gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of specificity in corticospinal connections by axon collaterals branching selectively into appropriate spinal targets (1994)

Corticospinal projections in adult rodents arise exclusively from layer V neurons in the sensorimotor cortex. These neurons are topographically organized in their connections to spinal cord targets. Previous studies in rodents have shown that the mature distribution pattern of corticospinal neurons develops during the first 2 weeks postnatal from an initial widespread pattern that includes the visual cortex to a distribution restricted to the sensorimotor cortex. To determine whether specificity in corticospinal connections also emerges from an initially diffuse set of projections, we have studied the outgrowth of corticospinal axons and the formation of terminal arbors in developing hamsters. The sensitive fluorescent tracer 1,1',dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) was used to label corticospinal axons from the visual cortex or from small regions of the forelimb or hindlimb sensorimotor cortex in living animals at 4-17 days postnatal. Initially axon outgrowth was imprecise. Some visual cortical axons extended transiently beyond their permanent targets in the pontine nuclei, by growing through the pyramidal decussation and in some cases extending as far caudally as the lumbar enlargement. Forelimb sensorimotor axons also extended past their targets in the cervical enlargement, in many cases growing in the corticospinal tract to lumbar levels of the cord. By about 17 days postnatal these misdirected axons or axon segments were withdrawn from the tract. Despite these errors in axon trajectories within the corticospinal tract, terminal arbors branching into targets in the spinal gray matter were topographically appropriate from the earliest stages of innervation. Thus visual cortical axons never formed connections in the spinal cord, forelimb sensorimotor axons arborized only in the cervical enlargement, and hindlimb cortical axons terminated only in the lumbar cord at all stages of development examined. Corticospinal arbors formed from collaterals that extended at right angles from the shafts of primary axons, most likely by the process of interstitial branching after the primary growth cone had extended past the target. Once collaterals extended into the spinal gray matter, highly branched terminal arbors formed within 2-4 days, beginning at about 4 and 8 days postnatal for the cervical and lumbar enlargements, respectively. These results show that specificity in corticospinal connectivity is achieved by selective growth of axon collaterals into appropriate spinal targets from the beginning and not by the later remodeling of initially diffuse connections. In contrast, errors occur in the initial outgrowth of axons in the corticospinal tract, which are subsequently corrected.
Utility analysis for the probationary selection decision to obtain a fixed quota of successful selectees (1997)

This article presents the extension of the one-cohort probationary selection (OCPS) framework (De Corte, 1994) to a multiple cohort model and shows how the extension can be applied to estimate the utility of probationary selection with replacement (PSWR) when a fixed quota of successfully performing selectees is required. Next, formulas to compute the net present value of the OCPS and the PSWR approach to the selection of a fixed quota of successful employees are derived. The equations indicate that the latter approach will usually lead to a higher utility, but not necessarily to a higher net present value of the predictor selected workforce. This finding, which is corroborated by the results of an example application, is of immediate practical relevance because it justifies the probationary selection with replacement practice that is adopted in many West European countries. Finally, the example results suggest also that the traditional Brogden–Cronbach–Gleser framework generally overestimates the incremental utility of using a predictor when the objective is to select a fixed quota of successful selectees. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methane Activation by Yttrium‐Doped Vanadium Oxide Cluster Cations: Local Charge Effects (2011)

Enhance the reactivity: By combined experimental and theoretical studies of vanadium–yttrium oxide cluster cations and other related reaction systems, local charge effects on methane activation by oxygen-centered radicals (O−.), as well as nonradical oxygen species (O2−), have been demonstrated and can serve as a fundamental basis for rational design of catalysts for direct transformation of methane in practice (see figure). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Structural, electronic and magnetic properties of SrRuO$_3$ under epitaxial strain (2006)

Using density functional theory within the local spin density approximation, structural, electronic and magnetic properties of SRO are investigated. We examine the magnitude of the orthorhombic distortion in the ground state and also the effects of applying epitaxial constraints, whereby the influence of large (in the range of $\pm 4%$) in-plane strain resulting from coherent epitaxy, for both [001] and [110] oriented films, have been isolated and investigated. The overall pattern of the structural relaxations reveal coherent distortions of the oxygen octahedra network, which determine stability of the magnetic moment on the Ru ion. The structural and magnetic parameters exhibit substantial changes allowing us to discuss the role of symmetry and possibilities of magneto-structural tuning of \SRO-based thin film structures.
The Constitution and the Nature of Law (1993)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
428. The relation between the constitution of arsenicals and their action on cell division (1950)

H. King and R. J. Ludford, J. Chem. Soc., 1950, 2086 DOI: 10.1039/JR9500002086
Bending Fatigue Failures in Valve Steel (1980)

In the present paper the effect of defects (viz.pits, gouges and oxide inclusions) will be reported.Although certain defects were uniformly distributed over the specimen surface, the majority of all fractures started in the edge region.An explanation to this behaviour is presented in terms of stress enhancement in the edge regions due to edge deflections.l
Intraoperative brachytherapy in non‐small cell lung cancer (1993)

The lung cancer incidence and mortality rates have risen steadily each year. Survival rates during the same period have improved marginally even by the best treatment approaches. A small proportion of patients with limited disease can be offered surgical resection as the primary curative treatment. In a significant number of cases, complete resection of cancer is not possible either because the patient could not tolerate radical surgical approach or because the tumor is attached to important structures in the mediastinum precluding any surgical intervention. Intraoperative brachytherapy by various techniques offers the greatest advantage in these patients to deliver higher doses of radiation to the tumor without damage to the normal lung. Numerous intraoperative brachytherapy techniques are described to adapt to different clinical situations. Experience over the past 30 years has shown that these procedures are safe and well tolerated and can be used alone or as a boost in conjunction with external beam radiation. Published data show encouraging local control rates and survival compared with treatment by external radiation to higher doses.
<i>Castanea sativa</i> Mill. Leaves as New Sources of Natural Antioxidant:  An Electronic Spin Resonance Study (2004)

The antioxidant potential of Castanea sativa Mill. leaf (sweet chestnut) was explored as a new source of active extracts. The capacity of the different fractions issued from aqueous, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts to inhibit the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycryl-hydrazyl, superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radical was measured by electronic spin resonance. Their scavenging potential was analyzed versus their amount of phenolic compounds. Among the active fractions, the most effective one was A6, an ethyl acetate fraction, which contained a high level of total phenolic compounds (29.1 g/100 g). Thus, a different extraction procedure was performed to concentrate the active compounds of A6 in the new C. sativa leaf extract (CSLE). Compared to reference antioxidants (quercetin and vitamin E) and standard extracts (Pycnogenol, from French Pinus maritima bark, and grape marc extract), it was observed that A6 and CSLE have high antioxidant potentials, equivalent to at least those of reference compounds.
A new destriping method of imaging spectrometer images (2007)

Striping is an important factor that influences the quality of Imaging Spectrometer data. In this paper, the main causes of stripe noises and the mean value distribution characteristics of noisy images were deeply analyzed. Based on the previous analysis, a new destriping method was proposed which well used wavelet transform with moment matching method. The new method is easily realized and could be applied to various Imaging Spectrometer images with stripe noises. The result of comparing the tested images and data indicated that the new method could preserve the quality of the images better and effectively remove stripe noises, moreover, it did better than the existed method.
1 On Analyzing Web Log Data: A Parallel Sequence Mining Algorithm (2003)

Activities at enterprise-class web sites, as well as other web sites, are usually recorded via web logs. Collected logs consist of records from many click streams, which are defined as collections of hits (requests) from a specific user during a specific session. Using web logs is the most common way of collecting click stream data at this time. Thus data warehouses are built based on the crucial data extracted from web logs. This article proposes a parallel sequence mining algorithm, webSPADE, to analyze the click streams found in site web logs. In this process, raw web logs are first cleaned and inserted into a data warehouse. The click streams are then mined by webSPADE, the proposed algorithm, which uses one full scan and several partial scans of the data. An innovative web-based front-end is used for visualizing and querying the sequence mining results. By utilizing relational database technology, this analysis technique enables the analysis of very large amounts of data in a short amount of time.
Saps and Female Reproductive Health in Kenya (1997)

Since the 1980s, the world has experienced a number of economic recessions. As would be expected, developing countries have borne the brunt of the resultant economic crisis. It is estimated, for example, that the total debt of the developing world rose from $562 billion in 1982 to $1,020 billion in 1988.’ Many of the developing countries are still on the verge of economic collapse, unable to service accumulated foreign debts. Various measures were taken by the developed world in an attempt to revive the fallen global economy. These measures included the introduction of Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) which aimed at (among other targets) reducing national public expenditures and effecting a shift “from a trade deficit to a trade surplus or at least, a reduction of the size of the trade deficit, at least in part to service the debt.”
Transient Radiation from Pistons in an Infinite Planar Baffle (1971)

An approach is presented to compute the near- and farfield transient radiation resulting from a specified velocity motion of a piston or array of pistons in a rigid infinite baffle. The approach, which is based on a Green's function development, utilizes a transformation of coordinates to simplify the evaluation of the resultant surface integrals. A simple expression is developed for an impulse response function, which is the time-dependent velocity potential at a spatial point resulting from an impulse velocity of a piston of any shape. The time-dependent velocity potential and pressure for any piston velocity motion may then be computed by a convolution of the piston velocity with the appropriate impulse response. The response of an array may be computed using superposition. Several examples illustrating the usefulness of the approach are presented. The farfield time-dependent radiation from a rectangular piston is discussed for both continuous and pulsed velocity conditions. For a pulsed velocity of time duration T it is shown that the pressure at several of the field points can consist of two separate pulses of the same duration, when T is less than the travel time across the piston.
Requirement of Avian C′1 for Fixation of Guinea Pig Complement by Avian Antibody-Antigen Complexes (1961)

Summary An incompatibility has been shown to exist between certain avian antibody-antigen complexes and C′1 of guinea pig complement. This can be remedied by the substitution of species specific C′1 after which guinea pig C′2, C′3 and C′4 are fixed.
Simplified Nutritional Evaluations of Proteins of Some Soy Products Based on in vitro Digestibility (1981)

豆腐, 油揚げ, 生ゆば, 乾燥ゆばのたん白質の栄養評価を消化性 (in vitro) の面から検討した。比較のために生大豆も用いた。これらの大豆製品のトリプシン-インヒビター活性は生大豆の2～5%であった。ペプシン-パンクレアチンで消化した場合 (腸管吸収前のモデル系), これらの品目は, いずれも平均アミノ酸残基数が15以下に消化されており, 生大豆 (<20) に比べ, 高分子のペプチド画分の割合も少なかった。アミノペプチダーゼ-プロリダーゼでさらに加水分解した場合 (小腸粘膜 (膜消化) および腸管吸収後のモデル系), これらの品目は生大豆に比べ加水分解されやすく, 必須アミノ酸のほとんどが遊離した。また, これらのたん白質中のリジン, メチオニンもほとんど損傷を受けていなかった。以上の結果, 豆腐, 油揚げ, 生ゆば, 乾燥ゆばのたん白成分の栄養性は, 人工消化実験による消化性を指標にするかぎり, 優れていると結論することができる。本研究にご協力をいただきました服部孝子氏に感謝いたします。
Magnetic Field Controlled Capacitor (2016)

Abstract This paper deals with the capacitor using magnetic fluid as a magnetic field controlled dielectrics. It is shown, that dielectrics of this capacitor exhibits magnetic field induced anisotropy.
Fully differential switched opamp with enhancedcommon mode feedback (1998)

A switched opamp with a fast common mode feedback (CMFB) circuit is presented. The proposed fully differential two stage amplifier needs CMFB only for the second stage, and thus a fast and simple passive CMFB circuit may be used. The amplifier is capable of 1 V operation and has no limitation on the maximum supply voltage.
Physiological Characteristics of a New Thermophilic Obligately Chemolithotrophic Thiobacillus Species, Thiobacillus tepidarius (1985)

We describe a new Thiobacillus species which is a gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped organism having polar flagella. The optimum growth temperature is 43 to 45°C, and the optimum pH range is 6.0 to 7.5. This organism is obligately chemolithotrophic and autotrophic and has ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity. It is able to oxidize thiosulfate, trithionate, tetrathionate, hexathionate, heptathionate, sulfur, and sulfide, but is not able to use sulfite, thiocyanate, or dithionate for growth. In batch culture it converts thiosulfate to tetrathionate during or before growth. It has both rhodanese and thiosulfate-oxidizing enzyme activites. It does not grow anaerobically with nitrate or nitrous oxide on either thiosulfate or tetrathionate. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of its deoxyribonucleic acid is 66.6 mol%, and it contains ubiquinone Q-8 in its respiratory chain. The organism is named Thiobacillus tepidarius sp. nov. The type strain is strain DSM 3134, which has been deposited in the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen, Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany.
Adoption Studies of Schizophrenia (1994)

The understanding and treatment of schizophrenia have been greatly hampered by uncertainty about etiological factors and controversy about diagnostic boundaries. Adoption studies have helped clarify both of these problems. First, the adoptees study method, the index offspring of adopting-away schizophrenic biological parents are compared with control adoptees whose adopting-away parents were non-schizophrenic. Earlier studies have found increased illness in the index adoptees, thus supporting a genetic hypothesis. Additionally, in this approach the comparison of index versus control adoptive rearing families permits the assessment of environmental joint or interaction effects. An on-going Finnish study appears to provide evidence supporting both genetic and environmental main effects, as well as joint effects. Secondly, in the adoptees' relatives method, the biological relatives of schizophrenic index adoptees are compared with the biological relatives of non-schizophrenic control adoptees. A Danish study found that the relatives not only have more frequent typical, narrowly defined schizophrenia but also have more 'latent', non-psychotic forms of the illness. Thus, the adoption studies of schizophrenia are proving valuable in establishing the significance of both genetic and environmental contributions to the illness and in clarifying the diagnostic criteria for a genetically relevant syndrome.
Reduction of Power Consumption in FPGAs - An Overview (2012)

Field Programmable Gate Arrays FPGAs are highly desirable for implementation of digital systems due to their flexibility, programmability and low end product life cycle. In more than 20 years since the introduction of FPGA, research and development has produced dramatic improvements in FPGA speed and area efficiency, narrowing the gap between FPGAs and ASICs and making FPGAs the platform of choice for implementing digital circuits. FPGAs hold significant promise as a fast to market replacement. Unfortunately, the advantages of FPGAs are offset in many cases by their high power consumption and area. The goal is to reduce the power consumption without sacrificing much performance or incurring a large chip area so that the territories of FPGAs applications can expand more effectively. Reducing the power of FPGAs is the key to lowering packaging and cooling costs, improving device reliability, and opening the door to new markets such as mobile electronics. This paper presents the tips to lower down the static and dynamic power dissipation in FPGAs. It gives an overview of various techniques at system, device, and circuit and architecture level used for reduction of power consumption of FPGAs and their outcomes.
Foundation for Physical Therapy Research Advisory Committee (1992)

RAC Chairperson School of Physiotherapy Dalhousie University 5869 University Avenue Halifax, NS CANADA B3H 3J5 FAX: (902) 494-2616 EMail: [email protected]
DeepDecision: A Mobile Deep Learning Framework for Edge Video Analytics (2018)

Deep learning shows great promise in providing more intelligence to augmented reality (AR) devices, but few AR apps use deep learning due to lack of infrastructure support. Deep learning algorithms are computationally intensive, and front-end devices cannot deliver sufficient compute power for real-time processing. In this work, we design a framework that ties together front-end devices with more powerful backend “helpers” (e.g., home servers) to allow deep learning to be executed locally or remotely in the cloud/edge. We consider the complex interaction between model accuracy, video quality, battery constraints, network data usage, and network conditions to determine an optimal offloading strategy. Our contributions are: (1) extensive measurements to understand the tradeoffs between video quality, network conditions, battery consumption, processing delay, and model accuracy; (2) a measurement-driven mathematical framework that efficiently solves the resulting combinatorial optimization problem; (3) an Android application that performs real-time object detection for AR applications, with experimental results that demonstrate the superiority of our approach.
On random random walks (1996)

We estimate the expected mixing time of a random walk on a finite group supported by a random polylogarithmic set of elements. Following the spectral approach of Broder and Shamir, we present an alternative proof of the Dou-Hildebrand estimate and show that it holds almost surely. Good bounds on diameters follow from these results.
Hesitation (1965)

Exact dwells can exist only in synthetic motion such as that of cams. Generated motion such as that of linkages can only produce approximate dwells. This paper defines such approximate dwells as “hesitations,” reduces them to theory, then proceeds to develop techniques for designing mechanisms to produce approximate dwells of various degrees. The discussion involves properties of path curvature and mechanisms connected in series; it also introduces “chain derivatives”—a useful concept in the analysis of compound motions.
Variation in the <sup>13</sup> C-Urea Breath Test Value by Nationality in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> -Infected Children (1998)

This study identified significant variation in the extent of the 13C value by nationality among H. pylori-infected children. Further studies are needed to elucidate the causes and potential consequences of these variations.