitor that reduces dietary fat absorption and is being developed for weight control in obesity, on the absorption of vitamins A and E. Each participant received a single oral dose of 25,000 IU vitamin A followed 24 hours later by a single oral dose of 400 IU vitamin E on two separate occasions: during oral administration of 120 mg orlistat or placebo three times daily for 9 days. The two treatments were separated by a washout period of at least 2 weeks. Serial blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected at specified times over 24 hours after each dose of vitamin A for determination of serum concentrations of retinol, and over a period of 5 days after each dose of vitamin E for determination of serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Orlistat significantly reduced the absorption of vitamin E (approximately 43% according to maximum concentration and approximately 60% according to area under the concentration-time curve), but not that of vitamin A, at the dose levels studied. The results of this study will aid in the implementation of a vitamin supplementation strategy, should vitamin deficiency occur in patients undergoing orlistat therapy.