gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Antisense Peptide Nucleic Acid to Platelet-Derived Growth Factor A-Chain on Growth of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (2003)

To investigate antisense peptide nucleic acid (PNA) as a gene therapy for the arterial proliferative diseases, the authors designed and examined the effects of an antisense PNA targeting platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A-chain on expression of PDGF A-chain and growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats. A 15-mer antisense PNA complementary to the initiation codon of rat and human PDGF A-chain mRNA was synthesized and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Gel-shift assay and biomolecular interaction analysis (BIAcore) revealed that the antisense PNA bound weakly to the target RNA, whereas it bound strongly to the target DNA. Fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled antisense PNA to PDGF A-chain was taken up slowly and maintained in VSMCs for a prolonged period of time. Antisense PNA inhibited expression of PDGF A-chain mRNA and protein as well as DNA synthesis in VSMCs in a dose-independent manner. Inhibition of DNA synthesis by the antisense PNA was greater than that by the antisense DNA at a low concentration (0.5 micromol/L). These results suggest that antisense PNA to PDGF A-chain will be used as a gene therapy for vascular proliferative diseases such as hypertensive vascular diseases, restenosis of coronary arteries after angioplasty, and atherosclerosis.
Effect of Object Width on Muscle and Joint Forces During Thumb–Index Finger Grasping (2011)

The objective of this study was to identify the impact of modifying the object width on muscle and joint forces while gripping objects. The experimental protocol consisted to maintain horizontally five objects of different widths (3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, and 7.5 cm) with a thumb-index finger grip. Subjects were required to grasp spontaneously the object without any instruction regarding the grip force (GF) to apply. A biomechanical model of thumb-index finger pinch was developed to estimate muscle and joint forces. This model included electromyography, fingertip force, and kinematics data as inputs. The finger joint postures and the GF varied across the object widths. The estimated muscle forces also varied significantly according to the object width. Interestingly, we observed that the muscle force/GF ratios of major flexor muscles remain particularly stable with respect to the width whereas other muscle ratios differed largely. This may argue for a control strategy in which the actions of flexors were preserved in spite of change in joint postures. The estimated joint forces tended to increase with object width and increased in the distal-proximal sense. Overall, these results are of importance for the ergonomic design of handheld objects and for clinical applications.
Generalized Performance Analysis of Adaptive PSAM-Based Transmit-Beamforming for Wireless MIMO systems (2006)

The impact of imperfect channel state information (CSI) on the performance of transmit-beamforming (TB) over multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) Rayleigh fading channels when using constant-power rate-adaptive pilot-symbol-assisted modulation (PSAM), is investigated. Specifically, imperfect CSI is accounted for with respect to both estimation and prediction errors. Such errors entail a mismatch between the optimal transmit and receive beamforming weight vectors and the constellation size for adaptive modulation as implied by the true CSI and the actual values of these parameters as determined according to the predicted CSI, thereby degrading the performance of the adaptive PSAM-based TB system. The compound effect of both estimation and prediction errors on the overall system performance is assessed in terms of the achievable average spectral efficiency, average bit error probability and outage probability, for which approximate closed-form expressions are derived for arbitrary numbers of transmit and receive antennas
Pathologic analysis of sentinel and nonsentinel lymph nodes in breast carcinoma (2000)

The distribution of occult and nonoccult metastases in axillary lymph nodes validates the sentinel lymph node hypothesis. In addition, pathology review of cases confirmed the authors' previously reported finding that the sentinel lymph nodes are predictive of the final axillary lymph node status. Occult metastatic disease is more likely to be identified in sentinel lymph nodes, allowing future studies to focus attention on one or a few sentinel lymph nodes. However, the relation between occult metastatic disease in sentinel lymph nodes, disease free survival, and overall survival must be evaluated prior to endorsing the intensive analysis of sentinel lymph nodes in routine practice. [See editorial on pages 971-7, this issue.]
Attentional performance of children with traumatic brain injury: A quantitative and qualitative analysis of digit span (1996)

Previous studies have indicated that digit span performance is not particularly sensitive to the effects of traumatic brain injury (Baddeley & Warrington, 1970; Brooks, 1975; Sterne, 1969). However, clinical lore posits poorer backward vs. forward performance compared to normals due to the greater attentional demands of the backward task. This study examined qualitative aspects of Digit Span performance including forward/backward span discrepancies and error patterns in children with traumatic brain injury ( n = 20) and normals ( n = 19). The hypothesis of greater forward/backward discrepancy with traumatic brain injury was not supported. Children with traumatic brain injury make a significantly greater number of preceiling errors than normals, consistent with other findings of increased performance variability. Preceiling errors are errors that occur in trials prior to the two failed trials, resulting in discontinuation of the task. In addition, cognitive correlates of error types, such as WISC-R factor scores, were significantly different between groups. The results of this study suggest that a more detailed analysis of performance on attentional tasks previously described as resilient to brain injury may shed further light on the nature of acquired attentional deficits.
Pattern of diabetic neuropathic arthropathy associated with the peripheral bone mineral density (2004)

The relationship between the bone mineral density (BMD) and Charcot arthropathy is unclear. Prospectively, 55 consecutive diabetic patients presenting with a Charcot arthropathy of the foot or ankle were classified as having a fracture, dislocation, or a combination fracture-dislocation pattern of initial destruction. In these groups we used dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to compare the peripheral bone of the affected and unaffected limbs. The clinical data relating to diabetes and related major comorbidities and the site of the arthropathy (ankle, hindfoot, midfoot, forefoot) were also compared. There were 23 patients with a fracture pattern, 23 with a dislocation pattern, and nine with a combination. The age-adjusted odds ratio for developing a Charcot joint with a fracture pattern as opposed to a dislocation pattern in patients with osteopenia was 9.5 (95% confidence interval 2.4 to 37.4; p = 0.0014). Groups also differed as to the site of the arthropathy. Fracture patterns predominated at the ankle and forefoot whereas dislocations did so in the midfoot. Diabetic Charcot arthropathy of the foot and ankle differs according to the pattern of the initial destruction. The fracture pattern is associated with peripheral deficiency of BMD. The dislocation pattern is associated with a normal BMD.
Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen zur Diagnostik von Gefäßverschlüssen der A. pulmonalis durch radioaktive Gold-Kohle-Suspension (1962)

Es wird eine Methode beschrieben, die es erlaubt, nach intravenöser Injektion einer radioaktiven GoldKohle-Suspension und Registrierung der Verteilung in der Lunge mittels Szintigramm lokale Ausfälle der Lungendurchblutung darzustellen. Die Autoren berichten über vorläufige Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen an Hunden. Die Entwicklungsmöglichkeit der Methode wird diskutiert.
Invasive Group-A Streptococcal Infection in an Allograft Recipient (2007)

Lee, Ellen H. MD; Ferguson, Dayna MD; Jernigan, Daniel MD, MPH; Greenwald, Melissa MD; Coté, Timothy MD; Bos, Jon E. MPH; Guarner, Jeannette MD; Zaki, Sherif MD, PhD; Schuchat, Anne MD; Beall, Bernard PhD; Srinivasan, Arjun MD Author Information
Generation of phonons from electrostriction in small-core optical waveguides (2013)

International audience
Porphyrin-annulene redox-related ligand pair. Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of the reduction products of the cobalt, copper, and nickel complexes of a tetraaza[16]annulene (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPorphyrin-annulene redox-related ligand pair. Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of the reduction products of the cobalt, copper, and nickel complexes of a tetraaza[16]annuleneNurhan Takvoryan, Keith Farmery, Vladimir Katovic, Frank V. Lovecchio, Ernest S. Gore, Larry B. Anderson, and Daryle H. BuschCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 3, 731–742Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00810a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00810a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views346Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Automatic History Matching Module with Distributed and Parallel Computing (2009)

Abstract The data assimilation process of adjusting variables in a reservoir simulation model to honor observations of field data is known as history matching and has been extensively studied for a few decades. However, limited success has been achieved due to the high complexity of the problem and the large computational effort required in the real fields. Successful applications of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to reservoir history matching have been reported in various publications. The EnKF is a sequential method: once new data are available, only these data are used to update all the unknown reservoir properties while previous geological information is unused directly. In this method, multiple reservoir models rather than one single model are implemented, and each model is called a member. Conventionally, the impact of each member on the updating is equally treated. Another approach is the weighted EnKF. During the updating, the method weighs the contribution of each member through the comparison between the simulation response and the measurements. Better matching performance has been found in the weighted EnKF than in the conventional EnKF. To improve computational efficiency, two-level high-performance computing for reservoir history matching process is implemented in this research, distributing ensemble members simultaneously while simulating each member in a parallel style. An automatic history-matching module based on the weighted EnKF and high-performance computing is developed and validated through a synthetic case operating from primary, waterflooding to flooding of water alternating with gas. The study shows that the weighted EnKF improves the matching results, and the high-performance computing process significantly reduces the history matching execution time.
Proteasome Inhibition in Alcoholic Liver Disease (2006)

Proteasome inhibition that develops in the liver of rats fed ethanol for 1 month is associated with an induction of CYP2E1. HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells transduced to express CYP2E1 (E47) have been shown to reduce proteasome catalytic activity (trypsin like activity) when the cells are exposed to arachidonic acid and iron (AA/Fe NTA). To determine the mechanism of proteasome inhibition due to ethanol feeding, E47 and the C34 control cells (cells treated with empty pC1 vector) were treated first with arachidonic acid (60 μM for 16 hrs), followed by Fe NAT (25 μM for 5 hrs), which was then followed by ethanol (100 mM for 24 hrs) in sealed culture plates. The cells were then washed and lysed to assay the proteasome activity. The results showed that the proteasome activity was significantly decreased in the treated E47 cells compared to the E47 control cells. There was no decrease in proteasome activity in the C34 treated cells, which were not transduced with the CYP2E1 gene. Since the inhibition of CYP2E1 was reported to decrease lipid peroxidation in the liver of rats fed ethanol, it was suspected that the level of 4‐HNE, an end product of lipid peroxidation, would be increased in the E47 treated cells. When these cells were analyzed by Western blot using an antibody to 4‐hydroxynonenal adduct (4‐HNE), HNE positive high and low molecular weight bands were detected in the E47 treated cells. No 4‐HNE adducts were detected in the E47 control cells or in the C34 treated control cells. These results suggest that CYP2E1 induction was responsible for the decrease in proteasome activity seen in the E47 treated cells, due to oxidative stress generated by the induction of CYP2E1 which metabolizes ethanol. Supported by NIH/NIAAA Grant 8116.
Natural bond orbital analysis of molecular interactions: Theoretical studies of binary complexes of HF, H2O, NH3, N2, O2, F2, CO, and CO2 with HF, H2O, and NH3 (1986)

The binary complexes of HF, H2O, NH3, N2, O2, F2, CO, and CO2 with HF, H2O, and NH3 have been studied by ab initio molecular orbital theory and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. Most of the complexes involving N2, O2, F2, CO, and CO2 are found to have both hydrogen-bonded and non-hydrogen-bonded structures. The NBO analysis provides a consistent picture of the bonding in this entire family of complexes in terms of charge transfer (CT) interactions, showing the close correlation of these interactions with the van der Waals penetration distance and dissociation energy of the complex. Contrary to previous studies based on the Kitaura–Morokuma analysis, we find a clear theoretical distinction between H-bonded and non-H-bonded complexes based on the strength of CT interactions. Charge transfer is generally stronger in H-bonded than in non-H-bonded complexes. It plays an intermediate role in non-H-bonded CO2 complexes which have been studied experimentally. However, the internal rotation barrier (1 kcal mol−1) of the H2O⋅⋅⋅CO2 complex is found to be primarily of electrostatic origin with only a small (π-type) CT contribution. The role of electrostatic interactions, effect of electron correlation, and comparison of theory with experiment are also discussed.
Diels—Alder Reactions with Pyridine o‐Quinodimethanes Generated from Pyridine Sulfolenes. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
P3I-2 Cavityless Wafer Level Packaging of SAW Devices (2007)

Original implementations of the solution to cavityless WLP by means of isolation of waves are discussed. Variants of waveguiding layer acoustic wave (WLAW) (similar to boundary and interface waves) and isolated layer acoustic wave (ILAW) together with Bragg mirror-like additional acoustical isolation are compared in modeling and experimentally. The structures include metal electrode patterns and subsequent layers. The first among these layers is a dielectric layer, usually SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (or Pyrex) that possesses temperature compensating properties, while the outer layers are formed with either metals or dielectrics. In order for the wave to be confined into the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> layer the stack of the outer layers may be formed in different ways. For implementation of the WLAW concept, the main feature of subsequent layers is the increased acoustical velocity in comparison to the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> layer. Thus the wave attenuates exponentially in the structure on both sides of the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> waveguiding core. The ILAW concept is based on the application of high acoustical impedance materials providing abrupt change in boundary conditions between the layers. Further improvement of acoustical isolation in this approach is effectuated by means of alternating several layers with low and high acoustical impedance.
Binding to EGF receptor of a laminin-5 EGF-like fragment liberated during MMP-dependent mammary gland involution (2003)

Extracellular matrix (ECM) fragments or cryptic sites unmasked by proteinases have been postulated to affect tissue remodeling and cancer progression. Therefore, the elucidation of their identities and functions is of great interest. Here, we show that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) generate a domain (DIII) from the ECM macromolecule laminin-5. Binding of a recombinant DIII fragment to epidermal growth factor receptor stimulates downstream signaling (mitogen-activated protein kinase), MMP-2 gene expression, and cell migration. Appearance of this cryptic ECM ligand in remodeling mammary gland coincides with MMP-mediated involution in wild-type mice, but not in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP-3)-deficient mice, supporting physiological regulation of DIII liberation. These findings indicate that ECM cues may operate via direct stimulation of receptor tyrosine kinases in tissue remodeling, and possibly cancer invasion.
&#x210B;<inf>2</inf> performance bounds for voltage regulation on a spatially-invariant DC power grid (2011)

Despite the importance of voltage regulation to operational reliability and safety of power grids, little is understood about how the topology of the physical layer, and the architecture of the communication and control layer impact the ability of the system to regulate the voltages. In this paper, we apply spatial-invariance analysis to develop analytical upper and lower bounds for the Hi gain of a DC power grid with respect to voltage regulation. These bounds establish a relation between network architecture and performance, and reveal fundamental limits to performance that cannot be overcome using feedback control.
Characteristics of the Prolactin Stimulation of Uridine Metabolism i n Mammary Gland Explants (1975)

Experiments were carried out to characterize the prolactin stimulation of labeled uridine uptake into mammary gland explants which were initially preincubated for 2 days in medium containing insulin plus hydrocortisone. Prolactin was found to enhance labeled uridine uptake after 4 h but not after 2 h when uridine concentrations ranging between 0.1 muM and 1 mM were tested. The effect of prolactin on labeled uridine uptake also appears to require ongoing RNA and protein synthesis since incubation with a variety of inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis abolished the prolactin effect. It was further discovered that prolactin stimulates the labeling of the cellular pools of the phosphorylated derivatives of uridine while the quantity of label present in the uridine and uracil pools was not affected. It is thus possible that the effect of prolactin on labeled uridine uptake may be caused by the enhanced phosphorylation of the uridine. It was also found that the onset of the effect of prolactin on the phosphorylation of uridine to UTP was not different from the onset of the effect of this hormone on labeled uridine uptake and its incorporation into RNA. Additional studies were carried out to determine if the effect of prolactin on RNA synthesis could be dissociated from its effect on the uptake of precursor substances. For this purpose the effect of prolactin on the uptake of radiolabeled phosphate and its incorporation into RNA was studied. Prolactin stimulated the incorporation of phosphate into RNA after 4 h but the uptake of phosphate was not affected by the hormone at that time. Further, the effect of prolactin on phosphate incorporation into RNA was temporally identical to the hormonal effect on the incorporation of 3H-uridine into RNA.
Natural Proppants for Hydraulic Fracture Production Optimization in Eagle Ford Shale (2012)

Abstract Proppants are essential to the success of most hydraulic fractures and often account for a significant portion of the cost of the treatment. Both the mass of proppant and the selection of the right type of proppant are critical elements in gaining the highest Net Present Value (NPV). It has been generally believed that in a lower closure stress environment (below 6,000 psi, i.e., shallow reservoirs), natural sands such as Brady and Ottawa types are appropriate as proppants and, for the same mesh size, they provide essentially the same permeability. Commonly accepted notion is that manmade proppants (such as ceramics) should be applied at higher closure stress environment, invariably deeper reservoirs. According to the characteristics of Eagle Ford shale, which include the rock stiffness, exemplified by Young&apos;s Modulus, stress anisotropy or isotropy and the existence of a natural fracture network, this study presents fracture designs based on three types of proppants for both shale formations: Brady sand, Ottawa sand and man-made ceramic. Permeability tests and crush tests under certain pressure ranges are done to determine experimentally the dimensioned fracture conductivity. Although natural proppants may exhibit lower permeability, a fracture optimization p-3D model is used to remedy the lower proppant permeability and maximize well performance by optimizing fracture geometry, including fracture half length, width and height. Reduced proppant pack permeability is compensated by larger width. Non-Darcy effects in the fracture are also considered for gas reservoirs. Post-treatment well performance is then estimated, using the optimized well geometry, leading to cumulative production estimates over the well life. Finally, a NPV analysis is employed as the criterion to select the best proppant for the job. In this study, we show there is an optimum Proppant Number corresponding to maximum NPV for various reservoir permeabilities. Based on that notion, we propose a systematic way of choosing proppant type and mass to maximize NPV in oil reservoirs. For tight gas reservoirs, we correct the prejudice that natural sand proppants cannot be applied to deeper reservoirs by showing NPV study results that are superior to those of manmade proppants. By keeping stimulation costs down, natural sand proppants have a much larger range of applicability than previously thought.
Novel Interactions on the Keyboard (2012)

A new type of device retains the physicality of the conventional keyboard but includes extensions with touch sensing and dynamic graphics output that enable novel interactions with computers. The featured Web extra is a video of the authors demonstrating the novel uses of a device that combines a conventional keyboard with touch sensing and dynamic graphics output.