gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal Conductivity and Specific Heat Capacity of Different Compositions of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia-Nickel Mixtures (2015)

Ceramic-metal composites also known as functionally gradient materials (FGM) are composite materials which are fabricated in order to have a gradual variation of constituent materials’ thermal and mechanical properties so as to have a smooth variation of the material properties in order to improve the overall performance and reduce the thermal expansion mismatch between ceramic and metal. The objective of the study is to determine the thermal properties of various percentage composition of Yttria stabilized zirconia-Nickel mixtures for application as thermal barrier coating materials in automotive turbocharger turbine volute casing. Specific heat capacity of different percentage composition of ceramic-metal powder composite were determined using DSC822 differential scanning calorimeter (Mettle Tolodo, Switzerland) at temperature ranges between 303K to 873K. While the thermal conductivity of the different percentage composition of ceramic-metal composite structures were determined using P5687 Cussons thermal conductivity apparatus (Manchester, UK) which uses one-dimensional steady-state heat conduction principle. The results have indicated that the specific heat capacity of the FGM increases sharply with an increase in temperature while the thermal conductivity of the FGM decreases with an increase in temperature. These results strongly agree with the theoretical and experimental values as well as the rule of mixtures obtainable in literature, which indicated the suitability of these FGM materials for thermal barrier coating applications.
Breast Cancer Prognosis via Gaussian Mixture Regression (2006)

This paper compares the performance of classification and regression trees (CART), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and a Gaussian mixture regressor (GMR) method in predicting breast cancer recurrence time in patients that have undergone cancer excision. It is shown that the GMR-based algorithm demonstrates an improved performance compared to CART and MARS. Moreover, GMR performance is comparable to that of a baseline predictor with the advantage of performing automatic feature selection and model optimization
Abstract 8449: Evaluation of Atrial Remodeling and Fibrillation Vulnerability Using Molecular Imaging of Matrix Metalloproteinases (2011)

INTRODUCTION: Heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI) leads to atrial remodeling and fibrosis, thereby increasing vulnerability to atrial fibrillation (AF). While matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity is known to be an important mediator of left ventricular (LV) remodeling after MI, atrial MMP activation in this setting has not been well studied. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that atrial structural remodeling and fibrillation vulnerability occurring early after MI can be noninvasively assessed using targeted molecular imaging of MMP activation. METHODS: In vivo and ex vivo SPECT/CT images were obtained in control pigs (n=7) and in pigs 1 week (n=2) or 4 weeks (n=6) after surgical induction of MI. Hybrid 64-slice SPECT/CT scans were performed at 2 hours after intravenous injection of a Tc99m-labeled radiotracer targeted to activated MMPs (RP805; Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA). Myocardial RP805 retention was quantified by gamma well counting after sacrifice. AF vulnerability was assessed in control pigs (n=3) and in pigs 4 weeks post-MI (n=4) using atrial burst pacing for 10 seconds with cycle lengths ranging from 300 to 180 ms. RESULTS: SPECT/CT images demonstrated increased uptake in the MI region and both atria compared to control pigs. In vivo images at 1 week post-MI are shown. RP805 retention at 1 week post-MI was 762±75% in the MI region compared to normal LV and 339±52% in the left atrium (LA) compared to normal LA (p<0.01 each). At 4 weeks post-MI, these values were 351±51% in the MI region and 174±27% in the LA (p<0.01 each). AF was inducible in 4 of 4 post-MI pigs and 0 of 3 controls (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: MMP-targeted SPECT/CT imaging may provide valuable noninvasive assessment of atrial remodeling and allow early identification of arrhythmogenic substrates prior to the onset of irreversible fibrosis. This approach may have significant implications regarding AF risk stratification as well as preventive and interventional AF treatment.
Effects of Reserpine in Rats Pretreated with α-Methyldopa (1963)

Journal Article Effects of Reserpine in Rats Pretreated with α-Methyldopa Get access L M Gunne, L M Gunne Department of Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 60 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J Jonsson J Jonsson Department of Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 60 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 15, Issue 1, September 1963, Pages 774–775, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1963.tb12877.x Published: 12 April 2011 Article history Received: 25 September 1963 Published: 12 April 2011
Comparing ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and scintigraphy in evaluating an experimentally induced muscular hematoma (1993)

A standardized trauma was inflicted to the lateral side of the calf muscle of 12 New Zealand rabbits, creating a muscle hematoma without external bleeding. The acute hematoma was evaluated within 3 h with radionuclide imaging of red blood cells labelled with 99m Tc pertechnetate, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The results were compared with the total volume of the hematomas as calculated from histological preparations of each injured muscle. Scintigraphy and T2‐weighted MRI accurately detected all hematomas but the calculated volume did not significantly correlate with histology. T1‐weighted MRI did not detect the hematomas. Ultrasonography detected all hematomas and also accurately evaluated the volume. In conclusion, scintigraphy, MR imaging and ultrasonography are all sensitive enough to detect an acute muscle injury, but in this investigation only ultrasonography accurately quantified the volume of the hematoma.
<title>Real-time implementation of structural and aero-optical effects for hypervelocity missiles</title> (1996)

The Kinetic-kill-vehicle Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation Facility (KHILS), located at Eglin AFB FL, has been involved in the development and ground testing of Ballistic Missile Defense Organization hit-to-kill interceptor concepts for 10 years. Work is ongoing to characterize the implement hardware-in-the-loop models for missile `environment' effects that are associated with high speed flight in general and endo-atmospheric flight in particular. Two critical areas of interest in endo-atmospheric simulation are: (1) effects on the line-of-sight due to divert thruster firings and the resulting structural vibration, and (2) the line-of-sight aero-optical environment which can be influenced by heated missile flowfields, coolant layers, and thruster fringes. The structural and aero-optical effects manifest themselves as image jitter, blurring, boresight shifts, and increased background radiance. At the KHILS facility, real-time closed-loop simulation techniques are being developed for structural and aero-optical effects presentation. These techniques include both software and hardware solutions. This paper describe the status of activities by describing the issues and the present KHILS solutions. The paper includes discussion of model interfaces with hardware-in-the-loop simulations, timing issues, and data transmittal bandwidth requirements. Image show the effects of structural and aero-optical disturbances on seeker focal plane energy distributions.
Structural brain-imaging findings in affective disorders: an overview (1989)

In recent years, numerous reports of structural brain abnormalities found with computerized tomography (CT) scans in affective disorders (e.g., major depression, bipolar disorder) have been published. More currently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have provided additional data on brain structure in affective disorders. In this article, the various CT and MRI findings in affective disorders are reviewed, and the clinical and research relevance of those neuroanatomical findings are presented and discussed.
Dynamic protein corona influences immune-modulating osteogenesis in magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-infiltrated bone regeneration scaffolds<i>in vivo</i> (2019)

An inflammatory reaction initiates fracture healing and directly influences the osteoinductive effect of the magnetic hydroxyapatite (MHA) scaffold, but the underlying mechanism is yet to be elucidated. Protein corona as a real biological identity of a biomaterial significantly affects the biological function of the bone regenerative scaffold. Hence, we developed a simple and effective in vivo dynamic model for the protein corona of MHA scaffolds to predict the correlation between the inflammatory reaction and bone wound healing, as well as the underlying mechanism governing such a process. Certain proteins including proteins related to the immune response and inflammation, bone and wound healing, extracellular matrix, cell behavior, and signaling increased in the protein corona of the magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-infiltrated scaffolds in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, the enriched proteins related to the immune response and inflammation adsorbed on the MHA scaffolds correlated well with the proteins that significantly enhanced bone wound healing, as suggested by the same variation tendency of the proteins related to bone and wound healing, and immune response and inflammation. The presence of MNPs suppressed the chronic inflammatory responses and highly promoted the acute inflammatory responses. More importantly, the activation of the acute inflammatory responses led to the recruitment of immune cells, remodeling of the extracellular matrix and even the acceleration of bone healing. The bone repair in vivo model and inflammatory cytokine in vitro model results further corroborated the critical involvement of inflammatory reaction in enhancing bone wound healing. This opens up the great potential of protein corona formation to understand the complicated mechanisms involved in immune-modulated bone wound healing.
TESTING METHOD FOR MEASURING IMPACT STRENGTH OF BGA SOLDER JOINTS ON ELECTRONIC PACKAGE (2008)

A pendulum-impact testing machine was developed to measure the impact strength of ball-grid-array (BGA) solder joints between an electronic package and a circuit board. Ball solders were connected to daisy-chain between a dummy electronic package and a circuit board. The upper side of the package was directly bonded to a load cell. The rear side of the circuit board was also bonded to an aluminum alloy block fixed on a base. A pendulum made of aluminum alloy was collided into the load cell to apply tensile impact to the solder joints through the load cell. The history of the impact load could be controlled by raising the angle of the pendulum. The fracture of a BGA solder joint was detected by measuring the resistance of the daisy-chain circuit on the board. Therefore, the impact strengths of the solder joints at electrical disconnection and mechanical breaking of all joints could be determined. The experimental results showed that this method is useful for measuring the impact strength of BGA solder joints.
Poly(aniline) Nanowires in Sol–Gel Coated ITO: A pH-Responsive Substrate for Planar Supported Lipid Bilayers (2011)

Facilitated ion transport across an artificial lipid bilayer coupled to a solid substrate is a function common to several types of bioelectronic devices based on supported membranes, including biomimetic fuel cells and ion channel biosensors. Described here is fabrication of a pH-sensitive transducer composed of a porous sol-gel layer derivatized with poly(aniline) (PANI) nanowires grown from an underlying planar indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode. The upper sol-gel surface is hydrophilic, smooth, and compatible with deposition of a planar supported lipid bilayer (PSLB) formed via vesicle fusion. Conducting tip AFM was used to show that the PANI wires are connected to the ITO, which convert this electrode into a potentiometric pH sensor. The response to changes in the pH of the buffer contacting the PANI nanowire/sol-gel/ITO electrode is blocked by the very low ion permeability of the overlying fluid PSLB. The feasibility of using this assembly to monitor facilitated proton transport across the PSLB was demonstrated by doping the membrane with lipophilic ionophores that respond to a transmembrane pH gradient, which produced an apparent proton permeability several orders of magnitude greater than values measured for undoped lipid bilayers.
Centrifuged Liquid Whole Egg (1971)

INTRODUCTION PASTEURIZATION causes some damage to the functional performance of liquid whole egg. Hanson et al. (1947) reported smaller sponge cake volumes from liquid whole egg pasteurized 60.0 to 71.0°C. for 0.1 to 10.6 minutes than from unheated controls. Wilkin and Winter (1947), and Norris (1965) have also observed similar results. In contrast, Miller and Winter (1950) pasteurized whole egg at 60.0 to 63.4°C. for 4 minutes and found that cake volumes differed only slightly from unheated controls. Heller et al. (1962) reported homogenized liquid whole egg pasteurized at 64.4°C. for 2.5 minutes was generally accepted by the baking industry. Kline (1964), utilized pasteurization temperatures of 60.0 to 61.0°C. for 3.5 minutes, reported that sponge cakes were unaffected in texture or volume. Sugihara et al. (1966) reported that quality of sponge cakes was not significantly damaged until temperatures were in excess of 63.4°C. for 3.5 minutes. Post-pasteurization treatments, such as…
Postnatal environment overrides genetic and prenatal factors influencing offspring obesity and insulin resistance (2006)

There is growing evidence that the postnatal environment can have a major impact on the development of obesity and insulin resistance in offspring. We postulated that cross-fostering obesity-prone offspring to lean, obesity-resistant dams would ameliorate their development of obesity and insulin resistance, while fostering lean offspring to genetically obese dams would lead them to develop obesity and insulin resistance as adults. We found that obesity-prone pups cross-fostered to obesity-resistant dams remained obese but did improve their insulin sensitivity as adults. In contrast, obesity-resistant pups cross-fostered to genetically obese dams showed a diet-induced increase in adiposity, reduced insulin sensitivity, and associated changes in hypothalamic neuropeptide, insulin, and leptin receptors, which might have contributed to their metabolic defects. There was a selective increase in insulin levels and differences in fatty acid composition of obese dam milk which might have contributed to the increased adiposity, insulin resistance, and hypothalamic changes in obesity-resistant cross-fostered offspring. These results demonstrate that postnatal factors can overcome both genetic predisposition and prenatal factors in determining the development of adiposity, insulin sensitivity, and the brain pathways that mediate these functions.
Real time update of a reservoir property model in geosteering applications (2005)

For optimal well placement, a proper model of the reservoir is of key importance. To ensure the consistency between the model and the new information recorded by logging while drilling (LWD), real time updating of the model needs to be facilitated. The initial model in our workflow is typically generated by classification. By classification on a set of seismic attributes that describe different signal properties, the natural clustering of the voxels into classes is found. This initial model is then calibrated with the LWD measurements to map the classes with the observed properties from the logs. The seismic model can be reclassified using the observations as training data. The updated seismic property model provides less uncertainty in the property distribution within the reservoir. The planned well trajectory can then be modified according to the updated model to optimize well production.
THE ORIGIN AND DIVERSIFICATION OF GALAPAGOS MOCKINGBIRDS (2006)

Evolutionary radiations of colonists on archipelagos provide valuable insight into mechanisms and modes of speciation. The apparent diversification of Galapagos mockingbirds (Nesomimus) provoked Darwin's initial conception of adaptive radiation, but the monophyly of this historically important exemplar has not been evaluated with molecular data. Additionally, as with most Galapagos organisms, we have a poor understanding of the temporal pattern of diversification of the mockingbirds following colonization(s) from source populations. Here we present a molecular phylogeny of Galapagos and other mockingbird populations based on mitochondrial sequence data. Monophyly of Galapagos mockingbirds was supported, suggesting a single colonization of the archipelago followed by diversification. Our analyses also indicate that Nesomimus is nested within the traditional genus Mimus, making the latter paraphyletic, and that the closest living relatives of Galapagos mockingbirds appear to be those currently found in North America, northern South America, and the Caribbean, rather than the geographically nearest species in continental Ecuador. Thus, propensity for over-water dispersal may have played a more important role than geographic proximity in the colonization of Galapagos by mockingbirds. Within Galapagos, four distinct mitochondrial DNA clades were identified. These four clades differ from current taxonomy in several important respects. In particular, mockingbirds in the eastern islands of the archipelago (Española, San Cristóbal, and Genovesa) have very similar mitochondrial DNA sequences, despite belonging to three different nominal species, and mockingbirds from Isabela, in the west of the archipelago, are more phylogenetically divergent than previously recognized. Consistent with current taxonomy is the phylogenetic distinctiveness of the Floreana mockingbird (N. trifasciatus) and close relationships among most mockingbirds from the central and northern region of the archipelago (currently considered conspecific populations of N. parvulus). Overall, phylogeographic patterns are consistent with a model of wind-based dispersal within Galapagos, with colonization of more northerly islands by birds from more southern populations, but not the reverse. Further radiation in Galapagos would require coexistence of multiple species on individual islands, but this may be prevented by relatively limited morphological divergence among mockingbirds and by lack of sufficient habitat diversity in the archipelago to support more than one omnivorous mimid.
Controlling optical traps: performance and analytical limits (2005)

Using feedback control, a versatile optical trap can be constructed that can be used to control either the position of trapped objects or apply specified forces. Yet, while the design, development, and use of optical traps has been extensive and feedback control has played a critical role in pushing the state of the art, it is surprising to note that few comprehensive examinations of feedback control of optical traps have been undertaken. Furthermore, as the requirements are pushed to ever smaller distances and forces, the performance of optical traps reach limits. It is well understood that feedback control can result in both positive and negative effects in controlled systems. This paper discusses the performance and analytical limits that must be considered in the development and design of control systems for optical traps.
Neuroprotection by LY341122, a novel inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, against focal ischemic brain damage in rats (2000)

LY341122 (2-(3, 5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(2-(4-methylethylaminomethyl-ph enylox y)ethyl)oxazole) is a potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation which has been shown to protect against global ischemia and traumatic brain injury in rats. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of LY341122 on ischemic injury in a highly reproducible model of focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with halothane and subjected to 120 min of temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion by retrograde insertion of an intraluminal nylon suture coated with poly-L-lysine. The drug (LY341122, n=19) or vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), n=10) was administered i.v. (as a 5 or 10 mg/kg bolus followed by a 5 or 10 mg/kg/h infusion for 20 h, respectively, starting 1 or 2 h after the onset of middle cerebral artery occlusion). Neurological status was evaluated during middle cerebral artery occlusion (60 min) and daily for 3 days thereafter. Three days after ischemia, brains were perfusion-fixed and infarct volumes and brain edema were determined. LY341122 significantly improved the neurological score compared to vehicle at 24, 48 and 72 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Treatment with LY341122 significantly reduced total infarct volume in all treated groups compared to vehicle rats. Cortical infarct volume was significantly reduced by LY341122 treatment in the 10 mg/kg (1 h) and LY341122 10 mg/kg (2 h) groups compared to vehicle rats (14.7+/-9.5 vs. 106.8+/-20.9 mm(3), and 36.9+/-20.1 vs. 106. 8+/-20.9 mm(3), respectively (mean+/-S.E.M.)). Striatal infarct volume was also significantly reduced by treatment with LY341122 in the 10 mg/kg (1 h) group compared to vehicle (23.7+/-3.4 vs. 68. 2+/-6.7 mm(3)). These results demonstrate the neuroprotective efficacy of LY341122 in focal cerebral ischemia.
Ultrastructural observations on the chorionic epithelium, parathyroid glands and bones from chick embryos developed in shell-less culture (1978)

Three-day-old chick embryos were cultured in Petri dishes until they reached developmental stages 37 or 39 (Hamburger & Hamilton, 1951). The electron microscopical study of the chorio-allantoic membranes showed that, even in the absence of the shell and the corresponding calcium supply, 'capillary-covering' and 'villus-cavity' cells differentiated well. The parathyroid glands from the cultured embryos showed ultrastructural signs indicative of active synthesis and secretion of the parathyroid hormone. This correlates well with the significant hypocalcemia (5.4 mg/100 ml) observed in these embryos. In all cultured embryos mineralization of bones was greatly reduced as shown by alizarin bulk staining and confirmed by histological and electron microscopical analysis. The ultrastructural characteristics of osteoblasts and osteocytes, as well as of the bone matrix, appeared normal. The defect in mineralization appeared thus to be due to a deficiency in the availability of calcium and not to a delay in bone differentiation. This implies that the yolk sac appears to lack calcium regulatory capacity since it cannot compensate for the absence of shell by increasing its own contribution in order to assure an adequate mineralization of the embryonic bones.