gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Child-specific Health Risk Assessment of 25 Indoor Air pollutants in Child-care Facilities and Indoor Playgrounds (2010)

PP-31-046 Background/Aims: Children's exposures to environmental contaminants are expected to be different and, in many cases, much higher than adults. Differences in the behavior of children, particularly the way in which children interact with their environment, may also have a profound effect on the magnitude of exposures to contaminants. Especially, children's facilities are an important indoor environment for children and exposure area with potential harmful health effects for children who spend most of their daily life. Therefore, the present study was performed to assess the levels and characteristics of several pollutants in indoor environments, and to predict the child-specific health risk of indoor pollutants at children's facilities. Methods: The levels of 25 indoor pollutants (8 volatile organic compound [VOC], 3 aldehydes, 5 metal, 2 pesticides, 4 retardants, 3 phthalates) were assessed in indoor samples (dust, respiratory particulates, vapor, surface) at various children's facilities (40 day-care houses, 42 child-care centers, 44 kindergartens, and 42 indoor playgrounds) in summer (July–September, 2007), winter (January and February, 2008), and spring (March–April, 2008) periods. We analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for VOCs, pesticides, inductively coupled plasma for metals, and phthalates, and high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometryfor polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Results: The levels of VOCs, aldehydes, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and pesticides showed the seasonal variations, but the levels of phthalates and metals in summer period were similar to those in winter periods. The excess cancer risks of 9 carcinogens for children were 10–3–10–5 level in all facilities and excess cancer risks of dichlorvos and formaldehyde were more than 10–4 level, respectively. The 14% in the subject facilities were exceed to 1.0 of hazard index for 16 noncarcinogens. The exposure of dichlorvos could be done through various routes such as inhalation, hand-to-mouth, and skin contact, and major route of formaldehyde was inhalation for child in indoor environment. Conclusion: The dichlorvos and formaldehyde were selected as the major concern pollutants and need the risk reduction management plan at children's facilities.
31P NMR magnetization transfer study of the control of ATP turnover in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1996)

31P NMR magnetization transfer measurements have been used to measure the steady state flux between Pi and ATP in yeast cells genetically modified to overexpress an adenine nucleotide translocase isoform. An increase in Pi -> ATP flux and apparent ratio of moles of ATP synthesized/atoms of oxygen consumed (P:O ratio), when these cells were incubated with glucose, demonstrated that the reactions catalyzed by the translocase and F1F0 ATP synthase were readily reversible in vivo. However, when the same cells were incubated with ethanol alone, translocase overexpression had no effect on the measured Pi -> ATP flux or apparent P:O ratio, suggesting that the synthase was now operating irreversibly. This change was accompanied by an increase in the intracellular ADP concentration. These observations are consistent with a model proposed for the kinetic control of mitochondrial ATP synthesis, which was based on isotope exchange measurements with isolated mammalian mitochondria [LaNoue, K. F., Jeffries, F. M. H. & Radda, G. K. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 7667-7675].
Physical association of base excision repair enzymes with parental and replicating DNA in BHK-21 cells. (1989)

The physical association of mammalian excision repair enzymes with DNA was examined as a function of cell proliferation. The molecular weight distribution of two nuclear base excision repair enzymes, the uracil DNA glycosylase and the hypoxanthine DNA glycosylase, were examined by sucrose step gradient analysis. The sedimentation of DNA polymerase activity as well as the distribution of parental and replicating DNA were determined simultaneously. In confluent BHK-21 fibroblasts, basal levels of both DNA glycosylases, DNA polymerase beta, and parental DNA sedimented to the 20%/40% sucrose border. In proliferating BHK-21 cells, induced levels of both DNA glycosylases, DNA polymerase alpha, and replicating DNA sedimented to the 40%/50% sucrose border. The physical association of the repair enzymes with DNA was demonstrated by detergent treatment and by DNase digestion. As defined by [35S] methionine pulse labeling analysis, newly synthesized DNA repair enzymes were localized with either parental or replicating DNA. These results suggested that the physical association of mammalian DNA repair enzymes with nuclear DNA was dependent on the proliferative state of the cell.
Distribution of Mucinolytic Activity in Strains of Shigella (1956)

A survey was made to determine the incidence of mucinase production among representative strains of the genus Shigella. With the culture conditions employed, 24 out of 27 strains of Sh. flexneri 2a, 1 of 4 cultures of Sh. flexneri X and 2 of 9 strains of Sh. flexneri Y demonstrated mucino-lytic activity while none of the 214 strains of other serological types of dysentery bacilli were found to be active. Immunization of rabbits with a crude enzyme preparation from a strain of Sh. flexneri 2a yielded an antiserum which neutralized its mucinolytic activity.
Effect of lateral dimensional scaling on the thermal stability of thin CoSi2 layers reacted on polycrystalline silicon (2000)

The thermal stability of patterned cobalt silicide layers grown on polycrystalline silicon was studied by electrical and morphological analyses in the temperature range of 850–1000 °C. The strip degradation upon annealing resulted in a faster resistance increase than that in blanket films, and occurred from preferential agglomeration of the grains located at the strip edges. An activation energy for this process of 3.5 eV was obtained by the increase in resistance and attributed to the growth of silicon grains from the substrate that protruded into the silicide layer.
Polymorphic robotic system controlled by an observing camera (2010)

Polymorphic robotic systems, which are composed of many modular robots that act in coordination to achieve a goal defined on the system level, have been drawing attention of industrial and research communities since they bring additional flexibility in many applications. This paper introduces a new polymorphic robotic system, in which the detection and control of the modules are attained by a stationary observing camera. The modules do not have any sensory equipment for positioning or detecting each other. They are self-powered, geared with means of wireless communication and locking mechanisms, and are marked to enable the image processing algorithm detect the position and orientation of each of them in a two dimensional space. Since the system does not depend on the modules for positioning and commanding others, in a circumstance where one or more of the modules malfunction, the system will be able to continue operating with the rest of the modules. Moreover, to enhance the compatibility and robustness of the system under different illumination conditions, stationary reference markers are employed together with global positioning markers, and an adaptive filtering parameter decision methodology is enclosed. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first study to introduce a remote camera observer to control modules of a polymorphic robotic system.
RIE EFFECT ON THE FERROELECTRIC PROPERTIES (2006)

ABSTRACT Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) is used to etch the ferroelectric layer for the ferroelectric random access memories (FeRAMs) research, and the effect of RIE on the ferroelectric properties has been studied. The top platinum layer is etched by Ion Beam Etching (IBE) method, little polarization change has been observed after top electrode etching. The ferroelectric layer is etched by RIE, positive ions bombing the sample during etching and result in the positive ions left in the films. A significant polarization suppression has been found for the capacitors because of large amount ions existed in the films. The polarization can be recovered well after RTP annealing. However, the polarization decreases rapidly during fatigue test, which indicats that the introduced ions have not been removed completely after RTP annealing. On the contrary, the capacitor exhibits better fatigue behaviour because of few ions remained in the film after furnace annealing.
Expression Profiling of Primary and Recurrent Glioblastomas Reveals a Reduced Level of Pentraxin 3 in Recurrent Glioblastomas (2020)

Glioblastomas (GBM) are highly infiltrative tumors and despite intensive treatment tumor recurrence is inevitable. The immune microenvironment in recurrent GBM is poorly characterized, but it is potentially influenced by therapeutic interventions with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to obtain a deeper insight in the immune microenvironment in primary and recurrent GBM. Primary and recurrent glioblastoma samples from 18 patients were identified and expression profiling of 770 myeloid innate immune-related markers was performed. Leukemia inhibitory factor and pentraxin 3 were expressed at lower levels in recurrent tumors. Using in silico data and immunohistochemical staining, this was validated for pentraxin 3. Both high leukemia inhibitory factor and pentraxin 3 expression appeared to be associated with shorter survival in primary and recurrent GBM using in silico data. In primary GBM, gene set analysis also showed higher expression of genes involved in metabolism, extracellular matrix remodeling and complement activation, whereas genes involved in T cell activation and checkpoint signaling were expressed at higher levels in recurrent GBM. The reduced level of pentraxin 3 in recurrent glioblastomas and the gene set analysis results suggest an altered microenvironment in recurrent GBM that might be more active.
Design considerations for II–VI multi-gate transistors: the case of cadmium sulfide (2014)

In this paper, we report a feasibility study of MuGFETs (multi-gate field effect transistors) devices using solution-based cadmium sulfide films as the semiconductor. The simulations were carried out using the commercially available ATLAS simulator. Experimental parameters for CdS were extracted from planar thin film transistors fabricated using photolithography methods. Several critical design parameters for MuGFETs devices were studied, including fin width, fin high, channel length, and CdS carrier concentration. Short-channel effects can be reasonably controlled by reducing either fin height or width. It is shown that is possible to fabricate devices that operate in depletion or enhancement mode by controlling the device structure. ION/IOFF ratio was in the range 108–1010, subthreshold slope was closely related to the geometry of the MuGFET. We also observed that as the CdS carrier concentration decreases, the on-voltage shifts to positive values. Optimized MuGFETs simulated in enhancement mode show excellent subthreshold slope, and ION/IOFF ratio ∼1010. This study demonstrates that CdS can be used to fabricate enhanced mode/depletion mode devices using solution-based semiconductors. Furthermore, all processing is kept at temperatures below 100 °C, which demonstrates that these devices can be used in flexible substrates.
Vibrationally Induced Inelastic Structures in Laser Photoemission Spectra (2007)

We have succeeded in observing vibrationally induced inelastic structures in the photoemission spectra of carbon monoxide or oxygen covered Cu(001) surfaces excited by laser light. The structure appears as a step at the vibrational energy below the Fermi level. We found that the CO/Cu(001) spectra contain two step structures arising from the C-O internal stretching mode and the frustrated rotation mode. These steps shift to lower energy for 13C18O. In the O/Cu(001) spectra we have observed the inelastic structures originating from not only adsorbate-substrate vibrations but also substrate surface phonons.
One level up: abnormal proteolytic regulation of <scp>IGF</scp> activity plays a role in human pathophysiology (2017)

The discovery of a mutation in a specific gene can be very important for determining the pathophysiology underlying the disease of a patient and may also help to decide the best treatment protocol on an individual basis. However, sometimes the discovery of mutations in new proteins advances our comprehension in a more widespread manner. The growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 axis is fundamental for systemic growth, but is also involved in many other important processes. Our understanding of this system in physiology and pathophysiology has advanced throughout the years with each discovery of mutations in members of this axis. This review focuses on the most recent discovery: mutations in the metalloproteinase pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A2 (PAPP-A2), one of the proteases involved in liberating IGF-1 from the complexes in which it circulates, in patients with delayed growth failure. We also discuss the advances in the stanniocalcins (STC1 and STC2), proteins that modulate PAPP-A2, as well as PAPP-A. These new advances not only bring us one step closer to understanding the strict spatial and temporal control of this axis in systemic growth and maturation, but also highlight possible therapeutic targets when this system goes awry.
Metabolic and Kinetic Compartments of the Cell Cycle Distinguished by Multiparameter Flow Cytometry (1984)

All cellular constituents double in content during the cell cycle. With few exceptions (DNA, histones, other nuclear proteins or enzymes associated with DNA replication) their synthesis proceeds continuously, although often at varying rates throughout interphase. Therefore, at a given point of the cell cycle, the content of a particular constituent is a reflection of its rate of synthesis (prior to this point) and turnover. Accumulation of the product is also influenced by the rate of cell division inasmuch as during cytokinesis all constituents are divided between daughter cells and thus their content per cell is reduced two-fold. When cells undergo differentiation, unbalanced growth or enter quiescence, the respective rates of accumulation of particular products additionally change in relation to DNA replication (content). The association between cell growth measured by accumulation of some of these products (e.g. RNA or proteins) and cell progression through the DNA division cycle has been a subject of extensive investigation (reviews, 1–3). Yet, the exact nature of this association, especially the cause-effect relationship between cell growth and initiation of DNA replication, is still unclear (e.g. see 4).
Geometric Programming for Aircraft Design Optimization (2012)

Formulating conceptual-stage aircraft design problems as geometric programs, which are a specific type of convex optimization problem, is proposed. Recent advances in convex optimization offer sign...
Ultrasound contrast media in the characterization of soft tissue lesions: ongoing research (2007)

CT and MR imaging modalities have long used intravenously injected contrast material to visualize blood flow in the microcirculation and larger vasculatures. The use of microbubbles enables ultrasound to complement CT and MR in a number of clinical areas where perfusion is an important clinical differentiator. In many countries, ultrasound contrast agents are transitioning from research to clinical use as another tool in the characterization of liver and kidney lesions. The portability and real-time nature of ultrasound combined with contrast is finding new clinical utility in interventional therapies with the liver. The spatial and temporal resolution obtainable with ultrasound contrast provides new physiologic and pathophysiologic information not previously available. Despite continuing advances in the sensitivity of diagnostic ultrasound systems, Doppler-based imaging techniques are unable to detect low-velocity blood flow in the microcirculation or smaller vessels. The chief difficulty these techniques share is that blood is a weak reflector
Meet EDGAR, a tutoring agent at MONSERRATE (2013)

In this paper we describe a platform for embodied conversational agents with tutoring goals, which takes as input written and spoken questions and outputs answers in both forms. The platform is developed within a game environment, and currently allows speech recognition and synthesis in Portuguese, English and Spanish. In this paper we focus on its understanding component that supports in-domain interactions, and also small talk. Most indomain interactions are answered using different similarity metrics, which compare the perceived utterances with questions/sentences in the agent’s knowledge base; small-talk capabilities are mainly due to AIML, a language largely used by the chatbots ’ community. In this paper we also introduce EDGAR, the butler of MONSERRATE, which was developed in the aforementioned platform, and that answers tourists ’ questions about MONSER-RATE. 1
Retinoids, Vitamin D, Invasion, and Metastasis (2006)

Prostate cancer has a long latency period: 20 to 30 years or more [...]
Effect of composition fluctuations on tracer diffusion in symmetric diblock copolymers (1998)

We report forced Rayleigh scattering measurements of the tracer diffusion of poly(ethylenepropylene) (PEP) homopolymers in nearly symmetric poly(ethylenepropylene)-b-poly(ethylethylene) (PEP-PEE) block copolymer matrices, both above and below the order–disorder transition. Measurements of PEP-PEE copolymer diffusion in the same matrices have been reported previously. The results indicate that fluctuations suppress diffusion of both homopolymer and copolymer tracers, as predicted by recent theories. However, in the quenched ordered state, diffusion suppression is considerably stronger for block copolymer tracers than for homopolymer tracers, which appears to be counter to theoretical expectation. Varying the tracer molecular weight has little effect on the suppression of homopolymer diffusion, whereas it has a substantial effect on copolymer tracer diffusion. These differences are attributed to differential chain localization or confinement: an entangled copolymer tracer tends to be pinned near the interface between microdomains, and has to pay a significant enthalpic penalty for diffusion in any direction, as the reptating chain has to drag one block through the other microdomain. On the other hand, although a homopolymer tracer tends to be located within one microdomain, it can presumably diffuse across several grains without penalty, by reptating predominantly within a single lamella.
Hyperspectral optical imaging of two different species of lepidoptera (2011)

In this article, we report a hyperspectral optical imaging application for measurement of the reflectance spectra of photonic structures that produce structural colors with high spatial resolution. The measurement of the spectral reflectance function is exemplified in the butterfly wings of two different species of Lepidoptera: the blue iridescence reflected by the nymphalid Morpho didius and the green iridescence of the papilionid Papilio palinurus. Color coordinates from reflectance spectra were calculated taking into account human spectral sensitivity. For each butterfly wing, the observed color is described by a characteristic color map in the chromaticity diagram and spreads over a limited volume in the color space. The results suggest that variability in the reflectance spectra is correlated with different random arrangements in the spatial distribution of the scales that cover the wing membranes. Hyperspectral optical imaging opens new ways for the non-invasive study and classification of different forms of irregularity in structural colors.
2-Hydroxy-1-oxo-1,2-dihydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic Acid with Inbuilt &#946;-N-Hydroxy-&#x3B3;-keto-acid Pharmacophore as HCV NS5B Polymerase Inhibitors (2012)

The inbuilt 2-N-hydroxy-1-oxo-3-carboxylic acid of isoquinolone was designed as pyrophosphate mimic for hepatitis C NS5B polymerase. Various 2-hydroxy-1-oxo-1,2-dihydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives 11a-p were synthesized and evaluated as HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors. Compound 11c exhibited moderate inhibitory potency based on the inorganic pyrophosphate generation (IC₅₀ = 9.5 μM) and based on NTP incorporation by NS5B enzyme (IC₅₀ = 5.9 μM). Compound 11c demonstrated antiviral activity (EC₅₀ = 15.7 μM) and good selectivity in HCV genotype 1b replicon Ava.5 cells. Compound 11c reduced the interaction of NTP to NS5B polymerase. Docking model showed that 11c situated in similar orientation to the bound uridine triphosphate in the active site of NS5B polymerase. As a result, 2-hydroxy-1-oxo-1,2-dihydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid was disclosed as a novel inbuilt β-N-Hydroxy-γ-keto-acid pharmacophore for HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors.
Oxidative reactions of caffeic acid in model systems containing polyphenol oxidase (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidative reactions of caffeic acid in model systems containing polyphenol oxidaseVeronique. Cheynier and Michel. MoutounetCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 11, 2038–2044Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00023a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views777Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (809 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Antibiotic Treatment of Children With Sore Throat (2005)

Physicians prescribed antibiotics to 53% of children with sore throat, in excess of the maximum expected prevalence of GABHS. Although there was a decrease in the proportion of children receiving antibiotics between 1995 and 2003, this was due to decreased prescribing of agents recommended for GABHS. Although GABHS testing was associated with a lower rate of antibiotic prescribing for children with diagnosis codes of pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and streptococcal sore throat, GABHS testing was underused.