gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Latent HIV‐1 Exosomes Induce Mitochondrial Hyperfusion due to Loss of Phosphorylated Dynamin‐related Protein 1 in Brain Endothelium (2021)

Background Damage to the cerebral vascular endothelium is a critical initiating event in the development of HIV‐1‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). To study the role of mitochondria in cerebral endothelial dysfunction, we investigated how exosomes, isolated from both cell lines with integrated provirus and HIV‐1 infected primary cells (HIV‐exosomes), accelerate the dysfunction of either primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs) in vitro or mice brain microvessels (MVs), ex vivo. Methods Exosomes were isolated by either ultracentrifugation from uninfected and latent HIV‐1 infected T‐cells (Jurkat Exo and J‐Lat(9.2) Exo, respectively) and monocytes (U937 Exo and U1 Exo, respectively) or by using QIAGEN exoEasy Maxi kit from HIV‐1 infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (HIV+PBMCs Exo). Exosomes were characterized by the qNano‐IZON system. Initially, the assessment of mitochondrial characteristics was performed in primary HBMVECs, and this study was further extended in extracted cerebral MVs from mice brain expressing mito‐Dendra2 + fluorescence protein (Green) in endothelial mitochondria. Results Quantitative analysis of the extracellular vesicles (EVs) indicates that the isolated EVs were predominantly exosomes. This was further supported by the detection of exosomal markers, e.g. CD63, CD81, Alix, TSG101 and the absence of large EV‐related protein, GRP94. These exosomes were readily taken up by both primary HBMVECs and mice cerebral MVs. HIV‐exosomes induced cellular and mitochondrial superoxide production but reduced mitochondrial membrane potential in HBMVECs. HIV‐exosomes increased mitochondrial hyperfusion, possibly due to the loss of phosphorylated dynamin‐related protein 1 (p‐DRP1). We further confirmed that HIV‐exosomes, containing the HIV‐Tat protein, and viral Tat protein accelerate brain endothelial dysfunction due to reduction in the expressions of (a) p‐DRP1, (b) phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p‐eNOS), and (c) blood brain barrier related tight junction proteins. Finally, HIV‐1 infected primary human PBMCs produced more exosomes than uninfected controls, and exposure to HIV+PBMCs Exo also reduced both p‐DRP1 and p‐eNOS expressions in primary HBMVECs. Conclusions Our novel findings reveal the significant role of HIV‐exosomes on dysregulation of mitochondrial function, which induces adverse changes in the function of the brain microvascular endothelium. These mechanistic studies using HIV‐exosomes may elucidate the etiology of HAND and provide novel therapeutic strategies.
Effect of Propylene Glycol Alginate and Xanthan Gum on Stability of O/W Emulsions (1991)

ABSTRACT The role of xanthan gum and propylene glycol alginate in stabilizing model oil‐in‐water salad dressing emulsions has been studied using rheological measurements, particle size analysis and surface tension. Increasing xanthan gum concentration within the gum ratio gave higher viscosity due to formation of aggregates with larger sizes. Propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was surface‐active leading to reduction in surface tension of air/water surfaces. Reduction in viscosity was seen in the presence of PGA.
Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis: A Longitudinal Study Comparing Severity Associated With Human Papilloma Viral Types 6 and 11 and Other Risk Factors in a Large Pediatric Population (2004)

Statistical analysis of the relationships among epidemiological factors, HPV type, and clinical course revealed that patients with HPV-11 and patients younger than 3 years of age at RRP diagnosis are prone to develop more aggressive disease as represented by higher severity scores at endoscopic debridement, more frequent operative debridement procedures per year, a greater requirement for adjuvant therapy, and greater likelihood of tracheal disease with tracheotomy.
Preparation and cured properties of novel cycloaliphatic epoxy resins (1993)

Abstract Preparation and characterization of novel cycloaliphatic epoxy resins, which are derived from octadienyl compounds, were studied. From a model peracetic acid epoxidation reaction using 2,7‐octadienyl acetate‐1, the structure of the liquid resins is estimated to be mainly terminal epoxides and some amount of inner epoxide depending on the epoxide content. The epoxy resins offer lower toxicity and lower vapor pressure. The reactivity of the resin with acid anhydrides is moderate but faster than that of traditional cyclohexane epoxide‐type resins and slower than that of the glycidyl ester‐type resins. This reactivity was also examined using model compounds. The heat deflection temperature of the hexahydro‐phthalic anhydride‐cured resins is shown to be directly proportional to the number of epoxy groups in the molecules. The flexural strength of the cured resins is nearly equivalent to that of the commercial resins, although the flexural elongation of the resins is larger than that of the rigid cyclohexane epoxide‐type resins. The thermal stability of the cured resins is comparable to typical rigid cycloaliphatic resins; furthermore, high water resistance of the cured resins is suggested to be attributed to the hydrophobic character of the C 8 chain by cross‐linking. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Synthesis, isolation and identification of glucuronides and mercapturic acids of a novel antiparasitic agent, licochalcone A (1997)

1. Four glucuronic acid conjugates of licochalcone A (Lica), and their metabolites, have been synthesized using rabbit and pig liver microsomes and purified by preparative hplc. 2. The glucuronides were identified as E-Lica 4'-O-beta-glucuronide, E and Z-Lica 4-O-beta-glucuronide and a mono-glucuronide conjugate of a beta-hydroxylated Lica metabolite. The metabolites were identified by hplc-nmr (one and two-dimensional nmr) as well as hplc-ms. 3. At pH 8.5 Lica reacted with N-acetyl-L-cysteine giving the two epimeric conjugates, which were then isolated by preparative hplc and identified by one and two-dimensional nmr spectroscopic methods. 4. Only two glucuronic acid conjugates (E- and Z-Lica 4-O-beta-glucuronide) were found in the urine of rat after i.p. administration of a single dose of Lica.
Chess-Based Composition And Improvisation For Non-Musicians (2009)

"Music for 32 Chess Pieces" is a software system that supports composing, performing and improvising music by playing a chess game. A game server stores a representation of the state of a game, validates proposed moves by players, updates game state, and extracts a graph of piece-to-piece relationships. It also loads a plugin code module that acts as a composition. A plugin maps pieces and relationships on the board, such as support or attack relationships, to a timed sequence of notes and accents. The server transmits notes in a sequence to an audio renderer process via network datagrams. Two players can perform a composition by playing chess, and a player can improvise by adjusting a plugin's music mapping parameters via a graphical user interface. A composer can create a new composition by writing a new plugin that uses a distinct algorithm for mapping game rules and states to music. A composer can also write a new note-to-sound mapping program in the audio renderer language. This software is available at http://faculty.kutztown.edu/parson/music/ParsonMusic.html.
Volume Replacement Therapy during Major Orthopedic Surgery Using Voluven® (Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4) or Hetastarch (2007)

Voluven (HES 130/0.4) and hetastarch are equally efficacious plasma volume substitutes; however, HES 130/0.4 has a lesser effect on coagulation.
Arbor Day … the Last Friday Every April (1969)

This publication provides information on the history and observance of Arbor Day as well as planning an Arbor Day event and the benefits of tree planting. Suggested Arbor Day Projects are also included.
BSE - A health risk to man? (1996)

154,592 cattle have contracted bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in Great Britain until November 1995. Thanks to the veterinary measures token to prevent the further spread of BSE, the number of cases is now clearly in decline. In Germany, four cattle imported from Great Britain have contracted BSE. The procedure which applies in Germany for the diagnosis of specific suspected cases of BSE is presented here. The BSE agent is a new pathogen. Therefore the possibility of its transmission to man cannot a priori be ruled out with certainty. However, it is possible on the basis of the current scientific knowledge to make a cautious assessment of the hypothetical risk to man. This article gives a summary of the current epidemiological situation in the United Kingdom and Germany and outlines the principle considerations related to risk factors.
OUTLINE OF PROJECTS TO DETERMINE THE FEASIBILITY OF RADIATION PRESERVATION OF MARINE PRODUCTS. Report No. 9183 (1960)

Research projects on feasibility of radiosterilization of marine products are described. The separate projects deal with refrigerated storage- life extension of substerilized marine products, nutritional components of processed foods, packaging requirements. evaluation of hitherto uninvestigated species, consumer acceptability, and wholesomeness evaluation. (T.R.H.)
IMPROVEMENT IN HEAT RESISTANCE OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS BY ADDITION OF ZIRCONIUM-(1) (1956)

The wrought aluminium alloys currently used can be classified into two main groups; age-hardenable alloys and the alloys hardened by cold working. The strength of the former, however, will be greatly reduced by overaging which takes place above 200°C. The latter, too, will lose its strength at high temperatures due to softening caused by recrystallization, but there would be the possibility to bring the latter to be stronger than the former at the higher temperatures if the effect of cold working should be retained up to the temperature by means of preventing recrystallization by the addition of a suitable alloying element.From this point of view, the alloying element has been searched for by the author which can enhance the recrystallization temperature of aluminium.As it was timely discovered by Dr. M. Yanagisawa that the small addition of zirconium can raise its recrystallization temperature higher than 400°C, a series of experiments has been carried out to observe the softening behaviers of various aluminium alloys with 0.5% Zr at high temperatures.The results obtained with Al-3%Mg, Al-1.2%Mn, Al-4%Cu and Al-6%Zn-2%Mg alloys has been reported here from among the experimental data hitherto obtained.The softening behaviors due to annealing for an hour at the respective temperatures have been shown in Figs. 1-8 and the changes of Vickers hardness during heating at the respective temperatures after cold rolling of 50 or 75% have been illustrated in Figs. 9-12 for Al-Mg and Al-Mn alloys. Vickers hardness values have been tabulated in Table. 1, measured at room temperature for the four alloys held for an hour at the respective temperatures, followed by quenching.As the results, Al-3% Mg alloy added with 0.5% Zr has been found to be the best, which retained its Vickers hardness of about 90 even after 100 hours at 400°C, and Al-Zn-Mg-Zr Alloy follows. Zirconium, however, has been found to have no effect its Al-Mn alloy system.Addition of zirconium has been carried out by using the master alloy of Al-10%Zr prepared by powder metallurgy from zirconium powder containing hafnium and aluminium powder. The loss of zirconium has been found to be scarce; only 1-5% except in the case of Al-Mn system. The procedure has also the advantage to utilize low grade zirconium sponge, zirconium scrap as well as zirconium powder.Though creep test above 300°C will be necessary before conclusion, extensive use of aluminium alloys can be expected in the field of the structural materials for supersonic aircraft as well as for nuclear reactors, if heat resistance can be enhanced through the study.
Penetration of electromagnetic fields into superconductors with gradual resistive transition (1994)

The penetration of electromagnetic fields into superconductors is studied for the case of gradual resistive transition described by the ‘‘power law.’’ Simple self-similar solutions are first found, which are then used to further generalize the Bean (critical state) model of superconducting hysteresis.
The effect of balance training on postural control in people with multiple sclerosis using the CAREN virtual reality system: a pilot randomized controlled trial (2016)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multi-focal progressive disorder of the central nervous system often resulting in diverse clinical manifestations. Imbalance appears in most people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). A popular balance training tool is virtual reality (VR) with several advantages including increased compliance and user satisfaction. Therefore, the aim of this pilot RCT (Trial registration number, date: ISRCTN14425615, 21/01/2016) was to examine the efficacy of a 6-week VR balance training program using the computer assisted rehabilitation environment (CAREN) system (Motek Medical BV, Amsterdam, Netherlands) on balance measures in PwMS. Results were compared with those of a conventional balance exercise group. Secondary aims included the impact of this program on the fear of falling. Thirty-two PwMS were equally randomized into the VR intervention group or the control group. Each group received balance training sessions for 6 consecutive weeks, two sessions per week, 30 min sessions. Clinical balance tests and instrumented posturography outcome measures were collected upon initiation of the intervention programs and at termination. Final analysis included 30 patients (19 females, 11 males; mean age, (S.D.) = 45.2 (11.6) years; mean EDSS (S.D.) = 4.1 (1.3), mean disease duration (S.D.) = 11.0 (8.9) years). Both groups showed a main effect of time on the center of pressure (CoP) path length with eyes open (F = 5.278, P = .024), sway rate with eyes open (F = 5.852, P = .035), Functional Reach Test (F = 20.841, P = .001), Four Square Step Test (F = 9.011, P = .031) and the Fear of Falls self-reported questionnaire (F = 17.815, P = .023). In addition, significant differences in favor of the VR program were observed for the group x time interactions of the Functional Reach Test (F = 10.173, P = .009) and fear of falling (F = 6.710, P = .021). We demonstrated that balance training based on the CAREN device is an effective method of balance training for PwMS.
The ethics of gene therapy: balancing the risks. (2010)

Gene therapy research is characterized by heightened uncertainty about the risks associated with the complex products involved, particularly the risk of genotoxicity. Recognizing that uncertainty concerning risks is inescapable in first-in-human clinical trials of gene therapy, decisions on how to balance the risks nevertheless must be made. Ethics can facilitate translational progress by, first, evaluating decision-making processes during risk assessment; and second, focusing on questions that require a degree of subjective judgement. Such assessments include determining the level of risk that is acceptable in trials, the category of patients that should be exposed to the risks, and the level of certainty with respect to risk that is required for both researchers and participants to make decisions. Analysis of these issues is affected by the burden of illness, existing treatment alternatives and the possible benefits of gene therapy. Patients' attitudes and experiences in this regard can reasonably inform the decision-making of researchers. Reflecting upon the approaches used to balance risks and possible benefits in gene therapy trials may improve decision-making processes across the spectrum of decisions that are made from the initial conception of a study up to decisions by research participants about consent. This manner of reflection facilitates the advancement of science, while protecting the welfare of research participants.
Substrate-driven switchable molecular orientation in bulk heterojunction films identified using infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (2019)

Substrate-driven molecular orientation switching could be possible to create electronic devices, such as transistors and solar cells.
Isolation and screening of microalgae from natural habitats in the midwestern United States of America for biomass and biodiesel sources (2014)

Native species of microalgae were isolated from natural water bodies in the Midwestern United States of America and were screened for the ultimate goal of mass cultivation in Missouri and the surrounding states, and for their potential as biomass and biodiesel sources. A number of different nutrient media recipes were utilized to isolate the maximum number of colonies from each field samples. These nutrient recipes were modified in order to optimize the isolation and growth dynamics of specific colonies. All of the isolates were categorized based on the morphological appearance of the culture and the microscopic cellular appearance of the isolated colonies. Isolates included many common green microalgae and cyanobacteria. Lipid content was determined for selected strains that demonstrated relatively quick growth. Scenedesmus sp. that demonstrated the high growth rate, resistance to invasion, and contained sufficient amounts of lipid was investigated for its potential as a sustainable biomass and biodiesel feedstocks.
INFRARED DIODE LASER IN LOW REACTIVE-LEVEL LASER THERAPY (LLLT) FOR KNEE OSTEOARTHROSIS (1991)

Degenerative joint disease (DJD), in particular in the knee, is difficult to cure successfully at present, often requiring surgical intervention. In addition, the chronic DJD patient often exhibits symptoms of both a physiological and psychological nature. A study is presented using low reactive-level laser therapy (LLLT) with an 830 nm infrared continuous wave gallium aluminium arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser. with an output power of 60 mW, in light contact laser therapy for a population of 40 patients (power density of approximately 3 W/cm2). Four points around the patella were irradiated for 60 s each (energy density of 18 J/cm2 per point, total of 72 J/cm2 per session) two sessions per week for eight weeks, Radiological, pain score and joint mobility assessments were made before the first session, immediately after, and at 4 months after the final LLLT session. All other medication and physical therapy was discontinued at least 15 days prior to the first treatment session. Thirty-three patients (82%) reported significant removal of pain and recovery of articular joint mobility. The remaining seven patients felt there was no significant effect following LLLT, and returned to their original pretherapy medication. The side effects were minimal, LLLT is concluded to be a safe, effective and noninvasive alternative to conventional surgical and medical treatment modalities for DJD patients.
Abstracts from the Australian Society for Biomaterials 5th Annual Conference Melbourne, Australia January 31–February 1, 1995 (1995)

NEXT ARTICLEAbstracts from the Australian Society for Biomaterials Symposium Melbourne, Australia January 29–30, 1995
Adsorción de Vapor de Agua de Bioplásticos Elaborados con Harina de dos Variedades de Yuca (Adsorción Manihot esculenta Crantz) (2014)

ResumenEL objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la capacidad de adsorción de vapor de agua de bioplásticos elaborados por la técnica de termocompresión usando harina de dos variedades de yuca (CM 4574-7 y CM 523-7) y tres mezclas, con polvillo de fique y glicerol.Los valores experimentales de adsorción fueron ajustados usando los modelos matemáticos de Peleg, GAB, Caurie, Smith y Henderson.Los resultados mostraron que las isotermas presentaron forma convexa al eje de las abscisas, clasificándose cuantitativamente como tipo III.Las mezclas empleadas no afectaron significativamente el comportamiento de adsorción de vapor de agua, mientras que la variedad de yuca si lo afectó significativamente (p0.05)en valores de actividad de agua superiores a 0.85, siendo la variedad CM 4574-7 la que presentó los valores más altos.El modelo de Peleg fue el que ajustó
2018 Vegetable Production Handbook Chapter 7: Cucurbit Production (2018)

This 28-page fact sheet is chapter 7 of the 2018 Vegetable Production Handbook. Written by Josh H. Freeman, Eugene J. McAvoy, Nathan S. Boyd, Monica Ozores-Hampton, Mathews Paret, Qingren Wang, Christian F. Miller, Johan Desaeger, Joseph W. Noling, and Xavier Martini, and published by the Horticultural Sciences Department, 2018. HS725/CV123: Chapter 7. Cucurbit Production (ufl.edu)
ChemInform Abstract: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF A POTASSIUM CRYPTATE SALT OF BIS(4‐METHYLIMIDAZOLATO)(TETRAPHENYLPORPHINATO)IRON(III) (1984)

Abstract Die Titelverbindung wurde durch Reaktion einer Toluol‐Lösung von Chloro‐tetraphenylporphinato‐eisen(III) mit K‐ 4‐methylimidazolat und dem Kryptanden 222 dargestellt (keine Ausb.‐Angabe).
Thermal Stress Analysis by Homogenization Method for Fracture Evaluation of Sintered ZnO during Laser Radiation (2006)

The paper describes the requirements to which ZnO evaporates without being fractured while laser is radiated. The fracturing phenomenon is mechanically evaluated. By executing a laser radiation test, the influence of relative densities on the fracture are investigated. It is shown that ZnO sintered billet with the relative density from 0.6 to 0.8 evaporates without being fractured while the laser is radiated. The billet was sintered by hot press. The sintering condition to obtain the ZnO sintering billet with the relative density from 0.6 to 0.8 is restricted within a range of 850°C to 1000°C under the sintering pressure 10MPa. The condition is restricted within a range of 800°C to 900°C under sintering press 15Mpa, whereas that is 800°C under sintering press 20MPa. Microscopic thermal stress and fracture stress appearing in peripheries of the porosity in the sintering billet were calculated by the homogenization method. Since the fracture stress is lower than the thermal stress of billet less than approximately 0.8 of the relative density, the produced billet is not fractured while laser is radiated.
A Dexamethasone-regulated Gene Signature Is Prognostic for Poor Survival in Glioblastoma Patients (2016)

Dexamethasone exposure induces a genetic program and CEBPB expression in GSCs that adversely affects key cellular functions and response to therapeutics. High risk scores associated with these genes have negative prognostic value in patients. Our findings further suggest camptothecin as a potential neutralizer of adverse dexamethasone-mediated effects.
Effect of home and in-office bleaching systems on the nanomechanical properties of tooth enamel (2019)

Both teeth whitening products damaged the enamel surface either by roughening the tooth surface or by affecting the nanomechanical properties. Therefore, teeth whitening products may be used, but with great caution.
Neurobionics: Treatments for Disorders of the Central Nervous System (2016)

The application of electric stimulation to treat disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) has expanded remarkably over the past several decades. Such disorders include neurological and psychiatric conditions. This chapter focuses particularly on selected conditions that have been shown to respond beneficially to electric stimulation delivered via electrodes implanted in or on the brain. It discusses the therapeutic systems that have at least some surgically implanted components. The conditions treated with electric stimulation using these systems are discussed under four main headings: psychiatric conditions, movement disorders, epilepsy and pain. The chapter finally provides some brief comments about how electric stimulation provides benefit and what developments can be expected in this field in the near future. The discussion of psychiatric conditions includes obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and major depression. Essential Tremor, Parkinson's disease and dystonia are some of the movement disorders that are discussed in the chapter.