gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microbial groundwater quality and its health implications for a border-strip irrigated dairy farm catchment, South Island, New Zealand (2007)

Intensification of dairying on irrigated pastures has led to concern over the microbial quality of shallow groundwater used for drinking purposes. The effects of intensive dairying and border-strip irrigation on the leaching of E. coli and Campylobacter to shallow groundwater were assessed over a three-year period in the Waikakahi catchment, Canterbury, New Zealand. Well selection excluded other sources of contamination so that the effect of dairying with border-strip irrigation could be assessed. Groundwater samples (135) were collected, mostly during the irrigation season, with E. coli being detected in 75% of samples. Campylobacter was identified in 16 samples (12%). A risk assessment of drinking water with these levels of Campylobacter was undertaken. A probability distribution was fitted to the observed Campylobacter data and the @RISK modeling software was used, assuming a dose response relationship for Campylobacter and consumption of 1 L/day of water. The probability of infection on any given day in the study area was estimated at 0.50% to 0.76%, giving an estimated probability of infection during the irrigation season of 60% to 75%. An epidemiological assessment of the Canterbury region comparing areas encompassing dairy within major irrigation schemes (approximately 55% border-strip irrigation) to two control groups was undertaken. Control group 1 (CG1) encompasses areas of dairying without major irrigation schemes, and a second larger control group (CG2) comprises the rest of the Canterbury region. Comparisons of the subject group to control groups indicated that there was a statistically significant increase in age-standardised rates of campylobacteriosis (CG1 Relative Risk (RR)=1.51 (95% CI = 1.31-1.75); CG2 RR = 1.51 (1.33-1.72)); cryptosporidiosis (CG1 RR = 2.08 (1.55-2.79); CG2 RR = 5.33 (4.12-6.90)); and salmonellosis (CG2 RR = 2.05 (1.55-2.71)).
Nematic liquid crystal modulator with response time less than 100 μs at room temperature (1990)

A high-speed nematic liquid crystal modulator with response time less than 100 μs at room temperature was demonstrated. The effects that contribute to the observed high speed are the transient nematic effect, a new liquid crystal mixture, and a holding voltage technique.
Jerome M. Clubb, William H. Flanigan, and Nancy H. Zingale, Partisan Realignment: Voters, Parties, and Government in American History (Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1980) $20.00 (1982)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Assay of intestinal disaccharidases (1984)

A modified and updated description of the author's method for the assay of intestinal disaccharidases. The principle of the method is the following: an intestinal homogenate is incubated with the appropriate disaccharide. The disaccharidase activity is then interrupted by the addition of TRIS, and the glucose liberated is measured with a glucose oxidase reagent.
ANTIPHLOGISTIC EFFECT OF TRYPSIN IN NORMAL AND IN ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS (1955)

Acute and chronic inflammation were produced in the paws of normal and of adrenalectomized rats by the injection of yeast, egg white, or kaolin. Swelling was measured linearly and volumetrically. Trypsin exerted an antiphlogistic effect on the acute stage of inflammation in both normal and adrenalectomized rats.
The Measurement of Pressures under the Foot (1982)

An apparatus is described which gives a rapid and detailed picture of the distribution of pressure under the foot, this being displayed either as a continuous grey scale or a color contour map on a television monitor. Automatic analysis systems are outlined which enable the quantitation of the distribution of pressures and loads under the foot during standing and walking, utilizing computer techniques. The use of the static system is illustrated by the results of analytic procedures carried out on normal feet and in the assessment of surgical correction of a series of equino-varus feet in children suffering from spina bifida. The clinical application of the dynamic system is illustrated by the measurement of pressure/time curves encountered under the heel, the five metatarsal heads, and the great toe of a control group of feet and the feet of patients who had undergone metatarsophalangeal fusions, Keller arthroplasties, and Swanson arthroplasties.
Mechanical behavior and buckling failure of sharp-notched circular tubes under cyclic bending (2010)

In this paper, an experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior and buckling failure of sharp-notched circular tubes subjected to cyclic bending is discussed. The unnotched and sharp-notched circular tubes of SUS 304 stainless steel were tested under symmetric curvature-controlled cyclic bending. It was found from moment-curvature curves that the loops show cyclic hardening and gradually steady after a few cycles for all tested tubes. The ovalization-curvature curves show an unsymmetric, ratcheting and increasing manner with the number of cycles. In addition, it was found that six almost parallel lines corresponding to unnotched and five different notch-depth (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 mm) tubes were noted from the experimental relationship between the cyclic controlled curvature and the number of cycles necessary to produce buckling on a log-log scale. An empirical formulation was proposed so that it could be used for simulating the aforementioned relationship. By comparing with the experimental finding, the simulation was in good agreement with the experimental data.
THE EFFECTS OF RED BLOOD CELL EXTRACTS ON THE PROLIFERATION OF ERYTHROCYTE PRECURSOR CELLS, <i>IN VIVO</i> (1977)

ABSTRACT Saline incubation extracts of mature erythrocytes were assayed in vivo by a variety of techniques in order to study their ability to modify the proliferation of maturing erythroid cells. Using comparable extracts from granulocytes and lymphocytes, the specificity of the effect of the red cell extract for erythroid cells was confirmed by measurement of autoradiographic labelling indices, radio‐iron incorporation and spleen colony growth. The erythroid cells were found to be very sensitive to the effects of the extract, as little as 10 μg per mouse producing a maximum effect on iron incorporation. It was found that the extract does not block erythroid cell proliferation completely but simply lengthens the cell cycle, mainly by increasing the G 1 phase of the cycle. There was no effect on the committed erythroid precursor cells. The in vivo activity, specificity and non‐toxicity to the cells, together with the cells' sensitivity to red cell extract suggest, therefore, that this inhibitor may play a physiological role in the control of red cell production.
12.5 Gbps 1:16 DEMUXIC with high speed synchronizing circuits (2011)

A 12.5 Gbps 1:16 demultiplexer (DEMUX) integrated circuit is presented for multi-channel high-speed data transmission. A novel high-speed synchronizing technique is proposed and integrated in this DEMUX chip. Compared with conventional synchronizing techniques, the proposed method largely simplifies the system configuration. The experimental result demonstrates that the proposed circuit is effective in two-channel synchronization under a clock frequency of 12.5 GHz. The circuit is realized using 1 μm GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor technology with die area of 2.3 × 2.3 mm2.
Evolution of Various Porphyrin Nanostructures via an Oil/Aqueous Medium: Controlled Self-Assembly, Further Organization, and Supramolecular Chirality (2010)

We have shown that various porphyrin-containing nanostructures can be easily synthesized by a surfactant-assisted self-assembly (SAS) method, where an oil/aqueous medium is employed. When a chloroform solution of zinc 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine (ZnTPyP) was added dropwise into cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) aqueous solution, diverse ZnTPyP-based nanostructures, including hollow nanospheres, solid nanospheres, nanotubes, nanorods, and nanofibers, were successfully assembled. Depending on the aging time, when a low-concentration CTAB aqueous solution was employed, hollow nanospheres or nanotubes were produced. In contrast, either solid nanospheres or nanorods were obtained by using a CTAB aqueous solution in moderate concentration. Moreover, solid nanospheres or nanofibers were produced, when a high-concentration CTAB aqueous solution was used. We have further shown that the nanorods can be hierarchically organized into a regular nanoarray on silicon substrates over a large area, while the other nanostructures cannot. Interestingly, the nanorods displayed distinct supramolecular chirality although the employed ZnTPyP is achiral. On the basis of the information obtained from scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, fast Fourier transformation, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and UV−vis and circular dichroism spectra, a tentative explanation has been proposed. Our investigation suggests that the SAS method via an oil/aqueous medium is an efficient way to synthesize organic nanostructures in a controlled manner, and that such nanostructures can show different chiroptical and assembly properties.
DNA relatedness and biochemical features of Campylobacter spp. isolated in central and South Australia (1985)

Investigations of the etiology of diarrhea in patients in South Australia and the Northern Territory showed that Campylobacter spp. other than Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli were common in children. Campylobacters which were hippurate positive, nitrate negative, and susceptible to cephalothin and polymyxins were shown to be closely related to C. jejuni by DNA studies. Thermotolerant catalase-negative campylobacters were also isolated. These were H2S negative and biochemically resembled the catalase-negative or weak strains found in dogs in Sweden. DNA studies showed these campylobacters to be distinct from C. sputorum subsp. sputorum and to form a homogeneous group distinct from the enteropathogenic catalase-positive campylobacters. Preliminary studies suggest that these campylobacters are related to the Swedish catalase-negative or weak strains.
Recent Advances in Toll Like Receptor-Targeting Glycoconjugate Vaccines (2018)

Many malignant cell surface carbohydrates resulting from abnormal glycosylation patterns of certain diseases can serve as antigens for the development of vaccines against these diseases. However, carbohydrate antigens are usually poorly immunogenic by themselves, thus they need to be covalently coupled with immunologically active carrier molecules to be functional. The most well established and commonly used carriers are proteins. In recent years, the use of toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands to formulate glycoconjugate vaccines has gained significant attention because TLR ligands can serve not only as carrier molecules but also as built-in adjuvants to form fully synthetic and self-adjuvanting conjugate vaccines, which have several advantages over carbohydrate-protein conjugates and formulated mixtures with external adjuvants. This article reviews recent progresses in the development of conjugate vaccines based on TLR ligands. Two major classes of TLR ligands, lipopeptides and lipid A derivatives will be covered with more focus on monophosohoryl lipid A (MPLA) and related analogs, which are TLR4 ligands demonstrated to be able to provoke T cell-dependent, adaptive immune responses. Corresponding conjugate vaccines have shown promising application potentials to multiple diseases including cancer.
Natural History of Psoriasis in 61 Twin Pairs (1974)

The history of psoriasis in 95 twin individuals was compared with that of a matched control group of singleton (nontwin) psoriatics. The findings indicate that twin members with psoriasis do not differ from psoriatic singletons in the general population, with respect to clinical manifestations of the disease. Psoriasis in concordant monozygotic twin pairs tended to be similar, with respect to age of onset, distribution pattern, severity, and course. This pattern was not found in concordant dizygotic twin pairs. The striking difference in rate of concordance for psoriasis between monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs indicates that there is a heritable contribution to the etiology of psoriasis. The fact that not all monozygotic twin pairs are concordant suggests that environmental factors are also important and supports a theory of a multifactorial mode of inheritance for psoriasis.
Connecting Requirements to Architecture and Analysis via Model-Based Systems Engineering (2015)

In traditional systems engineering practice, architecture, concept development, and requirements development are related but still separate activities. Concepts for operation, key technical approaches, and related proofs of concept are developed. These inform the formulation of an architecture at multiple levels, starting with the overall system composition and functionality and progressing into more detail. As this formulation is done, a parallel activity develops a set of English that constrain solutions. These requirements are often called shall statements since they are formulated to use shall. The separation of requirements from design is exacerbated by well-meaning tools like the Dynamic Object-Oriented Requirements System (DOORS) that remained separated from engineering design tools. With the Europa Clipper project, efforts are being taken to change the requirements development approach from a separate activity to one intimately embedded in formulation effort. This paper presents a modeling approach and related tooling to generate English requirement from constraints embedded in architecture definition.
Acquisition, Orthorectification, and Object-based Classification of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Imagery for Rangeland Monitoring (2010)

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for natural resource applications has increased considerably in recent years due to their greater availability, the miniaturization of sensors, and the ability to deploy a UAV relatively quickly and repeatedly at low altitudes. We examine in this paper the potential of using a small UAV for rangeland inventory, assessment and monitoring. Imagery with a ground resolved distance of 8 cm was acquired over a 290 ha site in southwestern Idaho. We developed a semiautomated orthorectification procedure suitable for handling large numbers of small-footprint UAV images. The geometric accuracy of the orthorectified image mosaics ranged from 1.5 m to 2 m. We used object-based hierarchical image analysis to classify imagery of plots measured concurrently on the ground using standard rangeland monitoring procedures. Correlations between imageand ground-based estimates of percent cover resulted in r-squared values ranging from 0.86 to 0.98. Time estimates indicated a greater efficiency for the image-based method compared to ground measurements. The overall classification accuracies for the two image mosaics were 83 percent and 88 percent. Even under the current limitations of operating a UAV in the National Airspace, the results of this study show that UAVs can be used successfully to obtain imagery for rangeland monitoring, and that the remote sensing approach can either complement or replace some ground-based measurements. We discuss details of the UAV mission, image processing and analysis, and accuracy assessment.
<title>Accuracy potential of large-format still-video cameras</title> (1997)

High resolution digital stillvideo cameras have found wide interest in digital close range photogrammetry in the last five years. They can be considered fully autonomous digital image acquisition systems without the requirement of permanent connection to an external power supply and a host computer for camera control and data storage, thus allowing for convenient data acquisition in many applications of digital photogrammetry. The accuracy potential of stillvideo cameras has been extensively discussed. While large format CCD sensors themselves can be considered very accurate measurement devices, lenses, camera bodies and sensor mounts of stillvideo cameras are not compression techniques in image storage, which may also affect the accuracy potential. This presentation shows recent experiences from accuracy tests with a number of large format stillvideo cameras, including a modified Kodak DCS200, a Kodak DCS460, a Nikon E2 and a Polaroid PDC-2000. The tests of the cameras include absolute and relative measurements and were performed using strong photogrammetric networks and good external reference. The results of the tests indicate that very high accuracies can be achieved with large blocks of stillvideo imagery especially in deformation measurements. In absolute measurements, however, the accuracy potential of the large format CCD sensors is partly ruined by a lack of stability of the cameras.
Collagen disease: the enemy within. (1999)

Surprisingly, the autoimmune diseases predominate in women of childbearing years. Recent evidence suggests that these diseases are the result of some interaction of the hypothalamic-gonadal axis with the immune system. The median age for rheumatoid arthritis is 45 years, the median age for lupus erythematosus is 25. Other illnesses, which are autoimmune in character, such as Sjögren syndrome, scleroderma and the vasculitides, are also more commonly found in women. There is no link that ties these illnesses together, except for gender and various disparate immune manifestations such as autoantibodies. The etiopathogenesis of these diseases is reviewed. These diseases are notoriously difficult to diagnose; they mimic other illnesses in their early presentations. Accompanying illnesses such as migraine headaches, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and fibromyalgia are discussed as related entities. Immunosuppression of diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus, is discussed. Various methods of management are considered, such as the use of steroids, cytotoxic agents, and new experimental agents, such as DHEA and IVIG.
Metastatic Carcinoma in Lymph Nodes of Neck - Analysis of 221 Cases Diagnosed by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology - (1995)

Two hundred and twenty one consecutive patients with enlarged lymph nodes of the neck were diagnosed as metastatic carcinoma by fine needle aspiration. The metastatic carcinomas were most frequent in the supraclavicular lymph nodes (p
Clones: A Survey (2012)

Various types of clones are available in a code which ultimately leads to a redundant code. But every redundant code is not a clone. It can be thought of as a duplicate code which can be either duplicate or somewhat changed as duplicate. In this paper we have described various types of clones which include both similar and identical clones and their classifications in further sub categories.
Diagnostic techniques for semiconductor materials processing II : symposium held November 27-30, 1995, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (1996)

The fabrication of Si- and compound semiconductor-based devices involves a number of steps ranging from material growth to pattern definition by lithography, and ultimately, pattern transfer by etching/deposition. The key to device manufacturing, however, is reproducibility, low cost and high yield. Diagnostic techniques allow correlation between processing and actual device performance to be established. Researchers from universities, industry and government come together in this book to examine the advances in diagnostic techniques that provide critical information on structural, optical and electrical properties of semiconductor devices, as well as monitoring techniques for equipment/processes for control and feedback. The overriding goal is for rapid, accurate materials characterization, both in situ and ex situ. Topics include: in situ diagnostics; proximal probe microscopies; optical probes of devices and device properties; spectroscopic ellipsometry/structural diagnostics; and material analysis - X-ray techniques, strain measurements and passivation.
Research on Friction and Wear Properties of Ti(C,N)/Fe Composites (2013)

The effect of different load, revolving speed ,content of Ti(C,N) and sintering process on the friction coefficient and wear rate of Ti(C,N)/Fe composites was investigated systemically. Besides, the wear morphology of Ti(C,N)/Fe composites were researched with an environment scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and the phase composition were studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The research shows that the wear mechanism of Ti(C,N)/Fe composites are abrasive wear and adhesive wear.
Good Laboratory Practice Considerations for Electronic Records (2002)

GLPs are in place to ensure both data quality and integrity. The use of computerized systems and data exchange between systems external to one another dictates the creation of electronic records. As such, these records are subject to the same GLP parameters as paper records. The data must be accurate, authentic, attributable, current and legible. The regulatory guidelines below, although not all inclusive, address implementation and consistency of electronic data interchange, and promote the integrity of any data created, modified, maintained, archived, retrieved or transmitted via computerized systems.
A New Computer Program for Cutting Head Design of Roadheaders and Drum Shearers (2001)

This paper is concerned with a new computer program developed for the design, of the cutting heads employed on mechanical excavation machines. Computer aided design (CAD) technique was proven to improve the performance and life span of these machines, when used in designing cutting beads. A number of computer programs are utilized in practice, none of which considers the aspects of multi-tracking. A series of laboratory and In-situ experiments were carried out through comparing a triple tracking arrangement that is widely employed on three-start shearer drums worldwide, to a single tracking arrangement in an effort to close this gap in this field. The data gained from these experiments were evaluated and embedded into the current computer program VAP (Vibration Analysis Program), and the new computer program was developed. The results of computer analysis for the both tracking arrangements were found to be in good agreement with those of laboratory and in-situ studies.
Examining an Underdeveloped Constitutional Standard: Trial In Absentia and the Relinquishment of a Criminal Defendant's Right to be Present (2012)

The right of a criminal defendant to be present at trial has been characterized by the Supreme Court as “one of the most basic rights” guaranteed by the Constitution, and yet the Court has only intermittently discussed the constitutional standard for assessing its relinquishment. Both federal and state courts now perceive that the constitutional standard only requires a voluntary, knowing and intelligent waiver, and they frequently focus upon the issue of the voluntariness of a defendant’s absence. A large number of the federal circuits have supplemented this constitutional standard with a non-constitutional, supervisory requirement that a trial court balance the individual and governmental interests involved before proceeding with trial in absentia. This approach has not commended itself to a majority of the state courts which have considered it.This article discusses the evolution of relinquishment analysis in the Supreme Court and the development in the federal courts of this non-constitutional, prudential methodology. It then concludes that there is a need to refine the constitutional standard for assessing a potential relinquishment of the right to be present, so that both the individual and societal interests involved are more adequately accommodated.
Survivin expression in ovarian cancer. (2007)

Our study suggest that survivin is associated with progression of ovarian carcinoma.