gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determining optimal decision model for support vector machine by genetic algorithm (2004)

The problem of determining optimal decision model is a difficult combinatorial task in the fields of pattern classification and machine learning. In this paper, we propose a new method to find the optimal decision model for SVM, which consists of the minimal set of highly discriminative features and the set of parameters for the kernel. To cope with this problem, we adopted genetic algorithm (GA) which provides efficient optimization tool simulating the natural evolution procedures in iterative fashion to select the optimal set of features and set of kernel parameters. In the method, the decision models generated by GA are evaluated by SVM, and GA selects the only good models and gives the selected models the chance to survive and improve by crossover and mutation operation. Combining GA and SVM, we can obtain the optimal decision model which reduces the execution time as well as improves the classification rate of SVM. We also demonstrated the feasibility of our proposed method by several experiments on the sets of clinical data such as KDD Cup 1999 intrusion detection pattern samples and stomach cancer proteome pattern samples.
Estrogen deprivation and vaginal function in postmenopausal women (1982)

A physiological study of the effects of menopause on vaginal function involving 14 postmenopausal women aged 51 to 70 years is reported. Initial evaluations in the estrogen-deprived state were hormonal and cytological studies, vaginal pH, quantity of vaginal fluid, transvaginal electropotential difference, and vaginal blood flow. A significant fall in vaginal pH and increases in transvaginal potential difference, the quantity of vaginal fluid, and vaginal blood flow were observed after estrogen replacement therapy. The results before and after treatment are compared with norms established for women younger than 40 years. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:445-448)
Effects of feeding bile acids and a bile acid sequestrant on hepatic bile acid composition in mice (2010)

An improved ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) method was established for the simultaneous analysis of various bile acids (BA) and applied to investigate liver BA content in C57BL/6 mice fed 1% cholic acid (CA), 0.3% deoxycholic acid (DCA), 0.3% chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), 0.3% lithocholic acid (LCA), 3% ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), or 2% cholestyramine (resin). Results indicate that mice have a remarkable ability to maintain liver BA concentrations. The BA profiles in mouse livers were similar between CA and DCA feedings, as well as between CDCA and LCA feedings. The mRNA expression of Cytochrome P450 7a1 (Cyp7a1) was suppressed by all BA feedings, whereas Cyp7b1 was suppressed only by CA and UDCA feedings. Gender differences in liver BA composition were observed after feeding CA, DCA, CDCA, and LCA, but they were not prominent after feeding UDCA. Sulfation of CA and CDCA was found at the 7-OH position, and it was increased by feeding CA or CDCA more in male than female mice. In contrast, sulfation of LCA and taurolithocholic acid (TLCA) was female-predominant, and it was increased by feeding UDCA and LCA. In summary, the present systematic study on BA metabolism in mice will aid in interpreting BA-mediated gene regulation and hepatotoxicity.
Robust adaptive regulation without persistent excitation (1989)

This paper presents a globally convergent adaptive regulator for minimum or nonminimum phase systems subject to bounded disturbances. The control strategy is designed for a particular input-output representation obtained from the state space representation of the system. The leading coefficient of the new representation is the product of the observability and controllability matrices of the system. The controller scheme uses a Least Squares identification algorithm with dead zone. The dead zone is chosen to obtain convergence properties on the estimates and on the "covariance matrix" as well. This allows the definition of modified estimates which secure well-conditioned matrices in the adaptive control law. Explicit bounds on the plant output are given.
Chronic bile duct cannulation in laboratory rats. (1991)

To our knowledge this is the first report of rat bile duct cannulations in which the distal cannula is hemisected but extends to the sphincter of Oddi. It is minimally invasive and requires only about 45 minutes preparation time. In contrast to studies described in the literature, enterohepatic recirculation remains intact but bile can always be separated from pancreatic secretions at investigator discretion in the model. In addition, biliary flow and pressure can be measured without compromise. Acute biliary secretory pressure, under anesthesia, was 17 cm water. Bile flow, averaging 9.6 microliters/min/100 g was measured in unanesthetized rats surviving for 2 weeks (60% of animals monitored). Gross necropsy findings indicated that animals dying in less than 7 days usually suffered bile peritonitis subsequent to catheter rupture of the bile duct or loss from the ligature restraint. Deaths after 2 weeks were usually related to cholestasis due to blockage of the catheter with mineral debris and/or duct tissue. A detailed literature review of bile duct cannulation in rats has been made.
Doing It with Mirrors: A Case Study of a Novel Approach to Neurorehabilitation (2000)

Arm amputees can experience the perception of movement of a phantom limb while looking at a mirror reflection of the moving, intact arm superimposed on the perceived phantom. Such use of a mirror to provide illusory visual feedback of movement can be useful in rehabilitation of hemiparetic patients. In this case report, we describe the successful application of "mirror therapy" to the post-stroke rehabilitation of a patient with poor functional use of an upper extremity, due mainly to somatosensory deficits. Mirror therapy facilitated employment of a motor copy strategy (bimanual movements) and later progression to "forced use" of the affected arm. The end result was increased functional use of the affected upper limb.
Estimating time-varying parameters by the Kalman filter based algorithm: stability and convergence (1990)

Convergence and stability properties of the Kalman filter-based parameter estimator are established for linear stochastic time-varying regression models. The main features are: both the variances and sample path averages of the parameter tracking error are shown to be bounded; the regression vector includes both stochastic and deterministic signals, and no assumptions of stationarity or independence are requires; and the unknown parameters are only assumed to have bounded variations in an average sense.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MAMMALIAN CHROMOSOMES IN VITRO (1952)

Journal Article MAMMALIAN CHROMOSOMES IN VITRO: I. The Karyotype of Man Get access T. C. HSU T. C. HSU Tissue Culture Laboratory, University of Texas, Medical BranchGalveston Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 43, Issue 4, July 1952, Pages 167–172, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a106296 Published: 01 July 1952 Article history Received: 10 March 1952 Published: 01 July 1952
Coherent Neutrino Scattering and Stellar Collapse (1974)

Freedman has shown that coherency and the neutral current theory of neutrinos imply a scattering cross section for neutrinos off heavy nuclei proportional to the square of the atomic weight. The collapse of an iron-core star produces a hot neutron star surrounded by a thin iron layer. Because of the large scattering rate in the outer layer, neutrinos from the hot neutron core are able to accelerate the iron layer to above escape velocity.
The effect of different cellulosic growth substrates and pH on the production of cellulolytic enzymes by <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> (1986)

The effect of different cellulosic growth substrates on the production of cellulolytic enzymes by Trichoderma reesei was investigated. It was observed that growth on Avicel, Solka Floc and wheat straw produced different pH/time profiles in cultures. Over a range of controlled pH it was demonstrated that the production of cellulolytic and xylanolytic activity by T. reesei is dependent on culture pH and the type of growth substrate. The effect of pH on enzyme production varies with the nature of the growth substrate. Furthermore, it was shown that the optimum culture pH and growth substrate for the production of enzyme preparations for the extensive saccharification of cellulosic materials depends on the type of material to be saccharified.
Data Reduction Techniques for Simulation, Visualization and Data Analysis (2018)

Abstract Data reduction is increasingly being applied to scientific data for numerical simulations, scientific visualizations and data analyses. It is most often used to lower I/O and storage costs, and sometimes to lower in‐memory data size as well. With this paper, we consider five categories of data reduction techniques based on their information loss: (1) truly lossless, (2) near lossless, (3) lossy, (4) mesh reduction and (5) derived representations. We then survey available techniques in each of these categories, summarize their properties from a practical point of view and discuss relative merits within a category. We believe, in total, this work will enable simulation scientists and visualization/data analysis scientists to decide which data reduction techniques will be most helpful for their needs.
Precipitation behaviour of nickel in silicon (1989)

Abstract The precipitation behaviour of nickel in silicon after rapid cooling (at about 103 Ks−1) from high temperatures (850-850°C) has been studied using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that (1) coherent platelets on Si{111} planes are formed, which consist of two {111} layers of NiSi2 and (2) the precipitate-matrix interface is built up by Si-Si bonds. It is proposed that these precipitates, in which all nickel atoms have a deficient coordination, are formed as a compromise to maximize the energy degradation rate. It is estimated that a major fraction of the total content is contained in these precipitates. Further annealing of samples quenched from 1050°C leads to a considerable increase in the particle thickness, leaving the diameter of the platelets almost unaffected. This behaviour is attributed to the reduction in interfacial energy. It is found that the precipitate orientation depends on the annealing temperature, that is, we obtain (1) the same orientation as the silicon matrix at 900°C, (2) a twin orientation with respect to the silicon matrix at 800°C and (3) both types of orientation at 500-500°C.
[Anti-inflammatory properties of some immunodepressants]. (1976)

As evidenced from experiments conducted on rats immunodepressants-antimetabolites 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate and 5-fluoruracil exert an antiexudative action and inhibit inflammation in its proliferative phase, as well as significantly change the count of leucocytes and their formula in the peripheral blood. It was established that the anti-exudate properties of these compounds may not be related to their immunodepressive action, while inhibition of proliferation is occasioned by their specific cytostatic effect.
Multiple Molecular Species of <i>Escherichia coli</i> DNA Polymerase (1971)

DNA polymerase activity from Escherichia coli can be demonstrated in various sized molecules ranging in molecular weight from about 10,000 to 120,000 or higher. The characterization of the smaller species is difficult because of their pronounced tendency toward aggregation; the smallest apparently aggregates most readily. The results indicate the following molecular weight classes: 10,000-20,000; 40,000-50,000; 75,000-85,000, and 100,000-120,000. The same classes were obtained with several methods of analysis of material that had been purified in a number of ways, one of which is a new DNA-acrylamide gel chromatographic procedure. The lowest molecular weight species shows no exonucleolytic activity. A proteolytic inhibitor, phenylmethyl sulfonylfluoride, did not eliminate the small active molecules, although proteolysis of high molecular weight DNA polymerase (109,000) has been shown by others to produce fragments of about 75,000 molecular weight. Either there is a naturally occurring polymerase protein of about 20,000 molecular weight, capable of aggregation with itself and with certain other molecules (e.g., exonucleases), or there are certain bonds in a large, native polymerase molecule that are especially susceptible to proteolysis without destroying activity.
Effect of dietary echium oil on growth, fatty acid composition and metabolism, gill prostaglandin production and macrophage activity in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) (2006)

Echium oil (EO) is a vegetable oil in which percentages of stearidonic acid (STA, 18:4n-3) often exceed those of its n-6 series equivalent γ-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n-6). Stearidonic acid is elongated to 20:4n-3 in fish cell cultures, suggesting that EO could be included in diets for marine fish to increase tissue 20:4n-3 and 20:3n-6 and, thereby, modulate eicosanoid metabolism. Thus, the present study aimed to test the hypotheses that dietary EO would increase tissue 20:4n-3 and 20:3n-6 and modulate immune function and eicosanoid production in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) fed a diet where fish oil (FO) was replaced by EO. Duplicate groups of juvenile cod (initial weight ca. 4 g) were fed for 18 weeks on fish meal-based diets (55% protein and 16% lipid) that differed in oil source (FO or EO). There were no significant differences in growth and feed efficiency, hepato-somatic index, percentages of liver and flesh lipids and lipid class compositions for cod fed FO and EO. Percentages of 18:4n-3, 18:3n-6 and 20:3n-6 in the total lipids of flesh and liver were higher, and percentages of 20:5n-3 and 20:4n-6 were both lower in fish fed EO than in those given FO. In flesh, the increased 18:3n-6 and 18:4n-3 were primarily located in phosphatidylcholine and, to a lesser extent, phosphatidylethanolamine, whereas 20:3n-6 concentration was highest in phosphatidylinositol. Desaturation of 18:3n-3 (to tetraene products) and 20:5n-3 to 22:6n-3 in hepatocytes was very low but was increased by dietary EO. Echium oil significantly decreased the production of prostaglandin F from gill cells stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187, and reduced head kidney macrophage activity, but had no effect on serum lysozyme activity or basic haematology. In conclusion, dietary EO may have beneficial effects on some immune parameters including eicosanoid metabolism in marine fish although this may be primarily because of decreased 20:4n-6 rather than increasing tissue levels of 20:3n-6 or 20:4n-3.
LiNbO<sub>3</sub>Thin-Film Modulators Using Silicon Nitride Surface Ridge Waveguides (2015)

Lithium niobate (LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) is an excellent electrooptic material due to its low loss, large electrooptic coefficient, linear modulation response, and large modulation bandwidth. In this letter, we present the first LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> thin-film Mach-Zehnder optical modulator that employs silicon nitride surface ridge optical waveguides. The modulator contains a 1.2-cm-long push-pull phase modulation section and a pair of multimode interferometric 3-dB couplers. It demonstrated V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">π</sub> · L of ~3 V · cm and a 3-dB bandwidth of ~8 GHz.
Politische Bewältigung von Umweltproblemen (1989)

Die nun zu diskutierenden Konzeptionen zur Bewältigung von Umweltproblemen sind mit Blick auf die zugrundeliegende Komplexität von Umweltproblemen zugespitzt formulierte theoretische Konstrukte, an denen der Einfluß der Art des betrachteten Umweltproblems auf die abzugebenden umweltpolitische Empfehlungen deutlich wird.
Electrochemical reaction engineering (1991)

Introduction to fundamentals ideal isothermal reactors - single-electrochemical reactions kinetics of electrochemical reactions - mechanism determination and multistep processes multiple electrochemical reactions with interphase mass transport dynamics and real flow in electrolytic reactors simultaneous mass transfer and chemical reaction the influence of migration and current and potential distribution on reactor design energy balance, heat transfer and optimization.
Geometric and Compaction Dependence of Printed Polymer-Based RFID Tag Antenna Performance (2008)

Radio frequency identification (RFID) tags with printed antennas are lower in cost but have lower performance than those with metal antennas. Printed antennas can replace metal ones if the performance is increased without raising cost. The performance of printed antennas can be increased if the series resistance in the antennas is lowered. The resistance is dependent on the line thickness and the resistivity of the conductive ink. Printed antennas with different line thicknesses were fabricated to investigate the effect of compaction and thickness on the resistance. The resistance of the printed antenna coils decreased by more than 40% after compaction, while the inductance and the parasitic capacitance were unchanged. RFIDs with compacted printed antennas were found to have significantly increased read range. RFIDs with thick printed antennas were fabricated and tested. These RFIDs were shown to have read ranges comparable to the RFIDs with copper wire antennas. Moreover, a geometry-independent plateau for the read range was found. The presence of a plateau is valuable for thick-line printed antenna since the plateau will enable the usage of low precision printing techniques to lower tag fabrication cost.
Evaluation of PCR based DNA sequencing targeting mitochondrial larger subunit (mtLSU) region for the rapid detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii in sputum from HIV positive patients (2012)

Materials and methods A total of 104 sputum specimens from HIV positive and clinically suspected PJP patients attending Government Hospital of Thoracic Medicine during Dec 2009-Mar 2011 were included in the study. Direct staining of sputum specimens using KOH Calcoflour and Grocott methanamine silver staining (GMS) and nested PCR targeting mitochondrial larger subunit region (mtLSU) was optimized. The optimized PCR was applied on all clinical specimens and amplified products were subjected to DNA sequencing and the sequencing results were analyzed using BLAST analysis software to deduce the sequence homology.
Cardanol in germ and seed oils extracted from cashew nuts obtained by the oltremare process (1979)

Abstract The presence of cardanol in cashew seed and germ oils was detected by using a combination of the thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas liquid chroma‐tography (GLC) techniques with infrared spectro‐scopy (IR) and mass spectrometry (MS). The oils were extracted from cashew nuts obtained by the Oltremare process (heating the nuts in cashew nut shell liquid bath at 180 C for 100–120 sec). The cardanol content was about 40 mg/100 ml of germ oil and 20 mg/100 ml of seed oil. The four cardanol components were found in the following percentages: 3‐(pentadecyl)‐phenol (II), 3.0%; 3‐(8‐pentadecenyl)‐phenol (III), 55.7%;3‐(8,11‐pentadecadienyl)‐phenol (IV), 24.2%; and 3‐(8,l l,14‐pentadecatrienyl)‐phenol (V), 17.1%, respectively. Because a constant distribu‐tion of the four cardanol components was found both in the seed and in the germ oils, it was suggested that cardanol is not a natural component of germ and seed oils, but is derived from the cashew nut‐shell liquid during the processing of the nuts.
Evaluating the Distribution of Cellulases and the Recycling of Free Cellulases during the Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Substrates (2007)

The recycling of cellulase enzymes is one potential strategy for reducing the cost of the enzymatic hydrolysis step during the bioconversion of lignocellulosics to ethanol. To determine the influence of lignin on the post-hydrolysis distribution of cellulase enzymes between the liquid and solid phases, the hydrolysis of Avicel was compared to an organosolv-pretreated Douglas fir substrate with a lignin content of 3.0%. After a 12 h hydrolysis reaction on Avicel, 90% of the added cellulases (including beta-glucosidases) remained "free" in the liquid phase compared to only 65% in the case of the hydrolysis of the organosolv-pretreated Douglas fir substrate. The readsorption of free cellulases by supplementing the hydrolysis reaction with fresh substrate was explored as a potential means of recovering the free cellulases that remain in the liquid phase after hydrolysis. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was used to develop a model predicting that 82% of the free cellulases could be recovered via readsorption onto fresh substrates during the hydrolysis of an ethanol-pretreated mixed softwood substrate with a lignin content of 6%. Recoverable free cellulase values of 85% and 88% based on cellulase activity and protein content, respectively, were obtained after experimental verification of the model. The readsorption of free cellulases onto fresh lignocellulosic substrates was shown to be an effective method for free enzyme recovery.
Designing with JavaScript : ウェブデザイナーのためのJavaScriptハンドブック (1998)

１章 ＪａｖａＳｃｒｉｐｔの世界へ飛び込もう ２章 ウインドウを使ってみよう ３章 フレームをコントロールする ４章 フォームと関数 ５章 配列で整列 ６章 ブラウザの種類は意外と少ない ７章 ダイナミックイメージ ８章 クッキーを使ってサイトをカスタマイズする ９章 ダイナミックＨＴＭＬ １０章 レイヤーについて １１章 Ｔｈｅ Ｓｈｏｗ：ダイナミックＨＴＭＬのアプリケーション １２章 高度なアプリケーション
The Synthetic Strategy toward of ACE-Inhibitors (2001)

Angiotensin II is an important octapeptide which is responsible for the increase in blood pressure in three major mechanisms. It acts as a hormone to attack the receptor on the blood vessels, which cause strong vasoconstriction. It is also the major stimulus for release another hormone, aldolsterone, which promote the excretion of potassium ion and retention of sodium and waster. Both of the above effects increase the blood pressure. On the other hand, ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) catalyzes the hydrolysis of bradykinin that is a potent vasodilator. Therefore, the inhibitor of ACE can act as an efficient anti-hypertensive agent through multiple routes.
Electronic Brake Force Distribution Control - A Sophisticated Addition to ABS (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The job of the EBD as a sub-system of the ABS system is to control the effective adhesion utilization by the rear wheels. The pressure of the rear wheels is approximated to the ideal brake force distribution in a partial braking operation. To do so, the conventional brake design is modified in the direction of rear axle overbraking, and the components of the ABS are used.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <ul class="list disc"> <li class="list-item"> <div class="htmlview paragraph">EBD reduces the strain on the hydraulic brake force proportioning valve in the vehicle</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <div class="htmlview paragraph">EBD optimizes the brake design with regard to:</div> <ul class="list disc"> <li class="list-item"> <div class="htmlview paragraph">adhesion utilization</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <div class="htmlview paragraph">driving stability</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <div class="htmlview paragraph">wear</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <div class="htmlview paragraph">temperature stress</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <div class="htmlview paragraph">pedal force</div> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div>
Crafting Authentic Voice (1996)

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