gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous wavelet estimation and deconvolution of reflection seismic signals (1996)

The problem of simultaneous wavelet estimation and deconvolution is investigated with a Bayesian approach under the assumption that the reflectivity obeys a Bernoulli-Gaussian distribution. Unknown quantities, including the seismic wavelet, the reflection sequence, and the statistical parameters of reflection sequence and noise are all treated as realizations of random variables endowed with suitable prior distributions. Instead of deterministic procedures that can be quite computationally burdensome, a simple Monte Carlo method, called Gibbs sampler, is employed to produce random samples iteratively from the joint posterior distribution of the unknowns. Modifications are made in the Gibbs sampler to overcome the ambiguity problems inherent in seismic deconvolution. Simple averages of the random samples are used to approximate the minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) estimates of the unknowns. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the performance of the method.
Power Supplies (1969)

This article describes the power supply system and the equipment developed to supply power to the repeaters and equalizers spaced along the coaxial cable. Power is supplied as a constant direct current over the center conductors of each pair of coaxial tubes in a series circuit consisting of two or four current regulated converters and the cable system consisting of the repeaters and equalizers. The system is designed for high reliability, long life, ease of maintenance and repair, and unattended operation.
Self-culture in the Electronic Age: The Perspective of Zhu Xi's Gewu Zhizhi (2007)

This article examines the conduct of self-learning and cultivation in the electronic age from the perspective of Zhu Xi's concept of ”Gewu Zhizhi”.
On the surface, our computers, internet and electronic media certainly facilitate learning. They provide instant communication, access to data banks, and text manipulation. They even provide chat rooms and online games for people to express themselves freely and to explore other aspects of self. On a deeper level, however, people do not read and absorb information with the same degree of concentration and depth as before. Learning is becoming increasingly streamlined, sporadic and superficial.
From Zhu Xi's perspective, the problem is even more serious. For him, self learning and cultivation should be conducted in light of real life. Even the student's relationship with the teacher itself involves role modeling, understanding upright human relationships and practicing appropriate conduct. In Zhu Xi's ”gewu zhizhi”, one carefully observes phenomena (or reads texts), thinks about their significance and practical implications, and then incorporates this new knowledge into life practice. In this sense, ”學者須是務實.” By this standard, nowadays people's learning through electronic media lacks the concentration, depth and practical implications of genuine learning.
In conclusion, although our computers, internet and electronic media facilitate learning by providing instant communication, access to information, etc., Zhu Xi would argue-and most humanities scholars would agree-that people should use these gifts sparingly and carefully in support of their overall project of self learning and cultivation in the context of real life.
Intra- and Intergeneric Similarities of the Bordetella Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid Cistrons: Proposal for a New Family, Alcaligenaceae (1986)

Hybridization experiments were carried out between 3H-labeled ribosomal ribonucleic acid from Bordetella bronchiseptica NCTC 452T (T = type strain), 14C-labeled ribosomal ribonucleic acid from Alcaligenes faecalis NCIB 8156T, or 14C-labeled ribosomal ribonucleic acid from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans ATCC 15173T and deoxyribonucleic acids from various strains of Bordetella, Alcaligenes and other taxa. A numerical analysis of phenotypic features was also done. The genera Bordetella and Alcaligenes are very closely related, which warrants the proposal of a new family, the Alcaligenaceae.
Recurrent Personality Factors Based on Trait Ratings (1992)

Intercorrelations among ratings on 35 personality traits, selected as representative of the personality domain, were obtained for eight samples. These samples differed in length of acquaintanceship from 3 days to more than a year; in kind of acquaintanceship from assessment programs in a military training course to a fraternity house situation; in type of subject from airmen with only a high-school education to male and female undergraduate students to first-year graduate students; and in type of rater from very naive persons to clinical psychologists and psychiatrists with years of experience in the evaluation of personality. Centroid or multiple-group factors were extracted and rotated orthogonally to simple structure. For one study, an independent solution was obtained in which analytic rotations were accomplished on an IBM 650 computer using Kaiser's normal varimax criterion. Five fairly strong and recurrent factors emerged from each analysis, labeled as (a) Surgency, (b) Agreeableness, (c) Dependability, (d) Emotional Stability, and (e) Culture.
Theoretical and numerical treatment of diffraction through a circular aperture (1970)

The three-dimensional diffraction of a scalar plane wave through a circular aperture in an infinite plane screen is analyzed and numerically computed for the case of normal incidence. A modified Babinet's principle is formulated, and this is used to find the diffraction of sound by an acoustically soft circular disk. The spheroidal wave functions are described and applied to the diffraction theory. Numerical values of the rigorous diffraction functions are computed, and these are compared to the approximation obtained by the Huygen-Kirchhoff formulation.
Convolutional Neural Networks over Tree Structures for Programming Language Processing (2016)

Programming language processing (similar to natural language processing) is a hot research topic in the field of software engineering; it has also aroused growing interest in the artificial intelligence community. However, different from a natural language sentence, a program contains rich, explicit, and complicated structural information. Hence, traditional NLP models may be inappropriate for programs. In this paper, we propose a novel tree-based convolutional neural network (TBCNN) for programming language processing, in which a convolution kernel is designed over programs' abstract syntax trees to capture structural information. TBCNN is a generic architecture for programming language processing; our experiments show its effectiveness in two different program analysis tasks: classifying programs according to functionality, and detecting code snippets of certain patterns. TBCNN outperforms baseline methods, including several neural models for NLP.
Multiple Sclerosis Relapses: Epidemiology, Outcomes and Management. A Systematic Review (2015)

Relapses (episodic exacerbations of neurological signs or symptoms) are a defining feature of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), the most prevalent MS phenotype. While their diagnostic value relates predominantly to the definition of clinically definite MS, their prognostic value is determined by their relatively high associated risk of incomplete remission resulting in residual disability. The mechanisms governing a relapse incidence are unknown, but numerous modifiers of relapse risk have been described, including demographic and clinical characteristics, many of which represent opportunities for improved disease management. Also relapse phenotypes have been associated with patient and disease characteristics and an individual predisposition to certain phenotypic presentations may imply individual neuroanatomical disease patterns. While immunomodulatory therapies and corticosteroids represent the mainstay of relapse prevention and acute management, respectively, their effect has only been partial and further search for more efficient relapse therapies is warranted. Other areas of research include pathophysiology and determinants of relapse incidence, recurrence and phenotypes, including the characteristics of the relapsing and non-relapsing multiple sclerosis variants and their responsiveness to therapies.
High Performance Continuously Variable Transmission Control Through Robust Control-Relevant Model Validation (2013)

Optimal operation of continuously variable transmissions (CVTs) is essential to meet tightening emission and fuel consumption requirements. This is achieved by accurately tracking a prescribed transmission ratio reference and simultaneously optimizing the internal efficiency of the CVT. To reduce the power losses in a CVT, the absolute pressure levels are lowered, which increases the sensitivity to torque disturbances and increases the importance of disturbance feedforwards. This requires a high performance feedback controller for the hydraulic actuation system in a CVT. The aim of this paper is to develop a multivariable feedback controller for the hydraulic actuation system that is robust with respect to the varying system dynamics that are induced by the varying operating conditions, including transmission ratio changes. Hereto, new connections between system identification and robust control are exploited to achieve high performance. As a result, the varying system dynamics are directly evaluated in terms of closed-loop performance objectives. Subsequent robust control design reveals an increase of the control performance of almost a factor two in terms of the criterion value. This leads to improved simulated and measured closed-loop step responses, including a decrease in settling time from 0.4 s to 0.2 s. Finally, the designed robust controller is successfully validated in a standardized driving cycle experiment.
Global distribution of C<sub>3</sub>and C<sub>4</sub>vegetation: Carbon cycle implications (2003)

The global distribution of C 3 and C 4 plants is required for accurately simulating exchanges of CO 2 , water, and energy between the land surface and atmosphere. It is also important to know the C 3 /C 4 distribution for simulations of the carbon isotope composition of atmospheric CO 2 owing to the distinct fractionations displayed by each photosynthetic type. Large areas of the land surface are spatial and temporal mosaics of both photosynthetic types. We developed an approach for capturing this heterogeneity by combining remote sensing products, physiological modeling, a spatial distribution of global crop fractions, and national harvest area data for major crop types. Our C 3 /C 4 distribution predicts the global coverage of C 4 vegetation to be 18.8 million km 2 , while C 3 vegetation covers 87.4 million km 2 . We incorporated our distribution into the SiB2 model and simulated carbon fluxes for each photosynthetic type. The gross primary production (GPP) of C 4 plants is 35.3 Pg C yr −1 , or ∼23% of total GPP, while that of C 3 plants is 114.7 Pg C yr −1 . The assimilation‐weighted terrestrial discrimination against 13 CO 2 is −16.5‰. If the terrestrial component of the carbon sink is proportional to GPP, this implies a net uptake of 2.4 Pg C yr −1 on land and 1.4 Pg C yr −1 in the ocean using a 13 C budgeting approach and average carbon cycle parameter values for the 1990s. We also simulated the biomass of each photosynthetic type using the CASA model. The simulated biomass values of C 3 and C 4 vegetation are 389.3 and 18.6 Pg C, respectively.
Developments in Food Flavours (1987)

Developments in food flavours , Developments in food flavours , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Document Image Noises and Removal Methods (2013)

Document images may be contaminated with noise during transmission, scanning or conversion to digital form. We can categorize noises by identifying their features and can search for similar patterns in a document image to choose appropriate methods for their removal. After a brief introduction, this paper reviews noises that might appear in scanned document images and discusses some noise removal methods.
An unusual case of hip disability--(a case report). (1989)

An unusual case of postero-superior periarticular irritation of the hip joint of six months' duration due to an extension of a pre-sacral foreign body granuloma in an 18 year old unmarried girl is presented. Two wooden sticks which probably were inserted pervaginally by a village midwife to induce an abortion for an unwanted pregnancy had found its way to presacral region. The scanning of the vaginal fornix indicated a possible route through which the sticks might have been migrated.
Amorphous VPO4/C with the enhanced performances as an anode for lithium ion batteries (2016)

Amorphous and crystalline VPO4/C were synthesized by a facile solution reaction method followed with controlled annealing. The discharge capacities of amorphous VPO4/C at 0.1, 1.0, and 2.0 A g−1 achieved 730, 498, and 397 mAh g−1, respectively. However, the discharge capacities of crystalline VPO4/C at the same rates were substantially lower and could only reach 487, 319, and 237 mAh g−1, respectively. Characterization and analyses of electrochemical properties and ionic diffusion suggested more reaction sites and open framework in the amorphous sample facilitated ion migration and lithium ion storage resulting in both high capacity and rate capability. The results showed that the amorphization could be an effective way towards electrodes for high energy density lithium-ion batteries.
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I at presentation in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome: a cohort study (2015)

British Heart Foundation and Chief Scientist Office (Scotland).
Interpreting CNNs via Decision Trees (2018)

This paper aims to quantitatively explain rationales of each prediction that is made by a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN). We propose to learn a decision tree, which clarifies the specific reason for each prediction made by the CNN at the semantic level. I.e., the decision tree decomposes feature representations in high conv-layers of the CNN into elementary concepts of object parts. In this way, the decision tree tells people which object parts activate which filters for the prediction and how much they contribute to the prediction score. Such semantic and quantitative explanations for CNN predictions have specific values beyond the traditional pixel-level analysis of CNNs. More specifically, our method mines all potential decision modes of the CNN, where each mode represents a common case of how the CNN uses object parts for prediction. The decision tree organizes all potential decision modes in a coarse-to-fine manner to explain CNN predictions at different fine-grained levels. Experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
<i>In vitro</i> properties of phytases from various microbial origins (2002)

Abstract For the evaluation of the effectiveness of phytase preparations as feed additive, in vitro properties like temperature optimum, temperature stability, pH optimum and pH profile or proteolytic stability are of utmost importance. Although at present all commercial phytase preparations authorized as feed additives in the EU are produced by recombinant filamentous fungi and have similar in vitro properties (acidic pH optimum, narrow pH range, low thermostability) the diversity of microbial phytases is great. Microbial sources for phytases span from fungi and yeasts to bacteria. Some of the naturally occurring phytases were identified to have high thermostability and a broad pH range (e.g. Aspergillus fumigatus phytase). The bacterial Bacillus phytases generally differ from other phytases, having a pH optimum from 7.0 to 8.0, being Ca2+ dependent and highly specific for phytate. Thermostability can considerably be increased by protein engineering. A so-called Consensus phytase encoded by a synthetic gene was found to be stable in aqueous solutions at 70 °C and in feed at pelleting temperatures of 80–90 °C. The rate and site of inactivation of feed enzymes in the digestive tract are determined by their susceptibility to proteolytic enzymes. Highest residual activities after incubation in the presence of pepsin or in supernatants of stomach digesta was observed for Escherichia coli and Consensus phytases, while the Bacillus phytase was found to be most resistant to pancreatin. Comparative studies on in vitro properties of enzymes intended for use as feed additives provide valuable information for prediction of in vivo effectiveness.
Computationally efficient wavelet packet coding of wide-band stereo audio signals (2002)

This paper presents a new audio compressor based on the wavelet packet (WP) decomposition. The major drawback of the present audio compressors is the large computational effort associated with subband decomposition and psychoacoustic modeling. We integrate the psychoacoustic model with the design of the decomposition filterbank which separates the wideband signal into 28 subbands closely approximating the critical bands. The psychoacoustic model exploits noise masking and joint stereo coding to compress the subband signals. We demonstrate that the WP decomposition provides sufficient resolution to extract the time-frequency characteristics of the input signal. The WP based audio compressor provides transparent sound quality at compression rates comparable to the MPEG compressor with less than one third of the computational effort.
Facile fabrication of complex networks of memristive devices (2017)

We describe the memristive properties of cluster-assembled gold films. We show that resistive switching is observed in pure metallic nanostructured films at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, in response to applied voltage inputs. In particular, we observe resistance changes up to 400% and archetypal switching events that have remarkable symmetry with the applied voltage. We associated this symmetry with 'potentiation' and 'anti-potentiation' processes involving the activation of synapses and of pathways comprising multiple synapses. The stability and reproducibility of the resistance switching, which lasted over many hours, make these devices ideal test-beds for exploration of the basic mechanisms of the switching processes, and allow convenient fabrication of devices that may have neuromorphic properties.
In Vitro Activities of Ravuconazole and Voriconazole Compared with Those of Four Approved Systemic Antifungal Agents against 6,970 Clinical Isolates of <i>Candida</i> spp (2002)

The in vitro activities of ravuconazole and voriconazole were compared with those of amphotericin B, flucytosine (5FC), itraconazole, and fluconazole against 6,970 isolates of Candida spp. obtained from over 200 medical centers worldwide. Both ravuconazole and voriconazole were very active against all Candida spp. (MIC at which 90% of the isolates tested are inhibited [MIC(90)], 0.25 microg/ml; 98% of MICs were < or 1 microg/ml); however, a decrease in the activities of both of these agents was noted among isolates that were susceptible-dose dependent (fluconazole MIC, 16 to 32 microg/ml) and resistant (MIC, > or = 64 microg/ml) to fluconazole. Candida albicans was the most susceptible species (MIC(90) of both ravuconazole and voriconazole, 0.03 microg/ml), and C. glabrata was the least susceptible species (MIC(90), 1 to 2 microg/ml). Ravuconazole and voriconazole were each more active in vitro than amphotericin B, 5FC, itraconazole, and fluconazole against all Candida spp. and were the only agents with good in vitro activity against C. krusei. These results provide further evidence for the spectrum and potency of ravuconazole and voriconazole against a large and geographically diverse collection of Candida spp.
SMC a simple method to rapidly assemble multiple fragments into one construct (2010)

We describe a simple method, split-marker-mediated multiple-piece cloning (SMC), to rapidly assemble multiple DNA fragments into one construct in yeast. In this approach, a selectable marker is split into two non-functional, overlapping halves, of which one half is on the plasmid backbone. Homologous recombination reconstitutes the marker gene and assembles all DNA fragments in the desired order. This method allows rapid one-step fusion of various DNA fragments that contain approximately 30 base pair overlaps in yeast using raw PCR and/or restriction enzyme-digested products.
The protection of environmentally displaced persons and their right to a healthy and sustainable environment (2008)

Over the past decades, more and more people have been displaced as a result of environmental degradation, including natural disasters and long-term development projects. There are few avenues of recourse open to environmentally displaced persons, who have to leave their habitual environment when it is no longer able to support human habitation. Environmentally displaced persons are generally unable to fall within the definition of 'refugee' under the current international law regimes and, as such, cannot seek the protection that is offered under such regimes. In this paper, I submit that there is a need to address the problems that are faced by environmentally displaced persons by considering the root causes of their displacement and ensuring that their right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment is formally recognised and incorporated into a suitable international legal regime.
Angiostatin's Partners (1999)

I am writing to comment on Marcia Barinaga's article “A surprising partner for angiostatin” (News of the Week, 19 Mar. p. [1831][1]). She describes a paper by Tammy Moser and her collaborators (“Angiostatin binds ATP synthase on the surface of human endothelial cells”) ([1][2]) that
Research on apoptotic signaling pathways of recurrent spontaneous abortion caused by dysfunction of trophoblast infiltration. (2017)

To study the apoptotic signaling pathways of recurrent spontaneous abortion caused by dysfunction of trophoblast infiltration.60 patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion and normal abortion were selected consecutively as recurrent spontaneous abortion group and abortion group, respectively. Villous tissues were obtained and cell apoptosis was observed under a microscope; terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (Tunel) method was used to test the apoptosis rate. In situ hybridization was adopted to detect expressions of Fas messenger RNA (Fas mRNA) and Fas ligand messenger RNA (FasL mRNA); expression of Fas, FasL and protein kinase C (PKC) were examined by immunohistochemistry at protein level; fluorescence spectrophotometer was used to test Ca2+ level.The apoptosis rate, expressions of Fas mRNA, and FasL mRNA, expressions of Fas and FasL proteins, as well as Ca2+ level, were significantly higher in the recurrent spontaneous abortion group than in abortion group. The level of PKC protein was significantly lower in recurrent spontaneous abortion group than in abortion group (p<0.05).Fas-FasL and PKC signaling pathways, as well as Ca2+, may mediate the dysfunction of trophoblast infiltration, which leads to recurrent spontaneous abortion.
Sodium-dependent glucose transporter protein as a potential therapeutic target for improving glycemic control in diabetes (2011)

Glucose is transported across the cell membrane by two different types of glucose transporters: glucose-facilitated transporters and sodium-dependent glucose transport (SGLT) proteins. Regulation of SGLT activity (namely, inhibition of SGLT1 and SGLT2 activity and stimulation of SGLT3 activity) represents a potential means of managing hyperglycemia and diabetes, thus preventing complications of diabetes. The purpose of the present review is to discuss the role of SGLT proteins in the pathophysiology of diabetes and to describe the mechanisms by which these transporters may be used for glycemic control and the treatment of diabetes. The regulatory processes involved in SGLT-mediated glucose uptake are also described briefly. This information provides new insight into the complementary mechanisms involved in the regulation of SGLT-mediated glucose transport as well as a basis for further investigation.