gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel codeword grouped SCMA (2015)

In the future 5G, the fast-growing requirements of massive connectivity, higher data-rate transmissions and multiple services should be matched with new multiple access technology. Non-orthogonal multiple access, nowadays, is considered as an effective method to solve those problems. Some non-orthogonal multiple access technologies, e.g. low density signature (LDS) and sparse code multiple access (SCMA), are proposed nowadays for substantial connectivity together with spectrum efficiency promotion. Instead of spreading data symbols over orthogonal or near orthogonal code sequences in CDMA, those non-orthogonal multiple access technologies take advantage of non-orthogonal code sequences. The LDS repeatedly spreads quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbol according to the low density sequence, while the SCMA assigns different predefined codebooks to multiple layers. However, the SCMA codebooks made from multi-dimensional constellations are designed under the condition of same modulation order for each layer. The design scheme of SCMA codebook is regardless of the orthogonality among some certain layers. A novel codeword grouped SCMA (CG-SCMA) proposed in this paper allows diverse modulations and enhances the applicability of the non-orthogonal multiple access technology. Instead of mapping incoming bits to multi-dimensional codewords from predefined codebooks in SCMA, the procedure of symbols to complex codewords is divided into two steps: grouped indicator sequence spread and grouped symbol sequence rotation. The grouped symbol sequence rotation decreases the interference among layers and increases the signal space diversity, which is regarded as the main source of performance promotion. Simulation results are presented to show the significant performance gain of CG-SCMA comparing with SCMA and LDS.
Chewing sticks: timeless natural toothbrushes for oral cleansing (2001)

It is generally accepted that oral hygiene maintenance through regular removal of dental plaque and food deposits is an essential factor in the prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease. Methods for oral hygiene vary from country to country and from culture to culture. Despite the widespread use of toothbrushes and toothpastes, natural methods of tooth cleaning using chewing sticks selected and prepared from the twigs, stems or roots from a variety of plant species have been practised for thousands of years in Asia, Africa, the Middle East and the Americas. Selected clinical studies have shown that chewing sticks, when properly used, can be as efficient as toothbrushes in removing dental plaque due to the combined effect of mechanical cleaning and enhanced salivation. It has also been suggested that antimicrobial substances that naturally protect plants against various invading microorganisms or other parasites may leach out into the oral cavity, and that these compounds may benefit the users by protection against cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria. Some clinical epidemiological studies are in support of this, and many laboratory investigations have suggested the presence of heterogeneous antimicrobial components extractable using different chemical procedures. A few recent studies have identified some of the active antimicrobial compounds. Today, chewing sticks are still used in many developing countries because of religion and or tradition, and because of their availability, low cost and simplicity. The World Health Organization also encourages their use. The Year 2000 Consensus Report on Oral Hygiene states that chewing sticks may have a role to play in the promotion of oral hygiene, and that evaluation of their effectiveness warrants further research.
Derivation and Validation of a Clinical Diagnostic Model for Chlamydia1 Cervical Infection in University Women (1991)

JOHNSON, BETTY A.; POSES, ROY M.; FORTNER, CAROLYN A.; MEIER, FREDERICK A.; DALTON, HARRY P. Author Information
Intranasally administered protein coated chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating influenza H9N2 HA2 and M2e mRNA molecules elicit protective immunity against avian influenza viruses in chickens (2020)

Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) represent an efficient vaccination tool to deliver immunogenic antigens to the antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which subsequently stimulate protective immune responses against infectious diseases. Herein, we prepared CNPs encapsulating mRNA molecules followed by surface coating with conserved H9N2 HA2 and M2e influenza proteins. We demonstrated that CNPs efficiently delivered mRNA molecules into APCs and had effectively penetrated the mucosal barrier to reach to the immune initiation sites. To investigate the potential of CNPs delivering influenza antigens to stimulate protective immunity, we intranasally vaccinated chickens with empty CNPs, CNPs delivering HA2 and M2e in both mRNA and protein formats (CNPs + RNA + Pr) or CNPs delivering antigens in protein format only (CNPs + Pr). Our results demonstrated that chickens vaccinated with CNPs + RNA + Pr elicited significantly (p < 0.05) higher systemic IgG, mucosal IgA antibody responses and cellular immune responses compared to the CNPs + Pr vaccinated group. Consequently, upon challenge with either H7N9 or H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs), efficient protection, in the context of viral load and lung pathology, was observed in chickens vaccinated with CNPs + RNA + Pr than CNPs + Pr vaccinated group. In conclusion, we show that HA2 and M2e antigens elicited a broad spectrum of protection against AIVs and incorporation of mRNAs in vaccine formulation is an effective strategy to induce superior immune responses.
Fault tolerant integrated inertial navigation/global positioning systems for next generation spacecraft (2002)

The authors address the requirements, benefits, and mitigation of risks to adapt a commercial Hexad fault-tolerant inertial navigation/global positioning system (FT IN/GPS) for use in next-generation spacecraft. Next-generation requirements are examined to determine whether a high production base system can meet autonomous, reliable, and low-cost requirements for future spacecraft. The major benefits are the combining and replacement of functions, the reduction of unscheduled maintenance and operations costs, and a higher probability of mission success. The design, development, and production risks are mitigated by the long-term commercial production schedule for the Boeing 777 air data inertial reference unit (ADIRU) which begins in the mid-1990s. The conclusion is that a strapdown ring laser gyro (RLG) Hexad FT IN/GPS is the preferred integrated navigation and control system for next-generation vehicles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Relationship between blood serum insulin-like growth factor I concentration and postweaning feed efficiency of crossbred cattle at three levels of dietary intake. (1998)

Blood serum concentration of IGF-I was analyzed to determine its relationship with individual postweaning feed efficiency (gain/feed) of 36 crossbred steer calves fed at three levels of feed intake (n = 12 at each level). Diets consisted of a corn silage-based growing diet for 84 d followed by a 91% concentrate finishing diet for 56 d. Dietary intake levels were at 80, 90, or 100% of ad libitum. Diets were formulated to ensure equal daily intake of protein, vitamins, and minerals across intake treatment levels. Intake was measured daily; ADG, DMI, and feed efficiency were calculated at 28-d intervals, through d 140. Individual weights and serum samples were collected at the beginning of the study and at 28-d intervals thereafter. The IGF-I concentrations were determined with a RIA. Data were analyzed as a multivariate split-plot in time. Imposed dietary intake restrictions did not affect serum IGF-I concentration (P = .90) or individual feed efficiency (P = .36), even though the least squares means for IGF-I concentration tended to decrease and the feed efficiency means tended to increase under the restricted intake levels. Serum IGF-I concentration, ADG, and feed efficiency were affected (P < .001) by collection date. Residual correlations between IGF-I concentrations at adjacent 28-d sampling times averaged .72. Diet intake level x sampling time interactions existed for ADG (P = .02) and feed efficiency (P < .001). Positive residual correlations of .28 (P < .001) and .16 (P = .07) existed between IGF-I and ADG and between IGF-I and feed efficiency, respectively. Regression analysis indicated that a 1 ng/mL increase in serum IGF-I concentration was associated with a .00135 kg/d increase in ADG (P < .001) and a .0001 kg gain/kg feed increase in feed efficiency (P = .04). These results support the hypothesis that serum IGF-I plays a role in growth and in efficiency of feed utilization in beef cattle.
Induction linear accelerators (1992)

Among the family of particle accelerators, the Induction Linear Accelerator is the best suited for the acceleration of high current electron beams. Because the electromagnetic radiation used to accelerate the electron beam is not stored in the cavities but is supplied by transmission lines during the beam pulse it is possible to utilize very low Q (typically<10) structures and very large beam pipes. This combination increases the beam breakup limited maximum currents to of order kiloamperes. The micropulse lengths of these machines are measured in 10’s of nanoseconds and duty factors as high as 10−4 have been achieved. Until recently the major problem with these machines has been associated with the pulse power drive. Beam currents of kiloamperes and accelerating potentials of megavolts require peak power drives of gigawatts since no energy is stored in the structure.The marriage of liner accelerator technology and nonlinear magnetic compressors has produced some unique capabilities. It now appears possible to produce electron beams with average currents measured in amperes, peak currents in kiloamperes and gradients exceeding 1 MeV/meter, with power efficiencies approaching 50%. The nonlinear magnetic compression technology has replaced the spark gap drivers used on earlier accelerators with state‐of‐the‐art all‐solid‐state SCR commutated compression chains. The reliability of these machines is now approaching 1010 shot MTBF.In the following paper we will briefly review the historical development of induction linear accelerators and then discuss the design considerations.
Perspectives: the future of computing: after the PC (1998)

article Free Access Share on Perspectives: the future of computing: after the PC Author: Economist Staff View Profile Authors Info & Claims netWorkerVolume 2Issue 5Dec. 1998 pp 11–14https://doi.org/10.1145/289165.289168Online:01 November 1998Publication History 2citation1,192DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads1,192Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
The General and Structural Effect of "Four Agricultural Subsidies" on Grain Yield：Empirical Analysis of Chongqing City (2012)

On the basis of empirical data concerning "four agricultural subsidies" in Chongqing City, we establish panel data model to analyze the general effect of "four agricultural subsidies" on grain yield, and the structural effect of "four agricultural subsidies" on grain yield. Based on the F-test and Hausman test, we estimate the model using GLS or FGLS method. The results show that "four agricultural subsidies" have significant positive effect on grain yield; the structural effect of "four agricultural subsidies" on grain yield is different (comprehensive subsidies for means of agricultural production has the strongest effect on grain yield, followed by subsidies for promotion of improved variety of seed; the effect of subsidies for purchase of agricultural machinery on grain yield is not significant). Therefore, governments at all levels should continue to strengthen the support efforts in "four agricultural subsidies", and continually optimize the structure to increase grain yield.
[Dynamics of complement hemolytic activity in experimental Ebola infection]. (2004)

The dynamic hemolytic activity of complements (HAC) was investigated in blood of guinea pigs in lethal and non-lethal Ebola infection. The increasing HAC dynamic activity in the animal blood was found to correlate with the infection lethal course. HAC as observed in animals with lethal infection was sweepingly increasing after they, were infected with Ebola virus, and yet after 15 hours from the infection time the complement activity parameters topped 2-fold the basic values in 100% of guinea pigs. They began to be dropping by the end of day 1, their decrease reached, when the incubation time was over (days 3-4 after infection) the basic value, after which they continued to go down to the zero value in 2-3 days before the lethal outcome. The described phenomenon, like the phenomenon of accelerated death, was even more pronounced, when the animals were infected after a single immunization by activated Ebola virus. In case, guinea pigs were infected by a non-lethal Ebola virus strain, the compliment synthesis was observed to be activated only at the end of the incubation period; the process was accompanied with a gradual raise and with a plateau-type or wave-type increase of the complement during the treatment time--it was equally accompanied with normalizing activity parameters during recovery. The detected specificity could be important in prognosticating a disease outcome. A reliable correlation was demonstrated between the complement hemolytic activity and the level of circulating immune complexes in blood of experimental animals, which can be traced both in lethal and non-lethal infection.
Shear banding and rheochaos in associative polymer networks (2008)

We present experimental evidence of an instability in the shear flow of transient networks formed by telechelic associative polymers. Velocimetry experiments show the formation of shear bands, following a complex pattern upon increasing the overall shear rate. The chaotic nature of the stress response in transient flow is indicative of spatiotemporal fluctuations of the banded structure. This is supported by time-resolved velocimetry measurements.
Textual Cohesion in Hindi (1987)

The purpose of this paper is to summarize some preliminary research on textual cohesion in Hindi. The study of linguistic cohesion attempts to isolate linguistic devices used to ‘link’ sentences in a discourse. The present study was undertaken to find out exactly what cohesion devices are used in Hindi and how the linking texture of Hindi discourses differs from that of English. Although both Hindi and English use some of the same cohesion devices, there are both quantitative and qualitative differences in their textures. This paper focuses on Hindi-particular cohesion devices and on devices differentially exploited to Hindi and English. An example of a Hindi particular cohesion device is ‘Adjective Promotion’. The differential exploitation of the device of co-referential NP provides an example of the second type of difference between the two languages. Hindi uses it far more frequently than English. Our results also provide evidence for the hypothesis that parallel sublanguages of Hindi and English are more alike in their cohesive texture than are different sub-languages of either of these two languages. ‘Stylistic contact’ in the domain of more technical sublanguage may provide an explanation for this. Our study shows not only what some of the Hindi-particular cohesion devies are but also how a large number of shared cohesion devices are differentially exploited by different languages and what sorts of trade-offs are made amongst the major types of cohesion devices (semantic, syntactic, morphological, and lexical).
Bioavailability: Is this a key event in regulating the actions of peptide growth factors? (1992)

The regulation of cell growth and function that occurs during development, in differentiated cell homeostasis and in wound healing, is determined by two distinct classes of trophic factors: classical endocrine hormones and paracrine or autocrine growth factors. Regulation of hormone activity is achieved by tight control of their synthesis, and especially release, by cells in discrete glands, linked to the limited expression of high-affinity receptors by defined, distant target cells. In contrast, growth factors and their receptors are often constitutively expressed and the former are exported to the extracellular milieu by most normal tissues. How then are target cells protected from constitutive activation by locally produced growth factors? This may be achieved by another tier of target cell-specific regulatory signals. Once exteriorized, many growth factors are stored in significant quantities in pericellular depots adjacent to their target cells, often complexed with other binding molecules either in the tissue fluid or
Sheep: a model for testing spinal and epidural anesthetic agents. (1975)

The sheep was utilized as a model to study local anesthetic agents used for subarachnoid and epidural anesthesia in human beings. Employing injection and evaluation technics similar to those used in human anesthesiology, the onset of anesthesia, development of maximum sensory anesthesia, regression of sensory anesthesia, and complete return of sensation and motor function were measured. Subarachnoid injection with 0.25% tetracaine and epidural injection with 0.25% bupivacaine produced regional anesthesia similar to that observed in humans.
Alternate RNA splicing of murine nfkb1 generates a nuclear isoform of the p50 precursor NF-kappa B1 that can function as a transactivator of NF-kappa B-regulated transcription. (1994)

The NF-kappa B1 subunit of the transcription factor NF-kappa B is derived by proteolytic cleavage from the N terminus of a 105-kDa precursor protein. The C terminus of p105NF-kappa B1, like those of I kappa B proteins, contains ankyrin-related repeats that inhibit DNA binding and nuclear localization of the precursor and confer I kappa B-like properties upon p105NF-kappa B1. Here we report the characterization of two novel NF-kappa B1 precursor isoforms, p84NF-kappa B1 and p98NF-kappa B1, that arise by alternate splicing within the C-terminal coding region of murine nfkb1. p98NF-kappa B1, which lacks the 111 C-terminal amino acids (aa) of p105NF-kappa B1, has a novel 35-aa C terminus encoded by an alternate reading frame of the gene. p84NF-kappa B1 lacks the C-terminal 190 aa of p105NF-kappa B1, including part of ankyrin repeat 7. RNA and protein analyses indicated that the expression of p84NF-kappa B1 and p98NF-kappa B1 is restricted to certain tissues and that the phorbol myristate acetate-mediated induction of p84NF-kappa B1 and p105NF-kappa B1 differs in a cell-type-specific manner. Both p84NF-kappa B1 and p98NF-kappa B1 are found in the nuclei of transfected cells. Transient transfection analysis revealed that p98NF-kappa B1, but not p105NF-kappa B1 or p84NF-kappa B1, acts as a transactivator of NF-kappa B-regulated gene expression and that this is dependent on sequences in the Rel homology domain required for DNA binding and on the novel 35 C-terminal aa of this isoform. In contrast to previous findings, which indicated that p105NF-kappa B1 does not bind DNA, all of the NF-kappa B1 precursors were found to specifically bind with low affinity to a highly restricted set of NF-kappa B sites in vitro, thereby raising the possibility that certain of the NF-kappa B1 precursor isoforms may directly modulate gene expression.
Compact precomputed voxelized shadows (2014)

Producing high-quality shadows in large environments is an important and challenging problem for real-time applications such as games. We propose a novel data structure for precomputed shadows, which enables high-quality filtered shadows to be reconstructed for any point in the scene. We convert a high-resolution shadow map to a sparse voxel octree, where each node encodes light visibility for the corresponding voxel, and compress this tree by merging common subtrees. The resulting data structure can be many orders of magnitude smaller than the corresponding shadow map. We also show that it can be efficiently evaluated in real time with large filter kernels.
Lamellar Compounds of Graphite with Nitrogen Pentoxide as Possible Reactor Hazards (1965)

Two different reactions have been found to occur simultaneously when graphite is exposed to air which has been ozonized by a high-voltage silent discharge. One is the formation of a lamellar compound with nitrogen pentoxide which is always present in ozonized air. The second reaction is a rapid volatilization because of oxidation, which has also been traced to nitrogen pentoxide rather than to the much less reactive ozone.The lamellar compound has been characterized as an acceptor-type compound in which every two molecules of pentoxide constitute one electron acceptor. Equilibrium concentrations which are established in a few hours in ozonized air amount to about 10wt% of pentoxide at 25°C, and 0.1wt% at 150°C. The oxidation reaction has been studied both in ozonized air and in N2O5. A much slower oxidation occurs in ozonized oxygen which can, however, be considerably accelerated if the graphite is first converted to a lamellar N2O5 compound.Pre-irradiation of the graphite causes only minor changes in the rates of compound formation and oxidation.The reactions may constitute hazards to reactors operating at low temperatures.
The micronucleus assay in human lymphocytes: screening for inter-individual variability and application to biomonitoring (1994)

Micronuclei levels were assessed in cytokinesis-blocked lymphocytes of 200 male and female healthy donors not occupationally exposed to genotoxic risks and of 33 male industrial painters handling genotoxic substances. Frequency of micronucleated cells was 9.87 +/- 3.1 per 1000 in the control population and was shown to have a large inter-individual variability. The study of factors contributing to this variability showed that only smoking could affect micronucleated cell rate, inducing an increase of 25%, whereas age and sex had no effect. Among the industrial painters, frequency of micronucleated cells averaged 18.30 +/- 7.39 per 1000: the difference between the two populations studied was shown to be statistically significant by the Mann-Whitney rank sum test (one-sided U test) and indicated that exposed painters need preventive measures.
Role of alpha-adrenergic blockers in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (1990)

The dynamic component of infravesical obstruction in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is determined by alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated contractions of the prostatic capsule, prostate adenoma, and bladder neck. Since alpha 1-adrenoceptors are sparse in the bladder, medical therapy aimed at blocking the alpha receptor will relieve bladder outlet obstruction without inhibiting bladder function. Numerous clinical studies have evaluated the use of various alpha blockers for the treatment of BPH. Although the majority of these trials involved limited numbers of patients treated for only short periods, their results have consistently shown that alpha blockers improve urinary flow rates. Adverse reactions appear to be more frequent and more serious with the use of nonselective alpha blockers than with selective alpha 1 blockers, such as terazosin or prazosin. Terazosin offers the additional advantage of once-daily dosing. The common association of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and symptomatic BPH in the aging male population may provide further impetus for initiating treatment with alpha blockers because alpha blockers are effective antihypertensive agents and may favorably alter lipid profiles.