gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elements of an archaeal promoter defined by mutational analysis (1992)

The sequence requirements for specific and efficient transcription from the 16S/23S rRNA promoter of Sulfolobus shibatae were analysed by point mutations and by cassette mutations using an in vitro transcription system. The examination of the box A-containing distal promoter element (DPE) showed the great importance of the TA sequence in the center of box A for transcription efficiency and the influence of the sequence upstream of box A on determining the distance between the DPE and the start site. In most positions of box A, replacement of the wild type bases by adenines or thymines are less detrimental than replacements by cytosines or guanines. The effectiveness of the proximal promoter element (PPE) was not merely determined by its high A + T content but appeared to be directly related to its nucleotide sequence. At the start site a pyrimidine/purine (py/pu) sequence was necessary for unambiguous initiation as shown by analysis of mutants where the wild type start base was replaced. The sequence of box A optimal for promoter function in vitro is identical to the consensus of 84 mapped archaeal promoter sequences.
Distributed new product development project based on internet and world-wide web: A case study (1997)

The deluge of hype about the wonders of the Internet, Intranets, and the World Wide Web continues unabated. At the same time, we hear numerous tales about endless streams of busy signals, broken connections, and painfully slow response times. Surveying the apparent gap between the promise and the often-painful reality, a skeptical manager might reasonably question whether this technology can satisfy the rigorous demands of business users such as product development project teams. In a case study of a large, geographically distributed product development project, Ari-Pekka Hameri and Jukka Nihtila find that Web-based applications can play an important role in new-product development (NPD) efforts. Particularly when projects involve numerous teams from various locations, such tools can provide effective media for communicating and disseminating information. The case study also suggests that these networked information technology (IT) applications can offer important benefits in terms of project and process management. The project described in this study involves a major NPD collaboration, with several independent subprojects and hundreds of team members from various research institutes and companies. The Internet and the World Wide Web provide the media for managing and disseminating project data. Using hypertext links, the Web-based system gives team members easy access to engineering drawings, 3D models, parameter lists, prototype test results, and other engineering information. The point-and-click interface also allows team members to access information about the project structure and schedules, as well as meeting notes, newsgroups, and electronic bulletin boards. Analysis of the file-transfer activities between the Web server and the project groups highlights several important points regarding networked IT applications, information sharing, and project management. First, the system used in this project serves primarily for disseminating information, rather than for fostering collaboration between different groups. Increased collaboration among networked team members probably requires more sophisticated version- and configuration-management capabilities. Second, file-transfer activities typically come in bursts around project milestones; this highlights the essential role that project milestones play in coordinating the work of distributed team members. The electronic media enhance not only the work leading up to milestones, but also the dissemination of decisions made at each milestone.
Integrated thyratron driver for high-rep rate, high-power modulators (2003)

The authors describe the development of a thyratron driver system which generates all of the required support circuitry for a thyratron tube into one compact package. They discuss the electrical and mechanical requirements that were imposed and how these issues were resolved. The physical and electrical characteristics of the finished product and its use in all actual modulator application are described. The wide operating ranges of the power supplies allows the user to choose from a variety of tubes without the need for customizing each driver package. The driver is capable of operating with cathode-referenced or grid-referenced thyratrons in an air or oil-insulated environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Study and fabrication of PIN photodiode by using ZnSe/PS/Si structure (2000)

In this experiment, the PIN photodiode by using ZnSe/porous Si/Si structure was investigated. The single crystal ZnSe epilayer is successfully grown on porous silicon substrate with CVD system. Indium is as a dopant to reduce the resistivity of ZnSe intrinsic layer. To control the different thickness of n-ZnSe layer will change the photocurrent and responsivity of the ZnSe PIN diode. The best diffusion conditions are diffusion temperature of 300/spl deg/C and driving time of 30 min. The responsivity of device is 0.03 A/W. In addition, the dark current of the photodiode is near zero.
The Multiple-Access Channel With Causal Side Information: Common State (2012)

We show that if a memoryless multiple-access channel (MAC) is governed by an independent and identically distributed state sequence, then-unlike the single-user case-the capacity region is typically increased if the state is revealed to the encoders in a strictly causal way. For this scenario, we derive inner and outer bounds on the capacity region. For the Gaussian MAC whose state sequence comprises the channel noise, we compute the capacity region and propose a variation on the Schalkwijk-Kailath scheme that achieves capacity with a double-exponential decay of the maximal probability of error. We also study the causal case for which we derive an achievable region, which is typically strictly larger than the region achievable with naïve Shannon strategies.
Analysis of measurement-set qualitative characteristics for state-estimation purposes (2007)

The paper proposes a new tool for real-time assessment of measurement sets in the context of power-system-state estimation. This tool incorporates many functions including observability analysis and restoration, as well as identification of critical measurements and critical sets. Using only network-topology data, the proposed methodology updates the qualitative characteristics of the current available measurement set in real time. The identification of critical measurements and sets is done using only network topology and is completed before running any state estimation. Mapping the system states and using information concepts, a new state space is obtained where the relationship (information) between measurements and states is straightforward. This map is easily found via triangular factorisation of the Jacobian matrix. Starting from a base-case measurement set, every time a snapshot of measurements has to be analysed, only refactorisation has to be carried out. Sparse-matrix techniques speed up the process. The method was tested in the IEEE-14-bus system as well as in the Brazilian 383-bus system, proving to be reliable, fast, easy to implement and suitable for real-time operation.
Reconfigurable PA Networks using Switchable Directional Couplers as RF Switch (2007)

Reconfigurable power amplifiers are presented, which utilize switched directional couplers. A power amplifier is built up with several individual smaller stages connected in parallel using the "balanced" amplifier scheme. If the required output power decreases, some of the stages are switched off in order to decrease the DC power consumption and increase the drive of the remaining stages, thus increasing efficiency. The idea is to use switched branch line (right handed and left handed) couplers with switches to ground at their transversal planes as RF power switch in static and dynamic "hot" switching reconfigurable PA networks. The paper presents theoretical considerations and experimental results for built networks.
Surgical Management of Acetabular Dysplasia (1991)

Dysplasia of the acetabulum can be caused by malposition, insufficiency, or incongruity. The decision to correct acetabular dysplasia is based on the severity of the condition or on the condition's failure to improve and is made after several years of observation. Correction is best when performed in childhood and should be designed to meet the individual needs of the patient after careful consideration of the pathology, anatomy, patient's age, and skill and experience of the surgeon.
Cooperation, coordination and control in computer-supported work (1991)

collaboratories are experimental and empirical research environments in which domain scientists work with computer, communications, behavioral and social scientists to design systems, participate in collaborative science, and conduct experiments to evaluate and improve the systems. These research projects are concerned with distributed and collaborative research that requires intense reliance on wide-area networks and the Internet, to bring together instruments, laboratories and researchers.
Source Location of The Chorus Emissions Observed By Cluster (2002)

Abstract. One of the objectives of the Cluster mission is to study sources of various electromagnetic waves using the four satellites. This paper describes the methods we have ap-plied to data recorded from the STAFF spectrum analyser. This instrument provides the cross spectral matrix of three magnetic and two electric field components. This spectral matrix is analysed to determine, for each satellite, the di-rection of the wave normal relative to the Earth’s magnetic field as a function of frequency and of time. Due to the Cluster orbit, chorus emissions are often observed close to perigee, and the data analysis determines the direction of these waves. Three events observed during different levels of magnetic activity are reported. It is shown that the com-ponent of the Poynting vector parallel to the magnetic field changes its sense when the satellites cross the magnetic equa-tor, which indicates that the chorus waves propagate away from the equator. Detailed analysis indicates that the source is located in close vicinity of the plane of the geomagnetic equator. Key words. Magnetospheric physics (plasma waves and in-stabilities; storms and substorms); Space plasma physics (waves and instabilities) 1
Amidoglycosylation via Metal-Catalyzed Internal Nitrogen Atom Delivery (2002)

[reaction: see text] Rhodium and copper acyl nitrenoids are likely intermediates in amidoglycosylation reactions of allal 3-carbamates. Iodine(III)-mediated nitrenoid formation, interaction of this species with the glycal enol ether pi-system, and highly beta-stereoselective glycosylation occur in a one-pot process that requires no additional Lewis acid activation.
Cellular regulation of tissue factor (1990)

Tissue factor is the initiator of the extrinsic coagulation pathway and is an important regulator of haemostasis. Tissue factor is constitutively expressed in numerous cells and tissues, and can be induced in monocytes and endothelial cells by different inflammatory agents. Lymphocytes and serum factors can modulate the expression of tissue factor in monocytes. The regulation of tissue factor expression in monocytes appears to be different from that in endothelial cells. Phorbol myristate acetate can inhibit as well as induce tissue factor activity in monocytes, whereas phorbol myristate acetate only induces the expression of tissue factor in endothelial cells. Tissue factor expression in monocytes from patients with infections is not always associated with DIC. The extrinsic pathway inhibitor may play a role in the development of DIC in patients with sepsis. Deposition of extravascular fibrin may be an important determinant of tissue injury.
Some New Realizations of Dedicated Hardware Digital Signal Processors. (1974)

The significant breakthroughs in the area of semiconductor technology have opened up new options for the implementation of digital signal processors. The authors suggest some new hardware realizations of such dedicated processors that capitalize on the advances in semiconductor memory technology to produce realizations that have a significantly lower package count and power consumption and also make possible higher speeds of operation. The authors specifically discuss the realization of digital filters and high speed Fast Fourier Transformers.
Reduced Complexity Schnorr–Euchner Decoding Algorithms for MIMO Systems (2004)

A new reduced-complexity Schnorr-Euchner decoding algorithm is proposed in this letter for uncoded multi-input multi-output systems with q-QAM (q=4,16,...) modulation. Furthermore, a Fano-like metric bias is introduced to the algorithm from the perspective of sequential decoding, as well as an early termination technique. Simulation results show that these modifications reduce the algorithm complexity efficiently, with only a small degradation in bit error rate at high signal to noise ratios.
A tree-based DHT Approach to scalable weakly consistent peer-to-peer data management (2004)

Second generation peer-to-peer systems employ a distributed hashtable (DHT) to locate data efficiently in their network. But when peers fail, the DHT algorithm needs to route around them, which, in many cases, reduces its efficiency. We propose to separate the data lookup from the data storing concerns. Thus we can guarantee a search cost proportional to the logarithm of the number of peers in the network despite a high change rate, i.e., many peers join or leave the network concurrently. To demonstrate our approach, we use a simple DHT based on a binary tree whose leaves are associated with collections of peers that are responsible for a range of data values associated with search keys. Peers of a group collaborate to form redundant data storage and thus ensure high availability of their data. This means, however, only weak data, consistency can be guaranteed when an insertion or update takes place.
연구논문 : 문화관광거리 대학로의 장소마케팅에 관한 연구 (2001)

This paper investigates how marketing efforts could affect the spatial image of the Seoul Collegian Street, which among Seoulite now is being recognized as a famous place for art and cultural performances. Empirical investigation tells that advertisement through electronic homepages or local newspaper has not been so helpful to raise the image of the Street, whereas festival performances themselves has been doing a positive role in enhancing the images. Given that some problems identified by this research were resolved authors suggest that the festival itself could be a quite useful place-marketing tool.
Power donut system laboratory test and data analysis (2002)

A laboratory study conducted to evaluate the ability of the power donut system to accurately measure and record line current, conductor temperature, and ambient air temperature and to evaluate the system as a data gathering and communication package is presented. Although the system measures line voltage, its accuracy was not evaluated during this phase because of the difficulty in obtaining a high-voltage source in a laboratory environment. The quantities measured and recorded by the power donut system were compared with those measured by standard instruments. The percentage error and probability distribution of the error were calculated. The accuracy and precision (stability) of the power donut system are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MLL-Rearranged Leukemias—An Update on Science and Clinical Approaches (2017)

The mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) gene (now renamed <i>Lysine [K]-specific MethylTransferase 2A</i> or <i>KMT2A</i>) on chromosome 11q23 is disrupted in a unique group of acute leukemias. More than 80 different partner genes in these fusions have been described, although the majority of leukemias result from <i>MLL1</i> fusions with one of about six common partner genes. Approximately 10% of all leukemias harbor <i>MLL1</i> translocations. Of these, two patient populations comprise the majority of cases: patients younger than 1 year of age at diagnosis (primarily acute lymphoblastic leukemias) and young- to-middle-aged adults (primarily acute myeloid leukemias). A much rarer subgroup of patients with <i>MLL1</i> rearrangements develop leukemia that is attributable to prior treatment with certain chemotherapeutic agents-so-called therapy-related leukemias. In general, outcomes for all of these patients remain poor when compared to patients with non-<i>MLL1</i> rearranged leukemias. In this review, we will discuss the normal biological roles of MLL1 and its fusion partners, how these roles are hypothesized to be dysregulated in the context of <i>MLL1</i> rearrangements, and the clinical manifestations of this group of leukemias. We will go on to discuss the progress in clinical management and promising new avenues of research, which may lead to more effective targeted therapies for affected patients.
Structural and functional specificities of PDGF‐C and PDGF‐D, the novel members of the platelet‐derived growth factors family (2005)

The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family was for more than 25 years assumed to consist of only PDGF-A and -B. The discovery of the novel family members PDGF-C and PDGF-D triggered a search for novel activities and complementary fine tuning between the members of this family of growth factors. Since the expansion of the PDGF family, more than 60 publications on the novel PDGF-C and PDGF-D have been presented, highlighting similarities and differences to the classical PDGFs. In this paper we review the published data on the PDGF family covering structural (gene and protein) similarities and differences among all four family members, with special focus on PDGF-C and PDGF-D expression and functions. Little information on the protein structures of PDGF-C and -D is currently available, but the PDGF-C protein may be structurally more similar to VEGF-A than to PDGF-B. PDGF-C contributes to normal development of the heart, ear, central nervous system (CNS), and kidney, while PDGF-D is active in the development of the kidney, eye and brain. In adults, PDGF-C is active in the kidney and the central nervous system. PDGF-D also plays a role in the lung and in periodontal mineralization. PDGF-C is expressed in Ewing family sarcoma and PDGF-D is linked to lung, prostate and ovarian cancers. Both PDGF-C and -D play a role in progressive renal disease, glioblastoma/medulloblastoma and fibrosis in several organs.
Global change and the future ocean: a grand challenge for marine sciences (2014)

The global-scale changes resulting from the impact of human activity on the major processes that regulate the functioning of the Biosphere.
Selective Viral and Rickettsial Serum Antibody Absorption by a Chromatographic Column (1961)

Serum antibodies behave as cations at neutral pH and thus have low affinity for cellulose anion-exchange columns. Antigens of small size derived from adenovirus, influenza virus, and typhus rickettsiae, however, readily adsorbed to such columns. These adsorbed antigens specifically removed antibodies from antisera. This simple method permits antibody absorption by antigens ordinarily sedimented with difficulty.
경북지역 농약사용 및 식물보호기사 자격증 활용실태 (2006)

An array of surveys was designed to improve current Pesticide Management Law and Acts by investigating farmers`` usage of pesticides and by assessing applicability of Plant Protection Certificate to register local pesticide markets or related businesses. This study indicates that most farmers choose pesticide recommended by local pesticide market dealers. This survey also indicates serious misuse or overuse of pesticides by farmers probably due to inappropriate recommendations. To guarantee rational use of pesticides by the end users, most experts in the plant protection areas have realized the importance of the Certificate as a license to register the local pesticide markets. To the end, current Pesticide Management Laws and Acts need to be revised to ask pesticide-dealing workers to take the Plant Protection Certificate.
Recombinant Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I): Risks and Benefits of Normalizing Blood IGF-I Concentrations (2004)

Recombinant human (rh) insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is being developed as a therapy for short stature caused by IGF deficiency (IGFD) and also for diabetes mellitus. To complement the human efficacy and safety data, a large amount of information is available regarding the pharmacology and toxicology of rhIGF-I in animals. This review summarizes the risks and benefits of normalizing blood IGF-I concentrations in IGFD, especially with regard to carcinogenicity, and compares and contrasts safety data for rhIGF-I, recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), and insulin. A major difference between rhIGF-I and rhGH is that rhIGF-I (like insulin) has hypoglycaemic activity, whereas rhGH opposes insulin action and is diabetogenic. In most of their actions, GH and IGF-I are similar. IGF-I mediates most of the actions of GH, so the safety of rhGH and that of rhIGF-I also share many common features. In animals, the transgenic expression of hGH has been shown to act directly, by activating the prolactin receptor, to increase the incidence of mammary and prostate tumours. In comparison, the over-expression of IGF-I in animals or the administration of rhIGF-I does not have a carcinogenic effect. In formal toxicology and carcinogenicity studies, rhIGF-I has similar effects to insulin in that it can increase food intake, body size, and the growth rate of existing tumours. In animals and humans, IGFD has many long-term detrimental effects besides short stature: it increases the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and low bone mineral density. Therefore, a case can be made for replacement therapy with rhIGF-I to normalize blood IGF-I levels and reverse the detrimental effects of IGFD.
Sub-Critical Operation of the CO2 Expander/ Compressor (2006)

The primary objectives to use a combined expander/compressor unit in a CO2 refrigeration cycle are to improve the COP and to reduce the exhaust pressure of the main compressor of the system. With the successful development of such an expander/compressor by the TU Dresden, the primary objectives have been reached. In summer as well as in warmer regions of the world the ambient temperature is higher then the critical temperature of the CO2. That means that the refrigeration system operates in a trans-critical mode. For this operation conditions the expander was originally developed. But in Central and Northern Europe and many other regions of the world, the ambient temperature is during long periods of the year and during the night so low, that the condensing pressure of the CO2 refrigeration system can be kept below 70 bar, i. e. that the cycle can be operated in a sub-critical mode. This requirement implicates for the expander quite different working conditions and this has to be investigated.