gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interstitial Hyperthermia Treatment Using Nd:YAG Laser (1989)

Treatment of tumors with hyperthermia with other agents can be effective under certain circumstances. However, often it is impossible to adequately treat tumors because of the difficulties in delivering uniform thermal doses throughout the entire tumor volume. This difficulty may be caused by many different factors including perfusion differences between tumor and normal tissue and differences in thermal properties between these tissues. With interstitial techniques however, some of these difficulties can be overcome. We have developed an interstitial laser system for delivery of heat to tissue. The system utilizes the output of an Nd:YAG laser directed into a fiberoptic probe which can be inserted into a tumor. Sapphire contact tips are used to deliver laser energy into the tissue. A series of animals were heated with a single probe. Temperature measured by small implanted thermocouples was controlled via a feedback circuit to a constant value over this interval. The control system was able to maintain temperature to within 0.3°C. This pilot study showed that this technique was suitable for interstitial hyperthermia. Continued work into the characterization of thermal profiles in tissue resulting from laser treatment must be performed. Ultimately, light from the interstitial probes will be used in combination with specific photosensitizers for delivery of photodynamic therapy in conjunction with hyperthermia.
A Mechanism for the Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective Silaboration of Allene: A Theoretical Study (2008)

A mechanism for the regioselective silaboration of terminal allene by a palladium catalyst has been studied theoretically. The overall reaction scheme has been examined in particular to determine the mechanism of the regioselectivity. The present catalytic reaction is exothermic and the rate-determining step is the insertion of allene into the Pd−B bond of the Pd complex. σ-Allylic and π-allylic complexes exist as intermediates and play an important role in the regioselectivity. Selective insertion of the unsubstituted C═C bond into the Pd−B bond produces the most stable σ-allylic complex, which converts to the π-allylic complex while maintaining the Pd−O coordination. The selective formation of the specific σ-allylic complex and the large activation barrier between two isomeric π-allylic complexes dominantly determines the regioselectivity of the present reaction. The major-product complex is less stable than the minor-product complex, and therefore kinetic control is predominant in the present reaction.
Localization of interferons and interleukin 2 in polymyositis and muscular dystrophy. (1986)

Muscle biopsies from nine patients with polymyositis, six with muscular dystrophy, six with other muscle diseases and three controls have been studied with a panel of 10 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) identifying T lymphocytes, HLA-class I antigens, alpha, beta and gamma interferons and interleukin 2 (IL-2). The result confirm that the staining of the sarcolemma with anti-HLA class I antibody is weak or negative, except in areas adjacent to infiltrating leucocytes or where muscle fibre damage is evident. The very similar tissue distribution of alpha, beta and gamma interferons in the polymyositis biopsies supports the hypothesis that interferons are released by the inflammatory infiltrate and induce the class I antigen expression. In contrast, little interferon was demonstrated in the dystrophic muscle implying that class I expression in these disorders must occur by a different mechanism. Little IL-2 was demonstrated in any of the biopsies though some unexplained small dense accumulations were identified by one of the anti IL-2 MoAb.
Production of Hydrogen from Ethanol: Review of Reaction Mechanism and Catalyst Deactivation (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTProduction of Hydrogen from Ethanol: Review of Reaction Mechanism and Catalyst DeactivationLisiane V. Mattos†, Gary Jacobs‡, Burtron H. Davis‡, and Fábio B. Noronha*§View Author Information† Departamento de Engenharia Química e de Petróleo, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Rua Passo da Pátria, 156-CEP 24210-240, Niterói, RJ, Brazil‡ Center for Applied Energy Research, The University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States § Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia−INT, Av. Venezuela 82, CEP 20081-312, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil*E-mail: [email protected]. Tel.: (55 21) 2123 1177. Fax: (55 21) 2123 1166.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 7, 4094–4123Publication Date (Web):May 23, 2012Publication History Received6 January 2011Published online23 May 2012Published inissue 11 July 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr2000114https://doi.org/10.1021/cr2000114review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views13844Altmetric-Citations638LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Catalysts,Ethanol,Metals,Organic reactions Get e-Alerts
Fission Product Aerosol Removal Tests by Low Flow Rate Containment Spray (2000)

Fission product (FP) removal tests by containment spray, simulating accident management (AM) condition, were carried out. Tests were conducted by using almost full-height simulation test facility with a scaling ratio of 1/720 in volume. A system integral tests simulating both BWR low pressure vessel failure sequence and PWR LOCA sequence were successfully accomplished during about 10 hours. After spray initiation, aerosol concentration decreased rapidly in the entire region of drywell.
Efficient Nonlinear Frequency Conversion in an All-Resonant Double-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">Λ</mml:mi></mml:math>System (2000)

We demonstrate efficient, pulsed, gas-phase, nonlinear frequency conversion in a quadruply resonant, double- Lambda system and, simultaneously, verify theoretical predictions of Rabi-frequency matching unique to absorbing nonlinear media. This system is used to up-convert ultraviolet light at 233 nm to the vacuum ultraviolet at 186 nm in atomic Pb vapor with small-signal conversion efficiencies exceeding 30% and with modest atomic density-length (NL) products (scale 10(14) cm(-2)) and optical power densities (10-100 kW/cm(2)).
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Conditions for Cyclization of β‐Triketides to the Corresponding γ‐Pyrones Carrying Adjacent Chiral Centers Toward Biomimetic Synthesis of Fully Substituted γ‐Pyrone‐Containing Natural Products. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A pilot prospective study of sleep patterns and DNA methylation-characterized epigenetic aging in young adults (2019)

Epigenetic vs. chronological age differences averaged 2.07 at Time 1 and 1.21 at Time 2. Sleep duration was computed as average daily total sleep time and sleep regularity was indexed using the Sleep Regularity Index. Participants with longer and more regular sleep showed reduced age difference: mean = - 2.48 [95% CI - 6.11; 1.15]; those with shorter and more irregular sleep showed an increased age difference: 3.03 [0.02; 6.03]; and those with either shorter or more irregular sleep averaged no significant change: - 0.49 [- 3.55; 2.56]. These pilot data suggest that short and irregular sleep, even in a young healthy sample, may be associated with accelerated epigenetic aging.
Highly <i>cis</i>-Selective Cyclopropanations with Ethyl Diazoacetate Using a Novel Rh(I) Catalyst with a Chelating N-Heterocyclic Iminocarbene Ligand (2008)

A structurally characterized Rh(I) iminocarbene complex (N,C)Rh(CO)Cl is activated with AgOTf to act as a highly cis-selective catalyst for the cyclopropanation of substituted styrenes and other alkenes with ethyl diazoacetate (11 examples, 10-99% yield, up to >99% cis-selectivity).
Foveated Image and Video Coding (2017)

This chapter introduces the background of the foveation feature of the human visual system that motivates the research effort of foveated image processing. It reviews various foveation techniques that have been used to construct image and video coding systems. The chapter provides a specific example of such systems, which deliver rate scalable codestreams ordered according to foveation-based perceptual importance, and has a wide range of potential applications, such as video communications over heterogeneous, time-varying, multiuser and interactive networks. It discusses a continuously rate-scalable foveated image and video coding system that has a number of good features in favor of network visual communications. The foveation approaches proposed in the literature may be roughly classified into three categories: geometric method, filtering-based method, and multiresolution method. The general idea of the geometric methods is to make use of the foveated retinal sampling geometry.
Painful interactions: Microbial compounds and visceral pain (2019)

Visceral pain, characterized by abdominal discomfort, originates from organs in the abdominal cavity and is a characteristic symptom in patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome, vulvodynia or interstitial cystitis. Most organs in which visceral pain originates are in contact with the external milieu and continuously exposed to microbes. In order to maintain homeostasis and prevent infections, the immune- and nervous system in these organs cooperate to sense and eliminate (harmful) microbes. Recognition of microbial components or products by receptors expressed on cells from the immune and nervous system can activate immune responses but may also cause pain. We review the microbial compounds and their receptors that could be involved in visceral pain development.
Overload prevention and loss minimization in managed distribution networks (2000)

We present the concept of a "managed distribution network," in which current flowing between a power distribution network and its supplies and loads is divided into "discretionary" and "nondiscretionary" components. The discretionary component is placed under the control of an energy management system, which communicates its requirements as current setpoints. The nondiscretionary component is determined by the external circuit itself, but is subject to authorization from the control system to ensure that demand never exceeds the available discretionary capacity. We develop a theoretical framework for the analysis of managed distribution networks, and its application to the problems of cable loss minimization and the anticipation and prevention of cable overloads.
Improved coronary MR angiography using wideband steady state free precession at 3 tesla with sub‐millimeter resolution (2010)

Wideband SSFP was found to be a promising approach for obtaining noncontrast, high-resolution coronary artery images at 3 Tesla with reliable image quality.
Using phage Lytic Enzymes to Control Pathogenic Bacteria (2006)

Our laboratory has developed phage lytic enzymes to prevent infection by specifically destroying disease bacteria on mucous membranes and in blood. Enzymes specific for S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes have been developed to be used nasally and orally to control these organisms in environments such as hospitals and nursing homes to prevent or markedly reduce serious infections by these pathogens. In addition, a B. anthracis-specific enzyme was developed to kill the vegetative forms of these bacteria in the blood of infected individuals. In animal studies, >80% of mice colonized mucosally or infected intravenously with pathogenic bacteria were decolonized or survived after a single enzyme treatment delivered to the same site of colonization or infection.
Advances in Design Optimization (1988)

This book summarizes advances in a number of fundamental areas of optimization with application in engineering design. The selection of the 'best' or 'optimum' design has long been a major concern of designers and in recent years interest has grown in applying mathematical optimization techniques to design of large engineering and industrial system
Qualitative features of discrete-time system responses (2002)

Despite the digital revolution, very little work has been reported on the qualitative response features of linear, discrete-time systems. This paper considers systems having a rational transfer function which is strictly proper, has real coefficients, and satisfies a basic and natural condition concerning the dominant response mode. For this class, a fundamental theorem on initial overshoot is established. The definition of initial undershoot is extended beyond that which is usually discussed in the literature, and is able to include responses which grow without bound and which decay geometrically to zero. With regard to unit step responses, new results are presented for final overshoot. Lower bounds are proved for undershooting characteristics, insofar as they relate to real zeros, and sufficient conditions are given for these bounds to be achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Argonne Bubble Experiment Thermal Model Development II (2016)

This report describes the continuation of the work reported in “Argonne Bubble Experiment Thermal Model Development”. The experiment was performed at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) in 2014. A rastered 35 MeV electron beam deposited power in a solution of uranyl sulfate, generating heat and radiolytic gas bubbles. Irradiations were performed at three beam power levels, 6, 12 and 15 kW. Solution temperatures were measured by thermocouples, and gas bubble behavior was observed. This report will describe the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model that was developed to calculate the temperatures and gas volume fractions in the solution vessel during the irradiations. The previous report described an initial analysis performed on a geometry that had not been updated to reflect the as-built solution vessel. Here, the as-built geometry is used. Monte-Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) calculations were performed on the updated geometry, and these results were used to define the power deposition profile for the CFD analyses, which were performed using Fluent, Ver. 16.2. CFD analyses were performed for the 12 and 15 kW irradiations, and further improvements to the model were incorporated, including the consideration of power deposition in nearby vessel components, gas mixture composition, and bubble size distribution. The temperature results of the CFD calculations are compared to experimental measurements.
Efficient Symbolic Computation of Approximated Small-Signal Characteristics of Analog Integrated Circuits (2009)

A symbolic analysis tool is presented that generates simplified symbolic expressions for the small-signal characteristics of large analog integrated circuits.The expressions are approximated while they are computed, so that only those terms are generated which remain in the final expression.This principle causes drastic savings in CPU time and memory, compared with previous symbolic analysis tools.In this way, the maximum size of circuits that can be analyzed, is largely increased.By taking into account a range for the value of a circuit parameter rather than one single number, the generated expressions are also more generally valid.Mismatch handling is explicitly taken into account in the algorithm.The capabilities of the new tool are illustrated with several experimental results. I. INTRODUCTIONURRENT tools for small-signal symbolic analysis of C analog integrated circuits, like for instance ISAAC [ 11 and ASAP [ 2 ] , are able to evaluate network functions in the s-domain with the complex frequency variable and the circuit parameters (capacitances, resistances, transconductances, etc.) kept as symbols.These functions are typically given as an expanded cancellation-free sum of products, in which xT = (21, Z Z , . . ., X Q } is the vector of symbolic circuit parameters and the f i and gj are sums of products.Since these expressions are calculated automatically, analog designers are released from the involved calculations needed to get insight into the ac behavior of circuits.Also, analog cells can be automatically sized for given ac specifications through the iterative optimization of the symbolic equations generated for their gain, poles, zeros, terminal impedances, PSRR, CMRR, etc.Other potential applications of symbolic analyzers, for synthesis, statistical optimization, testability, etc., exploit also the computational advantages to perform repetitive evaluations of precalculated models [3].However, these applications can be realized at fully only if the automatic generation of symbolic expressions runs parallel to the automatic pruning of insignificant terms in these expres-
A Transferred-Electron Frequency Memorizer (2005)

Transferred-electron oscillators capable of single frequency operation at any of a large number of closely spaced frequencies are being developed for microwave frequency memory applications. Switching between different frequency states has been achieved with pulsed RF input signals as short as 0.1 μs in X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz).
Osmotic Stress Confers Enhanced Cell Integrity to Hydrostatic Pressure but Impairs Growth in Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 (2016)

Alcanivorax is a hydrocarbonoclastic genus dominating oil spills worldwide. While its presence has been detected in oil-polluted seawaters, marine sediment and salt marshes under ambient pressure, its presence in deep-sea oil-contaminated environments is negligible. Recent laboratory studies highlighted the piezosensitive nature of some Alcanivorax species, whose growth yields are highly impacted by mild hydrostatic pressures (HPs). In the present study, osmotic stress was used as a tool to increase HP resistance in the type strain Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2. Control cultures grown under standard conditions of salinity and osmotic pressure with respect to seawater (35.6 ppt or 1136 mOsm kg(-1), respectively) were compared with cultures subjected to hypo- and hyperosmosis (330 and 1720 mOsm kg(-1), or 18 and 62 ppt in salinity, equivalent to brackish and brine waters, respectively), under atmospheric or increased HP (0.1 and 10 MPa). Osmotic stress had a remarkably positive impact on cell metabolic activity in terms of CO2 production (thus, oil bioremediation) and O2 respiration under hyperosmosis, as acclimation to high salinity enhanced cell activity under 10 MPa by a factor of 10. Both osmotic shocks significantly enhanced cell protection by reducing membrane damage under HP, with cell integrities close to 100% under hyposmosis. The latter was likely due to intracellular water-reclamation as no trace of the piezolyte ectoine was found, contrary to hyperosmosis. Notably, ectoine production was equivalent at 0.1 MPa in hyperosmosis-acclimated cells and at 10 MPa under isosmotic conditions. While stimulating cell metabolism and enhancing cell integrity, osmotic stress had always a negative impact on culture growth and performance. No net growth was observed during 4-days incubation tests, and CO2:O2 ratios and pH values indicated that culture performance in terms of hydrocarbon degradation was lowered by the effects of osmotic stress alone or combined with increased HP. These findings confirm the piezosensitive nature of A. borkumensis, which lacks proper resistance mechanisms to improve its metabolic efficiency under increased HP, thus explaining its limited role in oil-polluted deep-sea environments.
ChemInform Abstract: DEHYDRIERUNG VON ISOAMYLENEN AN MEMBRANKATALYSATOREN (1974)

Abstract Der Verlauf der Dehydrierung von Isoamylenen (I) an einer Pd‐Ni‐Folie (5,9% Ni enthaltend) im Ar‐Strom bei 330‐470°C wird untersucht.
Characterization of New Glycosides from the Fermentation Broths of Streptomyces hygroscopicus (1966)

Abstract Four new glycosides, hygromycin C, and Compounds D, E, and F, isolated from the fermentation broths of Streptomyces hygroscopicus, have been partially characterized. Adsorption spectra in the infrared and ultraviolet regions and isolation of components after acid and basic hydrolysis indicated that the glycosides have a similar aglycon, composed of 3,4-dihydroxy-α-methylcinnamic acid or an isomer of this compound and neoinosamine-2, linked via an amide bond. An unusual feature was the dioxymethylene bridge previously reported to exist on the inosamine portion of hygromycin A, evidence for which was obtained for hygromycin C but not for Compounds D, E, or F. The carbohydrate component of Compound F was identified as D-glucose, and that of hygromycin C as L-fucose. The carbohydrate component of Compounds D and E was determined to be a 5-keto-6-deoxyarabohexose; it was not determined if this was the D or L form. A number of free phenolic compounds were found in the ether-soluble extract of acidified broths and two of these were identified as p-hydroxybenzoic acid and 3,4-dihydroxy-α-methylcinnamic acid.
Naturalistic study of the early psychiatric use of citalopram in the United States (2002)

We obtained information on the efficacy and safety of citalopram in settings that resemble actual clinical practice. A total of 1,783 patients participated in this open, uncontrolled, naturalistic Phase IV evaluation of citalopram at 447 U.S. investigative sites. Participants were selected by guidelines in the citalopram package insert using minimal exclusion criteria. Citalopram dosing began at 20 mg/day and could be titrated to 60 mg/day. Outcomes included the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale (CGI-I) and a Patient Global Evaluation. Separate analyses were performed on patients with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) (76%) who reported intolerance or nonresponse to previous selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Patients included tended to have treatment-resistant or intolerant, chronic or recurrent, comorbid depression with a mean duration of illness of 10 years. At study completion, more than 68% of treatment completers were classified as responders (CGI-I score of 1 or 2). Endpoint analyses showed response rates of 54% in all patients, 56% in patients with MDD, 49% in SSRI nonresponsive patients, and 53% in patients with a history of SSRI intolerance. Nausea (9.8%) and headache (7.3%) were the most often reported adverse events. Patients with a history of SSRI intolerance had a discontinuation rate of 21.8%, whereas those without such a history had a discontinuation rate of 13.3%. Citalopram administered at an average dose of 23.6 mg/day was associated with favorable outcomes and was generally well tolerated.