gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adding a Clearing Agent to Pretargeting Does Not Lower the Tumor Accumulation of the Effector as Predicted (2010)

Clearing agents are often used in pretargeting despite the potential for decreased tumor accumulation of the effector. However, according to the authors' semiempirical model, a clearing agent should not necessarily decrease tumor accumulation. In this study, the authors have added a clearing step to their model-morpholino phosphorodiamidate oligomer (MORF)/complement MORF (cMORF) pretargeting system-to confirm this prediction. The CC49 antibody was conjugated with both biotin and an 18 mer MORF. The influence of avidin on antibody clearance was first evaluated in normal mice in which each animal received 30 μg of MORF-CC49-biotin, 0-70 μg of avidin 1 day later, and 1.2 μg of ⁹⁹(m)Tc-cMORF 3 hours later, with sacrifice at 3 hours. Thereafter, a pretargeting study in mice bearing an LS174T tumor was performed at a 34 μg avidin dosage. In normal mice, the blood level of ⁹⁹(m)Tc-cMORF fell by 60% at an avidin dosage of 10 μg or higher. In tumored mice, avidin produced a similar reduction in blood but had no influence on tumor level, which remained at 6.30% ID/g as predicted. In conclusion, in addition to the expected reduced effector levels in blood and normal tissues, a reduction in tumor accumulation was avoided when adding a clearing agent as predicted.
Comparative analysis of different biofactories for the production of a major diabetes autoantigen (2013)

The 65-kDa isoform of human glutamic acid decarboxylase (hGAD65) is a major diabetes autoantigen that can be used for the diagnosis and (more recently) the treatment of autoimmune diabetes. We previously reported that a catalytically-inactive version (hGAD65mut) accumulated to tenfold higher levels than its active counterpart in transgenic tobacco plants, providing a safe and less expensive source of the protein compared to mammalian production platforms. Here we show that hGAD65mut is also produced at higher levels than hGAD65 by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana (using either the pK7WG2 or MagnICON vectors), in insect cells using baculovirus vectors, and in bacterial cells using an inducible-expression system, although the latter system is unsuitable because hGAD65mut accumulates within inclusion bodies. The most productive of these platforms was the MagnICON system, which achieved yields of 78.8 μg/g fresh leaf weight (FLW) but this was substantially less than the best-performing elite transgenic tobacco plants, which reached 114.3 μg/g FLW after six generations of self-crossing. The transgenic system was found to be the most productive and cost-effective although the breeding process took 3 years to complete. The MagnICON system was less productive overall, but generated large amounts of protein in a few days. Both plant-based systems were therefore advantageous over the baculovirus-based production platform in our hands.
Laser interferometry studies of polymeric membrane formation (1993)

The various processes by which polymeric membranes are formed all involve the solidification of an initially homogenous liquid phase. In order to validate a predictive model for these formation processed, it is necessary to make real-time noninvasive measurements of important process parameters. Although techniques have been described recently for the acquisition of mass and temperature data, no procedures have been reported for the measurement of instantaneous film thickness even though this is a particularly critical process variable. In response to this need, the authors have developed a novel laser interferometry technique which permits changes as small as 0.2 microns in film thickness to be measured. Utilizing this technique, real-time film thickness data for the cellulose acetate-acetone-water system have been obtained and compared with the dry-cast process model developed by the authors` group. It has been found that the experimental results and the model predictions are in good agreement. The theoretical basis for interference measurements, the experimental considerations in the utilization of a laser light source and the general applicability of the experimental technique also will be discussed.
Two hundred years of flammable limits (2002)

Abstract This article discusses flammable limit test methods with reference to the past 200 years of research. Critical examination is made of the various pressure rise criteria currently used to determine whether flame propagation has occurred in closed test vessels. Of these, the most appropriate, with respect to vessels of 5‐20 liters volume, is judged to be the “net 7%” pressure rise criterion described in ASTM E‐2079. Since the tests are typically carried out in spherical vessels with central ignition, only a small fraction of the limit mixture burns and consequently a small pressure rise criterion must be used. Also, it is impossible to determine the product distribution for near‐limit flames. A small pressure rise criterion may cause the flammable range to be overestimated, particularly at the upper limit. For non‐routine and standardization purposes at least, use of a tall, large diameter, cylindrical vessel with bottom ignition is suggested. European test methods are creating a database of flammable limit values outside the range of compositions at which flames can self‐propagate. The objective of flammable limit measurement should be to obtain close agreement with large‐scale observations and, ultimately, with theoretical models for self‐propagating flames. It is recommended that “flammable limits” measured using DIN 51649 and European Standard prEN1839 (or closed vessel methods striving to obtain values consistent with these) not be mixed with the existing database because they correspond to fuel concentrations that do not support flame propagation in any orientation.
RELATIVE ENERGY DIAGRAM OF THE LOWEST UNOCCUPIED MOLECULAR ORBITALS OF OXO-, THIO- AND SELENO-VANADIUM (IV) PORPHYRINS, AS INFERRED FROM COMBINED XANES AND ESR DATA (1986)

The XANES spectra of oxo- thio- and seleno-vanadium (IV) porphyrins together with ESR measurements on these compounds have been used to study the energy diagram of the 3d-like molecular orbitals. Possibilities for extracting an approximate value of the spin-orbit coupling constant are discussed on the basis of experimental data and theoretical results.
Quantifying Cellular Response to Treatment and Dynamic Behaviors Using Quantitative Phase Microscopy (QPM) (2014)

QPM is utilized to quantify cellular response before, during and after treatment to discern reaction mechanisms, morphology changes and connect structure to function. Results highlight changes in optical thickness, optical volume and dry cell mass.
Biosynthesis of Psoralen: Mechanism of a Cytochrome P450 Catalyzed Oxidative Bond Cleavage (1999)

In contrast to the stepwise oxidative dealkylation of steroids [Eq. (1)], (+)-marmesin (1) is directly converted by the psoralen synthase (a cytochrome P450) into the phototoxic furanocoumarin psoralen (2) and acetone. The dealkylation proceeds as a syn elimination.
Effects of Phosphorus Diffusions in Epitaxial Silicon Layers (1968)

The diffusion of phosphorus into epitaxial silicon has been investigated by evaluating the electrical and structural characteristics of the epitaxial diffused guard‐ring junctions. The effects of stacking faults in epitaxial silicon on the junction characteristics were found to depend on the surface condition of the epitaxial layer before diffusion. Localized breakdown, as evidenced by light emission, was observed at the stacking fault grooves only when the epitaxial layer was etched before diffusion. Stacking faults were also found to be transformed into other defects after diffusion; chemical etching of the epitaxial layer also had a great influence on this transformation. Dislocations were observed in the phosphorus‐diffused regions. The dislocations occur in hexagonal networks parallel to the diffusion front and come to the surface at the intersection of the junction and the surface in planar devices. Guarded junctions formed by these phosphorus diffusions exhibit localized breakdown with microplasma phenomena. The dislocation density was determined and correlated reasonably well with Prussin's model.
Room temperature synthesis of hybrid organic–inorganic nanocomposites containing Eu2+ (1998)

For the first time, the room temperature synthesis of new Eu2+ doped hybrid materials together with their absorption and emission properties are reported. These hybrids containing Eu2+ and a small amount of Eu3+ are obtained through the hydrolysis and condensation of diethoxymethylsilane, methyltriethoxysilane and zirconium tetrapropoxide precursors in the presence of europium trichloride. These Eu2+ doped materials exhibit a strong host dependent Eu2+ luminescence, the intensity of which does not change upon air storage, confirming that Eu2+ ions are efficiently trapped inside these hybrid matrices.
Huntingtin-interacting protein 1 is overexpressed in prostate and colon cancer and is critical for cellular survival (2002)

Huntingtin-interacting protein 1 (HIP1) is a cofactor in clathrin-mediated vesicle trafficking. It was first implicated in cancer biology as part of a chromosomal translocation in leukemia. Here we report that HIP1 is expressed in prostate and colon tumor cells, but not in corresponding benign epithelia. The relationship between HIP1 expression in primary prostate cancer and clinical outcomes was evaluated with tissue microarrays. HIP1 expression was significantly associated with prostate cancer progression and metastasis. Conversely, primary prostate cancers lacking HIP1 expression consistently showed no progression after radical prostatectomy. In addition, the expression of HIP1 was elevated in prostate tumors from the transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer (TRAMP). At the molecular level, expression of a dominant negative mutant of HIP1 led to caspase-9–dependent apoptosis, suggesting that HIP1 is a cellular survival factor. Thus, HIP1 may play a role in tumorigenesis by allowing the survival of precancerous or cancerous cells. HIP1 might accomplish this via regulation of clathrin-mediated trafficking, a fundamental cellular pathway that has not previously been associated with tumorigenesis. HIP1 represents a putative prognostic factor for prostate cancer and a potential therapy target in prostate as well as colon cancers.
Immobilisation of Cardosin A in Chitosan Sponges as a Novel Implant for Drug Delivery (2005)

Cardosin A is extracted from the pistils of the plant Cynara cardunculus L. and chitosan is a polysaccharide derived from chitin with valuable properties as a biomaterial. In this work we report our experiments on the synthesis of chitosan sponges and immobilisation of cardosin A, by entrapment. We observed that 10-15% of the incorporated cardosin A were released over 6 days of incubation. In addition, we could also note that this immobilisation procedure did not induce any specificity alterations on cardosin A. The specificity study of the enzyme, using beta-chain of oxidised insulin, showed that the immobilised and released enzymes have the same hydrolysis pattern as the free enzyme. The ability of this enzyme to hydrolyse type I collagen was maintained, after the immobilisation procedure. The biocompatibility in vivo of these sponges was evaluated by histological staining after implantation in rats submitted to abdominal surgery. Results of this study demonstrated that these chitosan sponges are very promising vehicles for the application of cardosin A, in abdominal cavity for prevention and reduction of the adhesions formation.
Isoflurane???A Powerful Coronary Vasodilator in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease (1984)

To use the word “powerful” in the title of a pharmacology paper in a respected journal leaves much to be desired. Readers of the title alone would assume that these authors have reported that isoflurane was beneficial for those patients with coronary artery disease. Actually, they are contending the opposite. Therefore, not only is the use of the word “powerful” in the title of the paper pharmacologically meaningless, but the entire title is misleading. Despite my objections to the title, this is a significant paper. To my view, the authors have demonstrated that a predominantly vasodilating anesthetic such as isoflurane, left to its own devices, may result in sufficient lowering of peripheral vascular resistance to produce decreased coronary artery perfusion pressure, coupled with increased heart rate presumably of a reflex nature, so that myocardial ischemia was probable in 10 of the 21 patients studied. This paper has demonstrated to me that a coronary steal phenomenon probably did occur in at least some of these patients. There are some problems with the above interpretation, however. First of all, the patient's “control” mean arterial pressures, averaging 113 mm. Hg, seem inordinately high. It is possible that these patients were under considerably greater sympathetic stimuli preoperatively than the usual preoperative cardiac surgical patients, and, therefore, the vasodilation obtained with isoflurane might have been more significant than one would see with more adequately sedated patients. Finally, I return to the central theme of this paper that isoflurane is a “powerful coronary vasodilator.” I think that these authors have clearly shown that we do not necessarily need a “powerful” coronary vasodilator. These authors have confirmed, in a way, previous work, which concluded that nitroprus-side, another “powerful” coronary vasodilator, could also enhance myocardial ischemia under the right circumstances.
Estimation of breakthrough time for water coning in fractured systems: Experimental study and connectionist modeling (2014)

Water coning in petroleum reservoirs leads to lower well productivity and higher operational costs. Adequate knowledge of coning phenomena and breakthrough time is essential to overcome this issue. A series of experiments using fractured porous media models were conducted to investigate the effects of production process and pore structure characteristics on water coning. In addition, a hybrid artificial neural network (ANN) with particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was applied to predict breakthrough time of water coning as a function of production rate and physical model properties. Data from the literature combined with experimental data generated in this study were used to develop and verify the ANN‐PSO model. A good correlation was found between the predicted and real data sets having an absolute maximum error percentage less than 9%. The developed ANN‐PSO model is able to estimate breakthrough time and critical production rate with higher accuracy compared to the conventional or back propagation (BP) ANN (ANN‐BP) and common correlations. The presence of vertical fractures was found to accelerate considerably the water coning phenomena during oil production. Results of this study using combined data suggest the potential application of ANN‐PSO in predicting the water breakthrough time and critical production rate that are critical in designing and evaluating production strategies for naturally fractured reservoirs. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 60: 1905–1919, 2014
Substituent effects of methoxy, methyl, and vinyl groups on glow discharge polymerization (1984)

Abstract Glow discharge polymerizations in systems of trimethoxymethylsilane, trimethoxyvinylsilane, tetramethylsilane, and trimethylvinylsilane were compared by elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and ESCA to reveal effects of methoxyl, methyl, and vinyl substituents. The substituent effects appeared in the chemical composition of the polymers formed especially at low W/FM values. Methoxy groups depressed the C/Si and H/Si ratios of the polymers rather than the methyl groups, whereas vinyl groups increased the C/Si and H/Si ratios. On IR spectra the polymers formed from silanes that contained methoxy groups showed fewer absorptions due to SiH groups and strong absorptions due to SiOH groups. The polymers from those that contained no methoxy groups showed absorptions of SiH groups and no absorptions of SiOH groups. These differences in the environment of Si atoms of polymeric chains also appeared in the Si 2p core level spectra, thus indicating the different fragmentation patterns of the starting materials in glow discharge.
Virtual Angioscopy Using 3-Dimensional Rotational Digital Subtraction Angiography for Endovascular Assessment (2002)

3D DSA and virtual angioscopy are novel techniques that have been successful in recreating images of blood vessels immediately after angiography. These techniques could be useful as additional imaging modalities to complement computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of vascular diseases after endovascular therapy.
Borderless Natural Product Chemistry (2018)

This article introduces two topics regarding borderless natural product chemistry which has been conducted in our laboratory. The first theme presents the extraction and isolation of natural products from plant materials using ionic liquids that dissolve cellulose. Example of the study shows that shikimic acid was efficiently extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves using [C4mim]Cl. In the second topic, natural amino acid syntheses for clinical applications are shown. Desmosine and isodesmosine are tetrasubstituted pyridinium amino acids and are elastin crosslinkers as well as COPD biomarkers. The syntheses were achieved via palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, or Pr(OTf)3-promoted Chichibabin pyridinium synthesis.
Tritium and helium: 3 as groundwater age tracers in the Borden Aquifer (1992)

Vertical profiles of 3 H and He isotope ratios have been measured in groundwater from the well‐characterized Borden aquifer, Ontario. The sum of 3 H and tritiogenic 3 He ( 3 He * ) is used as an equivalent nondecaying tracer, while the ratio of 3 He * to 3 H is used to compute groundwater ages. The mid‐1960s 3 H peak is not always apparent using the 3 H data because both dispersion and radioactive decay have significantly reduced the magnitude of the 3 H bomb peak. However, the sum of 3 H and 3 He * clearly defines the bomb peak at several locations. The accuracy of the 3 H/ 3 He dating method depends on the ability of the saturated zone to retain 3 He * against diffusive loss at the water table and on the amount of dispersive mixing that occurs within the saturated zone of shallow unconfined aquifers. Helium 3 confinement is strong while dispersive mixing is weak in the Borden aquifer, resulting in an excellent delineation of groundwater travel times. Computed 3 H/ 3 He age profiles are compared with travel times predicted using a previously calibrated flow model. Although the 3 H/ 3 He age profiles are vertically offset from the modeled travel times, the travel time and 3 H/ 3 He age gradients compare exceptionally well. Recharge rates have been computed using the 3 H/ 3 He age gradients and vary from 62 cm yr −1 beneath the Borden landfill to 14 cm yr −1 north of the landfill. The 3 H/ 3 He‐computed recharge agrees well with the recharge function used in previous flow modeling.
Vectorial Magnetization Modeling of a Thin Shell Structure Undergoing High Magneto-Mechanical effects in Low Field (2011)

International audience
68Ga-PSMA HBED-CC PET/MRI in intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer improves the intraprostatic tumor localization compared to multiparametric MR (2016)

28 Objectives Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-ligand PET shows promising results in recurrent prostate cancer (PC) and preliminary studies state its usefulness also for primary PC. Multiparametric MR (mpMR) is currently the gold standard for evaluation of the intraprostatic spread of primary PC. Aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic performance of combining the molecular signal from 68Ga-PSMA HBED-CC PET with dedicated mpMR by using integrated PET/MRI for localization of primary PC within the prostate and comparing it to mpMR and PET alone. Methods 68Ga-PSMA HBED-CC PET/MRI was performed in 66 men with biopsy-proven PC with 53 (n=25 intermediate, n=28 high-risk patients) included in the final analysis. The prostate was divided into sextants for histopathology and co-registered with imaging. Three independent readers blinded to histopathology assessed mpMR using PIRADS v1, PET and combined 68Ga-PSMA HBED-CC PET/MRI using a 5-point Lickert scale. SUVmax and SUVmean was measured in each sextant. On patient base sensitivity of 68Ga-PSMA HBED-CC PET/MRI, PET-imaging and mpMR was calculated after dichotomization of data. On sextant base diagnostic performance was calculated based on receiver-operating-characteristics (ROC) analysis for each modality for all patients and separated for intermediate and high-risk patients. Histopathology was performed on sextant base with determination of the largest tumor and the highest Gleason Score per sextant. Results 202 of 318 (63.5%) sextants contained cancer at pathologic examination. On patient base sensitivities of mpMR, PET-imaging and 68Ga-PSMA HBED-CC PET/MRI on a patient basis were 66.0%, 92.5% and 98.1%, respectively. PET-imaging and PET/MRI statistically significantly outperformed mpMR (p Conclusions 68Ga-PSMA HBED-CC PET/MRI improves diagnostic accuracy for PC localization compared to mpMR. Prospective studies are warranted and promising to evaluate e.g. its potential for biopsy guidance.
Basic fibroblast growth factor stimulates 3H-thymidine uptake in retinal venular and capillary endothelial cells in vivo. (1990)

Recent studies have found basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), an angiogenic peptide, in retina and have suggested that bFGF is responsible for retinal vascular proliferation. To test the hypothesis that bFGF stimulates 3H-thymidine uptake in retinal vascular cells in vivo, we injected bFGF (100 ng) into the vitreous cavity of six cats at 0 hr and again at 24 hr. Eight control eyes received boiled bFGF or no injection. After 46 hr, 3H-thymidine was injected into the vitreous cavity of all eyes and 2 hr later the eyes were enucleated. Intense 3H-thymidine uptake was seen in eyes with bFGF (56 +/- 20 SD positive cells per section) but not in control eyes (7-10 positive cells per section (P less than 0.001). Trypsin digest preparations showed that the thymidine uptake was predominantly in the venular (89%) and capillary (10%) endothelium and not in arterioles (1%) (P less than 0.001). The data suggest that retinal venular endothelial cells respond preferentially to exogenous bFGF, and in part may explain their prominent role in the neovascular process. In a second group of experiments to test the hypothesis that retinal ischemia releases a diffusable factor similar to bFGF that can cause 3H-thymidine uptake in retinal vascular cells, we created branch retinal vein occlusion in six cat eyes. The fellow eyes received no injections. In the eyes with branch vein occlusion there was an intense 3H-thymidine uptake within the distribution of the occluded vein (84 +/- 77 SD positive cells per section), but none in the areas outside the occluded vein (P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)