gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minocycline plus N-acteylcysteine induces remyelination, synergistically protects oligodendrocytes and modifies neuroinflammation in a rat model of mild traumatic brain injury (2017)

Mild traumatic brain injury afflicts over 2 million people annually and little can be done for the underlying injury. The Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs Minocycline plus N-acetylcysteine (MINO plus NAC) synergistically improved cognition and memory in a rat mild controlled cortical impact (mCCI) model of traumatic brain injury.<sup>3</sup> The underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of the drug combination are unknown. This study addressed the effect of the drug combination on white matter damage and neuroinflammation after mCCI. Brain tissue from mCCI rats given either sham-injury, saline, MINO alone, NAC alone, or MINO plus NAC was investigated via histology and qPCR at four time points (2, 4, 7, and 14 days post-injury) for markers of white matter damage and neuroinflammation. MINO plus NAC synergistically protected resident oligodendrocytes and decreased the number of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Activation of microglia/macrophages (MP/MG) was synergistically increased in white matter two days post-injury after MINO plus NAC treatment. Patterns of M1 and M2 MP/MG were also altered after treatment. The modulation of neuroinflammation is a potential mechanism to promote remyelination and improve cognition and memory. These data also provide new and important insights into how drug treatments can induce repair after traumatic brain injury.
A review of erlotinib and its clinical use (2006)

Erlotinib is an orally available, reversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Encouraging activity as a single agent and in combination with other targeted agents has been demonstrated in Phase II trials in many tumour types. Erlotinib has an established role in the treatment of advanced, refractory non-small cell lung cancer-based on a pivotal trial demonstrating a survival advantage over best supportive care. In a Phase III trial, the addition of erlotinib to gemcitabine improved survival in advanced pancreatic cancer. The toxicity profile of erlotinib includes diarrhoea and rash, with no haematological side effects. Predictive factors for response include the presence of a rash, epidermal growth factor receptor expression and mutation status. This article reviews the current clinical status of erlotinib.
Plant Metabolomics : Methodologies and Databases (2009)

Metabolomics, the time related qualitative and quantitative analysis of metabolome is a new paradigm of research bridging the phenotype-genotype gap and linking gene to function. It has great potential for the improvement of the compositional quality of crops. Metabolomics involves non-biased identification and quantification of all metabolites in a biological system at a specific time and enable large-scale and parallel interrogation of cell states under different stages of development and defined environmental conditions to reveal novel interactions among various pathways using a new array of analytical methodologies and technologies, particularly the GC-TOFMS (Gas Chromatography with Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry) and LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry). FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy provide rapid and non-destructive high-throughput methods. The strategies in metabolomics involve metabolite profiling, metabolic fingerprinting and metabolite target analysis. The success of plant metabolomics depends on collection and preprocessing the data for direct comparison of data sets from comparative analyses; processing and mining the data to extract the components of interest; presenting complex data in a readily understandable way using dedicated visualization strategies and data basing for efficient data storage. Metabolomics rely heavily upon bioinformatics for the storage, retrieval, and analysis of large data sets. Basic tools align, visualize, and differentiate components in large data sets. Individual components are then correlated and placed in metabolic networks or pathways and used to model and simulate pathways for a better understanding of biological and biochemical phenomena and functional genomics in an ecosystem and systems biology as well.
Disc Immuno-Immobilization Method for Simultaneous Typing and Isolation of<i>Salmonella</i>Flagellar Phases (1968)

Salmonella organisms of an unknown serotype are inoculated in the center of a motility agar plate, and paper discs impregnated with antiflagellar antisera are placed in the periphery of the plate. The plate is incubated at room temperature overnight. During this time, the bacteria spread in a widening circle toward the discs, while the antiserum from each disc, in turn, diffuses centrifugally. When the motile organisms encounter an antiserum reacting with their flagella, they are immobilized. A semicircular line of immobilization is noted around the reactive antiserum disc. Eleven different Salmonella isolates were typed in duplicate by a standard method and by the immuno-immobilization method. Results obtained by the two methods were essentially identical. Simultaneously, single phases were isolated from the zone between the immobilization line and its antiserum disc. Isolates from this region were of the phase not immobilized by the antiserum disc. The dried discs, prepared in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer and stored at 4 C, were stable for at least 5 months. The method can be used for the study of relatedness of surface antigens of motile, growing bacteria, thus circumventing the need for solubilization of these antigens. The results obtained can be interpreted in a similar fashion to the "identity"-"nonidentity" lines of the Ochterlony double-diffusion technique for soluble antigens.
Poly(<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-dichloro-<i>N</i>-ethylbenzene-1,3-disulfonamide)and <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′,<i>N</i>′-Tetrachlorobenzene-1,3-disulfonamideas Novel Reagents for the Synthesis of <b><i>N</i></b>-Chloroamines,Nitriles and Aldehydes (2009)

The applications of poly(N,N′-dichloro-N-ethylbenzene-1,3-disulfonamide) (PCBS) and N,N,N′,N′-tetrachlorobenzene-1,3-disulfonamide (TCBDA) as novel reagents for the preparation of N,N-dichloroamines, nitriles, and aldehydes from primary amines under various conditions are described. Also, a simple and effective procedure for the direct oxidative conversion of primary alcohols into nitriles was successfully carried out with TCBDA and PCBS in aqueous ammonia.
The Nutritional Values and Food Group Characteristics of Foods Preferred During Various Emotions (1982)

One hundred university students were asked to indicate the foods they would prefer when experiencing 22 common emotions. The preferences were categorized in terms of nutritional values and were also tallied in terms of the four basic food groups. Application of Cochran's Q Test showed that there were highly significant differences among emotions in the frequencies of preferences for foods of different nutritional values and the frequencies of preferences among the food groups. The chi square test showed that for all but eight emotions, the frequencies were significantly larger for healthy than for junk foods. The results are discussed with reference to emotional needs and diet selection.
Experimental flutter and buffet suppression of a sectional suspended-bridge (2014)

This paper conducts flutter and buffet suppression of a section of a long-span bridge deck mounted elastically across a wind tunnel working section. The incident stream turbulence for buffet tests is generated by a standard biplanar grid. The bridge deck response in its two major degrees of freedom, heave and pitch. A mechanical flutter control system is developed which senses the vertical velocity of flap pivots and adjusts the leading and trailing-edge flap angles accordingly. The wind tunnel experiments show that the mechanical flutter control system can not only increase the critical flutter speed of the bridge deck but also can suppress the buffeting greatly.
The association between “Brain‐Age Score” (<scp>BAS</scp>) and traditional neuropsychological screening tools in Alzheimer's disease (2018)

The BAS may be useful for diagnosing the brain atrophy level and can be a reliable automated index for clinical applications and neuropsychological screening tools.
Sendai virus infection in genetically resistant and susceptible mice. (1981)

The pathogenesis of Sendai virus infection in genetically resistant (C57Bl/6) and susceptible (DBA/2) nonimmune adult mice was investigated. Rising serum complement-fixation (CF) antibody titers were delayed in DBA/2 mice as compared with C57Bl/6 mice. C57Bl/6 mice developed descending desquamative endobronchiolitis, and DBA/2 mice developed descending proliferative endobronchiolitis and bronchogenic alveolitis. Peribronchiolar lymphoid cuffs that formed in C57Bl/6 mice were thicker and more densely populated than those of DBA/2 mice. Immunofluorescence demonstrated viral antigens confined to the epithelial lining of conducting airways in C57Bl/6 mice but extending to alveolar corner cells in DBA/2 mice. Studies with a transmission electron microscope confirmed that Type II pneumocytes were infected only in DBA/2 mice. IgG-containing cells selectively accumulated along the airways of both strains, but fewer were recruited by DBA/2 mice. These results suggest that genetic resistance to Sendai virus is expressed through the immune system.
Resting Distribution and Stimulated Translocation of Protein Kinase C Isoforms Alpha, Epsilon and Zeta in Response to Bradykinin and TNF in Human Endothelial Cells (1997)

Protein kinase C (PKC) has been linked to functional and morphological changes in endothelial cells involved in increased microvessel permeability. Bradykinin and TNF are potent inflammatory mediators which translocate PKC from the cytosol to the membrane of various cell types, including endothelial cells. The PKC isoforms alpha, epsilon and zeta have been demonstrated as the most prominent in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). We propose that bradykinin and TNF cause increased microvascular permeability via a PKC-dependent endothelial cell signalling pathway. HUVEC were incubated at 37 degrees C and 5% CO2 for 1 min, 15 min and 3 h with either bradykinin (1 microM) or TNF (100 U/ml). PMA incubation served as a positive control (100 nM, 15 min). Cytosolic and membrane-bound extracts were obtained by incubation in digitonin (0.5%) and Triton X100 (1%). PKC isoforms were assayed by Western blot and membrane fractions calculated. These experiments revealed that: HUVEC clearly displayed a non-uniform basal membrane fraction distribution of PKC isoforms, with zeta (35.4%) greater than epsilon (30.6%) and both much greater than alpha (8.6%); Bradykinin caused significant translocation of PKC alpha with 15 min and 3 h of treatment but not 1 min; TNF caused dramatic translocation of PKC alpha at 1 min treatment which subsided at 15 min and 3 h but remained significantly elevated; and PMA caused dramatic translocation of alpha and epsilon but not zeta. Treatments of bradykinin and TNF that translocated PKC also showed cytoskeletal rearrangement of rhodamine-phalloidin stained actin, causing it to become more prevalent near cell membranes and concentrated at focal points between cells. These results suggest that PKC alpha may contribute to long term low grade increases in microvessel permeability in response to bradykinin, and that PKC alpha could be involved in both transient and sustained microvessel permeability changes induced by TNF. Also, cytoskeletal actin organization appears to be a downstream pathway in the activation process, possibly leading to alteration in endothelial cell shape and contact points.
Influence of loading conditions and contractile state on pulmonary venous flow. Validation of Doppler velocimetry. (1992)

The pattern of pulmonary venous flow can be measured accurately with Doppler velocities and is differentially influenced by loading conditions and myocardial contractile state; in the absence of myocardial contractile dysfunction, the pattern of pulmonary venous flow may provide an estimate of left atrial pressure; and pulmonary venous flow is determined largely by atrial systolic function.
Promoting Metacognitive Strategy Development through Online Question-Generation Instructional Approach (2005)

The study investigated the immediate and delayed effects of online multiple-choice question-generation instructional approach on students' metacognitive strategies development within a web-based learning environment. A 2 (question-generation versus non question-generation) x 3 (measuring times) mixed-design experimental research method was used. 132 sixth-graders participated in the study for 4 consecutive weeks. A Web-based learning system that enabled students to construct, assess, view, and practice answering multiple-choice questions was used. Results indicated that students participated in the question-generation condition reported more frequent use of metacognitive strategies while learning science during the course of the study than their counterparts in the comparison group. Weeks after concluding the study, students in the question-generation group remained to activate metacognitive strategies more frequently than the comparison group without being prompted to do so. Suggestions for classroom instructors and future research topics are proposed.
pH gradient effects on chloride transport across basolateral membrane vesicles from guinea‐pig jejunum. (1997)

1. The effects of alkaline-inside pH gradients on 36Cl- uptake were quantified by using brush-border membrane (BBM) and basolateral membrane (BLM) vesicles from guinea-pig jejunum. 2. With BBM vesicles, a pHo/pHi gradient of 5.0/7.5 yielded fast overshoots involving a random, non-obligatory Cl(-)-H+ symport, strongly inhibited by CCCP. In contrast, BLM vesicles responded to similar pH gradients with much smaller, delayed overshoots, unaffected by CCCP. 3. The initial Cl- entry rates into BLM vesicles were a function of each pHo, pHi and delta pH value. They were stimulated by valinomycin in the presence of inward-directed K+ gradients. Short-circuiting the membrane potential with equilibrated K+ and valinomycin inhibited pH gradient-dependent Cl- uptake, but only partially. 4. Taken together, these results indicate that guinea-pig jejunal BLM vesicles possess both Cl- conductance and Cl(-)-H+ symport activities. 5. Even when different, the BBM and the BLM symporters are mechanistically similar. Neither of them involves a Cl(-)-OH- antiport, nor a simultaneous Cl(-)-anion exchange mechanism. Rather, for each membrane, all of these activities (symport, anion exchange) can be explained in terms of a single mobile carrier acting as a random, non-obligatory Cl(-)-H+ symporter where exchange occurs simply by counterflow. Net Cl- translocation via either the ternary (Cl(-)-C-H+) or the binary (Cl(-)-C) complexes accounts, respectively, for the existence of two, operationally distinct, electroneutral and rheogenic components. 6. The BBM symporter appears to involve an AE2 protein, but the molecular identity of the BLM one remains to be established.
Performance of Disabled Persons on a Chordic Keyboard (1986)

Fourteen disabled persons used a one-hand chordic device for typing. This keyboard was designed to minimize physical exertion and to inhibit unwanted psychomotor reactions so as to facilitate its use by persons with cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, and related disorders. The keyboard fits the fingers of one hand. A character is typed by pressing a combination of fingers corresponding to a typing code developed earlier. Typing rates of text transcription ranged from 8 to 14 words/min after 5 h of practice. These results indicated that the physical configuration and cognitive operation of a chordic keyboard would permit disabled persons to use computers.
Histological appearances of intracranial biopsies obtained using the Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator. (1984)

The Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator causes localised ultrasonic tissue fragmentation and has recently been used to remove intracranial tumours. We have examined tissue fragments from 17 operations in which the apparatus was used: in all cases a definitive diagnosis could be made from the material aspirated. This finding has not been previously described.
不间断的保障——中小办公、政府办公环境中的电源保护 (2000)

10月了,北京的天气渐渐转寒,尚未通暖气的室内尤其阴凉,于是使用电暖气的人家渐渐多起来。这一天,e刀客正在家中写一篇稿子,放在计算机桌下的500瓦后备式UPS“嘟、嘟”地叫唤起来——又停电了。e刀客住的这个小区是个旧小区,电气线路负载能力相当小,可是一暑一寒两个
Thermoelectric micro devices: current state, recent developments and future aspects for technological progress and applications (2002)

Due to their unique expected properties thermoelectric microdevices, thermogenerators as well as Peltier coolers, are of high demand for different applications namely for telecommunication purposes. Thus worldwide efforts are undertaken to expand the technology for thermoelectric devices into the field of typical microsystem technologies including aspects of advanced low dimensional high ZT materials. Favourite material systems are up to now the bismuthtelluride (V-VI) compounds and the silicon/germanium (IV-IV) alloys. Recent results prove the capability to implement low dimensional material of both material systems into microsystem devices and demonstrate wafer based microelectronic technologies for the fabrication of thermoelectric devices even for the non CMOS bismuthtelluride related compounds. Thus this survey will present the state of the art in a summary of recent results together with an more extended description of the MicroPelt/spl reg/ approach as an example for a wafer based fabrication concept close to microelectronics manufacturing. Strengths and weaknesses of the different presented technological concepts will be discussed under some viewpoints.
Theory of frequency dependent acoustics in patchy-saturated porous media (2001)

The theory of the dynamic bulk modulus, K̃(ω), of a porous rock, whose saturation occurs in patches of 100% saturation each of two different fluids, is developed within the context of the quasi-static Biot theory. The theory describes the crossover from the Biot–Gassmann–Woods result at low frequencies to the Biot–Gassmann–Hill result at high. Exact results for the approach to the low and the high frequency limits are derived. A simple closed-form analytic model based on these exact results, as well as on the properties of K̃(ω) extended to the complex ω-plane, is presented. Comparison against the exact solution in simple geometries for the case of a gas and water saturated rock demonstrates that the analytic theory is extremely accurate over the entire frequency range. Aside from the usual parameters of the Biot theory, the model has two geometrical parameters, one of which is the specific surface area, S/V, of the patches. In the special case that one of the fluids is a gas, the second parameter is a different, but also simple, measure of the patch size of the stiff fluid. The theory, in conjunction with relevant experiments, would allow one to deduce information about the sizes and shapes of the patches or, conversely, to make an accurate sonic-to-seismic conversion if the size and saturation values are approximately known.
Dry Eye Disease (2010)

Dry eye (DED) is a multifactorial disease that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface, accompanied by increased osmolarity of the tear film and inflammation. DED is a common clinical problem and is among the most frequent diagnoses in ophthalmology. It substantially affects quality of life because of the constant ocular discomfort and decrease in visual function. This review discusses the etiology, classification, diagnosis procedures, clinical, and surgical treatments of dry eye.
Simulation of Adaptive Optical Correction with Deformable Secondary Mirrors (1995)

Adaptive secondary mirrors offer the promise of maximum throughput and minimum emissivity, when compared to traditional post-secondary adaptive optical systems. Currently, at least five telescope projects (Keck, LBT, MMT Conversion, UKIRT, VLT) are developing secondary mirrors of either the tip/tilt or deformable variety. Tip/tilt secondary mirror systems have already been demonstrated. For example, Close and McCarthy[1] have operated a tip/tilt system on a 2.3-m telescope which provides a factor of 4 improvement in Strehl ratio and nearly diffraction-limited imaging at 1.6 μ m. The primary objective of this work has been to examine, through detailed simulations, the wavefront correction characteristics of a deformable secondary mirror. This work is part of an on-going development program at the OSL to produce an adaptive secondary mirror system, potentially for the 3.8 m UKIRT.
Fundamental principles and applications of microfluidic systems (2007)

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology has provided the platform for the miniaturization of analytical devices for biological applications. Beside the fabrication technology, the study and understanding of flow characteristics of fluid in micrometer or even nanometer scale is vital for the successful implementation of such miniaturized systems. Microfluidics is currently under the spotlight for medical diagnostics and many other bio-analysis as its physical size manifested numerous advantages over lab-based devices. In this review, elementary concepts of fluid and its flow characteristics together with various transport processes and microchannel condition are presented. They are among the fundamental building block for the success in microfluidic systems. Selected application examples include biological cell handling employing different schemes of manipulation and DNA amplification using different microreactor arrangement and fluid flow regime.
The Story So Far (2003)

Abstract In “The Story So Far” I discuss my evolving gender and sexual identity as an FTM transsexual pansexual Leatherman. From feeling isolated as a youngster, to moving through various Queer communities, to being a member of the SM community, I explore my maleness and create my own definitions within my changeable nature.
Application of CAD Systems to Sewermain Design (1989)

Several larger organisations have developed software capable of actually designing sewer mains, although these still require some human input and judgement decisions before the final plans are approved. The Hunter District Water Board sought to utilise the advantages of its PALETTE CAD system and the availability of experienced design staff, without a major investment in new software. This paper describes the application of the PALETTE CAD system to produce sewer location plans, longitudinal sections, and to calculate grades, depths, intermediate invert levels, bulkhead spacings and excavation quantities. Development of a low cost independent program interfaced to PALETTE enables this work to be done after the surveyor has done a manual design.
The Role of Law Schools in the 100% Access to Justice Movement (2018)

As the latest incarnation of the access to justice movement gains footing and justice system stakeholders convene, law schools have an important role to play.At the intersection of emerging technologies, innovations in practice, historical and theoretical and interdisciplinary perspective, law schools can provide a critical missing link to advancing state civil legal systems toward justice for all.Law schools can simultaneously address gaps in their local civil justice system and serve their own goals of developing future lawyers and advancing the legal profession by contributing more to local and national access to justice collaborations.Several law schools have launched initiatives to strengthen the relationship between legal education and practice in the service of access to justice.This article recommends expansion, replication, and better use of those initiatives.
FlowScan: A Network Traffic Flow Reporting and Visualization Tool (2000)

Permission is granted for noncommercial reproduction of the work for educational or research purposes.