gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drought tolerance in three hybrid poplar clones submitted to different watering regimes (2010)

Poplars grown in North China may experience water-deficient periods in their life cycle. The aim of the present paper was to quantify the response of three clones to different watering regimes and to determine which clone among the three is the best adapted to drought conditions.
Settling-Time Improvements in Positioning Machines Subject to Nonlinear Friction Using Adaptive Impulse Control (2006)

A new method of adaptive impulse control is developed to precisely and quickly control the position of machine components subject to friction. Friction dominates the forces affecting fine positioning dynamics. Friction can depend on payload, velocity, step size, path, initial position, temperature, and other variables. Control problems such as steady-state error and limit cycles often arise when applying conventional control techniques to the position control problem. Studies in the last few decades have shown that impulsive control can produce repeatable displacements as small as ten nanometers without limit cycles or steady-state error in machines subject to dry sliding friction. These displacements are achieved through the application of short duration, high intensity pulses. The relationship between pulse duration and displacement is seldom a simple function. The most dependable practical methods for control are self-tuning; they learn from online experience by adapting an internal control parameter until precise position control is achieved. To date, the best known adaptive pulse control methods adapt a single control parameter. While effective, the single parameter methods suffer from sub-optimal settling times and poor parameter convergence. To improve performance while maintaining the capacity for ultimate precision, a new control method referred to as Adaptive Impulse Control (AIC) has been developed. To better fit the nonlinear relationship between pulses and displacements, AIC adaptively tunes a set of parameters. Each parameter affects a different range of displacements. Online updates depend on the residual control error following each pulse, an estimate of pulse sensitivity, and a learning gain. After an update is calculated, it is distributed among the parameters that were used to calculate the most recent pulse. As the stored relationship converges to the actual relationship of the machine, pulses become more accurate and fewer pulses are needed to reach each desired destination. When fewer pulses are needed, settling time improves and efficiency increases. AIC is experimentally compared to conventional PID control and other adaptive pulse control methods on a rotary system with a position measurement resolution of 16000 encoder counts per revolution of the load wheel. The friction in the test system is nonlinear and irregular with a position dependent break-away torque that varies by a factor of more than 1.8 to 1. AIC is shown to improve settling times by as much as a factor of two when compared to other adaptive pulse control methods while maintaining precise control tolerances.
A field emission display based on double-gated driving scheme for quasi-one dimensional nanoemitters (2007)

Field emission display (FED) has been drawing continuous attention from industry and academic community. Attempts have been made to search for proper FED structure candidate for various nanoemitters which have been explored recently (Choi et al., 1999). To extend the possibility of applications of many newly found quasi-one dimensional nanoemitters material in FED, as well as to achieve high luminance, a device structure with double-gate driving scheme was proposed and tested. With this double-gate driving principle, patternless nanoemitters material, deposited on virtually any substrates, can be incorporated into FED application.
Breast carcinomas: why are they missed? (2006)

Several factors, including dense breast parenchyma obscuring a lesion, perception error, interpretation error, unusual lesion characteristics, and poor technique or positioning, are possible causes of missed breast cancers.
The inverse S-transform in filters with time-frequency localization (2005)

The S-transform provides a framework for data-adaptive filters which take advantage of time-frequency localized spectra. These filters basically consist in a data transformation to the time-frequency domain, the data-adaptive weighting of the localized spectra, and a back transformation. We illustrate that the inverse S-transform of manipulated spectra not necessarily transforms the localized signals as expected from the imposed weighting. The time localization is not directly translated and spurious signals and noise can be generated. We discuss this problem and suggest a new inverse S-transform, which may be helpful to many applications to take more advantage of the time-frequency localization.
Studies on singlet oxygen in aqueous solution. Part 2. Water-soluble square-planar nickel complexes as quenchers (1985)

Three water-soluble square-planar nickel complexes have been investigated as quenchers of 1O2 in aqueous solution, using anthracene-9,10-bis(ethanesulphonate) as a trap. Disodium [NN′-ethylenebis(5-sulphosalicylideneiminato)] nickelate(II) and its propylene analogue are efficient quenchers, with kQ= 1.6 × 109 and 1.3 × 109 dm3 mol–1 s–1 respectively. The value of kQ, for disodium [NN′-o-phenylenebis(5-sulphosalicylideneiminato)] nickelate(II) is much less, and seems to be concentration-dependent. This is attributed to aggregation, in agreement with the electronic and 1H n.m.r. spectra.
H++: a server for estimating pKas and adding missing hydrogens to macromolecules (2005)

The structure and function of macromolecules depend critically on the ionization (protonation) states of their acidic and basic groups. A number of existing practical methods predict protonation equilibrium pK constants of macromolecules based upon their atomic resolution Protein Data Bank (PDB) structures; the calculations are often performed within the framework of the continuum electrostatics model. Unfortunately, these methodologies are complex, involve multiple steps and require considerable investment of effort. Our web server http://biophysics.cs.vt.edu/H++ provides access to a tool that automates this process, allowing both experts and novices to quickly obtain estimates of pKs as well as other related characteristics of biomolecules such as isoelectric points, titration curves and energies of protonation microstates. Protons are added to the input structure according to the calculated ionization states of its titratable groups at the user-specified pH; the output is in the PQR (PDB + charges + radii) format. In addition, corresponding coordinate and topology files are generated in the format supported by the molecular modeling package AMBER. The server is intended for a broad community of biochemists, molecular modelers, structural biologists and drug designers; it can also be used as an educational tool in biochemistry courses.
[Mechanism of the antiherpetic action of bonafton]. (1981)

The mechanism of antiherpetic action of bonaphthon was studied in experimental herpetic keratitis of rabbits infected with herpes simplex type I virus (Koptev and IC strains). Electron microscopy demonstrated that the drug inhibits herpes virus production and proliferation of virus infection because of partial impairment of the nucleocapsid "assembly" in the cell nucleus. It is assumed that the action of bonaphthon may be consequent on the inhibition of the cell synthesis of cytoplasmatic proteins incorporated into the capsids and on the derangement of the transport of virus capsid components to the cell nucleus, where these components are assembled. It has been shown that the intensity of virus reproduction in the cells decreases threefold under the effect of bonaphthon as compared to control.
Direct moat isolation for VLSI (1981)

A direct moat isolation approach which overcomes scalability limitation of local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) is discussed. Short-channel effects on the subthreshold characteristics of the parasitic devices are studied using a two-dimensional model and compared with experimental measurements. Good device isolation is demonstrated in a parasitic device with a field oxide thickness of 550 nm and a minimum moat-to-moat spacing of 2 µm.
Radio outbursts in HR 1099 : quantitative analysis of flux spectrum and intensity distribution. (1987)

Activite des systemes RS CVn des RX mous jusqu'aux microondes. Interpretation du spectre de flux du sursaut de HR 1099 en termes de rayonnement gyrosynchrotron d'electrons non thermiques. On presente un calcul de ce rayonnement pour des electrons relativistes pieges dans une boucle magnetique
Genome‐wide detection and family clustering of ion channels (2001)

Ion channels represent an important class of molecules that can be classified into 13 distinct groups. We present a strategy using a "learning set" of well-annotated ion channel sequences to detect homologues in 32 entire genome sequences from Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. A total of 299 putative ion channel protein sequences were detected, with significant variations across species. The clustering of these sequences reveals complex relationships between the different ion channel families.
EFFECTS OF SOME GROWTH REGULATORS ON TILLER BUD ELONGATION IN CEREALS (1977)

SUMMARY The effects of foliar and root applied 6‐benzylamino‐9‐(tetrahydropyran‐2‐yl)‐9H‐purine (PBA), 6‐benzylamino‐purine (BAP), indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) or gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) on tiller bud growth were examined in cereal seedlings. Generally IAA and GA 3 inhibited tiller bud growth whilst the synthetic cytokinins both markedly promoted growth. Some observations on stem and root growth were also recorded. The results are discussed with respect to the diversion of both assimilates and cytokinins and appear to favour the view that tiller bud development is controlled by a competition for assimilates with the roots and main shoot.
Al-free Zr-zeolite beta as a regioselective catalyst in the Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reaction (2003)

Al-free Zr-zeolite beta catalyzes the transfer reduction of ketones to the corresponding alcohols in high yield and with exceptional stereocontrol. Notably, the catalyst is very robust and gives good results even with 10% water content in the reaction mixture.
Transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease from Man to the Guinea Pig (1975)

Intracerebral and intraperitoneal inoculation of two guinea pigs with biopsy material from a patient with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease produced a similar fatal encephalopathy characterized by status spongiosus 422 and 512 days after inoculation. Serial transmission of this disease from guinea pig to guinea pig was achieved in subsequent passages.
Occurrence of Cancer Among People With Mental Health Claims in an Insured Population (2004)

Insured people with mental disorder claims had an increased risk of certain malignancies and developed malignancies at younger ages. The increased odds of respiratory tumors are likely secondary to increased rates of smoking among people with mental disorders and support use of smoking cessation interventions in this population. The increased odds for brain tumors may reflect only the early presence of mental symptoms, or a true association between the two conditions. Further study of these findings is mandated.
Quercetin 3-O--(2-galloyl)-rhamnopyranoside promotes the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells or early progenitor cells into erythroid lineage in mice (2011)

Quercetin 3-O-β-(2-galloyl)-rhamnopyranoside (QGR) is a polyphenolic compound originally isolated from Persicaria lapathifolia S. F. Gray (Polygonacease). In the present study, we examined the erythropoietic potential of QGR in mouse bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNCs). BMNCs including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), early progenitor cells (EPCs), stromal cells and other precursor cells were isolated from femurs and tibias of 8 to 12-week-old male C57BL/6 mice. QGR significantly increased the cell viability of BMNCs even in hypoxic condition, and mRNA expressions of stem cell factor, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and erythropoietin from bone marrow stromal cells. In a colonogenic assay, formation of burst-forming unit-erythroid colony was enhanced by QGR treatment. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry against TER-119, a surface marker of erythroid precursor cells revealed that QGR enhanced the number of positive cells. These results suggest that QGR has erythropoietic effect by activating the differentiation of HSCs or EPCs in early stages of hematopoiesis.

	 

	Key words: Quercetin 3-O-β-(2-galloyl)-rhamnopyranoside, bone marrow mononuclear cells, bone marrow stromal cells, burst-forming unit-erythroid, erythropoiesis.
Root fractures due to corrosion Diagnostic aspects (1970)

Abstract— A series of 468 teeth with root fractures, mainly caused by corrosion of root canal pins and/or posts, was evaluated to determine the clinical and radiographic criteria which may be used in diagnosing these fractures. The fractures could be seen directly in a radiograph in only one‐third of the cases. Indirectly, evidence of a fracture could be demonstrated radiographically by the presence of corrosion products from the pin or post or by dissolution of the pin in 71.8 % of the cases. Marginal pocket formation, a widening, or blurring of the periodontal space was observed in 79.8% of the cases. In 53.8 % an apical radiolucency was present, whereas 10 cases (2.7 %) showed no radio‐graphic signs. The findings emphasize the importance of always considering the possibility of a root fracture when dealing with teeth containing pins, posts, and crowns.
Reattachment of a fractured maxillary incisor crown--case report. (1998)

Management of traumatic injuries to the teeth is a challenge to the practising dentist. It has no prescriptive method for occurring, possesses no significant predictable pattern of intensity or extensiveness and occurring at times when dentists are least prepared for it. It may not only leave physical scars but also a psychological impact on its victim. Yet, more than half of all children traumatize either their primary or permanent teeth before leaving the school, coupled with the dynamic panorama of sporting activity worldwide and the significant increase in violence among the populations. Tooth trauma and its management loom as a major challenge to the dental practitioner. A case of a 11 year old boy with Ellis Class 3 traumatic injury to the maxillary left central incisor is reported. A pulpectomy was performed followed by reinforcement and reattachment of the crown fragment and restoration with composite resin.
Imputation of missing single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes using a multivariate mixed model framework1 (2011)

The objective of this paper was to investigate, for various scenarios at low and high marker density, the accuracy of imputing genotypes when using a multivariate mixed model framework using information from 2, 4, or 10 surrounding markers. This model predicts genotypes at a locus, using genotypes at nearby loci as correlated traits, and the additive genetic relationship matrix to use information from genotyped relatives. For 2 scenarios this method was compared with the population-based imputation algorithms FastPHASE and Beagle. Accuracies of imputation were obtained with Monte Carlo simulation and predicted with selection index theory, using input from the simulated data. Five different scenarios of missing genotypes were considered: 1) genotypes of some loci are missing due to genotyping errors, 2) juvenile selection candidates are genotyped using a smaller SNP panel, 3) some animals in the pedigree of a breeding population are not genotyped, 4) juvenile selection candidates are not genotyped, and 5) 1 generation of animals in the top of the pedigree are not genotyped. Surrounding marker information did not improve accuracy of imputation when animals whose genotypes were imputed were not genotyped for those surrounding markers. When those animals were genotyped for surrounding markers, results indicated a limited gain when linkage disequilibrium (LD) between SNP was low, but a substantial increase in accuracy when LD between SNP was high. For scenario 1, using 1 vs. 11 SNP, accuracy was respectively 0.75 and 0.81 at low, and 0.75 and 0.93 at high density. For scenario 2, using 1 vs. 11 SNP, accuracy was, respectively, 0.70 and 0.73 at low, and 0.71 and 0.84 at high density. Beagle outperformed the other methods at high SNP density, whereas the multivariate mixed model was clearly superior when SNP density was low and animals where genotyped with a reduced SNP panel. The results showed that extending the univariate gene content method to a multivariate BLUP model with inclusion of surrounding marker information only yields greater imputation accuracy when the animals with imputed loci are at least genotyped for some SNP that are in LD with the SNP to be imputed. The equation derived from selection index theory accurately predicted the accuracy of imputation using the multivariate mixed model framework.
Run-length-limited codes with multiple spacing (1982)

The general characteristics of run-length-limited codes are briefly summarized. The relationship of three variables-minimum and maximum periods between transitions, and detection window-is demonstrated; and it is shown that the accuracy with which a code may be matched to the characteristics of the recording channel depends upon the flexibility with which these three variables may be manipulated through choice of code parameters. Standard run-length-limited coding, in which the two parameters d and k may be varied, is inflexible in this regard, due to the requirement that the ratio of the minimum period between transitions to the detection window be integral (i.e., d + 1). This limitation vanishes when the run-length constraints are generalized to include an additional degree of freedom: the spacing s of the code. The drawback of such "multiple-spaced" codes is the potentially infinite propagation of detection errors; however, it is shown that for the special case of double-spaced (s = 2) codes, this problem may be eliminated. A detection circuit that implements double-spaced codes is shown, and an example is given of an easily implemented double-spaced code.
Development of an Intravenous y-Globulin with Fc Activities (1977)

The reconversion of S-sulfonated antitetanus γ-globulin (S-GG) into the original γ-globulin was studied. S-sulfonate groups in S-GG could be converted into disulfide bonds in vitro. The conversion restored the greater part of both complement-fixing and skin-sensitizing activities. S-GG administered intravenously formed interchain disulfide bonds again in vivo, which was accompanied by restoration of the C-dependent passive hemolytic activity. Intravenous injection of S-GG did not cause a significant decrease in serum complement level.
Intermediate view synthesis from binocular images for stereoscopic applications (2002)

A new method was proposed in this paper for synthesizing intermediate views from binocular images captured by parallel cameras. The main techniques include: (1) predictive and multistage block-matching procedure for disparity estimation, (2) disparity interpolation for ill-correspondence and occlusion regions, and (3) image synthesis by hypothesized-and-tested block image rendering. The method features speedy (3 times) and accurate estimation of disparity map, as well as a tradeoff between synthesis quality (pixel-based disparities) and synthesis speed (4/spl times/4 block-based rendering). Experiments show that our synthesis results are generally good without distinctive defects and should be promising in the applications of 3-D virtual reality in entertainment, simulation, etc.
Fast Hardware Fourier Transformation Through Counting (1973)

Hardware Fourier transformations are considered with the goal of increasing speed through parallel operation. Two designs in which the basic element is a fast counter are developed. One is applicable when the number of transformed points N is prime while the other, requiring somewhat more hardware, is applicable to all N.
Approximation through interpolation in nonconvex multiobjective optimization (2011)

unknown accessibility
Metabolism and Toxicity of Trichloroethylene and S-(1,2-Dichlorovinyl)-L-Cysteine in Freshly Isolated Human Proximal Tubular Cells (2000)

Trichloroethylene (Tri) caused modest cytotoxicity in freshly isolated human proximal tubular (hPT) cells, as assessed by significant decreases in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity after 1 h of exposure to 500 microM Tri. Oxidative metabolism of Tri by cytochrome P-450 to form chloral hydrate (CH) was only detectable in kidney microsomes from one patient out of four tested and was not detected in hPT cells. In contrast, GSH conjugation of Tri was detected in cells from every patient tested. The kinetics of Tri metabolism to its GSH conjugate S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione (DCVG) followed biphasic kinetics, with apparent Km and Vmax values of 0.51 and 24.9 mM and 0.10 and 1.0 nmol/min per mg protein, respectively. S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC), the cysteine conjugate metabolite of Tri that is considered the penultimate nephrotoxic species, caused both time- and concentration-dependent increases in LDH release in freshly isolated hPT cells. Preincubation of hPT cells with 0.1 mM aminooxyacetic acid did not protect hPT cells from DCVC-induced cellular injury, suggesting that another enzyme besides the cysteine conjugate beta-lyase may be important in DCVC bioactivation. This study is the first to measure the cytotoxicity and metabolism of Tri and DCVC in freshly isolated cells from the human kidney. These data indicate that the pathway involved in the cytotoxicity and metabolism of Tri in hPT cells is the GSH conjugation pathway and that the cytochrome P-450-dependent pathway has little direct role in renal Tri metabolism in humans.
Active power management of a super capacitor-battery hybrid energy storage system for standalone operation of DFIG based wind turbines (2012)

This paper presents an energy management strategy for a hybrid energy storage system for a wind dominated remote area power supply (RAPS) system consisting of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), a battery storage system, a super-capacitor, a dump load and main loads. Operation of a battery storage system is coordinated with a supercapacitor with a view to improve the life span of the battery. In this regard, the battery storage system is connected to the load side of the system while the supercapacitor is connected to DC bus of the back-to-back converter of the DFIG. The operation of the hybrid energy storage system is coordinated through the implementation of an energy management algorithm (EMA) which is developed with a view to reduce the depth of discharge (DOD) and ripple content of the battery current. The dump load is connected to the load side of the system which utilises the power in situations that can not be handled via energy storage system. In addition, a novel coordination method has been proposed to coordinate the power flows among all system components with a view to regulate the power flow and thereby ensuring the robust voltage and frequency control on the load side and capturing the maximum power from wind.
Suicide and non-suicide mortality after self-harm in Taipei City, Taiwan (2012)

Patterns of increased all-cause and suicide mortality following an episode of self-harm are similar in Taipei City to those seen in Western countries. Designing better aftercare following non-fatal self-harm, particularly for those with underlying physical disorders or who have used lethal self-harm methods, should be a priority for suicide prevention programmes in Asia.