gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
STARNET, a WDM computer-communication network: implementation of physical and transport layers (1995)

STARNET is a 2.5-Gbit/s/wavelength (half duplex) reconfigurable optical WDM computer-communication network that uses a 125-Mbit/s FDDI-compatible logical ring subnetwork for control information.1 STARNET uses combined modulation to transmit both control information and wideband pay-load data (over the reconfigurable logical network) with a single transmitter. Separate receivers are used to recover the control information and the payload data. In Experiment A, we demonstrated the use of a DFB semiconductor laser to transmit two data streams (network-control information and payload data) by using combined FSK/ASK modulation.
Turning Dutch: Historical Myths in Early Modern Netherlands (2008)

This article discusses the competing political discourses that vied for prominence in the early stages of the Dutch Revolt from Spain in the late sixteenth century. Particular attention is paid to one of those discourses, the myth of Swiss republicanism, and the reasons for its initial popularity, eventual decline, and lasting influence on Dutch political culture. Through an examination of the flurry of pamphlet literature that accompanied the break from Habsburg rule, the paper argues that the Dutch considered many options when finding the ideological models for their new state but ultimately created their own political inspiration, "turning Dutch".
TRYPTAMINES, CARBOLINES, AND RELATED COMPOUNDS: PART VIII. δ-CARBOLINE (1960)

The first unambiguous synthesis of δ-carboline has been achieved starting with 3-amino-2-phenylpyridine. This was converted to the azide which was thermally cyclized to δ-carboline. The carboline gave a py-N-methiodide which was converted to the anhydronium base. The pK a of the anhydronium base was determined and its significance is discussed. The anhydronium base formed a methiodide which, on dry distillation, gave ind-N-methyl-δ-carboline. The spectral properties of the various derivatives of δ-carboline were examined and the bond structures of the anhydronium base and the methiodides are discussed.
Combined Ultrasonic Thermal Ablation with Interleaved ARFI Image Monitoring Using a Single Diagnostic Curvilinear Array: A Feasibility Study (2011)

The goal of this work is to demonstrate the feasibility of using a diagnostic ultrasound system (Siemens Antares and CH6-2 curvilinear array) to ablate ex vivo liver with a custom M-mode sequence and monitor the resulting tissue stiffening with 2-D Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging. Images were taken before and after ablation, as well as in 5- s intervals during the ablation sequence in order to monitor the ablation lesion formation temporally. Ablation lesions were generated at depths up to 1.5 cm from the surface of the liver and were not visible in B-mode. ARFI images showed liver stiffening with heating that corresponded to discolored regions in gross pathology. As expected, the contrast of ablation lesions in ARFI images is observed to increase with ablation lesion size. This study demonstrated the ability of a diagnostic system using custom beam sequences to localize an ablation site, heat the site to the point of irreversible damage and monitor the formation of the ablation lesion with ARFI imaging.
The vegetalizing factor A member of the evolutionarily highly conserved activin family (1992)

The mesoderm and endoderm inducing vegetalizing factor was partially sequenced after BrCN cleavage. A sequence which is highly conserved in activin A near the C-terminal end was identified. This shows that the factor belongs to the activin family. The activins are not confined to embryos and gonads, but widely distributed in other tissues like calf kidney and calf liver. Functional aspects are discussed.
World Poverty: Rights, Obligations, Institutions, Motivations (2015)

A common criticism of international human rights declarations is that they lack an adequate account of the corresponding obligations. This criticism is often thought to be particularly apt when applied to economic and social rights. International human rights law imposes these obligations on states, but critics object that this treats the problem (state behavior) as the solution. This article examines the question of the obligations corresponding to economic and social rights in the context of debates about world poverty. It argues that the legal and philosophical emphasis on obligations must be supplemented by an understanding of both institutions and motivations if practical progress to eradicate world poverty is to be made.
Analytical Model for the End-Bearing Capacity of Tapered Piles Using Cavity Expansion Theory (2012)

On the basis of evidence from model tests on increasing the end-bearing behavior of tapered piles at the load-settlement curve, this paper proposes an analytical spherical cavity expansion theory to evaluate the end-bearing capacity. The angle of tapering is inserted in the proposed model to evaluate the end-bearing capacity. The test results of the proposed model in different types of sands and different relative densities show good effects compared to conventional straight piles. The end-bearing capacity increases with increases in the tapering angle. The paper then propounds a model for prototypes and real-type pile tests which predicts and validates to evaluate the end-bearing capacity.
HIGH VOLTAGE POWER LINE SITING CRITERIA. VOLUME II. APPLICATION OF PREDICTION TECHNIQUES TO COMMUNICATION AND ELECTRONIC SITES (1967)

Abstract : This part of the report briefly summarizes the pertinent results of tests reported in Volume I, and together with data in unpublished reports by the authors and in published literature, develops a radio noise prediction technique for radio noise from power lines to be used for siting communication areas. For the low-frequency measurements, 60 cps to 15 kc/s, comparisons of power lines are made on the basis of electric field measurements, since the strength of the magnetic field in the vicinity of a line is a function of the current, which will be continually varying with load.
Purification and properties of Escherichia coli 4'-phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase: presence of covalently bound pyruvate (1987)

4'-Phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase was purified 900-fold from Escherichia coli B with an overall yield of 6%. The enzyme migrates as a single band with a molecular weight of 35,000 +/- 3000 in 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. The native enzyme has an apparent molecular weight of 146,000 +/- 9000 as determined by a gel exclusion column. At pH 7.6 and 25 degrees C, Km = 0.9 mM and Vmax = 600 nmol/(min X mg of protein). The pH optimum for Vmax is between 7.5 and 7.7. Hydroxylamine, phenylhydrazine, potassium cyanide, and sodium borohydride as well as pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxal inactivated the enzyme. The enzyme contains covalently bound pyruvate as suggested by the isolation of [3H]lactate and pyruvate from [3H]NaBH4-reduced enzyme and native enzyme, respectively. One mole of [3H]lactate was isolated per 39,000 g of [3H]NaBH4-reduced and completely inactivated enzyme, and 1 mol of pyruvate was isolated per 31,000 +/- 4000 g of native enzyme. Mild base treatment released lactate and pyruvate from the reduced and the native enzymes, respectively, suggesting the pyruvate is attached to the enzyme by an ester bond. These findings are in accord with similar results obtained with the horse liver enzyme (R. Scandurra, personal communication). The presence of covalently bound pyruvate in the bacterial and mammalian enzymes suggests that pyruvate plays a major role in the mechanism of action.
Roll Tilt Psychophysics in Rhesus Monkeys During Vestibular and Visual Stimulation (2008)

How does the brain calculate the spatial orientation of the head relative to gravity? Psychophysical measurements are critical to investigate this question, but such measurements have been limited to humans. In non-human primates, behavioral measures have focused on vestibular-mediated eye movements, which do not reflect percepts of head orientation. We have therefore developed a method to measure tilt perception in monkeys, derived from the subjective visual vertical (SVV) task. Two rhesus monkeys were trained to align a light bar parallel to gravity and performed this task during roll tilts, centrifugation, and roll optokinetic stimulation. The monkeys accurately aligned the light bar with gravity during static roll tilts but also demonstrated small orientation-dependent misperceptions of the tilt angle analogous to those measured in humans. When the gravito-inertial force (GIF) rotated dynamically in the roll plane, SVV responses remained closely aligned with the GIF during roll tilt of the head (coplanar canal rotational cues present), lagged slightly behind the GIF during variable-radius centrifugation (no canal cues present), and shifted gradually during fixed-radius centrifugation (orthogonal yaw canal cues present). SVV responses also deviated away from the earth-vertical during roll optokinetic stimulation. These results demonstrate that rotational cues derived from the semicircular canals and visual system have prominent effects on psychophysical measurements of roll tilt in rhesus monkeys and therefore suggest that a central synthesis of graviceptive and rotational cues contributes to percepts of head orientation relative to gravity in non-human primates.
Langmuir probe characterization of magnetron operation (1986)

Conventional planar magnetrons have been characterized with small (0.01 and 0.02 cm diam) Langmuir probes in the plasma region and also extending into the sheath. The plasma potentials, electron temperatures, and electron densities have been measured at low and intermediate magnetron discharge currents. The low currents reduce the effect of the probe on the discharge by reducing probe heating. The pressure range examined was 1.5–30 mTorr in both Ar and He. With Ar, the plasma potential is relatively constant in the abnormal (bright) glow region of the magnetron, and only begins to drop appreciably in the dark space (&lt;1 mm thick) near the cathode. The electron temperatures showed a continual increase as the cathode sheath was approached. Temperatures were measured in the 1–5 eV range at 5–30 mTorr Ar, and as high as 22 eV at pressures of 1.5 mTorr Ar. The measured electron densities were also pressure dependent and were highly peaked in the bright glow region near the cathode surface. The densities fell rapidly through the sheath. Significant departures from a Maxwellian electron energy distribution were found for the He plasmas, with a higher proportion of electrons in the high energy tail. The densities, however, were significantly lower than with Ar.
Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Marine Sponges (2005)

Aus marinen Organismen wie Schwammen, Pilzen und Bakterien isolierte Naturstoffe zeigen eine einzigartige stukturelle Vielfalt, die zu neuen, fur medizinische Zwecke verwendbaren Verbindungen fuhren kann. Diese Arbeit umfasst die Isolierung, Strukturaufklarung und das Screening auf Bioaktivitat der aktiven Inhaltsstoffe einiger in Indonesien gesammelter Schwamme unter Anwendung verschiedener chromatographischer Methoden und zahlreicher Mittel der Spektralanalytik. Der indonesische Schwamm Callyspongia aerizusa Die Ethylacetat-Fraktion wurde einer Kieselgel-Saulenchromatographie gefolgt von semipraparativer HPLC und Umkehrphasen (RP-18)-Kieselgel-Saulenchromatographie unterzogen, um die bekannten Reinsubstanzen Callyaerine B, E, F, D sowie die neue Verbindung Callyaerin S zu isolieren. Die Callyaerine B, E und S zeigten starke zytotoxische Aktivitat. Callyaerin E zeigte auch antivirale Aktivitat. Der indonesische Schwamm Diacarnus megaspinorhabdosa Die Ethylacetat Fraktion wurde einer Vakuum Flussigkeitschromatographie gefolgt von semipraparativer HPLC unterzogen, um die beiden bekannten Verbindungen sowie die neue Verbindung Diacarmin zu isolieren. Vier Reinsubstanzen konnten aus Der n-Butanol-Fraktion isoliert werden. Die Hexan-Fraktion wurde einer Vakuum-Flussigkeitschromatographie unterzogen. Die erhaltenen Fraktionen wurden einer Flash-Chromatographie, Kieselgel-Saulenchromatographie, Sephadex (LH-20)Saulenchromatogr- aphie beziehungsweise Umkehrphasen(RP-18)-Kieselgel-Saulenchromatographie unterzogen, wobei neun neue Norterpen-Cycloperoxid-Diacarperoxid (A-I) und desweiteren vier bekannte Verbindungen isoliert wurden. Alle Verbindungen zeigten interessante zytotoxische Aktivitat. Der indonesische Schwamm Acanthostronglylophora ingens Der Vollextrakt wurde einer VLC unter Verwendung eines Dichlormethan:Methanol Gradientensystems unterzogen. Die eluierten Fraktionen wurden einer Sephadex- beziehungsweise Kieselgel-Saulenchromatographie und semipraparativer HPLC unterzogen, um zwei bekannte Substanzen und eine neue Verbindung zu erhalten. Annomontin zeigte starke zytotoxische Aktivitat. Der indonesische Schwamm Theonella swinhoei Die Ethylacatat-Fraktion wurde einer Kieselgel-Saulenchromatographie gefolgt von semipraparativer HPLC unterzogen, um drei bekannte Verbindungen zu isolieren. Die Hexan-Fraktion wurde einer KieselgelSaulenchromatographie unterzogen, um eine bekannte Verbindung zu erhalten, Cholest-4-ene-3-on.
THE EFFECT OF MULTIPLE SCATTERING ON LINE SHAPES. (1965)

A preliminary investigation has been made into the effect of multiple scattering of photons on the shape of a spectral line using a Monte Carlo method. The first line studied was one which had been found to deviate considerably from Lorentz shape. Previous attempts to fit the experimental curve seemed to indicate that the exponent of the $(\\nu - \\nu_{0})$ term in the Lorentz formula should be slightly less than 2, and the halfwidth should be slightly less than expected from classical pressure broadening theory. However, when the multiple scattering of an incident beam of parallel photons was included and the halfwidth was increased to the predicted value, the theoretical and empirical curves agreed within experimental error. The calculations are being continued for this and other lines to take into account the cell geometry and beam angle for the spectrometer actually used in the measurements, as well as geometries typical of other spectrometers.
Location Privacy Protection for Smartphone Users (2014)

As smartphones are increasingly used to run apps that provide users with location-based services, the users' location privacy has become a major concern. Existing solutions to this concern are deficient in terms of practicality, efficiency, and effectiveness. To address this problem, we design, implement, and evaluate LP-Guardian, a novel and comprehensive framework for location privacy protection for Android smartphone users. LP-Guardian's overcomes the shortcomings of existing approaches by addressing the tracking, profiling, and identification threats while maintaining app functionality. We have implemented and evaluated LP-Guardian's on Android 4.3.1. Our evaluation results show that LP-Guardian's effectively thwarts the privacy threats, without deteriorating the user's experience (less than 10% overhead in delay and energy). Also, LP-Guardian's privacy protection is shown to be achieved at a tolerable loss in app functionality.
Cellular Therapy Models: Ex Vivo Chimera Model by Cell Fusion (2014)

The authors describe a prevalence range of Dupuytren disease in the general population of Western countries. The relation between age and prevalence of Dupuytren disease is given according to sex, including 95 percent prediction intervals. It is possible to determine disease prevalence at a certain age for the total population, and for men and women separately.
A Method of Automatic Data Path Synthesis (1983)

A method of automatically synthesizing data paths from a behavioral description has been developed. An initial implementation of this method, which is integrated into the Carnegie-Mellon University Design Automation system, is presented in this paper. Its principles of operation are explained and an evaluation of its performance is given. This method of automatic synthesis surpasses the performance of previous CMU-DA approaches. Further, a designer can use it in a semi-automatic fashion and complement its abilities with his expert insight.
Ultra-long raman laser with a feedback based on the Rayleigh scattering (2009)

This paper reports the Rayleigh scattering effects in ultra-long Raman fibre laser. It has been found that in a long fibre cavity (-100 km) the distributed feedback due to Rayleigh back scattering at propagation of light between fibre Bragg grating reflectors may be comparable with the lumped feedback provided by the FBG itself. As a result, Raman lasing in the fibre span limited by lumped (FBG) reflector at one side only appears possible due to significant reflection from the RS-based "random" distributed mirror at the other side. Thus, it concludes that a distributed Rayleigh scattering "random" mirror can form a cavity together with a single FBG spliced to the opposite cavity end..
Sustained Activation of Lyn Tyrosine Kinase In Vivo Leads to Autoimmunity (2002)

Genetic ablation of the Lyn tyrosine kinase has revealed unique inhibitory roles in B lymphocyte signaling. We now report the consequences of sustained activation of Lyn in vivo using a targeted gain-of-function mutation (Lyn(up/up) mice). Lyn(up/up) mice have reduced numbers of conventional B lymphocytes, down-regulated surface immunoglobulin M and costimulatory molecules, and elevated numbers of B1a B cells. Lyn(up/up) B cells are characterized by the constitutive phosphorylation of negative regulators of B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling including CD22, SHP-1, and SHIP-1, and display attributes of lymphocytes rendered tolerant by constitutive engagement of the antigen receptor. However, exaggerated positive signaling is also apparent as evidenced by the constitutive phosphorylation of Syk and phospholipase Cgamma2 in resting Lyn(up/up) B cells. Similarly, Lyn(up/up) B cells show a heightened calcium flux in response to BCR stimulation. Surprisingly, Lyn(up/up) mice develop circulating autoreactive antibodies and lethal autoimmune glomerulonephritis, suggesting that enhanced positive signaling eventually overrides constitutive negative signaling. These studies highlight the difficulty in maintaining tolerance in the face of chronic stimulation and emphasize the pivotal role of Lyn in B cell signaling.
Synthesis of statistical networks from liquid polybutadiene. V. Synthesis and adhesive properties of 1,2‐polybutadiene networks (1985)

Abstract A series of 1,2‐polybutadiene networks was prepared either by endlinking reaction of telechelic liquid precursors or/and by crosslinking with disilyl compounds. Transparent materials were obtained and used as adhesives in glass assembly mainly. The shear resistance at break was found to be higher compared to conventional vulcanized elastomers.
Modeling the young modulus of nanocomposites: A neural network approach (2011)

Composite materials have changed the way of using polymers, as the strength was favored by the incorporation of fibers and particles. This new class of materials allowed a larger number of applications. The insertion of nanometric sized particles has enhanced the variation of properties with a smaller load of fillers. In this paper, we attempt to a better understanding of nanocomposites by using an artificial intelligence's technique, known as artificial neural networks. This technique allowed the modeling of Young's modulus of nanocomposites. A good approximation was obtained, as the correlation between the data and the response of the network was high, and the error percentage was low.
Biochemical studies on the effect of Clostridium difficile toxin B on actin in vivo and in vitro (1987)

We describe a simplified procedure for purification of Clostridium difficile toxin B. In this procedure, cytotoxicity is associated with a single protein band with a molecular mass of 230 kilodaltons. We used direct fluorescent staining of actin filaments to study the effect of this toxin on cultured cells. Morphologic changes were preceded by a decrease in the number and length of stress fibers followed by their disappearance with condensation of cellular actin around the nucleus. We then showed that cells treated with either cytochalasin B or toxin B had a significant increase in the monomeric actin pool as quantitated by DNase I inhibition. In contrast to the cytochalasins, toxin B had no direct effect on the rate or extent of actin polymerization or network formation in vitro. Cytoplasmic extracts of toxin B-treated cells had a significantly lower level of modulating activity on actin assembly and interactions in vitro compared with extracts of untreated cells. These results suggest that the action of toxin B on cells is due to direct or indirect effects on cellular proteins involved in controlling the state of actin assembly in the cells.
Structural Studies of Chelirubine and Chelilutine Free Bases (1998)

The structures of chelirubine and chelilutine free bases have been examined by 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Chelirubine chloride ( 1a ) upon treatment with Na 2 CO 3 yielded free base which possessed the constitution of bis(5,6-dihydrochelirubin-6-yl) ether ( 2a ). The free base of chelilutine ( 1b ) was determined to be bis(5,6-dihydrochelilutin-6-yl) ether ( 2b ). The aqueous NH 3 treatment of chelilutine ( 1b ) produced bis(5,6-dihydrochelilutin-6-yl)amine ( 3b ). 6-Hydroxy-5,6-dihydrochelirubine ( 4a ) and 6-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrochelilutine ( 4b ) were detected only in CDCl 3 solution by NMR spectroscopy. In CDCl 3 , the compound 2b underwent hydrolysis to 4b that was immediately followed by the reverse condensation to a diastereomer of 2b . Pseudokinetics of this reaction was followed by NMR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations were carried out to support the suggested type of molecular symmetry alteration. The known alkaloid dihydrochelirubine ( 5 ) was isolated for the first time from Sanguinaria canadensis .
Simple patterning of spray-deposited Y-Ba-Cu-O films (1988)

A new patterning method suitable for spray-deposited Y-Ba-Cu-O films has been demonstrated. The method is a single-step process, based on the application of metal stencil masks to define a desired pattern. Lines less than 50 mu m wide, with superconducting properties identical to these of unpatterned films, have been successfully deposited.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of Atropisomeric 1,1′‐Binaphthyls via Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Irradiation Induced Growth and Microstructure Evolution of Zr-1.2Sn-1Nb-0.4Fe Under Neutron Irradiation to High Doses (1999)

Zirconium alloy components subjected to long-term operation and high doses in thermal reactors need to be highly irradiation resistant to provide integrity of components, primarily, their geometrical sizes. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis used to investigate thin foils and extraction replicas of irradiated zirconium, Zr-1Nb (E110) and Zr-1.2Sn-1Nb-0.4Fe (E635) alloys allowed us to analyze the evolution of their microstructure under neutron irradiation. The experimental irradiations that were conducted at 350°C to 1027 n/m2 (E ≥ 0.1 MeV) show that the most irradiation resistant alloy proved to be a multicomponent E635 alloy. It is not essentially subject to growth. Dislocation structure and phase composition were studied as interrelated to different stages of irradiation induced growth. The accelerated growth correlates with a high density of basal — plane 〈c〉-component dislocations.