gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intermediates in the Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. II. Infrared Absorption Spectra as Evidence for the Formation of Addition Compounds of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives<sup>1,2</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntermediates in the Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. II. Infrared Absorption Spectra as Evidence for the Formation of Addition Compounds of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives1,2Myron L. BenderCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 23, 5986–5990Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01119a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01119a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views346Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nitridation anisotropy in SiO2∕4H–SiC (2005)

Nitrogen incorporation at the SiO2∕SiC interface due to annealing in NO is measured and shown to be a strong function of crystal face. The annealing process involves two major solid-state chemical reactions: nitrogen uptake at the interface and N loss associated with second-order oxidation. An ad hoc kinetics model explains the experimental observations of anisotropy and nitrogen saturation.
Self-similar synthesis on the border between sound and music (1992)

A study of the application of self-similarity to music synthesis was conducted with special emphasis on the relationship of form and matrial in art. Tonal and serial form in music was put in perspective in relation to self-similarity. The relationship between form and content was presented both in ambiguous communication systems such as music, and in mathematical systems in relationship with G¨odel&apos;s incompleteness theorem[30]. These communication systems were related to the main topic of Schoenberg &apos;s ideas of form[40], which is &quot;comprehensibility&quot;, and to the uncommunicatability of Kierkegaard&apos;s &quot;faith&quot;[21]. Auditory qualities were defined as &quot;sound&quot; and &quot;music&quot; using a definition for musical communication over a self-similar channel whose plexus is the relationship between form and content. The term &quot;musical timbre&quot; was introduced in contrast to the timbre of sound, and a uniformity among the different time scales of musical perception (i.e., form, rhythm, and pitch) was established...
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TOXOPLASMOSIS (1987)

Association pour le Développement de l'Hygiène Maternelle et Infantile Institut de Puericulture de Paris Paris, France
Effect of surface roughness on the kinetics of mass transfer during gas carburizing <sup>*</sup> (2008)

Abstract Despite its worldwide application , gas carburizing faces certain challenges in control and variability. No current carburization model accounts for the effect of surface roughness and is able to predict observed case depth variations. An investigation of the effect of surface roughness on gas carburizing performance, with the aim of developing a functional relationship between surface roughness and the mass transfer coefficient, is reported. A further objective was to model surface roughness effects on the carbon concentration profile and corresponding case depth variations. A scanning laser microscope was used to measure 3D roughness parameters and surface area of AISI 8620 steel samples subject to various surface preparation operations. Carburizing response was analyzed in terms of weight gain, microhardness and carbon concentration profiles. The weight gain and surface carbon concentration were used to calculate the mass transfer coefficient. The carburizing kinetics was found to be directly proportional to the surface roughness and was a function of surface area available for carbon transfer. The calculated mass transfer coefficients and mass transfer coefficients from the literature were used as input to the carburization model. Experimentally determined concentration profiles validated the model prediction. It is included that the model can be used to estimate initial surface conditions to improve carburizing performance and for effective process control. ▪
Author response: Precardiac deletion of Numb and Numblike reveals renewal of cardiac progenitors (2014)

Human embryos contain cells called ‘cardiac progenitor cells’ that serve as the building blocks to make the heart. Cardiac progenitor cells, or CPCs for short, initially move into areas of the embryo called the first and second heart fields, and then undergo a change to become specific types of heart cells: such as cardiac muscle cells. However, it is not known if CPCs are maintained during the development of the heart. Now, Shenje, Andersen et al. have shown that Numb and Numblike—two proteins that are needed for the development of nerve cells—are also involved in the development of the heart. Mouse embryos without the genes for Numb and Numblike failed to develop hearts normally; and these mutants also had fewer CPCs in the ‘second pharyngeal arch’: a part of the embryo that becomes the sides and front of the neck. Experiments on wild-type mice showed that the CPCs multiplied within this arch, and then changed into specific heart cells as they left this structure. Furthermore, mixing CPCs in a petri dish with cells taken from this arch encouraged the CPCs to multiply without changing into specific cell types. To investigate the importance of these two proteins further, Shenje, Andersen et al. engineered ‘chimeric’ mice in which some CPCs contained the Numb and Numblike genes and other CPCs did not. In most of these chimeric mice, the hearts developed normally, but the CPCs without the Numb or Numblike genes failed to multiply in the second pharyngeal arch. This shows that these genes must be present within an individual CPC to regulate the multiplication of that cell within this arch. By uncovering how problems with the maintenance of CPCs can lead to heart defects—a very common birth defect in humans—this work may lead to new ways to prevent or treat congenital heart disease. Furthermore, identifying the other factors or mechanisms that can allow the long-term maintenance of CPCs in the laboratory will be crucial for research into heart regeneration, and for CPC-based treatments to repair the heart.
Digital markers of sleep architecture to characterize the impact of different lockdown regimens on sleep health during the COVID-19 pandemic (2022)

International audience
Beneficial Effects of Versazyme, a Keratinase Feed Additive, on Body Weight, Feed Conversion, and Breast Yield of Broiler Chickens (2006)

Versazyme (VZ) is a keratinase-based feed additive. Broiler diets were formulated with low (95%), medium (100%), or high (105%) CP and amino acid levels relative to US Poultry Industry Reporting Service averages (2003). In each diet, amino acid minimums were maintained relative to the percentage of CP. The protein levels were as follows: starter—21, 22, 23%; grower—19, 20, 21%; finisher—17, 18, 19%; and withdrawal—16, 17, 18%. Mixed sex broilers 0 to 48 d of age were fed the 3 protein levels with and without VZ (0.10%) in a 3 × 2 factorial experiment. Statistical main effects indicated 48-d BW was greater on the high protein diets (2.42 kg) compared with low protein (2.36 kg), with the medium protein diet being intermediate (2.40 kg). Overall, VZ significantly (P < 0.01) improved 48-d BW 2.54% (from 2.36 to 2.42 kg, P < 0.01), feed conversion ratio 1.62% (from 1.912 to 1.881, P < 0.01), and breast meat yield 1.68% (from 31.57 to 32.10%, P < 0.01). The improvements in BW and feed conversion ratio by VZ were greatest with the low protein diets. However, VZ produced the greatest improvement in breast meat yield at the medium and high protein levels. This enzyme feed additive apparently improves the utilization of amino acids by broilers fed diets formulated to commercial specifications.
<title>A critical review of laser beam welding</title> (2005)

The use of lasers for welding has exhibited tremendous growth over the last decade for improving efficiency and reducing costs in a broad range of industries. Much of these successes are based on the development and availability of enabling technologies, which include improvements in process understanding, enhancements in laser sources and systems, and continued development and progression in process technology for laser beam welding of macro and micro components. The development of accurate numerical simulation techniques has provided an unprecedented opportunity to view the transient nature of laser processing. Advancements in laser source technology include the introduction of higher-power Nd:YAG lasers, utilizing diode pumped rods or disks, and fiber lasers, both providing the capability for fiber optic beam delivery. Although CO2 laser systems continue to dominate thick section welding, this influence will be challenged by emerging source technologies, namely high power fiber lasers. One of the most promising advances in laser process technology is laser-arc hybrid welding, which is seeing considerable interest worldwide and is currently being evaluated for various applications within heavy industry and manufacturing. The benefit of hybrid welding is the synergistic effect of improved processing rates and joint accommodation over either of the processes viewed separately. Other processing methods are also being developed to increase the utility of laser beam welding for industry, such as the use of dual beams and beam manipulation. The continued advancement in process knowledge is seen as a key element for facilitating the development of new processes and encouraging the acceptance of new source technology.
Determination of 17b-estradiol Concentrations in Runoff from Plots Receiving Dairy Manure (2001)

Because of growing concern about estrogenic compounds in animal wastes, theobjective of this research was to measure 17b-estradiol concentrations in runoff from plotsfertilized with liquid dairy waste. Nine plots were established at The University of TennesseeDairy Experiment Station located at Lewisburg, Tennessee, and dairy manure was applied to sixof the nine plots. Three of the plots received manure at a rate sufficient to meet the nitrogen (N)requirement for winter wheat; three received manure at a rate sufficient to meet the phosphorus(P) requirement for winter wheat, and three received no manure. Runoff samples were collectedafter each of the first six runoff events producing natural rainfalls following manure application.Enzyme linked immunosorbant assays were used to determine the concentration of 17b-estradiolin the collected runoff samples. Preliminary results are reported herein, showing that17b-estradiol concentrations in runoff from plots that historically received dairy manure, butwhich had not recently received manure, ranged from below detection threshold to 2.2 ng/L. Incontrast, average 17b-estradiol concentrations in runoff from plots receiving manure at the N-ratewere as high as 41 ng/L; plots receiving manure at the P-rate had average runoff 17b-estradiolconcentrations as high as 29 ng/L. Runoff from both N and P treatments remainedbelow the 100 ng/L level that we have taken to be biologically significant. Runoff concentrationsfrom all plots decreased with time following application of manure.
Digital opportunity: the digital gap between openness and closeness of relational divide upon the mobile phone usage (2006)

The possibility of communication nowadays depends fully on the usage of modern technology. Several digital divides exist with respect to Mobile Phone (MP) usage, and they further aggravate the interpersonal relationship. In personal connection, the availability of MP users can be measured by several indicators, such as phone number sharing behaviour and phone answering strategies. The MP users also look over the necessity of using their MP to communicate with others in daily life. The 'dual availability' model distinguishes active/passive attitude and behaviour of individual's calling and receiving styles. In the relational connection, the usage of MP, which shows multiple dimensions, such as phone contacts, face-to-face contacts and spatial distance effects, implies the openness and closeness of interpersonal relationships. In our research, MP use is a proxy of human behaviour as well as relationships, and it represents a digital opportunity for users to improve their relationship. With regard to the personal connections, caller effects show overwhelming domination over either the media use or relationship change, while the receiver effects show weaker influence. Unilateral relationships and network relationships are respectively influenced by personal and relational connections and consequently demonstrate different appearances.
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Oxazolines as a New Class of Organocatalyst for the Direct Intermolecular Asymmetric Aldol Reaction Between Acetone and Aromatic Aldehydes. (2014)

Abstract The synthesis of chiral amino oxazolines is described and the utility of the products is demonstrated in the asymmetric aldol reaction of acetone with reactive carbonyl compounds.
Sj23, the target antigen in Schistosoma japonicum adult worms of an immunodiagnostic hybridoma antibody (1983)

An IgG2a mouse hybridoma-derived antibody (designated I.134) has been identified which binds to Schistosoma japonicum adult worms and which has immunodiagnostic potential (for detection of antibody) in schistosomiasis japonica in the Philippines. The target epitope of this hybridoma antibody is contained in a 23 000 molecular weight protein of adult worms as analysed by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of immunoprecipitates and a gel overlay technique. This adult worm antigen has been labelled biosynthetically using 35S-methionine as well as exogenously using lactoperoxidase-catalysed radioiodination and the Bolton and Hunter reagent with intact worms. As anticipated, the low molecular weight protein antigen (designated Sj23) appears to be one of several major immunogenic proteins of worms which induce antibodies in infected Philippine patients.
Synthesis, NMR spectroscopic investigation, and crystal structures of 1,3-dihydro-2.lambda.4-benzotellurole-2,2-diyl bis(diethyldithiocarbamate), C8H8Te[S2CNEt2]2; S,S'-1,3-dihydro-2.lambda.4-benzotellurole-2,2-diyl O,O,O',O'-tetraethyl bis(dithiophosphate), C8H8Te[S2P(OEt)2]2; and 1,3-dihydro-2.lambda.4-benzotellurole-2,2-diyl bis(O-ethyl xanthate), C8H8Te[S2COEt]2 (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, NMR spectroscopic investigation, and crystal structures of 1,3-dihydro-2.lambda.4-benzotellurole-2,2-diyl bis(diethyldithiocarbamate), C8H8Te[S2CNEt2]2; S,S'-1,3-dihydro-2.lambda.4-benzotellurole-2,2-diyl O,O,O',O'-tetraethyl bis(dithiophosphate), C8H8Te[S2P(OEt)2]2; and 1,3-dihydro-2.lambda.4-benzotellurole-2,2-diyl bis(O-ethyl xanthate), C8H8Te[S2COEt]2Dainis. Dakternieks, Robert. Di Giacomo, Robert W. Gable, and Bernard F. HoskinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 20, 6753–6761Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00228a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00228a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: SURFACE ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY: REACTIVITY OF SILICA‐BOUND RHODIUM ALLYL COMPLEXES AND THE GENESIS OF HIGHLY DISPERSED SUPPORTED RHODIUM CATALYSTS (1983)

Abstract Der an Kieselsäure gebundene Diallyl‐Rh‐Komplex (I) wurde durch 1 H‐NMR‐, IR‐ und PE‐ Spektren charakterisiert.
LCEC determination of the copper protein ceruloplasmin in human serum at a polyaniline chemically modified electrode (1989)

Abstract A chemically modified electrode (CME) for use in the amperometric detection of the copper protein ceruloplasmin was constructed by electropolymerizing a polyaniline coating onto glassy carbon. The resultant CME, used in liquid chromatographic detection, gave an electrocatalytic response for ceruloplasmin reduction that could be employed directly by itself or could be greatly enhanced by the addition of Fe 2+ to the mobile phase. Optimum detection was achieved at an applied potential of −0.10 V vs. Ag/AgCl and with 1 mM Fe 2+ in the mobile phase. The detection limit obtained under these conditions was 2 pmol injected, and the response was linear for concentrations at least 2 orders of magnitude higher. The CME retained more than 90% of its initial response to ceruloplasmin over 30 hours of continuous exposure to the chromatographic flowstream. In practice, the liquid chromatography CME response was sensitive and selective enough to permit quantitation of physiologically relevant levels of ceruloplasmin in human serum with no sample pretreatment other than preinjection filtration.
Predictions for upscaling sonoluminescence (1998)

Detailed comparison between the hydrodynamical/chemical approach towards single bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) and recent experimental data is offered. In particular, the water temperature dependence is focused on. Moreover, detailed predictions of how to upscale SBSL are presented.
Role of Hydration State and Thiol-Disulfide Status in the Control of Thermal Stability and Protein Synthesis in Wheat Embryo (1980)

Reduced (GSH), oxidized (GSSG), and protein-bound (PSSG) glutathione were determined in dry and hydrated wheat embryos. Dry embryos contained about 0.6 mumoles per gram dry weight each of GSSG and PSSG, and these levels declined 5- to 10-fold within minutes after the onset of imbibition. GSH declined from about 8 to 2 mumoles per gram over a period of 90 minutes. Similar changes occurred when embryos were hydrated by storage at 100% relative humidity. The decline in glutathione levels was not reversed upon redrying hydrated embryos. About 40% of the cysteine residues of embryo protein was found to be in the disulfide form in both dry and imbibed embryos. The ability of wheat embryos to withstand heat shock was shown to correlate with water content but not GSSG content. Incorporation of [(35)S]methionine into protein was studied using a system based upon wheat embryo extract (S23). Incorporation rate was found to be sensitive to the nature of thiol added to the system and to be decreased by GSSG. S23 exhibited a substantial capacity to reduce GSSG and preparation of S23 having a GSSG content comparable to dry embryos required addition of large amounts of GSSG to the extraction buffer S23 prepared in this fashion exhibited a marked decrease in ability to support protein synthesis. These results suggest that the early decrease in GSSG during germination is necessary for optimal protein synthesis in wheat embryo.
The Ste20-like Kinase SLK Is Required for Cell Cycle Progression through G2 (2005)

We have previously shown that the Ste20-like kinase SLK is a microtubule-associated protein that can regulate actin reorganization during cell adhesion and spreading (Wagner, S., Flood, T. A., O'Reilly, P., Hume, K., and Sabourin, L. A. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 37685-37692). Because of its association with the microtubule network, we investigated whether SLK plays a role in cell cycle progression, a process that requires microtubule dynamics during mitosis. Consistent with microtubule association in exponentially growing cells, our results showed that SLK co-localizes with the mitotic spindle in cells undergoing mitosis. Expression of a kinase-inactive mutant or SLK small interfering RNAs inhibited cell proliferation and resulted in an accumulation of quiescent cells stimulated to re-enter the cell cycle in the G2 phase. Cultures expressing the mutant SLK displayed a normal pattern of cyclin D, E, and B expression but failed to down-regulate cyclin A levels, suggesting that they cannot proceed through M phase. In addition, these cultures displayed low levels of both phospho-H3 and active p34/cdc2 kinase. Overexpression of active SLK resulted in ectopic spindle assembly and the induction of cell cycle re-entry of Xenopus oocytes, suggesting that SLK is required for progression through G2 upstream of H1 kinase activation.
Advanced Diagnostics and Kinetics of Oxygen-Iodine Laser Systems (2005)

*† ‡ § ** This paper describes a comprehensive, multispecies diagnostic suite for the characterization of chemical and electrical oxygen-iodine laser kinetics. Oxygen-iodine lasers involve reactions and energy transfer among several key species, including electronically excited O2(a) and O2(b), the reagent I2, ground-state I, electronically excited I * , and, in the case of electric-discharge driven systems, atomic oxygen. We have implemented highly sensitive and accurate methods for the measurement of all of these species in a chemically reacting flow system. We have used quantitative near-infrared emission spectroscopy to detect O2(a), O2(b), and I * , ultra-high precision absorption spectroscopy to detect I2, ultra-high precision tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy to detect I:I * small-signal gain, and a chemiluminescent titration method to detect O. All of these methods provide well-resolved species concentrations, and the spectral emission and laser absorption measurements also provide spectroscopic determinations of gas temperature. Multispecies measurements of this type constrain reacting flow models so that gaps in our understanding of these systems can be identified and resolved. Through accurately calibrated spectral emission measurements, we have shown that high yields of O2(a) (>20%) can be attained via microwave discharge excitation of flowing dilute mixtures of O2 and Ar. For these conditions, we have observed positive small-signal gain on the I * - I transition, however the multispecies concentration data clearly show the existence of previously unknown kinetics limitations related to the presence of O. We discuss the calibration and accuracy of the diagnostic methods, and the implications of the results for the kinetics of discharge-driven oxygen-iodine laser systems.