gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Handbook of Virtual Environments (2014)

A Complete Toolbox of Theories and TechniquesThe second edition of a bestseller, Handbook of Virtual Environments: Design, Implementation, and Applications presents systematic and extensive coverage of the primary areas of research and development within VE technology. It brings together a comprehensive set of contributed articles that address the
Theoretical Analysis and Design of Longitudinal Leaky SAW Device Consisting of ScA1N Film / Piezoelectric Single Crystal Substrate (2018)

Longitudinal leaky SAW (LLSAW)modes on monolayer piezoelectric substrates possess a high attenuation which cause a low Q factor. Our group reported that the attenuation of LLSAWs was reduced by loading a high velocity AIN film on LiNb0 <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (LN)or LiTa03 substrate. We expected that a high K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , high phase velocity, and low attenuation in LLSAW would be obtained by loading the giant piezoelectric ScAIN film on the piezoelectric single crystal substrate. In this study, LLSAW propagation characteristics on ScAIN films/piezoelectric single crystal substrates (quartz and LN)were theoretically analyzed to investigate the optimized layered structure for LLSAW devices. The K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> maximum of 20% at ScAIN film thickness h/λ=0.09 on (0° 90° 90°)ScAIN/X36°Y LN was approximately 1.4 times higher than that of X36°Y LN. However, the attenuation was not reduced in the ScAIN/LN structure. On the other hand, the attenuation minimum of 0.02 dB/λ was observed at h/λ=0.1 on (0° 90° 90°)ScAIN/AT45°X quartz. The K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of 7% at h/λ =0.1 in the ScAIN/quartz structure was higher than that of approximately 5% in a standard LSAW device with a 36°-42°YX LT substrate for frequency filters. These theoretical results suggest that the layered structure with ScAIN/quartz may have a high Q and high K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in LLSAW devices.
EVALUACIÓN Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DE Phaseolus spp. COMO FUENTE DE RESISTENCIA A Fusarium oxysporum f sp. phaseoli (Fop) (2010)

Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron evaluar con marcadores de DNA, plantas de frijol Tepary (Phaseolus acutifolius) y frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) con distinto nivel de resistencia a Fusarium oxysporum f sp. phaseoli (Fop) y rastrear la herencia de los marcadores de DNA asociados. Se realizaron cruzas de Tepary Pinto x Pinto Americano y Pinto Americano x Bayo Blanco con niveles contrastantes de resistencia al hongo para obtener progenies segregantes F1 y F2. Para la búsqueda de los marcadores asociados se inocularon plántulas progenitoras y F2 con una suspensión de 2.5 x 105 conidios·mL-1 del hongo. DNA de plantas susceptibles y resistentes seleccionadas con base en la presencia de síntomas de marchitamiento u hojas cloróticas y plantas sin síntomas de marchitez, respectivamente, se utilizaron para rastrear los marcadores de DNA asociados a los fenotipos contrastantes de resistencia y susceptibilidad. El análisis molecular se hizo con la técnica DAF-PCR con los iniciadores aleatorios A-01, A-04 y A-13. Se observaron polimorfismos de DNA en las poblaciones F1, lo que indicó la conformación de híbridos entre P. acutifolius y P. vulgaris. En F2 se detectaron marcadores dominantes de P. acutifolius asociados con la resistencia a Fop.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhances intracellular growth of Mycobacterium avium in human macrophages (1992)

Disseminated Mycobacterium avium infections are common in patients with AIDS and result in a reduced life expectancy. Human monocytes/macrophages are important target cells for both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and M. avium. We have studied the interaction in vitro of M. avium and HIV type 1 (HIV-1) in human macrophages. Human monocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy individuals were infected with HIV-1, M. avium, or both. The intracellular growth of M. avium and the replication of HIV-1 were monitored for up to 5 weeks. Intracellular mycobacterial growth was seen in all M. avium infected cell cultures and was paralleled by increased production of interleukin 1 alpha and beta. Preinfection of the macrophages with HIV-1 reduced the interleukin 1 production and accelerated the intracellular growth of M. avium. These findings may explain in part the impaired control of mycobacterial infections seen with patients with AIDS.
Identification of micro-RNA expression profile related to recurrence in women with ESMO low-risk endometrial cancer (2018)

These findings confirm the great interest of micro-RNA-184 as a prognostic tool to improve the management of LREC women.
Cell-type specific expression of Na+,K+-ATPase catalytic subunits in cultured neurons and glia: evidence for polarized distribution in neurons (1993)

Na+,K(+)-ATPase (the sodium pump) is a family of proteins consisting of catalytic (alpha) and glycoprotein (beta) subunit isoforms which are differentially expressed in excitable tissue. To gain insight into the cell-type distribution of sodium pump protein, we determined the expression pattern of fetal rat telencephalic cultures, of telencephalic cultures depleted of neurons, and of pure astrocyte cultures. Isoform-specific antibodies were used for immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry, with supplemental [3H]ouabain binding to assess levels of functional alpha 2/alpha 3 protein. The results show that neurons of mixed telencephalic cultures uniquely express alpha 3 and high levels of alpha 1. The marked similarity in the distribution of microtubule-associated protein-2 and alpha 1 immunocytochemical staining strongly suggests that alpha 1 subunits are enriched in dendrites. Further, highly correlative growth cone-associated protein-43 and alpha 3 staining is consistent with a preferential expression of alpha 3 subunits in axons, which are also characterized by low levels of alpha 1 and no alpha 2 immunoreactivity. Process-bearing glia are intimately associated with neuronal aggregates and express high levels of both alpha 1 and alpha 2 protein, as well as GFAP. Interestingly, polygonal, flat glia not within neuronal aggregates are weakly immunopositive only for alpha 1 and GFAP. Pure astrocytic cultures possess appreciable alpha 1 protein and GFAP, but lack both alpha 2 and alpha 3 immunoreactivity. As predicted by the immunohistochemical findings, [3H]ouabain binding was low in pure astrocytic cultures, and much higher in the neuron-enriched mixed cultures. These observations confirm that neurons express all three catalytic isoforms of the sodium pump. They also suggest that specific alpha-isoforms may be polarized to targeted membrane regions of neurons. Further, glia intimately associated with neurons express alpha 2, bind significant amounts of [3H]ouabain, and possess much higher levels of alpha 1 and GFAP compared to glia not near neurons. Thus, neurons may regulate glial sodium pump expression.
Preparation and evaluation of magnetic nanocomposite fibers containing<i>α</i>″-Fe<sub>16</sub>N<sub>2</sub>and<i>α</i>-Fe nanoparticles in polyvinylpyrrolidone via magneto-electrospinning (2015)

Two kinds of ferromagnetic nanocomposite fiber comprising α″-Fe16N2 and α-Fe nanoparticles (NPs), which have the highest magnetic moments as hard and soft magnetic materials, respectively, embedded in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) have been synthesized via the magneto-electrospinning method. Both α″-Fe16N2 and α-Fe were single-domain core-shell NPs with an average outer diameter of 50 nm and Al2O3 as the shell. Ferrofluid precursors used for the electrospinning were prepared by dispersing these NPs in a PVP-toluene-methanol solution. The results show that applying the magnetic field in the same direction as the electric field resulted in smaller and more uniform fiber diameters. Nanocomposite fibers containing α″-Fe16N2 had smaller diameters than those containing α-Fe NPs. These magnetic-field effects on the fiber formation were explained by referring to the kinetic energy of the moving jet in the electrospinning process. In addition, magnetic hysteresis curves showed an enhancement of the magnetic coercivity (H(c)) and remanence (M(r)) by 22.9% and 22.25%, respectively. These results imply a promising possibility of constructing bulk magnetic materials using α″-Fe16N2 NPs, which furthermore reveals attractive features for many other magnetic applications, such as magnetic sensors.
<title>Holographic optical components for high-brightness single-LCD projectors</title> (1997)

The optical efficiency of a single-LCD projector can be improved by 'spatio-chromatic illumination' method. It consists of an angular separation of the three primary colors combined with a focusing of each color in the corresponding pixel by a microlens array. To perform the spatio-chromatic illumination we present two innovative systems based on volume holographic components. The dispersion property of these components realizes the angular separation of the primary colors, the focusing being performed either by classical or holographic microlens. A complete luminous efficiency analysis of spatio-chromatic illumination with volume holographic elements is reported. The luminous flux analysis will take into account etendue limitation considerations. Experimental results will be given for a prototype of single-LCD projector using a volume holographic grating.
LONGITUDINAL COMPARISON OF CARBOHYDRATE-DEFICIENT TRANSFERRIN AND GAMMA-GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE: COMPLEMENTARY MARKERS OF EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION (1996)

The utility of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) as biochemical markers of excessive alcohol consumption was studied in alcohol-dependent subjects. Serum samples were collected once weekly from 10 male out-patients undergoing a 6-month alcohol treatment programme. Frequency of relapse into drinking (defined as any intake of alcoholic beverage) was assessed by self-reports during patient interviews three times per week and by daily determination of the 5-hydroxytryptophol level in urine. A marked decrease in mean CDT and GGT values was observed during the initial month. Only one patient remained totally abstinent throughout the observation period, while four had sporadic relapses (2-5 days with alcohol consumption). Both CDT and GGT remained below the respective reference limits in those patients. The other five patients drank more frequently (range 22-57 days) and increased their mean levels of CDT and GGT after the initial decrease. As determined from the values at admission and during the course of the study, CDT appeared to be the most sensitive marker in six out of the 10 patients. In one patient, both markers were affected in a parallel way, whereas two of those with frequent relapses responded to alcohol consumption with a marked increase in GGT, but with no or only a slight increase in CDT. One patient did not show any abnormal CDT or GGT values. In 54 female and 60 male serum samples collected at random from patients during admission at an alcohol detoxification unit, 35% and 58% of the CDT values exceeded the reference limits for females and males, respectively. For GGT, 59% of the female and 67% of the male values were above cut-off. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and GGT were not significantly correlated. Taken together, the present results indicate that measurement of both CDT and GGT will increase the possibility of identifying excessive alcohol consumption. By following changes in CDT and GGT values during a period of alcohol withdrawal, the most sensitive individual marker can be determined. This in turn allows for improved detection of relapse into heavy drinking during long-term monitoring of out-patients.
Laser Diagnostics of a Potassium Plasma Using Selective Excitation Spectroscopy (1972)

A thermally tuned Q-switched ruby laser has been used to selectively excite the 6939-A transition in a potassium plasma. A burst of intensified spontaneous emission at both 6911 and 6939 A has been observed. This enhanced emission contains information on the local properties of the plasma as demonstrated by the observed dependence of the signal duration upon the free-electron density.
Monitoring the interference of protein‐protein interactions <b><i>in vivo</i></b> by bimolecular fluorescence complementation: the DnaK case (2008)

Many cellular processes depend on protein-protein interactions. The identification of molecules able to modulate protein contacts is of significant interest for drug discovery and chemical biology. Nevertheless, finding antagonists of protein interactions that work efficiently within the cell is a challenging task. Here, we describe the novel use of bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BIFC) to detect compounds that block the interaction of target proteins in vivo. In the BIFC method, each interaction partner is fused to a complementary fragment of a fluorescent protein and interactions are detected by fluorescence restoration after reporter reassembly. Here, we demonstrate that the inhibition of specific intracellular protein interactions results in a concomitant decrease in fluorescence emission. We also show that integration of BIFC with flow cytometry might provide an effective means to detect interaction modulators by directly reading out changes in the reporter signal. The in vivo application of this approach is illustrated through monitoring the inhibition of the interaction between the Escherichia coli Hsp70 chaperone and a short peptidic substrate by pyrrhocoricin-derived antibacterial peptides.
Relations entre l'état angulaire d'une vapeur atomique soumise au pompage optique et ses propriétés d'absorption et de dispersion - Seconde Partie (1969)

On étudie dans cet article le lien qui existe entre l'anisotropie des propriétés optiques d'une vapeur atomique et les propriétés angulaires des atomes dans l'état fondamental. La direction du faisceau lumineux qui se propage dans la vapeur, ainsi que l'orientation et l'alignement des atomes sont quelconques ; l'influence de chaque observable de l'état fondamental est discutée de manière détaillée à partir d'un modèle géométrique. Ce dernier fait intervenir d'une manière qui est précisée au cours de l'article un vecteur pour caractériser l'orientation, un ellipsoïde pour l'alignement. On retrouve ainsi un certain nombre de prévisions théoriques établies de manière différente dans un précédent article.
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Zn</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Se</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Te</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>multilayers with submonolayer quantities of Te: Type-II quantum structures and isoelectronic centers (2005)

Detailed studies with spectral and time-resolved photoluminescence, photoluminescence excitation, and absorption spectroscopies show the formation of type-II quantum structures (quantum dots) in a $\mathrm{Zn}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Se}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Te}$ multilayer system with submonolayer quantities of Te. Moreover, it is shown that in addition to these quantum dots, Te isoelectronic centers are also present in the same material system and contribute to the photoluminescence emissions. This could be siginificant for the better understanding of the scaling laws between many-atom systems (e.g., quantum dots) and few-atom systems (e.g., isoelectronic centers).
Zur Optik leuchtender Flammen (1952)

Gesetzmäßigkeiten der Temperaturstrahlung leuchtender Flammen. Wellenlängenabhängigkeit der Absorptionskonstanten von Flammenruß im sichtbaren und ultraroten Spektrum. Leuchtende Flammen als trübe Medien. Die Bestimmung der spektralen Strahlungsdichte und der Gesamtstrahlung aus Farb- und schwarzer Temperatur. Größe und Zahl der Rußteilchen in Flammen. Optische Eigenschaften und Verbrennungsablauf.
Luminescence quenching measurements on zeolite L monolayers (2006)

The luminescence quenching of the oxygen sensitive Ru<sup>2+</sup> complex (Ru-ph4-TMS) used as a stopcock and attached to a zeolite L monolayer has been investigated. The luminescence lifetime of the attached Ru-ph4-TMS was the same under N<sub>2</sub> and under O<sub>2</sub> atmosphere. This remarkable result is attributed to the shielding provided by the channels of the zeolite L crystals arranged as a monolayer. The emitting <sup>3</sup>MLCT state of the Ru-ph4-TMS stopcock is localized on the ligand bearing the phenyl groups forming the tail of this complex, which deeply penetrates into the zeolite L channel.
Diversity–Multiplexing Tradeoff in MIMO Channels With Partial CSIT (2007)

The diversity-multiplexing (D-M) tradeoff in a multi antenna channel with optimized resolution-constrained channel state feedback is characterized. The concept of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">minimum guaranteed multiplexing gain</i> in the forward link is introduced and shown to significantly influence the optimal D-M tradeoff. It is demonstrated that power control based on the feedback is instrumental in achieving the D-M tradeoff, and that rate adaptation is important in obtaining a high diversity gain even at high rates. A criterion to determine finite-length codes to be tradeoff optimal is presented, leading to a useful geometric characterization of the class of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">extended approximately universal codes</i> . With codes from this class, the optimal D-M tradeoff is achievable by the combination of a feedback-dependent power controller and a single code-book for single-rate or two codebooks for adaptive-rate transmission. Finally, lower bounds to the optimal D-M tradeoffs based on Gaussian coding arguments are also studied. In contrast to the no-feedback case, these random coding bounds are only asymptotically tight, but can quickly approach the optimal tradeoff even with moderate codeword lengths.
Acoustic viscometer for measurements in gases (1994)

Martin Greenspan and Francis N. Wimenitz [‘‘An Acoustic Viscometer for Gases,’’ NBS Rep. 2658 (1953)] proposed the use of double Helmholtz resonators for measurement of the viscous diffusivity of gases. Such resonators, consisting of two cavities coupled by a duct, have a low-frequency mode where the gas oscillates between the cavities. A theoretical model that includes the viscous and thermal losses in the duct, thermal losses in the cavities, duct-end corrections, and fill ducts, have been developed. The resonator dimensions can be chosen so that the damping of the lowest mode is primarily due to viscous losses at the duct walls, and thermal losses at the cavity walls are very small. Several resonators have been constructed, including all-metal and mainly glass designs. Measurements on argon, helium, and propane samples are in very good agreement with the theoretical model.
InN-based heterojunction photodetector with extended infrared response (2015)

The combination of ZnO, InN, and GaN epitaxial layers is explored to provide long wavelength photodetection capability in the GaN based materials. Growth temperature optimization was performed to obtain the best quality of InN epitaxial layer in the MOCVD system. The temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL) can provide the information about thermal quenching in the InN PL transitions and at least two non-radiative processes can be observed. X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy are applied to confirm the inclusion of indium and the formation of InN layer. The band alignment of such system shows a typical double heterojunction, which is preferred in optoelectronic device operation. The photodetector manufactured by this ZnO/GaN/InN layer can exhibit extended long-wavelength quantum efficiency, as high as 3.55%, and very strong photocurrent response under solar simulator illumination.
Optimal Design of a DC Reset Circuit for Pulse Transformers (2007)

Pulsed power systems often use a pulse transformer to generate high voltage pulses. In order to improve the utilization of the transformer core material usually a dc reset circuit is applied which results in a smaller transformer volume. However, by the use of a reset circuit additional losses are genrated. Usually, in the dimensioning of the reset circuit only the copper losses are considered but these are only a small part of the whole losses. In this paper analytical equations for calculating the losses in the pulsed power system and a method for optimizing a dc reset circuit are presented. With the optimization method a reset circuit for an existing system is designed and the results are validated by simulation and by measurements.
Surge Flow—Automation of Surface Irrigation—At Last (1987)

The studies which led to the development of Surge Flow at Utah State University, began as an effort to automate surface irrigation systems. The first prototype models, were electric control valves modified so they would operate as pneumatic valves at very low pressures. Field trials of the system showed that one furrow stream cycled, or surged, between two furrows would reach the end of the furrow as fast as a furrow stream the same size would if it ran in one furrow continuously. This phenomenon leads to marked improvements in the distribution uniformity of surface irrigation during the advance phase. In the development process, the need to predict advance rates and cut-back times became apparent, and the computer models that were necessary for operating the system were developed. Two operating formats for Surge Flow have developed the USU-ARS T'valves and the USU Kubota Control System, the most sophisticated of the Surge Flow methods that are now commercially available.
Zone inversion in the Bi/sub 2/Se/sub 3/ rich side of Bi/sub 2/Te/sub 3/-Bi/sub 2/Se/sub 3/ solid solution (2003)

Solid solutions of Bi/sub 2/Te/sub 3/-Bi/sub 2/Se/sub 3/ pseudo-binary system were mechanically alloyed, cold pressed and then sintered at different temperatures between 250/spl deg/C and 380/spl deg/C. By sintering specimens for several hours in evacuated ampoules, the equilibrium thermoelectric properties were obtained. Significant differences in thermoelectric properties were found between the sintered materials and the single crystals grown by the conventional solidification processes. Besides the well known composition of Bi/sub 2/Te/sub 2/Se, singular properties were found at the composition of Bi/sub 2/TeSe/sub 2/. In the Bi/sub 2/Se/sub 3/ rich region, the thermal conductivity at room temperature showed unusual behaviour. The most plausible explanation for such phenomena appeared to be the inversion of conduction and valence zones. Detailed examination of the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity confirmed this explanation.