gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aliphatic Organo-functional Siloxanes<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAliphatic Organo-functional Siloxanes1L. H. Sommer, R. P. Pioch, N. S. Marans, G. M. Goldberg, J. Rockett, and J. KerlinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 12, 2932–2934Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01108a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01108a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views233Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparative study of MeV C+ and C2+ ion implantation in GaAs(100): Surface roughness and evaluation of lattice strain (2003)

GaAs(100) single crystal substrates have been implanted with 1.00 MeV C+ and 2.00 MeV C2+ at various ion doses. The surface topography and roughness of the implanted surfaces are studied by atomic force microscopy and x-ray reflectometry. Above a threshold dose, production of surface defects is observed, which results in an overall increase of the rms roughness parameter. The enhanced rms roughnesses induced by monomer and by dimer ions at a given dose are comparable. The influence of C+ and C2+ irradiations on the change of lattice parameter in GaAs, and the effect of thermal annealing, are examined by high-resolution x-ray diffraction. For the as-implanted specimens, an increase of the lattice constant, caused by the accumulation of implantation-induced point defects, has been observed and quantified. Thermal treatment of the implantation damage stimulates an almost complete recovery of the primary defects, leaving the crystal practically free from any lattice strain. The electrical characteristics of the C+ and C2+ implantations are also briefly presented and discussed.
First light on EBL2 (2017)

TNO is building EBL2 as a publicly accessible test facility for EUV lithography related development of photomasks, pellicles, optics, and other components requiring EUV exposure. EBL2 consists of a EUV Beam Line, a XPS system, and sample handling infrastructure. Recently we finished installation of the source, exposure chamber, handlers and XPS system. This paper describes the integration process and first light of the EUV source. EBL2 accepts a wide range of sample sizes, including EUV masks with or without pellicles. All types of samples will be loaded using a standard dual pod interface. EUV masks returned from EBL2 will retain their NXE compatibility to facilitate wafer printing on scanners after exposure in EBL2. The Beam Line provides high intensity EUV irradiation from a Sn-fueled EUV source from Ushio. EUV intensity, spectrum, and repetition rate are all adjustable. The XPS system is now operational and accepts samples up to reticle size.
<i>Pythium insidiosum</i> keratitis in an Australian child (2009)

A 3-year-old girl from the Northern Territory developed suppurative keratitis after swimming in pools. A mycelial organism suspected to be Pythium insidiosum was cultured. Treatment with polyhexamethylene biguanide and voriconazole for 5 days was unsuccessful, and a corneal graft was performed. The infection was cleared and when last seen 14 months after surgery the patient had a stable graft and useful vision. The identification of the organism was confirmed by rRNA gene sequencing. P. insidiosum is an oomycete, an organism more closely related to kelp than to fungi. Masses of hyphae were seen in sections and, for the first time, the ultrastructure of P. insidiosum in human tissue is described. The staining characteristics of cultured hyphae were assessed; lactofuchsin and acridine orange were found to be the most useful methods. Although the diagnosis of P. insidiosum keratitis is not difficult, and the organism is susceptible in vitro to a number of antimicrobial agents, early corneal transplantation remains the treatment of choice.
STEROIDAL SAPOGENINS. XX. CONFIGURATION OF SPIROKETAL SIDE CHAIN AT CARBON 22<sup>1</sup> (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSTEROIDAL SAPOGENINS. XX. CONFIGURATION OF SPIROKETAL SIDE CHAIN AT CARBON 221Manroe E. Wall and Samuel SerotaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 10, 2850–2852Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01639a087https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01639a087research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and characterization of new soluble polyesters derived from various cardo bisphenols by solution polycondensation (2000)

A series of new polyesters was prepared from terephthaloyl (or isophthaloyl) chloride acid with various cardo bisphenols on solution polycondensation in nitrobenzene using pyridine as hydrogen chloride quencher at 150 °C. These polyesters were produced with inherent viscosities of 0.32–0.49 dL · g−1. Most of these polyesters exhibited excellent solubility in a variety of solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, tetrachloroethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, m-cresol, and o-chlorophenol. The polyesters containing cardo groups including diphenylmethylene, tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decyl, tert-butylcyclohexyl, phenylcyclohexyl, and cyclododecyl groups exhibited better solubility than bisphenol A–based polyesters. These polymers showed glass transition temperatures (Tg's) between 185 °C and 243 °C and decomposition temperatures at 10% weight loss ranging from 406 °C to 472 °C in nitrogen. These cardo polyesters exhibited higher Tg's and better solubility than bisphenol A-based polyesters. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 4451–4456, 2000
Sequential classification of spherical acoustic objects in motion (2002)

An important problem in active sonar is the classification of objects from their returned scattered acoustic pressure field. Since in active sonar the insonifying waveform is usually broadband the received pressure is processed by matched filtering. After matched filtering an object's spectrum often contains sufficient information for classification. However, when objects are similar motion modifies their spectra enough so that the probability of false classification increases. In this paper the object's motion is first extracted and then sequential classification proceeds based on its measured fourth-order cumulant spectrum for each active sonar return and known fourth-order cumulant spectra of objects with similar velocity. The fourth-order cumulant spectrum is used because of its unique properties of noise suppression and feature extraction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Application of evidence‐based dentistry: from research to clinical periodontal practice (2012)

Dentists need to make daily decisions regarding patient care, and these decisions should essentially be scientifically sound. Evidence-based dentistry is meant to empower clinicians to provide the most contemporary treatment. The benefits of applying the evidence-based method in clinical practice include application of the most updated treatment and stronger reasoning to justify the treatment. A vast amount of information is readily accessible with today's digital technology, and a standardized search protocol can be developed to ensure that a literature search is valid, specific and repeatable. It involves developing a preset question (population, intervention, comparison and outcome; PICO) and search protocol. It is usually used academically to perform commissioned reviews, but it can also be applied to answer simple clinical queries. The scientific evidence thus obtained can then be considered along with patient preferences and values, clinical patient circumstances and the practitioner's experience and judgment in order to make the treatment decision. This paper describes how clinicians can incorporate evidence-based methods into patient care and presents a clinical example to illustrate the process.
Randomized Speedup of the Bellman-Ford Algorithm (2011)

We describe a variant of the Bellman-Ford algorithm for single-source shortest paths in graphs with negative edges but no negative cycles that randomly permutes the vertices and uses this randomized order to process the vertices within each pass of the algorithm. The modification reduces the worst-case expected number of relaxation steps of the algorithm, compared to the previously-best variant by Yen (1970), by a factor of 2/3 with high probability. We also use our high probability bound to add negative cycle detection to the randomized algorithm.
Photodeflection spectroscopy of ion-implanted silicon (1987)

The method of photodeflection spectroscopy is used in a study of silicon single crystals implanted with bismuth, iron, and indium ions of 25 keV energy. This method was found to be suitable for monitoring the recovery of the crystal structure of the implanted samples as a result of electron annealing. The dependence of the amplitude of the photodeflection signal on the implanted indium ion dose was determined in the range 5×1011–5×1015 cm−2. The sensitivity limit of the method in respect of the minimum detectable implanted dose was 2×1012 cm−2. A comparison was made of the results of investigations carried out by the methods of photodeflection spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering of light ions.
The performance of a 20 GHz broadband optical receiver using a distributed amplifier and p-i-n photodiode combination (1996)

A novel high speed photodetector-amplifier combination has been fabricated by using a distributed amplifier and p-i-n photodiode. The experimental results shows that a 3 dB bandwidth of 20 GHz with 13 dB gain was achieved with measured input equivalent noise current around 20 pA/(Hz)1/2 in a band over 2 to 18 GHz. (4 pages)
Primary and Secondary Frequency Support by a Multi-Agent Demand Control System (2014)

Decentralized demand control can help to ensure the balance between electricity demand and supply. In this paper, a multi-agent demand control system is proposed where residential demand is controlled to provide spinning reserves. With the proposed control framework, an aggregator of dynamic demand is able to control the consumption and the response on frequency changes of a cluster of loads. The primary frequency support by the cluster of loads can emulate the primary control of a conventional generator. The total customer welfare remains maximal during the frequency support by applying utility functions for each device.
Expression of the Costimulatory Receptor CD30 Is Regulated by Both CD28 and Cytokines (1998)

Costimulation was originally defined and characterized during primary T cell activation. The signaling events that regulate subsequent antigen encounters by T cells are less well defined. In this study we examined the role of CD30 in T cell activation and defined factors that regulate expression of CD30 on T cells. We demonstrate that CD30 expression is restricted to activated T cells and regulated by CD28 signal transduction. In contrast to CD28-expressing TCR Tg cells, CD28-deficient TCR Tg cells did not express CD30 when cultured with peptide and APCs. However, rIL-4 reconstituted CD30 expression on CD28-deficient TCR Tg cells. Blockade of CD28 interactions or depletion of IL-4 inhibited the induction of CD30, suggesting that both CD28 and IL-4 play important roles in the induction of CD30 expression on wild-type cells. However, CD28 signaling did not up-regulate CD30 expression solely through its ability to augment IL-4 production because IL-4-deficient T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 expressed CD30. Induction of CD30 in the absence of IL-4 was not due to the IL-4-related cytokine IL-13. CD30, when expressed on an activated T cell, can act as a signal transducing receptor that enhances the proliferation of T cells responding to CD3 crosslinking. Collectively, the data suggest that T cell expression of CD30 is dependent on the presence of CD28 costimulatory signals or exogenous IL-4 during primary T cell activation. Once expressed on the cell surface, CD30 can serve as a positive regulator of mature T cell function.
Analysis of high PSA N-CAM expression during mammalian spinal cord and peripheral nervous system development (1991)

Using a monoclonal antibody that recognizes specifically a high polysialylated form of N-CAM (high PSA N-CAM), the temporal and spatial expression of this molecule was studied in developing spinal cord and neural crest derivatives of mouse truncal region. Temporal expression was analyzed on immunoblots of spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) extracts microdissected at different developmental stages. Analysis of the ratio of high PSA N-CAM to total N-CAM indicated that sialylation and desialylation are independently regulated from the expression of polypeptide chains of N-CAM. Motoneurons, dorsal root ganglia cells and commissural neurons present a homogeneous distribution of high PSA N-CAMs on both their cell bodies and their neurites. Sialylation of N-CAM can occur in neurons after their aggregation in peripheral ganglia as demonstrated for dorsal root ganglia at E12. Furthermore, peripheral ganglia express different levels of high PSA N-CAM. With in vitro models using mouse neural crest cells, we found that expression of high PSA N-CAM was restricted to cells presenting an early neuronal phenotype, suggesting a common regulation for the expression of high PSA N-CAM molecules, neurofilament proteins and sodium channels. Using perturbation experiments with endoneuraminidase, we confirmed that high PSA N-CAM molecules are involved in fasciculation and neuritic growth when neurons derived from neural crest grow on collagen substrata. However, we demonstrated that these two parameters do not appear to depend on high PSA N-CAM molecules when cells were grown on a fibronectin substratum, indicating the existence of a hierarchy among adhesion molecules.
Accelerating volume rendering with quantized voxels (2000)

We present here a new algorithm for accelerating volume rendering with an orthographic projection. Because volume rendering handles huge data sets, a reduction in the computational cost of voxel projection is required to obtain interactive volume rendering. We satisfy this issue by using the possibilities of orthographic projection that allows the quantization of voxel positions by subdividing the pixels. The same projection properties are given for all the voxels with the center falling within the same pixel subdivision. In contrast with classical algorithms that require several instructions to compute either the next traversed voxel or the next rasterized pixel, our method needs only one addition instruction and one addressing instruction that is sufficient to determine one projected pixel. Splatting can also have a decisive advantage of it. Our algorithm is well suited for low-end platforms when no hardware acceleration is available. Experimental results show that our rendering rate is better than other existing methods. This algorithm might allow obtaining real-time volume rendering on conventional computers soon.
Blastogenesis as an in vitro correlate of delayed hypersensitivity in guinea pigs infected with Listeria monocytogenes (1975)

Randomly bred guinea pigs of both sexes were injected intracardially with one-half a 50% lethal dose of Listeria monocytogenes. When these animals were skin tested with 30 mug of a water-soluble extract of sonically disrupted Listeria, animals had uniformly detectable levels of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) 6 days after infection. Histological examination of skin test reaction sites, after fixation in Helly fixative and Giemsa staining, revealed a classical tuberculin-type infiltrate consisting primarily of mononuclear cells with few polymorphonuclear cells. Many of the small vessels showed perivascular cuffing. When purified peritoneal exudate lymphocytes from these animals were cultured in vitro in the presence of various concentrations of Listeria antigen, it was fount that the optimal antigenic dose for specific antigen-induced incorporation of [3H]thymidine varied for individual animals. In contrast to the early onset of uniformly detectable levels of in vivo DTH, in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis was not uniformly demonstrable until 14 days postinfection and remained highly significant on days 21, 28, and 84 postinfection. At 7 days postinfection, lymphocytes from 7 of 17 animals were capable of undergoing sifnificant blastogenesis. The Listeria antigen preparation was not mitogenic for peritoneal exudate lymphocytes from normal animals. It was found that no direct correlation exists between the in vivo levels of DTH and in vitro blastogenesis. Cell donors showing significant in vitro blastogenesis nevertheless were also skin test positive for most animals tested. Humoral antibody was found to play no significant role in the immune response of guinea pigs to a primary infection with Listeria monocytogenes.
Suckling Mouse Cataract Agent (SMCA) in Mice (1968)

Summary Dams inoculated with SMCA as newborn mice subsequently confer complete protection against SMCA-induced cataract on their progeny. Several aspects of this “protection” were studied. The virus dose required to cause an infection resulting in protection of 100% of progeny was ≥104.0, similar to the dose required for maximal cataract induction. Foster nursing experiments in which litters were exchanged between SMCA-infected and normal dams revealed that complete protection against SMCA-induced cataract could be conferred by milk alone. The role of placentally acquired immunity was not clearly determined. A variety of mouse-lethal viruses were compared antigenically with SMCA by parallel titration in suckling mice born to SMCA-infected and normal dams. By this means the tick-borne virus isolate GT-48 was shown to be antigenically related to SMCA. This antigenic cross was shown to be reciprocal. No antigenic relationship was detected between SMCA and Powassan, Silverwater, Colorado tick fever, Sindbis, rabies, vesicular stomatitis, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, herpes simplex or pseudorabies viruses. As a further means of comparison with SMCA, the ability of several viruses to infect the suckling mouse eye following intracerebral inoculation was determined. All viruses studied, including GT-48, Powassan, Silverwater, Sindbis, rabies, vesicular stomatitis, Coxsackie B-5, herpes simplex and vaccinia virus, consistently infected the eye. In several cases titers of virus in the eye approximated those found in the brain. Hence, SMCA is not unique in its ability to replicate in the eye of the suckling mouse.
Chapitre III. Un cadre administratif : la réduction (1987)

Vers 1540, la colonisation espagnole dans la région reste très faible. Cette faiblesse n’est d’ailleurs pas une exception. Dans l’ensemble du nouvel empire, les ferments de divisions, ou de soulèvements, sont présents, et la Couronne peut légitimement craindre le pire pour ses nouvelles richesses. Les méthodes employées jusque-là ont certes permis de mettre théoriquement sous l’autorité de la Couronne espagnole de nombreuses terres nouvelles. Mais le passage de la conquête à la colonisation s...
Dependence of the Brillouin gain spectrum on linear strain distribution for optical time-domain reflectometer-type strain sensors (2002)

We theoretically derive the shape of the Brillouin gain spectrum, that is, the Briilouin backscattered-light power spectrum produced in an optical fiber under conditions of a strain distribution that changes linearly with a constant slope. The modeled measurement system is an optical time-domain reflectometer-type strain sensor system. The linear strain distribution is one of the fundamental distributions and is produced in, for example, a beam to which a concentrated load is applied. By analyzing a function that expresses the shape of the derived Brillouin gain spectrum, we show that the strain calculated from the frequency at which the spectrum has a peek value coincide. with that at the center of the effective pulsed light. In addition, the peak value and the full width at half maximum of the Brillouin gain spectrum are both influenced by the strain difference between the two ends of the effective pulse. We investigate this influence in detail and obtain the relationship between strain difference and strain measurement error.
EVALUATION OF A NEW GUARDRAIL TERMINAL (1972)

CRASH TESTS WERE UTILIZED TO TEST A GUARDRAIL TERMINAL FOR THE G4S OR G4W BARRIER. THE PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF THE TERMINAL ARE THE ANCHOR-CABLE-TO-END POST DETAIL AND BEAM END DESIGN THAT ENABLES IT TO REDIRECT ANGLE IMPACTS AND YET SAFELY BREAK AWAY FROM THE DIRECT IMPACT. THE TERMINAL CONSISTS OF A CABLE ATTACHED THROUGH A HOLE IN THE END POST THAT IS SET IN CONCRETE AND ACTS AS A BEAM. THE HOLE, LOCATED NEAR GRADE LEVEL, WEAKENS THE POST IN FLEXURE AND SHEAR FOR FORCES APPLIED ABOVE THE HOLE. HENCE, WHEN A VEHICLE STRIKES THE POST, IT BREAKS AT THE HOLE; THIS RELEASES THE CABLE AND THUS GREATLY DIMINISHES SPEARING FORCES THAT CAN DEVELOP IN THE BEAM. IN ADDITION, THE BEAM IS STIFFENED WITH A STEEL DIAPHRAGM OR LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE THAT SERVES AS A LOAD SPREADER TO FURTHER REDUCE THE POSSIBILITY OF BEAM-SPEARING DURING DIRECT-ON HITS. PRINCIPLES OF THE CONCEPT AND COMPONENT FUNCTIONS ARE SUMMARIZED.
cDNA Cloning (1990)

This chapter contains sections titled: How Many Clones are Required? Cloning Strategies First-strand Synthesis Second-strand Synthesis Preparation of the cDNA for Cloning Methylation of the cDNA Linker Kinase Reaction Test of Ligation Efficiency Ligation of the Phosphorylated Linkers to the cDNA EcoRI Digestion and Removal of Excess Linkers from the cDNA Size Fractionation of the Linkered cDNA Ligating Fragments into pUC Vectors Transformation of Host Bacteria Screening for Recombinant Phages and Plasmids References