gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amniotic Fluid Index and Single Deepest Pocket (2000)

In Brief Objective To compare amniotic fluid index (AFI) with the single deepest pocket in the identification of actual abnormal amniotic fluid (AF) volumes. Methods One hundred seventy-nine women with singleton pregnancies at the University of Mississippi between March 1994 and June 1999 had ultrasound estimations of AF volume sequentially using the AFI and single deepest pocket techniques. Each woman subsequently had ultrasound-directed amniocentesis with dye-dilution and spectrophotometric calculation of actual AF volume. Results Actual AF volumes were low (under 5% by volume for gestational age) in 62 women, normal (5–95%) in 100 women, and high (more than 95%) in 17 women. An AFI up to 5 cm (sensitivity 10%, specificity 96%) and a single deepest pocket up to 2 cm (sensitivity 5%, specificity 98%) were similarly inadequate in identifying dye-determined low AF volumes. Likewise, AFI above 20 (sensitivity 29%, specificity 97%) and a single-deepest pocket above 8 cm (sensitivity 29%, specificity 94%) were poor in identifying dye-determined abnormally high volumes. Conclusion There was no difference between AFI and single deepest pocket techniques for identifying truly abnormal AF volumes. Both techniques were unreliable for identifying true AF volumes. Neither amniotic fluid index nor single deepest pocket accurately evaluates abnormal amniotic fluid volumes.
Characterization and partial purification of a haemopoietic cell growth factor in WEHI-3 cell conditioned medium (1983)

A myelomonocytic leukaemia cell line, WEHI-3, releases into its growth medium factors which stimulate the development of pluripotential cells, granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells, megakaryocytic and erythroid progenitor cells. Also present is a factor which is essential for the continued proliferation in vitro of a variety of haemopoietic precursor cell lines of a granulocytic nature (FDC-P cells). Characterization of this growth factor has demonstrated that it is a glycoprotein of apparent Mr 25 800, in which the carbohydrate component appears to be important for activity. After several purification steps, there is an increase in specific activity of approx. 4000-fold over the starting material. At each stage of purification, the factor necessary for the proliferation of FDC-P cells 'co-purifies' with activity which stimulates the proliferation and development of normal multipotential haemopoietic cells as well as megakaryocytic, erythroid and granulocytic committed progenitor cells. This 'co-purification' occurs to the extent that the multilineage stimulating factor and the FDC-P growth factor can be eluted from the same region of sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels. Thus, evidence so far, using different starting methods and purification regimes, suggests that one molecule may have multiple activities on diverse cell types.
Does the Gas Exchange Anaerobic Threshold Occur at a Fixed Blood Lactate Concentration of 2 or 4 m<i>M</i>? (1983)

The anaerobic threshold (theta an) is defined as the VO2 at which blood lactate concentration [lactate] begins to systematically increase (lactate "break point") during incremental exercise. Numerous studies have shown that gas exchange break points at the anaerobic threshold correlate highly (r congruent to 0.90) with the lactate break point. Recently, it has been suggested that the anaerobic threshold occurs at a fixed [lactate] of 2 mM or 4 mM. We therefore compared the gas exchange theta an to the three lactate criteria (break point, 2 mM, and 4 mM) for theta an estimation. Fourteen subjects performed an incremental cycle ergometer test. Ventilation and gas exchange were computed every 30 s. During the same 30-s intervals, venous blood was sampled for [lactate]. Four criteria were used for theta an determination: (1) systematic increase in VE/VO2, without a concomitant increase in VE/VCO2; (2) lactate break point; (3) 2 mM [lactate]; and (4) 4 mM [lactate]. Relative to the gas exchange criterion (i.e., #1), theta an was higher by 44, 280, and 1028 ml X min-1 for the three lactate criteria, respectively; the last two being significantly different (P less than 0.05). Thus, the anaerobic threshold discerned from gas exchange or the lactate break point does not correspond with a fixed, absolute [lactate] of 2 mM or 4 mM.
Joint SVD and QR codes for image authentication (2015)

Image authentication is an important technology to protect image content integrity. This paper proposes an image authentication method, which regards the stable singular values as significant authentication data and represents them in the form of QR codes. With the help of QR codes, the authentication data will be complete and correct even though the codes were slightly dirty or damaged. Experimental results showed that the proposed scheme is able to extract the correct authentication data out of QR codes under some attacks and to localize the tampered areas. Moreover, qualities of the authenticated image and the recovered image are superior to the previous method.
System-level performance evaluation of three-dimensional integrated circuits (2000)

In this paper, the wire (interconnect)-length distribution of three-dimensional (3-D) integrated circuits (ICs) is derived using Rent's rule and following the methodology used to estimate two-dimensional (2-D) (wire-length distribution). Two limiting cases of connectivity between logic gates on different device layers are examined by comparing the wire-length distribution and average and total wire-length. System performance metrics such as clock frequency, chip area, etc., are estimated using wire-length distribution, interconnect delay criteria, and simple models representing the cost or complexity for manufacturing 3-D ICs. The technology requirement for interconnects in 3-D integration is also discussed.
Technologie de construction, Équipements du coeur (1984)

1 Équipements internes 1.1 Fonctions et classement 1.2 Description 1.21 Réacteurs à eau ordinaire sous pression 1.22 Réacteurs à eau ordinaire bouillante 1.23 Réacteurs à eau lourde 1.24 Réacteurs à gaz 1.25 Réacteurs surrégénérateurs au sodium 1.3 Matériaux et conception
Enhanced Communications in an Executive Office (1983)

Bell Laboratories executives are "subjects" in a trial to study how people might take advantage of communications services made possible by advancing technologies. An experimental teleterminal integrates voice and data communications to deliver the services under study: enhanced calling, electronic messaging, information and news retrieval, and calendaring. These enhanced communications services and the trial results are described, with emphasis on human factors and office sociology.
Effects of Salinity, Temperature, and Polyethylene Glycol on the Seed Germination of Sunflower (<i>Helianthus annuus</i>L.) (2014)

Salinization has severe influences on agriculture in the whole world. The main aims of this work were to evaluate osmotic effect and ion effect of NaCl on seed germination of three sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars interacting with three alternating temperature regimes and to select the most salt tolerant cultivars to plant in the saline region. Seeds were germinated in the isotonic NaCl and polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions of -0.45, -0.90, -1.34, -1.79, and -2.24 MPa at 10:20, 15:25, and 20:30 °C temperature regimes. Both NaCl and PEG inhibited germination, but the effects of NaCl were less as compared to that of PEG, which means that adverse effects of PEG on germination were due to osmotic effect rather than specific ion accumulation. For the three cultivars, higher germination occurred at 10:20 °C in NaCl treatments and at 20:30 °C in the isotonic PEG treatments. Among the three cultivars, Sandaomei (SDM) is the most tolerant to salt and PEG stress.
Longitudinal Kerr Magneto-optic Effect in Multilayer Structures of Dielectric and Magnetic Films (1968)

A simple but general expression for the longitudinal Kerr coefficient is derived for a general multilayer structure containing a single magnetic film. The expression is given in terms of well-known optical parameters of the system such as the ‘Potential Transmittance’ of the magnetic film. A number of special cases are considered and the expression is then used to establish the details of design of systems with much larger Kerr coefficients than previously predicted.
Cross-platform mobile applications for android and iOS (2013)

Generally, there are three types of mobile application development, which are native mobile application, cross-platform mobile application and hybrid application. However, there are numbers of mobile devices that runs with different operating systems and languages in the current mobile market. Android and iOS is the most leading representative as the whole of current market. Developing application in different platforms has generated many problems, a lot of time; cost and man power is needed if there is no significant porting work. In order to avoid re-implementing the same type of application separately to fulfil the diverse platform needs, several tools are proposed. For example: XMLVM, PhoneGap, PhoneXML, DragonRad and RhoMobile, each with their own strength. Cross-platform is necessary in current mobile market. Besides that, we have proposed a cross mobile platform for Android and iOS games development using XMLVM.
MR Imaging Findings in the Contralateral Breast of Women with Recently Diagnosed Breast Cancer (2003)

In women with recently diagnosed breast cancer, MR imaging of the contralateral breast led to a biopsy recommendation in 32%. Cancer was found in 20% of women who underwent contralateral breast biopsy and in 5% of women who underwent contralateral breast MR imaging.
Image compression by self-organized Kohonen map (1998)

This paper presents a compression scheme for digital still images, by using the Kohonen's neural network algorithm, not only for its vector quantization feature, but also for its topological property. This property allows an increase of about 80% for the compression rate. Compared to the JPEG standard, this compression scheme shows better performances (in terms of PSNR) for compression rates higher than 30.
Tumor-colonizing bacteria: A potential tumor targeting therapy (2013)

In 1813, Vautier published his observation of tumor regression in patients who had suffered from gas gangrene. Since then, many publications have described the use of bacteria as antitumor therapy. For example, Bifidobacterium and Clostridium have been shown to selectively colonize tumors and to reduce tumor size. In addition, recent studies have focused on the use of genetic engineering to induce the expression of pro-drug converting enzymes, cytokines, specific antibodies, or suicide genes in tumor-colonizing bacteria. Moreover, some animal experiments have reported the treatment of tumors with engineered bacteria, and few side effects were observed. Therefore, based on these advances in tumor targeting therapy, bacteria may represent the next generation of cancer therapy.
Autoantibodies to Human α6 Integrin in Patients with Oral Pemphigoid (2001)

Mucous membrane pemphigoid or cicatricial pemphigoid is a mucocutaneous blistering disease characterized by autoantibodies to different molecules in the basement membrane zone. Our objectives were to identify the target antigen recognized by sera from 20 untreated patients with pemphigoid disease limited to the oral cavity, and to determine the pathogenicity of autoantibodies in oral pemphigoid, with an organ culture model. We conducted indirect immunofluorescence, immunoblot, and immunoprecipitation assays, with accompanying absorption experiments, using normal human skin, conjunctiva and gingiva, bovine gingiva and a tumor cell line, which were reacted with sera from patients with oral pemphigoid, anti-alpha6 antibody, and control sera. Sera of oral pemphigoid patients selectively and specifically bound to human alpha6 integrin, a 120-kDa protein present in gingiva and the tumor cell line. Oral pemphigoid sera and anti-alpha6 antibody produced separation of epithelium from basement membrane (blister formation) of normal human buccal mucosa, after 48 hours, in organ culture.
When–is Now (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Statements of the Think Big Revolution
Activity of mitoxantrone in a human tumor cloning system. (1981)

We have utilized a recently developed human tumor cloning system to screen for antitumor effects in vitro of a new anthracenedione derivative, Mitoxantrone. The object was to determine if the system is useful for pinpointing the types of tumors in patients which should be studied in early Phase II clinical trials. Tumors from 267 patients were placed in culture (20 different histological tumor types). One hundred seventy tumors both grew and formed enough colonies for drug sensitivity assays. Excellent in vitro antitumor activity was noted for Mitoxantrone against human adenocarcinoma of the lung, small cell lung cancer, melanoma, and biliary tree cancer. Good antitumor activity was noted against breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, head and neck cancer, squamous cell lung cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, gastric cancer, and hepatomas. The drug showed no in vitro activity against colon cancer. These data indicate that Mitoxantrone has a wide spectrum of in vitro antitumor activity. A comparison of these in vitro results with the results of Phase II clinical trials with the drug should allow an evaluation of the utility of the human tumor cloning system for predicting clinical antitumor activity of a new compound.
Advanced SNA/IP : A Simple SNA Transport Protocol (1993)

This RFC provides information for the Internet community about a method for establishing and maintaining SNA sessions over an IP internet. While the issues discussed may not be directly relevant to the research problems of the Internet, they may be interesting to a number of researchers and implementors. Any questions or comments relative to the contents of this RFC may be sent to the following Internet address: [email protected]
Early Botrytis Rot of Grapes and Its Control (1973)

Early Botrytis rot of grapes is a new development in an old disease caused by <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> Pers. It is characterized by a brown rot of part of or most all grapes in a cluster from midseason to harvest in the absence of rain. Infection occurs through the stigmatic end of the flower at bloom time. There the fungus becomes latent until mid-season or later, when it resumes growth and rots the grapes. Effective control was obtained with benomyl applied as a water spray (1 lb 50% active/acre) or as a dust (15 lb of 10% dust/acre).
The Challenge of Stability: Mexico’s Pursuit of Sound Money (1999)

How can Mexico best achieve a stable standard of value and, hence, sound money? Mr. Jordan, president and chief executive officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, explored this question in his address to the DUXX Graduate School of Business Leadership at its Forum on Public Policy in Monterrey, Mexico. This Economic Commentary is adapted from his remarks.
Context first : a study on the purpose of the Nimrud wall reliefs, combining their spatial context and imagery (2017)

During the last decades, a large amount of research has been carried out concerning Neo-Assyrian palaces. The most well-known features of these palaces are the wall reliefs that adorned the palace walls, which have been extensively studied as well. These wall reliefs are mainly studied in isolation, often focussing on the iconography of the images and their meaning, without looking at their spatial context. The aim of this study is to investigate the purpose of the wall reliefs in the Northwest Palace of Nimrud, combining both the images depicted on the wall reliefs and their spatial context. Since the wall reliefs are often associated with ideologies and propaganda, this study will investigate other possible functions of the wall reliefs as well. First, the wall reliefs and the suites in which they are located will be considered, in order to see if a connection can be detected between them. Second, the wall reliefs will be examined in connection to the rooms that had the same function.
Low Harmonics Single Phase Multilevel Power Inverter (2008)

This study deals with the simulation and development of a single phase multilevel inverter. The aim of the study is to investigate the performance and features of transformer and transformer-less multilevel inverters. In order to generate sinusoidal wave with minimum THD, harmonic elimination method has been used to calculate conducting angle of each H-bridge. This generates the output waveform with certain voltage and low THD. PIC microcontroller has been used to generate the signals required to operate the system. The proposed circuit was simulated using Pspice/Orcad and the results were compared with the hardware experimental results and a good agreement has been found between simulation and laboratory results.
Host defenses in herpes simplex infections of the nervous system: effect of antibody on disease and viral spread (1979)

BALB/c mice passively immunized with antibody to herpes simplex virus type 1 and challenged in the footpad with 10(5.7) plaque-forming units of herpes simplex virus type 1 were shown to be protected from neurological disease and death compared with control mice treated with normal serum or antibody to Sindbis virus. One hundred percent of untreated mice had virus recoverable from dorsal root ganglia by 48 h after infection. Whereas amputation of the infected limb at 48 h had no effect, antibody administration (resulting in titers of 1:8 and 1:16) was found to prevent acute neurological disease if administered no later than 48 h after infection. Antibody also restricted the extent of latent infection in the lumbosacral ganglia. The data provide strong evidence that antibody is effective in preventing spread of virus both in the peripheral nervous system and in central nervous system (spinal cord) tissue.
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) essential oil: Chemistry and biological activity (2015)

Coriandrum sativum L. (C. sativum) is one of the most useful essential oil bearing spices as well as medicinal plants, belonging to the family Umbelliferae/Apiaceae. The leaves and seeds of the plant are widely used in folk medicine in addition to its use as a seasoning in food preparation. The C. sativum essential oil and extracts possess promising antibacterial, antifungal and anti-oxidative activities as various chemical components in different parts of the plant, which thus play a great role in maintaining the shelf-life of foods by preventing their spoilage. This edible plant is non-toxic to humans, and the C. sativum essential oil is thus used in different ways, viz., in foods (like flavouring and preservatives) and in pharmaceutical products (therapeutic action) as well as in perfumes (fragancias and lotions). The current updates on the usefulness of the plant C. sativum are due to scientific research published in different web-based journals.
Isolation Improvement with Electromagnetic Band Gap Surfaces (2012)

A new type of engineered surface called an electromagnetic band gap blocks current from flowing at microwave frequencies. One application of this metamaterial is to employ the surface amid electronic devices to improve the electromagnetic isolation between them. The different geometry features of the device’s individual unit cells create extra inductances and capacitances for electromagnetic waves. When the unit cell is properly tuned, the aggregate surface will block incoming signals just as a band-stop filter will. This additional isolation allows radio-frequency receivers to operate in closer proximity to transmitters than a normal metal surface would permit.
Preparation of New Chiral Piperidine Epoxides (1991)

The new chiral piperidine epoxides (11b), (12b), and (13b) were prepared by MCPBA oxidation of 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (5b). Compound (5b) was obtained by NaBH 4 reduction of pyridinium salt (4b) derived from the Zincke-Konig reaction of 2b and (R)-(−)-phenylglycinol
Robust Learning with Kernel Mean p-Power Error Loss (2016)

Correntropy is a second order statistical measure in kernel space, which has been successfully applied in robust learning and signal processing. In this paper, we define a nonsecond order statistical measure in kernel space, called the kernel mean-p power error (KMPE), including the correntropic loss (CLoss) as a special case. Some basic properties of KMPE are presented. In particular, we apply the KMPE to extreme learning machine (ELM) and principal component analysis (PCA), and develop two robust learning algorithms, namely ELM-KMPE and PCA-KMPE. Experimental results on synthetic and benchmark data show that the developed algorithms can achieve consistently better performance when compared with some existing methods.
An adaptive control strategy for robotic cutting (2002)

Automation of a cutting process requires a system that is able to perform a planned cutting work irrespective of the interaction forces experienced during this process. For a robotic cutter the controller must adjust the applied force exerted on the material to be cut, while complying with unknown environment restrictions and disturbances. In this paper the problem of cutting a media by a blade is investigated. Based on a learning philosophy and position and velocity errors feedback an algorithm for the control of such a process is presented. An adaptive position controller and a switching logical velocity controller ensure the cutting operation is performed along a desired path with a desired velocity, while a learning control strategy is employed to adjust the required cutting force. The latter is a force learning algorithm which uses the force feedback. The effectiveness of the presented control system is demonstrated by simulation results.
Fabrication and Characterization of Nano MgO Crystal (2017)

In this work, the direct precipitation method was used to generate magnesium salt Mg(OH)2, the process of preparing MgO crystal by calcining Mg(OH)2 in three stage temperature was studied, and MgO crystal was characterized by scanning electron microscope and XRD. On this basis, the energy band structure and states density of Mgo crystal were calculated by the first principle theory, the influence of crystal orientation on Mgo secondary electron emission was analyzed. The experimental results show that the MgO prepared by this method is cubic crystal. The grain size is evenly distributed in the vicinity of 40.65nm. The crystal orientation is of (
Poverty, inequality and redistribution (2009)

Abstract This chapter sets the scene for the rest of the book by examining the evidence on income poverty and income inequality. The assessment includes the results of micro-simulation, which allows one to separate the effects of tax-benefit policy from the effects of demographic and labour-market changes, addressing the tricky question of the counterfactual: what would have happened in the absence of policy changes? The chapter also looks at the distributional impact of public expenditure on benefits in kind such as health and education. Inequality measures generally exclude benefits in kind, but as public spending tends to be higher on poorer households, increases in spending can make a significant difference to the state's overall redistributive impact.