gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RADIOLYSIS OF METHANOL BY RECOILS FROM THE B<sup>10</sup> (N,α)LI<sup>7</sup> REACTION<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRADIOLYSIS OF METHANOL BY RECOILS FROM THE B10 (N,α)LI7 REACTION1Sang Up Choi, Norman N. Lichtin, and John J. RushCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 12, 3225Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01497a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01497a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Instability after total hip arthroplasty (2009)

This review focuses on the prevention of postoperative instability and describes current operative options that have the potential to significantly reduce the risk of instability and the necessity of post-dislocation management. The latest research findings are presented to improve the readers' grasp of this complex issue. Increasing evidence supports the use of larger femoral heads as the promising preventive material currently available, meticulous posterior capsular repair when a posterior approach is used, hip resurfacing and higher offset. Future research is needed to more precisely determine the risk of instability associated with the use of postoperative patient restrictions and exercises, minimal incision surgery and computer-assisted navigation. Instability after total hip arthroplasty is troublesome for the patient and challenging for the surgeon. This review provides the surgeon with an opportunity to thoroughly understand the factors that may contribute to instability after total hip arthroplasty, the operative strategies that can be used to prevent and treat postoperative instability and the necessity of developing a plan for optimally preventing and managing dislocation.
Fluorescence-type Monochromatic X-ray Beam-position Monitor with High-spatial Resolution for the NSLS-II Beamlines (2010)

We developed a fluorescence‐type monochromatic X‐ray beam‐position monitor (X‐BPM) with high‐spatial resolution for end‐station experiments at the initial project beamlines of the NSLS‐II. We designed a ring array of multi‐segmented Si PIN‐junction photodiodes to use as a position sensor. Further, we integrated a low‐noise charge‐preamplification HERMES4 ASIC chip into an electronic readout system for photon‐counting application. A series of precision measurements to characterize electronically the Si‐photodiode sensor and the ASIC chip demonstrated that the inherent noise from the detector system is sufficiently low to meet our stringent requirements. Using a Gaussian beam, we parametrically modeled the optimum working distance to ensure the detector’s best performance. Based upon the results from the parametric modeling, prototypes of the next versions of the X‐BPM are being developed. In this paper, we describe the methodology for developing the new compact monochromatic X‐ray BPM, including its instrumentation, detector modeling, and future plan.
A surgical predictive risk model of in-hospital mortality for primary resectable lung cancer: Statistical analysis of 8,796 patients from a nationally representative database (2007)

7677 Background: The aim of this study was twofold: to identify factors associated with in-hospital mortality among patients operated on for primary resectable lung cancer and to construct a risk model that could be used prospectively to inform decisions and retrospectively to enable comparisons and outcomes. Methods: Data from a nationally representative thoracic surgery database were collected prospectively in 59 hospitals between June 1, 2002 and December 1, 2006. Only adult patients with more than 95% of completed data were selected for the final analysis (n = 8,796 patients). Logistic regression analysis was used to predict the risk of in-hospital mortality. A risk model was developed with a training set of data (50% of patients) and validated on an independent test set (50% of patients). Its fit was assessed by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (larger p value signifies greater reliability), and predictive accuracy was indicated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (c-index). Results: Of the 8,796 original patients, 255 (2.9%) died during the same hospital admission. Within the data used to develop the model, the factors found to be significantly associated with the occurrence of in-hospital mortality in a multivariate analysis were: age, gender, performance status (World Health Organization) classification, side, class of procedure (lobectomy or wedge resection versus pneumonectomy), tumor histology, TNM stages and presence of co-morbid disease. The model was reliable (Hosmer-Lemeshow test = 8.94; p = 0.35) and accurate: the c-index (95% confidence interval) = 0.83 (0.81 to 0.85) for the training set and 0.82 (0.79 to 0.85) for the test set of data. The correlation between the expected and observed number of deaths was 0.99. Conclusions: The validated multivariate model for risk of in-hospital mortality among adult patients requiring surgery for primary resectable lung cancer described in this report was developed with national data, uses only 8 variables and has good performance characteristics. It would be useful both for calculating the mortality risk of an individual patient and contrasting expected and observed mortality rates for an institution or independent clinician. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Dual-Band Time-Multiplexing Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Based on Optical Parametric Amplification (2011)

We report a high-speed time-multiplexing dual wavelength band swept laser source based on an optical parametric amplifier. A dual-band swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) system is implemented to demonstrate the advantage of a second wavelength band for fast spectroscopic OCT (SOCT). The innovative time-multiplexing architecture greatly reduces the complexity of the coupling and detecting configuration in comparison with the previous dual-band swept-source setup. We demonstrate the optical parametric amplification’s characteristics as a dual-band generator and applied the source to firstly achieve the SOCT around 1550 nm.
Intramolecular proton transfer in [Ph<sub>2</sub>B–OH<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup>. Participation of a phenyl group (2003)

Ab initio calculations at the HF/6-31+G* level on [Ph2B–OH2]+ show that in the gas phase the structure with the proton attached to an ipso C is lower in energy than the one with the proton on the oxygen atom by 8.40 kcal mol−1. The transition states and reaction paths for intramolecular proton transfer in [Ph2B–OH2]+ have also been studied.
Interaction between LINC-ROR and Stemness State in Gastric Cancer Cells with Helicobacter pylori Infection (2021)

Background: LINC-ROR, as a cancer-related lncRNA, has vital roles in stem cell survival, pluripotency, differentiation, and self-renewal in hESCs. However, cancer-related molecular mechanisms, its functional roles, and clinical value of LINC-ROR in GC remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate probable interplay between LINC-ROR with SALL4 stemness regulator and their role with the development of the disease. Methods:
A cascade multilevel STATCOM for wind generation systems (2009)

This paper presents a novel STATCOM configuration for voltage quality improvement in wind power generation systems. The proposed STATCOM is formed by cascading two 3-level inverters, `bulk inverter' and `conditioning inverter', through a coupling transformer. Both inverters are powered by dc-link capacitors and they are charged by a small amount of active power drawn from the grid. To minimize switching losses, the high power bulk inverter operates at low frequency while low power high frequency conditioning inverter is used to suppress harmonic content produced by the bulk inverter output. With only 24 switches this topology can synthesize a nine level inverter, if the dc-link voltage ratio is maintained at 3:1. Modulation and control techniques have been developed to meet this requirement. Reactive power of the STATCOM is controlled to mitigate voltage sags or swells caused by sudden wind changes. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the efficacy of the proposed modulation and control techniques used in the STATCOM.
The slow components of phosphocreatine and pulmonary oxygen uptake can be dissociated during heavy exercise according to training status (2012)

To better understand the mechanisms underlying the pulmonary O(2) uptake (V(O(2P))) slow component during high-intensity exercise, we used (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gas exchange, surface electromyography and near-infrared spectroscopy measurements to examine the potential relationship between the slow components of V(O(2P)) and phosphocreatine (PCr), muscle recruitment and tissue oxygenation in endurance-trained athletes and sedentary subjects. Specifically, six endurance-trained and seven sedentary subjects performed a dynamic high-intensity exercise protocol during 6 min at an exercise intensity corresponding to 35-40% of knee-extensor maximal voluntary contraction. The slow component of V(O(2P))(117 ± 60 ml min(-1), i.e. 20 ± 10% of the total response) was associated with a paradoxical PCr resynthesis in endurance-trained athletes (-0.90 ± 1.27 mm, i.e. -12 ± 16% of the total response). Meanwhile, oxygenated haemoglobin increased throughout the second part of exercise and was significantly higher at the end of exercise compared with the value at 120 s (P < 0.05), whereas the integrated EMG was not significantly changed throughout exercise. In sedentary subjects, a slow component was simultaneously observed for V(O(2P)) and [PCr] time-dependent changes (208 ± 14 ml min(-1), i.e. 38 ± 18% of the total V(O(2P))response, and 1.82 ± 1.39 mm, i.e. 16 ± 13% of the total [PCr] response), but the corresponding absolute or relative amplitudes were not correlated. The integrated EMG was significantly increased throughout exercise in sedentary subjects. Taken together, our results challenge the hypothesis of a mechanistic link between [PCr] and V(O(2P)) slow components and demonstrate that, as a result of a tighter metabolic control and increased O(2) availability, the [PCr] slow component can be minimized in endurance-trained athletes while the V(O(2P)) slow component occurs.
For Manifold Learning, Deep Neural Networks can be Locality Sensitive Hash Functions (2021)

It is well established that training deep neural networks gives useful representations that capture essential features of the inputs. However, these representations are poorly understood in theory and practice. In the context of supervised learning an important question is whether these representations capture features informative for classification, while filtering out non-informative noisy ones. We explore a formalization of this question by considering a generative process where each class is associated with a high-dimensional manifold and different classes define different manifolds. Under this model, each input is produced using two latent vectors: (i) a "manifold identifier" $γ$ and; (ii)~a "transformation parameter" $θ$ that shifts examples along the surface of a manifold. E.g., $γ$ might represent a canonical image of a dog, and $θ$ might stand for variations in pose, background or lighting. We provide theoretical and empirical evidence that neural representations can be viewed as LSH-like functions that map each input to an embedding that is a function of solely the informative $γ$ and invariant to $θ$, effectively recovering the manifold identifier $γ$. An important consequence of this behavior is one-shot learning to unseen classes.
Monitoring real-time applications events in net-centric enterprise systems to ensure high quality of experience (2009)

Faced with intense competition, network service providers, supported by their respective network operations centers (NOCs), must ensure the best possible quality of service (QoS) and corresponding quality of experience (QoE) for end-users or face the loss of business. QoE represents the perception of quality experienced by end-users of a real-time system, such as VoIP. The QoE challenge becomes significant when real-time applications running on net-centric enterprise systems, driven by methodologies such as service oriented architecture (SOA), encounter issues that require time-sensitive problem determination and resolution. Optimizing end-user QoE becomes daunting as system complexity grows to span multiple applications and functions across different administrative areas of responsibility. Available tools fall short in their support of enterprise QoE monitoring because they examine only portions of the available data within their respective purview resulting in a fractionalized picture of the true state of the enterprise system. This paper addresses the above limitation by presenting an approach for aggregating observed real-time applications data across the enterprise, thereby permitting timely and effective interpretation and response to real-time application events. This approach uses a proven framework, reference architecture, and QoE metrics categories to produce simulation results for the collection, correlation and analysis of application information on net-centric enterprise systems. Results are presented for several VoIP scenarios including a denial of service (DoS) event that causes noticeable applications delay. These results represent measurements for over one billion packets derived from a large- scale simulation running on the UK national supercomputing service, HECToR. The paper concludes by highlighting key benefits to the service provider's business from using this approach.
Inhibiting the system xC−/glutathione axis selectively targets cancers with mutant-p53 accumulation (2017)

TP53, a critical tumour suppressor gene, is mutated in over half of all cancers resulting in mutant-p53 protein accumulation and poor patient survival. Therapeutic strategies to target mutant-p53 cancers are urgently needed. We show that accumulated mutant-p53 protein suppresses the expression of SLC7A11, a component of the cystine/glutamate antiporter, system x<sub>C</sub><sup>-</sup>, through binding to the master antioxidant transcription factor NRF2. This diminishes glutathione synthesis, rendering mutant-p53 tumours susceptible to oxidative damage. System x<sub>C</sub><sup>-</sup> inhibitors specifically exploit this vulnerability to preferentially kill cancer cells with stabilized mutant-p53 protein. Moreover, we demonstrate that SLC7A11 expression is a novel and robust predictive biomarker for APR-246, a first-in-class mutant-p53 reactivator that also binds and depletes glutathione in tumours, triggering lipid peroxidative cell death. Importantly, system x<sub>C</sub><sup>-</sup> antagonism strongly synergizes with APR-246 to induce apoptosis in mutant-p53 tumours. We propose a new paradigm for targeting cancers that accumulate mutant-p53 protein by inhibiting the SLC7A11-glutathione axis.
Identification of SERPINA1 as single marker for papillary thyroid carcinoma through microarray meta analysis and quantification of its discriminatory power in independent validation (2011)

We show that valuable new information can be gained from meta analysis of existing microarray data deposited in public repositories. While single microarray studies rarely exhibit a sample number which allows robust feature selection, this can be achieved by combining published data using DWD. This approach is not only efficient, but also very cost-effective. Independent validation shows the validity of the results from this meta analysis and confirms SERPINA1 as a potent mRNA marker for PTC in a total (meta analysis plus validation) of 181 samples.
Detection of Pulmonic and Tricuspid Valvular Regurgitation by Means of Indicator Solutions (1959)

The presence of pulmonic and tricuspid valvular regurgitation may often be suspected from careful clinical examination. However, the validity of the generally accepted clinical criteria remain to be established by technics that permit the direct demonstration of reverse flow across these valves during life. This has been made possible by the detection of cardiogreen and of radioactive krypton (Kr 85 ) in the right atrium or right ventricle after injection of these substances into a distal chamber.
The effect of wound dressings on infection following total joint arthroplasty (2017)

Level 1.
Hormone-Induced Homologous and Heterologous Desensitization in the Rat Adipocyte* (1981)

We examined the process of desensitization in the isolated rat adipocyte. When adipocytes were exposed to isoproterenol (10(-7) or 10(-5) M) or ACTH (250 mU/ml) for 2 h, there was a marked decline of as much as 77% in response upon restimulation by hormone, as measured by glycerol release or cAMP levels. This desensitization was both heterologous as well as homologous. Thus, for example, exposure of adipocytes to isoproterenol desensitized them to further stimulation by both isoproterenol and ACTH. The process was time dependent, since augmentation rather than desensitization was seen if cells were initially exposed to hormone for 30 min rather than 2 h. No desensitization was seen when the cells were restimulated with the nonhormonal lipolytic agent dibutyryl cAP. Similarly, no desensitization was seen when cells were first exposed to dibutyryl cAMP and then restimulated with hormone. We draw the following conclusions. First, desensitization in the adipocyte is a time- and dose-dependent process that is specific for adenylate cyclase-activating hormones. Secondly, the process is heterologous as well as homologous. Initial exposure of the adipocyte to one adenylate cyclase-activating hormone reduces its adenylate cyclase or lipolytic response upon reexposure to either the same or a different adenylate cyclase-activating hormone. Finally, the reduction in the end result of hormone activation, lipolysis, is due in part to a decrease in inducible levels of cAMP.
Pentacyclic Nitrofurans with In Vivo Efficacy and Activity against Nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2014)

The reductively activated nitroaromatic class of antimicrobials, which include nitroimidazole and the more metabolically labile nitrofuran antitubercular agents, have demonstrated some potential for development as therapeutics against dormant TB bacilli. In previous studies, the pharmacokinetic properties of nitrofuranyl isoxazolines were improved by incorporation of the outer ring elements of the antitubercular nitroimidazole OPC-67683. This successfully increased stability of the resulting pentacyclic nitrofuran lead compound Lee1106 (referred to herein as 9a). In the current study, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial properties of 9a and panel of 9a analogs, which were developed to increase oral bioavailability. These hybrid nitrofurans remained potent inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with favorable selectivity indices (>150) and a narrow spectrum of activity. In vivo, the pentacyclic nitrofuran compounds showed long half-lives and high volumes of distribution. Based on pharmacokinetic testing and lack of toxicity in vivo, 9a remained the series lead. 9a exerted a lengthy post antibiotic effect and was highly active against nonreplicating M. tuberculosis grown under hypoxia. 9a showed a low potential for cross resistance to current antitubercular agents, and a mechanism of activation distinct from pre-clinical tuberculosis candidates PA-824 and OPC-67683. Together these studies show that 9a is a nanomolar inhibitor of actively growing as well as nonreplicating M. tuberculosis.
Tunable absorption in a<i>ssV</i>-shaped multiple-quantum-well structure (1988)

Sawtooth doping superlattices are composed of alternating n-type Si and p-type Be \ensuremath{\delta}-doping layers with undoped GaAs layers (7--15 nm) between them. This doping profile leads to sawtooth-shaped conduction and valence bands in the growth direction. To investigate the photocurrent in these structures we made selective n- and p-type contacts to the sample, enabling us to measure the interesting behavior of the subband gap compared with the gap of the host semiconductor. The photocurrent is finite even when the photon energy is below the gap of GaAs and can be varied by applying a bias voltage between the n- and p-type contacts. We proposed a model based on the Franz-Keldysh theory of field-induced optical absorption which takes into account the finite voltage drop inside the sample and treats the internal field self-consistently. The relaxation process is investigated by considering the decay of the photocurrent after switching off the illumination. Our theory is in quite good agreement with the experimental results.
New concepts and designs for blast furnace linings and cooling systems (1996)

In the 1960`s, concurrent with major technological developments in blast furnace operation, cooling became increasingly important in extending furnace campaign life. Cooling systems developed from simple shower spray and jacket types, to intensive plate and stave systems. Each system has advantages and disadvantages. The principal furnace cooling areas are: underhearth (which has ceased to be a cause of premature end of a furnace campaign); and shell cooling using plates, staves and refractories. Plate coolers, a traditional method of furnace cooling, have developed through the years. Current designs for critical locations in the furnace include double chamber and 6-pass, single chamber copper castings. Their disadvantage is the requirement for large apertures in the furnace shell for installation that complicates the design of the shell. Stave coolers, designed to give protection to the furnace shell, even if the refractory is lost, provide more uniform cooling compared with plate coolers and extract less heat from the furnace. Although damaged stave coolers are difficult to replace, an increasing number of plants are adopting this method of cooling. There are four main types of cooling water circuits: once-through; open recirculating; evaporative; and closed loop. Greatest control of fouling, micro biological and scaling conditions is providedmore » by a closed-loop system. The lining of a blast furnace requires a wider range of refractories than any other process in iron and steelmaking. A recent example includes the application of the following materials: micropore carbon in the hearth wall; silicon carbide in the bosh, belly and lower stack; 65% alumina in the mid-stack; and staves in the upper stack.« less