gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVE MODIFICATION OF THE TERMINAL AMIDE GROUP OF LINEAR POLYAMIDES VIA 2‐OXAZOLIN‐5‐ONES AS INTERMEDIATES. PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION (1981)

Abstract Die aus dem Dimethylaminoazirin (I) und den Carbonsäuren (II) erhaltenen Diamide (III) werden durch Umsetzen mit den Reagenzien (IV) unter HCl‐Katalyse selektiv zu den Derivaten (V) umfunktionalisiert.
<title>Noise and contrast comparison of visual and infrared images of hazards as seen inside an automobile</title> (2000)

The purpose of this experiment was to quantitatively measure driver performance for detecting potential road hazards in visual and infrared (IR) imagery of road scenes containing varying combinations of contrast and noise. This pilot test is a first step toward comparing various IR and visual sensors and displays for the purpose of an enhanced vision system to go inside the driver compartment. Visible and IR road imagery obtained was displayed on a large screen and on a PC monitor and subject response times were recorded. Based on the response time, detection probabilities were computed and compared to the known time of occurrence of a driving hazard. The goal was to see what combinations of sensor, contrast and noise enable subjects to have a higher detection probability of potential driving hazards.
Argonne Celebrates Earth Day 2013: It's Easy Being Green (2013)

Argonne's April 23, 2013 Earth Day celebration featured green R&D conducted at the lab and interactive displays and fun activities that engage the laboratory community.
Ophthalmic manifestations of neurofibromatosis. (1987)

The eyes of 64 patients known to have neurofibromatosis were examined. Lisch nodules were the commonest manifestation of the disease and were present in 95% of all patients (100% of those aged 16 years or older).
Worse Prognosis of Real-World Patients with Acute Heart Failure from the Czech AHEAD Registry in Comparison to Patients from the RELAX-AHF Trial (2016)

Only about one in five of all evaluated patients met criteria for the potential treatment with the new vasodilator serelaxin. AHF patients from the real clinical practice had a higher mortality when compared with patients from the randomized clinical trial.
Skin Contamination and Absorption of Chemicals from Water and Soil (2005)

Contamination of soil and water (ground and surface water) and the transfer of hazardous chemicals is a major concern. When the large surface area of skin is exposed to contaminated soil and water ...
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder comorbid oppositional defiant disorder and its predominately inattentive type: evidence for an association with COMT but not MAOA in a Chinese sample (2009)

Our study of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder comorbid oppositional defiant disorder and its predominately inattentive type highlights the potential etiologic role of COMT for ADHD children in China. But we failed to observe an interaction between COMT and MAOA, which suggests that epistasis between COMT and MAOA genes does not influence the phenotype of ADHD-IA with comorbid ODD in a clinical sample of Chinese male subjects. To confirm our findings further studies with a larger number of subjects and healthy controls are needed.
FEASIBILITY OF A FOLLOWER TYPE TRAFFIC STRING CONTROL (1978)

This work is a numerical and analytical study of the feasibility of an on-board vehicle control of files of vehicles. The control logic for individual vehicular control is based entirely on the absolute velocity of the vehicle and its displacement and velocity relative to the preceding vehicle. All are easily measured quantities and the resulting control gives constant time-headway spacing. Stability properties are considered from a systems viewpoint involving the entire vehicle file rather than one or two vehicles. The dynamical system does not include automatic steering and thus easily adaptable dual mode characteristics. (TRRL)
Resorbable polymer fibers for ligament augmentation (2001)

Resorbable augmentation devices for cruciate ligament surgery have been developed to temporarily protect healing tendon grafts or sutured ligaments against high tensile loads during the postoperative healing period. Materials available at present [e.g., polydioxanone (PDS)] show a half-life tensile strength of only 4-6 weeks, whereas the process of revitalization and recovering of the transplanted tendon graft can take up to 12 months. Therefore, a device that provides gradually decreasing mechanical properties with a half-time strength of at least 6 months would be desirable. In order to obtain a suitable material, we investigated the degradation kinetics of a variety of different resorbable fibers made of poly(L-lactide) and poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide). The fiber materials differed in processing and treatment parameters like thermal posttreatment, irradiation, and fiber diameter. The fibers were degraded in vitro and were tested for mechanical properties and molecular weight at various time points up to 72 weeks. The half-time strength of the materials ranged between 5 and 64 weeks, depending on their treatment parameters. In contrast, the stiffness did not decrease adequately. However, an augmentation stiffness that does not change much versus time could not provide a gradual increase in graft load, which is important to stimulate the orientation of the collagenous tissue. Therefore, design of an augmentation construct braided out of more than one quickly degrading fiber materials is suggested. After the breakdown of the faster-degrading fiber components the stiffness would automatically decrease by the diminution of the load-carrying fiber volume.
Entropic trapping and sieving of long DNA molecules in a nanofluidic channel (1999)

Entropic trapping of long DNA was demonstrated in an artificial channel, fabricated by silicon based lithography and etching techniques. This channel consisted of alternating thick and thin regions, where the thickness of the thin region was as small as 90 nm. The electrophoretic mobility of long DNA molecules in this channel was measured as a function of the applied electric field. Because the radius of gyration of DNA used was much larger than the thin gap, DNA molecules were trapped when they moved from the thick to the thin region. This trapping determined the mobility of DNA in the system. Surprisingly, longer DNA molecules moved faster than shorter DNA molecules in the channel. This may be due to the fact that a larger DNA molecule has a better chance of escaping entropic traps because of the larger contact area with the thin slit. This device could enable fast manipulation and separation of long polymers.
Investigating the use of stochastic forecast for RTC of urban drainage systems Investigation sur l'usage de la prevision stochastique pour la gestion en temps réel d'un système d'assainissement (2013)

Real time control is considered a mean to efficiently improve the performance of urban drainage systems. A globally optimal utilisation of e.g. storage volume in basins can best be achieved by considering runoff forecasts in the decision setup. These forecasts, however, are subject to significant uncertainty. This uncertainty should be considered in the decision making. An approach that incorporates stochastic multistep runoff predictions from so-called greybox models into a real time control setup is presented. These models provide a dynamic description of forecast uncertainties and they simultaneously allow a continuous adaption of the model states to observed runoff. Methods for generating stochastic forecasts and incorporating these into the decision making framework are described. Using two sample events, the forecast quality is compared to state-of-the-art deterministic forecasting models and the effect on control decisions and the resulting overflow volume is evaluated. We can demonstrate potential of the stochastic models but identify a need for model adaptivity and modified model structures that allow for a more general modelling of forecast uncertainties.
Refolding of biotech therapeutic proteins expressed in bacteria: review (2013)

Abstract The efficiency of the protein refolding process lies in identification of the optimal conditions. However, a number of challenges need to be overcome to achieve this. This review first describes the protein refolding process that is utilized presently for production of protein therapeutics. Next, it discusses the various shortcomings that exist with respect to the present approach. The focus of the paper is on presentation of the significant advancements that have been made in the past decade in the various aspects of protein folding, including use of bioinformatics, mechanistic modeling, analytical monitoring, process optimization, use of additives, high throughput development, on‐column refolding, Quality by Design ( QbD ), Process Analytical Technology ( PAT ), and process intensification. Finally, an approach is proposed that incorporates the best practices that have been identified in the various areas. The paper is expected to be of interest to those in academia and industry working in the area of protein refolding. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.
CD-SEM suitability for CD metrology of modern photomasks (1999)

The requirements of the semiconductor industry, as evidenced by the SIA roadmap, are driving the reticle development cycle at an ever-increasing rate. With the current trends towards employing optical proximity corrections (OPC) to features to improve image transfer to the wafer, as well as development of phase shift masks (PSM), both targeting to extend the range of optical lithography, even more emphasis is being placed on photomask quality. Along with enhanced performance pattern generation and inspection tools, metrology tools capabilities need to be up to the task. This paper chronicles the development and optimization of a CD-SEM (Critical Dimension - - Scanning Electron Microscope) as a metrology tool for mask production. Accuracy, linearity and precision were investigated with the emphasis on improving both dynamic and static precision. Algorithm evaluation was focused at improving the confidence in the measurement, and its correlation with the on-wafer CD. Accuracy was compared to pitch values written by an advanced e-beam lithography tool as well as an AFM. New algorithms were developed to address the growing requirement in two-dimensional metrology, as well as pattern fidelity issues that are facing the mask industry.
The N-Terminal Repeat Domain of α-Synuclein Inhibits β-Sheet and Amyloid Fibril Formation (2002)

The conversion of alpha-synuclein into amyloid fibrils in the substantia nigra is linked to Parkinson's disease. Alpha-synuclein is natively unfolded in solution, but can be induced to form either alpha-helical or beta-sheet structure depending on its concentration and the solution conditions. The N-terminus of alpha-synuclein comprises seven 11-amino acid repeats (XKTKEGVXXXX) which can form an amphipathic alpha-helix. Why seven repeats, rather than six or eight, survived the evolutionary process is not clear. To probe this question, two sequence variants of alpha-synuclein, one with two fewer (del2) and one with two additional (plus2) repeats, were studied. As compared to wild-type alpha-synuclein, the plus2 variant disfavors the formation of beta-sheet-rich oligomers, including amyloid fibrils. In contrast, the truncated variant, del2, favors beta-sheet and fibril formation. We propose that the repeat number in WT alpha-synuclein represents an evolutionary balance between the functional conformer of alpha-synuclein (alpha-helix and/or random coil) and its pathogenic beta-sheet conformation. N-terminal truncation of alpha-synuclein may promote pathogenesis.
Transuranic interfacial reaction studies on manganese oxide mineral surfaces (2002)

Several DOE sites have been contaminated by transuranic radionuclide (TRU) discharges including neptunium and plutonium. Their interaction with the surrounding geological media can affect the transport and remediation of these radionuclides in the environment. Manganese based minerals, present as minor phases in the vadose zone, can preferentially sequester TRU over other minerals present in larger quantities. The objective of this project is to understand the interactions between plutonium and neptunium and manganese oxyhydroxide minerals to predict potential hazards they represent to the environment, as well as to provide important scientific information for the design of effective remediation strategies for contaminated DOE sites.
Delayed fracture healing in iNOS knockout mice (2004)

Safadi, Fayez F. PhD; Stapleton, Philip P. PhD; Freeman, Tracy A. BA; Casteneda, Julian L. BA; Arango, Israel MD; Popoff, Steven N. PhD; Daly, John M. MD, FACS Author Information
Interaction of low density lipoproteins with human aortic elastin. (1991)

Interaction between lipoproteins and elastin in the arterial wall may play an important role in atherosclerotic lipid deposition, but binding affinities and other characteristics of the interaction have not been determined previously. Elastin was isolated by hot alkali treatment of human aortic tissue. At 4 degrees C, radioiodinated human low density lipoprotein (LDL) bound to more than one class of binding sites on elastin. Sites of highest affinity had an apparent dissociation constant of 3.6 x 10(-8) M. Total binding at an LDL concentration of 50 micrograms/ml ranged from 4 to 50 ng LDL protein/mg elastin. The binding was relatively specific, since binding was competitively inhibited by LDL and apo E-containing high density lipoprotein (HDL) but only modestly by HDL3. Atherosclerotic elastin exhibited a twofold to fourfold higher capacity for binding LDL, but a reduced affinity. At 37 degrees C, normal elastin exhibited an initial rapid binding of LDL, with a slower linear phase of binding over a 15-hour period, indicating an additional complex process at this temperature. Consideration of the expected LDL concentrations in the arterial intima, in comparison with binding affinities, suggests that LDL binding to elastin probably occurs in the intima and may foster atherosclerotic lipid deposition.
Clinical Comparison Between a Currently Available Single-Loop and an Investigational Dual-Channel Endorectal Receive Coil for Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2013)

The investigational NG-ERC for prostate imaging outperforms the current clinically available ERC in terms of SNR and is feasible for continued development for future use as the next generation endorectal coil for prostate imaging in clinical practice.
[Rupture of a subcapsular liver hematoma in the postpartum period associated with HELLP syndrome]. (1990)

We describe the case of a 31-year-old woman who underwent a section caesarean and 24 hours later a laparotomy for treatment of a ruptured subcapsular liver hematoma due to a HELLP syndrome. The HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets count) is a serious complication of the pregnancy with or without eclampsia. This complication has a high mortality and morbidity and can occur during the pregnancy or after delivery. The diagnosis of a subcapsular hematoma of the liver should be considered in patients with acute abdominal pain in the last trimenon or just after delivery. Laparotomy must be performed at the first signs of hemodynamic instability.
Automated Processing of 2-D Gel Electrophoretograms of Genomic DNA for Hunting Pathogenic DNA Molecular Changes. (1999)

We have developed the automated processing algorithms for 2-dimensional (2-D) electrophoretograms of genomic DNA based on RLGS (Restriction Landmark Genomic Scanning) method, which scans the restriction enzyme recognition sites as the landmark and maps them onto a 2-D electrophoresis gel. Our powerful processing algorithms realize the automated spot recognition from RLGS electrophoretograms and the automated comparison of a huge number of such images. In the final stage of the automated processing, a master spot pattern, on which all the spots in the RLGS images are mapped at once, can be obtained. The spot pattern variations which seemed to be specific to the pathogenic DNA molecular changes can be easily detected by simply looking over the master spot pattern. When we applied our algorithms to the analysis of 33 RLGS images derived from human colon tissues, we successfully detected several colon tumor specific spot pattern changes.
Prognostic Study of Cardiac Events in Japanese High Risk Hemodialysis Patients Using <sup>123</sup>I‐BMIPP‐SPECT: B‐SAFE Study Design (2008)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Such patients frequently develop complications such as asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD). Accordingly, CAD must ideally be diagnosed at an early stage to improve prognosis. Although myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is valuable for diagnosing CAD, the stress test is not always applicable to patients on hemodialysis. Thus, we proposed a multicenter, prospective cohort study called "B-SAFE" to investigate the applicability of resting (123)I-labeled beta-methyl-iodophenylpentadecanoic acid ((123)I-BMIPP)-SPECT will be used to diagnose cardiac disease and evaluate the prognosis of hemodialysis patients by imaging myocardial fatty acid metabolism. B-SAFE began enrolling patients from June 2006 at 48 facilities. We performed (123)I-BMIPP-SPECT on 702 hemodialysis patients with risk factors for CAD until 30 November 2007 and plan to follow up for three years. The primary endpoints will be cardiac death and sudden death. This study should end in 2010.
Adaptive Chemoenzymatic Microreactors Composed of Inorganic Nanoparticles and Bioinspired Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (2020)

Abstract The assembly of protein and inorganic nanoparticles represents an attractive approach to generate composite materials with multiple functions. Herein, we functionalize inorganic nanoparticles with intrinsically disordered protein domains associated with the formation of membraneless compartments in cells. These protein sequences, defined as low complexity domains (LCDs), encode intermolecular interactions that drive highly controlled, dynamic self‐assembly in response to environmental changes. We show that the properties of the LCDs can be transferred to inorganic nanoparticles, inducing controlled phase separation that is dynamic and responsive to ionic strength and pH. Specifically, we hybridize magnetic nanoparticles with multi‐domain proteins consisting of LCD domains and a globular enzyme, generating dynamic protein‐composite compartments that locally confine hybrid chemoenzymatic reactions and respond to external magnetic fields and changes in solution conditions.
<title>New liposome-bound Ge(IV)-phthalocyanine (CGP 55398) for photodynamic therapy of tumors: preliminary studies</title> (1994)

A phthalocyanine derivative with two cholesterol moieties as axial ligands to the central Ge(IV) ion efficiently photosensitizes the oxidative modification of L-tryptophan. Administration of liposome-bound GePc to Balb/c mice bearing a MS-2 fibrosarcoma yields a quantitative release of the dye to serum lipoproteins, followed by a selective accumulation in the tumor as well as a low content in the skin. At 24 h after injection of 0.76 mg/kg GePc, the tumor was irradiated with 600 - 700 nm light; tumor necrosis appeared in all treated mice as a consequence of extensive damage of cellular and stromal elements.
<title>Adaptive vectorial speckle filtering in SAR images based on fuzzy clustering criteria</title> (1996)

This paper deals with adaptive vector filtering of speckling in SAR images. The proposed method is based on the ordering of the vector data. The vector order is obtained by an Euclidean distance calculated from the center of a set of vectors. The local variation coefficient has been introduced for filter adaptivity. This coefficient is a reflection of the generalization of local scalar variation towards a case of a vectorial variation. For this purpose we use the fuzzy cluster analysis domain.In each large window, we decompose data into two groups using the fuzzy center mobile algorithm. The Euclidian distance between the two group centers provides good information about local variation in the window. In a homogeneous area this distance is minimal whereas it is considerable in the heterogeneous area. The global distribution of this distance coming from all windows of the image determine the threshold value. According to the local variation value, the vector will be treated in two different ways. If the local variation is less than the threshold value then we use a classic mean filtering. Otherwise, we replace the vector of interest by another ordered vector. Its choice depends on the local variation value.
Orthodontic extraction: conservative treatment of impacted mandibular third molar associated with a dentigerous cyst. A case report. (2004)

A 53-year-old man exhibited a large dentigerous cyst associated with a deep vertical impaction of his left mandibular third molar where a close anatomic relationship existed between the root and the mandibular canal. After consultation, it was decided to perform marsupialization of the cyst, to extrude the third molar orthodontically, and then to extract it. This combined orthodontic-surgical approach was successful.
Catheter-Based Modification of Heart Valve Diseases: From Experimental to Clinical Application (2007)

Efforts to modify cardiac valve defects using catheter-based techniques are increasing at the present time. We present observations on cardiac valve morphology and disease and review the progress being made to address valve defects with these innovative methods. Some new procedures developed through animal experimentation have already been put to use in clinical practice, but the newness of these techniques and the small number of cases in which they have been applied to date precludes an evaluation of their long-term durability. Although at the present time cardiac surgery remains the standard for treating most cases of valve disease, in certain situations a catheter-based treatment might provide a reasonable alternative, even if only temporary, especially for individuals with serious disease who are not suitable candidates for surgery.
Clipping and predistortion for compensation of OFDM-Radio over Fiber link distortion (2015)

A combined clipping/predistortion scheme is proposed and demonstrated for the distortion compensation of OFDM-Radio over Fiber links at baseband. In this scheme, a memory-polynomial-based predistorter and a simple amplitude clipping method are used. No specific filter is used after the clipping function, which reduces the implementation complexity. Experimental results confirm that the proposed approach gives significantly better performance compared to the digital predistortion (without clipping) approach for highly distorted OFDM RoF links. Changes in the OFDM signal's PAPR through the RoF link are analysed for the predistortion schemes with and without clipping. As a result of this, a way of optimizing the performance of the clipping/predistortion approach is proposed.