gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Biologically inspired robotic inspectors: the engineering reality and future outlook (Keynote address)</title> (2005)

Human errors have long been recognized as a major factor in the reliability of nondestructive evaluation results. To minimize such errors, there is an increasing reliance on automatic inspection tools that allow faster and consistent tests. Crawlers and various manipulation devices are commonly used to perform variety of inspection procedures that include C-scan with contour following capability to rapidly inspect complex structures. The emergence of robots has been the result of the need to deal with parts that are too complex to handle by a simple automatic system. Economical factors are continuing to hamper the wide use of robotics for inspection applications however technology advances are increasingly changing this paradigm. Autonomous robots, which may look like human, can potentially address the need to inspect structures with configuration that are not predetermined. The operation of such robots that mimic biology may take place at harsh or hazardous environments that are too dangerous for human presence. Biomimetic technologies such as artificial intelligence, artificial muscles, artificial vision and numerous others are increasingly becoming common engineering tools. Inspired by science fiction, making biomimetic robots is increasingly becoming an engineering reality and in this paper the state-of-the-art will be reviewed and the outlook for the future will be discussed.
A Novel Sparse Group Gaussian Graphical Model for Functional Connectivity Estimation (2013)

International audience
Tandem radical translocation and homolytic aromatic substitution: a convenient and efficient route to oxindoles (1995)

Suitable o-bromo-N-methylanilides are efficiently converted into oxindoles by treatment with tributylstannane at 160 °C tanden translocation of the initially formed aryl radical and intramolecular homolytic substitution.
Micro-needle-based electro tactile display to present various tactile sensation (2015)

In prior work, micro-needle electrodes were developed, however they could only stimulate the tactile receptors that located very close to the surface and therefore, they could only present stinging sensation. We developed a newly electrotactile display which has a micro-needle electrode array and a counter flat electrode. The display can stimulate all the tactile receptors, which resulted in even lower voltage required to tactile stimulation and successful display of various tactile sensation.
Onset of phase separation in segmented urethane polymerization (1981)

Abstract The development of heterogeneous structure during the polymerization of a polyurethane system using a polyether diol of M̄ n = 2000 as the soft segment and 4,4′‐diphenylmethane disocyanate extended with 1,4‐butanediol as the hard segment was monitored following the amount of light transmitted by the sample and the increase in viscosity of the reacting mixture. The amount of light transmitted by the reacting sample was observed to decrease sharply at a given point in the reaction. The cloud point was taken as the onset of phase separation in the system and the number average sequence at this point was found to be fairly constant at about 1.3 independent of reaction temperature and system composition. In many cases, the cloud point occurred at quite low conversion, meaning that a significant amount of subsequent polymerization occurs in a heterogeneous medium. It was also found that the viscosity of the material reached very large values at partial conversions of the monomers and presented throughout the reaction values larger than those expected from an increase in molecular weight alone. Viscosity is apparently sensitive to a different aspect of the phase separation process than the light transmission.
ChemInform Abstract: ERGIEBIGE SYNTHESE VON ZUCKER‐3,2‐ENOLEN AUS 2,3‐HYDROXYGLYKALEN UND IHRE UMWANDLUNG IN GAMMA‐PYRONE (1974)

Abstract Die Addition von Chlor an die Glykale (I) führt zu den äußerst hydrolyseempfindlichen Chloriden (II), aus denen mit Wasser die Aldosulosen (III), beim Erhitzen mit einem Säureakzeptor dagegen über (III) die Enolone (IV) erhalten werden.
Developmental and genetic origins of murine long bone length variation (2010)

If we wish to understand whether development influences the rate or direction of morphological evolution, we must first understand the developmental bases of morphological variation within species. However, quantitative variation in adult morphology is the product of molecular and cellular processes unfolding from embryonic development through juvenile growth to maturity. The Atchley-Hall model provides a useful framework for dissecting complex morphologies into their component parts as a way of determining which developmental processes contribute to variation in adult form. We have examined differences in postnatal allometry and the patterns of genetic correlation between age-specific traits for ten recombinant inbred strains of mice generated from an intercross of LG/J and SM/J. Long bone length is closely tied to body size, but variation in adult morphology is more closely tied to differences in growth rate between 3 and 5 weeks of age. These analyses show that variation generated during early development is overridden by variation generated later in life. To more precisely determine the cellular processes generating this variation we then examined the cellular dynamics of long bone growth plates at the time of maximum elongation rate differences in the parent strains. Our analyses revealed that variation in long bone length is the result of faster elongation rates of the LG/J stain. The developmental bases for these differences in growth rate involve the rate of cell division and chondrocyte hypertrophy in the growth plate.
THE EFFECT OF TREATMENT STRATEGY ON STONE COMMINUTION EFFICIENCY IN SHOCK WAVE LITHOTRIPSY (2004)

Progressive increase in lithotripter output voltage can produce the best overall stone comminution in vitro.
Primary adenocarcinoma of the vermiform appendix: Report of seven cases and review of the literature (1973)

Summary There have been 158 recorded cases of adenocarcinoma of the appendix reported in the literature. Seven additional cases are documented. The great majority of patients have symptoms of acute appendicitis or appendiceal abscess when first seen. Appendectomy with right hemicolectomy yields the best long-term survival rates.
Advanced topics on fusion splicing of specialty fibers and devices (2007)

The performance and integrity of optical fiber based devices and systems are often critically dependent on the optical coupling between interconnected fibers. In this paper, we discuss the optical characteristics of the interconnected joint when two dissimilar fibers are fusion-spliced together, and compare different approaches to estimate the optical coupling loss. We treat the total optical splice loss as a combination of the mode-field (MF) mismatch loss and the transition taper loss. We describe the spectral characteristics of mode-field mismatch loss and the taper loss between an erbium-doped fiber (EDF) and SMF28 fiber both experimentally and analytically. In addition, we outline some advanced techniques for fusion-splicing of large mode area (LMA) fibers and microstructured fibers. Finally, we compare two types of splicers using arc-discharge fusion and filament fusion technologies, and describe an automated splicing system with some examples.
Dye-polymer affinity and its effect on thermal dye-transfer printing (1994)

Dye-polymer affinity was estimated quantitatively, and its effect on the printing sensitivity in the so-called sublimation dye-transfer printing was investigated. Printing sensitivity increases with the affinity, although the diffusion coefficient of the dye in the polymers decreases. It is concluded that the dye-transfer rate is determined by an adsorption-like process at the surface of the receiving layer, not by the diffusion in the layer. On this basis a novel dye-transfer equation was proposed and a computer simulation was performed. The results agreed well with the experiments
Computation in networks of passively mobile finite-state sensors (2004)

We explore the computational power of networks of small resource-limited mobile agents. We define two new models of computation based on pairwise interactions of finite-state agents in populations of finite but unbounded size. With a fairness condition on interactions, we define the concept of stable computation of a function or predicate, and give protocols that stably compute functions in a class including Boolean combinations of threshold-k, parity, majority, and simple arithmetic. We prove that all stably computable predicates are in NL. With uniform random sampling of pairs to interact, we define the model of conjugating automata and show that any counter machine with O(1) counters of capacity O(n) can be simulated with high probability by a protocol in a population of size n. We prove that all predicates computable with high probability in this model are in P ∩ RL. Several open problems and promising future directions are discussed.
Solid deuterium pellet injection with a two-stage pneumatic gun (1989)

Recent results on injection of D2 pellets, using an improved light gas gun, are reported. In order to overcome the limits imposed by the low mechanical strength of solid hydrogen, a double-piston gun has been developed, in which the pressure pulse can be shaped in different ways, allowing reduction of the maximum acceleration of the pellet. Experiments have been performed with plastic and D2 pellets. Velocities above 2500 m/s have been obtained with unbroken D2 pellets.
Phosphorus Doping of Silicon Using a Solid Planar Diffusion Source at Reduced Pressures (1991)

A silicon pyrophosphate‐containing solid planar diffusion source has been evaluated for phosphorus doping of silicon at reduced pressures. A reduction in pressure generally results in improvements in the uniformity of doping. At the edges of 3 in. silicon wafers diffused at 1000°C, maximum deviations in sheet resistance are reduced from approximately 15 to approximately 5%, if total pressure is reduced from 1 atm to 5 torr. This improvement is even more significant for diffusion at 900°C, where the maximum deviation is reduced from approximately 100% to approximately 10% by the same reduction in total pressure. The use of a "closed" wafer boat configuration combined with reduced pressure results in further improvement in doping uniformity, as evidenced by a deviation in sheet resistance of approximately 1% for diffusion at 900°C. The use of low pressure leads to decreased doping performance of the source as reflected in thinner doped oxide formation and higher sheet resistance values for diffused silicon wafers. The rate of evaporation of phosphorus oxide from the source is increased nearly one order of magnitude as pressure is reduced from 1 atm to 0.5 torr, leading to reduced lifetime of the source.
EFFECT OF RADURIZATION ON SHEAR RESISTANCE AND FRAGMENTATION OF CHICKEN MUSCLE (1971)

SUMMARY —Excised pectoralis muscles of chicken received radurizing doses of γ‐radiation at varying times post‐mortem to determine the effect on shear resistance, myofibrillar fragmentation (F‐ratio) and pH. Irradiation doses between 0.1 and 0.3 Mrad produced decreases in F‐ratio and increases in shear resistance. The magnitude of the changes was directly proportional to the duration of postmortem aging prior to irradiation. Muscle pH subsequent to irradiation between 2 and 12 hr post‐mortem was not significantly affected by any of the dose‐time treatment combinations. Shear resistance and F‐ratio changes were strongly correlated on an average basis (r =+ .857; n = 6) but not on an individual sample basis.
Lymphoma and Leukemia Cells Possess Fractal Dimensions That Correlate with Their Biological Features (2008)

Hematological cells possess fractal dimensions that correlate with their biological properties. Measurement of fractal dimension seems to be a sensitive method to assess the hematological cell phenotype and to define a clinical group. This tool may be potentially useful for the evaluation of clinical behavior of hematological diseases.
A nerve growth factor-regulated messenger RNA encodes a new intermediate filament protein. (1988)

Differential screening of a cDNA library from the PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cell line previously revealed a clone, clone 73, whose corresponding mRNA is induced by nerve growth factor (NGF). Induction parallels NGF-stimulated PC12 differentiation from a chromaffinlike phenotype to a sympathetic neuronlike phenotype. We report that DNA sequence analysis reveals that clone 73 mRNA encodes an intermediate filament (IF) protein whose predicted amino acid sequence is distinct from the known sequences of other members of the IF protein family. The sequence has highest homology with desmin and vimentin and includes the highly conserved central alpha-helical rod domain with the characteristic heptad repeat of hydrophobic residues, but has lower homology in the amino-terminal head and carboxyl-terminal tail domains. The head domain contains a large number of serine residues which are potential phosphorylation sites. The expression of clone 73 in vivo in the nervous system of the adult rat was investigated by in situ hybridization of clone 73 probes to tissue sections. The mRNA is expressed at high levels in ganglia of the peripheral nervous system, including the superior cervical ganglion (sympathetic), ciliary ganglion (parasympathetic), and dorsal root ganglion (sensory). In the central nervous system, motor nuclei of cranial nerves III, IV, V, VI, VII, X, and XII as well as ventral horn motor neurons and a restricted set of other central nervous system nuclei express the clone 73 mRNA. Tissues apart from those of the nervous system did not in general express the mRNA, with only very low levels detected in adrenal gland. We discuss the implications of these results for the mechanism of NGF-induced PC12 cell differentiation, the pathways of neuronal development in vivo, and the possible function of the clone 73 IF protein and its relationship to other IF proteins.
3A11-1 Characterization of the rhodanese enzyme in Coprothermobacter strains : (2007)

An investigation was conducted on the occurrence of rhodanese in different Coprothermobac- ter strains, which might be involved in the cyanide catabolism. The extracellular activity of rhodanese from the Coprothermobacter strains was evaluated. Results show that, every examined strain has ex- tracellular rhodanese activity, which has not been previously reported for members of the genus Coprothermobacter.
Effect of Oral Administration of<i>Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens</i>MDT-1, a Gastrointestinal Bacterium, on 3-Methylcholanthrene-Induced Tumor in Mice (2007)

Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens MDT-1 was evaluated for use as a probiotic to prevent tumor formation. Oral administration of MDT-1 (10(9) cfu/dose, 3 times a wk for 15 wk) delayed the onset of tumors induced by 3-methylcholanthrene and also reduced tumor incidence in mice. Furthermore, the numbers of natural killer (NK) and NKT cells in the spleen increased markedly in response to MDT-1 administration. Increased numbers of NK and NKT cells may contribute to the alleviation of carcinogenesis by MDT-1 administration. Cultured splenic lymphocytes isolated from mice fed MDT-1 produced higher levels of interferon-gamma than control mice but showed no change in interleukin-4 production. These results suggest that MDT-1 administration skews the ratio of helper T (Th) cells type 1 (Th1) to Th2 toward Th1 dominance. MDT-1 administration resulted in increased immunoglobulin A secretion into the intestine. These results suggest that probiotic B. fibrisolvens MDT-1 may contribute to the prevention or alleviation of cancers, allergic disorders, and infectious diseases.
Influence of ad Libitum Feeding of Piglets With Bacillus Subtilis Fermented Liquid Feed on Gut Flora, Luminal Contents and Health (2017)

Some scholars caution that long-term ad libitum feeding with probiotic fermented food poses potential health risks to baby animals. We conducted a feeding experiment to investigate the influence of ad libitum feeding of pre-and post-weaned piglets with a Bacillus subtilis fermented diet on the gut microbiome, gut metabolomic profiles, bile acid metabolism, proinflammatory cytokines and faecal consistency. Compared with piglets fed a Bacillus subtilis-supplemented pellet diet, piglets fed the Bacillus subtilis fermented liquid diet had lower intestinal bacterial diversity (P > 0.05), higher intestinal fungal diversity (P > 0.05), more Firmicutes (P > 0.05), fewer Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria (P > 0.05), higher concentrations of 3-hydroxypropionic acid (P < 0.05), orotic acid (P < 0.05), interleukin-6 (P < 0.01), lactic acid (P < 0.01), deoxycholic acid (P > 0.05) and lithocholic acid (P < 0.01) and a higher incidence of diarrhoea (P > 0.05). The data show that ad libitum feeding of piglets with a Bacillus subtilis fermented liquid diet during the suckling and early post-weaning periods promotes the growth of lactic acid bacteria, bile salt hydrolase-active bacteria and 7a-dehydroxylase-active bacteria in the intestinal lumen; disturbs the normal production of lactic acid, orotic acid and unconjugated bile acids; and increases circulating interleukin-6 levels and diarrhoea incidence.
The influence of process parameters on the structure and morphology of pulsed plasma‐polymerized octafluorotoluene films (2010)

Abstract This work describes amorphous fluorinated polymer films deposited by pulsed plasma polymerizations of octafluorotoluene (PPP‐OFT) monomers on ITO glass as the hole‐injection layer of organic electroluminescent (EL) devices, in order to study the influence of sample position and duty cycle on PPP‐OFT film characteristics, and also to find a good process to yield a higher retention degree of monomers and lower roughness of PPP‐OFT fluorocarbon films. Experimental results revealed that PPP‐OFT films deposited at positions far away from the RF coil and close to the monomer inlet showed less roughness than films deposited near the high RF‐flux regions. In addition, the retention of the monomers in the PPP‐OFT layer will be high if the deposition is conducted near the monomer inlet but some distance away from the RF electrode. Moreover, amorphous fluorinated polymer films can be deposited with higher fluorine to carbon (F/C) ratios and CF2 contents at proper substrate positions by means of different sticking coefficients of free radicals dissociated by octafluorotoluene monomers.
Performances of PEG-modified hemoglobin-vesicles as artificial oxygen carriers in microcirculation. (2006)

Hemoglobin-Vesicles (HbV; diameter, 250 nm) are artificial O2 carriers encapsulating purified and concentrated human Hb solution in phospholipid vesicles (liposomes), and their safety and efficacy, as a transfusion alternative, have been studied. In this paper, we summarized the characteristics of HbV that have been clarified by the microcirculatory observations.
X-ray Structure of Ornithine Decarboxylase from <i>Trypanosoma</i> <i>brucei</i>:  The Native Structure and the Structure in Complex with α-Difluoromethylornithine<sup>,</sup> (1999)

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) dependent homodimeric enzyme. It is a recognized drug target against African sleeping sickness, caused by Trypanosoma brucei. One of the currently used drugs, alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), is a suicide inhibitor of ODC. The structure of the T. brucei ODC (TbODC) mutant K69A bound to DFMO has been determined by X-ray crystallography to 2.0 A resolution. The protein crystallizes in the space group P2(1) (a = 66.8 A, b = 154.5 A, c = 77.1 A, beta = 90.58 degrees ), with two dimers per asymmetric unit. The initial phasing was done by molecular replacement with the mouse ODC structure. The structure of wild-type uncomplexed TbODC was also determined to 2.9 A resolution by molecular replacement using the TbODC DFMO-bound structure as the search model. The N-terminal domain of ODC is a beta/alpha-barrel, and the C-terminal domain of ODC is a modified Greek key beta-barrel. In comparison to structurally related alanine racemase, the two domains are rotated 27 degrees relative to each other. In addition, two of the beta-strands in the C-terminal domain have exchanged positions in order to maintain the location of essential active site residues in the context of the domain rotation. In ODC, the contacts in the dimer interface are formed primarily by the C-terminal domains, which interact through six aromatic rings that form stacking interactions across the domain boundary. The PLP binding site is formed by the C-termini of beta-strands and loops in the beta/alpha-barrel. In the native structure Lys69 forms a Schiff base with PLP. In both structures, the phosphate of PLP is bound between the seventh and eighth strands forming interactions with Arg277 and a Gly loop (residues 235-237). The pyridine nitrogen of PLP interacts with Glu274. DFMO forms a Schiff base with PLP and is covalently attached to Cys360. It is bound at the dimer interface and the delta-carbon amino group of DFMO is positioned between Asp361 of one subunit and Asp332 of the other. In comparison to the wild-type uncomplexed structure, Cys-360 has rotated 145 degrees toward the active site in the DFMO-bound structure. No domain, subunit rotations, or other significant structural changes are observed upon ligand binding. The structure offers insight into the enzyme mechanism by providing details of the enzyme/inhibitor binding site and allows for a detailed comparison between the enzymes from the host and parasite which will aid in selective inhibitor design.
Comparative Bioavailability of Sulindac in Capsule and Tablet Formulations (2008)

The cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enzyme appears to be an important target for cancer chemoprevention. Given the recent emergence of potentially serious cardiovascular toxicity associated with selective COX-2 inhibitors, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2, have received renewed attention as candidate chemoprevention agents. Sulindac has shown consistent chemopreventive potential in preclinical studies as well as in a limited number of clinical trials reported to date. For the current pharmacokinetic study, sulindac capsules were prepared to facilitate ample agent supplies for future intervention studies. Encapsulation of the parent compound (sulindac sulfoxide) can be readily accomplished, but the effects of alternate formulations on bioavailability have not been rigorously examined. In the present single-dose, two-period crossover trial, we conducted pharmacokinetic analyses of sulindac in capsule (test) versus tablet (reference) formulations. Overall, bioavailability appeared to be higher for the capsule compared with the tablet formulation based on test-to-reference pharmacokinetic variable ratios for the parent compound alone. However, additional analyses based on the sulfide and sulfone metabolites of sulindac with the same pharmacokinetic variables indicated similar chemopreventive exposures between the capsule and tablet formulations. These data support the use of sulindac capsules, which can be readily prepared with matching placebos, in future blinded chemoprevention trials.