gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wind Tunnel Testing of a Nacelle Bypass Concept for a Quiet Supersonic Aircraft (2009)

Sonic boom attenuation is a considerable design challenge to enable civilian aircraft to operate at supersonic flight conditions. One technology proposed by Gulfstream Aerospace for the production of low-noise supersonic aircraft is the high-flow nacelle bypass concept in which an outer nacelle surface is used to encircle the asymmetric external engine protuberances of a traditional turbine engine. Although this bypass flow may reduce the overall sonic boom signature of the vehicle, the engine mechanics and mounting create a highly complex 3-D flow in the annular bypass region. To better understand the 3-D flow features, an approximately 1/6 th engine model has been tested complete with fairings to transition the flow smoothly around the protuberances. The model was installed in a newly constructed 11.1 inch diameter axisymmetric tunnel at the University of Illinois to simulate the bypass flow path. Pressure measurements were taken over a range of circumferential angles and radial positions and are used to create planar maps of total and dynamic pressure upstream and downstream of the bypass model. Wind tunnel testing was performed on the empty axisymmetric wind tunnel followed by model configurations of increasing complexity until a full test configuration of the engine model with all the gearbox fairings and crane beam mounts was achieved. Results show significant pressure losses behind the gearbox fairing with a large flow recirculation zone, which was also characterized by surface flow visualizations. Due to the blockage created by the gearbox fairing mounted at the underside of the model, results also show increased flow velocity in the upper section of the bypass duct. These results are currently being utilized to confirm computational results of the flow field and to aid in the design of the next generation of fairings and crane beam supports.
Continuous Flow Generation and Reactions of Anhydrous Diazomethane Using a Teflon AF-2400 Tube-in-Tube Reactor (2013)

A continuous process for generation, separation, and reactions of anhydrous diazomethane in a tube-in-tube reactor was developed. The inner tube of the reactor is made of hydrophobic, gas-permeable Teflon AF-2400. The diazomethane is formed in the inner tube and then diffuses through the permeable membrane into the outer chamber and subsequently reacts in the solution carried within. This technique allows safe and scalable reactions with dry diazomethane to be performed on a laboratory scale.
Autoantibodies targeting G-protein-coupled receptors in RA and SLE (2018)

Introduction: Previous studies have suggested a role of autoantibodies against G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) in autoimmune diseases. In this study, we aimed to determine the association of anti-GPCR autoantibodies with RA and SLE. Methods: The discovery cohort consisted of 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 10 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 10 sex- and age-matched healthy donors (HD). Serum levels of autoantibodies against 14 GPCRs were measured for the discovery cohort by ELISA (Celltrend, Germany). Autoantibodies with significant difference between patients and controls were further investigated in a validation cohort containing 40 patients with RA, 14 patients with SLE, and 40 HD. For autoantibodies confirmed in the validation cohort, bioinformatic analysis was performed to explore possible functional interactions among them, and their diagnosis values were evaluated by ROC analysis. Results: For RA, levels of autoantibodies against 8 GPCRs were significantly different between patients and controls, 7 of which were confirmed in the validation cohort, including C5aR, C3aR, CXCR3, CXCR4, M3R, β1-adrenergic receptor and AT1R. For SLE, levels of autoantibodies against 2 GPCRs, β2-adrenergic receptor and ETAR, were significantly different between patients and controls, both were confirmed in the validation cohort. For the autoantibodies that were significantly changed in RA patients, bioinformatic analysis revealed that they were functionally related to chemotaxis. The ROC analysis showed good diagnostic values for all of those autoantibodies which were significantly changed in RA or SLE compared with controls. Conclusion: Levels of autoantibodies against GPCRs are significantly changes in RA and SLE compared to healthy controls, suggesting that they might be associated with the development of diseases.
Azithromycin and Novel Azalides (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
In vivo three‐dimensional wrist motion analysis using magnetic resonance imaging and volume‐based registration (2004)

This study represents a new attempt to non-invasively analyze three-dimensional motions of the wrist in vivo. A volume-based registration method using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was developed to avoid radiation exposure. The primary aim was to evaluate the accuracy of volume-based registration and compare it with surface-based registration. The secondary aim was to evaluate contributions of the scaphoid and lunate to global wrist motion during flexion-extension motion (FEM), radio-ulnar deviation (RUD) and radial-extension/ulnoflexion, "dart-throwing" motion (DTM) in the right wrists of 12 healthy volunteers. Volume-based registration displayed a mean rotation error of 1.29 degrees +/-1.03 degrees and a mean translation error of 0.21+/-0.25 mm and was significantly more accurate than surface-based registration in rotation. Different patterns of contribution of the scaphoid and lunate were identified for FEM, RUD, and DTM. The scaphoid contributes predominantly in the radiocarpal joint during FEM, in the midcarpal joint during RUD and almost equally between these joints during DTM. The lunate contributes almost equally in both joints during FEM and predominantly in the midcarpal joint during RUD and DTM.
Grammar-based optimization of synthesis scenarios (2002)

Systems for multi-level logic optimization are usually based on a set of specialized, loosely-related transformations which work on a network representation. The sequence of transformations in a synthesis scenario (script) is crucial for the performance of the whole system. This paper presents the application of a genetic algorithm for automatic tuning of scenarios, and therefore an approach for optimizing the synthesis process itself. We introduce a general context-free grammar to describe the set of relevant scenarios. For such grammars, we develop meaningful genetic operators for the implementation of an evolutionary search. Experiments with an industrial logic synthesis system show that our method can improve the efficiency of manually designed standard scenarios by an average of 8%. We also show that this approach can effectively tune scenarios to particular design styles and/or specific synthesis goals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparative quantitative analysis of β-Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/β-SiC mixtures (1996)

Successful efforts at SIR phasing l using real data 1!1easured for three separate derivatives of cytochrome csso at 2.5A resolu-tion2 (mean phase euors 40-4 7') were first reported at the 1997 AtlantaACA meeting. However. phasing methods employing 2.5A enor-free SAS data for the PtCI 4 derivative of the same structure, although effective, proved more problematic in adjusting the optimal conditions for successful refinement)
Generation of 48-fs pulses and measurement of crystal dispersion by using a regeneratively initiated self-mode-locked chromium-doped forsterite laser (1993)

A regeneratively initiated self-mode-locked chromium-doped forsterite laser operated at 3.5 degrees C is described. By employing intracavity negative-group-velocity dispersion compensation, nearly transform-limited femtosecond pulses of 48-fs (FWHM) duration were generated with average TEM(00) output powers of 380 mW at 1.23 microm. Regenerative initiation provides improvement in the output stability and ease of operation compared with fixed-frequency acousto-optic modulators. By tuning the mode-locked laser in the range 1.21-1.26 microm, estimated values for forsterite dispersion constants have also been obtained for the first time to our knowledge. The demonstrated power and stability open the door to applications such as efficient second-harmonic generation.
Formation of Organic Nanoscale Laminates and Blends by Molecular Layer Deposition (2009)

Nanoscale organic films are important for many applications. We report on a system of molecular layer deposition that allows for the deposition of conformal organic films with thickness and composition control at the subnanometer length scale. Nanoscale polyurea films are grown on silica substrates in a layer-by-layer fashion by dosing 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate (PDIC) and ethylenediamine (ED) in the gas phase. Ellipsometry measurements indicate that the film growth occurs at a constant growth rate, with film thicknesses consistent with molecular distances calculated using density functional theory. Characterization of the films by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals formation of stable polyurea films with nearly stoichiometric composition, and transmission electron microscopy indicates that the films uniformly coat the substrate surface. Subnanometer control over the film composition was demonstrated using 2,2'-thiobis(ethylamine) (TBEA) as an alternate diamine to vary the composition of the films. By substituting TBEA for ED, blended films, with homogeneous composition through the film, and nanolaminates, with discrete layers of differing film chemistry, were created.
A Protein Kinase A–Independent Pathway Controlling Aquaporin 2 Trafficking as a Possible Cause for the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis Associated with Polycystic Kidney Disease 1 Haploinsufficiency (2014)

Renal water reabsorption is controlled by arginine vasopressin (AVP), which binds to V2 receptors, resulting in protein kinase A (PKA) activation, phosphorylation of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) at serine 256, and translocation of AQP2 to the plasma membrane. However, AVP also causes dephosphorylation of AQP2 at S261. Recent studies showed that cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) can phosphorylate AQP2 peptides at S261 in vitro. We investigated the possible role of cdks in the phosphorylation of AQP2 and identified a new PKA-independent pathway regulating AQP2 trafficking. In ex vivo kidney slices and MDCK-AQP2 cells, R-roscovitine, a specific inhibitor of cdks, increased pS256 levels and decreased pS261 levels. The changes in AQP2 phosphorylation status were paralleled by increases in cell surface expression of AQP2 and osmotic water permeability in the absence of forskolin stimulation. R-Roscovitine did not alter cAMP-dependent PKA activity but specifically reduced protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) expression and activity in MDCK cells. Notably, we found reduced PP2A expression and activity and reduced pS261 levels in Pkd1(+/-) mice displaying a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis with high levels of pS256, despite unchanged AVP and cAMP. Similar to previous findings in Pkd1(+/-) mice, R-roscovitine treatment caused a significant decrease in intracellular calcium in MDCK cells. Our data indicate that reduced activity of PP2A, secondary to reduced intracellular Ca(2+) levels, promotes AQP2 trafficking independent of the AVP-PKA axis. This pathway may be relevant for explaining pathologic states characterized by inappropriate AVP secretion and positive water balance.
Achieving high performance in bus-based shared-memory multiprocessors (2000)

In bus-based shared-memory multiprocessors, several techniques reduce cache misses and bus traffic, which are the key obstacles to high performance.
High-precision measurements of light-induced torque on absorbing microspheres (2004)

Laser beams have been demonstrated to be capable of exerting torque as well as forces on microparticles. Using a custom magneto-optic manipulator, we directly measured the torque exerted by laser light on absorbing microspheres as a result of the transfer of spin angular momentum. A general method for measuring torque has been developed, and the experimental apparatus has shown a sensitivity of approximately 1 pN/nm.
Ultra-short optical pulses leading to ultra-stable photonic microwave generation (2017)

Microwave signals can be generated by photo-detecting ultra-short optical pulse trains. We demonstrate that the pulse duration, although shorter than the impulse response of photodiode, can greatly limit the phase noise of generated microwave signal.
Target location by a multiaperture vision system coupled to a back-propagation neural network (1993)

A software simulation of a multiaperture vision system (MAVS) that locates a point-source target by means of a neural network processor is presented. Models are developed and tested for one-, three-, and nine-eyelet systems. The advantages and limitations of each MAVS system are discussed. A back-propagation neural network is developed and trained as a target-location processor for each system. The accuracy of the neural network in determining the spatial position of a point-source target placed inside the field of view is then determined. The performance of each of the three systems is compared, and the accuracy of the system is shown to increase with the addition of more eyelets.
Functional Characterization of Fingers Subdomain-specific Monoclonal Antibodies Inhibiting the Hepatitis C Virus RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (2008)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), encoded by nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B), is absolutely essential for the viral replication. Here we describe the development, characterization, and functional properties of the panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and specifically describe the mechanism of action of two mAbs inhibiting the NS5B RdRp activity. These mAbs recognize and bind to distinct linear epitopes in the fingers subdomain of NS5B. The mAb 8B2 binds the N-terminal epitope of the NS5B and inhibits both primer-dependent and de novo RNA synthesis. mAb 8B2 selectively inhibits elongation of RNA chains and enhances the RNA template binding by NS5B. In contrast, mAb 7G8 binds the epitope that contains motif G conserved in viral RdRps and inhibits only primer-dependent RNA synthesis by specifically targeting the initiation of RNA synthesis, while not interfering with the binding of template RNA by NS5B. To reveal the importance of the residues of mAb 7G8 epitope for the initiation of RNA synthesis, we performed site-directed mutagenesis and extensively characterized the functionality of the HCV RdRp motif G. Comparison of the mutation effects in both in vitro primer-dependent RdRp assay and cellular transient replication assay suggested that mAb 7G8 epitope amino acid residues are involved in the interaction of template-primer or template with HCV RdRp. The data presented here allowed us to describe the functionality of the epitopes of mAbs 8B2 and 7G8 in the HCV RdRp activity and suggest that the epitopes recognized by these mAbs may be useful targets for antiviral drugs.
Calibration of the Cloud Particle Imager Probes Using Calibration Beads and Ice Crystal Analogs: The Depth of Field (2007)

Abstract This paper explains and develops a correction algorithm for measurement of cloud particle size distributions with the Stratton Park Engineering Company, Inc., Cloud Particle Imager (CPI). Cloud particle sizes, when inferred from images taken with the CPI, will be oversized relative to their “true” size. Furthermore, particles will cease to be “accepted” in the image frame if they lie a distance greater than the depth of field from the object plane. By considering elements of the scalar theory for diffraction of light by an opaque circular disc, a calibration method is devised to overcome these two problems. The method reduces the error in inferring particle size from the CPI data and also enables the determination of the particles distance from the object plane and hence their depth of field. These two quantities are vital to enable quantitative measurements of cloud particle size distributions (histograms of particle size that are scaled to the total number concentration of particles) in the atmosphere with the CPI. By using both glass calibration beads and novel ice crystal analogs, these two problems for liquid drops and ice particles can be quantified. Analysis of the calibration method shows that 1) it reduces the oversizing of 15-μm beads (from 24.3 to 14.9 μm for the sample mean), 40-μm beads (from 50.0 to 41.4 μm for the sample mean), and 99.4-μm beads (from 103.7 to 99.8 μm for the sample mean); and 2) it accurately predicts the particles distance from the object plane (the relationship between measured and predicted distance shows strong positive correlation and gives an almost one-to-one relationship). Realistic ice crystal analogs were also used to assess the errors in sampling ice clouds and found that size and distance from the object plane could be accurately predicted for ice crystals by use of the particle roundness parameter (defined as the ratio of the projected area of the particle to the area of a circle with the same maximum length). While the results here are not directly applicable to every CPI, the methods are, as data taken from three separate CPIs fit the calibration model well (not shown).
High Fidelity Multi Finger Haptic Display (2005)

The fingertip haptic display (FHD) is a five bar mechanism developed at the University of Washington for haptic interaction with the fingertip of the operator. The two-degree-of-freedom mechanism was computer optimized to accommodate the workspace of the human finger inflexion/extension with a high degree of kinematic isotropy. Direct drive with frictionless flat-coil actuators ensures low torque ripple, inertia, and static friction in the actuation system for high fidelity haptic rendering. This paper describes a redesign of the position sensing arrangement, I/O hardware and software as well as thermal modelling to improve performance and stack four devices for use with index, middle, ring and little finger in a multifinger haptic display. Some results of the initial performance evaluation are given. Promising applications are expected to include palpation training for medical personnel, museum displays enabling the visitor to "touch" art, as well as psychophysics research: exploring the limits of human touch perception.
Effects of oxygen radicals in low-pressure surface-wave plasma on sterilization (2005)

The effects of oxygen radicals on sterilization were studied using a 2.45GHz surface-wave oxygen plasma. A population of 1.5×106 Bacillus stearothermophilus spores was irradiated for 3min or more with oxygen plasma, generated at pressures between 6 and 14Pa. The decimal reduction value (D value), a measure of the effectiveness of sterilization, was determined to be about 15–25s. Using only oxygen radicals, excluding all charged particles, the 1.5×106 spores were sterilized with a D value of 30–45s after 5min or more of irradiation. On scanning electron microscopy, the length and width of the spores changed significantly due to chemical etching by oxygen radicals.
Chemistry of [(.eta.6-C6H5OH)Mn(CO)3]BF4: Synthesis of Disubstituted Cyclohexadienylmanganese Complexes from (C6H5O)Mn(CO)2L (L = CO, PPh3, P(OMe)3) (1995)

Treatment of [(eta(6)-phenol)Mn(CO)(3)](+) (1(+)) with t-BuOK led to [(eta(5)-C6H5O)Mn(CO)(3)] [2(CO)]. Treatment of 1(+) with NMO or TMANO (1 equiv) and PR(3) (3 equiv) led to the oxocyclohexadienyl complex [(eta(5)-C6H5O)Mn(CO)(2)PR(3)] [2(PR(3)) (R = Ph, OMe)]. 2(L) reacts consecutively with a nucleophile (Nu) and an electrophile (E) to give reasonable to high yields of double-addition products, [{6-Nu-eta(5)-1-EO-C6H5}Mn(CO)(2)L] (3) (L = CO, PPh(3), P(OMe)(3)). Demetalation of 3 by using Jones reagent resulted in a high yield of ortho-disubstituted arenes. X-ray crystallographic studies of 2(CO), 2(PPh(3)), and 3(L = P(OMe)(3), Nu = Ph, E = C(O)CH3) have been determined.
Oxalyl chloride photofragment imaging: One photon - four fragments (1996)

Recently we have built an crossed molecular beams ion imaging system to study reactive scattering and photodissociation dynamics. The ion imaging machine has been designed to incorporate tunable vaccuum ultraviolet radiation generated by the Advanced Light Source to carry out soft ionization of product species. Here we present first results of the photodissociation dynamics of oxalyl chloride (CLCO)2. In this case photolysis and probe light were generated using Nd-YAG pumped dye lasers. With the absorption of one photon around 230 nm, the molecule breaks apart into four fragments (Cl + CO + CO + CL). The velocity and angular distributions of these fragments are studied using resonantly enhanced mutiphoton ionization and imaging techniques. Photofragment translational energy and angular distributions are presented for ground state and spin-orbit excited Cl atoms as well as for individual rotational levels of the CO product. These distributions suggest a simple model for the dissociation dynamics.
Analysis of heterogeneous fluorescence photobleaching by video kinetics imaging: The method of cumulants (1989)

The method of cumulants has been applied to digital video fluorescence microscopy. The method is used to reconstruct the distribution of fluorescent molecules before the initiation of fluorescence photobleaching, and to characterize heterogeneous photobleaching by imaging one or more of the cumulants of the bleaching decay rate. Using the pipelined pixel processor of the image analysis system for the bulk of the calculations, rather than the general-purpose host-computer CPU, the video kinetics imaging can be performed in near real-time. The method is applied to chick embryo myotubes labelled with fluorescein-conjugated alpha-bungarotoxin. The pre-bleach fluorescence distribution is derived, and the image of fluorescein fluorescence is separated from glutaraldehyde-induced autofluorescence on the basis of the spatially resolved average photobleaching decay rate.
Nutritional properties of meat peptides and proteins: impact of processing (2008)

Proprits nutritionnelles des peptides et protines de la viande : impact des procds de transformation En raison de leur teneur et leur bon quilibre en acides amins indispensables, les protines de la viande prsentent une qualit nutritionnelle leve. L'apparition de nouveaux critres d'valuation de cette qualit, tels que la vitesse de digestion et la potentialit des protines alimentaires librer des peptides bioactifs au cours de la digestionont relanc l'intrt pour les produits carns. En effet les protines de la viande, qui peuvent tre considres comme des protines digestion rapide, pourraient aider lutter contre la fonte musculaire chez les personnes ges. De plus, la prsence dans la viande de peptide bioactifs natifs, tels que la carnosine et le glutathion, ainsi que la libration pendant la digestion de peptides antihypertensifs, pourraient se rvler trs intressants dans un contexte de nutrition prventive. Avant sa consommation, la viande subit une srie de ractions biochimiques, et de traitements technologiques, conduisant la dnaturation des protines (perte de leur structure tertiaire et quaternaire), leur oxydation, et la formation d'agrgats. Ces transformations peuvent affecter la vitesse de digestion, la libration des peptides et la biodisponibilit des acides amins. L'importance de ces modifications et leur impact sur la qualit nutritionnelle des protines de la viande ncessite d'tre approfondi.