gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional Analyses of a Conserved Region in Glucosyltransferases of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (1998)

Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferases (GTFs; GtfB, -C, and -D) synthesize water-soluble and -insoluble glucan polymers from sucrose. We have identified previously a conserved region of 19 amino acids (aa) (Gtf-P1; aa 409 to 427 of GtfB and aa 435 to 453 of GtfC) which is functionally important for both enzymatic activity and bacterial adherence. Monoclonal antibodies directed against Gtf-P1 selectively inhibited insoluble glucan synthesis by GtfB and -C but had no effect on soluble glucan synthesis by GtfD, suggesting that despite an apparent near identity of sequence, corresponding residues may function differently in these enzymes. To test this hypothesis, we used different strategies of mutagenesis to analyze amino acid residues of GtfB and GtfC in Gtf-P1. In-frame insertion of 6 amino acids preceding, or deletion of 14 amino acids within, this conserved region abolished the enzymatic activities of both GtfB and GtfC. Substitution of several residues in combination by random mutagenesis resulted in GtfB, but not GtfC, enzymes exhibiting decreased glucan synthesis and reduced rates of sucrose hydrolysis. Amino acid substitutions of Asp residues in GtfB or GtfC were found to be more critical for enzymatic activity than at other positions of this region. Interestingly, single mutation at Asp411 or Asp413 of GtfB resulted in enzymes retaining about 20% of wild-type activity, whereas mutagenesis of the corresponding Asp at position 437 or 439 in GtfC resulted in complete loss of enzymatic activity. Furthermore, single amino acid substitution of a Val residue between the two Asp residues enhanced the sucrase- and glucan-synthesizing activities of GtfB and GtfC. These results confirmed the report from another laboratory that Asp residues in the Gtf-P1 region are essential for enzymatic catalysis and provide new evidence that identical residues may function differently in closely related Gtf enzymes.
Schottky junctions on CuInSe2 films (1988)

Schottky junctions have been fabricated by evaporating aluminum on electrodeposited p-type polycrystalline CuInSe2 thin films. The devices showed a rectification effect with an ideality factor of about 2 in the low-forward-voltage region. Results of carrier concentration obtained from C-V measurements of the Schottky devices were found to be consistent with those for CdS/CuInSe2 heterojunctions fabricated on the same substrates. The apparent diffusion potential and carrier concentration of the Al/CuInSe2 Schottky junctions were both found to increase after a short heat treatment at 200 °C in air.
Prevention of Thromboembolism after Spinal Cord Injury Using Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (1990)

Low-molecular-weight heparin is safe and effective in the prevention of thromboembolism in selected patients with spinal cord injury and complete motor paralysis, and is superior to standard heparin in fixed doses of 5000 units three times a day.
赞同严密性与关联性:回应马克·布劳格的批评 (2010)

本文提供了一个关于布劳格对斯拉法主义的各种不同抨击的整体评论,驳斥了他许多自相矛盾及与事实相悖的观点和评论,并指出他在最近的一篇文章中有一个重大的转向,即应当在严密性与关联性之间权衡取舍。作者赞同一项经济研究如欲获得尊重,它就应当既符合严密性,也符合关联性。
Delta Double-Stack: Juxtaposed Holocene and Pleistocene Sequences from the Bengal Basin, Bangladesh (2009)

Analogs – ancient and modern – are key to our understanding and interpretation of the stratigraphic record, which is too often incomplete and sparingly exposed. Here we describe an upward-coarsening Holocene delta sequence that sits unconformably on another, remarkably comparable, delta sequence of Pleistocene age. Such a complete and well-preserved Pleistocene example is rare given extended periods of sea-level lowstand and fluvial incision during the past 200 ka. These stacked delta sequences allow us to consider how analogous our well-studied Holocene analogs are. The comparison reveals a nearly identical facies succession, with modest differences only in the relative timing of delta response to rising sea level. One key difference, though, is a unique facies in the Pleistocene sequence suggesting that major floods from the Himalayas impact the Bengal margin, perhaps periodically, during glacial-interglacial climate transitions.
Antimycin A-Induced Defenestration in Rat Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells (2003)

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) possess fenestrae arranged in sieve plates. Hepatic endothelial fenestrae are open pores approximately 100 to 200 nm in diameter. Alterations in their number or diameter by hormones, xenobiotics, and diseases have important implications for hepatic microcirculation and function. Numerous reports of hepatotoxin-induced defenestration suggest that the cytoskeleton and the energy status of hepatic endothelial cells play a key role in the regulation of fenestrae. Therefore, we investigated the effect of antimycin A, an inhibitor of mitochondrial energy production, on the number of fenestrae in cultured LSECs using high-resolution microscopy and immunocytochemistry. Prolonged incubation (greater than 30 min) with antimycin A resulted in defenestrated cells and coincided with the appearance of F-actin dots, whereas the distribution of G-actin remained unchanged. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was depleted dramatically to less than 5% within 30 minutes within the LSECs. After treatment with antimycin A, unusual elevated fenestrated complexes were apparent, organized as a meshwork of anastomosing fenestrae at the center of and above the sieve plates. The position and appearance of these novel structures and their association with defenestration suggest that they are implicated in the process of defenestration. In conclusion, the results of experiments with antimycin A suggest that ATP is needed to maintain fenestrae and the underlying fenestrae-associated cytoskeleton rings that maintain fenestrae patency. Antimycin A-induced defenestration of LSECs is associated with the development of a structure in the sieve plate that appears to be intrinsically involved in defenestration.
Dysmorphogenic effects of nitric oxide (NO) and NO‐synthase inhibition: Studies with intra‐amniotic injections of sodium nitroprusside and N<sup>G</sup>‐monomethyl‐L‐arginine (1994)

Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a chemical that is readily converted to nitric oxide (NO) in biological systems, was microinjected into the amniotic fluids of cultured whole rat conceptuses on day 10.5 of gestation and dysmorphogenic/embryotoxic effects were evaluated after a 24 hr incubation period. Injections of 217 ng/embryo (approximately 800 microM) resulted in whitened zones of dead cells in a discretely circumscribed region within the mesencephalon closely associated with the neural tube. These zones were observed with a high incidence after SNP microinjections and were referred to as "white caps" because of their microscopic appearance. At higher concentrations, the whitened zone extended into the rhombencephalon and occasionally appeared to extend the full length of the dorsal midline. The whitened zones of tissue separated readily from the apparently normal underlying tissues upon removal or disturbance of the amniotic membrane. Coinjection of ferrous hemoglobin with SNP selectively prevented the appearance of "white caps" but not other embryotoxic manifestations. Microinjections of the breakdown products of light-exposed SNP elicited generalized embryotoxicity but "white caps" were not observed. In separate experiments, we found that embryonic enzymes catalyzed significant conversion of arginine to citrulline, indicating expression of NO-synthase during organogenesis. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), a specific inhibitor of NO-synthase, was microinjected (50-150 ng/embryo; approximately 200-600 microM) on day 10.5 of gestation and produced malformations that differed markedly from those elicited by SNP. Failure of anterior and posterior neural tube closure and profound underdevelopment of the hyoid arch and optic cup were observed at concentrations that produced no apparent growth deficit. These studies with SNP and L-NMMA indicated that both an excess and a deficiency of NO can be embryotoxic/dysmorphogenic and suggest important roles for optimal levels of NO and NO synthases in normal embryonic development.
1,3‐Disubstituted‐4‐Aminopyrazolo [3, 4‐d] Pyrimidines, a New Class of Potent Inhibitors for Phospholipase <scp>D</scp> (2014)

Phospholipase D enzymes cleave lipid substrates to produce phosphatidic acid, an important precursor for many essential cellular molecules. Phospholipase D is a target to modulate cancer-cell invasiveness. This study reports synthesis of a new class of phospholipase D inhibitors based on 1,3-disubstituted-4-amino-pyrazolopyrimidine core structure. These molecules were synthesized and used to perform initial screening for the inhibition of purified bacterial phospholipase D, which is highly homologous to the human PLD1 . Initially tested with the bacterial phospholipase D enzyme, then confirmed with the recombinant human PLD1 and PLD2 enzymes, the molecules presented here exhibited inhibition of phospholipase D activity (IC50 ) in the low-nanomolar to low-micromolar range with both monomeric substrate diC4 PC and phospholipid vesicles and micelles. The data strongly indicate that these inhibitory molecules directly block enzyme/vesicle substrate binding. Preliminary activity studies using recombinant human phospholipase Ds in in vivo cell assays measuring both transphosphatidylation and head-group cleavage indicate inhibition in the mid- to low-nanomolar range for these potent inhibitory novel molecules in a physiological environment.
A debugger for concurrent programs (1985)

Abstract This paper reports on an experimental debugger for concurrent programs. Design objectives include a showing of greatest usefulness when dealing with multiprocess interactions, creation of a simplified more approachable interface for programmers, allowance for the systematic organization (and limitation) of debugging information by programmers, reflection of a natural view of concurrency, and portability. The design responds to a perceived need for debugging techniques applicable in systems of concurrent, communicating, asynchronous processes. During debugging sessions, a user is able to dynamically explore interprocess synchronization points, parallel actions and deadlock situations. The programmer interface is based on a transparent window multiplexer providing a set of windows for each concurrent process. The window manager interactively maps interesting windows to programmer‐specified viewscreen locations, while relegating temporarily uninteresting windows to the background. In implementing a debugger for concurrent programs, a principal concern is the probe effect , or the possibility that the debugger itself masks synchronization errors in the program being debugged. For the examples explored, the probe effect was not observed to limit the localization of implanted synchronization errors.
[The principle of extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor and its locating system]. (2002)

This article describes in detail the classification of extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptors, charging and discharging circuit of shock wave, wave source and the locating system of the lithotriptor, makes a comparison between three kinds of conventional shock wave sources, and analyzes the advantages and shortcomings of the different locating systems.
Exploiting Properties of CMP Cache Traffic in Designing Hybrid Packet/Circuit Switched NoCs (2013)

Chip multiprocessors with few to tens of processing cores are already commercially available. Increased scaling of technology is making it feasible to integrate even more cores on a single chip. Providing the cores with fast access to data is vital to overall system performance. When a core requires access to a piece of data, the core's private cache memory is searched first. If a miss occurs, the data is looked up in the next level(s) of the memory hierarchy, where often one or more levels of cache are shared between two or more cores. Communication between the cores and the slices of the on-chip shared cache is carried through the network-on-chip(NoC). Interestingly, the cache and NoC mutually affect the operation of each other; communication over the NoC affects the access latency of cache data, while the cache organization generates the coherence and data messages, thus affecting the communication patterns and latency over the NoC. This thesis considers hybrid packet/circuit switched NoCs, i.e., packet switched NoCs enhanced with the ability to configure circuits. The communication and performance benefit that come from using circuits is predicated on amortizing the time cost incurred for configuring the circuits. To address this challenge, NoC designs are proposed that take advantage of properties of the cache traffic, namely temporal locality and predictability, to amortize or hide the circuit configuration time cost. First, a coarse-grained circuit configuration policy is proposed that exploits the temporal locality in the cache traffic to periodically configure circuits for the heavily communicating nodes. This allows the design of a locality-aware cache that promotes temporal communication locality through data placement, while designing suitable data replacement and migration policies. Next, a fine-grained configuration policy, called Déjà Vu switching, is proposed for leveraging predictability of data messages by initiating a circuit configuration as soon as a cache hit is detected and before the data becomes available. Its benefit is demonstrated for saving interconnect energy in multi-plane NoCs. Finally, a more proactive configuration policy is proposed for fast caches, where circuit reservations are initiated by request messages, which can greatly improve communication latency and system performance.
Long non-coding RNA LINC01296 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion by epigenetic suppression of KLF2. (2018)

Dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are found in many types of tumors, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC); however, the pattern of expression and function of LINC01296 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma are unknown. In the current study we showed that LINC01296 expression is significantly higher in ESCC tissues when compared with corresponding adjacent normal tissues. Higher LINC01296 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and worse overall survival rate in ESCC patients. Furthermore, functional assays <i>in vitro</i> demonstrated that knockdown of LINC01296 inhibited ESCC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasiveness. Moreover, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrated that LINC01296 promotes cell proliferation and invasion by epigenetic suppression of KLF2 expression via an interaction with EZH2 in ESCC cells. We also demonstrated that knockdown of LINC01296 inhibited cell growth and up-regulated KLF2 expression <i>in vivo</i>. These results indicate that LINC01296 acts as an oncogene and may serve as a potential target in ESCC treatment.
Risperidone addition in fluvoxamine-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: three cases. (1995)

These results suggest that risperidone addition to ongoing SUIs may be an effective treatment strategy for refractory OCD.
mlt Mutation in the polyomavirus genome impairing a function of the middle T protein (1984)

The DNA from polyomavirus mlt mutant P155 transforms cells in culture as efficiently as wild-type DNA but has a much lower tumorigenic potential when injected into newborn rodents. The mutant has a 12-base-pair deletion between nucleotides 1347 and 1360, i.e., in a region which encodes parts of the middle and large T antigens (G elinas et al., J. Virol. 43:1072-1081, 1982). To determine which of the two viral gene functions was affected by the mutation, we transferred the latter into a modified polyomavirus genome encoding exclusively the middle T protein. Our results show that the P155 mutation alters a function of the polyomavirus middle T protein required for the induction of the tumorigenic process in vivo. Beside the 12-base-pair deletion at 96.3 map units, there is no other alteration in the coding sequence of P155 middle T with respect to that of P16, the wild-type parental strain. We conclude, therefore, that the deletion is the lesion affecting the tumorigenic potential of mutant P155 .
Aptamers as molecular tools for bioanalytical methods. (2009)

Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA ligands that can be selected from large libraries containing randomly created nucleic acids and used to target various molecules, ranging from proteins to small organic dyes. Because of the unique characteristics (eg, versatility, specificity and synthetic nature) of aptamers, mainly derived from their nucleic acid composition, these molecules represent ideal ligands for bioanalytical applications. In this review, the evolving use of aptamers in bioanalytical methods by exploiting their biochemical properties, for example, the use of aptamers in combination with nanoparticles in electrochemical and optical techniques, is discussed, with an emphasis on the most original, recently published aptamer-based studies.
A three-dimensional breast software phantom for mammography simulation (2003)

This paper presents a methodology for three-dimensional (3D) computer modelling of the breast, using a combination of 3D geometrical primitives and voxel matrices that can be further subjected to simulated x-ray imaging, to produce synthetic mammograms. The breast phantom is a composite model of the breast and includes the breast surface, the duct system and terminal ductal lobular units. Cooper's ligaments, the pectoral muscle, the 3D mammographic background and breast abnormalities. A second analytical x-ray matter interaction modelling module is used to generate synthetic images from monoenergetic fan beams. Mammographic images of various synthesized breast models differing in size, shape and composition were produced. A preliminary qualitative assessment performed by three radiologists and a quantitative evaluation study using fractal and grey-level histogram analysis were conducted. A comparative study of extracted features with published data has also been performed. The evaluation results indicated good correlation of characteristics between synthetic and actual radiographs. Applications foreseen are not only in the area of breast imaging experimentation but also in education and training.
Cómo podemos encontrar nuevas intervenciones enfermeras (2009)

Introduccion: Los autores recorren las formas de tratamiento de la enfermedad mental tal y la manera como se van consolidando con el paso de los siglos, a partir del conocimiento y la practica asistencial al enfermo mental. Demuestra que al entender mejor como los enfermos se adhieren a un programa extrahospitalario, posibilita identificar elementos que pueden orientar hacia la busqueda de intervenciones que faciliten una mayor adhesion al cuidado en salud mental. Entiendase por ejemplo que la persona construye significados para el tratamiento psiquiatrico de acuerdo con los sentidos o los simbolos atribuidos por la historia social.

Objetivos: Identificar y analizar las representaciones sociales de los usuarios del centro de atencion psicologica y social elaboran sobre el fenomeno del tratamiento psiquiatrico.

Lugar: Centro de Atencion CAPS/Estacao. Region central de Campinas (Brasil).

Sujetos: 11 usuarios de centro de atencion extrahospitalaria.

Metodologia: Estudio cualitativo; se aproxima al conocimiento desde la perspectiva teorica de las representaciones sociales de Moscovici y Jodelet. La recogida de los datos se realizo a traves de entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas a cada uno de las personas participantes en la investigacion, analizandose posteriormente su contenido, con la tecnica analisis de la tematica.

Principales Medidas de Resultados: Las representaciones cotidianas sobre el fenomeno del tratamiento psiquiatrico, entendido por individuos con historial psiquiatrico y vinculados al centro de atencion. Se analiza el contenido del material obtenido, a traves de su tematica

Resultados: Estructuracion en tres categorias con algunos subtemas en cada una de ellas.
1. Tratar es ser medicado: el remedio quimico para modificar comportamientos, humores y pensamientos, influenciado por la industria farmaceutica; las funciones de los diferentes profesionales y su participacion en el tratamiento distribuye las representaciones de cada uno.
2. Tratar es ser cuidado/descuidado: cuidado del tratamiento psiquiatrico como obtencion del medicamento y soporte en las actividades de la vida cotidiana. La violencia y la institucion cerrada representan el aislamiento, la falta de libertad y la falta de higiene compatible con el modelo manicomial.
3. Tratar de estar en actividad: el tratamiento y la actividad ocupacional, representan la posibilidad de reinsercion social del enfermo mental.

Conclusiones: Las representaciones del tratamiento psiquiatrico estan fuertemente conectadas a la utilizacion del medicamento, dandole al medico la responsabilidad de medicar. La funcion del cuidado la representan el equipo de enfermeria, y la escucha y la conversacion como funciones del psicologo.
Las instituciones cerradas y la violencia son factores presentes en la representacion del tratamiento psiquiatrico.
Las actividades y el trabajo se perpetuan por medio de las relaciones interpersonales, posibilitando a los sujetos mayor interaccion social, reintegrando al enfermo mental a su medio.
Frequency stabilisation of monomode semiconductor lasers to birefringent resonators (1992)

A new method for the frequency stabilisation of monomode semiconductor lasers is presented. The semiconductor laser is stabilised by a controller circuit to the centre frequency of a birefringent Fabry–Perot resonator. Two features of the proposed method are its low sensitivity to external disturbances and its simple design.
Rheological properties of semidilute solutions of poly(acrylic acid) modified with hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon end‐capped poly(ethylene glycol) macromonomer (2003)

Abstract Hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon end‐capped poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macromonomers with 9, 23, and 45 ethylene oxide units were synthesized by the esterification method. Copolymerization of these macromers with acrylic acid (AA) resulted in hydrophobically grafted poly(AA)s (PAAs) containing different lengths of PEG spacers. Their solution properties were investigated by rheological measurements and compared to those without hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon groups and without PEG spacers. Evident hydrophobic association was found to exist in the aqueous solution of these hydrophobically grafted copolymers, and the associating efficiency was improved by the flexible PEG spacer compared to those counterparts without them. However, the intramolecular association became predominant with the spacer length increase and the solution viscosity decreased. A wide viscosity plateau was observed for macromer modified polyelectrolytes in the alkalization process, which was unavailable for hydrophobically modified ones without PEG spacers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 12: 2777–2783, 2003