gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Sodium in Coal in Determining Deposition Rates (2017)

The alkali content in the ash is commonly thought to be the “bad actor” in determining coal ash deposition rates on boiler heat transfer surfaces. This paper reports results of 16 tests in which ash aerosol deposition rates were measured for three coals, burned under air- and oxy-fired combustion conditions. A 100 kW down-fired laboratory combustor coupled with a specially designed deposition probe was employed. Ash aerosol particle size distributions and size-segregated compositions were measured using electric-mobility, light-scattering, and low-pressure impactor techniques. Net sodium vaporization (assumed to be the fraction of sodium collected as a <0.6 μm fume) was compared to literature data. For ash deposition rates, emphasis was on the tightly bonded “inside” deposits rather than the loosely bound “outside” deposits, which could not be collected or weighed precisely. Over a limited range of these tests, where PM1 was indeed greatly enriched in sodium, deposition rates did correlate with the sodium content of PM1 and the ratio of Na/(Al + Si) in the coal, as proposed in the literature. However, over the entire range of deposition rates investigated, the measured rates did not correlate well with the sodium content of the coal or with the sodium content of the fine ash aerosol (PM1 or PM0.6) but did correlate well with the overall flue gas concentration of PM1, of which the alkali composition varied significantly over the 16 tests. This suggests a mechanism of deposit adhesion that depends simply upon the presence of sub-micrometer particles of any composition. Additional research to confirm this would be useful because this conclusion disagrees with most existing models for ash deposition. This work focuses on the inside fouling deposition, which could be seen as the initial layer of the fouling deposits. Slagging deposition is not within the scope of this work.
Quantifying surface topography and scanning probe image reconstruction (1999)

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is used widely for the characterization of topographic structure in both material and bio-sciences. However, due to the finite size of the imaging tip, the SPM may not record all of the surface. Dimensional measurements made on such surfaces will not reflect the true nature of the surface. Simulated images have been used to assess the effects of imaging and image reconstruction methods on surface roughness and dimensional measurements. A novel combination of image reconstruction techniques and connectivity criteria is used to set bounds on the certainty of dimensional and topographic measures and to obtain more information about the spatial complexity of the sample surface. A more complete description of the sample is obtained without prior knowledge of the sample or tip geometry.
Nexus between PI3K/AKT and Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer (2021)

Signaling from estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and its ligand estradiol (E2) is critical for growth of ≈70% of breast cancers. Therefore, several drugs that inhibit ERα functions have been in clinical use for decades and new classes of anti-estrogens are continuously being developed. Although a significant number of ERα+ breast cancers respond to anti-estrogen therapy, ≈30% of these breast cancers recur, sometimes even after 20 years of initial diagnosis. Mechanism of resistance to anti-estrogens is one of the intensely studied disciplines in breast cancer. Several mechanisms have been proposed including mutations in <i>ESR1</i>, crosstalk between growth factor and ERα signaling, and interplay between cell cycle machinery and ERα signaling. <i>ESR1</i> mutations as well as crosstalk with other signaling networks lead to ligand independent activation of ERα thus rendering anti-estrogens ineffective, particularly when treatment involved anti-estrogens that do not degrade ERα. As a result of these studies, several therapies that combine anti-estrogens that degrade ERα with PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors targeting growth factor signaling or CDK4/6 inhibitors targeting cell cycle machinery are used clinically to treat recurrent ERα+ breast cancers. In this review, we discuss the nexus between ERα-PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways and how understanding of this nexus has helped to develop combination therapies.
Structural and magnetic properties of Fe impurities in YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-delta/ (1988)

Samples having the general composition YBa/sub 2/(Cu/sub 1/minus/x/Fe/sub x/)/sub 3/O/sub 7/minus/delta/ have been investigated using x-ray and neutron diffraction, Moessbauer spectroscopy and bulk property measurements. X-ray and neutron data show that samples having x greater than or equal to 0.04 are tetragonal. Neutron diffraction shows that this structure is vey similar to that found for undoped YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/minus/delta/ when the oxygen concentration is low, although in the present case, the total oxygen content is found to be greater than or equal to7 for all concentrations. Contrary to the common statement that Fe substitutes onto the Cu sites, it is found from neutron diffraction that the Cu1 site is not occupied, and that Fe appears to have a substantial substitution for Ba. Both Moessbauer spectroscopy and heat capacity measurements show the presence of magnetic transitions at temperatures well below the superconducting transition temperature, with evidence for a large variation in magnetic transition temperatures. 16 refs., 4 figs.,
Comparative effects of<i>N</i>-acetyl-<scp>l</scp>-cysteine and ramipril on arterial hypertension, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress in chronically glucose-fed rats (2008)

Beneficial effects of an antioxidant (N-acetyl-L-cysteine, NAC) and an angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (ramipril) were assessed in a rat model of insulin resistance induced by 10% glucose feeding for 20 weeks. Treatments with NAC (2 g/kg per day) and ramipril (1 mg/kg per day) were initiated at 16 weeks in the drinking fluid. Systolic blood pressure, plasma levels of insulin and glucose, and insulin resistance were significantly higher in rats treated with glucose for 20 weeks. This was associated with a higher production of superoxide anion and NADPH oxidase activity in aorta and liver and with a marked reduction in protein expression of skeletal muscle insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in the gastrocnemius muscle. NAC prevented all these alterations. Although ramipril also reversed high blood pressure, it had a lesser effect on insulin resistance (including IRS-1) and blocked superoxide anion production only in aorta. Ramipril, in contrast to NAC, did not reduce NADPH oxidase activity in aorta and liver or plasma levels of 4-hydroxynonenal and malondialdehyde. Results suggest that the inhibition of the oxidative stress in hypertensive and insulin-resistant states contributes to the therapeutic effects of NAC and ramipril. Whereas NAC exerts effective antioxidant activity in multiple tissues, ramipril appears to preferentially target the vasculature.
Gluten Challenge in Borderline Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy (2001)

In the present study we demonstrated that a gluten challenge might be useful in identifying patients as being sensitive to gluten if initial small intestinal biopsies reveal only minor abnormalities.
Droop control of a bipolar dc microgrid for load sharing and voltage balancing (2017)

A bipolar dc microgrid features three voltage levels and is capable of transmitting power more efficiently than a unipolar system. This paper proposes a droop control to achieve load sharing and voltage balancing in such a microgrid system. Droop control is adopted to ensure that autonomous sharing of load power can be realized without communication. Moreover, the positive and negative pole voltages in the bipolar dc microgrid can be well regulated regardless of load changes and input voltage mismatch. Two battery energy storage systems are incorporated for balancing load and generation, and the lifetime of batteries can be improved through proper coordination control. Simulation results in the PLECS environment and experimental results obtained from an OPAL-RT system are presented to verify the effectiveness of load sharing and voltage balancing of droop control.
ChemInform Abstract: AMINO‐ACIDS AND PEPTIDES PART 14, MODIFICATION OF PEPTIDES BY AMINO‐ACID INSERTION (1974)

Abstract Das durch Silylierung des Amids (I) erhaltene Silylderivat (III) wird mit den Säurechloriden (IV) in die N‐Acylderivate (V) übergefihrt, die sich bei der hydrogenolytischen Abspaltung der Schutzgruppe in die Peptide (VI) umlagem.
Molecular cloning of genomic DNA and chromosomal assignment of the gene for human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, the enzyme for catecholamine and serotonin biosynthesis (1992)

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) catalyzes the decarboxylation of both L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and L-5-hydroxytryptophan to dopamine and serotonin, respectively, which are major mammalian neurotransmitters and hormones belonging to catecholamines and indoleamines. This report describes the organization of the human AADC gene. We proved that the gene of human AADC consists of 15 exons spanning more than 85 kilobases and exists as a single copy in the haploid genome. The boundaries between exon and intron followed the AG/GT rule. The sizes of exons and introns ranged from 20 to 400 bp and from 1.0 to 17.7 kb, respectively, while the sizes of four introns were not determined. Untranslated regions located in the 5' region of mRNA were encoded by two exons, exons 1 and 2. The transcriptional starting point was determined around G at position -111 by primer extension and S1 mapping. There were no typical "TATA box" and "CAAT box" within 540 bp from the transcriptional starting point. The human AADC gene was mapped to chromosome band 7p12.1-p12.3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. This is the first report on the genomic structure and chromosomal localization of the AADC gene in mammals.
ChemInform Abstract: Acyl Derivatives of Cyclic Secondary Amines. Part 1. Dipole Stabilization of Anions: The Cumulative Effect of Two Stabilizing Groups. (1988)

Abstract Lithiation studies (iPr2N‐Li or tBu‐Li) with acyl derivatives (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), (IIb), (IIIa), and (IIIb) indicate that no substantial increase in carbanion stability occurs as a result of the introduction of the second stabilizing group.
Long-range heteronuclear spin locking (HSL) 2D-NMR spectroscopy and its application to the resonance assignments of poly(p-tert-butylstyrene) (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLong-range heteronuclear spin locking (HSL) 2D-NMR spectroscopy and its application to the resonance assignments of poly(p-tert-butylstyrene)Peter L. Rinaldi, Maritherese Tokles, Gerard S. Hatvany, and H. James HarwoodCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 26, 10651–10653Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00052a080Request reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (419 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biological Chemistry Henry R. Mahler Eugene H. Cordes (1967)

Journal Article Biological Chemistry Get access Biological Chemistry, by Mahler Henry R. & Cordes Eugene H., Harper & Row, New York & London, 1966, 872 pp. A. W. Galston A. W. Galston Yale University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 17, Issue 3, March 1967, Pages 200–201, https://doi.org/10.2307/1293846 Published: 01 March 1967
Network-assisted QoS-based fast handover with smart scanning over IEEE 802.11 WLANs (2013)

Nowadays, IEEE 802.11 WLANs have been widely deployed in parallel with the growth of mobile devices. However, due to design choices and requirements, the communication range of the IEEE 802.11 standard is limited. Therefore, WLAN coverage over a large geographic area is provided using multiple access points (APs). Due to the mobility of mobile stations, a station might move and lose the signal of its associated AP. In that case, the station tries to maintain its wireless connectivity by associating with a new AP in a process known as handover. However, providing handover with guaranteed QoS is a challenging task for real-time applications, such as VoIP, video/audio streaming, and video conferencing. In this paper, we propose an efficient handover mechanism that can provide fast handover with guaranteed QoS for real-time applications in WLANs. With the help of the IEEE 802.21 information server (IS), a smart selective channel scanning method is deployed on mobile stations. Selective channel scanning enables stations to filter out the unavailable channels, and organize reliable group of channels to scan during the upcoming handover process. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme reduces the channel scanning delay in handover process, increases the overall throughput and provide QoS for real-time applications compared to the conventional handover scheme.
Quantifying the ‘escapers’ among RNA species (2015)

tRNAs are fundamental components of translation and emerging evidence places them more centrally in various other cellular processes. However, rather than being uniformly conserved, tRNA abundance is instead highly variable and adaptable. The amount of tRNA genes greatly differs among species. Moreover, even within the same genome, tRNA abundance shapes the proteome in a tissue- and cell-specific manner and is dynamically regulated in response to stress. Here, we review approaches for identification and quantification of tRNAs and their functional integrity. We discuss the resolution of each method and highlight new approaches with cell-wide resolution based on deep-sequencing technologies.
Bacteriophage association of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type C (1989)

A gene encoding streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type C (SPE C) was isolated from bacteriophage DNA derived from Streptococcus pyogenes CS112. The gene, designated speC2, was shown to reside near the phage attachment site of phage CS112. A restriction endonuclease map of the CS112 phage was generated, and the location and orientation of the speC2 gene were determined. Hybridization analyses of eight SPE C-producing strains revealed restriction fragment length polymorphism of the speC gene-containing DNA fragments and further showed that each speC was linked to a common CS112 phage-derived DNA fragment.
Lightweight Fault-Tolerance for Peer-to-Peer Middleware (2010)

We address the problem of providing transparent, lightweight, fault-tolerance mechanisms for generic peer-to-peer middleware systems. The main idea is to use the peer-to-peer overlay to provide for fault-tolerance rather than support it higher up in the middleware architecture, e.g. in the form of services. To evaluate our approach we have implemented a fault-tolerant middleware prototype that uses a hierarchical peer-to-peer overlay in which the leaf peers connect to sensors that provide data streams. Clients connect to the root of the overlay and request streams that are routed upwards through intermediate peers in the overlay up to the client. We report encouraging preliminary results for latency, jitter and resource consumption for both the non-faulty and faulty cases.
Increased acute and chronic mitotic activity in rat laryngeal muscles after botulinum toxin injection (1998)

The results of this study suggest that BT may induce a proliferative response in muscle tissue.
Advanced modeling of nitrogen oxide emissions in circulating fluidized bed combustors: Parametric study of coal combustion and nitrogen compound chemistries (1999)

This paper describes work-in-progress aimed at developing an emission model for circulating fluidized bed combustors using detailed homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical kinetics. The main emphasis is on nitrogen oxides (NO{sub x}, N{sub 2}O) but also unburned gases (CO, C{sub x}H{sub y}) and sulfur dioxide (SO{sub 2}) will be investigated in the long run. The hydrodynamics is described by a 1.5-dimensional model where the riser is divided into three regions: a dense bubbling bed at the bottom, a vigorously mixed splash zone, and a transport zone. The two latter zones are horizontally split into a core region and an annular region. The solids circulation rate is calculated from the known solids inventory and the pressure and mass balances over the entire circulation loop. The solids are divided into classes according to size and type or particle. The model assumes instantaneous fuel devolatilization at the bottom and an even distribution of volatiles in the suspension phase of the dense bed. For addition of secondary air, a complete penetration and an instantaneous mixing with the combustor gases in the core region is assumed. The temperature distribution is assumed to be known, and no energy balance is solved. A comprehensive kinetic scheme of aboutmore » 300 elementary gas-phase reactions is used to describe the homogeneous oxidation of the volatiles including both hydrocarbon and volatile-nitrogen components (NH{sub 3}, HCN). Heterogeneous char combustion to CO and CO{sub 2}, and char-nitrogen conversion to NO, N{sub 2}O, and N{sub 2} are described by a single particle model that includes 15 reaction steps given in the form of 6 net reaction paths. In the paper, the model is briefly described. A special emphasis is put on the evaluation of chemistry submodels. Modeling results on nitrogen oxides' formation are compared with measured concentration profiles in a 12 MW CFBC riser from literature. The importance of accurate chemistry description on predictions is illustrated by comparing modeling results using detailed kinetics to those obtained when hydrocarbon and volatile-nitrogen oxidation are described with empirical, global kinetic rate expressions from literature. Submodels that need further improvements are discussed.« less
86. Konferenz der Gesellschaft für Biologische Chemie. Studiengruppe „Protein- und Nucleinsäure-Analytik“. Modern Methods in Protein and Nucleic Acid Analysis (1990)

Article 86. Konferenz der Gesellschaft für Biologische Chemie. Studiengruppe „Protein- und Nucleinsäure-Analytik“. Modern Methods in Protein and Nucleic Acid Analysis was published on January 1, 1990 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 371, issue 2).
Isolation and13C-NMR characterization of an insoluble proteinaceous fraction from substantia nigra of patients with parkinson's disease (2000)

Neuromelanin is a dark brown pigment suspected of being involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. This pigment can be isolated from normal human substantia nigra by a procedure that includes an extensive proteolytic treatment. In this study we used such a procedure to extract the neuromelanin pigment from a pool of substantia nigra from patients affected by Parkinson's disease. 13C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to characterize the solid residue obtained from the extraction procedure. We found that the pigment extracted from the substantia nigra of parkinsonian patients was mainly composed of highly cross-linked, protease-resistant, lipo-proteic material, whereas the neuromelanin macromolecule appears to be only a minor component of this extract. A synthetic model of melanoprotein has been prepared by enzymatic oxidation of dopamine in the presence of albumin. Once it has undergone the same proteolytic treatment, this model system yields a 13C-NMR spectrum which is similar to that observed for the parkinsonian midbrain extract. These results are consistent with the view that oxidative stress has a relevant role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
INFLUENCE OF RISK FACTORS ON DEVELOPMENT OF STRESS RELATED UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING (SR-UGIB) (1993)

Arthur Euler and the Ranitidine Head Injury Study Group. Glaxo Pharmaceuticals, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
Neuro MR: Protocols (2007)

Clinical MRI depends on a symbiosis between MR physics and clinical requirements. The imaging solutions are based on a balance between the "palette" of available image contrasts derived from nuclear spin physics and tissue biophysics, and clinical determinants such as the anticipated pathology and efficient use of imaging time. Imaging is therefore optimized to maximize diagnostic sensitivity and specificity through the development of protocols organized along the lines of major disease categories. In the other part of this two-part review, the primary determinants of image contrast, including T1, T2, and T2*, were highlighted. The development of pulse sequences designed to optimize each of these image contrasts was discussed and the impact of technological innovation (parallel imaging and high-field systems) on the manner in which these sequences could be modified to improve clinical efficacy was further emphasized. The scope of that discussion was broadened to include the application of: 1) water diffusion imaging used primarily for detection of pathologies that restrict the free movement of water in the tissues and for defining fiber tracts in the brain; 2) the intravenous administration of exogenous contrast agents (gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid [GdDTPA]) for assessment of blood-brain-barrier (BBB) defects and brain blood flow; and 3) MR spectroscopy (MRS) for assessment of brain metabolites. The goal of this part is to discuss how these acquisitions are combined into specific protocols that can effectively detect and characterize, or in keeping with our artistic analogy, "paint" each of the major diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS). This work concludes with a discussion of image artifacts and pitfalls in image interpretation, which, in spite our best efforts to minimize or eliminate them, continue to occur. Much of the ensuing discussion is based on our own institutional experience. Protocols, therefore, do not necessarily match those from other institutions due to variability in clinical emphasis, MR instruments, and available software. An attempt was made to focus on basic clinical sequences that are available on most modern MR systems, with protocols employing generally accepted clinical imaging philosophies.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES DIRECTED TOWARDS THE SYNTHESIS OF 9‐OXAPROSTAGLANDINS‐ SYNTHESIS OF SOME 2,3‐SUBSTITUTED TETRAHYDROFURAN‐4‐OLS AND ‐ONES (1976)

Abstract Kondensation der Ester (I) und (II) gibt die Tetrahydrofuranone (III), die durch Michael‐Addition entsprechender Vinylketone (IV) die Verbindungen (V) liefern.
Assignment of transcripts to the porcine genome map by SSCP and somatic cell hybrid mapping (1996)

Chantier qualité spécifique "Auteurs Externes" département de Génétique animale : uniquement liaison auteur au référentiel HR-Access
Pregnancy outcomes in women with mechanical heart valves. (2006)

Warfarin use from the second trimester in combination anticoagulation regimens increases the risk of an adverse perinatal outcome.