gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphoinositide Metabolism and Hormone Action* (1983)

PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL (PI), polyphosphoinositides (PPI), and other phospholipids in the phosphatidate-inositide cycle comprise only approximately 10% of total cellular phospholipids, but their turnover and chemical properties enable the inositides and related phospholipids to serve as important intracellular mediators in hormone and neurotransmitter action. Awareness of the rapidity of PI turnover dates back nearly 30 years to the pioneering work of the Hokins (1–3), who first observed this “phospholipid effect” during secretagogue action in the pancreas. During the past decade, there has been a flurry of investigative effort to further characterize and understand the biological significance of PI turnover; as a result, many hormones and neurotransmitters have been found to influence PI metabolism, new mechanisms for increasing PI turnover have been elucidated, and new insights have been developed concerning the role of PI turnover in a number of biological responses. Although the role of PI metabolism in hormone and neurotransmitter action has been the subject of several recent reviews (4–9), the present review will contrast several of the more important mechanisms that underlie changes in inositide turnover, and focus on one mechanism that has recently come to light from studies of ACTH action.
A visual query language for identifying temporal trends in video data (2002)

Video is becoming a popular medium for data collection. The challenge of analyzing video data is to abstract and conclude quantitative results from such a rich, qualitative medium. The focus of our research is to support video analysis by developing a user-friendly interactive visualization environment to query video data using spatio-temporal characteristics and to review visual results for trend analysis. We present our approach for identifying temporal trends in video data via querying for relationships between video annotations. Our approach allows users to analyze the video in terms of temporal relationships between events (e.g., events of type B frequently follow events of type A). We present a temporal visual query language for specifying relative temporal queries between sets of annotations. This query language builds on the notion of dynamic query filters and significantly extends them with temporal query support. It is tailored for temporal analysis-allowing users to pose queries as well as to browse the data in a temporally continuous manner, thereby aiding them in the discovery of temporal trends.
A theoretical photocathode emittance model including temperature and field effects (2007)

A recently developed model of emittance & brightness of photocathode based on "moments" of the electron emission distribution is extended here to non-zero temperatures and fields. Temperature impacts scattering and affects quantum efficiency. Fields affect emission probability and are important in the presence of low-work function coatings characteristic of cesiated dispenser photocathodes under development. Extensions of theoretical models are given, followed by analysis of their comparison with numerical simulations of the intrinsic emittance and brightness of a photocathode. The methodology is designed to facilitate development of photoemission models into comprehensive particle-in-cell (PIC) to address variation in surface coverage and topology.
Gene Therapy for Brain Tumors (2018)

This chapter discusses the molecular biology of gene therapy and its application to the clinical research on treatments for primary and metastatic brain tumors. Gene therapy as a potential treatment of cancer has exploded onto the forefront of medicine. Depending upon the mode of action of the gene that is inserted into the tumor, a different treatment approach may be indicated. glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors infiltrate into the surrounding brain parenchyma, successfully avoiding complete surgical resection and complicating radiotherapy. The number and type of metastatic brain tumors generally follow the incidence of systemic cancers in the general population, with lung, breast, and colorectal cancers being the most common. In the brain, the tumor is the most mitotically active cell; macrophage-derived cells, blood cells, and endothelial cells are only minimally mitotic. There are several disadvantages to the use of adenoviral vectors in the brain.
Oxydation d'un alliage aluminium-magnésium à l'état liquide : méthodologie de détermination des mécanismes à partir d'essais non nécessairement reproductibles (1998)

@L'objet de ce travail etait l'etude de l'oxydation d'un alliage aluminium-5% magnesium a l'etat liquide sous oxygene, par analyse thermogravimetrique, en s'appuyant sur celle du magnesium a l'etat solide. Dans la plupart des cas, la vitesse absolue d'une reaction est proportionnelle au produit de la reactivite de croissance et de la fonction d'espace caracterisant les dimensions des zones reactionnelles mises en jeu dans le mecanisme de croissance. Nous avons verifie que c'est le cas de la reaction etudiee ici c'est-a-dire la formation de l'oxyde de magnesium. Les mecanismes de formation de la magnesie dependent de la pression partielle d'oxygene fixee dans l'enceinte reactionnelle, l'allure des courbes cinetiques ainsi que les morphologies des oxydes formes etant tres differentes selon la pression d'oxygene. Sous de faibles pressions partielles, la reaction a lieu en phase gaz apres evaporation du magnesium. Dans le cas de l'alliage, un mecanisme de formation de l'oxyde en phase gaz a ete propose. Ce modele permet de rendre compte de l'influence de la pression partielle sur la vitesse de formation par unite de surface d'evaporation de la magnesie. Dans le domaine de fortes pressions d'oxygene et pour le magnesium solide, une modelisation physico-chimique decrivant les mecanismes de croissance de la magnesie et prevoyant l'evolution au cours du temps de la fonction d'espace a ete proposee et validee par confrontation aux resultats experimentaux. Dans le cas de l'alliage, les courbes cinetiques obtenues dans des conditions isothermes et isobares se sont revelees non reproductibles. Une methodologie d'etude, basee sur l'utilisation de la methode des decrochements, a rendu possible la modelisation de la croissance de l'oxyde. En effet, cette methode a permis de determiner l'origine de la non reproductibilite des courbes cinetiques, a savoir l'evolution aleatoire de la fonction d'espace, et d'obtenir les variations de la reactivite de croissance avec la pression d'oxygene. En nous appuyant sur la modelisation proposee pour le magnesium, nous avons propose un modele physico-chimique decrivant les mecanismes de croissance de l'oxyde et rendant compte de l'influence de la pression d'oxygene.
Symmetric, transitive, geometric deformation and intensity variation invariant nonrigid image registration (2005)

Non-rigid registration of medical images is often posed as an algorithmic problem. While algorithms are important, it is equally critical to investigate non-rigid registration axiomatically: what properties should a registration algorithm possess and how do these properties influence the objective functions of the registration algorithms? In this paper, we present four possible properties that a non-rigid registration algorithm may possess: symmetry, transitivity, geometric deformation invariance, and intensity variation invariance. We also investigate the theoretical and practical implications of these properties, and propose a new non-rigid registration algorithm that provably satisfies these properties. We present experimental results of the use of this algorithm on cardiac and brain images to show that it satisfies the above properties with a very small numerical error.
High Frequency Behavior of Long and Small Junctions (1990)

Abstract : This research consisted of studies of the fundamentals and applications of long Josephson Junctions and very small junctions, all fabricated out of NbN. We have developed technology for fabricating by reactive sputtering high quality long Josephson junctions with current densities of 100- 1,000 A/sq cm Such junctions were used for studies of giant steps on the I-V curve caused by fluxon pinning and of macroscopic quantum tunneling down to 15 mK. A new system, a long Josephson junction biased at Fiske steps, is presented for studies of Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling. Our results show applications of fluxons in long Josephson junctions for Fluxon Oscillator, Voltage Standard, and for observing Macroscopic Coherent Tunneling. We, have also studied very small NbN junctions fabricated with a STM where single electron tunneling is observed. We were the first to present such tunneling at room temperature; this is important for applications. Students and postdoctoral fellows were involved in this research.
Phase transitions in plutonium: new insights from diffraction (2000)

We are using the techniques of neutron and x-ray powder diffraction to learn more about the driving forces for structural transformations in Pu metal. This research is currently being conducted in three areas: (1) understanding the low melting point of Pu, (2) measuring the intergranular stresses that arise in solid-solid phase transitions of Pu, and (3) determining whether the idiosyncratic crystal structures of Pu are stabilized by Pu atoms in different valence states at different crystallographic sites.
Update on Time-of-Flight PET Imaging (2014)

Time-of-flight (TOF) PET was initially introduced in the early days of PET. The TOF PET scanners developed in the 1980s had limited sensitivity and spatial resolution, were operated in 2-dimensional mode with septa, and used analytic image reconstruction methods. The current generation of TOF PET scanners has the highest sensitivity and spatial resolution ever achieved in commercial whole-body PET, is operated in fully-3-dimensional mode, and uses iterative reconstruction with full system modeling. Previously, it was shown that TOF provides a gain in image signal-to-noise ratio that is proportional to the square root of the object size divided by the system timing resolution. With oncologic studies being the primary application of PET, more recent work has shown that in modern TOF PET scanners there is an improved tradeoff between lesion contrast, image noise, and total imaging time, leading to a combination of improved lesion detectability, reduced scan time or injected dose, and more accurate and precise lesion uptake measurement. Because the benefit of TOF PET is also higher for heavier patients, clinical performance is more uniform over all patient sizes.
The Enteric Parasite Entamoeba Uses an Autocrine Catecholamine System during Differentiation into the Infectious Cyst Stage (2002)

Enteric amoebae of the genus Entamoeba travel from host to host in an encysted form. We previously showed that in vitro cyst development of Entamoeba invadens requires the addition of defined amounts of multivalent galactose-terminated molecules, such as mucin, to the cultures. The amoeba surface lectin that binds mucin is presumed to convey transmembrane signals when clustered by the ligand, but the signaling molecules that function downstream of the lectin are not known. We report here that Entamoeba encystation was induced in the absence of galactose ligand when catecholamines were added to the encystation medium. Micromolar amounts of both epinephrine and norepinephrine induced encystation. Of a variety of synthetic catecholamine agonists tested, only beta(1)-adrenergic receptor agonists supported encystation, whereas alpha- and beta(2)-adrenergic receptor agonists did not. Only beta(1)-adrenergic receptor antagonists inhibited encystation, and did so even when exogenous catecholamines were not added, indicating that catecholamine binding is required for encystation and suggesting an endogenous source of the ligand. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of Entamoeba extracts showed that the amoebae themselves contain catecholamines and at least one of these is released when the cells are stimulated to encyst with galactose-terminated ligands. The presence of catecholamine binding sites on the surface of amoeba trophozoites was confirmed using radiolabeled catecholamine antagonist. Amoeba encystment was inhibited by addition of beta(1)-adrenergic receptor antagonist to cells that were stimulated to differentiate with either galactose ligand or catecholamines, but not with dibutyryl cAMP. This suggests that the amoeba catecholamine receptor functions downstream of the galactose lectin and upstream of adenylyl cyclase. This enteric protozoan parasite, therefore, contains the components of an autocrine catecholamine ligand-receptor system that may act in conjunction with a galactose lectin to regulate differentiation into the infectious cyst stage.
A case of bronchial mucous gland adenoma with obstructive pneumonia. (1996)

症例は54歳, 男性.咳嗽・喀痰を主訴に近医を受診し, 胸部X線写真にて異常陰影を指摘されたため, 精査目的で当院に入院となる.気管支鏡にて, 右B3aを高度に狭窄する表面平滑な腫瘤を認め, 胸部X線写真では同部の狭窄による肺炎様陰影を認めた.右上葉切除を施行し腫瘍は病理組織学的にbronchial mucous gland adenomaと診断された.術後経過は順調で, 術後5ヵ月現在再発なく健在である.本腫瘍は極めて稀な気管支の腫瘍であり, ここに報告する.
PACIFIC HARBOR SEAL (PHOCA VITULINA RICHARDSI) WITH MENINGOENCEPHALOMYELITIS (2001)

Two species of protozoans were isolated from a harbor seal with fatal meninogoencephalitis. Serologic reactivity was detected to both Sarcocystis neurona and Toxoplasma gondii. Parasites associated with brain inflammation and necrosis reacted only with immunohistochemical stains utilizing polyclonal antisera raised against Sarcocystis neurona. However, 2 distinct parasites were observed in cell cultures derived from the seal's brain tissue. These parasites were separated by mouse passage and limiting dilution. Purified zoites from 1 isolate (HS 1) reacted strongly with polyclonal antiserum to S. neurona and with the harbor seal's own serum (1:2,560 for each) on indirect immunofluorescent antibody tests (IFAT), but weakly to antisera to T. gondii and Neospora caninum (1:40). Zoites from the second isolate (HS2) reacted positively with T. gondii polyclonal antiserum (1:81,920) and with the harbor seal's own serum (1:640), but weakly to S. neurona and N. caninum antisera (1:80 or less). Amplification and sequence analysis of protozoal DNA encoding portions of the 18s ribosomal RNA (18s rDNA) and the adjacent first internal transcribed spacer (ITS 1) were performed for both isolates, and resulting sequences were compared to those from similar protozoans. Based on molecular characterization, parasite morphology, serologic reactivity, histology, and immunohisto- chemistry, HS1 was indistinguishable from S. neurona, and HS2 was indistinguishable from T. gondii.
Throwing Power of Electropainting (1969)

われわれはニ, 三の定電圧電着実験より, つきまわり性について考察し, パイプテスト法における塗装面の長さThcmは次式で近似されることを見出した。Th2= (α/L) ・ (R/ρ) = (α/L) ・E/ (ρ・i) ここにα (cm2) : 鋼管の (電力線の浸入する) 断面積L (cm) : 陰極に面している陽極面の一辺; (塗装面の底辺) ρ (Ω・cm) : 塗装液の比抵抗R (Ω・cm2) : R=.E/iE (volt) : 印加電圧i (A/cm2) : 鋼管内面の塗装面の長さがThcmになったとき, 鋼管の外におかれた平板の陽極に流れる電流密度ついで, Th-α, Th-L, Th-Rの関係を求め, 実測値Thが誘導した近似式による計算値とよく一致することを確めた。
Gene flow from imidazolinone-resistant domesticated sunflower to wild relatives (2003)

Gene flow from imidazolinone (IMI)-resistant domestic sunflower to IMI-susceptible common sunflower and prairie sunflower was studied. Under greenhouse conditions, pollen from IMI-resistant domesticated sunflower was applied to flower heads of IMI-susceptible common and prairie sunflower. In addition, field studies were conducted in 2000 and 2001 near Manhattan, KS, to evaluate IMI-resistant gene flow from IMI-resistant domesticated sunflower to common and prairie sunflower under natural conditions. Common and prairie sunflower were planted in concentric circles at distances of 2.5, 5, 15, and 30 m around a densely planted IMI-resistant domesticated sunflower species. For both greenhouse and field studies, IMI-resistant gene flow was determined by treating the progeny of both wild species with 40 g ai ha −1 of imazamox. Greenhouse crosses made by hand showed that 94% of common sunflower and 79% of prairie sunflower were resistant or moderately resistant. The resistant plants were allowed to grow in the greenhouse and were backcrossed with the corresponding susceptible wild parents. Progeny of the backcross showed a 1:1 ratio of resistant to susceptible plants. In the field, gene flow was detected up to 30 m from the pollen source for both species, and it decreased as distance from the pollen source increased. In 2000, 11 to 22% of the progeny were resistant at 2.5 m from the pollen source and 0.3 to 5% were resistant at 30 m. In 2001, the number of resistant progeny did not exceed 7 and 2% at 2.5 and 30 m from the pollen source, respectively. The results of this study showed that IMI-resistant domesticated sunflower outcrosses with common and prairie sunflower over distances typically encountered near production fields. Also, backcrosses of resistant hybrids with wild parents are successful, further increasing the potential for the spread of IMI-resistant feral sunflowers.
Thermal Properties of Soft Nanomaterials: Thermal Measurement Design (2014)

Soft materials like hydrogels have multiple tunable material properties because of their unique structures. Due to the ability to respond to stimuli like temperature or chemical environment, they have numerous applications in different fields like delivering drugs inside the human body and other medical uses. Details of the thermal transport mechanisms, as well as the overall thermal properties, are critical for a variety of applications. Multi-property measurements elucidate the underlying transport mechanisms in the soft materials. This research demonstrates a new methodology of measuring thermal properties of soft materials. This work uses the 3ω method [1,2] for measuring the thermal conductivity of soft hydrogels. In the 3ω method, heat is generated in thin heater line excited by a sinusoidal current at a frequency of ω. We measure the voltage response at the third harmonic of the input frequency (3ω). This response is related to the temperature rise and thus the thermal properties. Once the measurement technique is optimized, PVA-PVP hydrogels are tested. Using a 2D mathematical model of the heat transfer, the thermal conductivities of soft material are calculated from the experimental data. Based on the methodology built during this research, this technique is available now for other
The ecosystems SAR (EcoSAR) an airborne P-band polarimetric InSAR for the measurement of vegetation structure, biomass and permafrost (2014)

EcoSAR is a new synthetic aperture radar (SAR) instrument being developed at the NASA/ Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) for the polarimetric and interferometric measurements of ecosystem structure and biomass. The instrument uses a phased-array beamforming architecture and supports full polarimetric measurements and single pass interferometry. This Instrument development is part of NASA's Earth Science Technology Office Instrument Incubator Program (ESTO IIP).
Decision making in the LDA space: generalised gradient direction metric (2004)

We consider the problem of face authentication in the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) space and investigate the effect of different scoring functions on the performance of the authentication system. First the theory of optimal metric for measuring the similarity between a pair of face images presented in J. Kittler et al. (2000) is extended to cope with general class specific covariance structures. The resulting gradient metric is experimentally compared with the commonly used normalised correlation and the original gradient metric. The merit of global and client specific thresholding is also investigated. The study is performed on the BANCA database [E. Bailly-Bailliere et al., 2003] using internationally agreed experimental protocols. The results suggest that the novel metric is superior in scenarios where the quality of input face data is comparable to the quality of data used for determining the LDA space. In other cases, the weaker model deploying the isotropic covariance matrix in working out the gradient direction is preferable.
A Bootstrapping Algorithm for Automatically Harvesting Semantic Relations (2006)

In this paper, we present Espresso, a weakly-supervised iterative algorithm combined with a web-based knowledge expansion technique, for extracting binary semantic relations. Given a small set of seed instances for a particular relation, the system learns lexical patterns, applies them to extract new instances, and then uses the Web to filter and expand the instances. Preliminary experiments show that Espresso extracts highly precise lists of a wide variety of semantic relations when compared with two state of the art systems. 1.
Cholinergic neurogenic vasodilatation is mediated by nitric oxide in the dog hindlimb (1994)

Vasodilatation in the dog hindlimb evoked by activation of cholinergic nerves involves the synthesis of NO; however the source of this NO remains to be determined.
El parque de Yuncos como espacio educativo y recreativo (2007)

Resumen basado en el del proyecto. Premiado en la convocatoria: Premios para proyectos de innovacion concluidos durante el curso 2006-2007, en los centros educativos no universitarios sostenidos con fondos publicos de la Comunidad Autonoma de Castilla-La Mancha (Orden 30-01-2008, de la Consejeria de Educacion y Ciencia de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha. Resolucion de 15-05-2009, de la Viceconsejeria de Educacion)
Interleukin-3 (1991)

IL-3 is a T-cell-derived hematopoietin. This cytokine stimulates the growth of multipotential progenitor cells and is therefore of clinical interest for the therapy of pancytopenic processes. Both in vitro and animal studies suggest that the development and maturation of multiple lineages of blood cells can best be achieved by combining IL-3 with other growth factors. IL-3 may therefore act to expand a primitive pool of precursor cells, and the presence of additional factors may aid in the differentiation of these cells to functional status. Studies of IL-3 in human beings are in early phase I stages. These trials indicate that this molecule has a short half-life, and hence should be given by routes that permit prolonged serum levels. IL-3 is generally well tolerated, and stimulation of progression to acute leukemia was not observed in our subjects with preleukemic states. This agent increased neutrophil, eosinophil, platelet, and reticulocyte counts in individual patients. However, responses varied from patient to patient, and the IL-3-induced changes in neutrophil counts were modest as opposed to those previously described after GM-CSF therapy. Comparison of the in vitro effects of IL-3 in the colony/culture assay to subsequent in vivo effects in a small number of patients indicates that increases in CFU-G, CFU-M, and CFU-GM can, at times, predict for changes in granulocyte and monocyte counts. A synthesis of currently available data indicates that future trials should be designed to treat additional patients with IL-3 alone and to combine IL-3 with GM-CSF, G-CSF, erythropoietin, and other growth factors.