gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Researcher-led Training: the PhD Experience Conference 2013 – Supporting the Student in Higher Education (2014)

In this paper, we report a postgraduate led project at the University of Hull to build upon and develop transferable skills for postgraduates.The PhD Experience Conference 2013 was developed as a way of providing a blended learning experience for researchers and key speakers, to share good practice as an alternative, or in addition to, the more formal classroom experience.One of the innovative approaches of this conference was to use the Vitae RDF wheel to structure the key themes of the conference, relating its formal organization to areas the students felt relevant to their need for development, to achieve the PhD degree and subsequent career goals.This approach enabled research students to have an additional support mechanism to overcome issues of isolation, to comprehend what a PhD is all about, and to submit a reflective journal (5 credits) or a report on chairing a conference (10 credits) to gain transferable skills and credits towards their Postgraduate Certificate in Research Training at the University of Hull, alongside their research degree."This project is
[Carboxyl terminus truncated HPV58 virus L1 protein expressed with baculovirus system and its bioactivity]. (2004)

To prepare carboxyl terminus truncated human papillomavirus type 58L1 protein, and study on its in vitro bioactivity. PCR was used to amplify carboxyl terminus truncated HPV 58L1 gene, the product was inserted into the PUCMT cloning vector, preparing recombinant PFastBacHTb containing carboxyl terminus truncated HPV58L1 gene. Further more, the recombinant plasmid PfastbacHTb was used to transform DH10Bac cells, constructing recombinant Baculovirus, then the recombinant virus was successfully used to infect Sf-9 insect cells. After incubating at 27 degrees C for 72 hours, the infected cells were collected and total cellular proteins were extracted. The target protein with MW 58KD was revealed by SDS-PAGE and confirmed by Western blot. The interested protein was purified by ProBond purification system. The purified interested protein was identified to self-assemble into VLPs by Transmission electron microscope, and induce murine erythrocyte hemagglutination, indicating that the given proteins had the conformation of VLPs, collecting, HPV58L1 proteins with carboxyl terminus truncation could be efficiently expressed in baculovirus Sf-9 cells expression system, it has identical in vitro bioactivity to the wild type HPV58L1, The present study is fundmental for preparing HPV58L1 prophylactic vaccine.
Teleseismic estimates of the energy radiated by shallow earthquakes (1986)

The energy flux contained in the P ‐wave groups ( P + pP + sP ) or the S ‐wave groups ( S + pS + sS ) radiated by a shallow earthquake is modeled assuming that the energy flux in the direct and depth phases adds incoherently. By defining generalized radiation patterns which incorporate this neutral interference, the wave groups are analyzed as though they were comprised of a single phase. Measurements of the energy flux in the wave groups are corrected in the frequency domain for both the body‐wave attenuation and the frequency band of the recording. The corrected measurements are then used to estimate the seismic energy radiated by the earthquake. This analysis is applied to digital recordings of the teleseismic wave groups radiated by the May 2, 1983, Coalinga, California, earthquake and the October 28, 1983, Borah Peak, Idaho, earthquake. For the Coalinga earthquake, an estimate of E s = 1.6 ± 0.4×10 21 dyn cm was determined from six P ‐wave groups, while the SH wave group recorded at station COL returned an estimate of E s = 1.2×10 21 dyn cm. For the Borah Peak earthquake, an estimate of E s = 3.2 ± 0.5×10 21 dyn cm was determined from seven P ‐wave groups. The distribution of the isoseismals for the Borah Peak earthquake indicate that the energy radiated by this event was focussed to the northwest, in the direction of rupture propagation. Correcting the teleseismic estimate for this focussing gives E s = 3.6 ± 0.5×10 21 dyn cm. Combining these estimates of the radiated energy with broad‐band estimates of the seismic moment yields estimates of the apparent stress of 17 and 7 bars for the Coalinga and the Borah Peak earthquakes, respectively.
Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Hepatitis B e Antigen and Hepatitis B Core Antigen (2011)

Despite effective vaccination programs in many countries, HBV infection is still a serious health problem throughout the world; more than 2 billion people have been infected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV). The serologic markers are crucial indicators in clinical diagnosis of HBV infection. The persistent presence of anti-HBc is associated with chronicity, and anti-HBe is an indicator for active viral replication. In the present study, two different hybridoma clones, 12E5 and 16F8, secreting anti-HBeAg and anti-HBc antibody were developed using hybridoma technology. BALB/c mice were immunized with HBe antigen (HBeAg), and monoclonal antibodies were generated from the spleen and lymph nodes of mice. Immunoglobulin types of antibodies were found to be IgG2a and IgG1, respectively. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced in large scale, purified with affinity chromatography, and epitope analysis was performed. The results have shown that 12E5 and 16F8 monoclonal antibodies can be used for detection of HBcAg and HBeAg, indicating that they have the potential for use in clinical diagnosis.
Artificial Intelligence and Psychiatry (1985)

First published in 1985, this book provides the psychiatrist with a basic knowledge of the methods and concepts used in the sphere of artificial intelligence. The techniques not only involve building models of the mind (and hence aid hypothesis testing) but also incorporate programs to assist the everyday work of psychiatrists. Knowledge representation, natural language understanding, search and planning, computer-assisted diagnosis, simulation and teaching are discussed. Enough basic theory is outlined to enable readers to understand and to carry out research in the area and to take part in the major ethical debate which will affect the direction of research in the area.
The Effect and Technique in Search Engine Optimization (2020)

In this modern era, we can find for anything anytime, anywhere on the internet. Most people will find it on Google. When we look for something, we will go to Google search engines. Google has more than 35 trillion Web Pages on the internet and if we have a website how can people notice your website that is buried with other 35 trillion websites? The question is how to make our website can be in the top position of search results. The answer is simple, that is by optimizing search engines on your website. In this paper we will inform SEO techniques such as onsite optimization and offsite optimization along with the effects of the two techniques which also allows your website to be on the top search of results. Finally, we also discussed the benefits of the website being to be the top in search engine.
Geographical distribution of African freshwater fishes (1975)

Journal Article Geographical distribution of African freshwater fishes Get access TYSON R. ROBERTS TYSON R. ROBERTS 1Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 57, Issue 4, December 1975, Pages 249–319, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1975.tb01893.x Published: 28 June 2008 Article history Accepted: 01 December 1974 Published: 28 June 2008
Stripe scanning for engineering (1988)

STRIPE — Scanning Triangulation Range Imaging Package for Engineering is examined by the National Engineering Laboratory.
Sensors for magnetic bearings (1993)

A variety of distance sensors suitable for application to magnetic levitation is examined. The characteristics of the sensors regarding the phase shift between in- and outgoing signals, frequency response, DC-stability, stability to EMF interference, resolution and temperature stability are analyzed. A simple eddy current sensor applicable to levitation is presented, and the effects of its nonlinear signal upon the system's performance are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Image reconstruction technique of electrical capacitance tomography for low-contrast dielectrics using Calderon's method (2009)

Calderon's method was introduced to electrical capacitance tomography in this paper. It is a direct algorithm of the image reconstruction for low-contrast dielectrics, as no matrix inversion or iterative process is needed. It was implemented through numerical integration. Since the Gauss–Legendre quadrature was applied and can be predetermined, the image reconstruction process was fast and resulted in images of high quality. Simulations were carried out to study the effect of different dielectric contrasts and different electrode numbers. Both simulated and experimental results validated the feasibility and effectiveness of Calderon's method in electrical capacitance tomography for low-contrast dielectrics.
Crosstalk Characterization in Geiger-Mode Avalanche Photodiode Arrays (2008)

Following our work on Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode arrays, we have recently been dealing with the crosstalk issue in newly developed dense arrays with a minimum distance between pixel centers of 84 mum. In this paper, we present our crosstalk measurement approach, including the experimental setup and the offline calculation methods. Different characterizations of the crosstalk probability P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CT</sub> versus capacitance have been performed to extrapolate the P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CT</sub> when no measurement setup loads the pixels. We also present results regarding the crosstalk probability versus pixel distance and bias. Moreover, by adopting a slightly different approach, the probability density decay time has been measured to investigate about crosstalk origin.
Reports Bibliography, October 1971 (1971)

The reports bibliography published at the Transportation Systems Center provides a substantive listing of scientific technical reports published from July 1970 through October 1971. Reports are arranged in 22 subject fields and are listed by sponsoring agency name and address. Abstracts of each technical report are presented, cross referenced by COSATI field and subject title.\n
Material Selection Guidelines for Structural Instrument Panel Applications (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Structural instrument panels are an excellent alternative to traditional constructions since they can provide substantial part consolidation, weight reduction, tool and cost savings, and manufacturing and assembly simplification. In structural panels, the main energy absorbing element for decelerating an unrestrained occupant is the plastic integrated retainer-structural duct. The role of the components in the instrument panel needs to be clearly understood for adequately engineering the system and properly selecting the polymeric material for optimum system performance in the different operating environments. The present paper discusses the performance of the structural instrument panel, the engineering and design requirements, and provides guidelines for selection of materials.</div>
Starting with complex primitives pays off: complicate locally, simplify globally (2004)

Abstract In setting up a formal system to specify a grammar formalism, the conventional (mathematical) wisdom is to start with primitives (basic primitive structures) as simple as possible, and then introduce various operations for constructing more complex structures. An alternate approach is to start with complex (more complicated) primitives, which directly capture some crucial linguistic properties and then introduce some general operations for composing these complex structures. These two approaches provide different domains of locality, i.e., domains over which various types of linguistic dependencies can be specified. The latter approach, characterized as complicate locally, simplify globally (CLSG), pushes non‐local dependencies to become local, i.e., they arise in the basic primitive structures to start with. The CLSG approach has led to some new insights into syntactic description, semantic composition, language generation, statistical processing, and psycholinguistic phenomena, all these with possible relevance to the cognitive architecture of language. In this paper, we will describe these results in an introductory manner making use of the framework of lexicalized tree‐adjoining grammar (LTAG), a key example of the CLSG approach, thereby describing the interplay between formal analysis on the one hand and linguistic and processing issues on the other hand.
Fast comparison of DNA sequences by oligonucleotide profiling (2008)

We show that the combination of the ability of analyzing words of relatively long size, which occur very rarely by chance, and the fast speed of the program allows to perform novel types of screenings, complementary to those provided by standard programs such as BLAST. This method can be used to determine oligonucleotide content, to characterize the distribution of repetitive sequences in chromosomes, to determine the evolutionary conservation of sequences in different species, to establish regions of similar DNA among chromosomes or genomes, etc.
The Effect of Unheated Normal Bovine Serum on the Complement-Fixing Activity of Heat Inactivated Bovine Antiserum with Homologous Antigen: III. Immunodiffusion Studies. (1962)

Examination by immuno-diffusion methods in agar gel plates demonstrated that the supplementing fraction precipitated from normal bovine serum by dialysis against dilute buffer, pH 5.0 to 6.6, contains at least three main antigens, and a weaker fourth. Two of these antigens or antigen determinants appeared to be present in globulin fractions prepared by dilution with distilled water or differential precipitation with ammonium or sodium sulphate.
Hand gesture recognition using machine learning and the Myo armband (2017)

Gesture recognition has multiple applications in medical and engineering fields. The problem of hand gesture recognition consists of identifying, at any moment, a given gesture performed by the hand. In this work, we propose a new model for hand gesture recognition in real time. The input of this model is the surface electromyography measured by the commercial sensor the Myo armband placed on the forearm. The output is the label of the gesture executed by the user at any time. The proposed model is based on the Λ-nearest neighbor and dynamic time warping algorithms. This model can learn to recognize any gesture of the hand. To evaluate the performance of our model, we measured and compared its accuracy at recognizing 5 classes of gestures to the accuracy of the proprietary system of the Myo armband. As a result of this evaluation, we determined that our model performs better (86% accurate) than the Myo system (83%).
Advanced Wound Care Therapies for Nonhealing Diabetic, Venous, and Arterial Ulcers (2013)

Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development, Quality Enhancement Research Initiative.
Attempts to control clothes-borne infection in a burn unit, 2. Clothing routines in clinical use and the epidemiology of cross-colonization (1979)

Previous investigations have shown that cross-contamination in a burn unit is mainly clothes-borne. New barrier garments have been designed and tried experimentally. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different clothing routines on cross-contamination. In a long-term study, the rates and routes of colonizations with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus groups A, B, C, F, and G and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were examined. The exogenous colonization rates were, with S. aureus 77%, with Streptococcus species 52% and with Ps. aeruginosa 32%. The colonization rate with Ps. aeruginosa was higher in patients with larger burns. Patients dispersed Streptococcus and Ps. aeruginosa as well as S. aureus into the air of their rooms in considerable amounts, but dispersers were not more important as sources of cross-colonization than non-dispersers. In comparison of clothing routines, there was no difference in overall colonization rates. The newly designed barrier garment that was made from apparently particle-tight material did not reduce the transfer of bacteria from patient to patient. A less rigid routine than that previously used did not increase the risk of cross-contamination. A thorough change of barrier dress after close contact nursing delayed the first exogenous S. aureus colonization from day 6 to day 14 after admission. This routine might be recommended for clinical use. Otherwise, methods must be developed for adequate selection of materials intended for barrier garments.
[Computer-assisted analysis of urethral pressure profiles in the woman]. (1996)

The regular urethral stress profile which is applied for the diagnosis in urinary stress incontinence has been modified in two respects: Volley-like increasing pressure and a final spline-interpolation. With this method it is possible to analyze virtual standards for any variable of the profile. Measurements were carried out in 20 stress incontinent female patients compared with 10 healthy women. Urinary stress incontinence could not be verified through regular profiles (i.e. methods) in each of the 20 impaired patients. After the stress profile had been modified we proved that 11 Aases auf twenty definitely suffered from urethral insufficiency, 6 patients showed a deterioration of the profile and 3 had no change. It is possible to prove urinary stress incontinence by tracing the dynamics of the urethral pressure response which shows an irregular pattern in incontinent women.
The influence of partial or total thymectomy during open heart surgery in infants on the immune function later in life (2004)

Infants undergoing open heart surgery often have all or part of their thymus removed. The activity of the immune system has not been investigated thoroughly in these children, and only shortly after the operation. Therefore, it was decided to investigate the activity of the immune system in more detail in children several years after their operation. Peripheral blood samples from 19 children who had undergone open heart surgery during their first months of life was collected (study group) and from 19 age- and gender-matched children (control group). The activity of the immune system was evaluated by measuring the number of different cell types in peripheral blood, the phenotype of lymphocytes and the response of T cells following in vitro stimulation by mitogen, tetanus toxoid and measles antigen. The study group had significantly lower counts of total lymphocytes, which was reflected in a lower number of T cells but not B cells. Furthermore, the study group had significantly lower proportion of T cells (CD3(+)) and helper T cells (CD4(+)), but not cytotoxic T cells (CD8(+)). The level of neutrophils in peripheral blood was significantly higher in the study group. This may indicate enhanced innate immunity when the acquired immunity is defective. The results indicate a shift to extrathymic T cell maturation, which is less efficient for CD4(+) helper cells than for CD8(+) cytotoxic cells.
Controlled cell disruption: A comparison of the forces required to disrupt different micro-organisms (1979)

A cell disrupter has been developed which can measure the forces required to disrupt both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. It operates a continuous process and will disrupt both large and small volumes. Shear forces are set up when a suspension under laminar flow conditions is released under high pressure through a short orifice. If the applied pressure is altered, the shear forces are simultaneously changed so that the amount of cell disruption can be compared under different known and repeatable conditions. The disrupter is now manufactured and supplied by Stansted Fluid Power Limited, Stansted, England. Phase-contrast microscopy has shown that the disrupter will break a variety of organisms including Chlorella, Aspergillus fumigatis, Fusarium sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus casei, Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium perfringens, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus zooepidermicus and Staphylococcus aureus. The cells are not all broken at one pressure but a certain pressure must be applied before disruption starts which will then increase rapidly as the applied pressure is increased. The applied pressure required to disrupt half the population in a culture is different from one species to another, rods being disrupted more easily than spheres. The case of disruption seems to be related to the shape and chemical composition of the cell wall. Furthermore, the disrupting process, in an unsynchronized culture is not random and may be related to the statistical size distribution of the cells.
Medicine (De medicina) (2006)

i. Medicine (De medicina) 1. Medicine is the art that protects or restores the body's health; its subject matter concerns illnesses and wounds. 2. To medicine belong not only things practiced by the skill of those properly called physicians (medicus), but also matters of food and drink, clothing and shelter. Ultimately, it consists of every defense and fortification by means of which our body is preserved [healthy] in the face of external blows and accidents.
Distinct regulation of effector and memory T‐cell differentiation (2008)

Three major subsets of antigen-experienced T cells have been identified based on surface markers and distinct functional properties: short-lived effector T cells, central memory T cells and effector memory T cells. The precise relationship among these subsets and their mode of differentiation are still controversial. Recent studies, however, have provided compelling evidence for an early delineation of the effector versus memory T-cell fates regulated through specific transcription factors. Cytokines have long been recognized as being important for the shaping of a T-cell response and for the maintenance of memory T cells. The observation that short-lived effector and memory T cells, as well as their precursors, express distinct levels of IL7R has provided an important tool to examine the role that cytokines play in the programming of T-cell differentiation pathways and of the transcriptional regulators that guide these processes. IL2 and IL12 in particular have been shown to provide the signals that induce or repress transcription factors, such as T-bet, Eomes and Blimp-1, all of which are crucial in the differentiation and homoeostasis of effector and memory T cells. The coordinated differentiation of a heterogeneous population of antigen-specific T cells early during an immune response is essential for the effective eradication of pathogens and the long-term protection against reinfection. Thus, understanding the signals and transcriptional programmes in T-cell differentiation is a key to successful manipulation of T-cell responses during vaccination.