gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CMP-NeuNAc:poly-alpha-2,8-sialosyl sialyltransferase and the biosynthesis of polysialosyl units in neural cell adhesion molecules. (1985)

Prokaryotic derived probes that specifically recognize alpha-2,8-ketosidically linked polysialosyl units were developed to identify and study the temporal expression of these unique carbohydrate moieties in developing neural tissue (Vimr, E. R., McCoy, R. D., Vollger, H. F., Wilkison, N. C., and Troy, F. A. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 1971-1975). These polysialosyl units cap N-linked oligosaccharides of the complex-type on neural cell adhesion molecules (N-CAM). A Golgi-enriched fraction from 20-day-old fetal rat brain contains a membrane-associated sialyltransferase that catalyzes the incorporation of [14C]N-acetylneuraminic acid [( 14C]NeuNAc) from CMP-[14C] NeuNAc into polymeric products. At pH 6.0, 84 pmol of NeuNAc mg of protein-1 h-1 were incorporated. In sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, the major radiolabeled species migrated with a mobility expected for N-CAM. A bacteriophage-derived endoneuraminidase specific for polysialic acid was used to demonstrate that at least 20-30% of the [14C]NeuNAc was incorporated into alpha-2,8-linked polysialosyl units. This was confirmed by structural studies which showed that the endoneuraminidase-sensitive brain material consisted of multimers of sialic acid. The addition of a partially purified preparation of chick N-CAM to the membranous sialyltransferase stimulated sialic acid incorporation 3-fold. The product of this reaction was also sensitive to endoneuraminidase and contained alpha-2,8-linked polysialosyl chains, thus showing that N-CAM can serve as an exogenous acceptor for sialylation in vitro. Sialic acid incorporated into adult rat brain membranes was resistant to endoneuraminidase, indicating that the poly-alpha-2,8-sialosyl sialyltransferase activity is restricted to an early developmental epoch. It is recommended that the enzyme described here be designated CMP-NeuNAc:poly-alpha-2,8-sialosyl sialyltransferase and the trivial name poly-alpha-2,8-sialosyl sialyltransferase be adopted.
Antimicrobial Human β-Defensins in the Colon and Their Role in Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases (2013)

β-defensins are small cationic antimicrobial peptides secreted by diverse cell types including colonic epithelial cells. Human β-defensins form an essential component of the intestinal lumen in innate immunity. The defensive mechanisms of β-defensins include binding to negatively charged microbial membranes that cause cell death and chemoattraction of immune cells. The antimicrobial activity of β-defensin is well reported in vitro against several enteric pathogens and in non-infectious processes such as inflammatory bowel diseases, which alters β-defensin production. However, the role of β-defensin in vivo in its interaction with other immune components in host defense against bacteria, viruses and parasites with more complex membranes is still not well known. This review focuses on the latest findings regarding the role of β-defensin in relevant human infectious and non-infectious diseases of the colonic mucosa. In addition, we summarize the most significant aspects of β-defensin and its antimicrobial role in a variety of disease processes.
The evaluation of the all transparent pavilion project (2005)

An attempt has been made to realise the design of the All Transparent Pavilion (ATP). The realised result is presented and the process of mounting is analysed. Consequently, the structure is evaluated in terms of the design goals. Due to various problems, the pavilion was only partly realised. However, no principal obstacles were encountered, and it is therefore concluded that building structures out of annealed glass can be feasible and safe. The subject of mid-field stress concentrations in glass sheets is explored. Bending tensile stresses of over 100 MPa can be reached here in ordinary annealed glass. Improvements for a second phase of the ATP are suggested.
Lens based 77 GHz TDM MIMO radar sensor for angular estimation in multitarget environments (2013)

The demanding tasks for automotive radar systems in multi target scenarios require an increased target separation performance and new sensor concepts. In this paper a highly integrated 77 GHz TDM MIMO radar is presented. The sensor is feasible for advanced DOA estimation in azimuth and elevation. For efficient and high quality measurements a fractional-n PLL with integrated waveform generator, enabling chirp and FMCW modulations, is implemented. Spatial beamforming is done with series feed array patch antennas in combination with a dielectric cylindrical lens. Due to the usage of switchable MIMO techniques the sensor performance can be significantly increased.
Chemical Composition and Nutritional Characteristics of Quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd.) (1989)

(1989). Chemical Composition and Nutritional Characteristics of Quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd.) Food Sciences and Nutrition: Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 245-261.
Syntheses of Doped-LaCrO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; Nanopowders by Hydrothermal Method (2013)

The effects of additives and precipitants on the syntheses of doped LaCrO3 (lanthanum chromites) were studied by hydrothermal reaction at temperature ranges of 100℃ to 230℃. LaCrO3 nanopowders were synthesized by hydrothermal methods using several types of precipitants such as NaOH, KOH, NH4OH, and NH2CONH2. The influence of Sr, Ca and Co doping on the lanthanum chromites prepared by hydrothermal method were investigated. The synthesized nanopowders were characterized by means of XRD, SEM and densitometer. The electrical conductivity of the doped LaCrO3 was studied at 750℃ in air by a DC four point probe method. The particles size of undoped LaCrO3 nanopowder was approximately 100 nm when using KOH as a precipitant. The relative density of lanthanum chromite doped with calcium and cobalt is over 97%. The highest electrical conductivity of La0.62Ca0.38Co0.18Cr0.82O3 was 32.75 S/cm at 750℃ in air, which is 30 times higher than undoped LaCrO3. The density and electrical conductivity are increased by doping cobalt and calcium on the LaCrO3.
Techniques and Applications of Sphenoidal Recording (1986)

Sphenoidal electrodes were introduced in the late 1940s and early 1950s to record EEG activity from the inferior mesial temporal region. They are inserted percutaneously beneath the zygomatic arch to rest in the vicinity of the foramen ovale. They are safe, easy to insert, and well tolerated for up to 3 weeks. Artifacts are less prominent than with other types of basal electrodes. Complications are rare. Sphenoidal electrodes are superior to scalp electrodes in detecting interictal epileptiform discharges and ictal EEG patterns from the inferior mesial temporal lobe. Clinical indications include: documentation of epileptiform activity in patients with partial complex seizures in whom scalp recording has been inconclusive; diagnosis of episodes of uncertain mechanism; and localization of an epileptogenic focus in patients being evaluated for temporal lobectomy.
Influences on soft error rates in static RAMs (1987)

Alpha-particle-induced soft error rates (SERs) in RAMs were measured by exposing commercial chips, with lid and protective coating removed, to an Americium-241 alpha source. These measurements have shown that, under normal operating conditions, resistive load SRAMs can be as sensitive as DRAMs. Measurements of variations of SER with cycle time and supply voltage were in broad agreement with a model previously suggested by other workers, and explanations are proposed for the different regions of operation. The effect of an alpha-particle hit on SRAM cell is simulated using SPICE with typical process parameters. A simple analysis of the model highlights the features that determine the critical charge. The behavior predicted by this model is different in a small but significant way from that predicted by previous workers: it was confirmed by SPICE simulation. Various parameters in the cell model were changed in order to investigate the effects on the alpha-particle sensitivity, and the results of these simulations suggest a mechanism by which the sensitivity could most economically be improved. By combining the result of the simulations and experiments, quantitative estimates of expected SER improvements are presented.
Mapping the Gene Ontology into the Unified Medical Language System: Research Papers (2004)

We have recently mapped the Gene Ontology (GO), developed by the Gene Ontology Consortium, into the National Library of Medicine's Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). GO has been developed for the purpose of annotating gene products in genome databases, and the UMLS has been developed as a framework for integrating large numbers of disparate terminologies, primarily for the purpose of providing better access to biomedical information sources. The mapping of GO to UMLS highlighted issues in both terminology systems. After some initial explorations and discussions between the UMLS and GO teams, the GO was integrated with the UMLS. Overall, a total of 23p of the GO terms either matched directly (3p) or linked (20p) to existing UMLS concepts. All GO terms now have a corresponding, official UMLS concept, and the entire vocabulary is available through the web-based UMLS Knowledge Source Server. The mapping of the Gene Ontology, with its focus on structures, processes and functions at the molecular level, to the existing broad coverage UMLS should contribute to linking the language and practices of clinical medicine to the language and practices of genomics. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development, Operation and Applications of an Aerosol Generation, Calibration and Research Facility Special Issue of<i>Aerosol Science and Technology</i>on Findings from the Fine Particulate Matter Supersites Program (2004)

An aerosol generation, calibration, and research facility has been developed with the major purpose of evaluating aerosol instrumentation, including quality assurance testing, intercomparison, performance evaluation, and calibration of aerosol sizing, bulk, and speciated mass-measuring instruments. The aerosol facility also provides excellent opportunities for basic aerosol research. Polydisperse test aerosols are generated most often through spray atomization of solutions. Monodisperse test aerosols can be produced by mobility classification of polydisperse aerosols, by a vibrating orifice aerosol generator, by an electrospray aerosol generator, or by nebulization of polystyrene latex (PSL) particle suspensions. Generated inorganic, organic, and mixed aerosol particles range in size from 0.005 to greater than 1 micrometer. Physical characterization of the test aerosols is done using scanning mobility particle sizers, condensation particle counters, and an aerodynamic particle sizer. The facility includes a 450 l cylindrical glass slow-flow chamber that is used mainly for the dilution, equilibration, and controlled humidification of generated primary aerosol particles larger than 50 nm as well as for the generation of secondary aerosols through the choice of appropriate precursor reactants. Test aerosols can also be subjected to controlled concentrations of pollutant gases (O3, NOx, SO2, and VOCs). Smaller particles can also be generated and sampled either from a fast-flow chamber or a static chamber. The well-characterized aerosol environment produced in the slow-flow chamber is used to evaluate the performance of various instruments designed to measure aerosol mass, composition, and size over a range of ambient conditions. Instruments evaluated to date include an R&P standard TEOM mass monitor; a SES TEOM mass monitor; a Differential TEOM mass monitor with an electrostatic precipitator (ESP); R&P Ambient Particulate Sulfate, Nitrate, and Carbon monitors; a Particle-Into-Liquid Sampler with IC (PILS-IC); an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS); TSI scanning mobility particle sizers (SMPSs); and condensation particle counters (CPCs). Several examples of applications of the aerosol facility involving the TEOM mass monitors and the AMS are also discussed in this article.
JENNER Y LA VIRUELA (1989)

DURANTE MUCHO TIEMPO LA VIRUELA NEGRA FUE LA ENFERMEDAD MAS TEMIDA EN EL MUNDO, EN EL SIGLO XVIII, EN INGLATERRA DOS DE CADA TRES NINOS MORIA ANTES DE LLEGAR A SU TERCER ANO DE VIDA, LOS SOBREVIVIENTES QUEDABAN CIEGOS O MARCADOS CON CICATRICES PROFUNDAS. PERO HOY LA VIRUELA ES PRACTICAMENTE DESCONOCIDA, GRACIAS A QUE EDWARD JENER, MEDICO INGLES, EN 1796 DESARROLLO LA PRIMER VACUNA PARA INMUNIZAR A LA GENTE CONTRA ESTA ENFERMEDAD.
Human corneal stem cells display functional neuronal properties. (2003)

A subpopulation of human corneal stem cells exhibit neuronal properties in vitro, as evidenced by immunoreactivity to nestin, GABA receptor, glycine receptor, and serotonin receptor, as well as functional neurophysiological responses to GABA and kainic acid. Human corneal stem cells may represent a potential source of non-embryonic, autologous, surgically-accessible graft material with neuronal potential.
In vitro and in vivo Characterization ofFactor VIII Preparations (1980)

An in vitro and in vivo comparison of nine commercial and noncommercial factor VIII preparations was made. These consisted of one lyophilized cryoprecipitate, four intermediate (IPC) and four high purity concentrates (HPC). Protein, fibrinogen, factor VIII complex, IgG, IgM and anti-A and B alloagglutinins levels were measured. These three qualities of product were defined by two ratios: units of F VIII : C per mg of protein and per mg of fibrinogen. They were, respectively, <0.5 and <1 in cryoprecipitate, 0.5-1 and 1-3 in IPC, and >1 and >3 in HPC. The F VIII : C/F VIII : AG ratio ranged from 0.3 to 0.6 and the F VIII : C/F VIII : VWF ratio was always lower than 1. Varying titers of alloagglutinins were found, unrelated to either IgG or IgM levels. Seven of these preparations were injected into several classical hemophilia A patients for treatment of minor hemorrhages. The peak of F VIII : C activity was always found 1 h postinjection. The F VIII : C recovery ranged from 80 to 140% and the half-life from 8 to 15 h. No significant difference was found among these products and the clinical efficacy was similar.
Guest Editorial Special Section on In-Vehicle Embedded Systems (2009)

This special section presents four papers covering a spectrum of topics, ranging from schedulability and real-time quality-of-service analysis, to the composability issues when components provided by different partners are to be integrated or when the designer wants to obtain preliminary results on end-to-end response time during earlier phases of the design process.
Systematic nonlinearities in the perception of temporal intervals. (1999)

Rats judged time intervals in a choice procedure in which accuracy was maintained at approximately 75% correct. Sensitivity to time (d') was approximately constant for short durations 2.0-32.0 s with 1.0- or 2.0-s spacing between intervals (n = 5 in each group, Experiment 1), 2.0-50.0 s with 2.0-s spacing (n = 2, Experiment 1), and 0.1-2.0 s with 0.1- or 0.2-s spacing (n = 6 in each group, Experiment 2). However, systematic departures from average sensitivity were observed, with local maxima in sensitivity at approximately 0.3, 1.2, 10.0, 24.0, and 36.0 s. Such systematic departures from an approximately constant d' are predicted by a connectionist theory of time with multiple oscillators and may require a modification of the linear timing hypothesis of scalar timing theory.
Diagnostic value of serum adenosine deaminase level in pulmonary tuberculosis. (2013)

Serum ADA level may be proposed as a proper index for TB diagnosis.
Copolymerization of <i>cis</i>‐butenedioic acid with sodium methallylsulfonate in an aqueous solution (1990)

Abstract Water‐soluble copolymers of cis ‐butenedioic acid (MA) with sodium methallylsulfonate (SMAS) were prepared in aqueous solution using potassium persulfate (KPS) as the initiator. The effects of reaction conditions (e.g., monomer concentration, initiator concentration, monomer fractions and pH, reaction temperature and times, etc.) on the copolymerization were also studied. The results showed that higher conversion could be obtained under suitable conditions (see Figs. 1–5). The copolymers were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy. The ratios of infrared absorbances at 1585 cm −1 (carboxyl absorption) and 1048 cm −1 (sulfonic group absorption) were used to de‐termine the composition of poly(MA‐ co ‐SMAS). The reactivity ratios were calculated by Kelen–Tudos method and Fineman–Ross method. Both the chemical analysis and the scanning electron micrographs showed that the copolymer has an excellent antiscaling effect on calcium carbonate.
Differential Recurrent Neural Networks for Action Recognition (2015)

The long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network is capable of processing complex sequential information since it utilizes special gating schemes for learning representations from long input sequences. It has the potential to model any sequential time-series data, where the current hidden state has to be considered in the context of the past hidden states. This property makes LSTM an ideal choice to learn the complex dynamics of various actions. Unfortunately, the conventional LSTMs do not consider the impact of spatio-temporal dynamics corresponding to the given salient motion patterns, when they gate the information that ought to be memorized through time. To address this problem, we propose a differential gating scheme for the LSTM neural network, which emphasizes on the change in information gain caused by the salient motions between the successive frames. This change in information gain is quantified by Derivative of States (DoS), and thus the proposed LSTM model is termed as differential Recurrent Neural Network (dRNN). We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model by automatically recognizing actions from the real-world 2D and 3D human action datasets. Our study is one of the first works towards demonstrating the potential of learning complex time-series representations via high-order derivatives of states.
Higher-Order Factors of Cognitive Ability (1993)

… all the ground that has been, or ever can be, covered by mental tests may forthwith be mapped out in at least general outlines.Charles Spearman (1923, p. 354)
Eccentric LVH healing after starting renal replacement therapy. (2003)

Hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are commonly associated in patients with CRF starting RDT. We report a case of eccentric LVH with marked dilatation and subsequent mitral incompetence of +3/4 that disappeared after three months of standard hemodialysis. Mrs SN, 62 years old, starting HD, had an echocardiography because of dyspnoea; the echo showed: dilated left atrium (78 ml/m2), moderately dilated left ventricle with normal systolic function (TDV 81 ml/m2, EF 66%), an increased ventricular mass (120 gr/m2) and a high grade mitral incompetence +3/4. After three months standard RDT and a dry weight only 2 kg less, the patients was normotensive without therapy, a cardiac angiogram with a hemodynamic study was performed as a pre-transplant workout: a normal left ventricle was found with normal systolic function (TDV 66, TSV 17, GS 49, EF 75%), and a perfectly competent mitral valve (reflux disappeared). The coronary angiography did not reveal critical stenosis. A new echocardiography confinned the data of the hemodynamic study: hypertensive cardiomiopathy with normal systolic function. After one year the patient has been transplanted, with a good renal function and the cardiac echo unchanged. Relieving uremic toxicity ameliorated the cardiac performance in this particular patient.
Compressive Sensing Based High-Resolution Channel Estimation for OFDM System (2011)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a technique that will prevail in the next-generation wireless communication. Channel estimation is one of the key challenges in OFDM, since high-resolution channel estimation can significantly improve the equalization at the receiver and consequently enhance the communication performances. In this paper, we propose a system with an asymmetric digital-to-analog converter/analog-to-digital converter (DAC/ADC) pair and formulate OFDM channel estimation as a compressive sensing problem. By skillfully designing pilots and taking advantages of the sparsity of the channel impulse response, the proposed system realizes high-resolution channel estimation at a low cost. The pilot design, the use of a high-speed DAC and a regular-speed ADC, and the estimation algorithm tailored for channel estimation distinguish the proposed approach from the existing estimation approaches. We theoretically show that in the proposed system, a N-resolution channel can be faithfully obtained with an ADC speed at M=O(S <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> log(N/S)), where N is also the DAC speed and S is the channel impulse response sparsity. Since S is small and increasing the DAC speed to N >; M is relatively cheap, we obtain a high-resolution channel at a low cost. We also present a novel estimator that is both faster and more accurate than the typical l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> minimization. In the numerical experiments, we simulated various numbers of multipaths and different SNRs and let the transmitter DAC run at 16 times the speed of the receiver ADC for estimating channels at the 16 × resolution. While there is no similar approaches (for asymmetric DAC/ADC pairs) to compare with, we derive the Cramér-Rao lower bound.
Computer Aided Design, Analysis and Simulation of Clamping Linkage System (1993)

A computer aided engineering analysis of a connecting linkage system which is used to transfer pressure from a cylinder to the clamping device and to give proper movement to clamp mechanisms is described. An example where such a system is used is in a swinging arm of a pipe bending machine. The developed package carries out the analysis and graphically displays the movements of linkages. The output from the analysis is transferred to a CAD/CAM system and a program is developed to simulate the movement of a linkage system. From the simulation that is carried out, designers can check the interaction of linkage system and the interference with its surrounding environment.
Soil Moisture Sensing with Microwave Radiometers (1980)

The large difference between the dielectric constant of water and dry soils produces a strong dependence of the dielectric properties, and thus emissivity, of wet soils on their moisture content in the microwave (50 > X > 1 cm) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. This change in emissivity with soil moisture content can be measured remotely with microwave radiometers. The variation of emissivity with soil moisture is dependent on the wavelength (A) of observation, soil type, surface roughness and vegetative cover. These dependencies are discussed both theoretically and experimentally. Results obtained from aircraft and spacecraft platforms are presented which give a positive indication of the utility of this remote measurement technique.