gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Satellite communications relay system using a retrodirective space antenna (1964)

A system has been developed for relaying messages via a satellite between earth points. In this system, messages transmitted to a satellite modulate a retrodirective antenna. Earth stations receive messages by irradiating the satellite antenna. Methods of modulating the retrodirective array are discussed with emphasis on methods to facilitate communications among several ground stations. There are advantages in spectrum usage and sharing with surface facilities. System design parameters are presented. Minimal power is required in the satellite as compared to the active communications satellites. Extremely high reliability is inherent in the design of the satellite electronic system, which can be made entirely from solid-state components.
Use of Multivariate Statistical Analysis in the Modelling of Chromatographic Processes (2005)

This paper proposes a method currently under development that uses a combination of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) modelling and graphical representation techniques to rapidly develop and optimise chromatographic separations. PCA is used to extract key characteristics from a separation and modelling is then based on the relationships of these characteristics. In the proposed method a set of lab experiments are analysed by PCA to define the key characteristics and the relationships and further runs are generated from this. Utilising PCA and a small set of large scale runs the modelled data can then be scaled up to the larger scale. The data is analysed using graphical techniques to quickly identify operating conditions offering the best compromise between yield and purity and the optimum operating conditions are chosen from this. The PCA modelling allows for a large number of potential operating conditions to be generated in a small time frame using limited lab time and material and the use Analysis of the data using the graphical techniques can be used to rapidly highlight the optimum operating conditions.
Comprehensive Study on Chip-Integrated Germanium Pin Photodetectors for Energy-Efficient Silicon Interconnects (2019)

Optical interconnects are promising alternatives to copper-based wirings in on-chip communications. Recent advances in integrated group-IV nanophotonics should address a range of challenges related with speed, energy consumption, and cost. Monolithically integrated germanium pin photodetectors on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides are indispensable devices in this buoyant research field. Here, we comprehensively investigate the opto-electrical properties of hetero-structured pin photodetectors. All photodetectors were fabricated on top of 200-mm SOI substrates using industrial-scale semiconductor manufacturing processes. Under a low-bias voltage supply of 1 V, pin photodetectors exhibit dark-currents from 5 nA to 100 nA, dark current densities from 0.404 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> to 0.808 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , responsivities in a range of 0.17 A/W to 1.16 A/W, and cut-off frequencies from 7 GHz to 35 GHz, respectively. Such achievements make them promising for use in power-efficient optical links operating at 40 Gbps, with a device energy dissipation of only few fJ per bit.
Mechanical Strength and Interface Adhesion of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with Doped Ceria Electrolyte (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Laser balloon angioplasty: Effect of exposure duration on shear strength of welded layers of postmortem human aorta (1988)

Laser Balloon Angioplasty (LBA) is a technique that may improve the results of balloon angioplasty by thermally sealing arterial dissections and reducing elastic recoil. To define the relationship between laser-exposure duration and the strength of thermal welds made between separated layers of arterial wall, 360 1-cm discs of human postmortem aorta were lased for six different exposure intervals at three different temperature ranges, comparing shear strength of thermal welds in the different groups. Twenty discs were lased to achieve plateau adventitial temperatures of 95 degrees C-104 degrees C (group A), 105 degrees C-114 degrees C (group B), or 115 degrees C-124 degrees C (group C) at each of the exposure periods (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 sec). A 400-micron fiberoptic coupled to a 1.06 micron continuous wave neodymium:YAG laser was placed perpendicularly 8 mm above the luminal surface of each disc, which had been split midway between the intimal and adventitial surface and reapposed. Mean laser energy ranged 78-378 J delivered in a decremental stepwise fashion to achieve quickly and maintain the target plateau tissue temperature. Mean weld strength increased in relation to both achieved tissue temperature and laser-exposure duration, with at least 10 sec necessary, at temperatures greater than 95 degrees C, for reliable thermal welding. Laser exposure for greater than 20 sec provided no statistical increment in weld strength. In the anticipated clinical performance of LBA, these data suggest that when thermal fusion of disrupted arterial tissues is desired, a laser-exposure duration of 10-20 sec is optimal.
pH stability of individual folates during critical sample preparation steps in prevision of the analysis of plant folates (2007)

The stability and eventual interconversion of nine mono-glutamate folates (5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate, tetrahydrofolate, 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, dihydrofolate, 10-formylfolic acid, 10-formyltetrahydrofolate and folic acid) during the typical sample preparation steps (heat treatment for 10 min at 100 degrees C and incubation for 2 h at 37 degrees C) at different pH values have been investigated by LC-MS/MS. An LC-MS/MS method with isotopically labelled [(13)C(5)]5-methyltetrahydrofolate and [(13)C(5)] folic acid as internal standards has been developed with enhanced sensitivity using a Chromolith RP-18 column. 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate, folic acid and 10-formylfolic acid are relatively stable at different pHs (from 2 to 10) with and without heat treatment. Tetrahydrofolate shows instability at low pH. 5-Formyltetrahydrofolate and 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate can interconvert by changes in pH. Tetrahydrofolate and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate can interconvert with formaldehyde or by changes in pH. Incubation at 37 degrees C for 2 h is much less aggressive for most folates as compared with heat treatment at 100 degrees C. At 37 degrees C most folates are stable at pH values between 4 and 8 except tetrahydrofolate and dihydrofolate, which are degraded at low pH. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate cannot be quantified in the present method because these compounds are converted to 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate and tetrahydrofolate, respectively, in the acidic mobile phase. This study provides useful information for the analysis of folates in the future as well as for the interpretation of quantitative results from earlier work.
Scaling analysis of the coupled heat transfer process in the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor core (1986)

The differential equations representing the coupled heat transfer from the solid nuclear core components to the helium in the coolant channels are scaled in terms of representative quantities. This scaling process identifies the relative importance of the various terms of the coupled differential equations. The relative importance of these terms is then used to simplify the numerical solution of the coupled heat transfer for two bounding cases of full-power operation and depressurization from full-system operating pressure for the Fort St. Vrain High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor. This analysis rigorously justifies the simplified system of equations used in the nuclear safety analysis effort at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Immunohistochemical evaluation of HER-2/neu expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (1996)

Although several morphological and molecular genetic studies have implicated various grades of pancreatic duct hyperplasia as precursor lesions to infiltrating pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the identity of preinvasive pancreatic neoplasms remains controversial. In the present study, the authors examined the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor homologue, HER-2/neu (c-erbB-2), in pancreatic duct lesions adjacent to infiltrating pancreas cancers in a series of 19 cases of pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma. HER-2/neu expression was examined because it has been identified in a proportion of infiltrating pancreas cancers and because it may provide early neoplasms with a growth advantage over adjacent nonneoplastic epithelium. In normal pancreatic ducts and ductules, HER-2/neu expression was absent in all but one case. By contrast, HER-2/neu was expressed in 82% (P = .008 vs normal ) of ducts with flat mucinous hyperplasia, 86% (P = .03 vs normal) of ducts with papillary mucinous hyperplasia without atypia, 92% (P = .001 vs normal) of ducts with atypical papillary mucinous hyperplasia, and all specimens with carcinoma in situ. HER-2/neu expression was observed in 69% (P = .002 vs normal) of the moderately differentiated infiltrating carcinomas and none of the poorly differentiated infiltrating carcinomas. These data establish HER-2/neu as a potential mediator of growth factor-related signal transduction in pancreatic duct lesions, and provide additional support for the hypothesis that lesions formerly regarded as various grades of hyperplasia instead may represent intraepithelial neoplasms with the potential for subsequent invasion and metastasis.
Design of A Generic CELP Architecture (2002)

Modern mobile communications require optimum bandwidth utilization with minimum loss, delay and good quality of speech transmission. This triggered the usage of low bit rate voice Codecs among which CELP Codecs inherit the merits of both Waveform and Source codecs, like toll quality, low bit rate etc. In this paper an attempt has been made to form some special generic hardware blocks for the ITU G.729 standard (CS-ACELP, Conjugate Structure Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction) of 8Kbps bit rate CELP algorithm. This is aimed at overcoming the limitation of computational burden and also scaling this application for enhanced speed and extracting more number of channels.
Dominance of traditional cardiovascular risk factors over renal function in predicting arterial stiffness in subjects with chronic kidney disease (2009)

Although eGFR may independently predict PWV, the contribution of GFR per se does not appear to be clinically meaningful when compared with traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
Sparsity-promoting iterative learning control for resource-constrained control systems (2017)

We propose novel iterative learning control algorithms to track a reference trajectory in resource-constrained control systems. In many applications, there are constraints on the number of control actions, delivered to the actuator from the controller, due to the limited bandwidth of communication channels or battery-operated sensors and actuators. We devise iterative learning techniques that create sparse control sequences with reduced communication and actuation instances while providing sensible reference tracking precision. Numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
What you look at is what you control: a universal remote control based on gaze measurement technology (2005)

Nowadays, every home appliance has its own remote control. However this is inefficient since we have to use multiple remote controls even when we just want to turn on/off them. In this paper, we propose a simple and intuitive interface called "a gaze-based universal remote control" based on the gaze measurement technology. The concept of the interface is "what you look at is what you control" which enables you to control multiple appliances using one device such as a mouse connected to the computer. The feasibility of the proposed interface is confirmed through experiments using a prototype system.
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Antagonists (2003)

The rationale for developing platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antagonists as antithrombotic agents for use in ischemic cardiovascular disease emerged from integrating data obtained in the early 1980s by many different investigators working in diverse fields. The data were, however, often controversial or fragmentary, or required extrapolation to human disease from in vitro systems or animals models. Thus, for those who are considering embarking on a similar adventure in drug development, it is important to emphasize that until efficacy and safety was established for these agents in well-controlled, large clinical trials, many individuals remained skeptical about the potential benefits and safety of this approach.
Perceptual Effects of Laser-Based HUDs (2012)

This paper compares the readability and color performance of LED- and laser-based head-up displays (HUDs) for various ambient light conditions. Using formal color models with reference to automotive standards, it is shown that HUDs employing laser sources exhibit superior performance in terms of readability and chromaticity compared to TFT-LCD systems based on white or RGB LEDs.
Composition of Hydration Products (1964)

前報では,種々の水和反応温度でそれぞれの水和過程および水和生成物,水和物をX線回折,熱天秤分析および化学分析によって調べた結果を報告した。本報では,X線回折,示差熱分析および赤外線吸収スペクトルなどの手段によって完全水和生成物,完全水和物試料の組成につき検討を試みた。そこで, 50,80および100℃の水和反応で得られた試料につきX 線回折図の変化を検討し, さらに示差熱分析によって加熱変化の機構を調べた。一方,完全水和物が新しい結晶性の物質であるとの知見を得るため,赤外吸収スペクトルの測定を行なった。その結果,完全水和物は新しい化合物で結晶性の物質であることが明らかになった。また加熱による脱水反応から相変化を容易に生じ新しい結晶構造を示すことを知った。なお,完全水和物と完全水和生成物の脱水機構は異なっており,それは遊離水酸化カルシウムの影響によることが確められた。赤外吸収スペクトルにはこの構成成分である原試料(2CaO・PbO2)に認められない幾つかの特性吸収帯が現われることを観測した。
Imaging of patients with pancreaticobiliary diversion for obesity: post-operative anatomy and findings in small bowel obstruction (1996)

Pancreaticobiliary diversion is a surgical procedure undertaken for obesity. It consists of a distal gastrectomy with a long Roux-en-Y reconstruction, the enteroenterostomy being placed 200 cm distal to the gastroenterostomy and 50 cm proximal to the ileocaecal valve. Three intestinal limbs are recognized: (a) the alimentary loop from the gastroenterostomy to the enteroenterostomy; (b) common loop from the enteroenterostomy to the ileocaecal valve and (c) pancreaticobiliary loop from the duodenum to the enteroenterostomy. The radiological findings in 15 pancreaticobiliary diversion patients with small bowel obstruction were reviewed (15 plain abdominal radiographs, 13 ultrasound (US), 8 CT) and compared with 20 plain abdominal radiographs, 10 US, and 10 CT studies performed for other causes in patients with pancreaticobiliary diversion and 15 CT scans from non-operated patients. After pancreaticobiliary diversion the pancreaticobiliary loop was completely air-free. In the patients operated on more than 1 year previously, alimentary and common loops were significantly larger than the pancreaticobiliary loop and small bowel loops of non-operated subjects. Obstruction of the pancreaticobiliary loop arrests only the flow of pancreaticobiliary secretions with non-specific clinical findings. Plain abdominal radiographs were not diagnostic in all but two cases with radiographically detectable dilated fluid filled loops. Air-fluid levels were never apparent. US and CT showed markedly dilatated intestinal loops and duodenum. Obstruction of the alimentary and common loops presented with symptoms, clinical signs, and radiological findings more typical for bowel obstruction in intact subjects.
Key Aspects of Catalyst Design for the Selective Oxidation of Paraffins (1996)

Abstract This review examines some aspects in the development of heterogenous catalysts for the oxyfunctionalization of light paraffins. Particular attention is devoted to the raction of paraffin oxydehydrogenation to olefins and of n-butane oxidation to maleic anhydride. Most catalyst compositions are based on vanadium oxide as the main component, and the peculiar properties of this element with respect to the catalytic performance are discussed. These properties are also examined in ligh of the stability of the product of partial oxidation towards consecutive unselective oxidation reactions, and with respect to the mechanism of paraffin activation.
The impact of Wolbachia infection on the rate of vertical transmission of dengue virus in Brazilian Aedes aegypti (2017)

Our data support the idea that vertical transmission of DENV is rare in nature, even in the absence of Wolbachia. Indeed, we observed that vertical transmission rates were low even when the midgut barrier was bypassed, which might help to explain why we only observed a trend towards lower vertical transmission rates in the presence of Wolbachia. Nevertheless, the low prevalence of disseminated DENV infection and lower DENV load in the ovaries supports the hypothesis that the presence of Wolbachia in Ae. aegypti would have an effect on the vertical transmission of DENV in the field.
Somatostatin Regulation of Glycoprotein Hormone and Free Subunit Secretion in Clinically Nonfunctioning and Somatotroph Adenomas<i>in Vitro</i>* (1991)

There is increasing evidence that clinically nonfunctioning pituitary tumors produce and secrete glycoprotein hormone and/or free alpha- and beta-subunits. In addition, hypersecretion of free alpha-subunit occurs in up to 37% of patients with somatotroph adenomas. An understanding of glycoprotein hormone regulation is important in developing effective therapeutic strategies for patients with tumors associated with intact glycoprotein hormone and free subunit hypersecretion. We investigated glycoprotein hormone and free subunit secretion by somatostatin in primary dispersed cultures of pituitary tumor cells from 23 patients with pituitary adenomas. Fifteen tumors from patients with clinically nonfunctioning adenomas (group 1) and 8 tumors from patients with somatotroph adenomas and cosecretion of alpha-subunit (group 2) were studied. Cultures were incubated with control or somatostatin-supplemented media for 24 h. Media samples from group 1 tumors were assayed for intact glycoprotein hormones and free alpha- and beta-subunits secretion levels, while media samples from group 2 cultures were assayed for alpha-subunit and GH secretion levels. Significant (P less than 0.05-0.001) inhibition of secretion of 1 or more intact hormones and/or free subunits was found in 10 of the 15 group 1 tumors. SRIF[10(-7) M] suppressed intact gonadotropin secretion in 60% of FSH-producing tumors and 30% of LH-producing tumors. Media concentrations of FSH beta and LH beta were decreased in 31% and 50% of group 1 tumors, respectively, following somatostatin treatment in those tumors which secreted free beta-subunits. alpha-Subunit was secreted by 12 of the 15 tumors, but significant (P less than 0.02-0.01) inhibition by somatostatin was observed in only 2 tumors. In contrast, significant (P less than 0.05-0.001) inhibition of alpha-subunit in the somatotroph adenomas was found in 6 of the 8 tumors. Significant decreases in alpha-subunit were observed only in those tumors where GH was also significantly inhibited by somatostatin. We conclude that 1) somatostatin inhibits intact glycoprotein or free subunit secretion in the majority of clinically nonfunctioning pituitary tumors in vitro and 2) alpha-subunit secretion is suppressed in 17% and 69% of clinically nonfunctioning and somatotroph adenomas, respectively, consistent with a differential regulation of alpha-subunit by somatostatin in these two tumor types.
Cry from the Cotton: The Southern Tenant Farmers' Union and the New Deal (1971)

A study of the biracial movement of sharecroppers who in the 1930s stirred the national conscience to their plight of poverty and servitude.
The Addition of 7.5% Glucose Does Not Alter the Neurotoxicity of 5% Lidocaine Administered Intrathecally in the Rat (1995)

BACKGROUND: Recent reports of major and minor neurologic sequelae after spinal anesthesia have generated concern regarding the safety of some currently used intrathecal agents. The role of glucose, if any, in neurotoxic injury associated with spinal anesthesia is not known. The current experiments sought to determine whether the presence of 7.5% glucose alters the neurotoxicity of intrathecally administered 5% lidocaine.

METHODS: Two experiments were performed. First, 48 rats were implanted with an intrathecal catheter and randomly divided into eight equal groups. Each animal received a single intrathecal infusion of 5% lidocaine (groups P1-P4) or 5% lidocaine with 7.5% glucose (G1-G4) for 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 h at a rate of 1 microliter/min. Sensory function was assessed using the tail-flick test; a deficit was defined as a complete lack of response to the heat stimulus at the proximal, mid or distal portion of the tail persisting 4 days after the infusion. In the second experiment, 60 rats were randomly divided into two groups to receive a 1-h intrathecal infusion of 5% lidocaine or 5% lidocaine with 7.5% glucose. Animals were evaluated for increase in the latency of the tail-flick reflex 4 days after infusion.

RESULTS: In the first experiment, the two lidocaine solutions produced similar dose-dependent loss of sensory function. In the second experiment, the two solutions induced similar alterations in tail-flick latency.

CONCLUSIONS: The presence of 7.5% glucose does not affect the potential of intrathecally administered 5% lidocaine to induce sensory impairment. These findings provide further support for the hypothesis that recent injuries after spinal anesthesia resulted from a direct neurotoxic effect of the local anesthetic.
Immunological skin testing and interpretation. A plea for uniformity (1979)

Immunological skin tests are one of the major methods used for the assessment of one's immune status. A review of the literature clearly reveals that there is no uniform methods for the administration and interpretation of skin tests. Without uniformity, it is obvious that data are not comparable. Contradictory conclusions may be reached from the same skin test data, depending upon the method of interpretation used. Precedent, rather than rationale, has often determined the method of interpretation. There are studies which suggest that slight induration or erythema, often considered negative, are significant immunologic events. The various methods of skin test administration and interpretation are reviewed. Recommendations for application and interpretation are presented so that uniformity may exist.