gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dystrophic microglia in the aging human brain (2003)

We have studied microglial morphology in the human cerebral cortex of two nondemented subjects using high-resolution LN-3 immunohistochemistry. Several abnormalities in microglial cytoplasmic structure, including deramification, spheroid formation, gnarling, and fragmentation of processes, were identified. These changes were determined to be different from the morphological changes that occur during microglial activation and they were designated collectively as microglial dystrophy. Quantitative evaluation of dystrophic changes in microglia revealed that these were much more prevalent in the older subject (68-year-old) than in the younger one (38-year-old). Thus, we conclude that microglial dystrophy is a sign of microglial cell senescence. We hypothesize that microglial senescence could be important for understanding age-related declines in cognitive function.
Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR for Detection of Rotavirus and Adenovirus as Causative Agents of Acute Viral Gastroenteritis in Children (2006)

Viral pathogens are the most common cause of gastroenteritis in developed countries. Human rotavirus and adenovirus infections are major causes of acute outbreaks and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis, occurring primarily among children less than 2 years of age. Patient hospitalization is often required, with enormous infection control implications. This work describes the development of real-time PCR assays for the detection of group F adenovirus, rotavirus A, and rotavirus C from stool specimens. Two hundred twenty stool samples from pediatric patients exhibiting symptoms of diarrhea and/or vomiting were examined. PCR results were compared with those of virus detection by electron microscopy and latex agglutination antigen detection. The incorporation of an internal-control RNA that was spiked into individual stool extracts functioned as an internal validation for the reporting of PCR-negative results. Rotavirus C was not detected by real-time PCR in the patient stool samples examined. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR resulted in 175% and 111% increases in the rates of detection of adenovirus F and rotavirus A, respectively, compared with latex agglutination testing. Molecular detection increased the number of stool specimens in which causative agents of gastroenteritis were identified by 155% compared to electron microscopy. Genotyping of a proportion of the rotavirus and adenovirus strains identified only genotype G1 rotavirus and both adenovirus genotypes 40 and 41 in circulation within the patient cohort examined. The results highlight the significance of rapid molecular methods for the routine screening of stool samples in hospital laboratories to provide rapid definitive diagnoses.
Lower bounds for resolution and cutting plane proofs and monotone computations (1997)

Abstract We prove an exponential lower bound on the length of cutting plane proofs. The proof uses an extension of a lower bound for monotone circuits to circuits which compute with real numbers and use nondecreasing functions as gates. The latter result is of independent interest, since, in particular, it implies an exponential lower bound for some arithmetic circuits.
CHIP SEAL BEST PRACTICES (2005)

This synthesis report provides an overview of successful chip seal practices in the United States, Canada, and overseas. Although not meant to be an exhaustive study, it covers the spectrum of chip seal practice and presents, where possible, the state of the art, as reported in the literature and survey responses. The report presents ways to assist in the development and implementation of pavement preservation programs by identifying the benefits of using chip seal as part of a preventive maintenance program. Innovative and advanced chip seal programs from around the world were identified with respect to critical factors that can be incorporated by other transportation agencies. Approximately 40 best practices were identified in the areas of chip seal design methods, contract administration, equipment practices, construction practices, and performance measures. The increased use of chip seals for maintenance can be a successful, cost-effective way of using preventive maintenance to preserve both low-volume and higher-volume pavements.
Electrical Properties of Recrystallised SiC Films from PECVD Precursors for Silicon Quantum Dot Solar Cell Applications (2011)

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a promising host material for silicon quantum dots (Si QDs), which are being investigated as absorber materials for tandem solar cells based solely on crystalline silicon. Amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC) films are deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) and annealed under the same conditions usually used to precipitate Si QDs. During annealing, the films shrink by 20%, and some a-SiC transforms into SiC nanocrystals (nc-SiC) about 3 nm in size. P-type doping with boron is found to inhibit SiC crystallisation and lower conductance as compared to intrinsic films. N-type doping with phosphorus on the other hand promotes SiC crystallisation and leads to a higher conductance. The trends in conductance are ascribed solely to the effect of the dopant on crystallisation. Al, Ti, Cr, Ni20%Cr, and ITO are all found to form Ohmic contacts to the SiC films on deposition, with no change in contact properties brought about by sintering at 425°C. Temperature-dependent conductivity measurements on intrinsic SiC films reveal two distinct activation energies; 65 meV below 200 K, and 158 meV above 200 K.
Health Advice and Immunizations for Travelers (2000)

Each year, 1 billion passengers travel by air, and over 50 million people from industrialized countries visit the developing world.1,2 Travelers may be exposed to a variety of pathogens and risks, and 20 to 70 percent of people report some health problems while traveling.3,4 Overall, during international travel, 1 to 5 percent of travelers seek medical attention, 0.01 to 0.1 percent require emergency medical evacuation, and 1 in 100,000 dies.3 Although infectious diseases cause considerable morbidity among travelers, they account for only 1 to 4 percent of deaths that occur during international travel.5 Cardiovascular disease is the most . . .
Simultaneous effects of salted water and water flow on asphalt concrete pavement deterioration under freeze–thaw cycles (2012)

AbstractThe presence of water flow on road surfaces may lead to early deterioration of bituminous pavements. The adverse impacts of various anti-freezing materials on road surface performance have drawn the attention of many researchers. However, the simultaneous effects of salted water and water flow on the deterioration of road surfaces, particularly under freeze–thaw conditions, have not been adequately addressed. This research aims to study the combined effects of water flow and anti-freezing materials, which are usually present in the vicinity of asphaltic pavements during freeze–thaw cycles, on asphalt concrete deterioration. Two sets of asphalt concrete samples were prepared and subjected to six exposure states. The samples were also tested in an abrasion test apparatus and subjected to normal and frictional forces. Marshall strength loss and weight loss of the samples were measured and the results were analysed. The results indicated that the combined effects of water flow and de-icers under freeze–thaw conditions intensified the deterioration of asphalt concrete.Keywords:: water flowde-icing saltcalcium acetateasphalt concrete pavementdeteriorationfreeze–thaw AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank the Imam Khomeini International University Research Fund, which supported this study. Thanks are also extended to Mr Reza Hazrati for conducting the experiments.
Automatización de los procesos de las empresas a través de Software (2019)

This article aims to inform the reader how, in today's competitive market, companies must find a way to improve their efficiency, in order to remain competitive. Having said the above, one of the strategies to opt for many of these companies is the internal improvement of their processes, reducing expenses and increasing efficiency, there are many solutions to achieve this, among them the article will focus on the use of software for the automation of repetitive tasks in companies, this being a way to reduce labor time and improve the agility with which the company develops its activities
Presence of Desoxyribonuclease Activity in Human Serum. (1950)

The addition of Mg++ in a final, optimal, concentration of 0.003 M to human serum leads to distinct and readily measurable desoxyribonuclease activity. The average value of this activity in a group of fifty patients with cancer was significantly lower than the average value in a group of 34 patients, of comparable age, with noncancerous disease. Both average values were less than that of a normal group.
Detection and imaging of nitrogen dioxide with the degenerate four-wave-mixing and laser-induced-fluorescence techniques (1996)

The spectroscopic techniques of degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) and laser-induced fluorescence (LIP) have been applied to the detection of minor species for combustion diagnostics. We compare the results obtained when these techniques are used to detect NO(2). Previous results show that DFWM signals increase for NO(2) when buffer gas is added and that LIP signals are greatly reduced under the same circumstances. We make direct quantitative comparisons of these two techniques and discuss their suitability for making measurements of NO(2) in combustion environments.
High capacity mode group division multiplexed multimode fiber systems (2011)

By using multiple mode groups in parallel, the capacity of a multimode fiber link can be significantly increased. The technical feasibility is shown by theoretical analysis and an experimental 3x3 20m fiber link at 30Gbit/s.
殖民地博物館與「他者」意象的再現—三個日本殖民地博物館的分析比較 (2006)

當代人類學的研究發展，不再侷限於傳統的田野方法或研究主題。越來越多人類學者關注自身所處複雜社會之各式的文化現象 ，從不同層面求得對文化與文化再現的了解。本論文的研究是將博物館視為一種社會文化的產物、 社會文化現象的反映，透過二十世紀初期三個日本殖民地博物館的分析比較，討論殖民、博物館與他者再現的關係。 這三個殖民地博物館是十九世紀末期到二十世紀初期之間，日本在臺灣、朝鮮、滿州三個主要殖民地與佔有地所興建的殖民地博物館。這些博物館不僅是殖民者在當地所興建的第一座現代博物館，更重要的是它們都由殖民地的最高統治中心隸屬管轄，包括由臺灣總督府興建管轄的「臺灣總督府博物館」，朝鮮總督府座下的「朝鮮總督府博物館」，以及隸屬南滿州關東廳政府的「關東廳博物館」，這些殖民地博物館的收藏與展示深受殖民者掌控。 首先，從三個殖民地博物館的研究，得以看出殖民者如何透過博物館的收藏與對他者的展示，合理化其殖民統治的目的。無論是宣揚殖民者的權威、對外宣稱統治權力或對內增強殖民教化，都企圖將不平等的權力關係隱藏在知識殿堂之下。此外，當殖民者面對不同的殖民地與被殖民者，殖民者所使用的他者再現手法不盡相同。甚至「我群」與「他者」的區分也並非二元對立的區辨，其中的文化邊界亦非一成不變，而是一種流動的想像，可以隨著不同情境切割與重劃。然而，博物館內所展示的「他者」是被殖民者挑選的，殖民者透過博物館再現特定的「他者」是因為:掌握「他者」意味著掌握其「過去」，如此得以解釋「現在」。在殖民地博物館中，「他者」與「過去」是可以替代的。因此，殖民地博物館是以展示他者為主要目的。
Mycoplasma contamination in human tumor cell lines: effect on interferon induction and susceptibility to natural killing. (1981)

Cleaning of human tumor cell lines from arginine-dependent nonfermentative Mycoplasma orale 1 (MO1) by a recently developed technique profoundly altered several in vitro properties of the cell lines. Four melanoma lines (Mel I, Mel St, Mel K, IGR3) and 1 ovarian carcinoma line (Ro) induced human leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha) only in the mycoplasma-infected state and not in the mycoplasma-free state. MO1-infected tumor lines were generally more susceptible to natural killer (NK) cell-mediated lysis than their mycoplasma-free counterparts. Reinfection of cleaned tumor lines with MO1 restored their interferonogenicity and the increased susceptibility to NK lysis. Thus, the amplifying role of MO1 infection on NK target lysis occurred in connection with an increased production IFN-alpha during the assay period. The human erythroleukemia cell line K562 was exceptional in that it also induced high levels of IFN in an apparently mycoplasma-free state and was unaffected in its susceptibility ot NK lysis by infection with MO1. Possible implications of these findings for the biologic significance of the NK reaction are discussed.
A new optical treatment for oscillopsia. (1987)

A simple optical device (spectacles plus contact lens) enabling viewing of the real world with either partial or almost-complete retinal image stabilisation has been tested in patients with oscillopsia caused by nystagmus. The device gave a useful improvement in vision in two of 14 patients. Reasons for success and failure were clear and are discussed. Obvious contraindications include severe optic atrophy, titubation and dementia. Net benefit is also unlikely if there is a good null point or area to the nystagmus, or if acuity (corrected but unstabilized) is 6/9 or better. It is not suitable for the treatment of oscillopsia caused by failure of the vestibulo-ocular reflex.
Extrinsic ageing in the human skin is associated with alterations in the expression of hyaluronic acid and its metabolizing enzymes (2009)

Extrinsic skin ageing or 'photoageing', as opposed to intrinsic skin ageing, is the result of exposure to external factors, mainly ultraviolet irradiation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and particularly hyaluronic acid (HA) are major components of the cutaneous extracellular matrix involved in tissue repair. However, their involvement in extrinsic skin ageing remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the expression of HA and its metabolizing enzymes in photoexposed and photoprotected human skin tissue specimens, obtained from the same patient. Total GAG were isolated, characterized using specific GAG-degrading enzymes and separated by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes and polyacrylamide gels. Quantitation of HA in total GAG was performed using ELISA. Gene expression of hyaluronan synthases (HAS), hyaluronidases (HYAL) and HA receptors CD44 and receptor for HA-mediated motility (RHAMM) was assessed by RT-PCR. We detected a significant increase in the expression of HA, of lower molecular mass, in photoexposed skin as compared with photoprotected skin. This increase was associated with a significant decrease in the expression of HAS1 and an increase in the expression of HYAL1-3. Furthermore, the expression of HA receptors CD44 and RHAMM was significantly downregulated in photoexposed as compared with photoprotected skin. These findings indicate that extrinsic skin ageing is characterized by distinct homoeostasis of HA. The elucidation of the role of HA homoeostasis in extrinsic skin ageing may offer an additional approach in handling cutaneous ageing.
The application of computerized analysis of nuclear images and multivariate analysis to the understanding of the effects of antineoplastic agents and their mechanism of action. (1993)

The present work involves the creation of a model that makes the rapid study of anticancer drugs possible. In order to make possible the multilevel study of antineoplastic derivatives (their effects on cell proliferation, their cell kinetics, their chromatin texture and the study of their potential operating mechanisms), the computerized analysis of nuclear images linked to multivariate analysis was chosen, and, in so doing, took into account 15 computer-calculated morphonuclear parameters for Feulgen-stained cell nuclei. In order to validate the method it was subjected to a series of well-known cancer drugs. The present results are in agreement with those obtained by conventional methods similar to those used for the study of the cytotoxicity of anticancer molecules or their effect on cell kinetics. Multivariate analysis applied to the parameters described by image analysis should make possible the rapid study of new anticancer drugs together with the rapid orientation of studies undertaken to ascertain their operating mechanisms.
Epigenetic regulatory functions of DNA modifications: 5-methylcytosine and beyond (2015)

The chemical modification of DNA bases plays a key role in epigenetic gene regulation. While much attention has been focused on the classical epigenetic mark, 5-methylcytosine, the field garnered increased interest through the recent discovery of additional modifications. In this review, we focus on the epigenetic regulatory roles of DNA modifications in animals. We present the symmetric modification of 5-methylcytosine on CpG dinucleotide as a key feature, because it permits the inheritance of methylation patterns through DNA replication. However, the distribution patterns of cytosine methylation are not conserved in animals and independent molecular functions will likely be identified. Furthermore, the discovery of enzymes that catalyse the hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine not only identified an active demethylation pathway, but also a candidate for a new epigenetic mark associated with activated transcription. Most recently, N6-methyladenine was described as an additional eukaryotic DNA modification with epigenetic regulatory potential. Interestingly, this modification is also present in genomes that lack canonical cytosine methylation patterns, suggesting independent functions. This newfound diversity of DNA modifications and their potential for combinatorial interactions indicates that the epigenetic DNA code is substantially more complex than previously thought.
Cholesterol dynamics in the foetal and neonatal brain as reflected by circulatory levels of 24S-hydroxycholesterol (2001)

Oxysterols, particularly those hydroxylated in the steroid side-chain, are formed from cholesterol by specific cytochrome P450 enzymes and may facilitate elimination of cholesterol from extrahepatic sources. In humans, the greatest portion of circulating 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24S-OH-Chol) is derived from the brain and the absolute concentration depends on age. In the present study, concentrations of 24S-OH-Chol and for comparison 27-OH-Chol were determined by a highly sensitive isotope dilution method using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in serum samples from normal preterm and term neonates and those with Rhesus haemolytic disease, taken serially for diagnostic purposes. Serum concentrations of cholesterol, 24S-OH-Chol and 27-OH-Chol were similar in venous versus arterial cord blood of 6 term neonates. Serum concentrations of 24S-OH-Chol and 27-OH-Chol in 12 small for gestational age (SGA) preterm neonates were significantly lower than those in 12 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) preterm neonates (p < 0.001), and also lower than those in 12 SGA (0 < 0.001) and 12 AGA term neonates (p < 0.05). Serum cholesterol was significantly higher in preterm than in term neonates (p < 0.001). 24S-OH-Chol serially determined in 8 infants with Rhesus haemolytic disease increased 5-6-fold during the first 3 mo after birth (from 42 +/- 20 ng ml(-1) to 227 +/- 71 ng ml(-1)). 27-OH-Chol increased simultaneously from 30 +/- 14 ng ml(-1) to 100 +/- 39 ng ml(-1).Serum concentrations of 24S-OH-Chol increased 5-6-fold after birth. This could be an indication of normal cholesterol metabolism in the developing neonatal brain.
Liquid crystal display panel (1974)

NUFACTURING, FEASIBILITY STUDIES*LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS, LIQUID CRYSTALS, METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTORS, FLAT PANEL DISPLAYSAn objective of this program is to demonstrate the feasibility of developing an effective x-y addressed liquid crystal display by fabricating a three-inch square, flat, liquid crystal display panel incorporating all addressing and drive circuitry for the display of alphanumeric and vector-graphical information at a resolution of 30 lines per inch. An experimental determination of yield statistics for double-level metallization was performed. Circuitry design is complete, and detailed MOS layout is well under way for the entire integrated circuit. A technique has been developed for joining the four slices into a mosaic. Initial experiments gave acceptable results concerning flatness and freedom from surface damage.
Tocotrienols are needed for normal bone calcification in growing female rats (2002)

In this study the effects of vitamin E deficiency and supplementation on bone calcification were determined using 4-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats weighed between 180 and 200 g. The study was divided in three parts. In experiment I the rats were given normal rat chow (RC, control group), a vitamin E deficient (VED) diet or a 50% vitamin E deficient (50%VED) diet. In experiment 2 the rats were given VED supplemented with 30 mg/kg palm vitamin E (PVE30), 60 mg/kg palm vitamin E (PVE60) or 30 mg/kg pure alpha-tocopherol (ATF). In experiment 3 the rats were fed RC and given the same supplements as in experiment 2. The treatment lasted 8 months. Vitamin E derived from palm oil contained a mixture of ATF and tocotrienols. Rats on the VED and 50%VED diets had lower bone calcium content in the left femur compared to the RC group (91.6 +/- 13.3 mg and 118.3 +/- 26.0 mg cf 165.7 +/- 15.2 mg; P < 0.05) and L5 vertebra (28.3 +/- 4.0 mg and 39.5 +/- 6.2 mg compared with 51.4 +/- 5.8 mg; P < 0.05). Supplementing the VED group with PVE60 improved bone calcification in the left femur (133.6 +/- 5.0 mg compared with 91.6 +/- 13.3 mg; P < 0.05) and L5 vertebra (41.3 +/- 3.3 mg compared with 28.3 +/- 4.0 mg; P < 0.05) while supplementation with PVE30 improved bone calcium content in the L5 vertebra (35.6 +/- 3.1 mg compared with 28.3 +/- 4.0 mg; P < 0.05). However, supplementation with ATF did not change the lumbar and femoral bone calcium content compared to the VED group. Supplementing the RC group with PVE30, PVE60 or ATF did not cause any significant changes in bone calcium content. In conclusion, vitamin E deficiency impaired bone calcification. Supplementation with the higher dose of palm vitamin E improved bone calcium content, but supplementation with pure ATF alone did not. This effect may be attributed to the tocotrienol content of palm vitamin E. Therefore, tocotrienols play an important role in bone calcification.
Real-Time Systems (2016)

Since 2004, most of chip vendors have begun to shift their major focus from single-core to multi-core architecture (W. Wolf. Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE, 26(6):50–54, 2009). One major reason of this shift is that it reaches a physical limit by scaling transistor size and increasing the clock frequency to improve the computing performance on a single-core architecture (Agarwal et al. Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on, pages 248–259, June 2000), that is, the overall chip cannot be reached within a single clock cycle. Multi-core architecture, however, brings innovative and promising opportunities to further improve the computing performance. By providing multiple processing cores on a single chip, multi-core systems can dramatically increase the computing performance and mitigate the power and thermal issues with the same performance achievement as single-core systems. As multi-core architecture has been more and more dominant in the industrial market, there is an urgent demand for effective and efficient techniques for the design of multi-core systems.
Reversing motion vector fields (2002)

We examine the problem of estimating a reverse motion vector field from a given forward motion vector field and its motion-compensated residual. This problem has practical importance when providing reverse-play functionality in compressed video environments, where video data is stored, processed, and transported in compressed form. We present a family of algorithms that trade off motion vector accuracy for computational efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of these algorithms.