gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localized, tumor‐associated osteolysis involves the recruitment and activation of osteoclasts (1996)

The cellular and biochemical mechanisms that direct destruction of bone at the site of tumor osteolysis are unknown. In order to understand this process better, a murine model designed for the study of tumor osteolysis was developed and the influence of osteolytic and nonosteolytic tumors on bone was investigated. Tumors developed following femoral intramedullary injection of sarcoma (2472) and melanoma (G3.26) cell lines; however, only tumors from the 2472 cell line caused osteolysis. It was determined that 2472 tumor-induced osteolysis commenced 6 days after the femora had been inoculated with 2472 cells. There were more osteoclasts per millimeter of bone surface in 2472 tumor-bearing limbs (16.7 +/- 5.0) than in sham-injected limbs (3.8 +/- 0.9) (p < 0.015). In addition, an increase in the osteoclast size (area) was detected in 2472 tumor-bearing limbs: 412 +/- 65 micron2 compared with 187 +/- 17 micron2 (p < 0.01). In vitro bone resorption experiments indicated that 2472 tumor cells had a limited ability to destroy bone in comparison with macrophages and osteoclasts. Taken in total, these findings define a model that is useful for the study of tumor osteolysis, and the data from analyses of the model demonstrate that the cellular mechanisms responsible for 2472 tumor-induced osteolysis include both an increase in the number of osteoclasts and activation of mature osteoclasts.
11 Optimal P2Y12 Blockade in Oral Dual Antiplatelet Therapy for Women with Coronary Heart Disease – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Current European and American guidelines indicate the use of P2Y<sub>12</sub> inhibitors in the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes and post coronary intervention. In recent times, newer P2Y<sub>12</sub> inhibitors such as ticagrelor and prasugrel have been shown to be clinically superior to clopidogrel at reducing mortality. However contrary to this statement some of large randomised controlled trials (RCT) investigating these newer agents have not shown a significant benefit in women. The aim of our meta-analysis is to ascertain which is the superior P2Y<sub>12</sub>inhibitor in the management of coronary heart disease (CHD) in women. <h3>Methods</h3> Using a defined-search strategy, electronic databases (MEDLINE and Embase) were searched for papers published between 1946–2014, and abstracts from major cardiology conferences to 8<sup>th</sup> June 2014. For inclusion they had to be RCT in design with clinical outcomes for P2Y<sub>12</sub> inhibitors in adult female patients with coronary heart disease. Nine eligible studies comparing P2Y<sub>12</sub> inhibitors were identified and appraised using set criteria by two independent authors who then extracted the relevant data. Six of these studies compared clopidogrel to a control group; two compared prasugrel to clopidogrel and one compared ticagrelor to clopidogrel. Combined, these studies recruited a total of 31579 female patients. Risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for a composite endpoint of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke. We then used indirect comparison analyses to compare prasugrel and ticagrelor against the control arm in their original trials. <h3>Results</h3> When compared to aspirin alone, clopidogrel was shown to be efficacious at reducing the risk of developing the composite endpoint with a RR of 0.92 (CI: 0.85–0.99, p = 0.03) (Figure 1). Additionally when compared to clopidogrel therapy, ticagrelor was shown to reduce the risk of developing the composite endpoint with a RR of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.72–0.97 p = 0.02) whilst prasugrel was shown to have a non-statistically significant benefit with a RR of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.82–1.06, p = 0.27). When indirectly comparing ticagrelor to prasugrel, a weak trend suggesting ticagrelor to be superior to prasugrel was observed with a RR of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.74–1.10), but this was not statistically significant (Figure 2). <h3>Conclusions</h3> P2Y<sub>12 </sub>inhibitors are of clinical benefit in women with CHD. Ticagrelor is superior to clopidogrel therapy, and has a possible weak trend to superiority over prasugrel in the management of female patients with CHD.
Acquired temozolomide resistance in MGMT-deficient glioblastoma cells is associated with regulation of DNA repair by DHC2 (2019)

The acquisition of temozolomide resistance is a major clinical challenge for glioblastoma treatment. Chemoresistance in glioblastoma is largely attributed to repair of temozolomide-induced DNA lesions by O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). However, some MGMT-deficient glioblastomas are still resistant to temozolomide, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We found that DYNC2H1 (DHC2) was expressed more in MGMT-deficient recurrent glioblastoma specimens and its expression strongly correlated to poor progression-free survival in MGMT promotor methylated glioblastoma patients. Furthermore, silencing DHC2, both in vitro and in vivo, enhanced temozolomide-induced DNA damage and significantly improved the efficiency of temozolomide treatment in MGMT-deficient glioblastoma. Using a combination of subcellular proteomics and in vitro analyses, we showed that DHC2 was involved in nuclear localization of the DNA repair proteins, namely XPC and CBX5, and knockdown of either XPC or CBX5 resulted in increased temozolomide-induced DNA damage. In summary, we identified the nuclear transportation of DNA repair proteins by DHC2 as a critical regulator of acquired temozolomide resistance in MGMT-deficient glioblastoma. Our study offers novel insights for improving therapeutic management of MGMT-deficient glioblastoma.
Sugar beet production, 1951: California acreage likely to be lower than last year as farmers find it more profitable to shift to other crops (1951)

California Agriculture - All Issues
NPS Cubesat Launcher-Lite Sequencer (2009)

Abstract : The purpose of this thesis is to document my activities related to designing and constructing a flight-like, payload deployment sequencer. The sequencer will be a model of the operational sequencer to be used in the NPS CubeSat Launcher (NPSCuL) project. NPSCuL is being built to address a need for domestic CubeSat launch capability and is designed to launch a significant volume of CubeSats into orbit in a single launch. The NPSCuL will be a secondary payload on U.S. launch vehicles and will be attached to the launch vehicle via the EELV (Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle) Secondary Payload Adapter (ESPA), or compatible launch vehicle structures. A small version of NPSCuL called NPSCuL-Lite will house CubeSats in up to 8?-1x1x3 (3U) Poly Pico-satellite Orbital Deployers (P-PODs) developed by the California Polytechnic State University (Cal-Poly). The sequencer's function is to issue commands and drive the circuitry to open the P-PODs in the proper sequence. The sequencer may be mounted either externally from the NPSCuL-Lite or internally. Both a functional flight-similar model, and a mass model of the correct size and CG, are required for future testing.
The developmental profile of lactoferrin in mouse epididymis (1993)

A sandwich e.l.i.s.a. method was developed to examine the distribution of lactoferrin in mouse reproductive tract. The lactoferrin concentration was found to be much higher in oviduct, uterus, vagina, vas deferens or epididymis than in serum, but the concentration in ovary, testis, seminal vesicle, prostate or coagulating gland was comparable with that in serum. The existence of lactoferrin in male sexual organs was confirmed by Western-blot analyses for tissue proteins. Lactoferrin in male sexual organs was shown to have a molecular mass similar to that of the deglycosylated form of lactoferrin purified from mouse uterine luminal fluid. Northern-blot analyses for total RNA prepared from male sexual organs indicated that only epididymis contained the lactoferrin mRNA. The lactoferrin mRNA was found in the prepubertal period and increased with the growth of epididymis. The mRNA level in prepubertal epididymis could be stimulated by 17 beta-oestradiol, but was not influenced by testosterone.
A general approach to prepare conjugated polymer dot embedded silica nanoparticles with a SiO2@CP@SiO2 structure for targeted HER2-positive cellular imaging (2013)

We report on a one-step synthesis of conjugated polymer (CP) embedded silica nanoparticles (NPs) with a SiO2@CP@SiO2 structure by combination of a precipitation method and a modified Stöber approach. Four types of CPs are employed to demonstrate the versatility of the developed strategy, yielding fluorescent silica NPs with emission across the visible spectrum. Field emission transmission electron microscopy investigation reveals that the entanglement between hydrophobic CPs and the aminopropyl groups of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane contributes to the successful encapsulation of CPs into a silica matrix. The synthesized NPs exhibit excellent physical stability and good photostability. In addition, they have amine groups on surfaces, which benefit further conjugation for biological applications. Through reaction with a peptide (GGHAHFG) that is specific to the HER2 receptor, the synthesized NPs have been successfully applied for targeted cellular imaging of HER2-overexpressed SKBR-3 breast cancer cells. Along with its high quantum yield and benign biocompatibility, the developed CP embedded silica NPs have great potential for applications in biological imaging.
Regulation of Transport of the Angiotensin AT2 Receptor by a Novel Membrane-Associated Golgi Protein (2004)

Our results indicate that ATBP50 regulates the transport of the AT2R to cell membrane by binding to a specific motif within its cytoplasmic carboxy-terminal and thereby enabling the antiproliferative effects of the receptor.
The Risk of Tumor Cell Contamination in Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Collections (1992)

Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) reinfusions are being used with increasing frequency in lieu of, or in addition to, autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) to rescue cancer patients from the myeloablative effects of high-dose chemotherapy. However, the incidence and quantity of tumor cell contamination in PBSC collections has not been widely investigated. This paper reviews the existing data and presents new information to demonstrate that tumor cells are detectable in PBSC harvests from patients with a variety of malignancies. Furthermore, their presence in peripheral blood may have prognostic and clinical significance. Areas of future research and applications for PBSC technologies are also discussed.
Efficient bit allocation for an arbitrary set of quantizers (speech coding) (1988)

A bit allocation algorithm that is capable of efficiently allocating a given quota of bits to an arbitrary set of different quantizers is proposed. This algorithm is useful in any coding scheme which uses bit allocation or, more generally, codebook allocation. It produces an optimal or very nearly optimal allocation, while allowing the set of admissible bit allocation values to be constrained to nonnegative integers. It is particularly useful in cases where the quantizer performance versus rate is irregular and changing in time, a situation that cannot be handled by conventional allocation algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The human β‐globin locus control region (2002)

The human beta-globin gene locus is the subject of intense study, and over the past two decades a wealth of information has accumulated on how tissue-specific and stage-specific expression of its genes is achieved. The data are extensive and it would be difficult, if not impossible, to formulate a comprehensive model integrating every aspect of what is currently known. In this review, we introduce the fundamental characteristics of globin locus regulation as well as questions on which much of the current research is predicated. We then outline a hypothesis that encompasses more recent results, focusing on the modification of higher-order chromatin structure and recruitment of transcription complexes to the globin locus. The essence of this hypothesis is that the locus control region (LCR) is a genetic entity highly accessible to and capable of recruiting, with great efficiency, chromatin-modifying, coactivator, and transcription complexes. These complexes are used to establish accessible chromatin domains, allowing basal factors to be loaded on to specific globin gene promoters in a developmental stage-specific manner. We conceptually divide this process into four steps: (a) generation of a highly accessible LCR holocomplex; (b) recruitment of transcription and chromatin-modifying complexes to the LCR; (c) establishment of chromatin domains permissive for transcription; (d) transfer of transcription complexes to globin gene promoters.
Clinical evaluation of a screen pneumotachograph as an in-line filter (2006)

The American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Task Force underlined that the use of in-line filters during respiratory function tests "is an area of controversy". The aim of the present study was to measure the contamination occurring during forced expiration downstream from a screen pneumotachograph (SP) with and without an in-line filter (Pall PF30S). A total of 40 healthy subjects performed eight consecutive maximal expiratory manoeuvres into four sterile apparatuses (A1: no filter, no SP; A2: filter-only; A3: SP-only; A4: filter and SP) in random order. A blood agar plate was fixed downstream from the apparatus. Colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted after 24 h incubation at 37 degrees C. Of the 40 plates obtained with each apparatus, 13 were sterile with A1 (range 0-679 CFUs), 25 with A2 (0-49 CFUs), 30 with A3 (0-35 CFUs) and 39 with A4 (one CFU in the only positive plate). A1 versus A2 and also A3 versus A4 gave different values for the CFU number, but A2 and A3 showed similar contamination levels. The authors conclude that: 1) the in-line filter does not perform better than a screen pneumotachograph; 2) it does not eliminate the need to decontaminate the pneumotachograph; and 3) equipment placed downstream from an in-line filter and a screen pneumotachograph is almost protected from contamination.
Ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors in HIV therapy (2011)

The advent of combination antiretroviral therapy has led to significant improvement in the care of HIV-infected patients. Originally designed as a protease inhibitor (PI), ritonavir is currently exclusively used as a pharmacokinetic enhancer of other protease inhibitors, predominantly due to ritonavir's potent inhibition of the cytochrome P450 3A4 isoenzyme. Ritonavir-boosting of PIs decrease pill burden and frequency of dosing. Boosted PIs are recommended for first-line therapy in treatment and play a key role in the management of treatment-experienced patients. Potential problems associated with PIs include metabolic abnormalities (e.g. dyslipidemia), increased cardiovascular risk, and drug interactions.
<i>In situ</i>measurement of moisture in soil and similar substances by `fringe' capacitance (1966)

The determination of moisture content (volume fraction) of soil and similar materials by measurements of capacitance at v.h.f. is studied, including in situ measurements made by using the `fringe' capacitance of a suitably designed probe electrode system. Results on samples of made up and natural soils with moisture contents from 0 to about 45% are shown to be independent of soil type within the limits of uncertainty resulting from variability of moisture distribution in the substances tested. There is a linear relationship between moisture content and the `fringe' capacitance from 0 to about 10% moisture. From 5 to about 45% the moisture content is a linear function of the logarithm of the `fringe' capacitance. Estimates of the numerical constants of these relationships, obtained by statistical procedures, enable calibration curves to be derived for which the variances and standard errors are calculated. Over most of the range of practical interest the standard error is approximately equal to 0.5% moisture content (volume basis). The relationships between real relative permittivity and moisture content are also derived. Brief directions for using the method, including the treatment of results of replicate tests in the field, are given.
Trinocular divergent stereo vision (1996)

This paper presents a new camera arrangement for an autonomous vehicle. This system consists of three cameras: two cameras with divergent optical axes and 4-mm wide angle lenses provide the system with an overview of the traffic scene, and a third camera with a 16-mm telelens is used to obtain more detailed information in the central field of view. In order to achieve active vision, all cameras are mounted on a pan and tilt platform, so that they can be pointed in azimuth and elevation. Two different camera models are developed and their parameters determined in an off-line automatic calibration process. Since the fields of view of the three cameras overlap, stereo triangulation is possible. A feature based approach using position trees helps to solve the correspondence problem in real time.
C-shield parylene allows major weight saving for EM shielding of microelectronics (2002)

Parylene is a conformal polymer film that has been used as a protective conformal coating for more than 25 years. It provides environmental and dielectric isolation in a variety of applications, industrial and automotive sensors, electronic circuits, hybrids, various medical substrates, and is also used extensively for corrosion protection and electrical insulation of ferrites and magnets. The most important performance specifications for a conformal coating are (1) uniformity and completeness of coverage, and (2) physical, electrical, chemical, mechanical, and barrier properties. Parylene offers significant performance capabilities in both of these areas. As a nonsolvent based coating, parylene is not affected by volatile organic compound (VOC) restrictions, and it is not implicated in the ozone depletion concerns of the Montreal Protocol and other environmental legislation. The parylene vacuum condensation process is now also capable of producing a dissipative parylene 'C-shield' that allows packaging of microelectronics with both the environmental protection offered by parylene and the dissipation of undesired stray EM radiation. This eliminates encapsulation with metal boxes and allows major cost and weight savings.
Mechanism of Stress Corrosion Cracking of Low Alloy Steel in Water (1981)

For four low alloy steels with a wide range of tensile strengths, the dynamical processes of the nucleation and propagation of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in water with various polarization conditions and in a inhibitor solution were traced with an optical microscope. The results show that if the tensile strength of the steel is higher than a critical value, which is different in the different polarization conditions, and KI &gt; KISCC the plastic zone in front of a loaded crack tip is enlarged with time, i.e., the delayed plastic deformation occurs in all the environments used. The nucleation and propagation of SCC will follow when this delayed plastic deformation develops to a critical condition. Neither anodic and cathodic polarization nor the inhibitor can change the feature of the delayed plasticity and the nucleation and propagation of SCC in water. In all the environments used, the KISCC is increased and da/dt is decreased with decreasing strength of the steel. Anodic polarization and the addition of the inhibitor make KISCC increase and da/dt decrease. But cathodic polarization is just opposite.
Proteomic profiling in human tumor derived vascular endothelial cells (HTEC) (2007)

3008 Angiogenesis plays a critical role in tumor progression. Mounting evidence suggests a distinct difference between HTEC and normal endothelial cells (EC) on mRNA and protein expression level. To investigate differences in main biological pathways of HTEC we have undertaken a proteome analysis of quiescent and VEGF-activated HTEC with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) serving as control. HTEC from ovarian carcinoma were isolated using magnetic beads coated with antibodies against CD31. For proteome profiling, cells from passages 3-5 where starved in serum and growth factor deprived medium (24hrs), incubated with 5ng/ml VEGF (6hrs) and labeled with 35S methionine/cysteine (last 2 hrs). The cytosolic fraction of the cell homogenisate was subjected to high resolution 2D gel electrophoresis. Determination of protein amount by fluorimaging was combined with determination of incorporated 35S by autoradiography. Proteins where identified by mass fingerprint analysis preparation of tryptic protein hydrolysates and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-Of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis. HTEC where morphologically similar to HUVEC, but showed a lower upregulation of CD62-E, CD54 and CD106 expression after treatment with Il-1β and TNF-α (RT-PCR and Fixed Cell ELISA). On 2D gels, over 630 spots where identified, encompassing cytoskeletal proteins, proteins involved in motility and plasticity, signal transduction, transcription, translation, regulation of apoptosis, coagulation, endocytosis, antigen presentation, detoxification and lipide, amino acid, carbohydrate and purine/pyrimidine metabolism. Whereas protein amount in quiescent and VEGF-activated EC did not differ significantly after 6 hours activation (fluorometry),synthesis profiles (incorporation of 35S) where markedly different in HTEC compared to HUVEC in quiescent as well as in VEGF activated cells. More than 250 proteins where differently expressed in quiescent state, whereas more than 150 proteins where differently expressed in VEGF activated state, respectively. Differences in synthesis rates encompassed a wide variety of proteins (e.g. Annexins, chloride and potassium channel proteins, Copine 1, α-Enolases, Ezrin, Heat Shock Proteins, S100 Calcium binding protein, Stress 70 Protein, Tubulins, Vinculin). These results show a distinct and permanent change in the protein expression pattern of tumor vascular endothelial cells. These changes are possibly responsible for abnormalities of the tumor vasculature and may lead to the development of new strategies for antiangiogenic therapies.
The rotary subwoofer: A controllable infrasound source (2009)

The rotary subwoofer is a novel acoustic transducer capable of projecting infrasonic signals at high sound pressure levels. The projector produces higher acoustic particle velocities than conventional transducers which translate into higher radiated sound pressure levels. This paper characterizes measured performance of a rotary subwoofer and presents a model to predict sound pressure levels.
Purification of Chick Interferon by Zinc Chelate Affinity Chromatography and Sodium Dodecylsulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (1985)

An improved purification method for chick interferon from the allantoic fluid of embryonated chick eggs is described. Interferon prepurified by perchloric acid treatment, zinc acetate precipitation, and chromatography on SP-Sephadex C-25 was further enriched by column chromatography on zinc chelate. Analysis on sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the interferon preparation with a specific activity of 8 X 10(5) units/mg protein shows that the major antiviral activity migrated in a broad band in the range of 20-29 kD molecular weight. Several protein bands were stainable with Coomassie blue and silver nitrate in this molecular weight range. Between 80 and 95% of the total protein charged to the gel could be removed from the interferon containing fractions by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.