gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transparent organic LEDs for new lighting applications (2013)

Organic LEDs (OLEDs) are light sources that do not produce excessive heat and do not contain toxic materials.1 The light emitted from OLEDs is UV-free and can therefore be used to illuminate biological substances without causing harmful effects. OLEDs are ultra-thin (about 150nm), have very low weight, and can be tailored to many formats. A specific type of OLED—a so-called transparent OLED (TOLED)—is bidirectional, i.e., it emits light from its top and bottom surfaces (see Figure 1).2–4 It is vital that all components in a TOLED are transparent so that the simultaneous top and bottom light emission can be achieved. To ensure transparency of TOLEDs, the thickness of their cathodes should not exceed 20nm. Transparent cathodes in TOLEDs usually consist of a multilayer metallic thin film.3, 4 However, limited light transmission through the cathode means that the efficiency of top emission is lower than that of the bottom emission. As such, the asymmetric structure of the light propagation causes different electroluminescence (EL) spectra for the top and bottom emissions from TOLEDs. To address the problem of asymmetry in the EL spectra, we designed a TOLED that uses a capping layer (CL), with a unique optical function.2 The use of the CL does not disturb the electrical characteristics of the device and therefore obviates the need to alter the stack structure. Our CL is an optical dielectric that can enhance the transmittance of the device and the top-emission efficiency. Including the CL on the cathode produces two interfaces, i.e., air/CL and CL/cathode. Due to the complexity of multilayer interference, it is difficult to establish a straightforward optical principle that achieves the EL spectral matching of bottom and top emissions in our TOLED. We achieve high transmittance and high top-emission efficiency by adjusting the CL thickness so that we created Figure 1. A schematic illustration of a typical transparent organic LED (TOLED). The capping layer and transparent cathode are key components in the device.
Discovering frequently changing structures from historical structural deltas of unordered XML (2004)

Recently, a large amount of work has been done in XML data mining. However, we observed that most of the existing works focus on the snapshot XML data, while XML data is dynamic in real applications. To the best of our knowledge, none of the existing works has addressed the issue of mining the history of changes to XML documents. Such mining results can be useful in many applications such as XML change detection, XML indexing, association rule mining, and classification etc. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to discover the <i>frequently changing structures</i> from the sequence of historical <i>structural deltas</i> of unordered XML. To make the structure discovering process efficient, an expressive and compact data model, <b>H</b>istorical-<b>D</b>ocument <b>O</b>bject <b>M</b>odel (<b>H-DOM</b>), is proposed. Using this model, two basic algorithms, which can discover all the <i>frequently changing structures</i> with only two scans of the XML sequence, are presented. Experimental results show that our algorithms, together with the optimization techniques, are efficient and scalable.
The Chemokine Growth-Regulated Oncogene-α Promotes Spinal Cord Oligodendrocyte Precursor Proliferation (1998)

Chemokines, (chemotactic cytokines) are a family of regulatory molecules involved in modulating inflammatory responses. Here we demonstrate that the chemokine growth-regulated oncogene-alpha (GRO-alpha) is a potent promoter of oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation. The proliferative response of immature spinal cord oligodendrocyte precursors to their major mitogen, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), is dramatically enhanced by GRO-alpha present in spinal cord conditioned medium. One source of GRO-alpha is a subset of spinal cord astrocytes. Cultures of astrocytes contain GRO-alpha mRNA and protein and secrete biologically active concentrations of GRO-alpha. In postnatal spinal cord white matter the location of GRO-alpha-immunoreactive cells is developmentally regulated: GRO-alpha+ cells first appear in ventral and later in dorsal spinal cord white matter. These results suggest that localized proliferation of oligodendrocytes is mediated by synergy between PDGF and GRO-alpha.
High resolution modelling of dense water formation in the Northwestern Mediterranean: benefits from an improved initial stratification in summer (2014)

International audience
Consideration of clogging in boundary-layer control system design (1977)

Concluding Remarks Based on the results obtained in these investigations, it was found by ground-based tests and verified by full-scale flight tests that the existing flight spoilers on the B-747 airplane are effective as trailing vortex attenuators. Based on the results of wind-tunnel investigations of the DC-10-30 and L-1011 airplane models, the existing flight spoilers on both the DC10-30 and L-1011 airplanes are also expected to be effective trailing vortex attenuators.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 10‐Hydroxycamptothecin: Evaluation of New Moderators for the Chemoselective Reduction of Camptothecin. (2012)

Abstract Camptothecin was isolated from south‐east Asian trees.
Spectrochemical Analysis by Means of the D.C. Carbon Arc (1956)

A complete description of the constant temperature arc method of quantitative analysis which has been developed in Eindhoven is given, with tables of the empirically determined K-values reported so that they can be checked in other laboratories. The method consists of completely volatilizing 5 mg. of a powdered sample in a shallow anodic crater of a carbon arc, with the addition of materials to modify the rate of volatilization if required. The line intensities are calibrated and corrections are made by comparison with selected Fe lines, originating from a “standard light source” so as to get comparable analytical results; the calculations required are illustrated by several examples, which indicate the relative accuracy of the method to be approximately 10%.
Time-resolved measurement of vibrational wave-packet dynamics of H<inf>2</inf><sup>&#x002B;</sup> using multicolor probe pulses (2013)

Real-time measurement of ultrafast wave-packet dynamics has been possible with advances in short pulse laser technology. The vibrational wave-packet motion of molecular hydrogen ions, H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> or D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> , is one of the simple models investigated experimentally using ultrashort laser pulses, a few-cycle Ti: sapphire laser pulse [1], high harmonic generation pulse [2,3], and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) free-electron laser pulse [4]. To measure the vibrational wave-packet dynamics of H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> the durations of both pump and probe pulses should be shorter than its vibrational period. We have demonstrated that sub-10 fs high harmonic pulses generated from a sub-15 fs Ti:sapphire laser pulse can be utilized to observe time evolution of the vibrational motion of D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> [3]. In this paper, we report on the time-resolved and vibrational-mode-resolved measurement of the wave-packet dynamics of H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> using ultrashort pump and probe pulses, which are generated via high-harmonic generation (HHG) scheme.
Réalisation d'un capteur de type vélocimètre laser Doppler par l'optique intégrée sur verre (1998)

International audience
3.1 ENHANCED PARVALBUMIN NETWORK ACTIVITY PROLONGS CRITICAL PERIOD PLASTICITY (2018)

Oscillations in neuronal activity tie the pathophysiology of schizophrenia to alterations in local processing and large-scale coordination, and these alterations in turn can lead to the cognitive and perceptual disturbances observed in schizophrenia. Here, we focus on the dual role of fast-spiking, parvalbumin (PV+) networks in the generation of gamma oscillations and critical periods of brain plasticity. We generated a mouse model of reduced recurrent inhibition only within local PV+ cell networks by selective removal of GABAA receptor alpha1 subunits (PV-α1 KO mice). Electroencephalography (EEG), PV+ immunohistochemistry, perineuronal net (PNN) labeling and redox balance were compared to cortical measures of brain plasticity (loss of visual acuity, formation of preference behaviors) that are typically limited to a critical period early in life. PV-α1 KO mice exhibit chronically enhanced gamma-oscillations and extended juvenile forms of cortical plasticity into adulthood. Acute pharmacological suppression of excitatory input restored E-I balance onto these disinhibited PV+ cells and returned baseline EEG power to normal levels, preventing the extended plasticity. Enhanced gamma oscillations were further found to compromise the integrity of perineuronal nets (PNNs) surrounding PV+ cells, elevating oxidative stress and the turnover of metallopeptidases and structural components of the PNN. All of these aspects were also reversed by pharmacological dampening of excitation onto PV+ cells. Cortical gamma oscillations are associated with plasticity and cognition. Our results provide a cellular explanation of how elevated gamma oscillations may promote ectopic brain plasticity by regulating the extracellular matrix which normally stabilizes cortical circuitry. These results carry broad implications for subjects at-risk for schizophrenia who exhibit heightened gamma oscillations prior to psychosis onset (see talk by P Uhlhaas).
The Current Status of GM and GE Crops (2021)

In recent months there have been regular announcements of new crops developed via new breeding techniques (NBTs) such as gene editing (GE) and the debate continues whether they should be considered as GM or not in the UK and Europe. It is not surprising that countries who approve cultivation of GM crops are also approving new crops derived from GE technologies, so will gain an advantage from cultivation of these new crop varieties over the UK and Europe. The USA, Brazil and Argentina have a flexible approach for the regulation of crops derived from new breeding techniques such as GE. Canada has recently (March 2021) reassessed their risk assessment policies for genetically engineered (GE) plants and food products and have started approvals.
Gas Sensing Characteristics of Porous ZnO and Pt/ZnO Ceramics (1985)

Changes in resistivity and chemical changes in reducing gases were measured for porous zinc oxide ceramics with and without a platinum catalyst at 300° and 400°C to examine the gas sensing mechanism and the effect of platinum additions. Reducing gases were oxidized to CO 2 and Hz 2 on the sensor surfaces. Platinum addition promoted the oxidation of reducing gases but did not lead to an increase in the resistivity change at 400°C. The reaction sequences for the gas sensing process are proposed, taking into account partially oxidized intermediates of hydrocarbons and oxidation on platinum without an electron transfer process.
Interdiffusion of Si and Ge Atoms during Gas-Source MBE of Ge on Si(100) at 500–800°C (1990)

Germanium growth on Si(100) using GeH 4 gas-source molecular beam epitaxy has been performed in the temperature range of 500–800°C with the grown film thickness of about 1000 Å. From electron-probe microanalysis, Raman spectroscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy measurements, it was indicated that a noticeable interdiffusion of Si and Ge atoms occurred during growth in this temperature range.
Normal stresses, non‐Newtonian flow, and dynamic mechanical behavior of polymer solutions (1967)

Abstract Complex dynamic shear moduli, shear and normal stresses in steady shearing flow, and complex moduli with superposed steady shear are investigated in both theoretical and experimental aspects. Firs) it summary of phenomenological and molecular theories is given. Experimental tests of phenomenological theory are made by comparing dynamic (linear viscoelastic) data and steady shearing flow (nonlinear viscoelastic) data. It is found that the recent theory of memory fluids is quite satisfactory and also the results show that the action of normal stress in steady shearing flow is mainly pull in the direction of the flow line. The behavior of dilute polymer solutions (near A condition are best approximated by the molecular theory of Zimm, particularly at very low shear rates. At higher shear rates, the Zimm theory fails in predicting the appearance of non‐Newtonian viscosities and nonquadratic normal stresses. Various proposed modifications of the theory are examined experimentally. The behavior of concentrated polymer solution does not seem to fit any of the existing molecular theories; therefore, some typical features of the experimentally observed behavior of concentrated solutions are simply summarized. The results of the measurements of complex moduli with superposed steady shear show that in the low‐frequency region the effect of superposed shear rate results in a much larger decrease in the real part of the complex modulus that in the imaginary part, while in the higher‐frequency region the real part is again decreased but the imaginary part is increased with the increase of superposed shear rate.
Search for supersymmetry in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} =7$ TeV in events with a single lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum (2013)

The online version of this article (doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2404-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Editorial (2013)

Unsere Gesellschaft wird zunehmend älter. Diese Tatsache spiegelt sich in zahlreichen politischen Debatten wider und natürlich auch in der medizinischen Forschung und Versorgung: Die geriatrische Medizin ist längst ein wichtiges Feld geworden und die Erforschung der Pathophysiologie des Alterns erlebt gegenwärtig einen gewaltigen Aufschwung, der wohl auch über die nächsten Jahrzehnte anhalten wird. Zahlreiche wissenschaftliche Journale widmen sich diesem Thema aus unterschiedlichsten Blickwinkeln und die Projektförderung in diesem Bereich zeigt einen deutlichen Aufwärtstrend.
Microscopic Dynamics of Water and Hydrocarbon in Shale-Kerogen Pores of Potentially Mixed-Wettability (2013)

Abstract Distribution of alkanes and water in organic pores of shale, referred to as kerogen, is essential information required for estimation of shale-reservoir oil- and gas-in-place, adsorption of hydrocarbon, and fate of frac-water. A practical modeling approach is presented for proper description of the kerogen pore systems with different mixed wettability, surface roughness, tortuous paths, and material disorder. Three kerogen models, namely activated kerogen, kerogen free of active sites, and grapheme-slit pore, with proper surface-oxidized functional groups and high-temperature-and-pressure maturation, are constructed by simulation. Distribution of octane and water in the organic pores of these models is predicted by molecular dynamics simulation. Comparison of results reveals the importance of accurate characterization of kerogen pore systems by particular pore morphology, surface activation, and pore size. The improved kerogen models provided here are shown to determine the placement, distribution, and trapping of frac-water in shale depending on the maturity of the kerogen within organic-rich shales.
ChemInform Abstract: MOLEKUEL‐PHOTOCHEMIE 21. MITT. PHOTOCYCLOADDITION VON ACETON AN 1‐METHOXY‐BUTEN‐(1), VERGLEICH VON SINGULETT‐ UND TRIPLETTMECHANISMEN UND SINGULETT‐UND TRIPLETT‐BIRADIKALZWISCHENPRODUKTEN (1970)

Abstract Die Photocycloaddition von Aceton (I) an das cis‐ bzw. trans‐Buten (II) zu den isomeren Oxetanen (III)‐(VI) wird untersucht.
<title>Studies On The Interaction Of Laser Radiation With Art Artifacts</title> (1974)

Cleaning is usually the first step involved in the various processes employed to restore a work of art. It is also one of the most delicate and difficult operations undertaken to preserve a deteriorating art object. Generally, the criteria governing the cleaning of a work of art in stone or metal are concerned with a maximum respect and care for the original materials, the eventual irreversible alterations undergone through centuries (formation of patinas, changes of color, etc.) as well as the removal or isolation of parts that may, during later periods, have been added. Difficulties involved in cleaning works of art in marble and stone change according to the different materials involved, and their varying exposures to exterior elements. Particularly complicated are the problems arising from outdoor exposure where destructive elements such as air pollution, biological attacks, etc., are superimposed on natural weathering effects. Natural or artificial degradation almost always reveals itself as a bulk degradation that begins on the surface of these materials. The presence of varying extraneous substances on the surface often encourage the introduction and propagation of exceedingly harmful forms of degradation to the interior. Consequently, surface cleaning not only improves appearance, but preserves materials as well. Many bibliographical examples exist of statues and monuments in which superficial modifications. have strongly encouraged the advance of a degradation process towards the interior. The cleaning of works of art protected by an indoor location, though as important in every way, tends to be a generally easier affair.
Thermodynamic limits of energy harvesting from outgoing thermal radiation (2018)

We derive the thermodynamic limits of harvesting power from the outgoing thermal radiation from the ambient to the cold outer space. The derivations are based on a duality relation between thermal engines that harvest solar radiation and those that harvest outgoing thermal radiation. In particular, we derive the ultimate limit for harvesting outgoing thermal radiation, which is analogous to the Landsberg limit for solar energy harvesting, and show that the ultimate limit far exceeds what was previously thought to be possible. As an extension of our work, we also derive the ultimate limit of efficiency of thermophotovoltaic systems.
A formalization of the computational impact of intrinsic plasticity (2008)

ISBN : 978-2-9532965-0-1
An investigation of signal performance enhancements achieved through innovative pixel design across several generations of indirect detection, active matrix, flat‐panel arrays (2009)

Active matrix flat-panel imager (AMFPI) technology is being employed for an increasing variety of imaging applications. An important element in the adoption of this technology has been significant ongoing improvements in optical signal collection achieved through innovations in indirect detection array pixel design. Such improvements have a particularly beneficial effect on performance in applications involving low exposures and/or high spatial frequencies, where detective quantum efficiency is strongly reduced due to the relatively high level of additive electronic noise compared to signal levels of AMFPI devices. In this article, an examination of various signal properties, as determined through measurements and calculations related to novel array designs, is reported in the context of the evolution of AMFPI pixel design. For these studies, dark, optical, and radiation signal measurements were performed on prototype imagers incorporating a variety of increasingly sophisticated array designs, with pixel pitches ranging from 75 to 127 microm. For each design, detailed measurements of fundamental pixel-level properties conducted under radiographic and fluoroscopic operating conditions are reported and the results are compared. A series of 127 microm pitch arrays employing discrete photodiodes culminated in a novel design providing an optical fill factor of approximately 80% (thereby assuring improved x-ray sensitivity), and demonstrating low dark current, very low charge trapping and charge release, and a large range of linear signal response. In two of the designs having 75 and 90 microm pitches, a novel continuous photodiode structure was found to provide fill factors that approach the theoretical maximum of 100%. Both sets of novel designs achieved large fill factors by employing architectures in which some, or all of the photodiode structure was elevated above the plane of the pixel addressing transistor. Generally, enhancement of the fill factor in either discrete or continuous photodiode arrays was observed to result in no degradation in MTF due to charge sharing between pixels. While the continuous designs exhibited relatively high levels of charge trapping and release, as well as shorter ranges of linearity, it is possible that these behaviors can be addressed through further refinements to pixel design. Both the continuous and the most recent discrete photodiode designs accommodate more sophisticated pixel circuitry than is present on conventional AMFPIs--such as a pixel clamp circuit, which is demonstrated to limit signal saturation under conditions corresponding to high exposures. It is anticipated that photodiode structures such as the ones reported in this study will enable the development of even more complex pixel circuitry, such as pixel-level amplifiers, that will lead to further significant improvements in imager performance.
Measurements of the Tonal Characteristics of Carillon Bells (1954)

High quality magnetic tape recordings were made of individual bells at the carillon location, including bells cast by Meneely and Company, Watervliet, New York; Van Aerschodt, Louvain, Belgium; John Taylor and Company, Loughborough, England; Franz Schilling Söhne, Apolda, Germany. Measurements made on the tapes with a sound analyzer, Stroboconn and an automatic level recorder give the relative tuning, the relative amplitudes at the microphone position, and the decay rates of the various components in the bell tone.
Transient Intrahepatic Portal Hypertension (1981)

We report the case of a patient with transient hypertension in relation to acute veno-occlusive disease of the liver. Ascites and esophageal varices, both transient, occurred in this patient and a transient elevation of the gradient between wedged and free hepatic venous pressures was observed.
A Multiple Route Conditional Risk Model For Transporting Hazardous Materials (1995)

This paper considers the problem of developing effective routes for transporting hazardous materials for the case where the routing ends after the occurrence of the first accident. A multiple route situation is permitted, the objective being to minimize the expected risk of the first accident, with constraints on the accident probabilities, the expected a prioririsk, the transportation cost, and the equity of risk. A column generation technique is used to generate heuristic solutions. A brief summary of our results from extensive computational testing, based on a “real-life” hazardous materials routing scenario, is presented. Also presented is an example problem that illustrates several features of the model.