gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low complexity soft-input soft-output block decision feedback equalization (2008)

A low complexity soft-input soft-output (SISO) block decision feedback equalizer (BDFE) is presented for turbo equalization. The proposed method employs a sub-optimum sequence-based detection, where the soft-output of the equalizer is calculated by evaluating an approximation of the sequence-based a posteriori probability (APP) of the data symbol. The sequence-based APP approximation is enabled by the adoption of both soft a priori information and soft decision feedback, and it leads to better performance and faster convergence compared to symbol-based detection methods as used by most other low complexity equalizers. The performance and convergence property of the proposed algorithm is analyzed by using extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart. Both analytical and simulation results show that the new equalizer can achieve a performance similar to that of trellis-based equalization algorithms, with a complexity similar to linear SISO minimum mean square error equalizers.
Patch use by the greater glider (Petauroides volans) in a fragmented forest ecosystem. I. Home range size and movements (2004)

This paper examines home-range attributes of 40 greater gliders (Petauroides volans) in five patches of remnant eucalypt forest surrounded by stands of radiata pine (Pinus radiata) near Tumut in south-eastern Australia. Fixed-kernel smoothing methods were used to estimate home-range size for P. volans. For males, home-range size varied from 1.38–4.10 ha (mean = 2.6 ± 0.8 ha, n = 12) and was significantly larger (P < 0.05) than for females (1.26–2.97 ha, mean = 2.0 ± 0.6 ha, n = 11). Home-range size increased significantly with increasing patch size and reduced patch population density. Thus, small patches had more animals per unit area with smaller home ranges and greater home-range overlap. Our findings illustrate flexibility in the use of space by P. volans. Such results have not previously been reported for P. volans or any other species of arboreal marsupial. Considerable home-range overlap (at 95th percentile isopleth level) was observed between male and female P. volans. Pairs of females also exhibited home-range overlap. Males tended to maintain home ranges exclusive of other males, although some shared common areas. Contrary to the large variations observed in home-range area, core areas (50th isopleth) remained relatively constant, regardless of patch size, population density or sex. This may indicate that core areas are an essential requirement for individuals and resources they contain cannot be shared with congeners.
Mucosal Vaccination Against Encapsulated Respiratory Bacteria – New Potentials for Conjugate Vaccines? (2003)

Polysaccharide (PS)-encapsulated bacteria such as Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Neisseria meningitides (meningococcus) and group B streptococcus (GBS), cause a major proportion of disease in early childhood. Native PS vaccines are immunogenic and provide protection against disease in healthy adults but do not induce immunological memory. PSs are T-cell-independent antigens and do not elicit antibodies in infants and young children, but by conjugating PS to proteins they become T-cell dependent and immunogenic at an early age. Despite excellent efficacy of PS-protein conjugate vaccines against invasive disease, protection against mucosal infections such as pneumococcal otitis media has been less efficacious. Circulating PS-specific antibodies may protect against infections at mucosal sites, but mucosal immunoglobulin A antibodies may also contribute significantly to protection against mucosal infections. Mucosal immunization of experimental animals with conjugate vaccines against Hib, pneumococcus, meningococcus and GBS induces systemic and mucosal immune responses, which provide protection against carriage, otitis media and invasive disease in a variety of challenge models, providing new means for protection against encapsulated bacteria. In addition, mucosal immunization of neonatal mice with a pneumococcal conjugate and the nontoxic adjuvant LT-K63 has been superior to parenteral immunization in eliciting protective antibodies and PS-specific memory, and thus circumventing the limitations of antibody responses to PS that are responsible for enhanced susceptibility of neonates and infants to infections caused by encapsulated bacteria. Through T-cell dependent enhanced immunogenicity of PS-protein conjugate vaccines, mucosal immunization could be an attractive approach for early life immunization against encapsulated bacteria.
Influence of Prilled Fat and Calcium Salt of Palm Oil Fatty Acids on Ruminal Fermentation and Nutrient Digestibility (1988)

Four rumen cannulated Holstein cows were used in a Latin square design to examine the effect of supplemental calcium salt of palm oil fatty acids (.68 kg/d) or prilled fat (.68 or .91 kg/d) on DM intake, rumen fermentation, and nutrient digestibility. Basal diet contained 45% concentrate, 27.5% alfalfa silage, and 27.5% corn silage (DM basis), and treatments were balanced for calcium. Dry matter intake was similar among treatments. Ruminal pH, total VFA, and molar percentage acetate and propionate were not affected by fat supplementation. Feeding prilled fat decreased slightly ruminal molar percentage butyrate. Forage DM and neutral detergent fiber disappearance from ruminally suspended dacron bags did not differ due to treatment. For unknown reasons, total tract apparent digestibility of DM and NDF was lower when cows received the low amount but not the high amount of prilled fat. Milk yield and fat percentage were not significantly affected by treatment. Milk protein was maintained during prilled fat supplementation but decreased .13% during calcium salt of palm oil fatty acid supplementation. Both fat supplements appeared inert in the rumen and did not markedly affect nutrient digestion when supplemented at 3.5% or less of the total ration DM.
Multiframe-based bilateral motion estimation with emphasis on stationary caption processing for frame rate up-conversion (2008)

In this paper, we present a new motion compensated frame rate up-conversion algorithm that uses multiframes to enhance the accuracy of motion estimation. We also develop adaptive motion vector smoothing to correct outliers in a motion vector field. In addition, stationary caption processing is carried out for removing block artifacts from stationary captions. Finally, we propose adaptive-weighted bidirectional motion compensated interpolation to reduce object blurring. In experiments using benchmark test sequences, the proposed algorithm improves the average PSNR of interpolated frames by up to 5.34 dB compared to the conventional algorithm.
Efficient Resource Allocation for Cognitive Radio Networks with Cooperative Relays (2013)

Cognitive Radio (CR) is an attractive technology to deal with current spectrum scarcity problem, while cooperative relay can make distributed receivers benefit from spatial diversity and combat severe fading in wireless environment. CR with cooperative relay is potentially a promising paradigm for developing spectrum-efficient wireless systems. In this paper, we study the resource allocation in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based CR networks with cooperative relays. Since the formulated optimization task defines a mixed integer programming problem that is generally hard to solve, we propose a two-stage method to produce near optimal solutions. Particularly, by jointly considering the Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs) of OFDM subchannels and the interferences introduced to primary users, we propose an efficient subchannel assignment scheme for the CR system, as well as transmission mode selection strategy. Furthermore, we develop a fast algorithm to distribute power among subchannels, which can always work out the optimal power allocation with a reasonable complexity by exploiting the structure of the problem. Numerical results show that our proposal can significantly increase the throughput of the CR system compared with other schemes, and the proposed algorithm converges quickly and stably.
Nebulized gentamicin in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (1984)

Abstract A study of 29 children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis over 2 years showed some evidence of benefit from the twice daily inhalation of 20 mg nebulized gentamicin when compared to the inhalation of a nebulized saline mixture. Clinical symptoms, deterioration in pulmonary function, antibiotic usage, days in hospital and development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the sputum were recorded. There was no significant difference in antibiotic usage, days in hospital or clinical symptoms between the two regimes. Those subjects with P. aeruginosa in sputum showed significantly less deterioration in lung function over 2 years while using gentamicin aerosol. There was no difference in progress between the two treatment regimes for those subjects with P.aeruginosa in sputum at the beginning of the study, nor was there any difference in the number developing P. aeruginosa in sputum.
Low SNR Infrared Weak Target Image Segmentation Algorithm (2004)

Combining genetic algorithm with human visual apperception theory, a new multi-threshold image segmentation in complex background, i.e. an method of image threshold segmentation based on genetic algorithms, is discussed, which can distinguish changeable target backgrounds automatically and regulate the best segmenting region. Much more accurate results of segmentation and robustness are obtained which helps overcome drawbacks of traditional threshold methods. Computer emulation experiment shows that the performance of the algorithm provided above are satisfactory.
Apple Aphid Control, 1994 (1995)

Abstract This experiment was conducted in a 7-yr-old orchard with trees planted at a spacing of 6 × 20 ft. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with six single-tree replications. Insecticides were applied on 2 Aug with a Rears Pak-Blast airblast sprayer delivering 200 gpa. AA control was evaluated by counting the number of aphids on six randomly selected tagged shoots per treatment before application and 3 and 8 DAT.
Anakinra, a recombinant human interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (r‐metHuIL‐1ra), in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A large, international, multicenter, placebo‐controlled trial (2003)

Results from this large, placebo-controlled safety study demonstrate that anakinra is safe and well tolerated in a diverse population of patients with RA, including those with comorbid conditions and those using multiple combinations of concomitant therapies. Although the frequency of serious infection was slightly higher in the anakinra group, no infection was attributed to opportunistic microorganisms or resulted in death.
Fast subtree kernels on graphs (2009)

In this article, we propose fast subtree kernels on graphs. On graphs with n nodes\nand m edges and maximum degree d, these kernels comparing subtrees of height\nh can be computed in O(mh), whereas the classic subtree kernel by Ramon &amp;amp;amp;amp;\nGärtner scales as O(n24dh). Key to this efficiency is the observation that the\nWeisfeiler-Lehman test of isomorphism from graph theory elegantly computes a\nsubtree kernel as a byproduct. Our fast subtree kernels can deal with labeled graphs, scale up easily to large graphs and outperform state-of-the-art graph kernels\non several classification benchmark datasets in terms of accuracy and runtime.
Fast signal separation circuit for a high-speed signal integrity test system (2003)

This paper presents a fast test circuit that uses analog signal processing techniques to separate and measure the amplitude of one frequency component of a complex signal. It is intended for high volume test systems, and can be used for magnetic media evaluations, signal integrity and communication channels characterization.
High impedance fault detection device tester (1996)

High impedance or down conductor power system fault detection devices are now commercially available for evaluation. However, security and dependability of these devices can not be tested using conventional relay test apparatus and procedures. This paper presents a test apparatus and procedures for testing high impedance fault detection devices. The apparatus is capable of playing back, in real-time, waveforms selected from a data library, which includes seventy seven field recordings of high-impedance faults and feeder loads. Each recording is approximately five minutes long and stored in the form of digitized data sampled at 20 kHz.
Direct measurement of spin accumulation in a metallic mesoscopic structure (2003)

We report on measurements of the voltage between ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic contacts generated by spin injection in a mesoscopic metallic structure fabricated by electron-beam lithography. Our results can be accounted for by introducing parameters derived from giant magnetoresistance experiments (with current flowing perpendicular to the planes) into theoretical expressions of spin accumulation. We confirm the unified picture of both phenomena recently obtained at the University of Groningen. Our results also show the limitation of the signal amplitude that can be reached by spin accumulation in purely metallic devices.
932. Novel reactions of some α-acyloxy-acid halides. Part II. Some further examples (1964)

A. R. Mattocks, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 4840 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640004840
A Simple active attack against TCP (1995)

This paper describes an active attack against the Transport Control Protocol (TCP) which allows a cracker to redirect the TCP stream through his machine thereby permitting him to bypass the protection offered by such a system as a one-time password [SKEY] or ticketing authentication [Kerberos]. The TCP connection is vulnerable to anyone with a TCP packet sniffer and generator located on the path followed by the connection. Some schemes to detect this attack are presented as well as some methods of prevention and some interesting details of the TCP protocol behaviors. 1 Introduction Passive attacks using sniffers are becoming more and more frequent on the Internet. The attacker obtains a user id and password that allows him to logon as that user. In order to prevent such attacks people have been using identification schemes such as one-time password [SKEY] or ticketing identification [Kerberos]. Though they prevent password sniffing on an unsecure network these methods are still vulne...
Checkpoint Inhibitors and Urothelial Carcinoma: The Translational Paradigm. (2016)

The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors as effective cancer immunotherapy has effectively built a new “highway” connecting the promise of oncologic translational research to progress in treating advanced malignancies.
Metropolitan governance in Toronto beyond the amalgamation era : quo vadis? (2005)

The then Toronto Metropolitan Council was Canada's largest municipality, and the oldest metropolitan government in North America. It was viewed as the model for metropolitan governance internationally. It was replaced by a new, unified, single municipality on 1 January 1998 consisting of all the former seven municipalities. The new City in 2004 had an operating budget of $6.7b.cdn and was larger than seven of the ten Canadian provinces. It has a total staff complement of approximately 47 000 employees and the population in 2003 was 2,5 million.
The unicity concept was opposed by the local politicians and the citizenry at large. This has to be viewed against a background of general opposition to many policies of the then Ontario Progressive Conservative Government, a neo-conservative Thatcherite style government. The then Mayor and senior staff in 1999 claimed that amalgamation resulted in savings of $150m.cdn. resulting from the reduction of departments, staff, information technology systems, office space, the corporate fleet and the City Service Boards. The presumed savings were doubted at the time. Subsequently undisputed research has shown that amalgamation alone resulted in a shortfall of at least $240m.cdn. The downloading of responsibilities by the provincial government meant the City had to assume significant additional responsibilities and the concommitant costs, notably in the areas of public transit, public housing, health and ambulance services. The Ontario Provincial Government provided a supposed once-off grant of $50m.cdn. and a $200m.cdn. loan to offset these costs.
The Toronto elections held on the 10 November 2003 differed radically from the two previous post amalgamation elections as a number of issues were addressed in the campaign, namely homelessness, rebuilding the transit system; eradicating corruption; financial sustainability and generating new sources of revenue; developing a formal intergovernmental framework for engaging the Provincial and Federal government and decisive action on the development of the waterfront. The main election policy was over the construction of a proposed bridge to link an island, which contained a small but controversial commercial airport. A key challenge for the new Mayor was to re-establish Toronto first as a pre-eminent city in the country and North America and transforming it into a globally competitive city internationally.
Double-J stents: they're not trouble free. (2002)

Double-J stents, the preferred treatment for relieving obstructed ureters, are now so comfortable that patients, and their caregivers, may forget they have them. But, they're not without risk. Here's how you can help prevent, spot, and troubleshoot problems that can arise in patients who have them.
Stratifying Patients with Haematuria into High or Low Risk Groups for Bladder Cancer: a Novel Clinical Scoring System (2013)

Haematuria is a common presentation of bladder cancer and requires a full urologic evaluation. This study aimed to develop a scoring system capable of stratifying patients with haematuria into high or low risk groups for having bladder cancer to help clinicians decide which patients need more urgent assessment. This cross- sectional study included all adult patients referred for haematuria and subsequently undergoing full urological evaluation in the years 2001 to 2011. Risk factors with strong association with bladder cancer in the study population were used to design the scoring system. Accuracy was determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. A total of 325 patients with haematuria were included, out of which 70 (21.5%) were diagnosed to have bladder cancer. Significant risk factors associated with bladder cancer were male gender, a history of cigarette smoking and the presence of gross haematuria. A scoring system using 4 clinical parameters as variables was created. The scores ranged between 6 to 14, and a score of 10 and above indicated high risk for having bladder cancer. It was found to have good accuracy with an area under the ROC curve of 80.4%, while the sensitivity and specificity were 90.0% and 55.7%, respectively. The scoring system designed in this study has the potential to help clinicians stratify patients who present with haematuria into high or low risk for having bladder cancer. This will enable high-risk patients to undergo urologic assessment earlier.
Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Alkaloid Chemistry (1983)

C-11, 45.0 44.8 44.2 C-12' 46.5 46.5 46.0 C-13' 46.7 46.5 46.0 55.5 56.4 55.5(a) Recorded for the dihydrochloride of A and the dihydrobromides of B and C in deuterivm oxide;no internal standard reported (b)(c) Ambiguous assignments 3. Pyridine and Piperidine Alkaloids The spin-lattice relaxation times were studied to determine the conformation of nicotine (Q) in solution (17).The H(2')-C(Z')-C(3)-C(2) dihedral angle is approximately zero degrees.The shift assignments for nicotine (a) and nornicotine (a) were reported earlier (18).See Table 3.Table 3.(a) Carbon -
Differential proliferative response of fetal and adult human skin fibroblasts to transforming growth factor‐β (2004)

Since pronounced differences exist between the fetal and adult repair processes, we studied the proliferative response of skin fibroblasts from these two stages to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), a cytokine with a broad range of activities in tissue repair. Here, we present evidence that TGF-beta inhibits fetal human skin fibroblasts, while it is stimulatory for adult ones. This proliferative effect of TGF-beta was found to be concentration- dependent, but isoform-independent. Furthermore, even a transient exposure of the cells to this growth factor was sufficient to exert its stimulatory or inhibitory action. Accordingly, we have studied the immediate responses provoked by TGF-beta in major signaling pathways, and we have found that it induces a rapid activation of the SMAD pathway, i.e., phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of SMAD2, followed by dephosphorylation, most probably due to degradation by the proteasome. However, similar intensity and kinetics of this activation have been observed in both fetal and adult fibroblasts. On the other hand, curcumin, a natural product with wound healing properties that inhibits several intracellular signaling pathways, was found to completely abrogate the inhibitory effect of TGF-beta1 on human fetal skin fibroblasts, without affecting the stimulatory action on fibroblasts from adult donors. In conclusion, there is a major radical in the proliferative response of fetal and adult human skin fibroblasts to TGF-beta, possibly reflecting the different repair strategies followed in these two stages of development.
Causes of death in colonial doctors. (1978)

The causes of death in 910 New Zealand doctors, 1840-1910, are given . Natural causes were the most frequent reason for death with pulmonary tuberculosis being important. Other leading causes of death were accident or violence, alcoholism, drug taking and suicide.
Regarding the Sound Quality of Violins and a Scientific Basis for Violin Construction (1957)

Response curves, important both for steady sound and transients, give a far-reaching insight into the objective characteristics of violins: good ones exhibit large amplitudes at low frequencies and small ones at high frequencies, a broad minimum near about 1500 cps, and larger amplitudes between about 2000 and 3000 cps. The musical subjective significance of these physical properties is mentioned briefly. In general, the sound pressure radiated from a violin follows the inverse-distance law, being independent of frequency. The influence of wood thickness is very important, that of the varnish is comparably small. Pine has a greater damping at high frequencies than at low frequencies. This seems to be a good acoustical reason for making important parts of stringed instruments of pine. Sapwood is better than heartwood. Similarly, some kinds of varnish produce more damping at high frequencies than at low frequencies. If a resonance curve is to be imitated in detail, it is necessary to change carefully the wood thickness of certain parts of the violin body. The applicability of present-day scientific knowledge to the construction of violins is here outlined.
Long-term safety and efficacy of polyurethane foam-covered breast implants (2006)

Polyurethane foam-covered implants result in long-term reduction in the risk of capsular contracture and appear to have a safety profile similar to other silicone gel-filled devices.
A study of a cylindrical, pulsed, solid fuel microthruster. (1973)

Thesis (E.A.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1973.
Orlistat: current status in clinical therapeutics (2009)

Orlistat's unique mechanism of action, beneficial effects on multiple co-morbidity surrogates and relatively mild adverse effect and drug interaction profile position it favorably as the first option for pharmacotherapy in comprehensive obesity management of adults and children.