gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of non-toxic deletion mutants of protective antigen from<i>Bacillus anthracis</i> (2005)

Current human anthrax vaccines available in the United States and Europe consist of alum-precipitated supernatant material from cultures of a toxigenic, nonencapsulated strain of Bacillus anthracis. The major component of human anthrax vaccine that confers protection is protective antigen (PA). A second-generation human vaccine using the recombinant PA (rPA) is being developed. In this study, to prevent the toxicity and the degradation of the native rPA by proteases, we constructed two PA variants, delPA (163-168) and delPA (313-314), that lack trypsin (S(163)-R(164)-K(165)-K(166)-R(167)-S(168)) or chymotrypsin cleavage sequence (F(313)-F(314)), respectively. These proteins were expressed in Bacillus brevis 47-5Q. The delPAs were fractionated from the culture supernatant of B. brevis by ammonium sulfate at 70% saturation, followed by anion exchange chromatography on a Hitrap Q, Hiload 16/60 superdex 200 gel filtration column and phenyl sepharose hydrophobic interaction column. In accordance with previous reports, both delPA proteins combined with lethal factor protein did not show any cytotoxicity on J774A.1 cells. The delPA (163-168) and delPA (313-314) formulated either in Rehydragel HPA or MPL-TDM-CWS (Ribi-Trimix), elicited a comparable amount of anti-PA and neutralizing antibodies to those of native rPA in guinea pigs, and confers full protection of guinea pigs from 50xLD50 of fully virulent B. anthracis spore challenges. Ribi-Trimix was significantly more effective in inducing anti-PA and neutralizing antibodies than Rehydragel HPA. These results indicate the possibility of delPA (163-168) and delPA (313-314) proteins being developed into nontoxic, effective and stable recombinant vaccine candidates.
Scoliosis Induced by Anterior and Posterior Rhizotomy (1989)

This paper presents the result and statistical analysis of an experiment in which selective anterior or posterior rhizotomy was carried out under microscopic surgery. The animals used for the experiment were 48 young rabbits, and they were divided into four groups. Group 1, which was used as control, was subjected to lower dorsal bilateral laminectomies with dural incision; Group II to laminectomies with three right posterior rhizotomies; Group III to laminectomies with three right anterior rhizotomies, and Group IV to laminectomies with three right anterior and posterior rhizotomies. Scoliosis was induced in Groups II, III, and IV. There was no significant statistical difference in the degree of curvatures among these three groups. The convexity of the curvature faced to the side of the divided roots. In Groups III and IV, scoliotic curvatures were obvious within 2 weeks, but there were no considerable changes thereafter. In Group II, the curves progressed slowly up to the 12th week. They were statistically significant at the fourth week and increased continuously thereafter. The histologic findings in Groups III and IV showed denervation atrophy of the paravertebral muscles at the apex of the curvature, but there was little or no muscle atrophy in Groups I and II. The experimental results indicate that scoliosis may be induced not only by anterior root paralysis but also by selective posterior root paralysis.
The Obese Without Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering and the Normal Weight With Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering (2008)

Among US adults, there is a high prevalence of clustering of cardiometabolic abnormalities among normal-weight individuals and a high prevalence of overweight and obese individuals who are metabolically healthy. Further study into the physiologic mechanisms underlying these different phenotypes and their impact on health is needed.
That obscure object of desire: multimedia metadata on the Web, Part-1 (2004)

The semantic Web and the multimedia content description interface (MPEG-7) are the two most widely known approaches toward machine-processable and semantic-based content description. The concepts and technologies behind the approaches are essential for the next step in multimedia development - that is, providing multimedia metadata on the Web. Unfortunately, as this article discusses, many practical obstacles block their widespread use.
Water-insoluble pentosans of wheat: composition and some physical properties. (1990)

Cereal Chem. 67(5):434-439 Water-insoluble pentosans (WIP) were isolated from flours of seven stituent is not uniformly distributed in wheat endosperm. Solubility of Canadian wheat varieties belonging to several classes, and their chemical WIP in NaOH solutions increased with increasing alkali concentration; composition and physical properties were determined. Xylose and arabiapproximately 80% of WIP were solubilized in 1.0M NaOH. Oxidative nose, determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, were the gelation studies of WIP (H202/peroxidase) using small deformation oscilmost abundant monosaccharides; small amounts of glucose were also latory rheological testing revealed that WIP are amenable to further crosspresent. The degree of branching (arabinose/ xylose ratio) ranged between linking via free feruloyl residues in the polymeric matrix. The farino0.96 and 0.58, whereas the ferulic acid content of various WIP preparations graph water absorption of WIP-supplemented doughs depended strongly was 1.10-0.86 jig/ mg of pentosans. Comparison of the ferulic acid content on the chemical and baking characteristics of the base flour. between flours and the respective WIP indicated that this phenolic con-
A hybrid location methodology (2005)

The aim of the hybrid location method is to improve seismic event locations by reducing the effects of errors in the wave velocity of ray paths between each event and each recording site. We report on further enhancements made to the hybrid location algorithm, which is based on the double-difference method developed by
Spottiswoode and Milev1 and Waldhauser and Ellsworth2. The term ‘double-difference’ refers to the residuals between the observed and theoretical travel-time differences and are obtained using either picked arrival times or various measures of time differences obtained from waveform pairs. These residuals are minimized for pairs of earthquakes at each station while linking together all observed event-station pairs. An important enhancement is that the double-difference term uses the median arrival time residuals to reduce the effect of outliers on the system of equations. In addition, the hybrid locations are further constrained by considering events of known locations, in this case along lines of development blasts.
We relocated some 20 000 previously located seismic events in the Driefontein 5E area; 5 800 of these events were considered to have been development blasts and we constrained their locations to lie on the straight lines joining about 2 150 survey pegs from the mine’s database. Relocated events were shown to distribute more closely around advancing faces than had been the case before relocation. Wave velocities from the development blasts show evidence of anisotropy.
THE MODELLING OF REALISTIC AUTOMATIC VEHICLE LOCATIONING SYSTEMS FOR SERVICE AND TRAFFIC CONTROL (1995)

This paper focuses on research that looks at the modelling of a more accurate representation of Global Positioning System (GPS)-based Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL). It presents results from a simulation method and discusses the benefits for service and traffic control to be gained as a result of collect more realistic data.
Advances in the SERI/DOE program on CdS/Cu/sub 2/S and CdS/Cu-ternary photovolaic cells (1981)

The most significant achievement under the SERI CdS/Cu/sub 2/S and Cu-Ternary program is the development of two new high efficiency thin film cells, a frontwall Cu/sub 2/S/(Cd,Zn)S cell by the Institute of Energy Conversion, University of Delaware, and a backwall CdS/CuInSe/sub 2/ cell by the Boeing Aerospace Company. The reported AMl efficiencies for these two devices are 10.2% and 9.5%, respectively. A 5.7% Cu/sub 2/S/CdS cell with Cu/sub 2/S sputter deposited by the Telic Corporation was also fabricated within the last year. A program to study the problem of instability in the Cu/sub 2/S/CdS cell has been initiated at Battelle-Columbus Laboratories.
Application of a Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Single-Sided Migration Cell for Measuring Migration through Microwave Susceptor Films (1991)

Conducting migration studies on microwave susceptor packaging presents a challenge because of the high temperatures attained during microwave cooking. Neither conventional metal migration cells nor typical food-simulating solvents can be used. This paper describes the use of a polytetrafluoroethylene single-sided migration cell for monitoring the movement of migrants through polymeric films during microwave heating. Data are presented on the permeation of plasticizers through polyethylene terephthalate, polyether imide, polyethylene naphthalate, and polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate susceptor films.
A management concept for automatic switched transport networks (ASTNs) (2004)

Automatic switched transport networks provide innovative functionality such as configuration of connections via signaling and routing functionality implemented in a control plane. This paper describes a management concept that has been tailored to the specific needs of this novel network technology which brings together transport network and IP-based paradigms. The concept proposed comprises a network and a network element level information model where the latter is subdivided into two representations of this model. The first representation communicates with the agent implementation and uses the concepts and terminology derived from IP/MPLS. The second representation communicates with the network level management system and talks the language of M.3100 that is the guiding principle for transport networks. This approach allows to combine the best of both paradigms and reuse existing specifications thus fostering the interoperability of future management systems for ASTN.
Mechanisms of Augmented Resistance of Cyclosporin A‐Treated Mice to Influenza Virus Infection by Trehalose‐6, 6′‐Dimycolate (1992)

Cyclosporin A (CsA), which is an immunosuppressive drug of helper T lymphocytes, diminished a resistance of mice to influenza virus infection. Mice inoculated intravenously with trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (TDM, a glycolipid component of the cell wall of Mycobacterium) in an oil-in-water emulsion (TDM emulsion) recovered the resistance to influenza virus infection impaired by CsA. Number of antibody-producing cells was markedly reduced in CsA- and/or TDM-treated mice. Interferon production in lung of TDM-treated mice was augmented; however, it was extremely reduced not only in CsA-treated mice, but also in CsA- and TDM-treated mice. Activities of natural killer cells of CsA- and/or TDM-treated mice were not different from that of control mice. Numbers of lymphocytes in lung of TDM-treated mice and CsA- and TDM-treated mice were more predominantly increased than that of control mice. Analysis of lung lymphocytes by flow cytometry revealed no difference between the populations of L3T4+ T lymphocytes and Lyt-2.2+ T lymphocytes in CsA- and/or TDM-treated mice and the populations in control mice. However, the population of gamma delta T cell receptor positive (gamma delta TCR+) lymphocytes increased markedly in lung of TDM-treated mice and also CsA- and TDM-treated mice. In vitro experiments showed that macrophage cultures treated with TDM emulsion released a mediator(s) which activates T lymphocytes, but not B lymphocytes. These and our earlier results suggest that the recovered anti-influenza virus resistance of CsA-treated mice by treatment with TDM emulsion was caused by elicitation of macrophages with TDM, then activation of T lymphocytes, especially gamma delta TCR+ lymphocytes.
The protein phosphatases responsible for dephosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase in isolated rat adipocytes (1993)

The levels of the cytosolic serine/threonine protein phosphatases (PP) in rat adipocyte extracts have been determined, by using both reference substrates and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) as substrates. Adipocytes contain significant levels of both PP1 and 2A (1.6 and 2.0 m-units/ml of packed cells respectively), with lower levels of PP2C and virtually no PP2B activity. PP2A and 2C exhibit similar degrees of activity against HSL phosphorylated at site 1, together accounting for 92% of the total. In contrast, site 2 is dephosphorylated predominantly by PP2A (over 50% of total activity), whereas PP1 and PP2C contribute approx. 20% and 30% respectively to the total phosphatase activity against that site. Total phosphatase activity in the adipocyte extracts was 2-3-fold higher against site 2 than against site 1. The possible significance of these findings to the regulation of HSL activity in adipose tissue in vivo is discussed.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Reduohanxiao-tang (Yuldahanso-tang) is Related to the Inhibition of β-Glucuronidase (2003)

Beta-glucuronidase-inhibitory and hepatoprotective effects of Reduohanxiao-tang (Yuldahanso-tang), which has been used for liver diseases and stroke, on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity of rats were investigated. Reduohanxiao-tang potently inhibited beta-glucuronidases. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) levels of the CCl4 group orally treated with Reduohanxiao-tang (100 mg/kg) were lowered to 54%, 71.5% and 66.1% of the CCl4-treated control group, respectively. Among the ingredients of the Reduohanxiao-tang, the rhizomes of Pueraria thunbergiana and Scutellaria baicalensis potently inhibited beta-glucuronidases and protected against CCl4-induced liver injury. Orally administered puerarin, which is a main component of Pueraria thunbergiana, showed potent hepatoprotective activity, but did not inhibit beta-glucuronidase. However, daidzein, which is produced from puerarin by human intestinal bacteria, potently inhibited beta-glucuronidase. These results suggest that beta-glucuronidase inhibition by herbal medicines may protect against CCl4-induced liver injury.
Complete Genome Sequence of Kosakonia sacchari Strain BO-1, an Endophytic Diazotroph Isolated from a Sweet Potato (2016)

The complete genome sequence of the endophytic diazotroph Kosakonia sacchari, isolated from a sweet potato, was analyzed. The 4,902,106-bp genome with 53.7% G+C content comprises 4,638 open reading frames, including nif genes, 84 tRNAs, and seven complete rRNAs in a circular chromosome.
Lupus nephritis with thrombosis and abnormal fibrinolysis: effect of ancrod. (1985)

Recent evidence demonstrates that coagulation plays a role in mediating glomerular damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. Because of its beneficial effect in experimental glomerulonephritis, we treated patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with ancrod, a drug known to lower fibrinogen levels and thought to activate fibrinolysis. Our patients had unusually severe renal disease; renal function was deteriorating in many. Before ancrod, vascular plasminogen activator levels were low, and levels of an inhibitor of plasminogen activation were elevated. Some patients had elevated plasmin inhibitor levels. Results were considered in two groups. In 13 patients characterized as fibrinolysis responders, the low vascular plasminogen activator and increased plasminogen activation inhibitor levels normalized. After ancrod, striking resolution of microvascular thrombosis occurred, which was associated with some improvement in renal function and blood pressure control. In five patients characterized as fibrinolysis nonresponders and who also had an elevated plasmin inhibitor (alpha 2-antiplasmin) level, normalization of fibrinolysis did not occur. There was little change in microvascular thrombosis, renal function, or blood pressure control in the fibrinolysis nonresponders. These preliminary observations demonstrate a disorder of fibrinolysis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with microvascular thrombi in the kidney. Ancrod therapy reverses this disorder rapidly in patients with a normal level of plasmin inhibitor and may lead to repair of glomerular damage.
Defective c-myc and c-myb RNA turnover in acute myeloid leukemia cells (1992)

Dysregulated expression of the c-myc and c-myb protooncogenes has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To elucidate mechanisms of c-myc dysregulation in AML cells, we studied c-myc RNA turnover in peripheral blood blasts from eight patients using actinomycin D transcription blockade. Rapid c-myc RNA turnover was seen in cells from six patients, with half-lives of approximately 30 minutes, similar to those reported in normal myeloid cells, in HL-60 cells, and in other cell lines. c-myc RNA turnover was prolonged in cells of the other two patients, with half-lives of greater than 75 minutes. c-fos RNA turnover was rapid in blasts from all eight patients, with half-lives of approximately 15 minutes. Stabilization of GM-CSF transcripts was not observed. In contrast, c-myb RNA half-lives were greater than 75 minutes in cells of the two patients with prolonged c-myc RNA turnover, as compared to 30 minutes in cells of the other six patients. Enhanced stability of both c-myc and c-myb RNA species suggests that a defect exists in a trans-acting factor that destabilizes both of these normally labile RNAs. Incomplete correlation between c-myc RNA levels and half-lives indicates regulation of c-myc expression at the level of transcription or nuclear transport in addition to posttranscriptional regulation.
Remembering James M. Cox (2012)

Remembering James M. Cox George Core James Cox was born in Independence, Virginia, in August of 1925. His ancestral home, a handsome three-story white frame house, with a stream running through the backyard and into a springhouse with a mill upstream, has stood for well over a century. It and its surrounding four hundred acres were as much a part of Jim as his love of literature, especially such American writers as Hawthorne, Emerson, Henry* Adams, Mark Twain, and Robert Frost. Independence was the perfect place for Jim Cox to have been born and raised and to have spent his youth and his old age, for nobody was more independent than Jim. And during World War ii he fought (as a submariner on the Dragonet) to help preserve this country’s independence. After the war he completed his education at the University of Michigan (ba, ma) and at the Indiana University (Ph.D.). His graduate work was punctuated by two years of teaching at Emory and Henry College. Afterward he spent most of his career teaching, with great distinction, at Dartmouth College, where he earned a Harbison Distinguished Teaching Award from the Danforth Foundation in 1968 and an Avalon Humanities Award the next year. He received fellowships from Indiana University School of Letters, the American Council of Learned Societies, and the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. I first got to know Jim by writing him about some of his essays in the Virginia Quarterly Review, then edited by Charlotte Kohler. His natural mode was the essay, and he wrote regularly for many years for the Sewanee Review (beginning with “Remarks on the Sad Initiation of Huckleberry Finn” in 1954 and ending with a tribute to Lewis Simpson in 2003) and the Southern Review, as well as the Virginia Quarterly. He published an anthology of criticism on Frost; his magnum opus, Mark Twain: The Fate of Humor (1966, recently reprinted); and a selection of pieces on autobiography, Recovering Literature’s Lost Ground. He had more than enough essays for another book on American literature but chose not to republish them. Jim was a brilliant teacher and lecturer whose greatest interests were humor and autobiography. Humor defined him as a quick-witted and engaging man whose cleverness was always in play. No one knew more about humor than Jim Cox or was more humorous. His departure from our sullen world leaves it a duller and darker place. [End Page 1] Footnotes * See his “Beneath My Father’s Name,” Sewanee Review (summer 1991). Copyright © 2012 University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee
"Detour: Brain Deconstruction Ahead" (1995)

The author discusses the construction of her virtual reality software "Detour: Brain Deconstruction Ahead" which involves medical trauma. The software simulates perceptual anomalies. She looks at VR as a medium by which whole, meaningful, perceptual experiences can be communicated. This leads to enhanced communication with others as well as deeper awareness within ourselves.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and characteristics of nitric oxide spin probes (1997)

NITRIC oxide (NO) is the important cell messenger molecule that regulates the central ner-vous, cardiovascular, endocrine and immunity systems. The study of NO not only canexplain many physiological phenomena, but also can provide new ways to prevent and treat alot of diseases. However, at present, most of the methods for assaying NO produced by or-ganism have some defects, for example, low sensitivity, no specificity, no convenience. Thus
Component Business Model for Digital Repositories: A Framework for Analysis. (2008)

Digital preservation is too big a challenge for any institution or solution supplier to confront on its own. The success of any long-term digital repository will depend upon multiple “open” services provided by a wide range of service providers. No company or organisation in the world is able to provide the preservation solution for all known formats, object types, or policies. Viable approaches are likely to span organizational, institutional and national boundaries. In 2003 the KB, National Library of the Netherlands, in cooperation with IBM, developed the e-Depot as their solution for long-term preservation of digital publications. The core of the e-Depot is IBM’s Digital Information Archiving System (DIAS). This article will discuss the exercise of the KB/IBM Research Group to apply IBM’s Component Business Modelling (CBM) in a digital preservation environment. The CBM map is used by a process called Goal Service Modelling (GSM) to identify candidate services for future versions of the e-Depot. Heat maps are used for impact analysis – to discuss organisational structures, existing hardware and software solutions and business processes in the context of the CBM map. The approach is suggested as a way for other repositories to manage and coordinate their activities, as well complimenting current repository audit and certification activities.