gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE USE OF ADJUVANTS IN STUDIES ON INFLUENZA IMMUNIZATION (1952)

Untoward reactions at the site of inoculation were not observed in monkeys vaccinated with influenza virus incorporated in a water-in-oil emulsion without acid-fast bacilli. Studies were then made to measure some of the dimensions of antigenicity of these emulsions to evaluate the extent of the immunologic adjuvant effect. This included measurements of height and persistence of the antibody response to inoculation and measurements of the extent to which the vaccine could be diluted and still induce antibody formation; i.e., antigenic extinction. In addition, comparisons were made of the rates of development of hemagglutination-inhibiting, virus-neutralizing, and complement-fixing antibody activities to determine the relationship among these three properties of the serum of immunized animals. It was found that levels of antibody many fold higher were induced by the virus-adjuvant mixtures as compared with virus in an aqueous menstruum, and that the level of antibody induced was related to the quantity of antigen incorporated in the emulsion. The stock vaccine when emulsified could be diluted 100,000-fold and was still active in antibody formation whereas a 100-fold dilution of the antigen without emulsification was essentially ineffective. Equivalent quantities of virus in 0.1 ml. or 1.0 ml. of emulsion induced antibody responses that were indistinguishable with respect to level or persistence. In comparing the course of antibody development it was found that hemagglutination-inhibiting, virus-neutralizing, and complement-fixing antibodies develop at different rates; careful analysis of the data derived from the present study together with other observations warrant the conclusion that these antibody activities are not present in constant proportion and are independent of one another. The implications of this observation and of the others mentioned above are discussed.
Impairment of macrophage eicosanoid and nitric oxide production by an alkaloid from Sinomenium acutum. (1994)

The effects of sinomenine (7,8-didehydro-4-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-17-methyl- 9 alpha,13 alpha,14 alpha-morphinan-6-one), a pure alkaloid extracted from the Chinese medical plant Sinomenium acutum, on different macrophage capacities were investigated in vitro using resident mouse peritoneal macrophages and the macrophage-like cell line RAW 264.7. Sinomenine markedly decreased prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene C4 synthesis of macrophages stimulated by zymosan or calcium ionophore and also significantly inhibited the nitric oxide production of RAW 264.7 cells activated by interferon-gamma/lipopolysaccharide. It can be considered that these effects are part of the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antirheumatic mechanisms of sinomenine.
Application of DFT codes for robustness to erasures (2002)

Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) codes are used to provide robustness against packet losses in IP networks. First, the relationship between DFT codes and over-complete expansions using frames is established. It is shown that the message recovery by syndrome decoding of erasures and direct signal space projection from received samples are equivalent. The error performance analysis of DFT codes is used to develop packetization criteria in order to guarantee minimum reconstruction error.
Separation and concentration of hazardous metals from aqueous solutions using sulfate-reducing bacteria (1990)

The removal of metals from aqueous solutions using sulfate-reducing bacteria was investigated. The sulfate-reducing bacteria utilized consisted of a consortium isolated from oil well brine. The consortium was capable of using lactate as a carbon and energy source and producing significant quantities of sulfide which reacted with solubilized metals to form insoluble metal sulfides. After formation, the metal sulfides were removed from solution via filtration. A variety of solubilized metals including lead, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, and chromium were removed from solution using sulfate-reducing bacteria. Removal efficiencies varied from metal to metal with lead exhibiting the highest levels of removal and chromium the lowest. 13 refs., 9 figs.
Association between the Lynch syndrome gene MSH2 and breast cancer susceptibility in a Canadian familial cancer registry (2017)

An increased risk of breast cancer in <i>MSH2</i> mutation carriers was demonstrated in a Canadian familial cancer registry. Women with breast cancer often had a personal and family history of multiple LS-related malignancies. These results suggest a potential role for intensified breast cancer surveillance among women with LS.
2,2′‐Azobis(2‐methylpropionitrile)‐Mediated Alkyne Hydrostannylation: Reaction Mechanism (2013)

Nicht so radikal wie gedacht: Die radikalische Hydrostannylierung von Alkinen wurde ausführlich untersucht, und obwohl jeder bisher publizierte Mechanismus rein radikalische Zwischenstufen umfasst, scheint dies nicht korrekt zu sein. Bei jeder radikalvermittelten Hydrostannylierung mit verschiedensten Alkinen wurden Spuren von molekularem Sauerstoff benötigt, was zu einem hybriden Mechanismus aus Einelektronentransfer und Radikalpropagation führt. AIBN=2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionitril). As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Carbon coatings on silicon carbide by reaction with chlorine-containing gases (1997)

Carbon films have been produced on the surface of β-SiC particles by reaction with Ar–Cl 2 and Ar–Cl 2 –H 2 gas mixtures at atmospheric pressure and temperatures of 600–1000 °C. The structure and composition of the carbon films have been investigated using XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. BET and TG were also used for measuring the amount of carbon formed in the reaction. Uniform nanoporous carbon films with surface area exceeding 1000 m 2 g -1 were obtained by reactions with Ar–Cl 2 gas at 600–1000 °C. Based on Raman spectroscopy and electron diffraction data, these films were identified as nanocrystalline graphite. An addition of hydrogen to the gas mixtures results in the etching of graphitic carbon. Traces of diamond were found along with amorphous carbon after treatment in Ar–Cl 2 –H 2 gas mixtures at temperatures above 900 °C.
A comparison of immunohistochemistry and mass spectrometry for determining the amyloid fibril protein from formalin-fixed biopsy tissue (2015)

Amyloidosis is caused by deposition in tissues of abnormal protein in a characteristic fibrillar form. There are many types of amyloidosis, classified according to the soluble protein precursor from which the amyloid fibrils are derived. Accurate identification of amyloid type is critical in every case since therapy for systemic amyloidosis is type specific. In ∼20-25% cases, however, immunohistochemistry (IHC) fails to prove the amyloid type and further tests are required. Laser microdissection and mass spectrometry (LDMS) is a powerful tool for identifying proteins from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. We undertook a blinded comparison of IHC, performed at the UK National Amyloidosis Centre, and LDMS, performed at the Mayo Clinic, in 142 consecutive biopsy specimens from 38 different tissue types. There was 100% concordance between positive IHC and LDMS, and the latter increased diagnostic accuracy from 76% to 94%. LDMS in expert hands is a valuable tool for amyloid diagnosis.
Recent Advances in Electrophilic CF3-Transfer Using Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents (2008)

The development of new methodologies for an efficient introduction of CF3 groups into complex molecules constitutes one of the most challenging tasks of modern organic chemistry. Recently, we reported the access to a new class of electrophilic CF3-transfer reagents based on hypervalent iodine. The versatile application of these reagents to C-centred nucleophiles, such as ?-keto esters, silyl enol ethers and ?-nitro esters, as well as to thiols and primary and secondary phosphines is described. Experiments with phenols afforded corresponding trifluomethylethers in very low yields.
Studies on the Active Components of <i>Digenea simplex</i> AG. and Related Compounds. XLVII (1957)

The active methylene in the side chain of the piperidone compound (VIII) was brominated to obtain a bromo-diester compound (XVI), which was saponified to the bromo-carboxylic acid (XVII). Bromination of the dicarboxylic acid (X) gave a dibromo compound (XXII), and that of the half ester (IX) gave the bromo-half ester compound (XIX), whose decarboxylation afforded two kinds of bromo-monoester (XX and XVIII). (XVIII) was also obtained by esterification of (XVII) and saponification of (XX) resulted in isomerization to form (XVII). Alkaline treatment of (XVI), (XVII), (XVIII), and (XX) all afford DL-2-carboxy-4-isopropyl-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid (XXI racemate). L-Form compound (XXI) obtained by the optical resolution of this racemic compound was found to agree with L-α-dihydrokainic acid (L-XXI) obtained by the reduction of natural α-kainic acid.
Global neurosurgery: the current capacity and deficit in the provision of essential neurosurgical care. Executive Summary of the Global Neurosurgery Initiative at the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change (2018)

Each year, more than 5 million individuals suffering from treatable neurosurgical conditions will never undergo therapeutic surgical intervention. Populations in Africa and Southeast Asia, where the proportion of neurosurgeons to neurosurgical disease is critically low, are especially at risk. Increasing access to essential neurosurgical care in low- and middle-income countries via neurosurgical workforce expansion as part of surgical system strengthening is necessary to prevent severe disability and death for millions with neurological disease.
Receptors, signal transduction, and spectrum of action of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and related chemokines (1995)

Chemokines are a bipartite family of chemotactic proteins that bear the structural hallmark of four cysteine residues, the first two of which are in tandem. The spectrum of action of C-C chemokines, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), MCP-2, and MCP-3, in particular, encompasses, in addition to monocytes, other leukocyte populations. Evidence is presented that MCP-1, MCP-2, and MCP-3 are active on natural killer cells. Available information on receptor usage by MCP-1 and related chemokines and signal transduction pathways is reviewed. A better understanding of signaling mechanisms will provide a new basis for therapeutic strategies.
Interface modes in nanostructured metal-dielectric metamaterials (2011)

We study surface modes at an interface separating two different layered metal-dielectric metamaterials. We demonstrate that, in a sharp contrast to the effective-medium approach predicting a single interface mode with the surface-plasmon dispersion, the transfer-matrix method reveals the existence of three types of localized interface modes, including a backward interface mode. These results confirm that metal-dielectric nanostructured metamaterials can demonstrate strong optical nonlocality due to the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons.
The Diels—Alder Reaction between Sorbic Acid and Substituted Styrenes (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Diels—Alder Reaction between Sorbic Acid and Substituted StyrenesN. C. Deno and James D. JohnstonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 13, 3233–3236Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01133a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views282Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (489 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MR. PARDIGGLE IN “BLEAK HOUSE” (1962)

MR. PARDIGGLE IN “BLEAK HOUSE” Get access PHILIP COLLINS PHILIP COLLINS Vaughan CollegeLeicester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 9, Issue 4, April 1962, Pages 150-b–151, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/9-4-150b Published: 01 April 1962
Hybrid NEMS-CMOS DC-DC Converter for Improved Area and Power Efficiency (2012)

Nano-electromechanical (NEM) relays are a promising class of emerging devices that exhibit zero leakage operation. Numerous end applications of NEM relay logic circuits have been proposed recently [1][2]. This work explores the usage of NEM relays in on-chip DC-DC converters. As a feasibility study of using NEMS in integrated power electronics, discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) buck regulator with specifications suitable for portable applications has been implemented in a NEMS-CMOS hybrid design and the results are compared against a standard commercial 0.35 μm CMOS implementation. R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> of the NEM relay switch is constant and is insensitive to the gate slew rate. This creates a paradigm shift in design of power switches. This coupled with infinite R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> offers significant area and power advantages over CMOS. Accurate Verilog-A models were developed based on published fabrication results of NEM relays [1] operating at 1V with a nominal air gap of 5-10nm. This work shows that NEMS-CMOS hybrid DC-DC converter has an area savings of 60V over CMOS and achieves 95% efficiency at max load condition (50mA).
Multi-Output Control of a Heavy Duty HCCI Engine Using Variable Valve Actuation and Model Predictive Control (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Autoignition of a homogeneous mixture is very sensitive to operating conditions, therefore fast control is necessary for reliable operation. There exists several means to control the combustion phasing of an Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine, but most of the presented controlled HCCI result has been performed with single-input single-output controllers. In order to fully operate an HCCI engine several output variables need to be controlled simultaneously, for example, load, combustion phasing, cylinder pressure and emissions. As these output variables have an effect on each other, the controller should be of a structure which includes the cross-couplings between the output variables. A Model Predictive Control (MPC) controller is proposed as a solution to the problem of load-torque control with simultaneous minimization of the fuel consumption and emissions, while satisfying the constraints on cylinder pressure. One of the major motivations for using MPC is that it explicitly takes the constraints into account. When operating an HCCI engine there are several contraints present, for example on the cylinder pressure and on the emissions. A drawback of MPC is the potentially large on-line computational effort, which has historically limited its application to relative slow and/or small applications. Today, MPC can be applied in relative fast systems, and we will demonstrate that it can be used for control of HCCI engine dynamics on a cycle-to-cycle basis.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">As feedback signal of the combustion phasing, the crank angle for 50% burned, based on cylinder pressure, is used. In the control design of the MPC controllers (one for each cylinder), dynamic models obtained by system identification were used. This paper presents cycle-to-cycle cylinder individual control results from a six-cylinder HCCI engine using a Variable Valve Actuation (VVA) system and MPC controllers.</div>
Synthesis and Structure of 5,7-Dimethylthieno[3,4-d]pyridazine (2010)

The reaction of 2,5-dimethylthiophene-3,4-dicarboxaldehye (3) with excess hydrazine hydrate afforded the desired 5,6-fused ring thiophene derivative, 5,7-dimethylthieno [3,4-d]pyridazine (4), in high yield (82%).Pyridazine 4 was characterized spectroscopically and its structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallography.Compound 4 was observed to have an inverted, coplanar stacking arrangement in the solid state.
Idealist 3.0 para Windows: Sistemas de gestión documental (1995)

Un sistema de gestion documental multibase, que puede trabajar tanto con registros estructurados como con texto libre y que proporciona funciones hipertextuales.
Calculation of optical line shapes for generalized multilevel vibronic systems (1984)

An approximate method for calculating the one-exciton Green’s functions (and hence the linear response optical line shapes) of a multilevel excited electronic manifold is presented. Vibronic coupling to low and high frequency modes are treated by appropriate perturbative techniques; the resulting numerical algorithms are rapidly convergent and easily evaluated. For two excited levels and single vibrational mode, the method reduces (at lowest order) to previous approximations which have been extensively compared with basis set results.
Influence of the Selectively Implanted Collector Integration on +400 GHz f<sub>MAX</sub> Si/SiGe:C HBTs (2010)

Optimization of SiGe HBT performances towards very high cut-off frequencies fT and fMAX requires high collector doping level together with low collector/base junction capacitance CBC. This compromise is usually achieved by localizing a dedicated collector implant (so-called SIC implant) under the intrinsic emitter/base region of the device. In this paper, we present the influence of the integration choice of the Selectively Implanted Collector (SIC) on the performance of +400 GHz fMAX Si/SiGe:C HBTs featuring a selective epitaxy of the base [1]. We describe in the first part of this paper the different process flows investigated for the SIC integration. Second part is dedicated to the analysis of the electrical results obtained for the different SIC modules and to the understanding of these results. We conclude on the perspectives to further improve hf performances.
A MMIC based injection locked oscillator for optically fed phased array antennas (2003)

A novel circuit, containing a high-gain-low-noise microwave injection-locked oscillator, has been developed to improve the interface between the optical and microwave sub-assemblies of optically fed phased array antennas. The circuit utilizes two FETs and a dielectric resonator, which serves as a frequency-dependent feedback element. The circuit provides significant amplitude and phase noise suppression and is designed to operate around 10 GHz. The circuit realization is fully compatible with MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reduced field‐of‐view MRI with two‐dimensional spatially‐selective RF excitation and UNFOLD (2005)

When the region of interest (ROI) is smaller than the object, one can increase MRI speed by reducing the imaging field of view (FOV). However, when such an approach is used, features outside the reduced FOV will alias into the reduced-FOV image along the phase-encoding direction. Reduced-FOV methods are designed to correct this aliasing problem. In the present study, we propose a combination of two different approaches to reduce the acquired FOV: 1) two-dimensional (2D) spatially-selective RF excitation, and 2) the unaliasing by Fourier-encoding the overlaps using the temporal dimension (UNFOLD) technique. While 2D spatially-selective RF excitation can restrict the spins excited within a reduced FOV, the UNFOLD technique can help to eliminate any residual aliased signals and thus relaxes the requirement for a long RF excitation pulse. This hybrid method was implemented for MR-based temperature mapping, and resulted in artifact-free images with a fourfold improvement in temporal resolution.
The Endodontic Cube: A System Designed for Evaluation of Root Canal Anatomy and Canal Preparation (2001)

An extensively redesigned muffle system is presented incorporating improved design features, such as rigid external fixation and machined internal indexing to enable a more accurate, clinically relevant, and reproducible evaluation of root canal anatomy before and after preparation. Given the ability to directly observe and quantify changes in the root canal system, the information obtained using this design is comprehensive. In each tooth pretreatment evaluation provides the ideal control, reinforcing the suitability of this technique.
Diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis in adults: a metaanalysis of the accuracy of CT, MR, and myelography. (1992)

We undertook a literature synthesis of CT, MR, and myelographic studies to evaluate what is known about the diagnostic accuracy of these imaging tests for the diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis in adults without prior surgery. From 116 possibly relevant studies, we reviewed 14 articles that included cases of spinal stenosis with a reference standard other than the imaging tests of interest. Of the studies we reviewed, two involved only MR, nine only CT, and three used both; six studies included myelography. Rating categories of A, B, C, or D were assigned for the quality of research methods used to estimate diagnostic accuracy. All studies received either a C or D rating. Common methodologic problems were failure to assemble a representative cohort for study, small sample size, and failure to maintain independence between image readings and reference standards. Sensitivity ranged from 0.81 to 0.97 for MR, from 0.70 to 1.0 for CT, and from 0.67 to 0.78 myelography. Studies varied greatly in case selection, definition of test and disease categories, and geographic locale, so no pooled estimates could be derived. In asymptomatic patients, abnormal findings appeared on CT or MR in 4-28% of cases and were more common in the elderly. Published studies of the value of CT and MR for the diagnosis of lumbar stenosis lack methodologic rigor and do not permit strong conclusions about the relative diagnostic accuracies of these procedures. For the present, the choice between MR or CT depends on issues such as costs, reimbursements, access to equipment, skill of radiologists, and patient safety. Better studies will be needed to document claims for improvements in imaging accuracy as MR technologies evolve. These studies should emphasize larger sample sizes, more attention to research designs that avoid methodologic biases, and the contribution of imaging diagnoses to ultimate clinical outcome.
How good is the Goemans-Williamson MAX CUT algorithm? (1996)

The celebrated semidefinite programming algorithm for MAX CUT introduced by Goemans and Williamson was known to have a performance ratio of at least α = 2 π min0<θ≤π θ 1−cos θ (0.87856 < α < 0.87857); the exact performance ratio was unknown. We prove that the performance ratio of their algorithm is exactly α. Furthermore, we show that it is impossible to add valid linear constraints to improve the performance ratio.