gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced Architectures for 0.18-0.12μm CMOS Generations (1996)

This paper attempts to answer the question of why we should deviate from the scaling theory by accepting some new device architectures, and the reason for this, within the frame of 0.18-0.12μm generations. Next we analyze theoretically and experimentally the advantages and disadvantages of a certain number of advanced device architectures such as: GP (ground plane), heterostructures, mid-gap gate etc. Implementation of these concepts within the CMOS process is discussed. Concerning the technological development of these architectures, GRESSI experiments with 0.18μm gate length (drawn) MOSFETs are reported and analyzed with respect to such technologies as : (i) - heavy ion implantation leading to RCP (retrograde channel profiles, a first order approximation of GP), (ii)) - heavy ion implants followed by intrinsic Si epitaxy, approaching more closely an ideal PSD (pulse shape doping) and therefore taking better advantage of the GP principle, (iii) - strained Si channels, (iv) - SiGe epi channels with 15% and 30% Gefraction, (v) - poly SiGe gate. All these architectures are compared with reference to conventional B/Ph implanted devices. Conclusions are drawn for the future device architecture orientations.
One tube with eight antibodies for 14‐part bone marrow leukocyte differential using flow cytometry (2016)

A very simple, rapid, and reproducible flow cytometric approach, using a combination of eight antibodies allows determination of the cellular composition of bone marrow with high precision. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
[The effect of iontophoresis on accelerating orthodontic tooth movement] (1993)

This paper reported that acceleration of tooth movement can be gained by submucosal injection of some kind of medicine.To avoid the pain caused by the injection,conventional drug administration was ameliorated in this study by adopting the method of ionophoresis rabibits were divided into 2 groups and the standard otthodontic appliances were placed in the lower incisors of all animals.The 2 groups were separately recieved submucosal iontophoresis and injection of 0.9% NaCl which served as control.The result showed that animals with iontophoresis,in whose periodontal pression side more osteoclasts were observed histologically,had gained rapider tooth movement than those with injections.
Two-Dimensional Layout Migration by Soft Constraint Satisfaction (2005)

Layout migration has re-emerged as an important task due to the increasing use of library hard intellectual properties. While recent advances of migration tools have accommodated new metrics, the underlying engine is based on the one-dimensional (1D) layout compaction algorithm, largely due to its efficiency compared to its two-dimensional (2D) counterpart. In this paper, we propose a new method that can overcome the artificial constraints introduced by the 1D compaction algorithm, thereby effectively achieving the quality of 2D compaction yet keeping the computational cost almost as low as 1D compaction. Our method is based on the application of soft constraints, or artificial constraints that are initially relaxed, and gradually tightened to be satisfied. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by successfully solving the difficult 1D compaction instances we found in the migration of the Berkeley low power library, originally developed for 1.2 /spl mu/m MOSIS process, into TSMC 0.25 /spl mu/m and 0.18 /spl mu/m technology.
Bases and Basic Materials in Chemical and Environmental Processes. Liquid versus Solid Basicity (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTBases and Basic Materials in Chemical and Environmental Processes. Liquid versus Solid BasicityGuido Busca*View Author Information Laboratorio di Chimica delle Superfici e Catalisi Industriale, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica e di Processo "G.B. Bonino", The University of Genova, P.le Kennedy I-16129 Genova, Italy* Phone int: −39-010-3536024. Fax int: −39-010-3536028. E-mail: [email protected].Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 4, 2217–2249Publication Date (Web):February 12, 2010Publication History Received11 March 2009Published online12 February 2010Published inissue 14 April 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9000989https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9000989review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6364Altmetric-Citations178LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Basicity,Catalysts,Cations,Oxides Get e-Alerts
Structure of Solvent-Free Nanoparticle−Organic Hybrid Materials (2010)

We derive the radial distribution function and the static structure factor for the particles in model nanoparticle-organic hybrid materials composed of nanoparticles and attached oligomeric chains in the absence of an intervening solvent. The assumption that the oligomers form an incompressible fluid of bead-chains attached to the particles that is at equilibrium for a given particle configuration allows us to apply a density functional theory for determining the equilibrium configuration of oligomers as well as the distribution function of the particles. A quasi-analytic solution is facilitated by a regular perturbation analysis valid when the oligomer radius of gyration R(g) is much greater than the particle radius a. The results show that the constraint that each particle carries its own share of the fluid attached to itself yields a static structure factor that approaches zero as the wavenumber approaches zero. This result indicates that each particle excludes exactly one other particle from its neighborhood.
From Bivariate to Multivariate Analysis of Cytometric Data: Overview of Computational Methods and Their Application in Vaccination Studies (2020)

Flow and mass cytometry are used to quantify the expression of multiple extracellular or intracellular molecules on single cells, allowing the phenotypic and functional characterization of complex cell populations. Multiparametric flow cytometry is particularly suitable for deep analysis of immune responses after vaccination, as it allows to measure the frequency, the phenotype, and the functional features of antigen-specific cells. When many parameters are investigated simultaneously, it is not feasible to analyze all the possible bi-dimensional combinations of marker expression with classical manual analysis and the adoption of advanced automated tools to process and analyze high-dimensional data sets becomes necessary. In recent years, the development of many tools for the automated analysis of multiparametric cytometry data has been reported, with an increasing record of publications starting from 2014. However, the use of these tools has been preferentially restricted to bioinformaticians, while few of them are routinely employed by the biomedical community. Filling the gap between algorithms developers and final users is fundamental for exploiting the advantages of computational tools in the analysis of cytometry data. The potentialities of automated analyses range from the improvement of the data quality in the pre-processing steps up to the unbiased, data-driven examination of complex datasets using a variety of algorithms based on different approaches. In this review, an overview of the automated analysis pipeline is provided, spanning from the pre-processing phase to the automated population analysis. Analysis based on computational tools might overcame both the subjectivity of manual gating and the operator-biased exploration of expected populations. Examples of applications of automated tools that have successfully improved the characterization of different cell populations in vaccination studies are also presented.
Vascular Sodium—Potassium Pump Activity in Various Models of Experimental Hypertension (1980)

1. Ouabain-sensitive 86Rb uptake was used to assess sodium-potassium pump activity in vascular smooth muscle of animals with various types of experimental hypertension. 2. The findings suggest that pump activity is suppressed in the non-genetic low renin, presumably volume-expanded forms of hypertension. 3. By contrast, pump suppression does not appear to be involved in spontaneously hypertensive rats or in salt-induced hypertension in Dahl's salt-sensitive rats. In these genetic models the primary defect may be increased cell membrane permeability.
Optimal release time during airway pressure release ventilation in neonatal sheep (1994)

In this neonatal laboratory model, release times that were much shorter than previously reported maintained clinically acceptable oxygenation and ventilation. The optimal duration of the release time is a function of the time constant of the respiratory system. During airway pressure release ventilation, alveolar ventilation was maintained without apparent lung volume loss with release times of between 4 tau and 10 tau.
Minimum cuts, modular functions, and matroid polyhedra (1985)

Abstract The minimum cut problem is a well‐solved special case of submodular function minimization. We show that it is in fact equivalent to minimizing a modular function over a ring family. One‐half of this equivalence follows from classical work of Rhys and Picard. We give a number of applications to testing membership in special kinds of matroid polyhedra.
From the Webbs to Scullin: The Appearance of Industrial Relations as a Branch of Knowledge in Australia (1993)

Coined in the UK in the 1880s and achieving widespread currency in the USA by the second decade of the new century, the concept of industrial relations was introduced in Australia during the 1920s. It gained acceptance as an umbrella term denoting a range of policies and strategies in the field of labour capital relations which came to be created and administered by an identifiable network of experts although its usage was not as common as elsewhere in the Anglophone world. An industrial relations 'community' appeared in the 1920s as initiatives for the 'reform' of industrial relations accelerated the professionalisation of labour handling and at the same time stimulated the demand for learned comment on labour problems.1 A noticeable increase in 'industrial relations' as an area of intellectual production in Australia occurred in the 1920s with the appearance of quasi specialist writers on the topic catering for an audience and patronage network among public servants, politi cians, businessmen and the social science community in general. The use of the concept of industrial relations grew out of the need to synthesise knowledge of new develop ments in the organisation and handling of labour. It served as a brand label for a never rigourously defined field of labour studies and practice imported from the United States and Great Britain and first appearing in Progressive and Fabian circles. Without an a priori and abstract schema of contents, the industrial relations field was based on three broad approaches: a focus on worker organisations both of the trade union and more informal factory council type, pluralist concern with industrial equity and the protection of manual workers, and a reformist agenda designed to strengthen worker organisations and to limit employer prerogatives but not to abolish them. In Australia, the acclimatisation of 'industrial relations' was associated with the industrial council
Satellite Attitude From a Single GPS Antenna (1993)

The motion of an unpropelled satellite in orbit is
predictable to a high degree of accuracy, and so
enables effective filtering of GPS navigation data
received, both in terms of position and attitude. The
experimental GPS Navigation Unit on the PoSAT
microsatellite offers a novel opportunity for the
implementation of such real-time data filtering. The
dual transputer system offers a powerful space borne
parallel processing host for the GPS receiver.
Following the launch in September 1993, it will be
possible to upload the data processing algorithms to
the PoSAT Navigation Unit to enable comparisons of
simulations and real results.
An eight-state Extended Kalman Filter has been
developed which will accept pseudoranges and
Doppler shifts from the GPS satellites as observables
and maintain an accurate orbit model in real time.
This will directly benefit the GPS experiment on
PoSAT by providing the microsatellite’s position when
GPS satellites are lost, or even when the GPS receiver
is switched off.
This paper describes how the Kalman filter was
extended to 15 states to include attitude information
from the GPS receiver. Although the receiver has only
one antenna on PoSAT, it is still possible to derive
limited attitude information from the antenna gain
pattern and the signal cut-off effects. The simulation
results are presented together with predictions for the
practical application to PoSAT data. Future UoSAT
microsatellite missions will contain a full GPS attitude
determination facility within the Navigation Unit,
based on the filtered measurements received from
multiple GPS antennas.
Measures of Balance and Fear of Falling in the Elderly (1999)

Objective. The purpose of this study was to review, compare, and contrast the five most frequently cited scales of balance (Performance Oriented Assessment of Balance, 'Get Up and Go,' Berg Balance Scale, Functional Reach) and Falls Efficacy (Falls Efficacy Scale) with the intent of assisting clinicians in the process of selecting an appropriate instrument for use with older adults in a clinical or research setting.Method. A search of the literature was conducted through MED-LINE for the years 1986-1996. Scales were reviewed based on six selected criteria: purpose of the scale, target population, scale reliability and validity, ease of use, mode and time needed for administration and scoring, and clinical usefulness for practitioners.Results. The Get Up and Go Test (GUGT) and the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) were identified as screening tools, while the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Performance Oriented Assessment of Balance (POAB), and the Functional Reach test (FR) were suggested for more in-depth evaluation. A summary of the information reached on each scale was compiled into several tables. Implications for use by practitioners are summarized.Conclusion. A summary of the five most frequently cited scales of balance in the literature may help clinicians in selecting an appropriate scale for use with patients or clinical research studies.
A short form of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (2009)

A short form of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-SF) is described. A sample of 1351 adults who had completed the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) in previous studies provided the basis for item selection. The resulting 10-item form includes two items from each of the five subscales of the original PTGI, selected on the basis of loadings on the original factors and breadth of item content. A separate sample of 186 completed the short form of the scale (PTGI-SF). Confirmatory factor analyses on both data sets demonstrated a five-factor structure for the PTGI-short form (PTGI-SF) equivalent to that of the PTGI. Three studies of homogenous clinical samples (bereaved parents, intimate partner violence victims, and acute leukemia patients) demonstrated that the PTGI-SF yields relationships with other variables of interest that are equivalent to those found using the original form of the PTGI. A final study demonstrated that administering the 10 short-form items in a random order, rather than in the fixed context of the original scale, did not impact the performance of the PTGI-SF. Overall, these results indicate that the PTGI-SF could be substituted for the PTGI with little loss of information.
Genetics of type 1 diabetes mellitus. (2006)

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is a complex and polygenic disease due to gene-environment interactions. The role of genetic background of diabetes has been extensively investigated. However, final conclusions have not yet been reached. Family and twin studies have shown that genetic factors are important contributors to the genetic risk of the disease. Although more than 18 diabetes-predisposing genes have been reported to date, only the major histocompatibility complex (HLA) region on chromosome 6p21 (IDDM1) and the insulin gene on chromosome 11p15 (IDDM 2) have been conclusively associated with susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. However, it has been shown recently that cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) on chromosome 2q33 (IDDM12) and LYP/PTPN22 on chromosome 1p13 also contribute to the genetic risk of T1DM. The article reviews the recent advances in this field. By identifying new loci or reanalyzing the known ones and with the help of more powerful studies, it is possible in the future to be able to shed more light on the complex field of the genetics of type 1 diabetes and to further understand the pathophysiology of the disease, which will allow us eventually to treat or prevent it.
SV40‐immortalization of rabbit articular chondrocytes: Alteration of differentiated functions (1992)

Cell lines were established from rabbit articular chondrocytes following transfection with a plasmid encoding SV40 early function genes. This resulted in cell immortalization (130 passages have been completed for the oldest cell line) with acquisition of characteristics of partial transformation such as reduced serum requirements for normal and clonal growth. The immortalized chondrocytes, called SVRAC, did not form multilayer foci when maintained in postconfluent culture. Their ability to form colonies in soft agar was not increased in comparison with normal chondrocytes, but they were weakly tumorigenic in nude mice. SVRAC lost the ability to synthesize type II collagen and Alcian blue-stainable matrix, which are markers of the differentiated chondrocyte phenotype, and synthesized predominantly type I collagen. Studies of collagen gene expression showed that pro alpha 1 (II) mRNA was undetectable, whereas pro alpha 1 (I) collagen mRNA was expressed even in late passage cultures. Unlike normal dedifferentiated chondrocytes, SVRAC were unable to re-express the differentiated phenotype in response to tridimensional culture or microfilament depolymerization. Cell lines obtained from chondrocytes transfected either in primary culture or just after release of cells from cartilage displayed the same behaviour. Thus SV40 early genes were able to immortalize rabbit articular chondrocytes, but the resulting cell lines displayed an apparently irreversibly dedifferentiated phenotype. These cell lines can be used as models to identify regulatory pathways that are required for the maintenance or reexpression of differentiated function in chondrocytes.
Photocontrol of Growth and Flowering of Caryopteris (1963)

Piringer, A. A., R. J. Downs, and H. A. Borthwick. (U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, ARS, Belts ville, Md.) Photocontrol of growth and flowering of Caryopteris. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50(1): 86–90. Illus. 1963.—Flower buds were initiated on plants of Caryopteris × clandonensis A. Simmonds (C. incana [Houtt.] Miq. × C. mongholica Bunge) on all photopcriods but developed to anthesis only when daily dark periods exceeded 8 hr. Anthesis occurred in not less than 22 days after the beginning of 11 or more short photoperiods. Treatments with short days could be interrupted by as many as 30 non-inductive long days without significant increase in the minimum number of short days required for anthesis. Anthesis, like floral initiation of many plants, was reversibly controlled by red and far-red radiation acting through phytochrome. The inductive effectiveness of long dark periods was nullified by 1 min of red light or about 1 hr of far red. It was modified by night temperature in the range 45–70.F and filament lengths of stamens were shorter at night temperatures of 60 than at 70 F.
CERES: Distantly Supervised Relation Extraction from the Semi-Structured Web (2018)

The web contains countless semi-structured websites, which can be a rich source of information for populating knowledge bases. Existing methods for extracting relations from the DOM trees of semi-structured webpages can achieve high precision and recall only when manual annotations for each website are available. Although there have been efforts to learn extractors from automatically-generated labels, these methods are not sufficiently robust to succeed in settings with complex schemas and information-rich websites. In this paper we present a new method for automatic extraction from semi-structured websites based on distant supervision. We automatically generate training labels by aligning an existing knowledge base with a web page and leveraging the unique structural characteristics of semi-structured websites. We then train a classifier based on the potentially noisy and incomplete labels to predict new relation instances. Our method can compete with annotation-based techniques in the literature in terms of extraction quality. A large-scale experiment on over 400,000 pages from dozens of multi-lingual long-tail websites harvested 1.25 million facts at a precision of 90%.
Chemistry and Light (1994)

This text provides a concise introduction to all aspects of light-induced processes in chemistry, physics and biology, as well as in medicine and industry. It is up to date with the latest advances in the field, in particular the probing of the fastest light-induced reactions on picosecond and femtosecond time scales, and is based on the photochemistry and photophysics degree course devised by the author. Chemistry and Light is a must for final year undergraduates, as well as for post-graduate students. It will prove extremely useful for teachers in the preparation of courses and seminars and will provide essential background information for industrial chemists, in one complete source. The book reflects the enthusiasm the author has for his subject, as well as his talent for clear description. Chemistry and Light will be welcomed by students and research workers alike.