gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparison of small intestinal transit time between the rat and the guinea-pig. (1976)

The small intestinal transit was compared in rats and guinea-pigs. A radioactive test substance (polyvinylpyrrolidone labelled with I125) was given directly into the duodenum and the distribution of the isotope in the small bowel was recorded. The small intestine was removed 10 and 20 min after the injection and deep frozen. The frozen intestine was later cut in 20 segments of equal length and the amount of isotope within each of the intestinal segments was recorded by means of a gamma counter. For each animal a propulsion diagram was constructed showing the relative percentage of isotope distributed in the 20 bowel segments. After 20 min the isotope peak was found in the ileo-caecal region in the guinea-pigs whereas 50% of the isotope had passed only half of the small intestine in the rats during the same period of time. The length of the intestine in rats passed by 75%, 50% and 25% of the isotope after 20 min was the same as that found in guinea-pigs 10 min after the injection of the isotope into the duodenum. Thus, there seems to be a marked difference in propulsive activity between rats and guinea-pigs.
The Synthesis of <i>N</i>-Methylnupharamine (1967)

Abstract Studying the synthesis of nupharamine, a minor alkaloid isolated from Nuphar japonicum DC, N-methylnupharamine was synthesized and its stereoisomers were characterized.
In Vitro Characterization of a Koala Retrovirus (2006)

Recently, a new endogenous koala gammaretrovirus, designated KoRV, was isolated from koalas. The KoRV genome shares 78% nucleotide identity with another gammaretrovirus, gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV). KoRV is endogenous in koalas, while GALV is exogenous, suggesting that KoRV predates GALV and that gibbons and koalas acquired the virus at different times from a common source. We have determined that subtle adaptive differences between the KoRV and GALV envelope genes account for differences in their receptor utilization properties. KoRV represents a unique example of a gammaretrovirus whose envelope has evolved to allow for its expanded host range and zoonotic potential.
Sex-based differences in myocardial contractile reserve (2006)

Recent studies have identified sex differences in heart function that may affect the risk of developing heart failure. We hypothesized that there are fundamental differences in calcium (Ca) regulation in cardiac myocytes of males and premenopausal females. Isometric force transients (n = 45) were measured at various stimulation frequencies to define the force frequency responses (FFR) (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 Hz) during either changes in bath Ca ([Ca]o) (1.0, 1.75, 3.5, and 7.0 mM) or length-tension (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% L(max)) in right ventricle trabeculae from normal male (MT) and premenopausal female (FT) cats. Force-Ca measurements were also obtained in chemically skinned trabeculae. Under basal conditions (0.5 Hz, 1.75 mM Ca, 80% L(max)) both MT and FT achieved similar developed forces (DF) (MT 11 +/- 1, FT = 10 +/- 1 mN/mm2). At low rates and lengths, there is no sex difference. At higher preloads and rates, there is a separation in DF in MT and FT. At basal [Ca]o both MT and FT exhibited positive FFR (2.0 Hz, 1.75 mM Ca: MT 38 +/- 3, FT 21 +/- 4 mN/mm2); however, at higher [Ca]o, MT achieved greater DF (2.0 Hz, 7.0 mM Ca: MT 40 +/- 3 and FT = 24 +/- 4 mN/mm2). We detected no sex difference in myofilament Ca sensitivity at a sarcomere length of 2.1 mum. However, rapid cooling contractures indicated greater sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca load in MT at higher frequencies. Despite virtually identical contractile performance under basal conditions, significant sex differences emerge under conditions of increased physiological stress. Given the lack of sex differences in myofilament Ca sensitivity, these studies suggest fundamental sex differences in cellular Ca regulation to achieve contractile reserve, with myocardium from males exhibiting higher SR Ca load.
Evaluation of Phosphate Ion-Selective Membranes and Cobalt-Based Electrodes for Soil Nutrient Sensing (2007)

A real-time soil nutrient sensor would allow efficient collection of data with a fine spatial resolution to accurately characterize within-field variability for site-specific nutrient application. Ion-selective electrodes are promising candidates because they have rapid response, directly measure the analyte, and are small and portable. Our goal was to investigate the ability of three different phosphate ion-selective electrodes (two fabricated with organotin compound-based PVC membranes, and one fabricated from a cobalt rod) used in conjunction with Kelowna soil extractant to determine phosphorus over the typical range of soil concentrations. Electrodes using organotin compound-based PVC membranes containing bis(p-chlorobenzyl)tin dichloride as an ionophore exhibited sensitive responses to HPO42- over a range of 10-4 to 10-1 mol/L in Tris buffer at pH 7. They were nearly insensitive to phosphate when using Kelowna soil extractant as the base solution, perhaps because of the high concentration of fluoride (0.015 mol/L) in the Kelowna solution. In addition, the life of the membranes was less than 14 days. Electrodes using another tin-compound-based PVC membrane containing tributyltin chloride as an ionophore also provided unsatisfactory results, showing much less sensitivity to H2PO4- than previously reported. The cobalt rod-based electrodes exhibited sensitive responses to H2PO4- over a range from 10-5 to 10-1 mol/L total phosphate concentration with a detection limit of 10-5 mol/L in the Kelowna solution. This detection range would encompass the typical range of soil phosphorus concentrations measured in agricultural fields. The selectivity of the cobalt electrodes was satisfactory for measuring phosphates in the presence of each of six interfering ions, i.e., HCO3-, Cl -, Br -, NO3-, Ac -, and F -, with the electrodes being 47 to 1072 times more responsive to phosphate than to the tested interfering ions.
Radionuclide Confirmation of the Therapeutic Value of Isosorbide Dinitrate in Relieving the Dysphagia in Achalasia (1982)

In fifteen patients with achalasia, we measured lower esophageal sphincter pressures before and after 5 mg of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate. The mean pressure fell significantly, from 36.5 to 18.4 mm Hg (P less than 0.01). The effectiveness of this therapy was confirmed by gamma camera measurement of the esophageal emptying time of a radionuclide test meal which was significantly less after the medication (P less 0.05). The emptying time was invariably longer than 10 minutes before therapy, and in 12 of the 15 patients decreased after therapy to 1-8 minutes, corresponding to the clinical response to the drug therapy. The noninvasive radionuclide technique provides a simple way of assessing the results of drug therapy in achalasia.
Pyridine compounds increase trap capture of <i>Frankliniella occidentalis</i> (Pergande) in a covered crop (2007)

The effect of pyridine compounds on the capture of thrips was examined in an Auckland New Zealand capsicum greenhouse in 2004 Yellow sticky traps were positioned just above the crop canopy in a rectangular array with 6 traps per compound and 6 control traps 2024 m apart and left for 24 h Most thrips found on traps were Frankliniella occidentalis (>99) Fourteen times more female F occidentalis were captured on traps with methyl isonicotinate or ethyl isonicotinate than on controls Sticky traps treated with methyl 4pyridyl ketone also caught more female F occidentalis than controls (45) Sticky traps with methyl isonicotinate caught more male F occidentalis (up to 52) than controls Ethyl2chloropyridine4carboxylate and ethyl nicotinate did not increase trap catches of either sex The results demonstrated that selected pyridine compounds have the potential to improve trap capture of F occidentalis in a covered crop
"WISEASS" - A State-of-the-art Interactive Supernova Spectroscopy Database (2012)

We have entered an era of massive data sets in astronomy. In particular, the number of supernova (SN) discoveries and classifications has substantially increased over the years from few tens to thousands per year. It is no longer the case that observations of a few prototypical events encapsulate most spectroscopic information about SNe, motivating the development of modern tools to collect, archive, organize and distribute spectra in general, and SN spectra in particular. For this reason we have developed the Weizmann Interactive Supernova data REPository - WISeREP - an SQL-based database (DB) with an interactive web-based graphical interface. The system serves as an archive of high quality SN spectra, including both historical (legacy) data as well as data that is accumulated by ongoing modern programs. The archive provides information about objects, their spectra, and related meta-data. Utilizing interactive plots, we provide a graphical interface to visualize data, perform line identification of the major relevant species, determine object redshifts, classify SNe and measure expansion velocities. Guest users may view and download spectra or other data that have been placed in the public domain. Registered users may also view and download data that are proprietary to specific programs with which they are associated. The DB currently holds >8000 spectra, of which >5000 are public; the latter include published spectra from the Palomar Transient Factory, all of the SUSPECT archive, the Caltech-Core-Collapse Program, the CfA SN spectra archive and published spectra from the UC Berkeley SNDB repository. It offers an efficient and convenient way to archive data and share it with colleagues, and we expect that data stored in this way will be easy to access, increasing its visibility, usefulness and scientific impact.
ChemInform Abstract: Refunctionalization of Homoallylic Alcohols Containing a Vinylic Chlorine Atom. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Does Artificial Ascites Induce the Heat-Sink Phenomenon during Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation of the Hepatic Subcapsular Area?: an in vivo Experimental Study Using a Rabbit Model (2009)

Artificial ascites are not likely to cause a significant heat-sink phenomenon in the percutaneous RF ablation of the hepatic subcapsular region.
A prospective, randomized trial of sclerotherapy versus ligation in the management of bleeding esophageal varices (1995)

We conducted a prospective, randomized trial comparing sclerotherapy and ligation in 120 patients with acute bleeding of esophageal varices. All the patients were cirrhotic, 59 received sclerotherapy, and 61 received ligation. Treatment was repeated regularly until the varices were obliterated. The mean follow-up period was 295 ± 120 days and 310 ± 105 days for the sclerotherapy and ligation groups, respectively. The control of active bleeding was 12/15 (80%) in the sclerotherapy group and 18/19 (94%) in the ligation group ( P = .23). The numbers of treatment sessions required to achieve variceal obliteration were 6.5 ± 1.2 in the sclerotherapy group and 3.8 ± 0.4 in the ligation group ( P < .001). Recurrent bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract was 51% in the sclerotherapy group compared with 33% in the ligation group ( P < .05). Recurrent bleeding from esophageal varices was 36% in the sclerotherapy group and 11% in the ligation group ( P < .01). However, bleeding from ectopic varices and congestive gastropathy was less common in the sclerotherapy group (7%) than in the ligation group (18%) ( P = .05). Significant complications were encountered in 19% of the sclerotherapy group and in 3.3% of the ligation group ( P < .01). Comparison of Kaplan-Meier estimates of time to death of both groups showed a significantly lower mortality in the ligation group ( P = .011). Both sclerotherapy and ligation can effectively arrest active bleeding from esophageal varices. However, ligation is more-effective than sclerotherapy in decreasing the risk of rebleeding from esophageal varices with fewer complications. Ligation can also achieve obliteration of esophageal varices more rapidly than sclerotherapy. Survival was significantly more improved after ligation than after sclerotherapy. However, there was a greater incidence of bleeding from sites other than the esophageal varices after ligation. (Hepatology 1995; 22:466-471.)
ChemInform Abstract: Standishinal, a Novel Carbon Skeletal Diterpene from the Bark of Thuja standishii (Gord.) Carr. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
New Oxidative Demetalation Protocol for Molybdenum π‐Complexes: Enantiocontrolled Synthesis of Unsaturated Ketones and Lactones. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
INHIBITION OF THE INCREASED PERMEABILITY OF BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER IN<i>ESCHERICHIA COLI</i>-INDUCED MENINGITIS BY CARBOXYFULLERENE (2001)

The effect of a water-soluble trimalonic acid derivative of fullerene, carboxyfullerene (C63(COOH)6), on the opening of blood-brain barrier (BBB) in Escherichia coli (E. coli)-induced meningitis was tested. In E. coli-induced meningitis model, the increase of BBB permeability was manifested in two distinct phases based on cytokine expression pattern and neutrophilic infiltration in B6 mice. An early increase in BBB permeability was occurred at 1–5 h post injection that could be blocked by either anti-TNF-αor anti-IL-1β antibodies. A late one (neutrophil-associated BBB opening) was manifested at 6–12 h that was inhibited by vinblastine pretreatment. Inhibition of the early E. coli-induced BBB opening blocked the development of the late one. Furthermore, the neutrophil-associated BBB opening (the late phase), but not cytokine- induced one (the early phase), was inhibited by a water-soluble carboxyfullerene.
Design and performance evaluation of a mobility management protocol for wireless ATM networks (2002)

The introduction of ATM in wireless CPN environments (WATM) necessitates the design of mobility signaling protocols, since the existing versions of B-ISDN signaling do not support terminal mobility. These protocols can be deployed as overlay solutions that have little or no impact on existing infrastructures (switches, signaling software, etc.). We present a WATM architecture and discuss the design of a mobility management and control protocol (MMC). After presenting what procedures the protocol specifies for the forward handover scenario we provide simulation results related to the performance of the system.
Memory Performance in Older Trauma Survivors (2006)

Impaired declarative memory performance and smaller hippocampal volume have been observed in young and middle-aged adults with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These alterations may put trauma survivors with PTSD at greater risk for cognitive decline in later life. This article focuses on the emerging literature on neuropsychological impairment in aging trauma survivors, in particular, elderly combat veterans and survivors of the Holocaust. In veterans and in Holocaust survivors, PTSD was associated with substantial impairments in learning, free and cued recall, and recognition memory compared to the respective nonexposed subjects; however, in neither group was PTSD associated with impaired retention or "rapid forgetting." Additionally, PTSD was not associated with smaller right or left hippocampal volume in either cohort. PTSD is associated with considerable cognitive burden with age. Longitudinal studies of older subjects are warranted to examine whether PTSD is associated with accelerated aging or progressive memory loss.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective One‐Pot Synthesis of β‐Lactams by Lewis Acid Promoted Condensation of Silylketene Thioacetals with Imines. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In situ measurement of the aerosol extinction‐to‐backscatter ratio at a polluted continental site (2000)

The extinction‐to‐backscatter ratio S is a crucial parameter for quantitative interpretation of lidar data, yet empirical knowledge of S for tropospheric aerosols is extremely limited. Here we review that knowledge and extend it using a recently developed in situ technique that employs a 180° backscatter nephelometer. This technique allows robust quantification of measurement uncertainties and permits correlations with other aerosol and meteorological properties to be explored. During 4 weeks of nearly continuous measurements in central Illinois, S was found to vary over a wide range, confirming previous indications that geographical location by itself is not necessarily a good predictor. The data suggest a modest dependence of S on relative humidity, but this explains only a small portion of the variation. Most variation was associated with changes between two dominant air mass types: rapid transport from the northwest and regional stagnation. The latter category displayed much higher aerosol concentrations and a systematically higher and more tightly constrained range of S. Averages and standard deviations were 64±4 sr for the stagnant category and 40±9 sr for the rapid transport category. Considering the 95% confidence precision uncertainty of the measurements, the difference between these averages is at least 13 sr and could be as large as 35 sr. The wavelength dependence of light scattering, as measured by a conventional nephelometer, is shown to have some discriminatory power with respect to S.
Framework for online superimposed event detection by sequential Monte Carlo methods (2008)

In this paper, we consider online separation and detection of superimposed events by applying particle filtering. We concentrate on a model where a background process, represented by a ID-signal, is superimposed by an auto-regressive (AR) 'event signal', but the proposed approach is applicable in a more general setting. The activation and deactivation times of the event-signal are assumed to be unknown. We solve the online detection problem of this superpositional event by extending the state space dimension by one. The additional parameter of the state represents the AR-signal, which is zero when deactivated. Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
A flexible future for paper-based electronics (2016)

This paper will review the origins and state of the art in paper-based electronics, suggesting the stage is set for future promising applications. Current interest in paper-based electronics can trace its roots to recent developments in paper-based microfluidics. With a need to improve the reliability and sensitivity of paperbased microfluidics for certain tasks, there were natural efforts to begin embedding sensing electrodes into microfluidic devices. Recognizing the general benefits of paper as an advanced material (e.g., its environmental friendliness, bendable nature, and low cost), efforts in paper-based electronics also began to take a life of their own with demonstrations of transistors, batteries and devices for energy storage, energy harvesting, sensors to improve situational awareness, acoustics, and displays. The state-of-the-art paper-based electronic devices have benefited and will continue to profit from technologies for printing and transferring electronic functionality onto the surfaces of paper-based substrates. Nonetheless, the authors suggest that many future promising applications will go beyond using paper as a carrier/substrate for electronic components to explore tuning of the electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties of the paper itself. With these technical advances, paper-based electronics will move closer to economically viable killer applications.
Be Delta-Doped Layers in GaAs Imaged with Atomic Resolution Using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (1995)

We present first results of the analysis of molecular beam epitaxy-grown Be:GaAs delta-doped layers with atomic resolution. These were obtained using cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy. At low Be areal density, the width of the delta layers is 1 nm, whereas at higher Be areal densities the spread of the layers is appreciable and the widths are approximately 5 nm. This spreading is mostly symmetric around the intended position of the delta-doped layer, and is ascribed to drift resulting from the Coulombic repulsion between the ionized dopants at growth temperature. Structure in the spatial distribution of dopants within the delta layer also reflects this repulsion.
Ethylene and developmental signals regulate expression of lipoxygenase genes during tomato fruit ripening (1999)

The role of ethylene in regulating the expression of three lipoxygenase (LOX) genes TomloxA, TomloxB and TomloxC during fruit ripening has been investigated. The study used a combination of low-ethylene fruit containing an ACC oxidase (ACO1) sense-suppressing transgene and tomato fruit ripening mutants deficient in ethylene perception in the case of Never-ripe (Nr) or ripening in the case of the ripening-inhibitor (rin). The results indicate that the three genes are differentially regulated during fruit ripening and that a combination of ethylene and developmental factors influence their expression. The expression of TomloxA declines during ripening and this is delayed in the ACO1 transgenic low-ethylene and Nr fruit indicating that this phenomenon is ethylene regulated. However, transcript abundance also declines during rin fruit development indicating that developmental factors also influence the expression of TomloxA. TomloxB expression increases during fruit ripening and expression is increased by ethylene as reduced accumulation is evident in transgenic and mutant fruit. The same ethylene up-regulated and ripening-related expression is shown by TomloxC, however, expression increases in rin fruit at the onset of colour change, indicating that there may also be a developmental component regulating TomloxC expression. These results indicate that individual LOX isoforms are differentially regulated and may have distinct functions during tomato fruit ripening.