gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A content-based image retrieval system for texture and color queries (2002)

In recent years, very large collections of images and videos have grown rapidly.In parallel with this growth, content-based retrieval and querying the indexed collections are required to access visual information.Two of the main components of the visual information are texture and color.In this thesis, a content-based image retrieval system is presented that computes texture and color similarity among images.The underlying technique is based on the adaptation of a statistical approach to texture analysis.An optimal set of five second-order texture statistics are extracted from the Spatial Grey Level Dependency Matrix of each image, so as to render the feature vector for each image maximally informative, and yet to obtain a low vector dimensionality for efficiency in computation.The method for color analysis is the color histograms, and the information captured within histograms is extracted after a pre-processing phase that performs color transformation, quantization, and filtering.The features thus extracted and stored within feature vectors are later compared with an intersection-based method.The system is also extended for pre-processing images to segment regions with different textural quality, rather than operating globally over the whole image.The system also includes a framework for object-based color and texture querying, which might be useful for reducing the similarity error while comparing rectangular regions as objects.It is shown through experimental results and precision-recall analysis that the content-based retrieval system is effective in terms of retrieval and scalability.
Crystal structure of NF-κB (p50) <sub>2</sub> complexed to a high-affinity RNA aptamer (2003)

We have recently identified an RNA aptamer for the transcription factor NF-kappaB p50 homodimer [(p50)2], which exhibits little sequence resemblance to the consensus DNA target for (p50)2, but binds (p50)2 with an affinity similar to that of the optimal DNA target. We describe here the 2.45-A resolution x-ray crystal structure of the p50 RHR/RNA aptamer complex. The structure reveals that two RNA molecules bind independent of each other to the p50 N-terminal Ig-like domains. The RNA secondary structure is comprised of a stem and a stem-loop separated by an internal loop folded into a kinked helix because of the cross-strand stacking of three internal loop guanines. These guanines, placed at the edge of the 3' helix, together with the major groove of the irregular 3' helix, form the binding surface for p50. Each p50 monomer uses the same surface to recognize the distorted RNA major groove as observed in the kappaB DNA/p50 RHR complex, resulting in strikingly similar interfaces. The structure reveals how the aptamer specifically selects p50 and discriminates against p65. We also discuss the physiological implications of RNA binding by (p50)2.
Y2K AND BUSINESS AVIATION (1998)

SUBTITLE: IF YOUR FLIGHT DEPARTMENT ISN'T READY FOR THE BIG ROLLOVER, DON'T WORRY -- YOU AREN'T ALONE.
Inattention and Hyperactivity Dimensions of ADHD Are Associated with Different Personality Profiles (2009)

These findings suggest that personality dimensions are strongly correlated with ADHD subtypes and severity dimensions, pointing to the need for studies evaluating the mechanisms behind this association.
Securing Bluetooth-based payment system using honeypot (2009)

Wireless technologies provide a new channel for implementation of mobile payments systems. In this regard, the potential of short-range wireless technologies such as Bluetooth is enormous. These systems can be used for proximity payment to vending machines or offering banking service in the bank area. However, unsolved security issues are the biggest barriers to the growth of mobile payment. This paper is focused on the security of banking services which can be offered through Bluetooth technology. We propose a solution using honeypots in bank environment to mitigate the risk of Bluetooth-enabled payment transactions. In this paper, we try to elaborate how honeypot systems can be exploited to reduce the chance of Bluetooth enabled attacks' success by limiting the client device discoverability for attackers.
Are interstitial cells of Cajal plurifunction cells in the gut? (2007)

The proposed functions of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are to 1) pace the slow waves and regulate their propagation, 2) mediate enteric neuronal signals to smooth muscle cells, and 3) act as mechanosensors. In addition, impairments of ICC have been implicated in diverse motility disorders. This review critically examines the available evidence for these roles and offers alternate explanations. This review suggests the following: 1) The ICC may not pace the slow waves or help in their propagation. Instead, they may help in maintaining the gradient of resting membrane potential (RMP) through the thickness of the circular muscle layer, which stabilizes the slow waves and enhances their propagation. The impairment of ICC destabilizes the slow waves, resulting in attenuation of their amplitude and impaired propagation. 2) The one-way communication between the enteric neuronal varicosities and the smooth muscle cells occurs by volume transmission, rather than by wired transmission via the ICC. 3) There are fundamental limitations for the ICC to act as mechanosensors. 4) The ICC impair in numerous motility disorders. However, a cause-and-effect relationship between ICC impairment and motility dysfunction is not established. The ICC impair readily and transform to other cell types in response to alterations in their microenvironment, which have limited effects on motility function. Concurrent investigations of the alterations in slow-wave characteristics, excitation-contraction and excitation-inhibition couplings in smooth muscle cells, neurotransmitter synthesis and release in enteric neurons, and the impairment of the ICC are required to understand the etiologies of clinical motility disorders.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinolones Substituted by Different Moieties. Part 3. Reactions of 1,2‐ Dihydro‐4‐hydroxy‐1‐methyl‐2‐oxoquinoline‐3‐carbaldehyde with Some Cyclic Active Methylene Compounds. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ThePAH gene, phenylketonuria, and a paradigm shift (2007)

"Inborn errors of metabolism," first recognized 100 years ago by Garrod, were seen as transforming evidence for chemical and biological individuality. Phenylketonuria (PKU), a Mendelian autosomal recessive phenotype, was identified in 1934 by Asbjörn Fölling. It is a disease with impaired postnatal cognitive development resulting from a neurotoxic effect of hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA). Its metabolic phenotype is accountable to multifactorial origins both in nurture, where the normal nutritional experience introduces L-phenylalanine, and in nature, where mutations (>500 alleles) occur in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene (PAH) on chromosome 12q23.2 encoding the L-phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme (EC 1.14.16.1). The PAH enzyme converts phenylalanine to tyrosine in the presence of molecular oxygen and catalytic amounts of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), its nonprotein cofactor. PKU is among the first of the human genetic diseases to enter, through newborn screening, the domain of public health, and to show a treatment effect. This effect caused a paradigm shift in attitudes about genetic disease. The PKU story contains many messages, including: a framework on which to appreciate the complexity of PKU in which phenotype reflects both locus-specific and genomic components; what the human PAH gene tells us about human population genetics and evolution of modern humans; and how our interest in PKU is served by a locus-specific mutation database (http://www.pahdb.mcgill.ca; last accessed 20 March 2007). The individual Mendelian PKU phenotype has no "simple" or single explanation; every patient has her/his own complex PKU phenotype and will be treated accordingly. Knowledge about PKU reveals genomic components of both disease and health.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aspects of complications and treatment. (1993)

Non-insulin-dependent or type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous disorder, characterized by defects in insulin secretion as well as in insulin action; these defects are worsened by the developing hyperglycaemia. Diabetes is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. In addition to hypertension, which is encountered in almost 50% of patients, lipid abnormalities, comprising elevations of both LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-triglycerides, as well as decreases in the levels of HDL-cholesterol, contribute to the high prevalence of vascular disease. Elevated levels of serum lipoprotein(a) may add to this increased risk. Considering the apparent clustering of risk factors such as poor metabolic control, obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia, the attainment of optimal blood glucose control forms only one of the aims of treatment to prevent the neurological and vascular complications, which severely affect the quality of life. Dietary advice comprises the adoption of healthy eating habits and reducing the intake of refined sugars and saturated fat. The long-term metabolic effects of intensive dietary therapy, however, have been disappointing. This necessitates early pharmacological treatment in a considerable number of patients. With mild hyperglycaemia, the metabolic effects of sulphonylurea and insulin treatment were comparable, but insulin is superior to sulphonylurea in patients who are more hyperglycaemic (fasting blood glucose > 11 mmol/l). In addition to its effects on blood glucose control, insulin therapy favourably affects dyslipidaemia. Treatment can be safely instituted on an outpatient basis, and hypoglycaemic side-effects are infrequent. Combination therapy of insulin and sulphonylurea results in similar metabolic improvement when compared with insulin treatment alone, but with a lower dose of insulin and the need for only one injection in two-thirds of patients. Drugs such as ACE inhibitors, which have no metabolic side-effects, have become the therapy of choice when treating hypertension in diabetic patients.
A hardware-integrated GPC/search memory (1964)

A search memory that can be operated in conjunction with a USQ--20 computer using only the standard input-output channels is being developed by Goodyear Aerospace Corporation. This approach is referred to as the peripheral search memory. On the other extreme, there is the possibility of completely integrating the search memory with the USQ--20 computer. That is, the instruction repertoire can be modified to include associative instructions, the control logic can be modified extensively, and additional registers can be added as necessary. Neither integration can be considered the optimum since the latter involves costs that are out of proportion with the advantages, and the former involves undue transfer time penalties and more complex programming.
Molecular cloning of the first metazoan beta-1,3 glucanase from eggs of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. (1996)

We report the molecular cloning of the first beta-1,3 glucanase from animal tissue. Three peptide sequences were obtained from beta-1,3 glucanase that had been purified from eggs of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and the gene was cloned by PCR using oligonucleotides deduced from the peptide sequences. The full-length cDNA shows a predicted enzyme structure of 499 aa with a hydrophobic signal sequence. A 3.2-kb message is present in eggs, during early embryogenesis, and in adult gut tissue. A polyclonal antibody to the native 68-kDa enzyme recognizes a single band during early embryogenesis that reappears in the adult gut, and recognizes a 57-kDa fusion protein made from a full-length cDNA clone for beta-1,3 glucanase. The identity of this molecule as beta-1,3 glucanase is confirmed by sequence homology, by the presence of all three peptide sequences in the deduced amino acid sequence, and by the recognition of the bacterial fusion protein by the antibody directed against the native enzyme. Data base searches show significant homology at the amino acid level to beta-1,3 glucanases from two species of bacteria and a clotting factor from the horseshoe crab. The homology with the bacteria is centered in a 304-aa region in which there are seven scattered regions of high homology between the four divergent species. These four species were also found to have two homologous regions in common with more distantly related plant, fungal, and bacterial proteins. A global phylogeny based on these regions strongly suggests that the glucanases are a very ancient family of genes. In particular, there is an especially deep split within genes taken from the bacterial genus Bacillus.
N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylmethanediamine. A simple, effective Mannich reagent (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN,N,N',N'-Tetramethylmethanediamine. A simple, effective Mannich reagentS. Jane DeSolmsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 15, 2650–2651Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00877a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00877a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2026Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Blood Pressure (2000)

This study examined the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Thirty-nine patients with sleep apnea were studied. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was obtained before and after patients were randomized to receive either 1 week of CPAP or placebo CPAP (CPAP administered at ineffective pressure). Blood pressure was examined over daytime hours (6 AM to 10 PM) and during nighttime hours (10 PM to 6 AM). Daytime mean arterial blood pressure decreased significantly but equally in both the active treatment group and the placebo treatment group (P=0.001). Nighttime mean arterial pressure levels decreased to a much greater extent over time in the patients who received active CPAP treatment (P=0. 032). CPAP does appear to decrease nighttime blood pressure. However, the decrease in daytime blood pressure may reflect a nonspecific response (ie, placebo), since both the active treatment group and the placebo treatment group developed comparable decreases in blood pressure.
Photochromism in Dianthrone and Related Compounds. Part III. Solutions in Aliphatic Hydrocarbons (1969)

Abstract The photochromism of four non‐thermochromic derivatives of dianthrone, in nonpolar solvents, was investigated. Photocoloration takes place with quantum yields close to unity at temperatures down to −160°C. No photodecoloration takes place. Thermal decoloration is a first‐order reaction, with activation energies of about 13–14 kcal mole −1 . At very low temperatures and high viscosities the quantum yield of photocoloration drops sharply, and a new unstable colored modification is formed. The latter converts spontaneously into the normal colored form, at somewhat higher temperatures. Flash experiments show that photocoloration at room temperature takes place within the lifetime of the flash (ca. 5 μs), but this is no longer so at low temperatures.
Sarcopenia in an Overweight or Obese Patient Is an Adverse Prognostic Factor in Pancreatic Cancer (2009)

Sarcopenia in overweight/obese patients with advanced pancreatic cancer is an occult condition but can be identified using CT scans. This condition is an independent adverse prognostic indicator that should be considered for stratification of patients' entering clinical trials, systemic therapy, or support care programs.
Ferrofluid based on polyethylene glycol-coated iron oxide nanoparticles: Characterization and properties (2012)

We report here the development of stable aqueous suspensions of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized with unmodified polyethylene glycol (PEG) at four molecular weights (2000, 4000, 6000 and 10,000 Da) and several PEG/iron ratios. The obtained ferrofluid was an opaque dispersion of pH ≈ 5.0 with an iron content ranging from 15 mg mL−1 to 17 mg mL−1 (depending on the molecular weight of the PEG used), and a ζ-potential of 20 ± 2 mV. The diameter of uncoated particles determined by X-ray diffraction was ≈12 nm; a value that ensures superparamagnetic properties and suitability for use in hyperthermic therapy. When coated and determined by dynamic light scattering, the hydrodynamic diameter of the particles was 56 nm for the lowest PEG/iron ratio. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the content of PEG in the ferrofluid ranged from 6.5% to 23.8%, depending on the different molecular weights and amount of PEG used. The interaction of PEG with magnetite is probably due to dipole–cation binding between the ether group of the polymer and the positive charge of magnetite. As regards physical stability, the ferrofluid was stable in the absence of salt over a period of more than two years.
“仁術”與“方技”: 中國傳統醫患關係的倫理現實 (2010)

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.本文首先對中國傳統醫學生活的結構和運動模式兩個方面進行了探討，借此提出以下觀點：中國傳統的醫患倫理關係並不是一種典型的職業倫理關係，它建立在中國傳統醫學學術和社會生活的基礎之上，其道德效力整合於這種特定的生活境遇之中；醫生與病人都被整合在社會倫理關係的網路之中，醫患關係根據醫病雙方各自具體的社會倫理身份以及具體的醫療活動場景的不同而運動變化。這樣一種倫理關係使中國傳統醫學生活充滿了矛盾：醫家雖然將醫學稱為“奪造化之權，以救人生死”《醫學源流論˙醫非人人可學論》的大“道”，但又必須承認其在現實性上是一種“持方技以事上”的小“術”，苦苦掙扎在崇高的道德責任感和低下的自我倫理認知之間；病家既保有一種有限的選擇和評價醫生、干預診療活動的自主權，又必須遵循社會倫理法則來認識和調整與醫生的關係，在和醫生的相互角力中維護自己的權益。傳統醫學道德過於追求高尚而遠離普通醫生的生活實際，這就大大消弱了它對現實生活的指導力量，無助於建立一種合理的職業倫理規範，更違背了中國傳統倫理學“德得相通”的最高道德原則。Using examples from ancient texts, this paper contends that the traditional physician-patient relationship should be understood and interpreted within the matrix of the social and ethical network of a society. As such, the physician-patient relationship is not what we call “a professional relationship,” in that there is no fixed or objective standard to qualify it. In the Confucian tradition, for instance, the physician-patient relationship changes according to the social identity of the patient. The moral responsibility of the physician also becomes ambiguous when he or she is required to treat the patient as a “relative” or “friend.” The patient, in contrast, has a very limited “autonomy,” if there is such a thing, to choose his or her own doctors and make medical decisions. The same situation can be seen in Daoist medical practice when the physician has to struggle between the “Dao of medicine” and the “skill of medicine,” or between the moral dimension of medicine and the efficaciousness of medicine. The medical profession in the past was never an independent entity with independent ethical standards, and has always been part of a wider value system.Because of this, when medical professionals nowadays try to adopt Western ideas underpinned by different principles and theories, they find moral clashes between two traditions due to their conflicting value systems. As a result, concepts such as “patient rights” are at odds with the traditional understanding of the physician-patient relationship, which emphasizes context and situation. This paper also criticizes virtue-based morality in China, contending that principle-based morality would be better for reconstructing a more objective standard of morality for medical professionals in China.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 207 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
Materials and Processes for Reliable Soldering of Chip Components (1984)

This paper outlines some general aspects of materials and processes for reliable soldering of chip components and presents some new results on testing of wettability and leaching of thick films, thermal fatigue of solders and the reliability of solder joints on different thick film metallisations.
Non-monotonic variation of viscous dissipation in confined liquid films: A reconciliation (2012)

Viscous dissipation in highly anisotropic confined liquids is at the moment heavily debated due to conflicting results from different experiments. We report molecular-dynamics simulations of such confined liquids in a geometry mimicking atomic force microscopy experiments. Using a novel approach based on the analysis of force fluctuations and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, we extract the damping coefficient for the normal motion of the tip. Our results reveal the existence of peaks of excess dissipation at intermediate gap widths between n and n+1 molecular layers, in agreement with recent experiments. The observed correlation between these peaks and the decreased order in the films provides a microscopic interpretation of these experimental results.
The Reaction Mechanism of Paraoxon Hydrolysis by Phosphotriesterase from Combined QM/MM Simulations (2007)

Molecular dynamics simulations employing combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) potentials have been carried out to investigate the reaction mechanism of the hydrolysis of paraoxon by phosphotriesterase (PTE). We used a dual-level QM/MM approach that synthesizes accurate results from high-level electronic structure calculations with computational efficiency of semiempirical QM/MM potentials for free energy simulations. In particular, the intrinsic (gas-phase) energies of the active site in the QM region are determined by using density functional theory (B3LYP) and second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) and the molecular dynamics free energy simulations are performed by using the mixed AM1:CHARMM potential. The simulation results suggest a revised mechanism for the phosphotriester hydrolysis mechanism by PTE. The reaction free energy profile is mirrored by structural motions of the binuclear metal center in the active site. The two zinc ions occupy a compact conformation with an average zinc-zinc distance of 3.5 +/- 0.1 A in the Michaelis complex, whereas it is elongated to 5.3 +/- 0.3 A at the transition state and product state. The substrate is loosely bound to the more exposed zinc ion (Znbeta2+) at an average distance of 3.8 A +/- 0.3 A. The P=O bond of the substrate paraoxon is activated by adopting a tight coordination to the Znbeta2+, releasing the coordinate to the bridging hydroxide ion and increasing its nucleophilicity. It was also found that a water molecule enters into the binding pocket of the loosely bound binuclear center, originally occupied by the nucleophilic hydroxide ion. We suggest that the proton of this water molecule is taken up by His254 at low pH or released to the solvent at high pH, resulting in a hydroxide ion that pulls the Znbeta2+ ion closer to form the compact configuration and restores the resting state of the enzyme.