gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observations on the Culture Diagnosis of Gonorrhea in Women (1969)

Specimens were cultured from women suspected of having venereal disease to determine at which anatomical site or sites Neisseria gonorrhoeae can be most commonly found. Of the four sites examined (cervix, urethra, vagina, and rectum), the cervical site was the single site most often infected. When the results of two sites were combined, the cervical and rectal cultures gave the greatest frequency of detection. Nevertheless, it is felt that 6% to 8% of females with gonorrhea will have negative cultures from all four sites at any one visit.
Quantum Computing: Architectures, Circuits, Algorithms (2019)

The aim of this paper is to provide a brief overview of Quantum Computing development with focus on quantum architectures, gates, circuits, tools, and quantum error correction. We also discuss research challenges and needs in quantum computing pertaining to architectures, circuits, tool developments and algorithms.
Estimation of flux linkage by analyzing flux paths in a switched reluctance motor (2012)

Inductance of phase windings is a key parameter in determining the behavior of a switched reluctance motor (SRM) [1–8]. Therefore, the accurate prediction of inductance at aligned and unaligned rotor positions makes a significant contribution to the design of an SRM and its analytical approach is not straightforward due to nonlinear saturation in flux. Although several different approaches using a finite element analysis (FEA) or a curve-fitting tool have been employed to compute phase inductance [2–5], they are not suitable for a simple design procedure because the FEA necessitates a large amount of time in both modeling and solving with complexity for every motor design, and the curve-fitting requires the data of flux linkage from either an experimental test or an FEA simulation. In this paper, phase inductance at aligned and unaligned rotor positions is estimated by means of a reluctance network, and the proposed approach is analytically verified in terms of accuracy compared to FEA simulation.
STAGES IN GERMINATION OF SPORES OF<i>BACILLUS LICHENIFORMIS</i> (1962)

Halmann, M. (The Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona) and A. Keynan. Stages in germination of spores of Bacillus licheniformis. J. Bacteriol. 84:1187-1193. 1962.-This work defines conditions under which the first biochemical step in germination of spores (the so-called trigger reaction) could be studied separately from subsequent steps in germination. Although the initiation of germination of spores of Bacillus licheniformis occurred only above 20 C, and at pH 6, spores preincubated for short periods at this temperature and pH will continue to germinate when transferred to a lower temperature or pH. d-Alanine, various salts, and ethyl pyruvate inhibited the trigger reaction, but did not inhibit the continued germination of triggered spores. The results of this experiment are consistent with the notion that the germination reaction is composed of at least two distinct metabolic phases, and that the functioning of the enzyme l-alanine dehydrogenase is necessary for the first phase, the trigger reaction.
Immobilizing Enzymes onto Electrode Arrays by Hydrogel Photolithography to Fabricate Multi-Analyte Electrochemical Biosensors (2010)

This paper describes a biomaterial microfabrication approach for interfacing functional biomolecules (enzymes) with electrode arrays. Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel photopatterning was employed to integrate gold electrode arrays with the enzymes glucose oxidase (GOX) and lactate oxidase (LOX). In this process, PEG diacrylate (DA)-based prepolymer containing enzyme molecules as well as redox species (vinylferrocene) was spin-coated, registered, and UV cross-linked on top of an array of gold electrodes. As a result, enzyme-carrying circular hydrogel structures (600 microm diameter) were fabricated on top of 300 microm diameter gold electrodes. Importantly, when used with multiple masks, hydrogel photolithography allowed us to immobilize GOX and LOX molecules on adjacent electrodes within the same electrode array. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometry were used to characterize biosensor electrode arrays. The response of the biosensor array was linear for up to 20 mM glucose with sensitivity of 0.9 microA cm(-2) mM(-1) and 10 mM lactate with sensitivity of 1.1 microA cm(-2) mM(-1). Importantly, simultaneous detection of glucose and lactate from the same electrode array was demonstrated. A novel strategy for integrating biological and electrical components of a biosensor described in this paper provides the flexibility to spatially resolve and register different biorecognition elements with individual members of a miniature electrode array. Of particular interest to us are future applications of these miniature electrodes for real-time monitoring of metabolite fluxes in the vicinity of living cells.
Preparation of mono‐<sup>15</sup>N‐cyanogen and mono‐<sup>13</sup>C‐cyanogen (1992)

Abstract The preparation of the unsymmetrically isotope‐labelled title compounds was achieved in pure form for the first time. While mono‐ 15 N‐cyanogen is available in a two‐step‐synthesis, the preparation of mono‐ 13 C‐cyanogen requires five steps, the last step in both cases being the dehydration of mono‐ 15 N‐e.g. mono‐ 13 C‐oxamide with phosphorus pentoxide.
A Hot-Swap Solution for Paralleled Power Modules by Using Current-Sharing Interface Circuits (2006)

A hot swap of power modules is required by high-availability parallel power module systems. With the hot-swappable paralleled power modules, the system up-time can be maximized, the system maintenance and repair can be simplified, and the system upgrade can be allowed for. In this paper, a simple hot-swap solution is proposed for the paralleled power modules which use current-sharing (CS) interface circuits to do the CS work. By redesigning the basic function circuits of the CS interface circuits (such as the under voltage protection circuit, the current-sharing circuit, and the light load protection circuit etc.), an additional hot-swap function can be implemented "parasitically". There is no extra hot-swap controller and no compatibility problem between the hot-swap and CS solutions used. A prototype CS interface circuit with a "parasitic" hot-swap function was designed, implemented, and tested. The results show that the proposed hot-swap solution is feasible and suitable
An overview of sigma delta ADCs and DAC devices (1995)

Presents a review and intuitive introduction to oversampling DSP techniques and the theory and advantages of sigma delta (/spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/) devices for digital to analog conversion (DAC) and analogue to digital conversion (ADC). The paper initially introduces conventional Nyquist sampling rate DSP, followed by an overview of decimation, interpolation, and a discussion of the advantages of using oversampling to reduce the anti-alias and reconstruction filter specifications. It is then discussed why oversampling can be used to increase the resolution of an N-bit signal to N+1 bits, by sampling at 4/spl times/ the Nyquist rate to reduce the in-band ADC quantisation noise. Sigma-delta (/spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/) noise shaping techniques are then introduced and a brief overview of some devices is presented. Finally the authors comment on a few of the active research areas related to /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ devices.
Analysis of 2-Methylisoborneol and Geosmin in Catfish by Microwave Distillation−Solid-Phase Microextraction (1998)

The semivolatile cyclic alcohols 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin (GSM) impart muddy or musty flavors to water and food products. A rapid quantitative analytical technique has been developed whereby microwave distillation is used to remove the volatile organic compounds from a lipophilic matrix into an aqueous matrix. Solid-phase microextraction (MD-SPME) is then used to extract and concentrate the analytes, which are then desorbed in the injection port of a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) for analysis. Limits of detection are 0.01 microg/kg and limits of quantification are 0.1 microg/kg. MD-SPME is comparable in precision, requires no solvents, and is faster than current methods of analysis. This methodology allows detection of MIB and GSM at concentrations below human sensory thresholds in fish tissue.
Adaptive Video Motion Estimation Algorithm via Estimation of Motion Length Distribution and Bayesian Classification (2006)

Real videos contain mixture of motions with slow and fast contents. No fixed fast block matching algorithm can efficiently remove temporal redundancy of video sequences with wide motion contents. In this paper, an adaptive fast block matching algorithm, called classification based adaptive search (CBAS) has been proposed. A Bayes classifier is applied to classify the motions into slow and fast categories. Accordingly, appropriate search strategy is applied for each class. The algorithm switches between different search patterns according to the content of motions within video frames. Experimental results show the proposed technique outperforms conventional standalone fast block matching methods in terms of both peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and computational complexity
Ultrafast spin demagnetization by nonthermal electrons of TbFe alloy film (2009)

An ultrafast spin demagnetization process of an amorphous Tb35Fe65 alloy film has been investigated by means of an all-optical pump-probe technique. Interestingly, steplike demagnetization on a subpicosecond time scale is observed before a much slower change on a time scale of tens of picoseconds. The steplike demagnetization at the subpicosecond scale is explained by the extended three-temperature model considering the interaction between a nonthermal electron and a spin system. The characteristic of subpicosecond demagnetization of TbFe alloy film is expected to be very useful in the manipulation of the spin state in ultrafast regime.
Phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides in municipal landfill leachates (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides in municipal landfill leachatesPeter A. Gintautas, Stephen R. Daniel, and Donald L. MacaladyCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26, 3, 517–521Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00027a011https://doi.org/10.1021/es00027a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views153Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Risk-Adjusted Performance of Funds of Hedge Funds Using a Modified Sharpe Ratio (2003)

Many institutional investors use the traditional Sharpe ratio today to examine the risk-adjusted performance of funds of hedge funds (FOFs). However, this could pose problems due to the non-normal returns of this alternative asset class. A modified value at risk (VaR) and modified Sharpe ratio solves the problem and can provide a superior tool for correctly measuring risk-adjusted performance. In this article, the authors rank 30 funds of hedge funds according to the Sharpe and modified Sharpe ratio. Their results indicate that the modified Sharpe is lower and more accurate when examining non-normal returns.
Risk assessment for children exposed to decabromodiphenyl (oxide) ether (deca) in the United States (2006)

Decabromodiphenyl (oxide) ether (Deca) is a widely used brominated flame retardant in the United States predominantly in the hard-plastic housings of consumer electronics and in flame-retarded backing on textiles used in furniture. A child-specific exposure assessment of Deca was performed for the US Environmental Protection Agency's Voluntary Children's Chemical Evaluation Program (VCCEP). The VCCEP guidance for a tier 1 exposure assessment requires that a screening-level assessment be conducted using currently available data and conservative assumptions. For Deca, relevant exposure pathways considered were general environmental exposures (e.g., exposures to contaminated soil, dust, air, and food), breast milk exposures, inhalation of Deca-containing particulates in air, and mouthing Deca-containing consumer products. For each of these scenarios, a mid-range and upper estimate of age-appropriate intakes were calculated. The calculated intakes indicate that, despite the uncertainties, children appear to be exposed to Deca at levels at least 1 order of magnitude, with most being several orders of magnitude, below the National Academy of Sciences reference dose for Deca of 4 mg/kg/d. This analysis indicates that, using the available data, current levels of Deca in the United States are unlikely to represent an adverse health risk for children.
CADASIL: Hereditary Arteriopathy Leading to Multiple Brain Infarcts and Dementia (2000)

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) often begins with migraine with aura. Recurrent strokes usually appear between 30 and 50 years of age. The arteriopathy develops slowly, resulting in destruction of smooth muscle cells and thickening and fibrosis of the walls of small and medium-sized penetrating arteries with consequent narrowing of the lumen. This impairs cerebral blood flow, visible in PET, and produces characteristic white-matter hyperintensities in T2-weighted MRI on the basis of which CADASIL may be diagnosed well before the first stroke. Multiple lacunar infarcts, mainly in the frontal white matter and basal ganglia, lead to progressive permanent brain damage manifested as cognitive decline and finally as dementia. At present, no specific therapy is available. Infarcts result from thickening and fibrosis of the walls of small and medium-sized penetrating arteries with consequent obliteration and/or thrombosis. Although the symptoms are almost exclusively neurological, the arteriopathy is generalized and diagnosis can be made on the basis of accumulation of pathognomonic basophilic, PAS-positive and in electron microscopy osmiophilic material between degenerating smooth muscle cells in dermal arteries. CADASIL is caused by missense point mutations in the Notch3 gene, which encodes a transmembrane receptor protein with an important signaling function during development. The gene defects lead to either a gain or loss of a cysteine residue in the extracellular N-terminal part of the molecule, most probably causing a conformational and functional alteration. The function of Notch3 in adults and the definite pathogenesis of CADASIL are still unknown, but interestingly its intramembranous proteolytic cleavage may be regulated or implemented by presenilin similarly as cleavage of amyloid precursor protein in Alzheimer's disease.
Multi-media Chemical Reactor Engineering - the Reacted Project (1998)

Chemical reactor engineering is treated comprehensively in standard texts yet on initial exposure students struggle to grasp anything more than the basics of the topic because of the extensive mathematical derivations required. Students lose touch with the context of what they are trying to do during the abstract process of derivation and are confused when trying to use the resultant equations to solve actual reactor problems. A self-paced, interactive multi-media package, coupled with supervised laboratory sessions has been developed to both deliver information and to demonstrate and explain the problem solving process whilst incorporating support mechanisms desired by students. This package is called ReactEd. In this paper we outline how the design elements of ReactEd meet the learning criteria identified.
Autoimmunity in multiple sclerosis: study of a wide spectrum of autoantibodies (1999)

The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of organ- and nonorgan-specific autoantibodies in MS patients and evaluate whether the presence of autoantibodies is an indicator of disease activity and/or a prognosis factor. One hundred and five definite MS patients in different stages and with different course and 75 blood donors were tested for the autoantibodies TgA, TMA/TPO-A, PCA, ANA, aCl, SMA, AMA and ANCA. All patients were screened for the LAC. Autoantibodies to at least one autoantigen were found in 66.6% MS patients and in 13.3% controls (P < 0.001). The frequency of TgA, TMA/TPO-A, ANA, aCl and SMA was statistically higher in patients than in controls. Circulating ANCAs were found in seven MS, a never reported finding. An early onset of MS (< 20 years) was associated with a lower autoantibody frequency (P < 0.01) Primary and secondary progressive MS had a higher antibody frequency than relapsing-remitting (P < 0.05) or benign (P < 0.001) MS. Up to 86% of patients were autoantibody-positive during the acute stage, but only 30% of them remained positive during the remission stage (P < 0.001). A generalised immune dysregulation occurs in MS patients, mostly during the acute stages and in the progressive courses, involving activation of both autoreactive Th1-cells (mainly linked to CNS lesions) and B-cells via Th2 cells.
New roles for mitochondria in cell death in the reperfused myocardium (2011)

Mitochondria play an important role in regulating the life and death of cells. They provide the cell with energy via oxidative phosphorylation but can quickly turn into death-promoting organelles in response to stress by disrupting adenosine triphosphate synthesis, releasing pro-death proteins, and producing reactive oxygen species. Due to their high-energy requirement, cardiac myocytes are abundant in mitochondria and as a result, particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial defects. Myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Therefore, future therapies will focus on preserving mitochondrial integrity and function in hopes of minimizing the impact of ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. It is well established that myocardial I/R activates both necrosis and apoptosis, and that blocking either process reduces the levels of injury. However, recent studies have demonstrated that alterations in mitochondrial dynamics or clearance of mitochondria via autophagy also can contribute to cell death in the myocardium. In this review, we will discuss these new developments and their impact on the role of cardiac mitochondria in cell death following reperfusion in the heart.
Flow rate boundary conditions and multiscale modelling of the cardiovascular system in compliant domains (2005)

The prescription of boundary conditions is a critical issue in 3D blood flow simulations. To account for the whole cardiovascular system, we can impose data measurements or couple the 3D model with reduced ones (see In either cases only average (mean pressure or flow rate) data are normally available, which must be properly fed to the Navier-Stokes solver. In this paper we propose an algorithm to impose mean flow rate boundary conditions in a problem posed on a compliant domain. It is an extension of the approach advocated in Furthermore we consider the coupling between a 3D fluid-structure interaction model and a lumped parameters (0D) one, representing the systemic tree. We extend the two coupling techniques in In the first approach the reduced model provides the mean pressure to be imposed as defective boundary condition to the 3D model, which conversely will make ready the flow rate to the reduced model. In the second strategy the type of data to be exchanged is reversed.
CD4 percentage is an independent predictor of survival in patients starting antiretroviral therapy with absolute CD4 cell counts between 200 and 350 cells/μL (2006)

CD4 percentages below 15% are independent predictors of mortality in AIDS-free patients starting HAART, including those with CD4 counts between 200 and 350 cells/microL. CD4 percentage should be considered for inclusion in guidelines used to determine when to start therapy.
Wireless LAN Security: Things You Should Know about WLAN Security (2003)

Given the well-publicised security holes in baseline wireless LAN (WLAN) standards, just how should security-conscious network managers proceed with safeguarding their wireless environments?
[The use of computers in the Urgent Medical Aid Unit--preparation and planning]. (1990)

The use of computers in prehospital emergency medicine gives rise to great prospects of achieving high efficacy of the urgent medical aid unit and of directing the group of doctors effectively. Extensive programmes for aiding decisions which are immediately available and can be used in daily practice enable an increase in the quality of emergency treatment. All measures which are necessary for the service in the urgent medical aid unit and the Red Cross of the GDR can be quickly monitored by computers. An easy-to-use programme was worked out.
Austere C <sup>3</sup> graphics (1981)

The MITRE Corporation, a not for profit Federal Contract Research Center (FCRC), has been involved in Command, Control and Communications (C 3 ) Systems Engineering for the past twenty years. MITRE's program in support of the Defense Communications Agency (DCA)/Command and Control Technical Center (CCTC) involves planning and systems engineering for the Worldwide Military Command and Control System (WWMCCS). Included as components of the WWMCCS are survivable command centers such as the National Emergency Airborne Command Post (NEACP). MITRE has been involved in the system engineering functions of the NEACP Automatic Data Processing (ADP) system and other austere command posts. A portion of MITRE's overall system engineering activities included the design of an austere graphics capability for the NEACP ADP system. This paper explains the constraints, problems, needs and solutions to this engineering project. The goal of this paper focuses on selecting a suite of graphics capabilities that can be implemented in an austere computer environment and which can support generic C 3 ADP graphics requirements. This paper also focuses on highlighting graphics capabilities that satisfy C 3 display needs but are realizable in an austere computer system.
Complex permittivity of composite systems: a comprehensive interphase approach (2005)

The present paper reports the development of a unique model to provide physical insights to the complex permittivity of composite systems. The model takes into account interactions between the components of the composite system in the form of interphase regions. The resultant model, termed the interphase power-law (IPL) model, relies on the permittivities of the filler component, the matrix component and the interphase region as well as the volume fractions of each. The model is applicable to any uniform composite system of discrete particles dispersed within a matrix. Trends in the composite material's effective permittivity as a function of filler volume fraction, interphase permittivity, filler surface area and filler particle shapes are explored.