gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Pro-life Advocate Responds: Seize the Offensive (1990)

Melodie Schlenker Gage, RN, BSN, is assistant director of education for Americans United for Life and a candidate for an MA in communications from the Wheaton College Graduate School. Previously, she worked as a hospital staff nurse for six years.
A Study of the Temperature Characteristics of Vibration Mode Axes for Vibratory Cylinder Gyroscopes (2011)

The zero bias stability, which is an important performance parameter for vibratory cylinder gyroscopes, is high sensitive to temperature change. It is considered that the varying temperature makes the vibration mode axes unstable, which has significant influence on the zero bias stability. This paper will investigate this problem in detail. First, the relationships between the angular positions of vibration mode axes and the zero bias are analyzed. Secondly, the thermal-modal model of the cylinder resonator with several defects such as mass imbalance, frequency split (FS), and geometry errors are developed by ANSYS. Simulation results show that with the increase of temperature, angular positions of the vibration mode axes obviously change, which leads to a dramatic zero bias drift. Finally, several major influence factors on the angular position stability of vibration mode axes, including frequency split, geometry errors, thermal elastic modulus coefficient (TEMC) and thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) are analyzed in detail. Simulation results in this paper will be helpful for deep understanding of the drift principle of zero bias induced by temperature for vibratory cylinder gyroscopes and also be helpful for further temperature compensation or control.
Lamellar structure of POM spherulites imaged by a two-stage RuO4 staining technique (1996)

Ruthenium tetroxide solution was prepared in situ by oxidation of ruthenium compounds at lower oxidation states with an excess of sodium periodate. The solution was able to stain saturated polymer POM in the vapor phase and it remained effective for up to 2 weeks. The melting behavior of POM samples stained for different lengths of time was studied with DSC and the staining process was analyzed. The results indicated that ruthenium tetroxide affected both the amorphous region and the crystals. During the early stage of the staining process, the tetroxide reacted preferentially with the amorphous material near the specimen surface. Much of this affected material was washed away after the rinsing process, thus resulting in an apparent increase in crystallinity. Prolonged staining would cause more crystals to degrade; hence, the crystallinity would drop. A two-step vapor staining technique was developed to improve the contrast between the amorphous and crystalline regions of ultrathin POM sections. The lamellar structure of POM spherulites was revealed and examined under TEM. The results showed that POM spherulites possess a category 2 structure and the thickness of the lamellae is about 7 nm. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Time-assignment speech interpolation in time-compression-multiplex transmission (1964)

In time-compression multiplex (t.c.m.) transmission, the signals of the channels are scanned and the samples are stored before being transmitted at high speed. In this way, the signals of a large number of channels can be sent over a single transmission path. The number of telephone channels that can be transmitted can be at least doubled by the process called time-assignment speech interpolation (t.a.s.i.). This exploits the fact that, on average, each channel in a multiplex telephone system is transmitting speech for less than half the time.The addition of t.a.s.i. facilities to a t.c.m. system is relatively simple because the main t.a.s.i. requirement (switching of all speech signals) already exists as an inherent part of any t.c.m. system. Furthermore, the extra information which has to be transmitted (the channel identification information) can be incorporated in the standard t.c.m. signal with very little change in the bandwidth requirements.The simplest t.a.s.i. systems favour the lower-numbered channels, so that, in the event of more channels being active than there are transmission slots available, the same higher-numbered channels are always ‘frozen out’. In order to overcome this difficulty, a queue-control system is necessary. It can be made to balance the overload conditions such that the queuing channels always accept the back of the queue in time rotation. A queue controller for a t.c.m.-t.a.s.i. system consists of a logical array of conventional binary stores, gates and shift registers.
Instantaneous phase-angle estimation algorithm under unbalanced voltage-sag conditions (2000)

If a negative sequence is generated by voltage sag and/or unbalance, it appears as an oscillating error in a synchronous reference frame (SRF). In power conditioning equipment, the exact value of a positive sequence is needed to achieve the unity power factor and constant output voltage, whereas the exact value of a negative sequence is needed for unbalance compensation. To measure the positive sequence separately from the negative sequence, a low pass or notch filter having a narrow bandwidth is normally used. However, such a filter causes a lot of phase delay, thus the response time of the system tends to be lengthened. A method of estimating the positive- and the negative-sequence voltages separately is presented, without a significant delay, by utilising the weighted least-squares estimation (WLSE) method with the covariance resetting technique. A frequency update law is also proposed to accommodate the frequency varying environments. The authors demonstrate through simulation and experiment the superior performance of the proposed scheme in measuring the positive- and the negative-sequence voltages at the time of abrupt transition. This method can be applied to uninterruptable power supplies (UPS), pulsewidth modulation (PWM) AC/DC converters, active filters, AC voltage compensators etc.
Comparative cost-efficiency of the EVOTECH endoscope cleaner and reprocessor versus manual cleaning plus automated endoscope reprocessing in a real-world Canadian hospital endoscopy setting (2011)

The EVOTECH ECR was more efficient and less costly to use for the reprocessing of endoscopes than manual cleaning followed by AER disinfection. Although the cost of consumable supplies required to reprocess endoscopes with EVOTECH ECR was slightly higher, the value of the labour time saved with EVOTECH ECR more than offset the additional consumables cost. The increased efficiency with EVOTECH ECR could lead to even further cost-savings by shifting endoscopy laboratory personnel responsibilities but further study is required.
[Circadian rhythm of pregnancy contractions]. (1993)

Continuous measurement of normal contractions in 57 primiparae and multiparae showed a minimum in the mornings and a marked peaking of frequency between 8:30 PM and 2:00 AM. This could be due to a periodic fluctuation in the parameters influencing uterine motility. At night, motility-enhancing factors such as estrogens and prostaglandins predominate. These results suggest that in cases at high risk for premature delivery, with high pelvic scores, therapy should be continued at night. In addition, the time when the contractions were recorded should be taken into account when assessing their frequency, and the measurement repeated if necessary.
Effects of a hybrid micro/nanorod topography-modified titanium implant on adhesion and osteogenic differentiation in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (2013)

This study suggests that a hybrid micro/nanorod topography on a titanium surface fabricated by treatment with hydrogen peroxide followed by acid etching might facilitate osseointegration of a titanium implant in vivo.
Colloid and nanodimensional catalysts in organic synthesis: II. The hydrogenation of alkenes with hydrogen at atmospheric pressure (2014)

Colloid particles of metals of varying valence are found to be relatively cheap and easily prepared catalyst permitting the the hydrogenation under mild conditions. Procedure of reduction of unsaturated compounds with gaseous hydrogen at atmospheric pressure and low temperaturehas been developed. Colloid solutions of metals from the series iron, nickel, cobalt, chromium, manganese or their mixtures were prepared in situ directly in the reaction mixture. Selective the hydrogenation of multiple carbon-carbon bonds without the reduction of a series of functional groups was observed.
Vortex ring formation at the open end of a shock tube: A particle image velocimetry study (2004)

The vortex ring generated subsequent to the diffraction of a shock wave from the open end of a shock tube is studied using particle image velocimetry. We examine the early evolution of the compressible vortex ring for three-exit shock Mach numbers, 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3. For the three cases studied, the ring formation is complete at about tUb/D=2, where t is time, Ub is fluid velocity behind shock as it exits the tube and D is tube diameter. Unlike in the case of piston generated incompressible vortex rings where the piston velocity variation with time is usually trapezoidal, in the shock-generated vortex ring case the exit fluid velocity doubles from its initial value Ub before it slowly decays to zero. At the end of the ring formation, its translation speed is observed to be about 0.7 Ub. During initial formation and propagation, a jet-like flow exists behind the vortex ring. The vortex ring detachment from the tailing jet, commonly referred to as pinch-off, is briefly discussed.
Adaptive adjustment of the search window for block-matching algorithm with variable block size (1998)

The motion estimation and compensation technique is widely used for video coding applications but it is hard to implement the real-time video codec due to its enormous computations. An adaptive adjustment of the search window for the block-matching algorithm (BMA) with a variable block size is presented to reduce the computational complexity of full search BMA (FSBMA). The size of the search window is adjusted by using the block similarity and the displaced block difference (DBD). Experiments with test video sequences show that the presented scheme has good MSE performance and less complexity compared with FSBMA and other previous works.
Polyurethane Networks from Fatty-Acid-Based Aromatic Triols:  Synthesis and Characterization (2007)

Novel biobased aromatic triols (1,3,5-(9-hydroxynonyl)benzene and 1,3,5-(8-hydroxyoctyl)-2,4,6-octylbenzene) were synthesized through the transition-metal-catalyzed cyclotrimerization of two alkyne fatty acid methyl esters (methyl 10-undecynoate and methyl 9-octadecynoate) followed by the reduction of the ester groups to give terminal primary hydroxyl groups. A series of biobased segmented polyurethanes based on these triols, 1,4-butanediol as a chain extender and 4,4‘-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) as a coupling agent, were synthesized. Samples were prepared with hard-segment contents up to 50%. The morphologies and thermal properties of these polyurethanes were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Partial crystallinity and phase separation were detected in samples with hard-segment content of 50%.
Data and Data Management: The Ethics of Data (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Stewardship of data Judge yourself Judge yourself Judge yourself The land of in-between: ethics of data presented at professional meetings Judge yourself Future of data management Judge yourself redux Judge yourself redux Judge yourself redux Judge yourself redux Summary
Co‐operation: the triumph of hope over experience? (1997)

Library co‐operation has always been assumed to be a good thing, but much thinking has focused on the means of co‐operation rather than on the ends that co‐operation is intended to serve, neglecting to fully explore other means of attaining those ends. Co‐operative schemes have rarely been subjected to rigorous cost‐effectiveness analysis; most have been national or sub‐national rather than international; and some areas where co‐operation could be useful have received little attention. Co‐operation on a goodwill basis is already giving way to commercial arrangements between libraries as well as with private suppliers. The growth in the number of private providers of various services, together with the ability of information technology to transcend geographical boundaries, are among factors that make a radical reappraisal of co‐operation desirable.
Chemical vapor deposition tungsten via plug process development with polyimide interlevel dielectric in a multilevel metal system (1992)

Both blanket and selective chemical vapor deposition (CVD) W via plug processes have been evaluated in a multilevel metallization system using a low (≤3.0) dielectric constant fluorinated polyimide as the interlevel dielectric (ILD) material. In the blanket CVD W deposition and etchback process, the sputter deposition conditions for the Ti–W ‘‘glue’’ layer prior to the CVD W deposition were found crucial to the success of the process. An in situ high temperature sputter etch and prebake eliminated a metal–polyimide ‘‘bubbling’’ problem. A Ti–W film with moderately tensile stress is required to prevent polyimide from ‘‘wrinkling’’ and ‘‘cracking’’ during the subsequent CVD W deposition step. In the selective W process, excellent selectivity resulted with polyimide ILD compared to silicon dioxide; however, tungsten growth ‘‘inhibition’’ on Ti–W or W metal in the polyimide via was experienced and was difficult to overcome.
Fluid impact forces on cylinders in harmonic flow (1977)

The evolution of forces acting on horizontal cylinders subjected to impact by an harmonically oscillating free surface has been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The experiments were carried out in a large U-shaped water tunnel, with cylinder diameters ranging from 3.0 to 6.5 inches. The results have been expressed in terms of two force coefficients. The first is the slamming coefficient which expresses the normalized force acting on the cylinder at the time of impact; and the second is the maximum drag coefficient which occurs when the cylinder is immersed approximately 1.75 diameters in water. The slamming coefficient was found to be equal to pi, as predicted theoretically. It was also found that the slamming coefficient may be amplified to a value as high as 2 pi through the dynamic response of the cylinder. The maximum of the normalized force in the drag dominated region was found to be approximately equal to 2.0. It decreased with increasing Froude numbers to a value of about unity. It is recommended that further experiments be conducted with sand-roughened cylinders and the dependence of the rate of rise of the impact force on the flow parameters be investigated. (Author)
A review of the use of somatostatin analogs in oncology (2013)

Somatostatin is a neuropeptide produced by paracrine cells that are located throughout the gastrointestinal tract, lung, and pancreas, and is also found in various locations of the nervous system. It exerts neural control over many physiological functions including inhibition of gastrointestinal endocrine secretion through its receptors. Potent and biologically stable analogs of somatostatin have been developed. These somatostatin analogs show different efficacy on different receptors, and receptors are varyingly concentrated in specific tissues. Antitumor and antisecretory effects of somatostatin analogs in cancer have been shown in several in vivo and in vitro studies. However, these activities have not always yielded into clinically relevant patient outcome benefit. Somatostatin analogs are of clinical benefit in treating symptoms of ectopic hormone secretion (adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone) in lung cancer, without inducing a significant tumor response. They have also been shown to induce a statistically significant decrease in bone pain and increase in Karnofsky performance status in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Somatostatin analogs alone or in combination with other agents have only limited antitumoral effect in breast cancer. In gastrointestinal cancers, studies have not shown an objective tumor response to somatostatin analogs except in endocrine tumors of the liver with symptomatic and biochemical improvement. In neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal system and pancreas, very high symptomatic and biochemical response rates have been achieved with somatostatin analogs. Antiproliferative activity has been clearly shown in metastatic midgut neuroendocrine tumors.
Adhesion and Electrical Performance by Plasma Treatment of Semiconductive Silicone Rubber (2005)

In this paper, the effect of adhesion properties of semiconductive-insulating interface layer of silicone rubber on electrical properties was investigated. The modifications produced on the silicone surface by oxygen plasma were accessed using ATR-FTIR, contact angle and Surface Roughness Tester. Adhesion was obtained from T-peel tests of semiconductive layer haying different treatment durations. In addition, ac breakdown test was carried out for elucidating the change of electrical property with duration of plasma treatment. From the results, the treatment in the oxygen plasma produced a noticeable increase in surface energy, which can be mainly ascribed to the creation of O-H and C=O. It is observed that adhesion performance was determined by surface energy and roughness level of silicone surface. It is found that at dielectric strength was increased with improving the adhesion between the semiconductive and insulating interface.
Über Thiophosphorsäure‐pyrididiumbetaine (1968)

Abstract Die Reaktion von Phosphor(V)‐sulfid mit überschüssigem Pyridin führt zum Pentathiodiphosphorsäure‐P, P'‐bis(pyrididiumbetain), [2 Py · P 2 S 5 ], das in pyridinischer Lösung mit Phosphoroxidchlorid zum Monothiophosphorsäurechlorid‐pyrididiumbetain, [Py · POSCl], und mit Phosphorsulfidchlorid zum Dithiophosphorsäurechlorid‐pyrididiumbetain [Py · PS 2 Cl], reagiert. Bei der in Gegenwart von Pyridin durchgeführten Reorganisationsreaktion zwischen P 4 S 10 und POCl 3 , die zu kondensierten Thio‐oxo‐phosphorylchloriden führt, treten [2 Py · P 2 S 5 ] und [Py · POSCl] offenbar als reaktionsfähige Zwischenprodukte auf.
Semantically Assisted Loop Closure in SLAM Using NDT Histograms (2019)

Precise knowledge of pose is of great importance for reliable operation of mobile robots in outdoor environments. Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is the online construction of a map during exploration of an environment. One of the components of SLAM is loop closure detection, identifying that the same location has been visited and is present on the existing map, and localizing against it. We have shown in previous work that using semantics from a deep segmentation network in conjunction with the Normal Distributions Transform (NDT) point cloud registration improves the robustness, speed and accuracy of lidar odometry. In this work we extend the method for loop closure detection, using the labels already available from local registration into NDT Histograms, and we present a SLAM pipeline based on Semantic assisted NDT and PointNet ++. We experimentally demonstrate on sequences from the KITTI benchmark that the map descriptor we propose outperforms NDT Histograms without semantics, and we validate its use on a SLAM task.
Severe community‐acquired <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> pneumonia: An emerging highly lethal infectious disease in the Asia–Pacific (2009)

Community-acquired AB pneumonia have a fulminant course. In a region endemic for melioidosis and severe community-acquired Klebsiella pneumoniae, the challenge lies in rapid identification and initiation of appropriate empirical antibiotics to improve the survival of patients with AB CAP.
The José Rizal Centennial (1962)

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Breeding Rice for Drought-Prone Environments (2003)

A large portion of the world’s poor farm in rainfed systems where the water supply is unpredictable and droughts are common. In Asia, about 50% of all the rice land is rainfed and, although rice yields in irrigated systems have doubled and tripled over the past 30 years, only modest gains have occurred in rainfed rice systems. In part, this is because of the difficulty in improving rice varieties for environments that are heterogeneous and variable, and in part because there has been little effort to breed rice for drought tolerance. Information available for other cereals (for example, maize, Banziger et al 2000) and for wheat and the limited or circumstantial evidence available for rice indicate that we can now breed varieties that have improved yield under drought and produce high yields in the good seasons. This manual aims to help plant breeders develop such varieties. While the manual focuses on drought tolerance, this must be integrated with the mainstream breeding program that also deals with agronomic adaptation, grain quality, and pest and disease resistance. Mackill et al (1996) have written a guide to the overall improvement of rice for rainfed conditions. This manual should be seen as an amplification of and updating of the section on drought tolerance in that book. Because final proof of many approaches for breeding drought-tolerant rice is not yet available, and because some aspects may not work in all environments and germplasm, we recommend that you use this manual with caution. Test the suggested approaches and only implement them on a large scale if they are effective and realistic for your own situation
Fundamental study related to the development of modular solar panel for improved durability and repairability (2021)

Abstract Solar panels around the globe are primarily designed as a plug‐and‐play solution and the end users are not allowed to repair the panel in case of damage. Natural loadings such wind, snow, sand and hail can lead to irreparable damage to the solar panels and the easiest solution to fix the damaged solar panel is to replace it. This design philosophy leads to a huge quantity of electronic waste as it completely ignores the repairability of the solar panels. In this regard, the presented research work details the development and testing of modular solar panel with performance similar to the traditional design. The modular design was tested for power transfer, re‐connection upon impact and the ability to replace the selected parts in case of permanent damage without the need of replacing the entire solar panel. This experimental research work delivers a modular solar panel design that has ease of repairability in case of damage. Furthermore, a detailed economic analysis has been provided for several real‐world scenarios that indicate its suitability over existing commercially available solutions.