gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stormflow chemistry in the Santa Ana River below Prado Dam and at the diversion downstream from Imperial Highway, southern California, 1995-98 (2000)

The Santa Ana River drains about 2,670 square miles of the densely populated coastal area of southern California, near Los Angeles. Almost all the flow in the river, more than 200,000 acre-feet annually, is diverted into ponds where it infiltrates and recharges underlying aquifers. About 2 million people are dependent on these aquifers for water supply. Stormflow in the Santa Ana River is considered a source of 'high-quality' water suitable for use as a source of ground-water recharge. To test this assumption, stormflow samples were collected at two locations--below Prado Dam and at the diversion point downstream from Imperial Highway--for 12 winter storms between 1995 and 1998. Nitrate concentrations decreased during stormflow from a median concentration of 7.8 milligrams per liter in base flow to concentrations less than 1 milligram per liter in some large storms. Concentrations of chemically reduced forms of nitrogen (nitrite, ammonia, and organic nitrogen) increased during stormflow and are the predominant forms of nitrogen in large stormflows. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations increased from a median concentration of 4.6 milligrams per liter in base flow to more than 20 milligrams per liter in some stormflows. Concentrations of DOC were especially high during the first storm of the rainy season, and large increases in DOC concentrations were measured even as a result of small early season storms that did not cause large increases in streamflow. DOC present during early season stormflow had less ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nanometers (UV254 ) per unit of carbon than did DOC from late season stormflows. DOC in water held in storage behind Prado Dam had the highest UV254 absorbance per unit of carbon. Maximum pesticide concentrations in stormflow did not exceed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Levels. Most pesticide concentrations were less than 1 microgram per liter and less than the detection limits obtained using standard drinking water analyses. Increases in concentrations of pesticides such as diazinon, malathion, and chlorpyrifos in stormflow result from runoff from urban areas downstream from Prado Dam. In general, large late season stormflows have the most pesticide detections of all stormflows sampled. Concentrations of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a gasoline additive, during base flow were as high as 0.9 microgram per liter and concentrations decreased during stormflow. Like pesticides, the concentrations did not exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Levels for MTBE.
Efficacy of Adjuvant 5-Fluorouracil Therapy for Patients with EMAST-Positive Stage II/III Colorectal Cancer (2015)

Elevated Microsatellite Alterations at Selected Tetranucleotide repeats (EMAST) is a genetic signature found in up to 60% of colorectal cancers (CRCs) that is caused by somatic dysfunction of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein hMSH3. We have previously shown in vitro that recognition of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) within DNA and subsequent cytotoxicity was most effective when both hMutSα (hMSH2-hMSH6 heterodimer) and hMutSβ (hMSH2-hMSH3 heterodimer) MMR complexes were present, compared to hMutSα > hMutSβ alone. We tested if patients with EMAST CRCs (hMutSβ defective) had diminished response to adjuvant 5-FU chemotherapy, paralleling in vitro findings. We analyzed 230 patients with stage II/III sporadic colorectal cancers for which we had 5-FU treatment and survival data. Archival DNA was analyzed for EMAST (>2 of 5 markers mutated among UT5037, D8S321, D9S242, D20S82, D20S85 tetranucleotide loci). Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated and multivariate analysis was used to determine contribution to risk. We identified 102 (44%) EMAST cancers. Ninety-four patients (41%) received adjuvant 5-FU chemotherapy, and median follow-up for all patients was 51 months. Patients with EMAST CRCs demonstrated improved survival with adjuvant 5FU to the same extent as patients with non-EMAST CRCs (P<0.05). We observed no difference in survival between patients with stage II/III EMAST and non-EMAST cancers (P = 0.36). There is improved survival for stage II/III CRC patients after adjuvant 5-FU-based chemotherapy regardless of EMAST status. The loss of contribution of hMSH3 for 5-FU cytotoxicity may not adversely affect patient outcome, contrasting patients whose tumors completely lack DNA MMR function (MSI-H).
An investigation of the nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide-induced ‘tightening’ of the structure of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (1976)

An investigation was made of the effect of NAD+ analogues on subunit interactions in yeast and rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenases by using the subunit exchange (hybridization) method described previously [e.g. see Osborne & Hollaway (1975) Biochem. J. 151, 37-45]. The ligands ATP, ITP, ADP, AMP, cyclic AMP and ADP-ribose like NADH, all caused an apparent weakening of intramolecular subunit interactions, whereas NAD+ caused an apparent increase in the stability of the tetrameric enzyme molecules. A mixture of NMN and AMP, although it did not simulate completely the NAD+-induced 'tightening' of the enzyme structure, did result in a more than 20-fold decrease in the rate of subunit exchange compared with that in the presence of AMP alone. These results show that occupancy of the NMN subsite of the enzyme NAD+-binding site is insufficient in itself to give the marked tightening of the enzyme structure induced by NAD+. The 'tightening' effect is specific in that it seems to require a phosphodiester link between NMN and ADP-ribose. These effects are discussed in terms of the detailed X-ray structure of the lobster holoenzyme [Buehner et al. (1974) J. Mol. Biol. 90, 25-49].
The influence of boundary conditions on the optimization of flat laminated plates for buckling (1992)

A study of the influence of boundary conditions on the design of thin flat laminates optimized for buckling resistance was performed. Thelaminates were assumed to possess midplane symmetry, and in some cases to be specially orthotropic. Uniaxial compressive loading was assumed in all cases. Four types of boundary conditions were considered: fixed, free, simply-supported, and elastically-constrained. Solutions were obtained for various combinations of these boundary conditions. Jn each case a global optimization algorithm WWCODA) was used to identify the optimal laminate. It was found that the optimal layup is a function of aspect ratio (a/b), especially at low values of (a/b). As (a/b) is increased, the optimal solution becomes less sensitive to aspect ratio, and becomes effectively independent of (a/b) oncea characteristic value isreached. Thischaracteristic value depends on the particular combination of boundary conditions considered.
Adaptive state of charge estimation for battery packs (2014)

Rechargeable batteries as an energy source in electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and smart grids are receiving more attention with the worldwide demand for greenhouse reduction. In all of these applications, the battery management system needs to have an accurate online estimation of the state of charge (SOC) of the battery pack. This estimation is difficult, especially after substantial aging of batteries. In order to overcome this problem, this work addresses SOC estimation of Li-ion battery packs using fuzzy-improved extended Kalman filter (fuzzy-IEKF) from new to aged cells. In the proposed approach, a fuzzy method with a new class of membership function has been introduced and used to make the approximate initial value to estimate SOC. Later on, the IEKF method, considering the unit single model for the battery pack, is applied to estimate the SOC for the long working time of the pack. This approach uses a model adaptive algorithm to update each single cell's model in the battery pack. The algorithm's fast response and low computational burden, makes on-board estimation practical. A LiFePO4 single cell/battery pack consists of single/120 cells connected in series with a nominal voltage 3.6V/432 V is used to implement the experiments/simulations to verify the SOC estimation method's accuracy. The obtained results by the federal test procedure (FTP75) and the new European driving cycle (NEDC) reveal that the proposed approach's SOC and voltage estimation error do not exceed 1.5%.
A stable mode of bookmarking by TBP recruits RNA polymerase II to mitotic chromosomes (2018)

Maintenance of transcription programs is challenged during mitosis when chromatin becomes condensed and transcription is silenced. How do the daughter cells re-establish the original transcription program? Here, we report that the TATA-binding protein (TBP), a key component of the core transcriptional machinery, remains bound globally to active promoters in mouse embryonic stem cells during mitosis. Using live-cell single-molecule imaging, we observed that TBP mitotic binding is highly stable, with an average residence time of minutes, in stark contrast to typical TFs with residence times of seconds. To test the functional effect of mitotic TBP binding, we used a drug-inducible degron system and found that TBP promotes the association of RNA Polymerase II with mitotic chromosomes, and facilitates transcriptional reactivation following mitosis. These results suggest that the core transcriptional machinery promotes efficient transcription maintenance globally.
Growth kinetics and thermal stability of UV-induced H-bearing species in hydrogen loaded germanosilicate glasses (1999)

In 1993, Lemaire et al reported enhanced photosensitivity in H2 loaded germanosilicate fibers [1]. This discovery is of primary importance for the fabrication of intracore fiber components. Nevertheless gratings written in H2 loaded fibers are less stable at low temperature than those in the unloaded counterparts [2].
Advanced Signal Analysis and Instrumentation for Barkhausen Stress Measurement in Steels (1977)

Abstract : Advanced methods of signal analysis were investigated as a means of improving instrumentation for Barkhausen noise stress measurement. Methods employed included pulse-sorting and pulse-counting, correlation and probability measurements, and spectrum analysis. Specimens of AISI 4340 steel and AISI 4130 steel were studied. It was found that the Barkhausen noise auto-correlation function, amplitude probability distribution, and amplitude probability density correspond closely to the comparable functions obtained from random noise. These statistical functions were found to be independent of magnetization rate and probe liftoff but slightly dependent on stress. Cursory experiments indicated that reducing the detector bandwidth may provide a means of increasing the stress sensitivity of these parameters.
Psychiatric Diseases in Pregnancy (2019)

The exacerbation of pre-existing psychiatric conditions and the development of a new-onset psychiatric disorder during pregnancy directly affects the care of pregnant women. Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent in reproductive age women and may be exacerbated in the perinatal and postpartum periods. Post-traumatic stress disorder is another common condition seen in this population and may worsen under the stress of pregnancy, delivery, and childrearing. Substance abuse is also pervasive in this population, requiring obstetricians to have a thorough understanding of how to manage and treat pregnant women with dependence disorders. Psychiatric conditions and substance abuse often co-exist. These and other disorders present significant risk to the mother and fetus. It is essential therefore for obstetric care providers to understand how to screen for, diagnose, and treat psychiatric disorders during pregnancy and in the postpartum period. This review contains 4 tables, and 58 references. Keywords: perinatal depression, postpartum depression, postpartum psychosis, anxiety in pregnancy, substance abuse in pregnancy, post-traumatic stress disorder in pregnancy, eating disorders in pregnancy, pregnancy screening
<title>Transport and diffusion calculations on MRI-generated data</title> (1997)

In this study we analyze the limits of the diffusion approximation to the Boltzmann transport equation for photon propagation in the human brain. Two dimensional slices through the head are obtained with the method of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Based on these images we assign optical properties to different regions of the brain. A finite- difference transport/diffusion code is then used to calculate the fluence throughout the head. Differences between diffusion and transport calculations occur especially in void-like spaces and regions where the absorption coefficient is comparable to the reduced scattering coefficient.
Study on Impact Behavior of Automobile Seat. (1997)

Investigation of the behavior of an automobile seat subjected to an impact load is important to improve safety. The following three subjects on the design of the seat frame are described. First, in order to understand the fundamental impact behavior of a seat frame, the characteristics of impact behavior were studied through experiments carried out under various impact conditions. Second, using an explicit finite element method, a structural analysis method for the simulation of impact behavior was investigated. This analysis method was shown to be useful by comparing its results with the experimental results. Finally, the influence of design parameters of the seat frame on impact behavior was investigated. There has been a growing demand that the structure of the seat should be designed rationally by evaluating correctly the influence of design parameters upon such characteristics as strengh and flexibility. The authors proposed a statistical optimization method that consists of two steps : effectivity analysis and mathematical programming. In this paper, the effectivity analysis was applied to the seat frame, and the applicability of the effectivity analysis was confirmed by comparing with the experimental results.
Comparative site-directed mutagenesis in the catalytic amino acid triad in calicivirus proteases (2010)

Calicivirus proteases cleave the viral precursor polyprotein encoded by open reading frame 1 (ORF1) into multiple intermediate and mature proteins. These proteases have conserved histidine (His), glutamic acid (Glu) or aspartic acid (Asp), and cysteine (Cys) residues that are thought to act as a catalytic triad (i.e. general base, acid and nucleophile, respectively). However, is the triad critical for processing the polyprotein? In the present study, we examined these amino acids in viruses representing the four major genera of Caliciviridae: Norwalk virus (NoV), Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), Sapporo virus (SaV) and Feline calicivirus (FCV). Using single amino-acid substitutions, we found that an acidic amino acid (Glu or Asp), as well as the His and Cys in the putative catalytic triad, cannot be replaced by Ala for normal processing activity of the ORF1 polyprotein in vitro. Similarly, normal activity is not retained if the nucleophile Cys is replaced with Ser. These results showed the calicivirus protease is a Cys protease and the catalytic triad formation is important for protease activity. Our study is the first to directly compare the proteases of the four representative calicivirus genera. Interestingly, we found that RHDV and SaV proteases critically need the acidic residues during catalysis, whereas proteolytic cleavage occurs normally at several cleavage sites in the ORF1 polyprotein without a functional acid residue in the NoV and FCV proteases. Thus, the substrate recognition mechanism may be different between the SaV and RHDV proteases and the NoV and FCV proteases.
Nutritional composition of bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) from forest fields in Norway – Effects of geographic origin, climate, fertilization and soil properties (2015)

Effects of different environmental factors (origin, climate, fertilization and soil properties) on berry nutritional quality were studied in eight forest fields of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) in Northern-, Mid- and Southern Norway. No clear trend between locations could be found, however untargeted multivariate analysis of metabolite profiles revealed clear segregation patterns between locations. Anthocyanin, and phenolics content, and titratable acidity were significantly affected by mineral fertilization (Mid-Norway), while organic fertilization did not show any significant effects (Northern Norway). Bilberry chemical composition was affected by harvest time point, as indicated by a potentially higher nutritional quality regarding the content of phytochemicals when harvesting at mid or towards the end of the production season (Southern Norway). Regional and annual climate had strongest impact on the nutritious content of bilberries. Significant differences were found between locations, however previous findings on increasing anthocyanin content with latitude were not confirmed due to environmental impacts confounding the population effects.
Phase loops in density-functional-theory calculations of adsorption in nanoscale pores (1999)

Phase loops with multiple solutions are observed in calculations of lattice density-functional theory. It is shown that the standard numerical methods for solving such problems distort the solution. A technique is proposed to obtain multiple solutions for phase equilibria in confined fluids. This method gives the entire phase equilibrium curve, including hidden points which determine wetting transitions and capillary condensation. A synergetic effect of walls on adsorption in nanoscale pores is analyzed.
Spatial Acoustic Mode Shapes of the Human Pinna (2000)

The VRTC exercise posed a protective effect for some cognitive and physical functions in older adults with CI. The more engaging the program, the greater the improvement in the cognitive performance.
Analysis of Benzo[a]pyrene Partitioning and Cellular Homeostasis in a Rat Liver Cell Line (2000)

The uptake and subcellular partitioning of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) were examined in a rat-liver cell line (Clone 9) using confocal and multiphoton microscopy. Following a 16-h treatment, intracellular accumulation of BaP increased with increasing concentration, and cytoplasmic BaP fluorescence reached saturation at 10 microM. Analysis of the kinetics of BaP uptake at this concentration indicated that BaP is rapidly partitioned into all cytoplasmic membranes within several min, although saturation was not reached until 4 h. Based upon the rapid uptake of BaP into membranes, the chronology of changes in gap junction-mediated intercellular communication (GJIC), plasma membrane potential (PMP), and steady state levels of intracellular Ca2+ in relation to the time-course for induction of microsomal ethoxyresorufin-0-deethylase (EROD) activity were examined. EROD activity in Clone 9 cells treated for 16 h increased with increasing concentrations of BaP and reached the highest levels at 40 microM BaP. In addition, kinetic analysis of EROD activity in Clone 9 cells treated with 10 microM BaP indicated that significant induction of EROD activity was not detected before 3 h, and it reached maximal levels by 16 h of treatment at this concentration. Both GJIC and PMP were directly affected by the partitioning of BaP into cellular membranes. The most sensitive index of BaP-induced changes in membrane function was GJIC which revealed a 25% suppression in cells exposed to 0.4 microM BaP for 16 h. Kinetic analysis revealed that suppression of GJIC occurred within 15 min of exposure of cells to 10 microM BaP, whereas significant suppression of PMP was not detected prior to 30-min exposure at this concentration. Elevation of basal Ca2+ level was also detected simultaneously with PMP at this dose. These data suggest that early changes in cellular membrane functions occur prior to detectable induction of EROD activity, although basal metabolic activation of BaP may contribute to these changes.
Energy transformations in a land-grant college: The Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (2008)

The establishment of the GLBRC on university campuses represents a new model for large-scale research and development with a federal partner. Achieving the objective of removing bottlenecks from the bioenergy pipeline is a monumental national goal. One of the unique elements of the center is its sustainability thrust, emphasizing practices throughout the bioenergy-production pipeline that focus on environmental and resource issues and sustainable practices.
Porous ionic liquids: synthesis and application (2015)

Solidification of fluidic ionic liquids into porous materials yields porous ionic networks that combine the unique characteristics of ionic liquids with the common features of polymers and porous materials. This minireview reports the most recent advances in the design of porous ionic liquids. A summary of the synthesis of ordered and disordered porous ionic liquid-based nanoparticles or membranes with or without templates is provided, together with the new concept of room temperature porous ionic liquids. As a versatile platform for functional materials, porous ionic liquids have shown widespread applications in catalysis, adsorption, sensing, actuation, <i>etc.</i> This new research direction towards ionic liquids chemistry is still in its early stages but has great potential.
Spatial division multiplexing of space-time block codes (2004)

In this paper we propose to derive benefit from multiple antennas to achieve high data rates using a spatial division multiplexing (SDM) based scheme combined with space-time block coding (STBC). This scheme allows to transmit simultaneously N/P different streams from N antennas, each stream being encoded using a STBC designed for P outputs. Spatial division multiplexing of space-time block codes provides a reduced data rate compared to the classical SDM technique. However the performance gain provided by space-time block coding allows to transmit higher order constellations and then to design multiple antenna systems with same spectral efficiency and better performance. Performance of this scheme is assessed by simulations in the indoor 5 GHz OFDM-based WLAN environment (IEEE 802.11a, HIPERLAN/2).
Mathematical analysis of a model which combines total variation and wavelet for image restoration 1 (2002)

We give a mathematical analysis of a model previously introduced for image restoration. This model combines wavelet approaches and total variation approaches in a natural way. We prove the existence of a solution to the model. Then we show a way to approximate it in such a way that the approximation can be computed (this is done by penalization). We also show a simple experiment which illustrates why the model seems promising.
Characterization of atomic coherence decay for storage of light experiments (2007)

We report characterization of EIT resonances in the D1 line of Rb 87 under various experimental conditions. The dependence of the EIT linewidth on the power of the control field investigated. Strictly linear behavior between the ground levels as the main source of decoherence. We therefore formulated a new theory assuming pure dephasing to be the main decoherence mechanism. We also performed experiments where we created additional decoherence mechanisms by means of a counter-propagating repumper field. This field caused the ground-state population exchange, thus reproducing conditions in which the original theory is valid.