gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of the Potential Safety Benefits of Vehicle Backup Proximity Sensors (2005)

An increasing number of new vehicles are being equipped with backup proximity sensors. These sensors detect the presence and proximity of objects in the pathway of the reversing vehicle and warn the driver through an audible signal. This report investigates the performance capabilities and potential safety effectiveness of these systems in reducing the risks to small children and other pedestrians from reversing vehicles. These sensor systems are primarily designed and marketed as parking aids. However, some are being promoted as safety systems with the potential to reduce or prevent collisions with pedestrians, especially small children. The performance capabilities of six commercial reversing aid systems were evaluated in laboratory tests. Four systems were fitted to the vehicles as standard equipment. Two systems were purchased from aftermarket companies and installed on the test vehicles. All six systems used ultrasonic sensor technology. Laboratory tests consisted of 3-dimensional mapping of the detection zones, the system response time, and the effects of dust / dirt on sensor performance. In terms of detection area performance, parking aid systems sacrificed detection distance and height in order to suppress false or nuisance alarms. The durability and reaction time results revealed there were no substantial performance differences between the systems. The safety benefits of these devices were then estimated based on these test results.
A 10 bit, low power, digitally auto–zeroed CMOS analogue to digital converter core for the NASA TRIO smart sensor system on a chip (2002)

In spacecraft applications there is a great need for robust analogue to digital converters (ADC) that can withstand the harsh space environment. Commercially available ADCs can not operate in space due to radiation effects. We present an ADC that has been developed for the NASA TRIO smart sensor system on a chip (SoC), a versatile low power device specifically designed for spacecraft data acquisition and telemetry of several sensors such as temperature, voltage/current transducers, radFETs, etc. A key element of the TRIO chip is the ADC, which is required to operate in excess of 500Krad ionising dose and to be robust to single event upsets. The topology chosen is simple with a special auto-zeroing technique to compensate for offset errors. The ADC has 10-bit resolution for a reference in the range 0.1V to Vdd + 1V, and for power supply in the range 2.5 V to 5.5 V. The power dissipation is ∼2mW at 40Ksamlles/sec. The TRIO chip is used in several spacecraft including Contour, Messenger, Europa, Pluto, etc.
What's post racial discourse got to do with it? Obama and implications for multiculturalism in college classrooms (2014)

With the election and re-election of Barack Obama as the first Black President of the United States came the vexing yet perhaps expected conclusion that issues of race and ethnicity were no longer grave concerns. Somehow Obama’s presence suggests the transcendence of race. While a nod to the political progress made in terms of social race relations may be in order, Obama’s election does not translate into a “color-blind,” “post race” American nation. This essay explores how current and ongoing conversations about a post race nation shape student perceptions of race and how they directly affect the teaching instruction of professors, like myself, who are invested in multicultural and inclusive pedagogy. As an instructor invested in inclusive learning, my former struggle of getting students to understand the importance of acknowledging the validity of cultural differences has resurfaced as students who buy into the rhetoric of a “post race” nation no longer think it necessary to examine closely racially charged inequities. Rather than adhere to the problematic ideology of Obama as the embodiment of a “post race” nation, I propose an exploration of his identity and politics as those that encourage fluidity and cultural plurality without denying rightful acknowledgement of race as a viable political reality.
Aurora B Kinase and Passenger Proteins as Targets for Cancer Therapy (2008)

The chromosome passenger complex (CPC) is composed of five proteins: Aurora B kinase, Borealin, INCENP, Survivin and TD-60. CPC functions as an oligo-enzyme, each member activating the catalytic subunit, Aurora B kinase. CPC controls chromosome congression, bidirectional tension on kinetochores and spindle checkpoint signalling as well as cytokinesis completion. CPC is thus a key regulator during mitosis; CPC proteins are exclusively expressed during mitosis and are up-regulated in many tumours. Their overexpression correlates with the level of genomic instability within tumours. Altogether, this leads to the proposal of passenger proteins as potential targets for cancer therapy. This review describes the chromosomal passenger complex and its involvement in mitosis and the different strategies developed towards its inactivation. Keywords: Aurora kinase, survivin, borealin, INCENP, passenger proteins, cancer therapy, mitosis, kinase inhibitors, chromosome passenger complex
The Dilemmas Of Shared Service Center In Taiwan E-Government- A Case Study On Ministry Of Finance (2012)

As one of the internationally leading country in electronic governing, Taiwanese government is facing difficulties in the application of shared service center (SSC), especially the integration of back-office information systems. Taiwanese government is promoting a government organization reform project, being aimed at improving the efficiency and quality of government services. With the advance of reforming, Taiwanese government plans to reinforce the SSC applications in every Ministry. The purpose of this research is through in-depth interviews with the staff in the Ministry of Finance (MOF) 1
Streaming Big Data Processing in Datacenter Clouds (2014)

Despite clear technological advances, research challenges must be solved to realize a standard large-scale, QoS-optimized platform for managing streaming big data analytics ecosystem.
Surface magnetism: A Monte Carlo study of surface critical behavior (1993)

We study the critical behavior of an Ising model on a simple cubic lattice with two free surfaces using the Monte Carlo method. The effect of both the ratio of surface to bulk coupling ${\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{s}}$/${\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{b}}$, and the length to width ratio, r=L/D, are considered. The spontaneous magnetization and the magnetic susceptibility near the critical point are calculated for both the surface and the bulk. For sufficiently large ratio ${\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{s}}$/${\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{b}}$, we find that the surface magnetizes at a higher temperature than the bulk, as has been reported previously. However, we find that the critical value of ${\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{s}}$/${\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{b}}$, where the surface and bulk magnetization vanish at the same temperature, depends on the aspect ratio r, and that for a range of values of r this can be less than the value 1.55 valid for a semi-infinite geometry. The results reported here may be applicable to thin magnetic films.
Concentration-Dependent Effects of Hematopoietic Growth Factors during<i>In Vitro</i>Expansion of Mouse Stem Cells and Progenitor Cells (1997)

The effects of cytokine concentrations on proliferation and differentiation of mouse hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors have been investigated. While high concentrations of IL-1 and IL-3 decreased the recovery of primitive cells, maintenance of committed progenitors appeared insensitive to various concentrations of these cytokines. Expansion of multilineage colony-forming bone marrow cells showed a strong concentration dependence on IL-1 and IL-3. When C.B-17 mice were transplanted with AA4.1+ cells from BALB/c fetal liver, cells maintained in 10-20 units per ml of IL-1, IL-3, and IL-6 were able to rescue 89% of lethally irradiated recipient mice. In contrast, cells maintained in 200-500 units per ml could only rescue 19% of the mice. Apparently too high concentrations of cytokines may favour the induction of differentiation of stem cell populations. An alternative explanation could be the presence of accessory cells producing inhibitory factors or cytokines that induce differentiation of stem cells.
HF-BAND WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER SYSTEM: CONCEPT, ISSUES, AND DESIGN (2012)

High-frequency (HF) band wireless power transfer systems offer the promise of cutting the last cord, allowing users to seamlessly recharge mobile devices as easily as wireless communication. Yet there are still many technical issues that need to be overcome. Among them, one of the most difficult problems is maintaining impedance match over a short range, where the distance between a transmitter and receiver could vary. In this paper, the effect of impedance mismatch of a HFband wireless power transfer system is carefully investigated and two compensation methods are suggested to overcome this within a short range, where frequent impedance mismatch can occur. Each method has pros and cons. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed methods, HF-band wireless power transfer systems, with a pair of rectangular loop resonators, were designed. The efficiency and input impedance variation were simulated and measured. From these results, proposed methods show enhanced efficiency performance than a typical wireless power transfer system without any compensation circuits.
A sample-decimation based fast preamble detection algorithm (2008)

Random access is a commonly used multiple access scheme that allows multiple users to share the same resource in a distributed fashion. In a Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), the preamble of a random access channel (RACH) message is used by a mobile user to signal the base station for requesting network access or short data packets transportation. The base station is responsible in a timely fashion for detecting the preambles and informing the user whether the request has been granted or denied through the acquisition indication channel (AICH). Preamble detection is one of the most computationally intensive functional units of a base station. It has attracted many research attentions and investments in the past a few decades. The drawback of the existing preamble detection (PD) algorithms for UMTS base-station is that either their computational complexity is high or the detection accuracy is low. The conventional full search PD algorithm gives the best result in terms of the detection probability, but its complexity is high. On the hand, the parallel-serial code phase detector PD algorithm provides a reduced computational complexity, but the detection accuracy becomes low. In this thesis, a sample-decimation based preamble detection technique is proposed in order to substantially reduce the computational complexity and at the same time retain a high detection accuracy. The proposed algorithm comprises two stages. Delay hypotheses or delay offsets which are unlikely to have a strong correlation power between the antenna samples and the locally generated preamble replica are identified and discarded in the first stage. The second stage operates on the remaining offsets and employs all the antenna samples within the preamble signal. Extensive computer simulations are conducted under different levels of additive white Gaussian noise interferences. The results show that the proposed algorithm has a detection performance very close to that of the conventional full search PD algorithm, while at the same time it reduces the computational complexity by more than sixty percent
Effect of ammonium thilosulfate and dicyandiamide on residual ammonium in fertilizer bands (1992)

Abstract Ammonium thiosulfate (ATS, 12–0–0–26S) and dicyandiamide (DCD, 66–0–0) are fertilizer products that also inhibit nitrification. It has also been proposed that ATS can improve the nitrification inhibition properties of DCD. The purpose of this research was to compare the effects of ATS, DCD, and ATS/DCD mixtures on the nitrification of banded urea solution or urea‐ammonium nitrate (UAN) under laboratory, field microplot, and field conditions. The laboratory study demonstrated that adding 8.7% (vol vol‐1) ATS to a urea solution inhibited nitrification by 68%. Inhibition of nitrification was greater with ATS + DCD than with DCD alone. Some nitrite accumulated when ATS was added, but little or no nitrite accumulated when both ATS and DCD were present In field microplot studies, the addition of ATS to urea solution significantly (P ≤ 0.10) increased residual soil ammonium levels over urea alone at six of 11 trials. ATS was usually a less effective nitrification inhibitor than was DCD, and ATS + DCD outperformed DCD at only one of 11 trials. In all three field trials, adding ATS to banded UAN solution led to increased residual ammonium levels. Again, ATS was less effective than DCD or nitrapyrin as a nitrification inhibitor, and no ATS/DCD synergism was observed. It was concluded that the use of ATS as a sulfur fertilizer in fluid fertilizer bands can lead to measurable inhibition of nitrification, but ATS was not as reliable as DCD or nitrapyrin. Notes Published with the approval of the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, as Journal Series No. 2003. This research was supported in part by the Tennessee Valley Authority. The use of brand names in this article does not constitute an endorsement.
Effect of feeding a milk replacer to early-weaned pigs on growth, body composition, and small intestinal morphology, compared with suckled littermates. (1996)

Feeding of milk replacer to early-weaned pigs was evaluated in two experiments. In Exp. 1, 18 litters of pigs were either weaned conventionally (d 21), split-weaned and fed milk replacer plus starter diet (d 14 and 21), or weaned and fed milk replacer plus starter diet (d 21). Split weaning combined with feeding a milk replacer increased ADG 22% from d 14 and d 28 compared to conventional weaning (P < .05). Feeding a milk replacer plus starter diet after weaning increased ADG 30% between d 21 and 28 compared to conventional weaning (P < .01). In Experiment 2, four litters of 12 pigs each were divided at d 18 into six heavy and six light pigs and randomized across sow-suckled, milk replacer, or starter diet groups. After 1 wk, pigs fed milk replacer weighed 20% more (P < .001), contained 10% more protein (P < .01) and 17% more fat (P < .05), and had 74% longer villi in the proximal small intestine (P < .001) than suckled pigs. In contrast, pigs fed starter diet weighed 19% less (P < .001), contained 20% less protein and fat (P < .001), and had 28% shorter villi in the proximal small intestine (P < .05) than suckled pigs. Therefore, milk replacer feeding the 1st wk after weaning stimulates pig development, both locally in the small intestine and on a whole-body basis, most likely by an increased energy and nutrient intake. Suckling beyond 18 d postnatally inhibits pigs to reach maximal potential weight gain. In conclusion, milk replacer feeding might be beneficial to reach maximal pig weight gain at weaning.
Longitudinal and transverse waves of the electric field (2011)

The importance and features of longitudinal and transverse waves of electric fields in various electric processes and technological applications of these waves are shown. The relationship between longitudinal and transverse waves of electric fields and the relationship between these waves and their sources are theoretically justified.
Autoantibodies to <i>c-myc</i> Protein: Elevated Levels in Patients with African Burkitt's Lymphoma and Normal Ghanians (1992)

Sera from U.S. patients with SLE, RA, and various malignancies, clinically normal individuals with sero-activity to HIV, AIDS, and from pregnant women were tested for the presence of anti-c-myc antibodies. In an ELISA using recombinant human c-myc protein as the antigen, no difference in mean antibody titer was generally detected in these sera when compared to normal controls. Only three malignancy sera (two myeloid leukemia and only one lymphoma) and two patients with AIDS-related lymphoma exhibited exceedingly higher levels of anti-c-myc antibody. However, significantly elevated anti-c-myc antibody levels were found among 20 patients with African Burkitt's lymphoma (Ghana) and 20 normal Ghanians, thus apparently reflecting an autoimmune phenomenon prevalent in the endemic region. These findings indicated that elevated levels of anti-c-myc antibodies are not a general characteristic of patients with diseases that have been associated with increased expression of c-myc.
Technique for lateral temperature profiling in optoelectronic devices using a photoluminescence microprobe (1992)

A photoluminescence microprobe technique with ≤0.2 °C and &lt;5 μm resolution is demonstrated for measuring lateral temperature profiles in GaAs-based optoelectronic devices. The technique is used to measure the junction-heating induced temperature gradient in both single-stripe and broad-area diode lasers. The effective focal length of the thermally induced refractive index gradient lens is determined from the temperature gradient in a broad-area device.
FASTBUS readout controller card for high speed data acquisition (2002)

The authors describe a FASTBUS readout controller (FRC) for high-speed data acquisition in FASTBUS-based systems. The controller has two main interfaces: to FASTBUS and to a readout port. The FASTBUS interface performs FASTBUS master and slave operations at a maximum transfer rate exceedings 40 Mbytes/s. The readout port can be adapted for a variety of protocols. Currently, it will be interfaced to a VME-based processor with a VSB port. The on-board LR33000 embedded processor controls the readout, executing a list of operations downloaded into its memory. It scans the FASTBUS modules and stores the data in a triple port dynamic random-access memory (TPDRAM), through one of the serial access memory (SAM) ports of the TPDRAM. Later it transfers these data to the readout port using the other SAM. The FRC also supports serial communication via RS232 and Ethernet interfaces. The device is intended for use in the data acquisition systems at the Collider Detector at Fermilab.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prevalence of Rupture of Silicone Gel Breast Implants Revealed on MR Imaging in a Population of Women in Birmingham, Alabama (2000)

The prevalence of silent or occult silicone gel breast implant rupture is higher than was previously suspected. Most women in this study had MR imaging evidence of at least one ruptured silicone gel breast implant.
Duodenal secretion in humans mediated by the EP4 receptor subtype (2005)

Effects of PGE2 on secretion in the second part of human duodenum is mediated through the EP4 receptor and not through EP1, EP2, or EP3.
The Effect of Direct and Variable Current on Current Efficiency of Copper Anode (2006)

The current efficiency of copper anode containing impurities in copper sulfate solution for electrorefining was studied at various current type such as direct current, variable current and periodic reverse current. The passivity behavior was investigated by galvanostatic technique. The results obtained were that current efficiency of variable current was higher than those of direct current and periodic reverse current. The increased current efficiency could be explained by the formation of slime structure with lower average resistance due to variable current. The frequency of various factors in variable current condition has a greatest effect on current efficiency. It appeared that frequency increased current efficiency when increased from 1 to 4, but further increases did not have an effect.
Genetic diversity and occurrence of the F129L substitutions among isolates of Alternaria solani in south-eastern Sweden (2016)

Genetic diversity was relatively high among isolates of <i>A. solani</i> in south-eastern part of Sweden. F129L substitutions, leading to reduced sensitivity to strobilurins, have been established in field populations, which may have implications for the future efficacy of QoI fungicides.
Major and minor depression in Alzheimer's disease: prevalence and impact (1997)

One hundred nine outpatients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were neuropsychiatrically evaluated and rated on standardized measures of depression, activities of daily living (ADL), nonmood behavioral disturbance, and burdensome events such as serious wandering, falls, and accidents. Distribution of depression scores revealed three patient groups: very few depressive symptoms (51%), minor depression (27%), and major depression (22%). Major depression was associated with substantially greater impairment in ADL, worse nonmood behavioral disturbance (such as aggression), and more frequent serious wandering, even after adjusting for severity of dementia or comorbid health problems. Minor depression was also associated with nonmood behavioral disturbance and wandering. The authors conclude that both major and minor depression are common in AD and produce considerable mood and nonmood morbidity affecting both patients and caregivers. Efforts are warranted to identify and treat depression in AD.
A Synthetic TLR3 Ligand Mitigates Profibrotic Fibroblast Responses by Inducing Autocrine IFN Signaling (2013)

Activation of TLR3 by exogenous microbial ligands or endogenous injury-associated ligands leads to production of type I IFN. Scleroderma patients with progressive skin fibrosis display an IFN-regulated gene signature, implicating TLR3 signaling in the disease. In this study, we show that TLR3 expression was detected on foreskin, adult skin, and lung fibroblasts, and TLR3 levels were significantly elevated in a subset of scleroderma skin biopsies. In explanted skin and lung fibroblasts, the synthetic TLR3 ligand polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), a dsRNA analog, caused dose- and time-dependent stimulation of IFN-β production and generation of an IFN-response gene signature that was accompanied by substantial downregulation of collagen and α-smooth muscle actin gene expression. Furthermore, poly(I:C) abrogated TGF-β-induced fibrotic responses and blocked canonical Smad signaling via upregulation of inhibitory Smad7. Surprisingly, the inhibitory effects of poly(I:C) in fibroblasts were independent of TLR3 and were mediated by the cytosolic receptors retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, and involved signaling via the IFN receptor. Taken together, these results demonstrate that induction of a fibroblast IFN response gene signature triggered by dsRNA is associated with potent TLR3-independent anti-fibrotic effects. The characteristic IFN response gene signature seen in scleroderma lesions might therefore signify a tissue-autonomous protective attempt to restrict fibroblast activation during injury.
Comparison of R-Curves Determined from Different Specimen Types (1973)

Crack growth resistance curves (R-curves) have been obtained by testing center-cracked tension specimens (CCT) of three aluminum alloys, one titanium alloy, and two steels. Direct comparison is possible for four of these alloys with R-curves determined from crackline loaded (CLL) specimens. Some differences between the two specimens are found in the reported values of Kc. These appear to be a direct consequence of the type of stress-crack length relationship noted during testing. In tough material tested using the CCT specimen, the crack grown first under a rising load but finally continues to extend at a constant load. Since this constant load crack growth marks the end of structural integrity, its recognition is crucial to a rational interpretation of fracture resistance. The CCL specimen type does not discriminate between the changes in crack growth behavior observed for these tough materials. Further, it is shown that fatigue precracking may influence the amount of crack growth prior to instability even though the final value of Kc remains unchanged. No evidence of variation in the Kc-value with initial crack length has been observed over the range of slit lengths investigated.