gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition by ultraviolet and photosynthetically available radiation lowers model estimates of depth‐integrated picophytoplankton photosynthesis: global predictions for <i>Prochlorococcus</i> and <i>Synechococcus</i> (2016)

Phytoplankton photosynthesis is often inhibited by ultraviolet (UV) and intense photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), but the effects on ocean productivity have received little consideration aside from polar areas subject to periodic enhanced UV-B due to depletion of stratospheric ozone. A more comprehensive assessment is important for understanding the contribution of phytoplankton production to the global carbon budget, present and future. Here, we consider responses in the temperate and tropical mid-ocean regions typically dominated by picophytoplankton including the prokaryotic lineages, Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus. Spectral models of photosynthetic response for each lineage were constructed using model strains cultured at different growth irradiances and temperatures. In the model, inhibition becomes more severe once exposure exceeds a threshold (E<sub>max</sub> ) related to repair capacity. Model parameters are presented for Prochlorococcus adding to those previously presented for Synechococcus. The models were applied to estimate midday, water column photosynthesis based on an atmospheric model of spectral radiation, satellite-derived spectral water transparency and temperature. Based on a global survey of inhibitory exposure severity, a full-latitude section of the mid-Pacific and near-equatorial region of the east Pacific were identified as representative regions for prediction of responses over the entire water column. Comparing predictions integrated over the water column including versus excluding inhibition, production was 7-28% lower due to inhibition depending on strain and site conditions. Inhibition was consistently greater for Prochlorococcus compared to two strains of Synechococcus. Considering only the surface mixed layer, production was inhibited 7-73%. On average, including inhibition lowered estimates of midday productivity around 20% for the modeled region of the Pacific with UV accounting for two-thirds of the reduction. In contrast, most other productivity models either ignore inhibition or only include PAR inhibition. Incorporation of E<sub>max</sub> model responses into an existing spectral model of depth-integrated, daily production will enable efficient global predictions of picophytoplankton productivity including inhibition.
Effect of side‐chain structure on poly‐α‐olefin properties (1963)

Abstract Series of α‐olefins were prepared and polymerized with Al(C 2 H 5 ) 3 –VCl 3 catalyst. Melting points, softening points, and degrees of crystallinity of the polymers were measured and the physical nature of the systems was discussed. Olefins studied were those having the general formula CH 2 CH(CH 2 ) x R, where x = 0−3, and R is methyl, isopropyl, tert ‐butyl, phenyl, or cyclohexyl.
First IBEX observations of the terrestrial plasma sheet and a possible disconnection event (2011)

[1] The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission has recently provided the first all-sky maps of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) emitted from the edge of the heliosphere as well as the first observations of ENAs from the Moon and from the magnetosheath stagnation region at the nose of the magnetosphere. This study provides the first IBEX images of the ENA emissions from the nightside magnetosphere and plasma sheet. We show images from two IBEX orbits: one that displays typical plasma sheet emissions, which correlate reasonably well with a model magnetic field, and a second that shows a significant intensification that may indicate a near-Earth (∼10 RE behind the Earth) disconnection event. IBEX observations from ∼0.5–6 keV indicate the simultaneous addition of both a hot (several keV) and colder (∼700 eV) component during the intensification; if IBEX directly observed magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail, the hot component may signify the plasma energization.
Mica Insulating Tape for Large Generators with High Thermal Conductivity (2018)

We have developed two types of mica tapes, a resin rich (RR) tape and a vacuum pressure impregnation (VPI) tape. A RR tape is little load to the environment and indicates highly thermal conductivity. On the other hand, conventional impregnation process can be used for a VPI tape. Generally, as a stator coil of a generator, a two-layered mica tape comprising a mica-layer and a glass fabric-layer is used. In order to satisfy high thermal conductivity, superior insulation properties and impregnation properties simultaneously, we designed the composition of a mica-layer and a glass fabric-layer. Both types of developed mica tapes show 2.2 times higher thermal conductivity and have a thermal resistance of 54-55%, comparing with the conventional ones. Furthermore, they showed superior insulation properties at practical use electrical intensity. In addition, impregnation properties for VPI tape is equivalent to conventional ones. Thus the developed highly thermal conductive mica insulating tape may be applicable to the high efficiency of the large-capacity thermal generators, contributing the reduction of the environmental load.
ABSTRACT: Significance of ODP Results on Deep Water Exploration - Greater Niger Delta Region (2001)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Rearrangement of Some Piperidine N-Oxides to Hexahydro-1,2-oxazepines<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRearrangement of Some Piperidine N-Oxides to Hexahydro-1,2-oxazepines1Louis D. Quin and Frank A. ShelburneCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 9, 3135–3138Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01020a062https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01020a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views272Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF CONDENSED SYSTEMS OF PYRIMIDINE, PYRAZINE, AND PYRIDINE. XXVI. REACTION OF 5‐HYDROXY‐6‐AMINOPYRIMIDINES WITH HALOMALONIC ESTERS (1978)

Abstract Die Halogenmalonsäureester (II) werden mit Hydroxy‐aminopyrimidinen (I) kondensiert.
Impact of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor on dose intensity and toxicity of three cycles of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin in patients with previously untreated urothelial bladder carcinoma. (1996)

This single arm, open labeled, non randomized study was aimed to evaluate the toxicity of 3 cycles of MVAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin) with rhG-CSF (5 micrograms/kg/day from day 3 to day 14), on 14 patients with previously untreated infiltrating bladder carcinoma, 42 cycles were administered. Chemotherapy toxicity was very low, with 7% of neutropenia grade 3 or 4.4% of thrombocytopenia grade 2, no mucositis above grade 2 and no nadir sepsis. Bone pain related to rhG-CSF occurred in 14% of cycles. 88% of the cycles were given at full dose without any delay and mean relative dose intensity was 96.4% (RDI was 100% for 9 patients). One patient achieved a complete pathological response (cystectomy: 1) and 6 clinical responses with negative transurethral resection. Addition of rhG-CSF to MVAC chemotherapy allows a high dose intensity of MVAC with very low toxicity over 3 cycles. This association should be compared to standard MVAC or intensified regimens to evaluate efficacy, toxicity, and cost effectiveness.
Ion-pair aggregation in solutions of complexes of carbanion salts and macrocyclic polyethers (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIon-pair aggregation in solutions of complexes of carbanion salts and macrocyclic polyethersU. Takaki, T. E. Hogen Esch, and J. SmidCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1972, 76, 15, 2152–2155Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100659a015https://doi.org/10.1021/j100659a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Genetic diversity of human head lice and molecular detection of associated bacterial pathogens in Democratic Republic of Congo (2019)

To our knowledge, this study reports for the first time, the presence of clade E head lice in DR Congo. This study is also the first to report the presence of Acinetobacter species DNAs in human head lice in DR Congo.
Transition from failing dentition to a fixed implant-supported restoration: a staged approach. (2007)

This article describes a staged approach to provide a fixed restoration to patients with a hopeless dentition without a removable provisional phase. The rehabilitation protocol, which includes initial conservative periodontal care, starts with strategic extraction of some of the remaining teeth. The aim of the first step is to permit implant placement and to strategically keep residual teeth as abutments for a provisional fixed denture during the implant healing period. After the implants have osseointegrated, abutment connection is performed, residual teeth are extracted and, simultaneously, a second group of implants is placed. A second fixed provisional restoration is delivered to the patient. After the second group of implants has healed, the patient is ready to undergo normal prosthetic treatment. Advantages of the technique include no removable provisional prosthesis, soft tissue management, preserved function and enhanced esthetics during treatment, and prosthetically driven implant placement. The main drawbacks are extended treatment time, adjustments of the provisional restorations, and no less than two surgical steps.
Comparisons of packet scheduling algorithms for fair service among connections (2003)

We investigate the performance of TCP under several packet scheduling algorithms at the router. Our main focus is how fair service can be provided for elastic applications sharing the link capacity. For this purpose, we consider the following three packet scheduling algorithms; FIFO (First In First Out), RED (Random Early Detection), and DRR (Deficit Round Robin). Through simulation and analysis results, we discuss the degree of achieved fairness in those scheduling algorithms. Furthermore, we propose a new algorithm which combines the RED and DRR algorithm in order to prevent an unfairness property of the original DRR algorithm.
Numerical investigation of a forced-air cooled condenser using 1D-3D-coupling. (2018)

To further improve the efficiency of refrigerators and freezers, it is necessary to optimize the whole cooling cycle. With one-dimensional numerical simulation programs, the transient behavior of the refrigeration cycle over more than 24 hours can be calculated. A major challenge here is to find appropriate heat transfer coefficients especially when the heat transfer is mainly influenced by forced-ventilation. In the present paper a refrigerator with a forced-air cooled condenser is investigated. To take the influences of the air flow and the condenser geometry on the simulated heat transfer into consideration, three-dimensional flow simulations are used. Due to superheating, subcooling and the transient behavior, the temperature varies across the condenser. Since the transferred heat strongly depends on the distribution of the temperature across the condenser surface, it would be necessary to run the 3d-CFD-simulation after every time step of the 1-d-simulation. To avoid this tremendous numerical effort, a more efficient method with so-called factors of influence is introduced. These factors of influence are calculated, using the results of around 30 CFD-simulations, which are performed with different temperature distributions. After the determination of these factors, the heat transfer for a given condenser geometry can be calculated for different temperature distributions with a simple algebraic equation. To validate this procedure, CFD-simulations with random temperature distributions are performed and compared with the results of the new method. The developed method has been implemented into the 1d-cycle-simulation. Thus it is possible to consider the geometry of the condenser and the complex flow field in the 1d-simulation without a noticeable increase of the computational effort. Finally the results of the cycle simulation are validated with measurement results.
Museum augmented interface for historical scale models: towards a new way for cultural heritage promotion (2015)

International audience
Reentrant phenomena in cyano substituted biphenyl esters containing flexible spacers (1989)

Abstract A number of 4′-substituted phenyl 4-(4′-cyano-4-oxybiphenyl)butanoates have been synthesized to study the effects of the -O-(CH2)3COO- inter-ring linkage on mesomorphic behaviour. Transition temperatures have been determined and are compared with those of the phenyl cyanobiphenylmethanoate analogues. In general, the butanoates exhibit lower melting points but in all cases, a lower nematic-isotropic transition is observed. An interesting feature of some members of the butanoate series is the presence of several reentrant mesophases. A unique phenomenon observed while studying the behaviour of one of the butanoates was the appearance of smectic filaments from the isotropic liquid on cooling. These filaments, through an unusual process, eventually form the typical smectic A texture. Formation of an SA phase from the isotropic liquid or the nematic phase in this fashion has not been reported previously.
The supraspinatus footprint: an anatomic study of the supraspinatus insertion (2004)

Articular partial-thickness tears with > 7 mm of exposed bone lateral to the articular margin should be considered significant tears approximating 50% of the tendon substance. Arthroscopic measurement of the exposed bone between the articular margin and the supraspinatus tendon insertion (footprint) is an accurate way to estimate tear depth and provide a rational, reproducible guideline for treatment.
Maneuvering target tracking by using particle filter (2002)

The aim of this research is to track a maneuvering target, e.g. a ship, an aircraft, and so on. We use a state-space representation to model this situation. The dynamics of the target is represented by a system model, firstly in continuous time, though a discretized system model is actually to be used in practice. The position of the target is measured by radar, and this process is described by a nonlinear observation model in polar coordinates. To follow abrupt changes in the target's motion due to sudden operations of the acceleration pedal, braking and steering, we propose the use of heavy-tailed non-Gaussian distribution for the system noise. Consequently, the model we use is a nonlinear non-Gaussian state-space model. A particle filter is used to estimate the target state of the nonlinear non-Gaussian model. The usefulness of the method is shown by simulation.
Crystalline organic semiconductor optical directional couplers and switches using an index-matching layer (1992)

A directional coupler using crystalline organic semiconductor waveguides grown by the vacuum process of organic molecular beam deposition is demonstrated. An index-matching layer placed between two coupled waveguides separated by a 1 mu m gap greatly increases the coupling coefficient, significantly decreasing the coupling length and making the device very compact. Switching of 1.06 mu m wavelength light from one guide to another in the coupler has been observed by pumping the surface of one guide in the coupling region with 0.514 mu m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Resonant Raman spectra of grades of human brain glioma tumors reveal the content of tryptophan by the 1588 cm<sup>-1</sup>mode (2015)

RR spectra of brain normal tissue, gliomas in low grade I and II, and malignant glioma tumors in grade III and IV were measured using a confocal micro Raman spectrometer. This report focus on the relative contents of tryptophan (W) in various grades of brain glioma tumors by the intrinsic molecular resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy method using the 1588cm<sup>-1</sup> of tryptophan mode by 532 nm excitation. The RR spectra of key fingerprints of tryptophan, with a main vibrational mode at 1588cm<sup>-1</sup> (W8b), were observed. It was found that tryptophan contribution was accumulated in grade I to IV gliomas and the mode of 1588cm<sup>-1</sup> in grade III and IV malignant gliomas were enhanced by resonance.
Current and potential use of pathogens in the management of turfgrass insects as affected by new pesticide regulations in North America (2009)

New legislation by governments and municipal authorities for the application of synthetic pesticides, including insecticides on turfgrass is currently changing the management of insect pests. Since the late 1990s, societal concerns over perceived health risks and environmental hazards of pesticides have led to tighter restrictions on insecticide use. In Canada, two provinces have banned the use of pesticides for cosmetic purposes and more than 152 municipalities have adopted some form of bylaw restricting or banning the use of landscape pesticides. Turfgrass managers are facing increasing constraints regarding the use of synthetic pesticides and only a few effective biological control agents are currently available on the markets to control turfgrass insects. Here we review the different pathogens that show potential for control and commercial use against turfgrass insect pests in North America. Even though numerous studies have shown the virulence of various pathogens against turfgrass insect pests, few of these pathogens are widely used. Limiting factors for their adoption include a narrow host range and, compared to synthetic insecticides, lower consistency, higher costs, and/or shorter shelf-life. However, new pesticide regulations, particularly in Canada, should lead to better opportunities for the biological control industry in turfgrass markets.
Sequence homology and immunologic cross-reactivity of human cytomegalovirus with HLA-DR beta chain: a means for graft rejection and immunosuppression (1988)

A peptide (Leu-Gly-Arg-Pro-Asp-Glu-Asp-Ser-Ser-Ser-Ser-Ser-Ser-Ser-Cys) that was identical to residues 82 through 96 of a predicted protein of 208 amino acids from the immediate-early region (IE-2) nucleic acid sequence of human cytomegalovirus was chemically synthesized. By computer analysis, the first five amino acids of this peptide showed sequence homology to the beta chain of the human histocompatibility complex HLA-DR. The homologous amino acids, 53 through 57, were located in a region that is conserved between the human DR beta chain and the beta chain of the H-2 class II histocompatibility antigen for mice. The shared region between the IE-2 protein and DR beta chain were similar in both hydrophilicity and predicted beta-turn potential. The IE-2 viral peptide induced antibodies that specifically recognized the human DR beta chain. These observations describe a protein encoded by the IE-2 region of human cytomegalovirus that contains sequence homology and shows immunologic cross-reactivity with a conserved domain of HLA-DR and suggest a mechanism to explain how human cytomegalovirus infection contributes to graft rejection after transplantation.
Simplification of Methods for PET Radiopharmaceutical Syntheses (2011)

In an attempt to develop simplified methods for radiochemical synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals useful in Positron Emission Tomography (PET), current commercially available automated synthesis apparati were evaluated for use with solid phase synthesis, thin-film techniques, microwave-accelerated chemistry, and click chemistry approaches. Using combinations of these techniques, it was shown that these automated synthesis systems can be simply and effectively used to support the synthesis of a wide variety of carbon-11 and fluorine-18 labeled compounds, representing all of the major types of compounds synthesized and using all of the common radiochemical precursors available. These techniques are available for use to deliver clinically useful amounts of PET radiopharmaceuticals with chemical and radiochemical purities and high specific activities, suitable for human administration.