gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Procedure for Phase-Equilibrium Computations in Compositional Reservoir Simulators (1994)

SUMMARY A new procedure for phase–equilibrium computations is proposed. It is applied in a three–phase compositional reservoir simulator for the definition of component distributions in hydrocarbon phases. An effective technique based on the volume balance method is used for the simultaneous solution of phase–equilibrium and reservoir flow material–balance equations. Compositions of hydrocarbon phases are determined in the proposed procedure by minimizing the Gibbs free energy subject to two inequality constraints. A cubic equation of state is applied for the determination of fugacity coefficients and compressibility factors. Phase–equilibrium K–values or their reciprocals are used as independent variables. An effective minimization procedure is developed. In this procedure, a linear combination of conjugate vectors is selected as a descent direction and the mass conservation equations are exactly satisfied on each iteration. The new procedure requires, approximately, the same amount of computations as the conventional approaches. However, it converges significantly faster and it is robust even near critical conditions. This procedure has been implemented in an industrial reservoir simulator. It has been tested for different fluid conditions. The test results demonstrate that the proposed procedure is computationally more efficient and robust than existing techniques.
Poor People's Movements: Why They Succeed, How They Fail (1979)

Have the poor fared best by participating in conventional electoral politics or by engaging in mass defiance and disruption? The authors of the classic Regulating The Poor assess the successes and failures of these two strategies as they examine, in this provocative study, four protest movements of lower-class groups in 20th century America: -- The mobilization of the unemployed during the Great Depression that gave rise to the Workers' Alliance of America -- The industrial strikes that resulted in the formation of the CIO -- The Southern Civil Rights Movement -- The movement of welfare recipients led by the National Welfare Rights Organization.
Electricity prices and power derivatives: Evidence from the Nordic Power Exchange (2000)

This paper examines the importance of the regular patterns in the behavior of electricity prices, and its implications for the purposes of derivative pricing. We analyze the Nordic Power Exchange&apos;s spot, futures, and forward prices. We conclude that the seasonal systematic pattern throughout the year, in particular, is of crucial importance in explaining the shape of the futures/forward curve. Moreover, in the context of the one factor models analyzed in this paper, actual futures and forward prices are best explained by a sinusoidal function in order to capture the seasonal behavior directly implied by spot electricity prices. 1 Respectively, Dpto. Economa Financiera y Matemtica, Universidad de Valencia, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022-Valencia, Spain, and The Anderson School at UCLA, Box 951481, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1481, USA. We are grateful to Felipe Aguerrevere, M. Dolores Furi, Javier Gmez Biscarri, and Vicente Meneu for helpful comments. This paper was completed while...
A federated extended Kalman filter with application to passive target tracking (2002)

The problem of determining the track of a maneuvering target from passive measurements of the sensor to target line-of-sight is addressed. The standard approach to such an estimation problem, the extended Kalman filter (EKF), suffers from a range and range-rate bias that limits its usefulness. The cause of this bias has been identified as a correlation between the gain and innovations sequences that is inherent in the EKF. These previous results are presented and then a filter design is developed that reduces this unwanted effect. Simulation results reveal a performance improvement using the new filter design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Genetic differences in glucose phosphate isomerase activity among mouse embryos (1989)

We have compared mouse embryos of three heterozygous, congenic genotypes (with high, medium and low levels of oocyte-coded glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI-1) activity respectively) to test whether 1) the survival time of oocyte-coded GPI-1 activity in the early embryo is affected by its activity level in the oocyte and 2) whether embryo-coded GPI-1 is detected earlier in embryos that inherit low levels of oocyte-coded GPI-1. The oocyte-coded GPI-1 was entirely GPI-1A allozyme in the high and medium groups but was the less stable GPI-1C allozyme in the low group. We determined total GPI-1 activity and the ratio of different GPI-1 allozymes in early embryos and calculated the activity of oocyte-coded and embryo-coded GPI-1. In all three groups, the oocyte-coded enzyme activity remained at a more or less constant level for the first 21 1/2 days. Some oocyte-coded GPI-1 remained in 4 1/2 day embryos from the high and medium groups but was gone by 5 1/2 days. Very little remained in 4 1/2 day embryos that inherited low levels of a less stable form of the enzyme (GPI-1C allozyme). Despite a 4- to 5-fold difference in initial oocyte-coded GPI-1 activity, no differences were seen among the three genotypically distinct groups of embryos in the time of activation of the embryonic Gpi-1s genes. The embryo-coded GPI-1 was first detectable in 3 1/2 day compacted morulae in all three groups. The level of oocyte-coded GPI-1, in the high group, when embryo-coded GPI-1 was first detected was higher than the level in the low group at any stage prior to detection of embryo-coded GPI-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cytoplasmic Inositol Hexakisphosphate Production Is Sufficient for Mediating the Gle1-mRNA Export Pathway (2004)

Production of inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) by Ipk1, the inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase, is required for Gle1-mediated mRNA export in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. To examine the network of interactions that require IP6 production, an analysis of fitness defects was conducted in mutants harboring both an ipk1 null allele and a mutant allele in genes encoding nucleoporins or transport factors. Enhanced lethality was observed with a specific subset of mutants, including nup42, nup116, nup159, dbp5, and gle2, all of which had been previously connected to Gle1 function. Complementation of the nup116Deltaipk1Delta and nup42Deltaipk1Delta double mutants did not require the Phe-Gly repeat domains in the respective nucleoporins, suggesting that IP6 was acting subsequent to heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein targeting to the nuclear pore complex. With Nup42 and Nup159 localized exclusively to the nuclear pore complex cytoplasmic side, we speculated that IP6 may regulate a cytoplasmic step in mRNA export. To test this prediction, the spatial requirements for the production of IP6 were investigated. Restriction of Ipk1 to the cytoplasm did not block IP6 production. Moreover, coincident sequestering of both Ipk1 and Mss4 (an enzyme required for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate production) to the cytoplasm also did not block IP6 production. Given that the kinase required for inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate production (Ipk2) is localized in the nucleus, these results indicated that soluble inositides were diffusing between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Additionally, the cytoplasmic production of IP6 by plasma membrane-anchored Ipk1 rescued a gle1-2 ipk1-4 synthetic lethal mutant. Thus, cytoplasmic IP6 production is sufficient for mediating the Gle1-mRNA export pathway.
Industrial applications of microemulsions (1997)

Overview of basic aspects of microemulsions how to prepare microemulsions - temperature-intensive microemulsions the applications of microemulsions for analytical determinations microemulsions in biotechnology microemulsions in the pharmaceutical field - perspectives and applications solubilization of drugs in microemulsions microemulsions in foods - properties and applications microemulsions in cosmetics microemulsions in agro-chemicals microemulsions in dyeing processes microemulsions as nanosize reactors for the synthesis of nanoparticles of advanced materials use of microemulsions in the production of nanostructured materials the microemulsion/gel method microemulsions in enhanced oil recovery - middle-phase microemulsion formation with some typical anionic surfactants microemulsion and optimal formulation occurence in pH-dependent systems as found in alkaline-enhanced recovery microemulsions in the chemical EOR process use of microemulsions for the extraction of contaminated soils the hole of microemulsions in detergency processes emulsions and microemulsions in metal-working processes.
Comparison of Automotive Catalytic Honeycomb Structures through Two-Dimensional Thermal Stress Analysis (1975)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes and compares five types of catalytic structures devised for automotive honeycomb catalytic converters, all of whose honeycomb meshes vary in shape - regular triangle, regular hexagon, square, and corrugations (types A and B).</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Each honeycomb structure is analyzed as a two-dimensional frame structure, and its thermal deformation and thermal stress are discussed in comparison with those of the other types.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The analytical results are examined for differences in mechanical properties, the effects of the outer cover and of the wire mesh support, the development of cracks, etc.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Further, through the use of simple experimental models, the paper describes how the analytical results have been proven to be correct.</div>
Color Changes of UHT Milk During Storage (2008)

In this study measurements of color parameters of UHT milk were performed, by using a MOM-color 100 photoelectric tristimulus colorimeter. Colors of UHT milk samples containing 3.2% and 1.6% milk fat, processed under industrial conditions, packed in polyethylene terephtalate (PET) based packages, and stored for 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days at ambient temperature (20±5°C) were examined. Results are shown in four different systems that define measurement of color parameters expressed in: CIE, CIE L*a*b*, Hünter and ANLAB - Adams Nickerson systems. Average value of mean reflectance of UHT milk determined in CIE system statistically is highly significantly changed, (p < 0.01) depending on duration of storaging, percentage of milk fat, as well as on the interaction of the mentioned factors. For the UHT milk with 1.6% milk fat statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease of psychometric chroma b* occurs after 60 days, and for milk with 3.2% milk fat established on 45<sup>th</sup> day of storage.
Wild-type measles virus infection of primary epithelial cells occurs via the basolateral surface without syncytium formation or release of infectious virus (2009)

The lymphotropic and myelotropic nature of wild-type measles virus (wt-MV) is well recognized, with dendritic cells and lymphocytes expressing the MV receptor CD150 mediating systemic spread of the virus. Infection of respiratory epithelial cells has long been considered crucial for entry of MV into the body. However, the lack of detectable CD150 on these cells raises the issue of their importance in the pathogenesis of measles. This study utilized a combination of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo model systems to characterize the susceptibility of epithelial cells to wt-MV of proven pathogenicity. Low numbers of MV-infected epithelial cells in close proximity to underlying infected lymphocytes or myeloid cells suggested infection via the basolateral side of the epithelium in the macaque model. In primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells, foci of MV-infected cells were only observed following infection via the basolateral cell surface. The extent of infection in primary cells was enhanced both in vitro and in ex vivo cornea rim tissue by disrupting the integrity of the cells prior to the application of virus. This demonstrated that, whilst epithelial cells may not be the primary target cells for wt-MV, areas of epithelium in which tight junctions are disrupted can become infected using high m.o.i. The low numbers of MV-infected epithelial cells observed in vivo in conjunction with the absence of infectious virus release from infected primary cell cultures suggest that epithelial cells have a peripheral role in MV transmission.
Linearization of differential CMOS low noise amplifier using cross-coupled post distortion canceller (2008)

A post-linearization technique for the differential CMOS LNA is presented. The proposed method uses an additional cross-coupled FET pair which generates the 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> -order inter-modulation (IM3) current to cancel out the IM3 current of the differential amplifier while minimizing the degradation of noise figure and avoiding the gain reduction. This technique is applied to enhance the linearity of the differential CMOS LNA using 0.18-mum technology. The LNA achieved +10.2-dBm IIP3 with 13.7-dB gain and 1.68-dB NF at 2 GHz consuming 11.8-mA from a 1.8-V supply.
Contrast-Enhanced Endoscopic Ultrasound (2012)

The European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) introduced guidelines on the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in 2004. This EFSUMB-document focused mainly on liver applications. However, new applications extending beyond the liver were developed thereafter. Increased interest in recent years in CEUS technique and in the application of CEUS in novel fields like endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has revolutionized indications and applications. As a result, the EFSUMB initiated a new update of the guidelines in 2011 to include this additional knowledge. Some of the contrast-enhanced EUS (CE-EUS) indications are established, whereas others are preliminary; these latter indications are categorized as emergent CEUS applications since the available evidence is insufficient for general recommendation. This article focuses on the use of CE-EUS in various clinical settings. The reader will get an overview of current indications and possible applications of CE-EUS. This involves the introduction of different contrast studies including color Doppler techniques (known as contrast-enhanced high mechanical index endosonography or CEHMI-EUS) as well as more modern high-resolution contrast-enhanced techniques (known as contrast-enhanced low mechanical index endosonography or CELMI EUS).
Leigh syndrome: One disorder, more than 75 monogenic causes (2015)

Leigh syndrome is the most common pediatric presentation of mitochondrial disease. This neurodegenerative disorder is genetically heterogeneous, and to date pathogenic mutations in >75 genes have been identified, encoded by 2 genomes (mitochondrial and nuclear). More than one-third of these disease genes have been characterized in the past 5 years alone, reflecting the significant advances made in understanding its etiological basis. We review the diverse biochemical and genetic etiology of Leigh syndrome and associated clinical, neuroradiological, and metabolic features that can provide clues for diagnosis. We discuss the emergence of genotype-phenotype correlations, insights gleaned into the molecular basis of disease, and available therapeutic options.
Theoretical and Experimental Study of Pb2+ and Hg2+ Adsorption on Biopolymers, 2. Experimental Part (2001)

Chitosan and pectin were studied as adsorbents for Hg2+ and Pb2+ from acidic aqueous solutions. The conditions were selected to analyze the adsorption efficiency of pellets of chitosan–pectin. Kinetics data are reported in this work for conditions under which ppm of contaminants are adsorbed. The ability of these biopolymers to remove Pb and Hg from polluted water was investigated using the unmodified biopolymers and the pellets under identical conditions. Results from Molecular Mechanics calculations (MM2) and semiempirical calculations are discussed together to get more insight into the mechanism of metal retention and the effect of conformational factors on adsorption. Several adsorption sites were considered for the biopolymers and many adsorption mechanisms proposed, taking into account the theoretical and experimental results.
Semiconductor Detector Systems (2005)

Abstract Semiconductor sensors patterned at the micron scale combined with custom-designed integrated circuits have revolutionized semiconductor radiation detector systems. Designs covering many square meters with millions of signal channels are now commonplace in high-energy physics and the technology is finding its way into many other fields, ranging from astrophysics to experiments at synchrotron light sources and medical imaging. This book presents a discussion of the many facets of highly integrated semiconductor detector systems, covering sensors, signal processing, transistors, circuits, low-noise electronics, and radiation effects. To lay a basis for the more detailed discussions in the book and aid in understanding how these different elements combine to form functional detector systems, the text includes introductions to semiconductor physics, diodes, detectors, signal formation, transistors, amplifier circuits, electronic noise mechanisms, and signal processing. A chapter on digital electronics includes key elements of analog-to-digital converters and an introduction to digital signal processing. The physics of radiation damage in semiconductor devices is discussed and applied to detectors and electronics. The diversity of design approaches is illustrated in a chapter describing systems in high-energy physics, astronomy, and astrophysics. Finally, a chapter ‘Why things don't work’, discusses common pitfalls, covering interference mechanisms such as power supply noise, microphonics, and shared current paths (‘ground loops’), together with mitigation techniques for pickup noise reduction, both at the circuit and system level. Beginning at a basic level, the book provides a unique introduction to a key area of modern science.
Nucleosome dynamics: HMGB1 relaxes canonical nucleosome structure to facilitate estrogen receptor binding (2012)

High mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) interacts with DNA and chromatin to influence the regulation of transcription, DNA repair and recombination. We show that HMGB1 alters the structure and stability of the canonical nucleosome (N) in a nonenzymatic, ATP-independent manner. Although estrogen receptor (ER) does not bind to its consensus estrogen response element within a nucleosome, HMGB1 restructures the nucleosome to facilitate strong ER binding. The isolated HMGB1-restructured nucleosomes (N′ and N″) remain stable and exhibit characteristics distinctly different from the canonical nucleosome. These findings complement previous studies that showed (i) HMGB1 stimulates <it>in vivo</it> transcriptional activation at estrogen response elements and (ii) knock down of HMGB1 expression by siRNA precipitously reduced transcriptional activation. The findings indicate that one aspect of the mechanism of HMGB1 action involves a restructuring of the nucleosome that appears to relax structural constraints within the nucleosome.
Operationalizing Culture With Design Cards in Cross-Cultural Design: Translating Critical Knowledge Into Provocative Insights (2015)

Operationalizing culture is “one of the most fundamental issues cross-cultural researchers face” (Matsumoto & Jones, 2009, p. 324), as stated in The Handbook of Social Research Ethics. Inconsiderate research design could “ignore the large degree of individual differences that exist in human behavior” (p. 325) and eventually “vindicate” cultural stereotypes the researchers mean to avoid. In the field of cross-cultural design, a big challenge is how to inform and guide the design process with a sophisticated understanding of culture. This design challenge is a contextualized problem of operationalizing culture in practice. Insensitive design recommendations could end up strengthening the cultural essentialism designers want to leave behind in this increasingly globalized world. For example, designers should be more careful when recommending an online event scheduling system for American users that includes more granular and precise time units (e.g., options at 15 minute precision level) than what is recommended for Mexican users. The recommendation makes sense as American culture is considered monochronic, which prefers punctuality for meetings, while Mexican culture is not. However, what if some individual Mexican users might want to take more proactive actions to counteract their polychromic cultural influence for intercultural collaboration?
Fast Cross-Validation via Sequential Testing (2012)

With the increasing size of today's data sets, finding the right parameter configuration in model selection via cross-validation can be an extremely time-consuming task. In this paper we propose an improved cross-validation procedure which uses nonparametric testing coupled with sequential analysis to determine the best parameter set on linearly increasing subsets of the data. By eliminating underperforming candidates quickly and keeping promising candidates as long as possible, the method speeds up the computation while preserving the capability of the full cross-validation. Theoretical considerations underline the statistical power of our procedure. The experimental evaluation shows that our method reduces the computation time by a factor of up to 120 compared to a full cross-validation with a negligible impact on the accuracy.
Efficient classification mechanism for network intrusion detection system based on data mining techniques: A survey (2014)

In spite of growing information system widely, security has remained one hard-hitting area for computers as well as networks. In information protection, Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is used to safeguard the data confidentiality, integrity and system availability from various types of attacks. Data mining is an efficient artifice applied to intrusion detection to ascertain a new outline from the massive network data as well as it used to reduce the strain of the manual compilations of the normal and abnormal behavior patterns. This piece of writing reviews the present state of data mining techniques and compares various data mining techniques used to implement an intrusion detection system such as, Support Vector Machine, Genetic Algorithm, Neural network, Fuzzy Logic, Bayesian Classifier, K-Nearest Neighbor and decision tree Algorithms by highlighting a advantage and disadvantages of each of the techniques.
THYROID DISEASES DURING PREGNANCY (2019)

Thyroid disorders in pregnancy is frequently seen as a statement of endocrinological.Fetus can't produce the thyroid hormone at the especially beginning of the pregnancy.It is necessary to know, track and treat that thyroid hormones is loss or overt in pregnancy.This review article is wrote for importance of thyroid disorders in pregnancy.
Renal and Intestinal Handling of Oxalate following Oxalate Loading in Rats (2002)

Colonic secretion of oxalate is stimulated in rat models exhibiting hyperoxalemia suggesting a contribution of this extrarenal pathway to regulation of oxalate mass balance in clinical conditions manifesting hyperoxalemia. The transport avenues and regulatory mechanisms may not be identical to those observed during adaptive enteric oxalate secretion in chronic renal failure models.