gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Familial Primary Amenorrhea Due to Testicular Feminization: A Human Gene Affecting Sex Differentiation. (1960)

A female patient with “male pseudohermaphroditism with feminizing testes” had a 46/XY chromosomal constitution, a fact confirming clinical and genetic deductions drawn by previous investigators largely on the basis of pedigree data, and in accord with recent brief reports on the chromosome condition in other such patients. A detailed chromosomal analysis is provided. Some previous cases having similar clinical manifestations had been recognized by previous workers as being caused either by an autosomal dominant or a sex-linked recessive genetic defect. Analysis of pedigrees from similar cases demonstrates the causative gene defect to be not strongly linked to either of 2 sex-linked genes, hemophilia and color blindness. Hence it is probably autosomal. Of particular importance is the finding that in the family of our patient, all female transmitters of the defect for whom data were available exhibited a delayed menarche of approximately 8 years. This situation has been rarely noted previously, and requires study as to its universal accompaniment of this condition. It is evident that in the present case the presence of this gene in heterozygous condition in an XX individual causes a delay of menarche, while in an XY individual it results in suppression of the male characteristics and a partial development of female traits. It is pointed out that more than one gene locus might be able to produce clinical effects like those here described. Study of the action of such genes appears highly important to problems of human development.
Direction finding using spatial polarimetric time-frequency distributions (2003)

In this paper, we introduce the spatial polarimetric time-frequency distribution (SPTFD) as a platform to process nonstationary array signals with two orthogonal polarization components, such as horizontal and vertical. The use of dual polarization empowers the STFDs and improves the robustness of the respective signal and noise subspaces. With the additional polarimetric information, improved direction finding performance can be achieved. To demonstrate such advantages, the polarimetric time-frequency MUSIC (PTF-MUSIC) method is proposed based on the SPTFD platform and is shown to outperform the MUSIC techniques based on the time-frequency, polarimetric, and conventional methods.
New Acyl Derivatives of 3-Aminofurazanes and Their Antiplasmodial Activities (2021)

An <i>N</i>-acylated furazan-3-amine of a Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) project has shown activity against different strains of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>. Seventeen new derivatives were prepared and tested in vitro for their activities against blood stages of two strains of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>. Several structure-activity relationships were revealed. The activity strongly depended on the nature of the acyl moiety. Only benzamides showed promising activity. The substitution pattern of their phenyl ring affected the activity and the cytotoxicity of compounds. In addition, physicochemical parameters were calculated (log P, log D, ligand efficiency) or determined experimentally (permeability) via a PAMPA. The <i>N</i>-(4-(3,4-diethoxyphenyl)-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide possessed good physicochemical properties and showed high antiplasmodial activity against a chloroquine-sensitive strain (IC<sub>50</sub>(NF54) = 0.019 µM) and even higher antiplasmodial activity against a multiresistant strain (IC<sub>50</sub>(K<sub>1</sub>) = 0.007 µM). Compared to the MMV compound, the permeability and the activity against the multiresistant strain were improved.
Concise Approach to Novel Isothiazolidinone Phosphotyrosine Mimetics:  Microwave-Assisted Addition of Bisulfite to Activated Olefins (2005)

[reaction: see text] A novel and efficient synthesis of isothiazolidinone protein tyrosine phosphatase mimetics is presented. A practical, regiospecific microwave-assisted addition of bisulfite to activated olefins, including unprecedented reactions with styrene derivatives, is highlighted.
Comparison of Survival and Quality of Life in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Two Dose Levels of Paclitaxel Combined With Cisplatin Versus Etoposide With Cisplatin: Results of an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial (2000)

As a result of these observations, paclitaxel (135 mg/m(2)) combined with cisplatin has replaced etoposide plus cisplatin as the reference regimen in our recently completed phase III trial.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Sphingosines. Part 2. Synthesis of D‐erythro‐Sphingosines. (1986)

Abstract Der aus D‐Galaktose über (I) zugängliche Aldehyd (II) reagiert nach Wittig zum Olefin (IV), das über das Azid (V) in das Czo‐Sphingosin (VI) und weiter in die Acylverbindung (VIII) übergeführt wird.
Interpretation of pulmonary artery wedge pressure and pullback blood gas determinations during positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation and after exclusion of the bronchial circulation in the dog. (1986)

Left atrial pressure (LAP) and pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PWP) were measured at different heights during graded increases in positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Six healthy anesthetized dogs were placed in lateral decubitus positions with a balloon-tipped pulmonary artery catheter inserted in each lung. PWP in the gravitationally superior lung overestimated LAP at 15 and at 20 cm H2O PEEP (p less than 0.05). PWP in the dependent lung was virtually identical to LAP at all degrees of PEEP. Wedge blood could be aspirated through the distal lumen of the pulmonary artery catheters during balloon inflation at all degrees of PEEP except for 3 attempts. PCO2 in wedge blood in both the nondependent and dependent lungs at all degrees of PEEP was consistently lower than PCO2 in arterial blood (p less than 0.05). Wedge blood was arterialized, i.e., oxygen saturation greater than 95%, in all but 4 specimens. Surgical elimination of the bronchial artery supply to the lung in 3 dogs did not affect PWP or blood gas measurements. We conclude that in this animal model: (1) the tip of a pulmonary artery catheter must be below the level of the left atrium, Zone III location, to accurately reflect LAP at high degrees of PEEP; (2) arterialization of wedge blood samples does not guarantee that PWP reflects LAP; (3) bronchial artery blood supply does not affect PWP or wedge blood gas measurements, even at high degrees of PEEP.
New Plants for Florida: Strawberry (1969)

The Florida strawberry industry has continued to grow. There are now approximately 7,000 acres in production, with a crop value approaching $200 million. This growth is being fueled, in part, by new variety releases from the FAES breeding program. This document is part of Circular 1440, a publication of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, the Agronomy Department and IFAS Communication Services, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date August 2003. Originally published as a booklet by IFAS Communication Services June 2003. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag207
[This article has been retracted] Fire Performance of Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) with Glued-in Steel Rod Connections (2005)

[This article has been retracted] This article describes an investigation into the fire performance of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made from radiata pine, with glued-in steel rod connections. To determine charring rates, cone calorimeter tests are carried out on samples of LVL with a number of grain orientations, each for a range of constant heat flux exposures. Full-size load-bearing fire resistance tests are carried out on large cross section LVL beams (with no connections) in a 3 × 4m 2 full-size furnace, following the ISO 834 curve. Charring rates are found to be similar to solid wood or glulam. To determine connection performance, an experimental investigation is carried out on the axial tensile strength of connections that utilized a threaded steel rod bonded into the timber using two epoxy resins and a composite adhesive. Some specimens are tested at a constant elevated temperature while similar specimens are tested in fire conditions under constant load. The three adhesives give different connection strengths at ambient temperatures and show different strength losses at elevated temperatures. Design recommendations are given in this article.
Updated wind turbine gearbox multibody model with optimized flexible housing to deliver inputs for acoustic calculations (2011)

Wind turbine design requirements are increasingly focussing on vibration and noise emission levels. In addition to the rotor and blades also the drive train is a contributor to the overall noise and vibrational behaviour of the wind turbine. Therefore good dynamic design of the drivetrain is highly important. With regard to acoustic radiation both excitations at gearbox input and output as internal excitations originating from the gears are important. Two acoustic phenomena are investigated: structure borne excitation past by/comming from the gearbox through the nacelle to the receiver and airborne noise directly radiated from the gearbox housing. This work discusses the use of a flexible multibody in combination with a Boundary Element Model (BEM) to asses these phenomena. The multibody model is used to calculate the housing vibrations. A method is discussed to convert these deformations at the structural mesh nodes to the nodes of the BEM mesh.
Nevada Test Site seismic: telemetry measurements (1983)

The feasibility and limitations of surface-to-tunnel seismic telemetry at the Nevada Test Site were explored through field measurements using current technology. Range functions for signaling were determined through analysis of monofrequency seismic signals injected into the earth at various sites as far as 70 km (43 mi) from installations of seismometers in the G-Tunnel complex of Rainier Mesa. Transmitted signal power at 16, 24, and 32 Hz was measured at two locations in G-Tunnel separated by 670 m (2200 ft). Transmissions from 58 surface sites distributed primarily along three azimuths from G-Tunnel were studied. The G-Tunnel noise environment was monitored over the 20-day duration of the field tests. Noise-power probability functions were calculated for 20-s and 280-s seismic-record populations. Signaling rates were calculated for signals transmitted from superior transmitter sites to G-Tunnel. A detection threshold of 13 dB re 1 nm/sup 2/ displacement power at 95% reliability was demanded. Consideration of field results suggests that even for the frequency range used in this study, substantially higher signaling rates are likely to be obtained in future work in view of the present lack of information relevant to hardware-siting criteria and the seismic propagation paths at the Nevada Test Site. 12 references.
Fast infrared light source with a construction of silicon microbridge (2005)

This paper introduces a new type of infrared light source constructed by silicon micro-bridge manufactured on silicon substrate using MEMS technique. Electric current flowing through the micro-bridge makes its temperature goes up and radiates infrared light as traditional lamp. A simulation of characteristics of the infrared standard source calculated by finite element method is consistent with the test value. The radiation power, depending on micro-bridge size, is obtained from 1mW to 500 mW. The infrared light source can use electric chopping instead of mechanical chopping as traditional lamp for it's fast response time with typical 4 ms.
Identification, Structure, and Function of a Novel Type VI Secretion Peptidoglycan Glycoside Hydrolase Effector-Immunity Pair (2013)

Bacteria employ type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) to facilitate interactions with prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Despite the widespread identification of T6SSs among Gram-negative bacteria, the number of experimentally validated substrate effector proteins mediating these interactions remains small. Here, employing an informatics approach, we define novel families of T6S peptidoglycan glycoside hydrolase effectors. Consistent with the known intercellular self-intoxication exhibited by the T6S pathway, we observe that each effector gene is located adjacent to a hypothetical open reading frame encoding a putative periplasmically localized immunity determinant. To validate our sequence-based approach, we functionally investigate a representative family member from the soil-dwelling bacterium Pseudomonas protegens. We demonstrate that this protein is secreted in a T6SS-dependent manner and that it confers a fitness advantage in growth competition assays with Pseudomonas putida. In addition, we determined the 1.4 Å x-ray crystal structure of this effector in complex with its cognate immunity protein. The structure reveals the effector shares highest overall structural similarity to a glycoside hydrolase family associated with peptidoglycan N-acetylglucosaminidase activity, suggesting that T6S peptidoglycan glycoside hydrolase effector families may comprise significant enzymatic diversity. Our structural analyses also demonstrate that self-intoxication is prevented by the immunity protein through direct occlusion of the effector active site. This work significantly expands our current understanding of T6S effector diversity.
Serial architectures for the implementation of 2-D digital filters and for template matching in digital images (1990)

Serial architectures are derived for the hardware realization of two-dimensional (2-D) digital filters (IIR and FIR), and for the implementation of template matching in digital images. The architectures utilizes two's-complement representation and table look-up techniques. The contents of the lookup tables is generated via hardware from the filter coefficients. The architectures require a modest amount of hardware, and could be suitable for VLSI implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Abstract 141: Bicuspid Aortic Valve Hemodynamic Abnormalities Promote Early Development of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease (2012)

INTRODUCTION: The bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiac anomaly and is frequently associated with calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Although CAVD also develops in the normal tricuspid aortic valve (TAV), its progression in the BAV is more rapid. While the accelerated calcification of BAV leaflets has been linked to genetic and atherogenic predispositions, hemodynamic abnormalities are increasingly pointed as potential pathogenic contributors. HYPOTHESIS: Supported by our previous work, which demonstrated the sensitivity of valve leaflets to the surrounding blood flow and associated wall-shear stress (WSS), we hypothesize that the abnormal WSS experienced by BAV leaflets contribute to CAVD development by promoting valvular inflammation, remodeling and osteogenic differentiation. OBJECTIVE: This study aims at comparing ex vivo the effects of TAV and BAV leaflet WSS on valvular pathogenesis. METHODS: The native, side-specific WSS experienced by TAV and type-I (i.e., fused and non-coronary) BAV leaflets were obtained computationally using fluid-structure interaction simulations. Fresh porcine leaflets were subjected for 48 hours to each of the three WSS conditions using a novel double-sided shear stress bioreactor. Tissue response was characterized via Western blot and immunohistochemistry in terms of markers of endothelial activation (VCAM-1, ICAM-1), paracrine expression (BMP-4), TGF-β/Wnt signaling pathways (TGF-β1, β-catenin), extracellular matrix remodeling (cathepsin L, MMP-2, MMP-9) and osteogenic differentiation (α-SMA, osteocalcin). RESULTS: No significant differences in VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expressions were detected between tissue exposed to TAV and BAV WSS. While the native WSS experienced by the TAV and non-coronary BAV leaflets maintained tissue homeostasis, tissue exposure to the fused BAV leaflet WSS resulted in a significant pathological response marked by the upregulations of BMP-4, β-catenin, MMP-2 and osteocalcin expressions. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the pathological nature of the native BAV hemodynamics and confirms the higher susceptibility of the fused BAV leaflet to calcify. The results provide new insights into the hemodynamic theory of BAV calcification.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF SPINAL FRACTURE INJURY MECHANISMS (2008)

The importance of mechanism of injury was initially introduced by Holdsworth who made the supposition that all fractures are created when the spine is subject to one of 5 types of violence. It has been our experience that similar injury mechanisms can lead to variable fracture patterns. Alternatively, different injury mechanisms can lead to the same fracture pattern. Purpose: To evaluate the variation in fracture patterns when a single and uniform force vector is applied to the spine with variable degrees of spinal flexion. Finite element modeling was used for this analysis. Methods: Three different finite element models were created to represent each accident situation. The straight spine was modeled as a simple column with alternating vertebrae and disc segment. The moderately flexed and significantly flexed spines were modeled as curved cylinders sectioned into vertebrae and discs, then bent around a solid cylinder representing the abdomen. A 1000 N compressive load was applied vertically to the top of the spine. The model was restrained along all bottom surfaces, and the interface between the spine and abdomen sections was defined as frictionless. The model is fixed at the lower end and the area of greatest interest is the transition zone from the most rigid to the less rigid portion. Although no specific area of the spine is intended for purposes of the model, this composition is much like the thoracolumbar junction – the location of the majority of spinal injuries. Results: The straight spine showed pure compression throughout the length of the spine, while the moderately curved spine showed the posterior elements of the region of interest in tension and the anterior elements in compression. The significantly curved spine was found to be in tension in both posterior and anterior elements. Conclusion: In a situation where the patient is sitting upright with a straight spine, a compressive load will cause a burst fracture. When the patient is partially bent over, such as with a shoulder seat belt, a flexion distraction injury will occur with the posterior aspect of the spine failing in tension and the anterior in compression. When the patient is fully bent over, such as with a laponly seat belt, a purely distractive fracture can occur.
Catecholamine-Synthesizing Enzymes in Carcinoid Tumors and Pheochromocytomas (2003)

Catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes are present in many carcinoid tumors. This finding possibly indicates the existence of a catecholamine-synthesizing pathway in carcinoids similar to that found in pheochromocytoma.
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type VI (EDS VI): problems of diagnosis and management (1998)

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type VI (EDS VI) is a rare autosomal recessively inherited connective tissue disorder, which poses several problems of diagnosis and management. We report on a patient who developed severe kyphoscoliosis long before the diagnosis was reached. We conclude that early biochemical diagnosis and a timely operative procedure by extensive posterior instrumentation is the basis for successful management of this disorder.
A study on the stable grasping by a redundant multi-fingered robot hand (2003)

This paper deals with the stability of multi-fingered robot hand grasping. First, the problem is addressed at the force planning level. Next, the end point stiffness is distributed between redundant finger joints. The resulting control law is tested by an experiment with 3-fingered robot hand.
Angiogenic endothelium shows lactadherin-dependent phagocytosis of aged erythrocytes and apoptotic cells (2008)

Angiogenic endothelium plays a crucial role in tumor growth. During angiogenesis, complex alterations in the microenvironment occur. In response, the endothelium undergoes phenotypic changes, for example overexpression of alpha(v)-integrins. Here, we show that the overexpression of alpha(v)-integrins on angiogenic endothelial cells is engaged in phagocytic actions involving binding ("tethering") and uptake ("tickling") of lactadherin (also termed MFG-E8)--opsonized particles. Phosphatidylserine (PS)--exposing multilamellar vesicles, "aged" erythrocytes, and apoptotic melanoma cells incubated with lactadherin were all phagocytosed by angiogenic endothelial cells in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrated lactadherin expression in and around tumor blood vessels making opsonization in situ plausible. By engineering the surface of erythrocytes with covalently coupled cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides--mimicking lactadherin opsonization--we could induce phagocytosis by angiogenic endothelial cells both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, this was confirmed by cytochalasin D preincubation. When RGD-erythrocytes were administered intravenously in tumor-bearing mice, blood vessel congestion followed by tumor core necrosis was seen. Moreover, RGD-erythrocytes could delay tumor growth in a murine melanoma model, possibly through induction of tumor infarctions. These results reveal that angiogenic endothelial cells have phagocytic properties for lactadherin-opsonized large particles and apoptotic cells. Implications of our findings for diagnostic and therapy of angiogenesis-driven diseases are discussed.
MARSUI (2013)

MARSUI is a hardware deformable prototype exhibiting plastic (shape-retaining) behavior. It can track the shape that the user creates when deforming it. We envision that a set of predefined shapes could be mapped onto particular applications and functions. In its current implementation, we present three shapes that MARSUI can be deformed into: circular band, flat surface and sharp bent. These shapes map respectively onto the following applications: wristwatch, mobile phone and media player. Since the malleable interface can also take other forms, feedback plays an important role in guiding the user towards the predefined shapes. In this paper, we focus on investigating the possibilities that auditory feedback could offer in guiding the user towards reaching the intended shapes.
Effect of GTP on the Affinity of Denopamine, a New Cardiotonic Agent, for β-Adrenergic Receptors of Turkey Erythrocytes and Rat Reticulocyte Membranes (1985)

Affinities of denopamine, a new cardiotonic agent, and several beta-adrenergic drugs for turkey erythrocyte membranes (TEM) and rat reticulocyte membranes (RRM) which contain homogeneous beta 1- and beta 2-receptors, respectively, were studied by receptor binding. The order of potencies of denopamine and several beta-adrenergic agonists in displacing 3H-dihydroalprenolol binding (Ki, nM) in TEM was isoproterenol (Iso, 27) greater than norepinephrine (Nor, 360) greater than epinephrine (Epi, 860) greater than dobutamine (DB, 1380) greater than denopamine (1540) greater than dopamine (DA, 49500). The order in RRM was Iso (7.3) greater than Epi (58) greater than DB (750) greater than Nor (1090) greater than denopamine (2300) greater than DA (26800). In the presence of GTP, competition curves for full agonists like Iso, Epi and Nor shifted to the low affinity side (Ki values increased by 300-500% in TEM and 200-460% in RRM), and the slopes were steepened in both membrane preparations. The Ki value for denopamine increased only in TEM (70%) and that in RRM was not influenced by GTP. This suggests that denopamine has an agonist property at the beta 1-receptor but not at the beta 2-receptor and that the intrinsic activity at the beta 1-receptor of the drug is lower than full agonists. Affinities of DB and DA for TEM were influenced by GTP as well as those for RRM, although the extent of the rightward shift was less than full agonists.