gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strukturuntersuchung von polyestern durch direkten abbau im massenspektrometer, 2. Aliphatische polyester (1976)

Abstract Die Abbaureaktionen von Polyestern aus Adipinsäure und Äthylenglykol 1a , Tetradeuteroäthylenglykol 1b , 1,3‐Propandiol 1c und 2,2′‐Oxydiäthanol 1d sowie aus Bernsteinsäure und Äthylenglykol 2a , 1,4‐Butandiol 2b und 2,2‐Dimethyl‐1,3‐propandiol 2c wurden im Massenspektrometer untersucht. Die Polymeren wurden direkt in der Ionenquelle des Massenspektrometers pyrolysiert und die entstehenden thermischen Bruchstükke durch Elektronenstoß ionisiert und fragmentiert. Die Pyrolyse‐ und Fragmentierungsreaktionen lassen sich nebeneinander nachweisen. Die Kenntnis der Mechanismen beider Abbauschritte ermöglicht es, strukturisomere Polyester zu unterscheiden.
ADVANCES IN CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION - MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES (1990)

Concrete mix techniques have continued to advance in Europe, with high performance concretes now being commonplace. In Norway, for example, the GuIIfaks C Platform - the biggest offshore platform to date located in a water depth of 216 metres - is 262 metres high with a displacement of 1.5 million tonnes.
Scale-up of miscible flood processes. Annual report (1992)

Results of a wide-ranging investigation of the scaling of the physical mechanisms of miscible floods are reported. Advanced techniques for analysis of crude oils are considered in Chapter 2. Application of supercritical fluid chromatography is demonstrated for characterization of crude oils for equation-of-state calculations of phase equilibrium. Results of measurements of crude oil and phase compositions by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry are also reported. The theory of development of miscibility is considered in detail in Chapter 3. The theory is extended to four components, and sample solutions for a variety of gas injection systems are presented. The analytical theory shows that miscibility can develop even though standard tie-line extension criteria developed for ternary systems are not satisfied. In addition, the theory includes the first analytical solutions for condensing/vaporizing gas drives. In Chapter 4, methods for simulation of viscous fingering are considered. The scaling of the growth of transition zones in linear viscous fingering is considered. In addition, extension of the models developed previously to three dimensions is described, as is the inclusion of effects of equilibrium phase behavior. In Chapter 5, the combined effects of capillary and gravity-driven crossflow are considered. The experimental results presented show that very high recovery can be achieved by gravity segregation when interfacial tensions are moderately low. We argue that such crossflow mechanisms are important in multicontact miscible floods in heterogeneous reservoirs. In addition, results of flow visualization experiments are presented that illustrate the interplay of crossflow driven by gravity with that driven by viscous forces.
AR-planning tool: designing flexible manufacturing systems with augmented reality (2002)

The technology of augmented reality (AR), as a new user interface, introduces a completely new perspective for the design of technical manufacturing systems. This technique supports a face to face collaboration where users need to be able to easily cooperate with each other. As with typical construction sets like LEGO or Fischertechnik, the planning engineers model the future manufacturing system in their real environment. The components are taken from virtual construction sets and are positioned interactively in the manufacturing hall. Planning rules are used to assist the user and to prevents possible errors. This article describes the conception of a virtual construction set and the realization of its prototype. The description of the development of this construction set is supplemented by an illustration of the used hardware and software components.
High-Frequency Strain Gauge and Accelerometer Calibration (1958)

A method and apparatus are described for calibrating bonded wire resistance strain gauges in the frequency range from 2 kc to 20 kc. The gauges are mounted on an electromagnetically excited, longitudinally resonant bar whose amplitude of vibration is measured by an interferometer. Factors affecting the frequency sensitivity relationship of bonded wire strain gauges are discussed and a typical calibration is given. Application of strain gauge assemblies calibrated in this manner as secondary standards for accelerometer calibration is discussed. (The work described herein was accomplished under sponsorship of the Quartermaster Corps, U. S. Army.)
Australian Farm Survey Results (2005)

Results of a survey conducted of broadcare farms in Australia are discussed. Several key aspects such as financial performance of the farms as well as performance by state and performance by industry are highlighted.
Superimposed fringe projection for three-dimensional shape acquisition by image analysis (2009)

The aim in this work is the development of an image analysis technique for 3D shape acquisition, based on luminous fringe projections. In more detail, the method is based on the simultaneous use of several projectors, which is desirable whenever the surface under inspection has a complex geometry, with undercuts or shadow areas. In these cases, the usual fringe projection technique needs to perform several acquisitions, each time moving the projector or using several projectors alternately. Besides the procedure of fringe projection and phase calculation, an unwrap algorithm has been developed in order to obtain continuous phase maps needed in following calculations for shape extraction. With the technique of simultaneous projections, oriented in such a way to cover all of the surface, it is possible to increase the speed of the acquisition process and avoid the postprocessing problems related to the matching of different point clouds.
Battery operation of superconducting magnet (1996)

Battery energy can be used for superconducting magnet operation if the current of the battery is controllable. Several current-control methods are discussed: variation of electrolyte temperature, variation of exposed electrode area, and the mechanical switching of cells. A circuit for continuously controlling the current using mechanical switches was proposed and a demonstration experiment, in which "D" size Ni-Cd batteries were used for the smooth control of the current up to 45 A, was successfully performed.
Meniere's Disease and the Peak Audiogram (1982)

Pure tone audiograms of 300 patients with Meniere's disease and 400 patients without Meniere's disease were compared for prevalence of a high-frequency peak configuration. Prevalence rate of 42% for a peak audiogram was observed in ears diagnosed with Meniere's disease compared with 6% for patients with cochlear hearing loss not attributed to Meniere's disease, and 7% for normal hearing patients. Prevalence of the peak audiogram in patients with Meniere's disease was significantly greater than either of the patient groups without Meniere's disease. Prevalence of peak audiogram was affected by duration and bilaterality of Meniere's disease, but not by the degree of hearing loss. A classification system is proposed for describing the peak audiogram based on the severity of the peak configuration and the degree of hearing loss.
Factors Associated With Diabetes Onset During Metformin Versus Placebo Therapy in the Diabetes Prevention Program (2007)

In the Diabetes Prevention Program, treatment of subjects with impaired glucose tolerance with metformin >3.2 years reduced the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 30% compared with placebo. This study describes the mechanisms of this effect. In proportional hazards regression models with 2,155 subjects, changes in weight, the insulinogenic index (IGR), fasting insulin, and proinsulin were predictive of diabetes, though to different degrees within each group. The mean change in weight, fasting insulin, and proinsulin, but not IGR, differed between groups during the study. The 1.7-kg weight loss with metformin versus a 0.3-kg gain with placebo alone explained 64% of the beneficial metformin effect on diabetes risk. Adjustment for weight, fasting insulin, proinsulin, and other metabolic factors combined explained 81% of the beneficial metformin effect, but it remained nominally significant (P = 0.034). After the addition of changes in fasting glucose, 99% of the group effect was explained and is no longer significant. Treatment of high-risk subjects with metformin results in modest weight loss and favorable changes in insulin sensitivity and proinsulin, which contribute to a reduction in the risk of diabetes apart from the associated reductions in fasting glucose.
Human Factors in Urban Transportation Systems (1975)

Urban growth and the development of the megalopolis have forced a re-examination of all urban transportation systems in terms of their ability to satisfy human needs and preferences. Encouraging the re-emergence of public transportation in cities requires a total assessment of the physical and behavioral characteristics of the user population as well as their economic, social, and esthetic preferences. This population includes many groups not normally considered in human engineering design, such as the physically or functionally handicapped and the aged. Existing data am reviewed and research needs are identified for the design of urban transportation systems.
S-Band Doppler Wave Radar System (2017)

In this paper, a novel shore-based S-band microwave Doppler coherent wave radar (Microwave Ocean Remote SEnsor (MORSE)) is designed to improve wave measurements. Marine radars, which operate in the X band, have been widely used for ocean monitoring because of their low cost, small size and flexibility. However, because of the non-coherent measurements and strong absorption of X-band radio waves by rain, these radar systems suffer considerable performance loss in moist weather. Furthermore, frequent calibrations to modify the modulation transfer function are required. To overcome these shortcomings, MORSE, which operates in the S band, was developed by Wuhan University. Because of the coherent measurements of this sensor, it is able to measure the radial velocity of water particles via the Doppler effect. Then the relation between the velocity spectrum and wave height spectrum can be used to obtain the wave height spectra. Finally, wave parameters are estimated from the wave height spectra by the spectrum moment method. Comparisons between MORSE and Waverider MKIII are conducted in this study, and the results, including the non-directional wave height spectra, significant wave height and average wave period, are calculated and displayed. The correlation coefficient of the significant wave height is larger than 0.9, whereas that of the average wave period is approximately 0.4, demonstrating the effectiveness of MORSE for the continuous monitoring of ocean areas with high accuracy.
Puerperal hypertension, stroke, and seizures after suppression of lactation with bromocriptine. (1985)

The "absolute safety" of bromocriptine as a drug of choice in suppression of lactation is questioned. Two cases of cerebrovascular events after the use of bromocriptine for lactation suppression are presented, and the available, pertinent literature is reviewed.
Data Poisoning Attacks on Factorization-Based Collaborative Filtering (2016)

Recommendation and collaborative filtering systems are important in modern information and e-commerce applications. As these systems are becoming increasingly popular in the industry, their outputs could affect business decision making, introducing incentives for an adversarial party to compromise the availability or integrity of such systems. We introduce a data poisoning attack on collaborative filtering systems. We demonstrate how a powerful attacker with full knowledge of the learner can generate malicious data so as to maximize his/her malicious objectives, while at the same time mimicking normal user behavior to avoid being detected. While the complete knowledge assumption seems extreme, it enables a robust assessment of the vulnerability of collaborative filtering schemes to highly motivated attacks. We present efficient solutions for two popular factorization-based collaborative filtering algorithms: the \emph{alternative minimization} formulation and the \emph{nuclear norm minimization} method. Finally, we test the effectiveness of our proposed algorithms on real-world data and discuss potential defensive strategies.
Probabilistic aerothermal design of compressor airfoils (2003)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003.
A Parallel Multi-Classifiers System for Mechanical Fault Recognition (2018)

This paper addresses the problem of detection and gnosis mechanical faults using vibration analysis. In this work, a novel multiple classifier fusion system is proposed. The diagnosis process is performed in two steps. Firstly, the acquired signals are classified using a neural network in parallel with a genetic fuzzy classifier. And then, the outputs of the two classifiers are combined and fed into another neural network to produce a final decision. The proposed scheme is tested on real signals of different mechanical faults. The experimental results show that the system outperforms individual classifiers and able to achieve classification success rate of about 97.6%.
Genetic marker study of dentinogenesis imperfecta. (1992)

DGI-II has been linked to the group specific component (Gc) on 4q and to interferon induced protein 10 (INP10) on 4q. We studied a three generation family with DGI-II along with a four generation DGI-II family to more precisely place DGI-II in the existing genetic map of 4q and to determine if genetic heterogeneity existed between various DGI-II families. Affected family members had brownish discoloration of the teeth, enamel fracturing and radiographic evidence of coronal and radicular pulp chamber obliteration. Thirteen polymorphic markers on 4q were studied including D4S35, D4S1, ALB, Gc, MGSA, AR, INP10, ADH3, FGFB, EGF, IL2, IF, and MNS. Gc and MNS blood group antigen typing were done using commercial SERA. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using Southern blotting was done on the remaining markers. Pairwise linkage analysis was performed using the procedures of Morton. Tight linkage between DGI-II and eleven genetic markers, including Gc and EGF, was excluded. The tightest linkage with DGI-II was identified with the probe INP10 at theta = 0.0 with lod = +3.91. However, INP10 RFLP differences were detected between the families, such that DGI-II correlated with different alleles in each family. Results from this study demonstrated that DGI-II may possibly arise from more than one genetic mutation.
Stereoselective Glycosylation Reactions with Chiral Auxiliaries (2005)

Good neighbors: A chiral auxiliary is used for the first time to control the anomeric selectivity of glycosylation reactions. In this approach, upon treatment with an activator A+, neighboring-group participation of an (S)-ethoxycarbonylbenzyl auxiliary at C2 leads to the formation of 1,2-cis glycosides, probably via a trans-fused ethyloxonium ion intermediate (see scheme). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z461745_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The cardiovascular effects of obstructive sleep apnoeas: analysis of pathogenic mechanisms (1994)

Obstructive sleep apnoeas (OSA) exert immediate marked cardiovascular effects, and may favour the development of systemic and pulmonary hypertension in the long-term. As for the pathogenesis of the acute cardiovascular changes, the first studies high-lighted the role of OSA-induced hypoxia and mechanical changes. However, more recent work pointed to the role played by the arousal reaction terminating OSA, and to the activity of the autonomic nervous system during apnoea and inter-apnoeic phase. As for the pathogenesis of chronic cardiovascular changes, recent findings suggest that the link between OSA and systemic hypertension may be through an abnormal function of the carotid body and underline the importance of chronic intermittent hypoxia versus continuous hypoxia in the development of stable systemic hypertension. On the other hand, OSA do not appear to enhance strongly the development of stable pulmonary hypertension. In this review, we analyze OSA-induced cardiovascular changes with particular emphasis on to the interplay of the possible pathogenic mechanisms involved. Acute OSA-induced cardiovascular alterations during the apnoeic phase appear to result mainly from the mechanical effects of OSA, while during the interapnoeic phase they seem mostly determined by chemical factors (hypoxia, hypercapnia) and by the arousal reaction. In addition, the role of reflex changes elicited by resumption of ventilation should be reconsidered, since lung inflation seems to exert a positive effect on the cardiovascular changes occurring at the end of OSA. This would be in contrast with the inhibitory effects described as "lung inflation reflex", and deserves further study.
Contractile arrest accelerates myosin heavy chain degradation in neonatal rat heart cells (1992)

Mechanical forces influence the growth and metabolism of a variety of cells, including cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. To determine whether mechanical activity affected the synthesis and turnover of myosin heavy chain (MHC) in these striated muscle cells, MHC fractional degradative rates were measured in spontaneously beating cells and in arrested myocytes in which contractile activity was prevented by L-channel blockade (with verapamil, nifedipine, nisoldipine, and diltiazem) or K+ depolarization. MHC degradative rates were measured as the difference between rates of MHC synthesis and accumulation and in pulse-chase biosynthetic labeling experiments. Both methods indicated that contractile arrest markedly increased MHC degradation. Contractile arrest produced by L-channel blockade accelerated MHC degradation to a greater extent than K+ depolarization. The signal transduction pathway linking contractile activity to alterations in MHC degradation did not involve protein kinase C (PKC), because MHC degradation was unaffected by activating PKC in arrested cells or inhibiting PKC in spontaneously beating cells. Chloroquine and E-64 did not suppress the accelerated MHC degradation, suggesting that the rate-limiting step in MHC turnover occurred before degradative processing by cellular proteinases. Using a computer simulation, we hypothesize that the rate-limiting step in MHC turnover preceded (or was coincident with) MHC release from thick filaments. Thus mechanical forces may influence MHC half-life by regulating the rate of myosin disassembly.
Anion Recognition Strategies Based on Combined Noncovalent Interactions (2017)

This review highlights the most significant examples of an emerging field in the design of highly selective anion receptors. To date, there has been remarkable progress in the binding and sensing of anions. This has been driven in part by the discovery of ways to construct effective anion binding receptors using the dominant N-H functional groups and neutral and cationic C-H hydrogen bond donors, as well as underexplored strong directional noncovalent interactions such as halogen-bonding and anion-π interactions. In this review, we will describe a new and promising strategy for constructing anion binding receptors with distinct advantages arising from their elaborate design, incorporating multiple binding sites able to interact cooperatively with anions through these different kinds of noncovalent interactions. Comparisons with control species or solely hydrogen-bonding analogues reveal unique characteristics in terms of strength, selectivity, and interaction geometry, representing important advances in the rising field of supramolecular chemistry.
Identification of an additional gene required for eukaryotic nonsense mRNA turnover. (1995)

Loss of function of any one of three UPF genes prevents the accelerated decay of nonsense mRNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We report the identification and DNA sequence of UPF3, which is present in one nonessential copy on chromosome VII. Upf3 contains three putative nuclear localization signal sequences, suggesting that it may be located in a different compartment than the cytoplasmic Upf1 protein. Epitope-tagged Upf3 (FLAG-Upf3) does not cofractionate with polyribosomes or 80S ribosomal particles. Double disruptions of UPF1 and UPF3 affect nonsense mRNA decay in a manner indistinguishable from single disruptions. These results suggest that the Upf proteins perform related functions in a common pathway.
Clinical Pharmacology of Oral Antidiabetic Agents (1977)

The oral hypoglycemic agents available in the United States (Fig. 1) include the sulfonylureas tolbutamide (Orinase), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), acetohexamide (Dymelor), tolazamide (Tolinase) and the biguanide phenformin hydrochloride (DBI, DBI-TD).Since the clinical introduction of oral hypoglycemic agents 20 years ago, a large number of diabetic patients have been treated with these drugs, and much animal experimentation has been carried out. With the publication of the results of the controversial University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP), questions have been raised regarding the use of oral hypoglycemic agents. This review will in part address itself to this problem.Sulfonylureas and PhenforminPharmacology Absorption . . .
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the brain: metabolism and neuroprotection (2011)

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are a group of essential fatty acids that serve as energy substrates and integral membrane components, and therefore play crucial roles in the maintenance of normal neurological function. Recent studies show that n-3 PUFAs display neuroprotective properties and exert beneficial effects on the cognitive function with aging. The brain's need of n-3 PUFAs is predominantly met by the blood delivery due to their limited synthesis in the brain. The present review focuses on the metabolism of n-3 PUFAs in the brain, including their accumulation and turnover. We also highlight the current understanding of the neuroprotective effects of n-3 PUFAs against cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
Clinical and cellular effects of colchicine in fibromatosis (1992)

The proliferating cells in fibromatoses are myofibroblasts that produce abundant stromal collagen and contain intracellular native and widely spaced collagen fibers. To assess the clinical and cellular effects of colchicine in such tumors, this drug was administered to three patients, one with musculoaponeurotic desmoid fibromatosis, one with Dupuytren's palmar fibromatosis, and one with Peyronie's disease. All three patients had an excellent clinical response, with reduction of tumor size and improvement of contracture. Two cases were studied ultrastructurally; the main cellular changes detected were collapse of the rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, reduction of myofilaments, and disappearance of intracellular widely spaced collagen. The findings from this study indicate another probable application for colchicine and support the concept that collagen fibers can be formed intracellularly.