gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Balanced Quantization: An Effective and Efficient Approach to Quantized Neural Networks (2017)

Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs), which use low bitwidth numbers for representing parameters and performing computations, have been proposed to reduce the computation complexity, storage size and memory usage. In QNNs, parameters and activations are uniformly quantized, such that the multiplications and additions can be accelerated by bitwise operations. However, distributions of parameters in Neural Networks are often imbalanced, such that the uniform quantization determined from extremal values may under utilize available bitwidth. In this paper, we propose a novel quantization method that can ensure the balance of distributions of quantized values. Our method first recursively partitions the parameters by percentiles into balanced bins, and then applies uniform quantization. We also introduce computationally cheaper approximations of percentiles to reduce the computation overhead introduced. Overall, our method improves the prediction accuracies of QNNs without introducing extra computation during inference, has negligible impact on training speed, and is applicable to both Convolutional Neural Networks and Recurrent Neural Networks. Experiments on standard datasets including ImageNet and Penn Treebank confirm the effectiveness of our method. On ImageNet, the top-5 error rate of our 4-bit quantized GoogLeNet model is 12.7\%, which is superior to the state-of-the-arts of QNNs.
Integrating Calcium Supplementation into Facility-Based Antenatal Care Services in Western Kenya: A Qualitative Process Evaluation to Identify Implementation Barriers and Facilitators (2018)

Although integrating calcium into antenatal iron-folic acid supplementation was generally acceptable to ANC providers, pregnant women, and their families, calcium supplementation presents unique challenges that must be considered to successfully implement these guidelines.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02238704.
Convenient Procedures for the Preparation of Lipophilic Quaternary Onium Fluorides, Hydrogendifluorides and Dihydrogentrifluorides via Ion Exchange in Two-Phase Systems (1988)

A series of lipophilic quaternary onium fluorides 2, hydrogendifluorides 3, and dihydrogentrifluorides 4 are easily synthesized in almost quantitative yields from the corresponding quaternary hydrogen sulfates by exchange with the appropriate anion in an organic aqueous two-phase system; alternatively quaternary salts 4 can be prepared from onium chlorides 5 or bromides 6 under the same conditions.
Multi-layered deformable surfaces for virtual clothing (2004)

We propose a positional constraint method to solve the multi-layered deformable surface problem based on a master-slave scheme. This allows two or more deformable surfaces to be attached together in any orientation relative to each other for the purpose of modeling cloth attachments and multi-layered clothing. The method does not require the mesh resolution of the deformable surfaces to be the same or the matching of anchor points between layers. After the attachment process, the surfaces are treated as a multi-layered surface. However, this surface contains non-manifold features. We introduce a technique for preventing self-intersection of the non-manifold features. We demonstrate the stability of this method by performing several experiments with high surface complexity and a large number of colliding feature pairs. Interactive rates can easily be achieved for multilayered surfaces with an appropriate discretization level of triangles.
Social Network Model of Construction (2008)

Engineering and construction projects are dependent on two fundamental elements: (1) the ability to plan and manage the technical components of the project such as the tasks and resources; and (2) the ability of the project participants to effectively develop into a high performance team. Historically, the industry has focused extensively on optimizing the project management processes associated with the former element. In this focus, organizations have emphasized the ability to develop the optimum plan, allocate resources efficiently, and utilize control functions to ensure that the project stays on schedule and within budget. Although this has been effective, this engineering focus has reached the point of diminishing results. Specifically, the engineering approach to project management has neglected to recognize the importance of the participants to the success of the overall project. Rather, the engineering approach has favored the development of an optimum plan as the path to effective project management. In this paper, the engineering-based approach to project success is reconfigured to reemphasize the need to develop high performing teams by recognizing the importance of the project network. This recognition is formalized in the social network model of construction that integrates classic project management concepts with social science variables to enhance the focus on knowledge sharing as the foundation for achieving high performance teams and project results.
Inﬂuence of fake news in Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election (2019)

The dynamics and influence of fake news on Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election remains to be clarified. Here, we use a dataset of 171 million tweets in the five months preceding the election day to identify 30 million tweets, from 2.2 million users, which contain a link to news outlets. Based on a classification of news outlets curated by www.opensources.co, we find that 25% of these tweets spread either fake or extremely biased news. We characterize the networks of information flow to find the most influential spreaders of fake and traditional news and use causal modeling to uncover how fake news influenced the presidential election. We find that, while top influencers spreading traditional center and left leaning news largely influence the activity of Clinton supporters, this causality is reversed for the fake news: the activity of Trump supporters influences the dynamics of the top fake news spreaders.
Integrated-optical switching system (1980)

A 1×4 type integrated-optical switching system with an input modulator was constructed. The main parameters of this system were determined. The system consisted of controlled Bragg-diffraction deflectors located on a lithium niobate crystal plate with a diffused titanium-doped waveguide. The switching system was characterized by low-voltage control, a pass band of the input modulator amounting to a few hundreds of megahertz, a channel switching frequency up to 100 MHz, and a decoupling between the optical channels of at least 20 dB. It should be possible to construct a 1×16 optical switching system with an input modulator in a plate 25 mm long.
Identification and characterization of a DR4-restricted T cell epitope within chlamydia heat shock protein 60 (1997)

An epitope within the 60 kD Chlamydia trachomatis heat shock protein (hsp) 60, recognized by a HLA-DRB1*0401-restricted T cell clone from a reactive arthritis patient, has been characterized. Stimulatory peptides contained a nine amino acid sequence (residues 38-46) predicted by algorithm to confer strong binding to DRB1*0401, with valine in the P1 position. The overall length of the peptide was critical for efficient recognition; peptides with at least one residue N-terminal to the putative P1 position were markedly more stimulatory than a peptide whose N-terminal is the P1 valine. Optimal responses were seen with 14mer peptides having two to three amino acids N- and C-terminal to the core 9mer. The sequence of the defined epitope is identical in hsp60 from both C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae. Since the latter is a common respiratory pathogen, patients infected with C. trachomatis may already be primed for responses to hsp60 by prior infection with C. pneumoniae. Such secondary responses are important in the pathogenesis of chlamydia-induced inflammatory diseases such as trachoma. Priming by infection with enteric organisms was considered because of the similarity of the epitope sequence in Escherichia coli hsp60. However, although an E. coli-related peptide was recognized, intact E. coli hsp60 was not, suggesting that the epitope is cryptic in E. coli hsp60. Human hsp60 has six amino acid differences from chlamydial hsp60 in the epitope sequence and was not recognized. Thus cross-reactive recognition of self hsp60 could not be implicated in the pathogenesis of chlamydia-induced reactive arthritis in this patient.
Identification of the Enzyme Required for Activation of the Small Ubiquitin-like Protein SUMO-1 (1999)

The ubiquitin-like protein SUMO-1 is conjugated to a variety of proteins including Ran GTPase-activating protein 1 (RanGAP1), IkappaBalpha, and PML. SUMO-1-modified proteins display altered subcellular targeting and/or stability. We have purified the SUMO-1-activating enzyme from human cells and shown that it contains two subunits of 38 and 72 kDa. Isolation of cDNAs for each subunit indicates that they are homologous to ubiquitin-activating enzymes and to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae enzymes responsible for conjugation of Smt3p and Rub-1p. In vitro, recombinant SAE1/SAE2 (SUMO-1-activating enzyme) was capable of catalyzing the ATP-dependent formation of a thioester linkage between SUMO-1 and SAE2. The addition of the SUMO-1-conjugating enzyme Ubch9 resulted in efficient transfer of the thioester-linked SUMO-1 from SAE2 to Ubch9. In the presence of SAE1/SAE2, Ubch9, and ATP, SUMO-1 was efficiently conjugated to the protein substrate IkappaBalpha. As SAE1/SAE2, Ubch9, SUMO-1, and IkappaBalpha are all homogeneous, recombinant proteins, it appears that SUMO-1 conjugation of IkappaBalpha in vitro does not require the equivalent of an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase activity.
Supported Absorption of CO<sub>2</sub> by Tetrabutylphosphonium Amino Acid Ionic Liquids (2006)

A new type of "task specific ionic liquid", tetrabutylphosphonium amino acid [P(C4)4][AA], was synthesized by the reaction of tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide [P(C4)4][OH] with amino acids, including glycine, L-alanine, L-beta-alanine, L-serine, and L-lysine. The liquids produced were characterized by NMR, IR spectroscopies, and elemental analysis, and their thermal decomposition temperature, glass transition temperature, electrical conductivity, density, and viscosity were recorded in detail. The [P(C4)4][AA] supported on porous silica gel effected fast and reversible CO2 absorption when compared with bubbling CO2 into the bulk of the ionic liquid. No changes in absorption capacity and kinetics were found after four cycles of absorption/desorption. The CO2 absorption capacity at equilibrium was 50 mol % of the ionic liquids. In the presence of water (1 wt %), the ionic liquids could absorb equimolar amounts of CO2. The CO2 absorption mechanisms of the ionic liquids with and without water were different.
Phosphopeptides derived from human salivary acidic proline-rich proteins. Biological activities and concentration in saliva (1990)

Human saliva contains a large number of phosphopeptides derived by cleavage of acidic proline-rich proteins (APRPs). These peptides were purified by column chromatography and they constituted 0.5% of APRPs in parotid saliva, but 11% of APRPs in saliva expectorated from the mouth (whole saliva), indicating that there is considerable cleavage of APRPs after secretion from the gland. Similarly to APRP, the phosphopeptides bind Ca2+, but they accounted for only 4% of protein-bound Ca2+ in whole saliva. APRPs as well as the phosphopeptides inhibited formation of hydroxyapatite, but, whereas 19-20 micrograms of APRP was needed for 50% inhibition, only 0.7-3.3 micrograms of purified peptides was needed for the same degree of activity, and the phosphopeptides accounted for 18% of total inhibitory activity in whole saliva. All phosphopeptides adsorbed on hydroxyapatite in vitro, and adsorption of phosphopeptides on tooth surfaces in vivo could also be demonstrated, indicating that they would be able to inhibit unwanted mineral formation on the tooth surface in vivo. Degradation of APRPs after secretion therefore does not lead to a loss of their biological activities.
Flanking sequences of Xenopus 5 S RNA genes determine differential inhibition of transcription by H1 histone in vitro. Mitotic phosphorylation of H1 decreases its inhibitory power. (1990)

In Xenopus laevis chromatin histone H1 selectively inhibits the transcription of oocyte 5 S RNA genes while not affecting the transcription of somatic 5 S RNA genes (Schlissel, M. S., and Brown, D. D. (1984) Cell 37, 903-913; Wolffe, A. P. (1989) EMBO J. 8, 527-537). To explore possible mechanisms of this specific action of H1 we analyzed the in vitro transcription of H1.DNA complexes. We found that the selective inhibitory effect of H1 in this system depends entirely on the flanking sequences of 5 S RNA genes and not on the coding sequence itself. At an H1:DNA ratio above approximately 0.4, H1 strongly inhibited the transcription of the gene surrounded by the A + T-rich flanks characteristic of oocyte 5 S RNA genes, whereas it did not prevent transcription of the genes surrounded by G + C-rich somatic-type flanks. This was reflected by strongly preferential binding of H1 to isolated 5 S RNA genes contained within A + T-rich flanks. We also showed that superphosphorylation of H1 with growth-associated (mitotic) H1 kinase invariably decreased H1's ability to inhibit transcription in an in vitro system.
An Intelligent System for Machinery Condition Monitoring (2008)

A reliable monitoring system is critically needed in a wide range of industries to detect the occurrence of a fault to prevent machinery performance degradation, malfunction, and sudden failure. In this paper, a new intelligent system, extended neurofuzzy (ENF) scheme, is proposed for real-time machinery condition monitoring. The monitoring reliability is improved by integrating the predicted machinery condition to fault diagnosis. The ENF scheme can perform both classification and prediction operations. The ENF classifier integrates the merits of several signal processing techniques for a more positive assessment of the machinery condition. The ENF predictor forecasts the machinery condition propagation trends. An interscheme training technique is proposed to improve the ENF system's adaptive capability to accommodate different operation conditions. The viability of this new monitoring system has been verified by experimental tests. Test results have shown that the developed ENF system is a robust condition monitoring tool that has good adaptive capabilities to accommodate different machinery conditions.
Conversion Processes in Anaerobic Digestion (1983)

Six different conversion processes are identified in the degradation of particulate organic material (biopolymers) to methane. Hydrolysis of particulate material is followed by the degradation of the hydrolysis and intermediary products by five independent groups of microorganisms. Process and growth kinetic data for the six processes are reviewed. The kinetic data are applied to the design of an anaerobic digester for raw domestic sludge. Variations in loading rates primarily affect acetate decarboxylation and, thereby, may cause shifts in pH which, in turn, cause the digester to operate in the acidic regime.
Issues in building dynamic real-time systems (1992)

The issues involved in building dynamic, hard real-time systems, in which resource availability and requirements are not fixed, are discussed. It is shown that the problem of ensuring timing correctness in dynamic real-time systems has three aspects: resource requirements, resource availability, and guarantees. These issues overlap, and a single mechanism or technique may address several issues. The R-Shell, an object-oriented framework that structures resources in a class hierarchy so that they can be selected or substituted dynamically is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
E‐cadherin and calretinin: a useful combination of immunochemical markers for differentiation between mesothelioma and metastatic adenocarcinoma (1998)

The combination of E-cadherin/calretinin appears to be a suitable panel for distinguishing metastatic carcinomas and mesotheliomas in pleural lesions. The additional value of other markers is limited.
6U CubeSat design for Earth observation with 6▪5m GSD, five spectral bands and 14Mbps downlink (2010)

Abstract The design of a 6U CubeSat including spacecraft systems and imaging payload is described for an Earth observation mission. From a Sun synchronous orbit at an altitude of 600km the design enables imaging with a 6.5m GSD, an optical MTF (on axis) of >59% at half Nyquist and >35% at Nyquist, a 26km swath, 12 bit digitisation and SNR of 120-200:one in five spectral bands; blue, green, red, red edge and near infrared. Data can be downlinked at the rate of 14 Mbps to a 3.7m S band ground station. This design allows an 8kg CubeSat to perform Earth observation missions equivalent to those of current 50-150kg microsatellites, with a corresponding reduction in cost.
News (1989)

Dear Editor NAWCH is delighted to welcome the new journal Paediatric Nursing and our national branches and offices send you our very best wishes for a successful launch.
Numerical Study of Ejected Droplet Formation in Two-Liquid System (2003)

Numerical simulation code is developed to study the formation of liquid drops from a nozzle into another quiescent liquid. The Navier-Stokes equations for two immiscible, incompressible, Newtonian fluids are solved on a fixed, staggered grid of cylindrical axisymmetric coordinates. Interfacial motion is captured using a Front-Tracking Method. The time variation of interfacial shape simulated by the code is in excellent agreement with experiments. Simulation results show that the viscosity ratio affects the size of the satellite drops.
Infection of the Laboratory Mouse with the Intracellular Pathogen<i>Ehrlichia chaffeensis</i> (1998)

To determine the basis of susceptibility and resistance to human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME), immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice were infected with Ehrlichia chaffeensis and bacterial loads were measured by PCR and by immunohistochemistry. Immunocompetent (C. B-17 and C57BL/6) mice cleared the bacteria within 10 days, but immunocompromised SCID and SCID/BEIGE mice developed persistent infection in the spleen, liver, peritoneal cavity, brain, lung, and bone marrow and became moribund within 24 days. Both immunocompromised strains lack T and B lymphocytes, but the SCID/BEIGE strain is also deficient in natural killer (NK) cell function. During advanced stages of disease, the infections were associated with wasting, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, liver granulomas and necroses, intravascular coagulation, and granulomatous inflammation. Histochemical and immunohistochemical localization studies confirmed the presence of bacteria in tissues, and viable bacteria were cultured from infected animals. The data reveal that T and/or B cells play an essential role during resistance of immunocompetent mice to infection with E. chaffeensis and demonstrate the utility of immunocompromised mice as an experimental model for the study of HME.
Sperm preparation techniques and iatrogenic failures of in-vitro fertilization (1991)

Journal Article Sperm preparation techniques and iatrogenic failures of in-vitro fertilization Get access David Mortimer David Mortimer Endocrine/Infertility Clinic, Department of Ob/Gyn, University of Calgary Health Sciences Centre3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Reproduction, Volume 6, Issue 2, 1 February 1991, Pages 173–176, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137300 Published: 01 February 1991 Article history Received: 10 December 1990 Published: 01 February 1991
Floodplain Regulation Downstream of Barrett Dam, CA (1987)

Barrett Dam is owned and operated by the City of San Diego, California. The Dam was built in the early 1920's to be an additional source of water for the growing City with a possible capacity of approximately 44,800 acre-ft. of water. This paper describes the response of the dam to heavy storms that occurred in Southern California in 1980. Synthetic hydrographs were developed for the historical events and an analysis was developed to determine what impact the dam had on the 'naturally' occurring watershed hydrograph. Subsequent to construction of the dam, encroachments were allowed to occur within the downstream floodplain. This paper evaluates the impacts on the operation of the reservoir in order to protect those encroachments from inundation and points out the absolute necessity for proper floodplain development regulations if the integrity of the project yield is to be maintained.
Unbalanced Grid Fault Ride-Through Control for a Wind Turbine Inverter (2007)

Large variable speed wind turbines with fully rated, direct-in-line converters are increasingly used as silicon cost continues to decline. While grid codes require wind turbines to ride-through grid faults, including unbalanced faults, voltage source inverters interfaced to the grid are inherently sensitive to any unbalance in the a.c. voltage. This paper presents an unbalanced grid fault ride-through control method for such a wind turbine configuration. The method can be easily integrated into the power tracking control needed during normal operation. It is shown that the major constraint is the 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> order harmonic to be absorbed by the d.c. link capacitor and that the control effectiveness depends on the voltage and current capabilities of the semiconductor devices in the inverter. Simulation and experimental results are used to validate the proposed control method and to identify the power limit that is necessary during ride-through.
Linking Policy on Climate and Food (2011)

Agriculture and the food system need to move center stage in preparing for UN climate negotiations in December 2011.
The molecular anatomy of caldesmon (1991)

Research Article| October 01 1991 The molecular anatomy of caldesmon S B Marston; S B Marston 1Department of Cardiac Medicine, The National Heart and Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar C S Redwood C S Redwood 1Department of Cardiac Medicine, The National Heart and Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1991) 279 (1): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2790001 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation S B Marston, C S Redwood; The molecular anatomy of caldesmon. Biochem J 1 October 1991; 279 (1): 1–16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2790001 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1991 The Biochemical Society, London1991 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Methyl 3-oxo-ω-fluorosulfonylperfluoropentanoate: a versatile trifluoromethylating agent for organic halides (1993)

Methyl 3-oxo-ω-fluorosulfonylperfluoropentanoate FSO2CF2CF2OCF2CO2Me 1, prepared through the reaction of readily available ICF2CF2OCF2CF2SO2F and SO3 followed by MeOH, is a very convenient trifluoromethylating agent; in the presence of copper(I) iodide, 1not only reacts with vinyl, benzyl allyl, phenyl iodides and bromides, but also with aryl chlorides to give the corresponding trifluoromethyl compounds in moderate to high yield; a probable reaction mechanism is proposed.