gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of addition of cell wall degrading enzymes on the chemical composition and the <i>in sacco</i> degradation of grass silage (1989)

Abstract Herbage (83% Lolium perenne and 17% Trifolium repens ) was harvested 15,28 and 42 d after second cut, and ensiled in 1.5 liter preserving jars either directly, at 20% dry matter (DM), or wilted (30 and 45% DM). Each variant was ensiled with and without a commercial preparation of cell wall degrading enzymes and stored for 90 d at 30°C. Samples were then incubated in nylon bags in the rumens of three cannulated cows for 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 288 h to study the in sacco degradation of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and (hemi) cellulose. Addition of cell wall degrading enzymes significantly decreased cell wall content. The magnitude Of the decrease was influenced by stage of maturity and DM percentage. Maturity increased the DM content as well as decreasing the effect of enzymes on cell wall components. Lactic acid content increased and the pH value and ammonia ( P < 0.05) decreased, indicating a greater extent of fermentation in the enzyme‐treated silages. Enzyme treatment had no effect on the content of digestible OM estimated by in vitro incubations. The undegradable fractions of OM, CP and cell wall components were not significantly changed by the addition of enzymes. The results suggest that the cell wall degrading enzymes affected the insoluble, rumen‐degradable fractions, thereby increasing the instantly degradable fractions. Consequently, the calculated effective degradation of OM and CP in the enzyme‐treated silages was significantly ( P < 0.05) higher than in the untreated silages.
A novel neural eye gaze tracker (2006)

A gaze tracking system, based on a novel neural approach, is proposed. The work is part of a wider research project concerning the development of human computer interfaces (HCI) addressed to disabled people, that could overcome the drawbacks of most of the existing methods for gaze tracking that require either intrusive devices or expensive equipment. This work, instead, aims at developing a low cost, completely non-intrusive and self-calibrating system which combines different techniques for three blocks in Eye Gaze Tracking, i.e. blink detection, feature extraction and neural computing. The experimental results show good accuracy in eye gaze tracking (rmse < 1 degree), and adequate generalization performance (rmse < 2 degrees).
Sensor modeling for the Virtual Autonomous Navigation Environment (2009)

The Virtual Autonomous Navigation Environment (VANE) is a high fidelity, physics-based simulation process that produces realistic simulated sensor output for use in the development and testing of Autonomous Mobility Systems (AMS). The VANE produces simulated sensor output for ranging and camera sensors that are characterized by a few easily determined input parameters. This flexibility allows for the efficient characterization of a sensor interaction with a particular AMS. This paper presents the development of these models and some initial results.
The impact of transmit buffer on EDCA with frame-bursting option for wireless networks (2005)

Enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) is a contention-based scheme of the 802.11e proposal. To allow a station to transmit more than one frame, an optional feature known as controlled frame-bursting (CFB) is introduced in its proposal. We perform a detailed evaluation of the EDCA protocol with the CFB option to quantify its performance gain. The impact of the MAC transmit buffer size is also incorporated. Accordingly, we propose a suitable approach to guide the configuration of the burst limit.
Solid Phase Synthesis of a Mitozolomide‐oligonucleotide Conjugate Using a Novel Silyl‐linked Solid Support (1996)

A new strategy for automated solid phase synthesis of an oligonucleotide conjugate of the base sensitive anti-cancer agent mitozolomide is described. Fully protected oligonucleotides were selected as base sensitive model sequences and were synthesized in 99% overall yields using a novel silyl-linked controlled-pore glass (SLCPG) solid support. Quantitative cleavage of compounds from SLCPG was achieved within 60 s at room temperature using tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (TBAF) buffered with acetic acid. Reversed-phase HPLC analysis of lipophilic compounds 5 and 8 showed distributions of diastereoisomers due to chirality at the protected phosphorus centres.



Pentyl-linked mitozolomide phosphoramidite, prepared in three steps from mitozolomide in 35% overall yield, was used in solid phase synthesis of a mitozolomide-oligonucleotide conjugate. Cleavage of the conjugate from SLCPG and concomitant removal of the cyanoethyl groups from phosphorus was achieved within 2 h at 50°C using TBAF buffered with acetic acid.
Terminology Extraction Approaches for Product Aspect Detection in Customer Reviews (2013)

In this paper, we address the problem of identifying relevant product aspects in a collection of online customer reviews. Being able to detect such aspects represents an important subtask of aspect-based review mining systems, which aim at automatically generating structured summaries of customer opinions. We cast the task as a terminology extraction problem and examine the utility of varying term acquisition heuristics, filtering techniques, variant aggregation methods, and relevance measures. We evaluate the different approaches on two distinct datasets (hotel and camera reviews). For the best configuration, we find significant improvements over a state-of-the-art baseline method.
Biodegradable Polymeric Fiber Structures in Tissue Engineering (2008)

Tissue engineering offers a promising new approach to create biological alternatives to repair or restore function of damaged or diseased tissues. To obtain three-dimensional tissue constructs, stem or progenitor cells must be combined with a highly porous three-dimensional scaffold, but many of the structures purposed for tissue engineering cannot meet all the criteria required by an adequate scaffold because of lack of mechanical strength and interconnectivity, as well as poor surface characteristics. Fiber-based structures represent a wide range of morphological and geometric possibilities that can be tailored for each specific tissue-engineering application. The present article overviews the research data on tissue-engineering therapies based on the use of biodegradable fiber architectures as a scaffold.
ReacKnock: Identifying Reaction Deletion Strategies for Microbial Strain Optimization Based on Genome-Scale Metabolic Network (2013)

Gene knockout has been used as a common strategy to improve microbial strains for producing chemicals. Several algorithms are available to predict the target reactions to be deleted. Most of them apply mixed integer bi-level linear programming (MIBLP) based on metabolic networks, and use duality theory to transform bi-level optimization problem of large-scale MIBLP to single-level programming. However, the validity of the transformation was not proved. Solution of MIBLP depends on the structure of inner problem. If the inner problem is continuous, Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) method can be used to reformulate the MIBLP to a single-level one. We adopt KKT technique in our algorithm ReacKnock to attack the intractable problem of the solution of MIBLP, demonstrated with the genome-scale metabolic network model of E. coli for producing various chemicals such as succinate, ethanol, threonine and etc. Compared to the previous methods, our algorithm is fast, stable and reliable to find the optimal solutions for all the chemical products tested, and able to provide all the alternative deletion strategies which lead to the same industrial objective.
Duplex In Situ Hybridization in the Study of Gene Co-regulation in the Vertebrate Brain (2009)

We describe here a high-sensitivity in situ hybridization protocol, optimized for fresh-frozen brain sections, that enables the detection of two transcripts, at single cell resolution. Riboprobes directed against two mRNAs of interest are synthesized with nucleotides tagged with different haptens (digoxigenin- or biotin-UTP), via in vitro transcription, hybridized simultaneously to brain sections, and independently detected through immunocytochemistry. Sequential detection of each probe involves peroxidase-mediated precipitation of tyramide-linked fluorophores of separate emission wavelengths. In addition, we demonstrate how classic non-fluorescent chromogens, such as 3,3'-diaminobenzidine, can be successfully combined with fluorescence-based detection, to yield reliable detection of two transcript populations. We provide examples of representative results obtained with this protocol and describe necessary controls. Additionally, we discuss common problems associated with this methodology, and detail troubleshooting recommendations. Although this method has been optimized for brain sections, it may be useful to detect two mRNA species in a variety of tissues.
A Comparison of Collaborative-Filtering Recommendation Algorithms for E-commerce (2007)

Collaborative filtering is one of the most widely adopted and successful recommendation approaches. Unlike approaches based on intrinsic consumer and product characteristics, CF characterizes consumers and products implicitly by their previous interactions. The simplest example is to recommend the most popular products to all consumers. Researchers are advancing CF technologies in such areas as algorithm design, human- computer interaction design, consumer incentive analysis, and privacy protection.
ChemInform Abstract: THE EFFECT OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE ON OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SYSTEMS CONTAINING CARBON CHIRALITY CENTERS. PART XIX. SYNTHESIS, SPATIAL CONFIGURATION AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF α‐(7‐BROMO‐1‐NAPHTHYL)PROPIONIC ACIDS (1981)

Abstract Der aus den Komponenten (I) und (II) unter Reformatski‐Bedingungen erhältliche Ester (III) (instabil) wird über das Dehydratisierungsprodukt (IV) in den aromatischen Ester (Va) bzw. durch dessen Hydrolyse in die racemische Säure (Vb) übergeführt, die über die Brucinsalze in ihre Enantiomeren getrennt wird.
Tropical Cyclone Kinematic Structure Retrieved from Single-Doppler Radar Observations. Part I: Interpretation of Doppler Velocity Patterns and the GBVTD Technique (1999)

Deducing the three-dimensional primary circulation of landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) from single groundbased Doppler radar data remains a difficult task. The evolution and structure of landfalling TCs and their interactions with terrain are left uncharted due to the lack of dual-Doppler radar observations. Existing groundbased single-Doppler radar TC algorithms provide only qualitative information on axisymmetric TC center location and intensity. In order to improve understanding of the wind structures of landfalling TCs using the widely available WSR-88D data along the U.S. coastal region, a single ground-based radar TC wind retrieval technique, the ground-based Velocity Track Display (GBVTD) technique, is developed. Part I of this paper presents 1) single-Doppler velocity patterns of analytic, asymmetric TCs, 2) derivation of the GBVTD technique, and 3) evaluation of the GBVTD-retrieved winds using analytic TCs.
Cortical responses to pain in healthy individuals depends on pain catastrophizing (2006)

The personal experience of pain is complex and depends on physiological and psychological factors. From this latter category, pain catastrophizing plays an important role in pain behavior and response. We aimed to determine the effect of pain catastrophizing on central nociceptive processing in healthy individuals. Functional MRI was performed during two pain intensity levels evoked by electrical median nerve stimulation in 22 healthy individuals. Pain catastrophizing scores were determined for all subjects. Pain catastrophizing was not related to activity in regions associated with sensory-discriminative aspects of pain, such as the primary or secondary somatosensory cortex. Instead, during mild pain, there was a relationship between catastrophizing and activity in cortical regions associated with affective, attention, and motor aspects of pain, including dorsolateral prefrontal, insula, rostral anterior cingulate, premotor, and parietal cortices. During more intense pain, prefrontal cortical regions implicated in the top-down modulation of pain were negatively correlated with catastrophizing. These findings can be viewed from the framework of an attention model of pain catastrophizing, whereby a cortical vigilance network is engaged during mild pain, but diminished prefrontal cortical modulation impedes disengaging from and suppressing pain during more intense pain. These findings may also implicate catastrophizing in the progression to or persistence of chronic pain.
Iron-Dependent Regulation of Ferritin and Transferrin Receptor Expression by the Iron-Responsive Element Binding Protein (1992)

INTRODUCTION 345 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF FERRITIN AND TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR 348 THE IRON-RESPONSE ELEMENT ........ ..... . . . . . . . . ... . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. . . . . 349 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE IRON-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEINS (IRE-BPs) 35 1 Conservation of IRE-BPs.. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . 35 1 Purification, Cloning, and Characterization of IRE-BPs .. ..... ........ ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 IRON-DEPENDENT POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION BY IRE-BPs . . ..... , 353 Translational Regulation by IRE-BPs . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . 353 Stabilization of TjR mRNA by IRE-BPs.... .. .... . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . .. . . . . . . . .. 357 A Model for the Coordinate Regulation of Ferritin and TjR by IRE-BPs .. 358 MECHANISM OF ACTIVATION OF IRE-BPs BY IRON 360 RELATED FAMILIES OF IRE-BPs 363 CONCLUDING REMARKS 363
Negative Controls (2010)

Noncausal associations between exposures and outcomes are a threat to validity of causal inference in observational studies. Many techniques have been developed for study design and analysis to identify and eliminate such errors. Such problems are not expected to compromise experimental studies, where careful standardization of conditions (for laboratory work) and randomization (for population studies) should, if applied properly, eliminate most such noncausal associations. We argue, however, that a routine precaution taken in the design of biologic laboratory experiments--the use of "negative controls"--is designed to detect both suspected and unsuspected sources of spurious causal inference. In epidemiology, analogous negative controls help to identify and resolve confounding as well as other sources of error, including recall bias or analytic flaws. We distinguish 2 types of negative controls (exposure controls and outcome controls), describe examples of each type from the epidemiologic literature, and identify the conditions for the use of such negative controls to detect confounding. We conclude that negative controls should be more commonly employed in observational studies, and that additional work is needed to specify the conditions under which negative controls will be sensitive detectors of other sources of error in observational studies.
THE ADSORPTION OF INOSITOL PHOSPHATES AND GLYCEROPHOSPHATE BY SOIL CLAYS, CLAY MINERALS, AND HYDRATED SESQUIOXIDES IN ACID MEDIA (1962)

Summary A study has been made of the adsorption of inositol phosphates and β‐glycerophosphate by soil clays and minerals in a wide range of acid media. Of the adsorbents tested, the most active were boehmite, a soil clay with a high sesquioxide content, ferric oxide gel, and montmorillonite. Generally, in the case of the inositol phosphates, the higher the number of phosphate groups in the molecule, the greater was the degree of adsorption. There were exceptions in the case of some of the ferric hydroxide‐inositol phosphate systems. Adsorption of inositol hexaphosphate was favoured in two distinct acid media, at pH 3 to 4, and in acid of concentration about 0·1N. Montmorillonite was reactive at pH about 4, apparently owing to its content of active aluminium; X‐ray examination gave no indication that an ordered clay‐organic complex was formed. Montrnorillonite, kaolinite, and an illitic soil clay sorbed negligible amounts of the ester in strongly acid media. Ferric oxide gel removed considerable amounts of inositol hexaphosphate from strongly acid solution, presumably partly by adsorption, and partly by precipitation of insoluble salts or complexes of the ester. At pH 3 to 4 the gel was relatively ineffective, Boehmite was very reactive over a wide range of acid concentrations, from pH 4 down to concentrations of 4N with respect to hydrochloric acid; greatest sorption occurred at pH about 1. The sesquioxide rich soil clay had a high sorption capacity for inositol hexaphosphate in a wide range of acid concentrations. Removal of active iron and aluminium destroyed its activity at pH 4, but the clay was still reactive at pH 1. Inositol mono‐, di‐, and triphosphates were adsorbed by boehmite to a greater extent in IN HCl than in 0·1N HCl. This was true also of β‐glycerophosphate which was sorbed to a greater extent at pH 2·4, and in IN HCl than in 0·1N HCl. The adsorption of phosphate esters in equivalent concentrations of hydrochloric and sulphuric acids was often markedly different.
Mesalazine and/or Lactobacillus casei in maintaining long-term remission of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon. (2008)

Mesalazine and/or Lactobacillus casei seem to be effective in maintaining remission of DD for long-time. Moreover, we found recurrence of the disease and complications in all patients suspending treatments.
Real-Time Monitoring of Mobile Biological Sensor Data-Streams: Architecture and Cost-Model (2008)

In this paper an architecture useful to build systems that monitor data streams generated by biological sensors attached to mobile users is presented. In order to illustrate the suitability and applicability of our proposal, we introduce two particular real systems: an anywhere and at any time monitoring system of heart arrhythmias and a portable and light system that monitor sleep apneas. We also propose a cost model that takes into account three aspects related to the system efficiency: selection of the optimal granularity, that is, the selection of the size of the input data stream package that has to be acquired in order to start a new processing cycle; the possible use of compression techniques to store and send the acquired input data stream and; finally, the performance of a local analysis versus a remote one.
Morphological development of solidification structures under forced fluid flow: experimental observation (2003)

AbstractAbstractMorphological evolution of solidification structures in stirred Sn-15Pb (wt-%) alloy has been investigated using various stirrer geometries and stirring intensities. A serial sectioning experiment was carried out to evaluate the actual morphology of the solid formed in three dimensions, and illustrated that microstructural observation from a single two-dimensional section may be inconclusive in many cases. Based on experimental observation it is proposed that the morphological evolution can be explained as a growth phenomenon. Different solidification structures observed under melt stirring conditions can be explained on the basis of the effect of fluid flow characteristics on diffusion geometry around the growing solid. It has been shown that a low intensity laminar flow produces a dendritic structure; particle rotation under shear flow produces a rosette morphology, and intense turbulent flow produces fine and compact solidification structures.
Cross-correlation filtering (1954)

Abstract Correlation analysis techniques may be applied to seismic data already subjected to standard recording and analysis procedure in an effort to extract additional information, or to raw data as an alternative filtering method. These techniques involve determination of certain parameters which provide a quantitative measure of the correlation between two sets of data. Among the most useful of these parameters are the auto- and cross-correlation coefficients and functions long used by statisticians in time series analysis and recently applied to filtering and prediction problems in the field of communications. This paper discusses some applications of correlation analysis in interpretation of seismograms. The use of cross-correlation analysis to identify weak reflections masked by high noise is illustrated for several problems. Equivalence of correlation analysis procedures to filtering operations is stressed. Special analog computing equipment facilitating computation of correlation coefficients and power spectra directly from oscillograms or graphs is described. A brief discussion of modern optimum filter theory is presented.
Molecular markers of phase transition in locusts (2006)

提炼伴随转变从的变化对在蝗虫的独居的阶段状态群居是那么激烈的很长时间，这些阶段被看作不同种类。是鲍里斯·乌瓦罗夫介绍了 polyphenism 的概念。研究的十年表明阶段转变在 morphometry，表皮的颜色，行为和生理学的几个方面暗示变化。在最近的十年，特别地，相当很多分子的研究被承担了揭开阶段相关的差别。他们导致了新奇卓见进 corazonin 的角色， neuroparsins，一些朊酶禁止者， phenylacetonitrile 等等。蝗虫的 EST 数据库的来临(例如坑等， 2004 ) 是在生理、行为的蝗虫研究的很令人鼓舞的新奇开发。然而，最吸引人的问题的答案，也就是是否有阶段转变的初发的分子的 inducer，在不久的将来可能不在活动范围以内。
THE PRESSURE PROBE: A Versatile Tool in Plant Cell Physiology (1999)

This review discusses how the pressure probe has evolved from an instrument for measuring cell turgor and other water relations parameters into a device for sampling the contents of individual higher plant cells in situ in the living plant. Together with a suite of microanalytical techniques it has permitted the mapping of water and solute relations at the resolution of single cells and has the potential to link quantitatively the traditionally separate areas of water relations and metabolism. The development of the probe is outlined and its modification to measure root pressure and xylem tension described. The deployment of the pressure probe to determine and map turgor, hydraulic conductivity, reflection coefficient, cell rheological properties, solute concentrations and enzyme activities at the resolution of single cells is discussed. The controversy surrounding the interpretation of results obtained with the xylem-pressure probe is included. Possible further developments of the probe and applications of single cell sampling are suggested.
700V Lateral DMOS with New Source Fingertip Design (2008)

For decades of years, the most advanced commercial LDMOS was made by double RESURF technique using p-type Held shaping layer until dual current path LDMOS which has triple RESURF structure. The specific on resistance of LDMOS was reduced to about 60% comparing to conventional LDMOS by using buried p-type field shaping layer which make it possible to get triple RESURF structure for LDMOS. The crucial point to get low specific on resistance of LDMOS is also source fingertip design because large source radius to avoid electric field concentration causes poor specific on-resistance characteristics. This paper presents high voltage LDMOS with two types of RESURF structure which has different charge balances to get lower specific on-resistance and high sustaining voltage at the same time.
Multipattern string matching with <i>q</i> -grams (2007)

We present three algorithms for exact string matching of multiple patterns. Our algorithms are filtering methods, which apply q -grams and bit parallelism. We ran extensive experiments with them and compared them with various versions of earlier algorithms, e.g., different trie implementations of the Aho--Corasick algorithm. All of our algorithms appeared to be substantially faster than earlier solutions for sets of 1,000--10,000 patterns and the good performance of two of them continues to 100,000 patterns. The gain is because of the improved filtering efficiency caused by q -grams.