gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2499: Intravascular Ultrasound Analysis of Culprit Lesion in Young Population with Acute Myocardial Infarction (2006)

Background: A minority of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occur in pts younger than 45 or older than 80. We hypothesized that these “outliers” might have age-dependent differences in culprit lesion morphology. Methods: We used pre-intervention intravascular ultrasound to compare 49 pts younger than 45 yrs (mean 40 ± 3.8yrs) vs 42 pts older than 80 years (mean age 85 ± 3.9). Presence of ST elevation MI was similar in younger and in octogenarian population (28% vs 37%). Standard IVUS qualitative and quantitative measurements were performed at lesion site and references. Results: As shown in the Table, compared to octogenarians, culprit lesions in younger patients were shorter, lumen area was larger, plaque rupture was more common (35% vs 9%, p=0.004 ), thrombus formation more common (24% vs 2%, p=0.002), and positive remodeling more common. Moreover, younger patients had more soft plaque (47% vs 19%, p=0.005 ) and fibrous plaque (20% vs 5%, p=0.027) while octogenarians more often had calcified plaque (57% vs 8%, p=0.000 ). Conclusion: Morphology of culprit lesion in AMI depends on pts age with higher incidence of ruptures plaques, thrombus formation, and positive remodeling and shorter lesions in younger population. This suggests that the mechanism of AMI in these two patient groups is also different.
Palladium catalyzed C3-arylation of 4-hydroxy-2-pyridones (2014)

The direct arylation of N-substituted-4-hydroxy-2-pyridones with aryl boronic acids has been achieved under palladium catalysis. The mild reaction conditions applied in this method and the use of a conventional catalytic system offer an attractive protocol for the efficient synthesis of a variety of 3-arylated products.
Enterobacteriaceae in Sultanate of Oman (2012)

Twenty-two carbapenem-resistant enterobacterial isolates were recovered from patients hospitalized between October 2010 and March 2011 at the Royal Hospital of Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. Eleven NDM-1, five OXA-48 and one NDM-1 plus OXA-181 producers of diverse ST types were recovered from clinical samples. All carbapenemase genes were located on selfconjugative plasmids and were nearly always associated with other resistance determinants, including extended-spectrum b-lactamases and the ArmA methylase encoding resistance to aminoglycosides. This work highlights the dissemination of NDM-1 and OXA-48-type producers in the Middle East.
<title>Compact optical delay line rf filter using a surface-emitting laser diode array</title> (1994)

An optical delay line rf filter using a 16-element laser diode array to tap an acousto-optic cell is demonstrated. The optical architecture uses heterodyne detection of multiple laser taps to sum delayed versions of an input RF signal. Experimental results are presented that verify performance as a variable delay line or RF filter. Application for the delay line filter includes analog signal processing in the RF or IF portion of a radar receiver.
[The innervation of the digestive tract: its morphofunctional and neurochemical aspects]. (1996)

The innervation of the alimentary tract (or enteric nervous system, ENS) represents the third division of the autonomic nervous system and it appears to be unique for its intrinsic ability to mediate reflex activity even when disconnected from the central nervous system. Enteric nerve cells can be classified in subclasses according to combined classic morphological criteria (Dogiel type I, II and III) and electrophysiological properties (type S and AH). A further major feature of the ENS lies in the variety of chemical messengers expressed in its neuronal elements. These substances can act either as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators. A common finding of enteric neurons is to synthetize and store several chemical messengers, a phenomenon known as neurochemical coding. As a consequence, neurotransmission involves the release and action of more than one messenger, an event referred to as plurichemical transmission. Recently, the use of combination of methods (such as immunohistochemical, pharmacological and electrophysiological techniques) has led to the identification of specific functionally distinct categories of enteric neurons. Thus, inhibitory and excitatory motor neurons, interneurons, vasomotor and sensory neurons are now recognized to constitute the complex network of the ENS. These neuronal elements are synaptically connected to form microcircuits which play a pivotal role to control digestive functions, including motility, blood flow, secretion and absorbtion.
Determination of the tissue distributions and relative concentrations of the postsynaptic 43-kDa protein and the acetylcholine receptor in Torpedo. (1986)

A protein of Mr 43,000 (43-kDa protein) occurs on the postsynaptic membrane in close association with the acetylcholine receptor and comprises a major part of the postsynaptic cytoskeletal apparatus. We have devised an immunological assay for the 43-kDa protein to determine if it is confined to receptor-specific sites or if it, like general cytoskeletal proteins, has a more widespread tissue distribution. The assay utilizes monoclonal antibodies (Mab) to the 43-kDa protein that recognize two spatially separate epitopes. One Mab, attached to the well of a microtiter plate, binds the antigen which is then available to bind the biotin-derivatized second Mab. Bound second antibody is detected with either avidin-alkaline phosphatase or a more elaborate system using avidin, rabbit anti-avidin, and anti-rabbit IgG-alkaline phosphatase conjugate. A similar assay was developed for the receptor. The 43-kDa protein and the receptor are found in electric organ and, in 500-fold lower concentrations, in skeletal muscle but are not detectable in heart, liver, pancreas, or brain. In electric organ, the receptor and the 43-kDa protein are present in approximately equimolar concentrations. These results indicate that the 43-kDa protein is not a general membrane-associated cytoskeletal element and that its occurrence, and possibly also its function, is related to the acetylcholine receptor.
Technology evaluation: ipilimumab, Medarex/Bristol-Myers Squibb. (2005)

Medarex and Bristol-Myers Squibb are developing ipilimumab, an immunostimulatory human antibody against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, for the potential combination or monotherapy treatment of melanoma, prostate, breast, renal and other cancers, as well as HIV infection.
The Y-STR Genetic Diversity of an Idaho Basque Population, with Comparison to European Basques and US Caucasians (2011)

Fifty unrelated Basque males from southwest Idaho were typed for the 17 Y-STR loci in the Yfiler multiplex kit (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, YGATA H4.1 and DYS385a/b). In total, 42 haplotypes were identified, with no more than two individuals sharing a single haplotype. The haplotype diversity (HD) was 0.9935, and gene diversity (D) over loci was 0.457 ± 0.137. The Idaho Basque population was compared to the source population from the Basque autonomous region of Northern Spain and Southern France, as well as a United States Caucasian population. The haplotype diversity for the immigrant Basque sample is within 0.4% of the haplotype diversity of the European Basques (0.9903); thus the power of discrimination is similar for each population. The Idaho Basque population has less diversity in 9 out of 16 loci (considering DYS385a/b together) and 3% less diversity across all loci, compared to the European Basque population. A multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS) was created using pairwise R(ST) values to compare the Idaho Basques to other populations. Based upon R(ST) and F(ST) measures, no significant differentiation was found between the Idaho and source European Basque population.
Systems biology and the discovery of diagnostic biomarkers. (2010)

Systems biology is an approach to the science that views biology as an information science, studies biological systems as a whole and their interactions with the environment. This approach, for the reasons described here, has particular power in the search for informative diagnostic biomarkers of diseases because it focuses on the fundamental causes and keys on the identification and understanding of disease- perturbed molecular networks. In this review, we describe some recent developments that have used systems biology to address complex diseases - prion disease and drug induced liver injury- and use these as examples to illustrate the importance of understanding network structure and dynamics. The knowledge of network dynamics through in vitro experimental perturbation and modeling allows us to determine the state of the networks, to identify molecular correlates, and to derive new disease treatment approaches to reverse the pathology or prevent its progress into a more severe state through the manipulation of network states. This general approach, including diagnostics and therapeutics, is becoming known as systems medicine.
Abstract 016: Bbs1 Gene Deletion From The Leptin Receptor Neurons Causes Obesity And Hypertension In Mice (2014)

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a pleiotropic autosomal recessive disorder associated with several features including obesity and hypertension. Deletion of BBS genes globally or in the nervous system recapitulated many of the BBS phenotypes including obesity and hypertension. Here, we assessed the effect of ablating the Bbs1 gene from the neurons expressing the long signaling form of the leptin receptor (LepRb). Breeding Bbs1 flox with LepRb Cre mice created mice deficient in the Bbs1 gene only in LepRb-positive neurons (visualized by tdTomato expression) as indicated by loss of leptin activation of Stat3. Importantly, Bbs1 flox /LepR Cre mice display an obesity phenotype as indicated by the increased (P<0.05) body weight (39±2 vs. 30±1 g in controls) and fat mass measured by MRI (14±3 vs. 4±1 g in controls) associated with increased (P<0.05) food intake (3.4±0.1 vs. 2.9±0.1 g in controls) in 25 weeks old mice. However, body weight and fat pads of pair-fed LRb Cre /Bbs1 fl/fl mice remained significantly elevated compared to controls suggesting that LRb Cre /Bbs1 fl/fl mice have reduced energy expenditure. Consistent with this possibility, LRb Cre /Bbs1 fl/fl mice displayed decreased (P<0.05) O 2 consumption (2.6±0.1 vs. 3.1±0.1 mL/100g/min in controls) and heat production (8.1±0.3 vs. 9.6±0.3 kcal/kg/h in controls). These results indicate that hyperphagia and decreased energy expenditure contribute to the development of obesity in Bbs1 flox /LepR Cre mice. Next, we assessed the effect on arterial pressure (AP) and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) of ablating the Bbs1 gene from the LepR-containing neurons. Interestingly, deletion of the Bbs1 gene in LepR neurons recapitulates the hypertension phenotype of BBS as indicated by elevated mean AP (125±4 vs 109±3 mmHg in controls, P=0.03). Conscious renal SNA was also elevated in LRb Cre /Bbs1 fl/fl mice relative to controls (97±8 vs 62±10 spikes/sec, P<0.05). Finally, the depressor effect of ganglionic blockade (hexamethonium) was exaggerated in Bbs1 flox /LepR Cre mice (-57±5 vs -38±5 mmHg in control, P=0.01). These findings demonstrate that the Bbs1 gene in LepR neurons is critical for energy homeostasis and arterial pressure regulation.
Cathepsin K deficiency partially inhibits, but does not prevent, bone destruction in human tumor necrosis factor–transgenic mice (2008)

The results of our experiments raise doubts about a crucial role of cathepsin K in arthritic bone destruction.
Minimal Excitation States of Electrons in One-Dimensional Wires (2006)

A strategy is proposed to excite particles from a Fermi sea in a noise-free fashion by electromagnetic pulses with realistic parameters. We show that by using quantized pulses of simple form one can suppress the particle-hole pairs which are created by a generic excitation. The resulting many-body states are characterized by one or several particles excited above the Fermi surface accompanied by no disturbance below it. These excitations carry charge which is integer for noninteracting electron gas and fractional for Luttinger liquid. The operator algebra describing these excitations is derived, and a method of their detection which relies on noise measurement is proposed.
The International Year of Natural Fibers and ESCORENA Involvement (2009)

The General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) has proclaimed 2009 as the International Year of Natural Fibers (IYNF). The official opening of the year took place on January 22, 2009 at the Food a...
Transformation circuits (2010)

Earlier transmission-line based metamaterials were limited to having effective material parameters that are diagonal in the Cartesian basis. In contrast, this paper presents transmission-line metamaterials with arbitrary, tensorial effective material parameters. The proposed metamaterials can provide extreme control of electromagnetic fields along a surface or radiating aperture, and therefore will find application in antennas and microwave devices.
Thrombopoietin enhances neutrophil production by bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors with the aid of stem cell factor in congenital neutropenia (2000)

We examined the effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), stem cell factor (SCF), and thrombopoietin (TPO), alone or in combination, on the generation of neutrophils by bone marrow (BM) cells from three patients with severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) through the use of a serum-deprived liquid culture system. Synergistic effects of G-CSF and SCF on the neutrophil production by BM CD34+CD38+c-kit+ cells were observed in SCN patients as well as in normal controls. The addition of TPO to the culture containing G-CSF and SCF further augmented the growth of neutrophils in the two groups. Single-cell culture experiments revealed that the three-factor combination caused increases in both the number and size of neutrophil colonies compared with G-CSF + SCF in normal BM cells, whereas only a significant increment in the colony size was observed in SCN patients. Even in the presence of SCF or SCF + TPO, the concentrations of G-CSF necessary for the substantial production of neutrophils by CD34+CD38+c-kit+ cells were higher in two patients compared with the levels obtained by normal control cells. In addition, TPO did not accelerate the maturation of neutrophilic cells supported by G-CSF + SCF. When BM CD34+CD38-c-kit+ cells were targeted, the addition of TPO to the culture containing G-CSF and SCF was required for significant neutrophil colony growth in the two groups. These results suggest that TPO enhances the G-CSF-dependent neutrophil production with the aid of SCF in this disorder.
Application of Dynamic Gridding Techniques to IOR/EOR-Processes (2011)

Abstract IOR/EOR processes have moving fronts and require an accurate description at a scale much smaller than typical grid block sizes used in black-oil simulations. Furthermore, they may require extra fluid components and phases, or thermal properties, or sometimes chemical reactions between components. However, simulation of these processes on a high resolution grid throughout the reservoir is still not practical with today's computing power. One solution is to start on a coarse grid that is dynamically adjusted to provide sufficient resolution where needed. The challenge in such an approach is in identifying where and when to adjust the grid. This paper presents a semi-implicit scheme, that allows for the evaluation of grid adaption criteria within a time step, and guarantees that grid refinements occur where the fronts have propagated at the end of each time step. No assumptions on front movement need to be made in advance. The scheme is robust and accurate, while still providing strict control on the number of blocks by minimizing the extent of refined zone(s). This is of particular importance for nested refinements as the number of blocks rapidly grows with each extra refinement level. The combined use of changes in properties in space and in time allows for the definition of criteria that always reliably position the refinements along the fronts. Application of this dynamic gridding approach in simulation models with water-flooding, chemical-flooding, gas injection, and in-situ combustion demonstrates that efficient nested dynamic gridding can be implemented in a general purpose simulator to provide sufficient physical and spatial detail in meaningful field or pattern models for IOR/EOR. The key to fast and accurate dynamic gridding is the implicit evaluation of proper criteria for refining and coarsening.
Intraband Quantum Correlations in Semiconductor Quantum-Well Microcavity (2000)

We demonstrate intraband coherences induced by quantum correlations between the field and carrier density in a semiconductor quantum-well microcavity. A pair of phase-controlled optical pulses manipulate quantum states of lower mode polaritons, which lead to the quantum correlations revealed as oscillations in the time-resolved reflectivity of the upper mode. The intraband coherences live much longer than the interband dephasing time.
Electrical and optical characteristics of water under high electric stress (2003)

In order to determine the electrical characteristics of water under high electric stress, we have measured the current-electric field (I-E) characteristics of distilled water with a resistivity of 200 k/spl Omega/cm, up to electric field intensities of 1 MV/cm. The gap between a 1.7 mm diameter sphere and a plane stainless steel electrodes was varied between 50 /spl mu/m to 400 /spl mu/m. Voltage pulses with duration of 200 ns and amplitude of up to 40 kV, provided by a 50 /spl Omega/ Blumlein generator, were applied to the electrodes. In addition, measurements of changes in the index of refraction of distilled water under high electric stress were performed, using laser Schlieren method and Mach-Zehnder interferometry with a temporal resolution of one nanosecond. With the electric fields in excess of 500 kV/cm the increase in the current was found to be super linear. This is in accordance with the general I-E characteristics for polar liquids. Optical measurements at average electric fields of up to 1 MV/cm revealed that a layer with decreased index of refraction emerges from the surface of the spherical electrode, which serves as anode. Shifting of the fringes is observed even after the voltage pulse ends. This might be an indication of change in composition of water after voltage applications.
Self-reaction of diethylnitroxide radicals (1970)

Peer reviewed: Yes
Normal processes of phonon-phonon scattering and the drag thermopower in germanium crystals with isotopic disorder (2003)

A strong dependence of the thermopower of germanium crystals on the isotopic composition is experimentally found. The theory of phonon drag of electrons in semiconductors with nondegenerate statistics of current carriers is developed, which takes into account the special features of the relaxation of phonon momentum in the normal processes of phonon-phonon scattering. The effect of the drift motion of phonons on the drag thermopower in germanium crystals of different isotopic compositions is analyzed for two options of relaxation of phonon momentum in the normal processes of phonon scattering. The phonon relaxation times determined from the data on the thermal conductivity of germanium are used in calculating the thermopower. The importance of the inelasticity of electron-phonon scattering in the drag thermopower in semiconductors is analyzed. A qualitative explanation of the isotope effect in the drag thermopower is provided. It is demonstrated that this effect is associated with the drift motion of phonons, which turns out to be very sensitive to isotopic disorder in germanium crystals.
Behaviour of Cavity Formation and Convection in FeOx-SiO2 Melts under Plasma Arc. (1999)

The behaviour of oxides melted by plasma arc has been studied. Oxides of FeOx and FeOx-SiO2 were melted by argon plasma arc. A direct-current-transferred-type plasma generator was employed. Observations of the sample surface revealed that a cavity formed in the region where the plasma arc was directed and that surface flow was operative in the direction from the centre toward the edge of the melt. The depth of the cavity was governed by the balance between the hydrostatic pressure and the sum of the pressures caused by the arc and the argon gas flow. The main driving force of convection on the sample surface was the aerodynamic drag force. The temperature distribution was dependent on both the argon gas flow rate and the viscosity of the sample, because the heat from the plasma arc was mostly transported by convection on the sample surface.
Princeton Advanced Satellite Study Final Report, 8 Mar. 1965 - 15 May 1966 (1966)

Development of large aperture spaceborne telescope and high resolution ultraviolet photometry for orbiting astronomical satellite
Theory of Dissociative Adsorption Kinetics of Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules on Solid Surfaces (2002)

Nonadiabatic theory of chemical reactions is applied to the kinetics of the dissociative adsorption of homonuclear diatomic molecules on transition metal surfaces. Coordinates that characterize substrate nuclei vibrations are introduced into the theoretical model to take into account a reorganization of the substrate structure under adsorption process along with those that characterize approaching of an adsorbate molecule X2 to a substrate S and vibration motion of the molecule. The substrate is modeled by a set of the classical harmonic oscillators. An approximate expression for the activation energy is obtained under general assumptions about the form of both intermolecular potentials vi and vf characterizing the interaction of the adsorbate and substrate, and intramolecular potentials ui and uf characterizing the interaction between X atoms in the initial and final states, respectively. These assumptions allow one to calculate the activation energy in the explicit form without the detailed information about these interaction potentials. In the model, the activation energy to the dissociation is determined by the repulsive interaction of reactants, the substrate reorganization energy, and an effective energy of the reaction.
Intrathorakales Vagus-Neurinom (1968)

Die Autoren entfernten bei einem 43jährigen Mann einen aus dem intrathorakalen Abschnitt des linken Nervus vagus ausgehenden Tumor in der Größe 8×5×4 cm, der sich histologisch als Neurinom erwies. Dieser Fall ist in der gesamten Literatur der 26. intrathorakale Vagus-Tumor.