gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bonding of restorative resins to dentine: status of dentine adhesives and impact on cavity design and filling techniques. (1988)

In conjunction with the acid etch technique for bonding of restorative resins to enamel, an effective bonding to dentine would eliminate the need for retentive undercuts and ensure a tight marginal seal. Bonding to dentine can be achieved through dentine adhesives. These may be divided into Ca2+-bonding and collagen-bonding types. Several Ca2+-bonding adhesives are based on phosphate methacrylates. Adhesives of this type mediate a bond strength to dentine not exceeding 10 MPa. In contrast, Bowen's bonding system and the Gluma system yield bond strengths higher than 10 MPa. The two latter systems have recently been conceived in simplified versions. In general, the higher the bond strength to dentine mediated by an adhesive, the smaller are the marginal gaps formed by a composite resin polymerizing in a dentine cavity treated by the adhesive. The size and the shape of the cavity influence the width of the marginal gaps. A cavity having a V-shape gives rise to smaller gaps than box-shaped cavities. A filling technique with two 'inclining' layers reduces the width of marginal gaps. Combination of certain Ca2+-bonding and collagen-bonding adhesives results in increased bond strength and smaller marginal gaps.
ChemInform Abstract: Potent, Easily Synthesized Huperzine A‐Tacrine Hybrid Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Routes to 4‐Substituted N,N‐Dialkylanilines, N‐Alkylanilines and Anilines. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Is diabetic microangiopathy genetically heterogeneous? HLA and diabetic nephropathy. (1981)

We have studied the histocompatibility (HLA) antigens A and B in 99 insulin dependent diabetics (IDDN) with terminal uremia due to diabetic nephropathy and in 96 insulin dependent diabetic patients (IDD) without clinically detectable kidney disease. The two groups were matched for duration of disease and other clinical features. The frequencies of the HLA antigens B8, B15, B18 and B8/B15 were significantly increased in both groups and B7 and B12 were decreased. There were no significant differences between the two groups. These results contrast with previously described similar studies of HLA and diabetic proliferative retinopathy. In these studies B7 was significantly less common in patients with proliferative retinopathy as compared with patients without proliferative retinopathy and B15 was more common in a subset of patients with proliferative retinopathy. The differences between the two studies may reflect sample bias or a genetic difference between the two types of diabetic microangiopathy.
The 33 carboxyl-terminal residues of Spa40 orchestrate the multi-step assembly process of the type III secretion needle complex in Shigella flexneri (2010)

The type III secretion apparatus (T3SA) is a central virulence factor of many Gram-negative bacteria. Its overall morphology consists of a cytoplasmic region, inner- and outer-membrane sections and an extracellular needle. In Shigella, the length of the needle is regulated by Spa32. To understand better the role of Spa32 we searched for its interacting partners using a two-hybrid screen in yeast. We found that Spa32 interacts with the 33 C-terminal residues (CC*) of Spa40, a member of the conserved FlhB/YscU family. Using a GST pull-down assay we confirmed this interaction and identified additional interactions between Spa40 and the type III secretion components Spa33, Spa47, MxiK, MxiN and MxiA. Inactivation of spa40 abolished protein secretion and led to needleless structures. Genetic and functional analyses were used to investigate the roles of residues L310 and V320, located within the CC* domain of Spa40, in the assembly of the T3SA. Spa40 cleavage, at the conserved NPTH motif, is required for assembly of the T3SA and for its interaction with Spa32, Spa33 and Spa47. In contrast, unprocessed forms of Spa40 interacted only with MxiA, MxiK and MxiN. Our data suggest that the conformation of the cytoplasmic domain of Spa40 defines the multi-step assembly process of the T3SA.
Bacterial Interference of Penicillin-Sensitive and -Resistant <i>Streptococcus Pneumoniae</i> by <i>Streptococcus Oralis</i> in an Adenoid Organ Culture: Implications for the Treatment of Recurrent Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children and Adults (2006)

The results indicate that some strains of S. oralis may inhibit the growth of the most serious pathogens in the nasopharynx. It is therefore possible that colonization of inhibitory strains of viridans streptococci may be used in the nasopharynx as a relatively safe and inexpensive approach to prevention of recurrent otitis media in some children and of recurrent suppurative sinusitis in both children and adults.
Soluble Type II Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor Inhibits Established Murine Malignant Mesothelioma Tumor Growth by Augmenting Host Antitumor Immunity (2004)

Our data suggest that TGF-beta blockade of established TGF-beta-secreting MM should be explored as a promising strategy to treat patients with MM and other tumors that produce TGF-beta.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISCHE REAKTIVITAET VON TRANS‐DIACIDOTETRACYANO‐COBALTAT(III)‐KOMPLEXEN (1973)

Abstract Die Komplexe (I) (in der Literatur beschrieben), (II) und (III) (K‐ oder Na‐ Salze) verlieren bei UV‐Bestrahlung ihre 50% "Gruppen unter Austausch gegen OH′ bzw. H 2 O (Bildung der Substitutionsprodukte (IV) und (V) in wäßriger Lösung).
A Ferroelectric Oxide Made Directly on Silicon (2009)

Metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors, formed using silicon dioxide and silicon, have undergone four decades of staggering technological advancement. With fundamental limits to this technology close at hand, alternatives to silicon dioxide are being pursued to enable new functionality and device architectures. We achieved ferroelectric functionality in intimate contact with silicon by growing coherently strained strontium titanate (SrTiO3) films via oxide molecular beam epitaxy in direct contact with silicon, with no interfacial silicon dioxide. We observed ferroelectricity in these ultrathin SrTiO3 layers by means of piezoresponse force microscopy. Stable ferroelectric nanodomains created in SrTiO3 were observed at temperatures as high as 400 kelvin.
Suitability of radiopharmaceuticals for determining right-to-left shunting: concise communication. (1977)

Right-to-left shunting in noncyanotic patients was quantitated following the injection of either 99mTc-microspheres, 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin, or 113mIn-Fe(OH)3 particles. Shunting was determined by wholebody scanning followed by estimation of the nuclide fraction located in the systemic circulation. Both 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals yielded results consistent with normal pulmonary shunting in a noncyanotic patient, whereas 113mIn-Fe(OH)3 was less satisfactory. If the onset of scanning was delayed, however, the calculated shunt can be falsely elevated as the pulmonary particles fragment and pass onward or as the label is released. Consequently, proper choice of radiopharmaceutical and prompt scanning are crucial for accurate quantitation of right-to-left shunting.
Infrarotspektroskopische Untersuchungen zur Chelatbildung und Enolisierung einiger Acyloine (1953)

Abstract An Hand von Infrarot‐Absorptionsmessungen wird übereinstimmend mit chemischen Befunden gezeigt, daß Benzoin und Furoin als reine Stoffe und in CCl 4 ‐Lösung als Oxyketone vorliegen, während α‐Pyridoin eine Endiol‐Struktur besitzt, die durch zwei innere Wasserstoff brücken stabilisiert ist. Zur Deutung dieser Beobachtungen wird durch weitere Infrarot‐Messungen die Mischassoziation des Phenols in sieben Lösungsmitteln untersucht und die unterschiedliche Stabilität der entstehenden Aggregate durch Besonderheiten in der Elektronenverteilung der Proton‐Akzeptor‐Molekeln erklärt. Dabei ergibt sich, daß für die Bildung von stabilen Wasserstoffbrücken die Anwesenheit eines “freien atomaren Dipols” im Proton‐Akzeptor notwendig ist.
EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AND STALK POSITION ON POLYPHENOLS AND CARBOHYDRATES IN THE AIR-CURED LEAF OF THREE TOBACCO GENOTYPES (1973)

Air-cured leaves from three stalk positions of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cult Burley 21 and two breeding lines cultured with 112, 224, and 336 kg/ha of N fertilizer were analyzed for the concentration of polyphenols, carbohydrates, and related compounds. The two breeding lines were low alkaloid (LA) Burley 21 and low polyphenol (LP) Burley 21. Concentrations of polyphenols and brown pigments were distributed in a decreasing gradient from upper to lower stalk positions. Distribution of cellulose content showed a reverse pattern. Lignin was highest in the upper leaves. In comparison with Burley 21, LA Burley 21 contained more polyphenols and carbohydrates, whereas LP Burley 21 was low in total polyphenols but high in total soluble sugars. Polyphenol accumulation was greater with low than high N fertilizer treatments, and, generally, an inverse relationship existed between N rate and concentrations of the carbohydrates measured. Starch was not detected in the leaf samples. Results point to the importance of N fertilization, genotype, and selection of leaf grades for altering the polyphenol and carbohydrate fractions of tobacco leaves, many of which are suspected precursors of tumorigenic agents in cigarette smoke.
Temperature-dependent terahertz spectroscopy of inverted-band three-layer InAs/GaSb/InAs quantum well (2018)

We report on temperature-dependent terahertz spectroscopy of a three-layer InAs/GaSb/InAs quantum well (QW) with inverted-band structure. The interband optical transitions, measured up to 16 T at different temperatures by Landau-level magnetospectroscopy, demonstrate the inverted-band structure of the QW. The terahertz photoluminescence at different temperatures allows us to directly extract the optical gap in the vicinity of the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ point of the Brillouin zone. Our results experimentally demonstrate that the gap in the three-layer QWs is temperature independent and exceeds by four times the maximum band gap available in the inverted InAs/GaSb bilayers.
Transition to classical chaos in a coupled quantum system through continuous measurement (2004)

Continuous observation of a quantum system yields a measurement record that faithfully reproduces the classically predicted trajectory provided that the measurement is sufficiently strong to localize the state in phase space but weak enough that quantum backaction noise is negligible. We investigate the conditions under which classical dynamics emerges, via a continuous position measurement, for a particle moving in a harmonic well with its position coupled to internal spin. As a consequence of this coupling, we find that classical dynamics emerges only when the position and spin actions are both large compared to $\ensuremath{\hbar}$. These conditions are quantified by placing bounds on the size of the covariance matrix which describes the delocalized quantum coherence over extended regions of phase space. From this result, it follows that a mixed quantum-classical regime (where one subsystem can be treated classically and the other not) does not exist for a continuously observed spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ particle. When the conditions for classicality are satisfied (in the large-spin limit), the quantum trajectories reproduce both the classical periodic orbits as well as the classically chaotic phase space regions. As a quantitative test of this convergence, we compute the largest Lyapunov exponent directly from the measured quantum trajectories and show that it agrees with the classical value.
Spiral silicon drift detectors (1989)

An advanced large-area silicon photodiode and X-ray detector, called the spiral drift detector, was designed, produced, and tested. The detector has a very small capacitance of about 0.1 pF and a leakage current under 1 nA at room temperature. All electrons generated at the silicon-silicon oxide interface are collected on a guard rather than contributing to the detector leakage current. The decrease of the leakage current reduces the parallel noise of the detector. This decrease and the very small capacitance of the detector anode with a capacitively matched preamplifier may improve the energy resolution of spiral drift detectors operating at room temperature to about 50 electrons RMS. This resolution is in the range attainable at present only by cooled semiconductor detectors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Plaques in the descending aorta – a new risk factor for stroke? Visualization of embolization pathways in the thoracic aorta by 4D MRI at 3T (2007)

Background: High-risk plaques of the descending aorta (i.e., ≥4mm, thrombi) have received limited attention as a source of embolic stroke. Furthermore, a detailed in vivo analysis of local vascular hemodynamics at the site of aortic thrombi has not yet been performed. Thus, we aimed to visualize individual aortic flow channels in patients with aortic high-risk plaques by time-resolved 3D MRI.
Solitary liver metastasis from follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma (2014)

Rare distant sites of metastases from DTC include eyes, pharynx, skin, muscle, ovaries, adrenal glands, kidneys, esophagus, pancreas and liver. Isolated, resectable liver metastases from PTC are exceedingly rare. Literature review revealed only 10 reported cases of liver metastases from DTC. As in our patient, solitary liver metastasis from PTC should be considered for surgical resection which offers the best chance for prolonged survival.
Effects of uniaxial stress on excitons in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>O (1980)

We have investigated the effects of uniaxial stress up to 2.5 kbar on the first four dipole-forbidden states of the yellow exciton series in cuprous oxide. The linear and nonlinear splittings and shifts as well as the symmetries of the stress-split components were determined using the quadrupole-dipole Raman-scattering technique involving odd-parity phonons. We have observed the triply degenerate $1S$ quadrupole state split into a singlet and a doublet with the singlet energy increasing and the doublet energy decreasing with stress as first seen by Gross and Kaplyanskii. For the higher quadrupole $S$ states, however, the sense of the splitting was reversed from that of the $1S$, while the magnitude of the $3S$ splitting exceeded that of the $1S$ as previously noted by Agekyan and Stepanov. The quadratic stress coefficients for all components of the $1S$, $3D$, and $4S$ states were found to be equal while those for the $3S$ state were markedly different. A theoretical analysis was carried out for [001] stress using the effective-Hamiltonian formalism including both deformation of the bands and electron-hole exchange. The theory accounts satisfactorily for the general features of the $1S$, $3D$, and $4S$ states only if both the magnitude and sign of the exchange constant are considered to be dependent on the exciton state. For the $3S$, however, the nonlinear stress dependence cannot be reconciled with the theory for yellow excitons. These results suggest that the "$3S$ yellow exciton" may actually belong to the green-exciton series, or that interactions between yellow and green excitons with different principal quantum numbers may be significant although not included in the theory.
Multiuser Millimeter Wave Beamforming Strategies with Quantized and Statistical CSIT (2017)

To alleviate the high cost of hardware in mmWave systems, hybrid analog/digital precoding is typically employed. In the conventional two-stage feedback scheme, the analog beamformer is determined by beam search and feedback to maximize the desired signal power of each user. The digital precoder is designed based on quantization and feedback of effective channel to mitigate multiuser interference. Alternatively, we propose a one-stage feedback scheme which effectively reduces the complexity of the signalling and feedback procedure. Specifically, the second-order channel statistics are leveraged to design digital precoder for interference mitigation while all feedback overhead is reserved for precise analog beamforming. Under a fixed total feedback constraint, we investigate the conditions under which the one-stage feedback scheme outperforms the conventional two-stage counterpart. Moreover, a rate splitting (RS) transmission strategy is introduced to further tackle the multiuser interference and enhance the rate performance. Consider (1) RS precoded by the one-stage feedback scheme and (2) conventional transmission strategy precoded by the two-stage scheme with the same first-stage feedback as (1) and also certain amount of extra second-stage feedback. We show that (1) can achieve a sum rate comparable to that of (2). Hence, RS enables remarkable saving in the second-stage training and feedback overhead.
cell lymphoma A new prognostic index (MIPI) for patients with advanced-stage mantle (2008)

doi:10.1182/blood-2007-06-095331Prepublished online October 25, 2007;2008 111: 558-565€€€€Eimermacher, Hannes Wandt, Joerg Hasford, Wolfgang Hiddemann and Michael UnterhaltPeter, Wolfram Jung, Bernhard Wormann, Wolf-Dieter Ludwig, Ulrich Duhrsen, HartmutKluin-Nelemans, Michael Pfreundschuh, Marcel Reiser, Bernd Metzner, Hermann Einsele, Norma Eva Hoster, Martin Dreyling, Wolfram Klapper, Christian Gisselbrecht, Achiel van Hoof, Hanneke C.€
A forward dynamic programming approach for general uncapacitated multi-stage lot-sizing problems (1986)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/3201/5/bam4508.0001.001.pdf
Active Nercc1 Protein Kinase Concentrates at Centrosomes Early in Mitosis and Is Necessary for Proper Spindle Assembly (2005)

The Nercc1 protein kinase autoactivates in vitro and is activated in vivo during mitosis. Autoactivation in vitro requires phosphorylation of the activation loop at threonine 210. Mitotic activation of Nercc1 in mammalian cells is accompanied by Thr210 phosphorylation and involves a small fraction of total Nercc1. Mammalian Nercc1 coimmunoprecipitates gamma-tubulin and the activated Nercc1 polypeptides localize to the centrosomes and spindle poles during early mitosis, suggesting that active Nercc has important functions at the microtubular organizing center during cell division. To test this hypothesis, we characterized the Xenopus Nercc1 orthologue (XNercc). XNercc endogenous to meiotic egg extracts coprecipitates a multiprotein complex that contains gamma-tubulin and several components of the gamma-tubulin ring complex and localizes to the poles of spindles formed in vitro. Reciprocally, immunoprecipitates of the gamma-tubulin ring complex polypeptide Xgrip109 contain XNercc. Immunodepletion of XNercc from egg extracts results in delayed spindle assembly, fewer bipolar spindles, and the appearance of aberrant microtubule structures, aberrations corrected by addition of purified recombinant XNercc. XNercc immunodepletion also slows aster assembly induced by Ran-GTP, producing Ran-asters of abnormal size and morphology. Thus, Nercc1 contributes to both the centrosomal and the chromatin/Ran pathways that collaborate in the organization of a bipolar spindle.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Reactions of Cyclopropenone Ketals. Key Mechanistic Features, Scope, and Application of the Cycloaddition Reactions of Cyclopropenone Ketals and π‐Delocalized Singlet Vinylcarbenes: Three‐Carbon 1,1‐/1,3‐Dipoles (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A rapid novel method for the extraction of RNA from wild-type and genetically modified kanamycin resistant mycobacteria (1999)

RNA extraction from mycobacteria can be a difficult and time consuming process due to their unique mycolic acid cell wall composition and the short half life of RNA. Rapid cell wall disruption is essential to isolate intact high quality RNA. Genetically modified Mycobacteria smegmatis resistant to kanamycin demonstrate an altered cell wall composition which impairs the quality of RNA obtained from these mycobacteria. In this report we describe a method of RNA extraction using the detergent Catrimox-14 resulting in high yields of pure, undegraded RNA in less than 1 h. Yields of 25-30 microg RNA per 1x10(9) cells were consistently obtained from both wild-type and genetically modified M. smegmatis. The integrity of this RNA is demonstrated by gel electrophoresis, Northern blot and cDNA analysis.
An all digital OFDM receiver using a novel RF quadrature under-sampling technique (2010)

A novel RF quadrature under-sampling technique, which we have developed, makes it possible to extract baseband inphase (I) and quadrature (Q) data from an RF signal directly. The technique is applicable to advanced modulations, such as demodulating an OFDM without losing any vector information. Its only drawback is that it requires a precise sampling frequency and timing to be synchronized with the input RF carrier frequency. Therefore, we have also developed a new frequency comparator, symbol timing synchronization circuit, and a phase tracking circuit. To prove the validity of the new under-sampling technique, an all digital OFDM receiver fabricated using FPGA devices has been demonstrated experimentally.
Sensor-fusion field experiment in forest ecosystem dynamics (1990)

An extensive multisensor airborne and field campaign was conducted in the Northern Experimental Forest near Bangor, Maine, during September 1989 to acquire a data set to allow us to test various modeling hypotheses concerning the interaction of optical, thermal, and microwave electromagnetic radiation within northern coniferous forest canopies and their underlying backgrounds. This experiment represents a significant component of a Forest Ecosystem Dynamics project, which is concerned with the response of northern forests to climatic and other environmental changes. Extensive ground control information, basic remote-sensing measurements, and comprehensive calibration data were obtained to support the interpretation of numerous airborne sensor measurements and to provide both static and dynamic biophysical input parameters to electromagnetic scattering and absorption models. Aircraft instruments deployed included a multifrequency, quadpolarized synthetic aperture radar, a solid-state array bidirectional imager, and the Thematic Mapper Simulator. In addition, a suite of helicopter-borne nonimaging systems was utilized, consisting of a multifrequency laser polarimeter and both narrow- and broad-band spectrometers. This paper presents background on this first Forest Ecosystems Dynamics field campaign, provides a progress report on the analysis of the collected data and related modeling activities, and outlines plans for future experiments at different points in the phenological cycle.