gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cooperative Redox Regulation of [4Fe-4S] Ferredoxin Model Arenethiolate Complexes by NH···S Hydrogen Bonds and an Aromatic C–H···S Interaction (1997)

Abstract A series of the model complexes containing ortho-substituted arenethiolato ligands, ((Et4N)2[Fe4S4(S-2-RCONHC6H4)4] {R = Ph (1), 4-MeO–C6H4 (2), and 4-F–C6H4 (3)} and (Et4N)2[Fe4S4{S-2,6-(RCONH)2C6H3}4] {R = Ph (4), 4-MeO–C6H4 (5), and 4-F–C6H4 (6)}) was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, IR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The solution structures of these complexes are discussed based on their 1H NMR T1 data and molecular-dynamics calculations. Complex 4 has a shorter distance (av. 4.3 Å) between the protons of the benzoyl group and the inorganic sulfur atom of the [4Fe-4S] cluster than the corresponding ones of 1 (av. 6.2 Å). These results indicate the C–H···S interaction between the protons of the benzoyl group and the sulfur atom of the [4Fe-4S] cluster. The [Fe4S4(SAr)4]2−/[Fe4S4(SAr)4]3−redox potential for 1 and 4 are −0.86 and −0.65 V, respectively. The difference between 1 and 4 is Δ0.21 V. This is larger than the value Δ0.11 V between [Fe4S4(S-2-t-BuCONHC6H4)4]2− (−0.91 V) and [Fe4S4{S-2,6-(t-BuCONH)2C6H3}4]2− (−0.80 V), considered to be the difference between singly and doubly NH··&middotS hydrogen-bonded complexes. The redox potentials for 1—6 follow the trend of the Hammett σm values, showing that the aromatic ring of the benzoyl group interacts with the [4Fe-4S] cluster directly. A cooperative effect between the C–H···S interaction and the NH···S hydrogen bond is thus found to regulate the redox potential of the model complexes.
Quantitative mapping of switching behavior in piezoresponse force microscopy (2006)

The application of ferroelectric materials for nonvolatile memory and ferroelectric data storage necessitates quantitative studies of local switching characteristics and their relationship to material microstructure and defects. Switching spectroscopy piezoresponse force microscopy (SS-PFM) is developed as a quantitative tool for real-space imaging of imprint, coercive bias, remanent and saturation responses, and domain nucleation voltage on the nanoscale. Examples of SS-PFM implementation, data analysis, and data visualization are presented for epitaxial lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films and polycrystalline PZT ceramics. Several common artifacts related to the measurement method, environmental factors, and instrument settings are analyzed.
Effects of the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran on <i>ex vivo</i> coagulation time in orthopaedic surgery patients: a population model analysis (2006)

aPTT and ECT prolongation were directly correlated with dabigatran concentrations. Blood coagulation prolongation was most pronounced following surgery. Data suggest that ECT provides a more precise description of the anticoagulant effect than aPTT.
520. An unusual product from diphenylketen and ethoxyacetylene (1962)

D. H. R. Barton, J. N. Gardner, R. C. Petterson and O. A. Stamm, J. Chem. Soc., 1962, 2708 DOI: 10.1039/JR9620002708
Shedding of PECAM-1 during HIV infection: a potential role for soluble PECAM-1 in the pathogenesis of NeuroAIDS (2005)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is characterized by viral entry into the central nervous system (CNS), which is mediated, in part, by the transmigration of HIV-infected monocytes into the brain. The elaboration of chemokines and other factors by these infected cells contributes to CNS inflammation and cognitive impairment in a significant number of HIV-infected individuals. Recently, we demonstrated that HIV-infected monocyte transmigration into the CNS is enhanced greatly by the chemokine CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) plays an important role in leukocyte transmigration across the endothelium of the systemic vasculature by mediating homophilic interactions between endothelial cells (EC)-EC and EC-leukocytes, thus preserving vessel integrity. The role of PECAM-1 in HIV-infected leukocyte transmigration across the blood brain barrier (BBB) and NeuroAIDS has not been characterized. We demonstrate that in brain tissue from individuals with HIV encephalitis, there is an accumulation of cleaved, soluble forms of the extracellular region of PECAM-1 (sPECAM-1). In addition, HIV-infected individuals have elevated levels of sPECAM-1 in their sera. Our in vitro data demonstrate that HIV-infected leukocytes, when treated with CCL2, shed sPECAM-1, suggesting a mechanism of extracellular PECAM-1 cleavage and release dependent on HIV infection and CCL2. We hypothesize that sPECAM-1 production by HIV-infected leukocytes, resulting in the accumulation of sPECAM-1 within the CNS vasculature and the generation of truncated, intracellular forms of PECAM-1 within leukocytes, alters PECAM-1 interactions between EC-EC and EC-leukocytes, thus contributing to enhanced transmigration of HIV-infected leukocytes into the CNS and changes in BBB permeability during the pathogenesis of NeuroAIDS.
Preparation of phosphonated polypyridyl ligands to anchor transition-metal complexes on oxide surfaces: application for the conversion of light to electricity with nanocrystalline TiO<sub>2</sub>films (1995)

To anchor transition-metal compounds onto metal oxide surfaces 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine-4′-phosphonic acid (4′-PO3H2-terpy) is synthesized; strong surface adhesion as well as efficient charge-transfer sensitization of nanocrystalline TiO2 films has been observed with a ruthenium complex involving this ligand.
Waves in plasmas (1992)

Wave normal surfaces waves in a cold uniform plasma causality, acoustic waves and simple drift waves energy flow and accessibility Kruskal-Schwarzschild solutions for a bounded plasma oscillations in bonded plasmas plasma models with discrete structure longitudinal oscillations in a plasma of continuous structure absolute and convective instability susceptibilities for a hot plasma in a magnetic field waves in magnetized uniform media effects on waves from weak collisions reflection, absorption and mode conversion nonuniform plasmas the straight-trajectory approximation quasilinear diffusion quasilinear diffusion in a magnetized plasma bounce-averaged quasilinear diffusion in a magnetized plasma bounce-averaged quasilinear diffusion.
The human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) gene (1990)

We report the isolation and characterization of the human gene encoding islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). Previously characterized cDNA sequences correspond to three exons of which the first is noncoding. A functional promoter region was identified in the 5' flanking DNA; however, this was farther upstream than expected. Northern blot analysis of human insulinoma RNA revealed three IAPP mRNAs of sizes 1.2, 1.8 and 2.1 kb, in agreement with three polyadenylation signals present in the 3' end of the gene. In situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes resulted in two distinct peaks on chromosome 12, at 12p12-p13 and 12q13-q14. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA suggested a single IAPP locus but also indicated the presence of additional homologous sequences in human genomic DNA.
G Protein β3 Subunit 825T Allele and Enhanced Coronary Vasoconstriction on α <sub>2</sub> -Adrenoceptor Activation (1999)

Recently, alpha(2)-adrenoceptor activation was shown to play an important role in the vasoconstriction of normal coronary arteries, whereas in the presence of atherosclerosis, the activation of both alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-adrenoceptors reduces coronary blood flow in humans. alpha(2)-Adrenoceptors activate pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G proteins, whereas alpha(1)-adrenoceptors couple to PTX-insensitive G proteins. Thus, the 825T allele of the beta3 subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins, associated with enhanced PTX-sensitive G protein signaling, was expected to determine the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor-, but not the alpha(1)-adrenoceptor-, mediated reduction in coronary blood flow (CBF). Genotyping was performed on 48 individuals. Twelve of the 48 received the alpha(1)-adrenoceptor agonist methoxamine (MTX; 5 mg IC), and 12 received the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist BHT 933 (BHT; 5 mg IC). Twenty-four additional individuals received both MTX and BHT during the same investigational procedure. CBF was calculated on the basis of coronary angiography and intracoronary Doppler flow velocity measurement. Drug-related ischemia was assessed on the basis of ST-segment changes and angina pectoris. In response to BHT, but not to MTX, CBF was reduced to a significantly greater extent in 825T allele carriers (58+/-4%, n=16) than in individuals homozygous for the C825 allele (28+/-4%, n=19, P=0.001). This finding was independent of cholesterol levels, mean arterial blood pressure, and the presence or absence of coronary artery disease. Ischemic events in response to BHT occurred more frequently in 825T allele carriers than in homozygous 825C allele carriers (P=0.01). alpha(2)-Adrenoceptor coronary vasoconstriction is genetically determined and significantly enhanced in GNB3 825T allele carriers.
Steady-State Spatial Screening Solitons in Photorefractive Materials with External Applied Field (1994)

Steady-state dark (bright) planar spatial solitons are predicted for photorefractive materials when the diffraction of an optical beam is exactly compensated by nonlinear self-defocusing (focusing), due to the screening field set up around a dark notch (or a bright beam) in a photorefractive material to which an external field is applied. These screening solitons appear in steady state and differ from previously observed spatial solitons in their properties and physical origin.
Boundary Waters Problems of Canada and the United States. (The International Joint Commission 1912–1958.) By L. M. Bloomfield and Gerald F. Fitzgerald. Toronto: Carswell Co. Ltd., 1958. pp. x, 264. Appendix. Index. (1959)

Boundary Waters Problems of Canada and the United States. (The International Joint Commission 1912–1958.) By L. M. Bloomfield and Gerald F. Fitzgerald. Toronto: Carswell Co. Ltd., 1958. pp. x, 264. Appendix. Index. - Volume 53 Issue 3
Fabrication and analysis of directly modulated 1.55 µm semiconductor lasers of bandwidth up to 30 GHz (1997)

Fabrication and analysis of directly modulated 1.55 µm semiconductor lasers of bandwidth up to 30 GHz
Phase Equilibria at Liquidus Temperatures in the System MgO‐FeO‐Fe <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> ‐SiO <sub>2</sub> (1956)

Liquidus temperatures are presented for mixtures in the system MgO‐FeO‐Fe 2 O 3 ‐SiO 2 . The standard quenching technique was modified for work under controlled atmospheres of varying O 2 pressures. Data were obtained for the temperature range 1159° to 1775°C., and with O 2 pressures ranging from 1 to 10 ‐8 . 9 atm. Approximate compositions of crystalline phases were determined, and paths of equilibrium crystallization were derived for selected mixtures under idealized conditions. Application of the phase diagrams to steel‐plant refractories problems is indicated.
Determination of the composition of strained InGaAsP layers on InP substrates using photoreflectance and double-crystal x-ray diffractometry (1991)

Determining the composition of strained InGaAsP films through measurements of the lattice spacings and band-gap energies (Eg) requires converting the measured values to ones which would correspond to unstrained material. In strained layers the lattice constants perpendicular and parallel to the growth plane can vary significantly from the relaxed value, and the optically measured Eg is affected by a strain-induced splitting of the valence band and a shifting of the direct gap energy. By combining double-crystal x-ray data with room-temperature photoreflectance results, we determine the InGaAsP composition accurately using an iterative procedure. Film compositions calculated using strain adjusted values of Eg agree with those determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy to within 1–2 at. %, whereas if energy shifts are not considered, the error approaches 10 at. % for strain on the order of 0.4%.
Tissue-specific Expression of a Dehydrin Gene in One-year-old `Rio Oso Gem' Peach Trees (1997)

Dehydrins are desiccation-induced proteins. Many plants have several dehydrin genes, some of which are primarily cold induced while others are primarily abscisic acid (ABA) or desiccation induced. Only one dehydrin gene ( ppdhn 1) has been reported in peach. The dehydrin gene is seasonally regulated and associated with cold acclimation. Because molecular markers for desiccation resistance may aid in the selection of drought- and cold-tolerant genotypes, we sought to determine if ppdhn 1 was inducible by desiccation and ABA in all tissues (i.e., a whole-plant response) and to examine the relationship between expression of ppdhn 1, desiccation, and dehydrin protein (PCA60). One-year-old `Rio Oso Gem' peach [ Pranus persica (L.) Batsch.] trees were maintained at a stem water potential of -2.0 MPa by withholding water for 1 week, followed by daily watering for 1 week for some of the trees. ABA (100 m m ) was applied to similar trees that were well watered. Total RNA and protein were extracted from bark, leaves, xylem, and roots, fractionated by electrophoresis, blotted to membranes, and probed with either a peach-specific dehydrin cDNA clone or polyclonal antibodies directed against dehydrin. Accumulation of ppdhn 1/PCA60 was induced more by desiccation than ABA applications. Additionally, such accumulation was tissue dependent, being highest in bark tissues and lowest in leaf tissues. The presence of ppdhn 1 transcript and corresponding PCA60 protein were not always commensurate with each other. In particular, elevated levels of PCA60 were still present 1 week after desiccation recovery when transcript levels had decreased significantly or were undetectable, indicating that dehydrin is a stable protein. In general, our data indicate that ppdhn 1 is similar to other cold-induced dehydrins that are only slightly induced by ABA. In contrast to cold-induced dehydrins, ppdhn 1 was strongly induced by desiccation. While synthesis of dehydrin is tightly associated with the onset of stress, disappearance and turnover seem less linked to alleviation of the inducing stress.
Peripheral antinociceptive action of amitriptyline in the rat formalin test: involvement of adenosine (1999)

The present study determined (1) whether amitriptyline could produce a local antinociceptive action in the formalin test, (2) whether endogenous adenosine was involved in this action, and (3) which other systems might contribute to such an action. Coadministration of amitriptyline 10-100 nmol with 2.5% formalin produced a dose-related reduction in phase 1 (0-12 min) and phase 2 (16-60 min) flinching behaviours, as well as in phase 2 biting/licking time (no phase 1 expression). This action was not seen or only partially expressed at low concentrations of formalin (0.5%, 0.75%). Coadministration of caffeine with amitriptyline partially reversed the antinociceptive action of amitriptyline against both behaviours at 2.5% formalin. At 1.5% formalin, caffeine still produced only a partial reversal of effect; this appeared to be due to a block of adenosine A1 receptors, as it was also seen with the selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine. Using antagonists for a number of other systems, no evidence for an involvement of alpha-adrenergic, histamine, excitatory amino acid or opioid receptors in the action of amitriptyline was observed or inferred. A local anaesthetic action for amitriptyline remains a possibility for the residual action. These results indicate that amitriptyline can produce a local peripheral antinociceptive action which is mediated, in part, by an interaction with endogenous adenosine, most likely an inhibition of the cellular uptake of adenosine with a consequent activation of adenosine A1 receptors on sensory nerve terminals. Local application of amitriptyline by cream or gel might prove to be a useful method of drug delivery in inflammatory pain states.
Effect of natural oestrogens on blood pressure and weight in postmenopausal women. (1975)

An investigation of the effect of conjugated oestorgens (USP) on the blood pressure and weight gain of postmenopausal women was undertaken. Fifty-one unselected women were treated for one year with cyclically administered conjugated oestrogen. Both the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures of those in the group increased, but only the diastolic was significantly elevated. Individual evaluation revealed that this was largely owing to an idiosyncrasy among certain women. Age is probably a predisposing factor, for hypertension occurred more frequently among the older women. The significance of the change in blood pressure is commented upon, and the recommendation that postmenopausal women on oestrogen replacement therapy should have their blood pressure measured every 6 months is made. Weight gain is not affected by long-term treatment with conjugated oestrogens.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,3‐Unsaturated Glycosides via Metal‐Free Ferrier Reaction. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Europium-Terminated Chromium Fluorescence in EuAl<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>:<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1968)

An optical emission process is observed in which a ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ ion, initially in the $^{2}E_{\mathrm{g}}$ excited state, simultaneously emits a photon and excites a neighboring ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$ ion to an excited $^{7}F_{J}$ level. Transitions terminating on $J=1$ through 5 have been found.
Circuit Implementation, Operation, and Simulation of Multivalued Nonvolatile Static Random Access Memory Using a Resistivity Change Device (2013)

We proposed and computationally analyzed a multivalued, nonvolatile SRAM using a ReRAM. Two reference resistors and a programmable resistor are connected to the storage nodes of a standard SRAM cell. The proposed 9T3R MNV-SRAM cell can store 2 bits of memory. In the storing operation, the recall operation and the successive decision operation of whether or not write pulse is required can be performed simultaneously. Therefore, the duration of the decision operation and the circuit are not required when using the proposed scheme. In order to realize a stable recall operation, a certain current (or voltage) is applied to the cell before the power supply is turned on. To investigate the process variation tolerance and the accuracy of programmed resistance, we simulated the effect of variations in the width of the transistor of the proposed MNV-SRAM cell, the resistance of the programmable resistor, and the power supply voltage with 180 nm 3.3 V CMOS HSPICE device models.
Biochemistry of the Wilson’s Disease Protein (2002)

Copper is an essential metal, utilized as a cofactor by numerous enzymes regulating vital cellular functions, including oxidative phosphorylation, neurotransmitter biosynthesis, radical detoxification, iron uptake, and many others (for review, see refs. 1 and 2). The importance of copper for normal cell metabolism is best illustrated by the existence of severe genetic disorders, in which the normal distribution of copper is disrupted (3–5). Menkes disease (MNK) is an inborn copper deficiency associated with severe developmental delays, mental retardation, poor temperature control, and connective tissue abnormalities. All of these symptoms can be ascribed to the malfunction of various enzymes, which require copper as a cofactor. Such enzymes include cytochrome-c oxidase, tyrosinase, lysyl oxidase, peptidyl-β-amidase, and many others. Recent identification of the Menkes disease gene (ATP7A) revealed that it encoded a copper-transporting ATPase or the Menkes disease protein (6–8), which has a dual function: to transport copper from the cytosol to copper-dependent enzymes located within the secretory pathway and to export excess copper out of the cell.
Molecular Characterization around a Glassy Transition of Starch Using <sup>1</sup>H Cross-Relaxation Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2000)

The aim of this work was to characterize the glassy-rubbery transition in starch gels using molecular (NMR) techniques. Proton cross-relaxation ((1)H CR) NMR spectra of gelatinized starch ( approximately 50% mc) were obtained by cooling stepwise from 20 to -30 degrees C. A significant line broadening was observed in the CR spectra between 0 and -10 degrees C. Deconvolution of the spectra into its component curves (broad and narrow) yielded a peak amplitude, width at half-height, and peak area for each curve. Between 0 and -10 degrees C (temperatures around T(g)), a significant line width change in the broad component (rigid solid) was apparent. These observed qualitative changes may be evidence of a glassy-rubbery transition at a molecular (short-range) level which are strengthened by a similar transition temperature range found previously with (13)C CP-MAS and DMA tan delta(T) measurements. However, the increase in the relative quantity of rigid protons observed by (1)H CR NMR spectra could also be attributed to ice. The (1)H CR NMR method showed its potential application for probing solid components in gels using a simple and economical NMR spectrometer, without the need for a solid-state instrument.
ChemInform Abstract: VOLENEOL DIACETATE‐ A NEW SESQUITERPENOID FROM LEPIDOTRICHILIA VOLENSII LEROY (MELIACEAE) (1978)

Abstract Die Struktur des Sesquiterpens (I) wird sichergestellt.
Silicon Nanowires: A Novel Platform for EWOD Actuation and Matrix-Free Mass Spectrometry Analysis (2006)

Abstract not Available.
RING ENLARGEMENT OF THE PHOTOCHEMICALLY GENERATED <i>endo</i>-2,3-TRIMETHYLENENORBORN-<i>exo</i>-2-YLCARBINYL CATION. OCCURRENCE OF A DIFFERENT REACTION PATHWAY FROM THAT IN SULFURIC ACID (1978)

Abstract endo-2,3-Trimethylenenorborn-exo-2-ylcarbinyl cation (1a), formed by irradiating the corresponding iodide (1) in heptane, rearranged mainly to tricyclo[6.2.1.02,6]undec-2(6)-ene (2), an entirely different product from the same cation in sulfuric acid. The difference is interpreted with the “free” character of the cation produced in a high energy, photochemical process.