gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical Relationships Extraction Techniques from Patient Narratives (2013)

The Clinical E-Science Framework (CLEF) project was used to extract important information from medical texts by building a system for the purpose of clinical research, evidence-based healthcare and genotype-meets-phenotype informatics. The system is divided into two parts, one part concerns with the identification of relationships between clinically important entities in the text. The full parses and domain-specific grammars had been used to apply many approaches to extract the relationship. In the second part of the system, statistical machine learning (ML) approaches are applied to extract relationship. A corpus of oncology narratives that hand annotated with clinical relationships can be used to train and test a system that has been designed and implemented by supervised machine learning (ML) approaches. Many features can be extracted from these texts that are used to build a model by the classifier. Multiple supervised machine learning algorithms can be applied for relationship extraction. Effects of adding the features, changing the size of the corpus, and changing the type of the algorithm on relationship extraction are examined. Keywords: Text mining; information extraction; NLP; entities; and relations.
Neuropharmacology of Paradoxic Weight Gain with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (2000)

It has been suggested that weight gain associated with tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) reflect actions on dopamine (DA) and histamine receptors. However, a definitive cause is purely assumptive given the nonselective pharmacology of these agents. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), as well as agents like dexfenfluramine (DFF), have emphasized the pivotal role of serotonin (5HT) in reducing carbohydrate (CHO) intake, and have provided a more selective tool with which to study appetite regulation. It would be expected that all SSRIs should exert a similar anorectic action. However, recent reports provide evidence to the contrary. Despite their claimed selectivity, SSRIs still interact, either directly or indirectly, with various critical neurotransmitter systems. In addition, although the anorectic action of fluoxetine (FLX) is well recognized, long-term follow-up studies in depressed patients and in obese nondepressed patients reveal that its weight-reducing effects are transient, even leading to a gain in body weight. Similarly, paroxetine (PRX) and citalopram (CTP) have also been associated with weight gain. These latter observations are unexpected because PRX and CTP are highly potent and selective SSRIs. A neuropharmacologic rationale for the apparent paradoxic effects of SSRIs on appetite not a review of neuronal regulation of appetite is presented in this article. As with the regulation of feeding, paradoxic weight gain observed with SSRIs appears to rest on the interaction of 5HT with multiple mechanisms, with the extent of weight gain observed being dependent on subtle, yet important pharmacologic differences within the group. Finally, the neurobiology of depressive illness itself, and of recovery from it, is a major contributing factor to individual response to these drugs.
<i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> Infection and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquisition in African Women (2008)

T. vaginalis infection is strongly associated with an increased risk for HIV infection in this general population of African women. Given the high prevalence of T. vaginalis infection in HIV-endemic areas, T. vaginalis control may have a substantial impact on preventing HIV acquisition among women.
Protein Aggregation and Defective RNA Metabolism as Mechanisms for Motor Neuron Damage (2010)

The presence of protein inclusions within the central nervous system is a characteristic of most neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Aggregates may induce cell death trough several mechanisms, such as sequestration of essential cellular components, clogging of the proteasome system, and/or disruption of axonal transport. The neuropathological signature of ALS is represented by the presence of ubiquitinated inclusions immunoreactive for the protein TDP-43 in the cytoplasm of motor neurons. Recent studies demonstrated that a significant percentage of familial ALS cases are caused by pathogenic mutations in the TAR DNA binding protein and fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma genes encoding, respectively, for TDP-43 and FUS proteins. Both TDP-43 and FUS are DNA/RNA-binding proteins involved in transcriptional regulation and splicing, shuttling, maturation and transport of mRNA molecules. Mutations in the two genes seem to induce a nucleo-cytoplasmic redistribution of FUS and TDP-43, possibly promoting aggregate formation and/or disrupting their physiological nuclear functions or their interactions with specific RNA targets. Those findings collectively suggest that alterations in cellular RNA metabolism may trigger motor neuron degeneration.
Absorbance and fluorescence properties of 2'(3')-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate bound to coupled and uncoupled Ca2+-ATPase of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. (1986)

Preincubation of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles in the presence of the calcium chelator, [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)tetraacetic acid] (EGTA), irreversibly uncouples calcium transport from ATP hydrolysis. Uncoupling cannot be explained by increased membrane permeability, but is associated with decreased capacity of the Ca2+-ATPase to bind noncatalytic, tightly bound ATP and ADP (Berman, M. C. (1982) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 694, 95-121). The effects of EGTA-induced uncoupling on absorbance and fluorescence properties of the bound ATP analog, 2'(3')-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate (TNP-ATP), have been studied under static and turnover conditions. Binding of 4.5-4.9 nmol of TNP-ATP/mg, as determined by absorbance difference titration, was relatively unaffected in the uncoupled state. TNP-ATP, bound to coupled vesicles during turnover, showed 6-8-fold enhanced fluorescence and a shift in the difference absorbance maximum from 510 to 493 nm, indicating increased hydrophobicity of the noncatalytic site. Turnover-dependent fluorescence enhancement was diminished by 60-70% in the uncoupled state, while the absorbance maximum wavelength shift was abolished. These data, correlating changes in the environment of the noncatalytic or regulatory nucleotide binding site on the Ca2+-ATPase with coupling activity, indicate that uncoupling is an intramolecular process, involving a ligand binding site on the ATPase, and that exclusion of H2O from the site occupied by noncatalytic nucleotides, during at least part of the catalytic cycle, is an event associated with energy transduction.
Introduction (1994)

Research in breast cancer is going forward at an unprecedented pace.The number of laboratories and centers pursuing new trials and the volume of the publications appearing are difficult to follow comprehensively.Publication also lags several years behind the cutting edge of clinical and laboratory investigations.A need was perceived for investigators to discuss some of the major efforts now underway in this field.The focus would be on those avenues of research now being pursued as well as those that are anticipated rather than on recently completed work.The direction was present and future rather than recent past.
Microbatch under-oil salt screening of organic cations: single-crystal growth of active pharmaceutical ingredients (2019)

Multicomponent solid forms of active pharmaceutical ingredients represent a modern method of tuning their physicochemical properties. Typically, salts are the most commonly used multicomponent solid form in the pharmaceutical industry. More than 38% are formulated as organic cations. Salt screening is an essential but demanding step when identifying the most appropriate formulation. The microbatch under-oil crystallization technique of proteins has been combined with the previously developed high-throughput vapour-diffusion screening for use as a novel method of primary salt screening of organic cations. The procedure allows the set up of about 100 crystallization experiments per 30 min. This requires between 17 and 564 mg of screened cationic active pharmaceutical ingredients, which were of moderate to very high water solublity. Five distinct organic salts, three of them diverse active pharmaceutical compounds or the other enantiomer thereof, in the form of chloride salts were tested. The screening was extremely successful; at least two new single-crystal structures could be obtained for each particular compound and many more salts as single crystals were formed compared with our previous vapour-diffusion method.
ChemInform Abstract: The Biomolecular Reactivity of Singlet Molecular Oxygen (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Papillomas and cancer in cattle. (1987)

Papillomaviruses induce hyperproliferation of epithelial cells of the skin or mucosa (papillomas), and certain types can also infect fibroblasts. They are a very heterogeneous group of viruses, and individual types are associated with specific lesions. The papillomas are mostly benign but some tumours may eventually undergo malignant conversion when genetic or environmental factors are involved. In cattle, bovine papillomavirus type 4 (BPV-4) is the causative agent of papillomas of the alimentary canal, which can become the focus for the development of carcinomas in animals feeding on the bracken fern. These animals are immunosuppressed and are often affected also by adenocarcinomas of the lower bowel and by carcinomas and haemangiosarcomas of the urinary bladder. Persistent, widespread papillomatosis and cancers of both the alimentary tract and the urinary bladder have been experimentally reproduced in animals either kept on a diet of bracken or immunosuppressed with azathioprine. As is the case for the naturally occurring cancers, no viral DNA was detected in the experimental cancers of the upper alimentary canal or of the lower bowel, indicating that the viral genome is not required for the maintenance of the malignant state. On the contrary, BPV-2 DNA was detected in several bladder cancers, both natural and experimental, suggesting that this virus can be present in a latent form and can be involved in malignant transformation. Further evidence of latent infection was provided by the onset of BPV-1 or BPV-2 skin warts in papillomatosis-free animals. These findings are obviously relevant to the human disease.
Correction of Mandibular Hypoplasia by Means of Bidirectional Callus Distraction (1996)

The method of gradual callus distraction proved to be very useful in augmenting hypoplastic mandibles. When performing our first series using a unidirectional distractor, we faced some problems in determining the direction of lengthening. Moreover, postoperative adjustments were not possible. On the basis of this experience, we developed a bidirectional lengthening device consisting of two limbs and a variable angulation piece. This allows distinct control of the vertical and horizontal components of the distraction. The method proved effective and reliable in 18 patients with various degrees of mandibular hypoplasia. The median follow-up period was 10 months (range, 1-19 months).
Some features of superconducting dual bore lens (2003)

Design of dual bore superconducting quadrupole for CESR upgrade is represented. The lens has a gradient about 1 kG/cm, dual aperture of 54 mm each, length about 800 mm, The axes spacing about 80 mm allows a good separation of counter rotating beams. The harmonics content measured below 0.05%. Some concepts used in this dual bore lens could be used for design of any multi aperture lens, where high field quality is required.
Computer-aided design of electrical machines for variable speed applications (1988)

Product life cycle has decreased and demands for new products have emerged due to competition, modern industrial needs, and rapidly changing technology. This has necessitated changes in design, development, and manufacturing processes to improve quality and efficiency and to reduce cost. Computer-aided design (CAD) helps to meet this challenge in the design evaluation and final product design stages. The authors present the development of interactive software for the optimal design of a motor intended for variable speed applications. The use of finite element analysis methods is proposed as an indispensable part of the CAD system for electrical machine design. An illustration of the method is given for the design of a switched reluctance motor excited with rectangular blocks of current.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rapid and sensitive method for determination of total organic carbon by wet oxidation-nondispersive infrared gas analyzer (1978)

水溶性及び懸濁性の全有機炭素を容易にかつ高感度に定量するため,試料を過硫酸カリウムと硝酸銀で湿式酸化し,生成した二酸化炭素を非分散型赤外線ガス分析計で測定する方法を検討した.本法によると,試料水(1～50)ml中の有機炭素0.5μg以上が定量でき,その所要時間は全操作を通じて(4～10)分であった.100μgのグルコースの有機炭素の回収率に関する変動係数は1.6%であった.幾つかの水溶性有機化合物と微生物体のような懸濁性有機物の炭素回収率を検討し,この方法が汚濁水の有機炭素の分析に有効であることを明らかにした.
Tumor suppression and inhibition of aneuploid cell accumulation in human brain tumor cells by ectopic overexpression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27KIP1. (1996)

To investigate how overexpression of p27KIP1, a downstream effector of TGF-beta and a universal cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor could influence the malignant phenotype of malignant human brain tumor cells, an adenovirus vector system was used to transfer the human p27KIP1 gene (Adp27KIP1) into the human astrocytoma cell line, U-373MG. Inhibition of CDK activity in Adp27KIP1-infected cells was indicated by inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation, an increase in cell doubling time and by cell cycle arrest in G1. Notably, ectopic overexpression of p27KIP1 was associated with a marked decrease in the accumulation of aneuploid cells. Diminished malignant potential of Adp27KIP1-infected cells was manifested by the loss of anchorage-independent growth in soft agar and by the inability to induce tumorgenesis in a xenograft model. These studies suggest that p27KIP1 is a tumor suppressor gene and supports the use of Adp27KIP1 for gene therapy of human brain tumors.
Gas Flow to Enhance the Detection of Alpha-Induced Air Radioluminescence Based on a UVTron Flame Sensor (2018)

In many field applications where alpha-induced radioluminescence (or so-called UV fluorescence) could potentially be used for stand-off detection of alpha-emitting materials, it may not be possible to create a fully purged gas atmosphere. Hence, an alternative gas delivery method to utilise the radioluminescence enhancing properties of gases has been investigated, with the novel results from this presented herewithin. A solar blind ultraviolet C (UVC) sensor (UVTron R9533, Hamamatsu, Japan) has been used to detect changes in the signal in the UVC wavelength range (180⁻280 nm), where gases of Ar, Xe, Ne, N₂, Kr, and P-10 were flowed over a 6.95 MBq <sup>210</sup>Po source using a narrow diameter pipe close to the source. In comparison with an air atmosphere, there was an increase in signal in all instances, the greatest being the flow of Xe, which in one instance greater than doubled the average counts per second. This increase in signal could prove beneficial in the design of a stand-off alpha detector to detect the very small UVC radioluminescence signals from alpha-emitting materials found in nuclear decommissioning environments.
A Festschrift Honoring Professor Louis B. Sohn (April 8, 2000) (2000)

The problem was so simple it was almost staggering when we recognized it. We are a student-published journal fortuitously attached to a law school with a stellar international law department, covering all aspects of world law, including human rights, trade, environmental, business transactional and arbitration. The scholars associated with The George Washington Law School include such bright lights as Judge Thomas Buergenthal of the International Court of Justice, and one of the most well-known public international law scholars in the field, Louis B. Sohn. Yet, we were regularly receiving a disproportionately large number of article submissions on the topic of law and economics. No Chicago in the title, but we knew that there is always something in a name, and ours was The George Washington Journal of Law and Economics. My predecessor W. Patrick Evans and the Volume 33 Editorial Board arrived at an equally simple solution. We changed our name to The George Washington International Law Review to demonstrate our desire to continue a long-standing tradition of excellence, while clarifying that the scope of our publication encompasses both public and private international law. To do so, we added another edition, now publishing four volumes. This year we hosted and will publish the presentations of the first international trade symposium, a program that will occur biennially. Appropriately, this the first edition to reflect the new title and expanded treatment offers the May 2000 symposium honoring Professor Sohn. A symposium on topics of public international law, named for and in honor of Professor Sohn and Judge Buergenthal, will also become a biennial GW[LR event. We wish you welcome to our new endeavor, and look forward to a continuation of our commitment to publish scholarship of the highest quality and intellectual content. For most of you reading this letter, while a 'welcome' may be a non-essential pleasantry, an 'explanation' of why we chose to initiate our name-change with Professor Sohn's festschrift is an absolute non-necessity. You do not need to be told about Professor Louis B. Sohn, nor his contribution to international law. So, those newly-- arrived to international law, please continue; for everyone else, read on to recall the delight that was yours the first time you read Professor Sohn's work. The articles in this edition of the GW/LR are from a symposium dedicated to Professor Sohn and his contribution to all aspects of international law, notably the drafting of the United Nations Charter and vast contributions to the legal corpus of the Law of the Sea, as a scholar and as a Deputy Representative of the United States' Delegation to the Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea. The festschrift memorialized here does not represent the first such lionization of a man whose career has spanned more than sixty years since he arrived in the United States from Poland in 1939. Among his numerous awards, Professor Sohn is a recipient of the American Bar Association's Leonard J. Theberge Award for Private International Law. …
making a difference (2004)

Having been trained to carry out smear tests, and with the help of her trusty rag doll, Julie Wilkins now helps women with learning disabilities to take advantage of health screening programmes
An Efficient Route to Quinolines and Other Compounds by Iron‐Catalysed Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions of Glycine Derivatives (2012)

Abstract A simple method has been developed for functionalizing glycine derivatives by iron‐catalysed cross‐dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reactions. In particular, N ‐arylglycine derivatives reacted with alkynes by oxidative C–H/C–H coupling reactions to provide a series of substituted quinolines starting from commercially inexpensive materials. Moreover, N ‐arylglycine esters can be oxidatively coupled to ketones by using FeCl 3 in the presence of DDQ.
NEOCONSTITUCIONALISMO, NEOPROCESSUALISMO, PÓSPOSITIVISMO, FORMALISMO-VALORATIVO... A SUPREMACIA CONSTITUCIONAL NO ESTUDO DO PROCESSO (2012)

Vivemos uma epoca de transformacoes. Tudo tem se passado muito rapido, e as relacoes, antes duradouras e vitalicias, tornam-se efemeras. O homem nao mais se contenta com aquilo que seus ancestrais detinham, e busca, incessantemente, novos e breves direitos. Relacoes familiares, de amizade, de emprego, sociais, enfim, sao cada vez mais intensas, porem menos prolongadas. Nao se concebe, como outrora, que se aguarde o passar do tempo. Tradicoes sao sufragadas, conceitos eternos sao deixados de lado, dogmas caem como castelos de cartas; valoriza-se o novo, o moderno, o atual, o neo.
Fast and accurate spike sorting of high-channel count probes with KiloSort (2016)

Marius Pachitariu, Nick Steinmetz, Shabnam Kadir, Matteo Carandini, and Kenneth Harris, ‘Fast and accurate spike sorting of high-channel count probes with KiloSort’, Paper presented at the Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS 2016) Conference, 5 -10 December 2016, Centre Convencions Internacional, Barcelona, Spain, https://papers.nips.cc/book/advances-in-neural-information-processing-systems-29-2016
A Long-Term Experience With Biliary Atresia (1991)

Thirty-four infants with biliary atresia were primarily treated at our institution between 1974 and 1987. The mean age at diagnosis was 8.8 weeks. The Kasai portoenterostomy was used in 11 patients (32%) and the Sawaguchi modification in 23 infants (68%). Overall survival was 47% (16/34), with a mean follow-up of 45 months. Fifteen survivors (94%) are jaundice free, with two having undergone liver transplantation. Survival was not influenced by earlier age at operation, size of ductal remnants, or the use of an external biliary vent. Good bile flow was predictive of a favorable outcome. The incidence of cholangitis was increased in the Kasai (87%) versus the Sawaguchi groups (45%) (p less than 0.05), but 1-year survival rates were similar (55% vs 64%). The authors conclude that portoenterostomy offers a reasonable chance for success and should be the initial procedure for biliary atresia.
Two-Stage Wideband Energy Harvester Driven by Multimode Coupled Vibration (2014)

This study develops a piezoelectric vibratory energy harvester intended for wideband operation at low frequencies. The harvester features a two-stage vibratory structure. The first stage picks up ambient low-frequency vibration and excites the second stage to vibrate at its resonant frequency, thereby realizing frequency upconversion and improving power-generation capability. The first stage is designed as a multimode resonator to adapt to a wide frequency band by multimode vibration coupling. Finite element simulation and lumped-element modeling indicate that the multimode coupled vibration at the first stage can excite the second stage into wideband resonance that well adapts the electric power generation to the wideband ambient vibrations. The micro harvesters are fabricated, with the testing results validating the design concept. The harvester can operate under acceleration amplitude of 1 g and frequency from 10 to 30 Hz. A peak power of 24.56 μW and a maximum average power of 3.62 μW are achieved at 1 g and 20 Hz. The harvester also exhibits power generating capability under excitation of the vibration from a running bus, where a peak power of 6.89 μW is generated.
Adaptive Chromatic Dispersion Compensation for Coherent Communication Systems Using Delay-Tap Sampling Technique (2011)

A fast and low-complexity adaptive chromatic dispersion (CD) compensation algorithm based on delay-tap sampling technique for optical coherent systems is proposed. By generating a delay-tap plot from the signal powers after an adaptive CD equalizer, a parameter can be extracted from the delay-tap plot which can be used to estimate CD accurately. Simulation results for coherent polarization-division-multiplexed (PDM) quaternary phase-shift keying (QPSK) as well as 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) systems with various pulse shapes demonstrate that high CD estimation accuracies using relatively few data symbols can be achieved in presence of other transmission impairments.