gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic Reliability of AlOx-Based Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (2006)

We present a detailed investigation into the intrinsic tunnel barrier reliability in AlOx-based magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) as a function of aluminum thickness and oxidation time. The intrinsic reliability is measured as the ramped breakdown voltage <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(V _ bd)$</tex> at room temperature for both positive and negative polarity. We find that <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$ V_ bd$</tex> generally increases with the resistance-area (RA) product of the MTJ. While this dependence is quite strong at low RA, it gradually weakens for higher RA. At fixed RA, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$V_ bd$</tex> also depends on the original Al film thickness with better properties for thicker Al. Finally, we observe a polarity dependence of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$V_ bd$</tex> which changes sign as the MTJ goes from thin Al to thick Al. We attribute the polarity dependence to the different quality of the top and bottom interfaces and conclude that the interface emitting the tunneling electrons primarily governs the barrier reliability.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Indoles. Part 53. The First Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐ Chanoclavine‐I Acid (Ia) and an Alternative Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐ Chanoclavine‐I (Ib). (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Density Functional Theory Study of the Role of Anions on the Oxidative Decomposition Reaction of Propylene Carbonate (2011)

The oxidative decomposition mechanism of the lithium battery electrolyte solvent propylene carbonate (PC) with and without PF(6)(-) and ClO(4)(-) anions has been investigated using the density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d) level. Calculations were performed in the gas phase (dielectric constant ε = 1) and employing the polarized continuum model with a dielectric constant ε = 20.5 to implicitly account for solvent effects. It has been found that the presence of PF(6)(-) and ClO(4)(-) anions significantly reduces PC oxidation stability, stabilizes the PC-anion oxidation decomposition products, and changes the order of the oxidation decomposition paths. The primary oxidative decomposition products of PC-PF(6)(-) and PC-ClO(4)(-) were CO(2) and acetone radical. Formation of HF and PF(5) was observed upon the initial step of PC-PF(6)(-) oxidation while HClO(4) formed during initial oxidation of PC-ClO(4)(-). The products from the less likely reaction paths included propanal, a polymer with fluorine and fluoro-alkanols for PC-PF(6)(-) decomposition, while acetic acid, carboxylic acid anhydrides, and Cl(-) were found among the decomposition products of PC-ClO(4)(-). The decomposition pathways with the lowest barrier for the oxidized PC-PF(6)(-) and PC-ClO(4)(-) complexes did not result in the incorporation of the fluorine from PF(6)(-) or ClO(4)(-) into the most probable reaction products despite anions and HF being involved in the decomposition mechanism; however, the pathway with the second lowest barrier for the PC-PF(6)(-) oxidative ring-opening resulted in a formation of fluoro-organic compounds, suggesting that these toxic compounds could form at elevated temperatures under oxidizing conditions.
The effects of Teflon injection on laryngeal dynamics (2005)

The dynamics of vocal fold vibration provide an objective means of evaluating the phonatory characteristics of individuals with laryngeal disorders. Glottal onset, pitch perturbation, and amplitude variation are analyzed prior to and after Teflon injection of the vocal folds in instances of unilateral vocal fold paralysis. This procedure permits a more precise determination of the potential benefit which may be derived from the operation, and may lead to an improved understanding of the relationship between the surgical treatment and subsequent phonatory capabilities of the patient.
Las SVA en la legislación actual : estudio teológico-jurídico. Posibilidades de iure condendo (2016)

espanolLas SVA, que se encuentran ubicadas en el Libro II, parte III del CIC. Existe un gran desconocimiento, incluso confusion, respecto a su naturaleza y ubicacion. Asi, la profundizacion en el estudio de las SVA es un camino abierto a la investigacion juridica actual. Pretendemos en este trabajo profundizar en ellas, porque, lo conseguido hasta ahora ?es un punto de llegada, o no sera, por el contrario, un punto de arranque, un inicio hacia espacios juridicos que satisfagan mejor nuevos tiempos de instituciones eclesiales? Propondremos (posibilidades de iure condendo), caminos, dentro de las opciones juridicas existentes en la Iglesia que se puedan ajustar mejor a los carismas, que optimicen las inquietudes de los fundadores de algunas SVA. Espacios juridicos donde pueden cumplir mejor su fin, crecer, desarrollarse y vivir su razon de ser eclesial. Nuestra conclusion es que algunas SVA pueden transitar y convertirse en ASOCIACIONES PUBLICAS DE FIELES CLERICALES INTERNACIONALES. Los elementos constitutivos de una Asociacion Publica Clerical son: 1.Es una institucion sacerdotal: esta formada por sacerdotes que no desean ser otra cosa que sacerdotes, destinados a vivir desde el sacerdocio con un carisma eclesial. 2.Con las normas minimas indispensables para el correcto funcionamiento de la institucion, aunque sostenidos y animados por la vida fraterna y por una direccion comun que exige el compromiso de la obediencia. 3.Estos elementos, se unen a un objeto fundamental o carisma institucional. EnglishThe APOSTOLIC LIFE SOCIETY, which are located in Book II, part III of the CIC. There is great ignorance, even confusion, regarding its nature and location. Thus, deepening the study of is a path open to current legal research. In this work we intend to deepen in them, because what has been achieved so far is a point of arrival, or will it not be, on the contrary, a starting point, a beginning to legal spaces that better satisfy new times of ecclesial institutions ?. We will propose (possibilities of iure condendo), ways, within the existing legal options in the Church that can be better adjusted to the charisms, that optimize the concerns of the founders of some APOSTOLIC LIFE SOCIETY. Legal spaces where they can better fulfill their purpose, grow, develop and live their reason for being ecclesial. Our conclusion is that some APOSTOLIC LIFE SOCIETY may transit and be covered in PUBLIC ASSOCIATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL CLERICAL FAITHFUL. The constituent elements of a Public Association Clericalson: 1. It is a priestly institution: it consists of priests who wish to be nothing other than priests, destined to live from the priesthood with an ecclesial charism. 2. With the minimum standards indispensable for the proper functioning of the institution, although sustained and encouraged by fraternal life and by a common direction that requires the commitment of obedience. 3. These elements, are united to a fundamental object or institutional charisma
Vanadium Doped Mg1.03Mn0.97SiO4 Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries (2012)

Vanadium doped Mg1.03–0.5xMn0.97–xVxSiO4 (x = 0, 0.034, 0.069 and 0.134) materials were synthesized by a high temperature solid-state method. The crystal structure and morphology were characterized by XRD and SEM measurements and the results demonstrated that V ion dopant does not affect the structure of Mg1.03Mn0.97SiO4 and particle size decreases with increasing vanadium amount. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of Mg1.03–0.5xMn0.97–xVxSiO4 materials as rechargeable magnesium battery cathodes was compared by cyclic voltammetry, AC impedance and direct current charge-discharge techniques. The vanadium doped materials exhibit improved electrochemical performance with lower polarization for magnesium de-intercalation and intercalation, larger discharge capacity and higher discharge flat plateau compared with that of pure Mg1.03Mn0.97SiO4. At a rate of 0.01 C (3.14 mA/g), 140 mAh/g discharge capacity and 1.65 V (vs. Mg) discharge voltage plateau can be reached for Mg1.03–0.5xMn0.97–xVxSiO4 with x = 0.069, compared with 40 mAh/g discharge capacity and 1.62 V (vs. Mg) discharge voltage plateau for pure Mg1.03Mn0.97SiO4.
Substituted benzylidenemalononitriles and some related tributylphosphine adducts (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituted benzylidenemalononitriles and some related tributylphosphine adductsDaniel A. Scola and John Samuel Adams Jr.Cite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1970, 15, 2, 349–351Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60045a012https://doi.org/10.1021/je60045a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Uplink user capacity in a CDMA macrocell with a hotspot microcell: exact and approximate analyses (2003)

This paper studies the number of voice users (user capacity) supported on the uplink of a single-macrocell/single-microcell code-division multiple-access system. A "hotspot" microcell is embedded within a larger macrocell and operates over the same bandwidth as the larger cell. Analytic methods are presented for computing user capacity which account for propagation loss, multiple-access interference, power control, and random locations of user terminals, as well as two distinct methods by which users select base stations (tiers). Along with the exact user capacity, a technique for making accurate approximations is also presented. Simulation results verify both the exact and approximate analytical methods. This simulation is also employed to study the capacity gains of a third, more optimal, tier-selection scheme. These results point to differences in capacity performance based on the tier-selection method, as well as on the traffic density within the hotspot region.
FDA LABA Warning: Is There Anything New Here? (2010)

The FDA advisory on long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) is not based on new data but on ongoing safety concerns about this class of medication. Not to be ignored are the potential safety risks of short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs).
Writing refractive index gratings in perspex and polymer optical fibres using femto-second laser irradiation (2002)

Periodic refractive index structures have been written in un-doped PMMA using multiple pulses of 40fs duration from a 1 kHz Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser operating at the fundamental (800nm). A refractive index change (Δn) of 5±0.5×10–4 was observed before the onset of striations.
GRP78 is a novel receptor initiating endothelial barrier protective response to oxidized phospholipids (2014)

Vascular integrity or the maintenance of blood vessel continuity is a fundamental process maintained through endothelial cell-cell junctions. Defects in endothelial barrier function are an initiating factor in several disease processes including atherosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion, tumor angiogenesis, cancer metastasis, diabetes, sepsis and acute lung injury. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of endothelial barrier enhancement can provide novel therapeutic strategies. We have previously reported that oxidized phospholipids promote endothelial cell (EC) barrier enhancement both in vitro and in vivo . In this study, we examined the initiating mechanistic events triggered by oxidized phospholipids (OxPAPC) to increase vascular integrity. Our novel data indicate that OxPAPC directly binds to the cell membrane localized chaperone protein, GRP78, associated with its cofactor, HTJ1. We found that plasma membrane localization of GRP78 is essential for trafficking of the barrier protective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P-R1) to caveolin-enriched microdomains (CEM) and consequent activation of S1P-R1, Src and Fyn tyrosine kinases and recruitment of Rac1 to CEM, processes essential for actin cytoskeletal reorganization and EC barrier enhancement. Using an animal model of acute lung injury with vascular hyper-permeability, we observed that vascular silencing of HTJ blocked OxPAPC protection from ventilator-induced lung injury and vascular leak. Our data demonstrate an essential role of GRP78 and HTJ as a bona fide receptor complex triggering the OxPAPC-mediated CEM dynamics and enhancement of vascular integrity. Sources of funding: HL076259, HL087823.
Proteins: from Chemical to Physiological Mechanism: 26 October 2001 (2002)

The Molecular Enzymology Group of the Biochemical Society held a special 1-day meeting at the Royal Society on ‘Proteins: from Chemical to Physiological Mechanism’. The aim of the meeting was to inform and stimulate discussion on kinetic approaches to the life sciences by bringing together work on dynamic aspects of protein function. The meeting also honoured Professor H. (Freddie) Gutfreund, FRS, on his 80th birthday. Professor Gutfreund persuaded the Executive Committee of the Society to found the Molecular Enzymology Group, the first sub-group of the Society. His view of the strategic value in encouraging like-minded biochemists to interact has done much to provide the critical mass necessary for sustaining excellence in the various sub-disciplines of biochemistry.
An affective guide robot in a shopping mall (2009)

To explore possible robot tasks in daily life, we developed a guide robot for a shopping mall and conducted a field trial with it. The robot was designed to interact naturally with customers and to affectively provide shopping information. It was also designed to repeatedly interact with people to build a rapport; since a shopping mall is a place people repeatedly visit, it provides the chance to explicitly design a robot for multiple interactions. For this capability, we used RFID tags for person identification. The robot was semi-autonomous, partially controlled by a human operator, to cope with the difficulty of speech recognition in a real environment and to handle unexpected situations.
Growth hormone rapidly activates insulin-like growth factor I gene transcription in vivo. (1992)

Many of the growth-promoting properties of GH are mediated by insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), a highly conserved circulating 70-amino acid peptide. Recent studies have shown that multiple mechanisms influence IGF-I gene expression, including transcription from two promoters, alternative RNA splicing, and variable polyadenylation. In order to determine how GH regulates IGF-I gene expression we have analyzed the response of hypophysectomized rats to a single ip injection of recombinant GH. A rise in hepatic IGF-I mRNA was detected within 2 h of GH treatment, with peak values of more than 15-fold above untreated animals by 4 h, and a decline by 16 h. A coordinate increase was seen in all IGF-I mRNA splicing and polyadenylation variants, indicating that neither alternative RNA processing nor differential poly A addition were altered by GH. Transcription run-on experiments using isolated hepatic nuclei and direct analysis of nuclear RNA demonstrated a rise in nascent IGF-I mRNA within 30 min of GH treatment, with peak levels reaching more than 10-fold above background by 2 h and declining by 6 h. As determined by RNase protection assays, transcripts directed by each promoter were coordinately and equivalently activated after GH. A single GH-responsive DNase I hypersensitive site was mapped in chromatin to the second IGF-I intron. This site exhibited rapid kinetics of induction which mirrored the pattern of transcriptional stimulation after GH treatment. These experiments show that GH enhances IGF-I expression in vivo by predominantly transcriptional mechanisms. The rapid kinetics of IGF-I gene activation and the temporally associated chromatin changes demonstrate a direct link between a GH-dependent signal transduction pathway and nuclear events.
Exploring Electrochemistry and Interface Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Cells with Li<sub>1.2</sub>Ni<sub>0.15</sub>Mn<sub>0.55</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub>Positive and Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>Negative Electrodes (2015)

Lithium-ion cells containing Li1.2Ni0.15Mn0.55Co0.1O2–based positive and Li4Ti5O12–based negative electrodes were electrochemically cycled in the 0.75–2.55 V and 0.75–3.15 V voltage windows. The maximum voltage of the Li1.2Ni0.15Mn0.55Co0.1O2 in the 0.75–2.55 V range is ∼4.1 V vs. Li/Li+, well below the oxide's "activation" plateau; in contrast, in the 0.75–3.15 V range the oxide potential at top of charge is ∼4.7 V vs. Li/Li+, beyond the activation plateau. Our results show that the discharge energy density decreases after 500 cycles from 154.2 to 147.8 mWh/g (∼4.1% reduction), and from 484.9 to 435.3 mWh/g (∼10.2% reduction), in the 0.75–2.55 V and the 0.75–3.15 V ranges, respectively. Almost all of this energy density decrease, in both cycling ranges, can be attributed to voltage fade in the Li1.2Ni0.15Mn0.55Co0.1O2 because cell capacity loss during cycling is small. An investigation of harvested electrolytes from cycled cells showed a noticeable, yet very small (ppb levels), increase in Mn, Ni and Co contents. In contrast, the content of these elements show a significant increase at the negative, indicating a preference for deposition at this electrode over accumulations in the electrolyte. In addition, XPS data showed significant amounts of organic and inorganic species at the negative electrode, which increased on cycling; this finding is consistent with previously reported data for Li4Ti5O12 electrodes. Surface films, containing products of electrolyte degradation, were also observed on the positive electrode. Although transition metal element dissolution occurs at this electrode, the loss of Mn, Ni and Co is not sufficient to significantly alter the oxide's composition and/or its capacity.
Flexible polymer with excluded volume at an interacting penetrable surface of variable dimension: a multiple-.epsilon. perturbation theory (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlexible polymer with excluded volume at an interacting penetrable surface of variable dimension: a multiple-.epsilon. perturbation theoryJack F. Douglas and Marios K. KosmasCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 5, 2412–2419Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00195a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00195a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An area efficient low offset autozero amplifier design (2009)

This paper presents a modification of the standard autozero (AZ) amplifier topology that requires less chip area for achieving high offset performances. To improve the charge injection effects on the residual offset voltage a high gain ratio between the signal path and offset compensation loop is implemented. The novelty of this design consists in the different two input pair topologies used.
Functional MOF coatings by electrochemical synthesis (2008)

While most efforts in MOF research have been focused on the synthesis and elucidation of new crystal structures, the potential of this new class of microporous solids is clear in areas such as gas storage, molecular separation, catalysis, etc. These applications are generally based on the use of MOFs as bulk powders. In order to fully exploit the potential of these new materials for membranes, sensors and integration with microelectronics, MOF crystals should preferably be grown as patterned thin films. Seeding methods as used for the growth of zeolite thin films prove difficult since stable colloidal solutions are not readily accessible for the majority of MOF structures. Most previous studies of MOF film growth rely on the surface affinity of either the metal ion or the organic ligand constituting the framework, while both building blocks are supplied from the synthesis solution. In our work, we demonstrate an electrochemical method for the preparation of densely packed MOF coatings on metallic substrates. This approach is based on supplying one MOF building block, the metal ion, by anodic dissolution to a solution that contains the organic ligand. This method differs fundamentally from all previously reported MOF coating procedures in that the growth is self-completing since one MOF building block is provided by the uncoated parts of the metal surface itself. This inherent difference ensures sealing of gaps in the film and confining growth strictly to an outlined metallic pattern. The concept above is illustrated by growing the well known MOF structure [Cu3(BTC)2] on pure and patterned copper electrodes. Moreover, the application of these coatings in sensing devices is conceptualized by monitoring the adsorption of water vapor in the [Cu3(BTC)2] layer. Ultimately, the proposed electrochemical method opens perspectives on sensors comprising several closely spaced regions coated with different MOF structures to achieve selective detection based on different sorption selectivities.