gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estrogenic and progestagenic activities of physiologic and synthetic androgens, as measured by in vitro bioassays. (1997)

Estrogenic activities of testosterone (T) and 5a-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were detected and measured by using their specific stimulatory effects on alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity in human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells of the Ishikawa Var-1 line. These two physiologic androgens were able to induce, at microM concentrations, estrogenic effect believed to be mediated by the estrogen receptor (ER) since the antiestrogens ICI-164384 and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHTam), but not the antiandrogens hydroxyflutamide (OHFl) or cyproterone acetate (CPA), reversed that effect. By using another in vitro bioassay, based on the progestin-specific stimulation of AP activity in cells of the T47D human breast cancer line, progestagenic activity was detected and measured in T, DHT and three synthetic androgens: nandrolone (19-nortestosterone). 7 alpha-methyl 19-nortestosterone (MENT) and mibolerone (7 alpha, 17 alpha-dimethyl 19-nortestosterone) (DMNT). While progestagenic effects of T and DHT required relatively high concentrations (microM levels), the synthetic androgens stimulated AP activity at nM or pM levels. These effects seem to be mediated by the progesterone receptor (PR), since they are completely abolished by the antiprogestins RU-486, ZK-98299 and ZK-112993, but not by the antiandrogen OHFl. These simple in vitro bioassays, expressing biological effects of the test compounds in human cells in culture, revealed dual or multiple hormonal activities coexisting in a single compound and provide quantitative information of considerable pharmacological importance concerning the complex actions of drugs.
The Prodigiosins: A New Family of Anticancer Drugs (2003)

Apoptosis is involved in the action of several (and perhaps all) cancer-chemotherapeutic agents. Prodigiosins, a family of natural red pigments characterized by a common pyrrolylpyrromethene skeleton, are produced by various bacteria. Three members of the prodigiosin family, viz. prodigiosin (PG), undecylprodigiosin (UP) and cycloprodigiosin hydrochloride (cPrG.HCl), have immunosuppressive properties and apoptotic effects on cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Their cytotoxic effect is attributed to the presence of the C-6 methoxy substituent. The A-pyrrole ring plays a key role in both the copper nuclease activity and the cytotoxicity of prodigiosins. Here, we have reviewed the pharmacological activity of PG and related compounds, including novel synthetic PG-derivatives with lower toxicity. The mechanism of action for these molecules is a current topic in biomedicine. The molecular targets of prodigiosins are also discussed.
Rhipidistians (Sarcopterygii) from the Hunter Siltstone (Late Famennian) near Grenfell, NSW, Australia (2008)

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> Rhipidistian sarcopterygian fishes (Dipnomorpha + Tetrapodomorpha) are well represented in the upper levels of the Hunter Siltstone (latest Famennian) near Grenfell. New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Taxa comprise two porolepiforms (known primarily from scales, including the widely distributed <i>Holoptychius</i>), the basal rhipidistian taxon <i>Grenfellia meemannae</i> n. gen. and n. sp. and two tetrapodomorphs (<i>Eusthenodon gavini</i> n. sp. and <i>Yambira thomsoni</i> n. gen. and n. sp., both known from skull bones and scales). Biogeographic relationships of the Hunter Siltstone fauna are based on the presence of the placoderm group Sinolepidoidei, shared with Late Devonian faunas from the North and South China terranes. Rhipidistian scales have been described from the latter in association with Late Devonian sinolepids (<i>Sinolepis</i>), but these do not display close taxonomic affinity to scales described from Grenfell. Other Upper Devonian NSW localities show strong faunal similarity to Euramerican localities; <i>Holoptychius</i> occurs in certain of these and at Grenfell, but has not been recorded from <i>Sinolepis</i>-bearing units on the North and South China terranes. These considerations further contradict suggestions that Asian terranes acted as a dispersal route between Gondwana and Euramerica in the Late Devonian. <br><br> Rhipidistiide Sarcopterygier (Dipnomorpha + Tetrapodomorpha) sind in den obersten Schichten des Hunter Siltstone (oberstes Famennium) bei Grenfell, New South Wales (NSW), Australien, stark vertreten. Es handelt sich um zwei Porolepiforme (vertreten hauptsÃ¤chlich als Schuppen, darunter die weit verbreitete Gattung <i>Holoptychius</i>), der primitive Rhipidistier <i>Grenfellia meemannae</i> n. gen. et n. sp. und zwei Tetrapodomorphe (<i>Eusthenodon gavini</i> n. sp. und <i>Yambira thomsoni</i> n. gen. et n. sp., beide vertreten durch SchÃ¤delknochen und Schuppen). Biogeographische Beziehungen der Hunter Siltstone-Fauna sind auf der Anwesenheit von sinolepidoiden Placodermen, die in oberdevonischen Faunen der nord- und sÃ¼dchinesischen Terranes auftreten, begrÃ¼ndet. Rhipidistier-Schuppen sind zusammen mit oberdevonischen Sinolepiden (<i>Sinolepis</i>) von den chinesischen Terranes beschrieben worden, aber diese zeigen keine nahe taxonomische Ãbereinstimmung mit den Schuppen von Grenfell. Andere oberdevonische LokalitÃ¤ten von NSW zeigen deutliche Ãhnlichkeiten in der faunistischen Zusammensetzung mit euramerikanischen LokalitÃ¤ten: <i>Holotychius</i> tritt dort und in Grenfell auf, aber ist nicht von Schichten in nord-und sÃ¼dchinesischen Terranes, die <i>Sinolepis</i> enthalten, beschrieben worden. Auch diese Vergleiche widersprechen Vorstellungen, dass die asiatischen Terranes im Oberdevon als Verbreitungsweg zwischen Gondwana und Euramerika dienten. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.20000030107" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.20000030107</a>
Synchronizing Digital Signage Content with the Movement of Passerby (2015)

The use of digital signage systems is increasingly common in public spaces such as shopping malls, train stations, airports and urban areas. In this paper, we present a new interaction scheme for digital signage that allows the passerby to keep him/her walking while getting a series of information. The innovative features of our system include estimation of the passerby's eye level based on features of gait on a pressure sensing floor mat device, and presentation of a 3D content considering his/her eye level.
Cell‐Specific Expression of the Rat Oxytocin Gene in Transgenic Mice (1990)

Abstract The genes for the posterior pituitary hormones oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) are expressed in magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus. Previous attempts to obtain cell-specific expression of OT and VP transgenes in mice have been unsuccessful using constructs containing only the OT or VP genes. As the endogenous genes are located near each other on the same chromosome, we investigated four transgenic mouse lines incorporating a single 5.2 k bp construct of rat genomic deoxyribonucleic acid with 1.63 k bp and 3.55 k bp of the OT and VP genes, respectively. Rat OT transcripts were detected only in transgenic mouse OT neurons of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei in two lines. The levels of endogenous and transgene OT transcripts increased in response to 10 days of lactation. Furthermore, rat OT-associated neurophysin immunoreactivity was detected in magnocellular cell bodies as well as in the posterior pituitary of the transgenic but not the control mice. Cell-specific rat VP expression was not detected in these transgenic mice.
Supermarkets as a Natural Oligopoly (2005)

This paper uses a model of endogenous sunk cost (ESC) competition to explain the industrial structure of the supermarket industry, where a few powerful chains provide high quality products at low prices. The predictions of this model accord well with the features of the supermarket industry documented here. Using a novel dataset of store level observations, I demonstrate that 1) the same number of high quality firms enter markets of varying sizes and compete side by side for the same consumers and 2) quality increases with the size of the market. In addition to documenting a local structure of competition consistent with the ESC framework, I demonstrate that the choice of quality by rival firms behaves as a strategic complement. This key finding, which is consistent with an ESC model of quality enhancing sunk outlays, eliminates several alternative explanations of concentration in the supermarket industry, including most standard models of cost-reducing investment and product proliferation. These results suggest that the competitive mechanisms sustaining high levels of concentration in the supermarket industry are inherently rivalrous and unlikely to lead to the emergence of a single dominant firm.
Synthese und physikalische Eigenschaften erster 3,3′‐verbrückter Bis‐ und Tris(1,3‐thiazolium‐4‐olate) sowie eines 5,5′‐verbrückten Bis(1,3‐thiazolium‐4‐olats) und seine überführung in 3,3′‐(1,4‐Phenylen)bis[2(1<i>H</i>)‐pyridinone] (1987)

Abstract Die Synthese und physikalische Eigenschaften der neuen Titelverbindungen vom Typ 7, 9 und 12 , die zwei oder in einem Fall drei mesoionische 1,3‐Thiazol‐4‐on‐Systeme enthalten, werden beschrieben. Mit Acetylendicarbonsäure‐dimethylester oder Dibenzoylethin reagiert 12 unter Schwefel‐Freisetzung zu den 3,3′‐(1,4‐Phenylen)bis[2(1 H )‐pyridinon]‐Derivaten 23a bzw. b .
Discrimination of Chiral Solids: A Terahertz Spectroscopic Investigation of <scp>l</scp>- and <scp>dl</scp>-Serine (2010)

The terahertz (THz, far-infrared) spectra of enantiomerically pure and racemic crystalline serine were investigated using time-domain THz spectroscopy and solid-state density functional theory (DFT) in the spectral range of 10-90 cm(-1). The experimental THz spectra of L- and DL-serine at 78 K appear quite similar despite the significant differences in arrangement of the molecules in their crystal structures. Structural analyses of the two systems and calculation of the vibrational modes and intensities were performed using DFT with periodic boundary conditions employing the B3LYP and PW91 density functionals with the 6-31G(d,p) and 6-311G(d,p) basis sets. The applied computational methods produced simulations of the THz spectra in good agreement with experiment, with accurate predictions of the subtle differences in the THz spectra of the two chiral solid-state mixtures of serine. The observed spectral features are assigned as primarily external lattice translations and rotations with lesser contributions due to intramolecular torsions of the -NH(3)(+) and -COO(-) groups modified by intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
Fundamentals of Applied Electrostatics (1986)

ELECTROSTATIC FIELDS: Fundamental Concepts Electric Fields with Known Voltages Fields Caused by Charges ELECTROSTATICS OF PARTICLES: Particle Motion in Known Electric Fields Unipolar Space-Charge Motion Charged Particle Conservation ELECTROSTATICS OF MATERIALS: Conduction and Breakdown Polarization Continuum Force Densities ELECTROSTATICS OF CIRCUIT ELEMENTS: Resistive Circuit Elements Capacitive Circuit Elements Forces on Lumped Elements
The Effects of Insurance Generosity on the Psychological Distress and Psychological Well-being of a General Population (1989)

Reductions in the generosity of fee-for-service insurance lower the use of general medical and mental health services, but do they lead to lower mental health status for the covered population? We addressed this question using data from the RAND Corporation Health Insurance Experiment. Families in six sites in the United States were randomly assigned to one of 14 insurance plans for three- or five-year periods. On average, there were no significant adverse effects of cost-sharing plans, relative to a free-care plan, on either psychological well-being or psychological distress, when the cost-sharing plans included full catastrophic coverage. Those with high mental health status but low income at baseline had significantly more favorable mental health outcomes on the cost-sharing plans than on the free-care plan. We cannot definitively comment on the effects of insurance generosity for the sick poor. Our findings apply in the context of mandated comprehensive mental and general health coverage for a general nonelderly, nondisabled household population.
Relation between red blood cell distribution width and inflammatory biomarkers in a large cohort of unselected outpatients. (2009)

To our knowledge, our study demonstrates for the first time a strong, graded association of RDW with hsCRP and ESR independent of numerous confounding factors. If confirmed in future follow-up studies, this association might provide a rationale to introduce the easy, inexpensive RDW in algorithms for cardiovascular risk prediction.
The neurophysiological basis of the marijuana experience. (1973)

Experiments were done with 75 healthy young adults to explore the neurophysiological basis of the acute marijuana intoxication state. Tests included recording the scalp EEG, visual and auditory cerebral evoked-potentials, the CNV, cerebral slow potentials related to certainty of response correctness in auditory discrimination tasks, heart rate, respiration and the galvanic skin response. All variables were recorded over 45 minutes before and 45 minutes after smoking a marijuana cigarette containing either 4.8, 9.1 or less than 0.01 mg. Delta(9)-THC.High doses of marijuana induced a significant decrease in the peak power of the alpha rhythm and an increase in auditory evoked-response latency. The CNV increased in ampiitude after smoking marijuana in low doses and sequential CNVs showed changes consistent with sustained attention but decreased certainty about performance following either low or high dose. Marijuana interfered significantly with performance of the discrimination task itself.
Multi-echelon Supply Chain Inventory Planning using Simulation-Optimization with Data Resampling (2019)

Modeling and optimization of multi-echelon supply chain systems is challenging as it requires a holistic approach that exploits synergies and interactions between echelons while accurately accounting for variability observed by these systems. We develop a simulation-optimization framework that minimizes average inventory while maintaining desired average $β$ service level at stocking locations. We use a discrete-event simulation framework to accurately capture system interactions. Instead of a parametric estimation approach, the demand and the lead time variability are quantified by bootstrap sampling the historical data, thus preserving the true nature of the variability. We compare three different open source simulation-optimization libraries - the derivative free methods from SciPy.Optimize, a Bayesian optimization algorithm Scikit-Optimize, and a radial basis function based black-box optimizer RBFOpt. The experiments demonstrate practical applicability of our approach. While we observe substantially lower inventory levels and computationally superior results from RBFOpt, depending on the problem, search strategy, and the random start states, close enough good solution can be obtained from both RBFOpt and Scikit-Optimize. The optimization results demonstrate a preference for a centralized inventory planning scheme that help with risk pooling. Moreover, with no order placement cost, the optimal solution tends to order more frequently in order to lower inventory.
Amazon Echo: Amazon Echo User Guide (2015)

Alexa, where can I find the best user guide for you? The best user guide for me is right here in your hands, just one-click away. Alexa, why is this Amazon Echo User Guide the best? This Amazon Echo User Guide is the best because it: Answers The Question Is Amazon Echo All Talk? Explains How To Set Me Up Easily Details The Best Apps I Work Well With Teaches You How to Change My Name If You Don't Like It Helps You Understand and Navigate My Settings Explains Why I Am Better Than My Sister Siri Details How You Can Change The Delivery Date For Me Provides You Examples of All The Commands I Am Capable of Performing For You Envisions The Commands I Will Be Capable Of In The Near Future Provides Troubleshooting To Common Issues That I Face Includes a Bonus: Amazon Echo Cheat Sheet: 64 Amazon Echo Commands & Questions Alexa, how do I get this Amazon Echo User Guide? Scroll up and click on 'Buy now with 1-click' or Read for Free with Kindle Unlimited.
Predicting 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Ester Transformation Rates in Periphyton-Dominated Ecosystems (1983)

Using batch cultures, we determined transformation rate coefficients for microbial transformation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid butoxyethyl ester (2,4-DBE) in periphyton-dominated ecosystems. Rates of 2,4-DBE loss were measured over short periods of time (usually less than 10 h), and first-order transformation rate coefficients (k(1)) were determined under the specific conditions of low 2,4-DBE concentrations and no growth. Values for k(1) were divided by total plate counts and by biomass measured as ash-free dry weight to give second-order rate coefficients (k(b) and k(AFDW), respectively) for use in predictive models. Using periphyton attached to Teflon strips, we also determined second-order rate coefficients based on the ratio of colonized surface area to container volume (k(A)). Mean second-order rate coefficients were used to predict 2,4-DBE transformation rates in microcosms having diverse chemical and biological environments. The observed transformation rates among the microcosms were most accurately predicted by using k(A).
Noninvasive diagnostic tests to detect coronary artery disease: How useful are they? (1996)

How Useful Are They?
Room-temperature operation of an InAs–GaAs–AlAs quantum-cascade laser (2003)

We report the shortest-wavelength (λ∼8.5 μm) room-temperature laser operation so far achieved for GaAs-based quantum-cascade (QC) lasers. By depositing InAs monolayers in the device active regions during growth, we are able to both reduce the emission wavelength and minimize thermally activated carrier leakage into quasicontinuum states. This approach results in laser operation up to 305 K, with a peak optical power of ∼10 mW at room temperature. A reduced temperature sensitivity of the threshold current compared with similar GaAs–Al0.45Ga0.55As QC lasers is also observed.
Comparative efficacy of indacaterol in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2012)

Long-acting bronchodilators have been shown to improve multiple clinical outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) including lung function, symptoms, dyspnea, quality of life, and exacerbations. Indacaterol is a novel, inhaled, long-acting β2-agonist providing 24-hour bronchodilation with once-daily dosing. It is currently approved for the maintenance treatment of COPD to be administered as 150 or 300 μg once-daily doses as licensed in many countries and 75 μg as licensed in the US by means of a single-dose dry powder inhaler. The data from clinical development support a favorable safety and tolerability profile within the β2-agonist drug class, with no relevant issues identified. Current evidence indicates that indacaterol is suitable for use as first-line monotherapy in COPD patients with moderate disease (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD] stage II) and beyond that do not require an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) as per GOLD guidelines, or in combination with an ICS in severe or very severe patients with repeated exacerbations. Data from trials with the novel once-daily β2-agonist, indacaterol, indicate superior bronchodilation and clinical efficacy over twice-daily long-acting β2-agonists and at least equipotent bronchodilation as once-daily tiotropium. Bronchodilators are central in the symptomatic management of COPD. It is likely that once-daily dosing of a bronchodilator would be a significant convenience and probably a compliance-enhancing advantage, leading to improved overall clinical outcomes in patients with COPD.
PROGRESS IN CODA RESEARCH OF CHINESE SEISMOLOGISTS (1994)

This article reviews the progress in research on codas and scattering of seismic waves made by Chinese seismologists, Coda of seismographs is a phenomenon of scattering. But scattering phenomenon doesn't limit itself only in codas. It appears also in direct waves. Therefore, codas and scattering research are just topics of comprehensive explanation on the whole recorded waveforms. Consideration on codas research from the Chinese seismologists include theories, observations and applications. Theoretical considerations include research on scattering directivity from scatterers and multiple scattering; In observational aspect, they are trying to discriminate Q-factors in attenuation due to different physical substances; In applicational aspect, this article introduces the general sketch of research on Variation in Q-factors in relation with earthquake prediction. Works of the Chinese seismologists intro duced in this article include not only articles published in the Chinese periodicals but also in the international periodicals.It can be seen that applying coda Qc to research on relavant earthquake prediction problems is the main topic concerned by the Chinese seismologists.
Glutathione peroxidase-1 deficiency leads to increased nuclear light scattering, membrane damage, and cataract formation in gene-knockout mice. (2001)

The results demonstrate the critical role of GPX-1 in antioxidant defense mechanisms of the lens nucleus. The increased NLS appears to be associated with damage to fiber membranes in the nucleus, which is particularly susceptible to oxidative challenge because of the deficiency of GPX-1. It is suggested that the lens membrane changes in the knockout animals may be due to the formation of lipid peroxides, which serve as substrates for GPX-1. Cataract development in gene-knockout mice appeared to progress from focal opacities, apparent at an earlier age, to lamellar cataracts between 6 and 10 months, and finally to complete opacification in animals older than 15 months. This is the first reported phenotype in GPX-1-knockout mice.
Effects of a surrounding conducting medium on antenna analysis (1963)

Analysis of antennas immersed in conducting media is, in many ways, quite different from the corresponding analysis for antennas in air. The usual simple techniques applied for determining radiation resistance for antennas in the air break down for antennas in conducting media. The normal concepts of antenna gain and antenna pattern break down when the antenna is in a conducting medium. The pattern, for example, becomes highly dependent upon the choice of the origin of the coordinate system. These effects are due to the dissipation of most of the energy in the immediate vicinity of the antenna. Such dissipation is caused by the fields which, for antennas in air, are associated with stored, but not dissipated, energy. The primary purpose of this paper is to illustrate failure of standard antenna analysis techniques when the antennas are in conducting media. Surprisingly, the biconical antenna, whose input impedance requires rather extensive calculations in air, turns out to be extremely simple to analyze in a conducting medium. A discussion of this is presented to show how an analysis can be simplified by the presence of the conducting medium. Comparison of a redefined gain for the biconical, loop, and two forms of straight wire antennas, indicates that there is very little difference between the gains of the different configurations provided the sizes are approximately the same. Although the loop antenna is considered only for dimensions small compared with the wavelength, no such limitation is placed on the other antennas.