gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Centroid wavelength of LEDs determined by broadband measurement</title> (1998)

The centroid wavelength of a spectrum can be determined directly from the ratio of quantum and radiant flux values. This method is a fundamental spectral measurement since it satisfies the mathematical definition of centroid wavelength. Using broad-band methods for measuring quantum and radiant flux, the centroid wavelength can be determined from a ratio of photocurrents. This simple technique yields spectral information, which is normally available only by spectroradiometry. The technique is extendable beyond the visible spectrum, and has useful applications beyond LED measurements. LEDs are used to demonstrate this method for determining centroid wavelength. The LEDs are characterized by both broad band methods and spectroradiometry. The results are discussed and evaluated. The measured LEDs range from red to blue and also include white. The broad-band measurements are made without prior knowledge of the spectral distribution. For LEDs, the accuracy can be improved by using correction techniques. The broad-band centroid wavelength is within +/- 5 nm of the value determined by spectroradiometry.
Tumor vaccines with dsRNA adjuvant ARNAX induces antigen-specific tumor shrinkage without cytokinemia (2015)

Here, we introduce a double-stranded RNA mimic that is chemically synthesized to exclusively stimulate toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3). This function-defined TLR3 ligand, named ARNAX, acts as an adjuvant to induce antitumor CTL and NK without significant cytokinemia in mice, and thus superior to polyI:C for therapeutic vaccine immunotherapy against tumor.
Establishment and characterization of seven human breast cancer cell lines including two triple-negative cell lines (2013)

Permanently growing cell lines can be invaluable because of their usefulness in a variety of experimental situations. We report the characteristics of seven cell lines designated, SNU-306, SNU-334, SNU-1528, SNU-1553, SNU-1581, SNU-1958 and SNU-2372, which were established from three primary carcinomas, two pleural effusion, one pericardial effusion and one ascitic fluid samples obtained from seven Korean breast carcinoma patients. The histopathology of the primary tumors and their in vitro growth characteristics are described. DNA fingerprinting analysis and genetic alterations in the p53 and EGFR genes were conducted. The expression levels of the ER-α, PR, C-erbB2, E-cadherin, COX-2, MDR and MXR genes were investigated and sensitivity to anticancer drugs was screened. Growth was as adherent cells (four cell lines), floating aggregates (one cell line) and both (two cell lines). All lines were free of mycoplasma or bacteria and were proven unique by DNA fingerprinting analysis using 18 microsatellite markers. Estrogen receptor (ER) mRNA was highly expressed in five cell lines and low or undetectable in SNU-1958 and SNU-2372. Progesterone receptor (PR) mRNA was expressed only in the SNU-306. SNU-1958 and SNU-2372 were hormone receptor-negative and C-erbB2-negative (triple-negative). SNU-1528 had an in-frame deletion of 42 base pairs of p53 gene and showed over 20-fold resistance for taxol compared to the other cell lines. There were no mutation in the EGFR gene; COX-2 was expressed in four cell lines and MXR was expressed in two cell lines. These well-characterized seven breast cancer cell lines, which include two triple-negative cell lines, will be useful for the study of breast cancer biology.
Chemical Shift Assignments and Folding Topology of the RAS-Binding Domain of Human RAF-1 As Determined by Heteronuclear Three-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy (1994)

Raf-1 is a 74-kDa serine-threonine kinase which serves as the immediate downstream target of Ras in the cell growth signal transduction pathway. Recent genetic and biochemical experiments have demonstrated that (1) Ras interacts directly with the amino-terminal domain of Raf and (2) residues 51-131 of the Raf sequence are sufficient to mediate this interaction [Vojtek, A. B., Hollenberg, S. M., & Cooper, J. A. (1993) Cell 74, 205-214]. We have expressed a corresponding segment of the human Raf sequence (Raf55-132) in Escherichia coli as a fusion with maltose binding protein. The fusion protein was purified by affinity chromatography and cleaved at a pre-engineered site with factor Xa protease to liberate the 78-residue fragment of Raf. Raf55-132 bound to Ras with high affinity in a competition assay with GAP. An unlabeled version of Raf55-132 was studied by 2D homonuclear NMR, and uniformly 15N- and 13C/15N-labeled versions of Raf55-132 were studied by 2D and 3D heteronuclear NMR. Nearly complete sequence-specific assignments were made for the backbone HN, H alpha, 15N, and 13C alpha resonances. NOEs were used to determine regions of secondary structure and the overall folding topology. Raf55-132 is an independently folded domain composed of a five-stranded beta-sheet, a three-turn alpha-helix, and possibly an additional one-turn helix. Its structure resembles that of ubiquitin, even though there is no more than 11% sequence homology between the two proteins.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective 2‐Deoxy‐β‐O‐glycoside Synthesis Based on Remote Activation of Novel Oxathiine Donors. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Flameless “Cool” Combustion in Multi-phase Configuration (2015)

Abstract Cool flames are commonly associated with engine-knock phenomenon in spark ignition engines and autoignition in diesel engines, and results from low temperature partial oxidation of the fuel air mixture that eventually leads to hot flame ignition. However, the possibility of a cool flame supporting quasi-steady combustion of a fuel droplet has never been speculated, let alone been experimentally observed. Recent microgravity droplet combustion onboard the International Space Station (ISS) under the Flame Extinguishment (FLEX) Experiment Program showed anomalous combustion of n -heptane droplets; high temperature combustion followed by radiative visible extinction and a transition to a second stage burn characterized by loss of visible flame emission. In the second stage the droplet regression continues eventually resulting in extinction diameters characteristic of diffusive extinction. Experimental examples of the two stage burning and extinction characteristics of isolated n -heptane droplets under microgravity conditions are presented and analyzed numerically. Predictions show that the second stage combustion occurs as a result of chemical kinetics associated with classical premixed “ Cool Flame ” phenomena. In contrast to the kinetic interactions responsible for premixed cool flame properties, those important to cool flame droplet burning are characteristically associated with the temperature range between the turnover temperature and the hot ignition. Initiation of and continuing second stage combustion involves a dynamic balance of heat generation from diffusively controlled chemical reaction and heat loss from radiation and diffusion. Within the noted temperature range, increasing reaction temperature leads to decreased chemical reaction rate and vice versa. As a result, changes of heat loss rate are dynamically balanced by heat release from chemical reaction rate as the droplet continue to burn and regress in size. Factors leading to initiation of the second stage burning phenomena are also investigated. The chemical kinetics dictating the second stage combustion and extinction process is also discussed.
Chemical Detection Of Selected Hallucinogens In Water (1981)

Abstract A specific and non-destructive test for basic esters of benzilic and α-glycolic acids in water is described. The compounds are collected on a glass fiber filter as water insoluble complexes with sodium tetraphenylboron. The filter is dried and sprayed with a 2-diphenylacetyl-l, 3-indandione-l-imine derivative. A positive test is the visual observation of fluorescence.
Phoneme based spoken document retrieval (1998)

Bij Spoken Document Retrieval zijn twee technieken vergeleken: foonherkenning met indexering, en wordspotting. Het blijkt dat een hybride techniek de beste resultaten geeft.
Electron-transfer quenching of ruthenium(II) photosensitizers by mercury(II) chlorides. 1. Reactions in aqueous solution (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron-transfer quenching of ruthenium(II) photosensitizers by mercury(II) chlorides. 1. Reactions in aqueous solutionB. L. Hauenstein Jr., Krishnagopal Mandal, J. N. Demas, and B. A. DeGraffCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 8, 1101–1107Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00176a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00176a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mechanistic aspects of metal-catalyzed alternating copolymerization of olefins with carbon monoxide (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanistic aspects of metal-catalyzed alternating copolymerization of olefins with carbon monoxideAyusman SenCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1993, 26, 6, 303–310Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00030a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00030a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1115Altmetric-Citations378LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Isotachophoresis with emulsions (2013)

An experimental study on isotachophoresis (ITP) in which an emulsion is used as leading electrolyte (LE) is reported. The study aims at giving an overview about the transport and flow phenomena occurring in that context. Generally, it is observed that the oil droplets initially dispersed in the LE are collected at the ITP transition zone and advected along with it. The detailed behavior at the transition zone depends on whether or not surfactants (polyvinylpyrrolidon, PVP) are added to the electrolytes. In a system without surfactants, coalescence is observed between the droplets collected at the ITP transition zone. After having achieved a certain size, the droplets merge with the channel walls, leaving an oil film behind. In systems with PVP, coalescence is largely suppressed and no merging of droplets with the channel walls is observed. Instead, at the ITP transition zone, a droplet agglomerate of increasing size is formed. In the initial stages of the ITP experiments, two counter rotating vortices are formed inside the terminating electrolyte. The vortex formation is qualitatively explained based on a hydrodynamic instability triggered by fluctuations of the number density of oil droplets.
Search for the decay<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>B</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mo>*</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn>892</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math> (2007)

We report on a search for the process ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{K}}^{*0}(892){K}^{+}$ using $232\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ $\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(4S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}B\overline{B}$ decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy $B$ factory at SLAC. From a signal yield of $25\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}13[\mathrm{stat}]\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7[\mathrm{syst}]$ ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{K}}^{*0}(892)(\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}){K}^{+}$ events, we place an upper limit on the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{K}}^{*0}(892){K}^{+})$ of $1.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$, at the 90% confidence level.
The Eicosanoids of Asthma (1983)

Nowadays, bronchial asthma is generally regarded as a disease of allergy. Its expression can be attributed to a constitutional predisposition which not only manifests itself as a hypersensitivity to various allergens, but also as an altered resistance of the airways.1 Fifty years after this formulation of asthma emerged from the school of Clemens von Pirquet, we are on the verge of understanding how chemically defined mediators produced by "hypersensitivity to various allergens" cause "altered resistance of the airways."Asthmatic attacks are triggered not only by extrinsic agents such as inhaled antigens but also by ill-defined "intrinsic" factors; both lead to . . .
Prevalence of autoimmune inflammatory myopathy in the first nations population of Alberta, Canada (2012)

Unlike other rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis, we did not detect an increased prevalence of AIM in Alberta's First Nations population relative to the non-First Nations population. Potential limitations include coding errors, underidentification of First Nations members, and recognized differences in access to care for the First Nations population.
Placental Expression of HLA Class I Genes (1996)

This article presents an overview of the more recent data dealing with the constitutive, transcriptional, and translational expression of classical class Ia and nonclassical HLA-E and -G class Ib products in the different trophoblast cell subpopulations that constitute the maternofetal interface during human pregnancy. Of particular interest is the expression of alternatively spliced HLA-G transcriptional isoforms that may be translated in membrane-bound or soluble protein products. Molecular regulatory mechanisms that may control the differential expression of class Ia and class Ib molecules, according to the cell types, state of differentiation, and stages of gestation are also examined. They may operate at the levels of transcription, translation and/or transport of proteins to the cell surface. Functional significance of the absence of detectable cell surface expression of class Ia molecules in all trophoblast cell subpopulations, and of the presence of membrane-bound HLA-G products in extravillous cytotrophoblast cells is finally questioned.
ChemInform Abstract: Late‐Metal Catalysts for Ethylene Homo‐ and Copolymerization (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Increased Sensitivity to Renal Ischaemia During Haemorrhagic Hypotension Demonstrated in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat by31P???Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1985)

Ratcliffe, P J; Holloway, P A; Moonen, C T W; Blackledge, M; Ledingham, J G G; Radda, G K Author Information
Systemic Cell Death Is Elicited by the Interaction of a Single Gene in <i>Nicotiana clevelandii</i> and Gene VI of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (1999)

Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) strains D4 and W260 can be distinguished by the type of symptoms they induce in Nicotiana clevelandii and N. edwardsonii. W260 induces systemic cell death in addition to a mosaic symptom in N. clevelandii and a hypersensitive response (HR) in N. edwardsonii, whereas D4 induces a systemic mosaic in both hosts. To determine which W260 genes are responsible for systemic cell death, chimeric viruses were constructed between the D4 and W260 strains. It was found that W260 gene VI was responsible for the elicitation of systemic cell death; previous studies had shown that this same gene elicited HR in N. edwardsonii. An immunological analysis of plants infected with W260 or D4 indicated that the systemic cell death symptom was not associated with enhanced levels of either W260 virions or the W260 gene VI product. To investigate the inheritance of systemic cell death, crosses were made between N. clevelandii and N. bigelovii, a host that reacts with a systemic mosaic symptom upon infection with W260. All F 1 plants developed a systemic mosaic after inoculation with W260, whereas the F 2 generation segregated 3:1 for systemic mosaic versus cell death. The plant gene responsible for cell death was designated ccd1, for CaMV cell death gene. These results demonstrate that the systemic cell death symptom in N. clevelandii is induced by the interaction between a single host gene and gene VI of CaMV.
Evidence of a dominant negative mutant of yeast methionine aminopeptidase type 2 in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2004)

Eukaryotic methionine aminopeptidase type 2 (MetAP2, MetAP2 gene (MAP2)), together with eukaryotic MetAP1, cotranslationally hydrolyzes initiator methionine from nascent polypeptides when the side chain of the second residue is small and uncharged. In this report, we took advantage of the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) map1 null strain's reliance on MetAP2 activity for the growth and viability to provide evidence of the first dominant negative mutant of eukaryotic MetAP2. Replacement of the conserved His(174) with alanine within the C-terminal catalytic domain of yeast MetAP2 eliminated detectable catalytic activity against a peptide substrate in vitro. Overexpression of MetAP2 (H174A) under the strong GPD promoter in a yeast map1 null strain was lethal, whereas overexpression under the weaker GAL1 promoter slightly inhibited map1 null growth. Deletion mutants further revealed that the N-terminal region of MetAP2 (residues 2-57) is essential but not sufficient for MetAP2 (H174A) to fully interfere with map1 null growth. Together, these results indicate that catalytically inactive MetAP2 is a dominant negative mutant that requires its N-terminal region to interfere with wild-type MetAP2 function.
MediaEval Benchmark: Social Event Detection in Collaborative Photo Collections (2011)

ABSTRACT In this paper, we present an approach to detect social events in collaboratively annotated photo collections as part of the MediaEval Benchmark. We combine various information from tagged photos with external data sources to train a classification model. Experiments based on the MediaEval Social Event Detection Dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. Categories and Subject Descriptors H.3.1 [ Information Storage and Retrieval ]: Content Analysis and Indexing; H.3.3 [ Information Systems ]: Information Storage and Retrieval General Terms Design, Experimentation, Performance Keywords Benchmark, Photo Collections, Classification, Event Detection 1. INTRODUCTION The Internet enables people to host, access and share their photos online, e.g. through websites like Flickr. Collaborative annotations and tags are commonplace on such services. The information people assign vary greatly, but often seem to include some kind of references to
Faculty Opinions recommendation of β-catenin confers resistance to PI3K and AKT inhibitors and subverts FOXO3a to promote metastasis in colon cancer. (2012)

The Wnt–β-catenin and PI3K-AKT-FOXO3a pathways have a central role in cancer. AKT phosporylates FOXO3a, relocating it from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm, an effect that is reversed by PI3K and AKT inhibitors. Simultaneous hyperactivation of the Wnt–β-catenin pathway and inhibition of PI3K-AKT signaling promote nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and FOXO3a, respectively, promoting cell scattering and metastasis by regulating a defined set of target genes. Indeed, the anti-tumoral AKT inhibitor API-2 promotes nuclear FOXO3a accumulation and metastasis of cells with high nuclear β-catenin content. Nuclear β-catenin confers resistance to the FOXO3a-mediated apoptosis induced by PI3K and AKT inhibitors in patient-derived primary cultures and in corresponding xenograft tumors in mice. This resistance is reversed by XAV-939, an inhibitor of Wnt–β-catenin signaling. In the presence of high nuclear β-catenin content, activation of FOXO3a by PI3K or AKT inhibitors makes it behave as a metastasis inductor rather than a proapoptotic tumor suppressor. We show that it is possible to evaluate the β-catenin status of patients' carcinomas and the response of patient-derived cells to target-directed drugs that accumulate FOXO3a in the nucleus before deciding on a course of treatment. We propose that this evaluation could be essential to the provision of a safer and more effective personalized treatment. PMID: 22610277
In Situ Hybridization of Labeled RNA Probes to Fixed <i>Parhyale hawaiensis</i> Embryos (2009)

The great diversity of arthropod body plans, together with our detailed understanding of fruit fly development, makes arthropods a premier taxon for examining the evolutionary diversification of developmental patterns and hence the diversity of extant life. Crustaceans, in particular, show a remarkable range of morphologies and provide a useful outgroup to the insects. The amphipod crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis is becoming established as a model organism for developmental studies within the arthropods. This protocol describes in situ hybridization of fluorescein- or digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled RNA probes to fixed P. hawaiensis embryos. Standard techniques of molecular biology should be used to produce an appropriate template for generation of antisense RNA probes. RNA-labeling mixes designed to produce fluorescein- or DIG-labeled RNA probes using T3, T7, or SP6 RNA polymerases are commercially available. Probes should be purified using QIAGEN RNeasy columns or similar means. Considerations for double-labeling experiments using both fluorescein- and DIG-labeled RNA probes are included.
Weight Loss Is Associated With Increased NAD+/SIRT1 Expression But Reduced PARP Activity in White Adipose Tissue (2016)

Calorie restriction is an attractive strategy to improve the NAD(+)/SIRT pathway and decrease PARPs in SAT in human obesity.