gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Problem Posing in Geometry (1991)

Problem solving received dramatic emphasis throughout the 1980s. However, its necessary counterpart, problem posing, has received scant attention. Some notable exceptions are the works of Brown and Walter (1983), Klamkin (1986), and, of course, Polya (1973). In this article a typical geometry theorem is used and problems are posed involving its application. The methods presented here work well to create geometry test questions, geometry contest problems, and calendar problems for the Mathematics Teacher. Although these methods are intended primarily for secondary school teachers, creative geometry students could use them for making their own mathematical discoveries.
HOOKER'S “PREFACE”, CHAPTERS VIII AND IX (1969)

Journal Article HOOKER'S “PREFACE”, CHAPTERS VIII AND IX Get access W. SPEED HILL W. SPEED HILL Case Western Reserve University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 16, Issue 12, December 1969, Pages 457-b–459, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/16-12-457b Published: 01 December 1969
The Taxiway Navigation and Situation Awareness (T-NASA) System (1997)

Our data support the view that increases in prostaglandin H synthase specific activity in intrauterine tissues can be caused by stimulation by specific agonists, and this in turn is responsible for enhanced prostaglandin output by these tissues.
Enzymatic ω-Oxidation (1968)

Abstract Rubredoxin, a red, nonheme iron protein previously shown to function as an electron carrier in the ω-hydroxylation of fatty acids and hydrocarbons in enzyme preparations from Pseudomonas oleovorans, has been obtained in highly purified form. The apparent molecular weight is 12,800. Two atoms of iron are present per molecule, but no labile sulfide. In the oxidized form this protein exhibits absorption maxima at 495, 377, and 280 mµ, with a molar extinction coefficient at 495 mµ of 1.11 x 104. Oxidized rubredoxin gives electron paramagnetic resonance signals at g = 4.3 and 9.4, which is characteristic of high spin ferric ion in a rhombic field. A quantitative comparison of the loss of absorbance at 495 mµ and of electron paramagnetic resonance at g = 4.3 upon the reduction of rubredoxin by TPNH, in the presence of spinach TPNH-ferredoxin reductase, indicated that 1 electron is accepted per atom of iron. The reduction potential is -0.037 volt. Rubredoxin gives intense and detailed optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism spectra which indicate that the iron-ligand chromophores are in a highly asymmetric environment.
In vitro fertilization Editorial overview (1992)

The Women's Hospital Fertility Center, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, and The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
The bacterial nucleoid revisited (1994)

This review compares the results of different methods of investigating the morphology of nucleoids of bacteria grown under conditions favoring short generation times. We consider the evidence from fixed and stained specimens, from phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopy of growing bacteria, and from electron microscopy of whole as well as thinly sectioned ones. It is concluded that the nucleoid of growing cells is in a dynamic state: part of the chromatin is "pulled out" of the bulk of the nucleoid in order to be transcribed. This activity is performed by excrescences which extend far into the cytoplasm so as to reach the maximum of available ribosomes. Different means of fixation provide markedly different views of the texture of the DNA-containing plasm of the bulk of the nucleoid. Conventional chemical fixatives stabilize the cytoplasm of bacteria but not their protein-low chromatin. Uranyl acetate does cross-link the latter well but only if the cytoplasm has first been fixed conventionally. In the interval between the two fixations, the DNA arranges itself in liquid-crystalline form, supposedly because of loss of supercoiling. In stark contrast, cryofixation preserves bacterial chromatin in a finely granular form, believed to reflect its native strongly negatively supercoiled state. In dinoflagellates the DNA of their permanently visible chromosomes (also low in histone-like protein) is natively present as a liquid crystal. The arrangement of chromatin in Epulocystis fishelsoni, one of the largest known prokaryotes, is briefly described.
A computer-based synthesis method of structurally LBR digital allpass networks (1988)

A digital lossless bounded-real (LBR) transfer function, more commonly known as a stable allpass function, maintains the LBR property under multiplier coefficient quantization when implemented by networks that are structurally LBR. A systematic method is outlined for generating all possible such realizations for second-order transfer functions containing a minimum number of multipliers and delays, allowing the designer to take advantage of the flexibility offered by a catalog of such realizations. Illustrative examples are included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Immunomodulatory Type II Natural Killer T Lymphocytes in Health and Disease (2012)

Natural killer T (NKT) lymphocytes are αβ T cells activated by lipid-based ligands presented on the non-polymorphic CD1d-molecule. Type I NKT cells that carry an invariant Vα14 (in the mouse) or Vα24 (in humans) T cell receptor α-chain rearrangement have received significant attention for their involvement in a diversity of immune reactions. Their sister population, CD1d-restricted type II NKT cells, has been more difficult to study because of the lack of molecular markers that specify these cells. In the last few years, however, significant progress has been made, demonstrating that type II NKT cells have unique functions in immune responses to tumours and infections, in autoimmunity, obesity and graft-versus-host disease. Type II NKT cells appear more frequent than type I NKT cells in humans and accumulate in certain diseases such as ulcerative colitis, hepatitis and multiple myeloma. Recently, novel type II NKT cell ligands have been identified, and it is becoming clear that the type II NKT cell population may be oligoclonal. Here, we review the recent progress in the study of type II NKT cells, supporting the view that type II NKT cells may be attractive targets for immunotherapy.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Triarylmethanes by Chiral Brønsted Acids (2009)

Abstract Chiral Brønsted acid catalyzed Friedel–Crafts alkylation of electron‐rich arenes with (3‐indolyl)methanamines has been realized to provide an efficient synthesis of enantioenriched unsymmetrical triarylmethanes. With 5 mol‐% of a newly developed chiral phosphoric acid, the enantioenriched unsymmetrical triarylmethanes were obtained in excellent yields with up to 91 % ee .
The handwriting on the wall: program transformations utilizing effective change management strategies. (2012)

Historically, there have been indications that we need to change the way we work and think about our health care processes. Yet, with the urgency to keep abreast of the changing needs of our patients, have we seen these signs? Moreover, how do we respond to the inevitable change processes that must occur? In 2010, St. Michael's entered into a five-year partnership with Baxter Canada. The overall goal is to improve the quality of care and life for people living with chronic kidney disease. This initiative was undertaken in response to concerns identified internally related to existing health care delivery processes within the renal program. As in any work environment, the depth and breadth of inevitable changes evoke a variety of responses that are based on the individual's attitudes regarding change. As we embarked on this journey, the nursing leadership team and staff within the program were encouraged to review their usual responses toward change utilizing the book, Who Moved My Cheese? (Johnson, 1998). It is imperative to identify the attitudes of those people involved in change processes. This awareness facilitates the use of specific strategies to enhance the effectiveness of their engagement in the process and the outcome of the initiative. Reading the writing on the wall prepares people to participate in and embrace changes that promise to benefit those for whom we provide professional care.
HEMODiYALiZ HASTALARININ FiSTÜL BAKIMI BiLGi DÜZEYLERi (2015)

Amac: Tanimlayici tipteki arastirma hemodiyaliz hastalarinin fistul bakimiyla ilgili bilgi duzeylerini belirlemek amaci ile yapildi. Gerec ve Yontem: Arastirmanin orneklemini 87 hasta olusturdu. Veriler fistul bakimi bilgi formu ile toplandi. Veriler sayi, yuzdelik, ortalama, standart sapma, Kruskal-Wallis ve Mann-Whitney U testi ile degerlendirildi. Bulgular: Hastalarin fistul bakimi bilgi puan ortalamasi 18.7±19.0, fistul bakimi bilgilerinin orta duzeyde oldu- gu, hemodiyalize girme suresi ve fistul bakimi bilgi puan ortalamalari arasindaki iliski anlamli (p<0.005) olarak belirlenmistir. Sonuc: Hastalarin fistul bakimi bilgilerinin orta duzeyde oldugu belirlenmistir. Anahtar kelimeler: Hemodiyaliz; Fistul; Fistul baktmt; Bilgi; Hemsirelik ABSTRACT Aim: This descriptive study aimed to determine the fistula care knowledge levels of hemodialyses patients. Method: The study consisted of 87 patients. Data were collected through questionnaire form about fistula care instructions. Collected data were evaluated via number, percentage, average, Standard deviation, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Mean fistula care knowledge score of patients was 18.7±19.0. lt was determined that patient's fistula care knowledge level was moderate, the total point of knowledge level regarding fistula care of patients is significantly different with an advanced hemodialysis treatment time level (p<0,05). Conclusion: lt was determined that patients had moderate levels of fistula care knowledge. Key words: Hemodialysis; Fistula; Fistula care; Knowledge; Nursing
China's Environmental Civilian Activism (2010)

In the Policy Forum “China's Road to Sustainability” (2 April, p. 50), J. Liu Overlooks an important cultural force. China's worsening environmental conditions have catalyzed a spirit of environmental civilian activism.
Lost in Translation: Degree Definition and Quality in a Globalized World (2011)

Within the United States, defining the meaning of a degree and comparing the quality of institutions on a common set of metrics is no simple matter. And indeed, we resist such comparisons. We are p...
Scalable graphics enhancements for PA-RISC workstations (2003)

The addition of graphics-specific features to the series 700 system architecture has improved graphics performance by 33% to 100% across various graphics workloads relative to the base system architecture. The model 730, which incorporates a 76 SPECmark PA-RISC (reduced instruction set computer) CPU, is capable of rendering over 1,000,000 3D vectors/s and 19400 independently shaded, z-buffered quadrilaterals/s using a simple entry level frame buffer. Further improvements in performance may be obtained by partitioning the graphics pipeline between the CPU and dedicated rasterization and geometry accelerators. Enhancements to the CPU include polygon rasterization with virtual memory z-buffer support, graphics-specific floating-point, and graphics-specific data path features.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Calibration of Large Field-of-View Thermal and Optical Sensors for Plant and Soil Measurements (1994)

Infrared thermometers, spectroradiometers, and phototransistor optical sensors have different response characteristics to electromagnetic radiation, depending upon the position and orientation of the object to be measured within its field-of-view (FOV), its distance from the sensor, and the reflectance or emission characteristics of the object and nearby background. Ideally, thermal or optical sensor response is proportional to the amount of exposure of an object within its FOV. However, the response is also dependent upon the proximity of the object relative to the center of the FOV. By relating the composite response of an object within the FOV to the response of its background, an accurate measurement of the exposure or percent cover of the object can be made. Likewise, if the composite and individual component responses with the exception of one are given, the true response of the sensor can be predicted using a weighted-response function. The correlations between the predicted weighted-response function and the indicated composite sensor response were high (r2 > 0.9). The weighted-response function can be applied to either temperature, reflectivity, or reflectance FOV.
Olive Oil Hydrolysis by Celite-Immobilized <i>Candida</i> <i>rugosa</i> Lipase (1998)

Candida rugosa lipase was immobilized on Celite by acetone precipitation and adsorption. The immobilized enzyme was used for catalyzing olive oil hydrolysis in an aqueous medium without any added emulsifiers. Adsorption on Celite gave better results in terms of effectiveness factor, reuse, and stability compared to acetone precipitation. Adsorbed lipase exhibited good hydrolytic activity but was never more efficient than soluble enzyme. The effectiveness factor of lipase adsorbed on Celite was found to be 0.90. The fatty acid formation was linearly increased (P < 0.05) up to an enzyme concentration of 0.5 mg. The progress curve of the olive oil hydrolysis gave a typical hyperbolic form. After immobilization, the optimal reaction pH was shifted from 7 to 6.5 and the optimal reaction temperature from 40 to 45 °C. Although the lipase immobilized on Celite exhibited higher stability, the rapid loss of enzyme activity appeared to be the main problem during repetitive use. The parameters, specific production rate, and maximum product value were estimated for each experimental data set by applying the Logistic-2 model. Keywords: Candida rugosa lipase; adsorption; immobilization; olive oil; hydrolysis
The Use of Augmented Reality in Formal Education: A Scoping Review (2016)

Augmented Reality (AR) is recognized as one of the most important developments in educational technology for both higher and K-12 education as emphasized in Horizon report . The purpose of this scoping review was to provide a comprehensive overview of relevant research regarding the emergence of augmented reality, the links to pedagogy and educational outcomes, specifically in the context of formal education. The scoping review is underpinned by the five-stage framework Arksey and O’Malley (2005). First, research questions are identified. Second, the last five years in ERIC database is explored by using the search term ‘augmented reality.’ Third, studies are investigated through inclusion and exclusion criteria, and PRISMA (2009) model is utilized for article selection. Fourth, selected articles are charted with respect to numerous dimensions and summaries. finally, findings are reported in the light of research questions. The findings of the scoping review illustrated a set of studies that provide evidence of improved academic performance, increase in students’ engagement, motivation, and satisfaction through the educational environments that are enriched with AR applications. The findings of the scoping review are discussed with respect to multiple dimensions that are explored under research questions
Hubble’s High-Definition Panoramic View of the Andromeda Galaxy (2015)

The largest NASA Hubble Space Telescope image ever assembled, this portion of the Andromeda galaxy is the sharpest large composite image ever taken of our galactic next-door neighbor.
Le Sporting Club : symbole et enjeu social (1987)

Oppenheim J-M. R. Le Sporting Club : symbole et enjeu social. In: Revue de l'Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée, n°46, 1987. Alexandrie, entre deux mondes, sous la direction de Robert Ilbert . pp. 168-176.
Noncontact measurement using line-scan cameras: Analysis of positioning error (1989)

A multiprocessor camera controller has been designed and developed for real-time operation of high-resolution industrial CCD (charge coupled device) line-scan cameras. A three-camera system is capable of measuring length, width, height, and volume of steel slabs. Data captured by one camera are made available to other camera processors. A computation scheme is developed to correlate information for accurate cooperative measurement. There are two major sources of measurement errors. Digitizing error has been examined elsewhere, and a 0.1 subpixel accuracy is achievable by appropriate processing. The authors consider positioning errors with emphasis on camera positioning. The cooperative measurement and computation scheme measures object translation and compensates its effect to a certain degree. It is shown that, with calibration, measurement errors caused by camera positioning can be kept error caused by camera positioning can be kept within 0.2%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Educating for a Critical Democracy: Civic Participation Reimagined in the Council of Youth Research (2013)

This article explores civic learning, civic participation, and the development of civic agency within the Council of Youth Research (the Council), a program that engages high school students in youth participatory action research projects that challenge school inequalities and mobilize others in pursuit of educational justice. We critique the neoliberal view of democracy that dominates in the existing research, policy, and practice around urban school reform and civic education and instead turn to evidence from social movements and critical social theory as a foundation for a reimagined, more robust vision of critical democracy. Through our analysis of the activities that the Council students engaged in during and after a five-week summer seminar, we offer findings about the kinds of learning and pedagogy that characterize a critical democratic space. We discuss how students and teachers learn through dialogue that characterizes them as public intellectuals; we explore how students develop new forms of civic participation through their engagement with digital, participatory media and interactive presentations to community stakeholders; and we document the developing sense of agency that students experience as a result of these authentic civic learning opportunities. We conclude by highlighting the impacts of this program and its potential to create a new paradigm for civic life and civic education.
An on-line method to detect incipient failure of turn insulation in random-wound motors (1993)

Induction motors used in various mining industry applications fail frequently because they are subjected to severe operating conditions. Periodic test procedures are inappropriate for many installations and the cramped and hazardous mining environment makes unscheduled motor replacements difficult and time-consuming to perform. An online detector of insulation degradation is proposed and demonstrated analytically and experimentally. This detector, termed the effective negative-sequence impedance, is computed from the voltage and current phasors at the motor terminals. It can be used frequently, even continuously, and does not interfere with normal motor operation. With this detector, motor replacements can be scheduled, thereby reducing production downtime associated with emergency maintenance actions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Heterogeneous reactions of HNO3(g) + NaCl(s) yields HCl(g) + NaNO3(s) and N2O5(g) + NaCl(s) yields ClNO2(g) + NaNO3(s) (1995)

The heterogeneous reactions of HNO3(g) + NaCl(s) yields HCl(g) + NaNO3(s) (eq 1) and N2O5(g) + NaCl(s) yields ClNO2(g) + NaNO3(S) (eq 2) were investigated over the temperature range 223-296 K in a flow-tube reactor coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Either a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) or an electron-impact ionization mass spectrometer (EIMS) was used to provide suitable detection sensitivity and selectivity. In order to mimic atmospheric conditions, partial pressures of HNO3 and N2O5 in the range 6 x 10(exp -8) - 2 x 10(exp -6) Torr were used. Granule sizes and surface roughness of the solid NaCl substrates were determined by using a scanning electron microscope. For dry NaCl substrates, decay rates of HNO3 were used to obtain gamma(1) = 0.013 +/- 0.004 (1sigma) at 296 K and > 0.008 at 223 K, respectively. The error quoted is the statistical error. After all corrections were made, the overall error, including systematic error, was estimated to be about a factor of 2. HCl was found to be the sole gas-phase product of reaction 1. The mechanism changed from heterogeneous reaction to predominantly physical adsorption when the reactor was cooled from 296 to 223 K. For reaction 2 using dry salts, gamma(2) was found to be less than 1.0 x 10(exp -4) at both 223 and 296 K. The gas-phase reaction product was identified as ClNO2 in previous studies using an infrared spectrometer. An enhancement in reaction probability was observed if water was not completely removed from salt surfaces, probably due to the reaction of N2O5(g) + H2O(s) yields 2HNO3(g). Our results are compared with previous literature values obtained using different experimental techniques and conditions. The implications of the present results for the enhancement of the hydrogen chloride column density in the lower stratosphere after the El Chichon volcanic eruption and for the chemistry of HCl and HNO3 in the marine troposphere are discussed.
Communicating Awareness and Intent in Autonomous Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction (2018)

Drivers use nonverbal cues such as vehicle speed, eye gaze, and hand gestures to communicate awareness and intent to pedestrians. Conversely, in autonomous vehicles, drivers can be distracted or absent, leaving pedestrians to infer awareness and intent from the vehicle alone. In this paper, we investigate the usefulness of interfaces (beyond vehicle movement) that explicitly communicate awareness and intent of autonomous vehicles to pedestrians, focusing on crosswalk scenarios. We conducted a preliminary study to gain insight on designing interfaces that communicate autonomous vehicle awareness and intent to pedestrians. Based on study outcomes, we developed four prototype interfaces and deployed them in studies involving a Segway and a car. We found interfaces communicating vehicle awareness and intent: (1) can help pedestrians attempting to cross; (2) are not limited to the vehicle and can exist in the environment; and (3) should use a combination of modalities such as visual, auditory, and physical.
Detection of soft x rays with NEA <i>I</i> <i>I</i> <i>I</i>–<i>V</i> photocathodes (1978)

We describe the experimental energy response of a negative electron affinity (NEA) III-V photocathode to x rays with energies from approximately 0.8 to approximately 3 keV. Energy resolutions, E/DeltaE, from approximately 1 to approximately 3 are obtained, together with approximately 100% quantum efficiency. Theoretical calculations based on an electron diffusion model are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results. The use of NEA III-V photocathodes as efficient soft x-ray detectors with good energy and spatial resolution is discussed for imaging applications in x-ray astronomy.