gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-reversal-invariant topological superconductivity (2018)

A topological superconductor is characterized by having a pairing gap in the bulk and gapless self-hermitian Majorana modes at its boundary. In one dimension, these are zero-energy modes bound to the ends, while in two dimensions these are chiral gapless modes traveling along the edge. Majorana modes have attracted a lot of interest due to their exotic properties, which include non-abelian exchange statistics. Progress in realizing topological superconductivity has been made by combining spin-orbit coupling, conventional superconductivity, and magnetism. The existence of protected Majorana modes, however, does not inherently require the breaking of time-reversal symmetry by magnetic fields. Indeed, pairs of Majorana modes can reside at the boundary of a \emph{time-reversal-invariant} topological superconductor (TRITOPS). It is the time-reversal symmetry which then protects this so-called Majorana Kramers' pair from gapping out. This is analogous to the case of the two-dimensional topological insulator, with its pair of helical gapless boundary modes, protected by time-reversal symmetry. Realizing the TRITOPS phase will be a major step in the study of topological phases of matter. In this paper we describe the physical properties of the TRITOPS phase, and review recent proposals for engineering and detecting them in condensed matter systems, in one and two spatial dimensions. We mostly focus on extrinsic superconductors, where superconductivity is introduced through the proximity effect. We emphasize the role of interplay between attractive and repulsive electron-electron interaction as an underlying mechanism. When discussing the detection of the TRITOPS phase, we focus on the physical imprint of Majorana Kramers' pairs, and review proposals of transport measurement which can reveal their existence.
Analysis of a microstrip crossover embedded in a multilayered anisotropic and lossy media (1994)

The equivalent circuit and the scattering parameters of the orthogonal microstrip crossover discontinuity are determined by assuming that the conducting strips are embedded in a multilayered substrate which may contain both anisotropic dielectrics and materials with a nonnegligible conductivity. The equivalent circuit of the crossover is obtained in terms of the complex excess charge densities on the strips. These excess charge densities are computed by means of the Galerkin method in the spectral domain. Comparison is carried out with previously existing results for microstrip crossovers on lossless isotropic substrates and original results are presented for crossovers on anisotropic and lossy substrates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Single-chip Dtv Media Processor (1998)

This paper describes a single-chip media processor' for use in Digital Television (OW) applications and covers its features, system interfaces and application areas.
PROPOSAL OF CYLINDRICAL ROLLED-UP METAMATERIAL LENSES FOR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING APPLICATION AND PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL DEMONSTRATION (2012)

In this paper, we propose a cylindrical rolled-up negative permeability metamaterial (MM) lens for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and some analyses are given. The proposed cylindrical MM lens is fabricated by rolling a MM slab (constituted with capacitive-loaded copper split rings) into a tube that resembles a hollow ring. It can focus the field of a magnetic line source, which can increase the penetration depth and improve the sensitivity of a surface coil. The proposed cylindrical MM lens can also improve the discrimination of the signals coming from two independent sources. A clinical experiment is carried out in a General Electric Signa 1.5 T MRI system in order to verify the focusing ability of the proposed device.
The contribution of enzymes and process chemicals to the life cycle of ethanol (2009)

Most life cycle studies of biofuels have not examined the impact of process chemicals and enzymes, both necessary inputs to biochemical production and which vary depending upon the technology platform (feedstock, pretreatment and hydrolysis system). We examine whether this omission is warranted for sugar-platform technologies. We develop life cycle ('well-to-tank') case studies for a corn dry-mill and for one 'mature' and two near-term lignocellulosic ethanol technologies. Process chemical and enzyme inputs contribute only 3% of fossil energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for corn ethanol. Assuming considerable improvement compared to current enzyme performance, the inputs for the near-term lignocellulosic technologies studied are found to be responsible for 30%–40% of fossil energy use and 30%–35% of GHG emissions, not an insignificant fraction given that these models represent technology developers' nth plant performance. Mature technologies which assume lower chemical and enzyme loadings, high enzyme specific activity and on-site production utilizing renewable energy would significantly improve performance. Although the lignocellulosic technologies modeled offer benefits over today's corn ethanol through reducing life cycle fossil energy demand and GHG emissions by factors of three and six, achieving those performance levels requires continued research into and development of the manufacture of low dose, high specific activity enzyme systems. Realizing the benefits of low carbon fuels through biological conversion will otherwise not be possible. Tracking the technological performance of process conversion materials remains an important step in measuring the life cycle performance of biofuels.
Global prospects for COVID-19 control (2020)

Coronavirus
Lower-income countries have recognized the potential impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from observing ongoing epidemics. Many have intervened quickly and early with measures to slow viral transmission, which may partly explain the low rates observed so far in these countries. Walker et al. calibrated a global model with country-specific data (see the Perspective by Metcalf et al. ). Despite the potentially protective effects of younger demographics, the closer intergenerational contact, limitations on health care facilities, and frequency of comorbidities in lower-income countries require sustained nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to avoid overwhelming health care capacity. As a result of strict NPIs, the protective effects of immunity will be reduced, and it will be important to improve testing capacity. Ensuring equitable provision of oxygen and—when they are ready—pharmaceutical interventions should be a global priority.

Science , this issue p. [413][1]; see also p. [368][2]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abc0035
 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abd1668
Ovotestes and sexual reversal in racing pigeons. (1986)

The occurrence of ovotestes associated with male behavioral characteristics in two mature female racing pigeons (Columba livia) is recorded. An ovotestis developed in the area of the vestigial right gonad of one bird and within the functional left ovary of the second bird.
Di-n-alkylphosphine Oxides. I. Synthesis (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDi-n-alkylphosphine Oxides. I. SynthesisRobert H. Williams and Lyle A. HamiltonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 21, 5418–5420Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01141a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01141a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views627Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of cediranib, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, in a mouse model of choroidal neovascularization (2012)

Cediranib inhibited laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in mice and may have therapeutic potential for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
A comparative study of quantitative stains for DNA in image cytometry. (1991)

In this study we examined the reproducibility of several stains used to measure nuclear DNA by image cytometry. The specimens were touch preparations of liver and testis from mouse and liver, intestine and brain from rat, fixed in either neutral formalin or Carnoy's solution. The tested stains included four Feulgen methods (pararosaniline, azure-A, thionin and acriflavine), the gallocyanine-chromalum stain and two fluorescent stains (acridine orange and propidium iodide). Absorbance measurements employed a video image analysis system; fluorescence measurements were from a scanning microspectrophotometer. The acriflavine-Feulgen stain was analyzed for both absorbance and fluorescence. All seven stains were quantitative for DNA and gave reproducible results. The absorbance measurements had a lower coefficient of variation (CV) than the fluorescence values. In a nested analysis of variance of the pararosaniline Feulgen stains, cell-to-cell variability accounted for 67% of the total variance; slide-to-slide, 9%; and batch-to-batch, 24%. These values did not change significantly when the staining was performed in an automatic staining machine. For DNA analysis using image cytometry, we conclude that the Feulgen staining technique is the most useful. In particular, acriflavine-Feulgen-stained cells fixed in Carnoy's fluid give the least variation between measurement values and the most accurate ratios between the separate ploidy groups. For fluorescence cytometry we recommend Carnoy's fixation and the acriflavine-Feulgen stain because of its narrow CV as compared to acridine orange and propidium iodide.
High-resolution melting analysis for detection of familial ligand-defective apolipoprotein B-100 mutations (2008)

We have established a novel, robust method of FDB mutation detection using high-resolution melting analysis in conjunction with DNA sequencing. Compared with existing methods it is not only more cost-effective, but is also capable of detecting new sequence changes and will have importance in cascade screening of affected subjects.
Soluble Copolymers of Diallyl Monomers. (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSoluble Copolymers of Diallyl Monomers.W. H. Schuller, J. A. Price, S. T. Moore, and W. M. ThomasCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1959, 4, 3, 273–276Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60003a021https://doi.org/10.1021/je60003a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views115Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sintering, Crystallization, and Properties of B <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> /P <sub>2</sub> O <sub>5</sub> ‐Doped Li <sub>2</sub> O·Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> ·4SiO <sub>2</sub> Glass‐Ceramics (1995)

Sintering, crystallization, microstructure, and thermal expansion of Li 2 O·Al 2 O 3 ·4SiO 2 glass‐ceramics doped with B 2 O 3 , P 2 O 5 , or (B 2 O 3 + P 2 O 5 ) have been investigated. On heating the glass powder compacts, the glassy phase first crystallized into high‐quartz s.s., which transformed into β‐spodumene after the crystallization process was essentially complete. The effects of dopants on the crystallization of glass to high‐quartz s.s. and the subsequent transformation of high‐quartz s.s. to β‐spodumene were discussed. The major densification occurred only in the early stage of sintering time due to the rapid crystallization. All dopants were found to promote the densification of the glass powders. The effect of doping on the densification can fairly well be explained by the crystallization tendency. All samples heated to 950°C exhibited a negative coefficient of thermal expansion ranging from about −4.7 × 10 ‐6 to −0.1 × 10 ‐6 K ‐1 . Codoping of B 2 O 3 and P 2 O 5 resulted in the highest densification and an extremely low coefficient of thermal expansion.
Dispersion of viscous liquids by turbulent flow in a static mixer (1988)

Abstract Drops are stabilized in agitated liquid‐liquid systems by both surface and internal viscous forces. The dispersion of an inviscid liquid into a turbulent continuous phase in static mixers has been studied but the effect of dispersed phase viscosity is not well understood. Systematic experiments have been conducted in a Kenics mixer by photographically examining dilute suspensions of viscous oils in water to determine how viscosity and conditions of agitation affect equilibrium mean drop size and size distribution. A semiempirical theory is developed which correlates the mean size data and collapses to the well‐known Weber number result in the inviscid limit. A correlation for drop size distribution in terms of cumulative volume frequency is developed by normalization with the Sauter mean diameter D 32 . Measurements at the mixer entrance indicate that the method of introduction of the dispersed phase should be considered when evaluating mixer performance.
TCP Variants: An Overview (2010)

In wireless communication networks, TCP is a widely applied solution as it guarantees the delivery of data by implementing acknowledgement based techniques and used in wired networks as it ensures guard against the common remedy congestion in networks. Deploying TCP over wireless networks, restrictions such as random link errors, random packet loss, node distance, constantly changing topology are taken in account. Many solutions exist for the performance analysis in different environments and picking the suitable one in required environment. The afore-mentioned variants of TCP are revived.
Tin and Lead Loaded Plastic Scintillators for Low Energy Gamma-Ray Detection with Particular Application to High Rate Detection (1975)

It has been observed that loading plastic scintillators with tin or lead markedly increase their low energy photon detection efficiencies while retaining the characteristic short phosphor decay time of conventional plastic scintillators, These combined effects may have great impact in high rate photon detection: for instance, x-ray transmission 3-D image reconstruction applications in the biomedical field and Mössbauer experiments in nuclear structure studies, Experimental data are here reported on a) photon detection efficiencies using a 5% tin loaded, a 7% tin loaded and a 57% lead loaded plastic scintillator with reference to a NaI(Tl) crystal in the energy range of 20-511 keV; b) high count rate detection up to 20 MHz with 153Gd (42 + 100 keV groups); and c) Mössbauer experiments with thin discs of tin loaded plastic scintillators.
The Impact of Financial Literacy Training for Migrants and their Families (2012)

This note shows some of the gains possible from training both the migrant and their remaining family member.
Akademik alanda sosyal politika nereye (2013)

Bu makale, uzun süredir ihtiyaç hissettiğim, sosyal politika alanındaki akademik çalışmaların nereye doğru gittiğine ilişkin sınırlı bir değerlendirme. Bu konudaki duyarlılığımı da, yalnız politika ve uygulamaların değil, aynı zamanda akademik çalışmaların da ülkedeki sosyal politikanın anlamı ve boyutlarını yapılandırdığına ilişkin düşüncemle açıklayabilirim. Bu nedenle, bana göre, sosyal politika alanındaki akademik yönelimlere ilişkin bir sorgulama, yalnız çalışmaların boyutları değil, aynı zamanda ülkedeki anlayışların gelişimi açısından da önemli. Hiç kuşku yok ki, bu çalışma sınırlı bir araştırmaya dayalı ve böyle bir tartışma açısından ancak bir giriş olarak düşünülebilir. Çalışma, esas olarak, alandaki tezler, Çalışma ve Toplum Dergisi’ndeki yazılar ile Bölüm Kongreleri ve Sosyal Haklar Sempozyumlar’ına sunulan bildirilerde ele alınan konuların gözden geçirilmesine dayalı. Yine de ve sınırlılığını gözden ırak tutmasak da, akademik çalışmaların kapsamı ve dolayısıyla alanda çalışanların sosyal politikaya ilişkin anlayışlarındaki sınırlılıklar konusunda bazı sonuçlara varılabilmekte. Hepsinin ötesinde, akademik çalışmalarda ekonomi politiğin ihmal edilişi yadsınamaz bir gerçek olarak ortaya çıkarken, akademik alanda ve toplumda sosyal politikaya ilişkin anlayışların yapılanmasındaki sınırlar ve kısıtlar konusunda bizi uyaran bu gerçek üzerine düşünmekten kaçınamayız diye düşünüyorum
Conflict of interests: the politics of American education (1988)

Preface Acknowledgements Chapter 1: Education and American Global Power: The Political Road to No Child Left Behind Chapter 2: Sources of Conflict: Power, Knowledge, and Interest Groups Chapter 3: Sources of Conflict: The Politics of School Finance and the Economics of Education Chapter 4: Sources of Conflict: The Educational Establishment Chapter 5: Political Organization and Student Achievement Chapter 6: Reinvention of the School and Government: The Changing Political Face of Public Education Chapter 7: State Politics of Education Chapter 8: Local Politics of Education Chapter 9: The Knowledge Industry Chapter 10: The Political Uses of the Courts Chapter 11: The Political Control of Education in a Free Society Index
25. Conventional measurements of renal function using 51Cr-EDTA overestimate true GFR by 10% (2002)

s of the 30th Annual Meeting of the British Nuclear Medicine Society Manchester, UK, 8-10 April 2002. Renal
3-D Audio Using Loudspeakers (1998)

3-D audio systems, which can surround a listener with sounds at arbitrary locations, are an important part of immersive interfaces. A new approach is presented for implementing 3-D audio using a pair of conventional loudspeakers. The new idea is to use the tracked position of the listener’s head to optimize the acoustical presentation, and thus produce a much more realistic illusion over a larger listening area than existing loudspeaker 3-D audio systems. By using a remote head tracker, for instance based on computer vision, an immersive audio environment can be created without donning headphones or other equipment. The general approach to a 3-D audio system is to reconstruct the acoustic pressures at the listener’s ears that would result from the natural listening situation to be simulated. To accomplish this using loudspeakers requires that first, the ear signals corresponding to the target scene are synthesized by appropriately encoding directional cues, a process known as “binaural synthesis,” and second, these signals are delivered to the listener by inverting the transmission paths that exist from the speakers to the listener, a process known as “crosstalk cancellation.” Existing crosstalk cancellation systems only function at a fixed listening location; when the listener moves away from the equalization zone,
Performance analysis of hybrid ARQ protocols in a slotted direct-sequence code division multiple-access network: jamming analysis (1990)

An examination is made of the performance of type-I hybrid ARQ (automatic repeat request) protocols in a slotted direct-sequence CDMA (code-division multiple access) network operating in a hostile jamming environment. The network consists of an arbitrary number of transceivers arranged in a paired-off topology. The traffic arrival process is derived by means of a Markov model. Throughput-delay expressions are derived in terms of the channel cutoff rate and capacity. The effects of jammer state information are discussed. Network design parameters are identified and their dependency on system parameters is examined in detail. It is shown that, for a given population size, traffic intensity, and bit energy/jammer noise ratio, there is an optimal probability of retransmission, code rate, and processing gain that maximizes network performance in the presence of worst-case pulse jamming.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transformation of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxy‐ethanoic acid (2,4‐D) by a photoassisted ferrous oxalate/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> system (2004)

Abstract The kinetics of the dependence of pH, oxalate, and hydrogen peroxide concentrations on the degradation performance of the herbicide 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyethanoic acid (2,4‐D) was studied in a novel ferrous oxalate/H 2 O 2 /UV system. The formation and destruction of the primary intermediate, 2,4‐dichlorophenol (2,4‐DCP), was also monitored in the study. A rate enhancement of about 2.9 times was found when 1.2 m M of oxalate was added to the conventional Fe 2+ /H 2 O 2 /UV process. However, excess oxalate suppressed the reaction due to the scavenging and light attenuation effects. The 2,4‐D transformation at a lower initial pH was faster than that at a higher pH, and the different reaction mechanisms were investigated. In addition to the decay rates, the yield of the intermediate 2,4‐DCP was also affected by the initial solution pH. The increment of hydrogen peroxide concentration did not increase the initial decay rates of 2,4‐D, yet it improved the overall removal of 2,4‐D and elevated the formation of the corresponding intermediate (2,4‐DCP). Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Network-Aware Virtual Machine Allocation for Cloud Data Centers (2017)

Cloud data center resource management has become a critical part due to large scale of applications response time requirements. For some applications in a cloud data center, the available communication bandwidth among virtual machines is of great importance. However, classic virtual machine placement algorithms in a cloud data center do not consider network I/O efficiently. In this paper, we address the problem of network-aware virtual machine management in modern data centers. We consider virtual machine intelligent placement in order to reduce and optimize the network usage in cloud data center. Greedy based virtual machine placement algorithm is proposed to ensure quick virtual machine migrations in small scale. We evaluated the proposed algorithm using cloud data center simulation platform and compared existing algorithms over different parameters. Experimental results show that network bandwidth saving and application performances have been improved.