gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emergence of Real Casualties During Simulated Chemical Warfare Training Under High Heat Conditions (1985)

This paper reports qualitative findings from a larger study of medical unit personnel participating in a three day simulated chemical warfare field training exercise. Behavioral and biopsychological responses of personnel are described. Data collection strategies included participant observation and semi-structured interviews. The Lehtmets Heat Injury Checklist was used to assess physiological parameters of heat stress. An FTX MOPP IV Questionnaire was utilized to collect demographic, training, and biopsychological data. The paper summarizes field observations and presents case studies of real casualties that emerged during the exercise. Numerous implications for training and research are identified.
Defenders in Retreta: Freedom of Association and Civil Society in Egypt (2009)

El terremoto de la movilizacion social sin precedentes a lo largo de 2005 abrio esperanzas de que Egipto por fin se encaminaria hacia una apertura democratica genuina y tomara las riendas para apartar a la region de su larga trayectoria autocratica. Sin embargo, al dia de hoy, estas expectativas se han eclipsado. Por el momento, la transicion democratica de Egipto parece haber desaparecido de la agenda. Las ONGs egipcias dedicadas al tema de derechos humanos estan trabajando bajo una presion del gobierno cada vez mayor.

Este documento de Kristina Kausch analiza el grado de libertad de la sociedad civil en Egipto e identifica los principales obstaculos a los que las ONG, los partidos politicos y los sindicatos se tienen que enfrentar. La reforma prevista de la ya muy restrictiva Ley de Associaciones probablemente limitara el espacio de la sociedad civil aun mas. El papel de los servicios secretos de monitorear e importunar a activistas politicos fuera de los limites de la ley impide a estos ultimos emprender acciones legales. 

El Estado de emergencia permanente otorga al gobierno poderes ilimitados para restringir las actividades de las ONG, los sindicatos, los partidos politicos y los medios de comunicacion a su voluntad. Estas condiciones asperas en las que la sociedad civil egipcia se ve forzada a operar se tornan aun mas graves en vistas de la actual tensa calma previa a un cambio politico que pondra fin al era Hosni Mubarak.
The Identity of Heilpern's “Pinacolylthiourea” and the Preparation of Authentic 2-Thiono-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazolidine (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Identity of Heilpern's “Pinacolylthiourea” and the Preparation of Authentic 2-Thiono-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazolidineRalph SayreCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 24, 6689–6690Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1955https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01629a112RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views831Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (294 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Key enzymes behind black pepper aroma in wines (2016)

Sesquiterpene rotundone provides aroma in common herbs such as rosemary and thyme, and is responsible for the peppery scent of Shiraz wines. In this issue of Journal of Experimental Botany, Takase et al. (pages 787–798) and Drew et al. (pages 799–808) provide the basis for understanding the key steps leading to the synthesis of alpha-guaiene and its enzymatic oxidation to rotundone in the grapevine berry at a molecular level
Secure Remote Health Monitoring with Unreliable Mobile Devices (2012)

As the nation's healthcare information infrastructure continues to evolve, new technologies promise to provide readily accessible health information that can help people address personal and community health concerns. In particular, wearable and implantable medical sensors and portable computing devices present many opportunities for providing timely health information to health providers, public health professionals, and consumers. Concerns about privacy and information quality, however, may impede the development and deployment of these technologies for remote health monitoring. Patients may fail to apply sensors correctly, device can be stolen or compromised (exposing the medical data therein to a malicious party), low-cost sensors controlled by a capable attacker might generate falsified data, and sensor data sent to the server can be captured in the air by an eavesdropper; there are many opportunities for sensitive health data to be lost, forged, or exposed. In this paper, we design a framework for secure remote health-monitoring systems; we build a realistic risk model for sensor-data quality and propose a new health-monitoring architecture that is secure despite the weaknesses of common personal devices. For evaluation, we plan to implement a proof of concept for secure health monitoring.
Phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis C virus isolates and their correlation to viremia, liver function tests, and histolog (1996)

Nucleotide sequence analysis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) strains showed substantial variability leading to a classification into several genotypes and subtypes. The data correlating HCV genotypes and subtypes with hepatitis C viremia levels, demographic characteristics of patients (age, mode of transmission, duration of infection), and severity of liver disease are conflicting. The interpretation of several studies is further complicated because the molecular methods used lacked specificity for genotyping/subtyping and underestimated viremia levels, especially in patients infected with HCV genotypes 2 and 3. In the present study we investigated 97 consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis C using molecular “gold standard” methods. HCV subtyping was performed by sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the nonstructural (NS)-5 region and serum HCV-RNA concentration was assessed by a validated genotype-independent quantitative reverse- transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay using an internal RNA standard. Patients infected with subtypes HCV-1b, HCV-2a-c, and HCV-4 were older than patients infected with HCV-1a and HCV-3a. Serum HCV-RNA levels ranged from 1.5 × 104 to 1.0 × 108 copies/mL with no significant differences between median serum HCV-RNA concentrations in patients infected with different genotypes/subtypes. Although patients infected with HCV-1b were older, no biochemical or histological evidence was obtained that this subtype is associated with more severe liver disease. Furthermore, the present study showed a lack of correlation between the serum HCV-RNA concentration, biochemical parameters, and liver histology. The median serum HCV-RNA levels in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis were 5.0 × 106 copies/mL, 2.5 × 106 copies/mL, and 5.0 × 106 copies/mL, respectively. These differences were not significant. In conclusion, using optimized and validated molecular techniques, the present cross-sectional study showed no correlation between HCV genotypes/subtypes, viremia, liver function test results, and histology.
A super scalar sort algorithm for RISC processors (1996)

The compare and branch sequences required in a traditional sort algorithm can not efficiently exploit multiple execution units present in currently available high performance RISC processors. This is because of the long latency of the compare instructions and the sequential algorithm used in sorting. With the increased level of integration on a chip, this trend is expected to continue. We have developed new sort algorithms which eliminate almost all the compares, provide functional parallelism which can be exploited by multiple execution units, significantly reduce the number of passes through keys, and improve data locality. These new algorithms outperform traditional sort algorithms by a large factor.For the Datamation disk to disk sort benchmark (one million 100-byte records), at SIGMOD'94, Chris Nyberg et al presented several new performance records using DEC alpha processor based systems.We have implemented the Datamation sort benchmark using our new sort algorithm on a desktop IBM RS/6000 model 39H (66.6 MHz) with 8 IBM SSA 7133 disk drives (total cost $73K). The total elapsed time for the 100 MB sort was 5.1 seconds (vs the old uni-processor record of 9.1 seconds). We have also established a new price performance record (0.2&cent; vs the old record of 0.9&cent;, as the cost of the sort). The entire sort processing was overlapped with I/O. During the read phase, we achieved a sustained BW of 47 MB/sec and during the write phase, we achieved a sustained BW of 39 MB/sec. Key extraction and sorting of one million 10-byte keys took only 0.6 second of CPU time. The rest of the CPU time was used in moving records, servicing I/O, and other overheads.Algorithmic details leading to this level of performance are described in this paper. A detailed analysis of the CPU time spent during various phases of the sort algorithm and I/O is also provided.
The Influence of Thickness and Number of Layers on Selected Properties of Cu/Ni Systems (2019)

The increasing demand for thin-layer materials influences on development of their production technologies and a range of potential applications. The properties of these materials (e.g. physical properties) can find new applications and solve existing limitations. Multi-and thin-layer metal systems are a special group of materials which can be successfully used for suppression of electromagnetic waves. Properly designed multilayer systems can exhibit the effect of a giant magnetoresistance. The research results include morphology observations and study of surface topography of Cu/Ni multilayer systems with nanometric layers. The layers were electrolytically produced on a thin copper foil substrate. The investigations of the physical properties of the systems have shown that quantity and thickness of the layers in the multilayer system have an effect on magnetic properties. The obtained layers are characterized by good quality. Moreover, they are compact and homogeneous. The topographical studies have not detected major surface defects of multilayer systems.
Embedded Software Assurance for Configuring Secure Hardware (2010)

The authors define embedded end markets affected by software assurance issues, then examine ways in which security and assurance capabilities are partitioned in hardware and software. They then look at the problems inherent to configuring secure hardware.
The Separation of Am from Lanthanides by Purified Cyanex 301 Extraction (1996)

Abstract Separation factors of tracer amounts of Am from micro lanthanides (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sm) by purified Cyanex 301 extraction in nitrate media have been determined: SFAm/La ∼ 3500, SFAm/Ce,pr ∼ 1000, SFAm/Nd ∼ 1900, and SFAm/Sm∼ 4500, with an average value >2300. The distribution ratio decreases with increasing lanthanide concentration in the aqueous phase. In the presence of a macro amount of Pr + Nd (0.1 ∼ 0.6 M) the separation factors SFAm/Eu and SFAm/pr+Ndare about 4.7 × 103 and 2.1 × 103, respectively. The results of the countercurrent fractional process show that by using three extraction stages and two scrubbing stages, >99.99% Am can be separated from a tracer amount of Eu with <0.1% extraction of Eu. Using six extraction stages, >99.99% Am and <0.6% macro amount of Pr ± Nd are extracted into the organic phase. Key Words: Cyanex 301Extraction separationAmLanthanides
Macros by example in a graphical UIMS (1988)

A macro facility that allows end users to extend interactive graphical applications is presented as part of a user-interface management system (UIMS). Such macros are expressed by example; that is, the end user programs the macro in the application's generated user interface. Problems with macros-by-example in graphical applications are explored, and requirements to accommodate such a facility are defined for the UIMS dialogue model. Existing UIMS models are reviewed relative to these requirements, and the unique facilities of the MIKE (menu interaction kontrol environment) semantics-based model are presented. The implementation of the macro-by-example system is discussed, as well as the particular implementation of a multicommand UNDO facility, which is necessary when editing micros by example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Aflatoxins in Corn (1983)

Certain fungi (molds) synthesize chemicals, called mycotoxins, that are poisonous and produce symptoms of toxicity when food and feed containing them is eaten by humans and animals. The aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by two fungi, Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, which are distributed worldwide in air and soils and may contaminate corn, peanuts, cottonseed, tree nuts and other crops with aflatoxin. Animal products may contain aflatoxins where contaminated feeds have been ingested. Aflatoxin B1 is the most potent, naturally-occurring, cancer-producing substance known, causing liver cancer in most experimental and domesticated animals and man. Preharvest infection by A. flavus may occur via colonization of corn silks followed by invasion of the glumes and surface of developing kernels. Internal seed infection occurs later during kernel denting. Commonly, ear-damaging insects transport fungal spores both externally and internally, and may provide infection sites and disperse the fungus within the ear. Stress induced by water deprivation, above normal temperatures, inadequate fertilization, and weed competition appears to exacerbate susceptibility of developing kernels to infection by A. flavus and subsequent aflatoxin biosynthesis. Aflatoxin can develop in storage; rapid drying of corn to safe storage moisture after harvest and dry storage facilities with aeration are essential to prevent contamination. Although control with fungicides and/or resistant varieties has been notably unsuccessful to date, considerable progress has been made in preventing and reducing contamination of human foods as well as losses in animal feeds by detoxifying aflatoxin-contaminated products, particularly by ammoniation.
Note on Significance Tests* (2017)

Significance tests are designed to keep one from making statements about percentage differences when there is too little evidence to justify the statement. In order to do this, in order to avoid making unjustified claims about the magnitude and importance of an observed difference, one sets a rather high level of significance. By insisting on a high level of significance one increases the possibility of rejecting as insignificant differences which actually do exist. To begin with, traditional tests of significance have been developed to study the probable correctness or incorrectness of single, isolated statements, for example, that Drug A is more likely than Drug B to cause nausea. But it is an essential feature of the exploratory studies in medical education, and of many other empirical investigations in the social sciences, that there is no single hypothesis which can be viewed independently of other hypotheses.
A wideband radial power combiner for FET amplifiers (1978)

A power combining technique for GaAs FET amplifiers will be presented. The approach, using a 12-way divider-combiner, has demonstrated a 31% 1dB bandwidth with an insertion loss of 0.25dB and a CW output power of 4.4W at 8.5GHz.
Multi-objective optimization of the composite wing box of solar powered HALE UAV (2014)

Nowadays there is a growing request for Very Long Endurance Solar-Powered Autonomous Aircraft (VESPAA) flying at stratospheric altitudes of 17-25 km because they can act as artificial satellites - with the advantage of being much cheaper, closer to the ground, and being able to perform missions that offer greater flexibility. A long experience has been acquired by the Polytechnic of Turin, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Eng. (POLITO/DIMEAS, Scientific Responsible Prof. G. Romeo) in Design of Solar powered UAV as High Altitude Very long Endurance Platform positioned in the stratosphere and with an endurance of more than six months. Two different configurations are under investigation in order to understand the best solution that completely fulfill the a priori imposed constraints. The main goal is to obtain a structure as light as possible that ensures the capability to resist at loads evaluated from the flight envelope without catastrophic failures. A Genetic Algorithm has been developed to optimize composite laminates subjected to mechanical, thermal and hygroscopic loads. A set of penalty function has been defined in order to guarantee deformations less than the allowable limit and to avoid local or global buckling. A Progressive Ply Failure Analysis code has been developed in order to evaluate the Last Ply Failure Loads of composite laminates. Since, in agreement with international regulations, the structure must be able to resist at ultimate loads without failures for at least three seconds, Genetic Algorithm and PPFA have been coupled in order to optimize the lay-up of each panel that ensure the minimum wing box weight, a proper safety margin from FPF to LPF and respects of the penalty function. In particular, no failure are allowed at limit load while, at ultimate load, each panel must stay under LPF level
Cyber threat landscape faced by financial and insurance industry (2011)

Opportunities for criminals to engage in transnational activities have expanded with globalisation and advancements in information and communications technologies. Cyber criminal activities will increasingly affect the financial security of online business. It is widely accepted that the financial and insurance industry is the ‘target of choice’ for financially motivated cyber criminals. Yet there is a lack of understanding about the true magnitude of cyber crime and its impact on businesses. Drawing on data from a 2008 Australia-wide survey conducted by the Australian Institute of Criminology, this paper contributes to a better understanding of the threat landscape faced by the financial and insurance industry by assessing the top four risk areas reported by the survey respondents. The paper also examines whether the results from the financial and insurance industries differ from other industries and identifies ways in which industries (particularly the financial and insurance industry), can neutralise or reduce cyber crime opportunities.
Optical in situ characterisation of carbon nanotube growth (2012)

In situ optical characterisation of carbon nanotube growth is reported. The nanotubes are grown on a micro–scale heater using chemical vapour deposition (CVD). Optical emission is used to characterise the temperature of the small–scale heater prior to and during growth and to monitor any temperature changes due to the interaction of the growing nanotubes with the cold gas atmosphere. In situ Raman spectroscopy is used to monitor the growth of single–walled nanotubes and optical microscopy is used to monitor the real time growth of multi–walled nanotube arrays. There are similarities with normal thermal CVD growth but also significant differences due to the extremely small heated surface area and the cold surrounding environment.
Dye-ligand Chromatography (1987)

The availability of proteins and enzymes in pure form is becoming increasingly important to genetic engineering technology, clinical diagnosis and in vivo therapy, as well as the pharmaceutical and fine chemicals industry. Biochemicals such as proteins and enzymes may be isolated directly from animal sources, cells or tissue cultures as well as native or genetically engineered microbial cells. The need for more rigorous quality criteria imposed on such products in order to satisfy current regulations has contributed to the remarkable development and expansion of affinity chromatography as a powerful separation technique (Lowe, 1979a; Scouten, 1981; Dean et al., 1985; Lowe and Clonis, 1985; Clonis, 1987; Clonis and Lowe, 1987). In principle, the technique exploits the formation of specific reversible complexes formed between the immobilised ligand and the complementary biomolecule(s) to be isolated. Depending on the ligand immobilised, affinity systems may be distinguished as those of high specificity, capable of binding usually one biomolecule, and those of moderate specificity, the so-called group-specific adsorbents, capable of binding a number of similar biomolecules. In the latter category one finds coenzymes, lectins, phenylboronates, nucleotides, polynucleotides, heparin, protein A, organomercurials and amino acids (Lowe, 1979a; Scouten, 1981; Clonis, 1982a; Chaiken et al., 1983).
Sequence-stratigraphic analysis of Eocene clastic foreland basin deposits in central Lake Maracaibo using high-resolution well correlation and 3-D seismic data (2006)

Eocene clastic rocks of the Maracaibo Basin were deposited in an asymmetrical foreland basin formed during the oblique Paleogene collision between the Caribbean and South American plates. In this study, we use more than 300 wells and 2000 km2 (772 mi2) of seismic data in the central Maracaibo Basin to produce a detailed sequence-stratigraphic interpretation of the Eocene Maracaibo foreland basin. The base of the Eocene stratigraphic succession in the central Maracaibo area is characterized by an approximately 250-m (820-ft)-thick, aggradational succession of fluviodeltaic sandstone overlain by an approximately 600-m (1968-ft)-thick retrogradational succession of shallow-marine shale and sandstone containing minor progradational units. The upper part of the foreland basin sequence is marked by an approximately 100-m (328-ft)-thick aggradational succession of fluviodeltaic sandstone. In the approximately 1000-m (3280-ft)-thick Eocene section, we interpreted 17 parasequence sets, 6 genetic sequences, and 1 depositional sequence. Only one classic sequence boundary was interpreted within the Eocene section that marks the boundary between the retrogradational shallow-marine section and the overlying aggradational fluviodeltaic succession. Based on the stratigraphic architecture and thickening trends of several of the parasequence sets, we conclude that the main source of clastic sedimentation was located on the South America craton south of the Maracaibo Basin, instead of along the thrusted, north-northeastern margin of the basin as proposed by previous workers. A lack of recognition of classic sequence boundaries suggests that Eocene clastic rocks of the central Maracaibo foreland basin were not subaerially exposed during most of the Eocene, and that their stratigraphic architecture was controlled by tectonic subsidence related to thrusting along the northeastern edge of the foreland basin. Eustasy was not an important control on the stratigraphic evolution of the foreland basin until its middle Eocene aggradational period that marked the end of foreland basin subsidence. Well logs and three-dimensional seismic data show that depositional environments on the Eocene delta plain and shelf of the central Maracaibo foreland basin were dominated by fluvial and tidal processes that are similar to modern depositional processes of the Orinoco delta in eastern Venezuela.