gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photo‐oxidation of polypropylene films. VI. Possible UV‐stabilization mechanisms (1972)

Abstract The effects of the chemical nature, concentration, stability, and location of various additives on the ultraviolet stability of polypropylene are discussed. It is shown that effective stabilizers of thin films do not depend on UV absorption for their protective action, whereas some relatively inefficient additives operate solely as UV screeners. Adequate UV protection was observed when small amounts (∼0.01 wt‐%) of effective stabilizers were concentrated in or on the surfaces of commercial films, and the remaining bulk of the film contained only a very low concentration (∼0.01 wt‐%) of uniformly blended additive. Previous attempts at demonstrating energy‐transfer stabilization of the polymer are discussed with reference to the present data; it is concluded that effective polypropylene stabilizers probably operate by a combination of chromophore quenching, radical scavenging, and hydroperoxide decomposition.
One‐Step Preparation of Organosiloxane‐Derived Silica Particles (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Results Discussion Conclusion
Superimposing memory by dynamic and spatial changing synaptic weights (2003)

A novel neural network model is presented for incremental learning tasks where networks are required to learn new knowledge without forgetting the old. An essential core of the proposed neural network structure is its dynamic and spatial changing weights (DSCWs). A learning scheme is developed for the formulation of the dynamic changing weights, while a structural adaptation is formulated by the spatial changing (growing) connecting weights. As the new. synaptic connections are formed, a new network structure is superimposed on the previous structure. In this superimposition, to avoid disturbing the past knowledge due to the creation of new connections, a restoration mechanism is introduced by using the DSCWs. The usefulness of the proposed model is demonstrated by using pattern classification and system identification tasks.
Some special features of combusting the coal-water fuel made of Belarussian brown coals in the fluidized bed (2014)

This paper deals with the special features of combusting the coal-water fuel prepared on the basis of Belarussian brown coals and anthracite culm (Ukraine) in a fluidized bed. The sequence and the duration (calculated from the mathematical model being suggested) of the stages of the combustion of the coal-water fuel depending on the type of source solid fuel and fluidized bed temperature were experimentally confirmed. The temperature and time dependences of the content of sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon oxides in flue gases were studied.
REDUCTIVE ALKYLATION OF ACRYLONITRILES AND ACRYLATES (1974)

In the presence of activated metals , secondary alkyl iodides and bromides react with olefins conjugated with electron withdrawing groups, in particular acrylonitriles and acrylates, to give the corresponding product (III) of reductive addition.
Genetic Characterization and Virulence Role of the RALP3/LSA Locus Upstream of the Streptolysin S Operon in Invasive M1T1 Group A<i>Streptococcus</i> (2006)

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a leading human pathogen associated with a wide spectrum of mucosal and invasive infections. GAS expresses a large number of virulence determinants whose expression is under the control of several transcriptional regulatory networks. Here we performed the first mutational analysis of a genetic locus immediately upstream of the streptolysin S biosynthetic operon in several GAS genome sequences, including that of the M1T1 serotype, the leading isolates associated with serious invasive disease. The locus consists of a predicted RofA-like stand-alone transcriptional regulator (RALP3) and the largest open reading frame in the GAS genome, encoding a predicted LPXSG motif cell wall-anchored protein we have named LSA (for "large surface-anchored" protein). Comparative reverse transcription-PCR analysis of wild-type M1T1 GAS and an isogenic RALP3-deficient mutant identifies RALP3 as a global transcriptional regulator affecting expression of numerous virulence factor genes, including those for strong repression of the hyaluronic acid capsule and cysteine protease production. RALP3 contributed to GAS epithelial cell invasion and bloodstream survival. LSA was found to be under negative regulation by RALP3 and to influence GAS-epithelial cell interactions and GAS antimicrobial peptide sensitivity. Isogenic M1T1 GAS mutants lacking either RALP3 or LSA were attenuated in a murine model of systemic infection, indicating that this locus plays a role in the virulence potential of the organism.
Enzymes active in the areas undergoing cartilage resorption during the development of the secondary ossification center in the tibiae of rats aged 0–21 days. II. Two proteinases, gelatinase B and collagenase‐3, are implicated in the lysis of collagen fibrils (2001)

In the transformation of the cartilaginous epiphysis into bone, the first indication of change in the surfaces destined for resorption is the cleavage of aggrecan core protein by unidentified matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (Lee et al., this issue). In cartilage areas undergoing resorption, the cleavage leaves as superficial, 6-microm-thick band of matrix, referred to as "pre-resorptive layer." This layer harbors G1-fragments of the aggrecan core protein within a framework of collagen-rich fibrils exhibiting various stages of degeneration. Investigation of this layer in every resorption area by gelatin histozymography and TIMP-2 histochemistry demonstrates the presence of an MMP whose histozymographic activity is inhibited by such a low dose of the inhibitor CT1746 as to identify it as gelatinase A or B. Attempts at blocking the histozymographic reactions with neutralizing antibodies capable of inhibiting either gelatinase A or B reveals that only those against gelatinase B do so. Immunostaining of sections with anti-gelatinase B IgG confirms the presence of gelatinase B in every pre-resorptive layer, that is, at the blind end of excavated canals (stage I; 6-day-old rats), at sites along the walls of the forming marrow space (stage II; 7days), at sites within the walls of this space as it becomes the ossification center (stage III; 9 days) and along the wall of the maturing center (stage IV; 10-21 days). We also report the presence of collagenase-3 in precisely the same sites, possibly as active enzyme, but this remains to be proven. Because the results reveal that collagenase-3 is present beside gelatinase B in every pre-resorptive layer and, because these sites exhibit various signs of degradation including fibrillar debris, reduction in fibril number, or overt loss, we propose that gelatinase B and collagenase-3 mediate the lysis of this pre-resorptive layer-most likely through a cooperative attack leading to the disintegration of the collagen fibril framework.
Blazeispirol A, a chemotaxonomic marker from mycelia of the medicinal mushroom Agaricus subrufescens (2017)

International audience
Improved selectivity of double quantum coherence filtering for the detection of glutathione in the human brain in vivo (2001)

An improved double quantum coherence (DQC) filter for the selective in vivo detection of glutathione (GSH) in the human brain at 1.5 Tesla is presented. The goal was to minimize contamination of the DQC-filtered GSH signal at 2.9 ppm with contributions arising from GABA. The modification consists of tailoring the frequency response of the read pulse, which converts DQC into anti-phase single quantum coherence in such a way that the GABA beta and gamma resonances at 3.0 and 1.9 ppm, respectively, remain unaffected. An implementation incorporating a Dante pulse train is used for in vitro tests as well as for in vivo applications. Magn Reson Med 45:708-710, 2001.
SoRT2: a tool for sorting genomes and reconstructing phylogenetic trees by reversals, generalized transpositions and translocations (2010)

SoRT(2) is a web server that allows the user to perform genome rearrangement analysis involving reversals, generalized transpositions and translocations (including fusions and fissions), and infer phylogenetic trees of genomes being considered based on their pairwise genome rearrangement distances. It takes as input two or more linear/circular multi-chromosomal gene (or synteny block) orders in FASTA-like format. When the input is two genomes, SoRT(2) will quickly calculate their rearrangement distance, as well as a corresponding optimal scenario by highlighting the genes involved in each rearrangement operation. In the case of multiple genomes, SoRT(2) will also construct phylogenetic trees of these genomes based on a matrix of their pairwise rearrangement distances using distance-based approaches, such as neighbor-joining (NJ), unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and Fitch-Margoliash (FM) methods. In addition, if the function of computing jackknife support values is selected, SoRT(2) will further perform the jackknife analysis to evaluate statistical reliability of the constructed NJ, UPGMA and FM trees. SoRT(2) is available online at http://bioalgorithm.life.nctu.edu.tw/SORT2/.
ENZYME COMPLEMENTATION IN MIXED EXTRACTS OF MUTANTS FROM THE SALMONELLA HISTIDINE B LOCUS (1961)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
A Polynomial-time Algorithm for Determining Quadratic Lyapunov Functions for Nonlinear Systems (1993)

This paper de- scribes an algorithm that either finds a quadratic Lyapunov function or terminates with a proof that no quadratic Lyapunov function exists. The algorithm is an interior-point method based on the theory developed by Nesterov and Nemirovsky [2]
Study on the Weldability of Ni Base Super Alloy (Part 3) (1968)

Ni-base heat resisting super alloys have been used for conponents of welded stuructures. However, most of Ni-base alloys are unweldable. And there are many reports on the weld cracking of such alloys.It is said that René 62 is weldable, in addition, it possesses favourable elevated temperature properties. Fundamental properties (including weldability) were investigated on Rene 62 and the following results were obtained.(1) Precipitating phases in René 62 are γ' phase {Ni3 (Al, Ti, Nb)} and Laves phase {(Fe, Cr)2 (Mo, Nb, Ti)}, and age hardening is caused by precipitation and growth of γ' phase.(2) Short time tensile strength of aged Rene 62 is approx. 100 kg/mm2 at room temperature and approx. 80 kg/mm2 at 750°C.(3) As the result of bead-on-plate test on solution-treated René 62, the H.A.Z., where maximum heated temperature is in the region of 850-900°C, is hardened by fine precipitation of γ' phase. However, hardening is not so large as that in high strength steels.(4) Welding of 7 mm thick Rene was made by Tig method. No weld cracking was observed, and the joint efficiency was very good.(5) In Ni-Al-Nb alloys shown in Table 2, Nb promotes the precipitation of γ' phase.(6) When AI content of René 62 is increased to 4.15%, weld cracking is formed in bead-on-plate test on as-cast materials. Decrease in ductility of matrix and decrease in γ' phase dissolved range at elevated temperature by increasing Al content are considered to increase the weld crack sensibility.(7) Therefore, in Rene 62, a low level of Al content is considered to be one of the important factors for good weldability.
Dehalogenation of Haloalkanes by<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>H37Rv and Other Mycobacteria (2000)

Haloalkane dehalogenases convert haloalkanes to their corresponding alcohols by a hydrolytic mechanism. To date, various haloalkane dehalogenases have been isolated from bacteria colonizing environments that are contaminated with halogenated compounds. A search of current databases with the sequences of these known haloalkane dehalogenases revealed the presence of three different genes encoding putative haloalkane dehalogenases in the genome of the human parasite Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The ability of M. tuberculosis and several other mycobacterial strains to dehalogenate haloaliphatic compounds was therefore studied. Intact cells of M. tuberculosis H37Rv were found to dehalogenate 1-chlorobutane, 1-chlorodecane, 1-bromobutane, and 1,2-dibromoethane. Nine isolates of mycobacteria from clinical material and four strains from a collection of microorganisms were found to be capable of dehalogenating 1,2-dibromoethane. Crude extracts prepared from two of these strains, Mycobacterium avium MU1 and Mycobacterium smegmatis CCM 4622, showed broad substrate specificity toward a number of halogenated substrates. Dehalogenase activity in the absence of oxygen and the identification of primary alcohols as the products of the reaction suggest a hydrolytic dehalogenation mechanism. The presence of dehalogenases in bacterial isolates from clinical material, including the species colonizing both animal tissues and free environment, indicates a possible role of parasitic microorganisms in the distribution of degradation genes in the environment.
Cloning and Expression of the Sarcosine Oxidase Gene from<i>Bacillus</i>sp. NS-129 in<i>Escherichia coli</i> (1991)

The gene coding for a thermostable sarcosine oxidase (EC 1.5.3.1) was isolated from Bacillus sp. NS-129. The primary structure of sarcosine oxidase deduced from the nucleotide sequence was a protein composed of 387 amino acids with molecular weight 42,955. When the sarcosine oxidase was overproduced to about 35% of soluble protein in E. coli under the control of a lac promoter, the sarcosine oxidase activity of the crude extract was increased 3-fold by the addition of FAD. This indicates that most of the enzyme is accumulated in an inactive form, a flavinless aporotein, in the cell.
Isolation and mapping of a polymorphic DNA sequence (cMCOC46) on chromosome 13 [D13S54] (1988)

Journal Article Isolation and mapping of a polymorphic DNA sequence (cMCOC46) on chromosome 13 [D13S54] Get access Y. Nakamura, Y. Nakamura The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah Medical SchoolSalt Lake City, UT 84132, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Carlson, M. Carlson The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah Medical SchoolSalt Lake City, UT 84132, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Gillilan, S. Gillilan The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah Medical SchoolSalt Lake City, UT 84132, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. O'Connell, P. O'Connell The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah Medical SchoolSalt Lake City, UT 84132, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Leppert, M. Leppert The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah Medical SchoolSalt Lake City, UT 84132, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G.M. Lathrop, G.M. Lathrop The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah Medical SchoolSalt Lake City, UT 84132, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J.-M. Lalouel, J.-M. Lalouel The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah Medical SchoolSalt Lake City, UT 84132, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. White R. White The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah Medical SchoolSalt Lake City, UT 84132, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 8, 25 April 1988, Page 3594, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.8.3594 Published: 25 April 1988
Mechanistic Evaluation of New Plant-Derived Compounds That Inhibit HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (1995)

Swertifrancheside [1], a new flavonone-xanthone glucoside isolated from Swertia franchetiana, 1 beta-hydroxyaleuritolic acid 3-p-hydroxybenzoate [2], a triterpene isolated from the roots of Maprounea africana, and protolichesterinic acid [3], an aliphatic alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone isolated from the lichen Cetraria islandica, were found to be potent inhibitors of the DNA polymerase activity of human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT), with 50% inhibitory doses (IC50 values) of 43, 3.7, and 24 microM, respectively. They were not cytotoxic with cultured mammalian cells. The kinetic mechanisms by which compounds 1-3 inhibited HIV-1 RT were studied as was their potential to inhibit other nucleic acid polymerases. Swertifrancheside [1] bound to DNA and was shown to be a competitive inhibitor with respect to template-primer, but a mixed-type competitive inhibitor with respect to TTP. On the other hand, 1 beta-hydroxyaleuritolic acid 3-p-hydroxybenzoate [2] and protolichesterinic acid [3] were mixed-type competitive inhibitors with respect to template-primer and noncompetitive inhibitors with respect to TTP. Therefore, the mechanism of action of 1 beta-hydroxyaleuritolic acid 3-p-hydroxybenzoate [2] and protolichesterinic acid [3] as HIV-1 RT inhibitors involves nonspecific binding to the enzyme at nonsubstrate binding sites, whereas swertifrancheside [1] inhibits enzyme activity by binding to the template-primer.
Design theory for dynamical systems with semiosis (2008)

It has become increasingly clear that a coming ubiquitous society consisting of peoplepsilas everyday life, production activities, etc. is governed through integration of human and artifacts including various automated machines and information technologies. Wherein, the ecological and evolutional prospects brought about by the interactions of many subsystems are to be argued. To deal with such complexities, we have to establish a novel theory for designing activities, rather than things. Actually, living systems are characterized by their plasticity of their structure and continuous production of variabilities in reply to the change in environment, and the future artifact systems should be designed so that they could accommodate such flexible and dynamic capabilities that living systems originally have. In this project, we focus on the design issues of the mutual and inseparable relationships between the external environment and the internal of the agent that is an actor, an observer, a cognizer, and an interpreter. For this purpose, we introduce the subject of ldquosemiosisrdquo, which is any form of activity, conduct, or process that involves signs, including the production of meaning. By mingling technologies with semiotics, we jointly approach to the common design issues varying from how organisms make predictions about, and adapt to, their semiotic niche in the world, and to an aspect of the wider systems including architects, embodied robots, product innovation and human-machine and/or human social interactions. Semiotic technology offers us an indispensable tool for the creation of a truly sustainable society and human-oriented technology, and our project enables a paradigm shift from conventional ldquodesign for manufacturerdquo to novel ldquodesign for nurturerdquo.
Feasible and Accurate Occipitoatlantal Transarticular Fixation (2010)

Viable transarticular occiput-C1 screw placement is possible, despite variability of the anatomy of the occipital condyle.
Effects of Doping on the Vibrational Properties of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>from First Principles:<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1996)

Ab initio calculations of the phonon spectrum of ${\mathrm{K}}_{6}{\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ are presented, based on the local-density approximation of density-functional theory and on linear response theory. The effects of doping on frequencies and infrared intensities are identified and their physical origin discussed in detail for optically allowed modes. Whereas structural relaxation is primarily responsible for the frequency changes, and especially for the softening of tangential modes, the change in infrared relative intensities is a direct consequence of the electron transfer. The potassium vibrations are found to lie within $60--100{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and are well decoupled from ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ intramolecular modes.
Stability analysis of wholesale electricity markets under dynamic consumption models and real-time pricing (2017)

This paper analyzes stability conditions for wholesale electricity markets under real-time retail pricing and realistic consumption models with memory, which explicitly take into account previous electricity prices and consumption levels. By passing on the current retail price of electricity from supplier to consumer and feeding the observed consumption back to the supplier, a closed-loop dynamical system for electricity prices and consumption arises whose stability is to be investigated. Under mild assumptions on the generation cost of electricity and consumers' backlog disutility functions, we show that, for consumer models with price memory only, market stability is achieved if the ratio between the consumers' marginal backlog disutility and the suppliers' marginal cost of supply remains below a fixed threshold. Further, consumer models with price and consumption memory can result in greater stability regions and faster convergence to the equilibrium compared to models with price memory alone, if consumption deviations from nominal demand are adequately penalized.
Fast focus field calculations (2006)

We present a fast calculation of the electromagnetic field near the focus of an objective with a high numerical aperture (NA). Instead of direct integration, the vectorial Debye diffraction integral is evaluated with the fast Fourier transform for calculating the electromagnetic field in the entire focal region. We generalize this concept with the chirp z transform for obtaining a flexible sampling grid and an additional gain in computation speed. Under the conditions for the validity of the Debye integral representation, our method yields the amplitude, phase and polarization of the focus field for an arbitrary paraxial input field on the objective. We present two case studies by calculating the focus fields of a 40 x 1.20 NA water immersion objective for different amplitude distributions of the input field, and a 100 x 1.45 NA oil immersion objective containing evanescent field contributions for both linearly and radially polarized input fields.
Ordered 3D Hexagonal Mesoporous Silica Membranes: Synthesis and Characterization (2002)

ABSTRACT A ceramic membrane with an ordered mesoporous top layer has been developed. The active layer possesses a close-packed hexagonal network of spherical pores. Results on permeation of helium and argon through the membrane are presented and correlated with the structural and textural properties of the top layer. New insights are given on the porosity of this close-packed hexagonal structure.