gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ketamine in cancer pain: an update. (1996)

Ketamine has been shown to have potent analgesic properties at low dosages. Bioavailability is high when it is given parenterally, but low after oral or rectal administration. Active metabolites should account for part of the analgesic effect of ketamine during long-term oral administration. NMDA receptor inhibition by ketamine may reflect a wind-down phenomenon, and should alleviate NMDA-related neuropathic pain, reversing the rightward shift of the opioid-response curve. A synergistic effect between ketamine and opioids has been observed in cancer pain patients who have lost an analgesic response to high doses of morphine. Further studies need to be carried out to confirm the benefits of ketamine in cancer pain, and to determine the best route of administration, dosages and the incidence of side effects.
Toward User-Centric Privacy-Aware User Profile Ontology for Future Services (2010)

Personalization is one of the key features of the future Internet. However, the success of personalized services mostly relies on user profiles. Therefore, a generic, shareable, and reusable user profile is crucial for service providers for the uptake of personalized services. This paper proposes a user-centric personalization approach. The core of this approach is a user-centric user profile where user is in the center and experience perceived control over his information. We use Ontology Web Language (OWL-DL) to formally represent user relevant information in ontology. We present profile and privacy enhancement mechanism to increase profile applicability and user privacy respectively. The paper also offers a policy based approach to ensure authorized access of user profiles among third parties. Furthermore, we formally represent authorization policies by exploiting Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) and evaluate policies by employing Semantic Query Enhanced Web Rule Language (SQWRL).
Alternative Systematisierungsansätze zur Erfassung und Ordnung steuerlicher Rechtswahlmöglichkeiten (1982)

Die Suche nach den gegenwärtig existierenden Rechtswahlmoglichkeiten führte zu einem überraschenden Ergebnis. Es wurden 126 verschiedene Wahlmöglichkeiten aufgefunden, die der Definition der steuerlichen Rechtswahlmöglichkeit genügen und innerhalb der gesetzten Prämissen zu behandeln sind1). Diese Zahl ließe sich sogar noch erhöhen, wenn die aufgrund der Prämissen unbeachtet gebliebenen “Spezialitäten”, “branchenspezifischen” Wahlrechte usw. in die Zählung einbezogen würden.
Source rock potential of selected Cretaceous shales, Orange Basin, South Africa (2010)

Twenty Cretaceous shale samples from two wells in the Orange Basin of South Africa were evaluated for their source rock potential. They were sampled from within a 1400 m-thick sequence in boreholes drilled through Lower to Upper Cretaceous sediments. The samples exhibit total organic carbon (TOC) content of 1.06–2.17%; Rock-Eval S2 values of 0.08–2.27 mg HC/g; and petroleum source potential (SP), which is the sum of S1 and S2, of 0.10–2.61 mg HC/g, all indicating the presence of poor to fair hydrocarbon generative potential. Hydrogen index (HI) values vary from 7 to 128 mg HC/g organic carbon and oxygen index (OI) ranges from 37 to 195 mg CO2/g organic carbon, indicating predominantly Type III kerogen with perhaps minor amounts of Type IV kerogen. The maturity of the samples, as indicated by T max values of 428–446°C, ranges from immature to thermally mature with respect to oil generation. Measured vitrinite reflectance values (%Ro) of representative samples indicate that these samples vary from immature to mature, consistent with the thermal alteration index (TAI) (spore colour) and fluorescence data for these samples. Organic petrographic analysis also shows that amorphous organic matter is dominant in these samples. Framboidal pyrite is abundant and may be indicative of a marine influence during deposition. Although our Rock-Eval pyrolysis data indicate that gas-prone source rocks are prevalent in this part of the Orange Basin, the geochemical characteristics of samples from an Aptian unit at 3318 m in one of the wells suggest that better quality source rocks may exist deeper, in more distal depositional parts of the basin.
Cocaine-Induced Plasticity in the Nucleus Accumbens Is Cell Specific and Develops without Prolonged Withdrawal (2011)

Cocaine induces plasticity at glutamatergic synapses in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Withdrawal was suggested to play an important role in the development of this plasticity by studies showing that some changes only appear several weeks after the final cocaine exposure. In this study, the requirement for prolonged withdrawal was evaluated by comparing the changes in glutamatergic transmission induced by two different noncontingent cocaine treatments: a short treatment followed by prolonged withdrawal, and a longer treatment without prolonged withdrawal. Recordings were performed from mouse medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the NAc at the same time after the first cocaine injection under both treatments. A similar increase in the frequency of glutamate-mediated miniature EPSCs was observed in D(1)-expressing MSNs after both cocaine treatments, demonstrating that prolonged withdrawal was not required. Furthermore, larger AMPA receptor-to-NMDA receptor ratios, higher spine density, and enlarged spine heads were observed in the absence of withdrawal after a long cocaine treatment. These synaptic adaptations expressed in D(1)-containing MSNs of the NAc core were not further enhanced by protracted withdrawal. In conclusion, a few repeated cocaine injections are enough to trigger adaptations at glutamatergic synapses in D(1)-expressing MSNs, which, although they take time to develop, do not require prolonged cocaine withdrawal.
Internet access to digital medical X-rays by image features and associated text (2002)

The Web-based Medical Information Retrieval System (WebMIRS) allows Internet access to databases containing 17,000 digitized X-ray spine images and associated textual data from National Health and Nutrition examination Surveys (NHANES). WebMIRS allows SQL query of the text, and viewing of the returned text records and images using a standard browser. We are segmenting a subset of the vertebrae, using techniques from vertebral morphometry. From this, we derive and add to the database vertebral features. This image-derived data will enhance the user's data access capability by enabling the creation of combined SQL/image-content queries.
Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance substituent-induced shieldings and conformational equilibriums in cyclohexanes (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance substituent-induced shieldings and conformational equilibriums in cyclohexanesHans Joerg Schneider and Volker HoppenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 20, 3866–3873Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00414a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00414a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1039Altmetric-Citations170LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Recent developments in hydrogen management during anaerobic biological wastewater treatment (1986)

A comprehensive review of the microbial kinetics, energetics, and substrate specificities of anaerobic waste-water treatment systems is presented with descriptions of three different state-of-the-art reactor configurations. Each of these reactor systems is intended to enrich different populations of anaerobic acidogens and methanogens as a result of design and operational strategies for control of hydrogen and volatile acids. Imposition of these strategies results in different substrate utilization patterns, conversion kinetics, and operational stabilities as are currently being demonstrated in laboratory-scale investigations.
Toxicities of Insecticide Residues on Loblolly Pine Foliage to Leaffooted Pine Seed Bug Adults (Heteroptera: Coreidae)2 (1990)

Fourteen commercial and four experimental formulations of insecticides, when applied to loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., foliage in a simulated high volume spray, varied in their residual contact toxicities to adult leaffooted pine seed bugs, Leptoglossus corculus (Say). Deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate (EC), the most toxic insecticide tested, was 7 times as toxic to adult females as the standard, azinphosmethyl EC. Azinphosmethyl wettable powder (WP) was slightly more toxic to females than the EC at LC90; all other insecticides were less toxic than azinphosmethyl EC to females (half or less). Azinphosmethyl EC, deltamethrin EC, permethrin (Pounce) EC, and phosmet WP were equally toxic to both sexes, while permethrin (Ambush) EC and fenvalerate EC were both more toxic to males than females. Azinphosmethyl WP was more toxic to females than males. Several of the insecticides, including propoxur WP, malathion EC and chlorpyrifos EC, had relatively low residual contact toxicities but were very toxic to seed bug adults as fumigants. The pyrethroids permethrin, deltamethrin and fenvalerate had a relatively rapid knockdown effect, in contrast to the slower-acting organophosphorous insecticides.
The Accelerated Binomial Option Pricing Model (1991)

This paper describes the application of a convergence acceleration technique to the binomial option pricing model. The resulting model, termed the accelerated binomial option pricing model, also can be viewed as an approximation to the Geske-Johnson model for the value of the American put. The new model is accurate and faster than the conventional binomial model. It is applicable to a wide range of option pricing problems.
Investigation of Thermodynamic Properties of SIS, SEBS, and Naphthenic Oil by Inverse Gas Chromatography (2011)

The thermodynamic properties of styrene-b-butene/ethylene-b-styrene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, and naphthenic oil, were investigated by means of inverse gas chromatography using 13 different kinds of solvents as the probes. Some thermodynamic parameters such as specific retention volume, weight fraction activity coefficient, Flory—Huggins interaction parameter, partial molar heats of mixing and solubility parameter, etc. were obtained to judge the interactions and the solubility between the polymer and solvents and the solubility of the polymers in these solvents. The results indicated that n-pentane, n-hexane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, and diethyl ether were good solvents for these polymers at experimental temperatures. The solubility parameter of styrene-b-butene/ethylene-b-styrene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, and naphthenic oil were calculated to be 16.99, 16.84, 14.39 (J/cm 3 ) 1/2 at 298.15 K by inverse gas chromatography, respectively, which were consistent with that obtained by intrinsic viscosity method, small group contribution method, or solubility parameter-surface tension method.
Design of dual polarized patch antennas fed by hybrid feeds (2000)

We propose new designs of broadband dual-polarized patch antennas fed by hybrid feeds of an aperture-coupled feed and a gap-coupled feed or an aperture-coupled feed and a capacitively-coupled feed. For these hybrid feed designs, since the gap-coupled feed or the capacitively-coupled feed has no backward radiation, their possible port coupling with the aperture-coupled feed in the region between the ground plane and the reflecting plate will be eliminated, which facilitates the design problem when a reflecting plate is required for practical applications. Also, for the proposed antennas with a thick air substrate studied in this article, the 10-dB return-loss impedance bandwidths for the two polarizations can both be greater than 10% and high isolation (>-30 dB) between the two feeding ports over the entire impedance bandwidth can be obtained. Good cross-polarization levels for the radiation patterns of the two polarizations are also observed.
Severity of illness and the teaching hospital (1986)

In the current environment of cost containment pressures on health care providers, teaching hospitals are facing increased financial risks that could jeopardize their special role in the health care delivery system. One of these risks is that the Medicare prospective payment system does not adequately account for severity of illness. Whether teaching hospitals treat a case mix of patients with more severe illness than do nonteaching hospitals was tested in the study reported here using two severity measures, Horn's severity of illness index and Gonnella's "disease staging." Teaching hospitals were found to treat a significantly greater proportion of severely ill patients than community hospitals, especially when measured by the severity of illness index. Differences in case mix of severity of illness among hospitals can have a significant impact on patient care costs, which may not be adequately met by a reimbursement system based on diagnosis related groups. Hospital managers can use severity of illness measures to assess the resource needs of patients and the practice patterns of physicians. If severity of illness measures help describe the special burden of treatment that teaching hospitals bear, they should be used to establish the case for adequate financial support.
Development of a model to calculate mechanical specific energy for air hammer drilling systems (2009)

Drilling for hydrocarbons is an expensive operation; consequently operators try to save\ncosts by reducing the number of days spent during this operation. Drilling efficiently\nwith the highest attainable rate of penetration is one of the ways drilling time could be\nreduced. Real-time monitoring of Mechanical Specific Energy will enable drilling\nengineers to detect when the optimum drilling rate for a given set of drilling parameters\nis not being achieved.\nNumerous works have been done on air hammers and rock Mechanical Specific Energy.\nPrevious research has shown that Mechanical Specific Energy, which is a ratio that\nquantifies the input energy and Rate of Penetration (ROP) of a drilling system, is directly\nproportional to the rock compressive strength being drilled. The Mechanical Specific\nEnergy model utilizes drilling parameters such as ROP, Weight on bit (WOB), RPM,\ntorque, flow-rate, bottom-hole pressure, and bottom-hole temperature to show how\neffectively energy being put into the drill string is being converted to ROP at the bit.\nThis research effort proposes a new model to calculate the Mechanical Specific Energy\nfor air hammer drilling systems. A thermodynamic model for the air hammer from\nwhich the piston impact velocity and kinetic energy is obtained is presented. To be able\nto estimate the effective energy delivered to the rock by the hammer, the stress wave\npropagation model is used and factored into the Mechanical Specific Energy model. The Mechanical Specific Energy values obtained from the application of this model\nprovide a qualitative indicator of formation pressure changes and a means for drilling\nengineers to detect when optimum drilling rate is not being achieved. It can be deduced\nfrom the model that the impact energy of the hammer is greatly affected by the pressure\ndrop across the hammer and since the hammer accounts for about sixty percent of the\nenergy required for destroying the rock, the ROP can be varied by varying the pressure\ndrop across the hammer.
A hierarchical iterative closest point algorithm for simultaneous localization and mapping of mobile robot (2012)

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem of a mobile robot is studied in this paper. An improved particle filters approach is adopted to reduce the number of particles. A laser range finder is utilized to measure the distance of obstructs, and the accurate proposal distribution are obtained by scan match method, which is realized by a hierarchical iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm. A roughly global optimal estimation of robot pose is first obtained by directly searching in the discrete space of pose, and then the estimation of robot pose is refined by gradient descend method. So an accurate estimation of robot pose can be obtained by the hierarchical scan match approach. Experimental tests are carried out with our real mobile robot in an indoor environment. Experimental results show that the consistent map can be obtained by the proposed scan match approach. The efficiency of the proposed scan match approach is also validated by the RoboCup@Home competition.
Adrenal incidentaloma (2003)

Adrenal incidentalomas are incidentally discovered adrenal masses greater than 1 cm in diameter that appear to be clinically nonfunctioning. They are detected during imaging procedures of the abdomen and chest (CT, MRI, and ultrasonography) for an unrelated condition or symptom complex. With the widespread escalation in the use of these imaging modalities and marked improvements in image resolution, the probability of finding an incidentaloma on cross-section imaging is rapidly approaching the 6% prevalence of previously reported autopsy studies. All incidentalomas greater than 1 cm should be evaluated for hormonal activity, including a 1-mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test, total 24-hour urinary metanephrines and fractionated catecholamines, and, in the hypertensive patient, a serum potassium level and plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity ratio. All hormonally active tumors should be removed. Hormonally inactive tumors are resected based on size, imaging phenotype, and interval growth. Percutaneous biopsies are generally unwarranted and are potentially dangerous. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has become the surgical procedure of choice for most benign functioning and nonfunctioning tumors of the adrenal gland. Subclinical metabolic abnormalities associated with adrenal incidentalomas remain an area of intense clinical research.
Analysis and design of boost zero-voltage-transition PWM converter (2002)

The analysis and design of a boost zero-voltage-transition (ZVT) PWM power converter is carried out by means of the normalized state-plane-trajectory method. This topology has the advantages of constant switching frequency, soft switching on all the active switches, the fixed voltage stresses under all load situations. The design procedure is demonstrated by using a specific example. Experimental results are given to confirm the authors' analytical work.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On Optimizing Wafer-Probe Testing for Product Quality Using Die-Yield Prediction (2005)

We propose a new adaptive testing procedure that uses spatial defect clustering information to optimize test lengths during wafer-probe testing. For the same average test lengths, our approach shows better than a factor-of-two improvement in average defect levels. It further allows the separation of high-quality dies with defect levels more than an order of magnitude better than the average for the production run. Our proposal is orthogonal to all other approaches for improving defect quality and can be combined with them.
Design of Embedded-Hybrid Antimicrobial Peptides with Enhanced Cell Selectivity and Anti-Biofilm Activity (2014)

Antimicrobial peptides have attracted considerable attention because of their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and their low prognostic to induce antibiotic resistance which is the most common source of failure in bacterial infection treatment along with biofilms. The method to design hybrid peptide integrating different functional domains of peptides has many advantages. In this study, we designed an embedded-hybrid peptide R-FV-I16 by replacing a functional defective sequence RR7 with the anti-biofilm sequence FV7 embedded in the middle position of peptide RI16. The results demonstrated that the synthetic hybrid the peptide R-FV-I16 had potent antimicrobial activity over a wide range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as anti-biofilm activity. More importantly, R-FV-I16 showed lower hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity. Fluorescent assays demonstrated that R-FV-I16 depolarized the outer and the inner bacterial membranes, while scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy further indicated that this peptide killed bacterial cells by disrupting the cell membrane, thereby damaging membrane integrity. Results from SEM also provided evidence that R-FV-I16 inherited anti-biofilm activity from the functional peptide sequence FV7. Embedded-hybrid peptides could provide a new pattern for combining different functional domains and showing an effective avenue to screen for novel antimicrobial agents.
Ductile-brittle transitions and wear maps for the erosion and abrasion of brittle materials (1992)

Transitions in wear rate and mechanism are a common feature of the erosive and abrasive wear of ceramics and other brittle materials.In such cases, a relatively small change in applied conditions, such as impact velocity or angle in the case of erosion, or of applied load in abrasion, results in a significant change in the mechanism of wear.Such a transition often represents a change in the extent or nature of fracture, leading to a concomitant change in the rate of material removal.Transitions in wear mechanism can also be associated with a change in the shape, hardness or size of the abrasive particles.In this paper, theoretical models for the onset of fracture and plastic flow in a material being eroded or abraded, and also in the abrasive or erosive particles, are used to define regimes OL' 2; which B SIX!; ?; ; Er K 2 C ! x x i % 7 Vi!! be 6Cr%.%!.! !-e!%! is ""!i "p" h : 'which these regimes can be illustrated graphically on plots of palticle size against impact velocity or applied load, and it is suggested that in this way 'maps' showing wear rates and mechanisms might be developed for the abrasive and erosive wear of brittle materials.
Integrated base station-an approach (2002)

Cellular telecommunications is one of the fastest growing and most challenging telecommunication applications ever. Today, it represents a large and continuously increasing percentage of new telephone subscribers around the world. In the long term, with the emergence of mobile satellite systems, the cellular digital telephony may, become the universal communication system. The design and development of the cellular systems viz. AMPS, CDMA and GSM etc. started off in parallel. In due course these systems have been standardized. With the advent of ASIC technology, and different cellular systems being standardized, it has become necessary to have an integrated system to enhance the virtual throughput of the network by operating different cellular systems in a single network. This paper touches upon the frequency spectrum issues of different systems and the possible network architecture with respect to the integrated base station (IBS) system. The possible IBS architecture is discussed including the conclusions drawn with respect to the integrated system design concepts.