gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum levels of pepsinogen I and gastrin in gastric carcinoma: the influence of Helicobacter pylori infection and tumor characteristics. (1993)

The influence of Helicobacter pylori infection on serum levels of pepsinogen I and gastrin in gastric carcinoma was investigated by simultaneous determination of serum pepsinogen I, gastrin, and IgG antibodies against Helicobacter pylori in 100 patients with gastric carcinoma, and in another 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Serum pepsinogen I level was significantly lower in gastric carcinoma than in controls (55.5 +/- 28.1 vs. 76.9 +/- 25.1 ng/ml, p < 0.005), but there was no difference in serum gastrin between them (63.2 +/- 30.2 vs. 57.4 +/- 28.5 pg/ml, p = 0.16). Helicobacter pylori infection caused a significant increase in serum PGI level in advanced, intestinal type, and non-cardia gastric carcinoma. The serum gastrin level was affected by neither Helicobacter pylori infection nor any of the tumor characteristics. It is concluded that pepsinogen I, rather than gastrin, in the serum is greatly influenced by Helicobacter pylori infection and tumor characteristics in gastric carcinoma.
Group B Streptococcal Disease: From Trials and Tribulations to Triumph and Trepidation (2001)

Group B streptococci garnered attention during the 1970s when they surpassed Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to become the principal causes of sepsis in early infancy. During the 1980s, several clinical trials demonstrated that administration of antimicrobial agents during labor could interrupt vertical transmission and prevent invasive disease in the first week of life (i.e., early-onset disease). However, prophylaxis was not widely used during the next 10 years. On the basis of efforts by clinician-researchers, professional organizations, community-based parent advocacy groups, and the public health community, consensus recommendations for group B streptococcal prophylaxis were finally issued in 1996. By the end of 1999, the incidence of early-onset disease in selected counties within the United States had decreased by 70%, and the gap between black and white persons with disease narrowed by 75%. This recent triumph leaves the professional community treading lightly, alert to the need to monitor for unintended consequences that may threaten recent progress.
Novel members of the family Flavobacteriaceae from Antarctic maritime habitats including Subsaximicrobium wynnwilliamsii gen. nov., sp. nov., Subsaximicrobium saxinquilinus sp. nov., Subsaxibacter broadyi gen. nov., sp. nov., Lacinutrix copepodicola gen. nov., sp. nov., and novel species of the genera Bizionia, Gelidibacter and Gillisia (2005)

Several orange- and yellow-pigmented, halophilic, strictly aerobic, chemoheterotrophic, Gram-negative strains were isolated during investigations of maritime Antarctic habitats, including coastal fast sea-ice brine and algae, crustaceans and quartz stone sublithic cyanobacterial biofilms. Isolates investigated in this study belonged to the marine clade of the family Flavobacteriaceae and represented lineages that were either distinct from species with validly published names or appeared to be distinct species within existing genera. A polyphasic taxonomic analysis demonstrated the novelty of these strains, and several new taxa are proposed. Strains from quartz stone sublithic communities were grouped into two new genera designated Subsaximicrobium gen. nov. and Subsaxibacter gen. nov. The genus Subsaximicrobium included the species Subsaximicrobium wynnwilliamsii sp. nov. (type species; type strain G#7(T)=ACAM 1070(T)=CIP 108525(T)) and Subsaximicrobium saxinquilinus sp. nov. (type strain Y4-5(T)=ACAM 1063(T)=CIP 108526(T)). The genus Subsaxibacter contained a single species designated Subsaxibacter broadyi sp. nov. (type strain P7(T)=ACAM 1064(T)=CIP 108527(T)). A novel bacterial strain isolated from the lake-dwelling, calanoid copepod Paralabidocera antarctica was given the name Lacinutrix copepodicola gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain DJ3(T)=ACAM 1055(T)=CIP 108538(T)). Four novel species of the genus Bizionia were discovered, Bizionia algoritergicola sp. nov. (type strain APA-1(T)=ACAM 1056(T)=CIP 108533(T)) and Bizionia myxarmorum sp. nov. (type strain ADA-4(T)=ACAM 1058(T)=CIP 108535(T)), which were isolated from the carapace surfaces of sea-ice algae-feeding amphipods, and Bizionia gelidisalsuginis sp. nov. (type strain IC164(T)=ACAM 1057(T)=CIP 108536(T)) and Bizionia saleffrena sp. nov. (type strain HFD(T)=ACAM 1059(T)=CIP 108534(T)), which were isolated from sea-ice brines. Several other novel species were also isolated from sea-ice samples, including two novel species of the genus Gelidibacter, Gelidibacter gilvus sp. nov. (type strain IC158(T)=ACAM 1054(T)=CIP 108531(T)) and Gelidibacter salicanalis sp. nov. (type strain IC162(T)=ACAM 1053(T)=CIP 108532(T)), as well as three novel species of the genus Gillisia, Gillisia illustrilutea sp. nov. (type strain IC157(T)=ACAM 1062(T)=CIP 108530(T)), Gillisia sandarakina sp. nov. (type strain IC148(T)=ACAM 1060(T)=CIP 108529(T)) and Gillisia hiemivivida sp. nov. (type strain IC154(T)=ACAM 1061(T)=CIP 108528(T)).
Optical zoom module based on two deformable mirrors for mobile device applications (2012)

In recent years, optical zoom functionality in mobile devices has been studied. Traditional zoom systems use motors to change separation of lenses to achieve the zoom function, but these systems result in long total length and high power consumption, which are not suitable for mobile devices. Adopting micromachined polymer deformable mirrors in zoom systems has the potential to reduce thickness and chromatic aberration. In this paper, we propose a 2× continuous optical zoom system with five-megapixel image sensors by using two deformable mirrors. In our design, the thickness of the zoom system is about 11 mm. The effective focal length ranges from 4.7 mm at a field angle of 52° to 9.4 mm. The f-number is 4.4 and 6.4 at the wide-angle and telephoto end, respectively.
Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology (2013)

Traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) is similar with modern immunology in basic theory and the way of thinking. TCM plays the advantage of regulating the whole body. To study immune function and mechanism of TCM will be an important research direction. One of the ideas of modern medical research is to explore the role of TCM from the perspective of the nervous,endocrine,immune mechanisms. It will surely promote the promotion and development of traditional Chinese medicine.
Bilayer interactions of ether- and ester-linked phospholipids: dihexadecyl- and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholines (1987)

Mixed phospholipid systems of ether-linked 1,2-dihexadecylphosphatidylcholine (DHPC) and ester-linked 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. At maximum hydration (60 wt % water), DHPC shows three reversible transitions: a main (chain melting) transition, TM = 44.2 degrees C; a pretransition, TP = 36.2 degrees C; and a subtransition, TS = 5.5 degrees C. DPPC shows two reversible transitions: TM = 41.3 degrees C and TP = 36.5 degrees C. TM decreases linearly from 44.2 to 41.3 degrees C as DPPC is incorporated into DHPC bilayers; TP exhibits eutectic behavior, decreasing sharply to reach 23.3 degrees C at 40.4 mol % DPPC and then increasing over the range 40-100 mol % DPPC; TS remains constant at 4-5 degrees C and is not observed at greater than 20 mol % DPPC. At 50 degrees C, X-ray diffraction shows a liquid-crystalline bilayer L alpha phase at all DHPC:DPPC mole ratios. At 22 degrees C, DHPC shows an interdigitated bilayer gel L beta phase (bilayer periodicity d = 47.0 A) into which approximately 30 mol % DPPC can be incorporated. Above 30 mol % DPPC, a noninterdigitated gel L beta' phase (d = 64-66 A) is observed. Thus, at T greater than TM, DHPC and DPPC are miscible in all proportions in an L alpha bilayer phase. In contrast, a composition-dependent gel----gel transition between interdigitated and noninterdigitated bilayers is observed at T less than TP, and this leads to eutectic behavior of the DHPC/DPPC system.
Corrosion of Copper and Brass: Practical Experience in relation to Basic Data (1980)

AbstractAbstractDuring the period 1950–1979 the author has, in co-operation with various co-workers, investigated some of the corrosion phenomena occurring in the application of copper materials. A survey is given of some conclusions reached in investigations on the following subjects: the electrode kinetics of copper in acidic copper sulphate solution; atmospheric corrosion and patina formation; the pitting of copper water tubes; the erosion corrosion of copper water tubes; the dezincification of brass; the stress corrosion cracking of brass; the hydrogen embrittlement of copper; the corrosion resistance of copper canisters for final disposal of spent nuclear fuel.
Oblivious video watermarking scheme with adaptive embedding mechanism (2004)

In this paper, a novel adaptive approach to video watermarking is presented. It takes full advantage of both intra-frame and inter-frame information of video content to guarantee the perceptual invisibility and robustness of the watermark. An effective block classifier is delicately designed based on motion information and region complexity. Meanwhile, the idea of bitplane replacement is introduced in the embedding procedure. A major advantage of this technique is that the watermark can be extracted without referring to the original video while embedded adaptively in accordance with the human visual system and signal characteristics. The multi-frame based extraction strategy ensures that the watermark can be correctly recovered from a very short segment of video. Individual frames extracted from the video also contain watermark information. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Relational matching with stochastic optimisation (2002)

This paper describes a novel framework for performing relational graph matching by stochastic optimisation. The starting point for this study is a configurational probability measure which gauges the consistency of relational matches using a compound exponential function of Hamming distance. In order to overcome some of the well documented shortcomings of deterministic updating, we develop two contrasting stochastic optimisation strategies. The first of these exploits the apparatus of statistical physics to compute the Boltzmann distribution that models the configurational probability measure so that relational matching may be performed by simulated annealing. The second approach is a genetic hill climbing algorithm which is motivated by the way in which our configurational probability measure models matching errors. Because the genetic optimisation commences with a pool of random matches, it obviates the need for accurate initialisation. Moreover, it can recover consistent matches exploiting only structural information from the graphs under match.
[Bactericidal activity of various derivatives of N-heteroaromatic compounds]. (1978)

Viscous flow in glasses is treated for those cases and circumstances in which the combination of the Eyring rate theory and the Cohen and Turnbull free volume theory does not hold. The assumption is made that atoms, being strongly bound to each other, show cooperative effects during flow. From this assumption, combined with the idea that viscous flow is essentially an irreversible process in which entropy is produced, the conclusion is drawn that deviations from Newtonian or Maxwellian viscous flow behavior should be found in most glasses.
Hybrid Real-Time Matrix Factorization for Implicit Feedback Recommendation Systems (2018)

In this paper, we present a hybrid real-time incremental stochastic gradient descent (RI-SGD) updating technique for implicit feedback matrix factorization (MF) recommendation systems. Compared with explicit feedback evaluation scores, implicit feedback data are easier to obtain but pose challenges to MF recommendation systems because of the transformation procedures from raw data to user preference scores. Another challenge for MF recommendation systems is the accuracy issue when the speed of the new input data increases. The proposed RI-SGD is designed for computationally-efficient and accurate time-variant implicit feedback MF recommendation system, which consists of alternating least squares with weight regularization in the training phase and stochastic gradient descent in the updating phase. To demonstrate the advantages of the RI-SGD updating technique in terms of computational efficiency and accuracy, we implement the proposed updating techniques in a real-time music recommendation system. Compared with the method of retraining the entire model, our numerical results show that RI-SGD approach can achieve almost the same recommendation accuracy, but requires only about 0.02% of the retraining time.
Electroluminescence from Ge on Si substrate at room temperature (2009)

A Ge/Si heterojunction light emitting diode with a p+-Ge/i-Ge/N+–Si structure was fabricated using the ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition technology on N+–Si substrate. The device had a good I-V rectifying behavior. Under forward bias voltage ranging from 1.1 to 2.5 V, electroluminescence around 1565 nm was observed at room temperature. The mechanism of the light emission is discussed by the radiative lifetime and the scattering rate. The results indicate that germanium is a potential candidate for silicon-based light source material.
Translation Initiation is Controlled by RNA Folding Kinetics via a Ribosome Drafting Mechanism (2016)

RNA folding plays an important role in controlling protein synthesis as well as other cellular processes. Existing models have focused on how RNA folding energetics control translation initiation rate under equilibrium conditions but have largely ignored the effects of nonequilibrium RNA folding. We introduce a new mechanism, called “ribosome drafting”, that explains how a mRNA’s folding kinetics and the ribosome’s binding rate collectively control its translation initiation rate. During cycles of translation, ribosome drafting emerges whenever successive ribosomes bind to a mRNA faster than the mRNA can refold, maintaining it in a nonequilibrium state with an acceleration of protein synthesis. Using computational design, time-correlated single photon counting, and expression measurements, we demonstrate that slow-folding and fast-folding RNA structures with equivalent folding energetics can vary protein synthesis rates by 1000-fold. We determine the necessary conditions for ribosome drafting by characterizing mRNAs with rationally designed ribosome binding rates, folding kinetics, and folding energetics, confirming the predictions of a nonequilibrium Markov model of translation. Our results have widespread implications, illustrating how competitive folding and assembly kinetics can shape the gene expression machinery’s sequence–structure–function relationship inside cells.
Measurement of particle size and refractive index using crossed-beam laser anemometry (1982)

The light scattered by spherical particles crossing the test space of a laser fringe anemometer is monitored simultaneously at two angles. From the visibilities of the signals the particle size distribution and one component of the refractive index may be determined. For non-absorbing particles this is the complete refractive index. Measurements were made on a water spray, glass ballotini and titanium and aluminium oxide particles in flames. Spherical metal oxide particles were produced by the combustion of metal powder in an oxygen-rich methane flame. Extension to the measurement of the full complex refractive index is discussed.
Forward thinking: Where are we heading? (2014)

Technology that affects the CEDIA channel is changing at such a rapid pace that making strategies for sustainable businesses has become more important than ever - in fact, it is urgent, writes Palo Alto-based integrator Rich Green.
Fully Automatic Segmentation of Lumbar Vertebrae from CT Images using Cascaded 3D Fully Convolutional Networks (2017)

We present a method to address the challenging problem of segmentation of lumbar vertebrae from CT images acquired with varying fields of view. Our method is based on cascaded 3D Fully Convolutional Networks (FCNs) consisting of a localization FCN and a segmentation FCN. More specifically, in the first step we train a regression 3D FCN (we call it "LocalizationNet") to find the bounding box of the lumbar region. After that, a 3D U-net like FCN (we call it "SegmentationNet") is then developed, which after training, can perform a pixel-wise multi-class segmentation to map a cropped lumber region volumetric data to its volume-wise labels. Evaluated on publicly available datasets, our method achieved an average Dice coefficient of 95.77 $\pm$ 0.81% and an average symmetric surface distance of 0.37 $\pm$ 0.06 mm.
In vitro measurement of margin of safety of neuromuscular transmission (1975)

The margin of safety of neuromuscular transmission was measured in isolated guinea pig lumbrical muscles. Twitch height of an indirectly stimulated muscle was reduced stepwise by suitable concentrations of tubocurarine for comparison with the associated occlusion of receptors by the drug. Receptor occlusion was estimated from the effect of tubocurarine on carbachol depolarization measured extracellularly by the moving-fluid electrode technique. Roughly 75-80% of the receptor pool had to be blocked before the twitch height began to fall, and 90-95% had to be blocked before the twitch response was completely abolished. These results agree well with those found previously in vivo. Thus, the present results add further support to the earlier measurements. In particular, artifacts that might have been present because of the complex pharmacokinetic situation in vivo have been ruled out.
Problem Statement for SIP/SIMPLE (2006)

As more experience of deploying SIMPLE based presence systems is
accumulated, it seems that deploying a large SIMPLE presence system is
actually a very hard task. The document analyzes several aspects of
SIMPLE based presence system deployment and shows that difficulties
around the amount of messages (network), state management (memory) and
processing load (cpu). Although this document is a problem statement
document and not a BCP document, several possible optimizations and
directions are listed at the end of the document in addition to an
initial set of requirements for what should be the characteristic of
the solution to the problem stated in the document This document is
intended to be used by the SIMPLE WG in order to work on possible
solutions that will make the deployment of a presence server more
reasonable task. Note that the document does not try to compare the
SIP based presence server to other types of presence servers but only
analyzes the SIP based presence server.
Simultaneous and wireless measurement of CO<inf>2</inf> and NO<inf>2</inf> using a saw reflective delay line (2009)

A 440 MHz wireless and passive surface acoustic wave (SAW) based micro-sensor was developed on a 41deg YX LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> piezoelectric substrate for simultaneous measurement of CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . The developed sensor consists of a SAW reflective delay lines structured by an interdigital transducer (IDT), ten reflectors, CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> sensitive film (Teflon AF 2400), and NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> sensitive film (Indium Tin Oxide). The coupling of mode (COM) modeling was conducted to determine optimal device parameters prior to fabrication. According to simulation results, the device was fabricated and then wirelessly measured using the network analyzer. The measured reflective coefficient S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> in the time domain showed high signal/noise (S/N) ratio, small signal attenuation, and few spurious peaks. From the experimental results, high selectivity and sensitivity were observed in each concentration of gases. The obtained sensitivity was 2.12deg/ppm for CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and 55.4deg/ppm for NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . Temperature compensation was performed during sensitivity evaluation process.
Rapid Thermal Annealing of GaN EpiLayer grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (2010)

We have investigated effects of the rapid thermal annealing of GaN epilayers by molecular beam epitaxy in nitrogen atmosphere. The improvement of structural properties of the samples was observed after rapid thermal annealing under optimum conditions. This improvement in crystal quality is due to a reduction of the spread in the lattice parameter in epilayers. The annealing has been performed in a rapid thermal annealing furnace at . The effect of rapid thermal annealing on the structural properties of GaN was studied by x-ray diffraction. The Bragg peak shifts toward larger angle as the annealing time increases. As the thermal treatment time increases, FWHM(full width at half maximum) of the peak slightly increase with its decreases followed and it increases again. Results demonstrate that rapid thermal annealing did not always promote qualities of GaN epilayers. However, rapid thermal annealing under optimum conditions improve structural properties of the samples, elevating their crystal quality with a reduction of inaccuracy in the lattice parameter of the epilayers.
Acidosis Dilates Brain Parenchymal Arterioles by Conversion of Calcium Waves to Sparks to Activate BK Channels (2011)

These results support the novel concept that acidification, by converting Ca(2+) waves to sparks, leads to the activation of BK(Ca) channels to induce dilation of cerebral PAs.
In Vitro Fertilization with Isolated Single Gametes (2003)

An experimental system has been established to isolate, handle, and fuse single gametes, which enables studies of gamete interaction, of gametic hybridization, and of events that occur immediately after gamete fusion. Also, starting with gamete fusion, the development of a single zygote into an embryo and finally into a plant can be followed in vitro. With experimental access to single gametes, to gamete fusion, and to events after fertilization, the consequences and significance of such early events on plant formation can be studied.