gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Legionellaceae in the potable water of Nova Scotia hospitals and Halifax residences (1994)

Water was cultured from 39 of 48 hospitals (7 Halifax hospitals and 32 non-Halifax hospitals) in the province of Nova Scotia and from 90 residences (74 private dwellings, 16 apartments) in Halifax to determine the frequency of legionella contamination. Six of seven Halifax hospitals had Legionellaceae isolated from their potable water compared with 3 of 32 non-Halifax hospitals (P < 0.0001). Overall, 19 of 59 (32%) of the water samples from Halifax hospitals were positive for legionellae compared with 5 of 480 (1%) samples from non-Halifax hospitals (P < 0.0000). Five of the six positive Halifax hospitals had Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 and 1 had L. longbeachae serogroup 2 recovered from their potable water. Legionella contamination was associated with older, larger (> or = 50 beds) hospitals with total system recirculation. These hospitals also had water with a higher pH and calcium content but lower sodium, potassium, nitrate, iron and copper content. Fourteen of the 225 (6.2%) water samples from Halifax residences were positive for legionellae -8% (6/74) of the single family dwellings were positive, compared with 25% (4/16) apartments. The positivity rate of 15.7% for the 19 electric hot-water heaters in Halifax homes was not significantly different from the 32% positivity for Halifax hospitals. L. longbeachae accounted for 2 of the 14 isolates of legionellae from Halifax homes.
Particle acceleration during merging-compression plasma start-up in the Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak (2017)

Magnetic reconnection occurred during merging-compression plasma start-up in the Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak (MAST), resulting in the prompt acceleration of substantial numbers of ions and electrons to highly suprathermal energies. Accelerated field-aligned ions (deuterons and protons) were detected using a neutral particle analyser at energies up to about 20 keV during merging in early MAST pulses, while nonthermal electrons have been detected indirectly in more recent pulses through microwave bursts. However no increase in soft X-ray emission was observed until later in the merging phase, by which time strong electron heating had been detected through Thomson scattering measurements. A test-particle code CUEBIT is used to model ion acceleration in the presence of an inductive toroidal electric field with a prescribed spatial profile and temporal evolution based on Hall-MHD simulations of the merging process. The simulations yield particle distributions with properties similar to those observed experimentally, including strong field alignment of the fast ions and the acceleration of protons to higher energies than deuterons. Particle-in-cell modelling of a plasma containing a dilute field-aligned suprathermal electron component suggests that at least some of the microwave bursts can be attributed to the anomalous Doppler instability driven by anisotropic fast electrons, which do not produce measurable enhancements in soft X-ray emission either because they are insufficiently energetic or because the nonthermal bremsstrahlung emissivity during this phase of the pulse is below the detection threshold. There is no evidence of runaway electron acceleration during merging, possibly due to the presence of three-dimensional field perturbations.
Complete revascularisation in ST-elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel disease: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (2015)

In STEMI and MV disease, complete MV-PCI as compared with non-complete strategy reduces MACE by 41%, driven by a 52% reduction in recurrent MI and 49% reduction in repeat revascularisation.
Nonpool based spectrum sharing for two UMTS operators in the UMTS extension band (2008)

This paper investigates spectrum sharing (in the form of code sharing) between two Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) operators in the UMTS extension band (2500-2690 MHz) with equal and unequal number of proprietary carriers, respectively. The paper proposes a dynamic spectrum allocation (DSA) algorithm to address the problem of spectrum sharing between two operators on a non-pool basis. It also investigates the impact of adjacent channel interference (ACI) on the spectrum sharing gain. Additionally, an architecture that enables spectrum sharing to take place between two or more UMTS operators is presented. The simulated performance of the proposed DSA algorithm shows that under peak-hour loading, up to 32% increase in capacity can be obtained when compared to currently used fixed spectrum allocation (FSA).
Assignment of the human lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene to chromosome band 8p22 (1993)

The lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL) was mapped to chromosome band 8p22 by in situ hybridization to human chromosomes. This confirms the status of this assignment, which was still provisional.
Human Umbilical Cord blood monocytes, but not adult blood monocytes, rescue brain cells from hypoxic-ischemic injury: Mechanistic and therapeutic implications (2019)

Abstract Cord blood (CB) mononuclear cells (MNC) are being tested in clinical trials to treat hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injuries. Although early results are encouraging, mechanisms underlying potential clinical benefits are not well understood. To explore these mechanisms further, we exposed mouse brain organotypic slice cultures to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and then treated the brain slices with cells from CB or adult peripheral blood (PB). We found that CB-MNCs protect neurons from OGD-induced death and reduced both microglial and astrocyte activation. PB-MNC failed to affect either outcome. The protective activities were largely mediated by factors secreted by CB-MNC, as direct cell-to-cell contact between the injured brain slices and CB cells was not essential. To determine if a specific subpopulation of CB-MNC are responsible for these protective activities, we depleted CB-MNC of various cell types and found that only removal of CB CD14 + monocytes abolished neuroprotection. We also used positively selected subpopulations of CB-MNC and PB-MNC in this assay and demonstrated that purified CB-CD14 + cells, but not CB-PB CD14 + cells, efficiently protected neuronal cells from death and reduced glial activation following OGD. Gene expression microarray analysis demonstrated that compared to PB-CD14 + monocytes, CB-CD14 + monocytes over-expressed several secreted proteins with potential to protect neurons. Differential expression of five candidate effector molecules, chitinase 3-like protein-1, inhibin-A, interleukin-10, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and thrombospondin-1, were confirmed by western blotting, and immunofluorescence. These findings suggest that CD14 + monocytes are a critical cell-type when treating HI with CB-MNC.
Pulling reptating polymers by one end: Magnetophoresis in the Rubinstein-Duke model (2003)

We consider the magnetophoresis problem within the Rubinstein-Duke model, i.e., a reptating polymer pulled by a constant field applied to a single end of a chain. Extensive density matrix renormalization calculations are presented of the drift velocity and the profile of the chain for various strengths of the driving field and chain lengths. We show that the velocities and the average densities of the stored length are well described by simple interpolating crossover formulas, derived under the assumption that the difference between the drift and curvilinear velocities vanishes for sufficiently long chains. The profiles, which describe the average shape of the reptating chain, also show such interesting features as some nonmonotonic behavior of the link densities for sufficiently strong pulling fields. We develop a description in which a distinction is made between links entering at the pulled head and at the unpulled tail. At weak fields the separation between the head zone and the tail zone meanders through the whole chain, while the probability of finding it close to the edges drops off. At strong fields the tail zone is confined to a small region close to the unpulled edge of the polymer.
Structure of the complex of proteinase K with a substrate analogue hexapeptide inhibitor at 2.2-A resolution (1993)

The crystal structure of a transition state/product complex formed by the interaction between proteinase K and the substrate analogue N-Ac-L-Pro-L-Ala-L-Pro-L-Phe-D-Ala-L-Ala-NH2 has been determined at a resolution of 2.2 A and refined to an R-factor of 0.165 for 12,725 reflections. The inhibitor forms a stable complex through a series of hydrogen bonds with protein atoms and water molecules. The inhibitor is hydrolyzed between Phe 4I and D-Ala5I (I indicates inhibitor). The two fragments are separated by a distance of 3.07 A between the carbonyl carbon and the main chain nitrogen. Both fragments remain bound to the protein. The N-terminal fragment occupies subsites S5 to S1, whereas the C-terminal part is bound in S1' and S2', the first time that electron density for a substrate analogue has been observed in the P1' and P2' sites of a subtilisin-like enzyme. The flexible segments of the substrate recognition sites Gly100-Tyr104 and Ser132-Gly136 move appreciably to accommodate the inhibitor. Biochemical results indicate an inhibition by this specifically designed peptide of 95%.
Architecture and signaling for rapid infrastructure deployment using wireless communications networks (2002)

Rapid deployment of communications infrastructure has long been a topic of considerable interest. A self-contained and decentralized wireless networking backbone is proposed. This networking architecture employs modular elements which enable flexible network planning and upgrading with cost-effective implementation. Mobility management for the moving users is also considered. Signaling schemes, including a modified flooding algorithm, are introduced. An analysis based on the M/G/1 queuing model is performed to estimate the routing delay and bandwidth requirement for the signaling traffic. Some numerical results are given to demonstrate that the proposed signaling schemes are reasonable and practical.
Differential inhibition of HT-29 and HCT-15 colon cancer cell growth by rosiglitazone and 1,1-bis(3’-indolyl)-1-(p-substituted phenyl)methanes, a new class of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonists (2004)

4392 HT-29 and HCT-15 colon cancer cells express wild-type and mutant (K422Q) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) and rosiglitazone inhibits growth of HT-29 but not HCT-15 cells. This study investigates the mechanisms of HT-29 and HCT-15 cell growth inhibition by PPARγ active 1,1-bis (3’-indoyl)-1-(p-substituted phenyl methane) [C-substituted diindoyl methanes (DIMs)] that contain p-CF 3 (DIM-C-pPhCF 3 ), p-tbutyl (DIM-C-pPhtBu) and p-C 6 H 5 (DIM-C-pPhC 6 H 5 ) substituents. The PPARγ-active C-substituted DIMs inhibit greater than 50% of HT-29 and HCT-15 cell growth at concentrations of 1-5 and 5-10 μM respectively. Significant inhibition of G 0 /G 1 -S phase progression was observed in HT-29 but not in HCT-15 cells cultured in 2.5% charcoal-stripped serum. Inhibition of HT-29 and HCT-15 cell proliferation was not accompanied by significant changes in cyclin D1, p21 or p27 protein expression after treatment with 5.0 or 7.5 μM rosiglitazone, DIM-C-pPhCF 3 , DIM-C-pPhtBu or DIM-C-pPhC 6 H 5 . Protein levels of differentiation-inducible genes caveolin-1, caveolin-2 and keratin 18 were increased in HT-29 cells after treatment with rosiglitazone and the PPARγ-active C-substituted DIMs. In contrast, the C-substituted DIMs but not rosiglitazone induce caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 which may contribute to the differential ligand-dependent inhibition of HT-29 and HCT-15 cell growth.
Quantitative transcervical uterine cultures with a new device. (1981)

This study was initiated to examine the ability of a new device to take transcervical cultures of the endometrial cavity in the normal and postpartum uterus. Quantitative bacteriologic assessments were made. The results show there is a millionfold increase in the mean concentration of bacteria cultured from the infected puerperal uterus when contrasted with cultures from nonpregnant women and those who have just undergone repeat cesarean section. The authors conclude that the new device obtains cultures transcervically with marked reduction in contamination; however, some method for quantification of bacterial populations must complement the culture so that results differentiate between colonization and infection.
A hybrid flowshop scheduling model for apparel manufacture (2001)

A hybrid flowshop (HFS) problem on the pre‐sewing o perations and a master production scheduling (MPS) problem of apparel manufacture are solved by a proposed two‐tier scheduling model. The first objective of this paper is to plan a MPS for the factory so that the costs are minimized when the production orders are completed before and after the delivery dates required by the customers. The second objective is to minimize the completion time of the pre‐sewing operations in the cutting department while the production quantities required by the sewing department at several predetermined times can be fulfilled by the cutting department. Experimentation is conducted and the results show the excellent performance of the proposed scheduling model for the apparel industry.
Dependence of the acoustic to seismic coupling ratio on the angle of incidence and geophone depth (1989)

An atmospheric sound wave can couple with the poroelastic ground, resulting in ground (or seismic) motion. This is the phenomenon of acoustic to seismic coupling. Microphones are used to measure the sound pressure level at the surface and geophones are used to measure the resulting seismic motion at or below the surface. The seismic:acoustic transfer function (SATF) characterizes a particular site. SATF measurements are reported as a function of the angle of incidence of the sound wave for frequencies 15 Hz to 1 kHz. The angle of incidence varied from 50° to 80°, and normal incidence. Surface vertical and radial-horizontal geophones were used. In addition six vertical geophones at depth intervals of 10 cm, starting at 10 cm, were used. A seismic p-wave survey indicated a first layer depth of 44 cm having a wave velocity of 159 m/s overlying a layer of velocity 379 m/s. This gives a critical angle of incidence of 65°. It was anticipated and confirmed that the SATF would increase in magnitude for certain frequency bands as the angle of incidence approached and passed over the critical angle. Comparisons of experimental results and multilayered elastic and poroelastic media theory will be addressed as time permits. [Work supported by ONR.]
A fuzzy classifier that uses both crisp samples and linguistic knowledge (1994)

We propose a general structure for a classifier that uses fuzzy inference techniques. This structure leads to a variety of fuzzy logic classifiers that are capable of combining numerical data and linguistic knowledge in a unified framework. Under certain conditions the fuzzy logic classifier reduces to the Bayes minimum error classifier. Our examples show that, when linguistic information is available, the fuzzy classifiers can perform better than probabilistic classifiers that do not use the linguistic information.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fast OFDD based minimization of fixed polarity Reed-Muller expressions (1994)

We prerent methods to minimize F&d Polarity Reedhiuller ezpnrrionr (FPRMr), i.e. t-level jized polarity AND/RXOR canonical rcpnrcntatiow of Boolean functionr, uring Ordered l&actional De&ion Diagnamr (OFDDE). We investigate the close relation between both npnrentationr and uee eficient algorithmr on OFDDI for ezact and heutirtic minimization of FPRMz. In contrtut to pnviov~rlg published methoda our algorithm can alro handle circuit8 with reveral outpuk. Ezpcrimental nrultr on large benchmarkr are given to rhow the eficiency of our appmch.
Observation of slow-light dynamics in coupled periodic waveguides (2009)

The physics and applications of slow light are attracting increasing attention in recent years. Dramatic reduction of the pulse velocity by orders of magnitude was demonstrated experimentally in photonic structures with periodic modulation of refractive index. The benefits of slow-light regime include potential applications for optical delay lines and enhanced light-mater interactions. Whereas the key principles of achieving the individual slow-light states have been established, new concepts for light manipulation in photonic structures can be explored based on interactions between multiple optical waves if their velocities are reduced simultaneously. This work demonstrates theoretically and observe experimentally an efficient realization of slow-light regime for several optical modes in the same frequency region. The approach is based on coupled periodic waveguides, where two co-propagating modes exist with distinct dispersion characteristics. As the frequency is tuned close to the band-edge, the estimated group velocity is reduced below c/30. Slow-light propagates along a sinusoidal trajectory, exhibiting periodic tunneling between the waveguides. This happens due to the beating of two distinct Bloch modes which group velocities are reduced simultaneously, yet the phase velocities remain different.
3-D Fourier Series Based Digital Predistortion Technique for Concurrent Dual-Band Envelope Tracking With Reduced Envelope Bandwidth (2015)

In this paper, the design, implementation, and measurement results of a new digital predistortion (DPD) method for a concurrent dual-band envelope tracking (ET) power amplifier (PA) system is presented. The PA gain is represented using a set of 3-D orthogonal Fourier series basis functions, which accounts for the distortions introduced by the two signal bands, as well as the supply modulation voltage. Here, the new Fourier series basis is shown to substantially outperform the traditional memory polynomial approach in terms of its linearization capability for subsequent data for which it was not trained for (prediction) due to its well-defined numerical rank and stability. The new DPD system was implemented using a 10-W peak gallium-nitride (GaN) ET PA operating with a dual-band input based on long-term evolution and WCDMA signals center frequency (1.89 and 2.2 GHz) spaced by 310 MHz. The linearization results are compared to the 3-D memory polynomial in two steps: extraction and prediction. In the DPD coefficient extraction phase, tested under the same signal, the traditional memory polynomial and the Fouries series reach close results in both normalized mean square error (NMSE) and adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR). In the prediction phase, however, the proposed method provides a significant performance improvement. A performance improvement as high as 17 dB in terms of NMSE and 4.6 dB in terms of ACPR in comparison to the conventional dual-band 3-D memory polynomial method implementing ET. Furthermore, the well-defined numerical rank of the Fourier series approach allows for a substantial reduction in coefficients using principal component analysis without detrimenting performance.
Internal reactions in the Grignard‐complex containing compounds with alkoxy‐groups: Part II. Cyclic acetals (1963)

Abstract If one molar equivalent of 2‐methyl‐, 2‐ethyl‐ or 2‐ n ‐propyl‐1,3‐dioxolane is used for the preparation of Grignard‐reagents in benzene, the five‐membered hetero‐ring is opened with formation of a magnesium halide 2‐alkoxyethan‐1‐olate. The steric and electronic effects of the alkyl groups of the Grignard‐reagent and those of the dioxolane molecule are discussed.
The treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia in patients 30 years of age and younger (1982)

The treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia in childhood and young adults has lagged behind that for acute lymphocytic leukemia. The studies described here were directed towards evaluating the role of intensive chemotherapy in the treatment of this illness. Intensive remission induction therapy combining cytosine arabinoside with an anthracycline antibiotic produced a complete remission rate comparable to that achieved in acute lymphocytic leukemia (45 of 49 patients or 92%). Intensive consolidation chemotherapy produced a median duration of complete remission of 160 weeks with 40% of patients projected to be in remission at 4 years. By contrast, the median duration of remission for patients treated with moderate consolidation/maintenance therapy was 23 weeks with only 10% of patients in remission at 4 years. These studies demonstrate that intensive chemotherapy can be administered to pediatric patients and young adults and that this approach to therapy produces a high remission rate with a 3 year median duration of remission.
Synthesis of functionalized 2,3-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-ones and their recyclization to 2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-ones (2006)

By the reaction of 6-aryl(alkyl)amino-5-cyano-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazin-4(10)-ones with α-halogenoketones in the presence of triethylamine, 2,3-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-ones have been synthesized and their acid-catalyzed recyclization to 2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-ones has been found and studied. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 17:104–111, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20181
Etude d'un croisement diallèle pour la résistance à la bactériose (Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum Smith Dow.) chez le cotonnier (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (1992)

Un croisements diallèle, portant sur le caractère "cotation bactériose en conditions d'infection naturelle", a été réalisé au Tchad, à partir de 8 variétés de cotonnier d'Afrique francophone. Son étude a mis en évidence la présence d'effets significatifs d'aptitudes générales et spécifiques à la combinaison, mais le rôle des effets de dominance est prépondérant dans le déterminisme du caractère. Ainsi, les parents les moins attaqués ne fournissent pas nécessairement les descendants les plus performants; seuls deux parents pourraient présenter ici un intérêt en sélection pour le caractère étudié. Les diverses estimations effectuées indiquent que l'héritabilité du caractère tranformé est relativement faible. Afin de tirer parti au mieux des effets de dominance, il s'avère donc nécessaire, en termes de stratégie de sélection, de s'orienter soit vers la réalisation de nombreux croisement, soit vers une sélection de type récurrent
Structure-Based Analysis and Optimization of a Highly Enantioselective Catalyst for the Strecker Reaction (2002)

A mechanistic investigation of the asymmetric Strecker reaction catalyzed by a metal-free Schiff base catalyst was conducted. The active site of the catalyst, the relevant stereoisomer of the imine substrate, and the solution structure of the imine-catalyst complex were elucidated using a series of kinetics, structure-activity, and NMR experiments. An unusual bridging interaction between the imine and the urea hydrogens of the catalyst was identified and supported by computation. Rational optimization of catalyst structure based on the mechanistic insight led to an improved catalyst for the asymmetric Strecker reaction.
Stereochemical model of [2+2]cycloaddition of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate to chiral vinyl ethers (1999)

A comparison of steady-state NOE coefficients measured for vinyl-substituted isopropyl ethers with conformations generated by a molecular mechanics program allowed a characterization of the most favorable ground state conformations. With high confidence it was possible to assign the lowest energy conformation to one which is characterized by a diastereo-zeroplane consisting of the s-trans vinyl group, the stereogenic center and the methyl group (Fig. 3). A stereochemical model of the transition state for [2+2]cycloaddition of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate and vinyl ethers is proposed, based on the lowest energy conformation derived from NOE coefficients, which agrees well with the experimental facts and provides a sound explanation of the direction of asymmetric induction.