gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of a novel statistics counter architecture with optimal space and time efficiency (2006)

The problem of how to efficiently maintain a large number (say millions) of statistics counters that need to be incremented at very high speed has received considerable research attention recently. This problem arises in a variety of router management algorithms and data streaming algorithms, where a large array of counters is used to track various network statistics and to implement various counting sketches respectively. While fitting these counters entirely in SRAM meets the access speed requirement, a large amount of SRAM may be needed with a typical counter size of 32 or 64 bits, and hence the high cost. Solutions proposed in recent works have used hybrid architectures where small counters in SRAM are incremented at high speed, and occasionally written back ("flushed") to larger counters in DRAM. Previous solutions have used complex schedulers with tree-like or heap data structures to pick which counters in SRAM are about to overflow, and flush them to the corresponding DRAM counters.In this work, we present a novel hybrid SRAM/DRAM counter architecture that consumes much less SRAM and has a much simpler design of the scheduler than previous approaches. We show, in fact, that our design is optimal in the sense that for a given speed difference between SRAM and DRAM, our design uses the theoretically minimum number of bits per counter in SRAM. Our design uses a small write-back buffer (in SRAM) that stores indices of the overflowed counters (to be flushed to DRAM) and an extremely simple randomized algorithm to statistically guarantee that SRAM counters do not overflow in bursts large enough to fill up the write-back buffer even in the worst case. The statistical guarantee of the algorithm is proven using a combination of worst case analysis for characterizing the worst case counter increment sequence and a new tail bound theorem for bounding the probability of filling up the write-back buffer. Experiments with real Internet traffic traces show that the buffer size required in practice is significantly smaller than needed in the worst case.
L-selectin: A Major Regulator of Leukocyte Adhesion, Migration and Signaling (2019)

L-selectin (CD62L) is a type-I transmembrane glycoprotein and cell adhesion molecule that is expressed on most circulating leukocytes. Since its identification in 1983, L-selectin has been extensively characterized as a tethering/rolling receptor. There is now mounting evidence in the literature to suggest that L-selectin plays a role in regulating monocyte protrusion during transendothelial migration (TEM). The N-terminal calcium-dependent (C-type) lectin domain of L-selectin interacts with numerous glycans, including sialyl Lewis X (sLe<sup>x</sup>) for tethering/rolling and proteoglycans for TEM. Although the signals downstream of L-selectin-dependent adhesion are poorly understood, they will invariably involve the short 17 amino acid cytoplasmic tail. In this review we will detail the expression of L-selectin in different immune cell subsets, and its influence on cell behavior. We will list some of the diverse glycans known to support L-selectin-dependent adhesion, within luminal and abluminal regions of the vessel wall. We will describe how each domain within L-selectin contributes to adhesion, migration and signal transduction. A significant focus on the L-selectin cytoplasmic tail and its proposed contribution to signaling via the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family of proteins will be outlined. Finally, we will discuss how ectodomain shedding of L-selectin during monocyte TEM is essential for the establishment of front-back cell polarity, bestowing emigrated cells the capacity to chemotax toward sites of damage.
Overview of Clinical Trials of Influenza Vaccines, 1976 (1977)

The National Influenza Immunization Program included a Presidential directive to provide A/ New Jersey/76 vaccine for all citizens and to immunize as many persons as possible. Before a vaccine could be offered on such a scale, it was necessary to obtain clinical data on the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of this vaccine before final recommendations could be made regarding dosage and formulation. This task was assigned to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. The Infectious
Probabilistic bottom-up RTL power estimation (2002)

We address the problem of power estimation at the register-transfer level (RTL). At this level, the circuit is described in terms of a set of interconnected memory elements and combinational modules of different degrees of complexity. We propose a bottom-up approach to create a simplified high-level model of the block behavior for power estimation, which is described by a symbolic local polynomial. We use an efficient gate-level modeling based on the polynomial simulation method and ZBDDs. We present a set of experimental results that show a large improvement in performance and robustness when compared to previous approaches.
Embrittlement and stress cracking of polyethylene by fuming nitric acid (1969)

Abstract Oxidative embrittlement and stress cracking of high‐density polyethylene has been studied by using fuming nitric acid at 60°C as the oxidative agent. Oxidative stress cracking was found to be insensitive to changes in molecular weight in contrast to environmental stress cracking in a surface‐active medium. The oxidative attack was found to be influenced by the surface crystalline texture of the polyethylene. Oriented polyethylene showed an increased resistance to oxidative embrittlement and stress cracking, the mode of failure being dependent upon the prior annealing treatment.
Quantification of Viral Load: Clinical Relevance for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Infection (1998)

Quantitative determination of viral load using nucleic acid amplification techniques represents the most accurate prognostic marker for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, independently of CD4+ cell count. Overall, the different methods for HIV-1 RNA determination (RT-PCR, nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, branched DNA) show a good reproducibility (0.5 log), however for low copy numbers and in HIV-1-infected children the variability may exceed 0.7 log. In non-HIV-1 subtype B infections the copy number is underestimated. While serology permits an accurate follow-up of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, HBV DNA quantification is used for monitoring of antiviral therapy, determination of infectiosity and in combination with serological markers for the resolution of unusual profiles, i.e. isolated anti-HBc reactivity. The prognostic relevance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA determination is of limited value for the long-term prognosis of chronic hepatitis C, however the viral load may predict the outcome of antiviral therapy. Genetic diversity represents a challenge for HCV RNA quantification.
Translational Aspects of Diet and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2017)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of diseases ranging from simple steatosis without inflammation or fibrosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Despite the strong association between dietary factors and NAFLD, no dietary animal model of NAFLD fully recapitulates the complex metabolic and histological phenotype of the disease, although recent models show promise. Although animal models have significantly contributed to our understanding of human diseases, they have been less successful in accurate translation to predict effective treatment strategies. We discuss strategies to overcome this challenge, in particular the adoption of big data approaches combining clinical phenotype, genomic heterogeneity, transcriptomics, and metabolomics changes to identify the ideal NAFLD animal model for a given scientific question or to test a given drug. We conclude by noting that novel big data approaches may help to bridge the translational gap for selecting dietary models of NAFLD.
Spurious wave suppression in BAW resonators with frame-like airgap (2010)

In this paper, a new membrane resonator structure for suppressing the spurious waves is proposed. The proposed structure consists of a piezoelectric slab sandwiched between the bottom electrode with a frame-like airgap and a solid top electrode. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is applied to extract the displacements to illustrate the reduction of spurious waves.
A web caching and prefetching simulator (2008)

The enormous potential of locality based strategies like caching and prefetching to improve Web performance motivates us to propose a novel global framework for performance evaluation in scenarios where different parts of the Web architecture interact. Unlike existing proposals our approach is a fast and flexible tool that allows to represent faithfully the behaviour of each element of the architecture in order to study, reproduce, evaluate and design Web strategies to decrease the userpsilas perceived latency when surfing the Web.
Scatter-air ratios (1972)

Scatter-air ratios are empirical quantities derived from tissue-air ratios for use in calculating the dose from scattered radiation at a point in an irradiated phantom. Like tissue-air ratios, for each radiation quality, they depend only on depth and beam cross- section but are independent of the distance from the source. Their use for calculations within uniform and non-uniform radiation beams is outlined and the extension to account for tissue- heterogeneities is discussed.
Recovery: Past progress and future challenges (2012)

The idea of ‘recovery’ now permeates a great deal of international mental health policy. In opening this themed issue on recovery, we address three related international issues. First, what does re...
泡泡也外挂 挣“点”我用它 (2004)

最近笔者的很多朋友都开始用POPO(网易泡泡)．主要目的就是为了它的免费发短信功能．但总是挂着也非常的麻烦．不停有人来骚扰我．虽然加更多的好友可以获得更多的POPO金币，但实在不想受到别人骚扰。于是．我请出了“POPO(网易泡泡)挂机帮手”这款非常不错的小软件。
Tendances récentes de la scolarité aux Etats-Unis (1974)

Houdaille Jacques. Tendances récentes de la scolarité aux Etats-Unis. In: Population, 29ᵉ année, n°1, 1974. pp. 148-150.
Jonah and the Imitation of God: Rethinking Evangelism and the Old Testament (2008)

Abstract The OT continues to be neglected in Christian theological reflection. Recent treatments of evangelism and mission illustrate this tendency. The book of Jonah offers a narrative context for the retrieval of a robust OT witness, not only for practices of evangelism but also for Christian biblical theology. Relating Jonah directly to the topic of Christian vocation confirms "verbal proclamation" to be a reductive account of evangelism. The concept of evangelism should instead be expanded to include the entire missio dei of global reconciliation, particularly through the imitatio dei of God's people in their care for creation and all its creatures. Social justice, peace, and ecological concern are not beyond the scope of evangelism. Moreover, such a reading of Jonah demonstrates that the two testaments are not divided by a fundamental, sequential distinction between centripetal and centrifugal movements of God's people vis-à-vis the world. God sent a prophet of Israel to Nineveh and Jesus' disciples are charged to gather diverse peoples into the unified family of God. While recognizing the existence of discontinuity between the testaments and yet avoiding a supersessionist hermeneutic, Jonah can be read according to a trajectory of divine action that unites all of Scripture and warrants the OT's Christian witness. Throughout Scripture's story, God is the main actor in salvation. Even the recurrent resistance of God's people to a communal life of imitatio dei finally yields to the power of God's love for all.
Overexpression of Nampt in gastric cancer and chemopotentiating effects of the Nampt inhibitor FK866 in combination with fluorouracil (2011)

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), an enzyme involved in the NAD⁺ salvage pathway, is over-expressed and important in the carcinogenesis in several types of cancers. The expression of Nampt and its role in gastric cancer remain largely unknown. In this study, using real-time PCR and Western blotting we found that Nampt was overexpressed at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively, in established gastric cancer cells and human gastric cancer tissues. The specific Nampt inhibitor FK866 repressed gastric cancer cell proliferation, as assessed by MTT assay. Using transwell and soft agar clonogenic assays, we also found that FK866 suppressed gastric cancer cell migration and anchorage-independent growth, respectively. These inhibitory effects of FK866 were accompanied by significantly decreased expression of VEGF, MMP2, MMP9 and NF-κB. As determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry, FK866 also increased the chemo-sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to fluorouracil by greater inhibition of cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis. Our findings indicate that Nampt may be a new therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
Selective growth and serial passage of mouse melanocytes from Neonatal epidermis in a medium supplemented with bovine pituitary extract (1991)

Suspensions of disaggregated epidermal cells from skins of newborn C57BL/10JHir mice were plated in a growth medium that consisted of Ham's F-10 plus bovine pituitary extract (BPE), insulin, and transferrin. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was added to the culture medium at a concentration of 4% at the time of plating. On the second day of culture, a small number of melanocytes was randomly distributed among large sheets of keratinocytes. From the third day onward, FBS was excluded from the culture medium to prevent the proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The melanocytes began to grow preferentially, and after 12 days pure and enriched populations of melanocytes could be harvested. In the absence of the proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, melanocytes could be serially passaged in the growth medium supplemented with a conditioned medium (CM) prepared from keratinocyte-enriched cultures, namely, those at the early stages of the primary culture. FBS was added at a concentration of 1% for the first day. These results suggest that both BPE and keratinocyte CM contain growth factors required for proliferation of melanocytes.
Forcing Calcium Through (2000)

Cells excel at interconverting types of energy under mild and controlled conditions; for example, the uphill transport of calcium from the cytoplasm into the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP. Toyoshima et al. provide a high-resolution view of the enzyme responsible for this activity, the Ca2+-ATPase. The salient features are a bundle of ten transmembrane α-helices and a cytoplasmic trio of domains that together bind one molecule of ATP and couple the energy released by hydrolysis to the movement of two calcium ions through the helical bundle. Although structural characterization of reaction intermediates lies ahead, the cytoplasmic domains appear to re-orient and coalesce during catalysis, which may result in lever-like movement of the helices and extrusion of the ions much as air is expelled from a hand bellows.—GJC
The synthesis and immobilisation of cartilage-specific proteoglycan by human chondrocytes in different concentrations of agarose. (1990)

Chondrocytes were cultured in agarose gels of different concentrations. In this in vitro model these cells synthesize tissue-specific proteoglycans. The rate of proteoglycan synthesis was not dependent on the concentration of the surrounding gel. The immobilisation of these macromolecules in monomeric and in aggregated form were studied. 0.5% to 1.0% of agarose failed to retain important amounts of proteoglycan. Proteoglycan monomers and even aggregates diffused to the incubation medium. 2.0% and 4.0% of agarose immobilised the bulk of the aggregates and approximately 50% of the monomeric proteoglycans. Low-molecular proteoglycan species or break-down products freely moved out of the gel. The reproducibility of the variables concerning proteoglycan metabolism was very good.
Apoptosis in the germ line (2010)

Apoptosis is a critical process for regulating both the size and the quality of the male and female germ lines. In this review, we examine the importance of this process during embryonic development in establishing the pool of spermatogonial stem cells and primordial follicles that will ultimately define male and female fertility. We also consider the importance of apoptosis in controlling the number and quality of germ cells that eventually determine reproductive success. The biochemical details of the apoptotic process as it affects germ cells in the mature gonad still await resolution, as do the stimuli that persuade these cells to commit to a pathway that leads to cell death. Our ability to understand and ultimately control the reproductive potential of male and female mammals depends upon a deeper understanding of these fundamental processes.
Influence of sex, testicular development and liver function on the bioavailability of oral testosterone (1977)

The bioavailability of orally administered testosterone was investigated in normal and hypogonadal men, prepubertal boys, normal women, and in patients with fatty liver, liver cirrhosis and surgical portocaval shunts. Peripheral testosterone concentrations remained unchanged in normal men and men with fatty liver, whereas a steep increase was observed in all other groups. The greatest increase was seen in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis and with portocaval shunts. The steep increase of peripheral testosterone in boys, women and hypogonadal men is attributed to their having a lower activity of androgen-metabolizing liver enzymes than normal men. The increase in patients with cirrhosis is most likely caused by intra- and extra-hepatic portocaval shunts.
Disclosure of Origin of Plant Genetic Resources: Challenges for Supporting Food Security in Indonesia (2020)

Protecting plant genetic resources is crucial because they are a key element in supporting food security for Indonesia’s growing population. An important element in the protection of plant genetic resources is the disclosure of origin of genetic resources. In line with international standards and commitments, Indonesia has enacted a Patents Act that seeks to protect its plant genetic resources by requiring disclosure of origin. However it is one thing to enact legislation and quite a different thing to effectively implement the legislation to achieve its aims. This paper critically analyses the Indonesian Patent Act and highlights some key issues that undermine the effectiveness of the Act. The paper identifies the problems of implementing provisions of the Act at the normative and practical levels. At the normative, the Act lacks clarity with concepts undefined. This is compounded at the practical level by a lack of a regulatory framework and inadequate human resources. The paper suggests that given the importance of disclosure of origin in protecting plant genetic resources for Indonesia’s food security, developing further legislative and institutional framework on disclosure of origin is an essential strategic solution for the country.
A Safe Fault Tolerant Multi-view Approach for Vision-Based Protective Devices (2010)

We present a new approach that realizes an image-based fault tolerant distance computation for a multi-view camera system which conservatively approximates the shortest distance between unknown objects and 3D volumes. Our method addresses the industrial application of vision-based protective devices which are used to detect intrusions of humans into areas of dangerous machinery, in order to prevent injuries. This requires hardware redundancy for compensation of hardware failures without loss of functionality and safety. By taking sensor failures during the fusion process of distances from different cameras into account, this is realized implicitly, with the benefit of no additional hardware cost. In particular we employ multiple camera perspectives for safe and non-conservative occlusion handling of obstacles and formulate general system assumptions which are also appropriate for other applications like multi-view reconstruction methods.
Carbon dots based immunosorbent assay for the determination of GFAP in human serum (2018)

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is expressed in the central nervous system and the level of GFAP normally rises with brain injury and astroglial tumors. So, serum GFAP is used as a marker for diagnosing various types of brain damage and astroglial tumors. In this study, a new sensor based on carbon dots (CDs) linked with antibodies to specifically detect GFAP in human serum was developed. Anti-GFAP (Ab1) linked with protein A/G agarose resin (PA/G) as a capture antibody (PA/G-Ab1) and anti-GFAP (Ab2) labeled with CDs as a detection antibody (CDs-Ab2) were prepared firstly. Then the CD-linked antibody immunosorbent assay (CLAISA) method was constructed based on the sandwich conjunction reaction among PA/G-Ab1, GFAP, and CDs-Ab2. CLAISA, using the fluorescence of PA/G-Ab1-GFAP-Ab2-CDs as the direct signal, enabled the proposed immunosensor to detect GFAP sensitively with a linear range of 0.10-8.00 ng ml<sup>-1</sup> and a detection limit of 25 pg ml<sup>-1</sup>. This method was applied to the determination of GFAP in human serum by the standard addition method, and the results showed high accuracy and precision. Considering the easy synthetic process and excellent performance of CLAISA, this method has great potential to be used to monitor GFAP in the clinic.
The 2-Mg Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Differentiating Major Depression with Psychosis from Schizophrenia (1986)

The 2-mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST), performed in a drug-free acute exacerbation phase of illness shortly after admission, differentiated between major depression with psychosis and stringently diagnosed chronic schizophrenia. This has practical significance because effective drug treatment in each diagnostic group is different. Nonsuppression was seen in all six newly admitted patients in a drug-free acute exacerbation phase of illness with major depression with psychosis. Suppression was seen in all 20 newly admitted chronic schizophrenic patients in a drug-free acute exacerbation phase of illness, with the exception of two very agitated patients with mildly elevated 11 p.m. cortisol samples. Studies are briefly reviewed and suggest that nonsuppression with 1-mg DST may occur in the absence of pituitary-adrenal disinhibition and in the acute exacerbation phase of some chronic schizophrenic patients.
Simulating software development processes (1996)

One of the main factors affecting any product development schedule is rework. In the consumer product market, the risk of rework is often measured against the need to get to market quickly. This frequently happens in the software market as well; products are released with known bugs and then upgraded after user testing. Therefore, software development organizations may choose to limit the iterations of defect correction to meet schedules or control costs. The decision to release software after a certain point is a business decision, and there is little written about business decisions in any software-related literature, including the SEI's Capability Maturity Model. A quick review of software project management literature suggests that rework is implicit in software estimating techniques, but is not explicit. The amount of rework and the manner in which it is treated are very important factors in determining software schedules and cost.