gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an epithelial/fibroblastic cross-talk disorder (2002)

The recent review by Selman and Pardo in this journal [1] correctly points out that in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) there is insufficient evidence to suggest that chronic inflammation plays a primary role in pathogenesis and that animal experimental models of pulmonary fibrosis therefore do not model IPF particularly accurately. However, the suggestion in the accompanying commentary by Gauldie and colleagues [2] that this suggests a new hypothesis for the aetiology of this progressive and usually fatal disease seems to be stretching the point.

In a review published in 1995, Kumar and Lykke [3] discussed lymphocyte-macrophage-fibroblast as well as epithelial cell-fibroblast and reciprocal interactions in pulmonary We stated that [i]njury to alveolar epithelial cells, especially type 2 pneumocytes, appears to be an important event in the genesis of pulmonary Both in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that failure to replace damaged type 1 epithelium by proliferation and differentiation of type 2 pneumocytes may be a determinant of whether or not progression to fibrosis ensues. The references cited at this point included not only the studies by Adamson and colleagues [4] to which Selman and Pardo refer, but also data from an animal model of resolving vs. non-resolving pneumonia [5].

Furthermore, we discussed the alveolar epithelial changes in pulmonary fibrosis and pointed out that [b]oth in animal experimental models and in the human disease, these cuboidal epithelial cells develop cytoplasmic extensions ('spikes') which protrude through the epithelial basement membrane. The spikes may become intimately associated with interstitial fibroblastic cells, a finding that is especially noticeable in 'usual interstitial pneumonitis' associated with epithelial hyperplasia. These observations strongly suggest that 'handshakes' between type 2 pneumocyte-like epithelial cells and fibroblasts might take place during the development of pulmonary fibrosis. This part of the review included references to numerous descriptions of such spikes in the 1980s literature, electron micrographs demonstrating the spikes both in IPF and in murine bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and discussion of the potential role of epithelial cell-derived transforming growth factor-β (and other growth factors) in the induction of fibrosis.

Although this review was not published in a respiratory sciences journal, it has been cited in standard textbooks [6,7], so one could reasonably argue that the concept of IPF as a disorder involving perturbed epithelial/fibroblastic cross-talk is not altogether novel.
Tandem mass spectrum of a farnesyl transferase inhibitor— gas‐phase rearrangements involving imidazole (2001)

Compound 1 (1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-[1-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazolylmethyl]-2-piperazinone hydrochloride) is a farnesyl transferase inhibitor intended for treatment of cancer. A detailed analysis of the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry data of protonated 1 shows that in the gas phase, upon collision-induced dissociation, this ion undergoes complicated rearrangement and fragmentation. These processes include a novel two-step rearrangement. The first step involves a gas-phase intramolecular S(N)2 reaction that forms an intermediate. The second step consists of three competitive rearrangement/fragmentation pathways of the intermediate, giving rise to protonated 2, protonated methylene-imidazole, and a distonic methylimidazole radical cation. Deuterated 1 was studied under the same experimental conditions, and the results strongly support the proposed two-step rearrangement process. It is noted that the unique structure of 1, especially the imidazole ring of 1, plays a critical role in the rearrangement of protonated 1.
사용자 태도 및 교육훈련과 정보시스템 실행 성과간의 관계 - D 사를 중심으로 - (1998)

본 연구는 사용자 특성 중 조직에서 통제 가능한 요인인 사용자의 태도 및 교육훈련이 정보시스템의 실행 성과에 미치는 영향을 검증하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 최근 신정보시스템으로 전환한 D사의 사용자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 사용자 태도와 교육훈련은 각각 독립적으로 정보시스템의 실행 성과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사용자 태도와 교육훈련이 결합한 상호작용 효과는 시스템 사용도에는 유의
Intravenous infusion of prostacyclin sodium in man: clinical effects and influence on platelet adenosine diphosphate sensitivity and adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate levels. (1981)

Clinical tolerance, inhibition of platelet aggregation and intracellular platelet adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels were evaluated in normal volunteers given i.v. infusions of prostacyclin sodium at rates up to 15 ng/kg/min. Short-term infusions (30 and 60 minutes) were tolerated at rates up to 10.0 ng/kg/min; higher rates produced headaches, anxiety, nausea and vomiting. Six-hour and 24-hour infusions were tolerated at rates up to only 4.0 ng/kg/min. Twenty-four hour infusions at 4 ng/kg/min produced a consistent 4-7 microM shift to the right in the platelet ADP dose-response curve; this platelet inhibitory activity did not diminish during the infusion. Prostacyclin sodium infusion elevated intracellular cyclic AMP levels, the increases corresponding to the onset of measurable inhibition of ADP-induced aggregation, although the magnitude of the increase did not necessarily reflect the degree of inhibition. Increased template bleeding times were seen with a greater than 10-microM shift in the ADP dose-response curve. We conclude that although prostacyclin sodium has a narrow safety margin, the drug does produce platelet inhibition at infusion rates generally tolerated by healthy volunteers.
Preamble Design for Effective Multi-Channel Estimation in WiMedia UWB Systems (2011)

In this letter, we propose an effective preamble based on constant amplitude and zero auto-correlation (CAZAC) sequence for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) and cooperative WiMedia ultra-wideband (UWB) systems. The proposed preamble even provides better single-channel estimation performance than the preamble specified in the standard in severe UWB channel model. The effectiveness of the proposed design is confirmed through the mean square error (MSE) performance.
[Particles size distribution and its influence on remote sensing retrieval of turbid Poyang Lake]. (2014)

The suspended particle size distribution provides crucial information for the study of water environment structure and function. Based on the in-situ data from wet and dry season in 2008-2011, the paper studied suspended particle size distribution of Poyang Lake and its optical features. The suspended particle size distribution showed seasonal variation: the particle size of southern lake was larger than that of northern lake in dry season but showed little variation in wet season. The suspended particle size distribution exerted influence on particulate absorption coefficient, attenuation coefficient and scattering coefficient. The particulate absorption coefficient of northern lake was higher than that of southern lake. The negative correlation between specific absorption coefficient of total suspended particles and median particle size indicated that there was "package effect" of mineral particles in turbid Poyang Lake. The spatial and temporal distribution of particulate attenuation coefficient and scattering coefficient are similar: there were obvious regional differences in dry season but few in wet season. There were good correlations among the remote sensing reflectance, spectra slope of particle size distribution and spectra slope of particulate scattering coefficient. These correlations would provide the foundation for remote sensing retrieval of particle size and quantitative analysis of influence of suspended particle size on the optical properties. The relationship between particle size distribution, particulate back-scattering coefficient and bulk refractive index can provide information of particle composition in Poyang Lake.
Application of EtherCAT in Microgrid Communication Network: A Case Study (2018)

Microgrids can operate either connected to the utility grid or disconnected, respectively called grid-connected and islanding mode. If an emergency occurs, a rapid transition to islanding mode is executed to evaluate the cause of problem and to prevent further damage. However, seamless transition control is not realizable because of speed constraints introduced by the communication protocols being used today. This paper reviews the current technologies applied in a microgrid communication system and presents a new study to solve this problem using EtherCAT, a real-time Ethernet protocol. The advantages of this solution with respect to the state-of-the-art are summarized. We also conducted a performance analysis using minimum cycle time as the performance index to verify the feasibility of EtherCAT in a microgrid application. Potential future work is suggested related to integration of EtherCAT in an actual microgrid system for practical field experiments.
Insights into organohalide respiration and the versatile catabolism of <scp> <i>S</i> </scp> <i>ulfurospirillum multivorans</i> gained from comparative genomics and physiological studies (2014)

Sulfurospirillum multivorans, a free-living ε-proteobacterium, is among the best studied organisms capable of organohalide respiration. It is able to use several halogenated ethenes as terminal electron acceptor. In this report, the complete genome sequence of S. multivorans including a comparison with genome sequences of two related non-dehalogenating species, Sulfurospirillum deleyianum and Sulfurospirillum barnesii, is described. The 3.2 Mbp genome of S. multivorans revealed a ∼ 50 kbp gene region encoding proteins required for organohalide respiration and corrinoid cofactor biosynthesis. This region includes genes for components not detected before in organohalide-respiring organisms. A transcript analysis of genes coding for some of these proteins indicates the involvement of a putative quinol dehydrogenase in organohalide respiration. The presence of genes encoding a variety of oxidoreductases reflects the organism's metabolic versatility. This was confirmed by growth studies with different electron acceptors including perchlorate and several sulfur-containing compounds. A comparison with other ε-proteobacteria indicates horizontal acquisition of many genes in the S. multivorans genome, which might be the basis of the bacterium's catabolic flexibility.
Experimental Studies on the Impact Buckling of Bars and the Effect of Stress Wave (2006)

The experimental studies on the dynamic buckling of the perfect bars with three kinds of lengths under impulsive axial compression were completed and the boundary condition of clamped-fixed was realized firstly in present studies. The time-history curves of axial strain of bars under different impact velocity were recorded. According to the magnitudes of the axial strain and bifurcate time, the quantitative relation of dynamic buckling load and critical bifurcate length are achieved; according to the curves recorded, the lateral velocity of bars are computed also. The experimental results show that the dynamic buckling load of the bar is distinctly greater than the static one, the front of stress wave can be regarded as fixed and the effect of the axial stress wave in the dynamic buckling of bar must be considered.
Design of standards for nondestructive assay of special nuclear material (1997)

This is a preprintof a paper intendadfor publicationin a journal or procsdings. Bacauae changes maybe made bafora ~blisaticrn, MS praprintis martsavailabtewith W understar!dngthat it will notba cftador reproducedwithoutthe permissionof the author.
Three-dimensional boundary-layer transition on a swept wing at Mach 3.5 (1995)

Transition on a swept-wing leading-edge model at Mach 3.5 is investigated. Surface pressure and temperature measurements are obtained in the NASA Langley Research Center Supersonic Low-Disturbance Tunnel. For one case, temperature-sensitive paint and a sublimating chemical are used to visualize surface flow features such as transition location. The experimental data are compared with 1) mean-flow results computed as solutions to the thin-layer Navier-Stokes equations and 2) N-factors obtained using the envelope e N method. The experimental and computational results compare favorably in most cases. In particular, N ≃ 13 correlates best with the observed transition location over a range of freestream unit Reynolds numbers and angles of attack. Computed traveling crossflow disturbances with frequencies of 40-60 kHz have the largest N factors, and the surface flow visualizations reveal smooth transition fronts with only faint evidence of stationary crossflow vortices. These results suggest that transition is probably dominated by traveling, rather than stationary, crossflow disturbances for the present model.
Inhibition of<i>Bacillus licheniformis</i>spore growth in milk by nisin, monolaurin, and pH combinations (1999)

The effects of nisin and monolaurin, alone and in combination, were investigated on Bacillus licheniformis spores in milk at 37 degrees C. In the absence of inhibitors, germinated spores developed into growing vegetative cells and started sporulation at the end of the exponential phase. In the presence of nisin (25 IU ml-1), spore outgrowth was inhibited (4 log10 reduction at 10 h). Regrowth appeared between 10 and 24 h and reached a high population level (1.25 x 10(8) cfu ml-1) after 7 d. Monolaurin (250 micrograms ml-1) had a bacteriostatic effect during the first 10 h but thereafter, regrowth occurred slowly with a population level after 7 d (4 x 10(5) cfu ml-1) lower than that of nisin. Different combined effects of nisin (between 0 and 42 IU ml-1), monolaurin (ranging from 0 to 300 micrograms ml-1), pH values (between 5.0 and 7.0) and spore loads (10(3), 10(4), 10(5) spores ml-1) were investigated using a Doehlert matrix in order to study the main effects of these factors and the different interactions. Results were analysed using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and indicated that nisin and monolaurin had no action on spores before germination; only pH values had a significant effect (P < or = 0.001), i.e. spore count decreased as the pH value increased in relation to germination. Sublethal concentrations of nisin (30 IU ml-1) and monolaurin (100 micrograms ml-1) in combination acted synergistically on outgrown spores and vegetative cells, showing total inhibition at pH 6.0, without regrowth, within 7 d at 37 degrees C.
Content and Methodical Support of Partial Program of Integrated Local History Curriculum «Belgorod Studies» for Preschool Children (2016)

The article describes the features of the partial program of the integrated course “Belgorod Studies” for preschool children. The authors give purposes and content of the program, consider its thematic content, the basic forms and activities, as well as the methodological means for ensuring the socio-moral education of children on the basis of local history in the conditions of preschool organizations and further education.
Isolation of Human cDNAs for Asparagine Synthetase and Expression in Jensen Rat Sarcoma Cells (1987)

Asparagine synthetase cDNAs containing the complete coding region were isolated from a human fibroblast cDNA library. DNA sequence analysis of the clones showed that the message contained one open reading frame encoding a protein of 64,400 Mr, 184 nucleotides of 5' untranslated region, and 120 nucleotides of 3' noncoding sequence. Plasmids containing the asparagine synthetase cDNAs were used in DNA-mediated transfer of genes into asparagine-requiring Jensen rat sarcoma cells. The cDNAs containing the entire protein-coding sequence expressed asparagine synthetase activity and were capable of conferring asparagine prototrophy on the Jensen rat sarcoma cells. However, cDNAs which lacked sequence for as few as 20 amino acids at the amino terminal could not rescue the cells from auxotrophy. The transferant cell lines contained multiple copies of the human asparagine synthetase cDNAs and produced human asparagine synthetase mRNA and asparagine synthetase protein. Several transferants with numerous copies of the cDNAs exhibited only basal levels of enzyme activity. Treatment of these transferant cell lines with 5-azacytidine greatly increased the expression of asparagine synthetase mRNA, protein, and activity.
Studies on the intra- and intermolecular distributions of substituents in commercial pectins (2005)

Commercial pectins are mainly used for the gelling, thickening and stabilizing properties in food products. The different physical properties of pectins strongly depend on the galacturonic acid level and the level of methyl-esterification as well as on the molecular weight distribution. However, the conventional chemical analysis of the pectins does not always show differences between pectins while they behave differently. Two highly methyl-esterified pectins with similar chemical characteristics but different reactivity towards calcium were analysed. They were found to be a mixture of pectic populations differing in the degree of methyl-esterification as well as in the distribution of these methyl-esters. Amidated pectins with similar chemical features but different calcium sensitivity were also found to be a mixture of different pectic populations. Even for pectins having a similar degree of substitution, the ratio of amide groups versus methyl-esters varied significantly. In addition, the distribution of these substituents was found to differ.
Thermal Transport in Isolated Carbon Nanostructures and Associated Nanocomposites (2012)

Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1.Heat Conduction in Solids 4 1.1.1.Crystal Vibrations and Phonons 4 1.1.2.Phonon Heat Capacity 1.1.3.Thermal Conductivity and Phonon Scattering 1.2.Nanostructures
Fish Migration and Fish Bypasses (1998)

Part I: Theoretical background of river corridors and fish migration Part II: Regional overviews of fish passage problems Part III: Fish passage solutions for upstream migrations Part IV: Fish passage solutions for downstream migrations Part V: Nature-like bypasses and ramps Part VI: Conclusions.
[Electricity generation and contaminants degradation performances of a microbial fuel cell fed with Dioscorea zingiberensis wastewater]. (2011)

The electricity generation performance of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) utilizing Dioscorea zingiberensis wastewater was studied with an H-shape reactor. Indexes including pH, conductivity, oxidation peak potential and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the anolyte were monitored to investigate the contaminants degradation performance of the MFC during the electricity generation process, besides, contaminant ingredients in anodic influent and effluent were analyzed by GC-MS and IR spectra as well. The maximum power density of the MFC could achieve 118.1 mW/m2 and the internal resistance was about 480 omega. Connected with a 1 000 omega external resistance, the output potential was about 0.4 V. Fed with 5 mL Dioscorea zingiberensis wastewater, the electricity generation lasted about 133 h and the coulombic efficiency was about 3.93%. At the end of electricity generation cycle, COD decreased by 90.1% while NH4(+) -N decreased by 66.8%. Furfural compounds, phenols and some other complicated organics could be decomposed and utilized in the electricity generation process, and the residual contaminants in effluent included some long-chain fatty acids, esters, ethers, and esters with benzene ring, cycloalkanes, cycloolefins, etc. The results indicate that MFC, which can degrade and utilize the organic contaminants in Dioscorea zingiberensis wastewater simultaneously, provides a new approach for resource recovery treatment of Dioscorea zingiberensis wastewater.
SESTA: a personal computer FTAM and VT system (2002)

A computer-based system is described that implements the FTAM and VT applications of the OSI model on a PC. The system is composed of a specific board that plugs into the PC computer bus, and a software module that controls the interface of the system. The latter module runs on a personal computer. The plug-in hardware board has its own processor and memory, runs the OSI stack of protocols, and is connected to a public packet switching network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Impaired Insulin Action in Rats with Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes (1984)

Studies were performed to test the hypothesis that impaired insulin action occurs as an acquired phenomenon in the streptozocin (STZ)-treated, non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) diabetic rat model. A number of methods were used to evaluate impaired carbohydrate tolerance in these animals. Plasma glucose and insulin levels were measured at 6 and 14 wk of age, and insulin glucose tolerance tests were performed at 4 and 5 wk of age (before overt hyperglycemia ensues), and at 8 and 14 wk of age (after the animals manifest overt diabetes). The STZ-treated rats had higher plasma glucose levels than those of control animals (P less than 0.001) at 6 and 14 wk of age, while their plasma insulin values were decreased to levels 73% of the controls (1.7 ng/ml versus 2.3 ng/ml, P less than 0.04). Glucose disappearance rates after high (0.35 U/kg) and low (0.175 U/kg) insulin challenge were reduced in the experimental diabetic animals at all ages with both insulin doses. The data suggest that these animals have an early and progressive acquired impairment in insulin action, most compatible with a defect in cellular biologic response to insulin. The possibility that this abnormality is secondary to insulin deficiency is raised.
Chromosomal localization of the human genes for lipocortin I and lipocortin II. (1988)

The human genes which code for Lipocortin I and Lipocortin II, proteins that inhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity, have been regionally localized in the human genome by chromosomal in situ hybridization and segregation analysis in somatic cell hybrids using cDNA clones for Lipocortin I and II. Lipocortin I, the 35 kd substrate for the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor/kinase, maps to chromosome region 9q11- greater than q22. The Lipocortin II cDNA probe detects at least four independently segregating loci which map to human chromosome regions 4q21-q31.1, 9pter-q34 proximal to c-abl, 10q proximal to 10q24 and 15q21-q22 proximal to the 15q22 translocation breakpoint characteristic of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Thus, Lipocortin I and one locus detected by Lipocortin II cDNA are syntenic on chromosome 9; one Lipocortin II locus is perhaps not far from the genes for EGF and IL-2 on 4q; and another of the Lipocortin II loci is on 15q, perhaps not far from the APL breakpoint.
INTERIOR GATEWAY PROTOCOL ROUTING PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF THE VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK BASED ON MULTI PROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHING AND DIRECT-LINK BACKUPSED ON MPLS AND DIRECT-LINK BACKUP (2019)

The stability and convergence time become an essential factor in network availability performance. Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is one of the Virtual Private Network (VPN) technologies that can support the quality of communication media on the high-speed backbone network. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the proper protocol routing in espousing VPN technology based on MPLS supported by direct-link backup to improve network availability in the Data Center. The purpose of this study is comparing the convergence time and Quality of Service (QoS) among the three IGP protocols routing, namely Routing Information Protocol version 2 (RIP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), and Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) based on two autonomous system number using Ring topology design between Data Center and DRC. Network scenario is created using the Graphic Network Simulator (GNS3) application to measure convergence time and QoS parameters of the three protocols routing and the use of MPLS-TE and RR in enhancing MPLS backbone performance. The results revealed that QoS in the three protocols routing has a good quality level according to TIPHON’s standard with the number of indexes up to 3.25 (Good). On the other hand, the fastest convergence time when interruption on the main link (VPN) is EIGRP with convergence time for about 15 seconds.