gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Intelligent Microwave Oven with Thermal Imaging and Temperature Recommendation Using Deep Learning (2020)

Whenever food in a microwave oven is heated, the user estimates the time to heat. This estimation can be incorrect, leading the food to be too hot or still cold. In this research, an intelligent microwave oven is designed. After the food is put into the microwave oven and the door is closed, it captures the image of the food, classifies the image and then suggests the food’s target temperature by learning from previous experiences, so the user does not have to recall the target food temperature each time the same food is warmed. The temperature of the food is measured using a thermal camera. The proposed microwave incorporates a display to show a real-time colored thermal image of the food. The microwave automatically stops the heating when the temperature of the food hits the target temperature using closed-loop control. The deep learning-based image classifier gradually learns the type of foods that are consumed in that household and becomes smarter in temperature recommendation. The system can classify and recommend target temperature with 93% accuracy. A prototype is developed using a microcontroller-based system and successfully tested.
Risk Assessment for and Strategies To Reduce Perioperative Pulmonary Complications for Patients Undergoing Noncardiothoracic Surgery: A Guideline from the American College of Physicians (2006)

Postoperative pulmonary complications play an important role in the risk for patients undergoing noncardiothoracic surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications are as prevalent as cardiac complications and contribute similarly to morbidity, mortality, and length of stay. Pulmonary complications may even be more likely than cardiac complications to predict long-term mortality after surgery. The purpose of this guideline is to provide guidance to clinicians on clinical and laboratory predictors of perioperative pulmonary risk before noncardiothoracic surgery. It also evaluates strategies to reduce the perioperative pulmonary risk and focuses on atelectasis, pneumonia, and respiratory failure. The target audience for this guideline is general internists or other clinicians involved in perioperative management of surgical patients. The target patient population is all adult persons undergoing noncardiothoracic surgery.
The Situation of Medical Support for Ethiopian Victims of Droughtiness (1986)

The Japanese medical support was given to Ethiopian victims of droughtiness, as the results:The decrease of death rate was recognized by our various treatment and medical service. The cause of death on inpatients ranked first dehydration and malnutrition, secondly relapsing fever and thirdly bacterial dysentery. Most of patients had some complications such as dehydration, kwashiokor and marasmus.Four handred families of victims that were chosen at random were taken the questionaire investigation. The cause of suffering was the hunger with drought. The term of wandering for food, water, clothes and medicine was thirty to sixty days on the average.We must consider that the essence on medical support is not only medical treatment but also the relief of human. So we must understand their cultural background such as ethics and sense of worth and morals especially religion.
Design, construction and characterisation of ECT sensors with rectangular planar coils (2004)

The design, construction and characterisation of eddy current sensors with rectangular planar coils is reported in the present paper. The rectangular planar coils have a maximum testing area of 2.25 cm 2 and an output impedance compatible with the input impedance of normal commercial equipment: (5-200) Ω. The design was based on a simple semi-empirical model, with which coil impedances can be estimated, but not the fields associated with them. Two different windings have been studied and their performance for crack detection and material sorting through resistivity assessment is discussed here. Afrequency range between (0.4 and 2.0) MHz was selected for crack inspection. Signals showing good amplitude discrimination and rather poor phase discrimination were observed. For material sorting, a resistivity standard set from Zetec and a series of Zircaloy-4 samples with increasing hydrogen content were used. The best results were those for high resistivity materials in the frequency range 0.3-1.0 MHz. The advantages of these probes are: elimination of end effect in the inspection of edge cracks, good performance in the resistivity measurement at high frequencies, high sensitivity to crazing and other shallow imperfections, and the fact that any number of identical planar coils can be made from a single photographic negative. The probes' weak points are: low inductance values and coil assembling difficulties because of the unwanted signals that unstable probe stands can produce.
Bidirectional pixel based focusingin conventional B-mode ultrasound imaging (1998)

The authors propose an all point transmit and receive focusing algorithm which combines transmit synthetic focusing and receive dynamic focusing in conventional B-mode imaging systems. Transmit focusing is synthesised using the RF data of each scanline, together with all other relevant scanline data previously stored. Computer simulation shows that the proposed method has better lateral resolution and higher SNR than conventional focusing methods at all imaging depth points.
Nanomechanics using an ultra-small amplitude AFM (2001)

A new type of AFM is presented which allows for direct measurements of nanomechanical properties in ultra-high vacuum and liquid environments. The AFM is also capable to atomic-scale imaging of force gradients. This is achieved by vibrating a stiff lever at very small amplitudes of less than 1 Å (peak-to-peak) at a sub-resonance amplitude. This linearizes the measurement and makes the interpretation of the data straight-forward. At the atomic scale, interaction force gradients are measured which are consistent with the observation of single atomic bonds. Also, atomic scale damping is observed which rapidly rises with the tip-sample separation. A mechanism is proposed to explain this damping in terms of atomic relaxation in the tip. We also present recent results in water where we were able to measure the mechanical response due to the molecular ordering of water close to an atomically flat surface. © 2001 Materials Research Society.
Radiological assessment of prolapsed disc. (1991)

Low back pain is an extremely common disorder, usually self-limiting and not requiring investigation or treatment. The correct approach to investigation results in the lowest radiation dose to the patient and the right diagnosis. There are many imaging techniques available and some traditional techniques are now of questionable value. The best approach to imaging is discussed, along with some common appearances.
Velocity and frequency filtering of seismic data using laser light (1965)

Abstract When coherent light from a laser beam is passed through a transparent reduction of a variable-density or variable-area record section, the seismic signal acts as an optical grating to produce a diffraction pattern which is the two-dimensional Fourier transform of the section itself. With suitable lenses the diffraction pattern can be converted back into an image of the original section. By obstructing portions of the pattern corresponding to particular frequencies or dips on the section, one can remove such frequencies or dips from the reconstructed image. The equipment developed is described. Applications include removal of multiple reflections, elimination of noise which consists of traveling events having different apparent velocities from the reflections, removal of diffractions or their enhancement to delineate faults, and attenuation or elimination of ringing in marine shooting.
Technical Features (1985)

Hard Times its distinctive shape or form from at least three different elements that may be described as structural principles. The first is that of plot: the arrangement of actions in a way that reflects cause and effect as well as chronology. Thus Louisa's marriage leads to her cold treatment of her husband and eventually their separation; Tom's gambling leads to crime, detection and punishment. On another level, the novel is structured by the ideas for which it is a vehicle: the antithesis between 'fact' and 'fancy', the school and the circus, calculation and instinct, self-seeking and compassion, belongs to the realm of moral and ethical ideas, though – since this is a novel and not a treatise – it is constantly presented in concrete and dramatic form, through contrasts of setting, character, behaviour and speech. Thirdly, there is a less obvious but powerful principle of structure that is associated more readily with poetry and poetic drama, such as Shakespearean tragedy, than with fiction, but which Dickens was by this stage in his career using with great skill and to great effect. This is the deployment of images and symbols, some of them recurring throughout the book and therefore helping to give it unity. In this section we shall be mainly concerned with the first of these elements, that of 'plot'. The second has been examined in the previous chapter, and the third is discussed in Section 4.4, below.
Planning City-Wide Package Distribution Schemes Using Crowdsourced Public Transportation Systems (2018)

Due to the rapid development of online retailers, there is a great demand for package express shipping services, which causes traffic congestion, resource consumption, and environmental pollution (e.g., carbon emission). However, there is still a large amount of under-utilized capacity in the public transportation systems during off-peak hours. In this paper, we investigate the same-day package distribution using crowdsourced public transportation systems (CPTSs). Specifically, given a number of packages and the timetable of available CPTSs trips, we optimize the schemes of delivering the packages using the under-utilized capacity of the CPTS trips, without impacting the quality of passenger experience. To estimate the amount of under-utilized capacity of each trip across any two adjacent stations, we propose the passenger transit model based on the history data. To assign the under-utilized capacity of each trip to the package deliveries, we develop the minimum limitation delivery (MLD) method, which only utilizes the minimum amount of under-utilized capacity of the whole trip to deliver packages. However, the available capacity is not fully utilized at most stations by MLD. Therefore, we further propose the adaptive limitation delivery (ALD) method, which loads as many packages as possible, until the volume of loaded packages reaches the available capacity in theory. The experimental results and theoretical analysis show that both MLD and ALD could distribute packages efficiently. Moreover, given a set of packages, scheduling of ALD only consumes about 67% time compared to the scheduling of MLD, with a little higher risk of impacting passengers.
The application guide of mixed programming between MATLAB and other programming languages (2010)

The advantages and disadvantages about MATLAB are described in this paper. Several methods of mixed programming between MATLAB and other programming languages such as VC, VB and VC# are presented, including using MATLAB Compiler, MATLAB Engine, the third-party software Matcom, MATLAB Builder for .net to build COM component, MATLAB Visual Add-in and other methods. Finally analysis and suggestions about the occasion adopting these methods are put forward.
Design of RM-nc: a reconfigurable neurocomputer for massively parallel-pipelined computations (2003)

The design of RM-nc, a reconfigurable machine for massively parallel-pipelined computations, is considered with the objective of demonstrating that a completely reconfigurable platform, not only in the domain of communication and control but also in the domain of processing elements (PEs), is feasible. The implementation of a fast computational element and control environment for neural network simulations is presented in order to assess the cost of providing reconfigurability at computational level. The implementation of a fast floating-point sum-of-products circuit using special carry-save multipliers and extensive pipelining is outlined on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) platform. It is shown that the flexibility of FPGA devices can contribute to achieving good time/hardware performance when far less complex neurons are sufficient for simulation of a given neural network model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Luminescent organo‐polysiloxanes containing complexed lanthanide ions (2009)

Abstract In this study, a type of polysiloxane with the ester as the functional side group was prepared via a hydrosilylation reaction. The functionalized polysiloxane was then allowed to complex with Tb 3+ and Eu 3+ ions. Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet absorption spectra and 1 H‐NMR, 13 C‐NMR and 29 Si‐NMR spectra were used to confirm the modification. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravity analysis were used to study the polysiloxane's thermal properties. The complexes' luminescence spectra were recorded, and narrow‐width green and red emissions were achieved. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic, reliability-driven scheduling of parallel real-time jobs in heterogeneous systems (2001)

In this paper, a heuristic dynamic scheduling scheme for parallel real-time jobs in a heterogeneous system is presented. The parallel real-time jobs studied in this paper are modelled by directed acyclic graphs (DAG). We assume a scheduling environment where parallel real-time jobs arrive at a heterogeneous system following a Poisson process. The scheduling algorithms developed in this paper take the reliability measure into account, in order to enhance the reliability of the heterogeneous system without any additional hardware cost. In addition, scheduling time and dispatch time are both incorporated into our scheduling scheme so as to make the scheduling result more realistic and precise. Admission control is in place so that a parallel real-time job whose deadline cannot be guaranteed is rejected by the system. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated via extensive simulations. The simulation results show that the heuristic algorithm performs significantly better than two other algorithms that do not consider reliability cost. Furthermore, results suggest that shortening the scheduling time results in a higher guarantee ratio. Hence, if parallel scheduling algorithm is devised and employed to shorten the scheduling time, the performance of the heterogeneous system will be further enhanced.
Advances in Mechanical Ventilation (2001)

The chief reason that patients are admitted to an intensive care unit is to receive ventilatory support. In this article, I update the basic principles of mechanical ventilation, which I reviewed in the Journal in 1994,1 and discuss recent advances.Basic PrinciplesThe indications for mechanical ventilation, as derived from a study of 1638 patients in eight countries,2 are acute respiratory failure (66 percent of patients), coma (15 percent), acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (13 percent), and neuromuscular disorders (5 percent). The disorders in the first group include the acute respiratory distress syndrome, heart failure, pneumonia, sepsis, complications . . .
Computational Systems Bioinformatics and Bioimaging for Pathway Analysis and Drug Screening (2008)

The premise of today's drug development is that the mechanism of a disease is highly dependent upon underlying signaling and cellular pathways. Such pathways are often composed of complexes of physically interacting genes, proteins, or biochemical activities coordinated by metabolic intermediates, ions, and other small solutes and are investigated with molecular biology approaches in genomics, proteomics, and metabonomics. Nevertheless, the recent declines in the pharmaceutical industry's revenues indicate such approaches alone may not be adequate in creating successful new drugs. Our observation is that combining methods of genomics, proteomics, and metabonomics with techniques of bioimaging will systematically provide powerful means to decode or better understand molecular interactions and pathways that lead to disease and potentially generate new insights and indications for drug targets. The former methods provide the profiles of genes, proteins, and metabolites, whereas the latter techniques generate objective, quantitative phenotypes correlating to the molecular profiles and interactions. In this paper, we describe pathway reconstruction and target validation based on the proposed systems biologic approach and show selected application examples for pathway analysis and drug screening.
Bonica's Management of Pain (2001)

SECTION HEADINGS BASIC CONSIDERATIONS ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, LEGAL, AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS EVALUATION OF THE PAIN PATIENT PAIN CONDITIONS Neuropathic Pain Syndromes Psychological Contributions to Pain Vascular, Cutaneous, and Musculoskeletal Pains Pain Due to Cancer Acute Pain Pain in Special Populations Visceral Pain Regional Pain Low Back Pain METHODS FOR SYMPTOMATIC CONTROL Pharmacologic Therapies Psychological Techniques Physical and Other Noninterventional Therapeutics Implanted Electrical Stimulators Interventional Pain Management Surgical Approaches PROVISION OF PAIN TREATMENT
An indoor navigation architecture using variable data sources for blind and visually impaired persons (2018)

Contrary to outdoor positioning and navigation systems, there isn't a counterpart global solution for indoor environments. Usually, the deployment of an indoor positioning system must be adapted case by case, according to the infrastructure and the objective of the localization. A particularly delicate case is related with persons who are blind or visually impaired. A robust and easy to use indoor navigation solution would be extremely useful, but this would also be particularly difficult to develop, given the special requirements of the system that would have to be more accurate and user friendly than a general solution. This paper presents a contribute to this subject, by proposing a hybrid indoor positioning system adaptable to the surrounding indoor structure, and dealing with different types of signals to increase accuracy. This would permit lower the deployment costs, since it could be done gradually, beginning with the likely existing Wi-Fi infrastructure to get a fairy accuracy up to a high accuracy using visual tags and NFC tags when necessary and possible.
Flexible Ureteroscopy for Upper Ureteral Calculi in Children (2011)

Complete stone clearance after single ureteroscopy is possible if the calculi are single, small (<10 mm), and below the level of the pelviureteral junction.
Lithium vanadium bronze thin films for electrochromic applications (1997)

Thin films of fine grained polycrystalline stoichiometric vanadium pentoxide (85% of bulk density) have been prepared by vacuum evaporation. These films have been made into lithium vanadium bronze, LixV2O5, by inserting lithium, either electrochemically or chemically. In addition, lithium vanadium bronze thin films have been prepared by co-evaporation of Li and V2O5. The optical properties, absorption and refractive index, have been measured from 2000 to about 200 nm. Strong absorption arises from indirect transitions across the main gap and is ≈2.2 eV for x=0. The variation of the energy gap up to an x value of 2 has been obtained from the absorption data and the importance of irreversible phase changes noted. High x value bronze is useful as a counter electrode material in glazings, having an energy gap of about 3 eV. There is a considerable, technologically significant, band tail in the absorption spectrum thought to arise from polaronic-type states, perhaps modified by the presence of guest species ions. The optical behavior upon lithium electrochemical insertion has also been examined. It is found that nonstoichiometry gives rise to an overall reduction in optical change per guest atom inserted. These effects are fast compared with electrochemical insertion times.
Dopamine‐receptor autoradiography of human narcoleptic brain (1992)

Although the pathology of human narcolepsy is unknown, studies of human and canine narcolepsy have suggested that dopamine metabolism may be disturbed. We used quantitative autoradiography to assess dopamine D1- and D2-receptor binding in basal ganglia and amygdala of five narcoleptic and 17 control human brains. In caudate, narcoleptic brains had a statistically significant increase of 57% in D1-receptor binding, and large but not significant increases of 54% in medial globus pallidus D1 binding, 63% in caudate D2-receptor binding, 95% in lateral globus pallidus D2 binding, and 93% in lateral amygdala D2 binding. We found no major changes in the putamen or in the basal or accessory basal nuclei of the amygdala. These results suggest that narcolepsy is associated with upregulation of dopamine receptors in specific areas of the brain, although medications used prior to death may have contributed to the findings.
Present and Future of Probiotics in Germany and in Central Europe (1997)

The present situation in Europe can be characterized by a very diversified and expanding market for probiotics. Several species offer themselves for use as probiotics depending on stability requirements, such as well known lactobacilli, enterococci, and spore forming strains. In recent time, efforts can be recognized to introduce L. reuteri for application in animal nutrition and in dairy products. Effects of probiotics in man and animals must be demonstrated very convincingly in the field of animal husbandry, not so rigorously at the pharmaceutical sector and only facultatively in the field of food applications, due to requirements in German and EC legislated regulations. Safety aspects will be regulated especially in the field of animal nutrition by a very restrictive guideline from the Brussels authorities, in the field of pharmaceuticals by the national registration bodies and in the food area by the responsibility of the producers and the distributors based on food legislation regulations. If probiotic cultures will be used in food in Germany it is forbidden to propagate special health aspects with the probiotic ingredient of the product. That is not so strictly the case in the neighbouring countries. There is a controversary discussion going on in Germany if health claims or the term “good for health” contains advertisement like for a pharmaceutical specimen. The propagation which might be accepted up to now seems to be “wellness of the human being”.