gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using graphics boards to compute holograms (2006)

Today's,consumer graphics boards incorporate highly integrated, parallel-working graphics processing units (GPUs) with transistor counts and performance that exceed those of CPUs. In addition to playing the latest 3D video game, you can use the graphics board's power to solve computational problems in science or engineering work. Current GPUs are programmable and flexible enough to transfer computational problems from the CPU to the GPU.Why shift computational work to the GPU? The short answer is processing power. As we demonstrate, using a standard graphics board can considerably speed up the overall performance of tasks such as computing Fourier holograms in real time.
Thermodynamic characterization of a diamond-based electron emitter (2000)

This paper contains a thermodynamic analysis of electron emission from a micro-fabricated diamond tip array. The analysis is based on experimental measurements of the current-voltage characteristics of an actual device. Field enhancement, applied field, and electrical current density are shown to influence thermodynamic performance. The idealized thermodynamic analysis predicts cooling rates above 10 W/cm2 for an existing device under room temperature operation and that 100 W/cm2 may be possible for future devices.
The Retinoblastoma Protein Binds the Promoter of the Survival Gene <i>bcl-2</i> and Regulates Its Transcription in Epithelial Cells through Transcription Factor AP-2 (2002)

The retinoblastoma (RB) gene product has been shown to restrict cell proliferation, promote cell differentiation, and inhibit apoptosis. Loss of RB function can induce both p53-dependent apoptosis and p53-independent apoptosis; little is known about the mechanisms of RB-regulated p53-independent apoptosis. Here we show that RB specifically activates transcription of the survival gene bcl-2 in epithelial cells but not in NIH 3T3 mesenchymal cells. This transcriptional activity is mediated by the transcription factor AP-2. By monitoring protein-DNA interactions in living cells using formaldehyde cross-linking and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we show that endogenous RB and AP-2 both bind to the same bcl-2 promoter sequence. In addition, we demonstrate that RB and AP-2 also bind to the E-cadherin gene promoter in vivo, consistent with regulation of this promoter by both AP-2 and RB in epithelial cells. This study provides evidence that RB activates bcl-2 and E-cadherin by binding directly to the respective promoter sequences and not indirectly by repressing an inhibitor. This recruitment is mediated by a transcription factor, in this case AP-2. For the first time, our results suggest a direct molecular mechanism by which RB might inhibit apoptosis independently of p53. The results are discussed in a context where RB and Bcl-2 contribute under nonpathological conditions to the maintenance of cell viability in association with a differentiated phenotype, contributing to the tumor suppressor function of RB and playing important roles in normal development.
Fermi‐level pinning by carrier com‐ pensating midgap donor defect band in homoepitaxially grown p‐type ZnO by MBE (2014)

Abstract We have performed homoepitaxial MBE growth of nitrogen (N) ‐doped ZnO and studied the postanneal effect on electrical conduction properties. A rapid postanneal after MBE growth is found to enhance the donor–acceptor (D–A) pair emission intensity, converting from n‐type (as‐grown) to p‐type conduction. The p‐type ZnO showed extremely high resistivity (>10 3 Ω cm) at room temperature. Carrier‐compensating donor‐like defects in N‐doped ZnO were traced by using PPC (persistent photocurrent), which is coupled with in situ Hall effect measurements. It is found that highly resistive p‐ZnO includes a high density of metastable donor‐like defects forming a deep donor band in the midgap region. This midgap donor band plays a role in Fermi‐level pinning at around the midgap position, resulting in high resistivity. Based on X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy experiments one possible origin of the deep donor band is introduced as nitrogen molecule (N 2(o) ) defects locating at the O atomic site. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Helicity dependence of the γ→p→→nπ+π0 reaction in the second resonance region (2002)

The helicity dependence of the total cross section for the γ→p→→nπ+π0 reaction has been measured for the first time at incident photon energies from 400 to 800 MeV. The measurement was performed with the large acceptance detector DAPHNE at the tagged photon beam facility of the MAMI accelerator in Mainz. This channel is found to be excited predominantly when the photon and proton have a parallel spin orientation, due to the intermediate production of the D13 resonance.
STRUCTURE AND BIOSYNTHESIS OF MOSQUITO CELL MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS (1981)

Conference Abstract| April 01 1981 STRUCTURE AND BIOSYNTHESIS OF MOSQUITO CELL MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS T. D. Butters; T. D. Butters 1National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. C. Hughes R. C. Hughes 1National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1981) 9 (2): 144P. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst009144pb Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation T. D. Butters, R. C. Hughes; STRUCTURE AND BIOSYNTHESIS OF MOSQUITO CELL MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1981; 9 (2): 144P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst009144pb Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1981 Biochemical Society1981 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Multiplicative Mixing and Detection of THz Signals with a Field Effect Transistor (2012)

We report on a multiplicative mixing architecture for THz detection with a field effect transistor. The mixer multiplies the THz signal with an orthogonally polarized local oscillator signal for down-conversion in a homodyne detection scheme.
Relaxant effect of K+ATP channel openers on the uterine smooth muscle: pharmacological in vitro models (2002)

peer reviewed
Image Augmented Laser Scan Matching for Indoor Localization (2009)

Abstract : Indoor localization is a challenging problem addressed extensively by both robotics and computer vision communities. Most existing approaches focus on using either cameras or laser scanners as the primary sensor for pose estimation. In laser scan matching based localization, finding scan point correspondences across scans is a challenging problem as individual scan points lack unique attributes. In camera based localization, one has to deal with images with little or no visual features as well as scale factor ambiguities to recover absolute distances. In this paper, we develop a multimodal approach for indoor localization by fusing a camera and a laser scanner in order to alleviate the drawbacks of each individual modality. Specifically, we use structure from motion to estimate the pose of a moving camera-laser rig which is subsequently used to compute scan correspondence estimates which are refined using a window based search method for scan point projections on the images. We have demonstrated our proposed system, consisting of a laser scanner and a camera, to result in a 0.4% loop closure error for a 60m loop around the interior corridor of a building.
Transient behavior of converter modules connected in parallel (2002)

The demand for modular solid-state power converters with built-in expansion capabilities has prompted interest in the operation and control of systems comprising two or more modules connected in parallel. An investigation of the transients occurring in such a system as a result of the switching online of individual converter modules is reported. Circuit models were derived in order to evaluate basic dynamic processes, to obtain worst-case transient conditions, and to develop convenient design tools. The models and the design equations were tested using a personal computer-based circuit simulation software package, and results are given. Key experimental results were verified on a laboratory prototype circuit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spontaneous Generation of Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Micelles with Multiple Morphologies through Interfacial Instabilities (2008)

We introduce a method for the formation of block copolymer micelles through interfacial instabilities of emulsion droplets. Amphiphilic polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-PEO) copolymers are first dissolved in chloroform; this solution is then emulsified in water and chloroform is extracted by evaporation. As the droplets shrink, the organic solvent/water interface becomes unstable, spontaneously generating a new interface and leading to dispersion of the copolymer as micellar aggregates in the aqueous phase. Depending on the composition of the copolymer, spherical or cylindrical micelles are formed, and the method is shown to be general to polymers with several different hydrophobic blocks: poly(1,4-butadiene), poly(-caprolactone), and poly(methyl methacrylate). Using this method, hydrophobic species dissolved or suspended in the organic phase along with the amphiphilic copolymer can be incorporated into the resulting micelles. For example, addition of PS homopolymer, or a PS-PEO copolymer of different composition and molecular weight, allows the diameter and morphology of wormlike micelles to be tuned, while addition of hydrophobically coated iron oxide nanoparticles enables the preparation of magnetically loaded spherical and wormlike micelles.
Monitoring polymer surface derivatization by RBS and ESCA (1984)

Abstract Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) has been used to detect and quantitate the thallium concentration resulting from the thallous ethoxide derivatization of phenol and carboxylic acid groups contained in the surface region of bisphenol‐A polycarbonate (PC) sheet. Hydrolysis of the PC surface prior to derivatization leads to increased thallium levels, in which the chemical nature of the thallium is shown to be of the form R–O–Tl (R = alkyl or aromatic) by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). Similar trends in thallium concentrations were observed by both RBS and ESCA for PC surfaces that had been exposed for increasing lengths of time to accelerated weathering and outdoor Florida conditions. The detection limit for thallium in PC using RBS is ca. 5 × 10 13 atoms/cm 2 . The diffusion of thallous ethoxide and transesterification of the aromatic carbonate linkage led to a thallium‐containing layer 300–700 Å thick, which increased the experimental uncertainty when assaying residual uncapped polymer chains in unweathered material. During the course of the RBS analysis, the interaction of 2‐MeV 4 He + with the PC substrate caused dramatic chemical and physical changes. Microscopy and profilometry indicate that a crater was formed having the same cross‐sectional area as the incident ion beam with a depth (ca. 0.3–1.5 μ) that varied according to the beam energy and integrated charge. ESCA analysis provided evidence for the loss of the carbonate linkage and the appearance of carbonyl and ester groups. Infrared analysis of the crater bottom shows the appearance of O‐H stretch, carbonyl functionality other than aromatic carbonate, and enhanced aromatic ring stretch vibrations. Crosslinking and subsequent densification of the polymer matrix are though to be responsible for the observed morphological changes. It is suggested that this beam‐induced damage does not prohibit the use of RBS to measure high‐Z elements on a PC matrix since quantitation of 1000‐Å Au layers on silicon and PC gave identical results.
PREVAIL: Operation of the electron optics proof-of-concept system (1999)

A proof-of-concept (POC) system was built to prove the electron optics concept of PREVAIL as a viable technology for next generation lithography (NGL), and is described elsewhere (H. C. Pfeiffer et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technology B, these proceedings; W. Stickel et al. ibid., these proceedings). The primary objective of the PREVAIL POC system is the embodiment of the curvilinear variable-axis lens (CVAL) optics which provides superior performance in terms of minimum geometric aberrations over unusually large deflection distances off the system axis (see Stickel et al.). Another major benefit of the CVAL is the minimization of the Coulomb interaction blur, since this approach permits the reduction of the column length to the smallest practical dimensions. The implementation of the PREVAIL CVAL requires a much higher degree of complexity than that of probe-forming systems, even of those which incorporate variable-axis immersion lenses [M. A. Sturans et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 8, 1682 (1990)] in the projection optics. The procedure used to establish the proper curvilinear variable-axis trajectory has required the development of hardware and software tools and is semiautomated. In this article we describe the means employed to properly establish the imaging conditions and the curvilinear trajectory of the deflected beam. Proper adjustment of the components is verified by comparison with the theoretically predicted excitation values for the deflection and axis-shifting yokes. Performance results presented by Pfeiffer et al. in terms of image blur and subfield distortion provide the proof of concept for the CVAL imaging conditions.
DARPA-NRL Laser Program - Annual Technical Report to Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency - 1 October 1977 - 30 September 1978 (1979)

Abstract : The DARPA-NRL Program is concerned with the development of laser technology. New concepts in photolytic pumping and wavelength conversion have been investigated. Limitations of the mercury halide lasers have been studied. The basic physics of the XeF laser has been examined theoretically and experimentally.
Neurologic Outcome of Prematurity (1998)

Brain injury in the premature infant is an extremely important problem, in part because of the large absolute number of infants affected yearly. The 2 principal brain lesions that underlie the neurological manifestations subsequently observed in premature infants are periventricular hemorrhagic infarction and periventricular leukomalacia. The emphases of this article are the neuropathological features, pathogenesis, and potential means of prevention of these 2 lesions. Recent work suggests that the ultimate goal, prevention of the lesions, is potentially achievable. Periventricular hemorrhagic infarction may be avoidable by prevention of germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage, and periventricular leukomalacia by detection of impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation, prevention of impaired cerebral blood flow, and interruption of the cascade to oligodendroglial cell death by such agents as free radical scavengers.
A co-Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks (2011)

Fueled by their promise to solve the problem of distilling valuable information and business insight from big data in a scalable and programmer-friendly way, noSQL databases have been one of the hottest topics in our field recently. With a plethora of open source and commercial offerings and a surrounding cacophony of technical terms, however, it is hard for businesses and practitioners to see the forest for the trees.
Sequence‐specific recognition of DNA by hydrophobic, alanine‐rich mutants of the basic region/leucine zipper motif investigated by fluorescence anisotropy (2002)

We generated minimalist proteins capable of sequence-specific, high-affinity binding of DNA to probe how proteins are used and can be used to recognize DNA. In order to quantify binding affinities and specificities in our protein-DNA system, we used fluorescence anisotropy to measure in situ the thermodynamics of binding of alanine-rich mutants of the GCN4 basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) domain to DNA duplexes containing target sites AP-1 (5'-TGACTCA-3') or ATF/CREB (5'-TGACGTCA-3'). We simplified the alpha-helical bZIP molecular recognition scaffold by alanine substitution: 4A, 11A, and 18A contain four, eleven, and eighteen alanine mutations in their DNA-binding basic regions, respectively. DNase I footprinting analysis demonstrates that all bZIP mutants retain the sequence-specific DNA-binding function of native GCN4 bZIP. Titration of fluorescein-labeled oligonucleotide duplexes with increasing amounts of protein yielded low nanomolar dissociation constants for all bZIP mutants in complex with the AP-1 and ATF/CREB sites: binding to the nonspecific control duplex was > 1000-fold weaker. Remarkably, the most heavily mutated protein 18A, containing 24 alanines in its 27-residue basic region, still binds AP-1 and ATF/CREB with dissociation constants of 15 and 7.8 nM, respectively. Similarly, wild-type bZIP binds these sites with K(d) values of 9.1 and 14 nM. 11A also displays low nanomolar dissociation constants for AP-1 and ATF/CREB, while 4A binds these sites with approximately 10-fold weaker K(d) values. Thus, both DNA-binding specificity and affinity are maintained in all our bZIP derivatives. This Ala-rich scaffold may be useful in design and synthesis of small alpha-helical proteins with desired DNA-recognition properties capable of serving as therapeutics targeting transcription.
The influence of the dislocation density on the sulphur segregation at the Ni(110) surface in the course of heating (1980)

Abstract The segregation of sulphur of the surface from Ni(110) monocrystals has been studied by LEED and AES. We have founded that the diffusion is dependent to the temperature and the dislocation density and we interpret this observation with the diffusion along the dislocations and the volume diffusion.
Alternative Splicing Events Identified in Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Neural Progenitors (2007)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and neural progenitor (NP) cells are excellent models for recapitulating early neuronal development in vitro, and are key to establishing strategies for the treatment of degenerative disorders. While much effort had been undertaken to analyze transcriptional and epigenetic differences during the transition of hESC to NP, very little work has been performed to understand post-transcriptional changes during neuronal differentiation. Alternative RNA splicing (AS), a major form of post-transcriptional gene regulation, is important in mammalian development and neuronal function. Human ESC, hESC-derived NP, and human central nervous system stem cells were compared using Affymetrix exon arrays. We introduced an outlier detection approach, REAP (Regression-based Exon Array Protocol), to identify 1,737 internal exons that are predicted to undergo AS in NP compared to hESC. Experimental validation of REAP-predicted AS events indicated a threshold-dependent sensitivity ranging from 56% to 69%, at a specificity of 77% to 96%. REAP predictions significantly overlapped sets of alternative events identified using expressed sequence tags and evolutionarily conserved AS events. Our results also reveal that focusing on differentially expressed genes between hESC and NP will overlook 14% of potential AS genes. In addition, we found that REAP predictions are enriched in genes encoding serine/threonine kinase and helicase activities. An example is a REAP-predicted alternative exon in the SLK (serine/threonine kinase 2) gene that is differentially included in hESC, but skipped in NP as well as in other differentiated tissues. Lastly, comparative sequence analysis revealed conserved intronic cis-regulatory elements such as the FOX1/2 binding site GCAUG as being proximal to candidate AS exons, suggesting that FOX1/2 may participate in the regulation of AS in NP and hESC. In summary, a new methodology for exon array analysis was introduced, leading to new insights into the complexity of AS in human embryonic stem cells and their transition to neural stem cells.
Abstract 1946: Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) in highly expressed in Stage 4, MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma (2015)

Abstract Background: Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5), a member of the ATF/CREB family transcription factor, has been shown to regulate the differentiation of neuroprogenitor cells into mature neurons. ATF5 has also been implicated in progression of glioblastoma multiforme. We have recently identified ATF5 as a potential synthetic lethal gene to MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma (NB) through a whole genome shRNA screen. In the present study we investigate the role of ATF5 in NB tumorigenesis. Methods: We analyzed the human NB patient data GEO (GSE45480, Kocak et al.) to investigate and correlate the expression of ATF5 with different stages of NB. Immunohistochemical staining for ATF5 was performed on primary human NB tumors. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blot for ATF5 were conducted on a panel of NB cell lines. Immunocytochemistry was performed to determine the intercellular localization of ATF5. ATF5 was silenced by a tetracycline inducible (tet-on) shRNA construct in BE(2)-C and SK-N-DZ cells. The cells were subjected to cell viability assay and soft agar colony formation assay to assess the function of ATF5. Results: Analysis of NB patient data GEO (GSE45480) from Kocak et al., demonstrated that ATF5 is highly expressed in Stage 4 MYCN-amplified tumors compared to Stage 4, MYCN-non-amplified tumors (P = 2.56e-10) or Stage 1 tumors (P = 7.30e-18). ATF5 is also highly expressed in Stage 4, MYCN-non-amplified tumors vs. Stage 1 tumors (P = 2.8e-7). High expression of ATF5 strongly correlated with poor survival of NB patients (P = 2.88e-6, NCI Oncogenomics, Obertheur data set). Quantitative PCR detected ATF5 transcript in all eight NB cell lines tested. Western blot analyses demonstrated high expression of ATF5 in the MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines BE(2)-C, SK-N-DZ, and IMR32. Nuclear ATF5 staining was detected in all three cell lines as well as in Stage 4 NB tumors. Silencing of ATF5 reduced BE(2)-C cell viability to 30%, 48 hr after the addition of doxycycline. Silencing of ATF5 significantly reduced the colony formation of BE(2)-C and SK-N-DZ cells in soft agar (p&lt;0.05) Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that ATF5 is highly expressed in Stage 4 MYCN-amplified tumors, and that silencing of ATF5 inhibits proliferation. These results suggest that ATF5 has a role in NB tumorigenesis and it represents a potential therapeutic target in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. Citation Format: Debarshi Banerjee, Shuobo Zhang, Gonzalo Lopez, Andrea Califano, Angela Kadenhe-Chiweshe, Darrell Yamashiro. Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) in highly expressed in Stage 4, MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1946. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1946
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF THROMBOXANE RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS WITH THE POTENTIAL TO RADIOLABEL WITH IODINE‐125 (1985)

Abstract Das Amin (I) reagiert mit demEpoxid (II) zu dem erwarteten Addukt (III), das nach Hydrolyse (IVa) liefert.