gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spinal actions of NSAIDS in blocking spinally mediated hyperalgesia: the role of cyclooxygenase products. (1993)

Recent studies have shown that intrathecal NSAIDs can produce a significant, dose-dependent reduction in the second phase of the formalin response and block thermal hyperalgesia induced by spinally injected N-methyl-D-aspartate and substance P. These observations support the body of literature that indicate that sustained small fiber input yields a hyperalgesia through activation of spinal NMDA and NK1 receptors and that in turn a portion of this action is mediated by the spinal release of cyclooxygenase products.
Peripheral blood IFN‐γ‐secreting Vα24<sup>+</sup>Vβ11<sup>+</sup> NKT cell numbers are decreased in cancer patients independent of tumor type or tumor load (2005)

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are CD1d-restricted lymphoid cells and are characterized by an invariant T-cell receptor, which in humans consists of a Valpha24 chain paired with a Vbeta11 chain. These cells are known for their rapid production of large amounts of cytokines (e.g., IFN-gamma and IL-4), thereby modulating other cells of the immune system such as T cells, NK cells and dendritic cells. NKT cells have been reported to play important regulatory roles in many immune responses, including antitumor immune responses. Here, we demonstrate an age-dependent decrease in circulating Valpha24(+)Vbeta11(+) NKT cell numbers in both healthy controls and cancer patients and demonstrate that in both groups females have higher NKT cell levels compared to males. In a large group of 120 cancer patients, we show that circulating Valpha24(+)Vbeta11(+) NKT cell numbers are about 50% lower than in age- and gender-matched healthy controls and that this decrease is independent of tumor type or tumor load. This decrease was not restored upon tumor removal by means of surgery or radiotherapy. Even though the percentage of NKT cells that secrete IFN-gamma, as detected by ELISPOT, is normal in cancer patients, the absolute number of circulating IFN-gamma-secreting NKT cells is reduced. Together, our results suggest that the reduced circulating Valpha24(+)Vbeta11(+) NKT cell numbers in cancer patients are not affected by tumor load, but might actually reflect a risk factor for tumor development, e.g., by hampering efficient tumor immunosurveillance.
Combined dynamic voltage scaling and adaptive body biasing for lower power microprocessors under dynamic workloads (2003)

Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) reduces the power consumption of processors when peak performance is unnecessary. However, the achievable power saving by DVS alone is becoming limited as leakage power increases. In this paper, we show how the simultaneous use of adaptive body biasing (ABB) and DVS can be used to reduce power in high-performance processors. Analytical models of the leakage current, dynamic power, and frequency as functions of supply voltage and body bias are derived and verified with SPICE simulation. We then show how to determine the correct trade-off between supply voltage and body bias for a given clock frequency and duration of operation. The usefulness of our approach is evaluated on real workloads obtained using real-time monitoring of processor utilization for four applications. The results demonstrate that application of simultaneous DVS and ABB results in an average energy reduction of 48% over DVS alone.
Assessment of the Impact of Dynamic Prediction-Based Route Guidance Using Simulation-Based, Closed-Loop Framework (2008)

The objective of this paper is to present and validate a closed-loop framework for the evaluation of the impact of predictive route guidance in case of severe incidents. The presented framework has been implemented through the integration of two state-of-the-art tools: the microscopic traffic simulation laboratory MITSIMLab (which represents the ground-truth real network conditions) and the dynamic traffic assignment system DynaMIT (which acts as the Traffic Management Center and generates predictive and consistent dynamic route guidance). Drivers can thus make informed decisions about their route choice when they receive information through Variable Message Signs (VMS). The impact of dynamic route guidance was evaluated using the developed closed-loop framework in the lower Westchester County network just north of New York City. The large-scale nature of the application provides a unique environment for the real-world validation of the presented framework. Two alternative scenarios were modeled, each involving one hour-long incident with full blockage on all lanes for the peak direction. The selected incidents are representative of the frequent closures and bottlenecks that occur on the network, both in terms of severity and location. The sensitivity of the effectiveness of the generated route guidance with respect to the number of prediction iterations used was assessed, and it was found that in this application considerable benefits were obtained even when a single prediction iteration was performed. The marginal benefits for using more than three prediction iterations were found to be limited, indicating that, in this case, three prediction iterations provide a practical trade-off between maximum effectiveness and computational feasibility.
Optical observations geomagnetically conjugate to sprite-producing lightning discharges (2005)

Abstract. Theoretical studies have predicted that large positive cloud-to-ground discharges can trigger a runaway avalanche process of relativistic electrons, forming a geomagnetically trapped electron beam. The beam may undergo pitch angle and energy scattering during its traverse of the Earth's magnetosphere, with a small percentage of electrons remaining in the loss cone and precipitating in the magnetically conjugate atmosphere. In particular, N2 1P and N2+1N optical emissions are expected to be observable. In July and August 2003, an attempt was made to detect these optical emissions, called "conjugate sprites", in correlation with sprite observations in Europe near . Sprite observations were made from the Observatoire du Pic du Midi (OMP) in the French Pyrenées, and VLF receivers were installed in Europe to detect causative sferics and ionospheric disturbances associated with sprites. In the Southern Hemisphere conjugate region, the Wide-angle Array for Sprite Photometry (WASP) was deployed at the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO), near Sutherland, South Africa, to observe optical emissions with a field-of-view magnetically conjugate to the Northern Hemisphere observing region. Observations at OMP revealed over 130 documented sprites, with WASP observations covering the conjugate region successfully for 30 of these events. However, no incidences of optical emissions in the conjugate hemisphere were found. Analysis of the conjugate optical data from SAAO, along with ELF energy measurements from Palmer Station, Antarctica, and charge-moment analysis, show that the lightning events during the course of this experiment likely had insufficient intensity to create a relativistic beam. Keywords. Ionosphere (Ionsophere-magnetosphere interactions; Ionospheric disturbances; Instruments and techniques)
Pyridoxine and Pyridoxal Analogs. IV. Ultraviolet Spectra and Solution Equilibria of 3-Methoxypyridine-2(and 4-)-aldehydes and of 3-Hydroxypyridine-2 (and 4-)-aldehydes<sup>1,2</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyridoxine and Pyridoxal Analogs. IV. Ultraviolet Spectra and Solution Equilibria of 3-Methoxypyridine-2(and 4-)-aldehydes and of 3-Hydroxypyridine-2 (and 4-)-aldehydes1,2Kazuo Nakamoto and A. E. MartellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 22, 5863–5869Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01531a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01531a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bulk heterojunction solar cells based on a low-bandgap carbazole-diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymer (2010)

Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells fabricated with a phase separated nanomaterial comprising a carbazole-diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymer (PCBTDPP) and [6,6]-phenyl C70-butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) are demonstrated with power conversion efficiency&gt;3.5%. The PCBTDPP:PC70BM BHJ nanomorphology was controlled by changing the length of the alkyl side-chain of the polymer and by utilizing processing additives.
POLYMER MATERIAL COORDINATES FOR MUTUAL DIFFUSION IN POLYMER-PENETRANT SYSTEMS (1989)

This paper presents a general framework, for formulating polymer-penetrant mutual diffusion problems using polymer material (Lagrangian) coordinates. The material approach has two advantages over the spatial (Eulerian) framework: it allows a simple specification of boundary conditions and, for systems with negligible excess volume, it obviates the need to solve two continuity equations. We derive in curvilinear polymer material coordinates the field equations needed for multi-dimensional problems: species continuity; species and mixture equations of motion. These enable the analysis of a broad class of diffusion problems by either (a) simultaneously solving the species continuity equations and the equations of motion for the mixture with constitutive equations for the diffusion current and mixture's stress tensor or (b) using the formalism natural in kinetic theory or in modern continuum theories where the species continuity equations and species equations of motion are solved together with relations specifying the species interaction forces and species stress tensors. We show that for simple problems in Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical coordinate systems and for three-dimensional isotropic diffusion in a Cartesian system, a kinematic constraint completely specifies the transformation from ordinary, spatial to polymer material coordinates. In these cases, the approach confirms the intuitive transform of Hartley and Crank (1949) for a one-dimensional process in a slab and supplies new transforms for radial diffusion and swelling in a cylinder and sphere. The passive, two-dimensional swelling of a gel slab is studied in detail to demonstrate the use of the material approach for multi-dimensional problems.
Designing and Implementing a Basel II Compliant PIT-TTC Ratings Framework (2008)

From 'The Basel Handbook' a description of a framework for calculating both "point-in-time" (PIT) and "through-the-cycle" (TTC) PDs, to enable banks to achieve Basel II compliance at an advanced level. The framework described here reflects broadly the one implemented globally in May 2005 at Barclays Capital.
Computing internal cockpit reflections of external point light sources for the model YAH-64 advanced attack helicopter low glare canopy design (1977)

The US Army Human Engineering Laboratory (HEL) has developed a computer program for computing the internal cockpit reflections on the transparent canopy surfaces of external point light sources. Computations have been completed for the Model YAH-64 Advanced Attack Helicopter (low glare canopy design). The results show that primary reflections as seen from the pilot's position are possible on (1) the upper rear corners of the forward side canopy surfaces, (2) the upper edges of the rear sides, and (3) the sides of the top surface. Computations have also been completed for the copilot's position and show possible reflections on the front and side surfaces. A computer graphics output is used to show reflection points on canopy layouts and perspectives of the cockpit.
Clinically-Relevant Chemotherapy Interactions with Complementary and Alternative Medicines in Patients with Cancer (2010)

Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs), in particular herbal medicines, are commonly used by cancer patients in conjunction with chemotherapy treatment for their anticancer properties and supportive care. However, the effects of many of these herbs are not well-documented due to limited studies done on them. Severe herb-drug interactions (HDIs) have been recorded in some cases, and failure to recognize these harmful HDIs can lead to dire consequences in cancer patients. This study discusses clinically-relevant interactions between anticancer drugs (ACDs) and herbs classified into 7 categories: cancer treatment and prevention, immune-system-related, alopecia, nausea and vomiting, peripheral neuropathy and pain, inflammation, and fatigue. Some promising patents which contain these herbs and thus may manifest these interactions are also presented in this article. Pharmacokinetic interactions involved mainly induction or inhibition of the cytochrome P450 isozymes and p-glycoprotein, while pharmacodynamic interactions were related to increased risks of central nervous system-related effects, hepatotoxicity and bleeding, among others. Clinicians should be vigilant when treating cancer patients who take CAMs with concurrent chemotherapy since they face a high risk of HDIs. These HDIs can be minimized or avoided by selecting herb-drug pairs which are less likely to interact. Furthermore, close monitoring of pharmacological effects and plasma drug levels should be carried out to avoid toxicity and ensure adequate chemotherapeutic coverage in patients with cancer.
TEM Studies on the Olivine to Modified Spinel Transformation in Mg<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub> (2011)

High pressure and temperature experiments at 15.5 GPa and 1000°C were carried out with a multi-anvil apparatus to examine the stress dependence of the transformation mechanism of olivine (α) to modified spinel (β) in Mg2SiO4 by using a single crystal of forsterite. Several pieces of a forsterite crystal were randomly mixed into three different media, NaCl, forsterite or diamond powder, to produce various differential stresses within the charges. Recovered specimens were examined with optical and electron microscopes. the results for the NaCl and forsterite powder runs show that the α to β transformation occurs by incoherent nucleation and growth mechanism under differential stress below 0.3 GPa. On the other hand, the experimental results for the diamond powder run suggest the initiation of coherent nucleation of β-phase within the host olivine, in addition to incoherent nucleation and growth of β-phase, under a differential stress of about 0.9 GPa. Newly grown β grains show a high density of stacking faults on (010) planes, indicating a defective stacking sequence of cations during the α to β transformation.
Effect of nitrogen and carbon sources on lignin and cellulose degradation by Armillaria ostoyae (1993)

Abstract Lignin has been hypothesized to be the primary mechanism of resistance to fungal pathogens in plant tissue. Degradation of lignin and cellulose by Armillaria ostoyae cultured for six weeks in Melin‐Norkrans medium containing various nitrogen and carbon sources was measured radiometrically. No consistent pattern of lignin or cellulose degradation was found, regardless of A. ostoyae isolate, nitrogen source and concentration, or carbon concentration. More lignin was degraded as the concentration of glucose and fructose increased but not when the concentration of sucrose increased.
Extraction of minerals after experimental fractures of the tibia in dogs. (1979)

In a study of a standardized fracture of the tibia in dogs, we examined the relationship between extraction of strontium-85, as measured by a multiple indicator-dilution technique, and blood flow, as determined by an iodoantipyrine-washout technique. Although the blood flow at the fracture site increased from a control value of 1.5 milliliters per 100 grams of bone per minute to a value of 6.65 milliliters per 100 grams of bone per minute at two weeks, the maximum instantaneous extraction of (85)Sr by the fractured tibiae did not change from a value of about 0.77 of the amount injected. These results suggest that the increase in blood flow is accomplished by recruitment of capillaries, that the permeabilities of the capillary beds in the fractured tibia and in the normal tibia are similar, and that the pattern of flow in the fractured tibia remains non-uniform. The increased capillary surface area available for exchange is suggested as the reason that strontium extraction was unchanged despite the increased flow. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study has shown that calcium is only moderately rapidly exchangeable across the capillary membrane and made available for uptake by osteoblasts and deposition in callus at the fracture site. Because calcium delivery via capillary is essential, and because capillary surface area is ordinarily increased in the region of a healing fracture, we can now see clearly that clinical treatment, in particular manipulative intervention, should be carried out in a fashion that minimizes damage to the capillary bed. The exchange processes described in this study are the same as those involved in the deposition of agents used for bone-scanning, and thus this information provides a basis for the timing of scanning studies and for their interpretation.
New examples of the involvement of air oxygen in chemical reactions in solution (2008)

Two different processes, oxidation of the simplest alkylarenes in aqueous solutions and assessment of antiradical activity of natural antioxidants in blood serum by the rate of formation of fluorescing products from fluorescein dibutyrate, are characterized from a common viewpoint of the involvement in the reactions of air oxygen dissolved in the reaction medium.
Calculating Availability for a Time-Varying Multi-Path Network (2006)

In dynamic networks, external factors such as weather and geography can change the functional system configuration during operations . In particular, lasercom networks through the atmosphere are impacted by weather conditions. Availability analysis must account for these changes in configuration as well as for equipment and performance failures. Correctly sensing and controlling the net work also affects availability. The paper discuss es these and other factors, and present s an approach for analyzing and modeling the availability of time -varying network architectures . A logic tree model for allocating availability to subsystems and assess ing the impact of various factors is also presented.
Multilevel Regulation of IL‐6R by IL‐6–sIL‐6R Fusion Protein According to the Primitiveness of Peripheral Blood‐Derived CD133<sup>+</sup>Cells (2005)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its soluble receptor (sIL-6R) are major factors for maintenance and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Sensitivity of HSCs to IL-6 has been previously studied, in part by measuring the expression of IL-6R on the membrane (mIL-6R). Several studies have described the regulation of cell surface expression of IL-6R by several cytokines, but the role of glycoprotein 130 activation has not yet been investigated. In this study, CD133(+) cells were purified from adult peripheral blood and were precultured in the absence or presence of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for selection of quiescent HSCs. Cells were cultured with continuous or pulsed stimulations of an IL-6-sIL-6R fusion protein (hyperinterleukin-6 [HIL-6]) to 1) detect mIL-6R by flow cytometry, 2) assess mIL-6R and sIL-6R RNAs by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, 3) measure sIL-6R in supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 4) analyze cell-cycle status, and 5) perform long-term culture-initiating cell assays. The level of mIL-6R(-) cells was preserved by 5-FU incubation. HIL-6 increased steady-state mIL-6R RNA and expression rate on HSCs, independently of treatment with 5-FU. Enhanced production of sIL-6R was observed with short pulses of HIL-6 on CD133(+) 5-FU-pretreated cells. This overproduction of sIL-6R was abrogated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha protease inhibitor-1, an inhibitor of a disintegrin and metalloprotease proteases, suggesting the shedding of mIL-6R. This phenomenon was mediated through the phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinase pathway and was involved in the maintenance of primitive HSCs. In conclusion, expression and production of IL-6R are tightly regulated and stage specific. We assume that sIL-6R produced by shedding should be involved in autocrine and paracrine loops in the HSC microenvironment.
Foci of Tuberculosis Transmission in Central Los Angeles (1999)

To identify sites of tuberculosis transmission and to determine the contribution of HIV-infected patients to tuberculosis morbidity in an urban area, we prospectively evaluated 249 patients with culture-proven tuberculosis in central Los Angeles. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed on Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates to identify patients infected with the same strain. Using RFLP and clinical and epidemiologic data, we identified the most likely source case and site of transmission for 79 patients. Homelessness, birth in the United States and Native American ethnicity were independent predictors of being a source case, but HIV infection was not. Three homeless shelters were sites of tuberculosis transmission for 55 (70%) of the 79 patients. HIV-infected patients constituted 27% (66/249) of the study population, but only 17% (13/79) of patients were infected by an HIV-infected source case. We conclude that transmission of tuberculosis in central Los Angeles was highly focal, and that the major transmission sites were three homeless shelters. HIV- infected tuberculosis patients did not play a major role in spread of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis control measures targeted at specific homeless shelters can reduce tuberculosis morbidity in urban areas where homelessness is common and the incidence of tuberculosis is high.
In Vivo Activity of Amodiaquine against Ebola Virus Infection (2019)

During the Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in Western Africa (2013‒2016), antimalarial treatment was administered to EVD patients due to the high coexisting malaria burden in accordance with World Health Organization guidelines. In an Ebola treatment center in Liberia, EVD patients receiving the combination antimalarial artesunate-amodiaquine had a lower risk of death compared to those treated with artemether-lumefantrine. As artemether and artesunate are derivatives of artemisinin, the beneficial anti-Ebola virus (EBOV) effect observed could possibly be attributed to the change from lumefantrine to amodiaquine. Amodiaquine is a widely used antimalarial in the countries that experience outbreaks of EVD and, therefore, holds promise as an approved drug that could be repurposed for treating EBOV infections. We investigated the potential anti-EBOV effect of amodiaquine in a well-characterized nonhuman primate model of EVD. Using a similar 3-day antimalarial dosing strategy as for human patients, plasma concentrations of amodiaquine in healthy animals were similar to those found in humans. However, the treatment regimen did not result in a survival benefit or decrease of disease signs in EBOV-infected animals. While amodiaquine on its own failed to demonstrate efficacy, we cannot exclude potential therapeutic value of amodiaquine when used in combination with artesunate or another antiviral.