gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Polymer Optoelectronic Properties on the Performance of Multilayer Hybrid Polymer/TiO<sub>2</sub> Solar Cells (2005)

Abstract We report a study of the effects of polymer optoelectronic properties on the performance of photovoltaic devices consisting of nanocrystalline TiO 2 and a conjugated polymer. Three different poly(2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethylhexoxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene) (MEH‐PPV)‐based polymers and a fluorene–bithiophene copolymer are compared. We use photoluminescence quenching, time‐of‐flight mobility measurements, and optical spectroscopy to characterize the exciton‐transport, charge‐transport, and light‐harvesting properties, respectively, of the polymers, and correlate these material properties with photovoltaic‐device performance. We find that photocurrent is primarily limited by the photogeneration rate and by the quality of the interfaces, rather than by hole transport in the polymer. We have also studied the photovoltaic performance of these TiO 2 /polymer devices as a function of the fabrication route and device design. Including a dip‐coating step before spin‐coating the polymer leads to excellent polymer penetration into highly structured TiO 2 networks, as was confirmed through transient optical measurements of the photoinduced charge‐transfer yield and recombination kinetics. Device performance is further improved for all material combinations studied, by introducing a layer of poly(ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSS) under the top contact. Optimized devices incorporating the additional dip‐coated and PEDOT:PSS layers produced a short‐circuit current density of about 1 mA cm –2 , a fill factor of 0.50, and an open‐circuit voltage of 0.86 V under simulated AM 1.5 illumination (100 mW cm –2 , 1 sun). The corresponding power conversion efficiency under 1 sun was ≥ 0.4 %.
The Enzymic Synthesis of Ethanolamine Plasmalogens (1971)

Abstract Enzymic synthesis of ethanolamine plasmalogens from 1-14C-hexadecanol in cell-free systems from Ehrlich ascites and preputial gland tumors of mice is documented. Identification of the ethanolamine plasmalogens is based on the preparation and chromatographic behavior of a number of chemical derivatives that take into account all three positions on the glycerol moiety. 14C-Derivatives isolated from intact ethanolamine plasmalogens included (a) hexadecanal liberated by aqueous HCl, (b) dimethylacetals of hexadecanal formed by HCl-methanol treatment, (c) O-alk-1-enylglycerols liberated by reduction with LiAlH4 or NaAlH2(OCH2CH2·OCH3)2, (d) O-alkylglycerols obtained by hydrogenation of O-alk-1-enylglycerols, (e) isopropylidene derivatives of the hydrogenated O-alk-1-enylglycerols, (f) lysoethanolamine plasmalogens after phospholipase A treatment, and (g) dinitrobenzene derivatives of the intact ethanolamine plasmalogens. NaAlH2(OCH2CH2OCH3)2, a new reagent that we used for the reduction of ether-linked glycerolipids, gives better yields of O-alk-1-enylglycerols than LiAlH4. The system used for plasmalogen biosynthesis contained fatty alcohol, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, ATP, coenzyme A, Mg++, NADP+ or NAD+, microsomes, and the soluble fraction from tumors. Soluble fraction from rat liver can replace the soluble fraction from tumors. Data obtained with U-14C-labeled dihydroxyacetone phosphate and 9,10-3H-hexadecanol demonstrated that the 3H:14C ratios in O-alkylglycerols and O-alk-1-enylglycerols (isolated after LiAlH4 reduction) were essentially identical. 1-14C-Palmitic acid was not incorporated into the O-alk-1-enyl moiety and added unlabeled hexadecanal had little effect on plasmalogen biosynthesis. These data, along with the substrate and cofactor requirements, suggest that an O-alkyl glycerolipid was converted to an ethanolamine plasmalogen.
Oxygenation of cyclohexylbenzene catalyzed with hydrogen bromide. (1988)

シクロヘキシルベンゼン(CHB)の酸素酸化/酸分解反応を無触媒および臭化水素触媒存在下で検討した。無触媒時の自動酸化では,生成物の1-フェニルシクロヘキシルヒドロペルオキシド(PCP)の選択率は,温度あるいは酸素圧にかかわりなく,もっぱら原料転化率によって決まり,実際的な反応温度範囲の90～140℃では,CHB転化率40%でPCP選択率80%であった。クメンの自動酸化では考慮する必要のなかった,第二級炭素上からの水素の引き抜きもCHBでは無視できない。臭化水素存在下では,反応は常圧下室温以下で酸素供給律速で進みフェノールとシクロヘキサノンが主生成物であった。フェノールを産出する特異な酸素酸化であるが,ベンゼンジオールによって完全に阻害されるなどの特徴から,この反応がラジカル過程で進むことが明らかになった。臭化水素は反応開始剤およびBrラジカルの供給源となり,このBrラジカルがCHBからの水素引き抜き剤として働くため,反応は無触媒時にくらぺ圧倒的に速く進むと考えられる。CHB転化率は仕込みHBr量に依存し,-8℃ から30℃ではO2/HBr=3.2の比率で酸素が吸収された。ところがHBr濃度が一定値を超えると反応が阻害される臨界現象が現われた。トリフルオロ酢酸をHBrとともに用いることにより,臨界現象はもっぱら酸濃度に依存することが明らかになり,生成物から副生する阻害剤に起因すると推定された。HBrはCHBの酸素酸化にきわめて有効な触媒であると結論された。
Impedance for Endocrine Disruption Compounds (2017)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFirst ReactionsNEXTImpedance for Endocrine Disruption CompoundsA new biosensor can report on endocrine disrupting activity through engineered E. coli.Timothy M. SwagerView Author Information Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United StatesE-mail: [email protected]Cite this: ACS Cent. Sci. 2017, 3, 2, 99–100Publication Date (Web):January 30, 2017Publication History Published online30 January 2017Published inissue 22 February 2017https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.7b00045Copyright © 2017 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSACS AuthorChoiceArticle Views1662Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (649 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Assays,Electrical properties,Electrodes,Materials,Receptors Get e-Alerts
<title>Ridges and ravines on a surface and segmentation of range images</title> (1997)

On a smooth generic surface we define ridges to be the local positive maxima of the maximal principal curvature along its associated curvature line and ravines. We investigate relationships between the ridges and ravines, singularities of the caustic generated by the surface normals, and singularities of the distance function from the surface. Stable numerical extraction of the ridges and ravines from range data is achieved via adaptive smoothing that preserves sharp ridges and ravines. We demonstrate applicability of the ridges and ravines for range image segmentation purposes.
Mechanical properties of cellulose: chitosan blends for potential use as a coronary artery bypass graft (2012)

The development of intimal hyperplasia is the major cause of failure of both autologous saphenous vein and synthetic coronary artery bypass grafts. This is partially due to graft-host vessel compliance mismatch. Cellulose and chitosan (CELL:CHIT) are both biocompatible, nontoxic, and naturally occurring biopolymers that have been used extensively for biomedical applications. Elastic properties of membranes made of CELL:CHIT blends with different ratios between each polymer were determined using uniaxial tests and the ratio that yielded the less stiff membrane was chosen to prepare a small diameter hollow tube. The presence of chitosan had a favorable impact on the elasticity of the membranes, where the CELL:CHIT 5:5 ratio showed the lowest Young's modulus. Small diameter tubular constructs were fabricated using this optimal CELL:CHIT ratio and the compliance was determined on samples with different wall thickness and internal diameter. The compliance of the hollow tube with inner diameter of 4 mm and wall thickness of 1.2 mm was found to be 5.91%/mmHg×10(-2), which is higher than those of Dacron, expanded polytetrafluorethylene, and saphenous vein, but very close to that of human coronary artery. Burst strength tests revealed that the tubes can withstand at least 300 mmHg. Finally, the tubes showed satisfactory cell attachment property when myofibroblast cells adhered and proliferated on the lumen of the samples.
Long-Term Home Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation Increases Systemic Inflammatory Response in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Prospective Observational Study (2014)

These findings challenge prior paradigms based on the assumption that pulmonary inflammation is per se detrimental. NIV beneficial impact on lung mechanics may overcome the potential unfavorable effects of an increased inflammatory state.
A LOW-COST GPR GAS PIPE & LEAK DETECTOR (2005)

A light-weight, easy to use ground penetrating radar (GPR) system for tracking metal/non-metal pipes has been developed. A pre-production prototype instrument has been developed whose production cost and ease of use should fit important market niches. It is a portable tool which is swept back and forth like a metal detector and which indicates when it goes over a target (metal, plastic, concrete, etc.) and how deep it is. The innovation of real time target detection frees the user from having to interpret geophysical data and instead presents targets as dots on the screen. Target depth is also interpreted automatically, relieving the user of having to do migration analysis. In this way the user can simply walk around looking for targets and, by ''connecting the dots'' on the GPS screen, locate and follow pipes in real time. This is the first tool known to locate metal and non-metal pipes in real time and map their location. This prototype design is similar to a metal detector one might use at the beach since it involves sliding a lightweight antenna back and forth over the ground surface. The antenna is affixed to the end of an extension that is either clipped to or held by the user. This allows him to walk around in any direction, either looking for or following pipes with the antenna location being constantly recorded by the positioning system. Once a target appears on the screen, the user can locate by swinging the unit to align the cursor over the dot. Leak detection was also a central part of this project, and although much effort was invested into its development, conclusive results are not available at the time of the writing of this document. Details of the efforts that were made as a part of this cooperative agreement are presented.
<title>Comparison of automatic atherosclerosis identification methods on MR imagery</title> (1990)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides excellent soft tissue contrast enabling the non-invasive visualization of soft lissue diseases. The quantification of tissues distinguishable in MR images significantly increases the diagnostic information available to physicians. New 3-D display workstations are available that can also make use of the tissue characteristics to generate clinically useful views of a patient. While simple tissue selection methods work with computed tomography (CT) images these same methods usually do not work with MR images. Several feasibility studies of tissue classification methods have been performed on MR images but few comparative studies of these methods have been published and little work is available on the best statistical model of tissues in MIRI. We have developed a novel method for the identification and quantification of soft tissues from MRI atherosclerosis in particular. This project is part of our work on the development of tissue characterization and identification tools to facilitate soft tissue disease diagnosis and evaluation utilizing MR imagery. Several supervised pattern recognition methods were investigated for tissue identification in MR images such as a Fisher linear discriminant and a minimum distance to the means classifier. For tissue in vivo adequate histology can be difficult to collect. We used cluster analysis methods to generate the necessary training information. ISODATA was modified to use hierarchical stopping rules to determine the true number of tissues in the images. This new method was
Development of Allosteric BRAF Peptide Inhibitors Targeting the Dimer Interface of BRAF (2019)

BRAF is the most frequently mutated kinase in human cancers and is one of the major effectors of oncogenic RAS, making BRAF a target of considerable interest for anticancer drug development. Wild-type BRAF and a variety of oncogenic BRAF mutants are dependent on dimerization of the kinase domain, which also emerges as a culprit of drug resistance and side effects of current BRAF therapies. Thus, allosteric BRAF inhibitors capable of disrupting BRAF dimers could abrogate hyperactivated MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling driven by oncogenic BRAF or RAS and overcome the major limitations of current BRAF inhibitors. To establish this, we applied an <i>in silico</i> approach to design a series of peptide inhibitors targeting the dimer interface of BRAF. One resulting inhibitor was found to potently inhibit the kinase activity of BRAF homo- and heterodimers, including oncogenic BRAF<sup>G469A</sup> mutant. Moreover, this inhibitor synergizes with FDA-approved, ATP-competitive BRAF inhibitors against dimeric BRAF, suggesting that allosteric BRAF inhibitors have great potential to extend the application of current BRAF therapies. Additionally, targeting the dimer interface of BRAF kinase leads to protein degradation of both RAF and MEK, uncovering a novel scaffolding function of RAF in protecting large MAPK complexes from protein degradation. In conclusion, we have developed a potent lead peptide inhibitor for targeting the dimer interface of BRAF in cancer cells. The dual function of this peptide inhibitor validates the strategy for developing allosteric BRAF inhibitors that specifically dissociate RAF dimers and destabilize the MAPK signaling complex.
Crystal growth of calcium carbonate. A controlled composition kinetic study (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal growth of calcium carbonate. A controlled composition kinetic studyT. F. Kazmierczak, M. B. Tomson, and G. H. NancollasCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1982, 86, 1, 103–107Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100390a020https://doi.org/10.1021/j100390a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2259Altmetric-Citations196LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Taking the ANU big dish to commercialization (2006)

The ANU 400m 2 “Big Dish” is familiar to most people in the Renewable Energy Community. The first prototype was completed in 1994 and research and development aimed at supporting and improving the technology has continued within the ANU Solar Thermal Group since then. In 2005, Wizard Power Pty Ltd was established by a Canberra investor in order to take the Big Dish technology to commercial deployment. Wizard Power has a world wide exclusive licence to the Big Dish design and associated patents, the ammonia based thermochemical energy storage system and new advanced mirror panel technology. In recent times, large scale solar thermal electric power generation technology based on concentrator systems has received increasing attention. New projects have commenced construction in Australia, Europe and the USA. This paper discusses the prospects for growth of concentrating solar thermal electric technology in general and explores the cost and performance benefits offered by dish systems and the cost optimization that favours sizes of 400m 2 and bigger.
Identification and genetic characterization of a safflower mutant with a modified tocopherol profile (2005)

Abstract Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds have a tocopherol fraction dominated by α ‐tocopherol, which accounts for more than 95% of the tocopherols. α ‐Tocopherol exerts a high vitamin E activity, but a low in vitro antioxidant action. For non‐food applications, replacement of high α ‐tocopherol by γ ‐tocopherol is preferred. Because of the limited variability found in germplasm of cultivated safflower, the objective of the present research was to search for variability for tocopherol profile in germplasm of wild safflower species. Bulk seed samples of 77 accessions from six species were analysed for total tocopherol content and profile. One accession of C. oxyacanthus showed increased γ ‐tocopherol content (36%). Single‐seed analysis showed the existence of a bimodal distribution, which included high α ‐tocopherol (>90%) and high γ ‐tocopherol (HGT) seeds (>85%). Plants from the HGT seeds bred true for the trait and showed introgression of cultivated safflower, which allowed a rapid selection for cultivated safflower traits. Genetic analysis revealed that the HGT trait was controlled by partially recessive alleles at a single locus Tph1, which will facilitate the transference of the novel trait to diverse safflower germplasms.
Dirac cones at<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>k</mml:mi><mml:mo></mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>in phononic crystals (2011)

We show that two-dimensional phononic crystals exhibit Dirac cone dispersion at $\stackrel{P\vec}{k}=0$ by exploiting dipole and quadrupole accidental degeneracy. While the equifrequency surface of Dirac cone modes is almost isotropic, such systems exhibit super-anisotropy, meaning that only transverse waves are allowed along certain directions, while only longitudinal waves are allowed along some other directions. Only one mode, not two, is allowed near the Dirac point, and only two effective parameters, not four, are needed to describe the dispersion. Effective medium theory finds that the phononic crystals have effectively zero mass density and zero $1/{C}_{44}^{\mathrm{eff}}$ at the Dirac point. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the unusual elastic wave properties near the Dirac point frequency.
Compiler Optimizations for Transaction Processing Workloads on Itanium® Linux Systems (2005)

This paper discusses a repertoire of well-known and new compiler optimizations that help produce excellent server application performance and investigates their performance contributions. These optimizations combined produce a 40% speed-up in on-line transaction processing (OLTP) performance and have been implemented in the Intel C/C++ Itanium compiler. In particular, the paper presents compiler optimizations that take advantage of the Itanium register stack, proposes an enhanced Linux preemption model and demonstrates their performance potential for server applications.
Deacylation of 3-Acetyl-4-oxo-6,7-dihydro-12H-indolo[2,3-a]quinolizine (1985)

An unexpected deacylatlon of 3-acetyl-4-0x0-6.7-d~hydro-12Hin d o l o ~2 , 3 -3 A u l n o l i z i n e (1) on attempted ketallzation with ethylene glycol or ethanedithiol and a-toluenesulphonic acid in refluxing benzene to 4-0x0-6.7-dihydro-12iilndoloj2. 3-3 Jquinolizine ( 2 ) has been observed.1We recently reported a one-pot synthesis of compound 1.To utilize it for the -preparation of 3-acetyl-1.4.6.7.12.12b-hexahydrolndoloi 2.3-3 Jquinolizine
Performance of dental implants after staged sinus floor elevation procedures: 5‐year results of a prospective study in partially edentulous patients (2008)

Abstract Objectives: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the 5‐year performance and success rate of titanium screw‐type implants with the titanium plasma spray (TPS) or the sand‐blasted, large grit, acid‐etched (SLA) surface inserted in a two‐stage sinus floor elevation (SFE) procedure in the posterior maxilla. Material and methods: A total of 59 delayed SFEs were performed in 56 patients between January 1997 and December 2001, using a composite graft with autogenous bone chips combined with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) or synthetic porous β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP). After a healing period averaging 7.75 months, 111 dental implants were inserted. After an additional 8–14‐week healing period, all implants were functionally loaded with cemented crowns or fixed partial dentures. The patients were recalled at 12 and 60 months for clinical and radiographic examination. Results: One patient developed an acute infection in the right maxillary sinus after SFE and did not undergo implant therapy. Two of the 111 inserted implants had to be removed because of a developing atypical facial pain, and 11 implants were lost to follow‐up and were considered drop‐outs. The remaining 98 implants showed favorable clinical and radiographic findings at the 5‐year examination. The peri‐implant soft tissues were stable over time; the mean probing depths and mean attachment levels did not change during the follow‐up period. The measurement of the bone crest levels (DIB values) indicated stability as well. Based on strict success criteria, all 98 implants were considered successfully integrated, resulting in a 5‐year success rate of 98% (for TPS implants 89%, for SLA implants 100%). Conclusion: This prospective study assessing the performance of dental implants inserted after SFE demonstrated that titanium implants can achieve and maintain successful tissue integration with high predictability for at least 5 years of follow‐up in carefully selected patients.
‘Molecular sandwiches’ as a basis for structural and functional similarities of interferons, MSH, ACTH, LHRH, myelin basic protein, and albumins (1984)

Sequential similarities between the tryptophan peptide of myelin basic protein (residues 111-121), luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, melanotropin, adrenocorticotropin (residues 1-13), human leukocyte interferon (residues 28-40), and various segments of human and bovine serum albumin and hen ovalbumin are presented. It is suggested that these structural similarities may explain observations concerning common functional characteristics such as serotonin modulation, immunological activity with the adjuvant muramyl dipeptide, immunological cross-reactivity, and the possible MSH-ACTH-like activity of a pepsin-derived peptide of interferon.