gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The isolation of a sixth Kober chromogen from the urine of pregnant women and its identification as 18-hydroxyoestrone (1959)

In the course of column partition-chromatographic analysis of ketonic-phenolic fractions obtained from ether extracts of enzymically hydrolysed pregnancy urine, Kober-chromogenic material slightly more 'polar' in its chromatographic behaviour than 16oc-hydroxyoestrone (17-oxo- oestra-1:3:5-triene-3:16oa-diol) was regularly de- tected. The two possibilities were at first considered that this material might have arisen by 'leakage' of the chromatographically similar 16-epioestriol (oestra-1:3:5-triene-3:16/3: 17/3-triol) into the ketonic fractions or by 'tailing' of the 16oc-hydroxy- oestrone fraction on the columns. However, when a concentrate of this Kober-chromogenic material was subjected to a second Girard separation and the resulting ketonic fraction rechromatographed in the same system nearly 60% of the starting material was recovered. This finding disposed of these two possibilities and it became evident that a hitherto unknown ketonic Kober chromogen (KC-6) had been detected.
Detection of human mammaglobin A mRNA in peripheral blood of breast cancer patients before treatment and association with metastasis (2015)

This study provides additional evidence of the presence of MGA in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients, and its applicability as an efficient biomarker for breast cancer (High specificity and PPV). To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the expression of MGA mRNA in peripheral blood obtained from the Brazilian population.
Anger: Musings of a Theologian/Psychologist (1974)

There is a tension between the attitude of psychology toward anger and the attitude of most ministers. An examination of the biblical teaching on anger yields two results: (a) anger is justifiable as a reflection of God's anger at sin and humansuffering; and (b) more often than not anger is wrong and a response to personal difficulties. The application of these results to a counseling setting is made.
Polarization-space-time domain generalized likelihood ratio detection of radar targets (1995)

This paper addresses the problem of combining adaptive polarization processing and space-time processing for further performance improvement of radar target detection in clutter and jammer environments. Since the most straightforward cascade combinations have quite limited performance improvement potentials, we focus on the development of adaptive processing in the joint polarization-space-time domain. Unlike a direct extension of some existing space-time processing algorithms to the joint domain, the processing algorithm developed in this paper does not need a potentially costly polarization filter bank to cover the unknown target polarization parameter. The performance of the new algorithm is derived and evaluated in terms of the probability of detection and the probability of false alarm, and it is compared with other algorithms that do not utilize the polarization information or assume that the target polarization is known. Es wird eine Kombination von adaptiver Polarisations- und Raum-Zeit-Signalverarbeitung für die Verbesserung bei der Radardetektion von Objekten in stark gestörtem, unübersichtlichem Umfeld behandelt. Da eine Kaskadenstruktur zur Nutzung von Polarisations- und Raum-Zeit-Analyse nur ein geringes Verbesserungspotential beinhaltet, konzentrieren wir uns auf die Entwicklung adaptiver Verfahren zur zusammenhängenden Analyse im Polarisations-Raum-Zeitbereich. Im Gegensatz zu einer naheliegenden Erweiterung von existierenden Raum-Zeit-Analyse-Algorithmen durch die Polarisationsinformation, benötigt der in diesem Artikel entwickelte Algorithmus keine aufwandsintensive Filterbank zur Bestimmung der unbekannten Polarisationsinformation eines Objektes. Die Leistungsfähigkeit des neuen Algorithmus wird hergeleitet und anhand von Detektionswahrscheinlichkeiten, bzw. Wahrscheinlichkeiten für Fehlalarm bestätigt. Ferner wird der Algorithmus mit anderen, die die Polarisationsinformation nicht nutzen oder sie als bekannt voraussetzen, verglichen. Le sujet de cet article est le problème de la combinaison d'un traitement adaptatif de la polarisation et du traitement espace-temps à des fins d'amélioration des performances de la détection radar de cibles dans des environnements présentant fouillis et encombrement. Du fait que les combinaisons en cascade les plus directes ont des potentiels d'amélioration de performances fort limités, nous nous focalisons sur le développement d'un traitement adaptatif dans le domaine conjoint polarisation-espace-temps. A l'invers d'une extension directe de certains algorithmes espace-temps au domaine conjoint, l'algorithme de traitement développé dans cet article ne nécessite pas un banc de filtres de polarisation potentiellement coûteux pour gérer le paramètre inconnu de polarisation de la cible. Les performances de cet algorithme sont dérivées et évaluées en termes de probabilité de détection et probabilité de fausse alarme, et sont comparées à celles d'autres algorithmes n'utilisant pas l'information de polarisation ou supposant la polarisation de la cible connue.
Short Changing Working Mothers (2007)

The general criticism that several working mothers have delayed the birth of their babies to avail themselves of the higher baby bonus ($4133, up from $3166) is condemned. A University of Melbourne report is quoted that the delay was 'most probably' due to the 'timing of planned caesarean section and inducement procedures'. It is suggested that the lack of paid maternity leave is the main reason for their decision.
A new, continuous-time model for current-mode control (power convertors) (1991)

A current-mode control power convertor model that is accurate at frequencies from DC to half the switching frequency is described for constant-frequency operation. Using a simple pole-zero transfer function, the model is able to predict subharmonic oscillation without the need for discrete-time z-transform models. The accuracy of sampled-data modeling is incorporated into the model by a second-order representation of the sampled-data transfer function which is valid up to half the switching frequency. Predictions of current loop gain; control-to-output; output impedance; and audio susceptibility transfer functions were confirmed with measurements on a buck converter. The audio susceptibility of the buck converter can be nulled with the appropriate value of external ramp. The modeling concentrates on constant-frequency pulse-width modulation (PWM) converters, but the methods can be applied to variable-frequency control and discontinuous conduction mode.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An RDF Approach for Discovering the Relevant Semantic Associations in a Social Network (2008)

A social network is a network of interactions between entities of social interest like people, organisations, hobbies and transactions. Finding relevant associations between entities in a social network is of great value in many areas like friendship networks, biology and countering terrorism. Semantic Web technology enables us to capture and process relationships among social entities as metadata. Analysing semantic social networks requires newer methods. In a social network, entities are connected by short chains of relationships. Query to find associations between two entities returns a large number of results. One of the major issues is to rank the associations as per user preference. The work presents an approach to rank two categories of semantic associations viz. common associations and informative associations. Associations are modelled as property sequences in an RDF graph and they are ranked based on preferred search mode. Heuristics such as i) information content due to occurrence of a property with respect to all the properties in a description base ii) unpredictability of an association due to participation of its properties in multiple domains iii) the extent of match between user specified keywords and properties and iv) the popularity of nodes involved in a sequence are used to rank associations. The results obtained suggest that these heuristics indeed help in obtaining relevant associations. To scale the results to large RDF graphs, a relevant subgraph is extracted from the input graph on which ranking is applied. The approach is tested successfully on real RDF datasets and multigraphs.
Candidacy of liver stage antigen-1 for Plasmodium falciparum vaccine development (2001)

Malaria is the world's most important parasitic disease, imposing a massive health burden on\npeople living in the tropics, often in the poorest countries. The vast majority of deaths in humans\nfrom malaria are caused by one species of the hemoprotozoan, Plasmodium falciparum., against\nwhich effective control measures are urgently needed. The global situation has deteriorated in\nrecent times due to increased resistance of the anopheline mosquitoes that transmit P. falciparum\nto insecticides, and of the parasites themselves to drug therapy. An efficacious and cost-effective\nvaccine against this parasite is considered a public health priority. A vaccine that targets\npre-erythrocytic parasites in the liver could potentially prevent clinical disease by blocking\ndevelopment of the pathogenic erythrocytic stage of the parasite's life cycle. Among around 40\nknown P. falciparum antigens, liver stage antigen-1 (LSA-1) is the only protein expressed\nexclusively by liver stage parasites. Independent studies in humans have consistently related\nimmune responses to LSA-1 with resistance to malaria infection or disease, providing a powerful\nrationale for the development of liver stage vaccines based on LSA-1. By dissecting the\nmechanism(s) of immunity to this antigen, epitopes associated with protection can be evaluated\nin different delivery systems as components of a focused and coordinated multi-antigen malaria\nvaccine strategy.
Efficient certificate status handling within PKIs: an application to public administration services (2003)

Public administration has shown a strong interest in digital signature technology as a means for secure and authenticated document exchange, hoping that it will help reduce paper-based transactions with citizens. The main problem posed by this technology is the necessary public-key infrastructure, and in particular certificate status handling. This paper describes the definition and deployment of a Web-based environment suitable for offering administrative services to citizens and for accepting authenticated documents from citizens. The best features of two different certificate status handling schemes, namely CRL and OCSP, have been exploited within this environment to obtain a good balance between security, timeliness and efficiency.
Progestogen intolerance and compliance with hormone replacement therapy in menopausal women (1997)

It is vital that we maximize compliance if patients are to receive the full benefits from hormone replacement therapy (HRT). One of the main factors for reduced compliance is that of progestogen intolerance. Progestogens have a variety of effects apart from the one for which their use was intended, that of secretory transformation of the endometrium. Endometrial effects vary between individuals and between different progestogens, leading to bleeding problems. Symptoms of fluid retention are produced by the sodium-retaining effect on the renin-aldosterone system. The nor-testosterone-derived progestogens can have adverse effects on skin, lipids, vasculature and insulin resistance. Negative mood effects are produced by most progestogens due to the effect on neurotransmitters via central nervous system progesterone receptors. Manipulation of the dosage and duration of progestogen, continuous administration of a low dose of progestogen and a reduction in the number of progestogenic episodes can be used to improve compliance. The progestogen and progesterone releasing coils and vaginal progesterone gel minimize systemic side effects and bleeding. Adverse effects can also be avoided by making use of the progesterone receptor-specific progestogens such as the pregnanes (e.g. cyproterone), nor-pregnanes (e.g. nomegestrol) and progesterone itself. Hysterectomy remains an option for the severely progestogen-intolerant woman. In the future, progestogen intolerance may not be an issue if selective oestrogen receptor modulators provide a complete alternative to HRT.
The Novel Preparation of P-N Junction Mesa Diodes by Silicon-Wafer Direct Bonding (SDB) (1992)

The key processes of silicon-wafer direct bonding (SDB), including hydrophilic surface formation and optimal two-step heat treatment, have been developed However, H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O 2 solution being a strong oxidized acid solution, native oxide is found to have grown on the wafer surface as soon as a wafer is treated in this solution. In the case of a wafer further treated in diluted HF solution after hydrophilic surface formation, it is shown that the wafer surface can not only be cleaned of its native oxide but also remains hydrophilic, and can provide excellent voidless bonding. The N + /P and N/P combination junction mesa diodes fabricated on the wafers prepared by these novel SDB technologies are examined. The ideality factor n of the N/P mesa diode is 2.4∼2.8 for the voltage range 0.2∼0.3 V; hence, the lowering of the ideality factor n is evidently achieved. As for the N + /P mesa diode, the ideality factor n shows a value of 1.10∼1.30 for the voltage range 0.2∼0.6 V; the low value of n is attributed to an autodoping phenomenon which has caused the junction interface to form in the P-silicon bulk. However, the fact that the sustaining voltage of the N/P mesa diode showed a value greater than 520 V reveals the effectiveness of our novel SDB processes.
Design of double codebook based on 3D dual-polarized channel for multiuser MIMO system (2014)

Abstract This paper proposes a precoding method based on double codebook for multiuser three-dimensional multiple-input multiple-output (3D MIMO) system deployed with dual-polarized antenna array. Considering the block diagonal feature of the transmit correlation matrix of 3D dual-polarized channel, we adopt the double codebook structure, where the precoding matrix is composed of an inner long-term matrix and an outer short-term matrix. Then, we introduce a set of 3D beams which possess good discrimination in horizontal and vertical domains to be the basic beam set and adopt a topology describing the 3D beam set to illustrate the angle information in an intuitive way. For the purpose of multiuser transmission, we also propose a corresponding limited channel information feedback scheme and a user scheduling criteria based on this double codebook structure. Simulation results demonstrate that the precoding method based on double codebook for the dual-polarized 3D MIMO system effectively improves system throughput compared with 2D transmission scheme.
Modulating Contact Angle Hysteresis To Direct Fluid Droplets along a Homogenous Surface (2012)

The shape and motion of drops on surfaces is governed by the balance between the driving and the pinning forces. Here we demonstrate control over the motion of droplets on an inclined surface by exerting control over the contact angle hysteresis. The external modulation of contact angle hysteresis is achieved through a voltage-induced local molecular reorganization within the surface film at the solid-liquid interface. We show that tuning contact angle hysteresis alone is sufficient to direct and deform drops when subjected to a constant external driving force, here gravity, in the absence of a pre-defined surface energy gradient or pattern. We also show that the observed stretching and contraction of the drops mimic the motion of an inchworm. Such reversible manipulation of the pinning forces could be an attractive means to direct drops, especially with the dominance of surface forces at micro-/nanoscale.
Selective Activation of the MEK-ERK Pathway Is Regulated by Mechanical Stimuli in Forming Joints and Promotes Pericellular Matrix Formation (2005)

It is well established that local modification of extracellular matrix (ECM) hyaluronan composition is vital in the regulation of cell behavior. Indeed, the formation of articulating chick joint cavities, which requires mechanical stimuli derived from skeletal movement, is dependent upon the accumulation of an ECM rich in hyaluronan (HA). However, the mechanisms responsible for such precise mechano-dependent regulation of cell behavior and the formation of a HA-rich ECM remain undefined. Here we show that extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) is selectively activated in cells at sites of cavity formation and activity diminished by in ovo immobilization that induces cartilaginous fusion across presumptive joint interzones. In vitro analyses offer mechanistic support for the role of mechanical stimuli in promoting a MEK-dependent activation of ERK1/2. In addition, our direct regulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation status via modulation of its up-stream "classical cascade" activator either pharmacologically or by transfection with dominant negative or constitutively active Mek confirms the essential role for ERK1/2 activation in the elaboration of HA-rich pericellular matrices. Together, our findings demonstrate that the MEK-ERK pathway, regulated by mechanical stimuli, controls HA-rich matrix assembly. The precision of ERK1/2 activation selectively distinguishing cells at the joint line suggests that it directly contributes to the loss of tissue cohesion essential for generating HA-rich cavities between joint elements during their development.
Studies on White-Core Rice Kernel : II. On the physical properties of the kernel (1959)

Investigations were conducted on the physical properties of rice kernel with special emphasis on the White-core kernel. Sakamai varieties which are used for sake brewing and very high in white-core percentage and common rice varieties were used as materials for experiments. Sakamai grains were divided into two groups; white-core kernels and non white-core kernels. Comparisons were made on grain rigidity, milling qualities, specific gravity and water absorptivity of raw rice and on some properties of steamed rice in connection with penetrativity of malt mycelia. Grain hardness tests revealed that the white-core kernel was fragile due to the presence of a soft structure around the center of it, and that the rigidity of non white-core kernel was rather high. Results of milling and specific gravity tests showed that white-core grain has a rather hard exterior holding an interior of soft and porous structure. Milled white-core kernel was very high in water absorptivity and considerably flat in the process of milling around. 80 % of milling rate. It was observed that both longitudinal' and transverse cracks were easily formed in white-core kernel when steamed. The steamed kernel appeared elastic and less in decrease of thickness. Results of an experiment on Koji (malted rice) led to a conclusion that the cracks which are formed in the kernel due to the presence of porous structure favor the penetration of mycelia into it and would help making .Koji of good quality.
Chemically modified electrodes based on noble metals, polymer films, or their composites in organic voltammetry (2008)

The review deals with the current state of and prospects for the use of electrodes modified with noble metals, polymer films, or composites on their basis, which yield catalytic response in voltammetry. Techniques of applying noble metals, polymer films, or their composites to a conducting support are considered. The catalytic properties of immobilized redox mediators and the analytical, operating, and performance characteristics of this type of modified electrodes are compared.
Temporal and Topographic Changes in DNA Synthesis after Induced Follicular Atresia1 (1989)

Hamsters were hypophysectomized on the morning of estrus (Day 1) and injected immediately with 30 IU pregnant mare's serum (PMS). This was followed on Day 4 by the injection of an antiserum to PMS (PMS-AS) that initiated follicular atresia (Time zero). From 0 to 72 h after PMS-AS, the animals were injected with [3H]thymidine and killed 4 h later. One ovary was saved for autoradiography and histology; from the other ovary, 5-10 large antral follicles were dissected and pooled, and incorporation into DNA was determined by scintillation counting. DNA synthesis dropped sharply between 12 and 18 h, coinciding with a fall in labeling index of the cumulus oophorus and thecal endothelial cells and a sharp fall in thecal vascularity. In contrast, for the mural granulosa cells bordering on the antral cavity, labeling index dropped sharply between 8 and 12 h when thecal vascularity was still high. The earliest sign of atresia was evident by 4 h in cumulus cells when, paradoxically, DNA synthesis was still high. It took 3 days for atresia of the antral follicles to progress to advanced stages, as evidenced by pseudo-pronuclei in the free floating ovum, further erosion of the mural granulosa, and minimal DNA/follicle. However, the theca still retained its histological integrity and contained no pyknotic cells. Although by 48 h the granulosal compartment was in disarray (DNA/follicle significantly different from earlier values), the egg was still viable, as judged by maximal fluorescence after the addition of fluoroscein diacetate.
A high-level Petri nets-based approach to verifying task structures (2002)

As knowledge-based system technology gains wider acceptance, there is an increasing need to verify knowledge-based systems to improve their reliability and quality. Traditionally, attention has been given to verifying knowledge-based systems at the knowledge level, which only addresses structural errors such as redundancy, conflict and circularity in rule bases. No semantic errors (such as inconsistency at the requirements specification level) have been checked. In this paper, we propose the use of task structures for modeling user requirements and domain knowledge at the requirements specification level, and the use of high-level Petri nets for expressing and verifying the task structure-based specifications. Issues in mapping task structures onto high-level Petri nets are identified, e.g. the representation of task decomposition, constraints and the state model; the distinction between the "follow" and "immediately follow" operators; and the "composition" operator in task structures. The verification of task structures using high-level Petri nets is performed on model specifications of a task through constraint satisfaction and relaxation techniques, and on process specifications of the task based on the reachability property and the notion of specificity.
Selection of Adjuvants for Enhanced Vaccine Potency (2011)

The advent of mass vaccination has saved millions of human lives and revolutionized the quality of life. Vaccination is currently one of the most cost effective ways of managing healthcare costs in both emerging and developed countries. Despite the long vaccine history and success, design and development of efficacious and safe vaccines has been tradi-tionally semi-empirical. This is mainly due to our limited understanding of vaccination mechanism and its influencing factors. The most important factor is arguably the type and concentration of vaccine adjuvants. Until recently, however, only one type of adjuvant – aluminum salts, had been widely used within licensed human vaccines in the US, even though a variety of novel adjuvants have been evaluated in the past few decades. This review summarizes the key adju-vants that have been evaluated in recent years with an intention to facilitate more efficient development of vaccine products to combat human diseases.