gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Impaired Myocardial Function During Progressive Coronary Stenosis in Conscious Pigs (1995)

The major goal of this study was to determine whether impaired myocardial contractile function during the development of progressive coronary artery stenosis induced by ameroid constriction in conscious pigs reflected myocardial "hibernation" or "stunning." Minipigs were instrumented with a coronary ameroid constrictor and hydraulic occluder, regional wall thickness crystals, a left ventricular (LV) pressure gauge, and aortic and left atrial catheters. In the seven pigs in which it was measured, systolic wall thickening (WT) distal to the ameroid fell by a maximum of 56 +/- 6% at 20 +/- 3 days after ameroid implantation and then began to recover. At 1 day after ameroid implantation, brief complete coronary artery occlusion (CAO) resulted in wall thinning distal to the ameroid (-113 +/- 4%) and transmural decreases in myocardial blood flow in endocardial (from 0.82 +/- 0.08 to 0.02 +/- 0.01 mL/min per gram) and epicardial (from 0.73 +/- 0.13 to 0.03 +/- 0.02 mL/min per gram) layers. At 20 +/- 3 days, baseline myocardial blood flow was not altered either in endocardial (0.92 +/- 0.10 mL/min per gram) or epicardial (0.85 +/- 0.12 mL/min per gram) layers, whereas brief complete coronary artery occlusion still reduced WT (-83 +/- 12%) and myocardial blood flow in endocardial (to 0.21 +/- 0.03 mL/min per gram) and epicardial (to 0.43 +/- 0.12 mL/min per gram) layers, indicating that the coronary artery was not totally occluded. Pathology in four pigs demonstrated no gross necrotic myocardium shortly after this time point. Transient reductions in WT distal to the ameroid were observed during progressive coronary artery stenosis in response to spontaneous increases in activity. Beat-by-beat analysis of these episodes revealed that acute reductions in WT followed increases in LV dP/dt and heart rate and exhibited delayed recovery. These data suggest that the reduced function during ameroid-induced coronary stenosis reflected cumulative myocardial stunning rather than a primary deficit in coronary blood flow or "hibernating myocardium."
Construction of a Superconducting RFQ Structure (1994)

This paper reports the design and construction status of a niobium superconducting RFQ operating at 194 MHz. The structure is of the rod and post type, novel in that each of four rods is supported by two posts oriented radially with respect to the beam axis. Although the geometry has four-fold rotation symmetry, the dipole-quadrupole mode splitting is large, giving good mechanical tolerances. The simplicity of the geometry enables designing for good mechanical stability while minimizing tooling costs for fabrication with niobium. Design details of a prototype niobium resonator, results of measurements on room temperature models, and construction status are discussed.
The complexity of handling minimal solutions in logic-based abduction (2014)

Logic-based abduction is an important reasoning method with many applications in Artificial Intelligence including diagnosis, planning, and configuration. The goal of an abduction problem is to find a ‘solution’, i.e., an explanation for some observed symptoms. Usually, many solutions exist, and one is often interested in minimal ones only. Previous definitions of ‘solutions’ to an abduction problem tacitly made an open-world assumption. However, as far as minimality is concerned, this assumption may not always lead to the desired behaviour. To overcome this problem, we propose a new definition of solutions based on a closed-world approach. Moreover, we also introduce a new variant of minimality where only a part of the hypotheses is subject to minimization. A thorough complexity analysis reveals the close relationship between these two new notions as well as the differences compared with previous notions of solutions.
Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition Suppresses αvβ6 Integrin–Dependent Oral Squamous Carcinoma Invasion (2006)

Worldwide oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents about 5.5% of all malignancies, with approximately 30,000 new cases each year in the United States. The integrin alpha(v)beta(6) and the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are implicated in OSCC progression and have been suggested as possible therapeutic targets. Each protein also is reported to identify dysplasias at high risk of malignant transformation, and current clinical trials are testing the efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) at preventing OSCC development. Given the probable increased expression of alpha(v)beta(6) and COX-2 in OSCC and the inhibition of several integrins by NSAIDs, we investigated whether NSAIDs affected alpha(v)beta(6)-dependent cell functions. We found that expression of both alpha(v)beta(6) and COX-2 was significantly higher in OSCC compared with oral epithelial dysplasias. Neither protein preferentially identified those dysplastic lesions that became malignant. Using OSCC cell lines, modified to express varying levels of alpha(v)beta(6), we assessed the effect of COX-2 inhibition on cell invasion. We found that the COX-2 inhibitor NS398 inhibited specifically alpha(v)beta(6)-dependent, but not alpha(v)beta(6)-independent, OSCC invasion in vitro and in vivo, and this effect was modulated through prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2))-dependent activation of Rac-1. Transient expression of constitutively active Rac-1, or addition of the COX-2 metabolite PGE(2), prevented the anti-invasive effect of NS398. Conversely, RNA interference down-regulation of Rac-1 inhibited alpha(v)beta(6)-dependent invasion. These findings suggest that COX-2 and alpha(v)beta(6) interact in promoting OSCC invasion. This is a novel mechanism that, given the ubiquity of alpha(v)beta(6) expression by head and neck cancers, raises the possibility that NSAIDs could protect against OSCC invasion.
Targeted Janus Kinase-2 Inhibition Overcomes Limitations of Il6-Receptor-Alpha Blockade in Controlling Human DC-Stimulated Alloreactivity (2012)

Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a serious challenge to the success of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The cytokine milieu of GvHD includes IL-6, IL-12, and IL-23, favoring Th1/Th17 differentiation over that of regulatory T cells (Treg). We show that blockade of IL-6-receptor-alpha in vitro with tocilizumab (humanized Mab, 5 ug/ml) fails to alter alloreactive T cell proliferation (P = NS, n = 4), Treg expansion (8.87 v 9.90%, P = NS, n = 4), or Th1/Th17 differentiation (19 v 19.6%, 1.32 v 1.53%, P = NS, n = 3). Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) relays downstream signaling by IL-6, IL-12, and IL-23, through the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). We demonstrate that TG101348, a very specific, small molecule inhibitor of JAK2, when present during initial and secondary encounters between human T cells and fully HLA-disparate, allogeneic monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs), induces durable and specific T cell tolerance on reexposure to the priming alloantigens. TG101348 ablates the IL-6/JAK2/pSTAT3 pathway in T cells (24 v 0%, P<0.05, n = 5) without off-target effects on IL-2 or IL-15/JAK3/pSTAT5-dependent signaling, which would interfere with Treg development and important effector T-cell responses. JAK2 inhibition enhances the ratio of CD4+ Tregs to CD8+CD25+ effector T cells in favor of Tregs (Treg:Effector 1:2 vs 1:1, P<0.05, n = 5). JAK2 inhibition also reduces IL-6 (255 vs 157 pg/ml, P<0.05, n = 5) and TNF-alpha (50 vs 15 pg/ml, P<0.05, n = 4) production in allogeneic MLRs, impairing the activation of central and effector memory T cells, as well as the expansion of responder Th1 (24 vs 14%, P<0.05, n = 4) and Th17 (2 vs 1%, P<0.05, n = 4). T cells primed by allogeneic moDCs have a profound inability to respond upon reexposure to fresh allogeneic moDCs from the original stimulator, whether the JAK2 inhibitor were present in either the primary or the secondary MLR (P<0.05, n = 4). This indicates that TG101348 can prevent initial sensitization, as well as recall responses by already sensitized T cells, to alloantigen. Responses to stimulation de novo by influenza matrix peptide (fluMP), a pathogenic nominal antigen, remain intact (P = NS, n = 4). JAK2 inhibition, but not IL-6 blockade alone, therefore induces durable tolerance in HLA-disparate pairings, without broader immune impairment. These findings provide a strong rationale for exploring this strategy in both GvHD prophylaxis and treatment.
SHP-1 Regulation of p62DOK Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Macrophages (1999)

SHP-1 plays key roles in the modulation of hematopoietic cell signaling. To ascertain the impact of SHP-1 on colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1)-mediated survival and proliferative signaling, we compared the CSF-1 responses of primary bone marrow macrophages (BMM) from wild-type and SHP-1-deficient motheaten (me/me) mice. CSF-1-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation levels were similar in wild-type and me/me BMM, except for the constitutive hyperphosphorylation of a 62-kDa phosphoprotein (pp62) in me/me macrophages. pp62 was identified as the RASGAP-associated p62(DOK) and was shown to be the major CSF-1R-associated tyrosine-phosphorylated protein in CSF-1-treated BMM. p62(DOK) was found to be constitutively associated with SHP-1 in BMM and in 293T cells, co-expressing p62(dok) and either wild-type or catalytically inert SHP-1 (SHP-1 C453S). In both cell types, the interaction of SHP-1 with p62(DOK) occurred independently of p62(DOK) tyrosine phosphorylation, but only the tyrosine-phosphorylated p62(DOK) was bound by SHP-1 C453S in a far Western analysis. These findings suggest a constitutive association of SHP-1 and p62(DOK) that is either conformation-dependent or indirect as well as a direct, inducible association of the SHP-1 catalytic domain with tyrosine-phosphorylated p62(DOK). p62(DOK) hyperphosphorylation is not associated with altered CSF-1-induced RAS signaling or proliferation. However, whereas wild-type macrophages undergo cell death following CSF-1 removal, me/me macrophages exhibit prolonged survival in the absence of growth factor. Thus, p62(DOK) is a major SHP-1 substrate whose tyrosine phosphorylation correlates with growth factor-independent survival in macrophages.
Abstract 467: Bcl2A1 - an IFN-gamma dependent master switch for the function of CD11b+Gr-1high myeloid derived suppressor cells. (2013)

Abstract Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) play a crucial role in suppression of immune responses in cancer and inflammation. Here, we describe differential IFN-γ/STAT1 dependent regulation of the suppressor function of CD11b+Gr-1high granulocytic and CD11b+Gr-1dull/int monocytic MDSC subsets. IFN-γ induced STAT1 phosphorylation in both MDSC subsets, which led to NOS2 expression in CD11b+Gr-1dull/int. monocytic MDSC and enhanced suppression of T cell proliferation. In sharp contrast, the suppressor function of CD11b+Gr-1high granulocytic MDSC was enhanced in the absence of IFN-γ using IFN-γR-/- MDSC or IFN-γ-/- effector cells, which led to upregulation of Bcl2a1 and improved survival of the granulocytic subpopulation during MDSC-T cell interaction. Likewise Bcl2a1 overexpression in CD11b+Gr-1high granulocytic MDSC supported their suppressor activity. Thus, depending on the local IFN-γ concentration, STAT1 regulates the function of MDSC subsets antithetically so that these two cell subpopulations can substitute each other and suppress antigen-specific T cell immunity. Citation Format: Lydia Haile, Jose Medina Echeverz, Fei Zhao, Jean-Yves Métais, Cynthia Dunbar, Firouzeh Korangy, Tim Greten. Bcl2A1 - an IFN-gamma dependent master switch for the function of CD11b+Gr-1high myeloid derived suppressor cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 467. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-467
Effect of dose on serum pharmacokinetics of intravenous ciprofloxacin with identification and characterization of extravascular compartments using noncompartmental and compartmental pharmacokinetic models (1987)

The effect of dose on the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in serum and urine following single intravenous doses of 100, 150, and 200 mg was studied in nine healthy volunteers. Mean peak levels in serum were 1.4, 2.0, and 3.2 mg/liter for the 100-, 150-, and 200-mg doses, respectively. The data on concentrations in serum were best described by a three-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The terminal half-life (from noncompartmental analysis) averaged between 4.2 and 4.6 h. Average urinary recovery ranged between 45.8 and 48.1%. The average renal clearance of ciprofloxacin was 2.9- to 3.4-fold greater than the measured creatinine clearance. Total serum and renal clearances decreased with increasing dose; however, this was not statistically significant (P greater than 0.05; repeated-measures analysis of variance). Ciprofloxacin was well tolerated by all subjects. In this dose range, ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics are independent of dose.
Mandatory Content Access Control for Privacy Protection in Information Centric Networks (2015)

Several Information Centric Network (ICN) architectures have been proposed as candidates for the future Internet, aiming to solve several salient problems in the current IP-based Internet architecture such as mobility, content dissemination and multi-path forwarding. In general, security and privacy are considered as essential requirements in ICN. However, existing ICN designs lack built-in privacy protection for content providers (CPs), e.g., any router in an Internet Service Provider in ICN can cache any content, which may result in information leakage. In this paper, we propose Mandatory Content Access Control (MCAC), a distributed information flow control mechanism to enable a content provider to control which network nodes can cache its contents. In MCAC, a CP defines different security labels for different contents, and content routers check these labels to decide if a content object should be cached. To ensure correct enforcement of MCAC, we also propose a design of a trusted architecture by extending existing mainstream router architectures. We evaluate the performance of MCAC in the NS-3 simulator. The simulation results show that enforcing MCAC in routers does not introduce significant overhead in content forwarding.
Errors in neuroretinal rim measurement by Cirrus high-definition optical coherence tomography in myopic eyes (2012)

Errors in neuroretinal rim measurement by Cirrus HD-OCT were found in myopic eyes, especially in eyes with PPA, higher myopia, greater AL, vitreous opacity or acute cup slope angle. These findings should be considered when interpreting neuroretinal rim thickness measured by Cirrus HD-OCT.
Group randomness properties of pseudo-noise and gold sequences (2011)

In this paper, we study the group randomness of pseudo-random sequences based on shortened first-order Reed-Muller codes and the Gold sequences. In particular, we characterize the empirical spectral distribution of random matrices from shortened first-order Reed-Muller codes. We show that although these sequences have very appealing randomness properties across individual codewords, they do not possess certain group randomness properties of i.i.d. sequences. In other words, the spectral distribution of random matrices from these sequences dramatically differs from that of the random i.i.d. generated matrices. In contrast, Gold sequences manifest the group randomness properties of random i.i.d. sequences. Upper bounds on the Kolmogorov complexity of these sequences are established, and it has been shown that these bounds are much lower than those of the random i.i.d. sequences, when the sequence length is large enough. We discuss the implications of these observations and motivate the need to develop novel randomness tests encompassing both individual and group randomness of sequences.
Effective suppression of azoxymethane‐induced aberrant crypt foci formation in mice with citrus peel flavonoids (2013)

Citrus peel or its extract has been reported to exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activity. Herein, we report the first investigation of inhibitory effects of a formulated product from citrus peel extract, gold lotion (GL), on azoxymethane-induced colonic tumorigenesis. We have demonstrated that oral feeding of GL decreased the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), particularly large size of ACF in colonic tissues of mice. Both gene and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were suppressed by GL treatment. The in vivo data have revealed for the first time that the citrus peel extract-GL-is an effective antitumor agent mechanistically downregulating the protein levels of iNOS, COX-2, ornithine decarboxylase, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metallopeptidase 9 in colonic tissues of mice, suggesting that GL is a novel functional natural product capable of preventing inflammation-associated colon tumorigenesis.
Distributed terrain estimation using a mixture-model based algorithm (2009)

This paper describes a planar grid-based distributed terrain height estimation algorithm for use in a distributed data fusion sensor network. Each sensor node in the network represents the terrain using a Gaussian mixture to represent the elevation density in each grid cell. The local sensor node uses a rigorous probabilistic analysis of sensor measurement errors to associate individual measurements with multiple grid cells to account for in-plane uncertainty. Representing the elevation density in each grid cell as a sum of Gaussian distributions leads to a convenient channel filter implementation for distributed data fusion. The new information exchanged between nodes is assimilated locally to generate a global terrain height estimate on each sensor node. The distributed terrain height algorithm is demonstrated in a laboratory test environment using data from three sensor nodes over a 60 second data collection. The distributed terrain height algorithm is shown to perform equivalent to the centralized case even in the presence of communication failures.
Design Point Performance Trends for Water Vapor Compressors (2001)

Abstract A design study of various water vapor compressor configurations — including single and multistage centrifugal compressors and multistage axial compressors — is used to determine geometry and performance trends as a function of design speed, compressor configuration, and intercooling method. The intercooled multistage centrifugal machines led to the lowest required power levels, though the large outer diameter of these machines and the addition of an intercooler may reduce their appeal. The non-intercooled multistage axial configurations offered high design point performance and a much smaller outer diameter than the centrifugal machines, though at the expense of large overall axial length and limited flow range. Ultimately, the selection of the right machine for a given application is a tradeoff between the performance and geometry trends illustrated in this paper, as well as the cost of the machine.
Magnetoelectric effect near spin reorientation transition in giant magnetostrictive-aluminum nitride thin film structure (2008)

Hybrid giant magnetostrictive-piezoelectric film/film structures exhibiting magnetoelectric (ME) effect associated with a magnetic instability of the spin reorientation transition type are presented. We first present the theoretical study of a clamped beam actuator composed of a piezoelectric layer on a substrate actuated by a magnetostrictive layer. The actuator is a polished 50 μm thick 18×5 mm2 silicon substrate coated by an electrode, aluminum nitride, and magnetostrictive nanostructured layer. A ME coefficient of 30 V Oe−1 cm−1 at a 35 KHz longitudinal resonance was measured. Nonlinear excitation of this mode showed a “nonlinear” dynamic ME coefficient of 4 V Oe−1 cm−1.
Electrohydrodynamic instabilities observed in a nematic phase under oblique boundary conditions (1982)

Electrohydrodynamic instabilities in the nematic phase of Merck ’’Phase V’’ with oblique boundary conditions were optically observed with a polarizing microscope in 25–100 μm ’’sandwich’’ cells. Oblique anchoring of the nematic was achieved by oblique evaporation of SiO on the plates. Two types of cells were used having the respective in-plane projection of the direction of evaporation on the two plates either parallel (p-type cells), or antiparallel (a-type cells). The low voltage dc instability observed for the p-type cells forms in an almost regular hexagonal pattern. By gradually increasing the voltage, the dc instability observed for the a-type cells forms at first as flows which originate at order disturbances created at imperfections in the SiO coating. Voltage increase causes these flows to detach themselves from the places of the imperfections and move solitarily. The moving flows are associated with what appears to be moving tilt inversion deformations (of splay-bend type) extending from the central part of the flow to some distance from it. When the voltage is further increased, a repeated process of replication of the flows, occurring on the associated tilt inversion deformations, leads to the creation of a periodic grid of moving flows. Other observed types of static and dynamic patterns under ac and dc excitation are reported, in particular: different types of cross rolls (ac conduction regime); variations of a pattern of what appears to be walls associated with flows, exhibiting an approximate wave number dependence on the electric field k∼E; a striped pattern associated with what appears to be twist walls and the propagating interference patterns associated with their oscillations; a toroidal flow (sometimes associated with closed inversion walls) which creates and caries along closed nematic threads (dc regime); a polygonal grid of turbulent flows (dc regime); a flow pattern correlated with the movement of the moving chevron pattern; a cellular fast turn-off pattern related to the chevron pattern. This cellular pattern appears at first as moving snakelike regions in the chevron pattern which are bordered by disclination lines. Some features of dark, spotlike figures appearing on the chevron pattern are described. Preliminary interpretations of some of the observations are offered.
Intraoperative interstitial radiation therapy for hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinomas. (1988)

Liver metastases from colorectal carcinomas occur frequently. While surgical resection offers the only hope for long-term cure, unsuspected bilobar metastases or extrahepatic metastatic disease may be found at laparotomy, precluding hepatic resection for cure. In this setting intraoperative interstitial hepatic irradiation using the Gamma Med II (Mick Radio-Nuclear Instruments, Bronx, New York) remote afterloading irradiator and an Iridium-192 source permits delivery of a tumoricidal dose to liver tumor(s) with a limited radiation dose to adjacent normal liver. Six patients underwent laparotomy for potential resection of hepatic metastases in a shielded operating room equipped with remote anesthesia monitoring capability and were found to be unresectable. An upper hand retractor facilitated liver exposure during the exploratory and subsequent radiation phases of the procedure. Intraoperative interstitial radiation therapy was performed in each patient. No significant complications occurred on follow-up from 2 to 9 months. Hepatic tumor regression or stabilization occurred on sonography and/or CT scan in each case with a median follow-up of 5 months. The technique offers the potential to ablate discrete tumor nodules within the liver. Ongoing clinical trials will determine the role of intraoperative interstitial radiation in the treatment of hepatic metastases.