gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicates on Aflatoxicosis in Broiler Chicks (1993)

In three experiments, three different hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates (HSCAS) were incorporated into chick diets (.5%) containing either 0 or 5.0 (Experiments 1 and 2) or 0 or 2.5 (Experiment 3) mg/kg aflatoxin (AF). Male broiler chicks consumed their respective diets and water ad libitum from 1 to 21 days of age. When compared with controls, body weights in chicks receiving 5.0 mg AF/kg were reduced by 214 g in Experiment 1 and 220 g in Experiment 2. The addition of .5% of the HSCAS compounds significantly diminished the growth inhibitory effects caused by AF by 39 to 68% in Experiment 1, by 46 to 88% in Experiment 2, and by 38 to 90% in Experiment 3. The increases in relative organ weights and the decreases in serum biochemical values caused by AF were significantly diminished to differing degrees by all three of the HSCAS compounds. These data demonstrate that these specific HSCAS compounds can be protective against the effects of AF in young growing broilers and further emphasizes the fact that all silicate-type sorbents are not equal in their ability to protect against aflatoxicosis. It also seems possible to specially process compounds to increase their efficacy for protection against the toxicity of AF.
A 23.2dBm at 210GHz to 21.0dBm at 235GHz 16-Way PA-Cell Combined InP HBT SSPA MMIC (2014)

A 3-stage, 16-way PA-cell combined InP HBT solidstate power amplifier MMIC is presented demonstrating 23.2dBm (208.7mW) Pout at 210GHz to 21.0dBm (126.0mW) at 235GHz for 10dBm Pin - this represents 13.2-11.0dB large-signal gain. The total high-power bandwidth of this SSPA is between 190.8-237GHz. The amplifier has 24.3-26.7dB S21 gain from 206243GHz. The total PDC is 5.81W. A power-cascode cell topology is used for the PA unit cell, which is used to generate a 3-Stage, 4Cell output combined SSPA - then four of these 4-Cell SSPAs are combined using low insertion loss Wilkinson dividers and combiners to realize the overall 16-way PA cell combined MMIC. This is the first reported SSPA MMIC demonstrating > 200mW Pout above 200GHz operation. The output powers from this work across 190.8-237GHz are the highest values reported from an SSPA MMIC and improves upon state-of-the-art by 1.16-1.6× from 190.8-225GHz and by 1.6× from 230-235GHz. This result closely meets or exceeds across the same frequency operation the highest Pout reported from a solid-state based PA, a four-chip waveguide-block combined module.
Unsupervised and Semi-supervised Learning with Categorical Generative Adversarial Networks (2015)

In this paper we present a method for learning a discriminative classifier from unlabeled or partially labeled data. Our approach is based on an objective function that trades-off mutual information between observed examples and their predicted categorical class distribution, against robustness of the classifier to an adversarial generative model. The resulting algorithm can either be interpreted as a natural generalization of the generative adversarial networks (GAN) framework or as an extension of the regularized information maximization (RIM) framework to robust classification against an optimal adversary. We empirically evaluate our method - which we dub categorical generative adversarial networks (or CatGAN) - on synthetic data as well as on challenging image classification tasks, demonstrating the robustness of the learned classifiers. We further qualitatively assess the fidelity of samples generated by the adversarial generator that is learned alongside the discriminative classifier, and identify links between the CatGAN objective and discriminative clustering algorithms (such as RIM).
Borrelia burgdorferi Keeps Moving and Carries on: A Review of Borrelial Dissemination and Invasion (2017)

<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> is the etiological agent of Lyme disease, a multisystemic, multistage, inflammatory infection resulting in patients experiencing cardiac, neurological, and arthritic complications when not treated with antibiotics shortly after exposure. The spirochetal bacterium transmits through the <i>Ixodes</i> vector colonizing the dermis of a mammalian host prior to hematogenous dissemination and invasion of distal tissues all the while combating the immune response as it traverses through its pathogenic lifecycle. The innate immune response controls the borrelial burden in the dermis, but is unable to clear the infection and thereby prevent progression of disease. Dissemination in the mammalian host requires temporal regulation of virulence determinants to allow for vascular interactions, invasion, and colonization of distal tissues. Virulence determinants and/or adhesins are highly heterogenetic among environmental <i>B. burgdorferi</i> strains with particular genotypes being associated with the ability to disseminate to specific tissues and the severity of disease, but fail to generate cross-protective immunity between borrelial strains. The unique motility of <i>B. burgdorferi</i> rendered by the endoflagella serves a vital function for dissemination and protection from immune recognition. Progress has been made toward understanding the chemotactic regulation coordinating the activity of the two polar localized flagellar motors and their role in borrelial virulence, but this regulation is not yet fully understood. Distinct states of motility allow for dynamic interactions between several <i>B. burgdorferi</i> adhesins and host targets that play roles in transendothelial migration. Transmigration across endothelial and blood-brain barriers allows for the invasion of tissues and elicits localized immune responses. The invasive nature of <i>B. burgdorferi</i> is lacking in proactive mechanisms to modulate disease, such as secretion systems and toxins, but recent work has shown degradation of host extracellular matrices by <i>B. burgdorferi</i> contributes to the invasive capabilities of the pathogen. Additionally, <i>B. burgdorferi</i> may use invasion of eukaryotic cells for immune evasion and protection against environmental stresses. This review provides an overview of <i>B. burgdorferi</i> mechanisms for dissemination and invasion in the mammalian host, which are essential for pathogenesis and the development of persistent infection.
Bone cell responses to the composite of <i>Ricinus communis</i> polyurethane and alkaline phosphatase (2007)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of osteoblastic cells to the composite of Ricinus communis polyurethane (RCP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) incubated in synthetic body fluid (SBF). RCP pure (RCPp) and RCP blended with ALP 6 mg/mL polymer (RCP+ALP) were incubated in SBF for 17 days. Four groups of RCP were tested: RCPp, RCP+ALP, and RCPp and RCP+ALP incubated in SBF (RCPp/SBF and RCP+ALP/SBF). Stem cells from rat bone marrow were cultured in conditions that allowed osteoblastic differentiation on RCP discs and were evaluated: cell adhesion, culture growth, cell viability, total protein content, ALP activity, and bone-like nodule formation. Data were compared by ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test. The group RCP+ALP was highly cytotoxic and, therefore, was not considered here. Cell adhesion (p = 0.14), culture growth (p = 0.39), viability (p = 0.46) and total protein content (p = 0.12) were not affected by either RCP composition or incubation in SBF. ALP activity was affected (p = 0.0001) as follows: RCPp < RCPp/SBF < RCP+ALP/SBF. Bone-like nodule formation was not observed on all evaluated groups. The composite RCP+ALP prior to SBF incubation is cytotoxic and must not be considered as biomaterial, but the incorporation of ALP to the RCP followed by SBF incubation could be a useful alternative to improve the biological properties of the RCP.
Robust motion picture residue coding for noisy channels (1999)

A zerotree pattern coding scheme is designed for coding prediction image residues. The strategy is to use zerotree structures without any spatial transforms. Spatial patterns of pixels are defined to occupy successive levels of the zerotrees. These patterns replace the standard quadtree ordering of wavelet coefficient values with simple pixel values. The zerotree pattern motion picture residue coding algorithm gives good performance over noisy channel conditions, while maintaining the compression achievable over error-free channels.
Crystal structure of N-phenyl-N-(4-(pyren-1- yl)phenyl)benzenamine, C34H23N (2010)

Article Crystal structure of N-phenyl-N-(4-(pyren-1- yl)phenyl)benzenamine, C34H23N was published on September 1, 2010 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 225, issue 3).
Two-dimensional filter bank design for optimal reconstruction using limited subband information (1995)

In this correspondence, we propose design techniques for analysis and synthesis filters of 2-D perfect reconstruction filter banks (PRFB's) that perform optimal reconstruction when a reduced number of subband signals is used. Based on the minimization of the squared error between the original signal and some low-resolution representation of it, the 2-D filters are optimally adjusted to the statistics of the input images so that most of the signal's energy is concentrated in the first few subband components. This property makes the optimal PRFB's efficient for image compression and pattern representations at lower resolutions for classification purposes. By extending recently introduced ideas from frequency domain principal component analysis to two dimensions, we present results for general 2-D discrete nonstationary and stationary second-order processes, showing that the optimal filters are nonseparable. Particular attention is paid to separable random fields, proving that only the first and last filters of the optimal PRFB are separable in this case. Simulation results that illustrate the theoretical achievements are presented.
Quenching and Depolarization of Mercury Resonance Radiation (1971)

The quenching and depolarization of mercury resonance radiation (2537 Å), induced in collisions of Hg(6 3 P 1 ) atoms with various molecules has been investigated using the method of delayed coincidences. The following total quenching cross sections have been obtained for the process Hg(6 3 P 1 ) → Hg(6 3 P 0 , 6 1 S 0 ): Hg–H 2 , 24.6 Å 2 ; Hg–D 2 , 22.7 Å 2 ; Hg–CO, 21.7 Å 2 ; Hg–CO 2 , 10.2 Å 2 ; Hg–O 2 , 60.5 Å 2 ; Hg– 14 N 2 , 0.73 Å 2 ; Hg– 15 N 2 , 0.78 Å 2 ; and Hg–Xe, < 0.002 Å 2 . A cross section of 267 Å 2 has been measured for the depolarization of the resonance radiation by collisions with CO 2 molecules.
Properties of the biosurfactant produced byBacillus licheniformis strain JF-2 (1990)

The activity of the biosurfactant produced by Bacillus licheniformis strain JF-2 was quantified using a unit defined as the amount of the acid-precipitated biosurfactant that lowered the surface tension by 10 mN/m. One unit was equivalent to 37 micrograms/ml of the acid-precipitated biosurfactant. Acid precipitation was very effective in the removal of the biosurfactant from the spent medium. Among the solvents tested methanol was the most efficient in extracting the surfactant activity from acid-precipitated material. Thin-layer chromatography of the acid-precipitated biosurfactant revealed four components, two of which contained a lipid moiety and one of which contained an amino group. The methanol-soluble fraction also contained these four components. Studies suggested that all four components were needed for full activity. The lowest interfacial tensions against octane were observed when NaC1 concentrations were 50 g/l or greater. Calcium concentrations greater than 25 g/l significantly increased the interfacial tension.
Preparation of Aminosiloxane-grafted Poly(imidesiloxane) Copolymer and its Morphology and Adhesive Properties in Film (2013)

폴리이미드에 폴리실록산 블록을 포함시키는 형태의 공중합체를 통해 내열 점착특성을 갖는 박막층을 형성하였다. 카르복시기를 포함하는 폴리이미드를 중합하여 디아미노실록산과 반응하면서 필름을 형성하는 제조방법에서 그래프트화 및 가교결합을 형성하였다. 투과전자현미경과 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX)를 통한 모폴로지 조사에서 폴리이미드와 폴리실록산 부분은 각각 100 nm 크기의 구형 도메인과 연속상을 갖는 마이크로 상분리 구조를 갖는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) 분석에서는 공기-필름 계면에 폴리실록산 성분이 주로 노출되고 있음이 나타났다. <TEX>$400^{\circ}C$</TEX>까지 내열성을 갖는 폴리(이미드실록산) 박막층은 상온에서 <TEX>$300^{\circ}C$</TEX>까지 그 점착 특성이 유지됨을 확인하였다. 폴리이미드의 카르복시기와 아미노실록산의 그래프트화가 마이크로도메인 형성과 점착특성을 나타내는데 중요하게 작용함을 비교실험을 통해 확인하였다. Polyimide (PI) containing carboxyl functional group was prepared and reacted with diaminosiloxane during high temperature film casting. The morphology of resulting film was observed by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), which revealed that globular 100 nm-sized PI domains and continuous polysiloxane phase were formed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study indicated that air-film interface mainly consisted of polysiloxane blocks. Poly(imidesiloxane) thin layer was thermostable until <TEX>$400^{\circ}C$</TEX> and its pressure- sensitive adhesive property was retained up to <TEX>$300^{\circ}C$</TEX>. The comparative experiments revealed that grafting between carboxyl groups of polyimide and aminosiloxane was crucial for formation of microdomain structure and pressure-sensitive adhesive property.
Fuzzy modeling of client preference from large data sets: an application to target selection in direct marketing (2001)

Advances in computational methods have led, in the world of financial services, to huge databases of client and market information. In the past decade, various computational intelligence techniques have been applied in mining this data for obtaining knowledge and in-depth information about the clients and the markets. The paper discusses the application of fuzzy clustering in target selection from large databases for direct marketing purposes. Actual data from the campaigns of a large financial services provider are used as a test case. The results obtained with the fuzzy clustering approach are compared with those resulting from the current practice of using statistical tools for target selection.
Eliminating exception constraints of Java programs for IA-64 (2003)

Java exception checks are designed to ensure that any, faulting instruction causing a hardware exception does not terminate the program abnormally. These checks, however, impose some constraints upon the execution order between an instruction potentially raising a Java exception and a faulting instruction causing a hardware exception. This reduces the effectiveness of instruction reordering optimization. We propose a new framework to effectively perform speculation for the Java language using a direct acyclic graph representation based on the SSA form. Using this framework, we apply a well-known speculation technique to a faulting load instruction to eliminate such constraints. We use edges to represent exception constraints. This allows us to accurately estimate the potential reduction of the critical path length for applying speculation. We also propose an approach to avoid extra copy instructions and to generate efficient code with minimum register pressure. We have implemented the technique in the IBM Java Just-In-Time compiler, and observed performance improvements up to 25% for micro-benchmark programs, up to 10% for Java Grande Benchmark Suite, and up to 12% for SPECjvm98 on an Itanium processor.
Automated methods for the summarization of electronic health records (2015)

Automated summarization has been a long-studied subject in the fields of natural language processing and human-computer interaction, but the translation of summarization and visualization methods to the complexity of the clinical workflow is slow moving. We assess work in aggregating and visualizing patient information with a particular focus on methods for detecting and removing redundancy, describing temporality, determining salience, accounting for missing data, and taking advantage of encoded clinical knowledge. We identify and discuss open challenges critical to the implementation and use of robust EHR summarization systems.
Place and space in the networked city: Conceptualizing the integrated metropolis (1999)

This paper discusses the evolving form of urban areas with particular respect to the growth of new technology and the means of mass communication. The argument is pursued that the shape of cities is moving towards a polycentric form which functions as a whole unit. Rather than resisting the evolution of such a form, as is suggested by, say, both the urban villages movement and the proponents of the compact city, the authors suggest that a multi-centred metropolis should be made to work more effectively and efficiently. To do this, it is suggested that design and managerial effort is put into the networks of movement and communication which support the general mass of urban form, paying particular attention to the nodal connections between the networks. Nevertheless, whilst such a strategy might satisfy the functional requirements of the metropolis of the twenty-first century in terms of easing congestion and decreasing energy consumption, it does not address the imaginative and associative features of 'place' which form an important part of the postmodern experience of the city. In the final part of the paper it is argued that urban designers should take cognisance of the extended knowledge of place which the information revolution has provided and should seek to integrate cities and towns more thoroughly by creating identity and reinforcing the locational attributes for nodes, sub-centres and key features of the networks. Such a strategy has implications for a reorienting of urban design away from its traditional focus on sites and centres towards an inclusion of networks, transport interchanges and suburban sub-centres.
OLD ENGLISH TRANSLATION (2021)

The remarks above have described how Beowulf By All began with a widely-disseminated call for contributions, proceeded with intentionally open-ended instructions to translators, and has been edited according to a policy aimed, above all, at preserving the project's layers of polyvocality.The summation of all of this work is not only a unique translated object, but also an invaluable window on the act of translation itself.Here, my aim is to briefly explore the stakes, challenges, and rewards to be found in any Old English translation.In the process, I also hope to show why this polyvocal, crowdsourced project is a particularly fitting addition-a necessary one, even-to the amply populated and ever-growing shelf of Beowulf translations.Translation of any kind involves certain basic decisions, such as how literally the words of the original text should be rendered or how the style of one's writing might be modified to fit with the tone of the source.In addition to these more universal concerns, Old English (like every language) presents the would-be translator with its own particular collection of challenges.Arguably the most profound of these is simply the overwhelming distance separating today's readers from Old English speakers.How can we possibly fully comprehend the trappings, customs, and experiences of lives lived over a thousand years ago-much less translate them into our own language?With Old English translation, the difficulty of accessing the distant past puts a distinctly medieval spin on one of the most fundamental choices faced by any translator: should they give their audience a smoother reading experience by glossing over what is unfamiliar about the text, or should they try to preserve the text's original details at the expense of legibility?As we walk through some of the typical technical problems inherent in Old English translation, this ongoing tug-of-war between preservation and legibility will be evident throughout.Realistically, most translators will forge a path somewhere between these two extremes as they negotiate their own unique rendition of the original material.In the end, the way in which a translator handles such decisions will depend on how unfamiliar, strange, and challenging-or not-they believe a particular medieval text should feel to modern readers.There is no right answer to this question, but only, as Beowulf By All amply shows, a multitude of possibilities.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency due to a mutation of the E1 α subunit (1991)

SCOPUS: ar.j
Présentation : vers une rhétorique élargie ? (1993)

La rhétorique est à la mode. Son champ d'application, replié depuis longtemps sur le langage littéraire dans ce que Gérard Genette a pu appeler naguère une "rhétorique restreinte", semble se généraliser à nouveau au point qu'elle colonise à présent des domaines aussi divers que l'architecture et la publicité, ou revient chasser sur ses vieux territoire que sont la politique et la philosophie. Si la mode est à la rhétorique, le mode dominant du langage en cette fin de siècle est bel et bien le...
Effect of Polymer Concentration and Composition on Blue Phase Liquid Crystals (2011)

Effect of polymer concentration and composition on the electro-optic properties of blue phase liquid crystal (BPLC) composites is investigated. By increasing the polymer concentration, a more stable structure and faster response time are obtained, while keeping a low hysteresis (~ 3%). The major tradeoff is the increased operating voltage. Monomer ratio also plays an important role on the stability of the polymer-stabilized BPLC.
Fabrication and Characterization of Hybrid Metal-Oxide/Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes (2010)

Hybrid metal-oxide/polymer light-emitting diodes (HyLEDs) are a novel class of electronic devices based on a combination of electroluminescent organic and charge-injecting metal-oxide components. These devices employ air-stable electrodes, such as ITO and Au, and are therefore well suited for fabrication of encapsulation-free light-emitting devices. The current work is intended to provide an insight into operating mechanisms and limitations of the HyLEDs, and, on the basis of this knowledge, aims at modifying the device architecture in order to improve the performance. The choice of optically transparent metal-oxide charge-injection layers appears to be critical in this respect in order to optimize the electron-hole balance within the polymer layer. Starting from the original device architecture, ITO/TiO2/F8BT/MoO3/Au, which uses ITO as a cathode and Au as an anode, we follow different approaches, such as the use of dipolar self-assembled monolayers and nanoscale structuring of the electron-injecting interface, pursuing the goal of enhancing electron injection into the emissive layer. However, substitution of the electron-injecting layer of TiO2 with ZrO2 is demonstrated to be the most efficient of the approaches employed herein. Further, optimization of the device utilizing the latter metal oxide is demonstrated in terms of deposition and post-deposition treatment of the electron-injecting and electroluminescent layers. Substrate temperature during spray pyrolysis deposition of the electron-injecting layer is found to have a strong influence on the HyLED performance, as well as the precursor solution spraying rate and the layer thickness. On the other hand, post-deposition annealing of the polymer layer is shown to improve the device efficiency and brightness significantly, possible explanations lying in enhancement in polymer luminescence efficiency and formation of a more intimate contact between the electron-injecting and the active polymer layers. Combining electron-transporting (TiO2 and ZnO) and hole-blocking (Al2O3 and ZrO2) materials into a single electron-injecting layer is demonstrated to be an effective strategy of enhancing efficiency in the HyLEDs. The search for a hole-injecting electrode alternative to the conventionally used MoO3/Au leads to the device employing the PEDOT:PSS/VPP-PEDOT system, which though resulting in a poorer device efficiency, provides route for fabrication of vacuum deposition-free organic light-emitting devices. Finally, the HyLED architecture is demonstrated to offer better stability than the conventional architecture using LiF/Al as a cathode. It is hoped that the current work provides a better understanding of the requirements for fabrication of encapsulation-free organic light-emitting devices.