gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compressive sampling and wavelet-based multi-view image compression scheme (2012)

A multi-view image codec using a disparity compensated lifting based wavelet transform and ‘compressive sampling (CS)’ is presented. The input images are de-correlated into their sub-bands, using disparity compensated view filtering lifting based wavelet transforms. A wavelet transform is then applied to the baseband view, de-composing it into its sub-bands. High-frequency sub-bands are separately hard threshold. Wavelet-weights for high-frequency sub-bands are calculated and used to adjust threshold values for different sub-bands. The CS algorithm is then employed to generate measurements for each resulting sub-band. In the decoder side, the Basis Pursuit method is used to recover the high-frequency sub-bands. Results indicate that the proposed codec significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art CS-based multi-view image codecs.
Kepler Data Release 3 Notes (2010)

This describes the collection of data and the processing done on it so when researchers around the world get the Kepler data sets (which are a set of pixels from the telescope of a particular target (star, galaxy or whatever) over a 3 month period) they can adjust their algorithms fro things that were done (like subtracting all of one particular wavelength for example). This is used to calibrate their own algorithms so that they know what it is they are starting with. It is posted so that whoever is accessing the publicly available data (not all of it is made public) can understand it .. (most of the Kepler data is under restriction for 1 - 4 years and is not available, but the handbook is for everyone (public and restricted) The Data Analysis Working Group have released long and short cadence materials, including FFls and Dropped Targets for the Public. The Kepler Science Office considers Data Release 3 to provide "browse quality" data. These notes have been prepared to give Kepler users of the Multimission Archive at STScl (MAST) a summary of how the data were collected and prepared, and how well the data processing pipeline is functioning on flight data. They will be updated for each release of data to the public archive and placed on MAST along with other Kepler documentation, at http:// archive.stsci.edu/kepler/documents.html .Data release 3 is meant to give users the opportunity to examine the data for possibly interesting science and to involve the users in improving the pipeline for future data releases. To perform the latter service, users are encouraged to notice and document artifacts, either in the raw or processed data, and report them to the Science Office.
Polymeric Nanoparticles for Enhancing Antiretroviral Drug Therapy (2008)

There is a surge of interest internationally in the study of nanoparticles for enhancing antiretroviral (ARV) drug therapy. This paper presents a comprehensive review on polymeric nanoparticles for ARV drug therapy. Their main applications for targeting to macrophages and the brain, as well as other studies on modifications to enhance drug loading, decrease toxicity, and also to increase drug absorption are reviewed. The physicochemical characterization properties and their in vitro/in vivo performances are summarized. Further studies that need to be undertaken for formulation optimization are also identified. This review highlights the significant potential that nanoparticles have for the future effective treatment of HIV/AIDS patients on ARV drug therapy.
Novel Synthesis of Nay Zeolite from Rice Husk Silica: Modification with Zno and Zns for Antibacterial Application (2016)

Zeolite Y in the sodium form (NaY) was synthesized using amorphous silica ash derived from waste rice husks under hydrothermal conditions. Structural characterization of NaY before and after modification with ZnO and ZnS has been done using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N2 adsorption-desorption at -196 °C, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The effects of the Na2O/SiO2 and Si/Al ratios, aging temperature and crystallization time on the optimized synthesis of NaY were thoroughly investigated. Thus the regulated Na+ impurity concentration in the starting hydrogel was found to act as a template-assisted synthesis of zeolite NaY by the potential incorporation of Al atoms into the zeolite framework. Results of surface analyses indicate that the interactions of ZnO and ZnS with NaY zeolite are distinguishable and thus the higher interaction is observed for the latter. While ZnII has experienced electrostatic bonding interaction with the framework oxygen atoms, creation of mesopores in NaY due to local destruction of the zeolite lattice around the growing ZnS particles was evidenced. Wonderfully, ZnS/NaY exhibited a high performance in prohibiting the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and negligible from P. Aeruginosa, and these important features make it a potential candidate as an antimicrobial agent for controlling implant-related infections.
Heme Concentration Dependence and Metalloporphyrin Inhibition of the System I and II Cytochrome<i>c</i>Assembly Pathways (2006)

Studies have indicated that specific heme delivery to apocytochrome c is a critical feature of the cytochrome c biogenesis pathways called system I and II. To determine directly the heme requirements of each system, including whether other metal porphyrins can be incorporated into cytochromes c, we engineered Escherichia coli so that the natural system I (ccmABCDEFGH) was deleted and exogenous porphyrins were the sole source of porphyrins (Delta hemA). The engineered E. coli strains that produced recombinant system I (from E. coli) or system II (from Helicobacter) facilitated studies of the heme concentration dependence of each system. Using this exogenous porphyrin approach, it was shown that in system I the levels of heme used are at least fivefold lower than the levels used in system II, providing an important advantage for system I. Neither system could assemble holocytochromes c with other metal porphyrins, suggesting that the attachment mechanism is specific for Fe protoporphyrin. Surprisingly, Zn and Sn protoporphyrins are potent inhibitors of the pathways, and exogenous heme competes with this inhibition. We propose that the targets are the heme binding proteins in the pathways (CcmC, CcmE, and CcmF for system I and CcsA for system II).
New treatment targets in ankylosing spondylitis and other spondyloarthritides (2011)

IL-6, IL-17, IL-12/23 and, to a latter extend, B-cells are the most promising new targets in the treatment of AS and other SpAs.
Using luminosity data as a proxy for economic statistics (2011)

A pervasive issue in social and environmental research has been how to improve the quality of socioeconomic data in developing countries. Given the shortcomings of standard sources, the present study examines luminosity (measures of nighttime lights visible from space) as a proxy for standard measures of output (gross domestic product). We compare output and luminosity at the country level and at the 1° latitude × 1° longitude grid-cell level for the period 1992-2008. We find that luminosity has informational value for countries with low-quality statistical systems, particularly for those countries with no recent population or economic censuses.
<title>Generation of synthetic satellite data with OMEGA</title> (1994)

Satellite data retrieval algorithms almost always involve a large degree of model or simulation input. As an example, the satellite might provide a radiance or transmittance measurement that has to be unfolded to provide temperature or mass density. In order to convert transmittance into mass density, the operator must make some assumptions on the mass extinction coefficient and particle size distribution. These assumptions are often based upon climatological averages or upon simulation results. The Operational Multiscale Environment model with Grid Adaptivity (OMEGA) is a new atmospheric simulation system that merges state-of-the-art computational fluid dynamics techniques with a comprehensive non-hydrostatic equation set that includes both explicit and parameterized microphysics. OMEGA is based upon an unstructured triangular prism grid that permits a horizontal grid resolution ranging from 100 km down to 1 km and a vertical resolution from a few tens of meters in the boundary layer to 1 km in the free troposphere. OMEGA also contains an embedded aerosol transport algorithm that permits the simulation at high resolution of the transport and diffusion of either grid based aerosols or of Lagrangian parcels. OMEGA represents a significant advance in the field of weather prediction and aerosol transport. Current operational forecast models are scale- specific and have a limit to their resolution caused by their fixed rectangular grid structure. OMEGA, on the other hand, is naturally scale spanning and its unstructured grid permits the addition of grid elements at any point in space and time. This means that OMEGA can readily adapt its grid to fixed surface or terrain features, or dynamic features in the evolving weather. This feature also makes OMEGA a useful tool for satellite data retrieval and for the generation of synthetic satellite data. Synthetic satellite data is generated by recognizing that it is easier, in some ways, to simulate the performance of a sensor using the simulated environment and the sensor characteristics than to extract environmental information from the sensor data. This technique has been applied to generate simulated radar data as well as to produce a simulated photograph of an isolated cloud where the primary discrimination was the color contrast provided by the obscuration of the blue diffuse backscattered illumination by the cloud. The flexible grid adaptivity of OMEGA permits the accurate simulation of the satellite field of view thereby reducing the beam-filling problem that can cause major discrepancies in the data retrieval algorithm. Given the interaction of the model forecast and the data retrieval, the very high resolution forecasts possible with OMEGA also could improve existing retrieval algorithms. In this paper, we will present an overview of our concept of an analog sensor (or synthetic satellite data generation), and how the unique simulation capabilities of OMEGA factor into this concept.
Changes in metabolic profile and defense systems in lichen microalgae with different desiccation tolerance (2020)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior
A compliance framework for business processes based on URN (2007)

Compliance with institutional policies, government regulations and applicable legislation is a major concern for any organization when defining its business processes. These regulations are usually complex, hard to understand, and they rarely come with a model or taxonomy. As well, both business processes and regulations are susceptible to change with the potential of introducing non-compliance. This thesis presents a framework that intends to help companies track compliance by leveraging requirements engineering models. Compliance is managed by establishing links between User Requirements Notation (URN) models of government legislation and organizational business process and tracking how they are affected in a requirements management system. Special attention is paid to maintaining compliance as either the legislation or business processes evolve over time. The framework is evaluated by way of a case study from the healthcare industry. The case study centres on the approval process implemented to control access to a data warehouse at a major Ontario hospital and whether or not this process complies with relevant legislation and hospital guidelines. The relevant legislation in Ontario is the new provincial Personal Health Information Privacy Act (PHIPA).
Introduction (2013)

Extract In Volume One of The Crisis of Genocide we set out the historical and geographical parameters of a sequence of European and near-European genocides, or genocidal violence, spanning the period 1912–53. In the Introduction to Volume One we spelt out why this incidence was most prevalent and persistent in regions at the edge of the ‘advanced’ nation states of the western parts of the Continent and more precisely in the western rim of what had been the great ‘world’ empires of Russia, Austria, and Ottomania. From 1912 onwards, beginning with the interstate conflicts in the Balkans, these empires began to buckle under the strains of what rapidly turned into the Great War, precipitating, in each case, internal collapse from late 1917 to the end of 1918. The ensuing chaos throughout the collapsed imperial polities is a well-known story. What we sought to demonstrate in Volume One, however, was how something...
Analysis of Emotion Pattern for Game Player on Quest System : Towards of Tutorial Mode in Mabinogi Game (2010)

The purpose of this research is to analyze players' emotion pattern for conducting a quest in Role Playing Game(RPG). We have rebuilt up the action and content of gameplay related to category to set up five action classes of game players based on the literature review about the human behavior classification. Moreover, Mabinogi game includes the composition of various quests by story-centered expanse. We classified the quest structure of the tutorial mode, initial state, of its game into the cognitive action. We build the model of the correlation between cognitive behavior patterns of gameplay and emotions derived from targeting ten novices. The result of this research reveals that gameplayers' stimulus levels are identified to emotion pattern. It is enable to grope to concrete the design of the quest and the level in a specified state. Moreover, players' emotion variation is indicated to the type of expression of fun elements. We expect to use a device to induce the curiousness and the challenge for conducting the higher goal of game in the whole.
Specific binding sites for 3,3′‐diiodo‐<scp>l</scp>‐thyronine (3,3′‐T<sub>2</sub>) in rat liver mitochondria (1994)

Specific binding sites for 3,3'-T2 can be detected in swollen and osmotically treated mitochondria (OTM) from normal and hypothyroid rat liver. In hypothyroid animals, maximal values of binding were obtained at 0 degrees C while values were lower at 37 degrees C and no specific binding could be observed at 60 degrees C. Binding was maximal at pH 6.4 and the mean values for the apparent association constant (Ka) and the binding capacity were on average 0.5 x 10(8) M-1 and 2.4 pmol/mg mitochondrial protein, respectively. No differences were observed between normal and hypothyroid rats with the exception of the capacity that was higher in normal animals (5.5 pmol/mg mitochondrial protein). The specificity of 3,3'-T2 binding, examined in competition studies, followed this order: 3,3'-T2 > 3,5-T2 > rT3. The other iodothyronines (3',5'-T2, T3, T4, 3-T1, 3'-T1, 3,5-Diac and 3,3'-Diac) showed only a small competition or none at all.
Predictions of Endwall Losses and Secondary Flows in Axial Flow Turbine Cascades (1987)

This paper describes the development of a semi-empirical model for estimating end-wall losses. The model has been developed from improved understanding of complex endwall secondary flows, acquired through review of flow visualization and pressure loss data for axial flow turbomachine cascades. The flow visualization data together with detailed measurements of viscous flow development through cascades have permitted more realistic interpretation of the classical secondary flow theories for axial turbomachine cascades. The re-interpreted secondary flow theories together with integral boundary layer concepts are used to formulate a calculation procedure for predicting losses due to the endwall secondary flows. The proposed model is evaluated against data from published literature and improved agreement between the data and predictions is demonstrated.
Carbon Footprint of Nations: A Global, Trade-Linked Analysis (2009)

Processes causing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions benefit humans by providing consumer goods and services. This benefit, and hence the responsibility for emissions, varies by purpose or consumption category and is unevenly distributed across and within countries. We quantify greenhouse gas emissions associated with the final consumption of goods and services for 73 nations and 14 aggregate world regions. We analyze the contribution of 8 categories: construction, shelter, food, clothing, mobility, manufactured products, services, and trade. National average per capita footprints vary from 1 tCO2e/y in African countries to approximately 30/y in Luxembourg and the United States. The expenditure elasticity is 0.57. The cross-national expenditure elasticity for just CO2, 0.81, corresponds remarkably well to the cross-sectional elasticities found within nations, suggesting a global relationship between expenditure and emissions that holds across several orders of magnitude difference. On the global level, 72% of greenhouse gas emissions are related to household consumption, 10% to government consumption, and 18% to investments. Food accounts for 20% of GHG emissions, operation and maintenance of residences is 19%, and mobility is 17%. Food and services are more important in developing countries, while mobility and manufactured goods rise fast with income and dominate in rich countries. The importance of public services and manufactured goods has not yet been sufficiently appreciated in policy. Policy priorities hence depend on development status and country-level characteristics.
Patrones de interacción familiar y su repetición en las relaciones de pareja (1996)

Crecer como miembro femenino de una sociedad no es facil, y crecer en un hogar caotico y disfuncional puede generar algunos patrones patalogicos en la conducta de una mujer. Uno de ellos puede ser el repetir el estilo de interaccion, aprendido cuando nina, en sus relaciones de pareja.
Breakthrough of the Year (2003)

Toward the end of each year, Science's Editorial and News staffs get together for several meetings devoted to a single purpose: deciding what scientific advances made in this calendar year deserve recognition as Breakthrough of the Year (see also “Signaling Breakthroughs of the Year” in Science's STKE in January 2004). The Breakthrough meetings give us a chance to broaden our focus from this week's results to a whole year's output from the global research enterprise. It's always a daunting prospect, and not surprisingly, the meetings stimulate lively disagreements. We get to pick more winners than just the “Breakthrough”: There are runners-up, and spirited discussions ensue about which areas, though perhaps premature at the moment, bear watching for the future. Livelier still is the nomination process for “Breakdowns”: Each year brings us a few disasters or disappointments that can provoke as much discussion as the big winners.
A Diagnostic Study of Pacific Basin Circulation Regimes as Determined from Extratropical Cyclone Tracks (1989)

The interannual and intraseasonal track variability of cold season extratropical cyclones in the Pacific basin is examined using an 8 year cyclone track dataset. An EOF technique incorporating VARIMAX rotation in time is used to objectively describe the regime nature of the variations. Based upon this analysis we conclude that the cyclone behavior can be classified into six major regime types, corresponding to the positive and negative amplitude excursions of each of the first three rotated EOFS. Each of these rotated EOFs explains approximately equal fractions of the total variance. A study of the cyclone tracks for individual extreme periods confirms the existence of times where each of these patterns dominate. The average 500 mb height fields for these extreme periods have been examined and are generally consistent with the cyclone track anomalies. The resultant regime description shows strong interannual variability; however, there appears to be little obvious correlation with the ENSO signal, suggesting that a significant fraction of the interannual variability may be generated within the middle and high latitudes.
Syntheses and properties of aromatic polyamides and polyimides based on<i>N</i>‐phenyl‐3,3‐bis[4‐(<i>p</i>‐aminophenoxy) phenyl] phthalimidine (1994)

Abstract N ‐Phenyl‐3,3‐Bis[4‐( p ‐aminophenoxy)phenyl] phthalimidine ( II ) was used as a monomer with various aromatic dicarboxylic acids and tetracarboxylic dianhydrides to synthesize polyamides and polyimides, respectively. The diamine II was derived by a nucleophilic substitution of N ‐phenyl‐3,3‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl) phthalimidine with p ‐chloronitrobenzene in the presence of K 2 CO 3 and then hydro‐reduced. Polyamides IV a‐g having inherent viscosities of 0.55–1.64 dL/g were prepared by the direct polycondensation of the diamine II with various aromatic diacids using triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensing agents. All the aromatic polyamides were amorphous and readily soluble in various polar solvents such as N,N ‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N,N ‐dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP). Transparent and flexible films of these polymers could be cast from the DMAc solutions. These aromatic polyamides had glass transition temperatures in the range of 293–319°C and 10% weight loss occurred up to 480°C. The polyimides were synthesized from diamine II and various aromatic dianhydrides via the two‐stage procedure that included ring‐opening polyaddition in DMAc to give poly(amic acid)s, followed by thermal or chemical conversion to polyimides. Most of the aromatic polyimides obtained by chemical cyclization were found to be soluble in NMP, m ‐cresol, and o ‐chlorophenol. These polyimides showed almost no weight loss up to 500°C in air or nitrogen atmosphere. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
연구논문 : 하이난의 관광이미지가 방문객의 만족과 행동의도에 미치는 영향 (2011)

The acceleration of globalization has increased the opportunities for growth in the tourism industry. The image of a tourist destination, an intangible asset, is one of the most important factors that influence a tourist`s decision to visit a destination. Tourists evaluate a destination based on factors such as comfort or discomfort and satisfaction or dissatisfaction experienced during their stay. This study examined the impact of tourist image on the satisfaction and behavior of Chinese tourists in Hainan Province, China. The results showed several things. First, there were not any significant differences for satisfaction in terms of demographic characteristics of the sample. Second, unlike demographic characteristics, there were differences in tourist satisfaction in terms of characteristics of the trip. Third, the three influential factors of emotional image (happiness, comfort, and attractiveness) have been found to have a positive impact on the visitor satisfaction level. Fourth, the three influential factors of the cognitive images (tourist environment, economic environment, and regional environment) have also been found to positively influence the level of visitor satisfaction. Fifth, visitor satisfaction with regional festivals was believed to positively influence behavioral intentions.