gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and strucatural characterization of Li<inf>2</inf>MnSiO<inf>4</inf> synthesized via sol-gel method (2013)

In this study, Li <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> MnSiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> as a candidate cathode material for lithium-ion battery was synthesized by sol-gel method and the precursors were fired in a N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> atmosphere at 900 ° C for 6 h. The electrochemical prosperities of the material cathode were measured by Electrochemical Integrated Test Instrument. The material is able to deliver a charge capacity of 302mAh g" <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> and the first discharge capacity of 148 mAh/g at a current density of 0.1C at room temperature. However, the discharge capacity of Li <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> MnSiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> faded rapidly and stabilized at about 70mAh g-1 after twenty cycles. The structure of the obtained materials were determined by XRD and Scanning electron microscopy pictures characterized the surface morphology of the Li <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> MnSiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> material.
Pharmaco-EEG, Pharmaco-Sleep and EEG-Based Personalized Medicine (2015)

This special topic issue of 'Neuropsychobiology' contains contributions discussing the subject in-depth. 'Neuropsychobiology' is a well-respected, international peer-reviewed journal in neurobiology. Special topic issues are included in the subscription.
Relaxation and Dephasing in a Two-Electron<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">C</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts/><mml:none/><mml:mn>13</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:math>Nanotube Double Quantum Dot (2009)

We use charge sensing of Pauli blockade (including spin and isospin) in a two-electron 13C nanotube double quantum dot to measure relaxation and dephasing times. The relaxation time T1 first decreases with a parallel magnetic field and then goes through a minimum in a field of 1.4 T. We attribute both results to the spin-orbit-modified electronic spectrum of carbon nanotubes, which at high field enhances relaxation due to bending-mode phonons. The inhomogeneous dephasing time T{2} is consistent with previous data on hyperfine coupling strength in 13C nanotubes.
Experimental Evaluation of Ad Hoc Testbed in Indoor Scenarios (2006)

To date, indoor applications are becoming more and more important for ad hoc networks. However, indoor scenarios pose new challenges for ad hoc networks. In this paper, we verify the problem of best offered load in chain topology and experimentally evaluate the local repair function. Our observation indicates that unidirectional links and unstable links are two cutthroats of ad hoc networks in indoor scenarios. This paper aims to aid researchers in refining and developing on-demand ad hoc routing protocols to cope with challenges from indoor scenarios
The effect of different intervention programs on treatment adherence of HIV-infected children, a retrospective study (2012)

In HIV-infected children, long-term adherence to combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART) is difficult. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the effect of two different treatment adherence programs on treatment adherence (as indicated by cART failures) and the need for additional supportive care measures in a cohort of 31 HIV-infected children between 3 and 18 years of age. In a follow-up period of 6 years, we evaluated the treatment adherence at baseline (before introduction of any treatment adherence program in 2004) and compared this to cART failures during two treatment adherence programs (in respectively 2006 and 2009). The need for additional supportive care measures (the frequency of hospitalizations, daily observed treatment, use of child protection service, attendance of special schools, and placement in foster homes) was also evaluated at these three time points. The first treatment adherence program focused on increasing patient's obedience by imposing negative measures in case of treatment failure, whereas the second program aimed to increase treatment adherence by rewarding optimal medication intake. Prior to start of any treatment adherence intervention program, cART failures were observed in 29% of the pediatric patients. After introduction of the first treatment adherence program, cART failures decreased to 6%. During the second treatment adherence program, the cART failures remained equally low (10%), but the need for some specific additional supportive care measures (the frequency of hospitalizations and placement in foster homes) was importantly reduced. Treatment adherence programs are effective in increasing treatment adherence to cART in HIV-infected children. A novel reward treatment interventional program as an addition to social supportive care programs is a promising new positive enforcement program and can reduce the need for additional supportive care programs. Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effect of this new treatment intervention program.
Characterisations of ohmic and Schottky contacts of a single ZnO nanowire (2015)

Current voltage and Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) measurements were performed on single ZnO nanowires. Measurements are shown to be strongly correlated with the contact behavior, either ohmic or Schottky. The ZnO nanowires were obtained by metallo-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and contacted using electronic-beam lithography. Depending on the contact geometry, good quality ohmic contacts (linear I V behavior) or non-linear (diode like) Schottky contacts were obtained. Current voltage and KPFM measurements on both types of contacted ZnO nanowires were performed in order to investigate their behavior. A clear correlation could be established between the I V curve, the electrical potential profile along the device and the nanowire geometry. Some arguments supporting this behavior are given based on a depleted region extension. This work will help to better understand the electrical behavior of ohmic contacts on single ZnO nanowires, for future applications in nanoscale field effect-transistors and nano-photodetectors.
Phosphorylation of elongation factor 1 in polyribosome fraction of rabbit reticulocytes (1984)

A single protein, Mr approximately 50000, is shown to be phosphorylated during incubation of a mono- and polyribosome fraction of rabbit reticulocytes with [gamma-32P]ATP at a low ionic strength. This protein has been identified as the elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1 alpha). The phosphorylated EF-1 alpha, in contrast to the unmodified factor, is not detected in complexes with mono- and polyribosomes. It is suggested that the phosphorylation of EF-1 alpha can result in its decompartmentation from polyribosomes and thus affect the rate of protein synthesis.
Differences in the Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Na + -Dependent Amino Acid Transport in Human T (Molt-4) and Human B (RPMI 1788) Lymphoid Cells (1979)

L. Kwock, P.-S. Lin, L. Ciborowski, Differences in the Effect of Ionizing Radiation on ${\rm Na}^{+}\text{-Dependent}$ Amino Acid Transport in Human T (Molt-4) and Human B (RPMI 1788) Lymphoid Cells, Radiation Research, Vol. 80, No. 3 (Dec., 1979), pp. 512-522
Thermo-Biolithography:  A Technique for Patterning Nucleic Acids and Proteins (2003)

We describe a "biolithographic" technique in which the unique properties of biopolymeric materials and the selective catalytic activities of enzymes are exploited for patterning surfaces under simple and bio-friendly conditions. We begin by coating a reactive film of the polysaccharide chitosan onto an inorganic surface (glass or silicon wafer). Chitosan's pH-responsive solubility facilitates film deposition, while the nucleophilic properties of this polysaccharide allow simple chemistries or biochemistries to be used to covalently attach species to the film. The thermally responsive protein gelatin is then cast on top of the chitosan film, and the gelatin gel serves as a sacrificial "thermoresist". Pattern transfer is accomplished by applying a heated stamp to melt specific regions of the gelatin thermoresist and selectively expose the underlying chitosan. Finally, molecules are conjugated to the exposed chitosan sublayer and the sacrificial gelatin layer is removed (either by treating with warm water or protease). To demonstrate the concept, we patterned a reactive dye (NHS-fluorescein), a model 20-base oligonucleotide (using standard glutaraldehyde coupling chemistries), and a model green fluorescent protein (using tyrosinase-initiated conjugation). Because gelatin can be applied and removed under mild conditions, sequential thermo-biolithographic steps can be performed without destroying previously patterned biomacromolecules. These studies represent the first step toward exploiting nature's exquisite specificity for lithographic patterning.
Multimedia content processing and retrieval in the REVEAL THIS setting (2006)

Abstract — The explosion of multimedia digital content and the development of technologies that go beyond traditional broadcast and TV have rendered access to such content important for all end-users of these technologies. REVEAL THIS develops content processing technology able to semantically index, categorise and cross-link multiplatform, multimedia and multilingual digital content, providing the system user with search, retrieval, summarisation and translation functionalities. Index Terms—audio-image-text analysis, cross-media linking and indexing, cross-media categorisation, cross-media summarisation, cross-lingual translation T I.
Surgery for Evolving Myocardial Infarction (1982)

One hundred fifty-six patients underwent emergency coronary revascularization during the early phases of evolving myocardial infarction (MI). There were six hospital deaths (3.8%) and two later deaths (1.3%). Thrombectomy of the MI artery was achieved in 79% of the patients, and 17% of the patients showed no observable lesion in the MI vessel on restudy. Graft patency was 99%. Late follow-up to 62 months disclosed 17 patients with residual limitations. Analysis of the data established criteria for recognizing patients with early MI who would benefit from surgical therapy. The criteria are derived by comparing preoperative and postoperative ventricular anatomy, creatine phosphokinase levels, and hemodynamics.
NEW USES FOR OLD BRIDGES (1997)

As historic bridges age, they are often rendered useless by modern load requirements and codes. Many had been abandoned or demolished. In 1991, however, the ISTEA created new provisions for restoration, and since then, old bridges have been turning into parks and pedestrian walks.
Kunne fatale snøskredulykker i Norge fra 2005/2006 til 2010/2011 vært forhindret ved hjelp av enkle regelbaserte metoder? (2011)

Målet med denne oppgaven er å finne ut om noen av de fatale snøskredulykkene i perioden 2005/2006 til 2010/2011 kunne vært unngått ved bruk av tre regelbaserte metoder for ferdsel i skredterreng. De regelbaserte metodene vi har med i oppgaven er Reduksjonsmetoden, Den elementære Reduksjonsmetoden og ALPTRUTh. Vi har tatt utgangspunkt i skredrapportene til Norges Geotekniske Institutt (NGI) og gjennomført en kvantitativ innholdsanalyse av dokumentene. Vi har også diskutert positive og negative sider ved de forskjellige metodene og problematisert bruken av enkle regler i fjellet.\nResultatet i denne undersøkelsen viser at de fleste av ulykkene i perioden kunne vært unngått ved bruk av en av disse metodene. Vi har også gjort andre funn som viser typiske trekk ved snøskredulykkene i perioden.
Semiquantitative Group Testing (2014)

We propose a novel group testing method, termed semiquantitative group testing (SQGT), motivated by a class of problems arising in genome screening experiments. The SQGT is a (possibly) nonbinary pooling scheme that may be viewed as a concatenation of an adder channel and an integer-valued quantizer. In its full generality, SQGT may be viewed as a unifying framework for group testing, in the sense that most group testing models are special instances of SQGT. For the new testing scheme, we define the notion of SQ-disjunct and SQ-separable codes, representing generalizations of classical disjunct and separable codes. We describe several combinatorial and probabilistic constructions for such codes. While for most of these constructions, we assume that the number of defectives is much smaller than total number of test subjects, we also consider the case in which there is no restriction on the number of defectives and they may be as large as the total number of subjects. For the codes constructed in this paper, we describe a number of efficient decoding algorithms. In addition, we describe a belief propagation decoder for sparse SQGT codes for which no other efficient decoder is currently known.
Effectiveness and Usability of Bioinformatics Tools to Analyze Pathways Associated with miRNA Expression (2015)

MiRNAs are small, nonprotein-coding RNA molecules involved in gene regulation. While bioinformatics help guide miRNA research, it is less clear how they perform when studying biological pathways. We used 13 criteria to evaluate effectiveness and usability of existing bioinformatics tools. We evaluated the performance of six bioinformatics tools with a cluster of 12 differentially expressed miRNAs in colorectal tumors and three additional sets of 12 miRNAs that are not part of a known cluster. MiRPath performed the best of all the tools in linking miRNAs, with 92% of all miRNAs linked as well as the highest based on our established criteria followed by Ingenuity (58% linked). Other tools, including Empirical Gene Ontology, miRó, miRMaid, and PhenomiR, were limited by their lack of available tutorials, lack of flexibility and interpretability, and/or difficulty using the tool. In summary, we observed a lack of standardization across bioinformatic tools and a general lack of specificity in terms of pathways identified between groups of miRNAs. Hopefully, this evaluation will help guide the development of new tools.
The ROTSE‐III Robotic Telescope System (2003)

The observation of a prompt optical flash from GRB990123 convincingly demonstrated the value of autonomous robotic telescope systems. Pursuing a program of rapid follow-up observations of gamma-ray bursts, the Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment (ROTSE) has developed a next-generation instrument, ROTSE-III, that will continue the search for fast optical transients. The entire system was designed as an economical robotic facility to be installed at remote sites throughout the world. There are seven major system components: optics, optical tube assembly, CCD camera, telescope mount, enclosure, environmental sensing & protection and data acquisition. Each is described in turn in the hope that the techniques developed here will be useful in similar contexts elsewhere.
Structure and Dynamics of Superconducting NaxCoO(2) Hydrate and Its Unhydrated Analog (2003)

Neutron scattering has been used to investigate the crystal structure and lattice dynamics of superconducting Na0.3CoO2 1.4(H/D)2O, and the parent Na0.3CoO2 material. The structure of Na0.3CoO2 consists of alternate layers of CoO2 and Na and is the same as the structure at higher Na concentrations. For the superconductor, the water forms two additional layers between the Na and CoO2, increasing the c-axis lattice parameter of the hexagonal P63/mmc space group from 11.16 A to 19.5 A. The Na ions are found to occupy a different configuration from the parent compound, while the water forms a structure that replicates the structure of ice. Both types of sites are only partially occupied. The CoO2 layer in these structures is robust, on the other hand, and we find a strong inverse correlation between the CoO2 layer thickness and the superconducting transition temperature (TC increases with decreasing thickness). The phonon density-of-states for Na0.3CoO2 exhibits distinct acoustic and optic bands, with a high-energy cutoff of ~100 meV. The lattice dynamical scattering for the superconductor is dominated by the hydrogen modes, with librational and bending modes that are quite similar to ice, supporting the structural model that the water intercalates and forms ice-like layers in the superconductor.
Solid-state cryo-cooling using optical refrigeration (2014)

Optical refrigeration provides the only solid-state technology capable of reaching cryogenic temperatures, currently below 100K. Novel, adaptable designs are implemented for technologies requiring vibration-free cryogenic operation.
Immediate and Near Future Prediction of COVID-19 Patients in the U.S. Population Aged 65+ With the Prior Medical Conditions of Hypertension, Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases: Methods, Models and Acute Care Estimates (2020)

Abstract Importance Given the rapid rise of COVID-19 cases in the U.S. during March 2020 there has been a severe burden on the health care systems and care providers in the country. The impact of the virus so far was higher on the population aged 65+. Hospitalizations were higher among those with underlying medical conditions, namely, hypertension, cardiovascular and lung diseases. Hence, to have an idea of the number of new COVID-19 infections among these high-risk populations that could occur in the short-term could assist promptly to the country’s health care system for immediate health care planning. These estimates may aid us in better understanding the potential volumes of patients requiring inpatient care. Objective To provide immediate and short-term model-based predictions of COVID-19 patients in the U.S. population aged 65+ during April-June, 2020, those with the prior medical conditions of hypertension, cardiovascular and lung diseases. Design, Setting, and Participants We developed age-structured dynamic mathematical combined with wavelet analysis to understand the number of new cases that may emerge in the U.S. population aged 65+. We have estimated the number of people aged 65+ who might have three underlying conditions mentioned and a possible number of hospitalizations among them due to COVID-19 if they get infected. We have used publicly available data sources for developing our framework and estimates. Results We estimate that there are 13 million individuals aged 65+ who have one or a combination of three major prior medical conditions in the U.S. who need to be protected against COVID-19 to reduce a large number of hospitalizations and associated deaths. Hospitalizations of patients both with and without ICU-admissions with more prevalent underlying conditions could range between 31,633 (20,310 non-ICU hospitalizations and 11,323 ICU-admissions) to 94,666 (60,779 non-ICU hospitalizations and 33,866 ICU-admissions) cases during the same period. Under a rapid spread of the virus environment, these hospitalizations could be beyond 430,000 within the above three-month period. Conclusions and Relevance COVID-19 continues to dramatically and adversely affect the lives of people aged 65+ in the U.S. During the next three months which could result in thousands of hospitalizations if precautions against the virus spread are not implemented and adhered to.
Platelet function is modified by common sequence variation in megakaryocyte super enhancers (2017)

Linking non-coding genetic variants associated with the risk of diseases or disease-relevant traits to target genes is a crucial step to realize GWAS potential in the introduction of precision medicine. Here we set out to determine the mechanisms underpinning variant association with platelet quantitative traits using cell type-matched epigenomic data and promoter long-range interactions. We identify potential regulatory functions for 423 of 565 (75%) non-coding variants associated with platelet traits and we demonstrate, through ex vivo and proof of principle genome editing validation, that variants in super enhancers play an important role in controlling archetypical platelet functions.
Light treatment for seasonal affective disorder: (1994)

The concept of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) includes any depression whose onset is related to a certain season. Reduced environmental light is hypothesized to be the main precipitating factor of winter depression. Light treatment is used to prevent the onset of depressive episodes and to reduce depressive symptoms in patients with depression during winter months. The mechanisms of action which lead to the well-documented antidepressant response are still unknown. Several hypotheses of the pathogenesis of SAD are discussed, and the clinical practice of light treatment is reviewed.
Neurodegenerative Effects Induced by Chronic Infusion of Quinolinic Acid in Rat Striatum and Hippocampus (1991)

In this study we examined whether the potency of quinolinic acid (Quin) in inducing neurodegeneration in vivo was dependent on the exposure time of the tissue to the excitotoxin. The effect of chronic infusion of Quin into rat striatum and hippocampus was examined at the light microscopic level and by cell count on 40 microm Cresyl violet stained brain sections. Continuous infusion was at a constant speed (0.5 microl/h) for various times (15 h - 2 weeks) by osmotic minipumps (Alzet 2002). No build up of [3H]Quin occurred in the tissue during infusion; this was assessed by measuring the radioactivity 3 - 14 days after minipump placement. Intrastriatal infusion of 6 and 10 nmol/h Quin, but not of nicotinic acid, for 1 week induced a dose-dependent neurodegeneration (70 and 90% loss of neurons, respectively, compared to the contralateral striatum) extending 1.2 - 2 mm from the centre of the injection. The onset of the neurotoxicity caused by 10 nmol/h Quin was >24 h. One week's infusion of 4 nmol/h Quin did not induce neurotoxicity, but a 40% drop of neurons, compared to the contralateral side, occurred after 2 weeks. One week's intrahippocampal infusion of 2.4 and 6 nmol/h Quin, but not of nicotinic acid, caused a dose-dependent neurodegeneration with a radius of approximately 1 - 1.5 mm around the injection track. The onset of the neurotoxicity induced by 2.4 nmol/h Quin was < 15 h. The pattern of nerve cell loss induced by 1.2 nmol/h Quin after 1 week (CA4 cells lost in 50% of the rats) did not differ from that observed after 2 weeks of infusion. Nerve cell loss caused by Quin in the striatum and in the hippocampus was restricted to the injected area and antagonized by coinfusion with d(-)-2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic and kynurenic acids in molar ratios of 1:0.1 and 1:3, respectively. These data show that Quin's potency in inducing neurodegeneration in the striatum, but not in the hippocampus, depends on the exposure time of the tissue to the excitotoxin. In addition, neurodegeneration is induced faster by Quin in the hippocampus than in the striatum. The usefulness of this model to study the sequelae of the neurotoxic process in vivo will be discussed.