gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extending Policy from One-Shot Learning through Coaching (2019)

Humans generally teach their fellow collaborators to perform tasks through a small number of demonstrations, often followed by episodes of coaching that tune and refine the execution during practice. Adopting a similar framework for teaching robots through demonstrations makes teaching tasks highly intuitive and imitating the refinement of complex tasks through coaching improves the efficacy. Unlike traditional Learning from Demonstration (LfD) approaches which rely on multiple demonstrations to train a task, we present a novel one-shot learning from demonstration approach, augmented by coaching, to transfer the task from task expert to robot. The demonstration is automatically segmented into a sequence of a priori skills (the task policy) parametrized to match task goals. During practice, the robotic skills self-evaluate their performances and refine the task policy to locally optimize cumulative performance. Then, human coaching further refines the task policy to explore and globally optimize the net performance. Both the self-evaluation and coaching are implemented using reinforcement learning (RL) methods. The proposed approach is evaluated using the task of scooping and unscooping granular media. The self-evaluator of the scooping skill uses the realtime force signature and resistive force theory to minimize scooping resistance similar to how humans scoop. Coaching feedback focuses modifications to sub-domains of the action space, using RL to converge to desired performance. Thus, the proposed method provides a framework for learning tasks from one demonstration and generalizing it using human feedback through coaching achieving a success rate of ≈90%.
Hydrolysis of triethylethoxysilane at the silica-carbon tetrachloride interface (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrolysis of triethylethoxysilane at the silica-carbon tetrachloride interfaceWillard D. Bascom and Richard B. TimmonsCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1972, 76, 22, 3192–3200Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100666a016https://doi.org/10.1021/j100666a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Laser guiding of cold atoms in photonic crystals (2000)

The possibility of using photonic crystals with a lattice defect for the laser guiding of cold atoms is analysed. We have found a configuration of a photonic-crystal lattice and a defect ensuring the distribution of a potential in the defect mode of the photonic crystal allowing the guiding of cold atoms along the defect due to the dipole force acting on atoms. Based on quantitative estimates, we have demonstrated that photonic crystals with a lattice defect permit the guiding of atoms with much higher transverse temperatures and a much higher transverse localisation degree than in the case of hollow-core fibres.
Effects of charge stock composition on the kinetic parameters in catalytic cracking (1975)

Abstract It is shown that the addition of wax to a wax free neutral distillate has no synergistic effect on the initial rate constant for cracking. The initial rate constant is in fact found to be a linear function of the mole fraction of wax in the feed. At the same time it is found that the activation energy for the cracking of pure wax is ˜ 48 kcal/inole and is some 4 kcal/mole lower than the activation energy for the cracking of the wax free aromatics and cyclic aliphatics. We are therefore led to believe that the initial rate constant for the catalytic cracking of any mitxure of compounds is simply the sum of the individual rate constants weighted by their respective mole fractions. It is also shown that the introduction of wax into the wax free feed results in an increased apparent order of the overall reaction and in more rapid decay of catalyst activity.
Precision branching in ethylene copolymers: Synthesis and thermal behavior (2006)

Abstract Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization allows the synthesis of sequenced polyethylene copolymers via step‐growth propagation, thereby avoiding the inherent side reactions associated with chain polymerization. Here we review the synthesis and thermal behavior of ADMET polyethylene (PE) as well as ethylene/propylene (EP), ethylene/butene (EB), ethylene/octane (EO), and ethylene/vinyl ether (EVE) copolymers prepared by ADMET. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4981–4989, 2006
The Borderline of Science: On the Value of Factor Analysis for Understanding Presence (2006)

The use of exploratory factor analysis in research on presence is summarized and critically examined. We conclude that, as with research on human intelligence in the first half of the twentieth century, exploratory factor analysis has been extremely limited in its ability to test hypotheses and to advance theory. To illustrate these ideas, we examine a recent analysis by Witmer, Jerome, and Singer (2005, Presence 14, 298–312). We suggest that analyses based on confirmatory methods are in general better suited to advance our understanding of the concept of presence.
Dissolution Behavior and Biodurability of Ingested Engineered Nanomaterials in the Gastrointestinal Environment (2018)

Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are extensively used as food additives in numerous food products, and at present, little is known about the fate of ingested ENM (iENM) in the gastrointestinal (GI) environment. Here, we investigated the dissolution behavior, biodurability, and persistence of four major iENM (TiO<sub>2</sub>, SiO<sub>2</sub>, ZnO, and two Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) in individual simulated GI fluids (saliva, gastric, and intestinal) and a physiologically relevant digestion cascade (saliva → gastric → intestinal) in the fasted state over physiologically relevant time frames. TiO<sub>2</sub> was found to be the most biodurable and persistent iENM in simulated GI fluids with a maximum of only 0.42% (4 μM Ti<sup>4+</sup> ion release) dissolution in cascade digestion, followed by iron oxides, of which the rod-like morphology was more biodurable and persistent (0.7% maximum dissolution, 8.7 μM Fe<sup>3+</sup>) than the acicular one (2.27% maximum dissolution, 16.7 μM Fe<sup>3+</sup>) in the cascade digestion, respectively. SiO<sub>2</sub> and ZnO were less biodurable than Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, with 65.5% (416 μM Si<sup>4+</sup>) and 100% (1718.1 μM Zn<sup>2+</sup>) dissolution in the gastric phase, respectively. In the intestinal phase, however, Si<sup>4+</sup> ions reprecipitated, possibly due to sudden pH changes, while ZnO remained completely dissolved. These observations were also confirmed using high-resolution particle size and concentration, and electron microscopy, time-dependent analysis. In terms of decreasing biodurability and persistence in the simulated GI environment, the tested nanomaterials can be ranked as follows: TiO<sub>2</sub> ≫ rod-like Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> > acicular Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ≫ SiO<sub>2</sub> > ZnO, which is in agreement with limited animal biokinetics data. Chronic uptake of these iENM as particles or ions by the GI tract, especially in the presence of a food matrix and authentic digestive media, and associated implications for human health warrants further investigation.
The Angular Behavior of Emitted Thermal Infrared Radiation (8–12<i>μ</i>m) at a Semiarid Site (2003)

Radiometric measurements of the angular distribution of infrared (8–12 μm) radiation from a field site in a semiarid sandy soil location are reported. The aim of this study is to investigate the variation of emitted infrared radiation with zenith view angle. The motivation arises through the need to correct wide-field-of-view satellite measurements of land surface temperature for surface-induced zenith-angle effects. A new self-calibrating, scanning radiometer is used to acquire near-continuous measurements for zenith view angles up to 70°. The results suggest that, during the day, the measured brightness temperature is evidently affected by a relation between solar illumination and viewing angle through differential heating and shading. During the nighttime, a significant angular variation (up to 8%) in surface emissivity is discerned. The angular behavior of surface emission at night stemming from this variation is accurately modeled using the δ-Eddington approximation. Implications for satellite measurements of land surface temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)-2, Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS)-5, Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR)-2/Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) are discussed.
JNK/ROS signaling pathway is responsible for induction of autophagy in HDAC5 depleted cancer cells (2013)

Introduction: Histone deacetylases (HDAC) is a family of eighteen enzymes which modulates the acetylation level of histones and non-histone proteins to regulate gene expression and chromatin structure. Broad spectrum inhibitors of these enzymes such as SAHA can inhibit tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo and are currently used as anti-cancer agents in clinic. For many years, we are investigating the specific role of individual HDAC members in cancer biology and we have recently demonstrated that depletion of HDAC5 using siRNA technology triggered cancer cells to both autophagy and apoptosis (ref papier). The study of autophagy in cancer is a new research field that has recently generated tremendous attention due to the recognition that autophagy can have either pro-survival or pro-death functions depending on its level of activation. In addition, more and more studies indicate that a complex relationship exists between autophagy and apoptosis, and that the interplay between these two processes determines whether a cell will live or die. Aims: The goal of this study is to further understand the role of autophagy induced by HDAC5 depletion. Current investigations include determining the molecular mechanisms by which HDAC5 depletion induces autophagy and exploring regulatory relationship between autophagy and apoptosis on cancer cell death in absence of HDAC5. Results: The set up of the autophagy in absence of HDAC5 was demonstrated by the conversion of LC3 and development of autophagosomes by electronic microscopy. Transcriptomic study demonstrated a deregulation of a set of genes involved in ROS detoxification in HDAC5 depleted cancer cells leading to significant increase of ROS levels. Further investigations showed that pretreatment with NAC, a ROS scavenger, effectively blocked the accumulation of ROS and autopahgy triggered by HDAC5 silencing. Moreover, HDAC5 depletion induces activation of JNK, and knockdown of JNK by siRNA inhibited ROS production and autophagy, but antioxidant NAC failed to block JNK activation induced by HDAC5 depletion indicating that JNK activation may be a upstream signaling of ROS and should be a core component in HDAC5 silencing-induced autophagic signaling pathway. Finally, blocking of autophagy induced by HDAC5 silencing with NAC or chloroquine and bafilomycin enhanced pro-apoptotic effect. Conclusion: Autophagy functions as a prosurvival mechanism to mitigate HDAC5 depletion-induced apoptotic cell death, suggesting that targeting autophagy might improve the therapeutic effects of specific HDAC5 inhibition.
The Origins and Evolution of the Lisbon Agenda (2012)

Economic reform has once again become the cause célèbre of European integration. As the European Union (EU) gradually emerges from one of the worst financial crises in a generation and grapples with ongoing fiscal turmoil within the Eurozone, demands for and resistance to economic reform have reached fever pitch. Yet debates surrounding economic reform have been at the heart of the European integration process since its foundation. In this sense the agenda agreed at the European Council Summit in Lisbon in March 2000 represented a reaffirmation of Europe's quest for higher levels of economic growth and job creation, to be achieved via higher rates of competitiveness within and between the Member States.KeywordsEuropean UnionEconomic ReformEuropean CouncilSingle MarketPolitical ArenaThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Magnetostrictive bending sensor for registration of eye movements and blink (2003)

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EXISTENCE AND FUNCTION OF PETAL COLOUR IDENTITY GENE IN APETALOUS WILD CHRYSANTHEMUM (2010)

In most chrysanthemums, the capitulum is composed of ray florets and disk florets. The ray floret colour in yellow-flowered cultivars is mainly due to carotenoids. In white-flowered chrysanthemum cultivars (Chrysanthemum morifolium), the ray floret colour is due to the cleavage of carotenoids catalyzed by carotenoid cleavage dioxgenase4 (CmCCD4a). CmCCD4a suppression by RNA interference (RNAi) gives a yellow colour to white ray florets. In wild chrysanthemums, the ray florets are either white or yellow, indicating that ray floret colour probably results from carotenoid cleavage in wild chrysanthemums, as in chrysanthemum cultivars. Southern blot analysis confirmed that wild chrysanthemum species with white ray florets had CmCCD4a orthologs, while those with yellow ray florets did not. This suggests that carotenoid cleavage also contributes to ray floret colour in wild chrysanthemums. CmCCD4a expression is observed to be strictly limited to ray florets. Southern blot analysis showed that Chrysanthemum shiwogiku has CmCCD4a orthologs, although its capitulum has only disk florets and no ray florets. To confirm the function of this CmCCD4a ortholog, C. shiwogiku was interspecifically hybridized with a yellow-flowered cultivar 'Squash' that does not have CmCCD4a. The capitulum of all progenies produced white ray florets. CmCCD4a ortholog fragments were detected in all progenies by polymerase chain reaction. These results showed that the CmCCD4a orthologs present in apetalous C. shiwogiku, and its translated product has an enzymatic function in the ray florets.
Effect of Moisture on Electrospun Nanofiber Composites of Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Cellulose Nanocrystals (2010)

The effect of humidity on the morphological and thermomechanical properties of electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fiber mats reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNs) was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the incorporation of CNs improved the morphological stability of the composite fibers even in high humidity environments. Thermal and mechanical properties of the electrospun fiber mats were studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and large deformation tensile tests under controlled humidity and temperatures. The balance between the moisture-induced plasticization and the reinforcing effect of rigid CN particles was critical in determining the thermomechanical behaviors of the electrospun fiber mats. Results indicated that the stabilizing effect of the CNs in the PVA matrix might be compromised by water absorption, disrupting the hydrogen bonding within the structure. The amount of this disruption depended on the surrounding humidity and the CN loading. The reduction in tensile strength of neat PVA fiber mats as they were conditioned from low relative humidity (10% RH) to high relative humidity (70% RH) was found to be about 80%, from 1.5 to 0.4 MPa. When the structure was reinforced with CNs, the reduction in strength was limited to 40%, from 2 to 0.8 MPa over the same range in relative humidity. More importantly, the CN-loaded PVA fiber mats showed a reversible recovery in mechanical strength after cycling the relative humidity. Finally, humidity treatments of the composite PVA fiber mats induced significant enhancement of their strength as a result of the adhesion between the continuous matrix and the CNs.
Genetic Deletion or Antibody Blockade of α1β1 Integrin Induces a Stable Plaque Phenotype in ApoE−/− Mice (2005)

Our results suggest that alpha1beta1 integrin is involved in atherosclerosis by mediating the migration of leukocytes to lesions by adhesion to collagen IV. Blocking this integrin reduces atherosclerosis and induces a stable plaque phenotype.
Linear programming method for computing the gamut of object color solid (2010)

Recently there has been great interest in establishing the color gamut of solid colors or the optimum colors. The optimum colors are widely used for quantifying the quality of light sources and evaluating reproduction devices. An enumeration method was developed by Martinez-Verdu et al. [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24, 1501 (2007)] for finding optimum colors. However, it was found that the method is too time-costly. In this paper, a linear programming approach is proposed. The proposed method is simple and faster and has the advantage of keeping the characteristics of the true boundary. Comparison of the present method with the method of Martinez-Verdu et al. is also given.
A Fast and Accurate Method of Power Estimation for Logic Level Networks (2000)

A method for estimating the power consumption of multilevel combinational networks is introduced. The proposed method has as inputs the signal probabilities, the data correlations of the primary inputs and the structure of the circuit, and consists of two major steps: (i) the calculation of the switching activity on an individual gate and (ii) the calculation of the switching activity of any node of the network. The foregoing step includes the derivation of novel formulas for calculating the switching activity of basic gates. The latter step includes the development of an algorithm, which propagates the signal probabilities through the network and calculates the switching activity of any logic node. The proposed method provides accurate switching activity values performing their calculation in reduced time interval. The experimental results prove that the proposed method achieves significant reduction up to 50% in terms of multiplications compared to method of [6].
TET2 functions as a resistance factor against DNA methylation acquisition during Epstein-Barr virus infection (2016)

// Hiroe Namba-Fukuyo 1, 2, 3 , Sayaka Funata 1, 4 , Keisuke Matsusaka 1 , Masaki Fukuyo 1 , Bahityar Rahmutulla 1 , Yasunobu Mano 1 , Masashi Fukayama 4 , Hiroyuki Aburatani 5 , Atsushi Kaneda 1 1 Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan 2 Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan 3 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan 4 Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan 5 Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan Correspondence to: Atsushi Kaneda, email: kaneda@chiba-u.jp Keywords: DNA hydroxymethylation, DNA methylation, Epstein-Barr virus, gastric cancer, TET2 Received: August 01, 2016     Accepted: October 17, 2016     Published: November 05, 2016 ABSTRACT Extensive DNA methylation is observed in gastric cancer with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and EBV infection is the cause to induce this extensive hypermethylaton phenotype in gastric epithelial cells. However, some 5′ regions of genes do not undergo de novo methylation, despite the induction of methylation in surrounding regions, suggesting the existence of a resistance factor against DNA methylation acquisition. We conducted an RNA-seq analysis of gastric epithelial cells with and without EBV infection and found that TET family genes, especially TET2 , were repressed by EBV infection at both mRNA and protein levels. TET2 was found to be downregulated by EBV transcripts, e.g. BARF0 and LMP2A , and also by seven human miRNAs targeting TET2 , e.g., miR-93 and miR-29a, which were upregulated by EBV infection, and transfection of which into gastric cells repressed TET2 . Hydroxymethylation target genes by TET2 were detected by hydroxymethylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (hMeDIP-seq) with and without TET2 overexpression, and overlapped significantly with methylation target genes in EBV-infected cells. When TET2 was knocked down by shRNA, EBV infection induced de novo methylation more severely, including even higher methylation in methylation-acquired promoters or de novo methylation acquisition in methylation-protected promoters, leading to gene repression. TET2 knockdown alone without EBV infection did not induce de novo DNA methylation. These data suggested that TET2 functions as a resistance factor against DNA methylation in gastric epithelial cells and repression of TET2 contributes to DNA methylation acquisition during EBV infection.
High-level expression of bovine beta-lactoglobulin in Pichia pastoris and characterization of its physical properties (1997)

Bovine beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) variant A has been expressed in the methylotropic yeast Pichia pastoris by fusion of the cDNA to the sequence coding for the alpha-mating factor prepro-leader peptide from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. P. pastoris Mut+ transformants were obtained by single cross-over integration of the BLG-containing vector into the AOX1 locus. In a fed-batch fermenter, a cell density of approximately 300 mg/ml was achieved by controlled glycerol feeding for a total of 24 h. After 72 h of methanol induction, the secreted BLG reached levels of > 1 g/l. The secreted protein could be purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography. Amino-terminal sequencing of the secreted BLG revealed that the Glu-Ala spacer repeats inserted between the mature protein and the alpha-factor prepro-leader were still present. The purified protein was characterized by a number of methods, including CD spectroscopy, guanidine-HCl unfolding, crystallization and two-dimensional 1H-NMR spectroscopy. By all of these measures, the physical characteristics of recombinant BLG were indistinguishable from those of the native purified bovine BLG, making it useful as a model for protein folding and other biophysical studies.