gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 553: Discovery of novel TRK/FMS dual inhibitors as therapeutic candidates for pancreatic cancer (2011)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is a deadly malignancy in need of effective treatments. The most common driving oncogenes in pancreatic cancer – KRAS, p53, SMAD4, CDKN2A and CTNNB1 – historically have been difficult drug targets to modulate pharmacologically. An alternative approach could be to target regulators of tumor-stroma interactions. Pancreatic cancer invasion into neural tissue precedes tumor expansion. This perineural invasion is strongly associated with neural hypertrophy, pain and poor survival, and neurotrophins and their receptors (TRKs) are key suspects in mediating this process. At the same time, infiltrating macrophages are an additional component of the tumor microenvironment that supports tumor growth, invasion and inflammation, and the receptor for CSF-1 (FMS) is a key mediator of the function and survival of these macrophages. Both TRKs and FMS are transmembrane proteins with tyrosine kinase activities that can be inhibited with small molecule agents. We have developed a series of TRK/FMS dual inhibitors to target cancers that exhibit both neural and inflammatory components. These compounds inhibit biochemical TRK and FMS kinases with IC50&lt;20nM and inhibit the proliferation of BaF3 cells engineered to express active TRK and FMS with IC50&lt;50nM. In counterscreens across a broad kinase panel, these inhibitors are highly selective against non-target kinases. The lead compounds show good oral bioavailability in pharmacokinetic tests. Utilizing the engineered BaF3-TRK and BaF3-FMS cells injected into mice as pharmacology models, the lead candidates show growth inhibition of &gt;80% at doses of 20 mg/kg qd, and without body weight changes, showing that efficacy is not due to nonspecific toxicity. In a mouse Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) model, robust efficacy was demonstrated in readouts of paw edema, thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, showing that these compounds reduce swelling and pain. In the TRK-driven SK-N-SH xenograft model, tumor growth reduction of &gt;50% was observed. These compounds also showed anti-tumor efficacy of &gt;40% in an orthotopic Panc-1 (pancreatic cancer) model. Evaluation of compound effects on perineural invasion and inflammation is ongoing. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 553. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-553
Growth Hormone Deficiency in Patients With a 22q11.2 Deletion: Expanding the Phenotype (1998)

The list of findings associated with the 22q11.2 deletion is quite long and varies from patient to patient. The hallmark features include: conoruncal cardiac anomalies, palatal defects, thymic aplasia or hypoplasia, T cell abnormalities, mild facial dysmorphia, and learning disabilities. The 22q11.2 deletion has been seen in association with the DiGeorge sequence, velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS), conotruncal anomaly face syndrome, isolated conotruncal cardiac anomalies, and some cases of autosomal dominant Optiz G/BBB syndrome. Short stature has been seen in one to two thirds of children reported in the literature with a diagnosis of VCFS, but growth hormone deficiency (GHD) has not been described in conjunction with this diagnosis. We present 4 patients with a 22q11.2 deletion and short stature who were found to have abnormalities in the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor I axis. All had growth factors less than -2 SD for age and failed provocative growth hormone testing. Two patients were found to have abnormal pituitary anatomy. In our population, the incidence of GHD in 4 or 95 children with 22q11 deletion is significantly greater than the estimated incidence of GHD in the general population. Children with a 22q11.2 deletion appear to be at a greater risk for pituitary abnormalities. Therefore, those children with the 22q11.2 deletion and short stature or poor growth should be evaluated for GHD, as replacement growth hormone therapy may improve their growth velocity and final height prediction.
Balancing On-Chip Network Latency in Multi-application Mapping for Chip-Multiprocessors (2014)

As the number of cores continues to grow in chip multiprocessors (CMPs), application-to-core mapping algorithms that leverage the non-uniform on-chip resource access time have been receiving increasing attention. However, existing mapping methods for reducing overall packet latency cannot meet the requirement of balanced on-chip latency when multiple applications are present. In this paper, we address the looming issue of balancing minimized on-chip packet latency with performance-awareness in the multi-application mapping of CMPs. Specifically, the proposed mapping problem is formulated, its NP-completeness is proven, and an efficient heuristic-based algorithm for solving the problem is presented. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is able to reduce the maximum average packet latency by 10.42% and the standard deviation of packet latency by 99.65% among concurrently running applications and, at the same time, incur little degradation in the overall performance.
Static and Dynamic Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Ti2AlC MAX Phase and Fiber Reinforced Ti2AlC Composites (2014)

Ti2AlC MAX phase samples were processed by using Spark Plasma Sintering from commercially available Ti2AlC powder. Static and dynamic loading was performed by Universal Testing Machine and Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) respectively. The SHPB apparatus was modified to investigate the dynamic fracture initiation toughness. High speed photography was used to determine the fracture initiation time and the associated failure load. To widen applications, 20 vol% fiber of NextelTM-610 and NextelTM-720 have been added for the reinforcement of Ti2AlC, respectively. The results reveal that the peak compressive failure stress in dynamic conditions decreases with increasing temperatures, from 1,645 MPa at 25 °C to 1,210 MPa at 1,200 °C. The fracture experiments show that the dynamic fracture toughness is higher than the quasi-static value by approximately 35 %. The fracture toughness decreases with increase in temperature. The post mortem analysis of the fracture surfaces conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed that kinking along with intergranular cracking and delamination play important role in deformation of Ti2AlC. Compared to pure Ti2AlC, compressive fracture strength of 20 vol% Ti2AlC/720f and Ti2AlC/610f composites were enhanced by 39.7 and 32.6 % under static loading.
Analysis of Series Resistance of Industrial Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells by Numerical Simulation and Analytical Modelling (2013)

In this paper, advanced comprehensive models, combining semiconductor device and SPICE circuit models, are built to simulate the entire solar cell with particular attention paid to the lumped total series resistance Rs. To break down the components of Rs into contributions from the various device regions, analytical models are used to calculate each part local part of Rs . The detailed algorithm of the analytical model is presented. Dedicated experiments with 156x156 mm2 Selective Emitter (SE) solar cells with different finger spacing, and Interdigitated- Back-Contact (IBC) solar cells with varied pitch, are performed to verify these models. A high level of consistency is found between the simulated, analytically calculated and measured results for SE cells, but deviations between analytically calculated and measured Rs for IBC cells are observed due to the simplified one-dimensional model and the relatively high contact resistivity.
[Pseudo-obstruction of the stomach and small intestines]. (1991)

The authors review the pathological classification of chronic pseudo-obstruction syndromes, the differential diagnosis of these syndromes in order to rule out an obstructive lesion, the differential diagnosis of idiopathic chronic pseudo-obstruction syndrome and systemic sclerosis, the diagnostic contribution of oesophageal manometry and of gastro-intestinal manometry and electromyography, and finally the treatment of these syndromes. The authors mention also their experience in the treatment of severe diabetic gastroparesis with erythromycin, agonist of the gastric and duodenal motilin receptors. In 10 patients compared to controls, delayed gastric emptying for solid and liquid foods was normalized after intravenous injection of 200 mg erythromycin versus placebo.
Nanoarchitecture Multi‐Structural Cathode Materials for High Capacity Lithium Batteries (2012)

Abstract Lithium‐rich composite cathodes have been extensively investigated for lithium‐ion batteries. Nanoarchitecture hydroxide precursor for these cathodes with two levels of particle agglomeration (1–2 μm and 10 μm) is produced using a co‐precipitation method. Transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction confirm that the precursor is a composite comprising transition metal hydroxides and Mn 3 O 4 . Cathode materials synthesized based on the precursor are “layered ( R $ \bar 3 $ m)‐layered ( C 2/m)‐spinel ( F d $ \bar 3 $ m)” composite phase. The electrochemical performance of lithium cells utilizing this material as the cathode is determined to be excellent. Both the layered‐layered‐spinel composite structure and the nanoarchitecture morphology contribute to the electrochemical performance advantage of this material over other cathode materials.
Ambiphilic phosphine /borane derivatives : synthesis and coordination properties (2007)

International audience
Heat Transfer in a Narrow Channel Roughened by 45° Ribs With Twin-Blow Entrances (2004)

This experimental study investigates the heat transfer in a narrow, rib-roughened, rectangular channel with the width-to-height ratio of 10 for its cross-sectional shape. Two flow entrances with equal areas are respectively opened at the upper and side ends of this channel that allows for increasing the coolant-flow fed into the enhanced channel without increasing the height of cooling device. At a fixed total coolant mass flow rate, three test scenarios, namely the single-blow from the side or upper entrance and the twin-blow with the coolant mass flow ratio of 2:1 between the side and upper blows are performed. A selection of detailed heat transfer measurements, evaluated from infrared thermal images over the rib-roughened surface, illustrates the manner by which the flow entry direction and the twin-blow condition affect the local and spatially averaged heat transfers. Relative to the heat transfer results acquired from the single-blow tests, the present twin-blow entry condition could augment the spatially averaged heat transfers to the levels of 150–180% of the single-blow reference levels. A regression-type analysis is subsequently performed to develop the correlation of spatially-averaged Nusselt numbers over rib-roughened surface, which permits the effect of Reynolds number, evaluated from the total amount of coolant consumption, on heat transfer to be determined for three test scenarios.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION AT SILICON: INFLUENCE OF THE ATTACKING ALLYLLITHIUM AND ARYLOXIDE ANION ON THE STEREOCHEMISTRY AND A SIMPLE MECHANISTIC PROPOSAL (1982)

Abstract Die Stereochemie der nucleophilen Substitution der chiralen Silane (I) ‐ .(VI) mit Allyllithium (VII) (auch in Gegenwart von Krypto?x 21 1 (4,7,l 3,18‐Tetraoxa‐1 ,I0‐ diaza‐bicyclo[8,5,5]eicosan)) und mit den Phenolaten (VIII) wird untersucht und der Mechanismus nach der Grenzorbital‐Methode diskutiert.
Complete Deracemization by Attrition‐Enhanced Ostwald Ripening Elucidated (2008)

Geschüttelt und gerührt: Die Entstehung einer einheitlichen Chiralität im Festzustand beim Vermahlen einer Aufschlämmung wurde am Beispiel eines Phenylglycinamids kinetisch untersucht (siehe Schema). Die Ergebnisse geben Einblick in den zugrundeliegenden Prozess der abriebverstärkten Ostwald-Reifung, woraus optimale Reaktionsbedingungen zur Beschleunigung der Deracemisierung abgeleitet wurden. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Spontaneous intrahepatic portosystemic shunt managed by laparoscopic hepatic vein closure (2014)

Intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (IPSS) is uncommon and usually follows trauma or iatrogenic injury, but spontaneous shunts may also occur, in patients without the evidence of chronic liver disease. Although interventional endovascular management of the shunts is the treatment of choice, a surgical approach can be used when the percutaneous approach fails. We report here a case of symptomatic spontaneous IPSS between the posteroinferior branch of right portal vein and the right inferior hepatic vein, which was successfully managed with laparoscopic closure of the hepatic vein. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of laparoscopic management of spontaneous IPSS.
XLID-Precocious Puberty (2011)

Abstract This chapter provides pictures and clinical details of XLID-PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY
Hydrolysis and Adsorption of Cyhalofop-Butyl and Cyhalofop-Acid on Soil Colloids (2008)

A study was undertaken to investigate the stability of cyhalofop-butyl (2 R)-2-[4-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy)phenoxy]butylpropanoate (CyB), an aryloxyphenoxy-propionic herbicide, at different pH values. The hydrolysis of CyB was faster in nonsterile than in sterile water. In sterile medium, CyB degraded only to (2 R)-2-[4-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic acid (CyA), whereas in nonsterile water, also the metabolites (2 R)-2-[4-(4-carbamoyl-2-fluorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic acid (CyAA) and (2 R)-2-[4-(4-carboxyl-2-fluorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic acid (CyD) were detected. The adsorption of CyB onto clays, iron oxide, and dissolved organic matter (DOM), using a batch equilibrium method, was also studied. A lipophilic bond is responsible for CyB adsorption on DOM. CyB was adsorbed on Fe(III)- and Ca-clays through hydrogen bonding between the carbonyl oxygen and water surrounding the exchangeable cations. In the interlayer of K-clay, CyB was hydrolyzed to CyA, which remained adsorbed therein as a monomer. The acid CyA was adsorbed only by the Fe-oxide through complexation. The CyA-Fe-oxide complex was stable and did not undergo degradation.
Electron Injection Studies of Radiation Induced Positive Charge in MOS Devices (1976)

Avalanche injection and internal photo-emission techniques have been used to study the capture of electrons by positive charges introduced into the oxide layers of MOS capacitors. These two techniques have been used to study the positive charge in Al gate and poly-Si gate capacitors. The electron capture crosssection of this charge has been found to depend on the composition of the interface; positive charge at the Si interface tends to have a coulombic electron capture cross-section (~ 4×10-13cm2), while that at the alumninum interface has a non-coulombic electron capture crosssection (≤ 10-14cm2). The location of the positive charge induced by radiation under positive or negative bias has been determined in a completely non-destructive manner by photocurrent-voltage experiments. It has been found that under a positive irradiation bias, positive space charge accumulates within ~ 50 A of the Si-SiO2 interface, while under a negative bias, the space charge is within ~ 50 Å of the Al-SiO2 interface. In both cases there is evidence for some charge at the other interface introduced by the irradiation.
Improved Synthesis of N,N′‐Disuccinimidyl Carbonate using α‐Pinene as Acid Scavenger (2005)

Abstract An improved synthesis of N,N′‐disuccinimidyl carbonate (DSC) is described where α‐pinene is utilized as an efficient scavenger of HCl liberated during the reaction of N‐hydroxysuccinimide with triphosgene in THF. The α‐pinene hydrochloride formed is soluble in THF and gives very pure DSC in good yields.
Excretion of Radioactivity by Human Subjects after Ingestion of Liver from Cattle Treated with Labeled Polydiethylstilbestrol Phosphate (1965)

Polydiethylstilbestrol phosphate (PSP), an effective growth promoting agent in beef cattle, tends to accumulate in the animal's liver as indicated by studies in which radioactive PSP was used. Upon ingestion of such liver (cooked) by human beings, 93–101% of the radioactivity was found in the feces. No radioactivity could be detected in either blood or urine. It is concluded that neither PSP nor its metabolites ingested under such circumstances are absorbed in detectable amounts during passage through the human intestinal tract.
Detection of collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 3 in colorectal cancer (2012)

In conclusion, the antibodies obtained in this study are specific for CTHRC1 and NFE2L3 since they do not cross-react with unrelated- and related proteins and are useful for specific measurement of native CTHRC1 and NFE2L3 proteins. The antibodies and immunoassays may be useful for the analysis of CTHRC1 and NFE2L3 in clinical samples and for screening of therapeutic compounds in CRC.
<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> GNA2132, a heparin-binding protein that induces protective immunity in humans (2010)

GNA2132 is a Neisseria meningitidis antigen of unknown function, discovered by reverse vaccinology, which has been shown to induce bactericidal antibodies in animal models. Here we show that this antigen induces protective immunity in humans and it is recognized by sera of patients after meningococcal disease. The protein binds heparin in vitro through an Arg-rich region and this property correlates with increased survival of the unencapsulated bacterium in human serum. Furthermore, two proteases, the meningococcal NalP and human lactoferrin, cleave the protein upstream and downstream from the Arg-rich region, respectively. We conclude that GNA2132 is an important protective antigen of N. meningitidis and we propose to rename it, Neisserial Heparin Binding Antigen (NHBA).
Mayaro Virus in Child with Acute Febrile Illness, Haiti, 2015 (2016)

Mayaro virus has been associated with small outbreaks in northern South America. We isolated this virus from a child with acute febrile illness in rural Haiti, confirming its role as a cause of mosquitoborne illness in the Caribbean region. The clinical presentation can mimic that of chikungunya, dengue, and Zika virus infections.
Analysis of extracellular gene transcripts from cancer cells using whole genome microarrays (2006)

A75 Introduction: Improved methods for cancer diagnosis and monitoring, involving minimally-invasive, sensitive, specific tests could contribute significantly to cancer detection, on-going monitoring, and treatment. Using cancer cell line models and analyzing expression of eight transcripts, we have recently optimized methods enabling us to establish, in a well-controlled environment, that cancer cells apparently selectively secrete mRNAs (O9Driscoll et al., 2005, Cancer Genomics & Proteomics 2:43-52). Aim: The aim of this study was to establish if it is possible to investigate global expression of extracellular transcripts to enable identification of novel panels of mRNAs that could potentially be used as cancer biomarkers. Methods: Using methods that we have previously reported (see reference above) and following removal of residual cells by filtration, RNA was isolated from biological triplicate aliquots of conditioned media (CM) that had been exposed to breast, lung and nasal cancer cell lines and their multiple drug resistant variants. The quantity and purity of RNA extracted was investigated spectrophotometrically using a Nanodrop. Up to100 ng of each specimen was amplified and labelled using the Affymetrix GeneChip Eukaryotic 2 Cycle Labelling Assays for Expression Analysis and was subsequently examined using Affymetrix whole genome microarrays. Results: Gene transcripts were detected in conditioned media from all of the cancer cell lines studied. Approximately 10% (10.04+/-2.88) of the 54,675 probes sets representing transcripts on the microarray were called Present in CM, with distinct gene expression profiles detectable from cell lines of different tumor origins and drug resistance profiles. Our bioinformatics analysis indicates that, in general, biological repeats gave reproducible results and the quality of transcripts detected extracellularly were of an acceptable standard i.e. based on cell line QC parameters, the accepted background levels for microarray analysis are [L.O. and E.K. contributed equally to this study.]
Retrosequences and Evolution of Alu Elements (2006)

Abstract Retrosequences make up almost half of the human genome. They insert in new locations via a ribonucleic acid (RNA) intermediate and can amplify to over a million copies, as is the case for Alu elements. Although almost any transcribed RNA may undergo occasional reverse transcription and insertion into the genome, most retrosequences are limited to a few types of retroelements with high retrotransposition efficiencies. Despite these high copy numbers, the vast majority of retroelements are defective and therefore the number of active copies is generally very low; thus, the evolution of these elements follows the evolution of these few active elements with the remainder representing ‘fossils’ of the active elements at any given evolutionary time.
Countercyclical Capital Regime Revisited: Test of Robustness (2014)

This paper tests the robustness of key elements of the Smith and Weiher (2012) countercyclical capital regime. Such tests are now possible given that the recent house price cycle is nearing its end. The recent house price cycle allows for rigorous out-of-sample testing because it encompassed state-level house price cycles of significantly greater magnitude than those observable by Smith and Weiher during the design period of their stress test. The tests of robustness presented herein support the conclusion that the Smith and Weiher countercyclical capital regime should produce capital requirements sufficient to ensure an entity would remain solvent during severe house price cycles. This conclusion is strongly supported by a back-test of the countercyclical framework using Fannie Mae s historical book of business. If the countercyclical capital requirement had been in place during the run-up to the recent house price bubble, Fannie Mae would have been sufficiently capitalized to withstand losses it sustained in the subsequent housing crisis. This result is particularly noteworthy given that key components of the Smith and Weiher stress test were designed based upon pre-2002 data. Individual examinations of the trend line, trough, and time path components of the Smith and Weiher countercyclical capital regime all indicate that the underlying methodology is stable and robust. We also find that the countercyclical-related patterns in capital requirements will not vary when the stress test is applied to different credit models, but the level of capital required may vary appreciably. This suggests that over-reliance on any one credit model may not be prudent.?