gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relating Corrosion of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Reinforcements with Fluid Conductivity of Backfill Soils (2014)

The service life of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls depends on the rate of corrosion of the metallic reinforcements used in their construction. Several highway agencies in the US are more frequently specifying coarse (with hardly any aggregates passing No. 40 sieve) backfills to construct their MSE walls. The traditional assessment of corrosion potential of backfills requires the accurate evaluation of pH, resistivity, and sulfate and chlorine concentrations of aqueous solutions in contact with the surrounding aggregate. Evaluation of the electrochemical parameters of coarse backfills is challenging because traditional methods (e.g., AASHTO T-288, T-290 and T-291) utilize only fine materials. To address this concern in a practical manner, a new procedure that evaluates the corrosively of the backfill materials from the electrochemical properties of liquid extracted from a leach test on the specified gradation of the backfill has been proposed recently. This paradigm shift required an evaluation of the relevance of these electrochemical properties to the rate of corrosion of metallic reinforcements embedded within the backfill. A methodology was devised to monitor and estimate the corrosion rate of galvanized steel in MSE walls with a conductivity sensor coupled with laboratory electrochemical techniques. The fluid conductivity of six coarse-grained backfill soils undergoing wet/dry cycles and continuously saturated conditions were measured for up to 120 weeks. The corrosion rates of galvanized steel were determined indirectly by using the conductivities of the solutions obtained from leaching the six backfills. The conductivity of the leach-liquor appears promising to monitor the corrosion rate even though the predicted corroded thickness was slightly less than the measured corroded thickness.
Holonic manufacturing systems: - architectural and manufacturing control issues (2000)

sponsorship: Afd. PMA.
Evaluation and usability of programming languages and tools (plateau) (2009)

Programming languages exist to enable programmers to develop software effectively. But how efficiently programmers can write software depends on the usability of the languages and tools that they develop with. The aim of this workshop is to discuss methods, metrics and techniques for evaluating the usability of languages and language tools. The supposed benefits of such languages and tools cover a large space, including making programs easier to read, write, and maintain; allowing programmers to write more flexible and powerful programs; and restricting programs to make them more safe and secure. We plan to gather the intersection of researchers in the programming language, programming tool, and human-computer interaction communities to share their research and discuss the future of evaluation and usability of programming languages and tools. We are also interested in the input of other members of the programming research community working on related areas, such as refactoring, design patterns, program analysis, program comprehension, software visualization, end-user programming, and other programming language paradigms.
Early Surgery Beneficial for Asymptomatic Severe Mitral Regurgitation (2009)

Controversy surrounds the timing of surgical intervention for asymptomatic severe mitral regurgitation (MR) with preserved LV systolic function. These
Chaos router (1991)

The Chaos router is an adaptive, randomized message router for multlicomputers. Aclaptive routers are superior to oblivious routers, the state-of-the-art, because they can by-pass congestion and faults. unlike other adaptive routers, however, the Chaos router has reduced the complexity along the critical path of the routing decision by using randomization to eliminate livelock protection, The foundational theory for Chaotic routing, proving that, this approach is sound, has been previously de~-eloped [1 1]. In this paper we present, the complete design of the router together with (simulated) performance figures. The results show that, the Chaos t-outer is competitive with the simple and fast obli~ious routers for random loads and greatly superior for loads with hot spots. 1
Eye Movement Analysis of Text-Based Web Page Layouts (2009)

Usability News is a free web newsletter that is produced by the Software Usability Research Laboratory (SURL) at Wichita State University. The SURL team specializes in software/website user interface design, usability testing, and research in human-computer interaction.
Occurrence and Clinical Relevance of<i>Mycobacterium chimaera</i>sp. nov., Germany (2008)

Retrospective molecular genetic analysis of 166 Mycobacterium intracellulare isolates showed that 143 (86%) strains could be assigned to Mycobacterium chimaera sp. nov. Of 97 patients from whom M. chimaera sp. nov. was isolated, only 3.3% exhibited mycobacterial lung disease, whereas all M. intracellulare isolates caused severe pulmonary infections.
Immunoassayable Insulin Content of Subcellular Fractions of Rat Islets<sup>1</sup> (1969)

Islets of Langerhans were isolated from rat islets by a modification of the collagenase digestion procedure. The islets were fractionated by centrifugation techniques and the presence of an enriched insulin secretion granule fraction was shown as well as the quantitative distribution of insulin in other fractions. The content of insulin relative to other proteins in individual fractions was estimated. Current literature on insulin content of islets and pancreas was discussed with respect to these results. (Endocrinology85: 218, 1969)
Book review (1995)

Sports injuries, mechanisms, prevention, treatment Freddie H Fu and David A Stone (eds), 1040 pages, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1994 ISBN 0-683-03388-3
Enzymatic Solubilization of Arabinoxylans from Native, Extruded, and High-Shear-Treated Rye Bran by Different Endo-xylanases and Other Hydrolyzing Enzymes (2004)

The overall objective of this research was to find a new way to valorize rye bran, by producing a gellifier from the enzymatic solubilization of arabinoxylans (AX). The effects of three pure endo-xylanases from Aspergillus niger (Xyl-1), Talaromyces emersonii (Xyl-2), and Bacillus subtilis (Xyl-3) and of Grindamyl S100 (GS100), a commercial enzyme preparation containing a Xyl-1 type endo-xylanase, were tested on rye bran to study the solubilization of water-unextractable arabinoxylans (WUAX). Eight different extrusion-treated rye brans were also used as substrates to find the best physical treatment to facilitate enzymatic arabinoxylan (AX) solubilization. Arabinoxylans were better solubilized from the bran extruded at high temperature using Xyl-3. This enzyme was then tested in combination with pure (1,4)-beta-d-arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolase (AXH) and endo-beta-d-glucanase or ferulic acid esterase (FAE), from A. niger. Only beta-glucanase in combination with Xyl-3 improved the AX extraction, but it did not have a marked effect on the viscosity of the extracts. Xyl-3 was then tested on a high-shear-treated rye bran, and results were compared to those obtained with the high-temperature-extruded rye bran. The high-shear treatment did not improve the bran AX enzymatic solubilization. The combination of FAE with Xyl-1 or Xyl-3 did not improve the AX extraction from untreated and high-shear-treated rye bran. Finally, to study the gelation capacity of the enzymatically solubilized AX, the effect of the hydrogen peroxide/horseradish peroxidase (H(2)O(2)/POD) was tested on the Xyl-3 high-temperature-extruded bran extracts. Solubilized AX did not gel in the presence of the oxidizing system.
Effect of a nonhypotensive long-term infusion of ANP on the mechanical and structural properties of the arterial wall in Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats. (1993)

A nonhypotensive dose of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was infused (60 pg/kg body wt per day s.c. by osmotic pump) for 25 days in 16-week-old normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs, n = 12) and age-matched spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs, n = 12). During the infusion period, systolic blood pressure, urinary volume, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) excretion/12 hr were measured once a week in both groups. Then mechanical and morphological properties of the arterial wall and plasma ANP levels were assessed and compared with those from control groups of SHRs (n = 8) and WKYs (n = 8) receiving a saline vehicle. The compliance (CC) of the in situ localized carotid artery was measured for pressures ranging from 25 to 175 mm Hg under control conditions and after "poisoning" of smooth muscle tone by potassium cyanide. After pressure fixation, the medial thickness, elastin and collagen contents, and the size and number of nuclei were measured in the thoracic descending aorta. In WKYs, ANP did not modify either mechanical or structural properties of the arterial wall or biochemical parameters. Conversely, in ANP-treated SHRs, CC was significantly increased compared with untreated SHRs under basal conditions (p < 0.03) and after potassium cyanide poisoning (p < 0.02). Structural properties were also modified by ANP in SHRs, i.e., medial thickness (129.3 +/- 4.1 versus 113.1 +/- 3.3 microns, p < 0.01) and nuclear size (8.81 +/- 0.28 versus 5.52 +/- 0.20 microns 2, p < 0.0001) in untreated and treated SHRs, respectively. Furthermore, urinary volume and cGMP content were significantly increased during ANP infusion in treated SHRs (p < 0.05). The present results indicate concomitant modifications of mechanical and structural properties of the arterial wall in SHRs chronically treated with low doses of ANP. These long-term effects of ANP could be involved in the remodeling of the arterial wall observed during hypertension and could have beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases in chronic sustained hypertension.
Theoretical prediction of thermooptical and structurally disordered sensitivities in metallo-dielectric photonic crystals (2006)

In this letter, we introduce a novel computational technique for predicting thermal and structural sensitivities in metallo-dielectric photonic crystals (PCs). The computational scheme is based on a hybrid formalism of the scattering matrix technique combined with the adjoint network method. The proposed technique can predict with high accuracy the impact of temperature fluctuations or structural disorders, to the lightwave propagation in PCs, without additional computational effort. Numerical simulations show that PC circuits based on metallic-metamaterial platforms are significantly less sensitive to temperature variations in comparison to usual dielectric PCs.
Preparation of diamondoid hydrocarbons by rearrangement employing a chlorinated platinum-alumina catalyst (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of diamondoid hydrocarbons by rearrangement employing a chlorinated platinum-alumina catalystM. A. McKervey, D. E. Johnston, and J. J. RooneyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 11, 2798–2799Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00740a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00740a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
THE HAUSDORFF VORONOI DIAGRAM OF POLYGONAL OBJECTS: A DIVIDE AND CONQUER APPROACH (2004)

We study the Hausdorff Voronoi diagram of a set S of polygonal objects in the plane, a generalization of Voronoi diagrams based on the maximum distance of a point from a polygon, and show that it is equivalent to the Voronoi diagram of S under the Hausdorff distance function. We investigate the structural and combinatorial properties of the Hausdorff Voronoi diagram and give a divide and conquer algorithm for the construction of this diagram that improves upon previous results. As a byproduct we introduce the Hausdorff hull, a structure that relates to the Hausdorff Voronoi diagram in the same way as a convex hull relates to the ordinary Voronoi diagram. The Hausdorff Voronoi diagram finds direct application in the problem of computing the critical area of a VLSI Layout, a measure reflecting the sensitivity of a VLSI design to random manufacturing defects, described in a companion paper. 13
Strain-Dependent Differences in the Specificity of Antibody Responses toward Lysozyme (1971)

Summary Most mouse strains responded well to immunization with lysozyme, but only certain strains produced antibodies against a conjugate consisting of the “loop” region (residues 60–83) of lysozyme attached to a synthetic polymer. The latter strains, which did not respond to the above synthetic conjugate, were also unable to produce antibodies specific for the “loop” region when injected with intact lysozyme. The F1 hybrid between low and high responders showed an intermediate response. It appears that the immune response to the natural determinants of proteins is genetically controlled.
INFRARED DICHROISM STUDIES OF SOME MOLECULAR COMPLEXES (1955)

l a x e s .
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangement of Zaragozic Acid A Derivatives. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
TNF‐alpha‐Antagonisten in der Therapie der Psoriasis – Nutzen und Risiken (2002)

Zusammenfassung: Es sind derzeit zwei TNF‐α‐antagonisiernde Medikamente auf dem Markt verfügbar: Etanercept, ein Fusionsprotein des p75 TNF Rezeptors und des IgG1 und Infliximab, ein chimerer human‐muriner monoclonaler Antikörper. Sie sind für die Behandlung der rheumatoiden Arthritis und/oder des Morbus Crohn zugelassen. Neue Erkenntnisse über die Rolle des proinflammatorischen Zytokins TNF‐α in der Pathogenese der Psoriaisis führten in open‐label und randomisierten Studien bei Patienten mit Psoriasis und Psoriatischer Arthropathie zum Einsatz dieser Substanzen. Obwohl größere randomisierte Studien erforderlich sind, die Resultate zu untermauern, konnten beide Substanzn ihre Wirksamkeit unter Beweis stellen, indem sie die Symptome der psoriatischen Arthropathie und der Psoriasis deutlich verbesserten. Weitere Studien und neue Indikationen werden den Stellenwert von Infliximab in der Dermatologie genauer bewerten.
Origin of the highly enhanced porosity of styryl LDH hybrid-type carbon replicas and study of a subsequent fluorination at low-temperature (2006)

To understand the textural properties of carbon replicas obtained from the charring of styryl-based LDH hybrid assemblies, the calcination process was carefully studied within a temperature domain between 500 and 700 °C. Supported by several characterizations such as nitrogen gas adsorption, X-ray diffraction recorded in situ, Raman and ESR, the drastic change in the porosity (micro- and meso-porosity) should be explained by the thermal process combined to the acid-leaching procedure responsible for the opening of the porosity and more specifically by the intimate mixing between the organic and inorganic components. Indeed, a temperature of 600 °C is found to ensure the carbonisation of the organic part, as well as supplying small inorganic particles. Their departure during the acid-leaching is believed to create the well defined mesoporosity, and higher temperatures of treatment induce a crystallisation of the particles, and ill defined mesopores for the relative carbon replica. The carbon replica is found to be reactive against fluorine gas, with a nominal uptake dependant of the temperature and of up to 1.0 F per carbon atom. The fluorination is highly deleterious for the texture with a drastic decrease in the specific surface area. The higher the temperature of fluorination, the lower is the corresponding BET surface area. The mechanism of fluorination is studied by ESR and 19F solid state NMR. Against lithium ion the fluorinated carbon replicas exhibit an intricate electrochemical behavior, and an unexpected reversible process is observed at 2.5 V vs Li for the carbon replica fluorinated at 300 °C.
The Mechanics And Molecular Regulation Of Heart Valve Morphogenesis (2012)

Congenital heart defects (CHD) affect over 1% of the American population and are the origin of substantial healthcare costs. A majority of these defects involve malformations of the valvuloseptal apparatus, which is the precursor to the valves of the heart. Due to the necessity of valves for proper heart function, most moderate to severe valve defects require surgical intervention. Corrective surgery is costly and can result in complications and/or restrictions on the patient's lifestyle. Current genetic evidence for CHD is inadequate to explain the variety and prevalence of these defects, suggesting that misguided molecular and mechanical signaling may be responsible. Unfortunately, the role of mechanical and molecular signaling in normal valve development is only beginning to be elucidated, making the detection of defective valves difficult. An understanding of these mechanical and molecular cues and their effect on valve mechanics in normal development is essential for effective treatment of CHDs. In this dissertation, we focus on the capacity of mechanical and molecular signals to direct valve morphology and mechanical properties. We first validate two mechanical testing techniques to characterize the mechanical properties of avian valves through development. This revealed a monotonic increase in valve stiffness which was concomitant with a rapid transition from globular to planar geometry. We then investigated the capacity of transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF[beta] 3) and serotonin (5-HT) to stimulate biomechanical remodeling in avian valves. TGF[beta] 3 significantly increased valve stiffness through cell contraction, proliferation, and extracellular matrix synthesis. 5-HT modulated TGF[beta] 3 remodeling in both in vitro and in vivo models. This demonstrated a plausible molecular mechanism for the stiffness increase observed during development. To investigate the role of mechanical signaling, we developed a model of growth and remodeling (shape change) that is driven by mechanical stimuli. The consequences of particular assumptions about growth were illustrated with numerical examples. We then built a computational model of valve growth involving both the fluid and solid domains of the atrioventricular (AV) canal and valve. The distribution of the fluid loads on the valve was correlated with the natural morphology of the valve. The computational framework allowed the effects of pressure and shear tractions to be individually interpreted. These results provided a potential mechanical mechanism to explain the valve morphology observed during development. The dissertation concludes with a chapter on teaching and outreach that stemmed from my involvement in the NSF GK-12 program. Conclusions and future directions are discussed.
Activity of the major staphylococcal autolysin Atl (2006)

The major autolysin of Staphylococcus aureus (AtlA) and of Staphylococcus epidermidis (AtlE) are well-studied enzymes. Here we created an atlA deletion mutant in S. aureus that formed large cell clusters and was biofilm-negative. In electron micrographs, the mutant cells were distinguished by rough outer cell surface. The mutant could be complemented using the atlE gene from S. epidermidis. To study the role of the repetitive sequences of atlE, we expressed in Escherichia coli the amidase domain encoded by the gene, carrying no repeat regions (amiE) or two repeat regions (amiE-R1,2), or the three repeat regions alone (R1,2,3) as N-terminal His-tag fusion proteins. Only slight differences in the cell wall lytic activity between AmiE and AmiE-R1,2 were observed. The repetitive sequences exhibit a good binding affinity to isolated peptidoglycan and might contribute to the targeting of the amidase to the substrate. AmiE and AmiE-R1,2 have a broad substrate specificity as shown by similar activities with peptidoglycan lacking wall teichoic acid, O-acetylation, or both. As the amidase activity of AtlA and AtlE has not been proved biochemically, we used purified AmiE-R1,2 to determine the exact peptidoglycan cleavage site. We provide the first evidence that the amidase indeed cleaves the amide bond between N-acetyl muramic acid and L-alanine.
Regression of Electrocardiographic Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Decreased Incidence of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Hypertension (2006)

Lower Cornell product electrocardiographic LVH during antihypertensive therapy is associated with a lower likelihood of new-onset AF, independent of blood pressure lowering and treatment modality in essential hypertension. These findings suggest that antihypertensive therapy targeted at regression or prevention of electrocardiographic LVH may reduce the incidence of new-onset AF.
Two Groups of Phytoplasmas from Japan Distinguished on the Basis of Amplification and Restriction Analysis of 16S rDNA (1997)

Phytoplasmas (mycoplasmalike organisms, MLOs) associated with mitsuba (Japanese hone-wort) witches'-broom (JHW), garland chrysanthemum witches'-broom (GCW), eggplant dwarf (ED), tomato yellows (TY), marguerite yellows (MY), gentian witches'-broom (GW), and tsu-wabuki witches'-broom (TW) in Japan were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA and restriction enzyme analysis of PCR products. The phytoplasmas could be separated into two groups, one containing strains JHW, GCW, ED, TY, and MY, and the other containing strains GW and TW, corresponding to two groups previously recognized on the basis of transmission by Macrosteles striifrons and Scleroracus flavopictus, respectively. The strains transmitted by M. striifrons were classified in 16S rRNA gene group 16SrI, which contains aster yellows and related phytoplasma strains. Strains GW and TW were classified in group 16SrIII, which contains phytoplasmas associated with peach X-disease, clover yellow edge, and related phytoplasmas. Digestion of amplified 16S rDNA with HpaII indicated that strains GW and TW were affiliated with subgroup 16SrIII-B, which contains clover yellow edge phytoplasma. All seven strains were distinguished from other phytoplasmas, including those associated with clover proliferation, ash yellows, elm yellows, and beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence in North America, and Malaysian periwinkle yellows and sweet potato witches'-broom in Asia.