gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Si ultrashallow <i>p</i>+<i>n</i> junctions using low-energy boron implantation (1991)

Ultrashallow boron-doped junctions in silicon have been investigated using secondary-ion mass spectroscopy and four-point probe technique. The junctions were obtained by implanting B+ ions into n-type Si(100) at 200 eV to doses of 1.5×1014 and 6×1014 cm−2 and at substrate temperatures in the range 30–900 °C during B implantation. Both post-implantation in situ annealing by electron bombardment heating and rapid thermal annealing in a separate system were employed. The results show that sub 20 nm p+n junctions are obtained without the need for further processes such as preamorphization and high-temperature annealing.
The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 141. <i>Setaria faberi</i> Herrm. (2009)

Setaria faberi, commonly known as giant foxtail, is an annual graminaceous weed that is native to eastern China, has colonized eastern North America and is expanding its range westward. This species is primarily self-pollinated and the only mechanism of reproduction is by seed. Adult plants may reach 2 m in height and produce over 2000 seeds per panicle. Seeds may possess non-deep physiological dormancy when freshly produced, and can form small persistent seed banks. If not controlled, S. faberi populations can cause severe yield reductions in corn and soybean crops. Several herbicides are available to provide chemical control; however, resistance to some modes of action, (ALS, ACCase, and Photosystem II) have been identified in Canada and the United States. Leaves and seeds of this species provide a food source to several species of mammals, birds, and insects. Key words: Setaria faberi, giant foxtail, growth, development, seed germination, diseases, herbicide
Overview of ComputerAided Design Tools (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Micro-Architecture Design and Circuit Feasibility Study Tools RTL Model Design Tools Datapath/Memory Design Tools Control Logic Design Tools Chip Assembly and Global Net Route Chip-Level Layout, Circuit, and Timing Verification Test Patterns Generation Conclusion This chapter contains sections titled: References 
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Chemical injury treated with autologous limbal epithelial stem cell transplantation and&nbsp;subconjunctival bevacizumab (2014)

Subconjunctival injection of bevacizumab can reduce the corneal NV, reducing conjunctival inflammation and supporting restoration of a stable ocular surface that is able to counteract graft failure, with no toxicity for the transplanted LSC.
Changing Practice of Anticoagulation: Will Target-Specific Anticoagulants Replace Warfarin? (2015)

The target-specific oral anticoagulants are a class of agents that inhibit factor Xa or thrombin. They are effective and safe compared to warfarin for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation and for the treatment of venous thromboembolism, and they are comparable to low-molecular-weight heparin for thromboprophylaxis after hip or knee arthroplasty. For other indications, however, such as the prevention of stroke in patients with mechanical heart valves, initial studies have been unfavorable for the newer agents, leaving warfarin the anticoagulant of choice. Further studies are needed before the target-specific anticoagulants can be recommended for patients with cancer-associated thrombosis or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Concerns also persist about difficulties with the laboratory assessment of anticoagulant effect and the lack of a specific reversal agent. For these reasons, we anticipate that the vitamin K antagonists will continue to be important anticoagulants for years to come.
Ketamine Modulates Theta and Gamma Oscillations (2009)

Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor glutamatergic antagonist, has been studied as a model of schizophrenia when applied in subanesthetic doses. In EEG studies, ketamine affects sensory gating and alters the oscillatory characteristics of neuronal signals in a complex manner. We investigated the effects of ketamine on in vivo recordings from the CA3 region of mouse hippocampus referenced to the ipsilateral frontal sinus using a paired-click auditory gating paradigm. One issue of particular interest was elucidating the effect of ketamine on background network activity, poststimulus evoked and induced activity. We find that ketamine attenuates the theta frequency band in both background activity and in poststimulus evoked activity. Ketamine also disrupts a late, poststimulus theta power reduction seen in control recordings. In the gamma frequency range, ketamine enhances both background and evoked power, but decreases relative induced power. These findings support a role for NMDA receptors in mediating the balance between theta and gamma responses to sensory stimuli, with possible implications for dysfunction in schizophrenia.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of a Chiral Quaternary Carbon Center by Indium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric α‐Alkenylation of β‐Ketoesters. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fault Diagnosis utilizing Structural Analysis (2002)

When designing model-based fault-diagnosis systems, the use of consistency relations (also called e.g. parity relations) is a common choice. Di#erent subsets are sensitive to di#erent subsets of faults, and thereby isolation can be achieved. This paper presents an algorithm for finding a small set of submodels that can be used to derive consistency relations with highest possible diagnosis capability. The algorithm handles di#erential algebraic models and is based on graph theoretical reasoning about structure of the model. An important step, towards finding these submodels and therefore also towards finding consistency relations, is to find all minimal structurally singular (MSS) sets of equations. These sets characterize the fault diagnosability.
Performance analysis of nonpersistent idle-signal casting multiple access with collision-detection (ICMA/CD) protocol (1996)

In land mobile-radio networks, nodes cannot sense the carrier transmitted from other nodes. Idle-signal casting multiple access with collision detection (ICMA/CD) is a centrally controlled multiple-access protocol in which a base station senses a shared inbound channel (node-to-base station) and broadcasts the channel information on a separate outbound (base station-to-node) channel. A nonpersistent ICMA/CD protocol with the finite population model is analysed. Throughput is analysed for generally distributed packet lengths by using the discrete-time Markov chain.
[Early changes of liver microsomal lipids in acute thiobenzamide poisoning]. (1979)

The administration to rats of Thiobenzamide, a new liver toxin, induces the early appearance of conjugated dienes among microsomal lipids. Along with an increased malonic dialdehyde "in vitro", the finding suggests lipid peroxidation to occur.
EFFECT OF X IRRADIATION ON THE METABOLISM OF C<sup>14</sup>-GLUCOSE AND C<sup>14</sup>-FRUCTOSE IN RAT LIVER SLICES (1959)

The utilization of C 14 -glucose and C 14 -fructose in liver slices from normal rats and from rats exposed to 1000 r of whole-body X irradiation was studied. Liver slices prepared from normal rats were incubated with C 14 -glucose or C 14 -fructose in equivalent amounts and the incorporation of C 14 into carbon dioxide, glycogen, and an ethanolic extract was determined. After the rats had been fasted 4 or 24 hours the amount of C 14 incorporated into glycogen and carbon dioxide from C 14 -fructose was greater than that incorporated from C 14 -glucose but the total radioactivity in the ethanolic extracts was approximately the same for both hexoses. When liver slices prepared from normal and X-irradiated rats were incubated with C 14 -glucose or C 14 -fructose 4 or 24 hours after irradiation, the samples obtained from irradiated rats incorporated a greater amount of C 14 into carbon dioxide, glycogen, and the ethanolic extract, with the exception of the 24-hour samples incubated in the presence of labelled glucose. In the latter instance incorporation into carbon dioxide fell below the normal value. The total C 14 recovery from the three fractions was always higher in the X-irradiated samples than in the corresponding control samples. Further examination of the ethanolic extracts (amino acids, lactic acid, and origin area material) separated by paper partition chromatography revealed additional differences between the samples of liver from normal and X-irradiated rats in their ability to incorporate C 14 from either labelled hexose. These differences were apparent in samples incubated either 4 or 24 hours after X irradiation of the animals.
New developments and emerging trends in high-throughput screening methods for lead compound identification (2010)

Abstract: High-throughput screening (HTS) campaigns have become a starting point for many drug discovery programs and are being conducted not only by large pharmaceutical companies but increasingly by smaller biotechnology companies, university research laboratories, and not-for-profit organizations. The underlying theme of any HTS campaign is the inventive application of brute force, and the pace and variety of invention strategies that have increased as HTS has evolved from a specialty capability to a standardized technology. Incorporation of HTS elements into the earliest phases of assay development supports the most economic and logistically feasible transition into a HTS campaign and subsequent lead compound discovery. There is a constant dilemma, however, when considering whether well-established, mature technologies should be replaced by new methods that promise to deliver spectacular economic, temporal, or logistical advantages. This is a review of some of the more novel and promising HTS technological and conceptual innovations that are currently being successfully used in the field. Keywords: HTS, technologies, innovations, lead identification
Factors governing the interannual variation and the long‐term trend of the 850 hPa temperature over Israel (2010)

Abstract This study examines the ability of the interannual variability in the occurrence of synoptic types, intensity of large‐scale circulations and global temperature to explain that of the 850 hPa temperature in Israel for the summer and the winter. The synoptic factor was represented by 19 types defined by Alpert et al (2004b). For the summer, the deep and the weak Persian Trough explained 35% of the interannual temperature variance. For the winter, the lows to the east and to the north explained 44% of the interannual temperature variance. Two additional factors were incorporated: large‐scale circulations, the North Atlantic Oscillation for the summer and the Arctic Oscillation for the winter; and global radiative forcing, represented by the global temperature. Both of them were found to be significant, and the variance explained by all of them is 56% for the summer and 64% for the winter. In the summer the variation is dominated by warm and cool types whereas in the winter the cold systems dominate. The individual contribution of each factor to the long‐term temperature trend was estimated. While the global radiative forcing contribution was positive and large in both seasons, the synoptic contribution was positive, four times larger in the summer. The large‐scale contribution was negative, three times larger in the winter. The considerable warming in the summer results from a rapid increase in the occurrence of the weak Persian Trough, which is a warm type. The study approach may be useful for predicting future temperature regimes, based on predicted synoptic features in climatic models. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Simulation de trajectoires complexes à l'aide d'un hexapode de mouvement - Application aux sports de glisse (2013)

Le département Durabilité des Matériaux, Assemblages et Structures (DuMAS) de l’Institut de Mécanique et d’Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M) s’est associé à l’équipe CRONE du groupe automatique du laboratoire de l’Intégration du Matériau aux Systèmes (IMS) autour du projet commun de simulation de trajectoires complexes à l’aide d’un hexapode de mouvement et son application aux sports de glisse. En effet, nouvellement équipé d’un robot hexapode de dernière génération constitué d’une plate-forme mobile relié, par 6 vérins pilotables indépendamment, à une plate-forme fixe, l’objectif global du projet SIMUSURF est d’optimiser le pilotage de l’hexapode pour recréer en environnement contrôlé les sensations ressenties par un surfeur sur la vague. Il n’existe pas, à l’heure actuelle, de système permettant d’analyser quantitativement les mouvements d’un surfeur pour réaliser une figure donnée et de pouvoir les reproduire en environnement contrôlé. Le développement de ce simulateur à partir de l’hexapode équipé de plates-formes de forces nécessitera donc un pilotage de la trajectoire du plateau mobile à partir des efforts exercés par l’utilisateur. D’un point de vue mécanique et robotique, un des principaux verrous technologiques à lever concerne l’optimisation du pilotage (au total 6 vérins en dynamique avec des vitesses potentielles de 5 m/s) pour atteindre les trajectoires désirées ou les efforts multiaxiaux à imposer dans le cas particulier d’un pilotage complexe en effort. En effet, la description d’une trajectoire 3D complexe avec précision et répétabilité nécessite la prise en compte des phénomènes de couplage dynamiques existants entre les actionneurs et la mise en œuvre d’une approche de commande multi-variable efficace. Si l’approche CRONE nous donnera accès à des lois de commande performantes et robustes (ie résistants à une connaissance imparfaite du système commandé), la mise en place d’un algorithme de restitution inertielle de commande permettra la génération et le suivi de trajectoires tout en prenant en compte les contraintes de mouvement de l’hexapode.
Differential expression of innate immune system genes in liver of beef cattle with divergent phenotypes for RFI (2013)

Residual feed intake (RFI) quantifies inter-animal variances in dry matter intake (DMI) independent of variation in body size and productivity (e.g. growth, milk). In beef cattle, Herd and Arthur (2009) estimated that approximately one-third of the biological variation in RFI was due to inter-animal differences in digestion, heat increment, body composition, and activity, with the remaining variation associated with energy expenditure of metabolic processes. Given that RFI is independent of BW and level of production, it is an ideal trait for discovery of genomic regions (Rolf et al., 2011) and functional genes (Chen et al., 2011) associated with efficiency of feed utilization. Some variation in RFI may be caused by individual differences in immune system function. The immune system is an energetically expensive system. A previous study showed that metabolic heat production and oxygen consumption increased 20-30% in mice that were immunized with a relatively benign antigen (Demas et al., 1997). The objective of this work was to examine whether the genes associated with the immune system were differentially expressed by beef cattle with divergent RFI phenotypes.
Nicotine plasma levels in adult male ICR mouse after pre-treatment with vehicle or menthol in the withdrawal testing. (2015)

<p>*P<0.05 compared to vehicle/nicotine group.</p><p>Mice received nicotine (12 mg/kg/day) for 7 days. On day 8, mice were sacrificed and blood samples were drawn. Values are shown as mean ± S.E.M. (n = 6-8/group)</p>
Breast Cancer Markers (1982)

There has been considerable interest in the identification of markers for neoplasms of the human breast. Investigation has included the search for not only discrete molecular markers, but also tumor-specific antigens recognized by the tumor-bearing host and a variety of immune responses of the host that may be associated with carcinoma of the breast. In spite of a substantial body of study, it is fair to say that there is no generally accepted, well-validated, and highly effective single marker or set of markers for the diagnosis, monitoring, or therapy of breast carcinoma on the basis of assay of serum or other body fluids. Histopathological examination remains at the core of definitive diagnosis and prognosis.
Analysis of temperature-sensitive functions of Fos: lack of a correlation between transformation and TRE-dependent trans-activation. (1992)

We have identified and characterized a mutant v-Fos protein (DN16G) that is temperature sensitive for transformation. This protein contains an asparagine to glycine substitution at position 156 in the basic region encompassing the DNA contact site. This point mutation also strongly decreases trans-activation in a transient expression assay, using the collagenase 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-responsive element (TRE) as the target element. However, the apparent correlation between trans-activation and transformation does not hold in view of the observation that under certain temperature conditions (DN16G at 39.5 degrees C and E300 at 37 degrees C) both proteins showed similarly poor transactivation properties, but dramatically differed in their transforming potential. These findings clearly suggest that the activation of transcription via TREs as analysed in this study is not a crucial mechanism in Fos-induced transformation.
Numerical Study on Aerodynamic Performance of Beetle Flapping Wing (2011)

This paper presents three-dimensional aerodynamic performance of the hind wing in free forward flight. Three-dimensional wing kinematics as well as wing deformation is experimentally figured out Our results show that the camber plays a significant effect in improving an aerodynamic force in flapping. Meanwhile, the local corrugation pattern has no significant effect on the aerodynamic force.
Regulation by lipocalin‐2 of neuronal cell death, migration, and morphology (2011)

A secreted protein, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), has been previously shown to regulate a variety of cellular phenotypes such as cell death, migration, and morphology. The role of LCN2, however, appears to be different depending on the cellular context. Here, we investigated how LCN2 influences neuronal phenotypes by using primary cortical neuronal cell cultures and neuroblastoma cell lines as a model. When exposed to LCN2 protein, neurons and neuroblastoma cells were sensitized to cell death evoked by nitric oxide, oxidative stress, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). A forced expression of lcn2 in glia enhanced neuronal cell death in cocultures of glia and neurons, indicating that both exogenous protein addition and endogenous expression of lcn2 give rise to similar results. Iron and BCL2-interacting mediator of cell death (BIM) protein were involved in LCN2-induced cell death sensitization, based on the studies using iron donor, chelator, siderophore, and short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of bim expression. Furthermore, cell migration assay and immunofluorescence microscopic observation revealed that LCN2 accelerated neuronal motility and process extension, suggesting multiple roles for LCN2 in the regulation of neuronal cell death, migration, and morphology.
Novel Fibrous Catalyst in Advanced Oxidation of Photographic Processing Effluents (2006)

A novel fibrous catalyst was used to destroy the pollutants in Kodak Non-Silver-Bearing (NSB) photographic processing effluents with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) value. The oxidation activity of the catalyst was evaluated in terms of COD reduction of the effluent. The effects of concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and effluent, amount of catalyst, reaction time and temperature on the COD reduction were studied. In addition, the combination of catalysis with UV treatment on the COD reduction of the effluent was also investigated. Based on the experimental results, room temperature is preferred for the catalytic oxidation of NSB effluent. It was found that COD reduction of the effluent depends on the amount of hydrogen peroxide added to the feed in relation to the mass of catalyst used. Significant COD reduction (up to 52%) is achieved after 4 hours of catalytic treatment. Extending the duration of catalysis up to 24 hours gives further slight decrease in COD value.
P4‐197: Ceramic hydroxyapatite‐based phosphoprotein/peptide enrichment facilitates biochemical study of tau (2009)

Hyperphosphorylation of microtube-associated protein tau is one of the important aspects of Alzheimer's disease mechanism. Tau has up to 80 potential phosphosites but it is not clear how many and which phosphosites are abnormally phosphorylated in a specific brain region, and how it changes as the disease progresses. Mass spectrometry is a powerful tool to study protein phosphorylation and may be able to help address the questions. However, it requires enrichment of the phosphorylated peptides. In this study, we introduce a workflow where we applied a ceramic hydroxyapatite (CHT)-based method for tau phosphopeptide enrichment for mass spectrometry analysis. We packed 200 mg CHT type I 20 μm beads in a centrifuge tube. Protein sample (0.5 - 1.0 ml) prepared in CHT binding buffer was introduced and incubated for 10 min. The tube was centrifuged and the liquid phase was collected as unbound fraction. The CHT beads were then washed three times with CHT binding buffer. Proteins bound to the CHT beads were eluted stepwise in two different elution buffers. Using this protein fractionation method, we were able to enrich total tau proteins from the mouse brain protein extract. This method was then applied to enrich tau from brain tissues of a transgenic mouse over-expressing mutant human amyloid precursor protein at ages of 3-month or 12-month. The enriched tau proteins from the control and transgenic mice were immunoprecipitated with a monoclonal antibody against tau. The immuno-precipitants were then digested with trypsin. The phosphorylated peptides in the control and transgenic mouse samples were enriched once again by the CHT-based method. The phosphopeptides were then analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and the peptide mass profiles of tau protein were compared between the age-matched wild type and transgenic animals to examine the changes in tau protein phosphorylation. Our study demonstrated that CHT-based fractionation is an easy-to-use, fast and convenient method for phosphoprotein/peptide enrichment with high binding capacity. It could potentially be used to enrich highly-phophorylated proteins and facilitate the biochemical study of hyperphosphorylated tau in Alzheimer's disease.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATIVE CYANIERUNG AROMATISCHER AMINOXIDE (1970)

Abstract 1,6‐Naphthyridin‐1,6‐dioxid (I) läßt sich mit überschüssigem Kaliumferricyanid und Kaliumcyanid in Wasser oder verdünntem Alkohol in die Cyanierungsprodukte (II)‐(IV) überführen.
Dynamics of amino acid metabolism of primary human liver cells in 3D bioreactors (2006)

The kinetics of 18 amino acids, ammonia (NH3) and urea (UREA) in 18 liver cell bioreactor runs were analyzed and simulated by a two-compartment model consisting of a system of 42 differential equations. The model parameters, most of them representing enzymatic activities, were identified and their values discussed with respect to the different liver cell bioreactor performance levels. The nitrogen balance based model was used as a tool to quantify the variability of runs and to describe different kinetic patterns of the amino acid metabolism, in particular with respect to glutamate (GLU) and aspartate (ASP).