gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of 3D-Printing Technologies on the Transformation of Industrial Production in the Arctic Zone (2019)

Today the process of transition to a new technological order has become evident to everyone, especially in developed countries. One of the most urgent areas for ensuring the long-term competitiveness of industrial enterprises is the development of the Arctic zone. This region has many economic and logistical difficulties, the solution of which may lie in the use of advanced technologies of the new technological order, for example, 3D-printing technologies. The aim of the article is to study the transformation of the cost structure of industrial products as a result of integration of 3D-printing technologies into the production process of industrial enterprise operating in the Arctic zone. It was found that the structure of the main cost elements varies greatly, due to the ambiguity of replacing computer numerical control (CNC) (or other classical shaping technologies) with 3D-printing technologies, as well as the specifics of supply chains, which is quite urgent for the Arctic region. The results of empirical study necessitate the development of tools for predicting the economic viability of integrating 3D-printing technologies into the technological processes of industrial enterprises operating in the Arctic zone. Within the article, the authors substantiated and developed a fuzzy-multiple model for assessing the level of investment attractiveness of integration of 3D-printing technologies into the production process of an industrial enterprise operating the Arctic zone. One of the aims of this model is to answer the question of whether an enterprise should invest in a technological transition to 3D-printing technologies.
Sequence and molecular characterization of the ROB-1 beta-lactamase gene from Pasteurella haemolytica (1991)

The ROB-1 beta-lactamase-encoding plasmids from eight Pasteurella and two Haemophilus strains were compared by restriction endonuclease and hybridization analyses. Two types of ROB-1-encoding plasmids, which differed in size, were detected. One (4.1 kb) was found only in Pasteurella strains. The other (4.4 kb) was found in both Haemophilus influenzae and in one of the eight Pasteurella strains examined. These two plasmids shared multiple homologous fragments, suggesting that one was derived from the other. The ROB-1-encoding gene from Pasteurella haemolytica LNPB 51 was cloned and sequenced. An open reading frame of 915 nucleotides was found; it encoded a 305-amino-acid protein. Analysis of this amino acid sequence confirmed that the enzyme was found; it encoded a 305-amino-acid protein. Analysis of this amino acid sequence confirmed that the enzyme is a class A beta-lactamase. It had 32 to 48% homology with other class A enzymes and exhibited several common features of the gram-positive beta-lactamases. The ROB-1 mature protein, however, contained only one cysteine residue at position 123. These results suggest that ROB-1 is a link between beta-lactamases of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. An internal 230-bp DraI fragment from ROB-1 hybridized only with plasmid DNA from ROB-1-producing strains. This specific probe could be useful in epidemiological studies.
Interpreting Message Flow Graphs (1995)

Abstract We give a semantics for Message Flow Graphs (MFGs), which play the role for interprocess communication that Program Dependence Graphs play for control flow in parallel processes. MFGs have been used to analyse parallel code, and are closely related to Message Sequence Charts and Time Sequence Diagrams in telecommunications systems. Our requirements are firstly, to determine unambiguously exactly what execution traces are specified by an MFG, and secondly, to use a finite-state interpretation. Our methods function for both asynchronous and synchronous communications. From a set of MFGs, we define a transition system of global states, and from that a Büchi automaton by considering safety and liveness properties of the system. In order easily to describe liveness properties, we interpret the traces of the transition system as a model of Manna-Pnueli temporal logic. Finally, we describe the expressive power of MFGs by mimicking an arbitrary Büchi automaton by means of a set of MFGs.
Skin microcirculatory reactivity assessed using a thermal challenge is decreased in patients with circulatory shock and associated with outcome (2018)

Microcirculatory reactivity is decreased in patients with circulatory shock and has prognostic value. This simple, noninvasive test could help in monitoring the peripheral microcirculation in acutely ill patients.
Pathogenesis of Acute Renal Failure: New Aspects (1998)

Based on 2 case presentations - acute renal failure (ARF) due to myeloma kidney and due to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor administration in the presence of transplant artery stenosis - new aspects in the pathogenesis of ARF are presented and discussed. The multifactorial pathogenesis of ARF includes (a) a disturbance of glomerular microcirculation (afferent and perhaps mesangial constriction, inadequate efferent dilatation); (b) a disturbance of medullary microcirculation (medullary capillary congestion) attributed to a combination of endothelial damage and tubular dilatation; (c) tubular cell damage which, though rarely in humans justifying the term 'acute tubular necrosis', promotes both backleak of glomerular filtrate and shedding of brush border vesicles; (d) the latter promotes tubular obstruction by casts which consist of Tamm-Horsfall protein and brush border components. Once ARF is established, repair processes set in which appear to depend on growth factors such as epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor 1, of which there is a relative shortage in established ARF. Experimental therapeutic approaches focus on the restitution of microcirculation (endothelin receptor antagonists, atriopeptins), interference with cast formation (integrin receptor blockers), and the promotion of recovery by growth factors.
Semi-Automatic Meter Reading (1987)

Meter reading in the electric utility Industry has been investigated from many different viewpoints. It is typically concluded that it is difficult to achieve more cost efficiency than the system widely used at present; manual reading at the uers location once a month. This paper will review the development of a new approach to more efficient meter reading.
Aluminum Metabolism (1993)

The objective of this review is to provide an overview of intermittent fasting regimens, summarize the evidence on the health benefits of intermittent fasting, and discuss physiological mechanisms by which intermittent fasting might lead to improved ...Read More
Revenue Management - Theory and Practice (2005)

The main purpose of this work is to develop an efficient dynamic programming (DP) algorithm for the revenue optimization problem in the presence of trade-up behaviour. Trade-up is when a passenger buys a more expensive ticket than originally intended, if the desired ticket is not available. Efficiency of an algorithm is both measured with respect to revenue and running time. To achieve this objective the Seat Inventory Control (SIC) problem without trade-up is described first to give a fundamental understanding of the basic problem. The basic SIC problem is concerned with the allocation of discount and full-fare seats on a flight so as to maximize total revenue.
 Next, two different cases of the SIC problem with trade-up are investigated, one with general assumptions and one with more specific assumptions made by British Airways. A dynamic programming model is set up for each of these problems and different solution methods, both exact and approximate methods, are introduced for solving the DP model. Finally the methods are tested by simulating arrival processes and results are obtained by a comparison of the methods applied on these arrival processes.
 Numerical results suggest that in a market where trade-up occurs, a large gain in revenue can be obtained by using methods incorporating trade-up instead of methods without trade-up.
[Surgical management of early breast cancer]. (2007)

Breast conserving surgery not only has comparable survival as mastectomy, but also has better cosmetic outcomes. Immediate breast reconstruction can be a suitable option without compromising survival. It is very important in the management for early breast cancer by selecting the most suitable surgery mode for every individual patient not only to cure her disease but also to satisfy the patient psychologically. Conservation should be preferred prior to reconstruction whenever possible.
Performance Analysis of LTE Smartphones-Based Vehicle-to-Infrastrcuture Communication (2012)

With an increase in number of vehicles on road, applications and services offered by Intelligent Transportation System are growing in demand. However, there are still coverage and capacity limitation of wireless links that support such services. In this work, we address a new and novel concept that leverages 4G network for vehicle-to-infrastructure communications. Instead of considering on-board units communication interface, we make a case for using smart-phones as economical alternative given that an interface exists between vehicle navigation system and smart phone. The applications considered in this paper are broadband internet access and entertainment applications (video streaming etc.) We provide performance analysis results using LTE-simulator. Our high-level conclusion is that smart phones enriched with LTE capabilities are feasible for vehicular communications given that fourth generation network penetrates market rapidly.
Involvement of the Cell Cycle Inhibitor CIP1/WAF1 in Lung Alveolar Epithelial Cell Growth Arrest Induced by Glucocorticoids* (1997)

Glucocorticoids are known to impair the postnatal development of lung parenchyma by altering the formation of alveoli, and from the current understanding of the processes controlling the growth of the alveolar structure, it is likely that this impairment relies in large part on alteration of alveolar epithelial cell replication. From recent studies on the modulation of cell proliferation by glucocorticoids, it appears that events associated with the G1 phase of the cell cycle are a major target for the actions of these hormones. To gain some insights into the mechanisms involved in the growth arrest of lung alveolar epithelial cells by glucocorticoids, we focused in the present study on the effects of these hormones on the expression of the G1 cyclins and their cell cycle-dependent kinases (CDKs). We observed that when cells were blocked in their proliferation by dexamethasone treatment, no changes in the expression of the various G1 cyclins, D1, D2, D3, or E, could be documented. Also, the levels of CDK2 and CDK4 in glucocorticoid-treated cells did not exhibit significant modifications compared with the levels in proliferating cells. Evaluation of the activity of cyclin-CDK complexes showed that activation of cyclin D-CDK4 was not modified by dexamethasone. By contrast, differences in the activity of cyclin E-CDK2 complexes were found, with a profound decrease in the extracts of cells growth arrested by dexamethasone. Studies of the factors potentially implicated in the inactivation of these complexes strongly suggested a role for p21CIP1, as a dramatic accumulation of this protein was observed in cells treated with dexamethasone. Moreover, changes in p21CIP1 expression appeared to be controlled mostly at the posttranscriptional level. Interestingly, a decrease in the levels of p27KIP1 could be observed. These results indicate that glucocorticoids block entry of alveolar epithelial cells into S phase by specifically altering the activation of cyclin E-CDK2 complexes through induction of the CDK inhibitor p21CIP1.
Chronotherapy of growth factors. (1995)

Circadian coordination of the components of the hematopoietic system, immune system, and host-tumor balance in animals and humans have been demonstrated. Preclinical studies provide evidence that when within-the-day exogenous protein growth modulators such as EPO, G-CSF, IL-1, IL-2, TNF, or IFN are administered to animals, they determine to a large extent the magnitude of the hematopoietic, immunologic, toxic, and antitumor response. Optimal circadian timing of therapeutic proteins with minimal toxicity (e.g. EPO, CSF) should be further explored to investigate whether lower doses could be used or intervals prolonged with equal or greater drug efficacy. For antitumor efficacy, optimal circadian timing of growth factors may lower host toxicity, which may allow higher doses to be more safely utilized to more reliably induce significant anticancer activity.
Color Formation in Dehydrated Modified Whey Powder Systems As Affected by Compression and<i>T</i><sub>g</sub> (2000)

Whey powders have attracted attention for use in the food industry. The Maillard reaction is a major deteriorative factor in the storage of these and other dairy food products. The objective of the present work was to further study the Maillard reaction as related to the physical structure of the matrix, either porous or mechanically compressed, or to storage above the T(g) of anhydrous whey systems. Sweet whey (W), reduced minerals whey (WRM), whey protein isolate (WPI), and whey protein concentrate (WPC) were stored in ovens at selected temperatures. Colorimetric measurements were performed with a spectrocolorimeter, thermal analyses (TGA) by means of a thermobalance, and glass transition temperature studies by DSC. The browning order in the vials and in the compressed systems followed the order W > WRM> WPC > WPI. k(w2), the slope of the second linear segment of the TGA curve, was related to the loss of water due to nonenzymatic browning (NEB). Browning development was in good relationship with this loss of weight. In the glassy state, the compressed systems developed higher rates of browning and weight loss (assigned to NEB reactions) than the porous systems. Reaction rates in both (porous and compressed) systems became similar as (T - T(g)) increased.
The correlation and prediction of the solubility of compounds in water using an amended solvation energy relationship (1999)

The aqueous solubility of liquids and solids, as log S(W), has been correlated with an amended solvation equation that incorporates a term in Sigma alpha(2)(H) x Sigma beta(2)(H), where the latter are the hydrogen bond acidity and basicity of the solutes, respectively. Application to a training set of 594 compounds led to a correlation equation with a standard deviation, SD, of 0.56 log units. For a test set of 65 compounds, the SD was 0.50 log units, and for a combined correlation equation for 659 compounds, the SD was 0.56 log units. The correlation equations enable the factors that influence aqueous solubility to be revealed. The hydrogen-bond propensity of a compound always leads to an increase in solubility, even though the Sigma alpha(2)(H) x Sigma beta(2)(H) term opposes solubility due to interactions in the liquid or solid. Increase in solute dipolarity/polarizability increases solubility, whereas an increase in solute excess molar refraction, and especially, volume decrease solubility. The solubility of Bronsted acids and bases is discussed, and corrections for the fraction of neutral species in the saturated solution are graphically presented.
Efficacy of three methods for inserting calcium hydroxide-based paste in root canals (2017)

A combined approach utilizing hand files with sonic activation showed no enhancements over the LEN or MAN techniques on the quality of intracanal placement of calcium hydroxide paste. <b>Key words:</b>Calcium hydroxide placement, EndoActivator, Lentulo spirals, intracanal medication, root canal treatment.
Mixed integer simulation optimization for optimal hydraulic fracturing and production of shale gas fields (2015)

AbstractOptimal development of shale gas fields involves designing a most productive fracturing network for hydraulic stimulation processes and operating wells appropriately throughout the production time. A hydraulic fracturing network design—determining well placement, number of fracturing stages, and fracture lengths—is defined by specifying a set of integer ordered blocks to drill wells and create fractures in a discrete shale gas reservoir model. The well control variables such as bottom hole pressures or production rates for well operations are real valued. Shale gas development problems, therefore, can be mathematically formulated with mixed-integer optimization models. A shale gas reservoir simulator is used to evaluate the production performance for a hydraulic fracturing and well control plan. To find the optimal fracturing design and well operation is challenging because the problem is a mixed integer optimization problem and entails computationally expensive reservoir simulation. A dynamic simplex interpolation-based alternate subspace (DSIAS) search method is applied for mixed integer optimization problems associated with shale gas development projects. The optimization performance is demonstrated with the example case of the development of the Barnett Shale field. The optimization results of DSIAS are compared with those of a pattern search algorithm.Keywords: shale gas productionhydraulic fracturing networksimulation optimizationnumerical modellingmixed integer programming AcknowledgementsCluster computing for reservoir simulation and optimization has been provided by the high-performance computing centre at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). Thanks are given to Dr James Erdle and the Computer Modeling Group (CMG) Ltd for granting reservoir simulation software licenses.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingGrateful thanks are given to Rutgers Research Council for partial funding of this work.
Disulfide bonds and sputum viscoelasticity1 (1978)

The role of disulfide bonds in determining the viscoelastic properties of sputum was examined in chronic bronchitic patients during acute exacerbation and recovery. Significantly higher levels of disulfide, DNA and solid concentration were characteri
Antidepressant drugs and sexual dysfunction (2013)

Depressive symptoms and depressive illness are associated with impairments in sexual function and satisfaction but the findings of randomised placebo-controlled trials demonstrate that antidepressant drugs can be associated with the development or worsening of sexual dysfunction. Sexual difficulties during antidepressant treatment often resolve as depression lifts but may persist over long periods, and can reduce self-esteem and affect mood and relationships adversely. Sexual dysfunction during antidepressant treatment is typically associated with many possible causes, but the risk of dysfunction varies with differing antidepressants, and should be considered when selecting an antidepressant.
To Zap or Not to Zap: A Study of the Determinants of Channel Switching During Commercials (1998)

We present a conceptual framework to describe the commercial zapping phenomenon and use it to identify factors that influence channel switching during commercials. Drawing on previous research, published reports of practitioner gut feel, interventions used by advertisers to reduce channel switching, and proprietary studies reported in the published literature, we describe how these variables might potentially affect the decision to zap a commercial. We use a latent class approach to model the impact of the identified factors on two aspects of the switching decision—whether or not a commercial is zapped (modeled with a binary logit model) and, conditional on a zap having taken place, the number of seconds that the commercial was watched before being zapped (modeled within the proportional hazards framework). The model is estimated on telemeter data on commercial viewing in two categories (spaghetti sauce and window cleaners) obtained from a single-source, household scanner panel. The results from the empirical analysis show that households can be grouped into two segments. The first, which consists of about 35% of households in the sample, is more zap-prone than the second. For this “zapping segment,” the probability of zapping a commercial is lower for households who make more purchases in the product category. Also, zapping shows a J-shaped response to previous exposures to the commercial, with the associated zapping elasticity reaching its minimum value at around 14 exposures and increasing rapidly thereafter. This finding suggests that advertisers should be cautious not to use media schedules that have excessive media weight or that emphasize frequency over reach. We found that zapping probabilities for ads aired around the hour and half-hour marks to be significantly higher than for other pod locations. Based on these results, we argue that prices for advertising pods located around the hour/half-hour marks should be between 5% to 33% lower than those in the remaining portion of the program. We explore the impact of advertising content on zapping and find that the presence of a brand differentiating message in a commercial causes a statistically significant decrease in zapping probabilities. While the magnitude of this effect is small, the finding suggests that it may be helpful to include qualitative variables in future models of advertising response. We propose the expected proportion of time that an ad is watched as a benchmark to compare 15-second and 30-second ad formats from a zapping standpoint. We found no significant differences between the two formats on this dimension. Our analysis also shows that, due to the impact of previous exposures on zapping, the use of 15-second ads runs a greater risk of reaching the threshold exposure level beyond which zapping probabilities start to increase. This implies that while managers must be cognizant of the risks of overexposure for any ad, it is especially important in the case of the shorter, 15-second ad format.
Fingolimod-associated macular edema (2012)

Fingolimod (FTY-720), a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator, is the first US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved oral agent for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Two recent phase III clinical studies (TRANSFORMS [Trial Assessing Injectable Interferon vs FTY720 Oral in RRMS] and FREEDOMS [FTY720 Research Evaluating Effects of Daily Oral Therapy in MS]) demonstrated a significant reduction in the annualized relapse rate in patients with relapsing-remitting MS, compared to once weekly interferon β-1a and placebo. Macular edema was a prominent adverse event reported in these and prior studies of fingolimod. Thirteen of 2,564 (0.5%) patients treated with fingolimod in FREEDOMS and TRANSFORMS developed macular edema. Fingolimod-associated macular edema (FAME) appears to be dose-dependent (observed in only 2 patients taking the FDA-approved 0.5 mg dose) and typically resolves upon cessation of therapy. Although a relatively common condition in ophthalmology, most neurologists have not encountered macular edema in clinical practice. The purpose of this review is to educate the neurologist on the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic modalities, and treatment approaches in patients with FAME. We also discuss the use of fingolimod in patients with uveitis and diabetes mellitus, highlight the guidelines for surveillance ophthalmic examination, and outline the key distinguishing features between FAME and optic neuritis.