gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intellectual property for the engineer, purchaser and seller: what is it? Are you sure you own it...or are you giving it away? Why is it important to you? (1997)

The principal types of intellectual property legal protection are defined in the paper: patents, copyright, trade secrets, and trademarks and trade names. The paper then turns to some practical issues that arise in business with frequency and involve intellectual property law.
Statistics of SAR Interferograms with Application to Moving Target Detection (2001)

Osmotic control of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) release from magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) of the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei is essential for body fluid homeostasis. The electrical activity of MNCs, which is regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic osmosensitive factors, is a primary determinant of blood AVP and OXT levels. Although we now understand many of the cellular mechanisms that mediate the osmotic control of electrical activity and secretion from MNCs, further insight is likely to emerge from a molecular analysis of these mechanisms. An important step towards this goal could be made through the use of mouse genetic models. However, the electrophysiological properties of MNCs in mice have not been characterized, making direct comparisons with the rat model somewhat difficult. In this study, we examined the electrical properties of MNCs from the mouse SON. Extracellular recordings from neurons in superfused explants revealed modes of basal and osmotically modulated firing very similar to those observed previously in rats. Recordings in hypothalamic slices confirmed that SON neurons receive kynurenic-acid-sensitive excitatory synaptic inputs from the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT). Current-clamp recordings from acutely dissociated SON neurons showed proportional changes in membrane cation conductance during changes in fluid osmolality. We conclude, therefore, that MNCs in the mouse SON display intrinsic osmosensitive properties and firing patterns that are very similar to those reported in the rat. Mouse MNCs therefore represent a useful model for the study of molecular factors contributing to the osmotic control of AVP and OXT release.
Muscle Fatigue: The Role of Intracellular Calcium Stores (2002)

Force declines when muscles are used repeatedly and intensively and a variety of intracellular mechanisms appear to contribute to this muscle fatigue. Intracellular calcium release declines during fatigue and has been shown to contribute to the reduction in force. Three new approaches have helped to define the role of calcium stores to this decline in calcium release. Skinned fibre experiments show that when intracellular phosphate is increased the amount of Ca2+ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) declines. Intact fibre experiments show that the size of the calcium store declines during fatigue and recovers on rest. Intact muscles which lack the enzyme creatine kinase, do not exhibit the usual rise of phosphate during fatigue and, under these conditions, the decline of Ca2+ release is absent or delayed. These results can be explained by the "calcium phosphate precipitation" hypothesis. This proposes that if phosphate in the myoplasm rises, it enters the SR and binds to Ca2+ as Ca2+ phosphate. The resultant reduction in free Ca2+ within the SR contributes to the reduced Ca2+ release during fatigue.
Resolving a velocity inversion at the geotechnical scale using the microtremor (passive seismic) survey method (2004)

High levels of ambient noise and safety factors often limit the use of "active-source" seismic methods for geotechnical investigations in urban environments. As an alternative, shear-wave velocity-depth profiles can be obtained by treating the background microtremor wave field as a stochastic process, rather than adopting the traditional approach of calculating velocity based on ray path geometry from a known source. A recent field test in Melbourne demonstrates the ability of the microtremor method, using only Rayleigh waves, to resolve a velocity inversion resulting from the presence of a hard, 12 m thick basalt flow overlying 25 m of softer alluvial sediments and weathered mudstone. Normally the presence of the weaker underlying sediments would lead to an ambiguous or incorrect interpretation with conventional seismic refraction methods. However, this layer of sediments is resolved by the microtremor method, and its inclusion is required in one-dimensional layered-earth modelling in order to reproduce the Rayleigh-wave coherency spectra computed from observed seismic noise records.Nearby borehole data provided both a guide for interpretation and a confirmation of the usefulness of the passive Rayleigh-wave microtremor method. Sensitivity analyses of resolvable modelling parameters demonstrate that estimates of shear velocities and layer thicknesses are accurate to within approximately 10% to 20% using the spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) technique. Improved accuracy can be obtained by constraining shear velocities and/or layer thicknesses using independent site knowledge. Although there exists potential for ambiguity due to velocity-thickness equivalence, the microtremor method has significant potential as a site investigation tool in situations where the use of traditional seismic methods is limited.
Predictors of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Response: The Pivotal Role of Electrocardiogram (2013)

Heart failure affects millions of patients all over the world, and its treatment is a major clinical challenge. Cardiac dyssynchrony is common among patients with advanced heart failure. Resynchronization therapy is a major advancement in heart failure management, but unfortunately not all patients respond to this therapy. Hence, many diagnostic tests have been used to predict the response and prognosis after cardiac resynchronization therapy. In this paper we summarize the usefulness of different diagnostic modalities with special emphasis on the role of surface electrocardiogram as a major predictor of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Some Refinements on Peer Assessment of Group Projects (2001)

Abstract As the demand for group projects in higher education has increased in recent years, it is necessary to device an assessment method that results in fair grading of project group members. An attempt has been made to apply an existing peer assessment approach from Goldfinch to engineering student group projects. The results confirm the validity of the approach. However, the existing approach has a number of problems owing to the inevitable bias introduced by individual students during the peer assessment process. A new normalisation process is introduced to iron out the inherent shortcomings of the existing peer assessment method. The experience gained so far has led us to believe that this peer assessment method with normalisation can be used as a tool to assess individual marks of a group project.
Galanin Receptor-Mediated Inhibition of Glutamate Release in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus (1998)

It is thought that galanin, a 29 amino acid neuropeptide, is involved in various neuronal functions, including the regulation of food intake and hormone release. Consistent with this idea, galanin receptors have been demonstrated throughout the brain, with high levels being observed in the hypothalamus. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which galanin elicits its actions in the brain. Therefore, we studied the effects of galanin and its analogs on synaptic transmission using an in vitro slice preparation of rat hypothalamus. In arcuate nucleus neurons, application of galanin resulted in an inhibition of evoked glutamatergic EPSCs and a decrease in paired-pulse depression, indicating a presynaptic action. The fragments galanin 1-16 and 1-15 produced a robust depression of synaptic transmission, whereas the fragment 3-29 produced a lesser degree of depression. The chimeric peptides C7, M15, M32, and M40, which have been reported to antagonize some actions of galanin, all produced varying degrees of depression of evoked EPSCs. In a minority of cases, C7, M15, and M40 antagonized the actions of galanin. Analysis of mEPSCs in the presence of TTX and Cd2+, or after application of alpha-latrotoxin, indicated a site of action for galanin downstream of Ca2+ entry. Thus, our data suggest that galanin acts via several subtypes of presynaptic receptors to depress synaptic transmission in the rat arcuate nucleus.
Laboratory modeling of siphon drainage combined with surcharge loading consolidation for soft ground treatment (2017)

Conventional drainage consolidation methods cause significant energy consumption and environmental issues. In this paper, a method combining siphon drainage and surcharge loading is proposed to drain water from soft soil with vertically installed prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) and a siphon tube. To investigate the availability and effectiveness of this method, a laboratory physical modeling test was conducted to investigate the drainage and consolidation behavior. The laboratory modeling test results of this method were compared with the calculated results of the ideal sand-drained ground consolidation method to clarify the advantages and mechanism of this method. Comparison results show that the pore pressure and settlement in the proposed method developed faster than the calculation results of ideal sand-drained consolidation theory. About 10 m thickness of unsaturated zone can be formed by siphon drainage which produce a surcharge loading effect on the soil below the flow profile. Drainage is a very slow process in soft soil, and siphon drainage can work continually. Siphon drainage combined with surcharge loading is potentially a good alternative to drain water from soft clay economically and environmentally.
THE PREPARATION OF THYROXINE ANALOGS (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE PREPARATION OF THYROXINE ANALOGSSTANLEY WAWZONEK, SHIH C. WANG, and PRISCILLA LYONSCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1950, 15, 3, 593–599Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01149a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01149a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views142Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modeling light reflection for computer color vision (1990)

In computer vision applications, analysis of shading information requires a proper model of light reflection from object surfaces. To overcome the shortcoming of the most often used model and to extend the reflection model for computer color vision, an examination is made of the light reflection problem using the bidirectional spectral-reflectance distribution function (BSRDF) to specify both incident- and reflected-beam geometries. It is shown that the product form can still be retained for a polychromatic light source under two lighting conditions: the light source is collimated; or the spectral factor and the geometric factor can be separated for both the light source and the BSRDF of the surface. The reflection model is then applied to the formulation of a neutral-interface-reflection model, which is tested experimentally. The results show the adequacy of this type of model for surfaces of some material compositions, e.g. plastics, plant leaves, painted surfaces, orange peels, and some glossy cloth, but not for others, e.g. colored paper and some ceramics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Supervised morphogenesis: morphology control of ground-based self-assembling robots by aerial robots (2012)

In this paper, we study a heterogeneous robot team composed of self-assembling robots and aerial robots that cooperate with each other to carry out global tasks. We introduce supervised morphogenesis -- an approach in which aerial robots exploit their better view of the environment to detect tasks on the ground that require self-assembly, and perform on-board simulations to determine the morphology most adequate to carry out the task. In case existing morphologies on the ground do not match those determined in simulation, aerial robots use a series of enabling mechanisms to initiate and control (hence supervise) the formation of morphologies more adequate to carry out the task. Supervised morphogenesis solely employs LEDs and camera-based local communication between the two robot types. We validate the applicability of our approach in a real-world scenario, in which ground-based robots are given the task to cross an unknown, undulated terrain by forming ad-hoc morphologies under the supervision of an aerial robot.
Ultrastructural evidence for astroglial histogenesis of the monstrocellular astrocytoma (so-called monstrocellular sarcoma of brain) (1968)

Five astrocytomas grade III to IV, three fibrosarcomas and two so-called monstrocellular sarcomas were compared by light and electron microscopy in an attempt to determine the histogenesis of the last neoplasm. The bizarre giant cells characteristic of the monstrocellular tumor were found to be quite similar to those of the grade III to IV astrocytomas. Ultrastructural similarities between the monstrocellular tumor and astrocytomas and dissimilarities between these tumors and fibrosarcomas support an astrocytic origin; the authors suggest that these peculiar tumors be called monstrocellular astrocytomas or astrocytoma: monstrocellular variant.
Energy-efficiency and transmission strategy selection in cooperative wireless sensor networks (2007)

Energy efficiency is one of the most critical concerns for wireless sensor networks. By allowing sensor nodes in close proximity to cooperate in transmission to form a virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, recent progress in wireless MIMO communications can be exploited to boost the system throughput, or equivalently reduce the energy consumption for the same throughput and BER target. However, these cooperative transmission strategies may incur additional energy cost and system overhead. In this paper, assuming that data collectors are equipped with antenna arrays and superior processing capability, energy efficiency of relevant traditional and cooperative transmission strategies: Single-input-multiple-output (SIMO), space-time block coding (STBC), and spatial multiplexing (SM) are studied. Analysis in the wideband regime reveals that, while receive diversity introduces significant improvement in both energy efficiency and spectral efficiency, further improvement due to the transmit diversity of STBC is limited, as opposed to the superiority of the SM scheme especially for non-trivial spectral efficiency. These observations are further confirmed in our analysis of more realistic systems with limited bandwidth, finite constellation sizes, and a target error rate. Based on this analysis, general guidelines are presented for optimal transmission strategy selection in system level and link level, aiming at minimum energy consumption while meeting different requirements. The proposed selection rules, especially those based on system-level metrics, are easy to implement for sensor applications. The framework provided here may also be readily extended to other scenarios or applications.
High-Throughput Screening Using the Differential Radial Capillary Action of Ligand Assay Identifies Ebselen As an Inhibitor of Diguanylate Cyclases (2013)

The rise of bacterial resistance to traditional antibiotics has motivated recent efforts to identify new drug candidates that target virulence factors or their regulatory pathways. One such antivirulence target is the cyclic-di-GMP (cdiGMP) signaling pathway, which regulates biofilm formation, motility, and pathogenesis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen that utilizes cdiGMP-regulated polysaccharides, including alginate and pellicle polysaccharide (PEL), to mediate virulence and antibiotic resistance. CdiGMP activates PEL and alginate biosynthesis by binding to specific receptors including PelD and Alg44. Mutations that abrogate cdiGMP binding to these receptors prevent polysaccharide production. Identification of small molecules that can inhibit cdiGMP binding to the allosteric sites on these proteins could mimic binding defective mutants and potentially reduce biofilm formation or alginate secretion. Here, we report the development of a rapid and quantitative high-throughput screen for inhibitors of protein-cdiGMP interactions based on the differential radial capillary action of ligand assay (DRaCALA). Using this approach, we identified ebselen as an inhibitor of cdiGMP binding to receptors containing an RxxD domain including PelD and diguanylate cyclases (DGC). Ebselen reduces diguanylate cyclase activity by covalently modifying cysteine residues. Ebselen oxide, the selenone analogue of ebselen, also inhibits cdiGMP binding through the same covalent mechanism. Ebselen and ebselen oxide inhibit cdiGMP regulation of biofilm formation and flagella-mediated motility in P. aeruginosa through inhibition of diguanylate cyclases. The identification of ebselen provides a proof-of-principle that a DRaCALA high-throughput screening approach can be used to identify bioactive agents that reverse regulation of cdiGMP signaling by targeting cdiGMP-binding domains.
A study on energy efficient cloud computing (2015)

The rapid increase in demand for computation, increasing amount of data storage needed for running high performance computing enterprises increases the energy and power consumed by large infrastructure. Cloud computing provides a solution to reduce the adverse environmental impacts and saves energy. Our paper draws the attention on the various methods enforced on the cloud environment to make it more energy efficient. In this paper the different energy and power models are being discussed and the main challenges to build a model for green cloud with the help of SLAs are identified. One of the main objectives considered in cloud computing is to provide reliable QoS. This can be defined in the SLA which describes such characteristics. The different ways to minimize energy and power in the cloud computing services are also being discussed in this paper. Our work surveys the various models which will pave the road map for an energy efficient cloud.
Direct extraction technique to derive the junction temperature of HBT's under high self-heating bias conditions (2000)

A new technique is presented that can directly extract the mean device junction temperature of heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) under high self-heating operating conditions. The method uses three trivial DC measurements of the device where the junction temperature is known to be the same. This paper details the technique and applies it to both closely and widely spaced multi-finger HBT's, and compares the results to methods already known.
Avaliação histológica da laserterapia de baixa intensidade na cicatrização de tecidos epitelial, conjuntivo e ósseo: estudo experimental em ratos (2008)

A cicatrização é um processo fisiológico que ocorre diante de injúriascausadas em tecidos vivos. Muitas pesquisas estão sendo realizadasvisando à estimulação do reparo tecidual. O objetivo deste artigo foiavaliar histologicamente a resposta de tecidos epitelial, conjuntivo eósseo submetidos à laserterapia de baixa intensidade (LBI) em ummodelo experimental de reprodução alveolar. Como metodologia,foram realizadas aplicações de LBI em quatro grupos de cinco ratos,nos seguintes parâmetros: 10 mW potência única e 660 nm – 7,5 J/cm2;660 nm – 15 J/cm2 ; 780 nm – 7,5 J/cm2; e 780 nm – 15 J/cm2. Ostempos experimentais foram 3, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias. Como resultado,os tecidos epitelial e conjuntivo mostraram renovação celular atípicae acelerada durante o período de irradiação; o tecido ósseo teve suaneoformação acelerada, porém de igual padrão ao grupo controle.Concluiu-se que os tecidos epitelial e conjuntivo reagiram àestimulação de LBI com renovação celular constante. No tecido ósseo houve uma aceleração da neoformação e reparação óssea, dentro dospadrões de normalidade.
Nanoclusters evenly dispersed in polymers (1995)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTNanoclusters evenly dispersed in polymersJOSEPH HAGGINCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1995, 73, 24, 6–7Publication Date (Print):June 12, 1995Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 12 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v073n024.p006ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v073n024.p006anewsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1995 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views8Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Nanoclusters Get e-Alerts
Waiting for service: ten years of empirical research (1999)

The problem of waiting is important in service activities, when customers are passive, often standing in a queue. This paper reviews 18 published empirical studies to identify groups of factors and their influence on customers. Some groups of factors reveal significant effects, such as real waiting time or expectation; others such as environmental factors are disappointing. These results alter our vision of the phenomenon, and lead to new directions for further practical or theoretical investigations, for example reintegrating the non‐linear effects of time in the study of waiting, exploring the expectation phenomenon and its variations, classifying customers and situations in order to manage critical waiting circumstances better.