gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Diffusion of Gases Through Polyvinyl Acetate<sup>1</sup> (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Diffusion of Gases Through Polyvinyl Acetate1Patrick MearesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 13, 3415–3422Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01642a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01642a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1344Altmetric-Citations475LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bioactive peptides on endothelial function (2015)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as myocardial infarction and stroke are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Impairment of the normal vasorelaxant functions of the vascular endothelium, termed endothelial dysfunction; appear to underlie the pathogenesis of CVD. Endothelial dysfunction is often secondary to abnormal increases in oxidative stress, inflammation and overactivity of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which makes these pathways attractive targets for therapeutic interventions. Given the side-effects associated with synthetic pharmaceutical agents, there is growing interest in using natural products such as bioactive peptides for treating chronic diseases like CVD. In this review, we discuss the potential for bioactive peptides with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and RAS modulating properties for treating endothelial dysfunction and preventing CVD.
SUMO-1 Modification of Bovine Papillomavirus E1 Protein Is Required for Intranuclear Accumulation (2000)

The E1 protein is a multifunctional, origin-binding helicase that is essential for replication of papillomaviruses. Recently, bovine papillomavirus E1 was shown to be post-translationally modified by the addition of the SUMO-1 polypeptide. Here we show that the site of sumoylation maps to lysine residue 514. This lysine and the flanking sequences are well conserved in human papillomavirus (HPV) E1 proteins. Both HPV1a and HPV18 E1 proteins are substrates for sumoylation in vitro, which is consistent with this modification being a general property of E1 proteins. Mutations, which impair the sumoylation of bovine papillomavirus E1, prevent normal nuclear accumulation of E1 with a concomitant loss of replication capacity. These results suggest that sumoylation plays a role in nuclear transport and could regulate the E1 replication function by controlling access to the nuclear replication domains.
Adaptive motion estimation for efficient video compression (2002)

An adaptive technique for block-based motion estimation (ME) which leads to significantly higher compression over a non-adaptive application of block matching algorithms (BMAs) is presented. The proposed technique, the adaptive search window method (ASWM), adaptively determines the location and size of the search window based on motion information of the surrounding blocks. This window is then used to compute the motion vectors. Simulations indicate that the performance of the BMAs is significantly improved when implemented using ASWM. Further, the proposed technique is implemented as part of an MPEG coder and the results showing the compression gains are discussed.
A Bloody Tale (2009)

In the fifth instalment in his Inspector Challis series, Garry Disher's protagonist investigates a brutal bashing amid teenage end-of-school celebrations. The author spoke to Sue Watt.
Regional ACO-Based Cascaded Adaptive Routing for Traffic Balancing in Mesh-Based Network-on-Chip Systems (2014)

The regular topology of mesh-based network-on-chip (NoC) provides flexible and scalable architecture for chip multiprocessor (CMP) systems. However, as the complexity of network increases, routing problems become performance bottlenecks. In the field of wide area networks (WANs), ant colony optimization (ACO) has been applied to an adaptive routing for improving performance and achieving load balancing. Nevertheless, if we directly apply ACO to NoC systems, the implementation cost of ACO is excessively high. To overcome this problem, the ACO-based adaptive routing must be reformulated while considering both router cost and NoC efficiency. This work proposes the regional ACO-based cascaded adaptive routing (RACO-CAR) scheme with the following techniques: 1) table elimination by removing redundant information, 2) table sharing by grouping pheromone information to merge table content, and 3) cascaded routing that assigns traffic to different uncongested regions to balance traffic. Our experimental results demonstrate that the RACO-CAR scheme has an improvement of 3.9-36.84 percent in saturation throughput compared with existing adaptive routing schemes. The implementation cost of the RACO-CAR router is only 37.4 percent of that of the ACO-based router with full routing table. Therefore, the proposed RACO-CAR scheme has high area efficiency, defined as saturation throughput divided by the total cost of router.
American Fisheries Society Evaluation of Antifungal Agents for Fish Culture (1994)

Abstract The antifungal activities of 21 chemicals against species of Saprolegnia, a ubiquitous genus of aquatic fungi frequently found in fish hatcheries, were evaluated with pure fungal culture and with Saprolegnia-infected eggs of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fourteen compounds were ineffective for control of fungus on rainbow trout eggs or were toxic to the eggs. The seven compounds that effectively controlled fungus on infected eggs and provided a reasonable margin of safety were Abbott A-73336, amorolfine, formalin, glutaraldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, melaleuca, and salt (sodium chloride). Only formalin, hydrogen peroxide, and salt appeared completely suitable for registration. Formalin, the replacement antifungal agent, is restricted to use with the eggs of salmonids and esocids. User safety and the effect of effluents on the environment are also concerns related to formalin treatments. Formalin effectively prevented fungal infections on eggs at concentrations as low as 250 ppm. A 1,000-ppm treatment of formalin not only prevented infection but also decreased existing infection and increased hatching rates at exposures of 15, 30, or 60 min. Hydrogen peroxide at concentrations of 500 and 1,000 ppm controlled fungus on infected eggs and increased hatching rates of treated eggs. Hydrogen peroxide was recently classified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a low regulatory compound when used to control fungi on all species and life stages of fish, including eggs, and it is the antifungal agent of choice for further development. Salt decreased infection level and increased hatching rate of infected eggs at a concentration of 30,000 ppm. Salt is readily available and listed as a low regulatory compound, but the large quantities required limit its applicability.
Broadband Application of High Impedance Ground Planes (2012)

Electrical conductors have long been the only materials available to antenna designers for reflecting structures. However, recently reported high impedance ground plane (HIGP) structures offer an alternative by creating image currents and reflections, within a limited frequency stop-band, that are in-phase with a source rather than out-of-phase as for a perfect electric conducting (PEC) surface. Also, the high impedance structures suppress surface waves while surface waves propagate on PEC surfaces. This research explores broadband antenna applications for HIGP structures. A broadband surface mount antenna is applied to both a homogeneous narrowband HIGP and a spatially varying broadband HIGP design. Measurements reveal the ground plane alters the fundamental radiating modes of the antenna and show high frequency regions of the ground plane short out low frequency energy in the antenna. Novel broadband integrated antenna/ground-plane structures are also introduced and analyzed. Basic high impedance elements are linked to form larger broadband antenna elements within the ground plane itself. The structure provides a passive-receive capability over a 9 to 1 bandwidth, is very light and thin, and offers straightforward flush-mounted integration on PEC surfaces.
[Development of male germ cells in the fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus)]. (1988)

Three types of spermatogonia have been distinguished in the fur seal: type A, intermediate, type B. The type A spermatogonia are presented by means of five varieties: stem A, A1, A2, A3, A4. The spermatogonia of the stem A type is characterized with presence of equally distributed chromatin in the nucleus. The spermatogonia of the A1-A4 types are characterized with a gradual condensation of chromatin. The intermediate spermatogonia possesses a light nucleus, chromatin as small and large granules is situated near the nuclear membrane. The spermatogonia of B1-B3 types have a round nucleus, their chromatin is granular. Spermatocytes both at the leptotene stage and at the zygotene stage are presented by means of three cellular forms. At the pachytene stage four cellular forms are distinguished. Basing on formation of the acrosomic apparatus, 18 stages of spermatids development are distinguished.
A Real-Time Expert System for Process Control (1986)

Expert systems technology can provide improvements in analysis of process information, intelligent alarming, process diagnosis, control and optimization of processes. However, to realize these benefits, a real-time expert system capability is required. A program design is described which supports forward and backward chaining inference in a real-time environment, with dynamic measurement data. The knowledge base for the program is implemented in structured natural language form for application to a broad range of process expert systems. Plant test results are described.
Unequal error protection of images over Rayleigh fading channels (2003)

This paper introduces a method of transmitting error resilient SPIHT coded images over highly error prone Rayleigh fading channels. Firstly, the source significance of the SPIHT coded output is obtained. Based upon the significance of the bits, the channel coding is varied accordingly. Channel coding consists of a mixture of rate compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) codes and interleaving to combat the burst errors produced by the fading channel. An additional error concealment technique is also introduced into the SPIHT decoder to improve its results in cases where errors cause the corruption of the average luminance level during decoding. Comparison with using RS block codes at a total transmission rate of 1.0 bpp (bits/pixel) is carried out over fading channels with very high error rates to show the superiority of this method over methods using fixed rate burst error codes.
In search of outcomes. (1992)

Psychiatric hospitals, stung by reports of alleged abuses, are furiously trying to work their way out of an industry slump by embracing outcomes research. For them, such research may be a way to justify the value and effectiveness of their services with increasingly demanding payer groups. Although outcomes research is fairly common in medical/surgical hospitals, its existence is new to mental health.
Murine interstitial nephritis. I. Analysis of disease susceptibility and its relationship of pleiomorphic gene products defining both immune-response genes and a restrictive requirement for cytotoxic T cells at H-2K. (1982)

Anti-tubular basement membrance (alpha TBM) disease-producing interstitial nephritis in mice is not dependent on the generation of alpha TBM antibodies. Susceptibility seems to be defined by very private specificities in H-2K. These specificities are pleiomorphic, providing both immune-response genes and identity restrictions for cytotoxic effector functions expressed by a Thy-1.2+, Lyt-2,3+ T cell. These studies establish a role for T cells in the pathogenesis in interstitial nephritis as well as providing further evidence for the role of H-2K in the expression of an autoimmune disease.
Regulation and characterization of <i>Thermobifida fusca</i> carbohydrate‐binding module proteins E7 and E8 (2008)

E7, a single domain Family 33 cellulose binding module (CBM) protein, and E8, a non-catalytic, three-domain protein consisting of a Family 33 CBM, a FNIII domain, followed by a Family 2 CBM, were cloned, expressed, purified, and characterized. Western blots showed that E7 and E8 were induced and secreted when Thermobifida fusca was grown on cellobiose, Solka floc, switchgrass, or alfalfa as well as on beta-1,3 linked glucose molecules such as laminaribiose or pachyman. E8 bound well to alpha- and beta-chitin and bacterial microcrystalline cellulose (BMCC) at all pHs tested. E7 bound strongly to beta-chitin, less well to alpha-chitin and more weakly to BMCC than E8. Filter paper binding assays showed that E7 was 28% bound, E8 was 39% bound, a purified CBM2 binding domain from Cel6B was 88% bound, and only 5% of the Cel5A catalytic domain was bound. A C-terminal 6xHis tag influenced binding of both E7 and E8 to these substrates. Filter paper activity assays showed enhanced activity of T. fusca cellulases when E7 or E8 was present. This effect was observed at very low concentrations of cellulases or at very long times into the reaction and was mainly independent of the type of cellulase and the number of cellulases in the mixture. E8, and to a lesser extent E7, significantly enhanced the activity of Serratia marscescens Chitinase C on beta-chitin.
A Simple and Robust Feature Point Matching Algorithm Based on Restricted Spatial Order Constraints for Aerial Image Registration (2011)

Accurate point matching is a critical and challenging process in feature-based image registration. In this paper, a simple and robust feature point matching algorithm, called Restricted Spatial Order Constraints (RSOC), is proposed to remove outliers for registering aerial images with monotonous backgrounds, similar patterns, low overlapping areas, and large affine transformation. In RSOC, both local structure and global information are considered. Based on adjacent spatial order, an affine invariant descriptor is defined, and point matching is formulated as an optimization problem. A graph matching method is used to solve it and yields two matched graphs with a minimum global transformation error. In order to eliminate dubious matches, a filtering strategy is designed. The strategy integrates two-way spatial order constraints and two decision criteria restrictions, i.e., the stability and accuracy of transformation error. Twenty-nine pairs of optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) aerial images are utilized to evaluate the performance. Compared with RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC), Graph Transformation Matching (GTM), and Spatial Order Constraints (SOC), RSOC obtained the highest precision and stability.
New therapies for neonatal respiratory failure : a physiological approach (1994)

Part I. Surfactant 1. Composition and structure of pulmonary surfactant Jeffrey A. Whitset 2. Surfactant function and metabolism Alan H. Jobe 3. Surfactant inactivation Machiko Ikegami 4. Surfactant in the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome Roger F. Soll, T. Allen Merritt and Millo Hallman 5. Lung surfactant replacement for neonatal pathology other than primary respiratory distress syndrome Jonathan M. Davis and Robert H. Notter Part II. Mechanical Ventilation: 6. The mechanics of breathing Gregory P. Heldt 7. Pulmonary gas exchange: basic principles and the effects of mechanical ventilation Bruce R. Boynton and Michael D. Hammond 8. Advances in conventional mechanical ventilation Waldemar A. Carlo, Anne Greenhough and Robert L. Chatburn 9. Patient initiated mechanical ventilation Gregory P. Heldt and Graham Bernstein 10. Physiologic monitoring M. Douglas Cunningham 11. Oscillatory mechanics: the pressure cost of high frequency ventilation Jose F. Venegas and Jeffrey J. Fredberg 12. Pulmonary gas exchange during high frequency ventilation Bruce R. Boynton and Waldemar A. Carlo 13. High frequency oscillatory ventilation and high frequency flow interruption Patricio Fernandez-Martorell and Bruce R. Boynton 14. High frequency jet ventilation Carl H. Coghill, Waldemar A. Carlo and Richard J. Martin 15. Negative pressure ventilation Eduardo Bancalri 16. Techniques of oxygenation and ventilation with continuous gas flow Jesus Villar and Arthur S. Slutsky 17. Liquid ventilation Thomas H. Shaffer, Jay S. Greenspan and Marla R. Wolfson Part III. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation 18. Extracorporeal respiratory assist for acute respiratory failure Kyoji Tsuno and Theodor Kolobow 19. Clinical use of ECMO Billie Lou Short Part IV. Nitric Oxide Inhalation 20. Physiology of nitric oxide in the perinatal lung Jesse D. Roberts and Steven H. Abman.
Grain boundary effect on the dielectric properties of CaCu<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>12</sub>ceramics (2005)

The electrical properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramic materials, showing an enormously large dielectric constant, were investigated. It was found that the grain boundary plays an important role in the giant dielectric behaviour of these ceramics. Measurement of the electrical current density (J) versus the electrical field (E) was carried out. A good linear relationship between lnJ and E1/2 was found, which demonstrates that the Schottky barrier should exist at the grain boundary. A double Schottky barrier model composed of a depletion layer and a negative charge sheet was proposed, analogous to the barrier model for ZnO varistors. An activation energy value of about 0.6 eV was obtained from the data of the characteristic frequency corresponding to the peak of the imaginary part of the dielectric permittivity versus temperature, which may be attributed to the activation of to in the depletion layer.
Endotoxin-stimulated monocytes release multiple forms of IL-1 beta, including a proIL-1 beta form whose detection is affected by export. (1999)

The processing and release of 31-kDa proIL-1 beta to the mature 17-kDa form of IL-1 beta are still poorly understood. To help elucidate the mechanisms involved in IL-1 beta processing and release, we measured IL-1 beta forms released from endotoxin-stimulated monocytes by immunoprecipitation of [35S]methionine-labeled protein, by Western blots, and by our recently developed ELISA specific for proIL-1 beta. Our studies demonstrate that in addition to the 17-kDa mature IL-1 beta, IL-1 beta is also released as 31-, 28-, and 3-kDa molecules. The 31-kDa-released form of proIL-1 beta represented 20-40% of the total released IL-1 beta, as measured by SDS-PAGE with densitometry. This released proIL-1 beta was susceptible to ICE processing; however, this proIL-1 beta was not detectable by either a mature or proIL-1 beta-specific ELISA, suggesting that release induces a conformational change. The ELISA inability to detect proIL-1 beta was not due to inadequate sensitivity or subsequent degradation in the ELISA. Furthermore, while immunoaffinity-purified cytosolic proIL-1 beta could complex the type II IL-1R, released proIL-1 beta did not. Finally, the absence of a band shift in nondenaturing gel electrophoresis excluded proIL-1 beta binding to another protein. These findings imply that IL-1 beta is exported from monocytes as 3-, 17-, 28-, and 31-kDa forms and that the released 31-kDa form differs from cytosolic proIL-1 beta.
Multiple-target deep learning for LSTM-RNN based speech enhancement (2017)

In this study, we explore long short-term memory recurrent neural networks (LSTM-RNNs) for speech enhancement. First, a regression LSTM-RNN approach for a direct mapping from the noisy to clean speech features is presented and verified to be more effective than deep neural network (DNN) based regression techniques in modeling long-term acoustic context. Then, a comprehensive comparison between the proposed direct mapping based LSTM-RNN and ideal ratio mask (IRM) based LSTM-RNNs is conducted. We observe that the direct mapping framework achieves better speech intelligibility at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) while the IRM approach shows its superiority at high SNRs. Accordingly, to fully utilize this complementarity, a novel multiple-target joint learning approach is designed. The experiments under unseen noises show that the proposed framework can consistently and significantly improve the objective measures for both speech quality and intelligibility.
Mapping the Human Body for Vibrations using an Accelerometer (2007)

In this paper, an accelerometer is used to measure the vibration of the neck and thorax, in order to detect important signals that can be used in the diagnosis of sleep apnoea. Accelerations produced by the heart signals, the breathing movement and the snoring sounds are detected by an accelerometer attached to the skin. Mean power levels of the signal in different frequency bands are used to map the surface of the neck and thorax, where the accelerometer has been positioned in 15 different locations. A program in Matlab is used to fit this surface plot. Getting an adequate location for the accelerometer is a clear help to the diagnosis of sleep apnea.
The Stimulation of Ethylene Synthesis in <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> Leaves by the Phytotoxin Coronatine (1992)

Coronatine is a chlorosis-inducing toxin produced by the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv atropurpurea. This bacterium is the causal agent of chocolate spot disease, in which brown lesions with chlorotic margins develop on the leaves of Lolium multiflorum Lam. Among the many physiological changes to plants caused by coronatine is the stimulation of ethylene production from bean leaves. The ethyl-substituted side chain of coronatine is an analog of the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). We have examined the question of whether part or all of the released ethylene comes from the breakdown of coronatine itself. The rate of ethylene release from leaves of Nicotiana tabacum was proportional to the concentration of coronatine applied to the leaf surface. The lowest effective concentration of coronatine, applied to leaves at 15 pmol cm(-2) of leaf area, resulted in the production of 44 pmol of ethylene cm(-2) over a period of 4 h. The maximum rate of ethylene production occurred 28 to 32 h after application of coronatine. The specific activity of ethylene produced by discs cut from coronatine-treated Nicotiana tabacum leaves floating on a solution containing 10 mm [U-(14)C]methionine was consistent with its exclusive origin from methionine. ACC accumulated in the coronatine-treated tissue. ACC synthase activity increased in Phaseolus aureus hypocotyls during a 6-h treatment with coronatine. Thus, coronatine induces the synthesis of ethylene from methionine.