gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Compounds (1994)

Part 1 Introduction: history of aromatic and heteroaromatic diazo compounds nomenclature general references. Part 2 Methods for the preparation of aromatic and heteroaromatic diazo compounds: diazotization of amines with alkali nitrite in dilute aqueous mineral acids diazotization in concentrated mineral acid isolation of diazonium salts diazotization of 2- and 4-aminophenols formation of diazonium salts under anhydrous conditions other reactions involving formation of aromatic diazonium ions. Part 3 Kinetics and mechanism of diazotization: historical development influence of acidity on the rate and mechanism of diazotization in aqueous sulfuric and perchloric acids nucleophilic catalysis of diazotization transformation of the N-Nitrosoamine intermediate into the diazonium ion. Part 4 The structure of diazonium compounds: introductory remarks structure of arenediazonium salts theoretical investigations. Part 5 Acid-base and isomerization reactions of diazo compounds in water: the aromatic diazonium ion as a dibasic acid the combined system of acid-base addition, (Z)/(E)- and prototropic isomerization reactions of arenediazonium ions kinetics and equilibria of arenediazonium ions in water. Part 6 Additions of other nucleophiles to arenediazonium ions: O-Coupling S-coupling N-coupling P-coupling C-coupling intramolecular coupling. Part 7 Structural and mechanistic aspects of additions of nucleophiles to diazonium ions: (Z)/(E)-isomerism investigations on reactivities by the interpretation of substituent effects - the Hammett and related equations the electronic influence of the diazonio group as a substituent influence of substituents on the addition of nucleophiles to arenediazonium ions. Part 8 Dediazoniation of arenediazonium ions: introduction to dediazoniation in general multiplicity of pathways and products the D[N] + A[N] mechanism of dediazoniation molecular orbital investigations on heterolytic dediazoniations and on aryl cations dediazoniations via aryne intermediates dediazoniation initiated by an electron transfer solvent effects in competitive homolytic and heterolytic dediazoniation dediazoniation in alkaline aqueous solutions dediazoniation in highly nucleophilic solvents and in the presence of good nucleophiles dediazoniation in alcohols. Part 9 Logic, psychology, and serendipity of scientific discoveries - an interlude. Part 10 Applications of heterolytic and homolytic dediazoniations in organic syntheses: hydro-de-diazoniation hydroxy- and mercapto-de-diazoniations and related reactions fluoro-de-diazoniation chloro-, bromo-, and cyano-de-diazoniations - the Sandmeyer reaction iodo-de-diazoniation and related reactions azido-de-diazoniation dediazoniation in the presence of carbonyl, sulfonyl, and related compounds replacement of the diazonio group by alkenes and alkynes - the Meerwein reaction arylation of aromatic compounds - the Gomberg-Bachmann and related reactions. (Part contents).
On determining the optimum modulation index for reverse path lasers in hybrid fiber/coax networks (1996)

Previous work in modeling laser clipping phenomena in hybrid/fiber coax uses a signal model consisting of equal amplitude subcarriers. This model is inappropriate for the case of the reverse path where there may be only a small number of subcarriers, or a small number of subcarriers may take on an amplitude that is significantly greater than the other subcarriers. A model is presented that produces a probability density function (pdf) for laser drive current that accurately reflects the various mixtures of subcarriers typically present in the reverse path. This pdf is used to determine the relationship between laser rms modulation index, μ, and clipping distortion power. A method is shown to combine this relationship with laser RIN, shot noise and receiver noise current performance in order to determine the value of μ that produces optimum overall link performance.
Self-Optimization of Handover Parameters for Long-Term Evolution with Dual Wireless Mobile Relay Nodes (2015)

In recent years, train passengers have been transferring increasing amounts of data using mobile devices. Wireless networks with mobile relay nodes support broadband wireless communications for passengers of such vehicles using backhaul links. However, the mobility management entity reuses the handover of existing user equipment, resulting in the handover of the Long-Term Evolution network being unsuitable for user equipment within the cabins of vehicles traveling at high speed. In this paper, we propose a self-optimizing handover hysteresis scheme with dual mobile relay nodes for wireless networks in high-speed mobile environments. The proposed mechanism tunes the hysteresis and cell individual offset handover parameters based on the velocity of the vehicle and the handover performance indicator, which affects the handover triggering decision and performance. The results of simulations conducted in which the performance of the proposed scheme was compared to that of an existing scheme show that the proposed scheme can reduce the number of radio link failures and service interruptions during handover procedures.
Case 28-1967 (1967)

Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital from The New England Journal of Medicine — Case 28-1967 — Cough and Pulmonary Infiltrates in a Man with Hodgkin's Disease of over Four Years' Duration
Symptoms of Postpartum Depression Associated With Elevated Levels of Interleukin-1 Beta During the First Month Postpartum (2008)

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a devastating disorder that may carry lifetime consequences. Although several psychosocial risks for PPD have been identified, biological contributors are unclear. Elevated inflammatory cytokines contribute to depression in nonpregnant, nonpostpartum populations; yet, their role in PPD has been minimally studied. The objective of this study is to determine whether inflammatory cytokines early in the postpartum period contribute to the development of PPD. Women were recruited within 24 hr of delivery, and 26 provided urine for analysis of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) on postpartum days 7, 14, and 28. Participants completed a depression symptom survey (Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CES-D) on Day 28. An increase in IL-1beta was seen on Day 14 in women with symptoms of depression (CES-D > or = 11) on Day 28 compared to levels in women without depressive symptoms (F = 4.50, p = .045). These preliminary findings suggest elevated IL-1beta early in the postpartum period may increase the risk of PPD. Further studies involving a larger sample of women, including those clinically diagnosed with PPD, are required.
$^{13}C\;and\;^{51}V $ Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Vanadium (V)-$\alpha$-Hydroxycarboxylate Complexes (1993)

The interaction of vanadium(V) with various a-hydroxycarboxylate ligands in aqueous solution at pH 3.2 have been studied by and NMR spectroscopies. From the results it is supposed that vanadates mainly form the octahedral complexes with lactate, 2-hydroxybutyrate, glycerate, and malate. While, vanadates form the trigonal-bipyramidal complexes with glycolate, tartarate, and 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate, and tetrahedral complexes with pyruvate(diol), 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, and 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate. The bipyramidal products are formed as monomeric compounds. The octahedral products are formed as dimeric compounds with no evidence for a significant proportion of the monomeric derivatives. The complexes are mainly formed through the coordination at the carboxylate and the 2-hydroxyl groups of the ligands
Transverse Coupling in Fiber Optics Part III: Bending Losses (1974)

A general method is proposed to evaluate the radiation loss of bent open waveguides. This method consists in evaluating the coupling between the waveguide mode and the whispering-gallery modes that can be associated with the surrounding medium. The expression obtained for a reactive surface coincides with a previous result by Miller and Talanov. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> We investigate in detail the radiation loss of the fundamental (HE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> ) mode of a dielectric rod coupled to a slab. This arrangement, described in Part II of this article series, <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> provides a useful mode-selection technique. The radiation loss is given by a simple closed-form expression. We find that for a wavelength of 1 µm and a rod radius of 5 µm in physical contact with the slab, the bending loss is less than 1 dB/km if the radius of curvature, in the plane of the slab, exceeds 22 mm.
The associative processor system CAPRA: architecture and applications (1992)

The basic features of a content-addressable processor/register array (CAPRA) are discussed. The features are the inclusion of logic elements directly within the word cells or bit cells of memory, use of a maskable decoder to enable multiaccess to the memory and computing devices of the array, activity flags within the cells of the array to enable flexible definition of activity patterns, and integration of sensor elements for the direct parallel input of optical data. The architecture's potential applications in database support, basic numerical tasks, and image processing are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Breast cancer histopathological image classification using Convolutional Neural Networks (2016)

The performance of most conventional classification systems relies on appropriate data representation and much of the efforts are dedicated to feature engineering, a difficult and time-consuming process that uses prior expert domain knowledge of the data to create useful features. On the other hand, deep learning can extract and organize the discriminative information from the data, not requiring the design of feature extractors by a domain expert. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are a particular type of deep, feedforward network that have gained attention from research community and industry, achieving empirical successes in tasks such as speech recognition, signal processing, object recognition, natural language processing and transfer learning. In this paper, we conduct some preliminary experiments using the deep learning approach to classify breast cancer histopathological images from BreaKHis, a publicly dataset available at http://web.inf.ufpr.br/vri/breast-cancer-database. We propose a method based on the extraction of image patches for training the CNN and the combination of these patches for final classification. This method aims to allow using the high-resolution histopathological images from BreaKHis as input to existing CNN, avoiding adaptations of the model that can lead to a more complex and computationally costly architecture. The CNN performance is better when compared to previously reported results obtained by other machine learning models trained with hand-crafted textural descriptors. Finally, we also investigate the combination of different CNNs using simple fusion rules, achieving some improvement in recognition rates.
Evaluation of cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant properties of sugar cane policosanols in hamsters and humans (2008)

Atherosclerosis prevention is now a main focus of the scientific community and pharmaceutical industry. Sugar cane policosanols (SCPs) have gained increasing popularity over the last decade as a result of numerous studies conducted in Cuba that consider SCPs as a natural alternative to statin drugs. However, independent research on policosanols was not able to replicate cholesterol reductions reported by Cuban laboratories. No independent study to date has examined the cholesterol-lowering effect and antioxidant capacity of original SCPs in humans. In addition, since independent research was criticized because of the use of alternative policosanol formulations, the source and composition of policosanol mixtures are now at the core of the policosanol controversy. The aim of this thesis project was first to compare the composition and cholesterol-lowering effects of different SCP preparations in hamsters, and second to test the cholesterol-lowering efficacy, mechanism of action, and antioxidant capacity of the original Cuban SCP in hypercholesterolemic humans. In study 1, 48 male hamsters were randomly assigned to 4 groups for a period of 4 weeks: (i) non-cholesterol control, (ii) cholesterol control, (iii) original SCPs, and (iv) alternative SCPs. Hamsters were sacrificed and blood was collected at the end of the feeding period for lipid measurements. In study 2, 21 hypercholesterolemic volunteers consumed 10 mg·d –1 of SCPs or a placebo for a period of 28 days in a crossover trial. Plasma lipid levels and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation were measured at the start and end of supplementation phases. Cholesterol absorption and synthesis were assessed using a single-isotope, single-tracer technique and deuterium incorporation, respectively. There was no significant difference in cholesterol-lowering efficacy between hamsters in the original and alternative SCP groups relative to the control. Similarly, in hypercholesterolemic humans, supplementation with original SCPs did not significantly improve lipid parameters and no change in cholesterol absorption or synthesis was observed relative to the control. In vivo assessment of LDL oxidation showed no significant changes in oxidized LDL concentration relative to baseline and control. The present thesis disagrees with previous Cuban data on the cardio-protective role of SCPs in animals and humans and supports independent studies showing no cholesterol-lowering effect and no antioxidant capacity.
Requirements traceability in an integrated development environment (2002)

Good development environment support is essential for good requirements traceability. The paper describes how requirements traceability is supported in Bell-Northern Research's Integrated Development Environment, an internally developed version control and configuration management environment. Emphasis is given to the way in which requirements traceability interacts with the key features of the environment: generic (tool independent), fine-grained design information management that permits users to quickly integrate new tools, and version control/configuration management.
Zen and the art of learning support (1994)

Bellcore is a mid-size telecommunications research company.
Angle Diversity Reception for LOS Digital Microwave Radio (1985)

Digital transmission over line-of-sight (LOS) microwave links is impaired at times by multipath fading in the propagation channel. The multipath can be a result of surface reflections, or induced by atmospheric anomalies such as strong ducting gradients. One principal method of overcoming the effects of multipath is to use a form of diversity transmission and reception. The common forms of diversity in LOS links are frequency and space, or combinations of both in severe cases. This paper describes an alternative form of diversity using angle (of arrival) diversity at the receiving terminal. This form of diversity has the advantages of a) limiting the antenna elevations required for space diversity, and b) spectral efficiency when compared with frequency diversity.
Introduction (2015)

Extract For more than a decade now, the tragic terror attacks of September 11, 2001, have dominated Western thinking, discourses, and sentiments about Islam, especially those articulations of the religion that value or prioritize public recognition of sharī‘ah as the basis of Muslim law, politics, and society. In this context, the negative associations spawned by the specter of al-Qā‘idah, Usāmah b. Lādin (until recently), the Ṭālibān, Ayman al-Ẓawāhirī, or even the Muslim Brotherhood have occupied so much of our collective psychological space that they have left little room for recognizing variety discord, or evolution in the thought, activities, or aspirations of contemporary Islamist movements. Understandably, this has weakened our ability to discern any substantive differences between those who express their commitment to Islam in ways that threaten America’s security and those whose Islamic commitments simply go against this or that purported American ideal. And yet, failure to appreciate this distinction not only blinds us to the presence of potential allies or constructive interlocutors,1Close it can generate and sustain disproportionate levels of fear and what Amitai Etzioni refers to as “Multiple Realism Deficiency Disorder (MRDD).”2Close In the end, all of this can congeal into the self-fulflling prophesy that greater adherence to Islam can only imply greater danger for America and the West.
Evaluation of Commercial Production A533-B Plates and Weld Deposits Tailored for Improved Radiation Embrittlement Resistance (2009)

A cooperative AEC/C-E/NRL research program is exploring trends in radiation effects for commercially produced ASTM A533-B steel plates, weld deposits, and weld heat affected zones with three controlled levels of impurity copper content. The primary objective is to establish the trend of improved 550$sup 0$F (288$sup 0$C) radiation performance with progressive reductions in allowable copper content. Objectives are to develop information assisting the formulation of special specifications for steels for nuclear service and the delineation of associated embrittlement trends for vessel design and operation. This report summarizes findings on the radiation resistance of two of three series of A533-B plates and weldments. Series 1 materials contained greater than or equal to 0.15 percent Cu, typical of nonimproved steel production (pre-1971). Series 2 materials contained 0.10 percent Cu max, representative of improved steel production (current practice). Radiation resistance was assessed from Charpy-V (Cv) notch ductility changes with irradiation to two fluence levels: 2-3 x 10$sup 19$ and 4.5 x 10$sup 19$ n/cm$sup 2$ greater than 1 MeV. Data trends indicate a marked improvement in radiation resistance with the specification of 0.10 percent max Cu. The improvement is evident both in a smaller increase in Cv 30 ft-lb transition temperature and inmore » a smaller decrease in Cv upper shelf energy with irradiation. New ASTM and AWS specifications proposing to restrict the copper, phosphorous and sulfur contents of A533-B plates and weld deposits for nuclear service are reviewed and appear well formulated from the experimental findings presented here. The effectiveness of postirradiation 650 F (343 C)-168 hour heat treatment for notch toughness recovery was also explored. 12 fig, 6 tables. (auth)« less
Measurements of electronic mean free paths in argon plasmas (1970)

Measurements of electronic free paths in argon discharge using interaction between plasma electrons and slow wave on helix
<title>Double-Sided Heat Sinking for The Injection Laser Diode</title> (1980)

The method of mounting laser diodes between thin metal plates for more efficient heat sinking is discussed. The principles involved in making the double-sided heat sink ope rate over a large temperature range without stressing the laser diode are explained. Double-sided heat sink diodes both single heterostructure and stripe geometry double heterostructure configuration can be operated at higher average power output, higher duty factor, and greater efficiency than with a standard single heat sink.
Modeling the Expressivity of Input Text Semantics for Chinese Text-to-Speech Synthesis in a Spoken Dialog System (2009)

This work focuses on the development of expressive text-to-speech synthesis techniques for a Chinese spoken dialog system, where the expressivity is driven by the message content. We adapt the three-dimensional pleasure-displeasure, arousal-nonarousal and dominance-submissiveness (PAD) model for describing expressivity in input text semantics. The context of our study is based on response messages generated by a spoken dialog system in the tourist information domain. We use the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</i> (pleasure) and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</i> (arousal) dimensions to describe expressivity at the prosodic word level based on <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">lexical</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">semantics</i> . The <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</i> (dominance) dimension is used to describe expressivity at the utterance level based on <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dialog</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">acts</i> . We analyze contrastive (neutral versus expressive) speech recordings to develop a nonlinear perturbation model that incorporates the PAD values of a response message to transform neutral speech into expressive speech. Two levels of perturbations are implemented-local perturbation at the prosodic word level, as well as global perturbation at the utterance level. Perceptual experiments involving 14 subjects indicate that the proposed approach can significantly enhance expressivity in response generation for a spoken dialog system.
Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis to detect p53 mutations: characterization and development of controls (1997)

Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis is widely used to prescreen mutations in p53 gene. However, standardization of SSCP to detect p53 mutations has rarely been pursued so far. We have developed complete conditions for a temperature-controlled nonradioactive SSCP for mutation detection in amplified p53 exons 4-8, where mutations frequently occur in human tumors. Easily obtainable and clearly distinguishable positive controls were developed by replacing the regular 5' primers in amplification with primers that include one to three mutated sites. Careful purification of the amplified products by gel electrophoresis appeared to be essential. The efficiency of the method was studied by using previously sequenced samples with p53 mutations and the various positive controls. The use of two temperatures (exon 4: 4 degrees C and 15 degrees C; other exons: 4 degrees C and 20 degrees C) in combination with other optimized conditions resulted in 98% efficiency in mutation detection, which was considered sufficient for routine screening.
Neuro-Ophthalmic Manifestations of Head Trauma (2001)

Head trauma causes a number of neuroophthalmic manifestations. The afferent and efferent pathways are vulnerable to traumatic injury, although the efferent system is more commonly affected. Loss of consciousness may not be a reliable predictor of specific neuro-ophthalmic outcomes, but neuroimaging abnormalities may.