gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The genetic basis for aortic aneurysmal disease (2014)

Aortic aneurysms are an important cause of cardiovascular death in elderly patients. At present, little is known of the pathobiology of aneurysmal disease and this limits the ability to develop non-surgical treatments to stabilise aneurysms. Both thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) demonstrate a strong genetic component in their aetiology. Determination of the genetic variants associated with aneurysmal disease is one approach to increasing the understanding the pathways leading to aneurysmal degeneration of the aorta. In this review, we aim to summarise the current knowledge of the genetics underlying the two most common disease phenotypes, thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and AAA. Genetically, AAA represent a multifactorial disease, with the likelihood that there are multiple variants of very low effect sizes contributing to the overall genetic disease risk. Non-syndromic TAA appears to be associated with a smaller number of risk loci with higher individual effect sizes at these loci. Candidate gene and genome-wide approaches have identified robust associations between AAA and variants in/nearby the SORT1, low-density lipoprotein receptor, DAB2IP, LRP1, ELN, CRP, TGFB and various matrix metallo-proteinase genes suggesting that aberrations of lipid metabolism and proteolytic pathways are the key contributors to disease. Some of these associations (eg, LRP1) are not associated with atherosclerosis, suggesting pathways unique to AAA. Genetic variants associated with non-syndromic TAA (ACTA2 and MYH11) are related to the TGFβ pathway, strongly implicated in syndromic TAA, thus suggesting a common pathway between syndromic and non-syndromic TAA.
Optimizing measurement geometry for seismic near-surface full waveform inversion (2017)

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is an increasingly popular tool for analysing seismic data. Current practise is to record seismic data sets that are suitable for reflection processing, that is, a very dense spatial sampling and a high fold are required. Using tools from optimized experimental design (ED), we demonstrate that such a dense sampling is not necessary for FWI purposes. With a simple noise-free acoustic example, we show that only a few suitably selected source positions are required for computing high-quality images. A second, more extensive study includes elastic FWI with noise-contaminated data and free-surface boundary conditions on a typical near-surface setup, where surface waves play a crucial role. The study reveals that it is sufficient to employ a receiver spacing in the order of the minimum shear wavelength expected. Furthermore, we show that horizontally oriented sources and multicomponent receivers are the preferred option for 2-D elastic FWI, and we found that with a small amount of carefully selected source positions, similarly good results can be achieved, as if as many sources as receivers would have been employed. For the sake of simplicity, we assume in our simulations that the full data information content is available, but data pre-processing and the presence of coloured noise may impose restrictions. Our ED procedure requires an a priori subsurface model as input, but tests indicate that a relatively crude approximation to the true model is adequate. A further pre-requisite of our ED algorithm is that a suitable inversion strategy exists that accounts for the non-linearity of the FWI problem. Here, we assume that such a strategy is available. For the sake of simplicity, we consider only 2-D FWI experiments in this study, but our ED algorithm is sufficiently general and flexible, such that it can be adapted to other configurations, such as crosshole, vertical seismic profiling or 3-D surface setups, also including larger scale exploration experiments. It also offers interesting possibilities for analysing existing large-scale data sets that are too large to be inverted. With our methodology, it is possible to extract a small (and thus invertible) subset that offers similar information content as the full data set.
다양한 고구마를 이용하여 제조한 막걸리의 최적화 (2013)

국내산 고구마를 이용하여 고품질의 고구마 막걸리를 개발하기 위해 다양한 방법의 고구마 막걸리 제조 방법 선정과 믹스쳐 디자인을 이용한 고구마 막걸리의 최적 배합비를 산출하였다. 엿기름 첨가 유무에 따른 혼합당화, 분리당화발효법을 이용하여 고구마 막걸리를 제조한 결과, 동시당화발효를 이용하여 고구마 막걸리를 제조하는 것이 적합함을 확인하였다. 최적의 고구마 막걸리 배합비를 구하기 위하여 쌀, 고구마, 물 세 가지 재료 요인으로 mixture design을 이용하여 다양한 배합비를 결정한 후, 고구마 막걸리를 제조하였다. 또한 제조된 고구마 막걸리의 선호도, 총 폴리페놀 함량, DPPH 라디칼소거능을 측정하여 통계적 모델링과 분석을 하였고, trace plot 및 contour plot을 이용하여 각 재료의 함량이 반응값에 미치는 영향을 확인할 수 있었다. 프로그램에 의해 예측된 고구마 막걸리의 최적 배합비는 15.11(쌀) : 44.89(고구마) : 40(물)이었으며, 이 배합비에 따른 반응값의 예상치는 선호도 6.17, 총폴리페놀 함량이 414.95㎎ GAE/l, DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 38.02%로 예측되었다. 최적배합비를 바탕으로 일반고구마, 호박고구마, 자색고구마를 이용하여 고구마 막걸리를 제조한 결과, 호박고구마 막걸리의 알코올 함량이 5.83%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 총폴리페놀 함량과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 자색고구마 막걸리>호박고구마 막걸리>일반고구마 막걸리의 순서로 높게 나타났다.
Super-resolution imaging based on the temperature-dependent electron-phonon collision frequency effect of metal thin films (2018)

We herein propose a far-field super-resolution imaging with metal thin films based on the temperature-dependent electron–phonon collision frequency effect. In the proposed method, neither fluorescence labeling nor any special properties are required for the samples. The 100 nm lands and 200 nm grooves on the Blu-ray disk substrates were clearly resolved and imaged through a laser scanning microscope of wavelength 405 nm. The spot size was approximately 0.80 μm, and the imaging resolution of 1/8 of the laser spot size was experimentally obtained. This work can be applied to the far-field super-resolution imaging of samples with neither fluorescence labeling nor any special properties.
THE NEW TRADE THEORY AND ECONOMIC POLICY (1987)

THE NEW TRADE THEORY AND ECONOMIC POLICY Get access Christopher Bliss Christopher Bliss Nuffield CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Volume 3, Issue 1, SPRING 1987, Pages 20–36, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/3.1.20 Published: 01 March 1987
Closed vertebral biopsy (1983)

A study of cadaveric vertebral biopsy and a review of 100 clinical biopsies has shown that needles and trephines producing tissue specimens of two millimetres or more in diameter can be expected to give a high degree of diagnostic accuracy. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was a more useful screening investigation than were estimations of serum alkaline phosphatase. The complications are described. It is suggested that patients with painful thoracic metastases and evidence of progressive cord compression should have early decompression after open biopsy if further neurological compromise is to be prevented.
Isoprotein specificity in the hepatic uptake of apolipoprotein E and the pathogenesis of familial dysbetalipoproteinemia. (1980)

The uptake and catabolism of lamellar complexes of rat 125I-labeled apolipoprotein (apo) E with egg lecithin were increased severalfold in perfused livers of rats given large amounts of 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol for 5 days. Estrogen-stimulated uptake of lamellar complexes of human apo E that contained all of the major normally occurring "isoforms" of the protein (apo E-1, E-2, E-3, and E-4) was comparable to that of rat apo E. By contrast, uptake of complexes containing apo E from individuals with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (dys beta LP; characterized by a lack of apo E-3 and E-4) was stimualted to a much smaller extent. With complexes containing individual isoforms of human apo E, it was shown that estrogen-stimulated hepatic uptake was largely confined to apo E-3 and E-4; uptake of apo E-2 from normolipoproteinemic or dys beta LP individuals, or of apo E-1 from the latter, was stimulated little or not at all. When considered in the light of available information about the hepatic uptake of lipoproteins and the metabolic defect in familial dys beta LP, these results are consistent with the following hypothesis: (i) apo E comprises an essential component of the site for normal recognition of remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by a specific hepatic receptor; (ii) accumulation of remnant lipoproteins in familial dys beta LP is caused by lack of apo E-3 and E-4, which are the forms of this protein that are primarily recognized by the receptor; and (iii) the normal conversion of remnants of very low density lipoproteins to low density lipoproteins is mediated by the hepatic remnant receptor.
Cell-Intrinsic In Vivo Requirement for the E47–p21 Pathway in Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (2013)

Major regulators of long-term hematopoietic stem cell (LT-HSC) self-renewal and proliferation have been identified, but knowledge of their in vivo interaction in a linear pathway is lacking. In this study, we show a direct genetic link between the transcription factor E47 and the major cell cycle regulator p21 in controlling LT-HSC integrity in vivo under repopulation stress. Numerous studies have shown that E47 activates p21 transcription in hematopoietic subsets in vitro, and we now reveal the in vivo relevance of the E47-p21 pathway by reducing the gene dose of each factor individually (E47(het) or p21(het)) versus in tandem (E47(het)p21(het)). E47(het)p21(het) LT-HSCs and downstream short-term hematopoietic stem cells exhibit hyperproliferation and preferential susceptibility to mitotoxin compared to wild-type or single haploinsufficient controls. In serial adoptive transfers that rigorously challenge self-renewal, E47(het)p21(het) LT-HSCs dramatically and progressively decline, indicating the importance of cell-intrinsic E47-p21 in preserving LT-HSCs under stress. Transient numeric recovery of downstream short-term hematopoietic stem cells enabled the production of functionally competent myeloid but not lymphoid cells, as common lymphoid progenitors were decreased, and peripheral lymphocytes were virtually ablated. Thus, we demonstrate a developmental compartment-specific and lineage-specific requirement for the E47-p21 pathway in maintaining LT-HSCs, B cells, and T cells under hematopoietic repopulation stress in vivo.
Low-cost, high-throughput fabrication of cloth-based microfluidic devices using a photolithographical patterning technique (2015)

In this work, we first report a facile, low-cost and high-throughput method for photolithographical fabrication of microfluidic cloth-based analytical devices (μCADs) by simply using a cotton cloth as a substrate material and employing an inexpensive hydrophobic photoresist laboratory-formulated from commercially available reagents, which allows patterning of reproducible hydrophilic-hydrophobic features in the cloth with well-defined and uniform boundaries. Firstly, we evaluated the wicking properties of cotton cloths by testing the wicking rate in the cloth channel, in combination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. It is demonstrated that the wicking properties of the cloth microfluidic channel can be improved by soaking the cloth substrate in 20 wt% NaOH solution and by washing the cloth-based microfluidic patterns with 3 wt% SDS solution. Next, we studied the minimum dimensions achievable for the width of the hydrophobic barriers and hydrophilic channels. The results indicate that the smallest width for a desired hydrophobic barrier is designed to be 100 μm and that for a desired hydrophilic channel is designed to be 500 μm. Finally, the high-throughput μCADs prepared using the developed fabrication technique were demonstrated for colorimetric assays of glucose and protein in artificial urine samples. It has been shown that the photolithographically patterned μCADs have potential for a simple, quantitative colorimetric urine test. The combination of cheap cloth and inexpensive high-throughput photolithography enables the development of new types of low-cost cloth-based microfluidic devices, such as "microzone plates" and "gate arrays", which provide new methods to perform biochemical assays or control fluid flow.
Contribution of the monkey corticomotoneuronal system to the control of force in precision grip (1993)

1. The contribution of 33 corticomotoneuronal (CM) cells, recorded in the primary motor cortex, to the production of precision grip force has been investigated in four monkeys (Macaca nemestrina). These CM cells were shown, by spike-triggered averaging, to facilitate electromyographic (EMG) activity of hand and forearm muscles. 2. Single-cell recordings were obtained as the monkey performed a low force precision grip task under either isometric or auxotonic conditions. The monkey had to produce independent control of the forces exerted by the thumb and index finger and maintain them for 1-1.5 s. Steady force segments of data were selected trial-by-trial from these hold periods. For each segment the following mean values were determined: 1) CM cell firing rate, 2) EMG activity of facilitated muscles, and 3) index finger, thumb, and total force. 3. Of the 33 CM cells, 18 had a phasic-tonic pattern of discharge during the task, 7 were tonic, 5 had a ramplike increase, and 3 were deactivated during the hold period. 4. Of the 33 cells analyzed, 11 showed a significant positive (P < 0.05) correlation of their mean firing rate with static force; 4 of them had high correlation coefficients (P < 0.001). There was a considerable trial-by-trial variability in the cells' activity-force relationship. Six CM cells had significant negative correlations between their activity and isometric force (5 at the P < 0.001 level), showing lower firing rates with higher forces. 5. The force sensitivity of the CM cells, calculated from the rate-force slopes, was higher for either the thumb or the index finger force. Under isometric conditions the mean rate-force slopes, calculated from the best correlated digit force, was 32.4 Hz/N for eight positively correlated cells and -21.3 Hz/N for the cells with a negative correlation. 6. Correlation between CM cell spike activity and force was more common among neurons with slowly conducting axons (4/6 correlated) than for those with fast axons (13/27). 7. Significant correlations between target muscle EMG and force were always positive. The correlations between CM cell firing rate and target muscle EMG were comparable with those found between firing rate and force. Three of the CM cells with a negative correlation to force also had a negative correlation with EMG in one of their target muscles. 8. Each CM cell facilitated the EMG activity of one to five target muscles; postspike facilitation (PSF) was most common among intrinsic hand muscles (68/82 CM cell/muscle combinations).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Delay effects in brain dynamics (2009)

This brief introductory paper reviews the methods and the results presented in the special issue. The general destabilizing effects of time delays in nonlinear dynamical systems are summarized and some similarities in the philosophical approaches of neural systems research in distinct disciplines are pointed out. All the invited papers focus on the central role of time delays in the dynamics of neural systems. The research contributions are set in order according to the increasing number of neurons involved in the corresponding study from a couple of neurons through neural fields to populations and clusters of neurons.
Study on the preparation of the catalysts for synthesis of melamine from urea (2001)

The novel catalysts having a significantly higher activity for synthesis of melamine from urea,have been developed by mixed with zeolite or zeolite and metal cation.The activities of the reaction over Si Al Z,Si Al Z M were increased 15%,20% respectively.The result of NH_3 TPR indicated that the acidic centers over the catalysts for synthesis of melamine from urea is the active centers of the reaction.
Adaptive Impedance Matching Circuits Based on Ferroelectric and Semiconductor Varactors. (2009)

I would like to thank everyone who had helped me during the years of my doc-toral study. First of all, I would like to thank my advisor Professor Amir Mortazawi for his support, guidance, and encouragement. Next, I would like to thank Profes-sor Jamie Phillips, Professor Wayne Stark, Professor David Wentzloff, and Professor
Chemotaxis in Bacteria (1975)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Addition of fresh medium induces cell cycle and conformation changes in p53, a tumour suppressor protein. (1990)

Using analytical flow cytometry we have monitored changes in the conformation of p53 through the cell cycle under different conditions of cell growth. Conformational variants of murine p53 are characterized by reactivity with monoclonal antibodies PAb246, PAb248 and PAb421. In proliferating cells, p53 conformation was independent of the cell cycle. Addition of fresh medium, however, resulted in loss of p53 reactivity with PAb246 (p53-246(0]. Mutant p53, which lacks suppressor function, is also p53-246(0). Thus in SV3T3 cells p53-246(0) may reflect a change in p53 tertiary structure that is induced by growth stimulation and is compatible with the normal cell growth response. We argue that p53-246(0) and p53-246+ may exert positive and negative constraints in cell growth control. By stabilising p53-246(0) activating mutants of p53 would favour cell proliferation with dominant effect.
Multiple word/bit line redundancy for semiconductor memories (1978)

Multiple word/bit line redundancy techniques at the chip level are shown to be powerful enough to obtain good yields for chips with much higher rates of faults/chip than without redundancy. This is possible because, in many instances, chips which are rejected as being bad still have a high percentage of usable bits on them. The redundancy techniques described consist of putting spare decoders and spare word and bit lines on a chip in order to be able to replace defective lines of the chip with good lines while still maintaining the same address. Based on a first-pass design of a 16K chip, a significant improvement in the number of usable bits per wafer appears possible. The leverage for improvement is shown to be strongly dependent upon the type of cell, the layout, and the technology used.
Variable Carbon Catabolism among Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Isolates (2012)

The carbon catabolic profiles suggest that S. Typhi could survive and persist well in the nutrient depleted metabolic niches in the human host but not in the environment outside of the host. These findings serve as caveats for future studies to understand how carbon catabolism relates to the pathogenesis and transmission of this pathogen.
The question of the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary in marginal zone of the East-European Platform (1984)

PROBLEM GRANICY JURA-KREDA W STREFIE BRZEŻNEJ PLATFORMY WSCHODNIOEUROPEJSKIEJ 

Streszczenie
Granica jura - kreda, odpowiadająca w prowincji tetydzkiej granicy tyton - berias ustalonej w spągu poziomu grandis, przypada wewnątrz utworow facji purbeckiej w limniczna-lagunowych basenach Europy Zachodniej. 
W bruździe kujawskiej Nizu Polskiego w utworach facji purbeckiej wyrozniono 6 poziomow malzoraczkowych. 
Weglanowe utwory poziomu „F, w obrebie ktorych przebiega granica miedzy wolgiem środkowym i gornym, zawierają obok ramienionogow euryhalinowe malzoraczki z rodzajow Mantelliana purbeckensis (Forbes) i pierwsze oligohalinowe malzoraczki z rodzajow Klieana i Rhinocypris. 
W poziomie „E, w ktorego dolnej cześci wygasają otwornice, wystepują utwory siarczanowe z wkladkami wapieni i margli z gatunkami Fabanella ansata (Jones), Mantelliana purbeckensis (Forbes) i Klieana alata Martin. 
Poziomy malzoraczkowe „F i „E odpowiadają najwyzszej cześci wolgu środkowego i najnizszej wolgu gornego. 
Poziomy malzoraczkowe „D, „C i „B mają charakter brakiczno-slodkowodny i są zapewne odpowiednikami wiekowymi wolgu gornego. Najwyzszy poziom malzoraczkowy „A ma juz charakter brakiczno-morski. W poziomie tym wystepują, obok Cypridea posticalis Jones, morskie malzoraczki Pachycytheridea compacta (Wolburg) oraz zlepiencowate otwornice Ammobaculites kcyniensis Sztejn, A. cf. eocretaceous Bartenstein et Brand. Poziom malzoraczkowy „A” znamionuje początek transgresji morza riazanskiego. 
Riazan morski reprezentują warstwy z Riasanites i Malbosiceras oraz Surites i Euthymiceras, korelujące sie w zasadzie z poziomem boissieri. Mozna wnioskowac, ze pierwsze ingresje morza riazanskiego nastąpily przed poziomem boissieri w poziomie occitanica. Niestety profil riazania Nizu Polskiego, reprezentowanego w dolnej cześci przez utwory facji purbeckiej, nie pozwala na jednoznaczne określenie jego pozycji stratygraficznej i ścislą korelacje z innymi profilami prowincji borealnej i tetydzkiej.
Simple theory of diffuse vibrational structure in continuous uv spectra of polyatomic molecules. I. Collinear photodissociation of symmetric triatomics (1976)

A theory for the direct photodissociation of polyatomic molecules is presented, and it is shown that uv absorption spectra into simply dissociative upper electronic states can have considerable vibrational structure. This provides a simple interpretation of many of the ’’diffuse vibrational bands superimposed on continua’’ often seen in polyatomic spectra.