gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Passing the Test (2015)

This chapter presents three newly appointed general managers (GMs) who have tried in their ways to understand, internalize and implement a value orientation. All three now face the stark reality that their leadership journey involves much more than just absorbing a new message; it also involves adhering to that message even amid ongoing uncertainty, competing influences and, sometimes, express conflict. Each of the three must now consider their individual priorities in the context of the larger company objective. Their mettle is being put to the test as they weigh potentially convenient decisions and actions against more challenging and demanding ones that uphold the value orientation they have come to embrace. The GMs must understand that the resistance is not about them, but about traditional short-term or narrow thinking and the consequent aversion to adopting an approach based on an intangible idea and a long-term orientation.
Replication-Coupled Packaging Mechanism in Positive-Strand RNA Viruses: Synchronized Coexpression of Functional Multigenome RNA Components of an Animal and a Plant Virus in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> Cells by Agroinfiltration (2007)

Flock house virus (FHV), a bipartite RNA virus of insects and a member of the Nodaviridae family, shares viral replication features with the tripartite brome mosaic virus (BMV), an RNA virus that infects plants and is a member of the Bromoviridae family. In BMV and FHV, genome packaging is coupled to replication, a widely conserved mechanism among positive-strand RNA viruses of diverse origin. To unravel the events that modulate the mechanism of replication-coupled packaging, in this study, we have extended the transfer DNA (T-DNA)-based agroinfiltration system to express functional genome components of FHV in plant cells (Nicotiana benthamiana). Replication, intracellular membrane localization, and packaging characteristics in agroinfiltrated plant cells revealed that T-DNA plasmids of FHV were biologically active and faithfully mimicked complete replication and packaging behavior similar to that observed for insect cells. Synchronized coexpression of wild-type BMV and FHV genome components in plant cells resulted in the assembly of virions packaging the respective viral progeny RNA. To further elucidate the link between replication and packaging, coat protein (CP) open reading frames were precisely exchanged between BMV RNA 3 (B3) and FHV RNA 2 (F2), creating chimeric RNAs expressing heterologous CP genes (B3/FCP and F2/BCP). Coinfiltration of each chimera with its corresponding genome counterpart to provide viral replicase (B1+B2+B3/FCP and F1+F2/BCP) resulted in the expected progeny profiles, but virions exhibited a nonspecific packaging phenotype. Complementation with homologous replicase (with respect to CP) failed to enhance packaging specificity. Taken together, we propose that the transcription of CP mRNA from homologous replication and its translation must be synchronized to confer packaging specificity.
Nonreciprocal Components With Distributedly Modulated Capacitors (2014)

The concept of distributedly modulated capacitors (DMC) is proposed as a form of time-varying transmission-line structure offering nonreciprocal propagation and coupling characteristics. The nonreciprocity is achieved by taking advantage of the additional dimension of time-variance in the transmission-line property. The complete theory, based on: 1) the distributed parametric effect on a time-varying transmission line and 2) the distributed capacitive mixers, is presented with emphasis on the theoretical bounds of the isolation and insertion performances of DMC. Simulations are carried out and a prototype consisting of double-balanced varactor diodes on microstrip lines is implemented on a Rogers board. The measured results agree well with the theoretical derivations and the simulation results. It is thus confirmed that the DMC has great potential of being a circulator device with broadband, minimum insertion loss, and synthesizable isolation characteristics. It can be integrated into an RF system front-end that allows transmission and reception of signals at the same time and the same frequency.
High-efficiency drive due to power factor control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (1995)

A drive system of a permanent magnet motor without a magnetic position detector is described. Generally, the position data of a magnet is obtained from the terminal voltage of the motor. In the newly developed method, the inverter DC-link current waveform provides the control signal for driving a permanent magnet motor without a detector. Since the power factor of the motor is controlled around 1.0, the motor runs at a higher efficiency than one controlled by the conventional method. Therefore, this control method saves energy. Current pulsation induced by sudden load fluctuations has been studied and its stabilization has been achieved. This paper provides the principle and operation of the new control method, simulated characteristics, and experimental results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pharmacology of stimulants prohibited by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) (2008)

This review examines the pharmacology of stimulants prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Stimulants that increase alertness/reduce fatigue or activate the cardiovascular system can include drugs like ephedrine available in many over-the-counter medicines. Others such as amphetamines, cocaine and hallucinogenic drugs, available on prescription or illegally, can modify mood. A total of 62 stimulants (61 chemical entities) are listed in the WADA List, prohibited in competition. Athletes may have stimulants in their body for one of three main reasons: inadvertent consumption in a propriety medicine; deliberate consumption for misuse as a recreational drug and deliberate consumption to enhance performance. The majority of stimulants on the list act on the monoaminergic systems: adrenergic (sympathetic, transmitter noradrenaline), dopaminergic (transmitter dopamine) and serotonergic (transmitter serotonin, 5-HT). Sympathomimetic describes agents, which mimic sympathetic responses, and dopaminomimetic and serotoninomimetic can be used to describe actions on the dopamine and serotonin systems. However, many agents act to mimic more than one of these monoamines, so that a collective term of monoaminomimetic may be useful. Monoaminomimietic actions of stimulants can include blockade of re-uptake of neurotransmitter, indirect release of neurotransmitter, direct activation of monoaminergic receptors. Many of the stimulants are amphetamines or amphetamine derivatives, including agents with abuse potential as recreational drugs. A number of agents are metabolized to amphetamine or metamphetamine. In addition to the monoaminomimetic agents, a small number of agents with different modes of action are on the list. A number of commonly used stimulants are not considered as Prohibited Substances.
Polypharmacology: drug discovery for the future (2012)

In recent years, even with remarkable scientific advancements and a significant increase of global research and development spending, drugs are frequently withdrawn from markets. This is primarily due to their side effects or toxicities. Drug molecules often interact with multiple targets, coined as polypharmacology, and the unintended drug-target interactions could cause side effects. Polypharmacology remains one of the major challenges in drug development, and it opens novel avenues to rationally design the next generation of more effective, but less toxic, therapeutic agents. This review outlines the latest progress and challenges in polypharmacology studies.
Photorefraction (1987)

Although precise prevalence figures regarding amblyopia and strabismus are not easily obtained, most studies suggest that at least 5% of the population is affected by these disorders. 1,2 In a large percentage of patients, they go undetected and untreated. A survey of 6768 youths 12 to 17 years old showed that more than 5% had strabismus, yet only 1.4% had ever received treatment. 3 need for early detection and treatment of these disorders has been emphasized by both clinicians and basic scientists interested in the plasticity of developing visual systems. 4 Although some authorities have questioned the efficacy of preschool screening programs, 5 a policy statement by the American Academy of Ophthalmology, Infant and Children's Eye Care, in part asserts that The American Academy of Ophthalmology strongly endorses the concept of early screening and treatment of eye and visual problems of infants and children. See also p 1528. It
Antimuscarinic drugs. (1989)

Anticholinergic, or antimuscarinic, drugs have been used for the treatment of more or less specified gastrointestinal diseases or complaints for many centuries, first in herbal preparations (including belladonna), and in modern times as synthetic tertiary or quaternary compounds, with atropine being a pharmacological standard. Conventional antimuscarinics act unselectively on receptors in heart, smooth muscle and exocrine glands. The M1-selective antimuscarinic drugs, pirenzepine and telenzepine, moderately reduced gastric acid and pepsin secretion without inhibiting smooth-muscle activity as do non-selective antimuscarinics. They hasten peptic ulcer healing and improve the symptoms of reflux esophagitis. In combination with H2-antagonists they abolish gastric acid secretion almost completely and can, therefore, be used in high risk peptic conditions. Long-term trials have to show whether they can form a medical alternative to parietal cell vagotomy. The effect of M1-selective antimuscarinics on "non-ulcer dyspepsia" is still equivocal, but they may be useful in the treatment of disorders with increased intestinal spasticity.
Which battery model to use? (2009)

The use of mobile devices like cell phones, navigation systems or laptop computers is limited by the lifetime of the included batteries. This lifetime depends naturally on the rate at which energy is consumed; however, it also depends on the usage pattern of the battery. Continuous drawing of a high current results in an excessive drop of residual capacity. However, during intervals with no or very small currents, batteries do recover to a certain extent. The usage pattern of a device can be well modelled with stochastic workload models. However, one still needs a battery model to describe the effects of the power consumption on the state of the battery. Over the years many different types of battery models have been developed for different application areas. In this study we give a detailed analysis of two well-known analytical models, the kinetic battery model (KiBaM) and the so-called diffusion model. We show that the KiBaM is actually an approximation of the more complex diffusion model; this was not known previously. Furthermore, we tested the suitability of these models for performance evaluation purposes, and found that both models are well suited for doing battery lifetime predictions. However, one should not draw conclusions on what is the best usage pattern based on only a few workload traces.
The implementation of POSTGRES (1990)

The design and implementation decisions made for the three-dimensional data manager POSTGRES are discussed. Attention is restricted to the DBMS backend functions. The POSTGRES data model and query language, the rules system, the storage system, the POSTGRES implementation and the current status and performance are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hydroacid complexes: a new class of draw solutes to promote forward osmosis (FO) processes (2013)

A new class of draw solutes from hydroacid complexes is presented. With hydroacid complexes as draw solutes in FO, superior performance is achieved in terms of high water fluxes and negligible reverse solute fluxes. The characteristics of expanded configurations, abundant hydrophilic groups and ionic species are essential for hydroacid complexes as competent draw solutes.
Accelerated aging and a uniform mode of degradation in (Al,Ga)As double-heterostructure lasers (1977)

An investigation of certain of the degradation and accelerated aging characteristics of currently fabricated (Al,Ga)As lasers is described. Our observations of the properties of devices aged at 70 °C, both as light-emitting diodes and as lasers, support two conclusions relevant to degradation: (1) The dominant degradation process in present devices is not lasing related in devices operated at power levels ⩽5 mW/face; (2) laser failure is strongly correlated with an approximately 50% reduction in the spontaneous light emission (at a given current below threshold) from these devices. These inferences are consistent with a spatially uniform mode of laser degradation not, for example, related to dark-line defects. They also imply that an LED mode of laser testing could be effective in identifying and eliminating presently dominating degradation mechanisms, i.e., those limiting continuously operating laser lifetimes to median values of about five years at room temperature. A different degradation mechanism which is operative at elevated temperatures even in unbiased devices has also been identified.
Dissociation of Antibody Production from Disease Suppression in the Inhibition of Allergic Encephalomyelitis by Myelin Basic Protein (1970)

Abstract Normal guinea pigs challenged with a single injection of homologous myelin basic protein (BP) in Freund's complete adjuvant develop experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and delayed hypersensitivity to BP but only rarely develop detectable circulating anti-BP antibodies. Treatment of guinea pigs with methotrexate before and during disease induction completely blocks EAE and suppresses delayed hypersensitivity to the homologous encephalitogenic BP. In contrast, animals treated with methotrexate for 19 days and sensitized after a 2-day time lapse develop the same intensity of EAE and delayed hypersensitivity to BP as those sensitized without prior methotrexate treatment. Treatment of guinea pigs with BP in incomplete adjuvant prior to encephalitogenic challenge suppresses development of both EAE and delayed hypersensitivity and simultaneously evokes anti-BP antibodies. Combined treatment of guinea pigs with methotrexate and BP prior to challenge almost completely suppresses the induction of anti-BP antibodies but does not interfere with the protective effect of the BP injections. Thus, the EAE-resistant state induced in guinea pigs by repeated injections of BP in incomplete adjuvant is apparently not dependent on induction of anti-BP antibodies. A more reasonable explanation for the resistance to EAE is that antigen accumulation prevents development or survival of a clone of BP-sensitized cells. These observations suggest that production or prevention of disease is correlated with induction or suppression of delayed hypersensitivity to BP and not with the presence or absence of circulating antibodies to BP. Antibodies to BP appear to be a coincidental phenomenon not involved in the pathogenesis of EAE.
Problems in High-Speed Steel Manufacture and Use: A Challenge for Economic Powder Metallurgy Processing (1981)

The role of high-speed steel as a cutting tool material is described. The choice of grades for various applications is strongly influenced by economic considerations as affected by alloy availability and cost. While the heat treatment applied to the finished tool is critical in achieving the desired properties, many factors affecting tool manufacture and use are dependent upon proper control of steel production. The coarse structure of cast ingots necessitates heavy hot-working reductions to achieve an adequate breakdown of primary carbides. Lengthy and expensive process routes are involved. Powder metallurgy techniques can provide an ideal distribution of carbides and many potential benefits are outlined, as are some of the problems encountered. Exploitation appears to have been limited, due to the expensive plant and processes required; consequently, in many applications, use of the products cannot be justified economically. At present, the most significant benefit lies in increasing the availability of highly alloyed high-speed steel grades for high duty. A wider range of applications could result from introducing a more economic process, or from developing a powder metallurgy route towards tool materials having a lower content of strategically vulnerable alloying elements. PM/0183
An asynchronous CAD collaborative design model (2010)

It is difficult that all the users are requested to keep real-time synchronous design in current CAD collaborative design systems. With the aim to solve this problem, a new asynchronous CAD collaborative design model is presented in this paper. The model extracts and merges the CAD graphic information via API. The recognition of users' design work and the incremental transmission of design files are achieved with difference set algorithm. The token ensures the logic correctness of the merged design information. The client server and SOAP framework make the model having good platform adaptability. Moreover, its application on Catia validates the feasibility and its practical value in engineering.
VİTAMİN D VE UTERİN PROLAPSUS ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ The Association Between Vitamin D and Uterine Prolapse (2020)

Ama: Pelvik organ prolapsusu pelvik organlarn vajinal duvarlara veya tesine herniasyonu olarak tanmlanr.Vitamin D eksikliinin pelvik taban kas gszlne sebep olduu dnlmektedir.almamzn amac uterin prolapsusu olan hastalarda vitamin D eksikliini ve incelemektir
On multistage fuzzy neural network modeling (2000)

In the past couple of years, there has been increasing interest in the fusion of neural networks and fuzzy logic. Most of the existing fuzzy neural network (FNN) models have been proposed to implement different types of single-stage fuzzy reasoning mechanisms and inevitably they suffer from the dimensionality problem when dealing with complex real-world problems. To address the problem, FNN modeling based on multistage fuzzy reasoning (MSFR) is pursued here and two hierarchical network models, namely incremental type and aggregated type, are introduced. The new models called multistage FNN (MSFNN) model a hierarchical fuzzy rule set that allows the consequence of a rule passed to another as a fact through the intermediate variables. From the stipulated input-output data pairs, they can generate an appropriate fuzzy rule set through structure and parameter learning procedures proposed in this paper. In addition, we have particularly addressed the input selection problem of these two types of multistage network models and proposed two efficient methods for them. The effectiveness of the proposed MSFNN models in handling high-dimensional problems is demonstrated through various numerical simulations.
Synthesis of Conjugated Polycyclic Quinoliniums by Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Multiple C–H Activation and Annulation of Arylpyridiniums with Alkynes (2016)

A simple method for the efficient synthesis of highly substituted pyrido[1,2-a]quinolinium- and quinolizino[3,4,5,6-ija]quinolinium-based polyheteroaromatic compounds via rhodium(III)-catalyzed multiple C-H activation annulation reactions has been developed. Moreover, some of the quinolizino[3,4,5,6-ija]quinolinium salts exhibit intense fluorescence and have potential application in optoelectronic materials.
U.S. to Aid in Fight against Iran's Internet Censorship (2009)

O n July 20, 2009, the Iranian government passed a new law to increase its access to information about Internet users. 1 The Iranian Parliament introduced the law, requiring Internet service providers to save all data sent and received for a minimum of three months, five weeks after Mahmoud Ahmadinejad won Iran's controversial presidential election.
Oceans and electrical power (part I) (1982)

What could replace our exhausting fossil fuels? The nuclear solution has generated considerable controversy and land opposition. Atomic fusion is by no means close to implementation; direct solarenergy is abundant, but its conversion at an acceptable cost has not been as yet developed. Geothermal energy has been tapped, but it is only locally available and is non‐renewable. In the first of this two‐part paper, alternative ocean‐sources of energy are reviewed, some of which hold reasonable promise, like bioconversion and salinity differentials; and others, like thermal exchange, are suitable for immediate harnessing.
A synthesis method for Petri net modeling of automated manufacturing systems with shared resources (2005)

A general approach to synthesizing a class of Petri nets that model shared-resource automated manufacturing systems is proposed. The approach imposes minimal restrictions on the interactions among the subsystems initially so that the modeler is given more freedom. To modularize the synthesis procedure, a shared-resource system is formulated as the processes, i.e., the subsystems, that control the system resources and the interactions among the processes. For modeling the processes, resource control nets are defined as the generic modules. The system model is built by merging these modules through their common transitions and common transition subnets, which denote the interactions among the processes. The merged net is proved to be conservative and thus bounded. An algorithm is also developed for checking two sufficient conditions for structural liveness of the net. This algorithm examines only the net's structure, and appears to be more efficient than state enumeration techniques such as the reachability graph method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ABSTRACT: The Physical Stratigraphy of Deep-Water Strata: A Hierarchical Approach to the Analysis of Genetically Related Stratigraphic Elements for Improved Reservoir Prediction (2002)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Presentación de la Biblioteca Virtual de Arabistas / On Biblioteca Virtual de Arabistas (2017)

La Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterráneos (REIM) es una publicación digital de acceso abierto dedicada a dar difusión a las últimas investigaciones sobre el mundo arabo-islámico con un enfoque multidisciplinar encuadrado dentro de las Ciencias Sociales
Mitogen-initiated synthesis and secretion of T cell growth factor(s) by a T-lymphoma cell line. (1980)

Of 12 T-lymphoma cell lines investigated, one line, EL-4 azgr (Thy-1+, Lyt-1+, Lyt-2-3-,Ia-, T-200+, sIg-, and FcR-) and, to a lesser extent, the parental cell line, EL-4, produced T cell growth factor(s) (TCGF) when stimulated by the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A (Con A). Induced production of TCGF-E was detected by 6 h and maximal at 18-24 h. Purified TCGF-E from this source had an approximately 30,000 mol wt and the biological activity of TCGF produced by whole spleen cells, including: augmentation of T cell-mitogen responses, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) proliferation support dependence, augmented generation of CTL, lack of strain specificity, and failure to stimulate resting T cells. TCGF-E is neither synthesized or secreted by this lymphoma cell line unless stimulated by Con A. X-irradiation up to 7,000 rad failed to inhibit synthesis and secretion. These observations have a practical application in providing a relatively homogeneous clonal cell product for T cell culture support and for structural and functional studies of the TCGF molecule(s). They suggest also a model for examining mechanisms of triggering production and secretion of a regulatory molecule that controls T cell functions.