gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scratch-free dielectric CMP slurry with 5-nm colloidal ceria abrasive (2006)

We present a novel polishing slurry with 5-rmu colloidal ceria abrasive. The new slurry exhibited a high oxide removal rate even at the low abrasive concentrations and superior performance in reducing micro scratches. We developed a practical polishing process using the new slurry, where a soft pad is used for fast pattern polishing and a hard pad with polymer additives is used for planarization. We fabricated STI and low-capacitance interconnect structures with remarkably improved quality.
Spinal Endocannabinoids and CB <sub>1</sub> Receptors Mediate C-Fiber–Induced Heterosynaptic Pain Sensitization (2009)

Diminished synaptic inhibition in the spinal dorsal horn is a major contributor to chronic pain. Pathways that reduce synaptic inhibition in inflammatory and neuropathic pain states have been identified, but central hyperalgesia and diminished dorsal horn synaptic inhibition also occur in the absence of inflammation or neuropathy, solely triggered by intense nociceptive (C-fiber) input to the spinal dorsal horn. We found that endocannabinoids, produced upon strong nociceptive stimulation, activated type 1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptors on inhibitory dorsal horn neurons to reduce the synaptic release of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine and thus rendered nociceptive neurons excitable by nonpainful stimuli. Our results suggest that spinal endocannabinoids and CB1 receptors on inhibitory dorsal horn interneurons act as mediators of heterosynaptic pain sensitization and play an unexpected role in dorsal horn pain-controlling circuits.
Noncooperative Day-Ahead Bidding Strategies for Demand-Side Expected Cost Minimization With Real-Time Adjustments: A GNEP Approach (2014)

The envisioned smart grid aims at improving the interaction between the supply- and the demand-side of the electricity network, creating unprecedented possibilities for optimizing the energy usage at different levels of the grid. In this paper, we propose a distributed demand-side management (DSM) method intended for smart grid users with load prediction capabilities, who possibly employ dispatchable energy generation and storage devices. These users participate in the day-ahead market and are interested in deriving the bidding, production, and storage strategies that jointly minimize their expected monetary expense. The resulting day-ahead grid optimization is formulated as a generalized Nash equilibrium problem (GNEP), which includes global constraints that couple the users' strategies. Building on the theory of variational inequalities, we study the main properties of the GNEP and devise a distributed, iterative algorithm converging to the variational solutions of the GNEP. Additionally, users can exploit the reduced uncertainty about their energy consumption and renewable generation at the time of dispatch. We thus present a complementary DSM procedure that allows them to perform some unilateral adjustments on their generation and storage strategies so as to reduce the impact of their real-time deviations with respect to the amount of energy negotiated in the day-ahead. Finally, numerical results in realistic scenarios are reported to corroborate the proposed DSM technique.
Improvement of Ron under AC Operation of Floating Island and Thick Bottom Oxide Trench Gate MOSFET (FITMOS) (2010)

A MOSFET structure called a FITMOS (Floating Island and Thick Bottom Oxide Trench Gate MOSFET) that exhibits a record low loss in the 60V breakdown voltage (BVdss) range has been successfully developed. The following improvements achieved progress in the characteristic of FITMOS. (1) At the time of AC operation, the charges in the floating P islands that are a feature of the floating type device become greater, thereby increasing the on-resistance (Ron) due to the JFET effect. This issue was solved by forming passive hole gates in the end walls of the trenches. The Ron under AC operation is equivalent to the Ron under DC operation. This paper clarified the influence of the passive hole gate diffusion layer shape and the impurity concentration to BVdss and AC operation. (2) The trade-off of BVdss and Ron has been improved by making the floating island into an elliptical form. A BVdss of 83V and a specific on-resistance (RonA) of 36mΩmm2 were obtained.
Design for diagnosis using a diagnostic evaluation measure - Evaluating the potential cost of diagnosing a system when it fails (2006)

The results demonstrated by the SAN system show how a real fault tolerant system can have more than one configuration with almost the same reliability. However, from a diagnosis perspective, the designs can have different costs of diagnosis at failure time. A method for measuring the cost of diagnosing diagnosis decision trees (DDT) was demonstrated, which is a specialized weighted mean depth of traversing the DDT. This evaluation method incorporates the qualitative (structure) and quantitative (reliability analysis) into one measure for predicting diagnosis cost. DDTs incorporate the same qualitative and quantitative data as the diagnosis cost measure, which makes this measure suitable for evaluating these decision trees. Evaluating and comparing alternative system designs using the diagnosis cost function as we demonstrated is an efficient and simple method for pursuing the design for diagnosis objective
Mask lithography for display manufacturing (2010)

The last ten years have seen flat displays conquer our briefcases, desktops, and living rooms. There has been an enormous development in production technology, not least in lithography and photomasks. Current masks for large displays are more than 2 m<sup>2</sup> and make 4-6 1X prints on glass substrates that are 9 m<sup>2</sup>. One of the most challenging aspects of photomasks for displays is the so called mura, stripes or blemishes which cause visible defects in the finished display. For the future new and even tighter maskwriter specifications are driven by faster transistors and more complex pixel layouts made necessary by the market's wish for still better image quality, multi-touch panels, 3D TVs, and the next wave of e-book readers. Large OLED screens will pose new challenges. Many new types of displays will be lowcost and use simple lithography, but anything which can show video and high quality photographic images needs a transistor backplane and sophisticated masks for its production.
Deep level defects in Ge-doped (010) β-Ga2O3 layers grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (2018)

Deep level defects were characterized in Ge-doped (010) β-Ga2O3 layers grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE) using deep level optical spectroscopy (DLOS) and deep level transient (thermal) spectroscopy (DLTS) applied to Ni/β-Ga2O3:Ge (010) Schottky diodes that displayed Schottky barrier heights of 1.50 eV. DLOS revealed states at EC − 2.00 eV, EC − 3.25 eV, and EC − 4.37 eV with concentrations on the order of 1016 cm−3, and a lower concentration level at EC − 1.27 eV. In contrast to these states within the middle and lower parts of the bandgap probed by DLOS, DLTS measurements revealed much lower concentrations of states within the upper bandgap region at EC − 0.1 – 0.2 eV and EC − 0.98 eV. There was no evidence of the commonly observed trap state at ∼EC − 0.82 eV that has been reported to dominate the DLTS spectrum in substrate materials synthesized by melt-based growth methods such as edge defined film fed growth (EFG) and Czochralski methods [Zhang et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 052105 (2016) and Irmscher et al., J. Appl. Phys. 110, 063720 (2011)]. This strong sensitivity of defect incorporation on crystal growth method and conditions is unsurprising, which for PAMBE-grown β-Ga2O3:Ge manifests as a relatively “clean” upper part of the bandgap. However, the states at ∼EC − 0.98 eV, EC − 2.00 eV, and EC − 4.37 eV are reminiscent of similar findings from these earlier results on EFG-grown materials, suggesting that possible common sources might also be present irrespective of growth method.
Coordinate transcriptional induction of <i>myo</i>‐inositol metabolism during environmental stress (1996)

The pathway from glucose 6-phosphate (G 6-P) to myoinositol 1-phosphate (Ins 1-P) and myo-inositol (Ins) is essential for the synthesis of various metabolites. In the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (common ice plant), two enzymes, myo-inositol O-methyltransferase (IMT1) and ononitol epimerase (OEP1), extend this pathway and lead to the accumulation of methylated inositols, D-ononitol and D-pinitol, which serve as osmoprotectants. This paper describes transcripts for the enzyme, Inps1, encoding myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase (INPS1), from the ice plant. Two Inps-like sequences are present in the genome. The deduced amino acid sequences of the cloned transcript are 49.5% and 87-90%, respectively, identical to those of yeast and other higher plant sequences. Inps1 RNA amounts are upregulated at least fivefold and amounts of free Ins accumulate approximately 10-fold during salinity stress. Inps1 induction is by transcription, similar to the induction of Imt1. In contrast, Arabidopsis thaliana does not show upregulation of Inps1 or increased amounts of Ins when salt-stressed. The lack of Inps1 induction in Arabidopsis exemplifies differences in glycophytic and halophytic regulation of gene expression at the point of entry into a pathway that leads to osmoprotection. The stress-induced coordinate upregulation of this pathway and its extension by novel enzymes in the ice plant also highlights biochemical differences.
Functional status of children with encephalitis in an inpatient rehabilitation setting: A case series (2013)

Results suggest that significant functional improvement in children with encephalitis occurs during inpatient rehabilitation. Further research is necessary to identify predictors of outcome in children with encephalitis.
Wrinkled surface topographies of electrospun polymer fibers (2009)

Electrospun polymer fibers are shown to have wrinkled surface topographies that result from buckling instabilities during processing. A glassy shell forms on the surface of the gel-like core during solvent evaporation; continued evaporation leads to a contraction mismatch between the core and shell that triggers buckling of the shell. The wrinkled topographies are quantified in terms of the critical buckling wave number and wavelength. The results explain the observed wrinkled topographies and provide a framework for designing fibers with high specific surface areas and textured/patterned surface topographies to enhance surface dominated properties in fibers and fibrous mats.
Production of monoclonal antibodies specific to the carboxyl terminal region of the 85 kDa subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase: Use of the antibodies in recognition of mutant p85 (1995)

We have established two hybridomas producing mAb to the carboxyl terminal region of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase 85 kDa subunit type alpha (p85 alpha). Analysis using deletion mutants of p85 revealed that epitopes for the two mAb were located on the border of the src homology 2 (SH2) sequence located at the carboxyl end of p85. They immunoprecipitated free p85 efficiently, but reactivity to p85 bound to p110 was very weak. Together with the mAb which we have reported previously, a panel of mAb that covered the various parts of p85 alpha was obtained. Using this panel, we characterized two mutants of p85 (70 and 50 kDa) expressed in the human colon carcinoma cell line, HCC2998. No wild-type p85 was detected in these cells. A mAb specific to the carboxyl terminal region detected p70 but not p50, suggesting that this region is missing in p50. The panel of mAb is a useful tool to use to analyse mutant forms of p85.
Many-body spectrum and particle localization in quantum dots and finite rotating Bose condensates (2001)

The yrast spectra (i.e., the lowest states for a given total angular momentum) of quantum dots in strong magnetic fields, are studied in terms of exact numerical diagonalization and analytic trial wave functions. We argue that certain features (cusps) in the many-body spectrum can be understood in terms of particle localization due to the strong field. A new class of trial wave functions supports the picture of the electrons being localized in Wigner moleculelike states consisting of consecutive rings of electrons, with low-lying excitations corresponding to rigid rotation of the outer ring of electrons. The geometry of the Wigner molecule is independent of interparticle interactions and the statistics of the particles.
A Component of Maize Pollen That Stimulates Larval Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to Feed and Increases Toxicity of Microbial Larvicides (2003)

To explain how larval Anopheles arabiensis Patton feed effectively in the turbid water in which they frequently develop, we determined whether an extractable component of maize, Zea mays L., pollen enhances feeding by these mosquitoes. Maturing maize produces a copious amount of wind-borne pollen that is nutritious enough and produced over a sufficient period to support the development of at least one generation of anopheline mosquitoes. Larval An. arabiensis readily ingest the contents of maize pollen or the intact pollen grains themselves. An aqueous extract of maize pollen markedly accelerates the rate at which larval An. arabiensis ingest inert particles and strongly enhances the effectiveness of Bti against larval An. arabiensis. We conclude that the ability of larval anopheline mosquitoes to feed on maize pollen in turbid water is enhanced by the release from these pollen grains of a water-soluble phagostimulatory component (or components), which may be used to increase ingestion of microbial entomotoxins.
Frequency shift of a rotating-imbalance vibration source caused by radiative damping in the surrounding medium (2003)

The motion of vibrating bodies in a surrounding fluid is often used to infer the transport properties of the fluid. A new sensor configuration is presented that consists of a rotating imbalance source radiating into an unbounded fluid medium. Under these circumstances, the reaction of the fluid medium onto the vibration source includes a steady state torque that opposes the applied torque required to sustain the rotating imbalance. This reaction torque causes a shift in frequency of the vibration source. The frequency shift is related to the density of the surrounding fluid medium and vibration source characteristics. A description of measurements taken with a rotating-imbalance source located in unbounded water and air is provided. The total mass, eccentricity, and length of the source were 4.1 kg, 3.28(10−4) kg&lt;th&gt;m, and 0.432 m, respectively. Motive torque to drive the imbalance was provided by a permanent-magnet dc motor. For an applied dc voltage that caused the source to operate at a nominal frequency near 150 Hz, a frequency shift of approximately 11 Hz was observed when the source was moved from air to water. Experimentally measured frequency shifts compared favorably with predictions provided by a nonlinear steady state model of the source and surrounding medium.
Stabilization Of Dry-Wound High-Field Superconducting Magnet By Controlling Frictional Spring Force. (1995)

magnets offer stable high magnetic fields without power consumption, and have wide application in magnetic resonance imaging equipment (MRI), superconducting magnetic energy strage (SMES), superconducting generators and so on. However, the magnets frequently suffer from quench fenomena and do not necessarily achieve the conductors'short sample critical currents. Mechanical distur bances, such as abrupt conductor motion, are the major reason for degraded magnet performance.
Activities of Telithromycin, Erythromycin, Fluoroquinolones, and Doxycycline against <i>Campylobacter</i> Strains Isolated from Finnish Subjects (2006)

The in vitro susceptibilities of 478 Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains isolated from Finnish subjects during 2002 to 2004 were determined. Susceptibility to erythromycin remained high, and telithromycin did not offer any advantage over erythromycin. Reduced susceptibilities to fluoroquinolones and doxycycline were detected almost exclusively among isolates of foreign origin.
Use of depressed index cladding layers to tailor the chromatic dispersion and birefringence of planar geometry waveguides (2000)

We numerically compute the chromatic dispersion and birefringence of a rectangular channel waveguide having a depressed index inner cladding. We assume the materials in the core and outer cladding of the waveguide to be doped silica glasses, whereas we take the inner cladding material to be either a doped silica glass or a polycrystalline fluoride, e.g., CaF/sub 2/ or MgF/sub 2/. Planar lightguide circuits (PLC's) based on such waveguides have application for wavelength or dense wavelength division multiplexing (WDM/ DWDM) in optical fiber transmission systems. Some of the described structures have application in polarization maintaining waveguide devices.
Evidence of Subtle Auditory Deficit in a Group of Patients Recovered from Bacterial Meningitis (2004)

Postbacterial meningitic patients with hearing below the 90th percentile range had a slight but significant subclinical threshold elevation over the standard pure-tone audiometry. This may reflect a real effect of the infection at the level of the cochlea, or it may be attributable to a mild residual cognitive defect. The moderate increases in iso-distortion product values are more likely to be real and reflect an effect on outer hair cell function in response to lower stimulus intensities.
Detection of a Cis eQTL Controlling BMCO1 Gene Expression Leads to the Identification of a QTG for Chicken Breast Meat Color (2011)

Classical quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis and gene expression QTL (eQTL) were combined to identify the causal gene (or QTG) underlying a highly significant QTL controlling the variation of breast meat color in a F2 cross between divergent high-growth (HG) and low-growth (LG) chicken lines. Within this meat quality QTL, BCMO1 (Accession number GenBank: AJ271386), encoding the β-carotene 15, 15'-monooxygenase, a key enzyme in the conversion of β-carotene into colorless retinal, was a good functional candidate. Analysis of the abundance of BCMO1 mRNA in breast muscle of the HG x LG F2 population allowed for the identification of a strong cis eQTL. Moreover, reevaluation of the color QTL taking BCMO1 mRNA levels as a covariate indicated that BCMO1 mRNA levels entirely explained the variations in meat color. Two fully-linked single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) located within the proximal promoter of BCMO1 gene were identified. Haplotype substitution resulted in a marked difference in BCMO1 promoter activity in vitro. The association study in the F2 population revealed a three-fold difference in BCMO1 expression leading to a difference of 1 standard deviation in yellow color between the homozygous birds at this haplotype. This difference in meat yellow color was fully consistent with the difference in carotenoid content (i.e. lutein and zeaxanthin) evidenced between the two alternative haplotypes. A significant association between the haplotype, the level of BCMO1 expression and the yellow color of the meat was also recovered in an unrelated commercial broiler population. The mutation could be of economic importance for poultry production by making possible a gene-assisted selection for color, a determining aspect of meat quality. Moreover, this natural genetic diversity constitutes a new model for the study of β-carotene metabolism which may act upon diverse biological processes as precursor of the vitamin A.
Conjunctival Mucin mRNA Expression in Contact Lens Wear (2009)

Low and high water content non-ionic HCLs induced different changes in the mRNA levels of several MUCs, but the water content was not related to the changes. Recovery to basal levels of conjunctival MUC mRNA expression after wearing HCL lenses for a year takes longer than 15 days for some MUCs.
Shape recognition using orientational and morphological scale‐spaces of curvatures (2015)

In this study, a scale‐invariant representation for closed planar curves (silhouettes) is proposed. The orientations of all points within the Gaussian scale‐space of the curve are extracted. This orientation scale‐space is used to create the silhouette orientation image in which the positions of each pixel indicate the curve's pixel positions and scales, whereas the colour represents orientation. The representation is extracted for multiple levels of the morphological scale‐space of the silhouette. The proposed representation is invariant to scale and transformable under planar rotation. Using linear and non‐linear distance learning methods, experiments on the MPEG7, ETH80 and Kimia shape datasets were conducted, with results indicating an advanced recognition capability.
Ethanol Enhances Hepatitis C Virus Replication through Lipid Metabolism and Elevated NADH/NAD+ (2009)

Therefore, lipid metabolism and alteration of cellular NADH/NAD(+) ratio are likely to play a critical role in the potentiation of HCV replication by ethanol rather than oxidative stress.
Metamagnetic Shape Memory Effect and Magnetic Properties of Ni-Mn Based Heusler Alloys (2011)

In some Ni-Mn-In- and Ni-Mn-Sn-based Heusler-type alloys, martensitic transformation from the ferromagnetic parent phase to the paramagnetic martensite phase appears and magnetic field-induced reverse transformation, namely, metamagnetic phase transition, is detected. In this paper, the metamagnetic shape memory effect due to the metamagnetic phase transition and the magnetostress effect in the Ni-Co-Mn-In alloys are introduced and the phase diagrams of Ni50Mn50-yXy (X: In, Sn, Sb) alloys are shown as basic information. Furthermore, the magnetic properties of both the parent and martensite phases in the Ni-Mn-In- and Ni-Mn-Sn-based metamagnetic shape memory alloys are also reviewed.
Comparison of dietary phospholipids and neutral lipids: effects on gut, liver and pancreas histology in Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morha</i>L.) larvae (2008)

The aim of the present study was to compare effects of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) being incorporated in the phospholipid (PL) or in the neutral lipid (NL) fraction of the larval feed, on larval growth and histology of digestive organs in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) larvae. Three isoproteic and isolipidic diets, labelled according to the percentage of n-3 docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid contained in NL1 or in PL1 and PL3 of the diets, were fed to cod larvae from 17 days post hatching (dph) to 45 dph. In the liver, hepatocytes and their nuclei were smaller in NL1 larvae compared with the PL larvae; the mitochondrial membrane structures were less dense and the amount of lipids observed in the liver was significantly higher in NL1 larvae compared with the PL3 larvae. The liver and gut size was related to larval size, with no differences between the larval groups. The results demonstrated that the essential fatty acids were more beneficial for cod larvae when they were incorporated in the dietary polar PL rather than in the NL, and that the n-3 HUFA requirements in cod larvae is possibly higher than that in the PL1 diet.
ChemInform Abstract: Biphasic Manganese Carbonyl Reactions: A New Approach to Making Carbon—Carbon Bonds. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.