gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Climbing the ladder: capability maturity model integration level 3 (2010)

This article details the attempt to form a complete workflow model for an information and communication technologies (ICT) company in order to achieve a capability maturity model integration (CMMI) maturity rating of 3. During this project, business processes across the company's core and auxiliary sectors were documented and extended using modern enterprise modelling tools and a The Open Group Architectural Framework (TOGAF) methodology. Different challenges were encountered with regard to process customisation and tool support for enterprise modelling. In particular, there were problems with the reuse of process models, the integration of different project management methodologies and the integration of the Rational Unified Process development process framework that had to be solved. We report on these challenges and the perceived effects of the project on the company. Finally, we point out research directions that could help to improve the situation in the future.
The Everett-Wheeler interpretation and the open future (2011)

I discuss the meaning of probability in the Everett‐Wheeler interpretation of quantum mechanics, together with the problem of defining histories. To resolve these, I propose an understanding of probability arising from a form of temporal logic: the probability of a future‐tense proposition is identified with its truth value in a many‐valued and context‐dependent logic. In short, probability is degree of truth. These ideas relate to traditional naive ideas of time and chance. Indeed, I argue that Everettian quantum mechanics is the only form of scientific theory that truly incorporates the perception that the future is open.
Pattern discovery in sequences under a Markov assumption (2002)

In this paper we investigate the general problem of discovering recurrent patterns that are embedded in categorical sequences. An important real-world problem of this nature is motif discovery in DNA sequences. We investigate the fundamental aspects of this data mining problem that can make discovery "easy" or "hard." We present a general framework for characterizing learning in this context by deriving the Bayes error rate for this problem under a Markov assumption. The Bayes error framework demonstrates why certain patterns are much harder to discover than others. It also explains the role of different parameters such as pattern length and pattern frequency in sequential discovery. We demonstrate how the Bayes error can be used to calibrate existing discovery algorithms, providing a lower bound on achievable performance. We discuss a number of fundamental issues that characterize sequential pattern discovery in this context, present a variety of empirical results to complement and verify the theoretical analysis, and apply our methodology to real-world motif-discovery problems in computational biology.
The development of ICU-Talk a communication aid for patients in intensive care units (2000)

ICU-Talk is a three year collaborative research project, funded by the Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC), to develop and evaluate a communication aid for patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) who are temporarily unable to speak due to intubation. The project is staffed by a software engineer, an ICU nurse, a speech and language therapist and a PhD student. The paper outlines the development of ICU-Talk and the results from the first nine months of the project. (4 pages)
J1102-1-5 X-ray Strain Measurements for Titanium Material Implanted in Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue (2009)

An X-ray diffraction technique can be used to measure the strain of Titanium (Ti) materials. In this study, the X-ray diffraction method was applied to the skin tissue covered Ti materials. Characteristic X-rays of Mo-Ka were used in this method and the diffracted X-rays from Ti could be detected transmit through the skin tissue with 1 mm thickness. The individual peaks such as (010), (002), (011) and (110) were clearly recognized by using parallel beam setup. The X-ray absorption by skin tissue is to be large under the diffracted X-rays detected in low angles because the length of penetration path depends on the inclined angle equal to Bragg angle. The incident and diffracted X-rays were traveled for 8.6 mm in the tissue calculated under Bragg angle of 13.5 deg for diffraction from (110) lattice planes. The strain measurements were conducted under the bending load applied to Ti specimen of 30×10×2 mm in size. The strain of (110) lattice planes could be measured even the Ti specimen was located under the skin tissue. The strains were almost same values with or without the tissue covered.
Structuring Techniques for Constraint Satisfaction Problems (1997)

We present a structuring method for discrete constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs). It takes advantage of interchangeabilities to represent sets of equivalent values by meta-values and thus obtain more compact representations. Strongly related variables are clustered into meta-variables to create occurrences of interchangeabilities. By iterative application, a CSP can be transformed into an hierarchy of equivalent CSPs, where each problem is significantly simpler than the original one. This structure is particularly advantageous when a large set of possible solutions must be inspected. 1 Introduction We consider binary CSPs defined by P = (X; D;C;R), where X = fX 1 ; : : : ; Xng is a set of variables, D = fD 1 ; : : : ; Dng a set of finite domains associated with the variables, C = fC 1 ; : : : ; Cm g a set of constraints, and R =fR ij ` D i \\Theta D j for C ij applicable to X i and X j g a set of relations that define the value combinations allowed by the constraints. Solving s...
Performance of Carbon Black. Influence of Surface Roughness and Porosity (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTE DannenbergCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1955, 47, 2, 59Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1955Publication History Published online6 October 2008Published inissue 1 February 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50542a620https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50542a620research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Metal based asymmetric catalysis in Baeyer-Villiger oxidations (2002)

One of the objectives of the present thesis was to improve the efficiency of an aluminium-catalyzed Baeyer-Villiger oxidation. This system was based on a mediating species formed by enantiopure 2,2'-dihydroxy-1,1'-binaphthyl (BINOL) and Me2AlCl and utilized a hydroperoxide as oxidant. A first attempt towards an optimized version relied upon the modification of the substitution pattern of the binaphthyl ligand. The introduction of electron-withdrawing groups in position 6 and 6' of the binaphthyl scaffold had a positive influence on the enantioselectivity, affording lactones with up to 81% ee at full conversion. A further investigation was undertaken concerning the structure of the oxidant. Modest co-operative effects between the chiral ligand and a chiral hydroperoxide as a result of matched and mismatched combinations were observed. Moreover, a new asymmetric variant of the Baeyer-Villiger rearrangement was devised. The combination of enantiopure BINOL and properly chosen magnesium reagents gave rise to species that were able to mediate the oxidation of prochiral cyclobutanones to the corresponding butyrolactones in high yields and with modest to good enantioselectivity. It was also demonstrated that Baeyer-Villiger reactions can be performed efficiently in compressed CO2 at room temperature using the Mukaiyama system, i.e. oxygen as terminal oxidant and an aldehyde as co-reductant. For instance, cyclohexanone and norbornan-2-one reacted smoothly, yielding the corresponding lactones with 75% and 92% conversion, respectively
Economic impact of prescribing error prevention with computerized physician order entry of injectable antineoplastic drugs (2012)

are expressed in terms of benefit-to-cost ratio and total benefit. The robustness of the results was assessed through a series of one-way sensitivity analyses. Over 1 year, prescribing error incidence was estimated at 1.5% [1.3-1.7], i.e. 218 avoided prescribing errors. Potential avoidance of hospital stay was estimated at 419 days or 1.9 ± 0.3 days per prescribing error. Cost-benefit analysis could estimate a net benefit-to-cost ratio of 33.3 (€17.34/€0.52) and a total benefit at €16.82 per pharmaceutical analysis or €249,844 per year. The sensitivity analysis showed robustness of results. Our study shows a substantial economic benefit of pharmaceutical analysis and intervention in the prevention of prescribing errors. The clinical pharmacist adds both value and economic benefit, making it possible to avoid additional use of expensive antineoplastic drugs and hospitalization. Computerized physician order entry of antineoplastic drugs improves the relevance of clinical pharmacist interventions, expanding pharmaceutical analysis and also the role of the pharmacist.
Erratum: Growth of Diamond Seed Crystals by Vapor Deposition (1968)

First Page
Influence of resuscitation status on the performance of APACHE III, APACHE IV and SAPS III (2011)

The presence of a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order is an independent predictor of mortality in ICU patients [1]. Of the major ICU prognostic scoring systems, only MPM III includes DNR status as a predictor. The influence of DNR status on APACHE III and IV and SAPS III is unknown. We hypothesized that there would be differences in the performances of APACHE III, APACHE IV, and SAPS III when DNR status was included as a predictor variable.
Neutron Computed Tomography (1981)

A neutron-transmission computed tomography scanning system has been built for scanning biological materials. An oxygen filtered beam of 2.35 MeV neutrons was used for the measurements. The studies to date show that the interactions of these energy neutrons with samples simulating biological materials are more sensitive than X-rays to variations in the content of the material, thus providing the ability to produce high quality images. The neutron scans suggest that neutrons can be an effective radiation for the imaging of biological materials.
Effect of solution treatment on the microstructure and properties of 0Cr17Mn11Mo3N steel prepared by metal powder injection molding (2007)

A kind of high nitrogen and nickel-free stainless steel(0Cr17Mn11Mo3N) with a content of 0.78%N was prepared by metal powder injection molding.The effect of solution treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties was discussed.The results show that solution treatment can improve the microstructure and properties of the steel greatly.After solution treatment,the microstructure of the sample changes from austenite,ferrite and network of Cr_2N to fully austenite,and mechanical properties is improved significantly.Ultimate strength and elongation of the steel increase to 885MPa and 26% which means 1.3 times and 2.2 times of that before solution,respectively.Intergranular and dimpled fracture are observed for the samples before solution treatment while dimpled fracture occurs for the solution treated samples.
Frequency characteristics of self-sustained intensity oscillation of a laser diode using a delayed electrical feedback (1982)

Frequency characteristics of self-sustained intensity oscillation of a laser diode, introduced by a delayed electrical feedback using an optical fiber, is investigated. A step-index multimode fiber is utilized as an optical delay line, and it is found that the spectral profile of the self-sustained intensity oscillation follows the baseband frequency response of the fiber.
Quantitative metabolic profiling of valproic acid in humans using automated gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques (1989)

An automated gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric assay is described for the antiepileptic drug valproic acid (VPA) and 14 of its metabolites in plasma or urine. Quantitative analysis of the parent drug and its biotransformation products was carried out with the aid of trimethylsilyl derivatives, and was performed by selected ion monitoring gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (normally of [M-CH3]+ species) using an HP 5790 mass selective detector (MSD) quadrupole mass spectrometer. The analysis was fully automated, in that simple injection, data acquisition, integration, quantification and report functions were carried out during unattended operation by an HP 59970C ChemStation computer system. The method exhibits good accuracy and high precision, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.990 for all standard curves. Replicate analyses of pooled plasma samples over a 4 month period exhibited an inter-day variation of less than 15% for the parent drug and ten of its metabolites. Moreover, the high dynamic range of the MSD instrument permitted quantification of VPA and minor metabolites thereof (e.g. the hepatotoxic terminal olefin, delta 4-VPA) at levels as disparate as 260 micrograms ml-1 (VPA) and 14 ng ml-1 (delta 4-VPA) in a single analysis. The high stability and sensitivity of the assay, combined with the fully automated features of the instrumentation, make the method ideally suited to expanded clinical studies and for the routine monitoring of potentially high-risk patients on VPA therapy.
KH-type splicing regulatory protein controls colorectal cancer cell growth and modulates the tumor microenvironment (2018)

ABSTRACT KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KHSRP) is a multifunctional nucleic acid binding protein implicated in key aspects of cancer cell biology: inflammation and cell-fate determination. However, the role KHSRP plays in colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. Using a combination of in silico analysis of large datasets, ex vivo analysis of protein expression in patients, and mechanistic studies using in vitro models of CRC, we investigated the oncogenic role of KHSRP. We demonstrated KHSRP expression in the epithelial and stromal compartments of both primary and metastatic tumors. Elevated expression was found in tumor versus matched normal tissue, and we validated these findings in larger independent cohorts in silico. KHSRP expression was a prognostic indicator of worse overall survival (HR=3.74, 95% CI = 1.43-22.97, p=0.0138). Mechanistic data in CRC cell line models supported a role of KHSRP in driving epithelial cell proliferation in both a primary and metastatic setting, through control of the G1/S transition. Additionally, KHSRP promoted a pro-angiogenic extracellular environment by regulating the secretion of oncogenic proteins involved in diverse cellular processes such as migration and response to cellular stress. Our study provides novel mechanistic insight into the tumor-promoting effects of KHSRP in CRC.
Bi[3,5-dimethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxomorpholin-3-yl] (DHM-3 dimer). A water-soluble, one-electron reducing agent (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBi[3,5-dimethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxomorpholin-3-yl] (DHM-3 dimer). A water-soluble, one-electron reducing agentGiorgio Gaudiano and Tad H. KochCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 14, 3073–3081Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00390a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00390a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views180Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
What can stimulated emission do for bioimaging? (2013)

Advances in bioimaging have revolutionized our ability to study life phenomena at a microscopic scale. In particular, the stimulated emission process, a universal mechanism that competes with spontaneous emission, has emerged as a powerful driving force for advancing light microscopy. The present review summarizes and compares three related techniques that each measure a different physical quantity involved in the stimulated emission process in order to tackle various challenges in light microscopy. Stimulated emission depletion microscopy, which detects the residual fluorescence after quenching, can break the diffraction-limited resolution barrier in fluorescence microscopy. Stimulated emission microscopy is capable of imaging nonfluorescent but absorbing chromophores by detecting the intensity gain of the stimulated emission beam. Very recently, stimulated emission reduced fluorescence microscopy has been proposed, in which the reduced fluorescence due to focal stimulation is measured to extend the fundamental imaging-depth limit of two-photon microscopy. Thus, through ingenious spectroscopy design in distinct microscopy contexts, stimulated emission has opened up several new territories for bioimaging, allowing examination of biological structures that are ever smaller, darker, and deeper.
Experimental Investigation of an Adaptively Phased Large Aperture Array at VHF (1968)

A t:x,o element adaptively phased array operating at 136 MHz and using the APDAR receiver as the coherent combiner is evaluated.The measured SNR improvement capability of this space diversity system during active satellite experiments is presented.The measured relative phase between the antennas and representative spectra of these data are also given.
Characterisation and application of a murine monoclonal antibody specific for the serogroup C2 Salmonella (1988)

An IgG3 murine monoclonal antibody (designated MO8) specific for the serogroup C2 Salmonella lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was generated by fusing mouse myeloma cells NS1 with spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunised with heat-killed S. manhattan. MO8 reacted with purified LPS prepared from serogroup C2 Salmonella but did not react with that prepared from other O serogroups, and its reactivity was also specifically absorbed by serogroup C2 Salmonella only. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the serogroup C2 LPS and subsequent immunoblotting with MO8 yielded multiple reactive bands giving a characteristic ladder pattern. The specificity of MO8 was further demonstrated in the slide agglutination test with 223 bacteria, of which only 25 belonging to serogroup C2 Salmonella reacted with the MO8 ascitic fluid. The specificity of MO8 makes it useful not only for the serological identification of Salmonella but also for the epitope analysis of the serogroup C2 LPS.
Zur Chemie der 1,3,5-Triaza-2-phosphorinan-4,6-dione. Teil IX. Umsetzungen einiger 1,3,5-Triorgano-1,3,5-triaza-2λ<sup>3</sup>-phosphorinan-4,6-dione mit Hexafluoraceton / Chemistry of the 1,3,5-Triaza-2-phosphorinan-4,6-diones. Part IX. Reaction of some 1,3,5-Triorgano-1,3,5-triaza-2λ<sup>3</sup>-phosphorinan-4,6-diones with Hexafluoroacetone (1995)

The reactions of 2-(2-chloroethyl)amino-1,5-dimethyl-3-phenyl-1,3,5-triaza-2λ 3 -phosphorinan- 4,6-dione (1), 2-bis(2-chloroethyl)amino-1,5-dimethyl-3-phenyl-1,3,5-triaza-2A3-phosphorinan- 4,6-dione (2), 2-methoxy-1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-triaza-2λ 3 -phosphorinan-4,6-dione (3) and 2-trimethylsiloxy-1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-triaza-2λ 3 -phosphorinan-4,6-dione (5) with hexafluoracetone are described. In the case of 2 and 3 the reaction furnished the spirocyclic compounds 7 and 8. 2-Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino-1,3,5-triphenyl-1,3,5-triaza-2λ 3 -phosphorinan- 4,6-dione (4) did not react. In the case of 1 and 5 rearrangement reactions took place; the (2-chloroethyl)amino substituent of 1 reacted with one of two equivalents of hexafluoroacetone with formation of the spirocyclic phosphorane 6. The reaction of 5 with tetrabromoorthobenzoquinone gave the phosphoryl compound 9. Compounds 6 - 8 were characterized via their 1 H-, 13 C-, 19 F- and 31 P-NMR and mass spectra, compound 9 via its 1 H-, 13 C- and 31 P-NMR and mass spectra. An X-ray crystal structure determination of 8 was conducted; in the six-membered ring the phosphorus atom lies 73 pm out of the plane of the other atoms, and displays trigonal bipyramidal coordination.
Heat Transfer of Solid Particulate and Gaseous Heat Carrier in an Airlift Apparatus (2002)

This paper considers the heat transfer process between solid particulates with heat source and gaseous heat transfer carrier in airlift apparatus during the pneumatic transportation. This case has many important practical applications in heat transfer systems where heat is generated within or absorbed by the particulate. Examples of such processes include drying processes, chemically reacting systems, and combustion processes. The two most important parameters in the thermal treatment of solid particulates in this case are the temperatures of solids and the gaseous heat carriers. Traditionally, these temperatures are considered as functions of x-ordinate along the heat transfer duct of the apparatus. Such an approach leads to the subsequent difficulties because it is necessary to solve simultaneously the differential equations of particulates and gaseous heat transfer carrier motion and the equations of heat transfer. This paper considers a deviation from this traditional approach and presents a set of differential equations in which the parameter is a heat transfer surface of the particulates. This approach reduces the number of differential equations describing the process and significantly simplifies the analytical formulation of the problem and hence the solution itself. The provided solutions allow for determining the temperatures of both the solids and the gaseous heat carriers as a function of particulate heat transfer surface. Two specific cases addressed here are heat transfer and heat and mass transfer when heat is generated within or absorbed by the particulates.