gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of growth factor-mediated MAP kinase activation by v-raf in macrophages: a putative role for the MKP-1 phosphatase. (1995)

Many tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors activate the MAP Kinase (MAPK) pathway by stimulating the activity of the RAF kinase. In some, but not all cell types, the expression of activated RAF is sufficient to induce constitutive MAPK activation. In BAC-1.2F5 macrophages the expression of virally activated RAF does not correlate with constitutive MAPK activation; on the contrary, growth factor-mediated stimulation of MAPK activity is suppressed in these cells. Suppression correlates with v-RAF expression, as MAPK activation is normal in a revertant cell line that stopped expressing v-RAF. Inhibition of MAPK activation is associated with lack of ERK-2 tyrosine phosphorylation, and is not due to the suppression of CSF-1-mediated MEK activation. Pretreatment with vanadate restores growth factor-stimulated activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of MAPK in v-RAF-expressing macrophages, indicating the involvement of a tyrosine phosphatase. Interestingly, v-RAF-expressing macrophages contain low constitutive levels of MKP-1 mRNA, an immediate early gene that encodes a MAPK-specific phosphatase and is induced in the parental cell line by CSF-1 treatment. The restoration of MAPK activation by vanadate pretreatment and the presence of MKP-1 mRNA in v-RAF-expressing macrophages raise the intriguing possibility that in macrophages RAF may be feeding back on the MAPK pathway by participating in the control of MKP-1 expression.
Evaluation of the quality of panchromatic/multispectral fusion algorithms performed on images simulating the future Pleiades satellites (2003)

This paper presents the results of a study led by the CNES (French Space Agency) to compare several panchromatic/multispectral fusion methods. Five fusion methods have been selected and evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively. The quantitative results are obtained through analysis of variance; while fusion is evaluated qualitatively by visual experts. Finally, correlations are sought between the two kinds of evaluations.
SEAMLESS AND MANAGEABLE ITS TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS (1998)

Today's Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) telecommunication networks, in connecting roadside equipment to Traffic Control Centers play an integral role in the transmission of critical information for the purposes of making travel safer and more efficient. Nonetheless ITS network designs implemented to date are very fragmented and have high life-cycle costs associated with them. These designs will prove difficult to scale and manage in the future as the expanded view of services envisaged by the ITS community evolves into being. To address this issue, the following paper describes a seamless and manageable ITS network that provides broadcast-quality video and is cost- effective. It allows a graceful migration to an all-digital network while allowing more flexible control of the bandwidth using a standards-compliant Network Management System (NMS) that is compatible with ITS Traffic Control Center applications
Natural Reinfection of Adults by Respiratory Syncytial Virus (1962)

RESPIRATORY syncytial virus has been shown to be responsible for a significant amount of acute respiratory disease during infancy and childhood.1 2 3 This virus was linked particularly with cases of pneumonia and bronchiolitis occurring among children less than two years of age. In one study outbreaks of infection were recorded during each of three successive years.4 Serologic studies indicate that infection is extremely common in early life, since 60 to 80 per cent of persons tested possessed neutralizing antibodies against the virus by four years of age.5 At present there is little information concerning infection among adults. Hamre et al.6 and . . .
Guideline for follicular tumours and indeterminate cytology of thyroid tumours (2010)

甲状腺細胞診断では, 多くの腺腫様甲状腺腫と濾胞性腫瘍 (濾胞癌と濾胞腺腫) が「良・悪性鑑別困難」に診断され, 悪性の可能性 (確率) は一般的に明示されないことが多い. そのなかで他の臨床所見 (年齢, 性別, 腫瘍直径と増大傾向, 画像所見など) で悪性の可能性が高い群のみが外科的適応となる. しかしながら, 患者にとって「良・悪性鑑別困難」の診断を受けたときの精神的不安と, 臨床家の細胞診への期待とを考えたとき, 細胞診断によるより正確な手術適応の絞り込みが望まれる. 「良・悪性鑑別困難」の運用基準を検討すると, 腺腫様甲状腺腫と濾胞性腫瘍 (濾胞癌と濾胞腺腫) の細胞学的鑑別診断基準が診断者により若干異なり, 「良・悪性鑑別困難」の運用基準も診断者により異なることがワークショップで明らかとなった. 細胞診断基準のみならず, 組織診断基準の統一と標準化が必要と考えられ, 「良・悪性鑑別困難」を 3 群 (良性の可能性が高いもの, 悪性の可能性が高いもの, 中間的で真の意味で鑑別困難なもの) に細分類することが薦められ, その細胞所見や診断基準の標準化が必要と考えられる.
Reaction of norbornadiene with 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of norbornadiene with 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuranMichael P. Cava and F. M. ScheelCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 5, 1304–1307Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01280a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01280a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views166Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Morphological analysis of protein transport from the ER to Golgi membranes in digitonin-permeabilized cells: role of the P58 containing compartment. (1992)

The glycoside digitonin was used to selectively permeabilize the plasma membrane exposing functionally and morphologically intact ER and Golgi compartments. Permeabilized cells efficiently transported vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) through sealed, membrane-bound compartments in an ATP and cytosol dependent fashion. Transport was vectorial. VSV-G protein was first transported to punctate structures which colocalized with p58 (a putative marker for peripheral punctate pre-Golgi intermediates and the cis-Golgi network) before delivery to the medial Golgi compartments containing alpha-1,2-mannosidase II and processing of VSV-G to endoglycosidase H resistant forms. Exit from the ER was inhibited by an antibody recognizing the carboxyl-terminus of VSV-G. In contrast, VSV-G protein colocalized with p58 in the absence of Ca2+ or the presence of an antibody which inhibits the transport component NSF (SEC18). These studies demonstrate that digitonin permeabilized cells can be used to efficiently reconstitute the early secretory pathway in vitro, allowing a direct comparison of the morphological and biochemical events involved in vesicular tafficking, and identifying a key role for the p58 containing compartment in ER to Golgi transport.
Prognostic value of plasma hPG<sub>80</sub> (circulating progastrin), alone or in combination with Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. (2021)

3033 Background: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the most widely used biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis since it is expressed in the advanced stages of the disease. Consequently, AFP is not useful in establishing a prognosis for patients with a tumor in the early stages of the disease. hPG 80 (circulating progastrin), a new drug target for cancer treatment which plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, is present in the blood of multiple types of cancers at early stages including HCC. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of plasma hPG 80 in patients with HCC, in combination or not with AFP. Methods: A total of 168 HCC patients (BCLC from 0 to D) managed with local or systemic treatments, (“Liverpool” biobank) were enrolled prospectively and analyzed retrospectively. hPG 80 was quantified using DxPG 80 Lab kit (ECS-Progastrin) and AFP was quantified using Cobas E411 in the blood of HCC patients. An optimal cutoff value of hPG 80 was identified at 4.5 pM by calculating the minimal p-value based on the log-rank method. For AFP, a cutoff of 100 ng/mL was used as for liver transplantation (Notarpaolo, 2016). The prognostic impact of hPG 80 and AFP levels on patient survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. Results: The median overall survival (OS) of the full cohort is 20.9 months. HCC patients with high hPG 80 levels (hPG 80 +: >4.5 pM, 105/168) had significantly lower median OS compared to patients with low hPG 80 levels (hPG 80 -: <4.5 pM, 63/168) (12.4 months versus undefined respectively, p < 0.0001). Patients with high AFP (AFP+: >100 ng/mL, 69/165) had significantly lower median OS compared to patients with low AFP (AFP: <100 ng/mL 96/165) (7.2 months versus undefined, p < 0.0001). To improve the stratification, the patients were further categorized into four groups: hPG 80 -/AFP- (n = 42), hPG 80 +/AFP- (n = 54), hPG 80 -/AFP+ (n = 21) and hPG 80 +/AFP+ (n = 48). In the AFP- group, hPG 80 + patients exhibited a significantly worse prognosis than those with hPG 80 - (26.3 months versus undefined, p=0.0087). Similarly, in the AFP+ group, patients with hPG 80 + had a significantly worse survival compared to hPG 80 - patients (5.7 months versus 13.4 months, p = 0.0391). Finally, we evaluated the median OS of AFP+ patients according to BCLC staging. Interestingly, in the group BCLC 0 to B, hPG80+ had a significantly worse prognosis than those with hPG 80 - (15.8 months versus 40.25 months, p=0.0317). Conclusions: Our findings show that hPG 80 could serve as a new prognostic biomarker in HCC. Used in combination with AFP, it improves the stratification of the patients in good and worst prognosis, especially for those patients with negative AFP and early-stage HCC.
Reduced insulin clearance relates to increased liver fat content in recent-onset type 2 diabetes and to impaired glucose control in recent-onset type 1 diabetes (2019)

Insulin clearance can be lower in longstanding insulin-resistant states, whereas hepatic insulin kinetics are not yet clear in newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus.
Pharmakoökonomischer Nutzen der Selbstmedikation in Deutschland – Empirische Untersuchung am Beispiel von Migräne und Kopfschmerzen (2015)

<b>Zielsetzung:</b> Migräne und andere Kopfschmerzformen zählen epidemiologisch zu den häufigsten und nach Demenz und Schlaganfall zu den drittteuersten Erkrankungen des Nervensystems. Diese empirische Untersuchung analysiert den pharmakoökonomischen Nutzen der Selbstmedikation bei Migräne und Kopfschmerzen für die Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherungen (GKV) in Deutschland. <b>Methodik:</b> Die Analyse basiert auf einer repräsentativen Bevölkerungsbefragung an GKV-Versicherten zu Häufigkeit, Symptomatik und Verhalten bei Migräne und Kopfschmerzen. Es werden das durch Arztbesuche aufgrund von Kopfschmerzen und Migräne zusätzlich ausgelöste Pauschalen-Volumen sowie die zu erwartenden Verordnungskosten bei Wegfall der Selbstmedikation ermittelt. Dabei werden die im Jahr 2013/2014 gültigen Bedingungen für die Abrechnung von ärztlichen Leistungen und Arzneimittelverordnungen berücksichtigt. <b>Ergebnisse:</b> Bei Wegfall der Selbstmedikation ergeben sich jährliche Mehrkosten für Arztbesuche ohne Gesprächspauschalen von bis zu 696,8 Mio. Euro, mit Ansatz der Gesprächspauschale bis zu 832,9 Mio. Euro. Unter Berücksichtigung wegfallender Kosten errechnen sich Nettomehrkosten für Arzthonorare von bis zu 707,8 Mio. Euro. Hinzu kommen jährliche Arzneimittel-Verordnungskosten in Höhe von bis zu 393,2 Mio. Euro. <b>Schlussfolgerung:</b> Die Selbstmedikation von Migräne und Kopfschmerzen führt zu jährlichen maximalen Einsparungen für die GKV zwischen 964,9 Mio. und 1101,0 Mio. Euro aufgrund nicht verordneter Medikamente und vermiedener Arztbesuche. Selbstmedikation von Migräne und Kopfschmerzen bedingt damit einen erheblichen gesundheitsökonomischen Nutzen für die Versichertengemeinschaft.
Blocks and Fuel (2015)

This is our first stable release. It's intended to provide a stable version of Blocks and Fuel leading up to the NIPS 2015 deadline, and as a testbed for our new development model.
Purification and Biochemical Characterization of Polygalacturonase Produced by <i>Penicillium expansum</i> During Postharvest Decay of ‘Anjou’ Pear (2009)

A polygalacturonase (PG) was extracted and purified from decayed tissue of 'Anjou' pear fruit inoculated with Penicillium expansum. Ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, and cation exchange chromatography were used to purify the enzyme. Both chromatographic methods revealed a single peak corresponding to PG activity. PG enzyme activity from healthy and wounded pear tissue was undetectable, which supports the claim that the purified PG is of fungal origin. The purified enzyme had a molecular mass of 41 kDa and a pI of 7.8. Activity of the PG was not associated with a glycosylated protein. The enzyme was active over a broad pH range from 3 to 6, with optimal activity at 4.5 in sodium citrate and sodium acetate buffers. The optimal temperature for activity was 37 degrees C but the enzyme was also active at 0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 degrees C. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of PG hydrolysis products showed that the enzyme exhibits endo- and exo-activity. The purified enzyme macerated tissue in vitro causing approximately 30% reduction in mass of pear plugs compared with approximately 17% reduction for apple. Additionally, it produced 1.5-fold more soluble polyuronides on pear than apple tissue. This work shows for the first time the production of a PG by P. expansum during postharvest decay of pear fruit is different from the previously described PG produced in decayed apple fruit by the same pathogen.
Comparison of Capillary and Venous Plasma Drug Concentrations After Repeated Administration of Risperidone, Paliperidone, Quetiapine, Olanzapine, or Aripiprazole (2016)

Quantification of blood levels of antipsychotic drugs may be useful for managing medication therapy. This open-label, parallel-group study was performed to compare finger-stick-based capillary with corresponding venous plasma concentrations for risperidone, paliperidone, quetiapine, olanzapine, and aripiprazole and their major metabolites after repeated dosing in patients with schizophrenia or related illnesses. Finger-stick-based capillary and venous blood samples were collected at various times within a dosing interval. All drug concentration measurements in the derived plasma samples were performed with validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods. Finger-stick-based capillary and venous plasma drug concentrations after repeated dosing were generally similar. Olanzapine capillary plasma concentrations, however, were on average approximately 20% higher than venous concentrations, with a trend for a relatively greater difference occurring shortly after dosing. In addition, smaller capillary-venous differences were observed for extended-release and long-acting intramuscular formulations and for aripiprazole, a drug with a long half-life, compared with drugs administered as an immediate-release formulation (risperidone, olanzapine). After repeated dosing, plasma derived from finger-stick-based blood was observed to be predictive of the venous concentrations. Capillary sampling may be an appropriate alternative to venous sampling to readily evaluate systemic drug concentrations.
Animal models for penile erection studies (1983)

Abstract To study the various aspects of penile erection, we created two animal models: (1) a monkey model, by implanting electrodes around the cavernous nerves, and (2) a dog model, by implanting electrodes around the cavernous and pudendal nerves. The cavernous nerves, which are branches of the pelvic plexus, travel along the posterolateral aspect of the prostate to innervate the erectile tisue of the penis. Electrostimulation of the cavernous nerves in 15 dogs and three monkeys induced prolonged erection. Because the anatomy of the penis in these animals is very close to that in man they offer an excellent model for the study of penile erection.
Status of input design for aircraft parameter identification (1975)

Results are presented on the design of aircraft inputs (i.e. elevator, rudder and aeleron deflection time histories) to identify aircraft stability and control derivatives from flight test data. The problem is first reduced to an optimization problem with differential and integral constraints. The criteria used are either expressed in terms of the Cramer-Rao lower bound on the covariance matrix of the parameter estimates or in terms of the maximum prediction error variance. Both time-domain longitudinal and lateral dynamics of C-8 and Jet Star aircrafts and comparison with doublet type inputs are made.
Catalytic Combustion in Gas Turbines : Experimental Study on Gasified Biomass Utilization (2014)

Catalytic combustion of methane over a supported bimetallic Pd-Pt catalyst and a monometallic Pd catalyst has been investigated experimentally. Two different reactor configurations were used in the study, i.e. a tubular lab-scale reactor working at atmospheric pressure and a high-pressure reactor working at up to 15 bar. The results showed that the bimetallic catalyst has a clearly more stable activity during steady-state operation compare to the palladium only catalyst. The activity of the bimetallic catalyst was slightly higher than for the palladium catalyst. These results were established in both test facilities. Further, the impact of pressure on the combustion activity has been studied experimentally. The tests showed that the methane conversion decreases with increasing pressure. However, the impact of pressure is more prominent at lower pressures and levels out for pressures above 10 bar
High Nonlinearity and Single-Mode Transmission in Tapered Multimode $\hbox{As}_{2}\hbox{Se}_{3}$-PMMA Fibers (2012)

We demonstrate the fabrication and use of a 10-cm-long-PMMA microwire with ultrahigh waveguide nonlinearity γ= 176 W <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> that is fully compatible with standard single-mode silica fibers. The fabrication of this microtaper is simplified with respect to a previous approach as the core is made of a bulk cylinder rather than a single-mode step-index fiber. The successful operation of this nonlinear component is demonstrated with a Kerr-shutter switching experiment based on nonlinear polarization rotation.
Molecular weight dependence of intrinsic viscosity of polymer solutions (1952)

Abstract Intrinsic viscosities of low molecular weight polystyrene fractions measured in an “ideal” solvent ( i.e. , in cyclohexane at the “θ temperature,” 34°C.) are in accord with the relationship [η] θ = KM 1/2 . Even at a molecular weight of only 4000, the observed value of K agrees with that for high molecular weights.
Momentum-Resolved Observation of Thermal and Quantum Depletion in a Bose Gas (2016)

We report on the single-atom-resolved measurement of the distribution of momenta ℏk in a weakly interacting Bose gas after a 330 ms time of flight. We investigate it for various temperatures and clearly separate two contributions to the depletion of the condensate by their k dependence. The first one is the thermal depletion. The second contribution falls off as k^{-4}, and its magnitude increases with the in-trap condensate density as predicted by the Bogoliubov theory at zero temperature. These observations suggest associating it with the quantum depletion. How this contribution can survive the expansion of the released interacting condensate is an intriguing open question.
Hemodynamic aspects of mitral regurgitation assessed by generalized phase‐contrast MRI (2011)

MRI permits investigations of atrial flow patterns and TKE in significant mitral regurgitation. The degree of LA flow distortion, as measured by the average LA TKE over one cardiac cycle, appears to reflect the severity of regurgitation.
Enzymatic Kinetic Resolution of 2-Piperidineethanol for the Enantioselective Targeted and Diversity Oriented Synthesis (2015)

2-Piperidineethanol (1) and its corresponding N-protected aldehyde (2) were used for the synthesis of several natural and synthetic compounds. The existence of a stereocenter at position 2 of the piperidine skeleton and the presence of an easily-functionalized group, such as the alcohol, set 1 as a valuable starting material for enantioselective synthesis. Herein, are presented both synthetic and enzymatic methods for the resolution of the racemic 1, as well as an overview of synthesized natural products starting from the enantiopure 1.
Field emission of bismuth sulfide upright-standing platelets (2008)

Indium-tin-oxide substrate-supported chemically synthesized bismuth sulfide upright-standing platelets of micron-size height and nanometer-size width are explored for the field emission. Bismuth sulfide upright-standing platelets electrode shows a turn-on field of 2.83 V/μm at a current density of 10 μA/cm2, a maximum emissive current of 49 μA/cm2 (3.5V/μm), and 9396 beta-factor comparable to the field emission studies of carbon nanotubes, when used as a cathode for emitting current under applied voltage.