gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Melanoma-induced brain metastases (2008)

Brain metastases are a common site of metastasis from malignant melanoma, and are associated with a poor prognosis. Diagnosis of brain metastasis may also have significant implications for quality of life, and management can be difficult due to rapid progression of disease and resistance to conventional therapies. In this article, we will review the published evidence for treatment modalities for melanoma-induced brain metastases and outline future directions for research. In brief, surgical management of solitary or acutely symptomatic lesions appears to alleviate symptoms and provide the possibility of local control of disease. Stereotactic radiosurgery is an increasingly utilized technique for patients with a limited number of metastases, and presents a less invasive alternative to craniotomy. External-beam radiation alone appears effective in palliating symptoms. Chemotherapy alone is relatively ineffective, though combined chemotherapy with external-beam radiation is being investigated. Future directions include combined-modality therapy, the incorporation of novel agents, and careful consideration of the structure of clinical trials for this disease.
Noncircular Gears (2009)

Noncircular Gears: Design and Generation represents the extension of the modern theory of gearing applied to the design and manufacture of the main types of noncircular gears: conventional and modified elliptical gears, eccentric gears, oval gears, gears with lobes, and twisted gears. This book is enhanced by updated theoretical description of the methods of generation of noncircular gears by enveloping methods similar to those applied to the generation of circular gears. Noncircular Gears: Design and Generation also offers new developments directed to extend the application of noncircular gears for output speed variation and generation of functions. Numerous numerical examples show the application of the developed theory. This book aims to extend the application of noncircular gear drives in mechanisms and industry.
Serial Progressive Hierarchical Turbo Codes (2011)

Future radio technologies are expected to deliver ever higher bit rates and a wider range of data applications to an increasing number of subscribers. Flexible and high performance unequal error protection techniques are necessary for better application level perceived quality with lower data rates. In this paper, we present a new generalized mechanism for enhanced usage of available spectral resources by embedding unequal error protection in serial turbo codes. The proposed coding scheme allows a progressive and hierarchical encoding of data, considering the prioritizations of information bits. A modified iterative decoding is also proposed. The turbo iterative gain fully benefits all decoding levels, even the least protected data encoded by a single recursive systematic convolutional code. The progressive and hierarchical transmission of extrinsic information from higher levels decoders strongly profit lower priority bits corrections due to inter-data contamination behavior. The prioritized data are hierarchically estimated. The proposed serial progressive hierarchical turbo code has been designed for maximum flexibility and for any number of unequally protected data.
Regulation of Inflammatory Repertoires and NF-κB Signal Transduction by DDB, an Active Compound from Schizandra Chinensis Baillon (2006)

Background: Chronic inflammation in the brain has known to be associated with the development of a various neurological diseases including dementia. In general, the characteristic of neuro-inflammation is the activated microglia over the brain where the pathogenesis occurs. Pro-inflammatory repertoires, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and nitric oxide (NO), are the main causes of neuro-degenerative disease, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD) which is caused by neuronal destruction. Those pro-inflammatory repertoires may lead the brain to chronic inflammatory status, and thus we hypothesized that chronic inflammation would be inhibited when pro-inflammatory repertoires are to be well controlled by inactivating the signal transduction associated with inflammation. Methods: In the present study, we examined whether biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB), an active compound from Schizandra chinensis Baillon, inhibits the NO production by a direct method using Griess reagent and by RT-PCR in the gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and IL-1. Western blots were also used for the analysis of NF- and I. Results: In the study, we found that DDB effectively inhibited IL-1 as well as NO production in BV-2 microglial cell, and the translocation of NF- was comparably inhibited in the presence of DDB comparing those to the positive control, lipopolysaccharide. Conclusion: The data suggested that the DDB from Schizandra chinensis Baillon may play an effective role in inhibiting the pro-inflammatory repertoires which may cause neurodegeneration and the results imply that the compound suppresses a cue signal of the microglial activation which can induce the brain pathogenesis such as Alzheimer's disease.
Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the Huntington's disease region at the D4S182 locus (1993)

Journal Article Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the Huntington's disease region at the D4S182 locus Get access Danilo A. Tagle, Danilo A. Tagle 1Departments of Human Genetics, The University of Michigan Medical CenterAnn Arbor, MI 48109 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kristina L. Blanchard-McQuate, Kristina L. Blanchard-McQuate 2Departments of Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAnn Arbor, MI 48109 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John Valdes, John Valdes 1Departments of Human Genetics, The University of Michigan Medical CenterAnn Arbor, MI 48109 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lucio Castilla, Lucio Castilla 3Departments of Biology, The University of Michigan Medical CenterAnn Arbor, MI 48109 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marcy E. MacDonald, Marcy E. MacDonald 4Departments of Neurogenetics Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston MA 02114, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James F. Gusella, James F. Gusella 4Departments of Neurogenetics Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston MA 02114, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Francis S. Collins Francis S. Collins * 1Departments of Human Genetics, The University of Michigan Medical CenterAnn Arbor, MI 481092Departments of Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAnn Arbor, MI 481095Departments of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical CenterAnn Arbor, MI 48109 * Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical Center, 4578 MSRB, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 2, Issue 4, April 1993, Page 489, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/2.4.489 Published: 01 April 1993
Retinitis Pigmentosa: Genes and Disease Mechanisms (2011)

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited disorders affecting 1 in 3000-7000 people and characterized by abnormalities of the photoreceptors (rods and cones) or the retinal pigment epithelium of the retina which lead to progressive visual loss. RP can be inherited in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked manner. While usually limited to the eye, RP may also occur as part of a syndrome as in the Usher syndrome and Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Over 40 genes have been associated with RP so far, with the majority of them expressed in either the photoreceptors or the retinal pigment epithelium. The tremendous heterogeneity of the disease makes the genetics of RP complicated, thus rendering genotype-phenotype correlations not fully applicable yet. In addition to the multiplicity of mutations, in fact, different mutations in the same gene may cause different diseases. We will here review which genes are involved in the genesis of RP and how mutations can lead to retinal degeneration. In the future, a more thorough analysis of genetic and clinical data together with a better understanding of the genotype-phenotype correlation might allow to reveal important information with respect to the likelihood of disease development and choices of therapy.
Understanding and Managing the Impacts of Electric Vehicles on Electric Power Distribution Systems (2014)

University of Vermont
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Properties of Ceramic Foam Catalyst Supports (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Joint estimation of Stokes images and aberrations from phase-diverse polarimetric measurements (2009)

A penalized likelihood algorithm for joint estimation of Stokes images and aberrations for a four channel polarimeter utilizing phase diversity is derived. System optimization is investigated using a Cramér-Rao bound. Simulation results are presented.
Lost in Cloud (2012)

Cloud computing can reduce cost significantly because businesses can share computing resources. In recent years Small and Medium Businesses (SMB) have used Cloud effectively for cost saving and for sharing IT expenses. With the success of SMBs, many perceive that the larger enterprises ought to move into Cloud environment as well. Government agency's stove-piped environments are being considered as candidates for potential use of Cloud either as an enterprise entity or pockets of small communities. Cloud Computing is the delivery of computing as a service rather than as a product, whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices as a utility over a network. Underneath the offered services, there exists a modern infrastructure cost of which is often spread across its services or its investors. As NASA is considered as an Enterprise class organization, like other enterprises, a shift has been occurring in perceiving its IT services as candidates for Cloud services. This paper discusses market trends in cloud computing from an enterprise angle and then addresses the topic of Cloud Computing for NASA in two possible forms. First, in the form of a public Cloud to support it as an enterprise, as well as to share it with the commercial and public at large. Second, as a private Cloud wherein the infrastructure is operated solely for NASA, whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally. The paper addresses the strengths and weaknesses of both paradigms of public and private Clouds, in both internally and externally operated settings. The content of the paper is from a NASA perspective but is applicable to any large enterprise with thousands of employees and contractors.
A large Icelandic family with early osteoarthritis of the hip associated with a susceptibility locus on chromosome 16p (2001)

We have identified and described the largest kinship with familial hip OA reported to date. Evidence for linkage in this family suggests that a gene for susceptibility to hip OA exists on chromosome 16p. This represents an independent identification of a susceptibility locus previously reported for hip OA in this geographic region.
Robust stabilization of systems with uncertain parameters (1984)

This paper considers, from a complex function theoretic point of view, certain robust synthesis problems. We consider both real and complex parameter variations. It is shown that several apparently different problems can be treated in a unified general framework. A new result on the gain margin problem for multivariable plants in also given.
Development of Universal Robot Gripper Using MRα Fluid (2016)

In this paper, we developed a universal robot gripper using an electromagnet and a novel reforming magnetorheological (MR) fluid. First, we added nonmagnetic particles to an MR fluid to develop a novel reforming MR fluid called MR[Formula: see text] fluid; this fluid resolved several issues faced with MR fluids. The developed fluid’s specific gravity is one-half and solidification hardness is two times that of MR fluid. The characteristics of the MR[Formula: see text] fluid and an application that can control solidification under a magnetic field are described. Next, the developed gripper, which consists of an electromagnet and an elastic membrane that encloses the MR[Formula: see text] fluid, is described. Further, several experimental results of the features and capabilities of the gripper are presented.
Focusing Characteristics of High-Efficiency Fresnel Zone Plate Fabricated by Deep Ultraviolet Lithography (1986)

The feasibility of using photoresist Fresnel zone plates as micro-optic components was examined experimentally. Deep UV lithography was used to fabricate zone plates with submicron pitch, and nearly diffraction-limited spot formation and high efficiency were achieved. The direct collimation of a semiconductor laser beam was demonstrated.
Designing predictors of DNA-binding proteinsusing an efficient physicochemical propertymining method (2010)

DNA-binding proteins play a pivotal role in various intra-and extra-cellular activities ranging from DNA replicationto gene expression control. Many researches mainly focused on prediction and analysis of protein binding sites in DNA. We are interested in predicting binding and non-binding proteins from protein sequences. Physicochemical properties are well recognized to be effective in designing various predictors for understanding the functions and characteristics of proteins. Generally, the domain knowledge of proteins to be analyzed from biologists is needed to select effective physicochemical properties. In this study, we propose an efficient method for designing predictors of binding and non-binding proteins using a set of informative physicochemical properties obtained from an inheritable bi-objective genetic algorithm without using the domain knowledge of binding and non-binding proteins. Three benchmark datasets were used to evaluate the proposed method using SVM and informative physicochemical properties as the features. The prediction accuracy of independent test is close to 80.0%. From the analysis of informative physicochemical properties, some knowledge of binding and non-binding proteins can be further investigated. The proposed physicochemical property mining method can be used conveniently as the core for designing predictors for various DNA-binding problems.
Symmetry analysis of the 2<i>a</i>phase of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1994)

A symmetry analysis of the 2a phase recently observed in some samples of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ is presented. This phase is described by a unit cell with eight molecules in inequivalent orientations. We first show that if this structure is assumed to be exactly cubic, there are only three allowed space groups, none of which corresponds to the PA3\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} arrangement of threefold axes previously established for ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ by several groups. Our calculated powder diffraction spectra for these space groups are not consistent with existing experimental data. Second, if the symmetry of the PA3\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} structure is lowered by a doubling of the unit cell, we show that the resulting structure is trigonal, space group R3\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}. We calculate powder diffraction spectra for this scenario and thereby place upper limits on both the angular distortion and the trigonal lattice distortion. Third, since the microscopic origin of this distortion probably involves defects of some presently unknown type, we consider a phenomenological scenario for the origin of this trigonal distortion. Within this scenario, we study the symmetry of the interactions needed to explain this structure. We start by giving an analysis of the structural distortion within harmonic lattice dynamics. However, to obtain the correct (R3\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}) symmetry structure we were forced to study the cubic coupling between zone-corner librons and macroscopic strains. In this way we relate the development of R3\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} symmetry from the PA3\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} structure in terms of a phenomenological model of lattice dynamics. Fourth, we extend the above arguments to construct a Landau theory for the hypothesized PA3\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}R3\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} phase transition, which occurs as a function of the concentration of the presumed defects. The resulting free energy has no cubic terms (so the transition can be continuous) but has five fourth-order invariants.
Quantitative Analysis of mRNA for 10 Different Drug Resistance Factors in Dogs with Lymphoma (2010)

Expression levels of ABCB1, ABCC1, Lung resistance-associated protein (LRP), ABCG2, p53, p21(waf1), Bcl-2, CD40L, glutathione S-transferase alpha (GSTα), and O⁶-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) genes, and mutation of p53 gene were examined in 23 dogs with multicentric high-grade lymphoma to explore their association with drug resistance of the tumor cells. Dogs were divided into chemotherapy-sensitive (n=13) and -resistant (n=10) groups according to the response to a 6-month modified version of the University of Wisconsin (UW)-Madison chemotherapy protocol (UW-25), and expression levels of these factors and frequency of p53 gene mutation were compared between groups. No significant differences were observed in expression levels of each factor between groups. However, 4 dogs in the chemotherapy-resistant group showed high expression of ABCB1. No significant difference was observed in the frequency of p53 mutation between groups. A possible association of ABCB1 with resistance to UW-25 was shown, but no uniform mechanism associated with drug resistance could be identified in dogs with lymphoma.
Polycomb Associates Genome-wide with a Specific RNA Polymerase II Variant, and Regulates Metabolic Genes in ESCs (2012)

Polycomb repressor complexes (PRCs) are important chromatin modifiers fundamentally implicated in pluripotency and cancer. Polycomb silencing in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be accompanied by active chromatin and primed RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), but the relationship between PRCs and RNAPII remains unclear genome-wide. We mapped PRC repression markers and four RNAPII states in ESCs using ChIP-seq, and found that PRC targets exhibit a range of RNAPII variants. First, developmental PRC targets are bound by unproductive RNAPII (S5p(+)S7p(-)S2p(-)) genome-wide. Sequential ChIP, Ring1B depletion, and genome-wide correlations show that PRCs and RNAPII-S5p physically bind to the same chromatin and functionally synergize. Second, we identify a cohort of genes marked by PRC and elongating RNAPII (S5p(+)S7p(+)S2p(+)); they produce mRNA and protein, and their expression increases upon PRC1 knockdown. We show that this group of PRC targets switches between active and PRC-repressed states within the ESC population, and that many have roles in metabolism.
Sway Reduction on Container Cranes Using Delayed Feedback Controller: Simulations and Experiments (2003)

Traditionally, container cranes are modeled as a simple pendulum with a lumped mass at the end of a cable. In the case of large container cranes, the actual configuration of the hoisting mechanism is significantly different; it consists typically of a set of four hoisting cables. These cables are hoisted from four different points on the trolley and are attached on the load side to four points on a spreader bar used to lift containers. The dynamics of the actual hoisting assembly of a container crane is different from that of a simple pendulum. A controller design based on the actual model will more likely result in a response superior to those based on simple models. In this work, a nonlinear mathematical model of the actual container crane is developed. A delayed position-feedback controller is designed. Performance of the controller is simulated on a 1/10 scale model of a 65-ton container crane using the full nonlinear model. Simulation results are verified experimentally on a 1/10 scale model of the same container crane.
Engineering challenges of BioNEMS: the integration of microfluidics, micro- and nanodevices, models and external control for systems biology (2006)

Systems biology, i.e. quantitative, postgenomic, postproteomic, dynamic, multiscale physiology, addresses in an integrative, quantitative manner the shockwave of genetic and proteomic information using computer models that may eventually have 10(6) dynamic variables with non-linear interactions. Historically, single biological measurements are made over minutes, suggesting the challenge of specifying 10(6) model parameters. Except for fluorescence and micro-electrode recordings, most cellular measurements have inadequate bandwidth to discern the time course of critical intracellular biochemical events. Micro-array expression profiles of thousands of genes cannot determine quantitative dynamic cellular signalling and metabolic variables. Major gaps must be bridged between the computational vision and experimental reality. The analysis of cellular signalling dynamics and control requires, first, micro- and nano-instruments that measure simultaneously multiple extracellular and intracellular variables with sufficient bandwidth; secondly, the ability to open existing internal control and signalling loops; thirdly, external BioMEMS micro-actuators that provide high bandwidth feedback and externally addressable intracellular nano-actuators; and, fourthly, real-time, closed-loop, single-cell control algorithms. The unravelling of the nested and coupled nature of cellular control loops requires simultaneous recording of multiple single-cell signatures. Externally controlled nano-actuators, needed to effect changes in the biochemical, mechanical and electrical environment both outside and inside the cell, will provide a major impetus for nanoscience.
The Statistical Relationship Between The “Entropy” Of A Neuronal Signal and Its Variability (1980)

We used a serial order nonparametric analysis technique to analyze trains of neuronal action potential intervals in terms of classical information theory. We observed a marked correlation between the information theory descriptor, entropy, and several common measures of variability (median interval length, range of interval length, and skewness of the probability density function). The correlation between variability and entropy was accounted for in the following decreasing order: range of intervals, median interval, and skewness. These data suggest a significant relationship between the signal and its variability and entropy, when entropy is calculated by our serial-order pattern detection method.