gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Studies of the “Least Stable Waveworm.” (1961)

The “least stable waveform” of a finite amplitude wave is that in which the maximum pressure gradient is in the trailing edge of the wave. It can be formed by reflecting a distorted finite amplitude wave from a resilient boundary. By using a pulse technique, the increase of distortion of a finite amplitude wave, and then on reflection from a resilient boundary, the decrease of distortion, are shown. The effects of resilient and rigid boundaries on the diffraction of light by standing ultrasonic waves are demonstrated. For comparison, diffraction patterns for finite amplitude progressive waves are shown. (This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research.)
Doping-enhanced radiative efficiency enables lasing in unpassivated GaAs nanowires (2016)

Nanolasers hold promise for applications including integrated photonics, on-chip optical interconnects and optical sensing. Key to the realization of current cavity designs is the use of nanomaterials combining high gain with high radiative efficiency. Until now, efforts to enhance the performance of semiconductor nanomaterials have focused on reducing the rate of non-radiative recombination through improvements to material quality and complex passivation schemes. Here we employ controlled impurity doping to increase the rate of radiative recombination. This unique approach enables us to improve the radiative efficiency of unpassivated GaAs nanowires by a factor of several hundred times while also increasing differential gain and reducing the transparency carrier density. In this way, we demonstrate lasing from a nanomaterial that combines high radiative efficiency with a picosecond carrier lifetime ready for high speed applications.
Spectroscopic and Optical Characterization of a Series of Azobenzene-Containing Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers (2000)

A series of azobenzene-containing side chain liquid crystalline polymers with various spacer lengths (pXMAN, where X, the number of methylene units, varies from 4 to 12) have been synthesized and characterized. Phases and aggregation have been studied by UV−visible spectroscopy as a function of temperature. Polarized spectra were measured before and after irradiation with a resonant pump light at 488 nm. The annealing process on polymers with short spacers (p4MAN−p8MAN) induces a hypsochromic shift while, for longer spacers (p9MAN−p12MAN), it induces a large bathochromic shift. These effects may be due to the strong dipolar interaction and interdigitation of the side chain chromophores in an antiparallel orientation. The irradiation of such organized films with either circularly or linearly polarized light induces a bathochromic shift by breaking the antiparallel organization. This is a consequence of the angular reorientation of the azobenzene moieties as a result of trans−cis photoisomerization. To estimate the orientation of the side chain azobenzene photoactive group, of the aliphatic spacer and of the main chain, linear dichroism in the infrared spectral range was measured using the polarization-modulation technique with in situ irradiation. From these experiments, a high and stable value of photoinduced linear dichroism reveals a strong interaction and self-organization of azobenzene side chain molecules during the relaxation process. The anisotropic reorientation of the polymer main chain and of the spacer is small when compared to the reorientation of the azobenzene side chains, which become perpendicular to the linearly polarized pump beam. Additional birefringence measurements were carried out with in situ irradiation followed by a relaxation cycle for the whole series of polymers in various phases. The stability and the rate of the induced birefringence depend on the initial degree of organization within the thin film and on its thermal history. It is noteworthy that annealing can lead to a significant improvement of the birefringence level (+44%). The results obtained on photoinduced orientation and phase organization are correlated with the polymer properties.
<title>Developments In The Use Of Image Intensifiers In Cineradiography</title> (1979)

At the 12th Congress in 1976 a paper was 1'resented describ-ing a system. for cineradiography with continuous x-ray sources, which made use of a gated intensifier tube and a rotating prism high-speed. camera. The system has been further developed, and put to practical use in recording of passage of shot from a gun, pouring of castings, deformations in pneumatic tyres and penetration of materials by projectiles.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
TREATMENT AND PROBLEMS OF AGED PATIENTS OVER 80 YEARS OLD WITH GASTRIC CANCER (1993)

Among patients with gastric cancer experienced at the department from January 1980 to December 1991, 30 patients over 80 years of age were subjected to this retrospective study. Macroscopic findings showed that half of their cancers were located in the upper part of the stomach, and over 70% of the cancers were tumorous or expanding types (Bormann type 2 or 3). Histologic findings indicated that 80% of the cancers were well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas, and lymph node metastasis was mostly limited in the local area (n0 or n1). The aged patients had multiple dysfunctions in the preoperative examinations shown by ECG, respiratory function, PSP test, serum protein and hematocrit, and postoperative complications including anastomotic leakage, stenosis and respiratory complications frequently occurred compared to the younger patients under 80 years of age. The long-term prognosis was not significantly lower than younger patients in 5 years after the operation, if the curative operation could be done. In the treatment of aged patients with gastric cancer, we strive for curative resection with R2 lymph node dissection basically, however, the avoidance of postoperative complication by diminished operation with R1 or R0 is important for patients whose preoperative examinations indicate multiple organ dysfunction.
Drug‐induced Brugada syndrome (2013)

Abstract Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited cardiac disorder that is associated with an electrocardiogram pattern of ST segment elevation on right precordial leads and a high incidence of sudden death. Diagnosis requires documentation of a coved‐type ST segment that occurs spontaneously or in the presence of a class IA or IC antiarrhythmic agent. A wide variety of other drugs, including antianginals, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and antihistamines, have been reported to unmask or induce the electrocardiographic and arrhythmic manifestations of BrS. This review focuses on drug‐induced BrS phenotypes, prevalence, and underlying mechanisms.
[Randomized control study on domestic fixed-dose combinations in the initial treatment of smears positive tuberculosis]. (2004)

To explore the feasibility of domestic fixed-dose combinations as antituberculosis therapy applied in the National Tuberculosis Program.A randomized control trial was conducted and 422 smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients were randomly distributed into 2 groups. The trial group was treated daily with rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide tablets (including 120 mg rifampicin, 80 mg isoniazid and 250 mg pyrazinamide) in the first 2 months and rifampicin and isoniazid tables (including 300 mg rifampicin, 150 mg isoniazid) in the subsequent 4 months. The control group was treated by full 6-month standard regimens (2HRZE/4H3R3).The demographic data and the disease status were similar between the 2 groups before treatment. The rate of conversion from positive to negative cases in the trial group after therapy was 91.6% at 2 months, 97.2% at 3 months, and 97.7% at 6 months, while that of the control group was 87.3%, 97.5%, and 98.0% respectively. The difference in the conversion rates between the two groups was not statistically significant (chi2 = 2. 05, chi2 = 0.03, chi2 = 0.04, P > 0.05). The incidence of skin rash as an adverse effect was less common in the trial group as compared to the control group (Fisher's exact P = 0.024 33) .Domestic fixed-dose combinations as supplementary anti-tuberculous therapy could be used in the National Tuberculosis Program, but further study is needed for widespread application.
A cold‐labile acetyl‐coenzyme‐A hydrolase from the supernatant fraction of rat liver (1984)

An acetyl-coenzyme-A hydrolase from the supernatant fraction of rat liver is known to be rapidly inactivated at low temperature. Loss of catalytic activity is accompanied by apparent dissociation of tetrameric and dimeric forms of the enzyme into monomers. It was found that rewarming under appropriate conditions almost completely reversed the cold-induced inactivation and dissociation of the enzyme: At a protein concentration of 14 micrograms/ml, simple rewarming only partially restored the enzyme activity (less than 3% of the original activity), but at a higher concentration of the enzyme or in the presence of 1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin, the reactivation by warming was greater. Warming at 37 degrees C appeared to be optimal for reactivation; warming at 25 degrees C or at 43 degrees C was less effective. Longer exposure to cold did not affect reactivation on rewarming, but on repeated inactivation and reactivation the reactivation decreased to some extent, especially at lower concentrations of enzyme protein. Among various nucleotides tested, ATP greatly enhanced the restoration of the activity, while ITP, UTP and ADP were less effective and AMP, GTP, TTP and CTP had little effect. At an enzyme-protein concentration of 14 micrograms/ml, 2 mM ATP restored the enzyme activity to about 70% of that before cold treatment, while acetyl-CoA (0.5 mM) restored the activity about 50%. High concentrations of phosphate (0.92 M) and pyrophosphate (0.45 M) restored about 80% and 95%, respectively, of the original activity. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation of the active dimer at high enzyme concentration at 4 degrees C for 20 h produced a monomeric form without catalytic activity. Gel filtration showed that simple rewarming mostly converted the monomeric enzyme obtained in this way to the dimeric form, whereas on rewarming with ATP the monomer was mostly converted to a tetrameric form. The dimeric and tetrameric forms both had catalytic activity.
Cyclic Aminoacyloins and Aminoketones. IV. Dependence of Transannular Interaction Upon the Relative Location of N and C<sub>CO</sub><sup>1</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclic Aminoacyloins and Aminoketones. IV. Dependence of Transannular Interaction Upon the Relative Location of N and CCO1Nelson J. Leonard, Michinori Ōki, and Stefano ChiavarelliCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 23, 6234–6237Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01628a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01628a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views180Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Soft-Switching Operation of Isolated Modular DC/DC Converters for Application in HVDC Grids (2015)

High-voltage dc/dc converters play an important role in HVDC grids. Isolated modular dc/dc converters (IMDCCs) based on modular multilevel converter technology provide a good solution to high-voltage applications. In order to reduce the size of the system, the IMDCC is required to be operated with a high ac-link frequency, but this will lead to increased switching loss and thus degraded efficiency. This paper proposes a soft-switching operation scheme for such an IMDCC. In this scheme, a quasi-square-wave (QSW) modulation method is employed, where the chain-links generate quasi-square terminal voltages with reduced dv/dt. With such chain-link terminal voltages, the arm currents which provide good condition for the soft-switching operation of the QSW-IMDCC can be obtained. Since soft switching can be achieved for the power switches, the proposed scheme will suffer less switching loss, thus improving the efficiency of the converter. Moreover, a capacitor voltage-balancing control strategy is proposed. This strategy does not need any arm current sensors, thus reducing the cost. The proposed soft-switching operation scheme and capacitor voltage-balancing control strategy are verified by the simulation results.
Interferon-γ: the Major Mediator of Resistance Against <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (1988)

Mice were injected with a monoclonal antibody to interferon-gamma to examine the importance of endogenous production of this lymphokine in resistance against infection with the sporozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Mice with intraperitoneal infections of T. gondii that received no antibody survived and developed chronic T. gondii infection, whereas the infected mice that received the monoclonal antibody died of toxoplasmosis. The activation of macrophages, which kill T. gondii in vivo, was inhibited by administration of the monoclonal antibody, but the production of antibodies to T. gondii was not suppressed. The fact that an antibody to interferon-gamma can eliminate resistance to acute Toxoplasma infection in mice suggests that this lymphokine is an important mediator of host resistance to this parasite.
ChemInform Abstract: MOLECULAR ADDUCTS BETWEEN IODINE AND SOME BENZAZOLE‐2‐THIONE AND ‐2‐SELONE DERIVATIVES (1984)

Abstract Im Gegensatz zu (III) weisen die Titelverbindungen (I) und (II) in lod‐haltigen CH 2 Cl 2 ‐Lösungen in ihren Absorptionskurven mindestens einen isobestischen Punkt auf, was der Bildung eines I : l‐Komplexes entspricht.
Novel Insights Into the Interactions Between the Gut Microbiome, Inflammasomes, and Gasdermins During Colorectal Cancer (2022)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent and deadly forms of cancer in Western countries. Inflammation is a well-known driver of colonic carcinogenesis; however, its role in CRC extends beyond colitis-associated cancer. Over the last decades, numerous associations between intestinal dysbiosis and CRC have been identified, with more recent studies providing mechanistic evidence of a causative relationship. Nonetheless, much remains to be discovered regarding the precise implications of microbiome alterations in the pathogenesis of CRC. Research confirms the importance of a bidirectional crosstalk between the gut microbiome and the mucosal immune system in which inflammasomes, multiprotein complexes that can sense "danger signals," serve as conduits by detecting microbial signals and activating innate immune responses, including the induction of microbicidal activities that can alter microbiome composition. Current evidence strongly supports an active role for this "inflammasome-microbiome axis" in the initiation and development of CRC. Furthermore, the gasdermin (GSDM) family of proteins, which are downstream effectors of the inflammasome that are primarily known for their role in pyroptosis, have been recently linked to CRC pathogenesis. These findings, however, do not come without controversy, as pyroptosis is reported to exert both anti- and protumorigenic functions. Furthermore, the multi-faceted interactions between GSDMs and the gut microbiome, as well as their importance in CRC, have only been superficially investigated. In this review, we summarize the existing literature supporting the importance of the inflammasome-microbiota axis, as well as the activation and function of GSDMs, to gain a better mechanistic understanding of CRC pathogenesis.
Stabilization of cadmium and lead in portland cement paste using a synthetic seawater leachant (1987)

Abstract The seawater leachability of cadmium and lead sludges solidified in portland cement paste was investigated. The leachates of the wastes containing cadmium and lead were analyzed for metal contents using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) as well as pH and alkalinity. A control sample containing only portland cement paste was also leached to serve as a comparison. Results show that the total cadmium leached from the stabilized waste over a 50‐day period was about 1.0% of the total cadmium added to the paste. Lead was not detected in the leachate, however, this could be due to physical and analytical interferences associated with lead. The pH and alkalinity data show that initially, hydroxide is leached from the waste and calcium carbonates are formed on the particle surfaces. After a 50‐day period, the pH and alkalinity of the waste leachates approach that of the seawater leachant. The microstructure of the waste samples was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDXA) and powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The presence of lead did not appear to have an effect on the hydrated structure of the portland cement paste, whereas cadmium seemed to create a more porous microstructure with abundant colloidal ettringite (a calcium sulfoaluminate compound often found in hydrated portland cement paste). Results show that the fixation of cadmium in portland cement paste accelerates sulfate attack on the paste by seawater, which in turn leads to destructive cracking of the paste. It appears that cadmium release is related to the physical destruction of the portland cement paste.
<title>New television with 2D/3D image conversion technologies</title> (1996)

The image conversion technologies from 2D images into 3D images with the `Modified Time Difference' method are proposed. These technologies allow to convert automatic and real-time ordinary 2D images into binocular parallax 3D images according to the detected movements of objects in the images. We integrated circuits such as a movement detector, a delay time controller and a delay direction controller into a single LSI chip to make a 2D/3D conversion board compact. We put this conversion board into a television set to introduce a new type of 3D consumer television with which we all can enjoy converted 3D images originally provided by TVs, VCRs and the like. Vertical frequency of this 3D television is 120 Hz and twice as fast as the ordinary television for providing flickerless 3D image.
Volume Stress-Induced Peritoneal Endothelin-1 Release in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (1999)

In long-term peritoneal dialysis, functional deterioration of the peritoneal membrane is often associated with proliferative processes of the involved tissues leading to peritoneal fibrosis. In continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), failure to achieve target values for adequacy of dialysis is commonly corrected by increasing dwell volume; in case of ultrafiltration failure, osmolarity of the dialysate gets increased. In a prospective study, the impact of increasing dwell volume from 1500 ml to 2500 ml per dwell (volume trial) or changing the osmolarity of the dialysate from 1.36 to 3.86% glucose (hyperosmolarity trial) on the peritoneal endothelin-1 (ET-1) release was analyzed. ET-1 is known to exert significant proliferative activities on a variety of cell types leading to an accumulation of extracellular matrix. A highly significant difference in the cumulative peritoneal ET-1 synthesis was found between the low- and high-volume exchange, whereas differences in the hyperosmolarity setting were only moderate. Sixty minutes after initiating dialysis, the cumulative ET-1 synthesis was 2367 +/- 1023 fmol for the 1500 ml versus 6062 +/- 1419 fmol for the 2500 dwell (P < 0.0001) and 4572 +/- 969 fmol versus 6124 +/- 1473 fmol for the 1.36 and 3.86% glucose dwell (P < 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, increasing dwell volume leads to a strong activation of the peritoneal paracrine endothelin system. Because ET-1, apart from being a potent vasoactive peptide, contributes to fibrotic remodeling, this study indicates that volume stress-induced ET-1 release might contribute to structural alteration of the peritoneal membrane in long-term peritoneal dialysis.
From C/C++ Code to High-Performance Dataflow Circuits (2021)

High-level synthesis (HLS) tools typically generate statically scheduled datapaths. Static scheduling implies that the resulting circuits have a hard time exploiting parallelism in code with potential memory dependences, with control dependences, or where performance is limited by long latency control decisions. In this work, we describe an HLS approach which generates dynamically scheduled, dataflow circuits out of imperative code. We detail a complete set of rules to transform a standard compiler intermediate representation into a high-performance dataflow circuit that is able to dynamically resolve memory dependences and adapt its behavior on the fly to particular control flow decisions and operation latencies. Compared to a traditional HLS tool, the result is a different tradeoff between performance and circuit complexity: statically scheduled circuits display the best performance per cost in regular applications, but general-purpose, irregular, and control-dominated computing tasks require the runtime flexibility of dynamic scheduling. Therefore, enabling dynamic behavior in HLS is key to dealing with the increasing computational demands of new contexts and broader application domains.
Evaluation of the<i>BreastSimulator</i>software platform for breast tomography (2017)

The aim of this work was the evaluation of the software BreastSimulator, a breast x-ray imaging simulation software, as a tool for the creation of 3D uncompressed breast digital models and for the simulation and the optimization of computed tomography (CT) scanners dedicated to the breast. Eight 3D digital breast phantoms were created with glandular fractions in the range 10%-35%. The models are characterised by different sizes and modelled realistic anatomical features. X-ray CT projections were simulated for a dedicated cone-beam CT scanner and reconstructed with the FDK algorithm. X-ray projection images were simulated for 5 mono-energetic (27, 32, 35, 43 and 51 keV) and 3 poly-energetic x-ray spectra typically employed in current CT scanners dedicated to the breast (49, 60, or 80 kVp). Clinical CT images acquired from two different clinical breast CT scanners were used for comparison purposes. The quantitative evaluation included calculation of the power-law exponent, β, from simulated and real breast tomograms, based on the power spectrum fitted with a function of the spatial frequency, f, of the form S(f) = α/f <sup>β</sup> . The breast models were validated by comparison against clinical breast CT and published data. We found that the calculated β coefficients were close to that of clinical CT data from a dedicated breast CT scanner and reported data in the literature. In evaluating the software package BreastSimulator to generate breast models suitable for use with breast CT imaging, we found that the breast phantoms produced with the software tool can reproduce the anatomical structure of real breasts, as evaluated by calculating the β exponent from the power spectral analysis of simulated images. As such, this research tool might contribute considerably to the further development, testing and optimisation of breast CT imaging techniques.