gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing ( <scp>EMDR</scp> ) (2015)

Abstract Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing ( EMDR ) was developed in the late 1980s as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Since then the therapy has been shown to be efficacious for this and other disorders. It is broadly disseminated and widely practiced. There are several controversies surrounding this therapy. Though eye movements were originally proposed to be an important active component of the intervention, several studies have called that claim into question. Questions remain, including what the mechanisms of action are for EMDR , how distinctive this therapy is from other interventions that include exposure and information‐processing components, and what training is needed to be technically proficient? Moreover, use of EMDR for memory recovery poses significant risk, as it incorporates many features that memory researchers have shown to promote development of false memories.
Performance of joint maximum-likelihood decoding for block coded signal streams in overloaded MIMO-OFDM system (2013)

This paper presents a joint decoding scheme for block coded signals in an overloaded multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-OFDM system. In a normal MIMO-OFDM system, symbol detection is carried out over the signals received by multiple antenna elements and is separated from decoding. However, owing to form factor limitation, a mobile terminal may have a limited number of receive antenna elements. Instead of splitting detection and decoding, in this paper, a joint maximum likelihood (ML) decoding in an overloaded MIMO-OFDM system is investigated. Based on ideal interleaving, independence among coded symbols spread over subcarriers is assumed. Thus, the outage capacity improves even though the ergodic capacity remains the same with a single receive antenna. As an example of the proposed system, bit error rate performance of Hamming coded and spatially multiplexed signals with joint ML decoding on a Rayleigh fading channel is investigated. The error rate is evaluated through analysis and computer simulation.
Heterolytic and Homolytic Oxygen Transfer Reactions from <i>d</i><sup>0</sup> Metal Peroxides to Hydrocarbons (1983)

Abstract An attempt is made to correlate the catalytic activity of d 0 metal complexes in the oxidation of hydrocarbons by H 2 O 2 and ROOH with the oxidizing properties of their peroxidic derivatives. The triangular structure of bound peroxo and alkylperoxidic groups is a common characteristic of d 0 metal peroxides. The heterolytic or homolytic nature of the catalytic oxidation is governed by the heterolytic or homolytic cleavage of the triangular peroxidic moiety. The mechanism of selective heterolytic epoxidation involves the peroxymetalation of the coordinated olefin. Homolytic oxidations are less selective and involve the non‐stereospecific epoxidation of olefins and the hydroxylation of alkanes and arenes by biradical peroxidic species.
Methane Hydrate Studies: Delineating Properties of Host Sediments to Establish Reproducible Decomposition Kinetics (2006)

We have presented a summary of measurements on the physical properties of sediments relevant to methane hydrate recovery. The data includes not only geotechnical determinations, but also the CMT data that gives porosity values and pathways through the sediment material. The results show that CMT techniques can be used to study sediment properties on a micrometer-size scale. Since the technique is non-destructive, changes in the sediment microstructures as a function of pressure and temperature can be measured. It is also feasible to look at formation of methane hydrates in the sediment structure as has already been demonstrated [7–9]. A longer term challenge is to start from the microscale data and calculate the macroscopic quantities shown in Table 2. We also note that the CMT measurements help in identification of different minerals found in the sediments. This feature of CMT was not exploited in this survey.
Dynamic task allocation in cooperative robot teams (2011)

SUMMARY In this paper, a dynamic task allocation and controller design methodology for cooperative robot teams is presented. Fuzzy-logic-based utility functions are derived to quantify each robot's ability to perform a task. These utility functions are used to allocate tasks in real time through a limited lookahead control methodology partially based on the basic principles of discrete event supervisory control theory. The proposed controller design methodology accommodates flexibility in task assignments, robot coordination, and tolerance to robot failures and repairs. Implementation details of the proposed methodology are demonstrated through a warehouse patrolling case study.
Single-electron tunneling up to room temperature (1992)

Ultrasmall (≲5 nm in lateral diameter) double-barrier tunnel junctions have been realized using metal particles (2-5 nm in diameter) sandwiched in between a metallic substrate and the metallic tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The particles were either grown by e-beam evaporation or prepared using colloid chemistry. Two electrical transport effects, in good agreement with the semi-classical theory of single-electron tunneling, have been found at room temperature: the Coulomb gap and the Coulomb staircase. The interpretation in terms of single-electron tunneling is further supported by liquid helium temperature STM measurements on identical samples.
Low damage and low surface roughness GaInP etching in Cl2/Ar electron cyclotron resonance process (2001)

Electron cyclotron resonance Cl2/Ar plasma etching characterization was performed to obtain low damage and low surface roughness conditions for GaInP lattice matched to GaAs. Micro-Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and surface profiling were used to characterize the near-surface quality and etch rate of GaInP. The results show that near-surface damage increases with dc self-bias voltage in both Ar and Cl2/Ar plasmas. Etching in pure Ar plasma results in significant increase in the transverse-optic (TO) intensity at high dc self-bias voltage of 50 and 70 V, with the longitudinal-optic (LO) peaks downshifted in frequency. A normalized LO/TO intensity was quantified in this study to represent the combined effect of increase in TO intensity and slight decrease in LO intensity. In the case of Cl2/Ar plasma, substantial shifting of the GaP-like LO peak position to lower frequency was observed at dc self-bias voltage of 70 V at 120 °C with increase in the TO peak intensity. In addition, the decreasing trend of the normalized LO/TO intensity of GaP-like LO and InP-like LO peak was observed for samples etched under dc self-bias voltages of 40–70 V. Both observations from Cl2/Ar plasma etching indicate the alteration of the GaInP near-surface region by etch induced damage within the dc self-bias voltage range of 40 to 70 V. AFM studies showed surface damage consistent with the change in Raman spectrum. The damaged layer was caused by enhanced physical etching, which may result in InClx formation and therefore etch rate fluctuation at 70 V. The Raman spectrum of the sample etched at 30 V dc self-bias voltage was similar to that of the reference spectrum with normalized LO/TO intensity values comparable to that of the reference values, indicating a low damage process with root-mean-square (rms) surface roughness of 5.5 nm. Substrate temperature dependence of the surface roughness was studied at 20 V dc self-bias voltage. At 110 °C and 20 V dc self-bias voltage, desorption of volatile products results in low rms surface roughness of 1.28 nm and slow etch rate of 0.4 nm/s. The 20 V dry etch process was compared favorably to a HCl-based wet etch process. The low damage, low surface roughness and low etch rate process has excellent potential in compound semiconductor device processing, such as for GaInP emitter layer etching in heterojunction bipolar transistors fabrication.
RNAi is an antiviral immune response against a dsRNA virus in Drosophila melanogaster (2006)

Drosophila melanogaster has a robust and efficient innate immune system, which reacts to infections ranging from bacteria to fungi and, as discovered recently, viruses as well. The known Drosophila immune responses rely on humoral and cellular activities, similar to those found in the innate immune system of other animals. Recently, RNAi or 'RNA silencing' has arisen as a possible means by which Drosophila can react to a specific pathogens, transposons and retroviral elements, in a fashion similar to that of a traditional mammalian adaptive immune system instead of in a more generalized and genome encoded innate immune-based response. RNAi is a highly conserved regulation and defence mechanism, which suppresses gene expression via targeted RNA degradation directed by either exogenous dsRNA (cleaved into siRNAs) or endogenous miRNAs. In plants, RNAi has been found to act as an antiviral immune response system. Here we show that RNAi is an antiviral response used by Drosophila to combat infection by Drosophila X Virus, a birnavirus, as well. Additionally, we identify multiple core RNAi pathway genes, including piwi, vasa intronic gene (vig), aubergine (aub), armitage (armi), Rm62, r2d2 and Argonaute2 (AGO2) as having vital roles in this response in whole organisms. Our findings establish Drosophila as an ideal model for the study of antiviral RNAi responses in animals.
Wpływ modyfikacji powierzchni proszku ceramicznego na właściwości kompozytów ceramiczno-polimerowych o zastosowaniu stomatologicznym (2006)

Celem pracy bylo przeprowadzenie badan nad ceramiczno-polimerowymi materialami kompozytowymi z przeznaczeniem na stomatologiczne wypelnienia stale. Badania dotyczyly wplywu silanizacji - modyfikacji powierzchni wypelniacza poprzez zastosowanie środka preadhezyjnego - na wlaściwości uzytkowe materialow kompozytowych. W kompozytach o zastosowaniu stomatologicznym proszek ceramiczny stanowi faze rozproszoną, a polimer - faze ciąglą. Ze wzgledu na specyfike obydwu materialow niezbedne jest zapewnienie odpowiedniego polączenia tych faz. Zadanie to realizowano, stosując środek preadhezyjny, ktory zwiekszal oddzialywania na granicy faz i tym samym korzystnie wplywal na wlaściwości mechaniczne otrzymanych ksztaltek. Silanizacja proszku ceramicznego pozwolila takze na wprowadzenie wiekszej ilości wypelniacza do zywicy polimerowej. Badano rowniez wplyw ilości i metody nanoszenia środka sprzegającego (γ-metakrylooksypropylo-trimetoksysilanu) na ziarno proszku nieorganicznego. W celu oceny wlaściwości mechanicznych ksztaltek kompozytowych poddano je badaniu mikrotwardości Vickersa i wytrzymalości na zginanie. Wykazano wplyw silanizacji na upakowanie ziarna w kompozycie oraz wplyw na parametry wytrzymalościowe kompozytow ceramiczno-polimerowych. Slowa kluczowe: kompozyty ceramiczno-polimerowe, silanizacja, stopien upakowania, mikrotwardośc, wytrzymalośc
X‐linked creatine transporter defect: An overview (2003)

In 2001 we identified a new inborn error of metabolism caused by a defect in the X-linked creatine transporter SLC6A8 gene mapped at Xq28 (SLC6A8 deficiency, McKusick 300352). An X-linked creatine transporter defect was presumed because of (1) the absence of creatine in the brain as indicated by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS); (2) the elevated creatine levels in urine and normal guanidinoacetate levels in plasma, ruling out a creatine biosynthesis defect; (3) the absence of an improvement on creatine supplementation; and (4) the fact that the pedigree suggested an X-linked disease. Our hypothesis was proved by the presence of a hemizygous nonsense mutation in the male index patient and by the impaired creatine uptake by cultured fibroblasts. Currently, at least 7 unrelated families (13 male patients and 13 carriers) with a SLC6A8 deficiency have been identified. Four families come from one metropolitan area. This suggests that SLC6A8 deficiency may have a relatively high incidence. The hallmarks of the disorder are X-linked mental retardation, expressive speech and language delay, epilepsy, developmental delay and autistic behaviour. In approximately 50% of the female carriers, learning disabilities of varying degrees have been noted.
Diode-pumped passively mode-locked Nd:LuVO4 laser operating at 916 nm (2006)

We demonstrated a mode-locked Nd:LuVO4 laser operating at 916 nm. Using a semiconductor saturable-absorber mirror (SESAM) for passive mode locking, stable average output power of 26 mW was obtained at a repetition rate of 152 MHz.
Physical state of 2-methylbutane-1,2,3,4-tetraol in pure and internally mixed aerosols (2018)

Abstract. 2-Methylbutane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (hereafter named tetraol) is an important oxidation product of isoprene and can be considered as a marker compound for isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Little is known about this compound's physical phase state, although some field observations indicate that isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosols in the tropics tend to be in a liquid rather than a solid state. To gain more knowledge about the possible phase states of tetraol and of tetraol-containing SOA particles, we synthesized tetraol as racemates as well as enantiomerically enriched materials. Subsequently the obtained highly viscous dry liquids were investigated calorimetrically by differential scanning calorimetry revealing subambient glass transition temperatures Tg. We also show that only the diastereomeric isomers differ in their Tg values, albeit only by a few kelvin. We derive the phase diagram of water–tetraol mixtures over the whole tropospheric temperature and humidity range from determining glass transition temperatures and ice melting temperatures of aqueous tetraol mixtures. We also investigated how water diffuses into a sample of dry tetraol. We show that upon water uptake two homogeneous liquid domains form that are separated by a sharp, locally constrained concentration gradient. Finally, we measured the glass transition temperatures of mixtures of tetraol and an important oxidation product of α-pinene-derived SOA: 3-methylbutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid (3-MBTCA). Overall, our results imply a liquid-like state of isoprene-derived SOA particles in the lower troposphere at moderate to high relative humidity (RH), but presumably a semisolid or even glassy state at upper tropospheric conditions, particularly at low relative humidity, thus providing experimental support for recent modeling calculations.
Erythropoietin-mediated decrease of the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-kB is inversely correlated with the hemoglobin level (2002)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of rh-EPO on the redox-sensitive transcription factor (NF-kappaB) in vivo and in vitro. Ten patients (7 female, 3 male), mean age 69.2 +/- 11 years, with end-stage renal failure and anemia prior to initiation of regular hemodialysis were enrolled and divided into 2 groups (group A "good responder", 7 patients and group B "poor responder", 3 patients) in accordance to the response to rh-EPO therapy. Nuclear binding activity of NF-kappaB was determined in ex vivo isolated mononuclear cells before, 4 and 8 weeks after onset of regular hemodialysis and rh-EPO therapy by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). In group A, a reduction of NF-KB binding activity from 100% to 56 +/- 6% was observed within the first four weeks of rh-EPO treatment, while mean hemoglobin rose from 8.2 +/- 0.4 g/dl to 11.1 +/- 0.2 g/dl. However, this effect was abrogated after another 4 weeks of treatment when NF-kappaB signal increased back to 85.2 +/- 10.6% despite consistent mean hemoglobin level of 11.3 +/- 0.4 g/dl. Group B demonstrated a slight increase of NF-kappaB signal from 100% to 129 +/- 18.5%, while mean hemoglobin only moderately rose from 7.6 +/- 0.3 g/dl to 8.3 +/- 0.1 g/dl within the first 4 weeks, and it further rose to 180 +/- 45% after 8 weeks of treatment, while mean hemoglobin (9.5 +/- 0.1 g/dl) remained low. The NF-kappaB binding activity differed significantly when comparing both groups (p = 0.007). Binding activity of Oct-1, serving as control, did not change notably in either group (p = 0.34). In vitro studies showed that rh-EPO did not directly affect NF-KB binding activity in THP-1 cells. However, coincubation of THP-1 cells with erythrocytes led to a reduction of NF-kappaB binding activity only in THP-1 cells with a hemoglobin level adjusted to 11 g/dl compared to 8 g/dl in the presence of rh-EPO. In vivo and in vitro data implicate a complex interaction between rh-EPO, stimulated RBC and the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-kappaB in mononuclear cells.
GaAs surface treatments and device applications (1990)

The effects of H2 and N2 in-situ plasma treatments prior to the deposition of Schottky contacts or SiO2 passivation on GaAs have been studied, showing a large dependance of the electrical properties on the cleaning procedure. For Ti/Pt and Al diodes, degraded rectifying characteristics result after room-temperature H2 treatments, while diode ideality factors as low as 1.01 were achieved in the temperature range 160-240°C. An increase in the barrier height was also observed with increasing substrate temperature during the plasma treatments, in correlation with H indiffusion in GaAs. *IV values of refractory WNX diodes were enhanced by H2 treatments, up to 0.78 V after 800°C anneals. Improved C-V characteristics of MOS capacitors were found after H2 plasma and a thin Si layer deposition, after successive anneals at 600 and 400°C.
Programmierung organischer Moleküle: Design und Management organischer Synthesen über radikalische Kaskaden (2001)

Kaskaden-, Domino- und Tandemreaktionen, bei denen zwei oder mehr chemische Umwandlungen als Eintopfreaktionen ablaufen, werden immer populärer, da sie die Effizienz von Synthesen verbessern und die Umwelt weniger belasten. Diese Kaskaden enthalten nicht nur mechanistische Glanzstücke, sondern ermöglichen auch kompakte und elegante Synthesen komplexer Naturstoffe. Längere Kaskaden erfordern allerdings eine Vielzahl funktioneller Gruppen, die an ganz bestimmten Stellen in sorgfältig entworfenen Startmolekülen angeordnet sein müssen. Wir geben hier einen Überblick über die sagenhafte Spannweite von Kaskaden unimolekularer Radikalreaktionen und stellen ein nützliches System zur Klassifizierung solcher Kaskaden vor. Es dient zur Bewertung und zum Vergleich von Kaskadenreaktionen und hilft beim Design von Synthesen für Polycyclen. Kaskadenreaktionen von Dienen unter doppelter Cyclisierung führen zu Cyclopentylcyclopentan- oder Bicyclo[3.3.0]octanderivaten. Aus Vorstufen mit einem Ring als Templat ließen sich stereokontrolliert Triquinane und viele hierzu verwandte Verbindungen synthetisieren. Unter den Kaskadenreaktionen mit Ringspaltungen sind die zu Ringerweiterungen führenden die nützlichsten, denn sie machen auch Polycyclen mit mittleren Ringen zugänglich. Die entscheidenden Designmerkmale großartiger dreistufiger Kaskaden, mit denen Steroidgerüste teilweise oder vollständig erhalten werden, sind linear angeordnete Radikalacceptoren mit Methylgruppen an jedem fünften C-Atom in dem als Vorstufe dienenden Polyen. Die Ringspaltung ist die Umkehrung der Cyclisierung. Besonders bei symmetrischen Strukturen kann dies zu reversiblen Sequenzen führen und damit endlos sich wiederholende Kaskaden auslösen, die von wunderbar fluktuierenden Strukturen getragen werden. Das Arbeitsgebiet der „Programmierung“ organischer Moleküle, um Produktstrukturen gezielt zu erhalten, entwickelt sich rasch. Koordinierung und Klassifizierung der noch ungeordneten Datenmengen auf diesem Gebiet sollen das Design erleichtern und somit immer mehr und auch komplexere Strukturen zugänglich machen.
Nematic-wall surface tension for perfectly aligned hard linear molecules (1988)

Abstract We study a system of hard elongated molecules near a hard wall, placed in a strong bulk ordering field. The field fixes the tilt angle ϑ t and increases the order parameter Q. We show that in the case of perfect alignment (Q = 1) the nematic-wall surface tension (γ) does not have the usual form of a polynomial in cos2 ϑ t . Using a simple local approximation for the one-particle distribution function we find an analytical expression for γ(ϑ t ) for the system of hard cylinders and also calculate γ(ϑ t ) numerically for the system of hard spherocylinders.
Antiviral Properties of Ehrlichin, an Antibiotic Produced by <i>Streptomyces Lavendulae</i>, (1951)

Summary A preparation endowed with specific antiviral properties was obtained from culture filtrates of a non-streptothricin-producing strain of Streptomyces lavendulae. This preparation, designated Ehrlichin, was found to be inhibitory to influenza A and influenza B viruses in vitro with activity in vivo limited to influenza B virus. Concentrates of Ehrlichin were heat stable, non-dialyzable and resistant to tryptic digestion. Ehrlichin was inactive against representative species of bacteria, fungi, Chlamydozoaceae, pox viruses and bacterial viruses. Concentrates of Ehrlichin were found to be more effective in suppressing the formation of viral hemagglutinin when inoculated after rather than before infection of eggs with influenza B virus and exerted a slight but detectable suppressive effect on the degree of pulmonary consolidation in mice.
A multivariate generalization of Costa's entropy power inequality (2008)

A simple multivariate version of Costa's entropy power inequality is proved. In particular, it is shown that if independent white Gaussian noise is added to an arbitrary multivariate signal, the entropy power of the resulting random variable is a multidimensional concave function of the individual variances of the components of the signal. As a side result, we also give an expression for the Hessian matrix of the entropy and entropy power functions with respect to the variances of the signal components, which is an interesting result in its own right.
On the Belgian chocolate problem and output feedback stabilization: Efficacy of algebraic methods (2012)

The Belgian chocolate problem asks for which values of a process parameter δ there exist three stable polynomials satisfying a certain controller design equation. For small n, earlier papers have employed global optimization techniques to obtain solutions involving polynomials of degree ≤ n, with each successive paper having a slightly larger δ. We note that these solutions converge to a critical case and we introduce algebraic methods to identify that case. The previously obtained solutions are simply approximations to this critical case, with the particular δ artificially constrained by the precision to which the authors were working. As a demonstration of the efficacy of algebraic methods, we see that the record value of δ can be increased from 0.973974 to 0.976461. We discover a surprising connection with the abc theorem for polynomials and present ideas for systematically increasing this record.
Vector part of optical activity probed with x-rays in hexagonal ZnO (2007)

International audience
Nanotribology of carbon nanotubes coatings: Some insights on the effect of water vapor (2004)

Conference was held in Anaheim, CA, USA 28th of March to 1rst of April 2004
<i>GDEP</i>, a new gene differentially expressed in normal prostate and prostate cancer† (2001)

Our data proves that tissue specific genes can be identified by EST database mining. The prostate specificity of GDEP expression indicates that GDEP may be useful in the diagnosis or treatment of prostate cancer. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Systematic review: monotherapy with antitumour necrosis factor α agents versus combination therapy with an immunosuppressive for IBD (2014)

International audience