gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of the Oxidation of Ascorbic Acid by the Copper (II) Ion in an Acetate Buffer Solution (1973)

Abstract The kinetics of the oxidation of ascorbic acid by the copper(II) ion has been studied spectrophotometrically by a stopped-flow technique. At pH 4–6, the initial rate of the decrease in the monohydroascorbate anion is of the second-order with respect to the total concentration of the copper(II) ion and of the first-order with respect to the concentrations of the monovalent and divalent ions of ascorbic acid: -(d[HA^-]/dt)_t=0=k_1[Cu(II)]_T^2[HA^-]+k_2[Cu(II)]_T^2[A^2-] where HA− and A2− are the monovalent and divalent ions of ascorbic acid respectively. k1, k2, and the activation parameters are obtained as follows: k1=3.1×104, k2=6.1×1010 M−2 s−1, ΔH\eweq=17 kcal/mol, ΔS\eweq=8.3 cal/deg mol, and ΔG\eweq=15 kcal/mol. The EPR signal from the ascorbate radical is not observed in the kinetic run by either a flow technique or a quenching technique. Some discussions of the mechanism of the reaction are given.
Accommodation and Phoria in Children Wearing Multifocal Contact Lenses (2016)

Children wearing multifocal contact lenses exhibited reduced accommodative responses and more exophoria at increasingly higher accommodative demands than with single vision contact lenses. This suggests that children may be relaxing their accommodation and using the positive addition or increased depth of focus from added spherical aberration of the multifocals. Further studies are needed to evaluate other lens designs, different amounts of positive addition and aberrations, and long-term adaptation to lenses.
Adults with dementia can appropriately engage in a strengthening exercise program (2012)

Background/rationale: A group-based exercise program has the potential to promote physical, psychological, and social health of participants. This study intended to document that an exercise intervention, designed for delivery and achievability in dementia care centers, could effectively engage participants with dementia.Methods: An exercise program for residents of two dementia care facilities was designed and implemented. The centers’ activity directors led the programs three times per week for 12 weeks. Using a modified protocol of the Menorah Park Engagement Scale and a quantitative assessment of participants’ accurate performance of exercises, participants’ (n = 17) overall engagement in the prescribed exercise routine were evaluated.Results: Results indicated that nearly all participants were constructively engaged and appropriately performed exercises through the entirety of each session.Conclusions: Individuals with dementia retain the capability to constructively and appropriately participate in a group-based strengthening exercise intervention. The intervention can be readily replicated at facilities serving adults with dementia.
Microwaves and Wireless Simplified (1997)

Introduction. Microwave Applications. Transmission Lines. Microwave Components. Solid State Devices. Microwave Materials.
Nitrido Complexes of Transition Metals (1992)

Abstract In the past decade new syntheses and numerous structural determinations have enlivened studies in the still relatively young field of nitrido‐transition‐metal complexes. Aside from the terminal function of the nitrido ligand MN:, this group also occurs as linear μ 2 ‐bridging ligand in symmetric and asymmetric coordination; examples are known with almost right‐angled bridge function; and, finally, it also functions as μ 3 ‐bridging ligand. Accordingly, the fresh impulses given to synthetic chemistry by nitrido complexes are also many‐sided: such complexes are used, inter alia, for the preparation of phosphaniminato and thionitrosyl complexes as well as for the synthesis of metallaheterocycles of the type MN 3 S 2 and MN 3 P 2 with delocalized π‐systems. In technetium chemistry complexes with terminal nitrido group are employed as radiopharmaceuticals, and, owing to the strong trans influence of the MN: group, nitrido complexes of molybdenum are suitable as catalysts in olefin metathesis. Finally, nitrido complexes are also of wide interest in theoretical studies.
Evaluation of tenderness in prawns (<i>Machrobrachium rosenbergii</i>) marinated in various salt and acid solutions (2002)

Abstract Freshly harvested prawns (Machrobrachium rosenbergii), with shell removed, were marinated in salt (NaCl, CaCl2) and acid (lemon juice, citric acid, tripolyphosphate) solutions to determine the effects of marination on properties related to the texture of raw and cooked muscle. Sodium chloride and citrate solutions (pH 7.0) slightly increased (P &lt; 0.05) the tenderness of cooked prawn, when compared with water-marination control. Tripolyphosphate (pH 7.0) showed no effect, while CaCl2 (pH 7.0), citric acid (pH 3.0), and lemon juice (pH 3.0) increased (P &lt; 0.05) the muscle toughness. The decrease of meat tenderness by some of the marinade treatments was attributed to decreases in protein solubility during marination and to cooking losses.
Cyclization of ylidenemalononitriles. X. Synthesis of benzazapropellane derivatives from α‐Cyano‐β‐chloroalkylcinnamonitriles (1977)

Abstract The reaction of nucleophilic and non‐nucleophilic bases wtih 2‐carbamoyl‐3‐(γ‐chloropropyl)‐1‐indenone ( 5 ) have been investigated. Condensation of γ‐chlorobutyrophenone with malono‐nitrile afforded α‐cyano‐β‐(3‐ehloropropyl)cinnamonitrile which was cyclized in concentrated sulfurie acid to produce 5 . Two other products obtained from the cyclization reaction were 2‐carbamoyl‐3‐(γ‐ehloropropylidene)‐1‐indanone ( 4 ) and α‐carbamoyl‐β‐(3‐chloropropyl)cinnam‐amide. Treatment of a solution of 4 in ethyl acetate with piperidine resulted in cyclization of the γ‐chloropropyl side chain to give 2‐carbamoyl‐3‐cycIopropyl‐1‐indanone. The same compound was obtained in improved yield by the treatment of 4 or 5 with sodium hydroxide solution. The reaction of dirnethylamine with 5 in benzene gave initial Michael addition of the amine followed by internal alkylation of the carbanion so formed to yield 3a‐dimethylamino‐2,3,3a,8‐tetrahydro‐8‐oxoeyclopent[ a ]indene‐8a(l H )earboxamide ( 7a ). Similarly addition of ammonia, pyrrolidine, piperidine, benzenethiol, p ‐toluenethiol, 2‐naphthalenethiol and nitromethane to the indenone I gave respective analogs of type 7 . Treatment of 5 with sodium cyanide in aqueous t ‐butyl alcohol resulted in a similar Michael addition followed by internal alkylation. In addition, cyclization between the nitrile and the carbamoyl functions occurred in the same step to give 2‐oxo‐4‐imino‐7,8‐benzo‐3‐aza[3.3.3]‐propellan‐6‐one ( 13a ). Hydrolysis of the iminopyrrolido ring in 13a to the corresponding suecin‐irnide gave 2,4‐dioxo‐7,8‐benzo‐3‐aza[3.3.3]propellan‐6‐one ( 13b ). Reactión of 13b with methyl iodide, allyl bromide, benzyl bromide, and diethyluminoethyl chloride afforded the corresponding N ‐alkylated products. A similar sequence starling with δ‐ehlorovalerophenone led to 5,6‐fused ring systems, including a [4.3.3]propellane. 2,9‐Dioxo‐4‐methyl‐7,8‐benzo‐3‐aza[4.3.3]propell‐4‐ene was obtained by the reaction of 5 with acetone in dilute alkali.
Inhibition of ecological emergence of mutans streptococci naturally transmitted between rats and consequent caries inhibition by Streptococcus salivarius TOVE-R infection (1985)

The ability of Streptococcus salivarius strain TOVE-R to inhibit the ecological emergence of virulent representatives of the most prevalent human mutans streptococci on the teeth of specific pathogen-free Osborne-Mendel rats was studied. Rats which were infected by TOVE-R, or either S. mutans 10449S or S. sobrinus 6715-13WT, or uninfected were transiently co-caged so as to allow natural fecal transfer of organisms due to coprophagy. The infectants were differentially recovered from swabs of the teeth over the time course of the experiments and from sonified teeth at termination. Data were expressed on both relative (percentage) and absolute (CFU) bases. Initial oral colonization of rats by TOVE-R inhibited the ecological emergence of fecally transmitted S. mutans 10449S and S. sobrinus 6715-13WT. There was a generally inverse relationship between the percentages and absolute numbers of TOVE-R and the mutans streptococci on the teeth, which strongly suggested their competition for tooth sites. Absolute numbers of total recoverable flora from the teeth upon sonification were correlated with caries scores, thus suggesting that total recoverable flora counts substantially reflect cavitation status. TOVE-R itself induced no apparent caries activity and its transmission to rats already infected by 10449S or its colonization of rats before 10449S infection inhibition caries induction by this S. mutans strain; similar anticaries effects were not statistically significant for TOVE-R against 6715-13WT in these experiments. These data on the inhibition of the ecological emergence of the mutans streptococci supplement the already reported ability of TOVE-R to preempt initial colonization of teeth and partially displace the colonization of teeth by the mutans streptococci.
A Pi-Calculus Based Approach to Software Composition (1999)

Present-day applications are increasingly required to be flexible, or open in a variety of ways. By flexibility we mean that these applications have to be portable (to different hardware and software platforms), interoperable (with other applications), extendible (to new functionality), configurable (to individual users' or clients' needs), and maintainable. These kinds of flexibility are currently best supported by component-oriented software technology: components, by means of abstraction, support portability, interoperability, and maintainability. Extendibility and configurability are supported by different forms of binding technology, or glue: application parts, or even whole applications can be created by composing software components; applications stay flexible by allowing components to be replaced or reconfigured, possibly at runtime. This thesis develops a formal language for software composition that is based on the Pi-calculus. More precisely, we present the L-calculus, a variant of the Pi-calculus in which agents communicate by passing extensible, labeled records, or so-called forms, rather than tuples. This approach makes it much easier to model compositional abstractions than it is possible in the plain Pi-calculus, since the contents of communication are now independent of position, agents are more naturally polymorphic since communication forms can be easily extended, and environmental arguments can be passed implicitly. The L-calculus is developed in three stages: (i) we analyse whether the Pi-calculus is suitable to model composition abstractions, (ii) driven by the insights we got using the Pi-calculus, we de ne a new calculus that has better support for software composition (e.g., provides support for inherently extensible software construction), and (iii), we de ne a first-order type system with subtype polymorphism and sound record concatenation that allows us to check statically an agent system in order to prevent the occurrences of run-time errors. We conclude with defining a first Java-based composition system and Piccola, a prototype composition language based on the L-calculus. The composition system provides support for integrating arbitrary compositional abstractions using both Piccola and standard bridging technologies like RMI and CORBA. Furthermore, the composition systems maintains a composition library that provides components in a uniform way.
Predictive, preventive and personalised medicine for age-related macular degeneration (2010)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an ophthalmologic disease which usually affects older adults and represents the leading cause of legal blindness in Europe and the United States of America. The pathogenesis of AMD is complex and, nowadays, the treatments are targeting more the late form of the disease. Age and genetic make-up are the most important risk factors identified to date. There are undoubtedly environmental and other risk factors involved and the adverse effect of smoking is well established. New treatments for AMD have emerged with improved prognostic outcome. This remarkable advances in our understanding of the genetic and biological foundations of this disease were derived from a recent convergence of scientific and clinical data. In the near future we will have several therapeutic options for treatment of AMD at different stages and therefore personalising more and more the treatment.
Studies on D-Glucose-isomerizing Enzyme from Bacillus coagulans, Strain HN-68 (1971)

A functional role of Co2+ and Mn2+ in the D-glucose-and D-xylose-isomerizing reactions by D-glucose-isomerizing enzyme obtained from the cells of Bacillus coagulans, strain HN-68 was investigated.
Methodology for Perceptual Assessment of Speech in Patients with Cleft Palate: A Critical Review of the Literature (2004)

The majority of articles (76) were published in the Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, with an increase in articles during the 1990s and 2000. Information about measures or variables was clearly given in all articles. However, the review raises several major concerns regarding method for collection and documentation of data and method for measurement. The most distressing findings were the use of a cross-sectional design in studies of few patients with large age ranges and different types of clefts, the use of highly variable speech samples, and the lack of information about listeners and on reliability. It is hoped that ongoing national and international collaborative efforts to standardize procedures for collection and analysis of perceptual data will help to eliminate such concerns and thus make comparison of published results possible in the future.
3D structural model of the G‐protein‐coupled cannabinoid CB<sub>2</sub> receptor (2003)

The potential for therapeutic specificity in regulating diseases and for reduced side effects has made cannabinoid (CB) receptors one of the most important G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) targets for drug discovery. The cannabinoid (CB) receptor subtype CB2 is of particular interest due to its involvement in signal transduction in the immune system and its increased characterization by mutational and other studies. However, our understanding of their mode of action has been limited by the absence of an experimental receptor structure. In this study, we have developed a 3D model of the CB2 receptor based on the recent crystal structure of a related GPCR, bovine rhodopsin. The model was developed using multiple sequence alignment of homologous receptor sub-types in humans and mammals, and compared with other GPCRs. Alignments were analyzed with mutation scores, pairwise hydrophobicity profiles and Kyte-Doolittle plots. The 3D model of the transmembrane segment was generated by mapping the CB2 sequence onto the homologous residues of the rhodopsin structure. The extra- and intracellular loop regions of the CB2 were generated by searching for homologous C(alpha) backbone sequences in published structures in the Brookhaven Protein Databank (PDB). Residue side chains were positioned through a combination of rotamer library searches, simulated annealing and minimization. Intermediate models of the 7TM helix bundles were analyzed in terms of helix tilt angles, hydrogen-bond networks, conserved residues and motifs, possible disulfide bonds. The amphipathic cytoplasmic helix domain was also correlated with biological and site-directed mutagenesis data. Finally, the model receptor-binding cavity was characterized using solvent-accessible surface approach.
Prediction of transient loading on a propeller from an approching ice block (1970)

An unsteady 3D surface panel method has been developed to predict hydrodynamic load fluctuations on an ice class propeller induced by continuous variation of proximity to an ice block. The low order, time domain, combined doublet and source panel method approximates the doublet and source distribution uniformly over each panel on the propeller blades. For non-lifting bodies, i.e., the hub and ice block, only sources are distributed over the body surfaces. The simulation model is contrived in such a manner that the ice block and surrounding fluid remain stationary; and at each time step, the propeller rotates and advances forward in the inertial reference frame. This numerical model is validated with previous fixed-proximity experimental measurements and good agreement is obtained. Prediction of the fluctuating hydrodynamic load is carried out as a full dynamic interaction between the ice block and the propeller. Results for this study are compared with previous fixed-proximity numerical models and experiments. The new dynamic model establishes a basis for analysis of a more realistic fluid-structure interaction, which could, in the future, include ice block acceleration due to suction force and ice block impact loading on the propeller blade and shaft. Keywords: Marine Propulsion, Panel Methods, Unsteady Loading, Ice-Propeller Interaction doi: 10.3329/jname.v2i1.2026 Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering 2(1)(2005) 15-20
Using Wikipedia technology for topic maps design (2007)

In this paper we present a method for automatically generating collection of topics from Wikipedia/Wikibooks based on user input. The constructed collection is intended to be displayed through an intuitive interface as assistance to the user creating Topic Maps for a given subject. We discuss the motivation behind the developed tool and outline the technique used for crawling and collecting relevant concepts from Wikipedia/Wikibooks and for building the topic structure to be output to the user.
Effect of Several Levels of Furazolidone in Swine Rations (1958)

Two trials were conducted with weanling Duroc pigs to compare 5, 7.5, 10, 15, and 50 gm. levels of Furoxone (furazolidone) per ton of feed to a recommended level of chlortetracycline and a non-medicinal negative control. The results showed: Pigs fed Furoxone at several levels made slightly greater average daily gains than negative controls, but the differences failed to show statistical significance at the 5% level of probability. In the first trial, pigs which received either 10 or 15 gm. of Furoxone in their ration, made slightly higher average daily gains than pigs receiving chlortetracycline, but in the second trial, the latter group made the highest average daily gain and required less feed for each pound of gain in weight than did pigs receiving several levels of Furoxone; however, none of the differences were significant at the 5% level. The several levels of Furoxone fed in these trials failed to increase the feed efficiency consistently at all levels.
Design of a Virtual Automatic Test System of the Missile Autopilot (2014)

To improve the test speed and efficiency, a virtual automatic test system of missile autopilot is designed. The inbuilt computer is used as the core of the system; the modularization instrument bus standard which composed of the PXI card, the programmable instrument and other advanced test techniques is adopted. The automation test device hardware facility is used in the virtual automatic test system; the pilot mechanism fault analysis software is developed, so the faults of the missile autopilot can be located faster and more accurate. The virtual automatic test system can be used to test the current parameters, special capability and the function of the electronic parts among the missile weapon system.
Simultaneous Optimization of Multiple Responses Represented by Polynomial Regression Functions (1981)

An algorithm is developed for the simultaneous optimization of several response functions that depend on the same set of controllable variables and are adequately represented by polynomial regression models of the same degree. The data are first checked for linear dependencies among the responses. If such dependencies exist, a basic set of responses among which no linear functional relationships exist is chosen and used in developing a function that measures the distance of the vector of estimated responses from the estimated “ideal” optimum. This distance function permits the user to account for the variances and covariances of the estimated responses and for the random error variation associated with the estimated ideal optimum. Suitable operating conditions for the simultaneous optimization of the responses are specified by minimizing the prescribed distance function over the experimental region. An extension of the optimization procedure to mixture experiments is also given and the method is illustrated by two examples.
Mismatch repair provides a security patch for translesion synthesis (2015)

[Tsaalbi-Shtylik et al.][1] reveal that DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins suppress UV-induced mutagenesis by removing nucleotides introduced by error-prone DNA polymerases.

The MMR pathway is best known for its role in correcting the rare mistakes of replicative DNA polymerases. However, the MMR
Public Innovators and Entrepreneurship in the Public Sector (2006)

Self‐confidence, creativity and a sense of urgency are not characteristics normally associated with public sector workers. But these are the entrepreneurial traits that must be encouraged if public services are to undergo the dramatic improvements that are now called for.
Surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectra of adriamycin, 11-deoxycarminomycin, their model chromophores, and their complexes with DNA (1986)

The surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectra on Ag sols of adriamycin, 11-deoxycarminomycin, their model chromophores 1,4- and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinones, and their complexes with DNA were measured. The well-detailed spectra allowed us to obtain, by the combined analysis in terms of symmetry and pseudosymmetry, a nearly complete vibrational assignment of the resonance Raman active modes. The spectral perturbations induced by the adsorption of the compounds onto the Ag particles, by comparison with their resonance Raman spectra in solution, were explained in terms of interaction between one C=O⋯H-O group of the chromophore and the silver surface. The intensity reduction of some bands associated with the HOCCC=O groups observed in the drug/DNA complexes was interpreted in terms of changes between the ground and the excited states of the normal coordinates and/or their equilibrium positions. The inferred structures of the complexes were found to be consistent with intercalation between daunorubicin and the DNA fragment d(CpGpTpApCpG) already obtained from X-ray measurements.
Local interface composition and extended defect density in ZnSe/GaAs(001) and ZnSe/In0.04Ga0.96As(001) heterojunctions (1997)

We have recently shown that in II–VI/III–V heterojunctions and related devices fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy, the II/VI flux ratio employed during the early stages of II–VI growth can be used to control the local interface composition and the band alignment. Here we demonstrate that the local interface composition in pseudomorphic, strained ZnSe/GaAs(001) heterostructures as well as lattice-matched ZnSe/In0.04Ga0.96As(001) heterostructures also have a dramatic effect on the nucleation of native stacking fault defects. Such extended defects have been associated with the early degradation of blue-green lasers. We found, in particular, that Se-rich interfaces consistently exhibited a density of Shockley stacking fault pairs below our detection limit and three to four orders of magnitude lower than those encountered at interfaces fabricated in Zn-rich conditions.