gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Network Performance Using Weighted Multipath Routing (2012)

Equal-Cost Multipath (ECMP) routing has been widely adopted to perform load balancing. With ECMP, a router can maintain multiple next hops for a destination IP prefix. The most common method used by such routers is to split traffic with per-flow basis evenly among those next hops. This approach, although simple, cannot achieve optimal load balancing. In this paper we study the optimal configuration of weighted ECMP, where traffic splitting among the available paths is based on a set of pre-determined ratios. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, we develop a model to obtain the split ratios such that the overall network end-to-end delay is optimized. This is important because better delay performance is a result of better bandwidth allocation and has a direct impact on application, while most existing work tries to minimize the traffic load on the most utilized link. Second, we prove that the problem can be first solved by using a simple flow-based routing model and then converting the results to apply to IP networks, where destination-based forwarding is used. We present a heuristic algorithm to find the near-optimal weight configurations and demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm using computer simulations.
Optimal training of variational quantum algorithms without barren plateaus (2021)

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) promise efficient use of near-term quantum computers. However, training VQAs often requires an extensive amount of time and suffers from the barren plateau problem where the magnitude of the gradients vanishes with increasing number of qubits. Here, we show how to optimally train VQAs for learning quantum states. Parameterized quantum circuits can form Gaussian kernels, which we use to derive adaptive learning rates for gradient ascent. We introduce the generalized quantum natural gradient that features stability and optimized movement in parameter space. Both methods together outperform other optimization routines in training VQAs. Our methods also excel at numerically optimizing driving protocols for quantum control problems. The gradients of the VQA do not vanish when the fidelity between the initial state and the state to be learned is bounded from below. We identify a VQA for quantum simulation with such a constraint that thus can be trained free of barren plateaus. Finally, we propose the application of Gaussian kernels for quantum machine learning.
Characterization of PknC, a Ser/Thr kinase with broad substrate specificity from the cyanobacterium <i>Anabaena</i> sp. strain PCC 7120 (2001)

Eukaryotic-like protein Ser/Thr and Tyr kinases have only recently been discovered in prokaryotes. In most cases, their biochemical properties have been poorly characterized. The nitrogen-fixing and heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 houses a family of eukaryotic-like Ser/Thr kinases. Some of these enzymes are required for cell growth or development under certain conditions. None of them, however, has been shown experimentally to possess Ser/Thr kinase activity. A gene, pknC, encoding a novel putative Ser/Thr kinase was isolated from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. The recombinant PknC was shown to be phosphorylated on a Thr residue. This phosphorylation was probably due to the autophosphorylation activity of PknC itself because mutation of two amino acid residues within the subdomain II of its catalytic domain eliminated the phosphorylation of PknC. PknC displayed also a Ser kinase activity towards several nonspecific substrates, and the two residues needed for PknC autophosphorylation was equally required for the phosphorylation of other substrates. PknC is thus a Ser/Thr kinase with broad substrate specificity. The activity of PknC is likely to be regulated in vivo in order to limit the spectrum of its substrate specificity.
Simulation of Statistical Aspects of Charge Trapping and Related Degradation in Bulk MOSFETs in the Presence of Random Discrete Dopants (2010)

The distribution of fractional current change and threshold voltage shift in an ensemble of realistic 35 nm bulk negative-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors caused by charge trapping on stress-generated defect states at the Si/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interface is studied using 3-D statistical ¿atomistic¿ simulations. The simulations take into account the underlying random discrete dopant distribution in the transistors, which in conjunction with strategically positioned traps could result in rare but dramatic changes in the transistor characteristics. The evolution of threshold voltage distribution as a result of accumulation of trapped charges in the devices due to progressive negative bias temperature instability, positive bias temperature instability, or hot electron degradation is simulated and compared with simple analytical model predictions and recently published experimental measurements to demonstrate the necessity to consider statistical variability in realistic reliability simulations. The magnitude of the degradation in devices of different geometries is also investigated where minimal correlation is found.
Conductivity mechanisms of isotropic conductive adhesives (ICAs) (1999)

Isotropic conductive adhesives (ICAs) are usually composites of adhesive resins with conductive fillers (mainly silver flakes). The adhesive pastes before cure usually have low electrical conductivity. The conductive adhesives become highly conductive only after the adhesives are cured and solidified. The mechanisms of conductivity achievement in conductive adhesives were discussed. Experiments were carefully designed in order to determine the roles of adhesive shrinkage and silver (Ag) flake lubricant removal on adhesive conductivity achievement during cure. The conductivity establishment of the selected adhesive pastes and the cure shrinkage of the corresponding adhesive resins during cure were studied. Then conductivity developments of some metallic fillers and ICA pastes with external pressures were studied by using a specially designed test device. In addition, conductivity, resin cure shrinkage, and Ag flake lubricant behavior of an ICA which was cured at room temperature (25/spl deg/C) were investigated. Based on the results, it was found that cure shrinkage of the resin, rather than lubricant removal, was the prerequisite for conductivity development of conductive adhesives. In addition, an explanation of how cure shrinkage could cause conductivity achievement of conductive adhesives during cure was proposed in this paper.
Towards a better understanding of management development in South Africa (1989)

In this article, an attempt is made to provide a better understanding of management development in South Africa by the development of a theoretical framework within which the process of management development can be situated. It is argued that management development can be understood by using a framework of domination, which provides a useful conceptual model within which the basic dynamics of management development can be placed. This framework describes the structural positioning of the principal actors, the relationship between them, and the possible world-views which may arise from these positions. The problem of management development in South Africa is discussed in terms of this framework and practical solutions elicited.In hierdie artikel word 'n teoretiese raamwerk vir bestuursontwikkeling in Suid-Afrika voorgestel. 'n Beter begrip van bestuursontwikkeling kan moontlik verkry word deur die begrip van dominansie teoreties sentraal te plaas. Die raamwerk beskryf die strukturele posisies van die primere akteurs, die relasies tussen hulle en die moontlike wereldbeskouinge wat verbandhoudend is met verskillende posisies. Die probleme van bestuursontwikkeling in Suid-Afrika word bespreek in terme van die teoretiese raamwerk en praktiese oplossings word voorgestel.
The hierarchical classification of Web content by the combination of textual and visual features (2005)

This paper presents the hierarchical classification of Web content based on the combination of both textual and visual features. This combination is achieved by multiple classifier combination. A schema based on adaptive category weighting is proposed for achieving good combination, which has gained better results compared to the ordinary combination based on general voting schema.
Population dynamics of Trichodactylus borellianus (Crustacea Decapoda Brachyura) and interactions with the aquatic vegetation of the Paraná River (South America, Argentina) (2006)

Animal populations have a certain synchronization between their fluctuations and the environmental factors which have a direct influence on density, sex ratio and recruitment. Trichodactylus borellianus is a common freshwater crab of the Trichodactylidae family, originary from South America. This crab is omnivorous and grazes upon the littoral communities. The present study is the first analysis of the natural distribution and population dynamics of freshwater crabs in La Plata Basin (Argentina) and their relationship with certain abiotic and biotic parameters. It was carried out in three environments (riverine zone of streams and river) of the Paraná River floodplain. Crab populations were sampled monthly from August 2001 to October 2002. The mean crab abundance among the study sites was significantly different, being lower in samples from the environment surrounding the principal channel of the Paraná River. Crab density showed two peaks: the highest occurred during late winter and early spring, and the lowest during late summer. Males were only more abundant in late winter and spring. In spring, summer and autumn, the population showed a contagious distribution. The population displayed a regular arrangement in winter. From mid-spring to mid-autumn juveniles were very frequent whereas adults predominated the rest of the year. Total crab number in the stream nearest to the main channel varied according to the level and temperature of the river. In the other sites, located further from the main channel of the Paraná River, crab numbers and vegetation biomass showed a more similar arrangement with a higher correlation.
Cloud Chamber for Counting Nuclei in Aerosols (1956)

A cloud chamber is described which measures either the absolute or relative concentration of nuclei in an aerosol. Water droplets are condensed on aerosol particles in a small sample, and the resulting water droplets are photographed on 16-mm film by flashtube illumination and then counted in a microprint reader. Two types of expansion cloud chambers were found to work satisfactorily: the volume-defined and the pressure-defined. The apparatus is completely automatic and will operate continuously on a one-minute cycle. It can measure aerosol concentrations that range from 200 particles/cm3 to 2×106 particles/cm3.
Multilevel Monte Carlo Path Simulation (2008)

We show that multigrid ideas can be used to reduce the computational complexity of estimating an expected value arising from a stochastic differential equation using Monte Carlo path simulations. In the simplest case of a Lipschitz payoff and a Euler discretisation, the computational cost to achieve an accuracy of O(ϵ) is reduced from O(ϵ −3 ) to O(ϵ −2 (log ϵ) 2 ). The analysis is supported by numerical results showing significant computational savings.
Case 1.1 (2014)

71-year-old woman hospitalized for cholestasis and lymphadenopathy; history of recent aortic valve replacement Axial fat-suppressed T2-weighted FSE (Figure 1.1.1), and axial IP and OP T1-weighted 2D SPGR (Figure 1.1.2) images demonstrate a large right hepatic lobe mass with a hyperintense peripheral rim and hypointense center. Pre- and postgadolinium arterial phase 3D SPGR images (...
Telecommunication technologies for libraries: a basic guide. (1983)

Renseignements de base concernant les diverses technologies de telecommunications utilisables par les bibliotheques et services d'information. L'article, qui se veut une introduction generale pour bibliothecaires sans connaissances techniques, explique les concepts cles des telecommunications, les services disponibles et les tendances de l'evolution
The First Molecular Level Monitoring of Carbohydrate Conversion to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in Ionic Liquids. B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>—An Efficient Dual‐Function Metal‐Free Promoter for Environmentally Benign Applications (2012)

The mechanistic nature of the conversion of carbohydrates to the sustainable platform chemical 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) was revealed at the molecular level. A detailed study of the key sugar units involved in the biomass conversion process has shown that the simple dissolution of fructose in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride significantly changes the anomeric composition and favors the formation of the open fructoketose form. A special NMR approach was developed for the determination of molecular structures and monitoring of chemical reactions directly in ionic liquids. The transformation of glucose to 5-HMF has been followed in situ through the detection of intermediate species. A new environmentally benign, easily available, metal-free promoter with a dual functionality (B(2)O(3)) was developed for carbohydrate conversion to 5-HMF.
Các công cụ phái sinh và khả năng áp dụng cho các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam hoạt động trong lĩnh vực dầu khí (2018)

Derivative tools help oil and gas companies in the world reduce the risks against changes in prices of crude oil, gas and related products. This paper introduces the derivative tools which are currently used in the oil and gas sector, analyses challenges and applicable chances for Petrovietnam‘s subsidiaries. Based on the analysis, the authors also recommend some specific implications for Petrovietnam to response when the derivative market for oil and gas sector is opened in Vietnam.
10 recommendations : what drivers should do after a fleet accident (2009)

Subtitle: Drivers must collect as much information as possible when involved in an accident. Failure to do so can lengthen the accident management process and create unnecessary liability exposure. What information should be collected?
Endotoxin-Induced Resistance to a Staphylococcal Infection: Cellular and Humoral Responses Compared in Two Mouse Strains (1968)

Journal Article Endotoxin-Induced Resistance to a Staphylococcal Infection: Cellular and Humoral Responses Compared in Two Mouse Strains Get access Barnet M. Sultzer Barnet M. Sultzer From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York, College of Medicine, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 118, Issue 3, June 1968, Pages 340–348, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/118.3.340 Published: 01 June 1968 Article history Received: 26 October 1967 Published: 01 June 1968
Effect of Controlled Release Fertilizer on Physiological Characteristics,Yield and Quality of Peanut in Slope Field (2010)

Slope field has been one of the major factors limiting peanut(Arachis hypogea) production in Shandong province.Improving fertilizer use efficiency and reducing nutrients loss play an important role to obtain high yield and quality in slope field.Previous studies have shown controlled release fertilizer can release nutrients to soil during peanut growing season and improve yield and quality.In the experiment,four treatments of man-made slopes in 0°,5°,10°,and 15° were set in field conditions.The results showed that the controlled release fertilizer increased the leaf chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance and decreased stomatal limitation(Ls) in the leaf during the late growth stage,and improved the accumulation amount and use efficiency of N,P,and K,and increased pods per plant by 7.1%-36.0%,100-kernel weight by 5.8%-9.7%,pod yield by 17.1%,and total biomass by 3.8% when the slope was 10°,pod yield by 15.7% and total biomass by 15.7% when the slope was 15°.The controlled release fertilizer also improved the protein and fat contents.In addition,when the slope increased,the leaf chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal conductance(Gs),the accumulation amount and use efficiency of N,P,and K,pod yield and total biomass under using the two kinds of fertilizers decreased by a certain extent.But the differences for the same fertilizer among different slopes were not significant.
Basic Elements for Microfiber Photonics: Micro/Nanofibers and Microfiber Coil Resonators (2008)

The basic functional element of microfiber photonics is a microfiber coil resonator (MCR), which potentially can perform filtering, time delay, and nonlinear transformations of electromagnetic waves, as well as sensing of the ambient medium. The first experimental demonstration of an MCR has been recently performed by researchers of the OFS Laboratories (Optical Fiber Communication Conference 2007, Postdeadline paper PDP46). This paper follows up on the later publication presenting a brief introduction to the theory, transmission properties and applications of optical micro/nanofibers and MCRs. Fabrication of MCRs in air and in liquid is reported. For the MCR immersed in liquid, the Q-factor exceeding 60 000 is achieved.
High‐dose treatment for malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney: No evidence for improved survival—The Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie (GPOH) experience (2017)

Our retrospective analysis suggests comparable outcomes for patients with and without HDSCT, if adjusted for early disease progression.
Hand Identification Using Fuzzy Logic (2014)

Biometrics refers to the automatic identification of a living person based on physiological or behavioral characteristics. Hand identification involves an analysis and measures of the features of the hand. In this work, an authentication system based on hand geometry (i.e., fingers' features) and non-geometry (central moment) are proposed and implemented. The features of the fingers are extracted from the binary figures sub-images which are producing after passing through a sequence of preprocessing stages. The authentication process consists of two phases, enrollment phase were image capture, binarization, edge detection, chain coding and feature extraction were implemented. In the verification phase, feature vector to the unknown person is extracted from its hand image were Euclidian method is used.
Distribution of Typical Freshwater Bacterial Groups Is Associated with pH, Temperature, and Lake Water Retention Time (2005)

The distribution of 15 typical freshwater bacterial groups in 15 diverse lakes in northern Europe was investigated using reverse line blot hybridization. Statistical evaluation of the data in relation to the characteristics of the lakes showed that pH, temperature, and the theoretical hydrological retention time of the lakes were most strongly related to variations in the distribution of bacterial taxa. This suggests that pH and temperature are steering factors in the selection of taxa and supports the notion that communities in lakes with short water turnover times are influenced by the input of bacterial cells from the drainage areas. Within the beta subdivision of the Proteobacteria (Betaproteobacteria), as well as within the divisions Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia, different subgroups were associated differently with environmental variables.
Handwritten Hindi character recognition: a review (2018)

As the years passed by, computers became more powerful and automation became the need of generation. Humans tried to automate their work and replace themselves with machines. This effort of transition from manual to automatic gave rise to various research fields, and document character recognition is one such field. From the last few years, there is a sincere contribution from researchers for the development of optical character recognition systems for various scripts and languages. As a result of intensive research and development, there has been a significant improvement in handwritten devnagari text recognition. The main focus of this study is detailed survey of existing techniques for recognition of offline handwritten Hindi characters. It addresses all the aspects of Hindi character recognition starting from database to various phases of character recognition. The most relevant techniques of preprocessing, feature extraction and classification are discussed in various sections of this study. Moreover, this study is a zest of work accepted and published by research community in recent years. This study benefits its readers by discussing limitations of existing techniques and by providing beneficial directions of research in this field.
Protective Action of 1,3-Butanediol in Cerebral Ischemia. A Neurologic, Histologic, and Metabolic Study (1987)

1,3-Butanediol (BD) is converted in the body to beta-hydroxybutyrate, and previous studies have shown that hyperketonemia had beneficial effects in experimental models of generalized hypoxia. The aim of this study was to determine if BD would reduce brain damage following cerebral ischemia. A transient forebrain ischemia of 30-min duration was induced by the four-vessel occlusion technique in control and BD-treated rats (25 mmol/kg, i.p.; 30 min prior to ischemia). BD treatment led to significant improvement of neurologic deficit during the 72-h recovery period and reduced neuronal damage in the striatum and cortex but not in the CA1 sector of the hippocampus. Evaluation of cerebral energy metabolism before and at the end of the ischemic period showed that the treatment did not change the preischemic glycolytic and energy metabolite levels but attenuated the ischemia-induced metabolic alterations. It increased energy charge, phosphocreatine, and glucose levels, and reduced lactate accumulation. The decrease in brain lactate concentration might account for the beneficial effects of BD by minimizing the neuropathological consequences of lactic acidosis.
Abnormal activation of the social brain during face perception in autism (2006)

ASD involves a fundamental impairment in processing social-communicative information from faces. Several recent studies have challenged earlier findings that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have no activation of the fusiform gyrus (fusiform face area, FFA) when viewing faces. In this study, we examined activation to faces in the broader network of face-processing modules that comprise what is known as the social brain. Using 3T functional resonance imaging, we measured BOLD signal changes in 10 ASD subjects and 7 healthy controls passively viewing nonemotional faces. We replicated our original findings of significant activation of face identity-processing areas (FFA and inferior occipital gyrus, IOG) in ASD. However, in addition, we identified hypoactivation in a more widely distributed network of brain areas involved in face processing [including the right amygdala, inferior frontal cortex (IFC), superior temporal sulcus (STS), and face-related somatosensory and premotor cortex]. In ASD, we found functional correlations between a subgroup of areas in the social brain that belong to the mirror neuron system (IFC, STS) and other face-processing areas. The severity of the social symptoms measured by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule was correlated with the right IFC cortical thickness and with functional activation in that area. When viewing faces, adults with ASD show atypical patterns of activation in regions forming the broader face-processing network and social brain, outside the core FFA and IOG regions. These patterns suggest that areas belonging to the mirror neuron system are involved in the face-processing disturbances in ASD.
영유아를 위한 보육 시설의 평면 유형에 관한 연구 (2000)

본 연구에서는 보육 시설의 기능과 부문 구성을 기초로 한 평면 유형의 기준을 마련하기 위하여 문현을 통해 영유아들의 특성을 연구하고 보육 시설에서의 학습 내용을 분석하였으며 , 평면 유형에서는 보육 시설 배치에 따른 평면 유형 , 보육 시설 형태 특성별 평면 유형 , 영유아들의 신체 발달 정도에 따른 평면 유형으로 나눠 우리 나라의 수도권 지역 내에 있는 보육 시설 중 운영 방식이 민간에 의해 이뤄지고 , 건물 형태가 단독으로 지어진 경우로 사례 조사