gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of stress-dependent oxide growth at convex and concave corners of trench structures (1989)

A numerical simulation of oxide thinning at convex and concave corners of trench structures is discussed. The stress effect on the oxide growth is modeled by solving oxidation kinetic equations including stress-dependent physical parameters. The different mechanism for oxide thinning at both corners has been clearly revealed by a comparison of oxide shapes obtained by cross-sectional transmission electron microscope (TEM) photographs and simulations. The oxide thinning at convex corners is caused by the stress-dependent surface reaction, and the oxide thinning at concave corners is caused by the stress-dependent oxidant diffusion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A method for approximating the characteristic impedance of coaxial lines in which the inner conductor is circular and the outer polygonal (1989)

An elementary formula for the determination of the characteristic impedance of coaxial transmission lines whose inner and outer conductors have circular and polygonal cross sections, respectively, is given. This formula is both conceptually and computationally simpler than others, and it also allows upper and lower bounds for the exact value to be obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PCR‐based detection of <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pathovars in <i>Brassica</i> seed (2005)

Xanthomonas campestris is a seedborne bacterium that causes black rot of crucifers. Substantial crop losses may result from the rapid spread of the bacteria under favourable conditions, especially those occurring during seedling production. A PCR‐based method has been developed for the rapid and sensitive detection of the pathovars of X. campestris that affect crucifers. Primers were designed to specifically amplify a 619 bp fragment of the hrpF gene from X. campestris . Amplification products were not detected from other Xanthomonas species, or from other pathogenic or epiphytic bacteria occurring on these plants. To avoid false‐negative results arising from the presence of amplification inhibitors in plant extracts, primers targeting a 360 bp section of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from Brassica spp. were included in a multiplex PCR. The assay readily detected X. campestris pv. campestris infections in diseased plants and from bacterial colonies isolated on growth media, and was more sensitive and specific than traditional plating methods and a commercially available ELISA. A seed‐washing protocol was optimized to allow the detection of a single artificially infected seed among 10 000 healthy seeds using the multiplex PCR.
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition during extravillous trophoblast differentiation (2016)

A successful pregnancy depends on the intricate and timely interactions of maternal and fetal cells. Placental extravillous cytotrophoblast invasion involves a cellular transition from an epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype. Villous cytotrophoblasts undergo a partial epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) when differentiating into extravillous cytotrophoblasts and gain the capacity to migrate and invade. This review summarizes our current knowledge regarding known regulators of EMT in the human placenta, including the inducers of EMT, upstream transcription factors that control EMT and the downstream effectors, cell adhesion molecules and their differential expression and functions in pregnancy pathologies, preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR). The review also describes the research strategies that were used for the identification of the functional role of EMT targets in vitro. A better understanding of molecular pathways driven by placental EMT and further elucidation of signaling pathways underlying the developmental programs may offer novel strategies of targeted therapy for improving feto-placental growth in placental pathologies including PE and FGR.
Active contour models: overview, implementation and applications (2002)

A brief overview of deformable contour models, called snakes, is presented. These energy-minimizing curves are constrained by internal continuity forces (tension and bending) and guided by external image forces toward features. Such a tool can be used in areas such as edge detection, motion tracking, and stereo matching and more generally to solve problems of matching a deformable model to an image by means of energy minimization. The convergence speed has been improved by using parametric B-spline approximations of the curves; the model is called B-snakes. As this approximation can control the degree of continuity at the joints between adjacent curve segments, the B-snakes can have breakpoints and include corners. B-snakes have been applied to the extraction of building tops from aerial images, once a first estimate is obtained from a traditional stereo process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of Myelin Water Fraction in Cross-Regularized T1-Relaxograms of Normal White Matter at 3T and 7T and of Normal-Appearing White Matter at 3T (2009)

Introduction: The continuous distribution analysis (inverse Laplace transform, ILT) of inversion recovery (IR) human brain data acquired at 4T with a low flip angle (5°), short TE (ca. 8ms) and geometrically spaced TIs yields a T1-relaxogram that includes a small fraction of water relaxing with a short T1 (ca. 100-200 ms) [1]. The histogram of this water fraction exhibits a bimodal distribution corresponding to GM (ca. 5%) and WM (ca. 12%), which was attributed to the myelin water fraction (MWF) trapped between myelin bilayers [2]. At long TE (56 ms) and ultra short TIs (≥4 ms), Prantner et al. [3] detected a small (3.4%) rapidly relaxing component (44Hz) in rat gray matter due to cross-relaxation of water with immobile protons. The use of relatively long adiabatic pulses in human studies at high field prohibits such detection at ultra short TI. To minimize the effects of cross-relaxation at short TE (7 ms), we have suggested performing an ILT based estimation of the inversion efficiency prior to the analysis [4]. In this study, we explore the MWF in IR brain data from a volunteer at 3T and 7T and in the NAWM of an MS-patient at 3T.
Measurement of quetiapine and four quetiapine metabolites in human plasma by LC‐MS/MS (2012)

There is interest in monitoring plasma concentrations of N-desalkylquetiapine in relation to antidepressant effect. A simple LC-MS/MS method for quetiapine and four metabolites in human plasma (50 μL) has been developed to measure concentrations of these compounds attained during therapy. Analytes and internal standard (quetiapine-d8) were extracted into butyl acetate-butanol (10:1, v/v) and a portion of the extract analysed by LC-MS/MS (100 × 2.1 mm i.d. Waters Spherisorb S5SCX; eluent: 50 mmol/L methanolic ammonium acetate, pH* 6.0; flow-rate 0.5 mL/min; positive ion APCI-SRM, two transitions per analyte). Assay calibration (human plasma calibrators) was linear across the ranges studied (quetiapine and N-desalkylquetiapine 5-800, quetiapine sulfoxide 100-15,000, others 2-100 µg/L). Assay validation was as per FDA guidelines. Quetiapine sulfone was found to be unstable and to degrade to quetiapine sulfoxide. In 47 plasma samples from patients prescribed quetiapine (prescribed dose 200-950 mg/day), the (median, range) concentrations found (µg/L) were: quetiapine 83 (7-748), N-desalkylquetiapine, 127 (7-329), O-desalkylquetiapine 12 (2-37), 7-hydroxyquetiapine 3 (<1-48), and quetiapine sulfoxide 3,379 (343-21,704). The analyte concentrations found were comparable to those reported by others except that the concentrations of the sulfoxide were markedly higher. The reason for this discrepancy in unclear.
Adapting S. cerevisiae Chemical Genomics for Identifying the Modes of Action of Natural Compounds (2012)

Natural compounds have been largely excluded from characterization via high-throughput profiling strategies due to their limited abundance. Herein, I describe the modification of high-throughput yeast chemical genomic (CG) interaction profiling to permit identifying the modes of action of natural compounds. The previous assay proceeded by evaluating the genome-wide yeast deletion collection for drug-hypersensitivity in a volume of 0.7mL. Compound consumption was minimized with the adapted approach by reducing the assay volume 70% through simplifying the complexity of the yeast deletion pool screened. By recreating each yeast mutant in a drug-hypersensitive background, I created a novel resource that increases compound efficiency and further diminishes compound use. Evaluating a series of characterized compounds analyzed previously by the traditional CG approach validated the adaptations incorporated did not negatively affect the quality of data yielded. Ultimately, this modified strategy will be used to screen thousands of natural compounds contained within the RIKEN NPDepo library.
Robustness Measures and Optimization Strategies for Multi-Objective Robust Design (2020)

A significant step to engineering design is to take into account uncertainties and to develop optimal designs that are robust with respect to perturbations. Furthermore, it is often of interest to optimize for different conflicting objective functions describing the quality of a design, leading to a multi-objective optimization problem. In this context, generating methods for solving multi-objective optimization problems seek to find a representative set of solutions fulfilling the concept of Pareto optimality. When multiple uncertain objective functions are involved, it is essential to define suitable measures for robustness that account for a combined effect of uncertainties in objective space. Many tasks in engineering design include the solution of an underlying partial differential equation that can be computationally expensive. Thus, it is of interest to use efficient strategies for finding optimal designs. This research aims to present suitable measures for robustness in a multi-objective context, as well as optimization strategies for multi- objective robust design. This work introduces new ideas for robustness measures in the context of multi- objective robust design. Losses and expected losses based on distances in objective space are used to describe robustness. A direct formulation and a two-phase formulation based on expected losses are proposed for finding a set of robust optimal solutions. Furthermore, suitable optimization strategies for solving the resulting multi-objective robust design problem are formulated and analyzed. The multi-objective optimization problem is solved with a constraint-based approach that is based on solving several constrained single-objective optimization problems with a hybrid optimization strategy. The hybrid method combines a global search method on a surrogate model with adjoint- based optimization methods. In the context of optimization with an underlying partial differential equation, a one-shot approach is extended to handle additional constraints. The developed concepts for multi-objective robust design and the proposed optimiza- tion strategies are applied to an aerodynamic shape optimization problem. The drag coefficient and the lift coefficient are optimized under the consideration of uncertain- ties in the operational conditions and geometrical uncertainties. The uncertainties are propagated with the help of a non-intrusive polynomial chaos approach. For increasing the efficiency when considering a higher-dimensional random space, it is made use of a Karhunen-Loève expansion and a dimension-adaptive sparse grid quadrature.
Synthesis research of novel pour point depressant of crude oil (2011)

A novel pour point depressants(PPD)with universality,cost-effectiveness and environment-friend is a new growth point of market for the oil pipelines.The objective to modify the conventional PPD is to introduce the polar group into it,for instance,the graft modif ication of EVA,alcoholysizing and aminolysizing of maleic anhydride.The PPDs with novel molecular structures' have been synthesized,such as nitrogenous polymer,fumarate copolymer,pentaerythritol stearate,conjugated diene hydrogenated and star structure copolymer.Some of the PPDs exhibit sound availability in oil pipelines.From the viewpoint of molecular design,the role of microcosmic structural units of different products in laboratory during depressing the set point of crude oil is described,that is,a certain amount of the aromatic ring can enhance the interaction between PPD and asphaltene to inhibit the growth of wax crystal;the polyampholyte with regular structure can contribute to the dispersion of wax crystal and the star structure can produce a symmetric space structure to make the wax crystal to form wax spherulites.Results show that the new monomers in pentaerythritol stearate,pyromellitic anhydride,etc.can be taken as molecular structures to utilize in PPD structure design,which is a best biodiversity for the PPD researchers.
A Study on Role Conception and Job Satisfaction of Clinical Nurses (1996)

This study was to analyze role conception and job satisfaction of clinical nurses by using questionnaire as designed by Corwin and Paula. For this study questionnaires from 422 nurses working at three university hospitals in Seoul were collected during September 11 to 24, 1995. Statistical analyses were done by the SPSS. The techniques used in this study inclued Chi-square test, Pearson correlation coefficients, t-test, ANOVA. For the reliability of the questionnaire, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Role conception of the subjects Five Likert scale variables were used to measure role conception including professional aspect, task aspect, and bureaucratic aspect. The variables measured and their means are as follows; Total mean score for role conception was 4.2. Role conception from professional aspect(4.29); task aspect(4.18): bureaucratic aspect(4.09). 2. Job satisfaction of the subjects Five Likert scale variables were used to measure job satisfaction. The variables measured and their means are as follows; Total mean score for job satisfaction was 2.98. Job satisfaction from interaction (3.49): professinal status(3.19): autonomy(3.17): nurse-doctor relationship(2.90): task requirement(2.82): administration(2.32): salary (2.12). 3. The relationship between general characteristics and role conception. There were statistically significant differences in age(F=5.465, p
Integrated cell and frame switching in ATM networks (1999)

Based on the per-VC queueing architecture, we propose a new technology to integrate cell and frame switching in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks. We demonstrate that we can switch both fixed-length cells and variable-length frames inside the same switch at the same time. The insight is to recognize that we can store not only fixed-length cells, but also variable-length frames in each VC queue. The seamless integration of frame switching with cell switching will have a potential of merging frame relay with ATM.
Real-Time High-Accuracy Micropipette Aspiration for Characterizing Mechanical Properties of Biological Cells (2007)

This paper presents a micropipette aspiration system and a cell contour visual tracking algorithm for realtime, high-accuracy mechanical characterization of individual cells. The computer vision tracking algorithm measures cell deformation parameters in real time (30Hz) with a resolution down to 0.21 pixel, significantly enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of the micropipette aspiration technique. Representing another advantage over manual measurements in terms of characterization accuracies, the micropipette aspiration system features precise synchronization between cell deformations and applied pressure changes. Experimental results on both solid-like cells (interstitial cells) and liquid-like cells (neutrophils) demonstrate the effectiveness of the system and the visual tracking algorithm. Among several characterized mechanical parameters, the viscoelastic properties of porcine aortic valve interstitial cells were, for the first time, quantified in this study.
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy: An Appraisal of the Current Epidemic in the United Kingdom (1993)

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a food-borne infection of cattle caused by the use of contaminated meat and bone meal in concentrated feeds. The UK epidemic was initiated by a sudden exposure to infection in 1981-1982, which was associated with a dramatic reduction in the use of organic solvents in the manufacture of meat and bone meal. This change almost certainly removed two partial disinfection steps and allowed enough contamination with a scrapie-like agent to infect cattle. Although it is assumed that the epidemic originated with scrapie infection crossing the species barrier, cattle-to-cattle recycling of infection, via feed, amplified the epidemic very considerably. There would have been a strong tendency for recycling to select a single cattle-adapted strain of agent, and this strain of BSE could well be different from scrapie. There is evidence to support both predictions. Because the median incubation period of BSE is 4-6 years, clinical cases did not appear until 1985-1986, by which time the recycling of infection in cattle was probably well established. However, the average food-borne exposure to infection has remained low resulting in a mainly sporadic occurrence of BSE. Signs of an imminent decline in the epidemic were unmistakable early in 1993, which is over 4 years after the feeding of ruminant-derived protein was banned to prevent new infections of cattle.
Scoring points : how Tesco is winning customer loyalty (2003)

Contents About the authors Foreword Acknowledgements Introduction 1. Questions of loyalty In the beginning What is loyalty? The secrets of success Is customer loyalty genuine? 2. Making loyalty pay The economics of loyalty marketing Playing a zero sum game The foundations of a loyalty scheme Four loyalty 'currencies' Does a loyalty programme pay? 3. Clubcard on trial The trials Tesco and loyalty in history Project Omega The DNA of loyalty Rediscovering the customer 4. Because we can The national launch The need for speed Electronic Green Shield Stamps catch on What made the launch a success? 5. Every little helped The Clubcard effect The loyalty contract The first quarterly mailing Waiting for the zero sum effect Maintaining momentum 6. Data, lovely data Drinking from the fire hose Measuring customer loyalty The problems with data warehouses Making a warehouse work What Tesco learnt about data 7. Four christmases a year The Banana Man of Worcester To mail, or not to mail? Auditing the Clubcard statement Licensed to print money What Tesco learnt about mail 8. The quarterly me Clubcard Magazine Segmenting the magazine Keeping the magazine fresh 9. You are what you eat Five years of work Five problems for the data to solve The loyalty cube Discovering that you are what you eat Baskets become Buckets Buckets become Lifestyles 10. Lifestyles become habits Using all the data The Rolling Ball Shopping habits Segments at work 11. Launching a bank Clubcard Plus Outbanking the banks The bank of Tesco Sainsbury's bites back A new way of banking The Clubcard effect in a new business 12. Babies, beauty and wine Strengthening the bond The inner circle Baby Club Clubcard pizza What Tesco learnt about 'sub-clubs' 13. A bigger deal Partners for Clubcard Solo, shared and outsourced The early Clubcard partnerships Clubcard deals Deals becomes Freetime 14. From mouse to house 'It's our job to make home shopping work' Tesco on the Internet Real shoppers, real stores, real advantage The bubble that didn't burst How it's different online Becoming a non-food e-tailer How Clubcard helped Tesco.com 15. Five challenges for the future Ten years on Can Clubcard become a global scheme? Can Clubcard remain the most popular loyalty programme in the UK? Can Clubcard make promotions work better? Can Clubcard issue instant rewards? Can Clubcard help Tesco's suppliers? The customer contract renewed Index
New Polymer Networks for PDLC Films Application (2012)

PDLCs have been prepared by two general methods: one in which the system remains heterogeneous during the process, and another in which the system becomes heterogeneous. The first case includes the solvent induced phase separation (SIPS): the LC is mechanically dispersed in solution of a polymer. After evaporation of the solvent, the composite structure obtained is stabilised because of the polymer morphology, but is poorly controlled due to a coalescence of droplets during the preparation process. The second case is called thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) or polymerisation induced phase separation (PIPS)1.
MORE HANDELIANA (1953)

Journal Article MORE HANDELIANA Get access WILLIAM C. SMITH WILLIAM C. SMITH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume XXXIV, Issue 1, January 1953, Pages 11–24, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/XXXIV.1.11 Published: 01 January 1953
Bicycle Injuries in Children (1988)

Introduction Bicycles are an ubiquitous part of growing up for most children. Riding a two-wheeler is an important developmental milestone in the life of a child. Bicycles offer children a sense of accomplishment and, for the older child and adolescent, a feeling of freedom and mobility. Bicycle riding, a habit acquired in childhood, also has become an important source of physical exercise for many adults. With the joys of bicycling come some hazards, however.
Web labs for the Standard Template Library and the Java generic library in a CS2 course (1999)

This paper describes a suite of laboratory experiments for a CS2 course. The main thrust of the experiments is to promote an understanding of a container-class library: the Standard Template Library for C++ or the Java Generic Library for Java. All of the experiments are stored on the World Wide Web, and students have considerable latitude on when each experiment must be completed.
La sindrome delle apnee ostruttive nel sonno nel paziente con stroke: la terapia con CPAP (2016)

L’associazione fra sindrome delle apnee ostruttive nel sonno (OSAHS) e stroke e oggetto di un crescente interesse e di numerose ricerche. L’OSAHS e un importante fattore di rischio per un’aumentata incidenza di stroke nella popolazione generale, la sua prevalenza nella malattia cerebrovascolare (CVD) acuta e molto alta e oltre ad influenzare il recupero neurologico e un fattore di rischio per recidiva. La diagnosi e terapia dell’OSAHS in prevenzione primaria e secondaria della malattia cerebrovascolare acuta sono da tempo raccomandate nei documenti prodotti dalle Associazioni Scientifiche. Scopo del presente lavoro e stato una revisione della letteratura sulla terapia con pressione positiva nelle vie aeree superiori (CPAP) nei pazienti con stroke ed OSAHS: la CPAP, trattamento di scelta finalizzato ad un miglior recupero neurologico ma soprattutto a ridurre la frequenza della recidiva dell’evento cardiovascolare acuto, non e sempre facile da perseguire con successo e gli outcome di questa opzione terapeutica dipendono strettamente dai criteri di selezione del paziente, dal timing in cui viene avviata la terapia, dall’esperienza e competenza del centro che prende in carico il paziente.