gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing FPGA design modification time (2002)

An incremental approach to logic synthesis developed under the RASSP program is described. The approach reduces the time it takes to implement changes in an FPGA design. It also helps designers stay connected with the implementation issues and helps new synthesis users get over the learning curve. It involves resynthesizing only the blocks of the design that change, rather than the whole design. Existing blocks of unmodified logic are reused through the netlist merge capabilities of many foundry tools. Results show that the incremental approach helps speed up the total design cycle time.
Framework for the detection and classification of colorectal polyps (2013)

In this thesis we propose a framework for the detection and classification of colorectal polyps to assist endoscopists in bowel cancer screening. Such a system will help reduce not only the miss rate of possibly malignant polyps during screening but also reduce the number of unnecessary polypectomies where the histopathologic analysis could be spared. Our polyp detection scheme is based on a cascade filter to pre-process the incoming video frames, select a group of candidate polyp regions and then proceed to algorithmically isolate the most probable polyps based on their geometry. We also tested this system on a number of endoscopic and capsule endoscopy videos collected with the help of our clinical collaborators. Furthermore, we developed and tested a classification system for distinguishing cancerous colorectal polyps from non-cancerous ones. By analyzing the surface vasculature of high magnification polyp images from two endoscopic platforms we extracted a number of features based primarily on the vessel contrast, orientation and colour. The feature space was then filtered as to leave only the most relevant subset and this was subsequently used to train our classifier. In addition, we examined the scenario of splitting up the polyp surface into patches and including only the most feature rich areas into our classifier instead of the surface as a whole. The stability of our feature space relative to patch size was also examined to ensure reliable and robust classification. In addition, we devised a scale selection strategy to minimize the effect of inconsistencies in magnification and geometric polyp size between samples. Lastly, several techniques were also employed to ensure that our results will generalise well in real world practise. We believe this to be a solid step in forming a toolbox designed to aid endoscopists not only in the detection but also in the optical biopsy of colorectal polyps during in vivo colonoscopy.
Anomalous decay of shock impulses in laminated composites (2001)

The decay of shocks in laminated composites is investigated with numerical modeling. An anomalous effect of the cell size on the leading shock amplitude was found. It is manifested in increased amplitude of the leading shock wave with the increase of the number of interfaces between the materials with different acoustic impedances crossed by a “long” shock wave in periodic laminar composites. The components in the fine composite are loaded by a larger number of shock waves than in the coarse composite, resulting in a higher residual temperature in the fine composite. The anomalous attenuation is not observed for “short” waves at the same depth from the impacted surface. The bonding strength between the layers has only a slight effect on the shock evolution.
The reversible Hill equation: how to incorporate cooperative enzymes into metabolic models (1997)

We show how the irreversible Hill equation can be generalized to a reversible form, including effects of modifiers. The proposed equation leads to behaviour virtually indistinguishable from that predicted by a kinetic form of the Adair equation, despite the fact that the latter is a far more complicated equation. By contrast, a reversible form of the Monod-Wyman-Changeux equation that has sometimes been used leads to predictions for the effects of modifiers at high substrate concentration that differ qualitatively from those given by the Adair equation.
Fast reverse recovery body diode in high-voltage vdmosfet using cell-distributed schottky contacts (2003)

A new approach to improve the high-voltage vertical double-diffused MOSFET (VDMOSFET) body-diode recovery speed is proposed. In this approach, a Schottky contact is integrated into every cell of the VDMOSFET. Experimental results from the fabricated samples show a 50% decrease in the reverse recovery charge and a 60% increase in the softness factor of the body diode in 500 V/2 A VDMOSFETs.
Separation of random telegraph signals from 1/f noise in MOSFETs under constant and switched bias conditions (2004)

The low-frequency noise power spectrum of small dimension MOSFETs is dominated by Lorentzians arising from random telegraph signals (RTS). The low-frequency noise is observed to decrease when the devices are periodically switched 'off'. The technique of determining the statistical lifetimes and amplitudes of the RTS by fitting the signal level histogram of the time-domain record to two-Gaussian histograms has been reported in the literature. This procedure is then used for analysing the 'noisy' RTS along with the device background noise, which turned out to be 1/f noise. The 1/f noise of the device can then be separated from the RTS using this procedure. In this work, RTS observed in MOSFETs, under both constant and switched biased conditions, have been investigated in the time domain, Further, the 1/f noise in both the constant and the switched biased conditions is investigated.
Implementation of Security Kernel based on Linux OS (2003)

네트워크 수준에서 정보보호를 위한 침입차단 시스템과 침입탐지 시스템은 조직 내의 컴퓨터 서버 보안 대책으로는 그 한계를 갖고 있다. 이에 따라 보안 운영체제(Secure OS)에 관한 필요성이 점차 사회적으로 공감대를 형성하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 보안 운영체제의 요구사항과 최근 보급되고 있는 리눅스 운영체제의 커널 수준에서의 보안 연구동향을 살펴보고, 본 연구팀에서 구현한 다중등급 보안 리눅스 커널을 주요 기능 중심으로 기술하고 시험 평가로서 접근제어, 성능 및 해킹 시험을 실시하여 안전성을 입증하였다. 이 보안 커널 기반의 리눅스 운영체제는 TCSEC Bl급에서 요구하는 기준 기능 외에 해킹 차단, 실시간 감사 추적, root의 권한 제한, 통합보안관리 등의 추가적 기능을 제공한다. Current security efforts provided in such as firewall or IDS (intrusion detection system) of the network level suffer from many vulnerabilities in internal computing servers. Thus the necessity of secure OS is especially crucial in today's computing environment. This paper identifies secure OS requirements, analyzes tile research trends for secure Linux in terms of security kernel, and provides the descriptions of the multi-level security(MLS) Linux kernel which we have implemented. This security kernel-based Linux meets the minimum requirements for TCSEC Bl class as well providing anti-hacking, real-time audit trailing, restricting of root privileges, and enterprise suity management functions.
Syntax error recovery in parsing expression grammars (2018)

Parsing Expression Grammars (PEGs) are a formalism used to describe top-down parsers with backtracking. As PEGs do not provide a good error recovery mechanism, PEG-based parsers usually do not recover from syntax errors in the input, or recover from syntax errors using ad-hoc, implementation-specific features. The lack of proper error recovery makes PEG parsers unsuitable for using with Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), which need to build syntactic trees even for incomplete, syntactically invalid programs.
The single channel interferometer using a pseudo-Doppler direction finding system (2002)

A new technique for obtaining high performance, low power, radio direction finding, (RDF) using a single receiver is presented. For man-portable applications, multichannel systems consume too much power, are too expensive, and are too heavy to easily be carried by a single individual. Most single channel systems are not accurate enough or do not provide the capability to listen while direction finding (DF) is being performed. By employing feedback in a pseudo-Doppler system via a vector modulator in the IF of a single receiver and an adaptive algorithm to control it, the accuracy of a pseudo-Doppler system can be enhanced to the accuracy of an interferometer based system without the expense of a multichannel receiver. I will also maintain audio listen-through while direction finding is being performed-all with a single inexpensive low power receiver. The use of these techniques provides performance not attainable by other single channel methods.
A Study on the Revitalization of the Emergency Medical Services for a Aged Society - Based on Possible Solutions to Improve Early Response System for Geriatric Emergency Patients - (2008)

As a part of improving early response system for senior emergency patients in rural areas in preparation for accelerated transition of Korea into aged society, this study seeks to make effective use of town broadcasting equipments and improve conventional educational ways for the first aid for senior people to boost up availability of private rescue personnel, so that it can contribute to improving capacity to early response to potential occurrence of emergency situations. In addition, this study focuses on profiling current activities of 119 geriatric Emergency Medical Services available in Korea, and also exploring possible ways to improve emergency services for senior safety which can play useful roles of social safeguard in imminent aged society as well as efficient ways to build up infrastructure for senior safety on the basis of opening up senior safety center.
Why Local Isn't Enough (2015)

A.J. Million, PhD Candidate at the University of Missouri, provides us with his own argument on the need to diversify the funding sources for public libraries.
REM Sleep Episodes During the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test in Patients with Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Patients with Narcolepsy (1983)

Twelve patients with sleep apnea, 12 narcoleptic patients, and 10 controls were given 20-min opportunities to remain awake while sitting comfortably. Test sessions were administered at 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00, and 18:00. Apneic and narcoleptic subjects were less capable of maintaining wakefulness than controls. Patients with sleep apnea had an average of 1.4 daytime rapid eye movement (REM) episodes with the peak incidence at 14:00. Narcoleptics also had sleep onset REM periods (mean of 2.7), whereas none of the controls had REM episodes during the daytime testing. Narcoleptic and control groups differed in the probability of REM occurring at each session. There were time-of-day differences in the probability of REM occurring between patient groups. The amount of stage REM the night preceding testing was unrelated to the occurrence of REM episodes during the day in either patient group. In addition, there were notable differences in the frequency of sleep onset REM periods when patients were sitting as opposed to being supine during nap studies. Sleep latency and frequency of REM episodes on the maintenance of wakefulness test were independent of the subject's age. The maintenance of wakefulness test proved unsatisfactory as a diagnostic procedure, but appeared useful as an adjunct procedure in the evaluation of treatment efficacy of hypersomnia.
A Statistical Analysis of On-Off Patterns in 16 Conversations (1968)

This is a summary of data from an extensive analysis of on-off speech patterns in 16 experimental telephone conversations. The on-off patterns are determined by a fixed threshold speech detector having certain rules for rejecting noise and for filling in short gaps (for example, from stop consonants). Distributions are obtained for ten events, including talk-spurts, pauses, double talking (simultaneous speech from both parties), mutual silence, etc. Particular emphasis is placed on events surrounding interruptions. The entire analysis is performed for three speech detector thresholds, since most of the data are strongly influenced by choice of threshold. Observations are made about the influence of threshold on the data, properties of speech invariant with choice of threshold, and differences between male and female speech patterns.
PWM Switching Strategy for Torque Ripple Minimization in BLDC Motor (2011)

PWM Switching Strategy for Torque Ripple Minimization in BLDC Motor This paper describes a new PWM switching strategy to minimize the torque ripples in BLDC motor which is based on sensored rotor position control. The scheme has been implemented using a PIC microcontroller to generate a modified Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signals for driving power inverter bridge. The modified PWM signals are successfully applied to the next up-coming phase current such that its current rise is slightly delayed during the commutation instant. Experimental results show that the current waveforms of the modified PWM are smoother than that in conventional PWM technique. Hence, the output torque exhibits lower ripple contents.
A Very High-Speed Facsimile Recorder (1959)

An operating facsimile system is described which is capable of transmitting black and white graphic information at the rate of 24 inches of copy feed per second. The system uses conventional line-by-line sequential scanning at the transmitter and a multistylus recorder with 100 lines per inch resolution at the receiver. The electrolytic recording medium employed is characterized by a relatively low internal impedance, which permits close spacing of the stylus electrodes and the use of direct-coupled transistors for the individual marking amplifiers. The high transmission speed results from the use of individual stylus electrodes for each elemental area along the scanning line and the holding of the video marking signal at each stylus for time intervals approximating the duration of a complete scanning line. The system described uses a 100-stylus block assembly, restricting the length of the scanning line to one inch. One thousand-stylus block assemblies have been made and these will permit reproduction of copy 10 inches wide.
Cavity ring down spectroscopy applied to plasma diagnostics (1999)

Note: Proc. 9th Int. Symposium Laser-aided Plasma Diagnstocs, Lake Tahoe, CA, September 1999 Reference CRPP-CONF-1999-076 Record created on 2008-05-13, modified on 2016-08-08
SIMULATION-BASED OPTIMIZATION (2007)

Computer simulations are used extensively as models of real systems to eval-uate output responses. The choice of optimal simulation parameters can lead to improved operation, but configuring them well remains a challenging problem. Simulation-based optimization is an emerging field which integrates optimization techniques into simulation analysis. The parameter calibration or optimization problem is formulated as a stochastic programming problem whose objective function is an associated measurement of an experimental simulation. Due to the complexity of the simulation, the objective function is typically (a) subject to various levels of noise, (b) not necessarily differen-tiable, and (c) computationally expensive to evaluate. Contemporary simulation-based optimization methods include response surface methodology, heuristic methods and stochastic approximation. Our optimization methods proposed in the dissertation are adapted from the derivative-free optimization approach, which does not try to utilize or di-
Metal-free photoinduced electron transfer–atom transfer radical polymerization (PET–ATRP) via a visible light organic photocatalyst (2015)

This work developed the first example of PET-ATRP using a reductive pathway, which provides new opportunities for the synthesis of well-controlled polymer architectures through a photochemical approach.
Electron spin injection at a Schottky contact (2002)

We investigate theoretically electrical spin injection at a Schottky contact between a spin-polarized electrode and a nonmagnetic semiconductor. Current and electron density spin polarizations are discussed as functions of barrier energy and semiconductor doping density. The effect of a spin-dependent interface resistance that results from a tunneling region at the contact/semiconductor interface is described. The model can serve as a guide for designing spin-injection experiments with regard to the interface properties and device structure.
Pre-Crash Sensing Countermeasures and Benefits (2005)

This paper introduces a research plan by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation to be used for developing objective test procedures and estimating safety benefits of pre-crash sensing countermeasures. The main objective of pre-crash sensing applications is to sense a collision earlier than the current accelerometer-based approaches with anticipatory and more descriptive sensors, communicate this information to the vehicle and its occupant protection systems, and take appropriate actions to reduce the severity of crash injury. In addition, this paper provides preliminary results from a preparatory analysis to review state-of-the-art pre-crash sensing technology and applications, proposes a methodology to estimate their safety benefits, and defines relevant crash problems. The technology review is based on literature available in the public domain. The benefits estimation methodology is founded on the reduction of total harm by comparative assessment of crash injury with and without the assistance of pre-crash sensing systems. The crash problem is defined using the Crashworthiness Data System to identify relevant crashworthiness scenarios and their respective harm.
Engineered Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy (2014)

In medicine, nanotechnology has sparked a rapidly growing interest as it promises to solve a number of issues associated with conventional therapeutic agents, including their poor water solubility (at least, for most anticancer drugs), lack of targeting capability, nonspecific distribution, systemic toxicity, and low therapeutic index. Over the past several decades, remarkable progress has been made in the development and application of engineered nanoparticles to treat cancer more effectively. For example, therapeutic agents have been integrated with nanoparticles engineered with optimal sizes, shapes, and surface properties to increase their solubility, prolong their circulation half-life, improve their biodistribution, and reduce their immunogenicity. Nanoparticles and their payloads have also been favorably delivered into tumors by taking advantage of the pathophysiological conditions, such as the enhanced permeability and retention effect, and the spatial variations in the pH value. Additionally, targeting ligands (e.g., small organic molecules, peptides, antibodies, and nucleic acids) have been added to the surface of nanoparticles to specifically target cancerous cells through selective binding to the receptors overexpressed on their surface. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that multiple types of therapeutic drugs and/or diagnostic agents (e.g., contrast agents) could be delivered through the same carrier to enable combination therapy with a potential to overcome multidrug resistance, and real-time readout on the treatment efficacy. It is anticipated that precisely engineered nanoparticles will emerge as the next-generation platform for cancer therapy and many other biomedical applications.
Increased serum levels of the chemokine CXCL13 and up-regulation of its gene expression are distinctive features of HCV-related cryoglobulinemia and correlate with active cutaneous vasculitis (2008)

Chemokine CXCL13, also known as BCA-1 (B cell-attracting chemokine-1) or BLC (B-lymphocyte chemoattractant), is a major regulator of B-cell trafficking. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may be associated with B-cell dysfunction and lymphoproliferative disorders, including mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC). This study evaluates circulating levels of CXCL13 protein and specific mRNA expression in chronically HCV-infected patients with and without MC. Compared with healthy controls and HCV-infected patients without MC, CXCL13 serum levels were significantly higher in MC patients. The highest CXCL13 levels strongly correlated with active cutaneous vasculitis. CXCL13 gene expression in portal tracts, isolated from liver biopsy tissues with laser capture microdissection, showed enhanced levels of specific mRNA in MC patients with active cutaneous vasculitis. Specific CXCL13 gene mRNA expression was also up-regulated in skin tissue of these patients. These findings paralleled specific deposits of CXCL13 protein both in the liver and in the skin. Our results indicate that up-regulation of CXCL13 gene expression is a distinctive feature of HCV-infected patients. Higher levels of this chemokine in the liver as well as in the skin of patients with active MC vasculitis suggest a possible interrelation between these biologic compartments.
An Innovative Static Modeling Approach to handle a Complex Giant Mature Field within a Compressed Timeframe; A Case Study of the Baram Oil Field, Offshore Sarawak, East Malaysia (2012)

Abstract Baram is a giant mature field situated, offshore Sarawak Malaysia. Reservoirs consist of an approximately 7000 ft thick-stacked sequence of shallow marine sands, distributed in excess of 200 zones. The field is extensively faulted. Early Growth faulting followed by a later compressional phase has led to complex fault geometries. The field has been producing for over 40 years and presently has 175 wells. Although the reservoirs are generally of good quality, the field currently has relatively low production rates, a low recovery factor, and a significant amount of remaining reserves. The geological complexity poses a key challenge, and a robust static reservoir model is a prerequisite for efficient reservoir management and for identifying viable Improved Oil Recovery (IOR) measures. Static models of the Baram field had previously been constructed. This modelling took in excess two years to complete and the models were segmented into 10 pieces, as technology during this period was unable to tackle complex fault geometries. Due to the results of the static / dynamic modelling being insufficiently robust when tested during a drilling campaign in 2009, the decision was made to remodel. The Baram subsurface team was challenged with building a static model which could be used for field management and IOR/EOR process selection and optimization within a six month timeframe. This is to allow for early investment decisions and an accelerated reversal of production decline. The key aspects of the fixed timeframe static model construction are described below. They consist of: The subdivision of the field into independent models. The utilization of a modern algorithm to model complex fault geometry. Nested stratigraphic modeling. Parallel property modeling and the re-combining of results into a single simulation grid to enable integrated reservoir simulation. A full focus on the importance of the timeline and early investment, plus the adoption of a variety of strategic project management measures and use of "state of the art" modeling technology can allow fit-for-purpose static models to be delivered on time.
Boundary detection of multiple related temporal duration of schedules in email (2011)

Emails are very popular method for information exchange between people. In this paper, an approach to annotate the starting time (stime) and ending time (etime) of duration in schedule notices is proposed. Most related works have reported on only seminar announcements, most of which contain only one schedule per announcement and are written in very restricted format. Different from those seminar announcements, an email frequently contains information about multiple schedules with highly complex format. To process the emails, the proposed system first detects and normalizes all time expressions of the email using regular expression patterns, and then determines which time expression actually represents stime and etime information of schedules. Evaluation is carried out on newly constructed Korean email corpus, and it shows 87.35 % of F1-score for stime and 85.13 % for etime.