gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Smart sensors</title> (1991)

The term 'smart sensors' refers to sensors which contain both sensing and signal processing capabilities with objectives ranging from simple viewing to sophisticated remote sensing, surveillance, search/track, weapon guidance, robotics, perceptronics, and intelligence applications. In a broad sense, they include any sensor system covering the whole electromagnetic spectrum: this paper deals specifically with a new class of smart sensors in infrared spectral bands whose developments started some years ago, when it was recognized that the rapid advances of very large scale integration (VLSI) processor technology and mosaic infrared detector array technology could be combined to develop new generations of infrared smart sensor systems with much improved performances. Thus, sophisticated signal processing operations will be developed for these new systems by integrating microcomputers and other VLSI signal processors within or next to the sensor arrays, on the same focal plane, avoiding complex computing located far away from the sensors. Recently this approach has achieved higher goals by a new and revolutionary sensor concept which introduces inside the sensor some of the basic functions of living eyes, such as dynamic stare, dishomogeneity compensation, spatial and temporal filtering. New objectives and requirements of these new focal plane processors are presented for this type of new infrared smart sensor system. This paper concerns the processing techniques limited to the front end of the focal plane processing, namely, the enhancement of target-to-noise ratio by background clutter suppression and the improvement in target detection by a smart pattern correlation thresholding.
Microbial stereodifferentiating reduction of carbonyl compounds; proposed quadrant rule (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrobial stereodifferentiating reduction of carbonyl compounds; proposed quadrant ruleMasao Nakazaki, Hiroaki Chikamatsu, Koichiro Naemura, and Masaaki AsaoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 22, 4432–4440Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01310a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01310a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biomanufacturing: history and perspective (2016)

Abstract Biomanufacturing is a type of manufacturing that utilizes biological systems (e.g., living microorganisms, resting cells, animal cells, plant cells, tissues, enzymes, or in vitro synthetic (enzymatic) systems) to produce commercially important biomolecules for use in the agricultural, food, material, energy, and pharmaceutical industries. History of biomanufacturing could be classified into the three revolutions in terms of respective product types (mainly), production platforms, and research technologies. Biomanufacturing 1.0 focuses on the production of primary metabolites (e.g., butanol, acetone, ethanol, citric acid) by using mono-culture fermentation; biomanufacturing 2.0 focuses on the production of secondary metabolites (e.g., penicillin, streptomycin) by using a dedicated mutant and aerobic submerged liquid fermentation; and biomanufacturing 3.0 focuses on the production of large-size biomolecules—proteins and enzymes (e.g., erythropoietin, insulin, growth hormone, amylase, DNA polymerase) by using recombinant DNA technology and advanced cell culture. Biomanufacturing 4.0 could focus on new products, for example, human tissues or cells made by regenerative medicine, artificial starch made by in vitro synthetic biosystems, isobutanol fermented by metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology-driven microorganisms, as well as exiting products produced by far better approaches. Biomanufacturing 4.0 would help address some of the most important challenges of humankind, such as food security, energy security and sustainability, water crisis, climate change, health issues, and conflict related to the energy, food, and water nexus.
A framework for modeling and optimal control of automatic transmission systems (2015)

Development of efficient control algorithms for the control of automatic transmission systems is crucial to maintain passenger comfort and operational life of the transmission components. An optimization framework is developed by state space modeling of a powertrain including a nine speed automatic transmission, diesel engine, torque converter and a model for longitudinal vehicle dynamics considering drive shaft as the only flexibility of the driveline. Emphasis is set on the kinematics of the automatic transmission with the aim of modeling for gearshift optimal control during the inertia phase. Considering the interacting forces between planetary gearsets, clutches and brakes in the transmission, kinematic equations of motion are derived for rotating transmission components enabling to calculate both transmission dynamics and internal forces. The model is then used in optimal control problem formulations for the analysis of optimal control transients in two up-shift cases.
Establishing Technical Specifications for New Zealand's New 10 Cent, 20 Cent and 50 Cent Coins (2008)

This article explains the analytical process through which the Reserve Bank established technical specifications for New Zealand’s recently issued silver- and copper-coloured coins. The new coins are smaller and are constructed using metal plating rather than solid alloy. Both these innovations reduced the cost of manufacturing New Zealand’s coins, but also required extensive testing and analysis to meet the needs of the vending machine industry and the general public. In particular, the Reserve Bank needed to be satisfied that the coins could work reliably in vending machines, yet also be hard to fake. The coins also had to withstand the wear they would be likely to receive in circulation.
[Pulmonary silicosis and disseminated lupus erythematosus]. (1983)

In a 59-year old sand-blaster, histologically proven silicosis was complicated by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and focal glomerulonephritis with IgG, IgA and ClQ deposits. Nothing likely to facilitate SLE was detected by investigating the familial background, the HLA phenotype and the complement system. This type of SLE differs from drug-induced lupus-like syndromes by a high level of anti-double helix DNA antibodies and by the renal lesions observed. The connection between silicosis and SLE lies in changes in humoral immunity, i.e. polyclonal activation and production of antinuclear antibodies. A decrease in the number of suppressor T-cells may also be held responsible.
El tratamiento en prensa de la epidemia de cólera de 1851 (1998)

Cuando a mediados del siglo XIX se declaro una epidemia de colera en la isla de Gran Canaria, la prensa de Tenerife, otra de las islas de Canarias, no presto demasiada atencion a aquella tragedia que causo la muerte de mas de 6.000 personas. El autor explica las causas de aquella falta de informacion y deja entrever que de alguna manera fue intencionado, lo mismo que la falta de auxilio desde una isla a otra.
A study of separation efficiency in thermal diffusion columns with a permeable vertical barrier (1986)

Abstract A separation theory in thermal diffusion columns with a permeable vertical barrier has been derived by making use of the orthogonal expansion method. It is shown that the undesirable remixing effect can be effectively reduced and controlled by introducing a permeable vertical barrier. Considerable improvement in separation was obtained when the position of the barrier was carefully chosen.
Volume phase grating based flat-top passband response dense wavelength division multiplexers (2004)

We report on a novel method and technique for flattening and broadening transmission passband spectrum of dense wavelength-division multiplexers with high channel isolation based on free-space diffraction grating technologies for optical communications networks.
Commentary: The Designated Institutional Official: One DIO??s Perspective (2006)

This Commentary is a companion piece to the Research Report by Riesenberg, Rosenbaum, and Stick appearing in this issue, “Characteristics, Roles, and Responsibilities of the Designated Institutional Official (DIO) Position in Graduate Medical Education.” This article helps to establish the context in which DIOs operate generally and presents the perspective of one DIO specifically. The author reflects on his experience as the DIO and dean for the Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education since the creation of the DIO position. The organization and leadership of the GME program at Mayo's three campuses is discussed, as well as the structure and function of the Graduate Medical Education Committee. The author offers commentary on his responsibilities as DIO at Mayo and how they have evolved during his tenure. He juxtaposes his own experiences against those of other DIOs, as reported by Riesenberg et al., and reflects on the possibilities for the DIO position to positively affect GME.
An Ensemble Method for Spelling Correction in Consumer Health Questions. (2015)

Orthographic and grammatical errors are a common feature of informal texts written by lay people. Health-related questions asked by consumers are a case in point. Automatic interpretation of consumer health questions is hampered by such errors. In this paper, we propose a method that combines techniques based on edit distance and frequency counts with a contextual similarity-based method for detecting and correcting orthographic errors, including misspellings, word breaks, and punctuation errors. We evaluate our method on a set of spell-corrected questions extracted from the NLM collection of consumer health questions. Our method achieves a F1 score of 0.61, compared to an informed baseline of 0.29, achieved using ESpell, a spelling correction system developed for biomedical queries. Our results show that orthographic similarity is most relevant in spelling error correction in consumer health questions and that frequency and contextual information are complementary to orthographic features.
Mining Business Process Activities from Email Logs (2017)

Due to its wide use in personal, but most importantly, professional contexts, email represents a valuable source of information that can be harvested for understanding, reengineering and repurposing undocumented business processes of companies and institutions. Few researchers have investigated the problem of extracting and analyzing the process-oriented information contained in emails. In this paper, we go forward in this direction by proposing a new method to discover business process activities from email logs. Towards this aim, emails are grouped according to the process model they belong to. This is followed by sub-grouping and labeling the emails of each process model into business activity types. These tasks are applied by deploying an unsupervised mining technique accompanied by semantic similarity measurement methods. Two representative similarity measurement methods are examined: Latent Semantic Indexing (LSA) and Word2vec. These methods are compared to prove that Word2vec provides a better performance than LSA in grouping emails according to what process model they are related to, and in discovering emails belonging to the same activity type. Experimental results are detailed to illustrate and prove our approach contributions.
Thion‐ und dithioester, 45. Eigenschaften und Reaktionen der Thiobernstein‐ und Thioglutarsäureester (1988)

Abstract Thiobernstein‐ und Thioglutarsäureester wie 1 und 15 bilden mit 2 Äquivalenten LDA die zugehörigen Dilithium‐dithioenolate 3 und 17 , vornehmlich in einer di‐ cis ‐Konfiguration bezüglich S ⊖ Ihre Methylierungs‐ und Oxidationsreaktionen werden näher untersucht. Kondensation mit N , N ‐Dimethylformamid‐diethylacetal ( 25 ) liefert bei den Thiobernsteinsäureestern Thiophene, bei den Thioglutarsäureestern Thioacrylsäure‐Derivate als Spaltprodukte.
Update of Moyamoya Disease (2007)

Moyamoya disease is characterized by bilateral stenosis or occlusion of distal internal carotid artery (ICA) bifurcation including its proximal branches and abnormal vascular network (moyamoya vessel, MMV) in the vicinity of the arterial occlusions. It is the most common pediatric cerebrovascular disease in Eastern Asia, particularly in Korea and Japan. The etiology is still unknown, but much about the pathology from autopsies, factors involved in its pathogenesis, and its genetics have been studied and reported. It may cause ischemic attacks or cerebral infarctions in children and cerebral hemorrhage in adults. Because of its aggressive clinical course in very young children, the need for early detection and treatment has been recognized. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/MR angiography (MRA), cerebral hemodynamic studies, and cerebral angiography are used for the diagnosis. The treatment basically focuses on prevention of further ischemia and infarction through revascularization. Technically, direct and indirect bypass methods are used. The treatment strategy needs to be individualized in each patient. Outcomes of revascularization procedures are excellent in preventing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) in most patients.
Vision based autonomous docking of VTOL UAV using a mobile robot manipulator (2017)

This paper proposes a system that allows the docking of a hovering VTOL UAV (Vertical Take-off and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) by a mobile manipulator during an exploration or navigation mission for use in heterogeneous robotic team. A single camera configured as eye-in-hand device at the end of the mobile manipulator is used to detect and track the position and orientation of a fiducial marker which is fixed at the bottom of the UAV. By employing visual information in a specified workspace, the position of the UAV is controlled in a predefined 3D coordinate system that allows the UAV to hover in a stationary position with respect to the mobile robot base. At the same time, the end effector is programmed to continuously follow the movements of the UAV in order to prevent the loss of sight. The final contact between the UAV and manipulator is made possible with the approach of the end effector in a controlled manner, while maintaining visual contact with the UAV during the docking process. A special magnetic connection is designed that allows coupling of the two parts that are located at the end effector and at the bottom of the UAV, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed system is tested through simulations and the results are verified.
Simple iterative decoding stop criterionfor wireless packet transmission (2000)

An efficient iterative decoding stop criterion is proposed that can reduce the delay and computation time. The proposed preset method is based on the SNR estimation and stop criterion concept. It uses adaptation of the maximum iteration number according to the CSI (channel state information) and the criterion of the delta variance parameter in the decoding process.
Dynamic DNA Origami Device for Measuring Compressive Depletion Forces (2017)

The ability to self-assemble nanodevices with programmed structural dynamics that can sense and respond to the local environment could enable transformative applications in fields including molecular robotics, nanomanufacturing, and nanomedicine. The responsive function of biomolecules is often driven by alterations in conformational distributions mediated by highly sensitive interactions with the local environment. Here, we mimic this approach by engineering inherent nanoscale structural dynamics (nanodynamics) into a DNA device that exhibits a distribution of conformations including two stable states separated by a transition state where the energy barrier height is on the scale of the thermal energy, k<sub>B</sub>T = 4.1 pN·nm, enabling spontaneous transitions between states. We further establish design principles to regulate the equilibrium and kinetic behavior by substituting a few DNA strand components. We use single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer measurements to show these nanodynamic properties are sensitive to sub-piconewton depletion forces in the presence of molecular crowding agents, and the device can measure depletion forces with a resolution of ∼100 fN. We anticipate that this approach of engineering nanodynamic DNA devices will enable molecular-scale systems that sense and respond to their local environment with extremely high sensitivity.
RF bonding investigation: the effects of a space environment on coatings (1999)

Coatings are commonly used in the aerospace industry for corrosion control of metals. The impedance of these coatings can reduce the effectiveness of EMI filters. This paper documents the effects of a space environment on a variety of coatings applied to electrical bonding surfaces. Nickel plating, anodizing, and chemical conversion coatings of alodine and iridite are investigated. The test fixture is designed to simulate a feed-through filter in a metal chassis. The filter insertion loss is shown as a function of both frequency and coating.
Pattern Recognition for Industrial Monitoring and Security using the Fuzzy Sugeno Integral and Modular Neural Networks (2007)

We describe in this paper the evolution of modular neural networks using hierarchical genetic algorithms for pattern recognition. Modular neural networks (MNN) have shown significant learning improvement over single neural networks (NN). For this reason, the use of MNN for pattern recognition is well justified. However, network topology design of MNN is at least an order of magnitude more difficult than for classical NNs. We describe in this paper the use of a hierarchical genetic algorithm (HGA) for optimizing the topology of each of the neural network modules of the MNN. The HGA is clearly needed due to the fact that topology optimization requires that we are able to manage both the layer and node information for each of the MNN modules. Simulation results prove the feasibility and advantages of the proposed approach.
Anti-viral activities of herbal preparations (2010)

Upper respiratory tract infections (URI) represent the most frequent infectious disease in the western civilisation and 90–95% are of viral origin [1]. Many herbal cold remedies own anti-viral activity, which in some cases is directed to viruses not involved in respiratory infections and the term „antiviral“ in the context of their use maybe misleading. In our experiments we compared different herbal preparations, which are traditionally used for the treatment of URI. Thirty (30) preparations from twenty (20) plants were tested for their antiviral activity against the most frequent cold viruses. No significant effect was observed against RV or adenovirus for any of the extracts tested. Membrane-coated viruses like influenza, RSV or HSV were more sensitive to the samples. Mentha piperita, Pelargonium sidoides and Cistus incanus extracts showed moderate to strong activity against H3N2 virus and Tilia ssp and Sambucus nigra were effective against RSV. Only weak activity was observed against HSV by Tilia ssp and Sambucus nigra. A combination product of E. purpurea herba and root showed extraordinary antiviral effects against influenza, RSV and HSV simultaneously. The effects exceeded the otherwise measured by a factor 4 to 40. Our experiments indicate that many traditionally used plant extract exhibit moderate effects on virulence or replication of the most prominent cold viruses. Some extracts exhibit activity against a particular virus but not against others. A special E. purpurea extract however did show remarkable anti-viral activity against different respiratory viruses at physiologically relevant concentrations.
Missing information and discounting: Exploration and extension (2006)

Missing information (MI), if detected, often leads to alternative discounting. However, inferences reduce uncertainty of MI and thus reduce discounting. This paper suggests that discounting results not only from uncertainty of MI, but from consumers overall confidence in evaluating" (CE). Confidently held inferences help resolve MI uncertainty, improve CE and attenuate discounting. This mediating role of CE suggests discounting/evaluation effects could also be observed in `non-MI contexts involving other types of uncertainty detection and resolution. An experiment demonstrates the role of CE, and a model proposes interactive effects of sources of uncertainty, and uncertainty detection and resolution on overall CE and discounting. The model extends the long observed discounting effect of MI to broader situations and highlights roles of ambiguity detection/resolution in evaluation effects.
Genetic analysis of artificial pigmentation mutants in Porphyra yezoensis Ueda (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) (2000)

SUMMARY

Porphyra yezoensis Ueda artificial pigmentation mutants, yel (green), fre (red-orange) and bop (pink), obtained by treatment with /V-methyl-/V′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, were genetically analysed. The mutations associated with color phenotypes are recessive because all of the heterozygous conchocelis resembled the wild type color when they were crossed with the wild type (wt). In the reciprocal crosses of yel × wt, both parental colors and eight types of blades appeared in the F1 gametophytic blades from the heterozygous conchocelis. Both colors segregated in the sectored F1 blades in a 1:1 ratio, indicating that the color pheno-type of yel resulted from a single mutation in the nuclear gene. In the reciprocal crosses of fre × wt, however, four colors and more than 40 types of blades appeared in the F1 blades from the heterozygous conchocelis, indicating that the color phenotype of fre resulted from two mutations in different genes. In the reciprocal crosses of bop×wt, three colors and 12 types of blades were observed in the F1 blades from the heterozygous conchocelis. Both parental colors appeared far more frequently than the third new color. These results indicated that the color phenotype of bop resulted from two closely linked mutations in different genes, and the epistasis occurred in the F1 blades. The mutants, yel, fre and bop, differ from the spontaneous green (C-O), the red (H-25) and the violet (V-O) mutants of P. yezoensis, respectively.