gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antigenic identity of biologically active antigens in coccidioidin and spherulin (1987)

We recently reported the isolation of three clinically relevant antigens from coccidioidin; viz., the antigen that is reactive in the immunodiffusion (ID) assay for detecting tube precipitin (TP) antibody (designated IDTP); the antigen that is reactive in the ID assay for detecting complement-fixing antibody (designated IDCF); and the heat-stable (HS) antigen which, when demonstrated in soluble extracts of fungal cultures by using the IDHS assay, establishes the mycologic identification of Coccidioides immitis. This investigation was undertaken to determine whether the IDTP, IDCF, and IDHS antigens isolated from coccidioidin are of antigenic identity with components in spherulin. By employing the purified coccidioidin antigens in line-immunoelectrophoresis with spherulin and by assaying coccidioidin and spherulin by tandem two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis against antisera produced to the purified antigens, we report that these three coccidioidin-derived antigens are antigenically identical to precipitinogens in spherulin.
A Self-sufficient Cytochrome P450 with a Primary Structural Organization That Includes a Flavin Domain and a [2Fe-2S] Redox Center (2003)

p450 RhF from Rhodococcus sp. NCIMB 9784 is the first example of a new class of cytochrome p450 in which electrons are supplied by a novel, FMN- and Fe/S-containing, reductase partner in a fused arrangement. We have previously cloned the gene encoding the enzyme and shown it to comprise an N-terminal p450 domain fused to a reductase domain that displays similarity to the phthalate family of oxygenase reductase proteins. A reductase of this type had never previously been reported to interact with a cytochrome p450. In this report we describe the purification and partial characterization of p450 RhF. We show that the enzyme is self-sufficient in catalyzing the O-dealkylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin. The p450 RhF catalyzed O-dealkylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin is inhibited by several compounds that are known inhibitors of cytochrome p450. Presteady state kinetic analysis indicates that p450 RhF shows a 500-fold preference for NAPDH over NADH in terms of Kd value (6.6 microm versus 3.7 mm, respectively). Potentiometric studies show reduction potentials of -243 mV for the two-electron reduction of the FMN and -423 mV for the heme (in the absence of substrate).
Superconducting, microstructural, and grain boundary properties of hot-pressed PbMo6S8 (1992)

An alternative procedure is outlined for the synthesis of high quality, fine grained PbMo6S8. As the grain size plays an important role on the densification process, which in turn has an influence on the magnitude of Jc, an attempt has been made to produce dense samples from such powders by ‘‘Hot Pressing.’’ The effect of the hot-pressing temperature on the superconducting, crystallographic, microstructural, and grain boundary characteristics of the ternary compound was evaluated. Scanning electron micrographs and ac-susceptibility measurements indicate that hot pressing (1000–1200 °C) improves the grain connection as a consequence of better densification. However, at higher temperatures (1250–1400 °C) it also precipitates MoS2 as an additional phase. Calorimetric data indicate a continuous broadening, as a function of hot-pressing temperature, of the specific heat jump at Tc. Preliminary investigation on the Tc distribution of the samples shows a progressive degradation, as indicated by a smearing in Tc down at least to 8 K. The deterioration was examined using Auger electron spectroscopy and the results suggest possible compositional variations rather than oxygen defects in the phase. The origin of such behavior is examined on the basis of nonstoichiometry or chemical heterogeneity at the grain surface. In addition, grain boundary contaminants and their role on the superconducting properties are considered. Finally, the often encountered problem of transport Jc limitation in these materials is discussed in terms of interconnectivity of the grains, phases, the presence of secondary phases, impurities, inhomogeneities, and the grain boundary phases.
The optical properties of LiNbO<sub>3</sub> (1975)

Abstract The optical constants of LiNbO 3 from 0.3 to 14.5 eV are presented from a Kramers‐ Kronig analysis of the near normal incidence reflectivity spectrum. Comparison with the cubic perovskites suggests that the electronic transitions from 3.5 to 12 eV are between the O 2 ‐2p valence band and Nb 4+ d‐like conduction band states. Higher transitions are most likely into Li + 2s states. Sum rules are applied to calculate the effective number of electrons involved; this number is found to be consistent with the above assignment. Also, the combined density of states function is found to be very similar to that calculated for the analog compound KTaO 3 .
Immunocompetent Cells of the Chicken. III Cooperation of Carrier Sensitized T Cells from Agammaglobulinemic Donors with Hapten Immune B Cells (1973)

Summary Excellent adoptive anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) antibody responses were obtained from cooperation between bovine serum albumin (BSA) sensitized spleen cells from agamma-globulinemic bursectomized chickens and TNP-Keyhole limpet hemocyanin immune spleen cells from normal chickens upon challenge with TNP-BSA in recipients. A contribution of anti-carrier antibody of bursal cell origin in this anti-hapten response could be ruled out since synergy was obtained in the absence of a detectable humoral response to BSA.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Bioactivities of Novel 5,6‐Bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2H‐pyridazin‐3‐one Derivatives: Inhibitors of Interleukin‐1 Beta (IL‐1β) Production. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Interaction between <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Berliner and the parasites and predators of <i>Spodoptera littoralis</i> in Egypt (1983)

Abstract Further investigations have been made to explore the interaction between the pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis and the parasites and predators associated with the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis. The biology of the parasite Zele chlorophthalma showed to be affected when its host larvae ( S. littoralis ) were fed on a diet containing B. thuringiensis var. entomocidus. A significant reduction in the percentage of parasitism, parasite emergence and reproductive potential was observed as a result of treatment of host larvae with the pathogen. Also, a retardation in development occurred. In the predator Paederus alferii , however, no effects were observed after feeding the adults on S. littoralis larvae treated with the pathogen. It seems that the parasites of cotton pests are more affected than the predators when they were allowed to feed on hosts larvae contaminated with B. thuringiensis . Zusammenfassung Beziehungen zwischen Bacillus thuringiensis Berl. und den Parasiten und Prädatoren von Spodoptera littoralis in Ägypten Es wurden weitere Untersuchungen durchgeführt, um die Beziehungen zwischen dem Pathogen B. thuringiensis einerseits sowie den Parasiten und Prädatoren der Baumwolleule andererseits aufzuklären. Die Biologie des Parasiten Zele chlorophthalma wurde beeinflußt, wenn seine Wirtsraupen ( S. littoralis ) von einer Bacillus ‐haltigen Nahrung fraßen. Eine signifikante Verminderung der Parasitierungsquote sowie des Schlüpfens und der Reproduktion des Parasiten wurde als Ergebnis einer Bacillus ‐Kontaminierung der Wirtsraupen beobachtet. Auch eine Verkürzung der Entwicklung wurde festgestellt. Bei dem Prädator Paederus alferii waren jedoch keine Veränderungen sichtbar, wenn dieser Bacillus ‐haltige Raupen fraß. Es scheint somit, daß die Parasiten durch eine Bacillus ‐Infektion von an Baumwolle schädlichen Raupen stärker betroffen werden als die Prädatoren.
Carrier relaxation dynamics and ultrafast optical nonlinearities in semiconductor quantum dots (2000)

We use a variety of femtosecond nonlinear optical techniques to study carrier relaxation and mechanisms for resonant optical nonlinearities in semiconductor quantum dots. Combining femtosecond inter- and intra-band probes we are able to separate electron and hole relaxation paths and to resolve single exponential dynamics of different multiparticle states.
Hierarchical Self-Assembled Structures from POSS-Containing Block Copolymers Synthesized by Living Anionic Polymerization (2009)

Two kinds of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-containing block copolymers (BCPs), namely PS-b-PMAPOSS and PMMA-b-PMAPOSS, were synthesized by living anionic polymerization. A wide range of molecular weights were obtained with a very narrow polydispersity index of less than 1.09. The bulk samples prepared by slow evaporation from a polymer solution in chloroform exhibit well-defined microphase-separated structures with long-range order. Thermal annealing induced hierarchical structures consisting of a smaller length scale ordered crystalline POSS domains within the larger microphase-separated structures. We report detailed structural characterization of these hierarchical structures in bulk and thin films by transmission electron microscopy and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS). On the basis of this structural analysis, we propose a model for the formation of an orthorhombic lattice structure through the aggregation of POSS segments which formed a helix-like structure.
Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging for non‐invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis <scp>B</scp> (2012)

Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging is a novel ultrasound-based elastography method that is integrated in a conventional ultrasound machine. It might provide an alternative method to transient elastography for the noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis. While previous studies have shown comparable diagnostic accuracy of ARFI to transient elastography in chronic hepatitis C, the aim of the present prospective multicenter study was to evaluate ARFI for the assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. ARFI imaging involves the mechanical excitation of tissue using short-duration acoustic pulses to generate localized displacements in tissue. The displacements result in shear-wave propagation which is tracked using ultrasonic, correlation-based methods and recorded in m/s. In the present international prospective study, patients infected with chronic hepatitis B received ARFI imaging, blood tests and if available transient elastography. The results were compared to liver biopsy as reference method analysed by a central pathologist. In 92 of 114 patients, a comparison of ARFI with transient elastography was possible. ARFI imaging and transient elastography correlated significantly with histological fibrosis stage. The diagnostic accuracy expressed as areas under ROC curves for ARFI imaging and transient elastography was 0.75 and 0.83 for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis (F ≥ 2), 0.93 and 0.94 for the diagnosis of severe fibrosis (F ≥ 3), and 0.97 and 0.93 for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, respectively. No significant difference was found between ARFI and transient elastography. ARFI imaging is a reliable ultrasound-based method for the assessment of advanced stages of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B.
Project GeoTV - A Three-Screen Service: Navigate on SmartPhone, Browse on PC, Watch on HDTV (2009)

GeoTV is a project that explores seamless integration of mobile phones, HDTV sets, and computers in the living room to enrich the user experience of existing services. The three- screen service allows a user to navigate a world map on a smart phone to track geo-located media RSS content that matches her personal interests. The user can show a matching video clip on her phone or direct a nearby HDTV set to play the video. In addition, the user can bring up a world map on a nearby computer screen to navigate areas of interest related to the video clip. GeoTV allows all three screens to be used for what they are best for: HDTV for high resolution video, computer screen for browsing a world map, and a smart phone for personalized control at hand to select media of interest.
Evidence of Bilayer Structure in V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Xerogel (2000)

Polarized X-ray absorption spectroscopy has been used to study the short-range structure of deposited films of V2O5 xerogel. The material is characterized by a layer of VO5 units with the V-O apical bond perpendicular to the basal (xy) plane. We have focused our attention along the z axis. Experiments were carried out by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy in a grazing incidence geometry and showed evidence for close interactions between neighboring layers of V2O5. The structure is described by two sheets of V2O5 facing each other. Fitting of the EXAFS data has confirmed the existence of a vanadium-vanadium interaction between two different V2O5 layers and an oxygen bridge between them.
Hybrid Poly(urethane–urea)/Silica Nanocapsules with pH-Sensitive Gateways (2015)

We have produced hybrid poly(urethane–urea)/silica nanocapsules with controlled molecular-scale regimes of silica that break upon introduction into basic media. The miniemulsion technique used is simple and scalable but yields complex molecular-scale morphologies that create molecular gates for the release of hydrophilic components. The hybrid nanocapsules displayed no microphase separation, indicating the formation of microscopically mixed regions of silica and poly(urethane–urea). Using atomic force microscopic techniques, we characterize the mechanical properties of individual capsules and identify the tailorability of the capsule modulus by changing the ratio of isocyanate to silica in the precursor mixture. The compositions of the hybrids were confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The change in size of a nanocapsule with pH and time was monitored by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to evaluate their potential as nanocontainers and show a pH-responsive release.
The genetic basis of music ability (2014)

Music is an integral part of the cultural heritage of all known human societies, with the capacity for music perception and production present in most people. Researchers generally agree that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the broader realization of music ability, with the degree of music aptitude varying, not only from individual to individual, but across various components of music ability within the same individual. While environmental factors influencing music development and expertise have been well investigated in the psychological and music literature, the interrogation of possible genetic influences has not progressed at the same rate. Recent advances in genetic research offer fertile ground for exploring the genetic basis of music ability. This paper begins with a brief overview of behavioral and molecular genetic approaches commonly used in human genetic analyses, and then critically reviews the key findings of genetic investigations of the components of music ability. Some promising and converging findings have emerged, with several loci on chromosome 4 implicated in singing and music perception, and certain loci on chromosome 8q implicated in absolute pitch and music perception. The gene AVPR1A on chromosome 12q has also been implicated in music perception, music memory, and music listening, whereas SLC6A4 on chromosome 17q has been associated with music memory and choir participation. Replication of these results in alternate populations and with larger samples is warranted to confirm the findings. Through increased research efforts, a clearer picture of the genetic mechanisms underpinning music ability will hopefully emerge.
Time varying elastance and cardiac muscle energetics based on calcium kinetics and crossbridges cycling (2002)

The study relates to the control of the mechanical activity of the cardiac muscle by coupling calcium kinetics with crossbridge cycling. Two main feedback mechanisms affect the performance of the contractile filaments: 1) cooperativity, in which the affinity of troponin for calcium is a function of the number of cycling crossbridges, and 2) mechanical feedback where the velocity of filament sliding affects crossbridge turnover rate from the strong to the weak conformation. This intracellular control mechanism describes the performances of the skinned and intact cardiac muscle at various loading conditions, i.e. the force-length and the force-velocity relationships and the control of relaxation. The model can also describe the effect of various loading conditions on the work and ATP consumption. Using this approach, a mechanism for the time varying elastance of the left ventricle is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dynamics of Genome Architecture in <i>Rhizobium</i> sp. Strain NGR234 (2002)

Bacterial genomes are usually partitioned in several replicons, which are dynamic structures prone to mutation and genomic rearrangements, thus contributing to genome evolution. Nevertheless, much remains to be learned about the origins and dynamics of the formation of bacterial alternative genomic states and their possible biological consequences. To address these issues, we have studied the dynamics of the genome architecture in Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234 and analyzed its biological significance. NGR234 genome consists of three replicons: the symbiotic plasmid pNGR234a (536,165 bp), the megaplasmid pNGR234b (>2,000 kb), and the chromosome (>3,700 kb). Here we report that genome analyses of cell siblings showed the occurrence of large-scale DNA rearrangements consisting of cointegrations and excisions between the three replicons. As a result, four new genomic architectures have emerged. Three consisted of the cointegrates between two replicons: chromosome-pNGR234a, chromosome-pNGR234b, and pNGR234a-pNGR234b. The other consisted of a cointegrate of the three replicons (chromosome-pNGR234a-pNGR234b). Cointegration and excision of pNGR234a with either the chromosome or pNGR234b were studied and found to proceed via a Campbell-type mechanism, mediated by insertion sequence elements. We provide evidence showing that changes in the genome architecture did not alter the growth and symbiotic proficiency of Rhizobium derivatives.
OS17F097 Polymer Surface Modification by Using Microwave Plasma Irradiation (2011)

We studied the modification process of polystyrene (PS) samples by using plasma irradiation to achieve long lived hydrophilic surface. The PS samples were treated using by electron cyclotron resonance plasma. The plasma irradiation process that we developed is consisted of two steps treatment. The first step is the pretreatment by only argon plasma irradiation, and the second step is the treatment by argon/oxygen plasma irradiation. The hydrophilicity on the PS surface was evaluated by water contact angle and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The water contact angle of the PS samples decreased after plasma irradiation, and this result of the contact angle is indicating the obvious hydrophilic transformation of the treated PS surfaces. Furthermore, this two steps process including pretreatment is effective to inhibit the contact angle increasing with time and keep the hydrophilicity of the PS surface for long time. The pretreatment of argon plasma irradiation is considered to improve the reaction efficiency of oxygen radical at the PS surface because the Ar ion had the physical effect and increased the reactive site or surface area of the PS surface. The XPS analysis shows that the oxygen containing groups are existing on the PS surface after treated by plasma, and these groups were responsible for the change of hydrophilicity. The peak area assigned O-C=O bond of the XPS spectra of the plasma treated PS surface was decreasing with time. The O-C=O group is presumed to be the most important factor for the hydrophilicity of PS surface.
A Coupling of Benzamides and Donor/Acceptor Diazo Compounds To Form γ-Lactams via Rh(III)-Catalyzed C–H Activation (2013)

The coupling of O-pivaloyl benzhydroxamic acids with donor/acceptor diazo compounds provides isoindolones in high yield. The reaction tolerates a broad range of benzhydroxamic acids and diazo compounds, including substituted 2,2,2-trifluorodiazoethanes. Mechanistic experiments suggested that C-H activation is turnover-limiting and irreversible and that insertion of the diazo compound favors electron-deficient substrates.
A New Cationic Polymerizable Surfactant Bearing a Vinylamide Moiety (2001)

A convenient synthesis of cationic-polymerizable surfactants (surfmers) bearing the vinylamide moiety has been developed, which provides versatile and variable access to new surfmers with hydrophilic, hydrolytically stable polymerizable groups. Copolymerization with vinylpyrrolidone produces poly-soaps with the so-called mid-tail geometry.
Brefeldin A rapidly disrupts plasma membrane polarity by blocking polar sorting in common endosomes of MDCK cells (2001)

Recent studies showing thorough intermixing of apical and basolateral endosomes have demonstrated that endocytic sorting is critical to maintaining the plasma membrane polarity of epithelial cells. Our studies of living, polarized cells show that disrupting endocytosis with brefeldin-A rapidly destroys the polarity of transferrin receptors in MDCK cells while having no effect on tight junctions. Brefeldin-A treatment induces tubulation of endosomes, but the sequential compartments and transport steps of the transcytotic pathway remain intact. Transferrin is sorted from LDL, but is then missorted from common endosomes to the apical recycling endosome, as identified by its nearly neutral pH, and association with GFP chimeras of Rabs 11a and 25. From the apical recycling endosome, transferrin is then directed to the apical plasma membrane. These data are consistent with a model in which polarized sorting of basolateral membrane proteins occurs via a brefeldin-A-sensitive process of segregation into basolateral recycling vesicles. Although disruption of polar sorting correlates with dissociation of gamma-adaptin from endosomes, gamma-adaptin does not appear to be specifically involved in sorting into recycling vesicles, as we find it associated with the transcytotic pathway, and particularly to the post-sorting transcytotic apical recycling endosome.
A case of adult‐onset type II citrullinemia with comorbid epilepsy even after liver transplantation (2010)

The current study using single case voxel-based morphometry (VBM) of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ¹H-MR-spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) explores the neural background of unexplained seizure attacks and electroencephalography (EEG) abnormalities persisting even after liver transplantation in a patient with adult-onset type II citrullinemia (CTLN2). Although the MRI had shown no gross abnormality, the VBM revealed significantly smaller-than-normal regional volume in the left hippocampus of the patient as compared with 111 age-matched controls. ¹H-MRS further indicated reduction of all metabolite concentrations in the left hippocampus compared with those in the right homolog region, with the single exception of elevated glutamate concentration. These results are similar to those of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), although CTLN2-complicated mesial TLE has rarely been reported. In contrast to TLE, periictal asterixis and interictal slow activities on EEG support another possibility that the patient might have slight metabolic encephalopathy even after the liver transplantation.