gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature dependence of the thermoreflectance coefficient of gold by the use of a phase-locked single-point measurement approach (2018)

Thermoreflectance is a non-contact optical thermography technique that measures the change in the surface temperature of a reflective material, and that has found promising applicability in the characterization of microelectronic devices. As with all temperature measurement approaches, obtaining absolute temperatures requires a calibration step in order to relate the change in reflectance to the change in temperature. In the general literature up to this point, the relation had been assumed to be linear, and the Thermoreflectance Coefficient, C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TR</sub> , that relates the changes in temperature and reflectance had been assumed to be constant. This study investigates the linear assumption by carefully measuring the variation of C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TR</sub> of Gold between 25°C and 100°C. The measurements are performed at a fixed wavelength of light using a high precision setup that takes single-point phase-locked differential measurements. The results show that the coefficient is not constant as had been previously assumed, but rather gradually decreases from 4x10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> to 3 x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> as the calibration temperature increases in the range from 25°C to 100°C. The effect of this deviation from the linear assumption on the accuracy of microscopy tools is an error in excess of 10°C at 100°C when calibrating between 20°C and 40°C for the studied wavelength.
3D RTM-based wave-path tomography: theory and applications to synthetic and field data (2015)

Summary We present a new method of 3D RTM-based wave-path tomography, to overcome the difficulties of ray-tracing in complex media, and to make velocity model building consistent with RTM imaging. Residual move-out from RTM wide-azimuth angle gathers is used as input for the tomographic equations. The sensitivity of the residual move-out with respect to velocity perturbations is derived in the wave-theoretic framework, and computed using a two-way wave-equation propagator. For reasons of efficiency, only stationary shots for the selected picks are used in computing the sensitivity kernels. We present the successful applications of this method to a synthetic wide-azimuth land dataset, and a real dataset from an ocean bottom seismic survey.
Fluid Models for Traffic and Pricing (2003)

Fluid dynamics models provide a powerful deterministic technique to approximate stochasticity in a variety of application areas. In this paper, we study two classes of fluid models, investigate their relationship as well as some of their applications. This analysis allows us to provide analytical models of travel times as they arise in dynamically evolving environments, such as transportation networks as well as supply chains. In particular, using the laws of hydrodynamic theory, we first propose and examine a general second order fluid model. We consider a first-order approximation of this model and show how it is helpful in analyzing the dynamic traffic equilibrium problem. Furthermore, we present an alternate class of fluid models that are traditionally used in the context of dynamic traffic assignment. By interpreting travel times as price/inventory-sojourn-time relationships, we are also able to connect this approach with a tractable fluid model in the context of dynamic pricing and inventory management. Finally, we investigate the relationship between these two classes of fluid models.
Role of TWIST proteins in cancer progression (2011)

The TWIST proteins are embryonic transcription factors that play key roles in embryonic development. W hile they remain largely undetectable in healthy adult tissue s, both TWIST1 and TWIST2 genes are frequently reactivated in a wide array of human cancers, where they invariably correlate with more aggressive, invasive and metast atic lesions. In the last decade, the role of TWIST proteins in canc er has been deeply investigated, now offering a gen eral overview how these transcription factors might promote tumor progression. In this review, we aim to summarize t he current state of knowledge on TWIST oncogenic functions and to describe how hijacking embryonic processes by tumor cells is to
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐(2‐Hydroxyaryl)‐1,2,3‐selenadiazoles as Precursors of Benzofuran‐2‐selenolates. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparison of ns2.34's ZigBee/802.15.4 implementation to Memsic's IRIS Motes (2011)

In this paper, Wireless Personal Area Network (IEEE 802.15.4) wireless channel utilization using Memsic (formerly Crossbow) IRIS Motes is measured and compared to ns2.34 simulation and theoretical models. Results show divergence between calculated, simulated and experimental results at higher throughput. Experimental results also highlight the limitations of the MoteWorks framework with regard to channel throughput measurements. A set of mitigation strategies is outlined to improve future research efforts aiming to characterize the validity of simulation models using the Memsic wireless sensor nodes.
Improved computational efficiency via near-field localization (1993)

The coefficient matrix which results when one applies the method of moments to the solution of the electric field integral equation is rendered sparse by appropriate selection of basis functions. These new basis functions arise when equivalent sources are arranged in such a manner as to produce a field focused on the bounding surface. The local nature of the focused fields reduces to a negligible level the interactions represented by many of the off-diagonal elements of the coefficients matrix. Moreover, the resulting basis appears to represent the surface fields more efficiently than many of the commonly used bases. The technique is currently limited to closed structures. Its application is demonstrated in two dimensions by computing the scattering of a plane wave by circular and square perfectly conducting cylinders. As the electrical size of the structure is increased and the number of unknowns is correspondingly increased, that the number of significant matrix elements per row is shown to remain approximately constant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Diagnosing malaria in pregnancy: an update (2012)

Pregnancy malaria (PM) due to Plasmodium falciparum is a major cause of morbidity and mortality for women and their offspring, but is difficult to recognize and diagnose. During PM, parasites typically sequester in the placenta, whereas peripheral blood smears often appear negative. In addition, many infected women remain asymptomatic, especially in areas of high transmission where systemic immunity is high, although sequelae including maternal anemia and intrauterine growth retardation develop insidiously and increase mortality. New rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have shown promise for malaria diagnosis in nonpregnant individuals, including a product recently approved by the US FDA for use in the USA. However, the sensitivity and specificity of RDTs for diagnosis of PM may be suboptimal. Here, we review the methods that are used to detect or diagnose PM, including blood smear microscopy, RDTs, PCR-based methods, and finally placental histology, which is often cited as the gold standard for use in research studies and clinical trials.
"Ideal" Directly Executed Languages: An Analytical Argument for Emulation (1974)

Several methods of evaluating user programs are analyzed with respect to space and time requirements. The concept of an "ideal" directly executed language is introduced and it is argued that the "ideal" directly executed language for a contemporary computing system will not be either its source language or the language accepted by its base machine.
Online Learning in The Manifold of Low-Rank Matrices (2010)

When learning models that are represented in matrix forms, enforcing a low-rank constraint can dramatically improve the memory and run time complexity, while providing a natural regularization of the model. However, naive approaches for minimizing functions over the set of low-rank matrices are either prohibitively time consuming (repeated singular value decomposition of the matrix) or numerically unstable (optimizing a factored representation of the low rank matrix). We build on recent advances in optimization over manifolds, and describe an iterative online learning procedure, consisting of a gradient step, followed by a second-order retraction back to the manifold. While the ideal retraction is hard to compute, and so is the projection operator that approximates it, we describe another second-order retraction that can be computed efficiently, with run time and memory complexity of O ((n + m)k) for a rank-k matrix of dimension m × n, given rank-one gradients. We use this algorithm, LORETA, to learn a matrixform similarity measure over pairs of documents represented as high dimensional vectors. LORETA improves the mean average precision over a passive- aggressive approach in a factorized model, and also improves over a full model trained over pre-selected features using the same memory requirements. LORETA also showed consistent improvement over standard methods in a large (1600 classes) multi-label image classification task. 1
Astrophysical S factor for dd interaction at ultralow energies (2001)

Experimental results are presented that were obtained by measuring the astrophysical S factor for dd interaction at very low deuteron collision energies by using the liner-plasma technique. The experiment was performed at the high-current generator of the High-Current Electronics Institute (Tomsk, Russia). The values found for the S factor at the deuteron collision energies of 1.80, 2.06, and 2.27 keV are S dd=114±68, 64±30, and 53±16 keV b, respectively. The corresponding dd cross sections obtained as the product of the barrier factor and the measured astrophysical S factor are σ (E col=1.80 keV)=(4.3±2.6)×10−33cm2, σ (E col=2.06 keV)=(9.8±4.6)×10−33cm2, and σ (E col=2.27 keV)=(2.1±0.6)×10−32cm2.
<title>From sensor to shooter</title> (2003)

With the on coming delivery of the French Recce NG system to the French Air Force and the French Navy, the French Forces will acquire soon a full IMINT system, and a main brick in the C4ISR loop. Furthermore, the technical choices of a full digital imagery chain from sensor to image dissemination via on board recording and transmission, allow Real Time (RT) or near real Time (NRT) exploitation and induce large savings in time within the short tactical loop from Sensor to Shooter.
CONTINUOUS DENITRATION--DESIGN SPECIFICATION LETTER NO. 1 (1955)

Design and technical specifications are outlined for equipment designed for the continuous calcination of UNH to UO/sub 2/. (C.W.H.)
Enhancement of factor VIIa haemostatic efficacy by formulation with PEGylated liposomes (2008)

Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) is an effective treatment of the haemophilia patient with inhibitors and acquired haemophilia. However, on account of its relatively short half-life (HL), achieving therapeutic efficacy with FVIIa requires repeated injections. The development of a long-acting FVIIa product would therefore be beneficial. The formulation of factor VIII with PEGylated liposomes (PEGLip) was previously shown to extend the bleeding-free period in haemophilia patients. We report here an enhancement of haemostatic efficacy by similarly formulating FVIIa with PEGLip. Surface plasmon resonance analysis indicated that FVIIa binds non-covalently but with high affinity and specificity to PEGLip. A one-stage clotting assay demonstrated that formulation of FVIIa with PEGLip does not affect FVIIa activity and stability. A pharmacokinetic study in rats demonstrated that PEGLip formulation of FVIIa extends circulation time and results in higher FVIIa levels several hours after injection. Thromboelastography experiments indicated that PEGLip-FVIIa induces faster clot formation and higher clot stability than standard formulated FVIIa. These results suggest that formulation of FVIIa with PEGLip may lead to a safe and effective long-acting FVIIa that improves the care of haemophilic patients with inhibitors and acquired haemophilia.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISTRY OF FORMATION OF THIETANE, THIOLANE, AND THIANE DERIVATIVES IN CYCLIZATIONS OF DICHLORO ALCOHOLS AND CHLOROOXIRANES (1977)

Abstract Stereospezifische Cyclisierungsreaktionen der Verbindungen (I), (IV), (V) und (VI) mit K28 werden untersucht: Aus (Ia) bzw. (Ib) werden die Produkte (IIa) und (IIIa) (21 z79‐Gemisch) bzw. (IIb) und (IIIb) (14:86) erhalten; aus (IVa)/(IVb) (Gemisch) wie aus (Va)/(Vb) entstehen jeweils Gemische von (IIa), (IIb), (IIIa) und (IIIb) (21:9:45:25 bzw. 16:12:40:32), und aus (VIa) bzw. (VIb) werden die Verbindungen (VIIa) und (VIIIa) (60:40) bzw. (VIIb) und (VIIIb) (61:39) gebildet.
Structural Machines as Unconventional KnowledgeProcessors (2020)

Knowledge systems often have very sophisticated structures depicting cognitive andstructural entities. For instance, representation of knowledge in the form of a text involves thestructure of this text. This structure is represented by a hypertext, which is networks consisting oflinguistic objects, such as words, phrases and sentences, with diverse links connecting them.Current computational machines and automata such as Turing machines process information inthe form of symbol sequences. Here we discuss based the methods of structural machinesachieving higher flexibility and efficiency of information processing in comparison with regularmodels of computation. Being structurally universal abstract automata, structural machines allowworking directly with knowledge structures formed by knowledge objects and connectionsbetween them.
SCHIFF BASES OF L-LYSINE: MICROWAVE INDUCED SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY (2015)

L-Lysine, also called 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid or alpha-epsilon-diaminocaproic acid is an essential amino acid which recently is being studied for its effects in different conditions, such as: herpes infections, cold sores, osteoporosis, anxiety, migraines etc. Aim: This paper is focused on the synthesis of new L-lysine compounds with a potential antioxidant activity. Material and Methods: The chemical synthesis is microwave induced and consists in the condensation of H-Lys (Boc)-OMe hydrochloride with various benzaldehyde (3-hydroxy/4-methyl-/4-chloro-/4-fluoro-/4-bromo-benzaldehyde and benzaldehyde) resulting the corresponding Schiff bases. Results: The chemical structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by spectral methods (IR, 1H-NMR) and the antioxidant potential was evaluated by determining the antiradical effect using the free radical DPPH and radical cation ABTS.+ assays. Conclusions: Following the protocol new Schiff bases of H-Lys (Boc)-OMe hydrochloride were synthesized and characterized by physico-chemical and spectral methods. The evaluation of antioxidant potential using in vitro methods showed that the compound synthetized by condensation with 3-hydroxy benzaldehyde is the most active.
Angiotensin formation in the isolated rat hindlimb (1989)

Local vascular generation of angiotensin was investigated in isolated perfused rat hindquarters. Extraction and combined high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/radioimmunoassay analysis of hindlimb perfusate showed a spontaneous release of angiotensin I (Ang I; 5.0 +/- 3.4 fmol/h) and angiotensin II (Ang II; 31.8 +/- 7.9 fmol/h). Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition with captopril abolished Ang II release while Ang I levels increased more than 10-fold. Perfusion with purified hog renin caused a dose-dependent angiotensin release and vasoconstriction. The renin inhibitor H-142 abolished all effects of renin whereas ACE inhibition prevented Ang II formation and vasoconstriction but increased Ang I levels. Metabolism and pressor effects of synthetic tetradecapeptide renin substrate (TDP), Ang I and Ang II were studied using a recirculating rat hindlimb perfusion system. TDP-dependent formation of Ang I and II, and an increase in perfusion pressure was shown; ACE inhibition reduced but did not abolish Ang II formation and vasoconstriction. Ang I was converted to Ang II by about 50% during one pass through a hindlimb. This conversion was abolished by ACE inhibition. These data add support to the presence of a functional vascular renin-angiotensin system.
Drift-Velocity Closure Relationships for Slug Two-Phase High-Viscosity Oil Flow in Pipes (2012)

Summary The drift velocity of a gas bubble penetrating into a stagnant liquid is investigated experimentally in this paper. It is part of the translational slug velocity. The existing equations for the drift velocity are either developed by using the results of Benjamin (1968) analysis assuming inviscid fluid flow or correlated using air/water data. Effects of surface tension and viscosity usually are neglected. However, the drift velocity is expected to be affected by high oil viscosity. In this study, the work of Gokcal et al. (2009) has been extended for different pipe diameters and viscosity range. The effects of high oil viscosity and pipe diameter on drift velocity for horizontal and upward-inclined pipes are investigated. The experiments are performed on a flow loop with a test section with 50.8-, 76.2-, and 152.4-mm inside diameter (ID) for inclination angles of 0 to 90°. Water and viscous oil are used as test fluids. New correlation for drift velocity in horizontal pipes of different diameters and liquid viscosities is developed on the basis of experimental data. A new drift-velocity model/approach are proposed for high oil viscosity, valid for inclined pipes inclined from horizontal to vertical. The proposed comprehensive closure relationships are expected to improve the performance of two-phase-flow models for high-viscosity oils in the slug flow regime.
Robust active-reactive power control of a doubly-fed induction generator (2002)

In this paper a torque tracking and reactive-power regulating controller for doubly-fed induction generator is developed. This solution doesn't need stator current measurements and shows good robustness with respect to parameter uncertainties and measurement errors. Hence machine characterization is not critical and a standard position/velocity sensor (encoder) can be used. The Lyapunov-like method and back-stepping procedure are used to design the controller. A particular starting procedure has been developed in order to minimize initial transient after connection of the generator to the line grid.
Thirty-six human monoclonal immunoglobulins with antibody activity against cytoskeleton proteins, thyroglobulin, and native DNA: immunologic studies and clinical correlations (1983)

Six hundred and twelve monoclonal Ig (MIg) were studied for their antibody activity against the following autoantigens: actin, tubulin, thyroglobulin, myosin, myoglobin, fetuin, albumin, transferrin, and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Of these 612 MIg, 36 (i.e., 5.75%) were shown to possess antibody activity. Thirty-two of these 36 (5.22% of the total) were mainly directed against actin. The four others were directed, respectively, against tubulin, myosin, thyroglobulin, and dsDNA. The interaction of the MIg with the respective antigen was demonstrated by immunoenzymatic methods with monospecific antisera and by blotting experiments. Furthermore, this interaction in the 12 cases studied was mediated by the dimeric fragment F(ab')2 of the MIg. The MIg with antitubulin, antithyroglobulin, and anti-dsDNA activities were exclusively inhibited by their homologous antigens. Those with antiactin activity were predominantly inhibited by actin and also by tubulin and thyroglobulin. The one binding to myosin was, for the most part, inhibited by myosin and also significantly by actin and tubulin. Retrospective clinical analysis was possible for 31/36 patients. Twenty-six of 31 had malignant lymphoplasmocytic disorders. The five others were followed for miscellaneous disorders without overt signs of multiple myeloma (MM) or Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM). The correlation between the antibody activity of the MIg and the clinical features is discussed. These results indicate that a high proportion of MIg possess antibody activity against actin (5.22%). This incidence contrasts sharply with the positive reactions found toward all the other antigens tested: only one each for dsDNA, tubulin, thyroglobulin, and myosin, and none against myoglobin, fetuin, albumin, and transferrin. The significance of these results and the relationship between MIg and natural antibodies are discussed.
Architecture and functional traits of semi-arid shrub species in Cabo de Gata Natural Park, SE Spain (2009)

The basic architectural features of 45 shrub species representing 12 families are described from a Mediterranean semi-arid shrubland in the location of Cabo de Gata (SE Spain).Six different architectural models were recognized: Scarrone, Rauh, Holttum, Leeuwenberg, Champagnat and Corner.The Tomlinson model was recognized as a variation with basitonic repetition of the Rauh, Corner, Leeuwenberg and Holttum models.The sympodic variant of the Scarrone model was the most common in our study area.Functional traits such as plant height, lateral spread and plant coverage were correlated with the architectural models.Small shrubs up to 0.6 m height with reduced lateral spread (0.1-0.25 m) and plant coverage (0.5-1 m 2 ) were likely to have sympodic growth patterns, acrotonic dichasial branching and terminal inflorescences.Inversely, large shrubs up to 1-3 m in height, with large canopies (1-3 m 2 ), and well developed lateral spread (> 0.25 m) were likely to have a determinate growth pattern with lateral inflorescences.The first group have species which grow following the sympodic variant of the Scarrone model, whereas the second group presents species following the Rauh model and includes thorny shrubs from the climax communities.
Aflatoxin Reduction by Screening Farmers Stock Peanuts (1990)

Abstract Samples from 17 loads of farmers stock peanuts suspected of containing aflatoxin were screened over a belt cleaner, shelled, and sorted into grade components. Tests showed that removal of loose shelled kernels (LSK) and small pods by belt screening reduced aflatoxin levels by an average of 35%. Belt screening removed 97% by weight of the LSK, but only 4% of the sound mature kernels and sound splits (SMK+SS). Further removal of other edibles (OE), oil stock (OS), LSK, and damaged kernels (DK) from the peanuts riding over (OVERS) the belt screen reduced aflatoxin levels from an average of 110.7 ppb in the unscreened load to 3.8 ppb in SMK+SS. The OE, OS, LSK and DK were removed from the OVERS through the use of slotted screens and by sorting.