gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytogenetic profile of 109 lipomas. (1991)

Cytogenetic analysis of short-term cultures was carried out on 109 lipomas from 92 patients. Clonal chromosomal abnormalities were present in 50% of the tumors analyzed. Based on the results, three main cytogenetic groups were identified and included: (a) tumors with normal karyotypes, (b) tumors with abnormalities involving region q13-15 on chromosome 12, and (c) tumors with other clonal aberrations. Within each of these groups, cytogenetic subgroups could be identified, each characterized by a specific anomaly. Tumors with abnormalities of 12q included specific subgroups with t/ins(1;12)(p32-33;q13-15), t(2;12)(p21-22;q13-14), t(3;12)(q28;q14), t(12;21)(q13;q21), complex, and nonrecurrent aberrations. The group containing heterogeneous clonal aberrations included subgroups with del(13)(q12q22), der(6)(p21-23), der(11)(q13), and nonspecific aberrations. Chromosome bands 1p36, 1p32-33, 2p21-22, 3q27-28, 6p21-23, 11q13, 12q13-15, 13q12, 13q22, 17p13, 17q21, and 21q21-22 were preferentially involved in structural rearrangements in lipomas. The identification of these sites of nonrandom rearrangements may serve to identify genes (at or near the junctions of chromosomal aberrations) involved in normal cellular growth control. Statistical analysis of the data revealed a correlation among karyotypic abnormalities and clinical data, such as age and sex of the patient, and tumor depth, site, and size.
Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of new topical anti-inflammatory steroids. (1991)

The purpose of this research was to develop new topical steroid derivatives showing reduced systemic effects. Pregna-16 alpha,17-carboxycyclic acetal derivatives have been recently synthesized by reacting triamcinolone with methyl acetylalkanoate in the presence of a catalytic amount of perchloric acid. In testing for the anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds, rat cotton-pellet granuloma inhibition bioassay and mouse croton-oil-induced ear oedema inhibition bioassay were employed. One of the synthesized compounds, (22R)-9 alpha-fluoro-11 beta,21-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-16 alpha, 17-(methyl, methoxycarbonylmethyl)methylenedioxy-1,4-pregnadiene (I), showed more or less the same activity as shown by prednisolone in the granuloma inhibition test. However, compound I showed higher activity in the ear oedema inhibition test when applied topically (ID50 = 0.002 mg), as compared to prednisolone (ID50 = 0.006 mg) and triamcinolone (ID50 = 0.026 mg). When compound I was applied to mice, and thymus involution was measured for judging systemic effects, it was found that compound I did not show any significant thymus involution up to 0.1 mg/mouse (systemic administration) and 0.5 mg/mouse (topical administration). Because of its significantly reduced systemic effects, this compound is a promising topical anti-inflammatory steroid.
An Exploratory Application of Eye-Tracking Methods in a Discrete Choice Experiment (2018)

This study is one of the first to show how eye-tracking can be used to understand responses to a health care DCE and highlighted the potential impact of risk communication on respondents' decision-making strategies. The results suggested self-reported ANA to cost attributes may not be reliable.
Synthesis of carbon nanohorns by a gas-injected arc-in-water method and application to catalyst-support for polymer electrolyte fuel cell electrodes (2008)

Single-wall carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) were synthesized by a gas-injected arc-in-water method with varied gas flow rate, arc current, and gas component to investigate their influence on the purity, the yield, and the structure of the products, in which the quenching rate of the carbon vapour in the optimized condition for SWNHs formation was revealed as order of mega-K s−1, and thereafter the characteristics of the as-grown SWNHs for the use of a fuel cell electrode were related with the arc current in their production.
Personalized Ranking of Search Results with Learned User Interest Hierarchies from Bookmarks (2005)

Abstract. Web search engines are usually designed to serve all users, without considering the interests of individual users. Personalized web search incorporates an individual user&apos;s interests when deciding relevant results to return. We propose to learn a user profile, called a user interest hierarchy (UIH), from web pages that are of interest to the user. The user’s interest in web pages will be determined implicitly, without directly asking the user. Using the implicitly learned UIH, we study methods that (re)rank the results from a search engine. Experimental results indicate that our personalized ranking methods, when used with a popular search engine, can yield more relevant web pages for individual users. 1
Challenges of 40 Gb/s WDM transmission (2002)

In addition to the required high-bandwidth electronics, wavelength-division-multiplexed 40 Gb/s transmission faces a number of challenges including optical-signal-to-noise ratio, dispersion and dispersion slope, and polarization mode dispersion. We discuss these issues as well as polarization multiplexing, a potential technique to achieve 0.8 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency.
Balanced anaesthesia 2005: Avoiding the Transition from Acute to Chronic Pain (2005)

When general anaesthesia consisted of the administration of a volatile anaesthetic agent according to clinical parameters usually preceded by premedication, was chronic post-operative pain a significant problem? Have we, by working hard to deliver balanced anaesthesia and rapid recovery lost sight of the fundamental importance of abolishing noxious reflexes at the spinal level?We need to identify, ameliorate and manage specific features and risk factors, including the severity of the acute pain experience, for individuals at risk for the development of a chronic pain syndrome. Anaesthetists' actions and the drugs they use have multiple and profound effects to be taken into account, appropriately modified and controlled, combined with excellent postoperative analgesia, particularly for those patients or procedures at high risk to minimise the transition of acute to chronic pain following surgery.Acute nociceptive pain is the risk for the transition to chronic neuropathic pain.
Pulsatile Stretch and Shear Stress: Physical Stimuli Determining the Production of Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factors (1998)

Mechanical forces generated at the endothelium by fluid shear stress and pulsatile stretch are important in ensuring the continuous release of vasoactive endothelial autacoids. Although the mechanism by which endothelial cells are able to detect and convert these physical stimuli into chemical signals is unclear, this process involves the activation of integrins, G proteins and cascades of protein kinases. The constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS III), classified as a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent isoform, can be activated by shear stress and isometric contraction in the absence of a maintained increase in [Ca2+]i via a mechanism involving its redistribution within the cytoskeleton/caveolae and the activation of one or more regulatory NOS-associated proteins. Thus it would appear that the intracellular cascades activated by Ca2+-elevating receptor-dependent agonists, such as bradykinin, and hemodynamic stimuli are distinct. Rhythmic vessel distension is also able to elicit the synthesis of superoxide anions and the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor which play a role in modulating arterial compliance in certain vascular beds.
Angle and polarization estimation using ESPRIT with polarimetric MIMO radar (2012)

A monostatic polarimetric MIMO radar, configured with multiple transmit antennas and multiple polarization sensitive receive antennas is introduced. A novel ESPRIT-like algorithm is proposed to estimate the target's angle and polarization, which exploiting the invariance property of both the virtual array resulted form matched filters and the polarization sensitive array. The proposed system has higher angle estimation accuracy than those of conventional MIMO radar and polarization sensitive array due to the combination of the advantages of MIMO radar and the advantages offered by polarization diversities. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. (4 pages)
Interface stoichiometry dependence of the Schottky barrier height of CoGa and GaAs (1992)

The Schottky barrier formation of CoGa on (100)n-GaAs is investigated. CoGa is grown by molecular-beam epitaxy, and the epitaxial orientation is controlled by the initial growth conditions of the GaAs substrate. Schottky diodes with three different phases of CoGa: (100)CoGa, (110)CoGa and mix of (100) and (110)CoGa, are fabricated and Schottky barrier heights are measured by I–V, C–V, and internal photoemission. All these three types of diodes have different values of barrier height, indicating that the mechanisms of the barrier formation for these three phases are different. The plausible mechanisms for the change of the Fermi level pinning position of these phases are discussed. Finally, the temperature dependence of the Schottky barrier height is also examined and the barrier height is found to be constant from 150 to 300 K for all of the phases.
Metric-based no-reference quality assessment of heterogeneous document images (2015)

No-reference image quality assessment (NR-IQA) aims at computing an image quality score that best correlates with either human perceived image quality or an objective quality measure, without any prior knowledge of reference images. Although learning-based NR-IQA methods have achieved the best state-of-the-art results so far, those methods perform well only on the datasets on which they were trained. The datasets usually contain homogeneous documents, whereas in reality, document images come from different sources. It is unrealistic to collect training samples of images from every possible capturing device and every document type. Hence, we argue that a metric-based IQA method is more suitable for heterogeneous documents. We propose a NR-IQA method with the objective quality measure of OCR accuracy. The method combines distortion-specific quality metrics. The final quality score is calculated taking into account the proportions of, and the dependency among different distortions. Experimental results show that the method achieves competitive results with learning-based NR-IQA methods on standard datasets, and performs better on heterogeneous documents.
Iatrogenic illness: a primer for nurses. (2002)

Iatrogenic illness is a term that is used frequently but not clearly understood. This overview of diseases incurred as a consequence of medical treatment explores evolving definitions and the epidemiology of these problems. In addition, a number of strategies to reduce the incidence of these illnesses and the implications of this problem for nurses are presented.
Packaging, Containers for Industrial Materials (2005)

Abstract Packaging fulfills several important functions in the safe delivery of chemical products through the distribution system to customers: containment, protection, use features, and communication. Development of industrial packaging with these functions in mind is critical for the safe efficient delivery of industrial products. There are many regulations making demands on package development, including domestic rail and motor freight classifications as well as other carrier requirements, and U. N. recommendations for international transport of dangerous goods (perhaps virtually all chemicals), which are restated in U.S. Department of Transportation regulations. Many types and sizes of industrial packages for chemicals are in use, ranging from small boxes, pails, and drums, through intermediate bulk containers, to specialized rail cars. The variety of packaging alternatives, sizes, materials, and applications are all discussed.
Pathology and pathogenesis of intracranial berry aneurysms<sup>*</sup> (1990)

Berry aneurysms are peculiarly common to the cerebral circulation of man. They are acquired lesions related to the large calibre and atherosclerosis of the cerebral arteries. The aetiology and pathogenesis are intimately concerned with haemodynamic stresses at arterial forks without scientific evidence of maldevelopmental errors. Whilst connective tissue disorders may predispose to their development, they are not essential aetiological factors. There is a need to identify the particular haemodynamic stresses and biophysical responses of the mural connective tissues in their development.
Mechanisms of β-cell dedifferentiation in diabetes: recent findings and future research directions (2017)

Like all the cells of an organism, pancreatic β-cells originate from embryonic stem cells through a complex cellular process termed differentiation. Differentiation involves the coordinated and tightly controlled activation/repression of specific effectors and gene clusters in a time-dependent fashion thereby giving rise to particular morphological and functional cellular features. Interestingly, cellular differentiation is not a unidirectional process. Indeed, growing evidence suggests that under certain conditions, mature β-cells can lose, to various degrees, their differentiated phenotype and cellular identity and regress to a less differentiated or a precursor-like state. This concept is termed dedifferentiation and has been proposed, besides cell death, as a contributing factor to the loss of functional β-cell mass in diabetes. β-cell dedifferentiation involves: (1) the downregulation of β-cell-enriched genes, including key transcription factors, insulin, glucose metabolism genes, protein processing and secretory pathway genes; (2) the concomitant upregulation of genes suppressed or expressed at very low levels in normal β-cells, the β-cell forbidden genes; and (3) the likely upregulation of progenitor cell genes. These alterations lead to phenotypic reconfiguration of β-cells and ultimately defective insulin secretion. While the major role of glucotoxicity in β-cell dedifferentiation is well established, the precise mechanisms involved are still under investigation. This review highlights the identified molecular mechanisms implicated in β-cell dedifferentiation including oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation and hypoxia. It discusses the role of <i>Foxo1, Myc</i> and inhibitor of differentiation proteins and underscores the emerging role of non-coding RNAs. Finally, it proposes a novel hypothesis of β-cell dedifferentiation as a potential adaptive mechanism to escape cell death under stress conditions.
Sensor Modelling with Recurrent Conditional GANs (2018)

Autonomous vehicles rely on many sensors in order for the vehicles to perceive their\nsurroundings. Consequently it is important with safety verification of the sensors which\ntypically is done by collecting data in many different scenarios which is time consuming\nand expensive. For this reason, autonomous driving software companies are interested in\nvirtual verification where the scenarios are simulated. In this thesis we have developed\nand used the Recurrent Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (RCGAN) in order\nto model the longitudinal error of sensors. The RCGAN is a modification of the original\ngenerative adversarial network (GAN) framework which makes use of recurrent neural\nnetworks and conditioning the networks on auxiliary information. These changes allows\nthe model to learn and be able to generate realistic real-valued multi-dimensional time\nseries.
Pathology of the Ear (1974)

Methods of removal, preparation and study anatomy pathophysiology developmental defects infections disorders of intoxication trauma vascular disorders neural disorders disorders of the immune system disorders of bone disorders of aging neoplastic growth disorders of unknown or multiple cause surgical pathology.
Flap Measurements With the Hansatome Microkeratome (2002)

The Hansatome microkeratome was an effective and safe instrument in the creation of corneal flaps for LASIK. Consideration of preoperative keratometric power and corneal thickness may help to reduce or avoid complications.
Curent Situation of “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” in Guangdong, China, Where Citrus Huanglongbing Was First Described (2012)

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB, yellow shoot disease) was first observed in the coastal Chaoshan Plain of Guangdong Province, China, in the late 19th century based on descriptions of yellow shoot symptoms. “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” has been considered as a putative pathogen associated with HLB since 1994. Information about the curent prevalence of this bacterium is important for HLB control in Guangdong and also provides useful reference for HLB study elsewhere. In 2007, we collected HLB symptomatic citrus samples from 16 cultivars in 12 prefecture cities, mostly in the north and west regions of Guangdong, where major citrus fruits are currently produced. Among the 359 samples collected, 241 (67.1%) were positive for “Ca. L. asiaticus”, distributed in 15 out of the 16 cultivars from all 12 cities, indicating the widespread prevalence of “Ca. L. asiaticus” in Guangdong Province. The detection rates varied from 16.7 to 100% depending on location and cultivar. Lower detection rates were found in newer citrus cultivation cities among the previously less popular but now promoted cultivars. In reviewing the citrus management and pest control practice, we believe that infected nursery stocks play a key role in the current spread of “Ca. L. asiaticus”.
Implementation and Performance Analysis of a Tri-Pole Filter for Scanning Radar (2006)

A tri-pole filter is proposed as a video integrator for scanning radar. Coefficients optimization of the tri-pole filter is carried out via genetic algorithm (GA) which evaluates the fitness of individual using a new function in time-domain. The tri-pole filter requires only 0.1 dB increase in signal-to-noise ratio to provide the same detection capability as the optimum integrator. Moreover, it has better stability than two-pole filter because the distance between its poles and unit circle is further. The tri-pole filter is analyzed and it is shown that its performance is superior to that of the two-pole filter.
Joint estimation of I/Q imbalance, CFO and channel response for MIMO OFDM systems (2010)

In this paper, we study the joint estimation of inphase and quadrature-phase (I/Q) imbalance, carrier frequency offset (CFO), and channel response for multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems using training sequences. A new concept called channel residual energy (CRE) is introduced. We show that by minimizing the CRE, we can jointly estimate the I/Q imbalance and CFO without knowing the channel response. The proposed method needs only one OFDM block for training and the training symbols can be arbitrary. Moreover when the training block consists of two repeated sequences, a low complexity two-step approach is proposed to solve the joint estimation problem. Simulation results show that the mean-squared error (MSE) of the proposed method is close to the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB).
Practical Film Cleaning for Safety and Effectiveness (1958)

Because the various kinds of dirt that can accumulate on motion-picture film degrade the image quality of negatives and positives, film cleaning has always been an important operation. This paper reviews the problems of cleaning current color and black-and-white films, and classifies possible cleaning solvents on the basis of inertness to film, hazards to personnel, risk of fire, physical properties and cleaning efficiency. No solvent meets all requirements but commercial operation is possible with carbon tetrachloride, Freon-113 and hexane. Methyl chloroform, now commercially available, has some advantages over each of these. As a matter of fact, practical cleaning can also be accomplished with water. The importance of good technique in film cleaning is emphasized.
Mitochondrial mutation commonly associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy observed in a patient with Wolfram syndrome (DIDMOAD). (1994)

DIDMOAD is usually considered an autosomal recessive condition, with wide phenotypic variation, but the possibility of mitochondrial mutations occurring in this condition has been considered. A 19 year old man presented with long standing diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and grand mal seizures. Further investigations showed unilateral sensorineural hearing loss and the most common mitochondrial DNA mutation associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, which was inherited from his mother. This suggests the DIDMOAD phenotype is a mitochondrial disorder in some cases and is likely to have a heterogeneous aetiology.
Antibacterial and antifungal activities of pyroligneous acid from wood of <i>Eucalyptus urograndis</i> and <i>Mimosa tenuiflora</i> (2017)

The feasibility of the usage of PAs produced with wood species planted in large scale in Brazil was evident and the real potential as a basis to produce natural antibacterial and antifungal agents, with real possibility to be used in veterinary and zootechnical applications.
COEFFICIENT PARTITION PREDICTION OF SATURATED MONOCARBOXYLIC ACIDS USING THE MOLECULAR DESCRIPTORS (2018)

Carboxylic acids have clearly been absent from the quantitative structure-property relationship literature. The studies of the quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR) involve various chemometric methods in which the physico-chemical behavior of a compound is correlated with its structure represented by the structural indices. For example, QSPR methods are applied for the prediction of octanol-water partition coefficient of an organic compound. In this study, the relationship between the octanol/water coefficient partition and molecular descriptors was investigated. Also, the multiple linear-regression method based on QSPR methodology was applied to predict the Log P of saturated mono-carboxylic acids C 1 -C 22 . On the other hand, the relation [ Log P = -0.426 ( Platt ) + 0.190 ( V/ A 3 ) -0.155 ( Max.P.A/ A 2 ) -1.914 ( X ) -1.576 ; N = 22, R 2 = 0.995 , F = 917.005, DW=1.391] was generated for selected mono-carboxylic acids. The results of study indicated that the Platt, Randic, Volume and Maximum-Projection-Area descriptors have an important role in predicting the octanol/water coefficient partition of saturated monocarboxylic acids (C 1 -C 22 ).
Limit cycles in single-stage delta-sigma modulators (2003)

This paper addresses the tonal behaviour of single-stage high-order delta-sigma modulators. Tones are caused whenever the modulator output sequence falls into a cyclic mode. The specific cyclic pattern (or limit cycle) depends on the modulator (dc) input signal and the initial conditions of the integrator outputs. Provided the periodic sequence is sufficiently long, i.e., longer than twice the modulator oversampling ratio, it can generate frequency components, which lie in the signal passband. This results in additional system noise. By using state-space notation, we show how these limit cycles do occur. An interesting result of our investigation is that short period cycles are more likely to persevere.