gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A freely yawing axisymmetric bluff body controlled by near-wake flow coupling (2019)

Flow-induced oscillations of a wire-mounted, freely yawing axisymmetric round bluff body and the induced loads are regulated in wind tunnel experiments (Reynolds number $60\,000<Re_{D}<200\,000$ ) by altering the reciprocal coupling between the body and its near wake. This coupling is controlled by exploiting the receptivity of the azimuthal separating shear layer at the body’s aft end to controlled pulsed perturbations effected by two diametrically opposed and independently controlled aft-facing rectangular synthetic jets. The model is supported by a thin vertical wire upstream of its centre of pressure, and prescribed modification of the time-dependent flow-induced loads enables active control of its yaw attitude. The dynamics of the interactions and coupling between the actuation and the cross-flow are investigated using simultaneous, time-resolved measurements of the body’s position and phase-locked particle image velocimetry measurements in the yawing plane. It is shown that the interactions between trains of small-scale actuation vortices and the local segment of the aft-separating azimuthal shear layer lead to partial attachment, and the ensuing asymmetric modifications of the near-wake vorticity field occur within 15 actuation cycles (approximately three convective time scales), which is in agreement with measurements of the flow loads in an earlier study. Open- and closed-loop actuation can be coupled to the natural, unstable motion of the body and thereby affect desired attitude control within 100 convective time scales, as is demonstrated by suppression or enhancement of the lateral motion.
Raf-specific IgG in sera of i (2011)

<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Use of a recombinant serovar Typhimurium strain expressing C-Raf for protection against C-Raf induced lung adenoma in mice"BMC Cancer 2005;5():15-15.Published online 9 Feb 2005PMCID:PMC549196.Copyright © 2005 Gentschev et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.n (A) or p.o/i.v. (B) immunized BxB23 mice (serum dilution 1:200) demonstrated by western blotting. Proteins of 10lysed SF9 cells expressing recombinant C-Raf [28] (lanes marked with +) or proteins of 10lysed SF9 cells (– lanes) as control were loaded per lane.
Wound Infection: A Review of Diagnosis and Treatment (1982)

Surgical wounds can become infected by a variety of organisms, leading to a variety of clinical courses. In this article, several types of infections, therapies, prognoses and prophylaxes are discussed. Skin and subcutaneous tissues infect with a range of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anerobic bacteria. Gangrenous infections, whether necrotizing fasciitis or bacterial synergistic gangrene, can be devastating or fatal. Gangrenous infection in the muscle is also discussed, and various treatments outlined. The intention is to familiarize readers with the predisposing conditions, clinical manifestations and therapeutic alternatives for these surgical infections.
A Slit-lamp Needling Filtration Procedure for Uncontrolled Glaucoma in Pseudophakic and Aphakic Eyes (1999)

In one aphakic and one pseudophakic patient without previous filtration surgery, a transconjunctival needling procedure similar to that used for failed filtration procedures was performed to create a filtering bleb. In both cases, intraocular pressure was successfully lowered for 6 months until the occurrence of bleb encapsulation, which was relieved by transconjunctival needling. There were no complications. In selected cases, this minimally invasive slit-lamp needling procedure provides successful filtration.
Removal of Thioacetal Protecting Groups by Cerium (IV) Ammonium Nitrate - Hydrolysis of 1,3-Dithiannes (1981)

Abstract In the course of our work on umpolung of α,β-ethylenic ketones and aldehydes1, the use of thioacetalised γ-ketophosphonium salts and ylids led us to investigate the hydrolysis of 1,3-dithianes. Among the known methods of removal of thioacetal protecting groups2, the one using cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) has the advantages of a fast reaction with easy work-up and good to very good yields3. This method has been widely applied for preparative purposes using four equivalents of the cerium salt. However it does not seem that a theoretical explanation has been brought for the use of such a quantity of CAN. The only one proposed4 deals with a mechanism similar to the one involving mercury (II) salts, where indeed, four equivalents of metallic salt are not necessary5.
Oxadiazon Activity is Similar to That of<i>p</i>-Nitro-Diphenyl Ether Herbicides (1989)

Oxadiazon (10 μM) caused rapid, light-dependent membrane damage to cucumber cotyledon discs. Electrolyte leakage was detected within 1 h of exposure to light, as were cytoplasmic vesiculation and breakage of the tonoplast and plasmalemma. The ultrastructure of chloroplasts was not affected until the cytoplasm was dispersed. Photosynthetic inhibitors had no effect on activity and, after a period of dark incubation with oxadiazon, there was little effect of temperature on the light-caused membrane destruction. Porphyrin synthesis inhibitors (gabaculine and 4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid) almost completely prevented the herbicidal activity of oxadiazon. Oxadiazon treatment caused accumulation of protoporphyrin IX, a photodynamic pigment. Oxadiazon caused physiological effects on cucumber cotyledons that were virtually identical to those of p -nitro-diphenyl ether herbicides like acifluorfen and its methyl ester, which have recently been shown to also cause protoporphyrin IX accumulation.
Gas-induced solid state transformation of an organic lattice: from nonporous to nanoporous (2010)

A well-known organic host, tris-o-phenylenedioxycyclotriphosphazene, exists in two polymorphic guest-free forms: the thermodynamic nonporous high-density phase and the kinetic nanoporous low-density phase. Simple pressurization of the high density phase with CO(2) brings a solid-state transformation to the low density phase, resulting in significant expansion of the crystal volume by 23%.
<title>Single-chip multimedia network access using installed in-home cable and that can be remotely managed</title> (1998)

This paper describes a solution to multimedia networking using presently installed home cable. To reach this goal a concept based on a high performance single chip has been achieved. This concept has been validated in several applications and is now available in an open VHDL or silicon format. The flexibility of this network allows high-speed data and power multiplexing on the same wire. The MediaFlow solution, described in this paper, proposed a remote management tool for distributed device interconnection such as phone, hi-fi, video control and computers in the home. This management could either be locally or remotely controlled through ATM or ISDN networks. The concept allows a service provider to take over the installation, management and maintenance of the whole network.
Perioperative and renal functional outcomes of elective robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy ( <scp>RAPN</scp> ) for renal tumours with high surgical complexity (2014)

Objective To evaluate the perioperative, postoperative and functional outcomes of robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy ( RAPN ) for renal tumours with high surgical complexity at a large volume centre. Patients and Methods Perioperative and functional outcomes of RAPNs for renal tumours with a P reoperative A spects and D imensions U sed for an A natomical ( PADUA ) score of ≥10 performed at our institution between S eptember 2006 and D ecember 2012 were collected in a prospectively maintained database and analysed. Surgical complications were graded according to the C lavien‐ D indo classification. Serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate ( eGFR ) were assessed at the third postoperative day and 3–6 months after RAPN . Results In all, 44 RAPNs for renal tumours with PADUA scores of ≥10 were included in the analysis; 23 tumours (52.3%) were cT1b . The median (interquartile range; range) operative time, estimated blood loss and warm ischaemia time ( WIT ) were 120 (94, 132; 60–230) min, 150 (80, 200; 25–1200) mL and 16 (13.8, 18; 5–35) min, respectively. Two intraoperative complications occurred (4.5%): one inferior vena caval injury and one bleed from the renal bed, which were both managed robotically. There were postoperative complications in 10 patients (22.7%), of whom four (9.1%) were high C lavien grade, including two bleeds that required percutaneous embolisation, one urinoma that resolved with ureteric stenting and one bowel occlusion managed with laparoscopic adhesiolysis. Two patients (4.5%) had positive surgical margins ( PSMs ) and were followed expectantly with no radiological recurrence at a mean follow‐up of 23 months. The mean serum creatinine levels were significantly increased after surgery (121.1 vs 89.3 μmol/L; P = 0.001), but decreased over time, with no significant differences from the preoperative values at the 6‐month follow‐up (96.4 vs 89.3 μmol/L; P = 0.09). The same trend was seen for eGFR. Conclusion In experienced hands RAPN for renal tumours with a PADUA score of ≥10 is feasible with short WIT , acceptable major complication rate and good long‐term renal functional outcomes. A slightly higher risk of PSMs can be expected due to the high surgical complexity of these lesions. The robotic technology allows a safe expansion of the indications of minimally invasive PN to anatomically very challenging renal lesions in referral centres.
Alteration of brain noradrenaline, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels during vanadium poisoning. (1979)

Effects of subacute and chronic intoxication with vanadium on the levels of noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were examined. It was shown that subacute as well as chronic intoxication caused changes in levels of biogenic amines in the rat brain. NA concentration decreased whereas DA and 5-HT levels significantly increased. Vanadium in concentrations of 10(-3) and 10(-4) M inhibited the uptake of 3H-NA by cerebral cortex slices in vitro.
An Investigation of Sulphur Transfer via Gas Phase in a Blast Furnace (1973)

As one of a series of investigations designed to establish the mechanisms of mass transfer via gas phase at the melting zone in the blast furnace, thermodynamic and kinetic investigations of S transfer from or into molten iron via gas phase has been carried out.It is clarified from the thermodynamic considerations that the molten iron is desulphurized not only by slag-metal reaction in the hearth, but also by gas-metal reaction when the molten iron is descending through the melting zone. S in metal is removed from the molten iron to gas phase as S2 or CS2 etc, and to slag phase as sulphides by gaseous alkali or alkaline earth metals produced at high temperature zone.From the experimental results on the desulphurization kinetics of the molten iron by Mg gas, it is observed that the rate of desulphurization is considerably rapid.
Theoretical study of the ionization of B2H5 (1989)

A b initio molecular orbital calculations at the G1 level of theory have been carried out on neutral B2H5 radical, doubly bridged B2H+5 cation, and the first triplet excited state of B2H+5. Singly bridged B2H5 is 4.0 kcal/mol (without zero-point energies) more stable than doubly bridged B2H5. Based on this work and previous theoretical work on triply bridged B2H+5, ionization potentials (vertical and adiabatic) are determined for B2H5. The adiabatic ionization potentials of the two B2H5 structures are 6.94 eV (singly bridged) and 7.53 eV (doubly bridged). A very large difference is found between the vertical and adiabatic ionization potentials (3.37 eV) of the singly bridged B2H5 structure. The first triplet state of B2H+5 is found to be 4.55 eV higher in energy than the lowest energy B2H+5 cation (triply bridged). The results of this theoretical study support the interpretation of Ruščić, Schwarz, and Berkowitz of their recent photoionization measurements on B2H5.
Production of Somatic Hybrid Plants between Japanese Bunching Onion(Allium fistulosum L.) and Bulb Onion(A. cepa L.) via Electrofusion. (2002)

Interspecific somatic hybrids between Japanese bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L., 2n=2x=16) and bulb onion (A. cepa L., 2n=2x=16) were produced by the electorofusion of protoplasts. A concentration of iodoacetamide (IOA), suitable for inhibiting the formation of colonies from protoplasts in Japanese bunching onion, was used. IOA-treated protoplasts of Japanese bunching onion and untreated protoplasts of bulb onion were mixed together and fused, with the expectation that only heterokaryons would selectively develop into colonies. Four hundred and seventeen colonies had formed from fusion products after a 45- day culture, of which approximately 80% developed into calli. Plant regeneration was achieved in 33 out of 325 (10.1%) calli. Some regenerants expressed abnormalities, but two were successfully transplanted in a greenhouse. Cytogenetical and DNA analyses revealed these two regenerants to be amphidiploids (2n=4x=32). Furthermore, it was shown that another three regenerants possessed the nuclear genome of Japanese bunching onion, whereas, their chloroplasts were from bulb onion. The application of these hybrids to a breeding program for Japanese bunching onion is discussed.
Inclusive<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>η</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>′</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>production from the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Υ</mml:mi><mml:mn/><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mn/></mml:math> (2003)

Using the CLEO II detector at CESR, we measure the ${\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ energy spectra in $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(1S)$ decays that we compare with models of the ${\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}{g}^{*}g$ form factor. This form factor, especially at large ${\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ energies, may provide an explanation of the large rate for $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}{X}_{s}{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}.$ Our data do not support a large anomalous coupling at higher ${q}^{2}$ and thus the large ${\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ rate remains a mystery, possibly requiring a non-standard-model explanation.
Asymmetries in Coupling Dynamics of Perception and Action (1995)

The influence of information-based dynamics on coordination dynamics of rhythmic movement was examined with special reference to the expression of asymmetries. In Experiment 1, right-handed subjects performed unimanual, rhythmical movements in coordination with either a discrete or continuous visual display. The right hand-visual display system defined a more stable perception-action collective than the left, particularly when continuous visual information was available. In Experiment 2, the same subjects performed rhythmic bimanual movements in coordination with a continuous visual display. The action collective was inherently more stable than the perception-action collective, although similar patterns were observed at both levels. Importantly, the dynamics of the perception-action collective impinged upon the dynamics of the action collective in terms of stability. Asymmetries remained evident between limbs in the bimanual preparations, with the left hand exhibiting greater limit-cycle variability and also a tendency to more often effect transitions at the action couple. Features of dynamical models that capture characteristics of manual asymmetries are discussed.
Dopamine agonist‐responsive depression (2013)

Dopaminergic dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of treatment-resistant depression. In this review, we describe the putative role of dopamine in depression, summarize the evidence for the efficacy of dopamine receptor agonists in the treatment of treatment-resistant depression, and discuss the underlying mechanisms by which these medications work. Both preclinical and clinical data suggest that adjunctive dopamine agonists could be a promising option for the treatment of such a condition, indicating that there is a dopamine agonist-responsive subgroup of depression. Future clinical studies are warranted to clarify unresolved issues regarding dopamine agonists such as long-term efficacy, efficacy as a monotherapy, and efficacy for juvenile and senile depression. Further basic research is also necessary to fully understand how dopamine acts in the brain of depressed patients.
Systemic Complement Activation in Deceased Donors Is Associated With Acute Rejection After Renal Transplantation in the Recipient (2011)

In conclusion, we found C5b-9 in the donor to be associated with acute rejection of renal transplants in the recipient. Whether targeting complement activation in the donor may ameliorate acute rejection in the recipient needs to be studied.
Chemistry of compounds with the 1-carba-closo-dodecaborane(12) framework (1986)

Synthesis of various compounds containing the 1-carba- closo -dodecaborane cage is reported. The isolated derivatives include zwitterionic 1-L-1-CB 11 H 11 (l = H 3 N and (CH 3 ) 2 S) and 12-L-1-CB 11 H 11 (L = (CH 3 ) 2 S and CH 3 SCH 2 SCH 3 ) compounds along with C-substituted derivatives of the general formula [1-X-CB 11 H 11 ] - (X = HOOC, HO, CH 3 O, HS and CH 3 S). Direct halogenation of [1-CB 11 H 12 } - produces [7,8,9,10,12-Cl 5 -1-CB 11 H 7 ] - , [7,8,9,10,11,12-X 6 -1-CB 11 H 6 ] - (X = Cl, Br), [12-I-CB 11 H 11 ] - and [7,12-I 2 -1-CB 11 H 10 ] - substituted species. Constitution of all products was established by 1 H, 11 B, IR and mass spectrometry and is supported by some chemical reactions of the compounds.
Molecular Weight Dependence of SiO2 Nanoparticle Agglomeration Behavior in Monodisperse PMMA–SiO2 Hybrid Suspension (2014)

Abstract The rapid agglomeration of SiO2 nanoparticles suspended in organic solvents, where the interactions between the PMMA chains and SiO2 are very weak and may be ignored, is, therefore, concluded to be “entanglement agglomeration mechanism” triggered by strong mutual entanglement effects occurring when the polymer chains come into contact, overlap, and mutually intrude each other at higher polymer concentrations, providing the driving force for particle agglomeration.
A stationary cold vapor method for atomic absorption measurement of mercury in blood and urine used for exposure screening (1982)

A method is provided for rapid, accurate flameless atomic absorption Hg determinations in blood and urine used for exposure screening of mercury. Instead of the conventional apparatus requiring separate reduction and absorption containers, a one-piece reduction-absorption cell was fitted on the burner mount of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. A five mL aliquot of the digested urine or blood sample was pipetted into the cell and one mL reductant added. The background corrected absorbance was recorded after three minutes of mixing. Heating the absorption cell at 60°C eliminated the formation of water vapor on the quartz windows of the tube. Sensitivity of the method was 1.0 ng which corresponds to a concentration of 0.2 ng/mL using a 5 mL sample size. The accuracy of Hg determinations in human blood and urine was confirmed by the method of standard additions of Hg to undigested samples. In order to test the applicability of the method to biological samples from Hg exposed individuals, rats were injected i.p. with 0.0 to 0.10 mg Hg as HgCl2. A dose related increase in Hg levels was observed in blood and urine collected at 24 hours after dosing. In addition, Hg was measured in human blood and urine samples obtained from 11 males not known to be recently exposed to Hg, indicating that the method is applicable to Hg exposure screening commonly used in industrial hygiene. The analysis can be conducted in less than 4 minutes each with a semi-automated sampling and cleaning capability and multiple Hg determinations performed on a single sample digest.
The Democratic Sex: Gender Differences and the Exercise of Power (2006)

ABSTRACT Few have studied differences between how women and men lead, particularly at the local level. This article addresses this gap by reporting the results of a unique study of 192 female mayors and 192 male mayors in cities with populations of over 30,000 to consider whether the female mayors emphasized different policy issues and whether the women in local leadership created alternative decision-making processes in allocating resources. Overall, the results show similarities on policy issues, the use of power, and budget issues. However, some key gender differences emerge. Female mayors were far more willing to change the budget process, be more inclusive, and seek broader participation. Finally, more women mayors than men were willing to admit fiscal problems and discuss changes in their goals. Women mayors were also more likely than their male counterparts to believe that women face gender-based obstacles in the exercise of leadership.
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Water Oxidation by Persulfate (2016)

Photocatalytic water oxidation by persulfate (Na2 S2 O8 ) with [Ru(bpy)3 ](2+) (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine) as a photocatalyst provides a standard protocol to study the catalytic reactivity of water oxidation catalysts. The yield of evolved oxygen per persulfate is regarded as a good index for the catalytic reactivity because the oxidation of bpy of [Ru(bpy)3 ](2+) and organic ligands of catalysts competes with the catalytic water oxidation. A variety of metal complexes act as catalysts in the photocatalytic water oxidation by persulfate with [Ru(bpy)3 ](2+) as a photocatalyst. Herein, the catalytic mechanisms are discussed for homogeneous water oxidation catalysis. Some metal complexes are converted to metal oxide or hydroxide nanoparticles during the photocatalytic water oxidation by persulfate, acting as precursors for the actual catalysts. The catalytic reactivity of various metal oxides is compared based on the yield of evolved oxygen and turnover frequency. A heteropolynuclear cyanide complex is the best catalyst reported so far for the photocatalytic water oxidation by persulfate and [Ru(bpy)3 ](2+) , affording 100 % yield of O2 per persulfate.
One dimensional finite element model for LR55 track system (1997)

The paper presents a two dimensional finite element model (FEM) for a new low profile rail track system (LR55) considered as plane strain problem. Adopting such a model the response of the track system to wheel loads exerted by transversely passing vehicles across the track has been adequately investigated. Linear isoparametric elements with 4-node quadrilateral and 3-node triangular shapes have been used in the discretized mesh of the whole structure. Nonhomogeneous materials with isotropic and linear elastic behavior are assumed for all the components forming the track system and the surrounding media. A purpose-built finite element program has been developed to predict the deformations, stresses and strains at any point within the track system. An example for the LR55 track system embedded in a flexible pavement has been solved. The results have demonstrated that the vertical displacement of the rail is within the allowable limit. The vertical pressure distribution in the subbase and subgrade layers has also been found to be less than the bearing capacity of a medium to good quality soil.