gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mathematical foundations of neurocomputing (1990)

An attempt is made to establish a mathematical theory that shows the intrinsic mechanisms, capabilities, and limitations of information processing by various architectures of neural networks. A method of statistically analyzing one-layer neural networks is given, covering the stability of associative mapping and mapping by totally random networks. A fundamental problem of statistical neurodynamics is considered in a way that is different from the spin-glass approach. A dynamic analysis of associative memory models and a general theory of neural learning, in which the learning potential function plays a role, are given. An advanced theory of learning and self-organization is proposed, covering backpropagation and its generalizations as well as the formation of topological maps and neural representations of information.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nosocomial Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections: The "Cold War" Has Not Ended (2000)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major nosocomial hazard on pediatric wards during its annual outbreaks. It produces significant morbidity in young children and is most severe in those with underlying conditions, especially cardiopulmonary and immunosuppressive diseases. In older patients, RSV may exacerbate an underlying condition or pulmonary and cardiac manifestations. On transplant units, of RSV may be occult and is associated with high mortality rates. The manifestations of nosocomial RSV infections may be atypical, especially in neonates and immunosuppressed patients, resulting in delayed or missed diagnosis and adding appreciably to the costs of hospitalization. RSV is primarily spread by close contact with infectious secretions, either by large-particle aerosols or by fomites and subsequent self-inoculation, and medical staff are often instrumental in its transmission. Thus, integral to any infection control program is the education of personnel about the modes of transmission, the manifestations, and the importance of RSV nosocomial infections. Hand washing is probably the most important infection control procedure. The choice of barrier controls should be decided by individual institutions depending on the patients, the type of ward, and the benefit relative to cost.
Native Italian speakers’ perception and production of English vowels (1999)

This study examined the production and perception of English vowels by highly experienced native Italian speakers of English. The subjects were selected on the basis of the age at which they arrived in Canada and began to learn English, and how much they continued to use Italian. Vowel production accuracy was assessed through an intelligibility test in which native English-speaking listeners attempted to identify vowels spoken by the native Italian subjects. Vowel perception was assessed using a categorial discrimination test. The later in life the native Italian subjects began to learn English, the less accurately they produced and perceived English vowels. Neither of two groups of early Italian/English bilinguals differed significantly from native speakers of English either for production or perception. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis of the speech learning model [Flege, in Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Theoretical and Methodological Issues (York, Timonium, MD, 1995)] that early bilinguals establish new categories for vowels found in the second language (L2). The significant correlation observed to exist between the measures of L2 vowel production and perception is consistent with another hypothesis of the speech learning model, viz., that the accuracy with which L2 vowels are produced is limited by how accurately they are perceived.
Emptiness, and: The Slow Surge, and: Bad Plants (2005)

Emptiness I've learned mine can't be filled, only alchemized. Many times it's become a paragraph or a page. But usually I've hidden it, not knowing until too late how enormous it grows in its dark. Or how obvious it gets when I've donned, say, my good cordovans and my fine tweed vest and walked into a room with a smile. I might as well have been a man with a fez and a faux silver cane. Better, I know now, to dress it plain, to say out loud to some right person in some right place that there's something not there in me, something I can't name. That some right person has just lit a fire under the kettle. She hasn't said a word. Beneath her blue shawl she, too, conceals a world. But she's been amazed how much I seem to need my emptiness, amazed I won't let it go. [End Page 24] The Slow Surge How sweetly disappeared the silky distraction of her clothes, and before that the delicacy with which she stepped out of her shoes. Can one ever unlearn what one knows? In post-coital calm I was at home in the great, minor world of flesh, languor, and whispery talk. Soon, I knew, the slow surge of dawn would give way to rush hour and chores. It would be hard to ignore the ugliness – the already brutal century, the cold, spireless malls – everything the mind lets in after lovemaking has run its course, when even a breast that excited you so is merely companionable, a place to rest your hand. Bad Plants Driven to take over by imperatives beyond their control, it takes more than good reasons to stop them – kudzu and crown vetch, for example, villains that even sound villainous. [End Page 25] Sometimes they're called invasive species, sometimes – and this is my preference – exotics, which suggests the beautiful and the dangerous in one package, like purple loosestrife, and often life as I've known it. I'm not surprised that many have beautiful names, like thistle or honeysuckle. Even the well-thought-of violet tends to muscle in, shove aside. All of them are inclined to choke out what's native. Bad plants? Nature of course would say, Careful now, watch your language, let's just see what survives. But I've been bad enough myself to know it can be dangerous to allow the natural to be natural. Never make a deal, I'd say, with kudzu, or become purple loosestrife's Neville Chamberlain. And let's not praise plants either which tend to keep to themselves, be good citizens. No rewards for being what only you can be. Sure, though, pick a violet for your best girl. Pick several. Let love when it can be a form of containment.
Appendix B: Financial Statements (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Income Statement Balance Sheet Statement of Cash Flows
Risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting (1994)

Although the aetiology of postoperative nausea and vomiting is not completely clear, a number of key contributing factors increase the risk for an individual patient. The inhalational agents are variably associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting, and nitrous oxide is particularly emetogenic. Older inhalational anaesthetics, such as cyclopropane, are associated with a high incidence, while the currently used agents, isoflurane, enflurane and halothane, cause less, but still significant postoperative nausea and vomiting. Intravenous anaesthetics are also associated with differing degrees of emesis, though the newer agent, propofol, may be less emetogenic than the older anaesthetics. Opioids, used extensively throughout surgery, are further strong emetogens. Patient factors are also important--postoperative nausea and vomiting is three times more prevalent in adult females than in males, and children are around twice as susceptible as adults. Furthermore, a previous history of postoperative nausea and vomiting or motion sickness is a known risk factor. Superimposed on this is the type of surgery--abdominal and gynaecological surgery are particularly emetogenic, and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting following strabismus surgery is high. Increased quality of healthcare, and a growing awareness of the importance of patient satisfaction, are providing new incentives to ensure that postoperative nausea and vomiting is dealt with adequately.
A new approach to the pin assignment problem (1989)

A study, motivated by the goal of integrating the placement and routing steps in the physical design of VLSI circuits, of the pin assignment problem for macrocells is discussed. It is assumed that the macrocells have already been placed. It is also assumed that the design of the macrocells is still soft in that although the pins in a cell have a fixed relative order, they can be shifted around the boundary of the cell. An algorithm to determine how the pins are to be shifted so that the weighted sum of the lengths of the connecting wires is minimal is developed. Good experimental results were obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Miniplate Fixation of Le Fort I Osteotomies (1986)

The use of rigid, internal, three-dimensional fixation using vitallium bone plates in 28 consecutive Le Fort I osteotomies is presented. A minimum follow-up period of 6 months was required for inclusion in this patient group. Maxillary movements included advancements (17), intrusions (9), lengthenings (5), and retrusions (2). The majority of maxillae were moved in more than one plane of space. Technical details, complications, and relapse potential are discussed. Advantages of rigid plate fixation include marked reductions in the length of intermaxillary fixation with light training elastics only. Immediate postoperative airway problems are thereby eliminated. Six months of follow-up would appear to indicate a low potential for osseous relapse when compared to wire osteosynthesis, regardless of the direction of maxillary movement. The major disadvantage is the decreased ability of postoperative orthodontics to move dento-osseous segments if skeletal occlusal disharmony persists postoperatively. For this reason, close attention to preoperative planning and operative technique is critical for the success of this fixation method.
Speech recognition using variable frame rate coding (2005)

This paper investigates the effect of LPC based time compression schemes on dynamic programming (DP) and its alternatives. Two compression schemes, one with fixed threshold and the other with variable threshold both incorporated with two control factors, the rate of frame overlap and the step of interframe interval, are investigated. The test speech is 40-word alpha-digit vocabulary pronounced by 10 males and 10 females. Results found are: (1) limited time sequence compression does not impose any negative effect on DP or its alternatives and (2) variable threshold scheme performs better than the fixed threshold scheme. More detailed discussion on the compression schemes and DP interaction are included.
NEURONAL TUMOR CELLS WITH EXCITABLE MEMBRANES GROWN <i>in vitro</i> (1969)

Mouse neuroblastoma cells grown in vitro are capable of generating action potentials in response to electrical stimulation. A wide spectrum of responses was observed with different cells ranging from passive responses to action potentials. A hypothesis is proposed concerning the acquisition of electrical excitability as neuroblasts mature into neurons.
Oximetry system performance assessment with POM (acetal) phantoms incorporating hemoglobin calibration standards and customized saturation levels (2015)

Standardized approaches for performance assessment of biophotonic devices have the potential to facilitate system development and intercomparison, clinical trial standardization, recalibration, manufacturing quality control and quality assurance during clinical use. Evaluation of devices based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for detection of hemoglobin (Hb) content and oxygenation have often involved tissue-simulating phantoms incorporating artificial dyes or flow systems. Towards the development of simple, effective techniques for objective, quantitative evaluation of basic NIRS system performance, we have developed and evaluated two test methods. These methods are based on cuvette inserts in solid turbid phantoms for measuring commercially-available Hb oximetry standards and custom-formulated oxy/deoxy-Hb solutions. Both approaches incorporate solid acetal, or polyoxymethylene (POM), as a tissue-simulating matrix material. First, inverse-adding-doubling (IAD) based on measurements with a spectrophotometer and an integrating sphere was used to measure POM optical properties and their stability over time. Second, two fiberopticprobe- based NIRS systems were used to measure concentration change of oxy- and deoxy-Hb in standard Hb solutions and customized Hb solutions by adding yeast. Differences in system performance were likely due to differences in light source outputs and fiberoptic probe design. Our preliminary results indicate that simple phantom-based approaches based on commercially available polymers and inclusions containing Hb standards, or controlled oxygenation levels may be useful for benchtop assessment of NIRS device quality for a variety of biophotonic devices.
The oat crop : production and utilization (1995)

Contributors. Preface. Abbreviations and acronyms. Oats and oat production in history and prehistory. World production and use of oats. International trade in oats. Structure and development of oats. Oat evolution and cytogenetics. Oat breeding and genetics. Aspects of oat physiology. Agronomy of oats. Diseases, pests and disorders of oats. The chemical composition of oats. Oats for animal feed. Oat milling, processing and storage. Food uses of oats. Oats in human nutrition and health. Industrial uses of oats. Naked oats. Biotechnology and oat improvement - progress and prospects. Index of oat landraces, varieties, cultivars and breeders' lines. General index.
Synaptic interactions between pyramidal cells and interneurone subtypes during seizure‐like activity in the rat hippocampus (2004)

We have recently reported that excitatory GABAergic and glutamatergic mechanisms may be involved in the generation of seizure-like (ictal) rhythmic synchronization (afterdischarge), induced by a strong synaptic stimulation of the CA1 pyramidal cells in the mature rat hippocampus in vitro. To clarify the network mechanism of this neuronal synchronization, dual whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of the afterdischarge responses were performed simultaneously from a variety of interneurones and their neighbouring pyramidal cells in hippocampal CA1-isolated slice preparations. According to morphological and electrophysiological criteria, the recorded interneurones were then classified into distinct subtypes. The non-fast-spiking interneurones located in the strata lacunosum-moleculare and radiatum hardly discharged during the afterdischarge, whereas most of the fast-spiking and non-fast-spiking interneurones in the strata oriens and pyramidale, including the basket, chandelier and bistratified cells, exhibited prominent firings that were precisely synchronous with oscillatory responses in the pyramidal cells. Field potential recordings showed that excitatory synaptic transmissions might take place primarily in the strata oriens and pyramidale during the afterdischarge. Restricted lesions in the strata oriens and pyramidale, but not in the other layers, resulted in the complete desynchronization of afterdischarge activity, and also, local application of glutamate receptor antagonists to these layers blocked the expression of afterdischarge. The present findings indicate that the neuronal synchronization of epileptic afterdischarge may be accomplished in a 'positive feedback circuit' formed by the excitatory GABAergic interneurones and the glutamatergic pyramidal cells within the strata oriens and/or pyramidale of the hippocampal CA1 region.
Viral vectors for inducing CD8<sup>+</sup>T cell responses (2004)

CD8(+) T cells (T(CD8+)) can mediate protective immunity to intracellular pathogens and tumours. Viruses generate strong T(CD8+) responses and, therefore, represent attractive vectors for generating vaccines aimed at producing T(CD8+)-mediated protective immunity. This review will examine the immunological properties of viruses that make them good candidates as vaccine vectors, as well as the manipulations of both vector and antigen that may be required to produce an effective vaccine. The areas addressed include virus infection of dendritic cells in vivo, stimulation of the innate immune response via intracellular and extracellular pattern recognition receptors, the effect of antigenic form on the pathways of antigen presentation and the requirement for elimination of viral genes that target various aspects of the innate and adaptive immune response.
Activated α subunit of G <sub>o</sub> protein induces oocyte maturation (1991)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Cançons dels traginers de Sant Vicent del Raspeig (l’Alacantí) (2001)

El concepte de cultura popular presenta diverses definicions, una de les quals designa el tipus de cultura que funciona a les capes baixes de la poblacio. Aquesta es una de les interpretacions que mes m’hi interessa remarcar. 
Trobe que dos dels trets definitoris d’aquest tipus de cultura son la seua vinculacio al mon rural i la seua oralitat, degut precisament a la condicio sociocultural dels seus productors i receptors habituals.
[Microdochectomy with perioperative dye localization of ducts in patients with nipple secretion]. (1993)

A series of 1321 women having a discharge from the nipple were examined at the outpatient clinic. Of seven basic types of discharge: milky, multicolored, purulent, watery, yellow (serous), serosanguineous and bloody, only the last four represent and indication for surgery. Galactography was performed in 55 patients as a necessary element in the surgical plan of management. In 36 women, the operation of microdochectomy was indicated, but only 24 accepted to be subjected to that procedure. The authors describe a new technique of colour mammary ductal localization which identifies the duct from which the discharge is emerging and assures its complete excision. The procedure combines preoperative methylen blue dye injection followed by periareolar incision of the involved duct using a pair of binocular loops for magnification of the nipple. In all tissue specimens, the cause of a pathological discharge was found: 15 (62.5%) cases presented with fibrocystic disease, and in 6 carcinoma was present. This technique provides a safe and effective method of complete excision of the pathologically involved mammary duct with good cosmetic results.
Electrophysiological neural monitoring of the laryngeal nerves in thyroid surgery: review of the current literature. (2015)

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury is one of the most common complications of thyroid surgery. RLN injury can cause vocal cord paralysis, affecting the patient's voice and the quality of life. Injury of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) can cause cricothyroid muscle denervation affecting high vocal tones. Thus, securing the laryngeal nerves in these surgeries is of utmost importance. Visual identification of the nerves has long been the standard method for this precaution. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) has been introduced as a novel technology to improve the protection of the laryngeal nerves and reduce the rate of RLN injury. The aim of this article is to provide a brief description of the technique and review the literature to illustrate the value of IONM. IONM can provide early identification of anatomical variations and unusual nerve routes, which carry a higher risk of injury if not detected. IONM helps in prognosticating postoperative nerve function. Moreover, by detecting nerve injury intraoperatively, it aids in staging bilateral surgeries to avoid bilateral vocal cord paralysis and tracheostomy. The article will discuss the value of continuous IONM (C-IOMN) that may prevent nerve injury by detecting EMG waveform changes indicating impending nerve injury. Herein, we are also discussing anatomy of laryngeal nerves and aspects of its injury.
Bosnian Story. (1959)

Journal Article Bosnian Story Get access Bosnian Story. By Ivo Andrić. Trans. by Kenneth Johnstone. London, Lincolns-Prager, 1958. 462 pp. 21s. E. G. C. E. G. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 35, Issue 3, July 1959, Page 385, https://doi.org/10.2307/2612367 Published: 01 July 1959
Meta-Rule-Guided Mining of Association Rules in Relational Databases. (1995)

A meta-rule-guided data mining approach is proposed and studied which apphes meta-rules as a guidance at finding multiple-level association rules in large relational databases. A meta-rule is a rule template in the form of &quot;P A ... A P, --* Q A...A Q,,&quot;, in which some of the predicates (and/or their variables) in the antecedent and/or consequent of the meta-rule could be instantJared. The rule template is used to describe what forms of rules are expected to be found from the database, and such a rule template is used as a guidance or constraint in the data mining process. Note that the predicate variables in a meta-rule can be instantJared against a database schema, whereas the variables or some high-level constants inside a predicate can be bound to multiple (but more specific) levels of concepts in the corresponding con- ceptual hierarchies. The concrete rules at different concept levels are discovered by a progressive deepening data mining technique similar to that developed in our study of mining multiple-level association rules. Two algorithms are developed along this hne and a performance study is conducted to compare their relative efficiencies. Our experimental and performance studies demonstrate that the method is powerful and efficient in data mining from large databases.
A comparison of serum neutralisation, immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase tests for the detection of antibodies to chicken anaemia agent (1991)

A comparison was made of the serum neutralisation, immunofluorescent antibody and immunoperoxidase tests for the detection of antibodies to chicken anaemia agent. Serum samples from groups of chicks with and without maternally derived antibody to the agent were tested and the response of chicks after inoculation with the agent was also measured. The serum neutralisation test was reliable and sensitive, but expensive and could take up to three weeks to obtain a result. The immunofluorescent antibody test was cheaper and required only one day to obtain a result, but it was not as sensitive in detecting low levels of antibody to the chicken anaemia agent. The immunoperoxidase test was also cheaper but took two days to obtain a result and required one more manipulation than the immunofluorescence test. It was comparable to the serum neutralisation test in its ability to detect low levels of antibody.
Reactive Spin-locks: A Self-tuning Approach (2006)

Reactive spin-lock algorithms that can automatically adapt to contention variation on the lock have received great attention in the field of multiprocessor synchronization, since they can help applications achieve good performance in all possible contention conditions. However, in existing reactive spin-locks the reaction relies on (i) some fixed experimentally tuned thresholds, which may get frequently inappropriate in dynamic environments like multiprogramming/multiprocessor systems, or (ii) known probability distributions of inputs. This paper presents a new reactive spin-lock algorithm that is completely self-tuning, which means no experimentally tuned parameter nor probability distribution of inputs are needed. The new spin-lock is built on a competitive online algorithm. Our experiments, which use the Spark98 kernels and the SPLASH-2 applications as application benchmarks, on a multiprocessor machine SGI Origin2000 and on an Intel Xeon workstation show that the new self-tuning spin-lock helps applications with different characteristics achieve good performance in a wide range of contention levels.