gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Partial Characterization of a Parathyroid Hormone-Stimulated Resorption Factor(s) from Osteoblast-Like Cells* (1989)

PTH stimulates osteoblast-like cells to produce a product(s) capable of increasing cellular bone resorption. We have investigated this phenomenon using primary cultures of osteoblasts and the clonal osteoblast-like cell line ROS 17/2. Conditioned medium from PTH-stimulated populations of either culture increases bone resorption compared to conditioned medium measured in three independent assay systems; the isolated osteoclast assay system, elicited macrophages, and the fetal bone rudiment system. Characterization of the factor(s) of PTH-stimulated osteoblast-like cell (ROS 17/2) suggests that the compound(s) is not prostaglandin (no inhibition by indomethacin; not extractable in diethylacetate). Rather, it is heat and protease sensitive. In addition, secretion of the product is sensitive to cycloheximide. These findings lead us to the conclusion that the factor(s) is protein. Further work demonstrates the necessity for a divalent cation for retention of factor activity. Finally, we have estimated the molecular radius of the factor as about 110,000 daltons and perhaps a second at about 70,000 daltons using a sizing column. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of [35S]methionine-labeled PTH-stimulated ROS culture supernatants reveals relatively increased secretion of proteins with these approximate molecular radii.
A Web user interface for an interactive software repository (2004)

Using tools aimed at promoting the reuse of existing components costs the user in the time and effort needed to install and understand the tool. These costs could counteract or subsume the benefits of reuse argued for by reuse practitioners, rendering the activity worthless. One approach to reducing these costs is to deploy the tools in an environment that the user is already familiar with, and has easy access to. We have chosen the web as just such an environment, and this choice can have a significant impact on the usability and utility of the tool. This paper discusses the difficulties that arise from our use of the web, and the manner in which we have partly overcome these difficulties.
[Detection of RB1 mutations by using quantitative fluorescent mutiplex PCR]. (1999)

The approach is a rapid, cost-effective initial method for screening patient samples. It has been used to identify approximately 50% positives of tested samples. The mutations shown were not only small deletion and insertion, but also the single copy exons heterozygous mutation in the RB1 gene which the previously used methods were unable to detect. These features make the technique an attractive approach to clinical diagnosis of gene defects.
Efficient Synthesis of Aza-Heterocycles by a Domino Process using an Inter- and an Intramolecular Heck Reaction (1998)

The palladium-catalyzed regioselective intermolecular Heck reaction of (Z)-2-(2-bromoethenyl)bromobenzene 6 and the cyclic enamide 9 gives 5 and 8 in an overall yield of 63%. Intramolecular Heck of 5 and 8, respectively leads to the tricyclic compounds 4 and 7, in 78% and 70% yields, respectively, which belong to two different classes of heterocyclic systems. The transformation can also be carried out as a domino process without isolation of the intermediates 5 and 8.
Shipboard HF interference: problems and mitigation (2003)

Cosite HF interference on shipboard is becoming more acute because of emerging requirements that call for simultaneous transmissions with antijam and frequency-hopping formats. The authors quantify several interferers and suggest ways to improve transmission. They include self-steering, low-level filters, linearized transmitters, intermod cancellation, improved transmitter-antenna coupling, time-disciplined data transmission and the exploitation of other new HF hardware developments. The poor frequency agility found in present shipboard HF systems can be improved by employing low-level, self-steering filters and the dedication of a power amplifier to each of three antennas. Reduction of radiated IM (intermodulation) can be accomplished by predistortion techniques. Shipboard IM into receivers from local transmitters can be reduced by partial cancellation. New hardware offers adaptive modems and dual diversity for improved performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Physics of Textured III-Nitride Quantum Wells for Applications to LEDs (2006)

Summary form only given. In this paper we report the growth of GaN/AlGaN MQWs by MBE on atomically-smooth (0001) GaN templates and (0001)-oriented GaN templates with random surface texture. We show that this approach of employing nanotextured surfaces and "wrinkled" QWs leads to the improvement of both the internal quantum efficiency as well the extraction efficiency. AFM studies show that the MQWs replicate the texture of the GaN template. The PL and CL spectra from the smooth MQWs are red shifted and those of the textured MQWs are blue shifted with respect to the bulk GaN spectrum. These results are consistent with a reduction of polarization-induced electric fields in the parts of the textured MQWs which are not perpendicular to the [0001] polar direction. Furthermore, the PL intensity from the textured QWs, with well widths 7nm, was found to be about 700 times higher than that from similarly produced MQWs on smooth GaN templates. This significant enhancement in the PL intensity from the textured MQWs is attributed partly to the enhancement in light extraction efficiency and partly to the enhancement in internal quantum efficiency. One obvious source for the increase in internal quantum efficiency in the textured MQWs is the reduction of the quantum confined stark effect (QCSE) since the majority of the planes of the MQWs are not perpendicular to the polar direction. An additional source for the increase in internal quantum efficiency is the enhanced spontaneous emission at the wedges of intersecting planes of QWs, where they form quantum wire-like structures. These conclusions are supported by spot CL measurements taken in regions with different surface orientations. The employment and benefits of such textured MQWs in III-Nitride LEDs is discussed
Spatially resolved measurement of the electrical properties of the rf discharge in a fast-axial-flow laser with a rectangular cross section (1998)

A measurement procedure is reported for the power density, internal current density and plasma voltage along the flow direction of a discharge section of a fast-axial-flow laser. The rf discharge has a rectangular cross section and a narrow electrode gap for operation at high pressure. Both cw and time resolved pulsed measurements have been made.
Frequency-resolved optical gating for characterization of single- and dual-wavelength pulse generation from a self-seeded gain-switched Fabry-Perot laser (1998)

Summary form only given. Multiwavelength picosecond pulse sources are important for the future development of high-capacity wavelength- and time-division multiplexed optical systems. A simple technique to generate picosecond pulses at selected wavelengths involves the self-seeding of gain-switched Fabry-Perot (FP) laser diodes. With this technique, an external cavity is used to reinject light back into the gain-switched laser at one or more longitudinal-mode frequencies in order to obtain single or multiwavelength operation. The use of the resulting multiwavelength pulses in high-speed optical communication systems will be highly dependent on their exact intensity and phase characteristics. In this paper we use the measurement technique of frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) to completely characterize the intensity and phase of picosecond pulses from a self-seeded gain-switched FP laser operating as a single- and a dual-wavelength source.
Device for high voltage surge protection (1968)

The memorandum presents a description of an electric furnace used to heal test specimens, and it describes furnace damage caused by electrical arcs when a breaking specimen suddenly opens the inductive circuit. The device, which is applicable to an d-c circuit, provides a gap containing a dielectric material in parallel with he device to be protected. The gap is set to break down at a volatge well below the safe operating voltage of the device to be protected. A high voltage suddenly impressed on the parallel combination causes arcing across the gap and places a short circuit across the protected device. The current flow through the arcing circuit prevents further build-up voltage a level that might damage the protected device.
GLBTQ Bullying: Short Story and Policy Statement (2012)

Homophobic bullying is a problem that can cause post-traumatic stress disorder, trauma to a student in general, and internalized homophobia wherein an LGBT community member has negative perceptions of the self. A short story ("Heard Silence"), policy statement, and personal analysis each illustrate how this author's activism and advocacy is addressing the issue of homophobic bullying.
Elevated cytosolic Ca2+ activates phospholipase D in human platelets (1991)

We have examined the activation of phospholipase D in human platelets treated with alpha-thrombin. When incubated with 1-O-[9,10-3H2]hexadecyl-2-lysophosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) and 1-alkyl-[32P]lysoPtdCho for 2 h, platelets formed 3H/32P-labeled PtdCho in a ratio of 11:1. After incubation of such labeled platelets with alpha-thrombin for 5 min, increased accumulation of 3H/32P-labeled phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) was detected in the same ratio, indicating the action of phospholipase D. The Ca2+ ionophore A23187 and alpha-thrombin each stimulated the formation of labeled PtdOH as above in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, with only minor changes in labeled diglyceride. A23187 was able to cause increases in labeled PtdOH comparable to those observed with alpha-thrombin. beta-Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, an activator of protein kinase C, only slightly stimulated the accumulation of labeled PtOH. The protein kinase C inhibitor, staurosporine, totally blocked these changes but only slightly inhibited the increases in labeled PtdOH promoted by alpha-thrombin. These results suggest that an increase in intracellular Ca2+, rather than protein kinase C activity, is a major factor regulating phospholipase D in platelets exposed to alpha-thrombin. We have also examined the relative contributions of phospholipase D and diglyceride kinase (following phospholipase C action) to PtdOH accumulation in [32P]Pi-labeled platelets by comparing the 32P-specific radioactivities of PtdOH, PtdCho, and metabolic gamma-ATP in control and alpha-thrombin-exposed platelets. Based on these determinations, we conclude that 13 and 87% of incremental PtdOH in human platelets exposed to alpha-thrombin arises via phospholipase D acting on PtdCho and phospholipase C/diglyceride kinase, respectively.
Synthesis of a New Family of Ligands with Bispyrazole Structure. Reactivity of Bispyrazolylmethyl Ethers (2005)

We report the synthesis of a new family of chelating ligands containing bispyrazole structure. Some of them undergo an unusual reactivity when they react with methyl iminodiacetate. We propose a tentative mechanism that probably involves 4-chloromethylpyrazoles and the corresponding alcohols as reaction intermediates. The corresponding Gd-complexes exhibit interesting relaxivity properties being potential paramagnetic contrast agents. © 2005 The Japan Institute of Heterocyclic Chemistry All rights reserved.
Analysis of water absorbency into knitted spacer structures (2009)

The absorbency properties of knitted structures are very important in designing garments that both remove liquid sweat from the skin and provide tactile and sensorial comfort to the wearer. Water absorbency by knitted spacer structures was experimentally investigated using a gravimetric absorbency tester to record absorbency rate, total absorbency and time taken to saturate the structure. The geometry of spacer structures was analysed and a model created to define the capillary characteristic in the spacer yarn. Absorbency into the spacer structures was modelled using the fabric parameters, the capillary radius and the properties of water. Experimental and theoretical results were compared to validate the models.
A Framework for a Highly Constrained Sports Scheduling Problem (2010)

This paper introduces a framework for a highly constrained sports scheduling problem which is modeled from the requirements of various professional sports leagues. We define a sports scheduling problem, introduce the necessary terminology and detail the constraints of the problem. A set of artificial and real-world instances derived from the actual problems solved for the professional sports league owners are proposed. We publish the best solutions we have found, and invite the sports scheduling community to find solutions to the unsolved instances. We believe that the instances will help researchers to test the value of their solution methods. The instances are available online.
ON RUPTURE OF A THINNING FILM OF NON-NEWTONIAN POWER LAW LIQUID† (1992)

Abstract A linear stability analysis of a thinning film of non-Newtonian power law liquid has been employed to predict the critical thickness of rupture of films with immobile interfaces experiencing only van der Waals interactions. The assumption of immobile interfaces makes the above analysis equally applicable to the stability of foam as well as emulsion thin films. Psuedoplastic liquid thin films are found to be significantly less stable than Newtonian films. Power law liquid thin films are more stable for liquids with larger values of power law exponents and larger values of consistency indices. The critical thickness of film rupture is very sensitive to the power law exponent. As expected, the critical thickness of film rupture increases for stronger van der Walls interactions as well as for smaller surface tensions, these effects being more pronounced for psuedoplastic liquid films than their Newtonian counterparts.
Behaviour of bolted flange plate connections in rectangular hollow section tension members (1986)

Sixteen tension tests on bolted flange plate connections between rectangular hollow section steel members are described, with the connections being bolted only along two sides of the rectangular hollow section. The application of traditional prying models developed for t stubs is found to not correlate well with the test results, so analytical models based on plastic theory are consequently proposed and these are found to predict the failure mode and the joint ultimate strength to within 6 per cent (a).
Energy partitioning following photodissociation of methyl iodide in the <i>A</i> band: A velocity mapping study (1999)

Translational and internal energy partitioning in the methyl and iodine fragments formed from photodissociation of methyl iodide in the A-band region is measured using velocity mapping. State-selective detection combined with the very good image quality afforded by the two-dimensional imaging technique allow a detailed analysis of the kinetic energy and angular distributions. Product vibrational energy is, as previously known, mainly partitioned into ν2, the umbrella mode of the methyl fragment, but a substantial fraction of molecules is also excited with one quantum of ν1, the symmetric C–H stretch, especially at higher dissociation energies. Preliminary evidence is also presented for excitation of several quanta of ν4, the asymmetric deformation mode. Rotational energy partitioning is similar for CH3 products formed in both the ground-state I(2P3/2) and the spin–orbit excited I*(2P1/2) channel for photodissociation across the full A-band spectrum. Dissociation of vibrationally excited molecules plays an increasingly important role at longer dissociation wavelengths. Two CH3I modes remain populated in the pulsed beam expansion, ν2(a1), the C–I stretch, and ν6(e), the methyl rock. Each reactant vibrational mode couples in a very specific manner into the I and I* dissociation channels. Trends in vibrational and rotational energy disposal are compared with recent theoretical predictions. Readjustment of many aspects of the ab initio multidimensional potential energy surfaces which have recently been calculated for CH3I appears to be necessary. The improved resolution offered by velocity mapping also allows a more accurate determination of the C–I bond energy. A dissociation energy of 2.41±0.02 eV is found.
Enamine, XII. Umsetzung von tertiären Enamin‐Salzen mit nucleophilen Verbindungen (1963)

Abstract Die Einwirkung von Lithiumalanat, metallorganischen Verbindungen, Natriumformiat, Kaliumcyanid, Aziden, Dialkylphosphiten und Triphenylphosphin auf Hydrochloride einfacher Enamine wird untersucht. Beweisend für deren Immonium‐Struktur (V) ist die Umsetzung mit Diazomethan zu β‐Chlor‐aminen (VI). Addition von Dialkylphosphit an Enamine führt zu α‐Aminoalkyl‐phosphonsäureestern (III), Addition von HN 3 zu α‐Azido‐aminen (I), die mit Cyclohexylisocyanid die Tetrazol‐Basen II liefern.
Transmembrane topology and subcellular distribution of the benzodiazepine receptor (1986)

The distribution and transmembrane topology of benzodiazepine receptors were investigated in situ using intact and saponin-treated neurons of brain cell cultures. Reversible ligand binding and photoaffinity labeling, using 3H-flunitrazepam as a probe, were employed in conjunction with trypsin-induced exhaustive proteolysis and competition binding using a novel benzodiazepine (Ro7-0213) that contains a quaternary ammonium moiety bearing a full positive charge. About 80% of the benzodiazepine receptors, with apparent subunit molecular weights of 48,000 and 51,000, are located in the surface membrane and contain one or more trypsin-sensitive sites exposed at the extracellular surface. The ligand recognition sites of the surface receptors are orientated toward the extracellular space and are sensitive to both competition by Ro7-0213 and trypsin attack. Approximately 20% of the receptors are intracellular or sequestered and are insensitive to both trypsin and competition by Ro7-0213 in intact cells. Strikingly, all of the 3H-flunitrazepam photolabeled sites inaccessible to competition by Ro7-0213 are also resistant to extracellular trypsin, but are sensitive to trypsin and Ro7-0213 in saponin-treated cells. This result provides strong evidence for protected receptors. Surface receptors are differentially sensitive to trypsin-induced inactivation such that 57% (of total) are inactivated, while 24% (of total) are cleaved but, surprisingly, retain the capacity to bind 3H-flunitrazepam. The observation that the ability of the receptor fragment to bind ligand is unaltered demonstrates that the integrity of the benzodiazepine binding site is not contingent upon the presence of about half of the intact polypeptide chain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Coupling of Action Potential Activity Between Unmyelinated Fibers in the Peripheral Nerve of Monkey (1985)

Bidirectional coupling of action potential activity occurs between unmyelinated fibers in the normal peripheral nerve of monkey. The site of coupling is near the cutaneous nociceptive receptor associated with one of the fibers. This coupling could be due to an electrical synapse and could provide the basis for the flare associated with the axon reflex.
(Invited) Charge Separation and Recombination at Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Photovoltaic Interfaces (2016)

Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have several fundamental properties that make them attractive for photovoltaics, including high electron and hole mobilities, size-tunable ionization potentials and electron affinities in an energy range relevant to many PV devices, and strong optical transitions in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions. These properties have motivated the use of thin SWCNT films for both charge extraction in PV electrodes and charge generation in PV active layers. In both of these applications, the time scales and mechanisms for interfacial charge separation and recombination play crucial roles in determining the resulting photovoltaic efficiencies. In this presentation, I will discuss time-resolved spectroscopic studies of charge separation and recombination across PV-relevant interfaces with SWCNTs. I will discuss two model interfaces – (1) SWCNT/perovskite interfaces, where the SWCNTs are used to extract holes from the perovskite active layer, and (2) SWCNT/fullerene interfaces, where charges are generated via interfacial dissociation of SWCNT excitons. Following the evolution of excitons and charges with multiple techniques provides a platform for understanding the time scales and quantum yields for interfacial charge transfer, recombination rates and mechanisms, and the dependence of charge transfer rates and yields on interfacial energetics. These time-resolved measurements are correlated with device results to provide a window into the connection between interfacial energetics/kinetics and device function.
Do Variants Associated with Susceptibility to Pancreatic Cancer and Type 2 Diabetes Reciprocally Affect Risk? (2015)

Currently identified GWAS susceptibility variants are unlikely to explain the potential shared genetic etiology between Type 2 diabetes and pancreatic cancer.
Identification of linear systems in canonical form through an EM framework (2010)

Least-squares estimation has always been the main approach when applying prediction error methods (PEM) in the identification of linear dynamical systems. Regardless of the estimation algorithm, if there are no restrictions on the form of the matrices we want to estimate, the matrices can be determined up to within a linear transformation and thus the result may be different than the true solution and the convergence of iterative algorithms may be affected. In this paper, we apply a new identification procedure based on the Expectation Maximization framework to a family of identifiable state-space models. To our knowledge, this is the first complete solution of Maximum-Likelihood estimation for general linear state-space models.
Cluster-based approaches to the statistical modelling of dialogue data in the British National Corpus (2006)

Spoken language dialogue systems (SLDSs) are becoming more and more widespread as interfaces between human users and automated systems. The speech recogniser is a key component of an SLDS, and a statistical language model is at the core of most successful recognisers. In this paper, we describe and compare several cluster-based strategies for modelling dialogue turns, applying them to pairs of successive short dialogue turns from the British National Corpus - the type of turn pairs likely to be common in the kind of highly interactive dialogues in which an SLDS would be expected to participate. (10 pages)