gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> isolated from diverse habitats of India (2011)

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains were isolated from 94 samples from different geographical regions. Novel types of crystalline inclusion bodies were observed from some of the isolates. Crystalline inclusions of bipyramidal, spherical and cuboidal morphology were found produced by most of the isolates. Isolate GS12 showed crystal on one side of spore while isolate GM108 formed crystals on both termini of spore. Isolate GN31 produced large sized bipyramidal crystals. SDS-PAGE analysis of the spore crystal suspension showed major protein bands in the range of 29 and 140 kDa. Two new serovars of Bt viz. GS4 and GN24 having H3abce and H3ab serotype respectively were isolated. Toxicity comparable to the reference strain Bacillus thuringiensis subs. kurstaki (Btk) HD-1 was observed for the isolates GM20, GM17 and MP3 against larvae of Helicoverpa armigera. Some of the isolates harboring cry genes like cry1Ac and cry2 did not show any toxicity towards H. armigera while most of the isolates were harboring cry1, cry1Ac and cry2 gene.
Determination of Airborne Carbonyls:  Comparison of a Thermal Desorption/GC Method with the Standard DNPH/HPLC Method (2003)

The standard method for the determination of gaseous carbonyls is to collect carbonyls onto 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNPH) coated solid sorbent followed by solvent extraction of the solid sorbent and analysis of the derivatives using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). This paper describes a newly developed approach that involves collection of the carbonyls onto pentafluorophenyl hydrazine (PFPH) coated solid sorbents followed by thermal desorption and gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of the PFPH derivatives with mass spectrometric (MS) detection. Sampling tubes loaded with 510 nmol of PFPH on Tenax sorbent effectively collect gaseous carbonyls, including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal, butanal, heptanal, octanal, acrolein, 2-furfural, benzaldehyde, p-tolualdehyde, glyoxal, and methylglyoxal, at a flow rate of at least up to 100 mL/min. All of the tested carbonyls are shown to have method detection limits (MDLs) of subnanomoles per sampling tube, corresponding to air concentrations of <0.3 ppbv for a sampled volume of 24 L. These limits are 2-12 times lower than those that can be obtained using the DNPH/HPLC method. The improvement of MDLs is especially pronounced for carbonyls larger than formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. The PFPH/GC method also offers better peak separation and more sensitive and specific detection through the use of MS detection. Comparison studies on ambient samples and kitchen exhaust samples have demonstrated that the two methods do not yield systematic differences in concentrations of the carbonyls that are above their respective MDLs in both methods, including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, and butanal. The lower MDLs afforded by the PFPH/ GC method also enable the determination of a few more carbonyls in both applications.
Soon You'll Be Just Fine (2010)

Grey morning. A silver gloaming edging its way across the uttermost edge of the sky, like a piece of paper licked with flame; ash-rimmed, the merest hint of fire flaring palely from behind the mountains. The gardens are almost silent; full of ambient shadows. The flowers droop, budding, heavy with sleep and dew. Syrup coloured, butter flavoured; ready to be plucked by deft hands...
An endogeneous corpus-based method for structural noun phrase disambiguation (1993)

In this paper, we describe a method for structural noun phrase disambiguation which mainly relies on the examination of the text corpus under analysis and doesn't need to integrate any domain-dependent lexico- or syntactico-semantic information. This method is implemented in the Terminology Extraction Sottware LEXTER. We first explain why the integration of LEXTER in the LEXTER-K project, which aims at building a tool for knowledge extraction from large technical text corpora, requires improving the quality of the terminolgy extracted by LEXTER. Then we briefly describe the way LEXTER works and show what kind of disambiguation it has to perform when parsing "maximal-length" noun phrases. We introduce a method of disambiguation which relies on a very simple idea: whenever LEXTER has to choose among several competing noun sub-groups in order to disambiguate a maximal-length noun phrase, it checks each of these sub-groups if it occurs anywhere else in the corpus in a non-ambiguous situation, and then it makes a choice. The half-a-million words corpus analysis resulted in an efficient strategy of disambiguation. The average rates are:27% no disambiguation70% correct disambiguation3% wrong disambiguation
Hybrid Approach using Bilateral Filter and Set Theory for Enhancement of Degraded Historical Document Image (2012)

Historical documents play vital role in understanding our past. As these documents carry valuable information, preservation of such documents in proper format and state is a major challenge for us. Digitization is the one of the better method to preserve these documents for longer duration. Image processing techniques can be utilized to preprocess the image to enhance the images which are degraded in nature. One of the image processing techniques, preprocessing is the vital step in enhancing the degraded noisy images. In this paper a combination of bilateral filter along with set theory operations are used to enhance the historical document image. The bilateral filter is non linear filter which smoothes the image without smoothing the edges. The proposed method eliminates noise, uneven background and enhances the contrast of the script image. The result of the proposed method is compared with Mean, and Gaussian filter and are better than these methods. Performance of the proposed method is measured using Peak Signal Noise Ratio.
Activation of complement by DMSO and ethanol and its inhibition by soluble complement receptor type 1 (1995)

Conference Article| May 01 1995 Activation of complement by DMSO and ethanol and its inhibition by soluble complement receptor type 1 ALISON J. LAVER; ALISON J. LAVER 1Protein Chemistry Dept, Smithkline Beecham, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MARTIN HIBBS; MARTIN HIBBS 1Protein Chemistry Dept, Smithkline Beecham, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar RICHARD. A. G. SMITH RICHARD. A. G. SMITH 1Protein Chemistry Dept, Smithkline Beecham, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 1995 Biochemical Society1995 Biochem Soc Trans (1995) 23 (2): 167S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst023167s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation ALISON J. LAVER, MARTIN HIBBS, RICHARD. A. G. SMITH; Activation of complement by DMSO and ethanol and its inhibition by soluble complement receptor type 1. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1995; 23 (2): 167S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst023167s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: RIA - Radioimmunoassay This content is only available as a PDF. © 1995 Biochemical Society1995 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Frequency standardization (1951)

The precision of frequency standardization increased rapidly after the introduction of mechanical oscillators maintained in continuous operation.A tuning fork gave an accuracy of 1 part in 106 in 1924, and about 10 years later quartz oscillations were being used with an accuracy approaching 1 part in 108. A critical analysis of the results obtained with quartz standards suggests that still higher frequency-stability could be obtained with improved mounting of the quartz and better control of the operating conditions. The N.P.L. ring oscillators appear to have given a very satisfactory performance in the important respect of long-term frequency stability, and a further development of these rings at the Post Office has yielded very promising results.The widespread distribution of the standard by means of radio transmissions has been extended and a detailed study made of the Doppler change of frequency caused by movements of the reflecting layers in the ionosphere.Early in the development of quartz oscillators it became clear that they were more reliable timekeepers than pendulum clocks and they are now used at the larger observatories as standards of time regulated to keep in phase with the earth's rotation. The accuracy of time prediction and the uniformity of time signals has in consequence shown a marked improvement. This in turn facilitates the calibration of frequency standards. Extended observations with these precision clocks have made it clear that the period of the earth's rotation is subject to variations, which will limit the precision of time and frequency measurements so long as they are based on the period of the earth's rotation.Suggestions have been made that the velocity of light could be used as a standard, but the experimental accuracies of such methods are at present two or three orders lower than that of relating frequency to the mean solar second.Methods have been developed for measuring frequencies up to 50,000 Mc/s in terms of quartz standards; and also for controlling the frequencies of oscillators in this region by means of high-Q cavity resonators. These techniques have made it possible to investigate and measure the microwave absorption spectra of various gases. A resonance at 23,870 Mc/s in ammonia gas has been used to control the frequency of a quartz oscillator in an equipment which has been described as the first atomic clock, and other methods of using molecular and atomic resonances are being explored. Although the accuracy so far achieved is less than that of existing quartz clocks the foundation is being laid for an entirely new type of standard, which would be unaffected by the irregularities in the earth's movement.
Elements of Propulsion: Gas Turbines and Rockets (2006)

Foreword * Preface * List of Symbols * Introduction * Review of Fundamentals * Rocket Propulsion * Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine * Parametric Cycle Analysis of Ideal Engines * Component Performance * Parametric Cycle Analysis of Real Engines * Engine Performance Analysis * Turbomachinery * Inlets, Nozzles, and Combustion Systems * Appendices * References * Homework Answers * Index.
Accuracy of one-dimensional design procedures for finned-tube heat exchangers (2009)

In design procedures for finned-tube heat exchangers a common simplification is assuming that the temperature distribution is one-dimensional. In this way, the heat exchanger can be schematized as a thermal circuit with three thermal resistances in series: internal convection to the tube, conduction through the tube wall, and external convection through the fin assembly. The aim of this work is to quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of one-dimensional schematizations in the context of finned-tube heat exchangers utilized in air-conditioning applications. To this purpose, first three-dimensional benchmark results are obtained employing an in-house FEM code. Afterwards, a simplified two-dimensional model is proposed and validated through a comparison with the three-dimensional results. Finally, the simplified two-dimensional model and the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics are used to conduct a parametric study aimed at assessing the accuracy of one-dimensional schematizations. The main conclusion is that the accuracy of one-dimensional design procedures is quite acceptable for practical purposes, since it leads to errors in the estimation of heat flow rates that are always less than 2%.
Intelligent Control for USV Based on Improved Elman Neural Network with TSK Fuzzy (2014)

In recent years, based on the rising of global personal safety demand and human resource cost considerations, development of unmanned vehicles to replace manpower requirement to perform high-risk operations is increasing. In order to acquire useful resources under the marine environment, a large boat as an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) was implemented. The USV is equipped with automatic navigation features and a complete substitute artificial manipulation. This USV system for exploring the marine environment has more carrying capacity and that measurement system can also be self-designed through a modular approach in accordance with the needs for various types of environmental conditions. The investigation work becomes more flexible. A catamaran hull is adopted as automatic navigation test with CompactRIO embedded system. Through GPS and direction sensor we not only can know the current location of the boat, but also can calculate the distance with a predetermined position and the angle difference immediately. In this paper, the design of automatic navigation is calculated in accordance with improved Elman neural network (ENN) algorithms. Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy and improved ENN control are applied to adjust required power and steering, which allows the hull to move straight forward to a predetermined target position. The route will be free from outside influence and realize automatic navigation purpose.
Recent Studies at Onera on Superalloys for Single Crystal Turbine Blades (2011)

Recent alloy development works conducted at Onera for single crystal turbine blade applications succeeded in identifying specific nickel-based superalloys suited for very high temperature applications in aircraft engines and for land-based gas turbine applications in a highly corrosive environment. Various studies concerning the mechanical behavior of such single crystal superalloys showed significant effects of the chemical, microstructural and physical characteristics on the deformation mechanisms, as well as on the creep, tensile and fatigue strength of these materials. Finally, the interactions between some SC superalloys and their protective coatings were investigated, in order to evaluate their influence on the mechanical properties and on the microstructural changes in the coated alloy.
A Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Management Strategy Using Stochastic Model Predictive Control With Road Grade Preview (2015)

The energy efficiency of parallel hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) can degrade significantly when the battery state-of-charge (SoC) reaches its boundaries. The road grade has a great influence on the HEV battery charging and discharging processes, and therefore the HEV energy management can be benefited from the road grade preview. In real-world driving, the road grade ahead can be considered as a random variable because the future route is not always available to the HEV controller. This brief proposes a stochastic model predictive control-based energy management strategy using the vehicle location, traveling direction, and terrain information of the area for HEVs running in hilly regions with light traffic. The strategy does not require a determined route being known in advance. The road grade is modeled as a Markov chain and stochastic HEV fuel consumption and battery SoC models are developed. The HEV energy management problem is formulated as a finite-horizon Markov decision process and solved using stochastic dynamic programming. The proposed method is evaluated in simulation and compared with an equivalent consumption minimization strategy and the dynamic programming results. It is shown that the developed method can help maintaining the battery SoC within its boundaries and achieve good energy consumption performance.
Identification and characterization of a novel Nogo‐interacting mitochondrial protein (NIMP) (2002)

Nogo is a potent inhibitor of regeneration following spinal cord injury. To develop a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for regenerative failure we used a yeast two-hybrid approach to try and identify proteins that interact with Nogo. We identified a novel mitochondrial protein designated Nogo-interacting mitochondrial protein (NIMP) in a screen of an adult human brain cDNA library. This interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation in both brain tissue (endogenous) and transfected HEK293T cells (overexpressed). In support of these studies we demonstrate that Nogo interacts with the UQCRC1 and UQCRC2 components of complex III, within the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The mitochondrial localization of NIMP was evidenced by confocal image analysis and western blot analysis of isolated mitochondria. NIMP is highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed in mitochondria-enriched tissues. Within the CNS, NIMP-like immunoreactivity is present in neurons and astrocytes. These data suggest that NIMP is a novel mitochondrial protein that interacts with Nogo. The interaction of Nogo with mitochondrial proteins may provide insight into the mechanisms for Nogo-induced inhibition of neurite growth.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using an Autologous Composite Tendon Graft for an Animal Study-A Biomechanical Analysis (2006)

In order to help improve graft-tunnel healing and the incorporation of hamstring grafts, a composite hamstring-grafting technique (bone-hamstring tendon-bone) has been developed. The goal of this animal study was to evaluate the biomechanical results associated with two different hamstring-grafting technique and to compare outcomes. The study included twelve male dogs (mean weight 13.4±0.7 kg; mean age 17.4±4.2 months), nine of which dogs were equally divided into one of three groups whilst the three remaining dogs were selected as a control group. The right knee was reconstructed using a conventional hamstring-grafting technique (H) and the left knee using a bone-hamstring tendon-bone technique (BHB) for all nine animals from the three experimental groups. At three different times (four, eight and twelve weeks) post surgery, certain dogs were humanely euthanized following which both hind limbs were disarticulated at the hip joint. All knees were then tested for graft integrity using a conventional biomechanical testing system. When the external test load was applied to sample, we measured the extent of anterior tibial translation, and maximal tensor strength and also observed the failure site for the reconstructed knee when it eventually failed. The results of the anterior tibial translation test revealed no significant difference as regards between the two reconstructed test groups at four, eight, and also at 12 weeks. For the test parameter, maximal tensile strength, no significant difference between the two test groups was apparent at four weeks, but significant difference was detected at eight weeks, and also at twelve weeks. As regards graft-failure site, our investigations revealed all H-group test animals exhibited failure occurring within the graft-tunnel site at four weeks and 67% of BHB-group dogs demonstrated failure occurring at the tendon part at twelve weeks. In conclusion, our biomechanical animal study has demonstrated that bone-hamstring-bone grafting features a relatively early graft-healing process and exhibits a greater maximal tensor strength than is the case for hamstring-only grafting.
Myeloid and lymphoid chimerism after T-cell-depleted bone marrow transplantation: evaluation of conditioning regimens using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify human minisatellite regions of genomic DNA (1992)

Determining both myeloid and lymphoid chimerism after T-cell-depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) could be helpful in the understanding of the biology of engraftment and could provide a rational method of assessing the ability of different conditioning regimens to promote engraftment. We prospectively investigated the role of different pretransplant conditioning regimens in 29 leukemic patients post-BMT by assessing myeloid and T-cell chimerism using a rapid and sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Minisatellites are hypervariable regions of DNA consisting of tandem repeats of a core nucleotide sequence, and allelic polymorphism results from differences in the number of the repeats. We used this variation to distinguish between donor and recipient cells post-BMT. Seventeen patients (9 sibling and 8 unrelated donors) received conditioning with hyperfractionated total body irradiation (TBI), thiotepa, and cyclophosphamide (Cy). Of the other 12 patients (all sibling donors), 11 received TBI plus Cy plus another agent: VP16, carboplatinum, or AZQ. One patient received TBI plus thiotepa plus VP16. All but one of the patients studied received marrow from HLA-identical donors. PCR analysis confirmed donor lymphoid engraftment within 8 days of transplant in six of six patients studied. All granulocyte DNA was of donor origin within the first 4 weeks of transplant, regardless of the conditioning regimen. The day +28 T cells were exclusively of donor origin in 14 of 17 patients who received TBI plus thiotepa plus Cy, but were mixed chimeric in 10 of 12 patients who received other conditioning regimens (P < .001). Early graft rejection was seen in one unrelated transplant recipient conditioned with TBI plus thiotepa plus Cy. Late graft failure was observed in 3 of 12 patients with mixed T-cell chimerism and in none of 16 patients with full donor chimerism at day +28. However, 5 of 16 patients who had complete T-cell chimerism at day +28 developed acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), whereas no patient with mixed chimerism had acute GVHD. Our results indicate that minisatellite PCR is a rapid and sensitive method for assessing chimerism post-BMT, that the donor T cells are important for consistent durable engraftment, and that TBI plus thiotepa plus Cy may be superior to the other regimens studied in inducing full donor chimerism. Larger numbers and longer follow-up are necessary to confirm these data and also to assess the relationship between complete donor T-cell chimerism and leukemia-free survival.
THE SALIVARY GLAND CHROMOSOMES OF ANOPHELES OCCIDENTALIS. (1965)

Increasing emphasis is being placed on the study of the genetics of insect vectors of disease, and, although Anopheles occidentalis is not itself a malaria vector, study of its salivary gland chromosomes is important as part of investigations into the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships of anophelines, especially in view of this species' close morphological similarity to other members of the A. maculipennis complex.The authors of this paper provide a map of the salivary chromosomes of A. occidentalis, and discuss the many points of resemblance of those chromosomes to those of A. freeborni in particular. However, they point out that at least ten different paracentric inversions must be postulated to derive the A. occidentalis chromosomes from those of A. freeborni.
IIR Ultra-Wideband Pulse Shaper Design (2006)

This paper introduces a new method to generate an ultra-wideband (UWB) pulse to fill up the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) mask. One way to generate the pulse is by summing a weighted delayed elementary waveform (e.g., a Gaussian monocycle pulse). This method can be reduced to an FIR filter design problem. In this paper, an IIR-like method is introduced. It generates the UWB pulse using the weighted sum of not only the delayed elementary waveform but also the feedback waveforms. Allpass decomposition and lattice structures are used to reduce the complexity of the implementation. Simulation shows that the IIR based method has higher filling efficiency than the FIR based method. Simulation also shows that the impulse response of the IIR shaper decays very fast. Therefore the expected long transient created by the IIR shaper is negligible