gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Frequency Response of an Elastic Spherical Shell (1969)

The classical solution of the point-excited spherical shell, in the form of a normal-mode series, converges poorly for large frequencies. By applying the Watson-Sommerfeld transformation to this series, the response is expressed as a sum of only two terms. These terms can be interpreted, respectively, as the near-field response and propagating flexural wave field of an infinite flat plate, the latter term being multiplied by a factor whose maxima coincide with the natural frequencies of the shell.
Deep class-aware image denoising (2017)

The increasing demand for high image quality in mobile devices brings forth the need for better computational enhancement techniques, and image denoising in particular. To this end, we propose a new fully convolutional deep neural network architecture which is simple yet powerful and achieves state-of-the-art performance for additive Gaussian noise removal. Furthermore, we claim that the personal photo-collections can usually be categorized into a small set of semantic classes. However simple, this observation has not been exploited in image denoising until now. We show that a significant boost in performance of up to 0.4dB PSNR can be achieved by making our network class-aware, namely, by fine-tuning it for images belonging to a specific semantic class. Relying on the hugely successful existing image classifiers, this research advocates for using a class-aware approach in all image enhancement tasks.
Gas‐liquid mass transfer and pressure drop in pulp bed with flexible fibers as solid supports (1986)

Abstract The volumetric mass transfer coefficients between oxygen and water in a pulp bed have been determined by the gas‐liquid reaction method with an enhancement factor approximately equal to one. The coefficients ranged from 0.08 s −1 at 13% to 0.34 s −1 at 19% solids content in the pulp bed, values that are close to those for comparable trickle beds. No liquid flow over the pulp bed (13–19% solids content) occurred under the operating conditions. The results showed that gas‐liquid mass transfer was affected only by the solids content of the pulp bed rather than by the oxygen superficial velocity (0.4 to 1.2 cm/s). The gas pressure drop across the pulp bed was also predicted by Ergun's equation using an estimated effective diameter for the fiber flocs.
Metal ( <scp>U</scp> , <scp>Fe</scp> , <scp>Mn</scp> , <scp>Hg</scp> ) Cycling (2003)

Abstract Uranium Cycling Iron Cycling Manganese Cycling Mercury Cycling
Electrodeposition of Ni/SiC contacts (2003)

We report on the fabrication and characterization of n-type 4H–SiC/Ni contacts formed by electrodeposition from nickel sulfate solutions. We show that the nickel ion states overlap the conduction band of n-type 4H–SiC so that electrodeposition occurs by electron injection from the conduction band into the nickel ion acceptor states. Nickel deposition on n-type 4H–SiC is characterized by nucleation followed by diffusion-limited growth of three-dimensional clusters. As-deposited n-type 4H–SiC/Ni contacts are rectifying with ideality factors of 1.5–2. After annealing, the contacts are Ohmic due to the formation of Ni2Si.
Low altitude plasma line anisotropy. Interim report (1977)

Plasma line observations obtained from incoherent radar backscatter have been used as a ground-based method for deriving information about the size and anisotropy of the ionospheric photoelectron fluxes. In the past data interpretation has been confined to altitudes above the F2 peak. Measurements below the F2 peak consistently show an anisotropy in the ratio of the downshifted to upshifted amplitudes of 20-50% when it is generally assumed that diffusion processes dominate. Calculations of the plasma line intensity are described which use a multi-angle multi-energy calculation of the photoelectron distribution function. The calculated electron flux exhibits a low-altitude, low-energy anisotropy which is reflected in the plasma line measurements. Given anisotropic elastic electron-neutral cross-sections, the flux anisotropy arises when the local mean free path is of the order of the local scale height. The net effect is conversion of a spatial density inhomogeneity into a velocity distribution anisotropy.
Some aspects of the polymerization of fibrinogen (1954)

Abstract The polymerization of activated fibrinogen takes place in two stages. First, the monomer units form intermediate polymers with twice the original cross‐section area and about eight times the original length. The polymers have been detected under a variety of conditions between p H 6.1 and 10. The polymerization geometry is believed to be lateral dimerization with a staggered configuration, determined by a pattern of electrical charges. The negatively charged groups, though unidentified, appear to be near histidine residues, as deduced from the dependence of polymerization on p H. The positively charged groups, from this and other evidence, appear to be α‐amino groups. Second, the intermediate polymers unite to form the strands of the fibrin network. This association appears to involve nonpolar groups, and the width of the final strands, unlike that of the intermediate polymer, depends markedly on the net charge as determined by the p H.
Initial size and dynamics of viral fusion pores are a function of the fusion protein mediating membrane fusion (2008)

HA and GP64 have divergent electrophysiological phenotypes even when they fuse identical membranes, and fusion proteins play a crucial role in determining initial fusion pore characteristics. The structure of the initial fusion pore detected by electrical conductance measurements is sensitive to the nature of the fusion protein.
A monoclonal antibody (L21-6) recognizing an invariant chain expressed on the cell surface in rats with the exception of the BN (RT1n): a study of tissue and strain distributions. (1995)

It is an established fact that class II molecules play a crucial role in the initial recognition of foreign antigens.1,2 Exogenous antigen peptide and these class II molecule α-, β-chain complexes are recognized by the T-cell receptor. On the other hand, in cytoplasm, the invariant chain, which is a nonpolymorphic peptide, binds the class II molecules and prevents the binding of endogenous peptides.3 In addition, it has been reported that an invariant chain is expressed on the cell surface in the human4 and mouse,5 but is not reported in the rat. The distribution of the invariant chain on the cell surface is very similar to that of class II molecules, but the invariant chain was observed without class II molecules in certain cells. The differential expression of class II and invariant chain with interferon-γ treatment in the mouse was reported.6 Therefore, we developed a unique monoclonal antibody (MAb), L21-6, recognizing an invariant chain on the cell surface in the rats and studied the tissue and strain distributions.
Semi-Automated Hexahedral Mesh Generation of Human Vertebrae by Isoparametric Mapping (2008)

Subject-specific finite element models provide a means to explore inter-subject biomechanical variations, and have been widely used in the study of spinal fusion such as stress-shielding due to spinal instrumentation [1], and to assess biomechanical response to aging and disease [2–4]. Three-dimensional finite element models of vertebrae are usually constructed from CT scans. However, manual generation of meshes is labor intensive. As such, techniques that simplify creation of meshes are needed to make finite element analysis more feasible for large biomechanical studies and clinical applications.
Recombinant Soluble Interleukin-11 (IL-11) Receptor α-Chain Can Act as an IL-11 Antagonist (1997)

We have expressed a soluble N-glycosylated form of the murine interleukin-11 (IL-11) receptor α-chain (sIL-11R) and examined signaling in cells expressing the gp130 molecule. In the presence of gp130 but not the transmembrane IL-11R, the sIL-11R mediated IL-11–dependent differentiation of M1 leukemic cells and proliferation in Ba/F3 cells. Early intracellular events stimulated by the sIL-11R including phosphorylation of gp130, STAT 3, and SHP-2 were similar to signaling through the transmembrane IL-11R. IL-11 bound to sIL-11R with low affinity (kd 10 to 50 nmol/L). Binding of sIL-11R to gp130 was IL-11 dependent with intermediate affinity (kd 1.5 to 3.0 nmol/L). However, the concentration of IL-11 required for signaling through the sIL-11R was 10- to 20-fold greater than that required for cells expressing the transmembrane IL-11R and gp130 in the absence of sIL-11R. Furthermore, the sIL-11R was capable of antagonizing the activity of IL-11 when tested on cells expressing the transmembrane IL-11R and gp130. We propose that the observed IL-11 antagonism by the sIL-11R may depend on limiting numbers of gp130 molecules on cells already expressing the transmembrane IL-11R.
Cationic Copolymerization of Methyl Glyoxylate with 1,3-Dioxolane (1999)

Cationic copolymerization of methyl glyoxylate (GM), an aldehyde containing an ester group in addition to aldehyde function, with cyclic acetal, 1,3-dioxolane (DXL), was studied. Resulting copolymers after hydrolysis of the ester groups provide hydrophilic, degradable polymers containing ionic functions. It has been shown that despite the reversibility of homopropagation steps for both comonomers the conversion of both comonomers in copolymerization can be nearly quantitative. Molecular weights of copolymers are relatively high (up to 1.7 × 104), although lower than that calculated for polymerization proceeding without transfer. It was established that chain transfer involves hydride ion abstraction from the GM monomer or from the GM repeating unit of the copolymer. Polymerization is accompanied by extensive chain transfer to polymer (transacetalization). Intramolecular reaction (backbiting) leads to formation of a cyclic fraction, of which the major component (the only one observed) is a heterodimer, in other words, a seven-membered cyclic acetal composed of one GM and one DXL unit. Intramolecular chain transfer to the polymer leads to redistribution of comonomer units, and copolymers having nearly random distribution are formed (with a slight tendency for alternation due to the steric repulsion between bulky substituents in the GM−GM homodiads).
VISCOSITY OF AN INTERMEDIATE MOISTURE DOUGH (1978)

ABSTRACT A simple model was used to correlate extrusion dough viscosities with moisture, temperature and shear rate. The parameters were fit to the model for a pregelatinized corn flour dough. The effect of two additives, sodium stearoyl‐2‐tactylate and a diacetyltartaric acid ester of monoglycerides, were also explored using the pregelatinized corn flour system. Moisture, extrusion temperature and sodium stearoyl‐2‐lactylate levels were correlated to the viscosity of the pregelatinized corn flour dough.
Biodata and Weighted Application Blanks (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Weighted application blanks Biodata Constructing biographical measures Validity Fakability Biographical measures, fairness and the law Key points Key references Useful websites
<i>Per Aspera Ad Astra</i> : Application of Simplex Qsar Approach in Antiviral Research (2010)

This review explores the application of the Simplex representation of molecular structure (SiRMS) QSAR approach in antiviral research. We provide an introduction to and description of SiRMS, its application in antiviral research and future directions of development of the Simplex approach and the whole QSAR field. In the Simplex approach every molecule is represented as a system of different simplexes (tetratomic fragments with fixed composition, structure, chirality and symmetry). The main advantages of SiRMS are consideration of the different physical-chemical properties of atoms, high adequacy and good interpretability of models obtained and clear procedures for molecular design. The reliability of developed QSAR models as predictive virtual screening tools and their ability to serve as the basis of directed drug design was validated by subsequent synthetic and biological experiments. The SiRMS approach is realized as the complex of the computer program 'HiT QSAR', which is available on request.
Biological Effects of Electrical Discharge Plasma in Water and in Gas–Liquid Environments (2012)

Non-thermal electrical discharge plasma in liquids and at gas-liquid interfaces generate a number of chemical and physical processes that can affect both the chemical and biological components in water. In this chapter the chemical and physical processes that specifically affect biological materials are discussed, particular emphasis is made on the interactions of plasma with bacteria since that is the most commonly studied cell type.
Psychopharmacology in the Acute Setting: Review and Proposed Guidelines (2001)

There are two goals in the acute treatment setting (e.g., emergency department): initiation of treatment and reducing the symptoms of agitation and aggression that frequently accompany an acute psychotic breakdown. Treatment options and considerations are reviewed.
Suppression of Reactive Oxygen Species and Enhanced Stress Tolerance in <i>Rubia cordifolia</i> Cells Expressing the <i>rolC</i> Oncogene (2008)

It is known that expression of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolC gene in transformed plant cells causes defense-like reactions, such as increased phytoalexin production and expression of pathogenesis-related proteins. In the present study, we examined whether this phenomenon is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Single-cell assays based on confocal microscopy and fluorogenic dyes (2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and dihydrorhodamine 123) showed reduced steady-state levels of ROS in rolC-expressing Rubia cordifolia cells as compared with normal cells. Paraquat, a ROS inducer, caused significant ROS elevation in normal cells but had little effect on rolC-transformed cells. Likewise, ROS elevation triggered by a light stress was suppressed in transformed cells. Our results indicate that the rolC gene acts as a ROS suppressor in unstressed cells and its expression prevents stress-induced ROS elevations. We detected a two- to threefold increase in tolerance of rolC-transformed cells to salt, heat, and cold treatments. Simultaneously, rolC-transformed cells maintained permanently active defensive status, as found by measuring isochorismate synthase gene expression and anthraquinone production. Thus, the oncogene provoked multiple effects in which ROS production and phytoalexin production were clearly dissociated.
Locomotive Studies Utilizing Multibody and Train Dynamics (2017)

Locomotive traction studies have been extensively performed in multi-body software packages. Generally, these research activities have been focused on purely mechanical system design issues and, as a result, there is a limited amount of information available on modeling locomotives under the influence of traction/braking capabilities and train dynamics. Evidence of using results from longitudinal train dynamics simulations as input to locomotive dynamics simulations has also been limited and information on this is rarely presented in the public domain. This means that locomotive traction/braking studies are commonly focused on the dynamics of an individual locomotive and are limited in terms of implementation of intrain forces. Recent progress shows some activities involving the application of approximations of lateral coupler forces to replicate a locomotive’s dynamics on the track. However, such an approach has its own limitations and does not fully depict the real behavior of locomotives. At this stage, the optimal technique capable of covering all locomotive behavior issues when traveling in a train configuration is to use a co-simulation approach between a multibody software package and a train dynamics code. This paper describes a methodology for the development of such a technique and presents numerical experiments for locomotive dynamics studies. The results obtained from co-simulation runs for three heavy haul locomotives in a head-end consist, taking into account in-train forces and speeds, are discussed along with limitations found during the development process.
ON THE EQUILIBRIUM AMONG SILICON IN MOLTEN IRON, MOLTEN SLAG AND H<SUB>2</SUB>-H<SUB>2</SUB>O MIXED GAS (1950)

The reduction of silica from molten slag to molten iron by H2 gas is one of important reactions in iron and steel making process and the equation is shown as follows:(SiO2)+2H2 [Si]+2H2O……(1)when the slag is saturated with SiO2 equation (1) becomes, (SiO2)sat+2H2 [Si]+2H2O……(2)As the direct measurement of the equilibrium of equation (1) is difficult we have measured the equilibrium of equation (2), using a pure silica crucible at the temperature range from 1500°G to 1600°C.From the experimental results it is found that (a) the relation between (pp2H2/pp2H2O) and[Si] % at a given temperature is expressed by a straight line, and the solution of molten iron-silicon may be accepted as an ideal solution at the silicon conoentration below about 10% and (b) the temperature function of the equilibrium constant is expressed as follows;logKSSi-H(=pp2H2/pp2H2O[Si])=12803/T-3·1673
Guided Projectiles Theory of Operation (2001)

Abstract : This presentation of viewgraphs concerns guided projectiles and their theories of operation.
Analysis of spherical harmonic expansion approximations for glow discharges (1995)

The use of spherical harmonic expansions to solve the Boltzmann equation for glow discharge systems is evaluated with finite element-based simulations of the time-dependent Boltzmann equation in three-phase dimensions (position, axial velocity, and radial speed). The anisotropy of the electron energy distribution function is investigated for two cases: the cathode fall of a direct current (DC) glow discharge, and a collisionless electron beam. For each case, the first ten coefficients of the spherical harmonic expansion are evaluated. The relatively high values of higher order coefficients show that the electrons are anisotropic in the cathode fall, especially close to the boundaries, and it is concluded that for the given conditions, the commonly used two-term approximations are not valid.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Unified Design Recommendations for Reinforced, Prestressed, and Partially Prestressed Concrete Bending and Compression Members (1992)

First Name is required invalid characters Last Name is required invalid characters Email Address is required Invalid Email Address Invalid Email Address
Effects of root exudates on the sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons onto biochar (2019)

The effect of oxalic acid on phenanthrene sorption was varied from that on pyrene sorption. 1.0 mg L-1 of oxalic acid inhibited phenanthrene sorption, whereas 20, 50 and 100 mg L-1 of oxalic acid enhanced the sorption. However, pyrene sorption onto biochar was all inhibited among different concentrations of oxalic acid. New functional groups and increased polarity were observed in the biochar coexisted with oxalic acid, moreover, a high concentration of oxalic acid led to an increased specific surface area of the biochar. These changed factors contributed to biochar sorption to phenanthrene, which was dominated by surface adsorption. Weakened aromaticity and increased release of dissolved organic carbon from biochar may have been the main reason for inhibited pyrene sorption onto biochar by oxalic acid. Therefore, this study suggested that root exudates could greatly influence the sorption behavior of biochar towards PAHs in soil rhizosphere, which deserves attention in agricultural systems.
Stability of purgeable VOCs in water samples during pre-analytical holding: Part 1, Analysis by a commercial laboratory (1996)

This study was undertaken to examine the hypothesis that prevalent and priority purgeable VOCs in properly preserved water samples are stable for at least 28 days. (VOCs are considered stable if concentrations do not change by more than 10%.) Surface water was spiked with 44 purgeable VOCs. Results showed that the measurement of 35 out of 44 purgeable VOCs in properly preserved water samples (4 C, 250 mg NaHSO{sub 4}, no headspace in 40 mL VOC vials with 0.010-in. Teflon-lined silicone septum caps) will not be affected by sample storage for 28 days. Larger changes (>10%) and low practical reporting times were observed for a few analytes, e.g. acrolein, CS{sub 2}, vinyl acetate, etc.; these also involve other analytical problems. Advantages of a 28-day (compared to 14-day) holding time are pointed out.
Building Expression into Virtual Characters (2006)

Virtual characters are an important part of many 3D graphical simulations. In entertainment or training applications, virtual characters might be one of the main mechanisms for creating and developing content and scenarios. In such applications the user may need to interact with a number of different characters that need to invoke specific responses in the user, so that the user interprets the scenario in the way that the designer intended. Whilst representations of virtual characters have come a long way in recent years, interactive virtual characters tend to be a bit "wooden" with respect to their perceived behaviour. In this STAR we give an overview of work on expressive virtual characters. In particular, we assume that a virtual character representation is already available, and we describe a variety of models and methods that are used to give the characters more "depth" so that they are less wooden and more plausible. We cover models of individual characters emotion and personality, models of interpersonal behaviour and methods for generating expression.
Proving Prêt à Voter Receipt Free Using Computational Security Models (2013)

Prêt a ̀ Voter is a supervised, end-to-end verifiable voting scheme. Informal analyses indicate that, subject to certain assumptions, Prêt a ̀ Voter is receipt free, i.e. a voter has no way to construct a proof to a coercer of how she voted. In this paper we propose a variant of Prêt a ̀ Voter and prove receipt freeness of this scheme using computational methods. Our proof shows that if there exists an adversary that breaks receipt freeness of the scheme then there exists an adversary that breaks the IND-CCA2 security of the Naor-Yung encryption scheme. We propose a security model that defines receipt freeness based on the indis-tinguishability of receipts. We show that in order to simulate the game we require an IND-CCA2 encryption scheme to create the ballots and receipts. We show that, within our model, a non-malleable onion is sufficient to guarantee receipt freeness. Most of the existing Prêt a ̀ Voter schemes do not employ IND-CCA2 encryption in the construction of the ballots, but they avoid such attacks by various additional mechanisms such as pre-commitment of ballot material to the bulletin board, dig-itally signed ballots etc. Our use of the Naor-Yung transformation provides the IND-CCA2 security required. 1
The multiple-call hand-off problem in high-capacity cellular communications systems (1991)

The author presents a preliminary analytical model that characterizes the central issues of the hand-off problem when vehicles can support multiple calls simultaneously. In such cases a cell boundary crossing by a single vehicle can generate multiple hand-off attempts. A suitable vector state representation is identified which casts the problem as a multidimensional birth-death process. An iterative method is used to find implicit hand-off parameters for systems in statistical equilibrium. Theoretical performance characteristics that show blocking, hand-off failure, and forced termination probabilities as functions of communication traffic are determined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>