gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Local Simulation Algorithms for Coulomb Interactions (2002)

Long ranged electrostatic interactions are time consuming to calculate in molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations. We introduce an algorithmic framework for simulating charged particles which modifies the dynamics so as to allow equilibration using a local Hamiltonian. The method introduces an auxiliary field with constrained dynamics so that the equilibrium distribution is determined by the Coulomb interaction. We demonstrate the efficiency of the method by simulating a simple, charged lattice gas.
Accounting for Interrupts in Multiprocessor Real-Time Systems (2009)

The importance of accounting for interrupts in multiprocessor real-time schedulability analysis is discussed. Three interrupt accounting methods, two of which are newly described here, are analyzed and compared.
Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Aspartic Protease from Plutella xylostella, Diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Midgut: Inactivation by an Aspartic Protease Inhibitor (2012)

An aspartic protease from Plutella xylostella (PxAP) was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate precipitation; gel filtration and affinity chromatography with 110 fold purification. The enzyme exhibited a Mr. of 46.1kDa on SDS-PAGE with an optimum pH and temperature of 3.5 and 37°C respectively. The enzyme hydrolyzed hemoglobin with a K M value of 538 µM . The enzyme properties are consistent with those of aspartic proteases as it was inhibited by pepstatin and also by an aspartic protease inhibitor, API. The inhibition of PxAP by API followed a hyperbolic pattern with increasing concentrations of inhibitor with an IC 50 value of 44μM. The inhibition constant K i determined by Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plot was found to be 59μM and 55μM respectively. The Kinetic studies on the PxAP-API interactions reveal a slow-tight binding competitive mechanism of inhibition with the overall inhibition constant K i *= 3.7 ± 0.3nM . The inhibition progress curves are time-dependent and consistent with slow-tight binding inhibition: E+I ⇄ ( k 3 , k 4 )EI ⇄ ( k 5 , k 6 )EI*. The rate constant k 5 =6.64 ± 0.7 ´ 10 -2 s -1 reveals a fast isomerization of enzyme-inhibitor complex [EI] and a very slow dissociation of EI* complex, which is proved by rate constant k 6 =5.67 ± 0.9 ´ 10 -6 s -1 . The Rate constants from the intrinsic tryptophanyl fluorescence data are in agreement with those obtained from the kinetic analysis, therefore the induced conformational changes in the enzyme were correlated to the isomerization of EI to EI*.
Subchronic treatment of rats with oxytocin results in improved adipocyte differentiation and increased gene expression of factors involved in adipogenesis (2010)

The present results demonstrate that subchronic treatment with oxytocin induces adipogenic and angiogenic effects and that the eEF2 signalling pathway is involved in these effects of oxytocin on adipose tissue in vivo. These findings are likely to motivate further research and indicate new approaches for modulating adipose tissue morphology and metabolism.
Binding of T4 endonuclease V to deoxyribonucleic acid irradiated with ultraviolet light (1980)

Endonuclease V of bacteriophage T4 binds to UV-irradiated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) but not to unirradiated DNA. We have developed an assay to detect this binding, based on the retention of enzyme--DNA complexes on nitrocellulose filters. The amount of complex retained, ascertained by using radioactive DNA, is a measure of T4 endonuclease V activity. The assay is simple, rapid, and specific, which makes it useful for detecting T4 endonuclease V activity both in crude lysates and in purified preparations. We have used it to monitor enzyme activity during purification and to study binding of the enzyme to DNA under conditions that minimize the ability of the enzyme to nick DNA. From our data we conclude that (1) T4 endonuclease V binds to UV-irradiated DNA but not to DNA that has been previously incised by the endonuclease, (2) equilibrium between the free and complexed form of the enzyme is attained under our reaction conditions, (3) dissociation of enzyme--DNA complexes is retarded by sodium cyanide, and (4) retention of enzyme--DNA complexes on nitrocellulose filters is enhanced by high concentrations of saline--citrate.
Evaluation of the Teratogenic Risk of Cutaneously Administered Retinoids (1993)

In current cutaneous retinoid therapy systemic exposure is low and the risk of teratogenesis appears to be limited. However, new indications, altered posologies and the introduction of new synthetic retinoids demand continuous assessment of the teratogenic risk. Teratogenicity testing of new substances in animals is only of value if accompanied by detailed pharmacokinetic analysis to establish the relationships between the levels of parent compound and metabolite in both maternal plasma and fetal tissues and teratogenic events. This information should be compared to the maximum of relevant pharmacokinetic data which can be ethically obtained in man or from human tissues. The presence or absence of teratogenic effects following cutaneous administration of retinoids in animals has, as such, little direct bearing on the risk in man. Two special cases exist where teratogenic risk can be evaluated directly in man without reference to animal studies. The first concerns substances whose teratogenic potential has been established in man by other routes of administration permitting a comparison with the cutaneous route on a pharmacokinetic basis. The second concerns the cutaneous administration of endogenously occurring substances and their eventual disturbance of systemic retinoid equilibrium.
PhoE porin of Escherichia coli and phosphate reversal of acid damage and killing and of acid induction of the CadA gene product (1993)

The lethal effects of inorganic acid on phoE+ Escherichia coli strains, grown at neutral pHo, were enhanced by chloramphenicol, apparently because some organisms acquire acid tolerance (habituate) during challenge and chloramphenicol stops this. Phosphate (and/or polyphosphate) present during challenge prevented killing and damage by acid to outer membranes, DNA and cellular enzymes but did not prevent acid pHo enhancing novobiocin activity. To reverse acid effects, phosphate must interact with or cross the outer membrane but need not enter the cytoplasm; it is probable that it competes with H+ (or protonated anions) for passage through the PhoE pore. Phosphate also prevented induction of beta-galactosidase in a strain with the cadA promoter fused to lacZ. Four unc mutants showed essentially normal acid sensitivity and habituation; the same was true for strains with lesions in fur, oxyR, katF, phoP, cadA and hycB. In contrast, deletion of rpoH led to slightly increased acid sensitivity for cells grown at pHo 7.0, although habituation was relatively normal.
Glacier‐bed geomorphic processes and hydrologic conditions relevant to nuclear waste disposal (2011)

Abstract Characterizing glaciotectonic deformation, glacial erosion and sedimentation, and basal hydrologic conditions of ice sheets is vital for selecting sites for nuclear waste repositories at high latitudes. Glaciotectonic deformation is enhanced by excess pore pressures that commonly persist near ice sheet margins. Depths of such deformation can extend locally to a few tens of meters, with depths up to approximately 300 m in exceptional cases. Rates of glacial erosion are highly variable (0.05–15 mm a −1 ), but rates <1 mm a −1 are expected in tectonically quiescent regions. Total erosion probably not exceeding several tens of meters is expected during a glacial cycle, although locally erosion could be greater. Consolidation of glacial sediments that is less than expected from independent estimates of glacier thickness indicates that heads at the bases of past ice sheets were usually within 30% of the floatation value. This conclusion is reinforced by direct measurements of water pressure beneath portions of the West Antarctic ice sheet, which indicate average heads <7 m below floatation. Landforms of the Laurentide and Scandinavian ice sheets and recent observations in Greenland indicate that high seasonal discharges of surface water are conducted to the bed, despite thick ice at subfreezing temperatures. Therefore, in models of subglacial groundwater flow used to assess sites for nuclear waste repositories, a flux upper boundary condition based on water input from only basal melting will be far more uncertain than applying a hydraulic head at the upper boundary set equal to a large fraction of the floatation value.
Progress and Outlook of Inorganic Nanoparticles for Delivery of Nucleic Acid Sequences Related to Orthopedic Pathologies: A Review (2011)

The anticipated growth in the aging population will drastically increase medical needs of society; of which, one of the largest components will undoubtedly be from orthopedic-related pathologies. There are several proposed solutions being investigated to cost-effectively prepare for the future--pharmaceuticals, implant devices, cell and gene therapies, or some combination thereof. Gene therapy is one of the more promising possibilities because it seeks to correct the root of the problem, thereby minimizing treatment duration and cost. Currently, viral vectors have shown the highest efficacies, but immunological concerns remain. Nonviral methods show reduced immune responses but are regarded as less efficient. The nonviral paradigms consist of mechanical and chemical approaches. While organic-based materials have been used more frequently in particle-based methods, inorganic materials capable of delivery have distinct advantages, especially advantageous in orthopedic applications. The inorganic gene therapy field is highly interdisciplinary in nature, and requires assimilation of knowledge across the broad fields of cell biology, biochemistry, molecular genetics, materials science, and clinical medicine. This review provides an overview of the role each area plays in orthopedic gene therapy as well as possible future directions for the field.
Damping of flexural vibrations in glass fibre composite plates and honeycomb sandwich panels containing indentations of power-law profile (2013)

In this paper, the results of the experimental investigation into the addition of indentations of power-law profile into composite plates and panels and their subsequent inclusion into composite honeycomb sandwich panels are reported. The composite plates in question are sheets of composite with visible indentations of power-law profile. A panel is a sheet of composite with the indentations encased within the sample. This makes a panel similar in surface texture to an un-machined composite sheet (reference plate) or conventional honeycomb sandwich panel. In the case of quadratic or higher-order profiles, the above-mentioned indentations act as two-dimensional acoustic black holes (ABH) for flexural waves that can absorb a large proportion of the incident wave energy. For all the composite samples tested in this investigation, the addition of two-dimensional acoustic black holes resulted in further increase in damping of resonant vibrations, in addition to the already substantial inherent damping due to large values of the loss factor for composites. Due to large values of the loss factor for composite materials, there was no need to use attached absorbing layers to implement the acoustic black hole effect.
Introduction: China, India and the New Asian Drama (2009)

AbstractThe following sections are included:Chapter SummariesThe Future of India and China's Rise
AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors on Semi-Insulating Ammono-GaN Substrates with Regrown Ohmic Contacts (2018)

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors on semi-insulating bulk ammonothermal GaN have been investigated. By application of regrown ohmic contacts, the problem with obtaining low resistance ohmic contacts to low-dislocation high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structures was solved. The maximum output current was about 1 A/mm and contact resistances was in the range of 0.3⁻0.6 Ω ·mm. Good microwave performance was obtained due to the absence of parasitic elements such as high access resistance.
Stereochemical Factors in Biological Activity (1959)

The property of many enzymes to attack one of a pair of stereoisomers selectively, ‘stereochemical specificity’, has been known for many years. In 1925, Cushny 1) wrote ‘the reactions of the enzymes to optically active isomers have been the subject of a large number of researches’. In the latter half of the previous century, Pasteur had been impressed with the abundance of optically active compounds in nature. Subsequent work has demonstrated that the majority of chemical substances formed and broken down in metabolic processes are optically active.
[Wheezing in infants]. (2000)

The wheeze are a common symptom in nursing, especially when suffer infections of the respiratory tract. They are common in 75 to 85% of the children, who have wheezes during some stage of their development between 2 to 5 years old. They can be related to smoking motherly during the pregnancy, exposition to the smoke of the tobacco to the subsequent stage to the birth, exposition to environmental and certain factor infections veers them. The wheezes in patient with atopy maybe they are related to a IgE two standard deviations up above of what is normal and persist as asthma in late stages. The wheeze is an affection syndromatic therefore it is obligatory to seek the factor unfetter you to arrive to a definitive diagnosis.
Soft magnetism of high-nitrogen-concentration FeTaN films (1991)

High-nitrogen-concentration FeTaN films have been newly developed as a high performance magnetic head core material. 10.5–14.5 (at. %) N, 8–13 Ta, and balance Fe composition films, prepared by a nitrogen reactive sputtering method followed by appropriate annealing (500–550 °C), have high saturation flux density (14–17 kG) and excellent soft magnetic properties: such as low coercivity (∼0.1 Oe), high relative permeability (3000 at 20 MHz), and small saturation magnetostriction ( &lt; 0.5 × 10−6). Fine crystal structure is one of the most essential origins for the soft magnetism of FeTaN films. The FeTaN films are expected to realize recording density increases and rubbing noise reduction with high durability and high reliability due to their high Vickers hardness (1000) and their higher corrosion resistance than Sendust film.
案例與例外 : 十三妹作為香港專欄作家 = Hong Kong columnist Shi San Mei : an (exceptional) case study (2008)

香港專欄作家十三妹在一九五○年代末突然冒起，以隨筆、漫談吸引了大量讀者。她從來不與報紙編輯或其他專欄作家見面，因而予人神秘之感；但她又在專欄里坦然自述身世和生活，恣意批評政治、社會、文化各方面的現象，樹敵無數。十三妹以寫作為生，卻自言與同行格格不入，本文嘗試利用十三妹專欄裏的豐富材料，勾勒五、六○年代香港職業寫作人的形態，並通過十三妹涉及的紛爭，探討當時文學圏裹的權力關係。
Software process enactment in Oikos (1990)

Despite much research work in progress to model the different facets of software process enactment from different approaches, there are no models yet generally recognized as adequate, and there is need for more experimentation. We describe the Oikos environment and its coordination language ESP: they provide an infrastructure in which experiments may be performed and evaluated.
An Experimental Investigation of Rotating Stall Flow in a Centrifugal Compressor (1982)

The flow through a centrifugal compressor impeller and a vaneless diffuser was investigated using unsteady pressure transducers and stationary probes when the compressor operated in the rotating stall region of the compressor map. The inlet velocity profile of the impeller was measured with traversing probes and was found to be significantly different from the profiles measured in an unthrottled condition. A zone of reverse flow was detected close to the suction duct wall as well as a strong swirl induced by the impeller. Circumferentially and meridionally spaced transducers made it possible to determine the stall frequency and the number of stall cells. The amplitude of the flow distortion as a function of meridional position was calculated from meridionally spaced transducers.
Emergency Response Communications and Associated Security Challenges (2010)

The natural or man-made disaster demands an efficient communication and coordination among first responders to save life and other community resources. Normally, the traditional communication infrastructures such as land line or cellular networks are damaged and don't provide adequate communication services to first responders for exchanging emergency related information. Wireless ad hoc networks such as mobile ad hoc networks, wireless sensor networks and wireless mesh networks are the promising alternatives in such type of situations. The security requirements for emergency response communications include privacy, data integrity, authentication, key management, access control and availability. Various ad hoc communication frameworks have been proposed for emergency response situations. The majority of the proposed frameworks don't provide adequate security services for reliable and secure information exchange. This paper presents a survey of the proposed emergency response communication frameworks and the potential security services required by them to provide reliable and secure information exchange during emergency situations.
Forced oscillation technique and impulse oscillometry (2005)

Conventional methods of lung function testing provide measurements obtained during specific respiratory actions of the subject. In contrast, the forced oscillation technique (FOT) determines breathing mechanics by superimposing small external pressure signals on the spontaneous breathing of the subject. FOT is indicated as a diagnostic method
to obtain reliable differentiated tidal breathing analysis. Because FOT is performed without closure of a valve connected to the mouthpiece, and without maximal or forced respiratory manoeuvres, it is unlikely that FOT itself will alter airways smooth muscle tone.
FOT utilises the external applied pressure signals and their resultant flows to determine lung mechanical parameters. These pressure–flow relationships are largely distinct from the natural pattern of individual respiratory flows, so that measured FOT results are, for the most part, independent of the underlying respiratory pattern. Therefore, oscillometry minimises demands on the patient and requires only passive cooperation of the subject: maintenance of an airtight seal of the lips around a mouthpiece and breathing normally
through the measuring system with a nose-clip occluding the nares. Potential
applications of oscillometry include paediatric, adult and geriatric populations, comprising diagnostic clinical testing, monitoring of therapeutic regimens, and epidemiological evaluations, independent of severity of lung disease. Oscillometry is also applicable to veterinary medicine.
The last two main sections Relevance of oscillometry in clinical practice and
Oscillometry in the clinical pulmonary laboratory emphasise clinical aspects of
application and interpretation of FOT rather than methodological details and
technological solutions, which are discussed in the two sections that follow immediately below. Clinical application of FOT does not require mastery of the mathematical infrastructure of the technical methodology, and readers interested in the clinical use of
FOT may find it more useful to begin with these clinical sections and refer subsequently to methodological and technological details.
Relationships Between State and Trait Anxiety Inventory and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test Scores Among Korean Twins and Families: The Healthy Twin Study (2011)

We explored heritabilities of the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and associations including genetic and environmental correlations between the phenotypes among Korean twins and their families. We analyzed the data of 1,748 participants (835 men, 913 women, 656 individuals of monozygotic twins, 173 individuals of same-sexed dizygotic twins, 919 non-twin family members, age 30-79 years) from the Healthy Twin study. Heritabilities and bivariate analyses were assessed using the SOLAR package software. In the methods of generalized estimation equations, women in the 4th quartile of state and trait scores were 17% and 15%, respectively more likely to be hazardous alcohol users compared to women in the lower three quartiles (P < .05). However, there were no significant associations between these phenotypes in men. After adjusting for age and squared age, the heritability estimates were 0.26 in men and 0.34 in women for the state score; for the trait score, 0.35 in men and 0.31 in women; for the AUDIT score, 0.32 in men and 0.37 in women (P < .001). After adjusting for age and squared age, there was a significant genetic correlation between the trait score and the AUDIT score, and a significant non-genetic correlation between the state score and the AUDIT score in women, while there were no significant genetic or non-genetic correlations between these phenotypes in men. The STAI and AUDIT scores are heritable in Koreans and the relationships between these phenotypes may be inconsistent by sex.
Elizabeth S. Johnson (1977)

"Elizabeth S. Johnson." Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Western College Reading Association, 10(1), p. iv
Cinnamtannin B1 activity on adipocytes formation. (2004)

In attempt to discover a small active compound that could promote adipogenesis, we investigated the ability of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) extracts to stimulate 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, In this study, we designed an experiment by replacing insulin with cinnamon extracts. The differentiated of 3T3-L1 adipocytes were monitored using oil red O staining method. Induction of adipocyte formation by cinnamtannin B1 or water extract gave the similar effects to insulin activity in adipogenesis.
Interaction of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases with the Kinase Interaction Motif of the Tyrosine Phosphatase PTP-SL Provides Substrate Specificity and Retains ERK2 in the Cytoplasm (1999)

ERK1 and ERK2 associate with the tyrosine phosphatase PTP-SL through a kinase interaction motif (KIM) located in the juxtamembrane region of PTP-SL. A glutathione S-transferase (GST)-PTP-SL fusion protein containing the KIM associated with ERK1 and ERK2 as well as with p38/HOG, but not with the related JNK1 kinase or with protein kinase A or C. Accordingly, ERK2 showed in vitro substrate specificity to phosphorylate GST-PTP-SL in comparison with GST-c-Jun. Furthermore, tyrosine dephosphorylation of ERK2 by the PTP-SLDeltaKIM mutant was impaired. The in vitro association of ERK1/2 with GST-PTP-SL was highly stable; however, low concentrations of nucleotides partially dissociated the ERK1/2.PTP-SL complex. Partial deletions of the KIM abrogated the association of PTP-SL with ERK1/2, indicating that KIM integrity is required for interaction. Amino acid substitution analysis revealed that Arg and Leu residues within the KIM are essential for the interaction and suggested a regulatory role for Ser(231). Finally, coexpression of PTP-SL and ERK2 in COS-7 cells resulted in the retention of ERK2 in the cytoplasm in a KIM-dependent manner. Our results demonstrate that the noncatalytic region of PTP-SL associates with mitogen-activated protein kinases with high affinity and specificity, providing a mechanism for substrate specificity, and suggest a role for PTP-SL in the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase translocation to the nucleus upon activation.