gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Ribonucleases by Ribonucleotides and Transition State Analogs in Cell-Free Extracts from Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells (1977)

We investigated the ribonucleolytic breakdown of poly(U), poly(A), RNA trascribed from calf thymus DNA with E. coli RNA polymerase, ribosomal RNA, tRNA and mengovirus RNA by an enzyme fraction obrained from a postribosomal supernatant of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The single-stranded homopolyribonucleotides are preferentially degraded by the enzyme fraction with the production of ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphates. The RNase activity is completely dependent on the presence of Mg2+ ions and is highest at Mg2+ and K+ concentrations optimal for cell-free protein synthesis. Ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphates, ribonucleoside 2'(3')-monophosphates, ribonucleoside 2'(3'),5'-bisphosphates and transition state analogs consisting of vanadyl sulfate and either ribonucleosides or ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphates in a molar ratio 1:1 inhibit the ribonucleolytic activity of the enzyme fraction. The ribonucleoside 2'(3'),5'-bisphosphates and the transition state analogs are the most effective inhibitors. However, only in the presence of ribonucleoside 2'(3'),5'-bisphosphates a concomitant stimulation by 50 to 60% of poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis is observed; all the other RNase inhibitors tested also inhibit polypeptide synthesis. The results of preliminary experiments show that poly(U) and ribonucleoside 2'(3'),5'-bisphosphates are well suited as ligands for affinity chromatography of ribonucleases from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
Thermal bicyclo[6.1.0]nonatrienyl chloride-dihydroindenyl chloride rearrangement (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal bicyclo[6.1.0]nonatrienyl chloride-dihydroindenyl chloride rearrangementPaul v. R. Schleyer, James C. Barborak, Tah Mun Su, Gernot Boche, and G. SchneiderCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 1, 279–281Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00730a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00730a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Primary structure of human placental ribonuclease inhibitor [Erratum to document cited in CA109(23):207334b] (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPrimary structure of human placental ribonuclease inhibitor [Erratum to document cited in CA109(23):207334b]Frank S. Lee, Edward A. Fox, Hai Meng Zhou, Daniel J. Strydom, and Bert L. ValleeCite this: Biochemistry 1989, 28, 17, 7138Publication Date (Print):August 22, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 22 August 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00443a054RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views20Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (83 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Day-To-Day Dynamic Network Disequilibria and Idealized Traveler Information Systems (1994)

In this paper we present tatonnement models for calculating static Wardropian user equilibria on congested networks with fully general demand and cost structures. We present both a qualitative analysis of stability and numerical studies which show that such an approach provides a reliable means for determining static user equilibria. We also describe circumstances for which these models depict day-to-day adjustments from one realizable disequilibrium state to another and how these adjustment processes differ depending on the “quality” of the information being provided by (abstract) traveler information systems. Specifically, we demonstrate that such dynamic adjustment processes settle down to equilibria both when information is complete and when it is incomplete.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Adenine Arabinosides and Related Compounds from 5‐Amino‐4‐cyano‐1‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)imidazole. (1990)

Abstract Successive reaction of the ribofuranosylimidazole (II) with the dichlorodisiloxane (I), benzaldehyde (IV), and trifluoromethylsulfonyl chloride (V) yields the triflate (VI) which reacts with the nucleophiles (VII) to give the substitution products (VIII) after deprotection.
Analytic Solution for Single-Wavelength Thin-Film Polarizers (1972)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Dorian Kermisch, "Analytic Solution for Single-Wavelength Thin-Film Polarizers," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 62, 1010-1010 (1972) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Holdoff Algorithms for IEEE 802.16 Mesh Mode in Multi-Hop Wireless Mesh Networks (2010)

Introduction 1
Nano-Scale Flash in the Mid-Decade (2007)

2005 and 2006 could be dubbed the "Flash Years", since we have seen incredible growth in the segment, to the point that more flash-memory bits have now been sold than DRAM. This is largely due to consumer products such as media players, cell phones, and digital cameras. Chipworks, as a supplier of competitive intelligence to the semiconductor and electronics industries, monitors the evolution of chip processes as they come into commercial production. Chip-works has obtained parts from the leading edge manufacturers, and performed structural analyses to examine the features and manufacturing processes of the devices. The paper discusses some of the different products seen in the Flash sector, with particular reference to the memory cells. The paper will detail the physical structures we have analyzed, and also examine the different approaches to the implementation of single- and multi-level cells (SLC and MLC).
Compression of terawatt-level pulses in the air (2000)

Summary form only given. The increasing peak power of CPA laser chains based on the chirped pulse amplification leads to the use of a compressor or a part of the compressor under vacuum in order to avoid the nonlinear effect when the pulse has been fully recompressed. We propose to replace the compressor under vacuum by a compressor in the air combined with a set of chirped mirrors that is under vacuum. The "air-compressor" will be aligned such that the residual spectral phase after the chirped mirror's set will be minimized in order to obtain the optimal pulse duration. This scheme allows the pulse duration to be in the range of 1 ps at the exit of the grating compressor.
Degradation of Petroleum by an Alga, <i>Prototheca Zopfii</i> (1975)

Prototheca zopfii is an achlorophyllous alga which degrades oil. It has been found to degrade 10 and 40% of a motor oil and crude oil, respectively, when tested under appropriate conditions. Degradation of the crude oil observed in this study compares well with the amount of degradation accomplished by bacteria. P. zopfii was found to degrade a greater percentage of the aromatic hydrocarbons in motor oil than of the saturated hydrocarbons and a greater percentage of saturated hydrocarbons in crude oil than of aromatic hydrocarbons. Resins and asphaltens were produced during degradation of motor oil, whereas these fractions in crude oil were degraded. P. zopfii did not demonstrate preferential utilization of lower homologues of cycloalkanes and aromatics as has been observed with bacteria.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray investigation of recombinant Lactobacillus leichmannii nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase. (1990)

Crystals of recombinant bacterial nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase have been grown from solutions of ammonium sulfate. The crystals are cubic, space group I23 or I2(1)3; the axial length is 151.1(2) A. The crystals are stable to x-rays for at least 5 days and diffract beyond 2.8-A resolution. It appears that the molecule, which is a hexamer, utilizes the symmetry of the space group, resulting in two or three subunits per asymmetric unit.
Triaxial Load Testing of Metal and FRP Roof-to-Wall Connectors (2011)

The allowable capacity of conventional roof-to-wall metal connectors is based on results of unidirectional component tests that do not simulate triaxial aerodynamic loading effects induced by high-wind events. The results of wind and wind-driven rain tests conducted at a full-scale facility were used to create a database on aerodynamic and aerohydrodynamic load effects on roof-to-wall connectors. Based on these results, three axial mean force components (triaxial mean loads) were combined into a series of resultant mean force vectors. A new test protocol was then developed for roof-to-wall connectors under simulated triaxial loading as opposed to simple uniaxial loading. The findings confirm that current testing methods tend to overestimate the actual load capacities of metal connectors. The performance of a nonintrusive roof-to-wall connector system using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) ties was also tested and compared with that of a traditional metal connector under simulated aerodynamic loads. The test results demonstrated the validity of FRP ties as an alternative to hurricane clips for use in timber roof-to-wall connection systems.
Thermal Transitions and Extrusion of Glycerol‐Plasticized Whey Protein Mixtures (2008)

The effects of glycerol and moisture contents on the thermal transitions of whey protein isolate (WPI) powder-glycerol-water mixtures were studied. Mixtures with ratios of 100:0, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50 WPI:glycerol on a dry basis (db) were preconditioned to 0.34 +/- 0.01 (25.4 +/- 0.4 degrees C) and 0.48 +/- 0.02 (25.9 +/- 2.2 degrees C) water activity. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed the existence of an endothermic peak starting at 148.3 +/- 0.7 degrees C for 100% WPI preconditioned to a water activity of 0.34 +/- 0.01. The onset temperature of this peak decreased with addition and increase of glycerol content, as well as with the increase in water activity from 0.34 +/- 0.01 to 0.48 +/- 0.02. An additional endothermic transition, important for extruding the mixtures into flexible sheets, occurred in mixtures containing 50% glycerol db, preconditioned to 0.48 +/- 0.02 water activity. The onset temperature of the peak was 146 +/- 2.0 degrees C. Whey protein-based sheets containing 45.8%, 48.8%, and 51.9% glycerol db were obtained using a Haake-Leistritz corotating twin-screw extruder. All samples were obtained at a screw speed of 250 rpm and a final barrel-temperature profile of 20, 20, 20, 80, 110, and 130 degrees C. Melt temperature at the time of sheet formation was 143 to 150 degrees C. Average thickness of the sheets was 1.31 +/- 0.02 mm. Samples with 45.8% glycerol db had significantly higher tensile strength (TS) than samples with higher glycerol contents. Also, as glycerol concentration increased, sheet elastic modulus (EM) decreased significantly (P</= 0.05). Extrusion of whey protein-based sheets is an important step toward extrusion of thinner edible films for food wraps, layers, or pouches.
<sup>18</sup>FDG positron emission computed tomography in a study of aphasia (1981)

Positron emission computed tomography (PECT) using 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) was used to investigate the correlations between clinical status, anatomy (as described by CT), and metabolism in five patients with stable aphasia resulting from ischemic cerebral infarction. Local cerebral metabolic activity was diminished in an area larger than the area of infarction demonstrated by CT. In one patient, FDG PECT revealed a metabolic lesion that probably caused the aphasic syndrome and was not apparent by CT. The data suggest that reliance on CT in delineating the extent of the brain lesion in aphasia or other neuropsychological defects can be misleading; FDG PECT may provide important additional information. Two patients with similar metabolic lesions had very different clinical syndromes, showing that even when currently available methods are combined, major gaps remain in clinicoanatomical correlations in aphasia.
Kinetics of the reaction between hexamethylenediisocyanate and 1-pentanol (1983)

The reaction between hexamethylenediisocyanate and 1-pentanol in toluene was studied by means of reversed-phase liquid chromatography. By employing this method, it was possible to determine all components of the reaction mixture including both products, i.e. N-(6-isocyanate hexyl)pentylcarbamate and N,N'-bis(pentyloxycarbonyl)hexamethylenediamine. Relations for the calculation of kinetic constants were derived assuming a competitive consecutive second-order reaction. It was demonstrated that the reaction involved in this case is indeed a second-order reaction, and the rate constants of the first and second consecutive reactions were determined.
Complex eigenstates of an electron in quantum box structures in the presence of an external electric field (1993)

Abstract As a useful approach to analyze the eigenstate of electrons inside a quantum box, the weighted potential method (WPM), already proven to be valid in a one‐dimensional system (wire structure), is applied to the zero‐dimensional one (box structure). The formulation and analysis were made for the quantum box structure of a finite potential barrier height in the presence of an applied electric field. The analysis, which takes into account the tunneling effect of electrons through the barrier when the electric field becomes strong, was carried out for the eigenstates. The method allows us to estimate the electron lifetime. A discussion also was made for an actual structure in which the effective mass of electrons is changed from a quantum well to a barrier region. The change in the eigenenergy was found to become more significant when increasing the number of the quantized direction.
Changes in inositol phosphates in wild carrot cells upon initiation of cell wall digestion (1987)

Previous studies have shown that inositol trisphosphate (IP/sub 3/) stimulated /sup 45/Ca/sup +2/ efflux from fusogenic carrot protoplasts and it was suggested that IP/sub 3/ may serve as a second messenger for the mobilization of intracellular Ca/sup +2/ in higher plant cells. To determine whether or not inositol phosphate metabolism changes in response to external stimuli, the cells were labeled with myo-(2-/sup 3/H) inositol for 18 h and exposed to cell wall digestion enzymes, Driselase. The inositol phosphates were extracted with ice cold 10% TCA and separated by anion exchange chromatography. The radioactivity of the fraction that contained IP/sub 3/ increased 2-3.8 fold and that which contained inositol bisphosphate increased 1.9-2.6 fold within 1.5 min of exposure to Driselase. After 6 min, the radioactivity of both fractions increased 6-7.7 fold and an increase in inositol monophosphate was observed. These data indicate that inositol phosphate metabolism is stimulated by Driselase and suggest polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis occurs upon initiation of cell wall digestion.
Activation of 5-HT7 Receptor in Rat Glomerulosa Cells Is Associated with an Increase in Adenylyl Cyclase Activity and Calcium Influx through T-Type Calcium Channels (2002)

Serotonin (5-HT) stimulates aldosterone secretion from the rat adrenal gland through 5-HT(7) receptors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the transduction mechanisms associated with activation of 5-HT(7) receptors in rat glomerulosa cells. The stimulatory effect of 5-HT on aldosterone secretion and cAMP formation was significantly reduced by the 5-HT(7) receptor antagonist LY 215840. Pretreatment of cells with the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ 22536 or the PKA inhibitor H-89 markedly attenuated the effect of 5-HT on aldosterone secretion. Conversely, type 2 and 4 phosphodiesterase inhibitors potentiated the 5-HT-induced stimulation of aldosterone secretion. Administration of 5-HT in the vicinity of cultured glomerulosa cells induced a slowly developing and robust increase in cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). The effect of 5-HT on [Ca(2+)](i) was suppressed by mibefradil, a T-type calcium channel blocker. Patch-clamp studies confirmed that 5-HT activated a T-type calcium current. Mibefradil also induced a dose-dependent inhibition of 5-HT-induced aldosterone secretion. The sequence of events associated with activation of 5-HT(7) receptors was investigated. The PKA inhibitor H-89 markedly attenuated both the [Ca(2+)](i) response and the activation of T-type calcium current induced by 5-HT. In contrast, reduction of the calcium concentration in the incubation medium did not affect 5-HT- induced cAMP formation. Preincubation of glomerulosa cells with cholera toxin abolished the stimulatory effect of 5-HT on aldosterone secretion, but pertussis toxin had no effect. Taken together, these data demonstrate that, in rat glomerulosa cells, activation of native 5-HT(7) receptors stimulates cAMP formation through a G(salpha) protein, which in turn provokes calcium influx through T-type calcium channels. Both the adenylyl cyclase/PKA pathway and the calcium influx are involved in 5-HT-induced aldosterone secretion.
Scalable IP lookups using shape graphs (2009)

Recently, there has been much renewed interest in developing compact data structures for packet processing functions such as longest prefix-match for IP lookups. This has been motivated by several factors: (1) The advent of 100 Gbps interfaces necessitating correspondingly fast packet processing algorithms with a compact memory footprint; (2) network virtualization leading to virtualization of physical router platforms making it critical to reduce high-speed memory needs per virtual router; (3) software routers built on multi-core processors requiring the use of compact data-structures that fit in on-chip caches for good performance. In this paper, we revisit this issue of developing compact data structures for key packet-processing functions. We develop a new data structure, called the shape graph, that significantly compacts the trie data-structure used for IP lookups. We accomplish this by identifying considerable structural similarities in IP lookup tries that have not previously been used in the literature for scalable IP lookups. We use these similarities to store lookup tries in a new graph data structure that has a significantly lower memory-footprint. Using real IP forwarding tables, we compare the memory usage of this new data structure to that of multi-bit tries and of Bloom filters used for IP lookups. The shape graph requires significantly less memory and allows the far more effective use of on-chip memory. This effective use of on-chip memory combined with multi-threading on a multi-core processor makes shape-graph-based IP lookups well suited for 100 Gbps lookups. The small footprint also makes it well suited for use in router platforms that host a large number of virtual routers.
A kinetic investigation of the addition of diazomethane to styrenes. Role of dipolar aprotic solvents in predicting direction of dipole orientation (1969)

Abstract The addition of diazomethane to a series of substituted styrenes has been kinetically investigated with emphasis on polar, solvent, and solvation effects. Although the reaction is generally insensitive to solvent polarity, a sizeable substituent effect (ρ = +0.90) has been observed. Also, a sizeable increase in rate was generally observed in protic solvents such as water, and a considerable rate enhancement occurred in the case of nitrostyrene in the dipolar aprotic solvent, dimethylformamide. The results are discussed in terms of a concerted mechanism involving a partially‐charged transition state II, with negative charge formation on the α‐carbon of the styrene. The methoxystyrene offers an exception to the Hammett equation and the unexpectedly high rate constant for this compound could be discussed in terms of a possible participation of the highly nucleophilic resonance form of p ‐methoxystyrene and an α‐addition via the transition state III. However, solvation effects in dimethylformamide (failure to obtain the anticipated rate increase) and the formation of a 3‐substituted pyrazoline adduct from the cycloaddition reaction indicate steric control to predominate over electronic factors and β‐addition to prevail unequivocally. It is proposed that solvation effects in protic solvents can be utilized to advantage in cycloaddition reactions leading to 1‐pyrazolines, for which no other routes are available at the present time.
Tools for rapid construction of VHDL performance models for DSP systems (2002)

This paper describes a set of tools that were jointly developed by RTI and Virginia Tech that semi-automates the process of constructing VHDL performance models for DSP applications. Use of these tools allows rapid evaluation of larger design spaces than was previously feasible. This paper describes an architecture tradeoff environment that integrates our tools with several commercial tools.
Focus of attention: Towards low bitrate video tele-conferencing (2002)

Low bitrate video tele-conferencing requires adapting algorithms that may work perfectly well in a high-bitrate situation. When a slow transmission rate is unacceptable, compromise must be reached among the demands of speed, bandwidth limits and image quality. In this paper we present an approach to low bitrate video tele-conferencing by focusing attention on important information. We show that by selectively degrading the quality of less important regions, more important regions can be sent without loss of quality but with greatly reduced bandwidth requirements. A prototype system has been developed to demonstrate the concept. The experimental results show significant savings of required bandwidth for video subjected to the changes.