gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical modeling of electromagnetic signal propagation in a time-varying medium (2002)

The transformation of plane electromagnetic wave and a Gaussian beam in a medium with permittivity and conductivity changing in time as a finite sequence of rectangular periodic pulses has been considered. The solution to the nonstationary electromagnetic problem has been obtained using the direct numerical calculation method comparison with the exact solution of the test problem has been also performed. Numerical results for the different pulse parameters and initial fields have been presented. An original software for the computer modeling of electromagnetic wave propagation in a time-varying medium for arbitrary initial fields and different laws of changing in medium parameters has also been created.
The Properties Complete Spherical Set (2000)

Thispaper introduces a new concept, called complete spherical set, and gives some properties of complete spherical set
Recurrent Hodgkin's disease in treated sites (1981)

Clinical and pathologic features were assessed in a group of 48 patients with Hodgkin's disease who developed recurrences in treated sites. The histopathologic findings in the initial diagnostic lymph node biopsies were compared with those in the recurrences. Recurrences showed a more pleomorphic appearance and were more difficult to subclassify than the initial diagnostic biopsies. In addition, no histologic features were found in the recurrences that could identify those patients who later died of Hodgkin's disease versus those those who were successfully re-treated.
Challenges of Anticoagulant Rodenticides: Resistance and Ecotoxicology (2011)

Control of rodent pests worldwide relies heavily on the use of rodenticides.In the 40s ', O'Connor (1948) isolated and first suggested the use of dicoumarol (a naturally occurring substance responsible for the "sweet clover disease" in cattle) as a rodenticide.In the early 50s', anticoagulant rodenticides (warfarin and later indane-dione derivatives) replaced the acute poisons with great success.It is well known that Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) are very suspicious to new, unfamiliar items in their environment (neophobia) and may eat only a small, non-lethal dose of a new bait.If they survive, they learn to avoid the bait.This phenomenon is also known as food aversion (Lund, 1972).Neophobia may also extend to bait boxes and traps when first introduced in the rat environment.Unlike rats, house mice do not exhibit neophobia (Bonnefoy et al, 2008).As Anticoagulant (or anti-vitamine K AVK) compounds are cumulative, small amounts ingested daily will eventually lead to the consumption of a lethal dose.In the early 60s', massive use of these first generation AVK was considered a great opportunity to reduce or even eradicate rat populations from many areas at that time, despite their behavioral traits.First-generation AVK include warfarin, coumafuryl, coumachlor, coumatetralyl, diphacinone, pindone and chlorophacinone (Bentley, 1972).Unfortunately, a first detection of a resistant strain of rats was reported in Scotland in 1958, followed by similar reports in other areas in Europe: Wales, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Germany (Lund, 1972).At the same time, Brooks and Bowerman (1973) tested several strains of Norway rats from New York City and confirmed that warfarin resistance was also common among rat populations heavily treated with warfarin in the US.The World Health Organization (WHO) rapidly recognized this event and suggested some guidelines for the rapid detection of resistant rodent, based on feeding tests (Drummond and Rennison, 1973).Pelz et al. (2005) published a survey of countries reporting resistance in commensal rodents (2005).The major findings are described in Table 1 below.Recently, warfarin resistance has also been reported in another rat species: the Lesser Ricefield rat (Rattus losea) (Wang et al., 2008).Rodent species can develop complex behavioral patterns and one of this is considered to be "behavioral resistance".There is evidence, for instance in the roof rat, that animals can learn to avoid toxic baits (Leung and Clark, 2005).This complex approach has not been given full attention and will not be developed in this review.www.intechopen.
Direct Cross-Linking of Au/Ag Alloy Nanoparticles into Monolithic Aerogels for Application in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (2016)

The direct cross-linking of Au/Ag alloy nanoparticles (NPs) into high surface area, mesoporous Au/Ag aerogels via chemical oxidation of the surface ligands is reported. The precursor alloy NPs with composition-tunable morphologies were produced by galvanic replacement of the preformed Ag hollow NPs. The effect of Au:Ag molar ratio on the NP morphology and surface plasmon resonance has been thoroughly investigated and resulted in smaller Au/Ag alloy NPs (4-8 nm), larger Au/Ag alloy hollow NPs (40-45 nm), and Au/Ag alloy hollow particles decorated with smaller Au NPs (2-5 nm). The oxidative removal of surfactant ligands, followed by supercritical drying, is utilized to construct large (centimeter to millimeter) self-supported Au/Ag alloy aerogels. The resultant assemblies exhibit high surface areas (67-73 m(2)/g), extremely low densities (0.051-0.055 g/cm(3)), and interconnected mesoporous (2-50 nm) networks, making them of great interest for a number of new technologies. The influence of mesoporous gel morphology on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been studied using Rhodamine 101 (Rd 101) as the probe molecule. The alloy aerogels exhibit SERS signal intensities that are 10-42 times higher than those achieved from the precursor Au/Ag alloy NPs. The Au/Ag alloy aerogel III exhibits SERS sensing capability down to 1 nM level. The increased signal intensities attained for alloy aerogels are attributed to highly porous gel morphology and enhanced surface roughness that can potentially generate a large number of plasmonic hot spots, creating efficient SERS substrates for future applications.
Structural analysis of the positive AMPA receptor modulators CX516 and Me-CX516 in complex with the GluA2 ligand-binding domain (2013)

Positive allosteric modulators of the ionotropic glutamate receptor A2 (GluA2) can serve as lead compounds for the development of cognitive enhancers. Several benzamide-type (S)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (AMPA) receptor modulators such as aniracetam, CX516 and CX614 have been shown to inhibit the deactivation of AMPA receptors with a less pronounced effect on desensitization. Despite CX516 being an extensively investigated AMPA receptor modulator and one of the few clinically evaluated compounds, the binding mode of CX516 to AMPA receptors has not been reported. Here, the structures of a GluA2 ligand-binding domain mutant in complex with CX516 and the 3-methylpiperidine analogue of CX516 (Me-CX516) are reported. The structures show that the binding modes of CX516 and Me-CX516 are similar to those of aniracetam and CX614 and that there is limited space for substitution at the piperidine ring of CX516. The results therefore support that CX516, like aniracetam and CX614, modulates deactivation of AMPA receptors.
[Pseudo-Takayasu in Behcet's disease]. (2001)

Behcet's disease is a chronic multisystem vasculitis that is frequent in Lebanon. The great arteries involvement is rare. We report here an unusual case of subclavian artery occlusion (pseudo-Takayasu) with a literature review.
Color Difference Thresholds of Maxillofacial Skin Replications (2009)

Within the limitations of this study, both main effects of threshold type (perceptibility and acceptability) and primary color (light and dark) on 50:50% color-difference thresholds of colored maxillofacial elastomers were found significant for both color-difference formulae used (CIELAB, CIEDE2000). In addition, significant interaction between the two main effects was found, indicating a stronger effect of skin type on acceptability than perceptibility thresholds. Primary specimen color (light vs. dark) was found to be the only significant main effect on the AUC of ROC curves constructed from logistic regression.
Synthesis and Ex situ doping of ZnTe and ZnSe nanostructures with extreme aspect ratios (2009)

We report synthesis windows for growth of millimeter-long ZnTe nanoribbons and ZnSe nanowires using vapor transport. By tuning the local conditions at the growth substrate, high aspect ratio nanostructures can be synthesized. A Cu-ion immersion doping method was applied, producing strongly p-type conduction in ZnTe and ionic conduction in ZnSe. These extreme aspect ratio wide-bandgap semiconductors have great potential for high density nanostructured optoelectronic circuits.
Basic Principles for Conducting Human Research in Orthopaedic Medicine (2013)

Researchers and clinicians operate in an increasingly complex clinical and regulatory environment in which understanding the principles governing human research is essential. However, most orthopaedic surgeons have not received in-depth training in regulatory requirements and scientific research methods. Ensuring that research is conducted in accordance with state and federal laws and ethical principles is essential to guard compromising patient information and avoid severe penalties for noncompliance. The researcher must understand the regulations for compliance and proper data management, including the requirements of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, proper application of informed consent, use of the Institutional Review Board, and data protection guidelines. Tools such as a regulatory binder can assist investigators in complying with requirements, maintaining regulatory standards, and ensuring a robust study design and conduct.
Therapeutic hypothermia for cardiac arrest: Real‐world utilization trends and hospital mortality (2012)

TH utilization appears low, but implementation is increasing. Case selection and referral biases limit the analysis of the relationship between center TH volume and in-hospital mortality.
ERAP1 deficiency protects HLA-B27 transgenic rats from arthritis (2016)

Abstract HLA-B27 (B27) confers a strong predisposition to spondyloarthritis (SpA). Rats transgenic for B27 (B27-TG) develop SpA-like disease with gut inflammation and arthritis. Common variants in ERAP1, which trims peptides for HLA class I in the ER, have been associated with SpA. We sought to determine how ERAP1 loss-of-function affects SpA-like disease in rats. Part of the first exon of ERAP1 was deleted using a TALEN, resulting in complete loss of ERAP1 expression in cells from ERAP1−/− animals. Strains were crossed to generate cohorts of B27-TG with ERAP1+/+, ERAP1+/−, and ERAP1−/− genotypes. B7-TG rats and WT rats with ERAP1+/+, +/− or −/− were used as controls. B27+ males with either ERAP1+/+ or ERAP1+/− genotype developed arthritis with a frequency of 28% (5/18), and 35% (8/23), respectively, with comparable arthritis severity scores (2.0) and age of onset (4.1 months), whereas only 13% (2/15) of rats with an ERAP1−/− genotype developed arthritis with a lower arthritis score (0.75). Only 13% of B27+ERAP1+/− females developed arthritis (arthritis score of 0.75), while ERAP1+/+ and ERAP1−/− females remained healthy. Furthermore, B7-TG and WT rats were healthy regardless of the ERAP1 genotype. All B27+ rats developed gut inflammation with no differences in clinical colitis, although histology scores were slightly higher in the complete absence of ERAP1 (7.0) compared to ERAP1+/+ (5.0) with p&lt;0.05. Taken together, complete absence of ERAP1 protected B27-TG rats from arthritis, no appreciable difference in gut inflammation, suggesting different effects on pathogenic mechanisms involved in arthritis and colitis. This novel model provides an opportunity to better understand the mechanism(s) by which HLA-B27 contributes to SpA pathogenesis
Effects of hypoxia-ischemia and MK-801 treatment on the binding of a phencyclidine analogue in the developing rat brain. (1990)

The phencyclidine analogue [3H](1-[2-thienyl]cyclohexyl)piperidine (3H-TCP) binds to the ion channel associated with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel complex. In vitro autoradiography indicates that the distribution of 3H-TCP binding in brain closely parallels that of [3H]glutamate binding to the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. In nine 7-day-old rats, an acute focal hypoxic-ischemic insult produced by unilateral carotid artery ligation and subsequent exposure to 8% oxygen acutely reduced 3H-TCP binding ipsilateral to the ligation by 30% in the CA1, by 27% in the CA3, by 26% in the dentate gyrus, and by 17% in the striatum compared with values from the contralateral hemisphere. In 10 littermates that received 1 mg/kg of the neuroprotective noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist MK-801 immediately before hypoxic exposure, the regional distribution of 3H-TCP binding in hypoxic-ischemic brain was relatively preserved and there were no interhemispheric asymmetries in 3H-TCP binding densities. In addition, in three unoperated rats decapitated 24 hours after MK-801 treatment, 3H-TCP binding was reduced by 15-35%; similar bilateral suppression of 3H-TCP binding was detected in MK-801-treated ligates. Our data indicate that 3H-TCP autoradiography can be used to assay the efficacy of neuroprotective agents in this experimental model of perinatal stroke.
Pharmacy education in the Republic of China. (1987)

There are five schools of pharmacy (two of them offer evening programs) and two Jr. colleges of pharmacy in Taiwan, Republic of China. The total enrollment of pharmacy students in four medical colleges (NDMC is excluded) for the year of 1986 was 5690 and the number of graduates in the same year to M.S. degree in pharmaceutical sciences. Sixteen-credit program in Chinese drugs is available for undergraduate pharmacy students as elective courses and for practicing pharmacists as continuing education courses.
[A new model describing the isolation of fluorocarbons from an organism: dissolution of fluorocarbons in the lipid components of blood]. (1995)

Perfluorodecalin (PFD), intravenously administrated to rabbits in the form of submicron emulsion, quickly disappears from the blood stream and accumulates in the liver, spleen and bone marrow. The expiration rate of PFD from the body can be significantly enhanced by intravenous administration of sunflower oil emulsion. It is supposed that the limit stage of PFD excretion is a fluorocarbon transport from accumulatory organs to the lungs by lipid carriers (lipoproteins, chylomicrons and cell membranes) in which fluorocarbons are physically dissolved.
The presence of beneficial knowledge in web forum: analysis by Kipling's Framework (2006)

Words of doubt such as What benefit can one get from web forums? or Web forums are meant just for small-talkâ are examples of beliefs that were held by many individuals and researchers for a long time. Based on our observation of a web forum (http://asamboi.org), we found that at least quite a number of topics are dealing with deep knowledge contents. Our analysis of a so called learning zone that contains 35 forum topics and 789 messages, utilizing Kipling's 5W1H framework six service-men, found that the depth of details were ranked in descending order as 'Siapa' (Who), 'Apa' (What), 'Bagaimana' (How), 'Kenapa' (Why), 'Mana' (Where) and 'Bila' (When). We conclude that web forums are a good web-resource for digital age learning styles, especially 
for youth.
Studies of IgE receptor (FceRI) processing in human basophils (HB) (38.7) (2007)

Abstract Studies HB in the 1980s suggested that FceRI was not down-regulated following aggregation of the receptor. We now show that receptor, after strong stimulation, is lost from the surface and degraded, but with a very slow time course; the T1/2 for loss from the surface or degradation was 12 hours and 24 hours, respectively. FceRI degradation is inhibited with Bafilomycin A suggesting a lysosomal route of loss. Under strong stimulation there was modest loss of un-involved receptors, 13±5% loss @ 18 hrs. Loss of receptor was only partially sensitive to inhibition with a src-family kinase inhibitor, PP1, and insensitive to presence of a third generation syk inhibitor, NVP-QAB205. Previous studies have noted that there is both immature receptor (p46) and mature receptor (p60) expressed and in the current studies we noted that p46 receptor expression increased following stimulation with both IgE-dependent and IgE-independent stimuli. Resting levels were inhibited by cycloheximide, actinomycin D, MG-132, PP1 and NVP-QAB205 and enhanced with Bafilomycin A. However, these studies found that the lysosomal processing was sensitive to apoptosis and suggested that these changes were not due to changes in synthesis of p46 but to changes in degradation rate. Studies of unoccupied receptor loss also indicated endocytosis and lysosomal degradation (and some recycling), i.e., both forms of FceRI loss depend on lysosomal processing. Supported by NIH-AI20253
Novel submicron process development tool for SAW device fabrication (2014)

SAW device performance is highly dependent on linewidth and metal edge quality. Small changes in each can have strong effects on device performance. At submicron linewidths, detecting these changes is often challenging. The limited field of view at higher magnifications can make accurate navigation between and within similar test structures difficult. Our objective in this work is to determine the process parameters needed to fabricate SAW resonator devices having a/p values of 0.6 for periods of 0.5μm and 0.6μm using contact lithography and a liftoff process. A novel test pattern that will enable efficient and accurate navigation of submicron test structures during high magnification scanning electron microscopy (SEM) will be presented. Using these test structures we can evaluate the a/p and line edge quality for each linewidth/ period group. For the first test mask no linewidth compensation was made to account for processing variations. Based on measured results, a second mask was then designed to compensate for the observed bias, in order to obtain the desired a/p.
Shear-Induced Nucleation and Growth in Isotactic Polypropylene (2010)

The possibility of controlling the final morphology, and thus the resulting mechanical and functional properties, of semicrystalline polymers based on the study of polymer crystallization stimulated by flow is highly intriguing. Recent advances in experimental techniques that allow in situ measurements of material morphology under deformation have escalated research in this subject area. However, despite of the huge efforts spent, the description of the evolution of morphology under shear conditions is still challenging and even the basic principles of the phenomenon are not well understood yet. In this work, experiments of nucleation density and growth rate of spherulites were carried out under continuous shear in a range of temperature (138−144 °C) and shear rate (0−0.30 s−1) which, although narrow in absolute, can be considered quite wide taking into account the experimental difficulties presented by this kind of tests. Collected data were analyzed with the aim of determining scaling rules which can describe the effect of flow on crystallization kinetics. It was found that a proportionality exists between nucleation rate and spherulitic growth rate under flow, suggesting that whatever the controlling mechanism for the enhancement of nucleation rate is, it has a similar effect also on growth rate. The effect of flow on nucleation and growth rates was attributed to the increase of the melting temperature due to flow. In turn, the melting temperature estimated for the tests conducted in the whole range of temperatures and shear rates was found to be dependent on the Weissenberg number.
A magnet-based device for active magnetic regenerative refrigeration (2003)

To study magnetic refrigeration an experimental device is developed. It uses gadolinium as a giant magnetocaloric effect material and a Halbach magnet cylinder as the magnetization source. A specific thermodynamic cycle, active magnetic regenerative refrigeration, is required to enhance the temperature span. The system is simple and compact. The first results obtained (/spl Delta/T=4/spl deg/C or 7/spl deg/C, COP=2) are promising and confirm the model developed. It can be used already to evaluate the potential of different magnetocaloric effect materials and the efficiency of different active magnetic regenerative refrigeration cycles.
Influence of running conditions on resonant oscillations in fresh-air ventilator blades used in thermal power plants (2009)

High frequency cyclic load of fresh air supply to ventilator blades in thermo energetic facilities can cause the occurrence of fretting in the pressed overlap of ventilator shaft and socket. These loads can be generated by the resonant oscillations of ventilator blades and thermal residual stress due to welding. To prevent running in resonant conditions, the manufacturer of the ventilator defined a procedure of adjusting blades natural frequency in the process of production, as well as period control during exploitation period. The numerical simulations and the accelerations measured and presented in this paper, enabling analysis of mass changes and rotation rate effects on resonant oscillations occurrence in fresh air ventilator.
Morpheus: Semantics-based Incremental Change Propagation in SOA-based Solutions (2008)

SOA-based solutions are typically modeled as business processes composed of loosely coupled services. Such an approach promises the flexibility to more easily customize the solution functionality in line with constantly changing customer requirements. The research issue that we address in this paper, therefore, is how to best accomplish this customization. Current approaches are typically manual and rather ad-hoc, involving repeated attempts to synchronize between (higher-level) design artifacts and (lowerlevel) source code to determine the configuration points. Alternatively, we propose a framework, Morpheus, which uses design artifacts to locate points of change in an SOA based solution via multi-level change propagation. First, we formally define the structure and semantics of the design artifacts, and the relationships among them. Second, we use these relationships to enumerate all possible changes in each design artifact; if two design artifacts share a relationship,then we also map a change in one design artifact to related changes in the other. Third, using these change relationships,we present an algorithm to traverse the design artifacts so as to propagate changes based on change requirements, ultimately resulting in the modifications needed to support the changed requirements. We illustrate our ideas on a simple yet realistic example in the insurance domain, and also present a prototype implementation.
Spurious dependencies and EDA scalability (2010)

Numerous studies have shown that advanced estimation of distribution algorithms (EDAs) often discover spurious (unnecessary) dependencies. Nonetheless, only little prior work exists that would study the effects of spurious dependencies on EDA performance. This paper examines the effects of spurious dependencies on the performance and scalability of EDAs with the main focus on EDAs with marginal product models and the onemax problem. A theoretical model is proposed to analyze the effects of spurious dependencies on the population sizing in EDAs and the theory is verified with experiments. The effects of spurious dependencies on the number of generations are studied empirically. The effects of replacement strategies on the performance of EDAs with spurious linkage are also investigated.