gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chromatographic Peak Shape Analysis and Modeling. (1990)

Various aspects of chromatographic peak quantitation and shape characterization are investigated in detail for single and overlapping chromatographic peaks. From the viewpoint of providing better quantitation of real chromatographic data while minimizing computational complexity, the results presented should be easily incorporated into existing routine chromatographic data analysis regimes. Three topics applicable to modern chromatographic data analysis are considered. First, progress in the application of the exponentially modified Gaussian (EMG) function to chromatography is reviewed. The review covers the following areas: (1) equations derived from the model, (2) studies of inherent errors in the quantitation of chromatographic peaks via use of the EMG model, (3) chromatographic applications since 1983, and (4) applications to flow injection analysis. The information discussed and the references included in this review should provide a valuable resource for those researchers considering or already using the EMG model in their studies. Second, improved empirical equations based on the EMG model are presented. The equations utilize measurements of the graphical parameters peak height (hp), width (W), and asymmetry for the calculation of the following chromatographic figures of merit (CFOMs): $\tau$, $\sigma$, area, variance, third and fourth statistical moments, excess, and skew. The equations are shown to be more accurate than traditional numerical methods when applied to single and overlapped chromatographic peaks that fit the EMG model. Application to simulated and real chromatographic peaks is discussed. Finally, a computationally simple, normalized data transformation that can be used for peak shape analysis and comparison is introduced. Compared to slope analysis, moment analysis, and the distribution function, the "Q transformation" performs much better over a wide range of experimental conditions, including signal to noise (S/N) ratios of less than 100 in which the other methods often fail. This method is shown to be computationally simple, easy to automate, and very intuitive in nature. Application of the Q transformation for impure chromatographic peak detection using single-channel channel data is discussed. Its advantages over the skew, excess, slope analysis and distribution function methods are reported using both simulated and real data.
Testicular cancer (2002)

Testicular cancer remains a major success story in the realm of solid tumors. Although testicular cancer is highly treatable and curable, there are still many young men who succumb to the disease. Over the past year, important data regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of testicular cancer have been reported. The significance of genetic and molecular alterations, such as i12p and epidermal growth factor receptor expression, remain at the forefront of research. However surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy are still the main treatment modalities. Attempts to limit chemotherapy and surgery while preserving cure rates are promising. The contribution of long-term platinum retention to the well-documented risk of late toxicity is unknown but provides a specific avenue for research. New tumor markers, such as lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-1, may provide a greater risk stratification. Positron emission tomography imaging may reduce the need for surgical resection posttherapy and provide a more comprehensive means of observation.
On the sampling of web images for learning visual concept classifiers (2010)

Visual concept learning often requires a large set of training images. In practice, nevertheless, acquiring noise-free training labels with sufficient positive examples is always expensive. A plausible solution for training data collection is by sampling the largely available user-tagged images from social media websites. With the general belief that the probability of correct tagging is higher than that of incorrect tagging, such a solution often sounds feasible, though is not without challenges. First, user-tags can be subjective and, to certain extent, are ambiguous. For instance, an image tagged with "whales" may be simply a picture about ocean museum. Learning concept "whales" with such training samples will not be effective. Second, user-tags can be overly abbreviated. For instance, an image about concept "wedding" may be tagged with "love" or simply the couple's names. As a result, crawling sufficient positive training examples is difficult. This paper empirically studies the impact of exploiting the tagged images towards concept learning, investigating the issue of how the quality of pseudo training images affects concept detection performance. In addition, we propose a simple approach, named semantic field, for predicting the relevance between a target concept and the tag list associated with the images. Specifically, the relevance is determined through concept-tag co-occurrence by exploring external sources such as WordNet and Wikipedia. The proposed approach is shown to be effective in selecting pseudo training examples, exhibiting better performance in concept learning than other approaches such as those based on keyword sampling and tag voting.
The Formative Period of Twentieth-Century Brazilian Army Thought, 1900-1922 (1984)

IN the first decades of this century, army officers debated the role their institution was to play in Brazilian society. They envisioned the army as the central institution in preserving and deepening Brazilian national unity. Army spokesmen laid the weight of Brazil's future on their fellow officers' shoulders. The examples of Germany, France, Japan, the United States, and even Argentina indicated to them that national greatness was linked to military preparedness, which in turn depended upon the country's economic development. Military weakness was an invitation, they thought, to live under the humiliating tutelage of the strong.' At the crossroads where their fears and dreams met, they saw a small, ill-trained, and ill-equipped army that was unequal to its tasks. Their mounting frustration led Brazilian officers to examine their country's economic, social, and political systems, its international status, the nature of its population, and their own role in society in terms of the constitutional responsibilities, which called upon the armed forces to defend the nation against both external and internal threats. In the process, which con-
Role of MgO barriers for spin and charge transport in Co/MgO/graphene nonlocal spin-valve devices (2013)

We investigate spin and charge transport in both single and bilayer graphene nonlocal spin-valve devices. An inverse dependence of the spin lifetime ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{s}$ on the carrier mobility $\ensuremath{\mu}$ is observed in devices with large contact-resistance-area products (${R}_{c}A>1\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{k}\ensuremath{\Omega}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$). Furthermore, we observe an increase of ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{s}$ with increasing ${R}_{c}A$ values, demonstrating that spin transport is limited by spin dephasing underneath the electrodes. In charge transport, we measure a second contact-induced Dirac peak at negative gate voltages in devices with larger ${R}_{c}A$ values, demonstrating different transport properties in contact-covered and bare graphene parts. We argue that the existence of the second Dirac peak complicates the analysis of the carrier mobilities and the spin scattering mechanisms.
Espectro trófico de Chelonoidis chilensis (Chelonii: testudinidae) en la provincia fitogeográfica del monte (Mendoza, Argentina) (1994)

Between 1983 and 1991, 83 field trips were made to the biogeographical province of Monte, in Mendoza province, Argentina, in order to study the trophic spectrum of Chelonoidis chilensis, among other ecoethological aspects. The trophic period extends from September to April. Adults are herbivorous in strict sense, but this may change according to the available resourees. Trophic spectrum is composed by 14 items (Families) of vegetables. Some items have toxic or potentially toxit substances. Finally, the diet of Ch. chilensis is compared with the one of Ch. donosobarrosi and with other desert tortoises.
Half-wave cylindrical antenna in a dissipative medium: current and impedance (1960)

An integral eq uation for t he distribution of curren t along a cylindri cal a ntenn a in a co nducting di electric is d eriv ed . It is shown t hat the boundary co ndi tions for a n ante nn a in such a m edium a re formally t he same as for an a ntenn a in free space. The equation is solved for t he current I and t he driving-poin t impedan ce Z by m eans of a tec hn ique t hat achieves s uffi cien tly high acc uracy in t he leading terms of an iteration procedu re so t hat t he higher-order terms do not need to be evaluated. Moreover, t hese leading te rms consist only of t rigonometri c fun ctions wit h co mplex coeffi cien ts. The electromagnetic fi eld in t he infinite dissipativ e medium m ay be co mpu ted relatively eas ily s in ce t he current in th e ante nn a is expressed in such sim pie terms.
Impact of Intelligent Well Systems on Total Economics of Field Development (2005)

Abstract Intelligent well technology, referring to the implementation of fundamental process control downhole, has advanced rapidly over the last decade in the upstream oil and gas industry. Application of this technology has continued to expand since recent installation results have demonstrated the value of these completions with a high success rate that operators find attractive. In this paper, we present an economic evaluation procedure to quantify the benefit of Intelligent Well Systems based on net present value (NPV) calculations. Reducing well count and eliminating or reducing interventions by using Intelligent Well Systems has the potential to add many millions of dollars to well NPV, since drilling rig and workover costs may be very expensive, especially in offshore deepwater environments. Delayed revenue associated with production shut-in also must be considered and reduced by discount rate at the same time that intervention and well operating costs increase by inflation rate. The use of Intelligent Well Systems not only reduces or eliminates some capital and operating costs, but also allows operators to accelerate oil production, increase the ultimate recovery and reduce water handling cost, which result in significant benefits in NPV of a project. Thus, Intelligent Well Systems are becoming economically attractive for modest-cost onshore operations as well as for the high-cost offshore environments for which they were initially deemed applicable.
Influence of phosphate pretreatment on durability of zinc-rich paints (1982)

Corrosion protection efficiency of any protective system depends not only on the nature and quality of the coating system used but also on the condition of the mrface on which it is to be applied. Various metal cleaning methods include (a) chemical cleaning — solvent degreasing, alkali cleaning and acid pickling (b) mechanical cleaning — shot blasting and (c) chemical conversion coatings — phosphating. Several of the recent advances in the field of prepaint treatment of steel have had as an objective the provision of an intrinsically fine, compact, well adhered zinc phosphate coating. Studies in this direction have been carried out in Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee and conditions for a suitable phosphating process have been optimised. Some work on the development of zinc rich paints based on both inorganic as well as organic binders have already been reported. The study has been extended by evaluating the performance of these zinc rich coatings on phosphated steel panels. In this report the performance of the above mentioned coatings when applied on the phosphated steel panels have been discussed. The studies reported include the preparation of the phosphated mild steel panels having three levels of coating wight ranging between 1.5–7.5 g/m2 (obtained by varying only the immersion time and keeping other parameters similar). A cost of zinc rich paint (75m?) based on either sodium silicate or chlorinated rubber binder was then applied on these panels along with the unphosphated ones. Comparison of the corrosion protection efficiency of the various systems thus obtained was carried out by using both laboratory and accelerated laboratory tests as well as by outdoor exposure studies. The performance of the coatings on phosphated panels has been remarkedly satisfactory as compared to the unphosphated panels. This is particularly so when the coating weight of the phosphate layer is between 4.5–7.5 g/m2; there is not any marked difference in the performance of paints applied on a phosphated layer with a coating weight of about 1.5 g/m2 as compared to the unphosphated panels.
Problem statement for distributed and dynamic mobility management (2011)

The traditional hierarchical structure of cellular networks has led to
deployment models which are heavily centralized. Mobility management
with centralized mobility anchoring in existing hierarchical mobile
networks is quite prone to suboptimal routing and issues related to
scalability. Centralized functions present a single point of failure,
and inevitably introduce longer delays and higher signaling loads for
network operations related to mobility management. To make matters
worse, there are numerous variants of Mobile IP in addition to other
protocols standardized outside the IETF, making it much more difficult
to create economical and interoperable solutions. In this document we
examine the problems of centralized mobility management and identify
requirements for distributed and dynamic mobility management.
Comparison of Immediate and Delayed Free TRAM Flap Breast Reconstruction in Patients Receiving Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy (2001)

Tumor pathologic features and the extent of nodal involvement dictate whether radiation therapy is given after mastectomy for breast cancer. It is generally well accepted that radiation negatively influences the outcome of implant-based breast reconstruction. However, the long-term effect of radiation therapy on the outcome of breast reconstruction with the free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap is still unclear. For patients who need postmastectomy radiation therapy, the optimal timing of TRAM flap reconstruction is controversial. This study compares the outcome of immediate and delayed free TRAM flap breast reconstruction in patients who received postmastectomy radiation therapy. All patients at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center who received postmastectomy radiation therapy and who also underwent free TRAM flap breast reconstruction between January of 1988 and December of 1998 were included in the study. Patients who received radiation therapy before delayed TRAM flap reconstruction were compared with patients who underwent immediate TRAM flap reconstruction before radiation therapy. Early and late complications were compared between the two groups. Early complications included vessel thrombosis, partial or total flap loss, mastectomy skin flap necrosis, and local wound-healing problems, whereas late complications included fat necrosis, volume loss, and flap contracture of free TRAM breast mounds. Late complications were evaluated at least 1 year after the completion of radiation therapy for patients who had delayed reconstruction and at least 1 year after reconstruction for patients who had immediate reconstruction. During the study period, 32 patients had immediate TRAM flap reconstruction before radiation therapy and 70 patients had radiation therapy before TRAM flap reconstruction. Mean follow-up times for the immediate reconstruction and delayed reconstruction groups were 3 and 5 years, respectively. The mean radiation dose was 50 Gy in the immediate reconstruction group and 51 Gy in the delayed reconstruction group. One complete flap loss occurred in the delayed reconstruction group, and no flap loss occurred in the immediate reconstruction group. The incidence of early complications did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, the incidence of late complications was significantly higher in the immediate reconstruction group than in the delayed reconstruction group (87.5 percent versus 8.6 percent; p = 0.000). Nine patients (28 percent) in the immediate reconstruction group required an additional flap to correct the distorted contour from flap shrinkage and severe flap contraction. These findings indicate that, in patients who are candidates for free TRAM flap breast reconstruction and need postmastectomy radiation therapy, reconstruction should be delayed until radiation therapy is complete.
HOW ARE WE DOING? USING FACULTY FEEDBACK TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF LIBRARY INSTRUCTION ON STUDENT WORK (2018)

Data collected from surveys of faculty who brought their students in for library instruction provides the basis for this article. Faculty can be reached through surveys developed using low cost or even no cost tools and results have been used to help establish a connection between library instruction and quality of student work. Details on the surveys and summary data results will be highlighted, as will results from a survey of faculty who do not schedule instruction, providing easily replicable assessment tools that can be adapted for the needs of other academic libraries.
A review of the Paris system for reporting urinary cytology (2016)

After the 2013 International Congress of Cytology in Paris, consensus groups were formed to establish an international reporting system for urinary tract ( UT ) specimens. The recommended guidelines, known as The Paris System ( TPS ) for Reporting Urinary Cytology, focus on reducing the rate of unnecessary indeterminate diagnoses while maintaining the excellent performance UT cytology has for identifying high‐grade urothelial carcinoma. This review highlights the major features of TPS .
Resveratrol: French Paradox Revisited (2012)

Resveratrol is a polyphenol that plays a potentially important role in many disorders and has been studied in different diseases. The research on this chemical started through the "French paradox," which describes improved cardiovascular outcomes despite a high-fat diet in French people. Since then, resveratrol has been broadly studied and shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-angiogenic effects, with those on oxidative stress possibly being most important and underlying some of the others, but many signaling pathways are among the molecular targets of resveratrol. In concert they may be beneficial in many disorders, particularly in diseases where oxidative stress plays an important role. The main focus of this review will be the pathways affected by resveratrol. Based on these mechanistic considerations, the involvement of resveratrol especially in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and possibly in longevity will be is addressed.
Facing targets sputtering system for depositing Co–Cr perpendicular magnetic recording media (1987)

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Digital signal processing and analysis of speech and image data (2008)

This research investigates a digital hardware oriented system that uses a\ngenetic algorithm (GA) for optimizing a pattern classifier based on the pulsed\nneural network (PNN). The scheme avoids the usage of multipliers and\ndividers, which are the bottlenecks for digital hardware implementation of\nparallel computations like GA and neural networks. A new model for the\npulsed neural network has been developed in this research. In this model, the\ninformation is coded in terms of firing times of pulses that are generated by\nthe neuron. The pulses transmit through the network and excite the dynamics\nof the neuron. Their synchronism is utilized to design the architecture of the\nneural network such that it acts as a RBF network.
Acoustic Neurinomas: A Follow-Up (1961)

Neurosurgery: January 1961 - Volume 7 - Issue - p 21-39 doi: 10.1093/neurosurgery/7.CN_suppl_1.21
Strategies used by healthcare practitioners to manage fatigue-related risk: beyond work hours (2013)

Objectives: Fatigue in healthcare practitioners presents a risk to both patient safety and the safety and well-being of doctors and nurses. Management of fatigue-related risk is largely focused on hours of work limits, but these limits are fallible. The aim was to investigate the ways in which healthcare professionals manage fatigue-related risk beyond the hours. Methods: Qualitative data extracted from semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 189 healthcare practitioners from nursing and medical disciplines were subjected to thematic analysis to identify key themes of causes and consequences of fatigue, as well as strategies deployed within teams and by individuals. Results: The majority of fatigue risk management beyond hours of work limits occurs as informal processes that have evolved within teams. These processes can be characterised as non-technical skills and include error protection practices and fatigue-proofing strategies. Conclusions: The informal practices we identified represent a key layer of defence in a fatigue risk management system – that of recognising and responding to fatigue. A process to assess and formalise the error protection practices and fatigue-proofing strategies is required and any formal implementation should be supported by effective and fair incident reporting systems.
Trapped-ion qutrit spin molecule quantum computer (2005)

We present a qutrit quantum computer design using trapped ions in the presence of a magnetic field gradient. The magnetic field gradient induces a "spin-spin" type coupling, similar to the J-coupling observed in molecules, between the qutrits which allows conditional quantum logic to take place. We describe in some detail, how one can execute specific one and two qutrit quantum gates, required for universal qutrit quantum computing.
An algorithm for the efficient utilization of bandwidth in the slotted ring (1992)

The slotted ring local area network is very efficient under light load, but suffers from severe performance degradations as the load increases, especially if message sizes are highly variable. An algorithm is presented, in the form of a medium access protocol, to allow for the efficient utilization of the bandwidth of the slotted ring. The protocol is based on the release of slots by destination stations of every slot, except for the first and last slots of a message transmission. This means that station latencies do not have to be increased. As a direct consequence of this property, the source and station identification do not have to be included in every slot, therefore reducing the message overhead. The algorithm results in an improved performance over the entire workload range, and under most workload conditions, therefore illustrating how far the performance of the slotted ring can go.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>