gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Model Analysis for Quantitative Evaluation of Liver Fibrosis Based on Ultrasound Tissue Elasticity Imaging (2012)

Precise evaluation of the stage of chronic hepatitis C with respect to fibrosis has become an important issue to prevent the occurrence of cirrhosis and to initiate appropriate therapeutic intervention such as viral eradication using interferon. Ultrasound tissue elasticity imaging, i.e., elastography can visualize tissue hardness/softness, and its clinical usefulness has been studied to detect and evaluate tumors. We have recently reported that the texture of elasticity image changes as fibrosis progresses. To evaluate fibrosis progression quantitatively on the basis of ultrasound tissue elasticity imaging, we introduced a mechanical model of fibrosis progression and simulated the process by which hepatic fibrosis affects elasticity images and compared the results with those clinical data analysis. As a result, it was confirmed that even in diffuse diseases like chronic hepatitis, the patterns of elasticity images are related to fibrous structural changes caused by hepatic disease and can be used to derive features for quantitative evaluation of fibrosis stage.
Prognostic Value of Serologic and Histologic Markers on Clinical Relapse in Ulcerative Colitis Patients With Mucosal Healing (2012)

We demonstrated that the presence of basal plasmacytosis predicts UC clinical relapse in patients with complete mucosal healing. We recommend closer follow-up and optimization of medical therapy in patients with basal plasmacytosis.
Stimulation of Fetal Granulopoiesis by Intrauterine Injection of Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony- Stimulating Factor into Rat Fetuses (1999)

The small neutrophil reserve and exaggerated release of stored neutrophils are factors which predispose neonates to neutrophil reserve exhaustion during bacterial sepsis. Our objective is to try to improve in utero the myelopoietic function of the fetus before delivery. In the first series, recombinant human (rh) granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (rhG-CSF; 100 microg/kg) was injected subcutaneously into rat fetuses at the indicated times to assess drug absorption and fetal response. In the second series, rhG-CSF (100 microg/kg) or saline (control) was injected into the fetuses once every other day to investigate the effect of repeated injections of rhG-CSF on enhancing fetal myelopoiesis preceding birth. Delivery was performed by cesarean section on embryonic day 21. The plasma concentration of G-CSF was determined by ELISA. The effect of rhG-CSF injection on granulopoiesis was assessed by measurement of the neutrophil count in the fetal peripheral blood and by histological examination of the fetal bone marrow, spleen, and liver. Fetally administered rhG-CSF enhanced fetal myelopoiesis preceding birth.
Failure mode and effect analysis of Chitra heart valve prosthesis (2002)

Artificial heart valves are devices used for replacing diseased natural valves of the human heart. The failure of such a device to perform to its requirements can lead to serious complications, even threatening the life of the recipient. There are many and varied modes of valve failure that can lead to departure from specifications. These failure mechanisms can be broadly classified into (1) intrinsic factors, like prosthesis design, materials and fabrication processes, and (2) extrinsic factors due to remodelling of the heart and lungs subsequent to valvular disease and valve replacement. This failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is an attempt to identify the various possible failure modes of the Chitra heart valve prosthesis.
Biomechanical analysis of bone remodeling following mandibular reconstruction using fibula free flap (2018)

Whilst the newly established biomechanical conditions following mandibular reconstruction using fibula free flap can be a critical determinant for achieving favorable bone union, little has been known about their association in a time-dependent fashion. This study evaluated the bone healing/remodeling activity in reconstructed mandible and its influence on jaw biomechanics using CT data, and further quantified their correlation with mechanobiological responses through an in-silico approach. A 66-year-old male patient received mandibular reconstruction was studied. Post-operative CT scans were taken at 0, 4, 16 and 28 months. Longitudinal change of bone morphologies and mineral densities were measured at three bone union interfaces (two between the fibula and mandibular bones and one between the osteotomized fibulas) to investigate bone healing/remodeling events. Three-dimensional finite element models were created to quantify mechanobiological responses in the bone at these different time points. Bone mineral density increased rapidly along the bone interfaces over the first four months. Cortical bridging formed at the osteotomized interface earlier than the other two interfaces with larger shape discrepancy between fibula and mandibular bones. Bone morphology significantly affected mechanobiological responses in the osteotomized region (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.77). The anatomic position and shape discrepancy at bone union affected the bone healing/remodeling process.
Host plant affects morphometric variation of <i>Diaphorina citri </i> (Hemiptera: Liviidae) (2016)

The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is one of the most serious citrus pests worldwide due to its role as vector of huanglongbing or citrus greening disease. While some optimal plant species for ACP oviposition and development have been identified, little is known of the influence of host plants on ACP size and shape. Our goal was to determine how size and shape of ACP wing and body size varies when development occurs on different host plants in a controlled rearing environment. ACP were reared on six different rutaceous species; Bergera koenigii , Citrus aurantifolia , Citrus macrophylla , Citrus maxima , Citrus taiwanica and Murraya paniculata . Adults were examined for morphometric variation using traditional and geometric analysis based on 12 traits or landmarks. ACP reared on C. taiwanica were consistently smaller than those reared on the other plant species. Wing aspect ratio also differed between C. maxima and C. taiwanica . Significant differences in shape were detected with those reared on M. paniculata having narrower wings than those reared on C. macrophylla . This study provides evidence of wing size and shape differences of ACP based on host plant species which potentially may impact dispersal. Further study is needed to determine if behavioral and physiological differences are associated with the observed phenotypic differences.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib with disturbed imprinting in the GNAS1 cluster and Gsalpha deficiency in platelets (2002)

Pseudohypoparathyroidism Ib (PHPIb), characterized by parathyroid hormone-resistant hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, is caused by a deregulation in the imprinting status of the GNAS1 cluster, comprising exons XL, NESP55 and 1A and the coding exons of Gsalpha. Differences in methylation of exon 1A and sporadically also of exons XL and NESP55 were found and thought to result in long-range effects on Gsalpha expression, limited to the proximal renal tubules. The exact imprinting defect is not precisely localized, and the expected differences in Gsalpha protein level and function are mainly hypothetical. We describe a PHPIb patient with lack of methylation of the exon XL and 1A promoters, and biallelic methylation of the NESP55 promoter. Platelets of this patient show a functional Gs defect, decreased cAMP formation upon Gs-receptor stimulation, normal Gsalpha sequence but reduced Gsalpha protein levels. Transcriptional deregulation between the now biallelically active promoters of both exon 1A and exon 1 of Gsalpha could explain the decreased Gsalpha expression in platelets and presumably in the proximal renal tubules. We found decreased NESP55 and increased XLalphas protein levels in platelets, in agreement with the methylation status of their corresponding first exons. In a megakaryocytic cell line MEG-01, exon 1A is methylated on both alleles, in contrast to the normally maternally methylated exon 1A in leukocytes. Experimental demethylation of exon 1A in MEG-01 cells led to reduced Gsalpha expression, in agreement with the observations in the patient. Platelet studies may therefore allow easy evaluation of disturbances of the GNAS1 cluster in PHPIb patients.
Ethylene and plant responses to nutritional stress (1997)

Although ethylene is known to be involved in plant response to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses, relatively little is known concerning its role in nutritional stress arising from nutrient deficiency or mineral toxicity. There is clear evidence for involvement of ethylene in the symbiosis between Rhizobium and legumes, and in the ‘Strategy 1’ response to Fe deficiency. Ethylene may also be generated during tissue necrosis induced by severe toxicities and deficiencies. Metal toxicity may generate ethylene through oxidative stress. Evidence for a more general role for ethylene in regulating plant responses to macronutrient deficiency is suggestive but incomplete. Few studies have addressed this interaction, and most published reports are difficult to interpret because of the unrealistic way that nutrient treatments were imposed. Deficiency of N and P appear to interact with ethylene production and sensitivity. A role for ethylene in mediating adaptive responses to P stress is suggested by the fact that P stress can induce a variety of morphological changes in root systems that are also affected by ethylene, such as gravitropism, aerenchyma formation, and root hair development. Other adaptive responses include senescence or abscission of plant parts which cannot be supported by the plant. Ethylene and other plant hormones may be involved in mediating the stress signal to generate these responses. Although existing literature is inconclusive, we speculate that ethylene may play an important role in mediating the morphological and physiological plasticity of plant responses to nutrient patches in time and space, and especially root responses to P stress.
Clear Cell Papulosis (Pagetoid Papulosis) in a Non-Asian Patient (2001)

Clear cell papulosis is a recently described disorder which is characterized by multiple flat, slightly elevated, hypopigmented papules, distributed mainly on the lower part of the trunk of healthy children. Histologically, the disease shows 'clear cells' with a pagetoid appearance spread among keratinocytes in basal and suprabasal layers of the epidermis. These cells stain for AE1, CEA and EMA, making a relationship to eccrine or apocrine elements likely. All cases reported until now describe Asian children. The first European child with clear cell papulosis is presented.
Bulk photovoltaic effect of LiNbO<sub>3</sub>:Fe in the liquid-He temperature range (1994)

Abstract The linear photovoltaic effect in LiNbO3:Fe has been measured in a broad interval below room temperature. The temperature dependence of the G22 photovoltaic tensor component was measured up to 6 K. The results obtained are interpreted in terms of the ballistic mechanism for nonthermalized electrons.
Consideration for Dietary Nutrient Density and Energy Feeding Programs for Growing Large Male Broiler Chickens for Further Processing (2003)

Three trials with identical experimental design were conducted to examine the effects of dietary nutrient density and energy feeding programs on male broiler chickens grown to heavy weights for further processing. Diets were formulated to provide a minimum of 107.5% of NRC (1994) amino acid requirements, maintained in proportion to dietary energy levels. Diets with different nutrient density were obtained by adding 0, 3, and 6% poultry oil (PO) while maintaining essential nutrients in a constant balance with energy. Diets within each age period (0 to 21 days, 21 to 42 days, and 42 to 63 days) had similar ratios of metabolizable energy to crude protein. Six feeding programs were obtained by either feeding these three levels of PO continuously to 63 d or by increasing the amount of PO in the diet at 21 d. Live performance was examined at 14, 21, 42, and 63 d and carcass composition was examined at 63 d. Dietary energy levels or feeding programs had no significant effect on body weight except at 42 d, which improved as PO was added to the diet. Feed intake was not significantly affected by feeding various levels of poultry oil or by utilizing different feeding programs. However, feed conversion at all ages showed a significant improvement as the level of supplemental PO increased. Calorie conversion was not affected at 14, 21, and 42 d. At 63 d, calorie conversion was significantly reduced when birds received diets with increased supplemental PO. Neither supplemental PO or feeding program affected the dressing percentage or yield of economically important carcass components at 63 d when examined on an absolute basis or as percentage of carcass weight. Abdominal fat content was not significantly influenced by level of supplemental poultry oil.
DEVELOPMENT OF INSPECTION MODALITY FOR SHELL WELD OF CORE SUPPORT STRUCTURE OF A FAST BREEDER REACTOR USING CIVA (2010)

The core support structure is welded with a 40 mm thick base plate of the main vessel, of 500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor, Kalpakkam, India, along the circumference. This ‘shell weld’ situated at a distance of about 435 mm away from the weld overlay, is in‐accessible to contact mode ultrasonic testing during in‐service inspection. An unconventional ultrasonic methodology was developed for this purpose. This inspection modality is validated using the ultrasonic module of CIVA simulation software. There is reasonable agreement with experimental measurements.
Segmented wave-front measurements by lateral shearing interferometry (2007)

The need for segmented wave front measurements has been rocketing for several years. The applications are various: thickness of metallic masks, diffracting elements, phasing of the primary segmented mirrors of telescopes, such as the Keck telescope, laser beam coherent recombination... Lateral shearing interferometers are common wave front sensors, used with success to test classical optical components. This technique does not require a reference wave, which is a major advantage. The lateral shearing interferometry has also proved successful to analyze segmented wave front; results of such a measurement by a diffraction-grating based interferometer are presented and analyzed. We dwell upon quadri-wave lateral shearing interferometers (QWLSI), which offer the possibility to characterize two-dimensionally the wave front, in a single measurement. This technique combines accuracy and qualities such as compactness and simplicity. Moreover, a chromatic regime of lateral shearing interferometers based on diffraction grating can be pointed out; this allows a two-color analysis to greatly extend the dynamic range. In the first parts we will present general considerations on QWLSI and segmented surface; then a technique to increase the dynamic range is investigated both theoretically and experimentally.
Energetics of protein structure and folding (1985)

Abstract The available experimental date on the kinetics of unfolding and refolding of small proteins are reviewed. Excluding slow transitions in the unfolded protein due to cis – trans isomerization of peptide bonds, the rate‐limiting transition state in both unfolding and refolding is concluded to be a high‐energy distortion of the fully folded state. Partially folded intermediates are undoubtedly important for folding, but their formation is normally not rate limiting. A simple model is used to illustrate some of the aspects of protein‐folding energetics.
The mitochondrial genome organization of a maize fertile cmsT revertant line is generated through recombination between two sets of repeats. (1990)

The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) organization from a fertile revertant line (V3) derived from the maize cytoplasmic male sterile type T (cmsT) callus tissue culture has been determined. We report that the sequence complexity can be mapped on to a circular "master chromosome" of 705 kb which includes a duplication of 165 kb of DNA when compared to its male sterile progenitor. Associated with this event is also a 0.423-kb deletion, which removed the cmsT-associated urf13 gene. As found for the maize normal type (N) and cmsT mitochondrial genomes, the V3 master chromosome also exists as a multipartite structure generated by recombination through repeated sequences.
“Trapping” sound; the early development of commercial sound absorbents (1983)

Almost 75 years of research and development of commercial acoustical absorbents have brought about a billion-dollar industry which produces products which are essentially refinements of the original fabrics and hair-felts first used to “trap” sound in buildings. The original producers of the various boards, blankets, and tiles used for sound absorption are all still in business, producing improved and more versatile products, and at prices remarkably comparable with those of more than one half-century ago. The pioneer work of Sabine, Norris, Mazer, and others will be reviewed; and the development of test procedures and performance standards will be discussed.
Diet Reconstruction of Unidentified Cases by use of Stable Isotopic Analysis on Skeletal Material (2011)

Every year there are nearly 4,400 unidentified human bodies discovered within the U.S. according to the Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics (Harrell 2010). Currently there are over 50 unidentified cases within Hillsborough, Pinellas, and Polk counties here in Florida currently stored at the Hillsborough medical examiner’s office. By utilizing stable isotope analysis on tooth enamel and bone fragments we hope to reconstruct their diet in hopes of determining if they were born and raised locally. Diet reconstruction will examine stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen found within the bone and tooth enamel. Oxygen isotopes have been utilized for geographic relation because of its relatedness toward local climate and humidity (Tykot 2006). By establishing possible origins of these cases by stable isotopic analysis we may provide a more efficient method to identify individuals.
Estimating the number of hosts corresponding to an address while preserving anonymity (2012)

Estimating the number of hosts that have been assigned to an Internet address is a challenging problem due to confounding factors such as the dynamic allocation of addresses and the prohibition of access to privacy sensitive data that can reveal user identities and remove anonymity. We propose a probabilistic method that strikes a desired balance between protection of anonymity and accuracy of estimation. By utilising the phenomenon of preferential attachment, we show that the number of hosts corresponding to an address is accurately predicted by the number of times that an address appears in a series of alternating ON and OFF intervals. We validate our method using a four month trace of dynamic address allocations at a campus wireless network. In so doing, we demonstrate the practical significance and utility of such an anonymity preserving method for estimating the number of hosts corresponding to a dynamic address.
Ligand of scavenger receptor class A indirectly induces maturation of human blood dendritic cells via production of tumor necrosis factor-α (2009)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells for naive T cells. In this study, scavenger receptor class A type I and type II (SR-A) were shown to be expressed by peripheral blood DCs (PBDCs) and monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs). In addition, the binding of anti-SR-A antibody to these cells was lower in the presence of fucoidan, an SR-A agonist. Treatment of these DCs with fucoidan or anti-SR-A antibody markedly increased the surface expression of costimulatory molecules CD83 and major histocompatibility complex class II on the CD11c(high)CD123(low) myeloid subset of PBDCs. Furthermore, fucoidan-treated PBDCs produced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) but not IL-12p70. In addition, fucoidan-induced maturation was eliminated by pretreatment with TNF-alpha-neutralizing antibody. Finally, interferon-gamma secretion and T-cell proliferation were enhanced by coculture of T cells with fucoidan-matured PBDCs. Specific inhibitors of p38 MAPK and glycogen synthase kinase 3 suppressed TNF-alpha production and maturation of fucoidan-treated PBDCs. Moreover, MDDCs lacking SR-A failed to up-regulate CD83 expression, TNF-alpha production, and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta in the presence of fucoidan. Taken together, these results suggest that ligation of SR-A leads to induction of TNF-alpha, which subsequently induces PBDC maturation, thereby leading to enhanced T-cell stimulatory capacity.
Polymeric optical integrated devices with high-speed operated organic electroluminescent diodes as a light source (2002)

Organic electroluminescent diode (OELD) has been investigated for use as a light source of polymeric optical integrated devices for use as an optical interconnects in data communication systems. Several kind of OLED has been investigated for a light source of optical integrated device. The OELDs consist of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coated substrates, hole-transporting layer of α-NPD (4,4'-bis[N-(naphthyl)-N-phenyl-amino]-biphenyl), an emissive layer and silver containing magnesium cathode. The OLED was fabricated by organic molecular beam deposition (OMBD) technique. As an emissive layer, rubrene (5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphthacene) doped Alq<sub>3</sub> (8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum), with an emission peak center at 560 nm, was employed. Optical pulses of faster than 100 Mb/s have been generated from the OELD. The OLEDs were fabricated on a glass substrate and a polymeric substrate. The device fabricated on a polymeric substrate shows similar device characteristics to that on a glass substrate. Emission characteristics and the pulse response characteristics of the OLED as regards it use as a light source for the polymeric waveguide have been discussed.
Combustion characterization of beneficiated coal-based fuels. Quarterly report No. 4, February--April 1990 (1990)

The objectives of this project include: (1) the development of an engineering data base which will provide detailed information on the properties of BCFs influencing combustion, ash deposition, ash erosion, particulate collection, and missions; and (2) the application of this technical data base to predict the performance and economic impacts of firing the BCFs in various commercial boiler designs. The technical approach used to develop the technical data includes: bench-scale fuel property, combustion, and ash deposition tests; pilot-scale combustion and ash effects test; and full-scale combustion tests.
Hermeticity and stiction in MEMS packaging (2003)

Exposure of operating MEMS structures to atmospheric gasses may have deleterious effects on device performance. Here we consider from a phenomenological point of view the effects that moisture has on both short- and long-term performance characteristics of Texas Instruments' Digital Micromirror Device (DMD). As an array of up to 1.3 million mirrors, a single DMD can provide a wealth of statistical information; compilations of device statistics provide thorough descriptions of effects that may be obtained through static or operational aging with a variety of package environments. The detection sensitivity of our test methods provides significant insight into the global and local effects of package environment, including the effects of water on device operation.