gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SU‐GG‐J‐105: Image‐Guided Thermal Ablation in Bone Using Dynamic Chemical Shift Imaging (2008)

Purpose: To investigate the use of a novel dynamic chemical shift imaging technique for guiding image‐guided thermal therapy delivery in bone ex vivo . Method and Materials: Interstitial laser applicators (980‐nm) were placed into the yellow marrow of freshly excised canine femur under MR‐guidance. A fluoroptic probe was inserted 0.5 cm from the laser source in order to provide an absolute measurement of temperature. Image acquisition was performed using a multiple gradient‐echo at 1.5T and a super‐resolution spectral processing algorithm was used to calculate the PRF of water and lipid. A six‐pixel ROI near the fluoroptic probe was created and the PRF of water and lipid were measured as a function of temperature to calculate the temperature sensitivity coefficient (TSC). Another bone was used to perform an external laser ablation. This was performed at 3.0T to demonstrate the use at higher fields even in the presence of gradient power constraints. Temperature maps were created using lipid as an internal reference for susceptibility and field drift correction. Results: The TSC of water was measured to be . The lipid showed low correlation and sensitivity to temperature with a TSC of . Interestingly, the TSC of the difference between water and lipid was which is consistent to findings in lipid‐water based phantom calibrations. Conclusion: We've demonstrated the ability of monitoring temperature changes in bone marrow which would be a great benefit in using image‐guided thermal therapies for treatment of primary and metastatic bone neoplasms. The technique possesses the ability to monitor the water PRF separate from the lipid, which alleviates the problem of lipid contamination in PRF temperature mapping with no time or SNR penalty. In addition, use of the lipid signal can potentially be exploited as an internal reference to correct for field‐drift or susceptibility errors in temperature estimation.
Proteome analysis of mouse brain: Two-dimensional electrophoresis profiles of tissue proteins during the course of aging (2000)

Mouse brain proteins were isolated from five regions (cerebellum, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and cervical spinal cord) at five ages from the 10th week to the 24th month, and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). 2-DE was carried out with an immobilized pH gradient bar in the first dimension, and by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the second dimension. Over one thousand protein spots were visualized by silver staining and quantified by image processing. In the analyses, 58 protein spots were distinguishable among the above five brain regions, and 17 proteins were shown to be varied in quantity in the course of aging. Partial amino-terminal sequences and/or internal sequences for a total of 301 protein spots were analyzed. One hundred and eighty proteins appeared to have blocked N-termini and 122 proteins were identified. Twenty-seven new proteins were identified by sequence homology search. A mouse brain proteome database was constructed, which consists of the 2-DE map images and the respective spot data files with 15 related references.
Determination of Retinol and Retinoic Acid in Capillary Blood by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (1995)

Abstract A simplified method for quantitation of retinol in capillary blood by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described. Serum (10–20 μ1) obtained by centrifugation of capillary blood is extracted with a solvent mixture of isopropanol-dichloroethane, and the extract is directly injected into a HPLC system to quantitate retinol. The lower limit of quantitation is 0.25 ng retinol, thus permitting quantitation of serum or plasma level of 8 μg or more retinol/L. Although endogenous retinoic acid cannot be analyzed, retinoic acid, following an oral dose, can be extracted along with retinol in presence of acetic acid and quantitated. The lower limit of quantitation of retinoic acid is 0.5 ng, thus permitting quantitation of 50 ng or more of retinoic acid/ml serum or plasma. The small sample size required, their simple preparation, and rapid analysis make this method well suited for clinical studies. The method should be very useful for monitoring retinol level in blood of patients suspected of vitamin A deficiency or of retinol and retinoic acid levels in patients undergoing retinoic acid therapy for skin disorders or acute promyelocytic leukemia.
Interaction of gain-control mechanisms in the sonar of odontocetes (2016)

The sonar of odontocetes processes echo signals within a wide range of echo levels. The level of echoes varies by tens of dB depending on the the target strength, the distance to the target, and the sound absorption by the media. The sonar of odontocetes has several mechanisms to compensate for the echo-level variation (gain control): (i) variation of emitted sonar pulse levels (the longer the distance to the target, the higher the level of the emitted pulse), (ii) short-term variation of hearing sensitivity based on forward masking of the echo by the preceding self-heard emitted pulse and subsequent release from the masking, and (iii) long-term active control of hearing sensitivity. These three mechanisms not just add to one another but act coordinately and form a united system of gain control. In particular, an increase in the sonar pulse level prolongs the distance of action of the forward-masking mechanisms. Active variation of hearing sensitivity makes the range of action of the forward-masking mechanism fitting the particular target distance and strength. These interactions of the gain-control mechanisms makes the auditory system capable of effectively analysis of echoes within a wide range of target strengths and distances.
Comparison of Bending of Automotive Steels in Roll Forming and in a V-Die (2012)

Bending in a V-die has been used to indicate the outcome of bending in cold roll forming, although little direct correlation has been performed. In this work direct comparison of the springback in both processes was performed using six samples of automotive steels in a conventional roll forming line where the transverse springback is measured. A bend of similar radius was formed in a V-die and the springback determined. In general, the springback in V-die forming was greater than in roll forming, in some cases by a factor of 2. The theoretical springback angle was determined for all steels using a simple and approximate analytical equation and compared to the experimental roll forming and bending results. While for the roll forming process good agreement was achieved the theoretical values significantly underestimated springback in the V-bending process.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐ANIONS. VII. DIRECT OXIDATION OF ENOLATE ANIONS TO 2‐HYDROPEROXY‐ AND D 2‐HYDROXYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND ESTERS (1976)

Abstract Die direkte Oxidation der Enolat‐Anionen (II) liefert über (III) die 2‐Hydroperoxy‐carbonsäuren (IV), die u.a. mit Diazomethan in die Ester (V) übergeführt werden.
The Effect of High Pressure on the Voltage and Current Output of Silver Oxide-Zinc and Mercury Oxide-Zinc Miniature Batteries (1969)

The open circuit voltage (emf) and the voltage under load of alkaline silver oxide‐zinc and mercuric oxide‐zinc miniature batteries have been measured at pressures up to 20 kbars. The emf of these batteries varies with pressure in the manner expected based on the thermodynamics of the cell reactions. Pressure affects the voltage of the discharging silver oxide batteries only through its effect on the emf. The voltage of the discharging mercuric oxide battery is lowered with increasing pressure by approximately 5 mV/kbar. This decrease in voltage is due both to an increase in the over‐voltage at the electrode and also to the ohmic resistance. These pressure effects are discussed in terms of the postulated diffusion of hydroxyl ions through water channels in the reduced oxide and the influence of these channels on the number of oxide sites at which reduction may occur.
Innate Immune Recognition of Bacterial Viability Instructs Human T follicular Helper Cell Differentiation (2016)

Live attenuated vaccines are often superior to dead vaccines, yet the immunological mechanisms remain largely obscure. We have recently uncovered an inherent capacity of antigen-presenting cells (APC) to discriminate live from killed bacteria by virtue of vita-PAMPs. Here we found that innate recognition of bacterial viability strongly promotes the differentiation of fully functional T follicular helper (TFH) cells. We identify TLR8 and its signaling adaptor MyD88 as critical sensor for bacterial viability in human APC, activation of which is required and sufficient to induce selective transcriptional remodeling and the production of TFH promoting signals like IL-12. Activators of other TLRs including licensed vaccine adjuvants fail to do so. Consequently, vita-PAMP receptors such as TLR8 represent promising targets for adjuvants to improve the efficacy of modern inanimate subunit vaccines.
Manifestations of the Battered-Child Syndrome (1974)

Between 1965 and 1972, 231 patients were admitted to St. Christopher's Hospital for Children in Philadelphia with the battered-child syndrome. The case records and reontgenograms of 217 patients were reviewed. About one-third of the patients repuired orthopaedic treatment. The purpose of this paper is to alert the orthopaedist to the existence and prevalence of the battered-child syndrome, to describe both the non-orthopaedic and the orthopaedic manifestations of this problem, and to delineate the orthopaedist's responsibility to the battered child and the child's family.
ENERGETIC NEUTRAL ATOMS MEASURED BY THE<i>INTERSTELLAR BOUNDARY EXPLORER</i>(<i>IBEX</i>): EVIDENCE FOR MULTIPLE HELIOSHEATH POPULATIONS (2013)

Energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) observed by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) provide powerful diagnostics about the origin of the progenitor ion populations and the physical mechanisms responsible for their production. In this paper, we extend the work of Desai et al. and Fuselier et al. and combine and compare ENA spectra from the first 3 yr of observations by the IBEX-Hi and -Lo ENA imagers along the lines-of-sight (LOSs) from the inner heliosphere through to the locations of Voyager 1 and 2 with results from an updated physics-based model of the three-dimensional heliosphere and its constituent ion populations. Our results show that (1) IBEX ENA fluxes and spectra above ~0.7 keV measured along the LOSs of the Voyagers are consistent with several models in which the parent pickup ion (PUI) populations originate in the inner heliosheath, and (2) a significant fraction of lower energy ENAs between ~0.1-0.5 keV may originate from interstellar neutral gas charge-exchanging with a non-thermalized (hot) population of PUIs in the outer heliosheath beyond the heliopause. Here we discuss the implications of ENAs observed by IBEX originating from distinct parent populations as well as from two distinct locations in the heliospheric interface. In conclusion, these results indicate that ENA spectral measurements at various energies can be used to remotely probe distinct physical processes operating in vastly different regions of the distant heliosphere.
Study of transient expression of human apoA-1 gene under control of various promoters in CHO-K1 cells (2006)

The recombinant plasmids containing the genomic human apoA-1 gene under the transcriptional control of hybrid promoters, namely, the cytomegalovirus immediate early enhancer/chicken ?-actin promoter and first intron (CAG promoter) and cytomegalovirus immediate early enhancer/promoter with intron A (hCMVintronA promoter) have been constructed. The transient expression of human apoA-1 gene has been studied in CHO-K1 cells using designed and pTRapo vectors. The expression of the transgene for transfected with pTRapo and pTRapochCMVintronA CHO-K1 cells have been shown.
Assessment of clusters of transcription factor binding sites in relationship to human promoter, CpG islands and gene expression (2004)

Not all PWMs predict TFBS correlated with human promoter sequences. Two main PWM groups were identified: (1) those that show TFBS clustered in promoters associated with CGI, and (2) those that show TFBS clustered in promoters independent of CGI. Assessment of PWM matches will allow more positive interpretation of TFBS in regulatory regions.
ChemInform Abstract: PI‐CYCLOPENTADIENYL(SIGMA‐FERROCENOYLMETHYL)DICARBONYL IRON (1975)

Abstract Chloracetyl‐ferrocen (II) reagiert in Äther + Tetrahydrofuran (5:1) bei ‐10°C mit Cyclopentadienyl‐eisen‐dicarbonyl‐natrium (I) zu (III).und Acetylferrocen (IV).
Mineralogy and astrobiology detection using laser remote sensing instrument (2015)

A multispectral instrument based on Raman, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and a lidar system provides high-fidelity scientific investigations, scientific input, and science operation constraints in the context of planetary field campaigns with the Jupiter Europa Robotic Lander and Mars Sample Return mission opportunities. This instrument conducts scientific investigations analogous to investigations anticipated for missions to Mars and Jupiter's icy moons. This combined multispectral instrument is capable of performing Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy out to a >100 m target distance from the rover system and provides single-wavelength atmospheric profiling over long ranges (>20 km). In this article, we will reveal integrated remote Raman, LIF, and lidar technologies for use in robotic and lander-based planetary remote sensing applications. Discussions are focused on recently developed Raman, LIF, and lidar systems in addition to emphasizing surface water ice, surface and subsurface minerals, organics, biogenic, biomarker identification, atmospheric aerosols and clouds distributions, i.e., near-field atmospheric thin layers detection for next robotic-lander based instruments to measure all the above-mentioned parameters.
Chemical Indicators of Cryoturbation and Microbial Processing throughout an Alaskan Permafrost Soil Depth Profile (2015)

Although permafrost soils contain vast stores of organic C, relatively little is known about the chemical composition of their constituent soil organic matter (SOM). Mineral permafrost and organic (OAL) and mineral active layer (MAL) soils from Sagwon Hills, AK were analyzed for total C and N content and SOM chemical composition using Fourier transformed mid‐infrared spectroscopy (MidIR). We also investigated techniques for proper collection of MidIR spectra on high C soils, such as permafrost. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) of the MidIR spectra revealed that the OAL was different from the MAL and permafrost based on absorbance of various organic functional groups, such as hydroxyls, alkyls, carbonyls, amines, amides, and esters. The top of the permafrost (0–15 cm below the maximum active layer thaw depth) was also differentiated from the deeper permafrost (16–40 cm below) by the same organic functional groups. Spectral data suggested that there is more chemically labile C (e.g., hydroxyl, amine groups, carbohydrates) in the OAL than the top of the permafrost, which in turn has more labile C than the MAL and deeper permafrost. The chemical similarity between the top of the permafrost and the OAL, and its differences with the MAL, suggest that organic matter (OM) is introduced into the permafrost through cryoturbation. All the soils showed evidence of microbial processing, such as organic acids and carboxylates, however the relative abundance of these compounds varied by soil depth. This study advances our understanding of permafrost C chemistry and the reactivity of constituent compounds.
Electron Microscopy of Graphite Intercalation Compounds (1982)

Electron microscopy can be used to study structures and phase transitions occurring in graphite intercalations compounds. The fundamental symmetry in graphite intercalation compounds is the staging periodicity whereby each intercalate layer is separated by n graphite layers, n denoting the stage index. The currently accepted model for intercalation proposed by Herold and Daumas assumes that the sample contains equal amounts of intercalant between any two graphite layers and staged regions are confined to domains. Specifically, in a stage 2 compound, the Herold-Daumas domain wall model predicts a pleated lattice plane structure.
Neuronal activity-regulated secretion of neuroligin-3 promotes glioma growth (S43.003) (2015)

Objective: To evaluate the role of neuronal activity in the glioma microenvironment Background: Microenvironmental determinants of high-grade glioma (HGG) growth are incompletely understood. We have recently shown that active neurons exert a robust mitogenic effect on normal neural precursor and oligodendroglial precursor cells, thought to be the cellular origins for HGG. Methods: This work utilized a combination of in vivo and in situ optogenetic techniques, patient-derived high-grade glioma cell cultures and orthotopic xenograft models, biochemical and proteomic analyses, and human cancer genomics. Results: Here, we demonstrate that active neurons similarly promote the proliferation of HGG in vivo using optogenetic control of cortical neuronal activity in a patient-derived pediatric cortical glioblastoma orthotopic xenograft model. Neuronal activity-regulated mitogen(s) are secreted, as the conditioned medium from optogenetically stimulated cortical slices promoted proliferation of a range of pediatric and adult patient-derived HGG cultures. Biochemical and proteomic analyses identified the synaptic protein neuroligin-3 (NLGN3) as the leading candidate mitogen. Soluble NLGN3 was sufficient to promote robust proliferation of HGG cells, and depletion of NLGN3 from the active slice conditioned medium significantly abrogated its mitogenic capacity. Soluble NLGN3 induced PI3K pathway activity, as well as feed-forward expression of the NLGN3 gene in glioma cells, providing mechanistic insight into its surprising role as a mitogen. Finally, we found that NLGN3 gene expression levels in human HGG negatively correlated with patient overall survival. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings indicate that active neurons play an important role in the brain tumor microenvironment and identify secreted neuroligin-3 as an unexpected mechanism promoting neuronal activity-regulated cancer growth. Study supported by: Matthew Larson Foundation (MM), McKenna Claire Foundation (MM), California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (MM), Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Endowed Faculty Scholarship in Pediatric Cancer and Blood Diseases (MM), the Fiona Penelope Memorial Fund (TJ) and National Science Foundation (HSV).
Single-electron charging effects and implications for tunneling measurements of the high-T/sub c/ superconductors (1989)

A theory is presented for the dynamics of two voltage-biased ultra-small capacitance tunnel junctions connected in series when one or more electrodes are superconducting, and experiments performed on parallel arrays of such junctions are reported. Using the semiclassical model, the authors find that the I-V characteristics display steps and therefore multiple peaks in dI/dV, corresponding to the time-average occupation of the interjunction region by integral numbers of electrons. The voltage at which the first step is located depends on the superconducting gap and the capacitances of the junctions. The spacing between subsequent steps depends solely on the capacitances. A discussion is presented of electron tunneling results performed on metal/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3//2-10 nm-diameter metal particles/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3//metal junctions where this multiple-peak structure is observed. The authors present preliminary tunneling results in junctions using Pb-particles. These results indicate that the multiple-peak structure commonly observed in tunneling data of high-T/sub c/ oxide superconductors can be explained in terms of charging effects in a material with a single superconducting gap.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Multiwavelength UV/visible spectroscopy for the quantitative investigation of platelet quality</title> (1998)

The quality of platelets transfused is vital to the effectiveness of the transfusion. Freshly prepared, discoid platelets are the most effective treatment for preventing spontaneous hemorrhage or for stopping an abnormal bleeding event. Current methodology for the routine testing of platelet quality involves random pH testing of platelet rich plasma and visual inspection of platelet rich plasma for a swirling pattern indicative of the discoid shape of the cells. The drawback to these methods is that they do not provide a quantitative and objective assay for platelet functionality that can be used on each platelet unit prior to transfusion. As part of a larger project aimed at characterizing whole blood and blood components with multiwavelength UV/vis spectroscopy, isolated platelets and platelet in platelet rich plasma have been investigated. Models based on Mie theory have been developed which allow for the extraction of quantitative information on platelet size, number and quality from multi-wavelength UV/vis spectra. These models have been used to quantify changes in platelet rich plasma during storage. The overall goal of this work is to develop a simple, rapid quantitative assay for platelet quality that can be used prior to platelet transfusion to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment. As a result of this work, the optical properties for isolated platelets, platelet rich plasma and leukodepleted platelet rich plasma have been determined.
Efficient concurrency control for broadcast environments (1999)

A crucial consideration in environments where data is broadcast to clients is the low bandwidth available for clients to communicate with servers. Advanced applications in such environments do need to read data that is mutually consistent as well as current. However, given the asymmetric communication capabilities and the needs of clients in mobile environments, traditional serializability-based approaches are too restrictive, unnecessary, and impractical. We thus propose the use of a weaker correctness criterion called update consistency and outline mechanisms based on this criterion that ensure (1) the mutual consistency of data maintained by the server and read by clients, and (2) the currency of data read by clients. Using these mechanisms, clients can obtain data that is current and mutually consistent “off the air”, i.e., without contacting the server to, say, obtain locks. Experimental results show a substantial reduction in response times as compared to existing (serializability-based) approaches. A further attractive feature of the approach is that if caching is possible at a client, weaker forms of currency can be obtained while still satisfying the mutual consistency of data.
The Authors’ Reply (1987)

The Authors’ Reply Kenneth W. Barwick, Kenneth W. Barwick Director, Gastrointestinal Pathology Yale University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Richard W. McCallum Richard W. McCallum Chief, Gastroenterology University of Virginia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 88, Issue 2, 1 August 1987, Pages 251–252, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/88.2.251 Published: 01 August 1987