gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Corn Distiller`s Dried Grains with Solubles at Various Levels on Performance of Laying Hens and Egg Yolk Color (2005)

Distiller's dried grains with solubles produced from corn as a co-product from ethanol production was fed at 0, 5, 10, or 15% of a corn-soybean meal diet to laying hens to determine if egg production parameters or yolk color would be affected. In experiment 1, diets were fed from 48 to 56 wk of age and DDGS had a goldenrod color. Egg production, weight, mass, specific gravity and yolk color were determined biweekly. Brown colored DDGS was included in diets fed from 58 to 67 wk of age. Egg production parameters and yolk color were measured tri-weekly. Egg production parameters were not different at most ages. However, there were occasional treatment effects. As DDGS increased, there were linear decreases in egg production (52-53 wk of age), egg weight (63 wk of age), egg mass (51 and 53 wk of age), and specific gravity (51 wk of age). Yolk color was increased linearly (p<0.01) as DDGS was increased in the diet throughout experiment 1. In experiment 2, yolk redness (a*) was increased linearly (p<0.001) by increasing levels of DDGS at all ages sampled. The results show that egg yolk is visually changed within one month when 10% or higher of a lightly colored DDGS is fed and by two months with 5% DDGS. In general, corn DDGS up to 15% of the diet did not affect egg production. However, variable results of experiment 1 suggest that a lower level of DDGS should be fed when the feedstuff is introduced in the diet.
The Benjamin L. Cardin Pro Bono Service Award (2003)

John Henry Lewin Jr. '65 believes that pro bono service is an important part of being a lawyer. His work to improve the Baltimore City court system is proof that he practices what he preaches.
Applications of vaporizable dielectric fluid cooling for IGBT power semiconductors (2011)

Liquid cooling concepts for power electronics applications have historically used single-phase water/glycol mixtures or deionized water as a primary coolant. Engineered dielectric liquids such as perfluorinated fluorocarbons and fluoroketones are also used, especially in power semiconductor applications for traction and for semiconductor testing, relying on sensible heat transport via a single-phase mechanically pumped loop. Common dielectric fluids such as refrigerants used as coolants in mechanically-pumped two-phase systems have recently been commercialized for cooling IGBT semiconductors in power electronics. Comparative performance data is described. Advanced cooling systems can impact power semiconductor performance, electronic system cost, system volume, and electrical architecture.
Chemical Analysis of Melanins and its Application to the Study of the Regulation of Melanogenesis (2000)

Melanins are difficult to characterize because of their intractable chemical properties, the heterogeneity in their structural features, and the lack of methods to split melanin polymers into monomer units. To overcome this difficulty, we developed a rapid and sensitive method for quantitatively analyzing eumelanin and pheomelanin in biological samples that is based on the formation of pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid and/or aminohydroxyphenylalanine followed by HPLC determination. The method has been applied to the study of melanogenesis. The results summarized in this review are: 1) Biochemical studies show that in the process of mixed melanogenesis, cysteinyldopas are produced first, which are then oxidized to give pheomelanin; following cysteine depletion, eumelanin is then deposited on the preformed pheomelanin. 2) In vitro and in vivo studies show that tyrosinase activity is the most important factor that regulates the switch of melanogenesis, with lower tyrosinase activities favoring pheomelanogenesis; further suppression of melanogenesis results in a lack of pigment production. 3) In cultured melanocytes, the concentrations of tyrosine and cysteine, and their ratio in the medium, are important in determining the concentrations of eumelanin and pheomelanin produced and their ratio in the cells. In conclusion, our HPLC microanalytical method for characterizing eumelanin and pheomelanin has become a useful tool for the study of melanogenesis.
Experimental Studies on Grinding of Titanium Alloy with SG Wheels (2007)

The grinding process has been investigated in the machining of titanium alloy with conventional grinding wheel and SG grinding wheel respectively. The machinability discussed here includes grinding force, surface roughness, dimensional accuracy, grinding ratio, grinding-wheel wear and grinding-wheel life. The SG grinding wheel is found to possess particularly good grinding properties and is more suitable for grinding titanium alloy when compared with conventional abrasive tools.
The Distribution of the Coefficient of Variation; Comment on A criticism made by Koopmans, Owen and Rosenblatt (1965)

(1) Biometrika (1963), 50, 335–52. ‘The choice of a second order rotatable design.’ By G. E. P. Box and N. R. DRAPER p. 343. In equation (2.3-1) in the denominator of the third term on the right-hand side read −3kλ2 for −3λ2.
Integrative Genomic Analysis Predicts Causative <i>Cis</i> -Regulatory Mechanisms of the Breast Cancer–Associated Genetic Variant rs4415084 (2018)

Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several common genetic variants that may significantly modulate cancer susceptibility. However, the precise molecular mechanisms behind these associations remain largely unknown; it is often not clear whether discovered variants are themselves functional or merely genetically linked to other functional variants. Here, we provide an integrated method for identifying functional regulatory variants associated with cancer and their target genes by combining analyses of expression quantitative trait loci, a modified version of allele-specific expression that systematically utilizes haplotype information, transcription factor (TF)-binding preference, and epigenetic information. Application of our method to a breast cancer susceptibility region in 5p12 demonstrates that the risk allele rs4415084-T correlates with higher expression levels of the protein-coding gene mitochondrial ribosomal protein S30 (<i>MRPS30</i>) and lncRNA <i>RP11-53O19.1</i> We propose an intergenic SNP rs4321755, in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the GWAS SNP rs4415084 (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.988), to be the predicted functional SNP. The risk allele rs4321755-T, in phase with the GWAS rs4415084-T, created a GATA3-binding motif within an enhancer, resulting in differential GATA3 binding and chromatin accessibility, thereby promoting transcription of <i>MRPS30</i> and <i>RP11-53O19.1. MRPS30</i> encodes a member of the mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, implicating the role of risk SNP in modulating mitochondrial activities in breast cancer. Our computational framework provides an effective means to integrate GWAS results with high-throughput genomic and epigenomic data and can be extended to facilitate rapid functional characterization of other genetic variants modulating cancer susceptibility.<b>Significance:</b> Unification of GWAS results with information from high-throughput genomic and epigenomic profiles provides a direct link between common genetic variants and measurable molecular perturbations. <i>Cancer Res; 78(7); 1579-91. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Capital punishment and professional nursing. (1993)

This paper examines the issue of capital punishment and whether a professional nurse has the right to choose to participate in it. Capital punishment is an extremely emotional ethical issue, and there is abundant literature to support both viewpoints. Professional nursing upholds values and special moral obligations, as expressed in its code. The American Nurses Association Code for Nurses guides conduct in carrying out nursing responsibilities consistent with the ethical obligations of the profession.
Analysis of phase-transformation dynamics and estimation of amorphous-chalcogenide fraction in phase-change memories (2004)

We investigated the current-induced phase transformations in chalcogenide-based memories. By electrical characterization and compact simulation of the memory I - V, we point out the evidence for a stacked distribution of phases as a result of the applied programming pulses. An anomalous cell behavior is also shown, which we explain in terms of parallel phase transition in the cell. A new technique for estimating the amorphous fraction is proposed, requiring only a simple manipulation of I - V characteristics of the memory.
Confidence interval estimates in PIV measurements of turbulent flows (1990)

The confidence or fiducial limits attached to the estimates of mean velocity and turbulence intensity obtained by PIV measurements are discussed. The effect of background turbulence and sample size are considered and illustrated by experiment.
Host-Microbe Interactions in<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (2013)

A good understanding of how microbes interact with hosts has a direct bearing on our capability of fighting infectious microbial pathogens and making good use of beneficial ones. Among the model organisms used to study reciprocal actions among microbes and hosts, C. elegans may be the most advantageous in the context of its unique attributes such as the short life cycle, easiness of laboratory maintenance, and the availability of different genetic mutants. This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding host-microbe interactions in C. elegans. Although these investigations have greatly enhanced our understanding of C. elegans-microbe relationships, all but one of them involve only one or few microbial species. We argue here that more research is needed for exploring the evolution and establishment of a complex microbial community in the worm's intestine and its interaction with the host.
Maintaining Data Records: Practical Decisions Required For Data Set Prioritization, Preservation, and Access (2008)

The NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) has collected an unprecedented volume of satellite-based remote sensing data. The current suite of sensors is maturing and the data sets derived from these sensors are slowly being integrated into science research programs. As NASA moves on to new missions and other funding priorities, it is likely that the funding to maintain these data in a highly interactive data system will decrease. The challenge to the NASA Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAAC) in general and to the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) DAAC in particular is to prioritize holdings, delegating lower priority data sets to lower cost management systems and perhaps lower levels of service. In order to address these data prioritization requirements, the NSIDC DAAC is experimenting with data maturity and levels of service scaling systems, thus permitting discussion of data set importance to our users in a more quantitative and less subjective manner. The Maturity Index (MI) is divided into three categories: scientific maturity, preservation maturity, and societal impact. In both the MI and Level of Service (LOS) categorizations, attempts are made convert descriptive categories into ordinal scales, with a resultant score for each data set. If this system proves successful, it could offer data managers a mechanism to assess data set value and defend high value data sets to the science community and federal funding agencies.
Characterization of Some Self-compatible Almonds. II. Flower Phenology and Morphology (1995)

Bloom evolution and flower quality were studied in 10 almond [ Prunus amygdalus Batsch syn. P. dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] selections of the Zaragoza breeding program. The opening of individual flowers followed a normal distribution, with deviations reflecting temperature differences during the bloom period. The first open flowers are of better quality than later ones and may contribute more to fruit set. The relative stigma–anther position reflected the possibility of natural autogamy in three of the 10 selections. Natural autogamy might allow single-cultivar orchards without the need for pollinating insects.
High slew rate, low voltage BiCMOS and bipolar operational amplifier architectures with rail to rail common mode input voltage swing (2002)

Class AB differential amplifiers using composite BiCMOS and bipolar transistors are introduced. Their utilization for the implementation of low voltage (+-1.65 V) operational amplifiers with high slew rate and rail to rail common mode input voltage range is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2 and vasoactive intestinal peptide are neuroprotective on cultured and mast cell co-cultured rat myenteric neurons (2012)

By activating separate receptors VIP, GLP1 and GLP2 elicit neuroprotective effects on rat myenteric neurons cultured with or without mast cells. This implies a powerful therapeutic potential of these peptides in enteric neuropathies with a broad spectrum of applications from autoimmunity to functional disorders.
Usability testing of system status displays for army missile defense (1997)

Modernizing workstations for Military applications is a challenge: designers must increase performance without affecting safety in any way. Furthermore, interaction efficiency is required to avoid fatigue and minimize error rates which could cost lives. Soldiers are understandably reluctant to use a new interface design on systems where life critical decisions are made. It is paramount to obtain user assessment of Interface Designs early and continually throughout the software development cycle to insure user acceptance and optimize user performance. Statistical based usability tests were performed with soldiers to determine display designs for the U.S. Army's Theater High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) Radar Soldier User Interface.
Plasma catalytic reforming of methane (1998)

Thermal plasma technology can be efficiently used in the production of hydrogen and hydrogen-rich gases from methane and a variety of fuels. This paper describes progress in plasma reforming experiments and calculations of high temperature conversion of methane using heterogeneous processes. The thermal plasma is a highly energetic state of matter that is characterized by extremely high temperatures (several thousand degrees Celsius) and high degree of dissociation and substantial degree of ionization. The high temperatures accelerate the reactions involved in the reforming process. Hydrogen-rich gas (50% H{sub 2}, 17% CO and 33% N{sub 2}, for partial oxidation/water shifting) can be efficiently made in compact plasma reformers. Experiments have been carried out in a small device (2--3 kW) and without the use of efficient heat regeneration. For partial oxidation/water shifting, it was determined that the specific energy consumption in the plasma reforming processes is 16 MJ/kg H{sub 2} with high conversion efficiencies. Larger plasmatrons, better reactor thermal insulation, efficient heat regeneration and improved plasma catalysis could also play a major role in specific energy consumption reduction and increasing the methane conversion. A system has been demonstrated for hydrogen production with low CO content ({approximately} 1.5%) with power densities of {approximately} 30 kW (H{sub 2} HHV)/liter of reactor, or {approximately} 10 m{sup 3}/hr H{sub 2} per liter of reactor. Power density should further increase with increased power and improved design.
Scan cell design for launch-on-shift delay tests with slow scan enable (2007)

Most scan-based designs implement the scan enable as a slow speed global control signal, and can therefore only implement launch-on-capture (LOC) delay tests. Launch-on-shift (LOS) tests are generally more effective, achieving higher fault coverage with significantly fewer test vectors, but requiring a fast scan enable. A low cost solution for implementing LOS tests by adding a small amount of logic in each flip-flop to align the slow scan enable signal to the clock edge is presented. The new design is much more efficient when compared with other recent proposals and can support full LOS testing. It can be further modified for mixed LOC/LOS tests that achieve transition delay fault coverage approaching 95% for the ISCAS89 benchmarks.
Q-T interval prolongation in cirrhosis: Prevalence, relationship with severity, and etiology of the disease and possible pathogenetic factors (1998)

Prolonged Q-T interval predicts severe arrhythmias and sudden death, and has been shown to occur in alcoholic liver disease and cirrhotic patients who are candidates for liver transplantation. This study first evaluated the prevalence of prolonged Q-T interval in a large population of unselected patients with cirrhosis, and assessed the relationship between abnormal Q-T, etiology, and severity of liver disease and mortality of patients. Possible causes of Q-T abnormality were also explored. Ninety-four patients with cirrhosis without overt heart disease and 37 control subjects with mild chronic active hepatitis were enrolled. Rate-corrected Q-T interval (Q-Tc) was assessed along with routine liver tests, Child-Pugh score, serum bile salts, electrolytes and creatinine, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, norepinephrine, atrial natriuretic factor and, gonadal hormones. Q-Tc was longer in patients with cirrhosis than in controls (440.3 +/- 3.2 vs. 393.6 +/- 3.7 ms; P < .001) and prolonged (> 440 ms) in 44 patients (46.8%) and 2 controls (5.4%; P < .001). Q-Tc length was not influenced by the etiology of cirrhosis and correlated with Child-Pugh score (r = .53; P < .001), liver tests such as prothrombin activity, and serum concentrations of albumin and bilirubin, plasma bile salts, and plasma norepinephrine. Multivariate analysis showed that only Child-Pugh score and plasma norepinephrine were independently correlated with Q-Tc duration. Over a median follow-up period of 19 months (range, 2-33 months), patients with Q-Tc longer than 440 ms had a significantly lower survival rate than those with normal Q-Tc. Q-T interval is frequently prolonged in patients with cirrhosis, regardless the etiology of the disease, worsens in parallel with the severity of the disease, and may have an important prognostic meaning. In addition to other undefined factors related to the severity of cirrhosis, sympathoadrenergic hyperactivity may play a pathogenetic role.
ChemInform Abstract: Dual Inhibitors of Platelet Activating Factor and 5‐Lipoxygenase. Part 1. 2,4‐Diaryl‐1,3‐dithiolanes. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Perceptor: A Model for Product Positioning (1975)

A model and measurement methodology is proposed to aid managers in designing new frequently purchased consumer products. The model is structured as a trial and repeat process that produces an estimate of long-run share for a new brand. Physical and psychological product attributes are linked to the trial and repeat probabilities through multidimensional scaling procedures. Perceptual maps of existing brands with ideal brand positionings are derived. The product design determines the new brand's position in the perceptual space, and the distance from the new brand to the ideal brand specifies its probability of purchase. Measurement and estimation procedures are discussed. Predictive and structural tests of the model are reported, and a process for managerial implementation is presented. The outputs of the model are an understanding of the perception, preference, and purchase process, a framework and procedure for measurement, a structure to use in interpreting experimental results, and a tool for estimating the marketing share for alternate new brand designs.
Homoisoflavonoids: Natural Scaffolds with Potent and Selective Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibition Properties (2011)

A series of homoisoflavonoids [(E)-3-benzylidenechroman-4-ones 1a-w, 3-benzyl-4H-chromen-4-ones 2a-g, and 3-benzylchroman-4-ones 3a-e] have been synthesized and tested in vitro as inhibitors of human monoamine oxidase isoforms A and B (hMAO-A and hMAO-B). Most of the compounds were found to be potent and selective MAO-B inhibitors. In general, the (E)-3-benzylidenechroman-4-ones 1a-w showed activities in the nano- or micromolar range coupled with high selectivity against hMAO-B. The reduction of the exocyclic double bond results in compounds 3a-e selective against isoform B and active in the micromolar range. In contrast, the endocyclic migration of the double bond (compounds 2a-g) generally produces the loss of the inhibitory activity or a marked reduction in potency. (E)-3-(4-(Dimethylamino)benzylidene)chroman-4-one (1l) and (E)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)chroman-4-one (1h) were the most interesting compounds of the entire series of inhibitors, showing hMAO-B affinity better than the selective inhibitor selegiline. Molecular modeling studies have been carried out to explain the selectivity of the most active homoisoflavonoids 1h and 1l.
Sphingolipids in High Fat Diet and Obesity‐Related Diseases (2015)

Nutrient oversupply associated with a high fat diet (HFD) significantly alters cellular metabolism, and specifically including sphingolipid metabolism. Sphingolipids are emerging as bioactive lipids that play key roles in regulating functions, in addition to their traditional roles as membrane structure. HFD enhances de novo sphingolipid synthesis and turnover of sphingolipids via the salvage pathway, resulting in the generation of ceramide, and more specifically long chain ceramide species. Additionally, HFD elevates sphingomyelin and sphingosine‐1 phosphate (S1P) levels in several tissues including liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and cardiovascular tissues. HFD‐stimulated sphingolipid generation contributes to systemic insulin resistance, dysregulated lipid accumulation, and cytokine expression and secretion from skeletal muscle and adipose tissues, exacerbating obesity‐related conditions. Furthermore, altered sphingolipid levels, particularly ceramide and sphingomyelin, are involved in obesity‐induced endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. In this review, HFD‐mediated sphingolipid metabolism and its impact on HFD‐induced biology and pathobiology will be discussed.
Access Selection in Multi-Access Cellular and WLAN Networks (2005)

To meet the requirements of future data-rich applications and terminals with improved multimedia, future wireless networks are expected to combine multiple access technologies. When several radio access technologies are available, the assignment and the handover of users among these technologies become fundamental problems. The solutions have a major impact on the system performance as well as on the architecture of future networks. This thesis focuses on access selection criteria in combined wide area coverage cellular and local area coverage Wireless LAN networks. More specifically, involvement of traffic load information on top of signal quality information during selection process is studied. A rough but wide-ranging theory for what gains may be expected in different scenarios is first derived through qualitative reasoning. Then, to verify the theory, a number of different signal quality based and both signal quality and load based access selection algorithms are evaluated in terms of achievable bitrate characteristics and system capacity via simulations. The algorithms are compared for a set of different user behavior scenarios. Results indicate that in scenarios with high traffic load concentrated to the hotspots or cellular access technologies offering bitrates in the same order as WLANs, principles taking signal quality and traffic load into account can provide gains around 20% both in capacity and in achievable bitrates. In scenarios with more evenly distributed traffic or WLAN bitrates exceeding those of cellular, smaller gains are achieved,