gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elaboration of 2-(Trifluoromethyl)indoles via a Cascade Coupling/Condensation/Deacylation Process (2008)

CuI/l-proline-catalyzed coupling of 2-halotrifluoroacetanilides with beta-keto esters in anhydrous DMSO under the action of Cs2CO3 at 40-80 degrees C produces polysubstituted 2-(trifluoromethyl)indoles in good to excellent yields. This reaction is suggested to occur via a novel coupling/condensation/deacylation mechanism, and many functional groups are tolerated under these conditions.
Local scale controlled anisotropic diffusion with local noise estimate for image smoothing and edge detection (2002)

A novel local scale controlled piecewise linear diffusion for selective smoothing and edge detection is presented. The diffusion stops at the place and time determined by the minimum reliable local scale and a spatial variant, anisotropic local noise estimate. It shows anisotropic, nonlinear diffusion equation using diffusion coefficients/tensors that continuously depend on the gradient is not necessary to achieve sharp, distorted, stable edge detection across many scales. The new diffusion is anisotropic and asymmetric only at places it needs to be, i.e., at significant edges. It not only does not diffuse across significant edges, but also enhances edges. It advances geometry-driven diffusion because it is a piecewise linear model rather than a full nonlinear model, thus it is simple to implement and analyze, and avoids the difficulties and problems associated with nonlinear diffusion. It advances local scale control by introducing spatial variant, anisotropic local noise estimation, and local stopping of diffusion. The original local scale control was based on the unrealistic assumption of uniformly distributed noise independent of the image signal. The local noise estimate significantly improves local scale control.
Effect on smoking quit rate of telling patients their lung age: the Step2quit randomised controlled trial (2008)

National Research Register N0096173751.
ChemInform Abstract: V‐TRIAZOLO(4,5‐D)PYRIMIDINES (8‐AZAPURINES). PART 24. THE 3‐ALKYL DERIVATIVES (1981)

Abstract Die Methylamino‐triazolylcarboxamide (I) cyclisieren mit Triethylorthoformiat zu den Azapurinonen (II), die katalytisch zu den Dihydro‐Derivaten (III) hydriert werden.
Experimental Intracardiac Visualization (1967)

INTRACARDIAC visualization differs from conventional endoscopic examinations because of unique conditions present within the heart and the great vessels. First of all, the blood filling these spaces is opaque to all visible wavelengths of light. Secondly, blood cannot safely be excluded from any chamber of the heart for more than a brief interval without the use of complex bypass mechanisms. Finally, most structures are in a state of motion too rapid to be followed by the naked eye.Doubtless, the direct inspection of intracardiac defects would be of value, both to the diagnostician and to the surgeon. With such a . . .
Role of progestins in contraception (2005)

Progestins have been used for contraception for more than 30 years. The main goal was to develop a contraceptive method devoid of the metabolic or clinical side-effects associated with the use of estrogens. The development of new contraceptive methods and formulations is time-consuming and requires devotion, belief, and also strong economical basis. As a result of this endeavor new methods have been developed: oral progestins, implants, injectables, intrauterine hormonal systems, and vaginal rings. Progestin-only contraceptives may be preferable in some situations, which have absolute or relative contraindications to estrogen, side-effects to estrogen containing hormonal contraception, lactation, and comfort and feasibility of formulations for long-term use. At present, emergency contraception is also performed with progestin.
The Cellular Code for Mammalian Thermosensation (2013)

Mammalian somatosenory neurons respond to thermal stimuli and allow animals to reliably discriminate hot from cold and to select their preferred environments. Previously, we generated mice that are completely insensitive to temperatures from noxious cold to painful heat (-5 to 55°C) by ablating several different classes of nociceptor early in development. In the present study, we have adopted a selective ablation strategy in adult mice to study this phenotype and have demonstrated that separate populations of molecularly defined neurons respond to hot and cold. TRPV1-expressing neurons are responsible for all behavioral responses to temperatures between 40 and 50°C, whereas TRPM8 neurons are required for cold aversion. We also show that more extreme cold and heat activate additional populations of nociceptors, including cells expressing Mrgprd. Therefore, although eliminating Mrgprd neurons alone does not affect behavioral responses to temperature, when combined with ablation of TRPV1 or TRPM8 cells, it significantly decreases responses to extreme heat and cold, respectively. Ablation of TRPM8 neurons distorts responses to preferred temperatures, suggesting that the pleasant thermal sensation of warmth may in fact just reflect reduced aversive input from TRPM8 and TRPV1 neurons. As predicted by this hypothesis, mice lacking both classes of thermosensor exhibited neither aversive nor attractive responses to temperatures between 10 and 50°C. Our results provide a simple cellular basis for mammalian thermosensation whereby two molecularly defined classes of sensory neurons detect and encode both attractive and aversive cues.
Benign Upper Extremity Tumors: Factors Associated with Operative Treatment (2013)

Prognostic II.
Effect of Steroid Hormones on Sulfated Oviductal Glycoprotein Secretion by Oviductal Explants in Vitro1 (1989)

Explants of rabbit ampullary and isthmic tissue were cultured 4 days with and without exogenous steroids, and the sulfated oviductal glycoprotein (SOG) concentration in the explant culture supernatants was determined. Tissues cultured with progesterone plus estrogen secreted significantly more SOG than control tissues, whereas tissues cultured with estrogen alone did not. Ampullary tissues cultured with progesterone plus estrogen secreted significantly more SOG than control tissues on Days 2 and 3, whereas SOG secretion by isthmic tissues was significantly above control secretion on Day 4. Ampullary and isthmic tissues differed significantly in their secretory capacity. Maximum ampullary SOG secretion was approximately 650 ng SOG/mg tissue/day. Maximum isthmic SOG secretion was approximately 30 ng SOG/mg tissue/day. These findings suggest that the oviduct is composed of discrete functional regions that provide support to gametes and developing embryos through the unique secretory characteristics of each region.
Distributed fault diagnosis expert system with multi-agent (2003)

A distributed fault diagnosis expert system with multi_agent (DMDFES) , which was organized by several autonomous subsystems, is discussed in this paper. The spread of new knowledge among subsystems, the fault location of distributed system and boundary fault location can be resolved by interaction among subsystems. The authors propose an algorithm with performance, opportunity and applicability to decide the final result from multiple proposals..
Evaluation of Accuracy of Multitest Micromethod System for Identification of <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> (1971)

The Analytab system of 20 biochemical tests for identification of Enterobacteriaceae was evaluated in parallel with conventional tests on 128 Enterobacteriaceae, 5 Aeromonas, and 1 Yersinia enterocolitica. The results of tests for H(2)S and indole production, citrate utilization, lysine and ornithine decarboxylase, arginine dihydrolase, nitrate reduction, beta-galactosidase, and fermentation of arabinose, rhamnose, mannitol, and glucose showed almost complete agreement between the two systems. Eighty-eight per cent of Enterobacteriaceae were correctly speciated with the Analytab system; on repeat testing with heavier inocula of organisms failing to ferment glucose initially, the proportion of Enterobacteriaceae correctly speciated became 93%.
Strategies and challenges for safe injection practice in developing countries (2013)

Injection is one of the important health care procedures used globally to administer drugs. Its unsafe use can transmit various blood borne pathogens. This article aims to review the history and status of injection practices, its importance, interventions and the challenges for safe injection practice in developing countries. The history of injections started with the discovery of syringe in the early nineteenth century. Safe injection practice in developed countries was initiated in the early twentieth century but has not received adequate attention in developing countries. The establishment of "Safe Injection Global Network (SIGN)" was an milestone towards safe injection practice globally. In developing countries, people perceive injection as a powerful healing tool and do not hesitate to pay more for injections. Unsafe disposal and reuse of contaminated syringe is common. Ensuring safe injection practice is one of the greatest challenges for healthcare system in developing countries. To address the problem, interventions with active involvement of a number of stakeholders is essential. A combination of educational, managerial and regulatory strategies is found to be effective and economically viable. Rational and safe use of injections can save many lives but unsafe practice threatens life. Safe injection practice is crucial in developing countries. Evidence based interventions, with honest commitment and participation from the service provider, recipient and community with aid of policy makers are required to ensure safe injection practice.
Quantitative physiological characterization of a quinoxalinedione non-NMDA receptor antagonist. (1989)

The effects of 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX, or FG 9065) on excitatory amino acid responses in cultured neurons from rat hippocampus were studied using tight-seal whole-cell recording techniques. CNQX reduced the magnitude of peak inward currents produced by exogenously applied kainate, quisqualate, and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) with Ki's of 2.5, 3.5, and 96 microM, respectively. The antagonism was competitive against kainate and quisqualate, but noncompetitive against NMDA. Glycine markedly reduced CNQX antagonism of NMDA responses. The same recording technique using pairs of monosynaptically connected neurons demonstrated reversible diminution of excitatory postsynaptic potentials in 7 of 7 pairs, using CNQX at concentrations as low as 10 microM. CNQX applied alone did not evoke inward or outward currents at membrane potentials near the resting membrane potential and did not affect the current-voltage relationship at membrane potentials between -90 and -30 mV. These observations represent the first quantitative characterization of glutamate receptor antagonism by CNQX with respect to physiological rather than biochemical parameters and demonstrate that CNQX is far more potent and more selective than currently available non-NMDA antagonists. The results suggest that CNQX will be a useful pharmacologic tool for the study of synaptic transmission in a variety of systems in which glutamate or related excitatory amino acids are involved.
Effects of Melatonin and an Aqueous Pineal Extract on Adrenal Secretion of Reduced Steroid Metabolites in Female Rats (1977)

The effects of melatonin and an aqueous extract of bovine pineal glands on adrenal function were studied in pinealectomized, ovariectomized and hypophysectomized rats. Melatonin (50 microgram i.p., twice daily for 1 week) stimulates adrenal 5 alpha-reductase activity in intact animals and after ovariectomy. A corresponding enhancement in the secretion of the principal 5 alpha-reduced metabolites of corticosterone (B), dihydrocorticosterone (DHB) and tetrahydrocorticosterone (THB), occurs in vivo. As a result, proportional output of B declines. In contrast, an aqueous pineal extract (360 mg bovine pineal tissue/day for 1 week) fails to alter reductase activity or to produce the secretory changes associated with increased reductive metabolism of B. Melatonin also stimulates adrenal reductase activity in hypophysectomized rats. The results suggest that melatonin is a potential contributor to the physiologic regulation of adrenal steroidogenesis.
0019. The type of Copaeodes chromis Skinner, 1919 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae) (2007)

The holotype of Copaeodes chromis Skinner, 1919 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae), housed at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, is a typical specimen of Zariaspes mythecus Godman, 1900.
The NCBI Taxonomy database (2011)

The NCBI Taxonomy database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy) is the standard nomenclature and classification repository for the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC), comprising the GenBank, ENA (EMBL) and DDBJ databases. It includes organism names and taxonomic lineages for each of the sequences represented in the INSDC's nucleotide and protein sequence databases. The taxonomy database is manually curated by a small group of scientists at the NCBI who use the current taxonomic literature to maintain a phylogenetic taxonomy for the source organisms represented in the sequence databases. The taxonomy database is a central organizing hub for many of the resources at the NCBI, and provides a means for clustering elements within other domains of NCBI web site, for internal linking between domains of the Entrez system and for linking out to taxon-specific external resources on the web. Our primary purpose is to index the domain of sequences as conveniently as possible for our user community.
Inhibition of epidermal growth factor/transforming growth factor‐α–stimulated cell growth by a synthetic peptide (1989)

Estrogen-stimulated growth of the human mammary adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 is significantly inhibited by monoclonal antibodies to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor that act as antagonists of EGF's mitogenic events by competing for high-affinity EGF receptor binding sites. These antibodies likewise inhibit the EGF or transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha)-stimulated growth of these MCF-7 cells. An analogous pattern of specific EGF or TGF-alpha growth inhibitory activity was obtained using a synthetic peptide analog encompassing the third disulfide loop region of TGF-alpha, but containing additional modifications designed for increased membrane affinity [( Ac-D-hArg(Et)2(31),Gly32,33]HuTGF-alpha(31-43)NH2). The growth factor antagonism by this synthetic peptide was specific in that it inhibited EGF, TGF-alpha, or estrogen-stimulated growth of MCF-7 cells but did not inhibit insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)-stimulated cell growth. Altogether, these results suggest that a significant portion of the estrogen-stimulated growth of these MCF-7 cells is mediated in an autocrine/paracrine manner by release of EGF or TGF-alpha-like growth factors. The TGF-alpha peptide likewise inhibited EGF- but not fibroblast growth factor (FGF)- or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated growth of NIH-3T3 cells in completely defined media; but had no effect on growth or DNA synthesis of G0-arrested cells, nor did it effect growth of NR-6 cells, which are nonresponsive to EGF. Although this synthetic peptide did not directly compete with EGF for cell surface receptor binding, it exhibited binding to a cell surface component (followed by internalization), which likewise was not competed by EGF. The peptide did not directly inhibit EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of the EGF receptor, nor did it inhibit phosphorylation of an exogenous substrate, angiotensin II, by activated EGF receptor. The TGF-alpha peptide did, however, affect the structure of laminin as manifested by laminin self-aggregation; this affect on laminin may, in turn, have a modulatory effect on EGF-mediated cell growth.
Blockchains Unchained (2018)

Blockchain technology has evolved from a niche subject to the hottest tech disruption buzzword, but there is still a lot of confusion about the subject. Without a clear understanding about what Blockchains are, their potential public sector potential impact is sometimes misunderstood or, more often, ignored. Questions related to their technical complexity, risk, security, and appropriateness often serve as obstacles to government officials' ability to truly engage with this emerging technology. In light of this, the Observatory of Public Sector Innovation (OPSI) in collaboration with the Working Party of Senior Digital Government Officials (E-Leaders) has developed a guide on Blockchains and how they may (and may not) apply to government. OPSI is part of the OECD Directorate for Public Governance (GOV).
Context-Aware Systems (2011)

This article examines market aspects, user requirements, and usage scenarios to come up with a roadmap and suggestions on how to deal with this matter.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Porcine Pancreatic Lipase (1979)

The single polypeptide chain of about 460 amino acids of porcine pancreatic lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) has been fragmented into five peptides by cyanogen bromide cleavage [Rovery, M., Bianchetta, J. & Guidoni, A. (1973) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 328 , 391–395]. The sequence of the first three cyanogen bromide peptides (CNI, CNII, CNIII), including a total of 234 amino acids, was fully elucidated. Automatic or manual Edman degradation was performed on the different peptides. Fragmentations of the CN peptides were accomplished by digestions with trypsin (after citraconylation or 1,2‐cyclohexanedione treatment), chymotrypsin and Staphylococcus aureus external protease. Hydrolysis of unreduced material by pepsin and thermolysin, performed in order to determine the S‐S bridge positions, provided useful overlapping peptides. The glycan moiety of lipase is bound to Asn‐166. The non‐essential tyrosine specifically blocked by diisopropylphosphorofluoridate is Tyr‐49 in a cluster of asparagine and glutamine residues. The existence of a highly hydrophobic sequence (206–217) at the C terminus of the CNII fragment is noteworthy.
Unconstrained frequency-domain adaptive filter (1982)

An unconstrained frequency-domain least mean-squares (UFLMS) algorithm is presented. The algorithm is based on the "overlap-save" technique used in frequency-domain filtering. The proposed algorithm converges to the Wiener solution without the time-domain constraint on the impulse response as proposed by Ferrara. For a large number of taps ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\geq32</tex> ), the UFLMS algorithm offers a significant reduction in computation. Another advantage is its fast convergence for highly correlated input signals. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated by a simulation.
Game-theory Model based on Carrier Sense Multiple Access Protocol in Wireless Network (2014)

In order to solve game-theory model problem based on carrier sense multiple access protocol with collision avoidance in wireless network, a game-theory-based general and compatible modeling process is proposed, where the transmission probability of a node in a slot time is regarded as mixed game and network performance parameter M is taken as revenue function of game so as to build M rounds non-cooperative mixed strategy game with N gamers. After performing M rounds game, it will acquire M Nash-equilibria which is not equal to each other, and then these Nash-equilibria are taken as the input of single objective programming model with many constraints so as to obtain compromise equilibria. Finally, a minimum contention window based on compromise equilibria is designed. The throughput and successful transmission rate are analyzed through the simulation, and the simulation experiment results show our proposed modeling process has the more throughputs and the lower drop performance than the existing methods.
Heterocycles from nitrile oxides. I. 5‐imino‐Δ<sup>2</sup> ‐1,4,2‐oxathiazolines (1983)

Abstract The reaction of some arylnitrile oxides with potassium thiocyanate in acetone at ambient temperature, has been investigated. Those having para ‐ or meta ‐halo (or nitro)substituents give 3‐aryl‐5‐imino‐Δ 2 ‐1,4,2‐oxathiazolines as stable cycloadducts. ortho ‐Substitutionn, on the other hand, led directly to the corresponding 5‐ (carbamido) imino analogues. The structures of these new heterocycles are supported by elemental analyses and spectral data.
Netted radar and the ambiguity function (2005)

In this paper, the key performance parameters of multistatic radar are investigated, via the netted version of the ambiguity function. A new tool has been developed for assessing the resolution and ambiguity properties for topologies assuming a radar network consisting of N transmitters and one common receiver, operating in a fully coherent or partially coherent mode. Combinations of monostatic and bistatic geometries are also considered. Simulation results outline the dependence of the multistatic ambiguity function on the relative positions of the nodes in the network and on the position of the target, but more importantly it shows the potential for enhancements in resolution and resolving ambiguities. Finally, the more complex case of N receivers and M transmitters is also developed, presenting two possible approaches for determining the overall ambiguity diagram of such a system.
Concanavalin‐A‐induced Suppressor Lymphocytes in Normal Individuals (1981)

Suppressor lymphocytes are now known to play an important role in the control of immune responses. It has been demonstrated that lymphocytes stimulated by the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A) have the ability to suppress the normal lymphocyte response to antigens. It has further been shown that this suppressive action is reduced when the suppressing lymphocytes are derived from patients with disorders (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus) in which it has been suggested that suppressor cell function is abnormal. In this study we have examined several aspects of the Con A-induced suppression. The induction of suppression required viable cells, and both the induction and the action of the suppressor cells were radio-resistant. The induction of suppressor cells by Con A was independent of DNA synthesis but not of protein synthesis. The action of these suppressor cells was enhanced by the addition of prednisolone to the cultures. This latter observation is of interest in view of the action of steroids in diseases in which a defect of suppressor cells is suggested to be present and lends support to the importance of suppressor cells in the aetiology of these disorders.
Distributed Emulation Of Flexible Manufacturing Systems (1987)

Designing FMS control is a difficult task which necessitates a hierarchical system, a clear structuration of the functions and a test of the programs obtained in a simulated but realistic environment. This paper presents a methodology for specifying and emulating the control and the process behaviour on a distributed structure.