gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resistance to aflatoxin B1 is associated with the expression of a novel aldo-keto reductase which has catalytic activity towards a cytotoxic aldehyde-containing metabolite of the toxin. (1993)

Fischer 344 rats readily develop liver cancer when exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) but dietary administration of the antioxidant ethoxyquin (EQ) provides protection against hepatocarcinogenesis. Chemoprotection by EQ is accompanied by the overexpression of enzymes which detoxify activated AFB1. Aflatoxin-protein adduct formation takes place following metabolism of AFB1 to the dialdehydic form of AFB1-dihydrodiol. The dialdehyde can be detoxified by reduction to a dialcohol through the catalytic actions of an enzyme present in the hepatic cytosol from rats fed EQ-containing diets; this metabolite is essentially undetectable in reaction mixtures that use hepatic cytosol from rats fed control diets. The enzyme responsible for catalyzing the formation of dihydroxy-aflatoxin B1 has been purified from the livers of rats fed on diets supplemented with EQ. It is a soluble monomeric protein with an approximate M(r) of 36,600. Besides its activity toward AFB1 this enzyme also catalyzes the reduction of the model substrate 4-nitrobenzaldehyde. Amino acid sequencing of cyanogen bromide-derived peptides obtained from this reductase indicated that it has not been characterized hitherto, at least not a molecular level. Therefore, this inducible enzyme has been designated aflatoxin B1-aldehyde reductase (AFB1-AR). The livers of adult rats administered dietary EQ contain at least 15-fold greater levels of AFB1-AR than the livers from rats fed control diets. Aflatoxin B1-AR was also found to be present in increased amounts in livers bearing preneoplastic nodules and in rat hepatoma, both of which are known to express increased resistance to AFB1. Kidney contains high constitutive levels of AFB1-AR and the administration of EQ increases its concentration in renal cytosol about 3-fold. Although AFB1-AR is present in trace amounts in rat lung it was not detected in brain and in neither tissue was it found to be induced by EQ. Evidence suggests that AFB1-AR is a previously unrecognized enzyme that could provide protection against the cytotoxic effects of aflatoxin B1 resulting from the formation of protein adducts. The relative importance of AFB1-AR and the glutathione-S-transferase Yc2 subunit in conferring resistance to aflatoxin B1 is discussed.
Factors influencing the production of cellulases by Sporotrichum thermophile (1976)

Cellulase production and growth of a strain of Sporotrichum thermophile were studied by using a mineral salts medium supplemented with yeast extract and insoluble cellulose. The effects of cultural conditions, such as pH, nitrogen source, substrate concentration, and temperature, were examined. Maximum production of C1 and CX cellulases occurred at 45 C in 2 to 4 days, in the presence of 1% Solka/Floc as substrate, when NaNO3 or urea used as sources of nitrogen. Under these conditions, cellulolytic activity of culture filtrates appeared to be similar to that reported for Trichoderma viride grown in a favorable environment. However, comparable yields of cellulase were produced by S. thermophile in less than one-quarter the time required by mesophilic fungi.
Development and Case Study of 4D CAD System for Visualizing Schedule Data of Construction Project (2007)

Recently, various 4D CAD systems for visualizing construction schedule data are being developed. Specially, in case of railway project, the numerical information of progress data should be changed with visualized data by long construction section because the railway project consists of long length in construction site. This study suggests a case study of development of 4D CAD system for visualizing schedule information and the major functions of developed system are verified by railway project. The detailed application procedure of 4D CAD system including input data for a railway project is described in the study. The practical application of 4D CAD system can be improved in railway project by these demonstration researches.
Mobilization of fructan reserves and changes in enzyme activities in wheat stems correlate with water stress during kernel filling (2000)

Triticum aestivum (wheat) plants grown at a day∶night temperature of 18∶13 °C from anthesis were held as well watered controls, or subject to either a mild (large pot volume) or a more severe (small pot volume) water stress by withholding water from the time of anthesis. Extracts from the peduncle (enclosed by the flag leaf sheath) and the penultimate internode were prepared to determine the activities of fructan exohydrolase and acid invertase and to assess the level of hexose sugars, sucrose and fructans. Measurements were made of ear and individual grain weights and stem fresh weight and dry weight. Plant water relations at the time of each sampling were determined as the flag leaf water potential and the water content of individual organs. Water stress resulted in a shorter duration of kernel filling, smaller kernels at maturity and an earlier loss of stem weight. There was an increase in stem fructose and a fall in fructan level that preceded the loss of dry matter associated with water stress. Coincident with the early fall in fructan content under water stress there was a rise in both fructan exohydrolase and acid invertase in the internodes of stressed plants. This correlation suggests that the conversion of fructans to fructose might have resulted from enzyme induction associated with water stress, but as this conversion occurs before the major export of reserves from the stem it might be only indirectly related to changes in the demand for reserves.
Bromism from Daily Over Intake of Bromide Salt (2003)

Bromide intoxication today is an infrequent disease, but preparations containing bromide are still available in nonprescription compounds, on the French market. We report a casewith bromide intoxication due to daily over intake (approximately 20 tablets per day; i.e. total elemental bromide intake approximately 6 g/day) of calcium bromo-galactogluconate (Calcibronat) for 1.5 months. A 30-year-old woman with a long history of psychotropic drug abuse was hospitalized in a psychiatric department for neuropsychological manifestations. She presented a seriously disturbed mental status with confusion, disorientation, auditory and visual hallucinations, and loss of short-time memory. A markedly increased serum bromide level of 1717 mg/L (21.5 mEq/L) measured on the first day after her admission confirmed the diagnosis of chronic bromism suspected based on her symptomatology. During her hospitalization, bromide plasma concentrations were measured and monitored using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, a sensitive and very specific method. After withdrawal of the drug, the symptoms improved within 8 days. Serial bromide concentrations gradually declined throughout nearly 2 months of monitoring, until she was discharged from the hospital. We found an elimination half-life of bromide in blood of approximately of 10 days. This case demonstrates that, while today bromism occurs infrequently, it should still be included in the differential diagnosis of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
An automated testing approach for inter-application security in Android (2014)

Recently, Google Android has occupied a major market share of mobile phone systems as a result of its openness for developers and richness for users. By the distribution channels of the Android market, both development and use of Android applications soar. However, the low development threshold of applications leads to weak security awareness of developers. Moreover, Android applications lack strict security standards, resulting that security crisis has become increasingly prominent. For now, an application's biggest security threat falls on its messaging mechanism between components. Once permission’s verification is neglected, it is easy to be exploited by attackers, causing immeasurable loss. We analyze the security mechanism of Android inter-application components, and accordingly construct the security rules. Specifically, a compositional approach including static and dynamic automated testing techniques is proposed to detect the security vulnerabilities caused by messaging between components. In our approach, the static part obtains rough results and some parameter information. After that, the dynamic part automatically generates attack cases for verifying these results. This approach can be used not only to discover potential weaknesses within inter-application components but also to automatically simulate attack behaviors. Thereby, the detection results’ effectiveness can be verified.
Cassava mosaic and cassava brown streak virus diseases in Africa: a comparative guide to symptoms and aetiologies. (2000)

Introduction Vegetatively propagated crops are prone to virus infection and cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is no exception to this generalisation. At least seventeen different viruses of cassava have been described, of which eight are known to occur in Africa (Thresh et al., 1994). The main attention in Africa has been on the viruses causing cassava mosaic and cassava brown streak diseases which are the subject of this publication. Relatively little attention has been given to the other viruses of cassava or to the diseases they may cause. There is limited information on their distribution and none on their effects on growth or yield. These are serious deficiencies and emphasise the inadequate attention given to the viruses of what is arguably, the most important African food crop.
A practical approach to superresolution (2006)

Theoretical and practical limitations usually constrain the achievable resolution of any imaging device. Super-Resolution (SR) methods are developed through the years to go beyond this limit by acquiring and fusing several low-resolution (LR) images of the same scene, producing a high-resolution (HR) image. The early works on SR, although occasionally mathematically optimal for particular models of data and noise, produced poor results when applied to real images. In this paper, we discuss two of the main issues related to designing a practical SR system, namely reconstruction accuracy and computational efficiency. Reconstruction accuracy refers to the problem of designing a robust SR method applicable to images from different imaging systems. We study a general framework for optimal reconstruction of images from grayscale, color, or color filtered (CFA) cameras. The performance of our proposed method is boosted by using powerful priors and is robust to both measurement (e.g. CCD read out noise) and system noise (e.g. motion estimation error). Noting that the motion estimation is often considered a bottleneck in terms of SR performance, we introduce the concept of "constrained motions" for enhancing the quality of super-resolved images. We show that using such constraints will enhance the quality of the motion estimation and therefore results in more accurate reconstruction of the HR images. We also justify some practical assumptions that greatly reduce the computational complexity and memory requirements of the proposed methods. We use efficient approximation of the Kalman Filter (KF) and adopt a dynamic point of view to the SR problem. Novel methods for addressing these issues are accompanied by experimental results on real data.
Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA) 3A induces the expression of and interacts with a subset of chaperones and co-chaperones (2008)

Viral nuclear oncoproteins EBNA3A and EBNA3C are essential for the efficient immortalization of B cells by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in vitro and it is assumed that they play an essential role in viral persistence in the human host. In order to identify cellular genes regulated by EBNA3A expression, cDNA encoding EBNA3A was incorporated into a recombinant adenoviral vector. Microarray analysis of human diploid fibroblasts infected with either adenovirus EBNA3A or an empty control adenovirus consistently showed an EBNA3A-specific induction of mRNA corresponding to the chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp70B/B' and co-chaperones Bag3 and DNAJA1/Hsp40. Analysis of infected fibroblasts by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting confirmed that EBNA3A, but not EBNA3C, induced expression of Hsp70, Hsp70B/B', Bag3 and DNAJA1/Hsp40. This was also confirmed in a stable, inducible expression system. EBNA3A activated transcription from the Hsp70B promoter, but not multimerized heat-shock elements in transient transfection assays, consistent with specific chaperone and co-chaperone upregulation. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments suggest that EBNA3A can form a complex with the chaperone/co-chaperone proteins in both adenovirus-infected cells and EBV-immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines. Consistent with this, induction of EBNA3A resulted in redistribution of Hsp70 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. EBNA3A therefore specifically induces (and then interacts with) all of the factors necessary for an active Hsp70 chaperone complex.
FCompress: a new technique for queriable compression of facts and datacubes (2002)

Decision support applications must analyze information from data warehouses efficiently. For this reason, huge data warehouses must have mechanisms to cope with massive amounts of data. Reducing and compressing fact tables, summary tables and data cubes is important for faster operation and smaller storage overhead. Traditional compression techniques are not useful in this context except for archiving, because they render the data unqueriable. Although data reduction techniques are useful for fast approximate answers to complex queries, their accuracy is not enough to replace the base data. We present FCompress, a new fact compression technique that effectively replaces the base data, compressing it while maintaining queriability. The approach is based on the premise that a very small and adjustable error is acceptable in many fact attributes. The technique is applicable to fact and summary tables and data cubes alike. It has been evaluated, showing that very small errors can be achieved for point reconstruction (typically below 2%) while the original fact table is reduced to about 35% to 60% of its size and the data cube is reduced to about 15% to 30% of the size. The error is even smaller for typical OLAP queries, usually less than 1%, depending on the degree of aggregation.
A Surprising but Easily Proved Geometric Decomposition Theorem (1998)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size This article is part of the following collections: Carl B. Allendoerfer Prize: 1990s
Rotor Condition Monitoring for Improved Operational Safety of Offshore Wind Energy Converters (2005)

Background: Due to cost effectiveness and operational safety online monitoring of rotor blades is recommended, especially for offshore wind energy converters. Method of Approach: Statistic evaluation of wind speed and power output of a wind energy converter is used to monitor the overall rotor performance including increased blade surface roughness. Nacelle oscillation spectral analysis methods are applied to monitor the rotor faults mass imbalance and aerodynamic asymmetry. Results: Results of ISET’s research work related to online rotor condition monitoring are presented. A description of the fault effects on the rotor, the sensor and data acquisition equipment and a description of the developed signal processing and fault prediction algorithms are given. The paper also presents results from experiments and field tests. Conclusions: The developed algorithms have been verified due to their monitoring capabilities and suitability in commercial online condition monitoring systems.
A novel approach to enhancing hope in patients with advanced cancer: a randomised phase II trial of dignity therapy (2011)

ISRCTN29868352.
Synthesis, characterization and thermal properties of polymer/magnetite nanocomposites (2006)

A new procedure for the preparation of polymer/magnetic nanoparticle composites is described. Magnetite nanoparticles capped with methacrylate units were dispersed in a toluene solution of the monomer, and polymerization occurred after the addition of the initiator a'-a-azo-iso-butyronitrile at reflux temperature. The structural properties were determined by infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. The thermal properties of the resulting nanocomposite were studied extensively with modulated differential scanning calorimetry. An increase in the glass transition temperature was observed after the incorporation of the nanoparticles.
<title>Optical fiber sensor network for gasoline tanks</title> (1996)

The optical fiber sensor network and its applications are described in this paper. This sensor network system includes two parts: data acquisition part and data transportation part. The data acquisition part is used for measuring the parameters of gasoline tanks level, temperature, flowrate, pressure, and interface between gasoline and water. The data transportation part is a multi-parameters and multi-points fiber sensor network. The specifications of the system are given in this paper. The advantages of the sensor heads are digital type, that is the output signals are digital. By this way the system has high stability for long distance propagation and long term use. This sensor network system has continually worked in laboratory for one year and now is installed in the field of South China for field test about one year. The constructs and experiment results of this system in the field are described in detail.
Optimal voltage testing for physically-based faults (2002)

In this paper we investigate optimal voltage testing approaches for physically-based faults in CMOS circuits. We describe the general nature of the problem and then focus an two fault types: resistive bridges between gate outputs that cause pattern sensitive functional faults and opens in transmission gates that cause delay faults. In both cases, the traditional stuck at model is inadequate. The test vector to sensitize and propagate a resistive bridging fault is not unique. The traditional greedy test vector selection is optimistic, with some choices having poor real coverage. We realistically model the fault and fault coverage, and describe an optimal selection strategy. In a transmission gate with an open NMOS or PMOS device, the output voltage is degraded, increasing delay and reducing noise margin. We model this fault and show how low-voltage testing can be used to detect it. Our goal in applying these techniques to all important fault types is to maximize the real coverage of voltage tests, thereby minimizing the number of relatively slow Iddq tests required to achieve high quality.
Single-Mode Fiber Evanescent Wave Spectroscopy (1984)

An all-fiber single-mode spectroscopic sensor has been realised. It allows the measurement of the absorption characteristics of a lossy medium. The sensitivi-ty of the device depends on the geometrical factors of the probe and on the refractive index of the sensed medium. Theoretical calculation for a planar geometry and experimental measurements are presented.
Study on the Influencing Factors of TFP of Low-carbon Tourism Distribution (2017)

Purpose - Performance appraisal has a significant influence on the development of low-carbon tourism distribution. Research design, data, and methodology - Data of this study are collected from 27 provinces (cities) of China. SBM-Malmquist model is used to measure the TFP and its dynamic changes of low-carbon tourism distribution; TOBIT model is used to discuss the factors of TFP of low-carbon tourism distribution. Results - The results show that, there are obvious differences among regional TFP of low-carbon tourism distribution, the average change tends to grow positively in general, and the western region grows fastest on average due to the improvement of technical efficiency and technical progress, while there are technical efficiency improvement but technical regresses in eastern and central regions. The economic scale, economic strength, structure of energy consumption, location quotient and government regulation have a significant positive effect on the TFP of low-carbon tourism; energy intensity, industrial structure and opening degree have a negative effect; investments in fixed assets, intensity of R&D fund and urbanization rate have no significant influence on the TFP of low-carbon tourism. Conclusions - Improving the productivity of low-carbon tourism and reducing regional differences are effective ways to develop low-carbon tourism and enhance tourism competitiveness.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: How do Mutations Lead to Disease? (2014)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common monogenic genetic cardiac disease, with an estimated prevalence of 1:500 in the general population. Clinically, HCM is characterized by hypertrophy of the left ventricle (LV) walls, especially the septum, usually asymmetric, in the absence of any cardiac or systemic disease that leads to a secondary hypertrophy. The clinical course of the disease has a large inter- and intrafamilial heterogeneity, ranging from mild symptoms of heart failure late in life to the onset of sudden cardiac death at a young age and is caused by a mutation in one of the genes that encode a protein from the sarcomere, Z-disc or intracellular calcium modulators. Although many genes and mutations are already known to cause HCM, the molecular pathways that lead to the phenotype are still unclear. This review focus on the molecular mechanisms of HCM, the pathways from mutation to clinical phenotype and how the disease's genotype correlates with phenotype.
The increasing importance of leading edge erosion and a review of existing protection solutions (2019)

The offshore wind industry's pursuit of greater blade lengths and higher tip speeds, as well as a move to new markets with monsoonal climates, has caused leading edge erosion to progress from an issue that only affects a small number of turbines in the most extreme environments to a major problem that affects entire wind farms. Leading edge erosion results in reduced turbine efficiency that requires expensive repairs and tip speeds to be limited to protect blade edges. A review of the existing protection solutions is presented. The production and application of both gelcoats and flexible coatings relies heavily on manual procedures, leaving the coatings vulnerable to defects that can act as initiation points for erosion. Leading edge tapes are manufactured autonomously in a controlled environment and are consequently relatively free of defects. When applied effectively, the tapes possess very good erosion resistance. However, poor application can result in the formation of air pockets and wrinkles that reduce the adhesion of the bond, resulting in the tape disbonding from the blade. Metallic erosion shields have been shown in accelerated rain erosion tests to possess a lifetime greater than that of an offshore wind turbine blade. However, differences in stiffness between the blade and the metallic shield introduces a risk of the shield detaching under loading and as a result, the reliance on the adhesive is high. Integrating a metallic erosion shield into the blade mould would remove an additional manufacturing process and alleviate any aerodynamic concerns caused by a profile step on the leading edge of the blade. A design that can account for the stiffness mismatch between an integrated metallic erosion shield and the blade may then reveal the solution to leading edge erosion.