gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation of vasoactive peptide bradykinin from human umbilical vein endothelium-bound high molecular weight kininogen by plasma kallikrein (1992)

High molecular weight kininogen (HK) is a multifunctional plasma glycoprotein that occupies a critical position in pathways that link inflammation and coagulation. It is an inhibitor of sulfhydryl proteases and has procoagulant properties. It is also a source of the vasoactive peptide bradykinin (BK). It has been previously shown that HK binds to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in culture. We have further characterized that interaction herein. Immunohistochemical experiments have indicated that when freshly obtained umbilical vein segments were treated with HK, washed, and probed with anti-HK antibodies, HK was localized on the endothelium. We next determined whether HUVEC-bound HK can be cleaved by plasma kallikrein to release BK. Cultured HUVEC were incubated with unlabeled HK for varying times, washed, and the kinetics of BK release by plasma kallikrein were assayed by radioimmunoassay. Results indicated that kallikrein released BK from HUVEC in proportion to the initial amount of bound HK. No release of BK occurred in the absence of kallikrein. Also, there was no BK release upon kallikrein treatment of the HUVEC not treated with exogenous HK. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography of HUVEC-bound 125I-HK indicated that addition of kallikrein resulted in cleavage of HK, thus corroborating the BK release experiments. Comparison of cleavage patterns has also indicated that cell-bound HK is slightly less susceptible to digestion by kallikrein than free HK. Therefore, our data suggest that human HK can bind to vascular endothelium in situ and that plasma kallikrein can recognize endothelial-bound HK as a substrate and liberate the vasoactive peptide BK.
Degradable star polymers with high “click” functionality (2009)

Abstract Degradable polyester‐based star polymers with a high level of functionality in the arms were synthesized via the “arms first” approach using an acetylene‐functional block copolymer macroinitiator. This was achieved by using 2‐hydroxyethyl 2′‐methyl‐2′‐bromopropionate to initiate the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of caprolactone monomer followed by an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of a protected acetylene monomer, (trimethylsilyl)propargyl methacrylate. The hydroxyl end‐group of the resulting block copolymer macroinitiator was subsequently crosslinked under ROP conditions using a bislactone monomer, 4,4′‐bioxepanyl‐7,7′‐dione, to generate a degradable core crosslinked star (CCS) polymer with protected acetylene groups in the corona. The trimethylsilyl‐protecting groups were removed to generate a CCS polymer with an average of 1850 pendent acetylene groups located in the outer block segment of the arms. The increased functionality of this CCS polymer was demonstrated by attaching azide‐functionalized linear polystyrene via a copper (I)‐catalyzed cycloaddition reaction between the azide and acetylene groups. This resulted in a CCS polymer with “brush‐like” arm structures, the grafted segment of which could be liberated via hydrolysis of the polyester star structure to generate molecular brushes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1485–1498, 2009
Une émeute à Rome au IVe siècle (Ammien Marcellin, XXVII, 3, 3-4 : essai d'interprétation) (1961)

Dans ce passage, Ammien Marcellin nous rapporte l'émeute de 375 contre Symmaque le père suscitée par la déclaration qu'on lui prêtait qu'il préférait éteindre la chaux avec son vin que de le vendre au prix demandé. Cette émeute nous est également connue par la correspondance et les discours de Symmaque le fils. Le faux bruit à l'origine de cette émeute s'explique par la pratique, connue par Pline l'Ancien, d'éteindre la chaux avec du vin pour obtenir le revêtement hydraulique appelé «malthe », revêtement dont il est longuement question dans Palladius. Il doit être mis en rapport, non avec l'opposition des grands seigneurs romains à la politique de Valentinien, mais avec les avantages vinaires obtenus, lors de la préfecture de la Ville de Symmaque, par la corporation des chaufourniers et voituriers. C'était là une compensation pour le surcroît dé travail résultant des constructions d'utilité publique auxquelles présida Symmaque lors de sa préfecture et même après.
Self-Organization during Friction in Complex Surface Engineered Tribosystems (2010)

Self-organization during friction in complex surface engineered tribosystems is investigated. The probability of self-organization in these complex tribosystems is studied on the basis of the theoretical concepts of irreversible thermodynamics. It is shown that a higher number of interrelated processes within the system result in an increased probability of self-organization. The results of this thermodynamic model are confirmed by the investigation of the wear performance of a novel Ti0.2Al0.55Cr0.2Si0.03Y0.02N/Ti0.25Al0.65Cr0.1N (PVD) coating with complex nano-multilayered structure under extreme tribological conditions of dry high-speed end milling of hardened H13 tool steel.
A-Ring-Substituted Estrogen-3-<i>O</i>-sulfamates:  Potent Multitargeted Anticancer Agents (2005)

Efficient and flexible syntheses of 2-substituted estrone, estradiol and their 3-O-sulfamate (EMATE) derivatives have been developed using directed ortho-lithiation methodology. 2-Substituted EMATEs display a similar antiproliferative activity profile to the corresponding estradiols against a range of human cancer cell lines. 2-Methoxy (3, 4), 2-methylsulfanyl (20, 21) and 2-ethyl EMATEs (32, 33) proved the most active compounds with 2-ethylestradiol-3-O-sulfamate (33), displaying a mean activity over the NCI 55 cell line panel 80-fold greater than the established anticancer agent 2-methoxyestradiol (2). 2-Ethylestradiol-3-O-sulfamate (33) was also an effective inhibitor of angiogenesis using three in vitro markers, and various 2-substituted EMATEs also proved to be inhibitors of steroid sulfatase (STS), a therapeutic target for the treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer. The potential of this novel class of multimechanism anticancer agents was confirmed in vivo with good activity observed in the NCI hollow fiber assay and in a MDA-MB-435 xenograft mouse model.
Automatable radiometric detection of growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in selective media. (1977)

The formulation of media for selective, automatable, radiometric detection of growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro is described. Palmitic-1 acid labeled with carbon-14 and formic-14C acid were compared as substrate sources of [14C]O2 in media deficient in carbohydrate and containing appropriate antimicrobial agents that are not active against tubercle bacilli. A preliminary clinical laboratory study of a medium containing 4 microCi palmitic-1-14C acid per ml showed that this method might provide the basis for practical laboratory use.
Regiospecific two-step synthesis of optically active allylic terpenyl thiols (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegiospecific two-step synthesis of optically active allylic terpenyl thiolsA. Gadras, J. Dunogues, R. Calas, and G. DelerisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 3, 442–444Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00177a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00177a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views143Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Hemoglobin as a receptor of drugs and peptides: x-ray studies of the stereochemistry of binding (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHemoglobin as a receptor of drugs and peptides: x-ray studies of the stereochemistry of bindingMax F. Perutz, Giulio. Fermi, Donald J. Abraham, Claude. Poyart, and E. BursauxCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 5, 1064–1078Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00265a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00265a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1049Altmetric-Citations250LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification and evaluation of VOCs evolved from warm season swine mortality composts (2008)

The intensive production of swine in Iowa (28.4 % of the U.S.A production) inevitably results in high amounts of piggery waste including animal carcasses. Composting is an environmentally sound and relatively inexpensive method to dispose swine mortalities especially when the carcasses are diseased. Measurement of VOC emissions is an alternative to test progress and completion of the process. In this study, diseased swine mortalities are composted in summer conditions of Central Iowa. Corn silage, oat straw and corn stalks are used as envelope materials. Once a week, air samples are collected from the center of test units and sampled with 85 m Carboxen/ polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber. Samples were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) - mass spectrometry (MS). The objective of the study is to investigate the potential usage of VOCs as indicators of swine mortality degradation. It is found that nitrogen and sulfur containing compounds can be used as indicators of the composting process. Sulfur-containing compounds are detected from all test units. Nitrogen-containing compounds are detected from only corn silage test units. It is concluded that carcass degradation is incomplete in all of the test units. Carcass degradation in corn stalks and oat straw test units is better than corn silage test units. These results are supported with respiration rate results. Respiration rates of the remaining swine carcasses are found to be between 5-7 mg CO2-C g VS-1d-1 and swine carcasses are categorized as moderately unstable composts.
SUCCESSIVE DECAYS FROM Pr<sup>137</sup> AND Ce<sup>137<i>m</i></sup>: DECAY OF ADJACENT PRASEODYMIUM ISOTOPES (1958)

The decay of Pr 137 entirely to a 9.0-hour ground state of Ce 137 was independently discovered. By allowed electron capture, Ce 137 decays predominantly to a low-lying state of La 137 , with only a 3% branching to a 440-kev excited state. The 440-kev transition is at least predominantly E2 in character.A 34.4-hour isomeric state produced by the La 139 (p, 3n)Ce 137m reaction decays by a 254.5-kev M4 transition to the 9-hour -ground state. A 0.6% branching was found from the isomeric state directly to a small group of apparently high spin states in La 137 .Studies of mass-separated isotopes confirmed the existence of 1.5-hour Pr 137 and 1.0-hour Pr 136 . The K-capture to positron branching ratios observed in the decay of Pr 139 , Pr 138 , Pr 137 , and Pr 136 show that these isotopes decay by allowed transitions to their cerium daughters. Characteristic gamma rays were observed.
Comparison of Staphylococcus aureus strains for ability to cause infective endocarditis and lethal sepsis in rabbits (2012)

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of infective endocarditis (IE) and sepsis. Both methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) strains cause these illnesses. Common S. aureus strains include pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) types USA200, 300, and 400 types where we hypothesize that secreted virulence factors contribute to both IE and sepsis. Rabbit cardiac physiology is considered similar to humans, and rabbits exhibit susceptibility to S. aureus superantigens (SAgs) and cytolysins. As such, rabbits are an excellent model for studying IE and sepsis, which over the course of four days develop IE vegetations and/or fatal septicemia. We examined the ability of MRSA and MSSA strains (4 USA200, 2 USA300, 2 USA400, and three additional common strains, FRI1169, Newman, and COL) to cause vegetations and lethal sepsis in rabbits. USA200, TSST-1(+) strains that produce only low amounts of α-toxin, exhibited modest LD(50) in sepsis (1 × 10(8) - 5 × 10(8)) colony-forming units (CFUs), and 3/4 caused significant IE. USA200 strain MNPE, which produces high-levels of α-toxin, was both highly lethal (LD(50) 5 × 10(6) CFUs) and effective in causing IE. In contrast, USA300 strains were highly effective in causing lethal sepsis (LD(50)s 1 × 10(6) and 5 × 10(7) CFUs) but were minimally capable of causing IE. Strain Newman, which is phylogenetically related to USA300 strains, was not highly lethal (LD(50) of 2 × 10(9) CFUs) and was effective in causing IE. USA400 strains were both highly lethal (LD(50)s of 1 × 10(7) and 5 × 10(7) CFUs) and highly effective causes of IE. The menstrual TSS isolate FRI1169, that is TSST-1(+), produces high-levels of α-toxin, but is not USA200, was both highly lethal and effective in causing IE. Additional studies showed that phenol soluble modulins (PSMs) produced by FRI1169 were important for sepsis but did not contribute to IE. Our studies show that these clonal groups of S. aureus differ in abilities to cause IE and lethal sepsis and suggest that secreted virulence factors, including SAgs and cytolysins, account for some of these differences.
Named Entity Recognition by Neural Sliding Window (2008)

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is an important subtask of document processing such as Information Extraction. This paper describes a NER algorithm which uses a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) to find and classify entities in natural language text. In particular we use the MLP to implement a new supervised context-based NER approach called Sliding Window Neural (SWiN). The SWiN method is a good solution for domains where the documents are grammatically ill-formed and it is difficult to exploit the features derived from linguistic analysis. Experiments indicate good accuracy compared with traditional approaches and demonstrate the system's portability.
Fate and Bioavailability of Engineered Nanoparticles in Soils: A Review (2014)

Interactions within natural soils have often been neglected when assessing fate and bioavailability of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) in soils. This review combines patchwise ENM research using natural soils with the much wider literature on ENM performed in standard tests or on the fate of colloids in soils, and an analysis of the diverse ENM characteristics determining availability from the soil organisms’ perspective to assess the main soil characteristics that determine the fate, speciation, and ultimately bioavailability of ENM in natural soils. Predominantly salinity, texture, pH, concentration, and nature of mobile organic compounds and degree of saturation determine ENM bioavailability.
Chemical nature and thermal decomposition behavior of tartaric acid multilayers on rutile TiO2(110) (2019)

R,R-tartaric acid (RR-TA) thermal stability and decomposition on the rutile TiO2(110) surface was investigated by temperature programmed desorption. The authors show that a majority of RR-TA molecules are desorbed intact from multilayers at around 340 K, while they decompose from the first chemisorbed layer between 460 and 480 K. Complementary information on the chemical nature of RR-TA in the multilayer regime was gained by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which shows that biacid molecules form the multilayer while they are monotartrate at the interface.
On the Positions of the Equivalent Poles of a Magnetized Bar to be Tested by the Magnetometer Method. (Part II) The Case of Tungsten Magnet Steel and K.S. Magnet Steel (1955)

The distribution of free magnetism on bars of tungsten magnet steel and K.S. magnet steel in various states of magnetization has been measured by shifting a search coil along the axis of the specimens, and using the data obtained here, the positions of equivalent poles, when the axes of the two coils in the magnetometer method are on the same line or in parallel, have been calculated by means of the equations deduced previously by the present investigators and Mr. G. Otomo. And it has been found that the positions of equivalent poles of the specimens are remarkably influenced not only by the relative position of the magnetized specimen and the magnetometer, the distance btween them and the states of magnetization of specimens, but also by the sort of materials.
Reduced-St at e BC JR- type Algorithms (2000)

In this paper, we propose a technique to reduce the number of trellis states in BCJR-type algorithms, i.e., algorithms with a structure similar to that of the well-known algorithm by Bahl, Cocke, Jelinek and Raviv (BCJR). This work is inspired by reduced-state sequence detection (RSSD). The key idea is the construction, during one of the recursions, of a survivor map, relative to the reduced-state trel- lis, to be used in the other recursion. I. BCJR-TYPE ALGORITHMS We assume that a source emits a sequence of independent and identically distributed information symbols {ah} which is transmitted through a channel modeled as having a finite memory, possibly by means of some approximations as in (l). Denoting by zf = {Zk}f=I the sequence of samples at the input of the receiver, where K is the transmission length and Zk is the observation vector at the k-th signaling interval, and by ek(m',m) the branch which connects state Sk = m' to state sk+l = m, we assume that the BCJR algorithm (2) can be generalized as p(ak = i1.f) = P{ak = i}C7k(ek)ak(ek)P k(ek)P{S-(ek)} cy:a(c+i
Low-Profile Jamming Technology for Medical Rehabilitation (2015)

Integrating novel feedback mechanisms into wearable devices could support medical rehabilitation applications and enhance existing interaction methods. One such feedback mechanism is layer jamming, which can be used to alter material stiffness in real time under computer control. Jamming can be integrated into smart garments, allowing clothing to adapt to environmental conditions or support a particular user task. For example, a person with a knee injury that requires restricted movement for their treatment would normally wear a knee brace. Layer jamming-enabled smart pants can be integrated as part of the treatment to restrict both speed and angular movement of the affected joint during recovery. This article explores the use of smart materials that combine low-profile jamming with clothing items for computer-controlled material stiffness. The authors present a current prototype system that employs jamming technology for this variable stiffness function and discuss future applications.
Nonlinear Optics And Electro-Optics In Langmuir-Blodgett Films (1988)

The electro-optic response of nonlinear supermolecular arrays of organic dyes, prepared by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique is measured by an attenuated total reflection (ATR) method. The field induced dielectric constant changes in the films modify the coupling conditions for the excitation of a silver surface plasmon mode and produces a differential reflectivity in the region of the ATR minimum. The magnitude of the response is measured for film thicknesses corresponding to 1 through to 13 monomolecular LB layers. An anomalous dependence is seen. The anomaly occurs at a film thickness which segregates two thickness regimes for which the differential responses are qualitatively dissimilar. Structural re-organisations in the thin film regime may be responsible.
Generalized reverse theorems for multipass applications in matrix optics (1994)

The reverse theorem that governs backward propagation through optical systems represented by transfer matrices is examined for various matrix theories. We extend several reverse theorems to allow for optical systems represented by matrices that may or may not be unimodular and that may be 2 × 2 or take on an augmented 3 × 3 form. As an example, we use the 3 × 3 form of the reverse theorem to study a laser with intracavity misaligned optics. It is shown that, by tilting one of the laser’s mirrors, we can align the laser output arbitrarily, and the mirror tilt angle is calculated.
EXAFS structural analysis of aqueous uranium(VI) complexes with lignin degradation products (2000)

Uranium L III -edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis was carried out on aqueous uranium(VI) complexes with monomeric intermediates of the natural wood-degradation process such as protocatechuic acid (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid), catechol (2-hydroxyphenol), pyrogallol (1,2,3-trihydroxybenzol), and vanillic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid). The structural parameters of the 1:1 complexes with protocatechuic acid and vanillic acid in weakly acidic solution indicate that the carboxylic group coordinates the uranyl cation in a bidentate mode in the equatorial plane. Based on the identical structural parameters observed for protocatechuic acid, catechol and pyrogallol in alkaline media, we conclude that the coordination with uranium occurs via the neighboring OH groups of the phenols under formation of a five-membered ring.