gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antisera to human cytomegalovirus produced in hamsters: reactivity in radioimmunoassay and other antibody assay systems (1976)

Hamsters immunized with human cytomegalovirus (CMV) concentrated and purified by polyethylene glycol precipitation and density gradient centrifugation produced antisera with high titers of specific viral antibody, and which showed no significant reactivity with human host cell components. The antisera had high titers of CMV antibody in complement fixation, indirect fluorescent-antibody (FA), and neutralization tests, but titers obtained by indirect radioimmunoassay (RIA) were markedly higher. The antisera were used to follow the development of CMV antigen in infected host cells by indirect RIA and indirect FA staining. Virus-specific antigen was first detectable by RIA at 8 h after infection, and by FA staining at 16 h; cells contained optimal amounts of antigen for RIA and FA assays at 72 to 100 h postinfection. Immune globulins from the antisera were labeled with 125I for use in direct RIA. The labeled globulins gave highly specific reactions with CMV-infected cells, including those infected with low-passage isolates, and showed no reactivity with cells infected with other human herpesviruses or certain other human viruses.
Efficient blue emission from an intracavity-doubled 946-nm Nd:YAG laser (1988)

We report the first observation to our knowledge of coherent emission at 473 nm from an intracavity-doubled Nd:YAG microlaser. The d32 coefficient of potassium niobate was used in a 90-deg, temperature-tuned, Type I phase-matching configuration to generate the second harmonic of the 946-nm intracavity field. Output powers in excess of 5 mW at optical conversion efficiencies of approximately 2% have been observed with dye-laser pumping at 588 nm.
TiO <sub>2</sub> thin film based transparent flexible resistive switching random access memory (2016)

In our work we have fabricated TiO2 based resistive switching devices both on transparent substrates (ITO, IGZO/glass) and transparent flexible substrate (ITO/PET). All devices demonstrate the reproducibility of forming free bipolar resistive switching with high transparency in the visible light range (∼80% at the wavelength of 550 nm). Particularly, transparent and flexible device exhibits stable resistive switching performance at the initial state (flat) and even after bending state up to 500 times with curvature radius of 10% compared to flat state. The achieved characteristics of resistive switching of TiO2 thin films seem to be promising for transparent flexible random access memory.
Facile Hg2+ detection in water using fluorescent self-assembled monolayers of a rhodamine-based turn-on chemodosimeter formed via a “click” reaction (2011)

A ‘click reaction’ is used to synthesise a fluorescent self-assembled monolayer, which can be used to detect Hg2+ in both water and organic solutions. The resulting fluorescence sensor exhibits a rapid response and high sensitivity to Hg2+ due to the synergy effect between the nitrogens of a triazole group and a rhodamine moiety. The sensing properties are stable over a wide pH range in aqueous solutions.
A model for the multi-organ metabolism and nephrotoxicity of chlorotrifluoroethylene (1998)

During the past decade precision-cut tissue slices have begun to be utilized for toxicity and metabolism studies. These studies have primarily involved a single organ type. In this study, a new preparation of rat renal cortical slices was validated and used to investigate the toxicity of chlorotrifluoroethylene and its cysteine and glutathione conjugates. An additional level of complexity was added by utilizing a sequential incubation system in which rat renal cortical slices were directly incubated in the medium from liver slice incubations. Once the new renal slice preparation and sequential incubation system had been validated, these new methods were used to study the mechanism of toxicity of chlorotrifluoroethylene and it metabolites. The hypothesis being tested in these studies is that sequential biotransformation in the liver and the kidney is required for CTFE nephrotoxicity. In these studies I developed a sequential incubation system with precision-cut rat liver slices as the drug activating system and renal cortical slices as the target tissue for toxicity. Utilizing the sequential incubation system, I found that first incubating liver slices with CTFE and then transferring kidney slices to this liver slice incubation medium causes toxicity in the kidney slices. I also found that this toxicity correlates well with the toxicity observed with kidney slice incubations with the cysteine and glutathione conjugates of CTFE. By incubating slices with inhibitors of the various enzymes in the proposed metabolic pathway of CTFE, it was determined that glutathione conjugation in the liver and subsequent degradation by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase are important steps in toxicity of CTFE. Although previous research with inhibitors of β-lyase have indicated that β-lyase is an essential enzyme in the bioactivation of CTFE, inhibition of the pyridoxal phosphate cofactor of this enzyme in renal slices did not reduce the toxicity of conjugates of CTFE. There was no reduction in toxicity when dipeptidases were inhibited when transport via the organic anion transporter or neutral amino acid transporter were inhibited. These data indicate that the glutathione conjugate of CTFE is formed in the liver and that the subsequent metabolism of this glutathione conjugate in the kidney is required for nephrotoxicity.
Hsp90 depletion goes wild (2012)

Hsp90 reveals phenotypic variation in the laboratory, but is Hsp90 depletion important in the wild? Recent work from Chen and Wagner in BMC Evolutionary Biology has discovered a naturally occurring Drosophila allele that downregulates Hsp90, creating sensitivity to cryptic genetic variation. Laboratory studies suggest that the exact magnitude of Hsp90 downregulation is important. Extreme Hsp90 depletion might reactivate transposable elements and/or induce aneuploidy, in addition to revealing cryptic genetic variation. See research article http://wwww.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/12/25.
Integrating the Probabilistic Models BM25/BM25F into Lucene (2009)

This document describes the BM25 and BM25F implementation using the Lucene Java Framework. Both models have stood out at TREC by their performance and are considered as state-of-the-art in the IR community. BM25 is applied to retrieval on plain text documents, that is for documents that do not contain fields, while BM25F is applied to documents with structure.
Guanine-containing copper(<scp>ii</scp>) complexes: synthesis, X-ray structures and magnetic properties (2007)

Three new compounds of formula {[Cu(gua)(H(2)O)(3)](BF(4))(SiF(6))(1/2)}(n) (1), {[Cu(gua)(H(2)O)(3)](CF(3)SO(3))(2).H(2)O}(n) (2) and [Cu(gua)(2)(H(2)O)(HCOO)]ClO(4).H(2)O.1/2HCOOH] (3) [gua = 2-amino-1H-purin-6(9H)-one] showing the unprecedented coordination of neutral guanine, have been synthesised and structurally characterized. The structures of the compounds 1 and 2 contain uniform copper(II) chains of formula [Cu(gua)(H(2)O)(3)](n)(2n+), where the copper atoms are bridged by guanine ligands coordinated via N(3) and N(7). The electroneutrality is achieved by uncoordinated tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorosilicate (1) and triflate (2). Each copper atom in 1 and 2 is five-coordinated in a distorted square pyramidal environment: two water molecules in trans positions and the N(3) and N(7a) nitrogen atoms of two guanine ligands build the basal plane whereas a water molecule fills the axial position. The values of the copper-copper separation across the bridging guanine ligand are 7.183(1) (1) and 7.123(1) A (2). is an ionic salt whose structure is made up of mononuclear [Cu(gua)(2)(H(2)O)(HCOO)](+) cations and perchlorate anions plus water and formic acid as crystallization molecules. The two guanine ligands in the cation are coordinated to the copper centre through the N(9) atom. The copper atom in 3 is four-coordinated with two monodentate guanine molecules in the trans position, a water molecule and a monodenate formate ligand building a quasi square planar surrounding. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for 1 and 2 in the temperature range 1.9-300 K show the occurrence of significant intrachain antiferromagnetic interactions between the copper(ii) ions across the guanine bridge [J = -9.6(1) (1) and -10.3(1) cm(-1) (2) with H = -J summation operator(i)S(i).S(i+1)].
1.6&#x2013;2.1 GHz broadband Doherty power amplifiers for LTE handset applications (2011)

A Doherty power amplifier (PA) for long term evolution (LTE) applications is fully integrated on a 1.4×1.4 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> die using a 2-μm InGaP/GaAs hetero-junction bipolar transistor (HBT) process. The quarter-wavelength transformer is the bandwidth (BW) limit of the Doherty PA. Other bandwidth limiting factors are analyzed and eliminated. A conventional phase compensation circuit and an additional offset line are merged into the input network of the Doherty PA and the output circuit of the peaking amplifier, respectively. The multi-section output matching having the same impedance transformation and a broadband input matching are utilized. A Wilkinson power divider is transformed into a lumped type and integrated on a chip for enhancing the bandwidth of Doherty operation. For a LTE signal with a 7.5-dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and a 10-MHz BW, the PA with a supply voltage of 4.5 V delivers a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 36.3%, and an adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) of -32 dBc with an average output power of 27.5 dBm at a frequency of 1.85 GHz. Across 1.6-2.1 GHz, the PA performs a PAE of over 30%, a gain of over 28 dB and an ACLR of below -31 dBc at an average output power of 27.5 dBm while satisfying the standard spectrum mask. These results verify that the proposed bandwidth enhancement techniques are effective for the handset Doherty PA.
A review on emerging contaminants in wastewaters and the environment: Current knowledge, understudied areas and recommendations for future monitoring (2014)

This review identifies understudied areas of emerging contaminant (EC) research in wastewaters and the environment, and recommends direction for future monitoring. Non-regulated trace organic ECs including pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs and personal care products are focused on due to ongoing policy initiatives and the expectant broadening of environmental legislation. These ECs are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, mainly derived from the discharge of municipal wastewater effluents. Their presence is of concern due to the possible ecological impact (e.g., endocrine disruption) to biota within the environment. To better understand their fate in wastewaters and in the environment, a standardised approach to sampling is needed. This ensures representative data is attained and facilitates a better understanding of spatial and temporal trends of EC occurrence. During wastewater treatment, there is a lack of suspended particulate matter analysis due to further preparation requirements and a lack of good analytical approaches. This results in the under-reporting of several ECs entering wastewater treatment works (WwTWs) and the aquatic environment. Also, sludge can act as a concentrating medium for some chemicals during wastewater treatment. The majority of treated sludge is applied directly to agricultural land without analysis for ECs. As a result there is a paucity of information on the fate of ECs in soils and consequently, there has been no driver to investigate the toxicity to exposed terrestrial organisms. Therefore a more holistic approach to environmental monitoring is required, such that the fate and impact of ECs in all exposed environmental compartments are studied. The traditional analytical approach of applying targeted screening with low resolution mass spectrometry (e.g., triple quadrupoles) results in numerous chemicals such as transformation products going undetected. These can exhibit similar toxicity to the parent EC, demonstrating the necessity of using an integrated analytical approach which compliments targeted and non-targeted screening with biological assays to measure ecological impact. With respect to current toxicity testing protocols, failure to consider the enantiomeric distribution of chiral compounds found in the environment, and the possible toxicological differences between enantiomers is concerning. Such information is essential for the development of more accurate environmental risk assessment.
Cuypers meets users: implementing a user model architecture for multimedia presentation generation (2003)

With the rapid growth of interest in the Internet as a means for accessing multimedia presentations for education, entertainment and commerce, comes a corresponding need for systems to supply automatically generated, personalised presentations.Multimedia is a rich and complex genre of resources and the interrelated effects of content, style and structure ensure that automatic presentation generation is in itself a complicated and challenging task.Integrating a model for user personalisation adds a further layer of complication and ensuring that the requirements of user, supplier and platform are all met is a demanding undertaking.This project investigates the influence of information about a user in the process of generating a multimedia presentation.As a result an architecture taking into account these trade-offs is proposed.To evaluate this combined architecture, a framework has been implemented which adjusts colour choices based on the different influences involved.This paper describes the integration of a user modelling approach within an existing system architecture, discusses some of the issues involved in applying user modelling to multimedia presentation generation and describes the prototype implementation and how it addresses some of these issues.
Does Mirtazapine Have a More Rapid Onset Than SSRIs? (2001)

These data support the possibility that mirtazapine may have a more rapid onset than SSRIs. This observation should be considered preliminary because of the retrospective nature of the analysis and the absence of a placebo group.
A collaborative intrusion detection system using log server and neural networks (2006)

With the explosive rapid expansion of computer use during the past few years, security has become a crucial issue for modern computer systems. Today, there are so many intrusion detection systems (IDS) on the Internet. A variety of intrusion detection techniques and tools exist in the computer security community. We can easily download, install and configure them to our needs. But there is a potential problem involved with intrusion detection systems that are installed locally on the machines to be monitored. If the system being monitored is compromised, it is quite likely that the intruder will alter the system logs and the intrusion logs while the intrusion remains undetected. In this project KIT-I, we adopt remote logging server (RLS) mechanism, which is used to backup the log files to the server. Taking into account security, we make use of the function of SSL of Java and certificate authority (CA) based on key management. Furthermore, neural networks are applied in our project to detect the intrusion activities.
Gene therapy strategies for treating brain tumors: Retroviruses are still good candidates for therapeutic vectors (2013)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. In the past few decades, many efforts have been made to improve the prognosis of GBM, however, with limited success. Many gene therapy strategies for GBM have been developed and a few have progressed to clinical trials. Retroviral vectors have superior features for gene therapy in brain cancers, including tumor specificity, immunogenicity, and longer half-life. Early gene therapy trials in GBM patients based on transplantation of retrovirus-producing cells into the brain failed to prove efficacious. Adenoviral vectors, which can be prepared as high-titer virus solutions and undergo efficient transduction in tumor cells, failed in clinical trials, likely due to immunogenicity and instability of gene expression. Alternative therapeutics such as oncolytic viruses that specifically target and destroy cancer cells are currently under investigation. In addition to novel vectors, retroviral vectors are still attractive candidates for use in gene therapy against brain tumors. Since yields of properly-packaged viral particles from virus-producing cells have been very limited so far, gene therapy by direct injection of hightiter retroviral vectors into the patients’ brains was not possible. To overcome these disadvantages, a packaging cell line that yields high-titer retroviral solutions was established by our group, enabling the direct injection of massive retroviral vector stocks directly into the brain. Mouse glioma models were effectively cured with a combination of a suicide gene/ prodrug system and a highly-concentrated retrovirus solution. Preclinical assessments, including that of replication-competent retroviruses and tumorigenicity of the combination method, have confirmed the safety of the highly-concentrated retrovirus solution. Addi tional studies are needed to address the clinical utility of such combination gene therapies. Taken together, these data suggest that retroviral vectors are still good candidates for development in gene therapy applications.
1-Styrylimidazoles (1976)

The reactions of imidazoles with styrene oxide to yield 1-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)derivatives are described. On treatment with thionyl chloride and potassium hydroxide the alcohols may be converted readily into 1-styrylimidazoles.
INHIBITION OF HISTAMINE RELEASE FROM HUMAN LUNG<i>in vitro</i>BY ANTIHISTAMINES AND RELATED DRUGS (1980)

1 A series of cationic, lipophilic histamine H1-receptor antagonists, neuroleptics, antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors were tested for their effects on anti-IgE-induced histamine release from human lung fragments in vitro. 2 They had a biphasic effect: at low concentrations a dose-related inhibition of histamine release was observed whereas, at higher concentrations, the drugs liberated histamine even in the absence of antigen. 3 Mepyramine, a much less lipophilic drug than the others tested, was only weakly active on mast cells at pharmacological concentrations. 4 The potency of the drugs as release inhibitors was not related quantitatively to their histamine liberating potency. 5 There was no; correlation between activity on mast cells and histamine H1-receptor antagonism. 6 Mast cell stabilization may play a part in the activity of these drugs as anti-allergic agents.
Changes in the Specificity of Blood Groups Induced by Enzymes from Soil Fungi (1989)

Three strains of Cunninghamella elegance (C. elegance), Penicillium simplicissimum (P. simpl.), and Aspergillus niger (A. niger) were isolated from soil that produced the enzymes acting on blood groups A and B red cells. Culture filtrates from these fungi contained alpha-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminidase as an A-decomposing enzyme, which resulted in an almost complete loss of A specificity and an enhancement of blood group H activity as measured by elution tests using monoclonal antibodies. They also contained an alpha-D-galactosidase and an alpha-L-fucosidase, which partially destroyed the blood group B specific activity, but did not influence the blood group H specific activity.
Can't Touch This: Consistent Network Updates for Multiple Policies (2016)

Computer networks such as the Internet or datacenter networks have become a a crucial infrastructure for many criticial services. Accordingly, it is important that such networks preserve correctness criteria, even during transitions from one correct configuration to a new correct configuration. This paper initiates the study of how to simultaneously update multiple routes in a Software-Defined Network (SDN) in a transiently consistent and efficient manner. In particular, we study the problem of minimizing the number of switch interactions, in this paper also called "touches". Our main result is a negative one: we rigorously prove that jointly optimizing multiple route updates in a consistent and efficient manner is NP-hard, alreadyfor two routing policies. However, we also present an efficient, polynomial-time algorithm that, given correct update schedules for individual policies, computes an optimal global schedule with minimal touches.
Maintaining caching consistency for heterogeneous database systems (2010)

The fact of the increasingly globalized economy has driven many corporations to expand their business beyond their traditional database access. They want to access heterogeneous data source by a uniform query interface. One of the ways to view these systems is to postulate a global schema that provides a unifying data model for all the data sources. A query processor is in charge of reformulating queries written in terms of this global schema to queries on the appropriate source and integrating the answers into a global answer. To reduce the cost of response time and improve the performance, in generally, the integration system employ a cache technique which holds results of previous queries and results. however, a stale copy may return to users if the original has been modified and there is not any mechanism to notify the cached copy relative to the original stored on data sources. In this, paper, we intend to explore existing caching mechanisms to that give a solution to the issue of caching consistency in the integration systems.
Soliton-like solutions for a (2+1) -dimensional nonintegrable KdV equation and a variable-coefficient KdV equation (2003)

Based on a Riccati equation and a symbolic computation system-Maple, a generalized Riccati equation expansion method is presented for constructing soliton-like solutions and periodic form solutions for some nonlinear evolution equations (NEEs) or NEEs with variable coefficients. Compared with most of the existing tanh methods, the extended tanh-function method, the modified extended tanh-function method and the generalized hyperbolic-function method, the proposed method is more powerful. We study a (2+1)-dimensional general nonintegrable KdV equation, a KdV equation with variable coefficients. As a result, rich new families of exact solutions, including the non-travelling wave's and coefficient functions' soliton-like solutions, singular soliton-like solutions, periodic form solutions, are obtained. When setting the arbitrary functions in some solutions be equal to special constants or special functions, the solitary wave solutions can be recovered.