gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of leukotriene production and membrane translocation of 5-lipoxygenase by cross-linking of the IgE receptors in RBL-2H3 cells (1992)

Recent studies in rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-2H3) have shown that two pharmacological agents, ionomycin and thapsigargin, induce leukotriene C4 production and translocation of 5-lipoxygenase from cytosol to membrane, primarily by causing an influx of extracellular calcium. In the present study, we investigate the induction of these events by receptor activation. Cross-linking of high-affinity IgE receptors (Fc epsilon RI) by antigen in RBL-2H3 cells leads to leukotriene C4 production and membrane translocation of 5-lipoxygenase. As in the ionomycin-stimulated cells, leukotriene C4 production in antigen-stimulated cells is calcium-dependent since the amount of leukotriene C4 produced correlates quantitatively with the increase in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). However, the increase in [Ca2+]i required for equivalent leukotriene C4 production by antigen is not as high as it is using ionomycin. In addition, no threshold [Ca2+]i level is required for leukotriene production by antigen, which is in contrast to the ionomycin stimulation that a [Ca2+]i level of 300-400 nM is required. Furthermore, antigen causes an additive increase in leukotriene C4 production in cells stimulated by the ionomycin. These results suggest that another as yet unidentified intracellular pathway acts in conjunction with Ca2+ for leukotriene synthesis in antigen-stimulated cells. Antigen stimulation causes 20-30% of the total cell 5-lipoxygenase to associate with membranes (compared with 10% in unstimulated cells) as demonstrated by enzyme activity assay and by Western Blot using antibodies to 5-lipoxygenase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
High performance auxiliary-propulsion ion thruster with ion-machined accelerator grid (1975)

An improvement in thruster performance was achieved by reducing the diameter of the accelerator grid holes. The smaller accelerator grid holes resulted in a reduction in neutral mercury atoms escaping the discharge chamber, which in turn enhanced the discharge propellant utilization from approximately 68 percent to 92 percent. The accelerator grids were fabricated by ion machining with an 8-centimeter-diameter thruster, and the screen grid holes individually focused ion beamlets onto the blank accelerator grid. The resulting accelerator grid holes are less than 1.12 millimeters in diameter, while previously used accelerator grids had hole diameters of 1.69 millimeters. The thruster could be operated with the small-hole accelerator grid at neutralizer potential.
MULTIPLE BONE FRAGMENT CORRECTION IN COMPUTER-ASSISTED OSTEOTOMY OF THE RADIUS (2008)

Previously, we have described a novel, computer assisted technique of osteotomy for distal radius malunion. Laboratory and clinical results demonstrate excellent realignment of the articular fragment, but incomplete correction of the radioulnar convergence and loss of radial bow. This study describes an innovation whereby both the proximal and distal fragments of the malunited radius are manipulated in 3D relative to an external template. Two case studies demonstrate the improve restoration of anatomy with this technique. The purpose of this study was to develop a method of computer-assisted planning and image guided surgery to restore the normal bow to the malunited radius. Manipulation of a virtual model of a distal radius malunion can only restore the full anatomical bow to the radius if both the distal and proximal fragments are corrected to match a normal template. This is a novel method of restoring normal anatomy in which both fragments of a malunited bone are corrected relative to an external normal template. A previously developed CT-based research software system for conducting computer-assisted distal radius osteotomy allowed three-dimensional manipulation of the distal fragment only, to restore the alignment of the distal articular surface. Results of the first six cases demonstrated that this system did not fully correct the convergence of the radius and ulna with persistent loss of radial bow, although it does provide excellent realignment of the articular fragment. The system was modified to include the ability to manipulate the proximal fragment of the radius. This fragment is rotated and translated to match an external reference template derived from a mirror image CT surface mesh of the opposite forearm. Results of two case studies are evaluated, demonstrating the computer models and post-operative radiographs confirming improved restoration of radial anatomy compared to the previous system.
Steroid Analogs Lacking Ring C. III. Synthesis of 4-(trans-4'-Hydroxycyclohexyl)-cyclohexanone<sup>1</sup> (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteroid Analogs Lacking Ring C. III. Synthesis of 4-(trans-4'-Hydroxycyclohexyl)-cyclohexanone1A. L. Wilds, Clifford H. Shunk, and Carl H. HoffmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 7, 1733–1736Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01636a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01636a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views470Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The relationship between <i>in vivo</i> limb and <i>in vitro</i> tendon mechanics after injury: A potential novel clinical tool for monitoring tendon repair (2010)

The ability to assess and monitor SDFT mechanical competence through limb stiffness measurement techniques in horses recovering from SDFT injury and the possibility of corroborating this with functional tendon healing may permit a more objective and accurate assessment of optimal tendon repair in the horse. This technique may be a useful method for assessing the efficacy of treatment regimens for tendinopathy and could be utilised to predict time to safe return to performance or re-injury.
Atmospheric effects on CO2 laser propagation (1978)

An investigation was made of the losses encountered in the propagation of CO2 laser radiation through the atmosphere, particularly as it applies to the NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center Pulsed Laser Doppler System. As such it addresses three major areas associated with signal loss: molecular absorption, refractive index changes in a turbulent environment, and aerosol absorption and scattering. In particular, the molecular absorption coefficients of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrous oxide are calculated for various laser lines in the region of 10.6 mu m as a function of various pressures and temperatures. The current status in the physics of low-energy laser propagation through a turbulent atmosphere is presented together with the analysis and evaluation of the associated heterodyne signal power loss. Finally, aerosol backscatter and extinction coefficients are calculated for various aerosol distributions and the results incorporated into the signal-to-noise ratio equation for the Marshall Space Flight Center system.
<title>Glyphs for visualizing uncertainty in environmental vector fields</title> (1995)

Environmental data have inherent uncertainty which is often ignored in visualization. For example, meteorological stations measure wind with good accuracy, but winds are often averaged over minutes or hours. As another example, Doppler radars (wind profilers and ocean current radars) take thousands of samples and average the possibly spurious returns. Others, including time series data, have a wealth of uncertainty information that the traditional vector visualization methods such as using wind barbs and arrow glyphs simply ignore. We have developed new vector glyphs to visualize uncertain winds and ocean currents. Our approach is to include uncertainty in direction and magnitude, as well as the mean direction and length, in vector glyph plots. Our glyphs show the variation in uncertainty, and provide fair comparisons of data from instruments, models, and time averages of varying certainty. We use both qualitative and quantitative methods to compare our glyphs to traditional ones. Subjective comparison tests with experts (meteorologists and oceanographers) are provided, as well as objective tests (data ink manximization), where the information density of our new glyphs and traditional glyphs are compared. We have shown that visualizing data together with their uncertainty information enhances the understanding of the continuous range of data quality in environmental vector fields.
Hippocampal mechanisms in impaired spatial learning and memory in male offspring of rats fed a low‐protein isocaloric diet in pregnancy and/or lactation (2017)

Maternal nutritional challenges during fetal and neonatal development result in developmental programming of multiple offspring organ systems including brain maturation and function. A maternal low-protein diet during pregnancy and lactation impairs associative learning and motivation. We evaluated effects of a maternal low-protein diet during gestation and/or lactation on male offspring spatial learning and hippocampal neural structure. Control mothers (C) ate 20% casein and restricted mothers (R) 10% casein, providing four groups: CC, RR, CR, and RC (first letter pregnancy, second lactation diet). We evaluated the behavior of young adult male offspring around postnatal day 110. Corticosterone and ACTH were measured. Males were tested for 2 days in the Morris water maze (MWM). Stratum lucidum mossy fiber (MF) area, total and spine type in basal dendrites of stratum oriens in the hippocampal CA3 field were measured. Corticosterone and ACTH were higher in RR vs. CC. In the MWM acquisition test CC offspring required two, RC three, and CR seven sessions to learn the maze. RR did not learn in eight trials. In a retention test 24 h later, RR, CR, and RC spent more time locating the platform and performed fewer target zone entries than CC. RR and RC offspring spent less time in the target zone than CC. MF area, total, and thin spines were lower in RR, CR, and RC than CC. Mushroom spines were lower in RR and RC than CC. Stubby spines were higher in RR, CR, and RC than CC. We conclude that maternal low-protein diet impairs spatial acquisition and memory retention in male offspring, and that alterations in hippocampal presynaptic (MF), postsynaptic (spines) elements and higher glucocorticoid levels are potential mechanisms to explain these learning and memory deficits.
Are synthetic clinical notes useful for real natural language processing tasks: A case study on clinical entity recognition (2021)

: Recent advances in text generation have made it possible to generate synthetic clinical notes that could be useful for training NER models for information extraction from natural clinical notes, thus lowering the privacy concern and increasing data availability. Further investigation is needed to apply this technology to practice.
Inhibition of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Replication by CD8<sup>+</sup>T Lymphocytes from Macaques Immunized with Live Attenuated SIV (1998)

Characterization of immune responses induced by live attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strains may yield clues to the nature of protective immunity induced by this vaccine approach. We investigated the ability of CD8(+) T lymphocytes from rhesus macaques immunized with the live, attenuated SIV strain SIVmac239Deltanef or SIVmac239Delta3 to inhibit SIV replication. CD8(+) T lymphocytes from immunized animals were able to potently suppress SIV replication in autologous SIV-infected CD4(+) T cells. Suppression of SIV replication by unstimulated CD8(+) T cells required direct contact and was major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted. However, CD3-stimulated CD8(+) T cells produced soluble factors that inhibited SIV replication in an MHC-unrestricted fashion as much as 30-fold. Supernatants from stimulated CD8(+) T cells were also able to inhibit replication of both CCR5- and CXCR4-dependent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains. Stimulation of CD8(+) cells with cognate cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes also induced secretion of soluble factors able to inhibit SIV replication. Production of RANTES, macrophage inhibitory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha), or MIP-1beta from stimulated CD8(+) T cells of vaccinated animals was almost 10-fold higher than that from stimulated CD8(+) T cells of control animals. However, addition of antibodies that neutralize these beta-chemokines, either alone or in combination, only partly blocked inhibition of SIV and HIV replication by soluble factors produced by stimulated CD8(+) T cells. Our results indicate that inhibition of SIV replication by CD8(+) T cells from animals immunized with live attenuated SIV strains involves both MHC-restricted and -unrestricted mechanisms and that MHC-unrestricted inhibition of SIV replication is due principally to soluble factors other than RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta.
Multi-Agent Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning based In-network Load Balance (2020)

Load balancing is a difficult online decision-making problem in the current network. Recently, with the development of the programmable data-plane, it is feasible to perform flexibly load balance directly inside the network. This in-network load balance scheme can quickly adapt to the volatility of network traffic. However, previous in-network solutions are largely relying on the manual process. Inspired by recent successes in applying machine learning in online control, automating the in-network load balance process is thus appealing. But as a distributed control system, it behooves us to ask the critical question: “Can the distributed switches learn globally optimal scheduling policy and still be deployed in a distributed fashion to allow rapid reaction in real-time?” To tackle this question, we adopt a centralized learning and distributed execution framework and propose a multi-agent actor-critic reinforcement learning algorithm in this paper. The centralized “critic” is reinforced with the global network state and joint actions of all agents to ease the training process whilst distributed switches can take actions relaying on their local observations. In addition, a baseline scheme is introduced to solve the credit assignment problem in the multi-agent system. The extensive simulations are conducted to evaluate our proposed algorithm in comparison to state-of-the-art schemes.
On the Steady-State Response of a One-Dimensional Yielding Continuum (1970)

The steady-state or standing wave response of a bounded one-dimensional yielding continuum is investigated using an approximate analytic technique. Details of the nature of the fundamental and higher modes of response are presented. It is found that the effective damping in the higher response modes may be quite small compared to that of linear viscous damped systems.
An evolutionary fuel assembly design for high power density BWRs (2007)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, February 2007.
Design of honeycomb-like composites for electromagnetic and structural applications (2004)

The cellular composite's unit cell is based on the common honeycomb configuration, but includes auxetic and nonauxetic variants. Formulas that describe the essential electromagnetic and structural properties of the honeycomb are described, and a multidisciplinary design procedure outlined. The effects of the manufacturing process on design methodology are also discussed.
EFFECT OF DL-THYROXINE ON THE PBI AND BMR OF RATS POISONED WITH AMINONTTRILES<sup>1</sup><sup>2</sup> (1961)

Journal Article EFFECT OF DL-THYROXINE ON THE PBI AND BMR OF RATS POISONED WITH AMINONTTRILES Get access Endocrinology, Volume 69, Issue 3, 1 September 1961, Pages 654–658, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-69-3-654 Published: 01 September 1961 Article history Received: 03 November 1960 Published: 01 September 1961
Differential effects of selective endothelin type a receptor antagonist on the gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in streptozotocin-induced diabetic heart. (2006)

Cardiovascular complications are an important feature of diabetes mellitus (DM). Abnormal and decreased coronary collateral development has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac complications in DM. More recently, decreased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors has been found in diabetic heart. To our knowledge, no study has focused on the therapeutic improvement associated with VEGF in diabetic heart. DM was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) in Sprague-Dawley rats, while control rats received only citrate buffer. After 1 week, the streptozotocin-treated rats were randomly divided into two groups: one group received the selective endothelin (ET) type A receptor antagonist TA-0201 at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks by osmotic mini-pump, and the vehicle group received saline only. The plasma glucose level was 504 +/- 75 mg/dl in the diabetic rats and was unchanged by treatment with ET antagonist. The body weight was decreased in the diabetic rats compared with the control rats, but the left ventricular (LV)-body weight ratio was increased in the diabetic group and was unaffected by treatment with ET antagonist. mRNA expression of VEGF and its receptors (Flt-1 and Flk-1) in the LV tissues was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. VEGF expression was significantly decreased in diabetic heart and was greatly improved by treatment with ET antagonist. The expression of VEGF receptors was down-regulated in early diabetic heart but was not recovered by treatment with ET antagonist. ET and its receptor A might have differential regulation on the gene expressions of VEGF and its receptors in early diabetic heart.
Multi-junction thermocouple for temperature gradient measurements (1995)

Type K thermocouples having multi-junction for measuring the temperature gradient of the furnace were fabricated. The obtained results on the temperature gradient of the electric furnace maintained at were consistent with those for the reference grade type S thermocouple, which was carefully calibrated, within the permitted error limit of the type K thermocouple. It was suggested that noble metal multi-junction thermocouples be suitable for more accurate temperature gradient measurements.
Cache coherency without line exclusivity in MP systems having store-in caches (1983)

By modifying the function of the storage control unit, a multiprocessor (MP) system having store-in caches is enabled to operate with the same versatility as an MP system having store-through caches, thereby eliminating the requirement for line exclusivity and greatly reducing the occurrence of cross-interrogates.
Synthesis of Ideal Iron Film Samples for Shock Physics Experiments Using Ultrafast X-Ray Diffraction (2004)

The fabrication of iron (Fe) films epitaxially grown on single crystal magnesium oxide (MgO) substrates is presented. Our goal is the creation of ideal crystalline iron samples for shock physics experiments using ultrafast x‐ray diffraction. There are several reasons for the choice of the Fe/MgO system. Iron is known to undergo shock‐induced structural changes, and MgO is selected because it is a) transparent to the laser light used to generate the shock in the Fe film and b) there is only a 4% lattice mismatch between Fe and MgO. Issues such as generating a specific crystallographic orientation in the iron film and technical challenges in the synthetic process are discussed. The ultimate goal for producing a single crystal Fe film on MgO is to allow the merger of theory and experiment. A new ultrafast x‐ray diffraction experiment will permit the detection of laser‐driven shock‐induced phase changes in the crystalline Fe samples. These experiments will complement an elegant MD investigation of a shocked Fe crystal.p.
SANJAY: Automatically synthesizing visualizations of flow cytometry data using decision procedures (2015)

Polychromatic flow cytometry is a widely used technique for gathering and analyzing cellular data. The data generated is high-dimensional, and therefore notoriously difficult to visualize by a human expert. The traditional method of plotting every pair of observables of the original high-dimensional data leads to a combinatorial explosion in the number of visualizations. The usual solution is to project the data into a lower-dimensional space while approximately preserving key properties and relationships among data points. The lower dimensional data can then be easily analyzed with the help of specialized data visualization software.
ChemInform Abstract: HYPERVALENT ORGANOIODINE. REACTIONS OF SILVER ARYLSULFONATES WITH IODOSOBENZENE DICHLORIDE (1977)

Abstract Jodbenzoldichlorid (II) reagiert mit Silberacetat zum Diacetat (I), während mit Silbertosylat anstelle des erwarteten Ditosylates (III) das Monotosylat (IVa) erhalten wird.
Synthesis and Characterization of Tunable PEG - Gelatin Methacrylate Hydrogels (2011)

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels are popular for cell culture and tissue-engineering applications because they are nontoxic and exhibit favorable hydration and nutrient transport properties. However, cells cannot adhere to, remodel, proliferate within, or degrade PEG hydrogels. Methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), derived from denatured collagen, yields an enzymatically degradable, photocrosslinkable hydrogel that cells can degrade, adhere to and spread within. To combine the desirable features of each of these materials we synthesized PEG-GelMA composite hydrogels, hypothesizing that copolymerization would enable adjustable cell binding, mechanical, and degradation properties. The addition of GelMA to PEG resulted in a composite hydrogel that exhibited tunable mechanical and biological profiles. Adding GelMA (5%–15% w/v) to PEG (5% and 10% w/v) proportionally increased fibroblast surface binding and spreading as compared to PEG hydrogels (p<0.05). Encapsulated fibroblasts were also able to form 3D cellular networks 7 days after photoencapsulation only within composite hydrogels as compared to PEG alone. Additionally, PEG-GelMA hydrogels displayed tunable enzymatic degradation and stiffness profiles. PEG-GelMA composite hydrogels show great promise as tunable, cell-responsive hydrogels for 3D cell culture and regenerative medicine applications.
Fabrication of Ceramics Using Epoxy as a Binder. (2008)

Abstract not provided.
Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis: CT and pathologic findings in 10 patients (2005)

Pulmonary microlithiasis is characterised by the presence of numerous small, calcified nodules, calcifications along interlobular septa, bronchovascular bundles and pleura, ground-glass opacities, consolidation, and subpleural cysts. The cysts represent dilated alveolar ducts.
Purified IgG from Patients with Obstetric but not IgG from Non‐obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome Inhibit Trophoblast Invasion (2014)

VT-/PM+ IgG exert functionally relevant effects on human trophoblast cells but VT+/PM- IgG do not.