gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
La conception des navires rapides a passagers: Un defi technologique du debut du 21eme siecle (2002)

The development of passenger transportation on inland waterways and seagoing vessels requires the design of fast ships. The purpose of the communication is to review the specific requirements and constraints of the high-speed passenger vessels like the Corsaire fast ferries (Alstom Leroux Naval), including the technological challenge that represents their design. Emphasis is given on new numerical tools for early design and structure analysis (optimization scantling). The technical challenges are varied and concern, functionality's (speed, comfort and seakeeping, capacity, etc.), advanced design (multi-hull, light material as aluminum), ship's structure with regards to limit states and design criteria (fatigue, vibration, noise, propulsion), economic (design needs expensive advanced R and D, yards must have high production efficiency and low production costs), aesthetic, and obviously port infrastructures to ease and speed the passengers transfer but also the ships' berthing. The need for fast ships (ferries, multi-hulls) having exceptional dimensions (length, capacity, speed), use of new material, advanced hull forms, etc. point out lacks in standard design codes proposed by the major classification societies (BV, Lloyd, DnV, ABS). Designers cannot use these rules. They need to perform direct and rational analysis of the ship structure using, for instance, finite element analysis (FEA) including 3D coarse mesh model of the entire structure and fine mesh models for the components where stress concentration is expected. Nevertheless, in the earliest design stage these powerful tools are not effective and there is still a lack of tools for preliminary design (hull form, propulsion, scantling), weight estimation, assessment of the production cost, etc. At that stage, the available time is too short to use advanced software. It is necessary to use specific tools adjusted to the real needs. AVPRO and LBR-5 are two examples of such new preliminary design tools. AVPRO is a preliminary design software dedicated to the naval architect. It is used to define the hull form (Fig. 4), mid-ship section (Fig. 7), stability (Fig. 5) and propulsion assessment and a general ship arrangement (Fig. 6). LBR-5 helps designers and builders lowering building costs and performs structural optimization at the earliest design stage. It is used to perform the hull girder scantling within a reduced time, including optimization. It provides the optimum thickness of the plates, stiffeners, frames, etc. The objective function of the optimization process can be the minimum construction cost or the least weight.
Brain Activation in Young and Older Adults During Implicit and Explicit Retrieval (1997)

Positron emission tomography was used to study regional cerebral blood flow (H2(15)O method) in groups of young and older adults during implicit and explicit retrieval, following a procedure devised by Squire et al. (1992). At study, subjects were exposed to four lists of words. Following list presentation, subjects were presented with three-letter word stems under four conditions: (1) silent viewing, (2) completion of word stems that could not form words from the study list, with the instruction to provide the first word that came to mind (baseline), (3) completion of word stems, half of which could form words from the study list, with the instruction to provide the first word that came to mind (priming), and (4) completion of word stems, half of which could form words from the study list, with the instruction to use the stems as cues for recall of list words (memory). The behavioral data indicated an agerelated deficit in cued recall that was reduced in priming. Both age groups showed a similar decrease of blood flow in right posterior cortex during priming relative to baseline. During cued recall, bilateral increases of blood flow were observed in prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate gyrus for both age groups. The young adults showed selective increases of activity in left cerebellum and Wernicke's area, whereas the older adults showed a selective bilateral activation in the perirhinal region of the medial-temporal cortex during cued recall. The results suggest a simiiar biological basis of priming in both age groups: a decrease in the neural activity required to process a particular stimulus during a subsequent encounter compared with a previous one. In addition, the importance of prefrontal regions for conscious retrieval was substantiated and extended to late adulthood. Finally, the agedifferential activations observed during cued recall were discussed relative to prominent concepts in the current literature on cognitive aging (e.g., speed of processing, self-initiated operations, cross-modal recoding).
Peritoneal disease in breast cancer: A specific entity with an extremely poor prognosis (2009)

e12023 Background: We are observing increasing numbers of patients with advanced breast cancer and peritoneal metastases. There are few published data regarding the prognosis, clinical characteristics, and management of such individuals. Methods: The electronic imaging database at Charing Cross Hospital was searched for the terms ’breast,’ ’cancer or tumor,’ ’peritoneal,’ and ’ascites’ from 2000–2008. Those with confirmed peritoneal disease from breast cancer, as described on ultrasound or staging CT reports with a clinico-pathologic confirmed diagnosis, were included in the study. Results: A total of 1,628 scans were screened and initially 168 patients were identified. A subsequent total of 44 individuals (2.7% of the metastatic cohort) were included in this study, as having breast cancer with peritoneal secondaries. Of these, the majority (77%) had invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC). While the median survival from the diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer measured 20.5 months (range 0.1 -125 months), the median survival of patients with peritoneal disease was 1.56 months (range 0.2 - 27 months). Conclusions: Our data shows that the median survival of patients with peritoneal breast cancer metastasis is surprisingly poor, with only a minority surviving more than six months. A specific association with invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) was not observed. The dismal outcome of these individuals despite further active therapy merits their inclusion into trials of new treatments. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Isotropic photonic band gap and anisotropic structures in transmission spectra of two-dimensional fivefold and eightfold symmetric quasiperiodic photonic crystals (2002)

We measured and calculated the transmission spectra of two-dimensional quasiperiodic photonic crystals (PCs) based on a fivefold (Penrose) or eightfold (octagonal) symmetric quasiperiodic pattern. The photonic crystal consisted of dielectric cylindrical rods in air placed normal to the basal plane on vertices of tiles composing the quasiperiodic pattern. An isotropic photonic band gap (PBG) appeared in the TM mode, where electric fields were parallel to the rods, even when the real part of a dielectric constant of the rod was as small as 2.4. An isotropic PBG-like dip was seen in tiny Penrose and octagonal PCs with only six and nine rods, respectively. These results indicate that local multiple light scattering within the tiny PC plays an important role in the PBG formation. Besides the isotropic PBG, we found dips depending on the incident angle of the light. In this study, anisotropic structures were clearly observed in transmission spectra of quasiperiodic PCs. Based on rod-number and rod-arrangement dependence, it is thought that the shapes and positions of the anisotropic dips are determined by global multiple light scattering covering the whole system. In contrast to the isotropic PBG due to local light scattering, we could not find any PBGs due to global light scattering even though we studied transmission spectra of a huge Penrose PC with 466 rods.
Tableting Properties and Compression Models of<i>Labisia pumila</i>Tablets (2016)

The tableting properties of Labisia pumila herbal powder, which is well known for its therapeutic benefits was investigated. The herbal powder was compressed into tablets using a stainless steel cylindrical uniaxial die of 13-mm- diameter with compaction pressures ranging from 7 to 25 MPa. Two feed weights, 0.5 and 1.0 g were used to form tablets. Some empirical models were used to describe the compressibility behavior of Labisia pumila tablets. The strength and density of tablets increased with increase in compaction pressure and resulted in reduction in porosity of the tablets. Smaller feeds, higher forces and increase in compaction pressure, contributed to more coherent tablets. These findings can be used to enhance the approach and understanding of tableting properties of Labisia pumila herbal powder tablets.
Micro sequential injection: automated insulin derivatization and separation using a lab-on-valve capillary electrophoresis system (2003)

Automated sampling and fluorogenic derivatization of islet proteins (insulin, proinsulin, c-peptide) are separated and analyzed by a novel lab-on-valve capillary electrophoresis (LOV-CE) system. This fully integrated device is based on a micro sequential injection instrument that uses a lab-on-valve manifold to integrate capillary electrophoresis. The lab-on-valve manifold is used to perform all microfluidic tasks such as sampling, fluorogenic labeling, and CE capillary rejuvenation providing a very reliable system for reproducible CE separations. Fluorescence detection was coupled to an epiluminescence fluorescence microscope using a customized capillary positioning plate. This customized plate incorporated two fused-silica fiber optic probes that allow for simultaneous absorbance and fluorescence detection, extending the utility of this device. Derivatization conditions with respect to the sequence of addition, timing, injection position, and volumes were optimized through iterative series of experiments that are executed automatically by software control. Reproducibility in fluorogenic labeling was tested with repetitive injections of 3.45 mM insulin, yielding 1.3% RSD for peak area, 0.5% RSD for electromigration time, and 2.8% RSD for peak height. Fluorescence detection demonstrated a linear dynamic range of 3.43 to 6.87 microM for insulin (r2 = 0.99999), 0.39 to 1.96 pM for proinsulin (r2 = 0.99195) and 260 to 781 nM for c-peptide (r2 = 0.99983). By including hydrodynamic flushing immediately after the detection of the last analyte, the sampling frequency for islet protein analysis was increased. Finally, an in vitro insulin assay using rat pancreatic islet excretions was tested using this lab-on-valve capillary electrophoresis system.
MicroRNA profiling reveals opposing expression patterns for miR-511 in alternatively and classically activated macrophages (2014)

Our data establish miR-511 as a bona fide M2-associated miRNA. These data may have significant implications in asthma where the expression of IL-4 and IL-13 are highly increased.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF DELTA‐ALKOXY‐ALPHA,BETA‐UNSATURATED ALDEHYDES BY REACTION OF ACETALS WITH 1‐TRIMETHYLSILOXY‐1,3‐BUTADIENE (1975)

Abstract In Gegenwart von TiCl 4 setzen sich die ungesättigten Acetale (Ia) mit l‐Trimethylsiloxy‐1 ,3‐bu tadien (II) zu den α,β‐ungesättigten Aldehyden (III) um.
Estrogen modulates cutaneous wound healing by downregulating macrophage migration inhibitory factor (2003)

Characteristic of both chronic wounds and acute wounds that fail to heal are excessive leukocytosis and reduced matrix deposition. Estrogen is a major regulator of wound repair that can reverse age-related impaired wound healing in human and animal models, characterized by a dampened inflammatory response and increased matrix deposited at the wound site. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a candidate proinflammatory cytokine involved in the hormonal regulation of inflammation. We demonstrate that MIF is upregulated in a distinct spatial and temporal pattern during wound healing and its expression is markedly elevated in wounds of estrogen-deficient mice as compared with intact animals. Wound-healing studies in mice rendered null for the MIF gene have demonstrated that in the absence of MIF, the excessive inflammation and delayed-healing phenotype associated with reduced estrogen is reversed. Moreover, in vitro assays have shown a striking estrogen-mediated decrease in MIF production by activated murine macrophages, a process involving the estrogen receptor. We suggest that estrogen inhibits the local inflammatory response by downregulating MIF, suggesting a specific target for future therapeutic intervention in impaired wound-healing states.
Performance analysis of robust Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 for fault-tolerant mobile services (2004)

this paper, we investigate the comparative study of RH-MIPv6 and HMIPv6 under several performance factors such as MAP unavailability, MAP reliability, packet loss rate, and MAP blocking probability. To do this, we utilize a semi-Markov chain and a M/G/C/C queuing model. Numerical results indicate that RH-MIPv6 outperforms HMIPv6 for all performance factors, especially when failure rate is high
Immunotherapy of Cancer: Regression of Established Intradermal Tumors After Intralesional Injection of Mycobacterial Cell Walls Attached to Oil Droplets (1974)

Intralesional injection of Mycobacterium bovis (strain BCG) cell walls attached to mineral oil droplets caused regression of established tumors and prevented the growth of lymph node metastases in 55% of treated animals. The minimal effective dose of mycobacterial cell walls was 30 µg when injected in admixture with 1.4 µl of mineral oil and 0.8 µl Tween. Cells walls from M. bovis, M. tuberculosis, and M. kansasii possessed tumor-suppressive properties. Cell walls from M. smegmatis, Nocardia asteroides, and Corynebacterium parvum lacked these properties. Treatment of BCG cell walls with proteolytic enzymes, organic solvents, acid, or alkali decreased tumor-suppressive properties.
2-(3-Oxo-1,3-diphenylpropyl)malonic Acids as Potent Allosteric Ligands of the PIF Pocket of Phosphoinositide-Dependent Kinase-1: Development and Prodrug Concept (2012)

The protein kinase C-related kinase 2 (PRK2)-interacting fragment (PIF) pocket of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) was proposed as a novel target site for allosteric modulators. In the present work, we describe the design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship of a series of 2-(3-oxo-1,3-diphenylpropyl)malonic acids as potent allosteric activators binding to the PIF pocket. Some congeners displayed AC(50) values for PDK1 activation in the submicromolar range. The potency of the best compounds to stabilize PDK1 in a thermal stability shift assay was in the same order of magnitude as that of the PIF pocket binding peptide PIFtide, suggesting comparable binding affinities to the PIF pocket. The crystal structure of PDK1 in complex with compound 4h revealed that additional ionic interactions are mainly responsible for the increased potency compared to the monocarboxylate analogues. Notably, several compounds displayed high selectivity for PDK1. Employing a prodrug strategy, we were able to corroborate the novel mechanism of action in cells.
Rhodium N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Carboxylato Complexes: Synthesis, Structure Determination, and Catalytic Activity in the Hydroformylation of Alkenes. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
<title>Comparison of the relative merits for target recognition by ultrawideband radar based on emitted impulse or step-frequency wave</title> (2000)

The feasibility of ultra-wideband (UWB) radar systems for extracting signature information useful for target recognition purposes has been demonstrated previously. An UWB radar system emits either an extremely short pulse, impulse, or a frequency modulated signal (e.g., sweep or step-frequency). The frequency content of the emitted signals is designed to match the size and kind of typical targets and environments. We study the performance of two different radar systems, each intended for use as a ground penetrating radar (GPR). These systems are an impulse radar and a stepped-frequency continuous-wave radar. The frequency content of the emitted pulses is about 300 - 3,000 MHz with both systems. The same antenna system consisting of two crossed dipoles (transmitting and receiving) is used with both radar systems and it is directed upward in an outdoor setup. The targets are metal spheres of two sizes and each of them is placed above the antenna system on a thick foam plate made of polystyrene, which is virtually transparent for microwaves. Backscattered echoes from each target are analyzed in the frequency domain using traditional Fourier transforms and in the joint time- frequency domain using Wigner distributions (WD). The measured and digitally processed waveforms are then compared with theoretical predictions and the relative merits of the two UWB radar systems are evaluated. The results of our investigation serve to assess the best choice of GPR system for extracting discriminating target signature information.
Velocity, Saturation and Fluid Distribution Measured by a 4D-CT Laboratory Method (2003)

C-12 VELOCITY SATURATION AND FLUID DISTRIBUTION MEASURED BY A 4D-CT LABORATORY METHOD Summary 1 A recently developed laboratory method allows for simultaneous imaging of fluid distribution and measurement of acoustic wave velocities during flooding experiments. Using a specially designed acoustic sample holder that combines high pressure capacity with good transparency for X-rays it is possible to investigate velocity-fluid saturation relations at reservoir stress levels. High-resolution 3-D images are constructed from thin slices of cross-sectional CT-scans covering the entire rock core volume showing the distribution of fluid at different saturation levels. The system is briefly described and examples are presented from
Author response: The E3 ligase Ubr3 regulates Usher syndrome and MYH9 disorder proteins in the auditory organs of Drosophila and mammals (2016)

Over half of the world’s population has hearing loss by the age of 65, and inherited forms of deafness are responsible for many of the hearing impairments in newborn children. Because the auditory organs that enable insects and mammals to hear work in similar ways, we have learnt a lot about genetic forms of deafness from identifying faulty genes in humans and mice, and studying their effects in model organisms. Sensory cells in the inner ear respond to sound by detecting vibrations in the air and converting them into electrical impulses. A family of motor proteins called myosins play key roles in this conversion process. Mutations in the gene that produces one of these proteins, called myosin VIIa, cause an inherited deaf-blind disorder called Usher syndrome. Mutations in the gene for another type of myosin protein, called myosin II, also cause disorders associated with hearing loss, but it is not clear how they produce such effects. Li et al. have used Drosophila fruit flies to explore the role of myosin proteins in hearing by looking for genes that prevent the insect's auditory organ from developing or working properly. The search identified one gene called E3 ubiquitin ligase (ubr3), which is required for the auditory organ to develop normally and had not previously been implicated in deafness. Mutating the ubr3 gene caused a defect similar to that seen for mutations in the gene that produces the fruit fly equivalent of myosin VIIa. Through genetic and biochemical studies, Li et al. found that in the fruit flies, myosin VIIa interacts with myosin II. This interaction is regulated by a chemical modification of myosin II that is controlled by ubr3. Li et al. showed that the equivalent mammalian proteins display the same behaviour in the cells of mammals. Therefore, mutations that affect myosin II alter how the protein interacts with myosin VIIa, which explains why myosin II is associated with deafness in humans. In addition, Li et al. found that three other proteins that have been shown to cause Usher syndrome in humans have equivalents in flies and play a role in fly hearing. This will allow the Drosophila auditory organ to be further developed as a model system for future studies of deafness genes, and should provide insights into how specific genes are required for proper hearing in mammals.
Energetics of the surface circulation of the Japan/East Sea (2000)

During the period of August 1987 to June 1998, 96 Argos‐tracked drifters traversed through the Japan/East Sea. The displacement data from these drifters were used to compute 1–3 day average current vectors, which described the circulation at 15 m depth. The drifters that passed through the Korea Strait via the western channel were caught by the East Korean Warm Current, and the drifters that passed through the eastern channel were caught by the Tsushima Current. Individual observations of the 3 day average current over 40 cm s −1 were made in the warm waters south of the subpolar front and along the coasts. There was a distinct decrease of eddy energy northward across the subpolar front. Conversion rates of eddy kinetic energy due to eddy mean flow interaction showed significant regions of both dissipation and production.
Efflux of Putative Transmitters from Superfused Rat Brain Slices Induced by Low Chloride Ion Concentrations (1987)

Slices of rat cerebral cortex, preloaded with [14C]gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and either [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) or [3H]noradrenaline, were superfused with media in which varying concentrations of Cl- had been replaced with other monovalent anions. Rapid reduction of [Cl-], by superfusion with media containing instead the impermeant anions propionate, isethionate, gluconate, or methyl sulphate, caused increases in the efflux of tritiated biogenic amines, but the increase in that of [14C]-GABA was not significant. The increased efflux of [3H]5-HT evoked by superfusion with low Cl- levels when propionate was the replacement anion, was transient and was linearly related to the log[Cl-]-1. It was not affected by removal of Ca2+ or by addition of 10 mM Mg2+ and was delayed but not abolished by tetrodotoxin. The low Cl(-)-evoked efflux of [3H]5-HT was not affected by pretreatment with neuronal reuptake blockers but was inhibited by picrotoxin, strychnine, and 4-acetamido-4-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2-disulphonic acid and was enhanced by glycine. Muscimol and GABA were without effect. These observations are taken to indicate that the efflux of biogenic amines is brought about by terminal depolarisation due to outward movement of Cl- in low chloride-containing media. They are of relevance to other physiological and pharmacological studies in which anion concentrations are manipulated and suggest that the anion-evoked release phenomenon may provide a model for the analysis of Cl(-)-dependent mechanisms in nerve terminals.