gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Melorheostosis: Complications of a Tibial Lengthening with the llizarov Apparatus (1998)

Melorheostosis is a rare bone dysplasia, exceptionally described in childhood. It has been discovered in a 12-year-old boy who had a hemimelic affection associated with straw-berry skin marks. A 25 mm inequality of length of the lower limbs and a valgus deformation of the ankle resulting in a claudication and gonalgia requiring surgical correction. A reaxation and a progressive lengthening with the Ilizarov apparatus has been performed. Non-consolidation and a secondary bone infection led to the necessity of formation of a soleus flap. Consolidation and healing were finally obtained. In addition to vascular complications to be feared in this disease during surgical treatment, we have to take into consideration the absence of consolidation when the osteotomy is not performed on a safe bone.
A band-pass sigma-delta modulator architecture for digital radio (2002)

The sigma-delta technique for data conversion has become a standard in audio hi-fi and communication systems for medium and high performance applications. This paper presents an approach for the design of band-pass sigma-delta modulators to be used in digital radio systems. A new circuit solution with numerical simulations is presented.
Preparation of Tetracalcium Phosphate and the Effect on the Properties of Calcium Phosphate Cement (2009)

In the present study, three types of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) were prepared by solid-solid reaction or co-precipitation method and by different cooling modes. The effect of TTCP on the performance of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) was investigated. The result showed that the characteristic of TTCP varied with preparation method and played an important role in CPC performance. A solid-solid reacted TTCP yielded smaller particle size and resulted in bad workability and mechanical strength of CPC. The fast cooling of sintering TTCP by liquid nitrogen could avoid the decomposition of TTCP and make pure TTCP. TTCP prepared by wet-precipitation could improve performance of CPC and was promising to optimization of CPC.
Airborne bacterial contamination of operative wounds. (1976)

Both the numbers and species of airborne bacteria were studied during 263 surgical procedures. The numbers of bacteria isolated were reduced by 95 percent in a horizontal laminar flow room compared with a conventional room and a further 4 percent reduction occurred when a suction-mask system was used. The species of bacteria isolated differed notably at the operative site where a slit sampler was used, as compared with the instrument table and the periphery of the room where settling plates were used. Studies done during simulated surgical operation suggested that light fixtures, pass-through doors, floor contamination and the draped patient were not important sources of airborne contamination in this horizontal laminar flow system. The exact role of airborne bacterial contamination of operative wounds in the development of clinical wound infections is still unknown. Therefore, installation of laminar flow systems must be considered unnecessary at this time.
ANTIOXIDATIVE MAILLARD REACTION PRODUCTS. I. PRODUCTS FROM SUGARS AND FREE AMINO ACIDS (1980)

Maillard reaction products (MRP) obtained by reaction of glucose, fructose or xylose with arginine, cysteine, glutamic acid, histidine, lysine or valine were studied with regard to their antioxidative properties. Model systems consisting of emulgated linoleic acid were used to evaluate the antioxidative effect of the MRP. The antioxidative effect was found to be strongly dependent on the choice of reactants, especially the amino acid. While MRP from glutamic acid with glucose or fructose showed no antioxidative properties, potent antioxidative products were obtained from, for example, histidine or lysine with any of the three sugars, or from arginine with xylose only. The reaction between histidine and glucose was studied with regard to the influence of pH and of the molar ratio of amino acid to sugar on the antioxidative effect of the MRP formed. Neutral or slightly basic initial pH was found to favor the production of antioxidative products. Furthermore, the antioxidative effect was found to be more favored by a high histidine concentration than by a high glucose concentration.
Small-area bends and beamsplitters for lowindex-contrast waveguides (2003)

We explore the use of air trenches to achieve compact high efficiency 90 degrees waveguide bends and beamsplitters for waveguide material systems that have low refractive index and low refractive index contrast between the core and clad materials. For a single air interface, simulation results show that the optical efficiency of a waveguide bend can be increased from 78.4% to 99.2% by simply decreasing the bend angle from 90 degrees to 60 degrees . This can be explained by the angular spectrum of the waveguide mode optical field. For 90 degrees bends we use a micro-genetic algorithm (GA) with a 2-D finite difference time domain (FDTD) method to rigorously design high efficiency waveguide bends composed of multiple air trenches. Simulation results show an optical efficiency of 97.2% for an optimized bend composed of three air trenches. Similarly, a single air trench can be designed to function as a 90 degrees beamsplitter with 98.5% total efficiency.
Altered hepatic metabolism of free fatty acids underlying hypersecretion of very low density lipoproteins in the genetically obese Zucker rats. (1982)

condition.This hyperlipidemia appears to be caused by increased production of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by the liver rather than by defective mechanisms for the removal of these lipoproteins from the circulation.The lipoprotein lipase activities in the tissues of the mature obese Zucker rat are not depressed (4, 5), indicating that this determinant of the removal process is unimpaired.The studies of Schonfeld and Pfleger (6), who observed greater accumulation of triglyceride in recirculating perfusates of livers from obese Zucker rats, suggest that overproduction of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins is involved in the genesis of the characteristic hyperlipemia.Increased triglyceride secretion may be a consequence of increased hepatic lipogenesis, observed in these animals by Martin (7) and Sullivan et al. (8).Alternatively, or additionally, it may be derived from an altered hepatic metabolism of free fatty acids.Thus, a selective decrease in the oxidation of long chain fatty acids by the liver consequently increases triglyceride synthesis and leads to the hypersecretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (9).A direct effect on the esterification process may also participate.In the present study, the metabolism of oleic acid by isolated perfused intact livers from lean and obese Zucker rats was compared in a detailed examination of the concurrent processes of fatty acid oxidation, esterification, and lipoprotein production.Achievement of the steady metabolic state in the intact organ during the constant infusion of fatty acid substrate was evidenced by a constant rate of accumulation of ketone bodies and secretory lipoproteins in the perfusion medium.These studies have provided an integrated picture of the metabolic alterations in the intracellular utilization of fatty acids and in the consequent production of triglyceriderich Iipoproteins by the liver of the genetically obese Zucker rat.These observations accordingly suggest events underlying the development and maintenance of the hyperlipemic state in these animals.Some of this work has been reported in a preliminary communication (10).EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Animals-Male lean and obese littermate Zucker rats were obtained from Hoffmann-La Roche, housed individually (room temperature, 22 "C), and allowed free access to Purina laboratory chow and water.Lighting was controlled (6 a.m.4 p.m., light; 6 p.m.4 a.m., dark).Between 9:OO and 9:30 a.m., rats were anesthetized (9).Blood was obtained by heart puncture just before inserting a cannula into the portal vein.Livers were removed for perfusion.Stomachs were weighed to provide an index of food consumption.Blood was allowed to clot for 5 h at 5 "C.Serum was separated by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 30 min at 5 "C.Liver Perfusion-The perfusion equipment and procedures were those employed and described in part, previously (9).This recirculating perfusion system includes the following components in series: ( a ) a water-jacketed cylindrical Plexiglas reservoir to maintain the per-14066
Q-Tree: A Multi-Attribute Based Range Query Solution for Tele-immersive Framework (2009)

Users and administrators of large distributed systems are frequently in need of monitoring and management of its various components, data items and resources. Though there exist several distributed query and aggregation systems, the clustered structure of tele-immersive interactive frameworks and their time-sensitive nature and application requirements represent a new class of systems which poses different challenges on this distributed search. Multi-attribute composite range queries are one of the key features in this class. Queries are given in high level descriptions and then transformed into multi-attribute composite range queries. Designing such a query engine with minimum traffic overhead, low service latency, and with static and dynamic nature of large datasets, is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a general multi-attribute based range query framework, Q-Tree, that provides efficient support for this class of systems. In order to serve efficient queries, Q-Tree builds a single topology-aware tree overlay by connecting the participating nodes in a bottom-up approach, and assigns range intervals on each node in a hierarchical manner. We show the relative strength of Q-Tree by analytically comparing it against P-Tree, P-Ring, Skip-Graph and Chord. With fine-grained load balancing and overlay maintenance, our simulations with PlanetLab traces show that our approach can answer complex queries within a fraction of a second.
The Trochanteric Nail versus the Sliding Hip Screw for Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures: A Review of 93 Cases (2006)

This study suggests that the trochanteric nail is a reasonable alternative to the sliding hip screw when used for intertrochanteric fractures, although it may be associated with higher complication rates.
Evolution of Cancer Stem-like Cells in Endocrine-Resistant Metastatic Breast Cancers Is Mediated by Stromal Microvesicles (2017)

The hypothesis that microvesicle-mediated miRNA transfer converts noncancer stem cells into cancer stem cells (CSC) leading to therapy resistance remains poorly investigated. Here we provide direct evidence supporting this hypothesis, by demonstrating how microvesicles derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) transfer miR-221 to promote hormonal therapy resistance (HTR) in models of luminal breast cancer. We determined that CAF-derived microvesicles horizontally transferred miR-221 to tumor cells and, in combination with hormone therapy, activated an ER<sup>lo</sup>/Notch<sup>hi</sup> feed-forward loop responsible for the generation of CD133<sup>hi</sup> CSCs. Importantly, microvesicles from patients with HTR metastatic disease expressed high levels of miR-221. We further determined that the IL6-pStat3 pathway promoted the biogenesis of onco-miR-221<sup>hi</sup> CAF microvesicles and established stromal CSC niches in experimental and patient-derived breast cancer models. Coinjection of patient-derived CAFs from bone metastases led to <i>de novo</i> HTR tumors, which was reversed with IL6R blockade. Finally, we generated patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models from patient-derived HTR bone metastases and analyzed tumor cells, stroma, and microvesicles. Murine and human CAFs were enriched in HTR tumors expressing high levels of CD133<sup>hi</sup> cells. Depletion of murine CAFs from PDX restored sensitivity to HT, with a concurrent reduction of CD133<sup>hi</sup> CSCs. Conversely, in models of CD133<sup>neg</sup>, HT-sensitive cancer cells, both murine and human CAFs promoted <i>de novo</i> HT resistance via the generation of CD133<sup>hi</sup> CSCs that expressed low levels of estrogen receptor alpha. Overall, our results illuminate how microvesicle-mediated horizontal transfer of genetic material from host stromal cells to cancer cells triggers the evolution of therapy-resistant metastases, with potentially broad implications for their control. <i>Cancer Res; 77(8); 1927-41. ©2017 AACR</i>.
[Sclerodermiform basal cell carcinoma. Apropos of a study of 83 cases]. (1998)

The authors present a study of 83 cases of sclerodermiform basal cell carcinoma. This series constitutes 2.3% of all skin cancers treated in the authors' unit from 1981 to 1996. The predominant site of these carcinomas is the centrofacial region with 46% of tumours involving the nose. In the majority of cases, treatment consisted of cover by a flap (52.6% of cases). Full-thickness skin grafts were used in 29% of cases and excision-suture was performed in 18.4% of cases. The authors emphasize the need to perform large resection with safety margins determined by the macroscopically visible tumour diameter. As frozen section pathological examination is not contributive, they prefer to defer reconstruction until the final pathology results are obtained. The only exception is the need to cover a vital region, such as the eye. These carcinomas must be followed in the long-term, as 20% of recurrences were detected in this series, comprising many orbitopalpebral sites, associated with difficult staging, and which always have a reserved prognosis. The authors therefore propose the use of epitheses in so-called high-risk sites. The three main guidelines in this disease, one of the most worrying forms of skin cancer, are surgical aggressiveness, modesty in terms of the cosmetic result and alertness in the follow-up.
Communications. N-terminal residues of heavy chains of human IgA myeloma proteins. (1969)

The N-terminal residue on the heavy chains of five human IgA myeloma proteins was determined. Three of these heavy chains had PCA at their N-terminal end while the other two had flee N-terminal amino groups. The presence or absence of PCA at the N-terminal position of the a chain was not correlated with any of the following characteristics of the IgA molecules: a) antigenic subclass of the a chains; b) inherited anti-genic determinant of a chains, the so called Am(l) factor; and c) class of light chain associated with the a chain in the intact IgA molecule.
<title>Longitudinally resolved measurements of carrier concentration and gain in 980-nm InGaAs/GaAs high-power quantum well lasers</title> (1997)

Measurements of longitudinal variation in critical laser parameters such as gain and carrier concentration are invaluable in understanding and diagnosing device performance and failure mechanisms. However, traditional front-facet measurements cannot reveal the variation of these parameters along the length of the laser. Other methods require physical modifications to the laser itself, such as the fabrication of a top window, and are thus invasive. We describe a new experimental technique based on analysis of side spontaneous emission. A tapered optical fiber translated along the side of the laser using a micropositioner collects spontaneous emission from the active region, allowing spatially-resolved gain and carrier concentration measurements to be made. Such measurements can be used to track the evolution of dark lines caused by defects where non-radiative recombination is dominant. We applied this method to a 980 nm high power laser with an In<SUB>0.2</SUB>Ga<SUB>0.8</SUB>As, 80 angstroms SQW and facets of 90%/10% reflectivity. It was predicted through a 1D rate equation model that the carrier concentration would increase near the high-reflectivity mirror, due to lower optical field intensities. Using the bimolecular recombination equation to determine the carrier density, this expectation was confirmed. The peak modal gain also increased with proximity to the high-reflectivity mirror, and modulations in the gain peak profile attributed to spatial hole burning were observed.
Formation and Secretion of 5α-Androstan-17β-ol-3-one, 5α-Androstan-3β,17β-diol and 5α-Androstan-3β,17β- diol by the Perfused Rabbit Testis Epididymis<sup>1</sup> (1975)

Rabbit testes epididymides were perfused in vitro at 36.5 C with an artificial medium containing bovine red blooc cells. Three major testosterone metabolites were formed and subsequently elaborated into the venous effluent of testes epididymibdes when testosterone-1,2,6,7-3-H was infused into the artery of the perfused organ. In contrast, testosterone-1,2,6,7-1-H remained unchanged when incubated in the artificial medium under similar conditions. Elution volume from a Sephadex LH-20 column, development in three ascending paper chromatographic (APC) systems, acetylation and development in a fourth APC system followed by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) of the acetylated products tentatively identified the radioactive-metabolites as 5alpha-androstan-17beta-ol-3-one (DHT), 5alpha-androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol (3alphaol) and 5alpha-androstan-3beta,17beta-diol (3beta-ol). The identity of these 5alpha-reduced testosterone metabolites was confirmed by crystallization to constant specific activity in the presence of authentic carrier steroid. These results suggest that DHT and androstanediols formed by perfused rabbit testes epididymides subsequently escape into the venous effluent.
Performance analysis of "content-aware" load balancing strategy FLEX: two case studies (2005)

FLEX is a new cost effective, locality aware load balancing solution for a shared Web hosting service implemented on a cluster of machines (Cherkasova, 2000). FLEX allocates hosted Web sites to different machines in the cluster based on the sites' processing and memory requirements which are estimated using the site logs. Appropriate routing of requests can be achieved by using the DNS infrastructure, since each hosted Web site has a unique domain name. Using a simulation based on real traces, we evaluate the potential benefits of the new solution. We compare the performance of FLEX against Round-Robin and Optimal strategy. FLEX significantly outperforms Round-Robin (up to 110-250% in average server throughput), getting within 8%-30% of optimal performance achievable for those traces. FLEX solution shows superliner speedup when the number of nodes is increased from four to eight because it takes advantage of both the doubled processing power and memory.
Lewis Base Activation of Lewis Acids: Vinylogous Aldol Additions of Silyl Dienol Ethers to Aldehydes (2004)

Highly regioselective vinylogous aldol additions of silyl dienol ethers derived from simple α,β-unsaturated ketones are ­described. The catalyst system of silicon tetrachloride activated by chiral bisphosphoramide (R,R)-1 effectively promotes the addition of both γ-substituted and unsubstituted silyl dienol ethers to a ­variety of aldehydes with exclusive γ-regioselectivity and good to excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity.
Rapid, energetic metathesis routes to crystalline metastable phases of zirconium and hafnium dioxide (2001)

Rapid, exothermic metathesis (exchange) reactions between ZrCl4 and Na2O result in crystalline ZrO2 in seconds. Thermal analysis and in situ reaction temperature measurements show that the reaction initiates near the sublimation point of ZrCl4, rapidly reaches temperatures above 1350 °C, and generates a molten NaCl flux for a few seconds. Powder X-ray diffraction demonstrates that the product is a mixture of room-temperature monoclinic and high-temperature cubic ZrO2 phases. The addition of cubic phase stabilizers such as Ca, Y, or Ce oxides or their chlorides to the reaction results in an increase in cubic phase formation up to nearly 70%. These partially stabilized products can withstand annealing to 1300 °C, unlike the unstabilized product, which reverts to the thermodynamic room-temperature monoclinic form on heating to 900 °C. The analogous reaction between HfCl4 and Na2O results in crystalline HfO2. The addition of CaO to this reaction also enhances cubic phase formation.
Experimental and theoretical luminous efficacies of phosphors used in combination with blue‐emitting LEDs for lighting and backlighting (2008)

Abstract— Phosphors that absorb blue light and emit in the green, yellow, and red have been synthesized, and their experimental and theoretical luminous efficacies are compared. It is proposed that a blue‐emitting LED in combination with red‐emitting Sr 2 Si 5 N 8 : Eu 2+ and green‐emitting SrGa 2 S 4 : Eu 2+ phosphors is used as an energy‐efficient white‐light source for display backlighting applications.
Theory of spin-phonon coupling in multiferroic manganese perovskites<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>R</mml:mi></mml:math>MnO<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2011)

Magnetoelectric phase diagrams of the rare-earth ($R$) Mn perovskites $R$MnO${}_{3}$ are theoretically studied by focusing on crucial roles of the symmetric magnetostriction or the Peierls-type spin-phonon coupling through extending our previous work [M. Mochizuki et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 037205 (2010)]. We first construct a microscopic classical Heisenberg model for $R$MnO${}_{3}$ including the frustrated spin exchanges, single-ion anisotropy, and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. We also incorporate the lattice degree of freedom coupled to the Mn spins via the Peierls-type magnetostriction. By analyzing this model using the replica-exchange Monte Carlo technique, we reproduce the entire phase diagram of $R$MnO${}_{3}$ in the plane of temperature and magnitude of the orthorhombic lattice distortion. Surprisingly it is found that in the $ab$-plane spiral spin phase, the ($\mathbit{S}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathbit{S}$)-type magnetostriction plays an important role for the ferroelectric order with polarization $\mathbit{P}$$\ensuremath{\parallel}$$\mathbit{a}$ whose contribution is comparable to or larger than the contribution from the ($\mathbit{S}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathbit{S}$)-type magnetostriction, whereas in the $bc$-plane spiral phase, the ferroelectric order with $\mathbit{P}$$\ensuremath{\parallel}$$\mathbit{c}$ is purely of ($\mathbit{S}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathbit{S}$) origin. This explains much larger $\mathbit{P}$ in the $ab$-plane spiral phase than the $bc$-plane spiral phase as observed experimentally and gives a clue how to enhance the magnetoelectric coupling in the spin-spiral-based multiferroics. We also predict a noncollinear deformation of the $E$-type spin structure resulting in the finite ($\mathbit{S}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathbit{S}$) contribution to the ferroelectric order with $\mathbit{P}$$\ensuremath{\parallel}$$\mathbit{a}$, and a wide coexisting regime of the commensurate $E$ and incommensurate spiral states, which resolve several experimental puzzles.
Synthesis and Stability of Oligonucleotides Containing Acyclic Achiral Nucleoside Analogues with Two Base Moieties. (2004)

Nucleotide building blocks with two base moieties were synthesized and incorporated into oligonucleotides. One of the two bases is involved\nin base pairing within the double helix, while the other base is sticking out of the minor groove. This system may be used for presenting\nsequence information at the outside of the helix.