gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Characterization of a Ring-Resonator based Silicon Photonic Sensor on Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) (2019)

The purpose of this work is to build silicon photonic devices and verify their functionalities. In particular, the structure of a ring resonator (RR) is analyzed and applied to various silicon photonic application in sensing. Silicon waveguides, grating couplers, directional couplers, and RRs are fabricated on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. Geometrical parameters and optical properties of the silicon devices are studied and also applied to the design of the aforementioned devices. The waveguide dimensions and, optical properties of the silicon waveguide such as dispersion and effective-index are examined. The RRs are made of a series of straight and bent waveguides which are analyzed as a function of their geometrical variables such as path length of ring resonator and the gap between the bus and the bent waveguide forming the RR. Device fabrication is done in collaboration with the University of Minnesota where the Electron-beam lithography is performed. Finally, the devices are tested, and their performance is characterized. The average measured channel spacing between four channels of an integrated wavelength-division multiplexer is 1.825 +/- 0.01 nm. The experimental errors and their corresponding factors are discussed in details since the measured data reveal the devices performed inefficiently when compared to the simulations and theoretical predictions.
Photonic access system based on wavelength domain techniques for ATM gigabit switching applications (2002)

A photonic access node architecture is described, illustrating in detail the design of the traffic concentrator and of the multiplexer, basic subsystems of the photonic access concentrator. An implementation example is outlined, where at 128 user lines at 622 Mb/s the access is given to four outlets at 2.488 Gb/s. The implementation, based on the systematic use of the cell wavelength-encoding, uses either well-known components, such as Fabry-Perot filters, fiber delay lines, splitters and combiners, or recently developed devices, such as high-speed optical gates and tunable filters and lasers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low-loss dielectric mirror with ion-beam-sputtered TiO_2–SiO_2 mixed films (2001)

Ion-beam-sputtered TiO(2)-SiO(2) mixed films with 17% SiO(2) concentration were used as high-refractive-index layers in a multilayered-stack dielectric mirror. Experimental results indicated that total loss of the as-deposited mirror was 34% lower than that of the as-deposited conventional mirrors with pure TiO(2) films used as high-refractive-index layers. In addition, annealing reduced total loss of the mirrors. Although decreasing with an increasing annealing temperature, total loss of the conventional mirrors dramatically increased above ~200 degrees C annealing temperature, owing to increased scattering from an amorphous-to-crystalline phase transition in the TiO(2) films. In addition, total loss of the mirrors with the mixed films continuously decreased with an increasing annealing temperature up to 400 degrees C without the phase transition. Total loss was reduced 88% by means of decreasing absorption in the mixed films. Moreover, the annealed mirror with mixed films was better than both the as-deposited mirror and the conventional mirror with pure films in terms of laser-damage resistance.
A Study on Flow Rate Properties and Optimal Selection of Nitrogen Membrane Module of Hollow Fiber Type (2008)

The gas separation technology using membrane is widely used to refine various gases in many industry fields and recently is being applying in CO₂ recovery technology. In the gas and chemical tanker, nitrogen generators for inerting, purging and padding are on board and most of them have membrane modules of hollow fiber type with long life and vibration resisting properties. Because a membrane module is a key component accounting for 50% of total manufacturing cost of nitrogen generator, adequate selection for it is an important problem. In this paper, the flow performance coefficient based on dimension and specification data of membrane module was relatively selected to compare nitrogen generating capacity of module and various performance tests about the selected PARKER ST6010 membrane module were conducted. As a result, the useful coefficient and basic data in selecting a membrane module were achieved.
Recent advancements in Pt and Pt-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (2015)

Developing highly efficient catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is key to the fabrication of commercially viable fuel cell devices and metal-air batteries for future energy applications. Herein, we review the most recent advances in the development of Pt-based and Pt-free materials in the field of fuel cell ORR catalysis. This review covers catalyst material selection, design, synthesis, and characterization, as well as the theoretical understanding of the catalysis process and mechanisms. The integration of these catalysts into fuel cell operations and the resulting performance/durability are also discussed. Finally, we provide insights into the remaining challenges and directions for future perspectives and research.
Visualization of Hydrocarbon Drainage using 4-D Seismic Techniques: ABSTRACT (1996)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Recovery of Gas Condensate by Nitrogen Injection Compared With Methane Injection (1998)

Summary Methane injection or gas cycling is the recovery process of choice for gas-condensate reservoirs. For economic reasons, however, this process can often not be implemented. An alternative injection gas may be nitrogen, which is relatively cheap and available everywhere. Nitrogen, however, causes stronger liquid drop-out in the mixing zone between the gas condensate and the injected gas, which could reduce recovery. This paper presents the results of slim-tube experiments and numerical simulations of the displacement of a model gas condensate at reservoir conditions by both nitrogen and methane. The gas condensate used is a three-component hydrocarbon system representative of a North Sea reservoir. The phase behavior and physical properties of mixtures of the gas condensate and injection gas were calculated with an equation of state tuned by some selected pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) experiments. The main conclusion of this study is that the displacement of gas condensate by both nitrogen and methane is a developed miscible process, which results in high condensate recoveries. The recovery is adversely affected by dispersion; nitrogen is more sensitive to this than methane.
Role of nitric oxide synthesis in salt-sensitive hypertension in Dahl/Rapp rats. (1993)

Nitric oxide is a potent endogenous vasodilator that regulates arterial tone. A family of nitric oxide synthases uses L-arginine and L-homoarginine stereospecifically as substrates for nitric oxide production in vivo. By preventing expression of inducible but not constitutive nitric oxide synthases, glucocorticoids differentiate which enzyme in this family is the predominant source of nitric oxide generation in a given situation. We proposed that defective production of nitric oxide produces salt-sensitive hypertension in the Dahl/Rapp rat. Plasma concentrations of L-arginine, citrulline, and ornithine of salt-sensitive (SS/Jr) and salt-resistant (SR/Jr) rats on 8% sodium chloride chow for 1 week did not differ. However, intravenous infusion of L-arginine and L-homoarginine, but not D-arginine, increased urinary excretion of nitrate, the degradation product of nitric oxide, and simultaneously lowered blood pressure in hypertensive SS/Jr rats. Oral L-arginine also prevented development of hypertension and increased urinary excretion of cyclic GMP and nitrate in these rats. Dexamethasone, in a dose that prevented hypotension from parenteral injection of lipopolysaccharide, completely prevented the increase in excretion of cyclic GMP and nitrate, and hypertension resulted despite concomitant treatment with L-arginine. These studies supported an important role of dexamethasone-suppressible nitric oxide synthesis in the prevention of salt-sensitive hypertension in the Dahl/Rapp rat.
Carcinoembryonic antigenrelated cell adhesion molecule 1 and tumor (2015)

Carcinoembryonic antigenrelated cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is one of members of the carcinoembryonic antigen superfamily, and it is closely related with angiogenesis and lymphangion genesis of tumor, tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and other biological processes; in addition CEACAM1 also could be used as a biological marker of diagnosis and prognosis of multiple malignant tumor; recently, researches has found that CEACAM1 could negatively regulate immunity to suppress the anti-tumor immunocompetence, lead to tumor escapes immune surveillance and immune killing. This review summarizes the function of CEACAM1 in tumor progress.


Key words: 
CEACAM1; Tumor; Angiogenesis; Immunotherapy
Targeted deletion of a yeast enolase structural gene. Identification and isolation of yeast enolase isozymes. (1982)

Yeast contain two nontandemly repeated enolase structural genes which have been isolated on bacterial plasmids designated peno46 and peno8 (Holland, M. J., Holland, J. P., Thill, G. P., and Jackson, K. A. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 1385-1395). In order to study the expression of the enolase genes in vivo, the resident enolase gene in a wild type yeast strain corresponding to the gene isolated on peno46 was replaced with a deletion, constructed in vitro, which lacks 90% of the enolase coding sequences. Three catalytically active enolases are resolved differ DEAE-Sephadex chromatography of wild type cellular extracts. As expected, a single form of enolase was resolved from extracts of the mutant cell. Immunological and electrophoretic analyses of the multiple forms of enolase confirm that two enolase genes are expressed in wild type cells and that isozymes are formed in the cell by random assortment of the two polypeptides into three active enolase dimers. The yeast enolase loci have been designated ENO1 and ENO2. The deletion mutant lacks the enolase 1 polypeptide confirming that this polypeptide is encoded by the gene isolated on peno46. The intracellular steady state concentrations of the two polypeptides are dependent on the carbon source used to propagate the cells. Log phase cells grown on glucose contain 20-fold more enolase 2 polypeptide than enolase 1 polypeptide, whereas cells grown on ethanol or glycerol plus lactate contain similar amounts of the two polypeptides. The 20-fold higher than in cells grown on the nonfermentable carbon sources. In vitro translation of total cellular RNA suggests that the steady state concentrations of the two enolase mRNAs in cells grown on different carbon sources are proportional to the steady state concentrations of the respective enolase polypeptides.
Meta-Models are models too (2003)

This article introduces multi-formalism modelling and meta-modelling to facilitate computer assisted modelling and simulation of complex systems. To aid in the automatic generation of multi-formalism modelling and simulation tools, formalisms are modelled in their own right, at a metalevel, within an appropriate formalism. This approach is implemented in the interactive tool ATOM/sup 3/ (A Tool for Multi-formalism Meta-Modelling). This tool is used to describe formalisms commonly used in the simulation of dynamical systems, as well as to generate custom tools to process (create, edit, simulate, etc.) models expressed in the corresponding formalism. ATOM/sup 3/ relies on graph rewriting techniques to perform the transformations (modelled as graph grammars) between formalisms as well as for other tasks, such as code generation or simulator specification. The finite state automata (FSA) formalism is used to demonstrate the concepts of meta-modelling as well as model transformation (in particular, simulation of FSA models). The issue of a neutral model exchange and re-use format is addressed in the context of meta-modelling. Core XML is proposed as a standard external format. Thanks to the power of the meta-modelling approach, DTD, XMLSchema, and XSLT specifications may be replaced by models, externally represented in core XML, in appropriate formalisms (entity relationship for syntax and graph grammar for transformation respectively).
An Action Threshold for Management of the Pepper Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Bell Peppers (1990)

Action thresholds for the management of pepper weevil (Anthonomus eugenii Cano) on bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) were compared in three studies in spring and fall 1987. In small plot tests, insecticide applied for weevil control when 5% of bud clusters were damaged resulted in reduced fruit and bud damage, higher yield, and improved net economic returns compared with a threshold of one adult per 100 bud clusters or weekly insecticide applications. The threshold of one adult per 100 bud clusters provided better yields than weekly insecticide applications; however, this threshold was not as sensitive to weevil activity as the damage-based threshold and was not satisfactory when weevil populations were large. When compared in a commercial pepper field, damage-based thresholds of 1 and 5% damaged bud clusters provided marketable yields similar to calendar-based spray programs with a reduction of up to 10 sprays per season under light weevil pressure. Weevil damage in bud clusters was significantly correlated with adult counts; therefore, damage can serve as a practical index of weevil activity.
Subspace analysis and optimization for AAM based face alignment (2004)

Active appearance models (AAM) is very powerful for extracting objects, e.g. faces, from images. It is composed of two parts: the AAM subspace model and the AAM search. While these two parts are closely correlated, existing efforts treated them separately and had not considered how to optimize them overall. In this paper, an approach is proposed to optimize the subspace model while considering the search procedure. We first perform a subspace error analysis, and then to minimize the AAM error we propose an approach which optimizes the subspace model according to the search procedure. For the subspace error analysis, we decomposed the subspace error into two parts, which are introduced by the subspace model and the search procedure respectively. This decomposition shows that the optimal results of AAM can be achieved only by optimizing both of them jointly rather than separately. Furthermore, based on this error decomposition, we develop a method to find the optimal subspace model according to the search procedure by considering both the two decomposed errors. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can find the optimal AAM subspace model rapidly and improve the performance of AAM significantly.
Radio-frequency plugging of a high density plasma (1978)

Mirror end loss can be suppressed by applying an rf field at the mirror throat through low impedance coils. This method is verified to be effective for a high density plasma up to 1014 cm−3. Experimental results show that the rf field strength required for the plugging is dependent on the plasma density. The dependence differs according to the geometry of the coil. The mechanism of giving the density dependence is theoretically clarified for each coil. Particularly, it is shown that the electric field induced in the direction of the static magnetic field is intrinsic for the result of type-III coil where its efficiency for rf plugging is insensitive to the plasma density.
Potential starter/generator technologies for future aerospace applications (1997)

This paper presents a search and comparative review of the literature available on variable speed constant frequency (VSCF) technologies. In particular, most of the progress made in the past ten years, using power electronics and electric machines for VSCF systems, is reported. Two VSCF systems, based on induction and switched reluctance machine technologies are presented. The research on the singly- and doubly-fed induction machines has focused on VSCF for wind power generation, whereas that on switched reluctance machines has been directly studied as a VSCF technology in aircraft systems. Results obtained so far favor the switched reluctance machine over the induction machine. Based on the foregoing comparative review, it is recommended that the induction machine be fully investigated as a VSCF drive for aircraft systems. The findings should then be compared with the counterpart SRM system. Issues of comparison may include fault tolerance and redundancy, power density, torque requirements, overload ratings, temperature range and cooling, efficiency and stability over expected operating speed range.
Development and Kilogram-Scale Synthesis of a D<sub>2</sub>/5-HT<sub>2A</sub> Receptor Dual Antagonist (±)-SIPI 6360 (2016)

The kilogram-scale synthesis of a D2/5-HT2A receptor dual antagonist (±)-SIPI 6360 was developed as an alternative treatment for schizophrenia. Specifically, three conditions were modified and optimized, including the Vilsmeier conditions, to prepare quinoline 3. In addition, the palladium-catalyzed hydrogenation was modified to synthesize dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one 5, and the reduction of β-chloroamide was altered to form 3-chloropropanamine 8. Ultimately these improvements led to the preparation of a 1.5 kg of (±)-SIPI 6360 batch in eight steps with an overall yield of 34% and purity of 99.8%.
Environmental noise reduction means of weapons (2008)

Noise from hand-held weapons is generated by their muzzle blast, the noise of the bullet in flight and on impact. The muzzle blast of almost all powder guns exceeds 140 dB near the ear of the shooter, which is considered to be able to generate a risk of hearing defects. The muzzle brake decreases recoil, but at the same time it forces the sound sideways and backwards. One novel aspect of noise attenuation is the use of active noise cancelling system at shooting ranges and in hearing protectors. The noise data has been collected on different shooting ranges in Finland. Both front and reflection types of suppressors were used. Silencers that attenuate noise to the sides and back have a significant effect, where as the noise to the front is not significantly attenuated because of the bullet noise. It is also possible to reach an attenuation of a few decibels of the maximum level of the muzzle blast with ANC headsets. The noise created by shotguns is the most significant source of environmental noise at many shooting ranges. It would be especially important to attain new ideas and innovations in the noise prevention of shotgun ranges.
EXCELLENT OUTCOME OF RENAL TRANSPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH FABRY???S DISEASE (2000)

Despite their high risk for cardiovascular complications, patients with Fabry's disease have excellent outcomes after renal transplantation.
Simple protocol for secondary school hands‐on activity: Electrophoresis of pre‐stained nucleic acids on agar‐agar borate gels (2004)

An extremely simple, inexpensive, and safe method is presented, which emulates nucleic acids isolation and electrophoretic analysis as performed in a research environment, in the context of a secondary school hands-on activity. The protocol is amenable to an interdisciplinary approach, taking into consideration the electrical and chemical parameters of the electrophoretic system. Furthermore, the laboratory is framed in a more comprehensive pedagogical setting, which addresses the methodological aspects of a pivotal scientific enterprise such as the Human Genome Project. In this setting, the hands-on activity is complemented with animations, paper models, and discussions. Additionally, our results indicate that the use of borate buffer and agar-agar gels suits many of the experiments included in college-level laboratory activities, which currently make use of more expensive agarose gels and TBE or TAE buffers.
Early‐Warning Signals for Critical Temperature Transitions (2020)

Abstract Critical transitions of the state variable (temperature) in dynamic climate systems often lead to catastrophic consequence, whereas the effort to reverse the transitions usually lags behind. However, these transitions are characterized by the slowing down of recovery from perturbations, carrying early‐warning signals that can be used to predict system bifurcation. In this study, we employ the conceptual framework of pitchfork bifurcation and analyze the early‐warning signals in temperature time series for critical slowing down prior to both the early 20th century global warming and heat waves. We also investigate the urban signature in these heat waves. The emergence of early‐warning signals before heat waves provides new insights into the underlying mechanisms (e.g., possible feedback via land‐atmosphere interactions). In particular, given the increasing frequency and intensity of heat extremes, the results will facilitate the design of countermeasures to reserve the tipping and restore the resilience of climate systems.
Synthesis and Structure of the Copper(II) Complex of a Chiral Bis(dihydrooxazole) Ligand (1991)

Abstract The bridged bis(dihydrooxazole) compound (−)‐ 2 and its silylated derivative (−)‐ 3 have been synthesised as building blocks for chiral ligands. The complex of (−)‐ 3 with Cu II has been obtained, and its crystal structure has been determined. The Cu II ion is bound to two deprotonated ligands in a twisted tetracoordinated geometry.
Temperature-sensitive mutations in the bacteriophage Mu c repressor locate a 63-amino-acid DNA-binding domain (1991)

Phage Mu's c gene product is a cooperative regulatory protein that binds to a large, complex, tripartite 184-bp operator. To probe the mechanism of repressor action, we isolated and characterized 13 phage mutants that cause Mu to undergo lytic development when cells are shifted from 30 to 42 degrees C. This collection contained only four mutations in the repressor gene, and all were clustered near the N terminus. The cts62 substitution of R47----Q caused weakened specific DNA recognition and altered cooperativity in vitro. A functional repressor with only 63 amino acids of Mu repressor fused to a C-terminal fragment of beta-galactosidase was constructed. This chimeric protein was an efficient repressor, as it bound specifically to Mu operator DNA in vitro and its expression conferred Mu immunity in vivo. A DNA looping model is proposed to explain regulation of the tripartite operator site and the highly cooperative nature of repressor binding.