gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using Prior Information in Bayesian Inference—with Application to Fault Diagnosis (2007)

In this paper we consider Bayesian inference using training data combined with prior information. The prior information considered is response and causality information which gives constraints on the posterior distribution. It is shown how these constraints can be expressed in terms of the prior probability distribution, and how to perform the computations. Further, it is discussed how this prior information improves the inference.
The Formation of α-Fe₂O₃ and BaFe₁₂O₁₉ in the Presence of Iron (II) : Hydroxide and Nitrates with or without Ba (II) (Commemoration Issue Dedicated to Professor Tohru Takenaka On the Occasion of His Retirement) (1993)

The Formation of α-Fe2O3 and BaFe12O19 in the Presence of Iron (II) : Hydroxide and Nitrates with or without Ba (II) (Commemoration Issue Dedicated to Professor Tohru Takenaka On the Occasion of His Retirement) Author(s) Kiyama, Masao; Honmyo, Torayuki; Nakamura, Tatuya; Takano, Mikio; Takada, Toshio Citation Bulletin of the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University (1993), 71(2): 81-85 Issue Date 1993-09-30
Pantograph Mechanism for Increasing the Working Area in a Haptic Guidance Device for Sketching, Hatching and Cutting Tasks (2012)

The paper presents the design, construction, validation and testing of a Haptic Guidance Device whose aim is to provide dynamic assistance while performing manual activities such as drawing, hatching and cutting. A commercial phantom haptic device was modified by adding a pantograph mechanism in order to increase the haptic working area. The force feedback workspace provided by the phantom device is quite limited, 160 W × 120 H mm. This workspace sometimes is not enough to reproduce manual tasks in a large-scale area as is often required in several educational activities (e.g. sketching, hatching and cutting tasks). In this paper is evaluated a low cost solution for increasing the haptic working area provided by the phantom device. The pantograph mechanism has been linked with the haptic device in order to increase the working area in a 2:1 scale. The users hand moves a pen linked to the device through 2D predefined shapes in which the pens position have been tracked in 2D coordinates at 25 kHz in order to record all the data for the posterior analysis. The haptic guidance device is also equipped with a cutting system using hot wire for physically producing the drawn shape as a piece of polystyrene foam. The haptic guidance device has been tested by people with specific disorders affecting coordination such as Down syndrome and mental retardation under the supervision of their teachers and care assistants. The results of the study prove that higher performance levels can be achieved while performing manual tasks as sketching, hatching and cutting operation using the haptic guidance device.
A Single Preoperative Dose of Gabapentin Does not Improve Postcesarean Delivery Pain Management (2013)

Short, Jonathan*; Downey, Kristi*; Bernstein, Paul†; Shah, Vibhuti‡; Carvalho, Jose C. A.*† Author Information
Monoclonal antibody to human renal glomeruli cross-reacts with streptococcal M protein (1987)

Two murine monoclonal antibodies (immunoglobulin M) evoked against human kidney tissue were examined for cross-reactivity with group A streptococci. A glomerulus-specific antibody, PMII.40.H.2, cross-reacted in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with purified pepsin-extracted M proteins from type 6 and 12 streptococci, but not type 1, 3, 5, 19, and 24 M proteins. The cross-reactive monoclonal antibody also opsonized type 6 and 12 streptococci, indicating that it was directed against protective M protein epitopes that were exposed on the surfaces of these organisms. A control antibody, which was tubule specific, did not cross-react with any of the purified M proteins, nor did it opsonize any of the serotypes of streptococci tested. Western immunoblot experiments identified the glomerular cross-reactive antigen as a 43-kilodalton protein. The results demonstrate that M protein of group A streptococci and glomerular antigens of the human kidney possess cross-reactive determinants.
Predicting outcomes in locally advanced rectal cancer using pretreatment FDG-PET imaging. (2013)

495 Background: FDG-PET/CT imaging has been shown to have clinical utility in the management of rectal cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate multiple FDG-PET/CT parameters to predict for outcome after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) in patients (pts) with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated pts with locally-advanced (T2-4, N0-2, M0) rectal adenocarcinoma treated with neoadjuvant CRT who received FDG-PET/CT scans for radiation therapy planning. We evaluated the impact of SUVmax and metabolic tumor volume (MTV, determined by using PET Edge MimVista), as well as dual-time point PET parameters of retention index (RI, difference in SUVmax between the two PET scans) and RI/time. Endpoints of pathologic complete response (pCR), tumor grade, margin status and pathologic downstaging were assessed using t-test, ANOVA or non-parametric analysis when appropriate. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using Kaplan Meier estimates. Results: Of the 28 consecutive pts with FDG-PET/CT planning scans identified, 25 pts underwent surgical resection. All patients received a 5-FU based concurrent chemotherapy regimen with RT (median RT dose: 50.4 Gy). Median follow-up was 21 months. The median MTV was 45 cc. Compared to pts with a MTV>45 cc, pts with a MTV <45 cc had improved PFS (2-yr PFS: 86% vs. 60%, p=0.04) and improved OS (2-yr OS: 100% vs. 51%, p=0.01). The correlation between MTV and T-stage was not statistically significant (23% of pts with MTV>45 had T4 tumors vs. 0% of pts with MTV<45, p=0.17). MTV did not correlate with the other endpoints (pCR, tumor grade, margin status, pathologic downstaging). SUVmax did not correlate with any of the identified endpoints. Of the patients with dual-time point PET/CT scans (N=19), RI and RI/time did not correlate with any of the identified endpoints. Conclusions: Pretreatment MTV correlates with PFS and OS in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation. For pts with large MTVs, more aggressive treatment approaches should be considered. Dual-time point FDG-PET imaging does not appear to add clinical value in this patient population.
Proactive design for manufacturing (DFM) for nanometer SoC designs (2004)

In this paper, we propose an innovative DFM design flow which achieves designs for logic products that are much more manufacturable than those using traditional design flows in nm technologies. It integrates manufacturability information-extracted directly from the target nm process-into the timing-driven synthesis and P&R cost function. It has three major elements: 1) A DFM extension library, which creates "yield strength" variants of the basic logic functions in the library; 2) a new design view data-file, containing a pre-characterized set of design attributes extracted from the cell library layouts and the required target process parameter extractions; 3) a set of software elements that plug the manufacturability information into the standard IC design creation and analysis flow. The EDA tools interact with these elements to determine the most manufacturable mapping and arrangement of any given logic function onto the physical library.
Gastric Stasis in Migraine: More Than Just a Paroxysmal Abnormality During a Migraine Attack (2006)

Contrary to previous belief, this study has demonstrated that migraineurs suffer from gastric stasis both during and outside an acute migraine attack. This may suggest that migraineurs may have an abnormal autonomic function compared to nonmigrainous controls. The potential role of this in pathophysiology of migraine is discussed and avenues for further investigations are explored.
Horseradish peroxidase based bienzyme elctrode for isocitrate (1985)

Abstract Coimmobilized horseradish peroxidase and D‐isocitrate dehydrogenase were fixed to an oxygen electrode to assemble a bienzyme electrode for isocitrate determination. The linear measuring range for isocitrate of the sensor is between 0.1 and 2.0 mmol. I −1 , the coefficient of variation (20 measurements) is 3.6%. 8 samples per hour can be assayed. With one sensor preparation 140 measurements can be carried out.
Ganciclovir Ophthalmic Gel in Herpes Simplex Virus Rabbit Keratitis: Intraocular Penetration and Efficacy (1994)

A chronic administration of three ganciclovir gels (0.2%, 0.05%, 0.0125%) was compared with a placebo gel and a 3% acyclovir ophthalmic ointment in the treatment of HSV-1 rabbit keratitis. All the ganciclovir gels showed a clinical efficacy: a significant reduction of the corneal ulcer area, clouding and vascularization (p < 0.05) and a fast inhibition of HSV isolates into tear film with the 0.2% and 0.05% ganciclovir gels. However the efficacy was slower than using acyclovir ointment. No significant difference could be shown between the 0.2% and 0.05% ganciclovir gels or the 0.05% ganciclovir gel and the acyclovir treatment on viral isolation, when it was performed on pooled samples. The distribution of ganciclovir and acyclovir into the rabbit eyes (HPLC methods), were similar but markedly higher in solid tissues than ocular fluids. It might explain the recovery from tissue damages. The mean corneal ganciclovir concentrations were largely higher than ED 50 of ganciclovir for HSV-1. No toxicity was expected, due to very limited systemic availability. This study suggests a comparable activity on HSV-1 superficial keratitis between 0.05%, 0.2% ganciclovir gels and 3% acyclovir ointment. Higher concentration of ganciclovir gels are probably necessary in order to treat the HSV-1 kerato-uveitis.
Impact of ship emissions on the microphysical, optical and radiative properties of marine stratus: a case study (2006)

Abstract. Modifications of existing clouds by the exhaust of ships are well-known but inadequately quantified impacts, which could contribute to climate change. The perturbation of a cloud layer by ship-generated aerosol changes the cloud reflectivity and is identified by long curves in satellite images, known as ship tracks. As ship tracks indicate a pollution of a very clean marine environment and also affect the radiation budget below and above the cloud, it is important to investigate their radiative and climatic effects. Satellite-data from MODIS on Terra are used to examine a scene from 10 February 2003 where ship tracks were detected close to the North American West-Coast. The cloud optical and microphysical properties are derived using a semi-analytical retrieval technique combined with a look-up-table approach. An algorithm is presented to distinguish ship-track-pixels from the unperturbed cloud pixels in the scene and from this the optical properties of the former are compared to those of the latter. Within the ship tracks a significant change in the droplet number concentration, the effective radius and the optical thickness are found compared to the unaffected cloud. The resulting cloud properties are used to calculate the radiation budget below and above the cloud. Assuming a mean solar zenith angle of 63° for the selected scene, the mean solar surface radiation below the ship track is decreased by 43.2 Wm−2 and the mean reflectance at top of atmosphere (TOA) is increased by 40.8 Wm−2. For the entire analyzed scene the ship emission decreases the solar radiation at the surface by 2.1 Wm−2 and increases the backscattered solar radiation at TOA by 2.0 Wm−2, whereas no significant effect on thermal radiation was detected.
Development of a new technique for DNA single base pair mismatch analysis (2004)

Research on the development and progression of diseases has shown that single base pair mismatches in key genes can be associated with increased risk of particular cancers. Analytical techniques for determining these mismatches currently exist, but faster, simpler, and cheaper techniques are desirable. We present a new technique based upon DNA melting curve analysis using a temperature gradient established using a silicon wafer. Along one edge of a square silicon substrate, two electrical connectors are mounted to deliver electrical current from a power supply. Since both edge connectors are on the same side of the square, the current flow in the silicon substrate is highest near the edge with the connectors, and decreases as the distance from that edge increases. This non-uniform current distribution generates resistive heating in a manner which, when combined with thermal conductivity effects, results in a nearly linear gradient of measured temperature along the axis normal to the electrode mounting edge. Finite element modeling analysis confirms the results measured with infrared thermal imaging. Using a control loop consisting of a PID controller and an RTD to monitor temperature, gradients of varying temperature ranges can be established. For example, we have routinely created gradients of 0.3/spl deg/C per millimeter for the temperature range of 50 to 70/spl deg/C, with which we have experimentally shown that single base pair mismatches in a section of a commonly studied gene (N-ras gene) can be distinguished from sections which do not contain the mismatch.
The Contribution of the Toll-Like/IL-1 Receptor Superfamily to Innate and Adaptive Immunity to Fungal Pathogens In Vivo (2004)

In vitro studies have indicated the importance of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in response to the fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. However, the functional consequences of the complex interplay between fungal morphogenesis and TLR signaling in vivo remain largely undefined. In this study we evaluate the impact of the IL-1R/TLR/myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent signaling pathway on the innate and adaptive Th immunities to C. albicans and A. fumigatus in vivo. It was found that 1) the MyD88-dependent pathway is required for resistance to both fungi; 2) the involvement of the MyD88 adapter may occur through signaling by distinct members of the IL-1R/TLR superfamily, including IL-1R, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9, with the proportional role of the individual receptors varying depending on fungal species, fungal morphotypes, and route of infection; 3) individual TLRs and IL-1R activate specialized antifungal effector functions on neutrophils, which correlates with susceptibility to infection; and 4) MyD88-dependent signaling on dendritic cells is crucial for priming antifungal Th1 responses. Thus, the finding that the innate and adaptive immunities to C. albicans and A. fumigatus require the coordinated action of distinct members of the IL-1R/TLR superfamily acting through MyD88 makes TLR manipulation amenable to the induction of host resistance to fungi.
Mediation of Epstein-Barr Virus EBNA2 Transactivation by Recombination Signal-Binding Protein J <sub>κ</sub> (1994)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transactivator protein, termed Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2), plays a critical role in the regulation of latent viral transcription and in the immortalization of EBV-infected B cells. Unlike most transcription factors, EBNA2 does not bind directly to its cis-responsive DNA element but requires a cellular factor, termed C-promoter binding factor 1 (CBF1). Here, CBF1 was purified and was found to directly interact with EBNA2. CBF1 is identical to a protein thought to be involved in immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, RBPJ kappa. Contrary to previous reports, CBF1-RBPJ kappa did not bind to the recombination signal sequences but instead bound to sites in the EBV C-promoter and in the CD23 promoter.
Broad-coverage hierarchical word sense disambiguation (2005)

In naturally occurring language, hearers and readers are faced with large numbers of “ambiguous” words, i.e., words with multiple senses, and “unknown” words, i.e., words they are encountering for the first time and could not be in their lexicon. Ambiguous and unknown words seem to cause little difficulty for humans, who infer their syntactic and semantic properties on the fly to resolve ambiguities, and incorporate unknown words into their lexicons. Ambiguous and unknown words also pose problems for dictionary-based approaches in natural language processing applications. To use the information contained in the dictionary it is necessary to associate each word in the text that is being processed with one of the senses or concepts defined in the dictionary. If the word is ambiguous, it is necessary to identify the intended sense among the possible senses of the word, if it is unknown it is necessary to assign the word to one among all possible senses defined by the dictionary. The acquisition of unknown words can be seen as a disambiguation task in which the possible senses are all senses listed in the dictionary. In this thesis we formulate a single unified approach for learning unknown words, and performing word sense disambiguation. We focus on nouns but our method can be generalized to verbs and other syntactic categories. We propose a broad-coverage method which can be applied to any kind of text. We frame this problem as a pattern classification task. Each ambiguous or unknown word is classified as belonging to one of the existing concepts on the basis of morphological, syntactic and semantic properties of the contexts in which it appears. Our system takes as input an existing dictionary, which defines a hierarchy of concepts, and a corpus of textual data, and disambiguates all nouns in the corpus. We demonstrate this by disambiguating all nouns in a 40 million words collection of newspaper articles. We present empirical results from experiments carried out also with novel multi-level classification techniques, which exploit generalizations that hold at different levels of the concept hierarchy.
Clinical Trial Substantiates the Predictive Value of <b> <i>O-6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase</i> </b> Promoter Methylation in Glioblastoma Patients Treated with Temozolomide (2004)

This prospective clinical trial identifies MGMT-methylation status as an independent predictor for glioblastoma patients treated with a methylating agent. The association of the epigenetic inactivation of the DNA repair gene MGMT with better outcome in this homogenous cohort may have important implications for the design of future trials and supports efforts to deplete MGMT by O-6-benzylguanine, a noncytotoxic substrate of this enzyme.
Building and scheduling parallel adaptive applications in heterogeneous environments (1999)

In this paper we present a dynamic approach for constructing and scheduling parallel adaptive applications in heterogeneous multi-user environments (networks of workstations). Parallel adaptive applications have the property of varying their parallelism degree following the load fluctuation of the underlying environment. Our tool provides a programming facility that allows the application construction to avoid managing these complex problems and an allocation module responsible for running and scheduling application tasks. The allocation module handles also all problems related to the dynamic character of the application so that the user may not know at any time whether his application executes on one or dozens of workstations. The allocation module is completed by a scheduler which tries to make good mapping decisions and to adjust the mapping when the application reconfigures dynamically. The scheduling approach based on the dependency graphs model tries to minimize the execution time of the application by decreasing the parallelism loss situations in which some nodes allocated to the application are waiting for the work availability which must be generated by some slow nodes. This can be achieved by analysing dynamically the dep-graph structure and using the heterogeneity aspect. Encouraging results were obtained from experiments conducted on a parallel version of the Gaussian elimination application which is not well adapted to our environment.
Nonsurgical skin tightening modalities (2007)

Dr. Burns: The first patient is a 67-year-old woman who has refused surgical correction (Figure 1). Her priority is to correct the looseness under her neck and jaw line, as well as to improve her general skin condition, which has been compromised by acne damage over her cheeks and forehead. She would also like the redness in her skin addressed. Dr. Dover, how would you approach treating this woman? How would you manage her expectations, and what could you realistically offer?



Figure 1 
This 67-year-old woman has refused surgical correction but is concerned with looseness under her neck and jowls, as well as the general actinic damage on her cheeks and forehead. She would also like the redness addressed.





A. Jay Burns, MD



Dr. Dover: I think what she really needs is a face lift, even though I know she is resistant. She has a heavy face with a lot of sagging and extreme neck elasticity. Unless she has a surgical correction, she will never get dramatic improvement in her lower face. You could, however, use skin tightening devices and get some modest improvement. I have actually been pleasantly surprised that people with a significant degree of sagging do sometimes get noticeable tightening, but it is never dramatic. However, in patients such as this, I typically do not recommend nonsurgical skin tightening because the cost and time are not usually worth it. A far less significant issue, the redness, could be improved with a variety of devices, such as pulsed dye laser, a pulsed potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) green light laser, or intense pulsed light (IPL). The latter two would also help with her pigmentation. But her big issue is sagging, which is pronounced.



Jeffrey Dover, MD



Dr. Burns: Dr. Gregory, what would you suggest for this patient?

Dr. Gregory: I agree with Dr. …
The Generation of Powerful Rainbow-Color Laser Emission by Four-Wave Raman Mixing for Display and Illumination. (1998)

In order to generate a multifrequency laser emission, consisting of the entire rainbow of colors, two approaches are demonstrated and compared for commercial application, such as displays and illumination. One approach uses a second harmonic emission of a Nd:YAG laser emitting at 532 nm as the main pump beam and a dye laser, which is pumped by a part of the Nd:YAG laser, as a seed beam. These beams are coaxially aligned and are focused into two Raman cells filled with hydrogen to generate multifrequency laser emission based on four-wave Raman mixing. The other approach is more straightforward and involves an elliptically polarized second harmonic emission of a Nd:YAG laser, instead of a two-color laser beam, which is simply focused into the Raman cells. The entire rainbow colors (more than 20 emission lines from 400 nm to 800 nm) are generated in both the approaches. More efficient generation of the regular (quasi-equally spaced) spectral lines with a flatter intensity distribution is achieved by the former approach. The output power obtained is 600 mW (60 mJ×10 Hz).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Catalysis Activated by Visible Light (2015)

Abstract Review: [39 refs.
[Prostate-specific antigen and its related parameters in detecting prostate cancer]. (2003)

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most useful tumor marker available today. However, its inability to clearly distinguish between prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia may result in serial and unnecessary prostate biopsies. Various attempts have been made to improve its specificity. PSA-related parameters including PSA density, PSA density for the transition zone, age- or race-specific PSA reference range, PSA velocity, and percent free PSA are the most promising approaches available at present.