gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous independence and the Ilieff-Sendov conjecture (1992)

A maximal polynomial is a complex polynomial that has all of its roots in the unit disk, one fixed root, and all of its critical points as far as possible from a fixed point. In this paper we determine a lower bound for the number of roots and critical points of a maximal polynomial that must lie on specified circles.
European Field Trials and Early Applications in Telephony (1983)

This paper is a review of European field trial experience with fiber optic trunking systems from 1975 to the present. Details of the systems installed and of the experiences in each of the participating European countries are given.
PROMOTED DIMERIZATION OF α-METHYLSTYRENE BY 3,5-DIMETHOXY-SUBSTITUENTS (1980)

Abstract 3,5-Dimethoxy-α-methylstyrene, which originates from acidic cleavage of the 3,5-dimethoxy-α,α-dimethyl-benzyl-oxycarbonyl residue, an amino protecting group in peptide synthesis, easily dimerizes in solution to 1,3,3-trimethyl-1-(3,5-dimethoxy)-phenyl-5,7-dimethoxyindan in the presence of trifluoroacetic aciEd.
<i>In situ</i> vaccine for low-grade lymphoma: Combination of intratumoral Flt3L and poly-ICLC with low-Dose radiotherapy. (2015)

TPS3105 Background: Lymphomas are the 5th most incident cancer in the U.S. and indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (iNHL) are incurable with standard therapy. We previously completed three trials of ‘in situ vaccination’ - combining low-dose radiotherapy (XRT) with intratumoral administration of a TLR9 agonist (CpG). We demonstrated induction of tumor-specific CD8 T cell responses and clinical remissions of patients’ untreated sites of disease, lasting up to > 4 years. One limitation may have been the scarcity of intratumoral dendritic cells (DC). DC are uniquely able to endocytose dying (e.g. irradiated) tumor cells for cross-presentation to anti-tumor CD8 T cells. Methods: Flt3L– the predominant DC differentiation factor– induces tumor leukocyte infiltration and regression of lymphoma tumors pre-clinically and a new formulation of this cytokine -CDX-301- was shown to mobilize BDCA-1 and BDCA-3 DC subsets in an early phase trial. These DC subsets respond to several TLR agonists and cross-present antigens more effectively than plasmacytoid DC (the CpG-responsive DC subset). We initiated a phase I/II study of a new iteration of the in situ vaccine, adding Flt3L-priming and replacing the prior TLR9 agonist with the TLR3 agonist poly-ICLC (Fig 1A). The vaccine consists of: -intratumoral Flt3L administration to increase DC within the tumor -low-dose XRT to induce immunogenic tumor cell death and release tumor-associated antigens, and -intratumoral poly-ICLC administration to activate tumor antigen-loaded DC. The current study will assess two cohorts of patients (n = 15, each) with either previously untreated or relapsed/refractory iNHL to test the hypothesis that in situ vaccination will induce clinical remissions at distant (untreated) tumor sites. Eligibility: iNHL, either previously untreated or relapsed/refractory. Treatment: Intratumoral CDX-301 25ug/kg x 9 days. Local radiotherapy 2Gy x 2. Intratumoral poly-ICLC 2mg weekly x 8 weeks. Patients will have tumor (FNA) and blood collected for immune monitoring at weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 as well as pre treatment biopsy. Restaging CT scans will be done pretreatment and at week 12. Clinical trial information: NCT01976585. Clinical trial information: NCT01976585.
Alpha-Chymotrypsin in Cataract Surgery (1964)

“Enzymatic zonulolysis,” produced by injecting alpha-chymotrypsin into the posterior chamber of the eye, facilitates intracapsular extraction of the crystalline lens and is an important step forward in cataract surgery. The surrounding ocular structures are not affected unfavorably when the procedure is applied correctly. However, intracapsular extraction with enzymatic zonulolysis should not be attempted in children less than 10 years of age; serious complications may ensue which are not related to the enzyme but are due to special conditions existing in the eyes of these young patients.
Ring Closures to Heterocycles via Nitrenes (2009)

This paper provides a review on ring closure reactions proceeding via intermediate nitrene formation published during the past 15 years. These cyclisations are classified according to the reaction types taking place. These are nitrene aromatic C-H insertions to form indoles, pyridine rings, nitrene – alicyclic CH insertions to fused oxazolidones, various other insertions on CH bonds in diverse saturated ring and aliphatic chains, nitrene insertion on a methoxy group, addition of the nitrene to a double bond, reactions with intermediate ring formation and subsequent transformation, N-N bond formation by addition of an electrophilic nitrene, and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of acyl nitrenes and C=C double bonds. Keywords: Ring Closures, Heterocycles, Nitrenes, indoles, pyridine rings, N-N bond formation
PROCAIN: protein profile comparison with assisting information (2009)

Detection of remote sequence homology is essential for the accurate inference of protein structure, function and evolution. The most sensitive detection methods involve the comparison of evolutionary patterns reflected in multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) of protein families. We present PROCAIN, a new method for MSA comparison based on the combination of 'vertical' MSA context (substitution constraints at individual sequence positions) and 'horizontal' context (patterns of residue content at multiple positions). Based on a simple and tractable profile methodology and primitive measures for the similarity of horizontal MSA patterns, the method achieves the quality of homology detection comparable to a more complex advanced method employing hidden Markov models (HMMs) and secondary structure (SS) prediction. Adding SS information further improves PROCAIN performance beyond the capabilities of current state-of-the-art tools. The potential value of the method for structure/function predictions is illustrated by the detection of subtle homology between evolutionary distant yet structurally similar protein domains. ProCAIn, relevant databases and tools can be downloaded from: http://prodata.swmed.edu/procain/download. The web server can be accessed at http://prodata.swmed.edu/procain/procain.php.
Second-Harmonic Generation by Damped Alfvén Waves and Helicons in Pure and Doped Bismuth (1969)

The results of a study of second-harmonic generation by damped Alfv\'en waves and helicons propagating parallel to the static magnetic field along the three principal axes of pure and tellurium-doped bismuth are reported. The observed anisotropy and polarization dependences are shown to be consistent with the occurrence of a magnetic dipole nonlinearity caused by the influence of the magnetic field of the wave on the conductivity of the medium. A theory of harmonic generation by plane waves propagating in a semi-infinite anisotropic conducting medium and in a slab is developed and applied to this case. It is shown that the concept of magnetic point groups can be applied to the determination of the form of the thirdrank tensors governing the effect, which leads to the conclusion that the forms of these tensors are, in fact, known for all crystal classes. A method of calculating these tensors after their reduction by symmetry from standard transport theory for bismuth is developed and results for some of the coefficients relevant to the experiments are given.
Battlefield Management and Fire Control System for M1A1. (1986)

Abstract : A study of fire control and battlefield management requirements and relationships for the M1 Abrams Main Battle Tank is presented. Three possible approaches for integrating advanced fire control and battlefield management capabilities into the MI as described. Each is evaluated for near term MI design and schedule impacts and compatibility with projected growth requirements. The application of VHSIC processing is examined, and an approach for insertion of that technology is discussed. Keywords: computer applications; interfaces; standards; vetronics; Combat Vehicle Architectures.
Mapping the minimal murine T cell and B cell epitopes within a peptide vaccine candidate from the conserved region of the M protein of group A streptococcus (1997)

The highly conserved C-terminus of the M protein of group A streptococcus (GAS) is a promising vaccine candidate. An epitope within the conserved C-terminus of the M protein, peptide 145 (a 20-mer with the sequence: LRRDLDASREAKKQVEKALE), has been defined which is the target of opsonic antibodies in both humans and mice, and is recognized by the sera of most adults living in areas of high streptococcal exposure. However, due to potential cross-reactivity between T cells stimulated by this region of the M protein and host cardiac myosin, it is critical to define precisely the minimal protective epitopes within p145. Studies have shown that the immunodominant epitope expressed by p145 is conformational, occurring as an alpha-helical coiled-coil. To enable us to map the murine minimal B cell and T cell epitopes within p145, we have used a novel strategy that allowed us to present shorter sequences of p145 in a native-like conformation. The minimal B cell epitope was found to be contained within residues 7-20 of the p145 sequence, and we have shown that mice immunized with this region are able to generate antibodies that bind to and also opsonize the organism GAS. The T cell epitope is located at the N-terminal region of the p145 sequence, residues 3-14. We have managed, therefore, to define a vaccine candidate--a minimal opsonic B cell epitope within the p145 sequence--that does not incorporate a potentially deleterious T cell epitope.
Abstract 2007: Hypoxia induced TGF-β regulates Semaphorin7A to promote a pro-tumorigenic mesenchymal phenotype in mammary cells (2014)

Abstract The study of breast cancer relies heavily upon the identification of tumor-associated proteins that are involved with tumor growth and development. Our lab has discovered that mammary tumor cells express high levels of a novel protein known as Semaphorin7A (SEMA7A). After analyzing breast tissue samples collected at Boca Raton Regional Hospital, we have found that normal human mammary epithelial cells express negligible mRNA levels of SEMA7A, while the malignant mammary tumor cells express elevated levels of SEMA7A. Additionally, our laboratory has established a murine model of mammary cell lines that parallels our human findings. Currently, we have correlated high levels of SEMA7A with increasing tumor malignancy and metastasis. However, it is still unknown what factors could induce the production of SEMA7A in mammary tumors. Recent studies have proven that the expression and induction of SEMA7A in normal endothelial cells is regulated under a hypoxic-response element in the promoter of its gene. Although hypoxia is an established tumorigenic factor, it is unknown if the increased hypoxic conditions in breast tumors could induce SEMA7A. In this study we have investigated if exposing mammary cells to hypoxia induces the expression of pro-tumorgenic SEMA7A. Our results show that SEMA7A is up-regulated in 4T07 and 4T1 mammary tumor cells after hypoxic exposure via TGF-β activation of the PI3/AKT pathway. Furthermore, we have found that shRNA silencing of the SEMA7A in 4T1 mammary cells attenuates the activation of pro-angiogenic and mesenchymal genes even after hypoxic stimuli. In vivo, these cells show a reduced proliferation and metastatic potential. We therefore postulate an exciting new role for SEMA7A as a TGF-β effector that promotes tumorigenesis during breast cancer progression. Citation Format: Ramon A. Garcia-Areas, Stephania Libreros, Samantha Amat, Camila Castro-Silva, Kathy Schilling, Vijaya Iragavarapu-Charyulu. Hypoxia induced TGF-β regulates Semaphorin7A to promote a pro-tumorigenic mesenchymal phenotype in mammary cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2007. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2007
Polylactones derived from polymethacrolein and styrene–methacrolein copolymerizations (1968)

Abstract Emulsion polymerization of methacrolein produces a polyacetal which can be converted through the action of sodium hydroxide to an alternating copolymer of methallyl alcohol and sodium methacrylate. Support for the alternating structure was gained primarily through a study of the polylactone formed through subsequent acidification of the sodium salt. Thus, the poly(methallyl alcohol–sodium methacrylate) copolymer was acidified under selected conditions to give a soluble polylactone containing 14.2 mole‐% of residual acid and hydroxyl groups. This number agrees quite closely with the value of 13.5 mole‐% which one would predict from the random cyclization of a true alternating copolymer. Cyclization of a random copolymer of poly(methallyl alcohol–sodium methacrylate) in a random fashion would have resulted in a value of about 36.8 mole‐%. The results also support both the 1,2 vinyl polymerization of methacrolein and a nonrandom attack of the polymethacrolein by base. In a completely separate set of experiments, the value of r 1 and r 2 for the copolymerization of styrene (M 1 ) and methacrolein (M 2 ) were determined to be 0.22 ± 0.02 and 0.88 ± 0.02, respectively.
<i>In Vitro</i> Assessment of the Effects of Anti-HER2 Monoclonal Antibodies on Proliferation of HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer Cells (2013)

Our findings indicate that combination of some stimulatory mAbs could completely abolish the inhibitory effect of other mAbs against HER2. Employment of some combinations of mAbs with significant synergistic inhibitory function may improve the therapeutic efficacy of HER2-specific mAbs.
Identification of 4-Substituted 1,2,3-Triazoles as Novel Oxazolidinone Antibacterial Agents with Reduced Activity against Monoamine Oxidase A (2005)

Oxazolidinones represent a new and promising class of antibacterial agents. Current research in this area is mainly concentrated on improving the safety profile and the antibacterial spectrum. Many oxazolidinones, including linezolid (marketed as Zyvox), are inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), which presents an undesired side effect. Recently, it was found that the 1,2,3-triazole is a good replacement for the conventional acetamide functionality found in oxazolidinones. We now disclose the finding that 1,2,3-triazoles bearing a substituent like methyl, small substituted methyl, bromo, or a linear (sp-hybridized) group at the 4 position (compounds such as 5, 16, 19, and 21) are good antibacterials with reduced or no activity, within the detection limit of the assay, against MAO-A. The results are especially promising for the development of oxazolidinones with an improved safety profile. The MAO-A SAR can be rationalized on the basis of docking studies to a MAO-A/MAO-B homology model.
Comparative Psychophysiological Studies of Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Subjects Undergoing Experimentally Induced Ethanol Intoxication (1966)

Four chronic alcoholic and 4 nonalcoholic subjects were studied before, while, and after they underwent experimentally induced intoxication. Chronic alcoholics expected that when they became intoxicated their feelings, behavior, social importance, and interpersonal relationships with those around them would undergo major changes in directions they considered "better" and "more pleasing." Similar kinds of expectations were not present in the nonalcoholics. Findings show that chronic alcoholics actually did believe that their expectations were partially to completely realized, although observations often suggested the opposite. It is argued that alcoholics have an ego state more integrated while intoxicated than while unintoxicated. The relationship between chronic intoxication and "role" is discussed. Hypotheses derived from psychodynamic psychology and sociology are used to explain these findings.
ChemInform Abstract: Hyperconjugation as a Factor in Face Selectivity During Cycloaddition. (1989)

Abstract A general rule is stated that the approach during addition to trigonal carbon is always anti to the electron richest σ bond, sometimes even when steric effects oppose such selectivity.
High Strength Over Density Ratio Invisible Cables (2006)

Spiders suggest us that producing high strength over density ratio invisible cables could be of great importance. In this letter we show that such invisible cables could in principle be built, thanks to carbon nanotube bundles. Theoretical strength of about 10MPa, Young modulus of about 0.1GPa and density of 0.1Kg per cubic meter are estimated.
Synovial T lymphocyte–specific immune response to <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> in Reiter's disease (1991)

We studied the lymphocyte proliferative response to Chlamydia trachomatis in Reiter's syndrome (RS) compared with that in other rheumatic diseases. RS patients showed significantly increased C trachomatis-specific synovial fluid (SF) T cell proliferation. Proliferating cells were found in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. The SF lymphocyte proliferative response to C trachomatis in RS was inhibited by anti-class I and class II major histocompatibility complex monoclonal antibodies, while the response to tuberculin purified protein derivative was inhibited only by anti-class II monoclonal antibodies. T cell receptor gamma/delta-bearing T cells were not consistently increased in RS SF compared with peripheral blood, nor did such cells consistently expand upon in vitro culture with C trachomatis. Finally, there was no correlation between the cellular immune response and levels of antibody to C trachomatis antigens. Our results indicate that a specific T cell response to C trachomatis within the joint plays a role in the pathogenesis of RS.
Outdoor Endurance Training with Air Pollutant Exposure Versus Sedentary Lifestyle: A Comparison of Airway Immune Responses (2019)

Although regular exercise-training improves immune/inflammatory status, the influence of air pollutants exposure during outdoor endurance training compared to a sedentary lifestyle has not yet been clarified. This study aimed to compare the immune/inflammatory responses in the airways of street runners and sedentary people after acute and chronic particulate matter (PM) exposure. Forty volunteers (street runners (RUN, n = 20); sedentary people (SED, n = 20)) were evaluated 1 (acute) and 10 (chronic) weeks after PM exposure. Cytokines [interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-17A] in nasal lavage fluid, salivary antibacterial peptides (lactoferrin (LTF), cathelicidin (LL-37), defensin-α 1-3), and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), plasma club cell protein (CC16), and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were analyzed. After acute exposure, the RUN group showed lower levels of IL-13, IL-10, and FeNO, but higher defensin-α than the SED group. After chronic exposure, the RUN group showed elevation of IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-17A, and a decrease of FeNO levels, whereas the SED group showed elevation of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and a decrease of IL-13 levels. Comparing these groups, the RUN group showed higher levels of SIgA and LTF, and lower FeNO levels than the SED group. In relation to the Th immune response analysis after acute and chronic PM exposure, the RUN group showed a pattern associated with Th1, while in the SED group, a Th2 pattern was found. Both groups showed also a Th17 immune response pattern. Our results allow us to suggest that the immune/inflammatory status of the respiratory tract after acute and chronic PM exposure was improved by the long-standing regular practice of outdoor endurance exercise compared to a sedentary lifestyle.
Studies on the constituents of asclepiadaceae plants. LXI. The structure of cynatratoside-F from the chinese drug "Pai-Wei", dried root of Cynanchum atratum Bunge. (1985)

The chemical components of the Chinese crude drug "Pai-Wei, " dried root of Cynanchum atratum BUNGE, have been further investigated. Glaucogenin-A (1), glaucoside-C (2), glaucoside-H (3) and a new glycoside named cynatratoside-F (4) were isolated. The structure of 4 was determined on the bases of spectroscopic evidence and analyses of its hydrolysate.
Control of Tendon Driven One-Link Mainpulator (1992)

Tendon driven method to drive one joint using two actuators is developed and implemented. While the method has advantages over conventional transmissions, it also has several drawbacks like tendon slack, elongation and endurability. In this paper, a compensation method of the intrinsic non-linearities of tendon is proposed to improve the performance of antagonistic tendon driven method. In this method, tendon tension measurement is prerequisite which is measured with strain gauge type tension sensor. The developed method is implemented on one link test bed with colocated and non-colocated position sensor.
Flexor Hallucis Longus Transfer for Chronic Achilles Tendonosis (2003)

A technique similar to the one described by Hansen for reconstruction of chronic Achilles tendinosis using the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon was used in 26 patients (29 tendons). Follow-up on all 26 patients (mean age 51.3 years) is provided with an average follow-up 35 months (range, 12 to 58 months). All patients were evaluated postoperatively to assess pain, function, and alignment of the ankle and hindfoot. The AOFAS Foot Ratios for the ankle and hindfoot (total of 100 points) was used. Time to maximum improvement was 8.2 months (range, three to 20 months). Ankle-Hindfoot Scale ratings improved from 41.7 (range, 23 to 63) preoperatively to 90.1 (range, 49 to 100) postoperatively. All but three patients evaluated their result as good or excellent in regards to improved function and pain. No patient had a significant functional deficit or deformity of the hallux after transfer of the FHL tendon.