gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Membrane engineering for reduced acetic acid stress: insights from Zygosaccharomyces bailii (2015)

The high concentration of acetic acid released during pretreatment of lignocellulose raw material is a major obstacle to the microbial production of bio-based products. Acetic acid enters the cell mainly by passive diffusion across the plasma membrane and inhibits yeast by mechanisms such as reduction of intracellular pH, accumulation of the acetate anion, and by signaling effects triggering cell death.Through extensive characterization of the acetic acid tolerant yeast Zygosaccharomyces bailii, we have identified the cell membrane as a target for strain engineering with potential to increase acetic acid tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.We propose membrane permeability as a key component for Z. bailii’s acetic acid tolerance. We have previously shown that Z. bailii has a unique ability to remodel its plasma membrane upon acetic acid stress, to strongly increase its fraction of complex sphingolipids, at the expense of a drastic reduction of glycerophospholipids1. Here we further demonstrate the involvement of complex sphingolipids in acetic acid tolerance by decreasing sphingolipid synthesis using the drug myriocin, and characterize the acetic acid tolerance in terms of growth and intracellular pH. Furthermore we show the impact of complex sphingolipids on membrane physical properties using in silico membrane simulations. Ongoing membrane engineering of S. cerevisiae can potentially give additional strength to our findings.References1 Lindberg et al. (2013), Lipidomic Profiling of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces bailii Reveals Critical Changes in Lipid Composition in Response to Acetic Acid Stress, PLoS One 8: e73936.
Phosphoinositide 3‐kinase acts through RAC and Cdc42 during agrin‐induced acetylcholine receptor clustering (2007)

The formation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is regulated by the nerve-derived heparan sulfate proteoglycan agrin and the muscle-specific kinase MuSK. Agrin induces a signal transduction pathway via MuSK, which promotes the reorganization of the postsynaptic muscle membrane. Activation of MuSK leads to the phosphorylation and redistribution of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) and other postsynaptic proteins to synaptic sites. The accumulation of high densities of AChRs at postsynaptic regions represents a hallmark of NMJ formation and is required for proper NMJ function. Here we show that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) represents a component of the agrin/MuSK signaling pathway. Muscle cells treated with specific PI3-K inhibitors are unable to form full-size AChR clusters in response to agrin and AChR phosphorylation is reduced. Moreover, agrin-induced activation of Rac and Cdc42 is impaired in the presence of PI3-K inhibitors. PI3-K is localized to the postsynaptic muscle membrane consistent with a role during agrin/MuSK signaling. These results put PI3-K downstream of MuSK as regulator of AChR phosphorylation and clustering. Its role during agrin-stimulated Rac and Cdc42 activation suggests a critical function during cytoskeletal reorganizations, which lead to the redistribution of actin-anchored AChRs.
Bipiperidine conjugates as soluble sugar surrogates in DNA-intercalating antiproliferative polyketides (2016)

DNA-intercalating polyketide glycosides are important leads for cancer therapeutics, yet their use is often limited by their low solubility and challenging synthetic protocols. To overcome these limitations, we employed 1,4'-bipiperidine-1'-carbamate residues as sugar surrogates in daunorubicin and chartreusin, yielding water-soluble derivatives and prodrugs with dramatically improved antiproliferative activities.
MRI and PET/CT for Triaging Stage IB Clinically Operable Cervical Cancer to Appropriate Therapy: Decision Analysis to Assess Patient Outcomes (2009)

Pretreatment imaging of FIGO IB cervical cancer patients can optimize triage to appropriate therapy. Although imaging does not appear to improve survival, PET/CT maximizes patient triage to correct therapy, and combined MRI and PET/CT spares the most patients unnecessary trimodality therapy.
Improvement of Rinsing Efficiency after Sulfuric Acid Hydrogen Peroxide Mixture (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) by HF Addition (1996)

We report on the improvement in efficiency of deionized water rinsing after using a H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O 2 /HF mixture which produces hydrophobic Si surfaces by means of fluorine passivation, providing better sulfur removal and shorter rinsing time than the conventional H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O 2 mixture. After removing this passivation agent by rinsing in deionized water, the surfaces are still covered with chemical oxide, which protects them from organic contamination. Furthermore this treatment does not induce surface roughening.
Spatiotemporal Shaping of Terahertz Pulses (1997)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Jake Bromage, Stojan Radic, G. P. Agrawal, Carlos R. Stroud, Jr., P. M. Fauchet, and Roman Sobolewski, "Spatiotemporal Shaping of Terahertz Pulses," Optics & Photonics News 8(12), 47-48 (1997) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A New Nonfullerene Acceptor with Near Infrared Absorption for High Performance Ternary‐Blend Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency over 13% (2018)

A new acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) type nonfullerene acceptor, <b>3TT-FIC</b>, which has three fused thieno[3,2-b]thiophene as the central core and difluoro substituted indanone as the end groups, is designed and synthesized. <b>3TT-FIC</b> exhibits broad and strong absorption with extended onset absorption to 995 nm and a low optical bandgap of 1.25 eV. The binary device based on <b>3TT-FIC</b> and the polymer <b>PTB7-Th</b> exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.21% with a high short circuit current density ( <i>J</i><sub>sc</sub>) of 25.89 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>. To fine-tune the morphology and make full use of the visible region sunlight, phenyl-C<sub>71</sub>-butyricacid-methyl ester (<b>PC<sub>71</sub>BM</b>) is used as the third component to fabricate ternary devices. In contrast to the binary devices, the ternary blend organic solar cells show significantly enhanced EQE ranging from 300 to 700 nm and thus an improved <i> J</i><sub>sc</sub> with a high value of 27.73 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>. A high PCE with a value of 13.54% is achieved for the ternary devices, which is one of the highest efficiencies in single junction organic solar cells reported to date. The results provide valuable insight for the ternary devices in which the external quantum efficiency (EQE) induced by the third component is evidently observed and directly contributed to the enhancement of the device efficiency.
Synthesis and characterization of aromatic poly(ether sulfone)s containing pendant sodium sulfonate groups (1993)

Abstract Poly(ether sulfone)s containing pendant sodium sulfonate groups were prepared by the aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction of 4,4′‐dichlorodiphenylsulfone ( 1 ) and sodium 5,5′‐sulfonylbis (2‐chlorobenzenesulfonate) ( 2 ) with bisphenols ( 3 ) in the presence of potassium carbonate in N,N ‐dimethylacetamide. A new monomer 2 containing the sodium sulfonate groups was synthesized by the sulfonation of 1 with fuming sulfuric acid. The polycondensation proceeded smoothly at 170°C and produced the desired poly(ether sulfone)s containing the sodium sulfonate with inherent viscosities up to 1.2 dL/g. The polymers were quite soluble in strong acid, dipolar aprotic solvents, m ‐cresol, and dichloromethane. The thermogravimetry of the polymers showed excellent thermal stability, indicating that 10% weight losses of the polymers were observed in the range above 460°C in nitrogen atmosphere. Both the glass transition temperatures and hydrophilicity of the polymers increased with increasing their concentrations of sodium sulfonate groups. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A compact ultra‐wideband bandpass filter with ultra‐fine conductor trace based on liquid crystal polymer substrates (2009)

Purpose Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) materials are considered to be promising substrates for wireless applications because of their excellent properties. The purpose of this paper is to describe now a novel and compact microstrip ultra‐wideband bandpass filter (UWB BPF) with ultra‐fine conductor traces working over 22 to 29 GHz is fabricated on LCP substrates. Design/methodology/approach Using standard processing technology, such as photolithography, plasma pretreatment, sputter deposition and wet etching, a microstrip UWB BPF is fabricated on LCP substrates. In order to obtain better adhesion between LCP substrate and copper, the oxygen plasma pretreatment of the LCP substrate surface and a thin titanium adhesion layer are introduced before a copper layer is sputter‐deposited onto the substrate. Findings The measured and the simulated results agree well. The measured insertion loss is about 8 dB in the passband of the bandpass filter, which is a little high compared to the simulated result (∼5 dB). The out of band performance at both the high frequency and low frequency is very good, almost higher than 35 dB. Originality/value This paper presents the realization of (UWB BPF) working over 22 to 29 GHz based on an LCP substrate, which demonstrates the feasibility of the application of the LCP substrate in RF wireless systems and also gives some useful information for later research.
Schottky I/sup 2/L (substrate fed logic) - An analysis of the implications of the vertical injector structure and Schottky collection (1977)

The DC behavior of a Schottky I/SUP 2/L gate is analysed by using the Ebers-Moll equations, modified to include Schottky diodes. The usual definition of I/SUP 2/L common emitter current gain is replaced by a new definition which is more suitable for the vertical injector structure of Schottky I/SUP 2/L. The analysis is general and can be applied to any multijunction structure containing Schottky diodes or having a distributed current source. This framework is used to examine the effect on the fan-out of minority carrier collection at the Schottky contacts. Equations are presented which relate both the recombination at the Schottky contacts and the vertical reinjection through the inverse p-n-p transistor to the device structure.
Mortality and complications of hip fracture in young adults: a nationwide population-based cohort study (2014)

The overall 10-year survival rate in hip fracture patients aged 20-40 years in Taiwan was over 90%. The 10-year complication-free rates were around 70%. Preventing the occurrence of severe complications after hip fracture among young adults is an important public health issue that warrants greater attention.
Efficient Synthesis of DNA Dumbbells Using Template-Induced Chemical Ligation in Double-Stranded Polynucleotides Closed by Minihairpin Fragments (1999)

The chemical ligation of 17 50-54-membered nicked DNA dumbbells with different closing fragments, nick positions, and nucleotides facing the nick were investigated. T4, T5, GTA4C, GCGA2GC, and GCGA3GC sequences were chosen as the closing fragments. The nicks were placed in the center of the duplex stem or were adjacent to the closing fragments. N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide and cyanogen bromide were used as the condensing agents. We showed that the ligation efficiency is 10%-90% depending on the sequence of the closing fragments, nick position, and nucleotides facing the nick. Coupling yields of 80%-90% were observed when the nick was situated in the middle of the molecule between two T residues or was adjacent to GCGA2GC or GCGA3GC minihairpins. In the last case, the reacting 3'-phosphate and 5'-hydroxy groups were brought close together by only two base pair minihairpins. The coupling yields did not depend on the nature of the condensing agent. On the basis of the results obtained, we believe a rational design of nicked DNA dumbbells has been developed for efficient chemical synthesis of closed dumbbells.
Synthesis of ε-caprolactam precursors through the N-hydroxyphthalimide-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of K/A-oil (2003)

A methodology for the preparation of ε-caprolactam (CL) precursors like 1,1′-peroxydicyclohexylamine (PDHA) and/or cyclohexanone oxime from K/A-oil (a mixture of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol) has been established by the use of N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) as a key catalyst. Thus, the aerobic oxidation of K/A-oil catalyzed by NHPI followed by treatment with ammonia afforded CL precursors in high selectivities.
C-méthylation des desméthylménaquinones: II. Spécificité du système enzymatique de méthylation de Mycobacterium phlei vis-à-vis du substrat quinonique (1972)

Summary When tested with demethylmenaquinone analogs systematically modified in the ring or in the side chain, the methylating enzyme turned out to be highly specific towards the naphthoquinonic ring and the first isoprenoid trans unit: any change (saturation, hydroxylation, substitution of hydrogen or methyl groups,...) led generally to complete loss of activity. The enzyme was remarkably less specific towards the remainder of the side chain: this could be interpretated as the result of a necessary interaction between the enzyme and a substrate dissolved into phospholipidic micelles. A change in the phospholipid composition led to a change of the methylation pattern of homologous DMK. Moreover the influence of the phospholipidic environment on the chemical reactivity of the 2-position of DMK was demonstrated. This peculiarity of DMK methylase is discussed with respect to its localization in the bacterial membrane.
Reliable Communications for Short-Range Wireless Systems (2011)

Ensuring reliable communication is an important concern in short-range wireless communication systems with stringent quality of service requirements. Key characteristics of these systems, including data rate, communication range, channel profiles, network topologies and power efficiency, are very different from those in long-range systems. This comprehensive book classifies short-range wireless technologies as high and low data rate systems. It addresses major factors affecting reliability at different layers of the protocol stack, detailing the best ways to enhance the capacity and performance of short-range wireless systems. Particular emphasis is placed on reliable channel estimation, state-of-the-art interference mitigation techniques and cooperative communications for improved reliability. The book also provides detailed coverage of related international standards including UWB, ZigBee, and 60 GHz communications. With a balanced treatment of theoretical and practical aspects of short-range wireless communications and with a focus on reliability, this is an ideal resource for practitioners and researchers in wireless communications.
Infrared flow cell for use at elevated temperatures and pressures (1973)

Several types of cells have been used for in situ studies of chemical reactions a t elevated temperature and pressure.Nearly all the cells can be characterized as small au-window support plugs.The seal between windows and cell body consists of four Frenzelite-Multi (phenol formalde-'hyde resin reinforced with asbestos) packing rings of 0.5 toclaves equipped with windows, that is to say the cell itself acts as the reactor in which the reaction is carried out.
Blade Fabrication Process for Titanium Matrix Composites (2000)

Abstract Continuous fiber reinforced titanium matrix composites (TMC) are attractive as one of the potential structural materials for aerospace applications, because of their high specific strength and stiffness. However, TMC parts are not yet put into practical use due to their limited damage tolerance and an enormous production cost resulting from process limitation requiring preliminary forming and elaborate tooling for consolidation. In order to reduce the production cost, superplastic TMC sheets (SiC/Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Mo-2Fe) were developed, and deformation properties, and cavitation behavior were investigated. The blade-shaped model was formed successfully out of the newly developed TMC sheet by means of Argon-gas-pressure forming technique. However, in order to reduce the defects that were observed in fiber/matrix interface of the deformed TMC, the tensile flow stresses in TMC sheet during deformation should be minimized. In this study a diaphragm forming method, whereby a TMC sheet is forced against the form tool surface by pressure acting on a driving sheet, was adopted to reduce the tensile stress generated in TMC sheet during superplastic forming of blade-shaped models. As a result, no defects were observed by an optical microscope in the TMC deformed by diaphragm forming method. Diffusion bonding techniques to attach the root blocks to the deformed TMC sheet and the reduction of the blade-fabrication cost are also discussed.
Evaluation of the space charge trap energy levels in the ferroelectric films (2009)

A method to evaluate the space charge trap energy levels in ferroelectric (FE) Ba0.3Sr0.7TiO3 film incorporated into a metal/FE/metal parallel plate capacitors structure is presented. It is based on microwave measurements of the capacitance relaxation time after the end of a dc pulse, when the change in measured capacitance is due to internal processes of space charge relaxation [Q(t)] in the FE film. Using the Q(t) dependencies obtained as a function of temperature, the time constants of slow relaxation processes were defined and the trap energy levels were evaluated as Et=0.7, 0.5, and 0.1 eV.
Local and systemic concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in bacterial osteomyelitis (2000)

Osteomyelitis is a major cause of morbidity worldwide but there are few data investigating pathogenesis of infection and no investigations into local secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in patients. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 concentrations were measured in pus of infected bone from 30 Zambian patients with chronic osteomyelitis (principally caused by Staphylococcus aureus), in plasma, and after lipopolysaccharide stimulation of whole-blood leucocytes. Patients had reduced body mass index compared to controls (P = 0.025) and an acute-phase response. Elevated concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines were detected in bone compared to plasma (all P < 0.0002). Bone IL-8 concentrations were greater than IL-8 levels after lipopolysaccharide stimulation of whole blood (P < 0.01). In contrast, systemic and ex-vivo-stimulated concentrations of proinflammatory cytokine were similar in patients and controls, despite differences in body mass index and an acute-phase response. In summary, we observed marked local TNF, IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in established bacterial osteomyelitis without systemic cytokine release.
Soluble and Strongly Photoluminescent Polyethers with Oligophenylene, <i>p</i>-Phenylenevinylene-, or <i>p</i>-Phenyleneethynylene-Based Chromophores (2001)

New polyethers containing alternating rigid conjugated chromophores and nonconjugated aliphatic spacers were synthesized. The chromophores were of oligophenylene, p-phenylenevinylene, and p-phenyleneethynylene types. The polymers were amorphous and showed enhanced solubility in common organic solvents and Tg in the range 80−115 °C and satisfied thermal stability. The polymers showed blue fluorescence both in solution and in solid state. Their PL spectra displayed maxima at 390−453 and 407−464 nm in solution and in the solid state, respectively. The wavelengths of absorption and emission depended on the chemical structures of the chromophores. The PL quantum yields in solution were determined and ranged from 0.58 to 0.98.
Molecular characterization of AML with ins(21;8)(q22;q22q22) reveals similarity to t(8;21) AML (2010)

In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), nonrandom clonal chromosome aberrations are detectable in ∼ 55% of adult cases. Translocation t(8;21)(q22;q22) resulting in the 5'RUNX1/3'RUNX1T1 fusion gene occurs in ∼ 8% of AML cases. Also, ins(8;21) and ins(21;8) have been described that show a broad heterogeneity at the molecular level with inserted fragment sizes ranging from 2.4 to 44 Mb. Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (arrayCGH) in 49 intermediate-risk AML and RT-PCR-based screening in 532 AML cases allowed the detection of ins(21;8)/ins(8;21) in three cases; arrayCGH and subsequent RT-PCR revealed an ∼ 0.5 Mb sized inserted fragment generating the 5'RUNX1/3'RUNX1T1 fusion gene in one case with a submicroscopic ins(21;8)(q22;q22q22) whereas the other two cases were identified by banding analysis and RT-PCR, respectively. Gene expression profiling (GEP) and a detailed review of the literature highlighted similar biological features of AML cases with ins(21;8)/ins(8;21) and t(8;21)(q22;q22). Our study demonstrates the potential of high-resolution array-based analysis and GEP and provides further evidence that AML with insertions generating the 5'RUNX1/3'RUNX1T1 fusion not only biologically resemble the t(8;21)(q22;q22) AML subgroup, but might also share its prognostically favorable clinical behavior. Thus, similar treatment options should be considered in these patients.
Cross Metathesis with Strained Exocyclic Enones:  Synthesis of 3-Alkylideneoxetan-2-ones from 3-Methyleneoxetan-2-ones (2006)

[reaction: see text] 3-Alkylideneoxetan-2-ones have been prepared in good to excellent yields with high Z-selectivity by olefin cross metathesis with 3-methyleneoxetan-2-ones in the presence of second generation metathesis catalysts 1 or 2.
Continuous Commissioning ® of an Office/Laboratory Building (2005)

Initialimplementation of Continuous Commissioning (CC ) measures in Building 6585, the Technology Support Center at Sandia National Laboratory, was conducted during February and March, 2005.The major measures implemented were reduction of minimum flow settings of VAV boxes as appropriate, correction of an error in the control code that resulted in continuous operation of one AHU, and reduction of static pressure settings on the AHUs.In addition, AHU start times were generally delayed by one to two hours, chilled and hot water secondary loop performance was improved, and the preheat control strategy was changed.Data for heating and electricity consumption were analyzed for approximately four months following implementation of most of the measures, and savings of approximately 127,000 kWh of electricity and 250 MCF of gas were observed.If the savings continue at the same weather adjusted rate for one year, total cost savings will exceed $30,000, or more than 50% of the HVAC energy consumption of the building.