gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron-Beam Written Multilevel Resist Process Applied To GaAs FET Gate Fabrication (1989)

Quarter-micron GaAs FET gate lithography is feasible with high throughput using a 0.25 micron electron beam system and a high sensitivity negative e-beam resist recently introduced by Shipley. The multilevel resist process described here has been used to fabricate microwave MODFETs with 280 mW/mm output power and 6 dB gain at 40 GHz, and microwave ICs with typical MESFET performance of 420 mW/mm output power and 6 dB gain at 18 GHz. Advantages of the described process are: 1) Good linewidth control with a 0.25 micron beam; 0.25 +/- 0.05 microns is routinely achieved based upon SEM photos and electrical measurements. 2) Only one evaporation step is required prior to gate metal deposition; a thin layer of evaporated gold eliminates charging during the e-beam writing and also serves as a plating base for a plated transfer layer. 3) The transfer layer is made of low stress plated nickel, which has very low dry etch rates in chlorine and fluorine based plasmas. This provides good linewidth control throughout gate processing. 4) The material used for the planarizing layer can be selected depending upon the application; PMGI, PMMA and cured novolac resist have been evaluated.
New generation plastic scintillators for fast neutron spectroscopy and Pulse Shape Discrimination (2013)

New generation of plastic scintillators have been developed at RMD for fast neutron detection technology. These plastics have peak emission wavelength ~ 440 nm, fast scintillation decay <; 10 ns, light output ~ 13,000 photons/MeV, and excellent Pulse Shape Discrimination (PSD) between gamma rays and neutrons. We have achieved a Figure-of-Merit (FOM) of 2.3 at 1.0 MeVee electron energy threshold for a 2 inch diameter right cylinder sample. At RMD, comparative measurements were made between the plastic scintillator and Eljen liquid scintillator EJ309 both 1 inch diameter × 1 inch length. RMD plastic showed competitive performance. Additionally, in an experiment performed at the University of Kentucky 7 MV Van De Graaff accelerator, RMD plastic scintillator was irradiated with mono-energetic fast neutron beam energies up to 20.8 MeV. The results from this experiment confirm fast neutron spectroscopy capabilities. These results and effects of different electronic systems on the PSD measurements are discussed in this paper.
EmVis—a visual e-mail analysis tool (1997)

Article Free Access Share on EmVis—a visual e-mail analysis tool Authors: Bjoern Heckel Department of Computer Science/Center for Image, Processing and Integrated Computing (CIPIC), University of California, Davis, Davis, CA Department of Computer Science/Center for Image, Processing and Integrated Computing (CIPIC), University of California, Davis, Davis, CAView Profile , Bernd Hamann Department of Computer Science/Center for Image, Processing and Integrated Computing (CIPIC), University of California, Davis, Davis, CA Department of Computer Science/Center for Image, Processing and Integrated Computing (CIPIC), University of California, Davis, Davis, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims NPIV '97: Proceedings of the 1997 workshop on New paradigms in information visualization and manipulationNovember 1997 Pages 36–38https://doi.org/10.1145/275519.275527Published:01 November 1997Publication History 5citation344DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations5Total Downloads344Last 12 Months5Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Genome Editing in Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cell Lines Using TALEN and Double-Nicking CRISPR/Cas9 (2015)

Mouse spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) can be cultured for multiplication and maintained for long periods while preserving their spermatogenic ability. Although the cultured SSCs, named germline stem (GS) cells, are targets of genome modification, this process remains technically difficult. In the present study, we tested TALEN and double-nicking CRISPR/Cas9 on GS cells, targeting Rosa26 and Stra8 loci as representative genes dispensable and indispensable in spermatogenesis, respectively. Harvested GS cell colonies showed a high targeting efficiency with both TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9. The Rosa26-targeted GS cells differentiated into fertility-competent sperm following transplantation. On the other hand, Stra8-targeted GS cells showed defective spermatogenesis following transplantation, confirming its prime role in the initiation of meiosis. TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9, when applied in GS cells, will be valuable tools in the study of spermatogenesis and for revealing the genetic mechanism of spermatogenic failure.
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL 1,3‐THIAZOLE SYNTHESIS VIA α‐METALATED ISOCYANIDES AND THIONO ESTERS (1977)

Abstract Aktivierte Isonitrile (I) reagieren mit Thionoestern (II) in Äthanol in Gegenwart von Natriumcyanid als Base zu Thiazolen (III).
Notched burley tobacco system performance. (1990)

Burley tobacco is a valuable crop that is still harvested manually. A system of harvesting and handling notched burley plants on wire-strung portable frames has shown potential to reduce labor requirements. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the performance of the system with a newly designed harvester. Specific objectives were to determine hanging rates of several two and three person hanging crews, leaf loss associated with each crew, the percentage of plants that had split-out or shallow notches and could not be hung, and the frame exchange time requirements during field operation and to compare curing of the tobacco on the wire-strung portable frames to tobacco cured conventionally. The results showed that the notched plant wire-strung portable frame system harvests 0.7 ha/day (1.7 ac/day) thus saving the burley tobacco producer up to 45% of the labor compared to the conventional system. Leaf loss can be held to the 5% level and the combined percentage of splitout and shallow notches can be held below 3%. Less skill and strength is required with the notched burley tobacco system than the conventional system. The three worker hanging crew functioned more smoothly than the two worker hanging crew but a slower tractor speed would correct the problem for the two worker crew. Tobacco harvested by the notched plant system was more susceptible to houseburn because of the higher density than tobacco harvested and cured conventionally. Tips of leaves near the concrete floor of the barn cured dark red because of the wet curing year.
ChemInform Abstract: The Diastereoselective and Enantioselective Substitution Reactions of an Isoindoline—Borane Complex. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Emergency Patients Visiting University Hospital (2011)

We place a doctor on duty 24 hours a day. Our hospital is in the third group of hospitals, which are the highest ranked emergency medical institutions, supplying emergency medical services ranging from the first to the third level. However, only a few third aid patients are conveyed to our hospital. We performed a clinical, statistical review of 2,737 cases referred to our department between January and December, 2007. Their age range was from 0 to 95 years (average age: 21 years) and the proportion of males to females was 1.25 to 1. Many patients were referred to or visited our department in December and January at the end and beginning of the year and in May at ‘Golden Week’ holidays. Half of the patients were children from 0 to 9 years (51.6%). Cases of acute otitis media decreased in summer, but these cases exhibited the highest prevalence almost throughout the year. Cases of epistaxis increased in winter and a foreign body increased in summer. The number of vertiginous patients had no change throughout the year. Cases of acute otitis media generally occurred in children, and cases of epistaxis were specifically diagnosed in the elderly. Inflammatory diseases such as tonsillitis and peritonsillar abscess developed predominantly in patients in their 20’s. Ninety percent of the patients having visited our department took medical advice from a nearby doctor or were discharged home. Those patients who were referred to our department on a continually consistent basis comprised 7.8% and those who were admitted in an emergency comprised only 3.1%. Their most frequent diagnoses were inflammatory diseases.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Transluminal Drainage for Peripancreatic Fluid Collections: Where Are We Now? (2014)

Endoscopic drainage for pancreatic and peripancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) has been increasingly used as a minimally invasive alternative to surgical or percutaneous drainage. Recently, endoscopic ultrasound-guided transluminal drainage (EUS-TD) has become the standard of care and a safe procedure for nonsurgical PFC treatment. EUS-TD ensures a safe puncture, avoiding intervening blood vessels. Single or multiple plastic stents (combined with a nasocystic catheter) were used for the treatment of PFCs for EUS-TD. More recently, the use of covered self-expandable metallic stents (CSEMSs) has provided a safer and more efficient approach route for internal drainage. We focused our review on the best approach and stent to use in endoscopic drainage for PFCs. We reviewed studies of EUS-TD for PFCs based on the original Atlanta Classification, including case reports, case series, and previous review articles. Data on clinical outcomes and adverse events were collected retrospectively. A total of 93 patients underwent EUS-TD of pancreatic pseudocysts using CSEMSs. The treatment success and adverse event rates were 94.6% and 21.1%, respectively. The majority of complications were of mild severity and resolved with conservative therapy. A total of 56 patients underwent EUS-TD using CSEMSs for pancreatic abscesses or infected walled-off necroses. The treatment success and adverse event rates were 87.8% and 9.5%, respectively. EUS-TD can be performed safely and efficiently for PFC treatment. Larger diameter CSEMSs without additional fistula tract dilation for the passage of a standard scope are needed to access and drain for PFCs with solid debris.
Anomalous Thermal Expansion of fcc Ferrous Alloys in the Paramagnetic Temperature Range / Anomale thermische Ausdehnung kubisch-flächenzentrierter Eisenlegierungen im paramagnetischen Temperaturbereich (1977)

Article Anomalous Thermal Expansion of fcc Ferrous Alloys in the Paramagnetic Temperature Range / Anomale thermische Ausdehnung kubisch-flächenzentrierter Eisenlegierungen im paramagnetischen Temperaturbereich was published on February 1, 1977 in the journal International Journal of Materials Research (volume 68, issue 2).
Seasonal and Diel Variability in Dissolved DNA and in Microbial Biomass and Activity in a Subtropical Estuary (1988)

Dissolved DNA and microbial biomass and activity parameters were measured over a 15-month period at three stations along a salinity gradient in Tampa Bay, Fla. Dissolved DNA showed seasonal variation, with minimal values in December and January and maximal values in summer months (July and August). This pattern of seasonal variation followed that of particulate DNA and water temperature and did not correlate with bacterioplankton (direct counts and [H]thymidine incorporation) or phytoplankton (chlorophyll a and CO(2) fixation) biomass and activity. Microautotrophic populations showed maxima in the spring and fall, whereas microheterotrophic activity was greatest in late summer (September). Both autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial activity was greatest at the high estuarine (low salinity) station and lowest at the mouth of the bay (high salinity station), irrespective of season. Dissolved DNA carbon and phosphorus constituted 0.11 +/- 0.05% of the dissolved organic carbon and 6.6 +/- 6.5% of the dissolved organic phosphorus, respectively. Strong diel periodicity was noted in dissolved DNA and in microbial activity in Bayboro Harbor during the dry season. A noon maximum in primary productivity was followed by an 8 p.m. maximum in heterotrophic activity and a midnight maximum in dissolved DNA. This diel periodicity was less pronounced in the wet season, when microbial parameters were strongly influenced by episodic inputs of freshwater. These results suggest that seasonal and diel production of dissolved DNA is driven by primary production, either through direct DNA release by phytoplankton, or more likely, through growth of bacterioplankton on phytoplankton exudates, followed by excretion and lysis.
Energetics and mechanics of humans running on surfaces of different compliance (1999)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1999.
Alfalfa Insect Control in Minnesota, 1986 (1987)

Abstract The study was conducted at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN, on 1st regrowth 3rd year alfalfa. Treatments were 26 × 52 ft and replicated 3 times in a randomized design. Spray treatments were applied 21 May with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer at 37.5 gal water/acre at 200 psi. Insects were sampled 7 and 14 days posttreatment by taking 20 sweeps per plot with a 15 inch dia sweep net. All pyrethroids were highly effective.
Multilevel optimization with local mass minimization (2007)

In this study, we propose a new multilevel optimisation process which responds to these requirements. The original optimization problem is decomposed into a system level and several element levels, aiming at the minimization of element weight under inequality constraints. Bounds of these constraints are given by the system level optimisation. In order to speed up the process and avoid local minima–which is met in most multilevel optimisation schemes- we replace the system constraints by a surrogate model. Last, a penalty term added in the "element level" objective allows us to force the equality of some design variables among all elements. The surrogate is incrementally built along system/element level loops from local optimisation results. For this reason, we choose to use Support Vector Regression methodology, which is more suitable to incremental training and data compression than more classical non-linear regression schemes such as neural networks are. The proposed multilevel strategy is tested on the classical ten bar truss problem; the benchmark structure is subject to several load cases and its weight is minimized under both mechanical and geometrical (equality in detailed variables) constraints. \nWe obtain good results in terms of objective value, convergence time and detailed variables continuity. The implementation of our scheme on a full-size industrial problem: dimensioning of stiffened panels of a fuselage is under development.
Preface (2000)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
The Role of Mucosal Immunity in Prevention of HIV Transmission (2003)

Vaccines designed to prevent mucosal transmission of HIV should establish multiple immune effectors in vaccine recipients, including antibodies which are capable of blocking HIV entry at mucosal epithelial barriers and of preventing initial infection of target cells in the mucosa. Immunological analyses of HIV-resistant humans and data obtained in nonhuman primate vaccine studies indicate that both secretory and serum antibodies may play an important role in protection against mucosal transmission of HIV or SIV, whereas cytotoxic T cells are required for clearance of mucosal infection and prevention of systemic spread. This review summarizes the roles of IgA and IgG antibodies in preventing mucosal infection by other viral and bacterial pathogens, and then discusses the various mechanisms by which antibodies might contribute to protection against HIV at mucosal surfaces. These include prevention of mucosal contact, blocking attachment of virus or infected cells to epithelial cells, interception of virus during transepithelial transport, neutralization of virus in the mucosa, and elimination of locally infected cells through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic reactions. The regional nature of mucosal immune responses is reviewed in light of its relevance to HIV vaccine development. We conclude that mucosal immunization should be considered a component of vaccine strategies against HIV.
Numerical integration of differential equations in the presence of first integrals: observer method (1994)

We introduce a simple and powerful procedure-the observer method-in order to obtain a reliable method of numerical integration over an arbitrary long interval of time for systems of ordinary differential equations having first integrals. This aim is achie
ChemInform Abstract: Near Absolute Regio‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselectivity in a Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkylation Using an Uncommon Chiral Auxiliary. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Le recrutement et l’activation d’adipocytes bruns et/ou BRITE (2013)

In mammals, typically two types of adipose tissues are described: the white and the brown adipose tissue (WAT and BAT respectively). Whereas WAT represents the main energy storage in the organism, BAT dissipates energy as heat through the expression of the uncoupling protein UCP1 (uncoupling protein-1) that uncouples the functioning of the respiratory chain from ATP synthase. While both white and brown adipocytes have been considered for a long time as two very close cellular types sharing a common precursor, recent data challenge these conclusions and propose the existence of a new possible type of adipocyte, the BRITE (brown-in-white) adipocyte. In parallel, the recent discovery of significant amounts of BAT in human adults has renewed the interest of the scientific community for this tissue. Given its considerable capacity to dissipate substrates, BAT appears again as a therapeutic target against metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. This review's objective is to discuss recent literature and to highlight elements to be clarified.
<b>Stereospecific and Stereoconvergent Rearrangement, Solvolysis and Elimination Reactions Involving Ethylenimonium Ketone Intermediates</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereospecific and Stereoconvergent Rearrangement, Solvolysis and Elimination Reactions Involving Ethylenimonium Ketone IntermediatesPhilip L. Southwick, Allan K. Colter, Richard J. Owellen, and Yoon-Chai. LeeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 22, 4299–4306Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00881a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00881a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
First EC-JRC PAHs inter-laboratory comparison on PM10 quartz filters (2012)

This report presents the results of the first intercomparison for PAHs analysed on quartz filters carried out by the JRC between April and December 2010. Seventeen national reference laboratories participated in this exercise. \nFour different filters representing winter and summer periods in two different locations (Madrid and Prague) and two blanks were tested during the exercise. 15 PAHs were considered for analysis from phenanthrene to Benzo[g,h,i]perylene, including benzo-a-pyrene. \n\nIn general, the results of the exercise showed median overall uncertainties ranging from 10 to 90 %, depending on the compound and the analysed concentration. Median Benzo-(a)-Pyrene overall uncertainty ranged between 30 and 50 %, increasing with the decrease of the concentration. The exercise demonstrates the validity of the current methodology for organising PAHs intercomparison exercises in PM10 filters. Laboratories exhibited better performance in the analysis of those compounds where reference material was found in the market. The need for implementing a consistent traceability system for measurements is deduced from the systematic biases associated to laboratory behaviour.
An improved 4-step commutation method application for matrix converter (2014)

A novel four-step commutation method is proposed for matrix converter cell, 3 phase inputs to 1 phase output in this paper, which is obtained on the analysis of published commutation methods for matrix converter. The first and fourth step can be shorter than the second or third one. The discussed method here is implemented by programming in VHDL language. Finally, the novel method in this paper is verified by experiments.