gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Quasispecies Changes during Emergence and Reversion of Lamivudine Resistance in Liver Transplantation (1999)

This report describes nucleotide sequence analysis of part of the polymerase gene of hepatitis B virus (HBV) during the development of lamivudine-resistant HBV in five patients who received lamivudine treatment in conjunction with liver transplantation. Samples from patients were analysed before, during and after drug treatment in conjunction with serum HBV quantification by PCR. Lamivudine resistance was found to be associated with L526M and M550V changes in two patients and M550I change in three patients. Other changes associated with lamivudine resistance in some patients were V509I, A546V, S565A and A568T. The effects on HBV surface antigen are also described. Some patients were subsequently treated with famciclovir and/or ganciclovir with variable outcomes. In two out of three patients who stopped lamivudine treatment, reversion (partial or complete) to wild-type virus was observed after about 5 months. In contrast, a complex mixture of mutant viruses emerged in a third patient who stopped lamivudine treatment.
Application of a novel biopolymer for removal of<i>Salmonella</i>from poultry wastewater (2009)

This study evaluated the potential of an extracellular, novel biopolymeric flocculant produced by a strain of Klebsiella terrigena for removal of Salmonella, a potent pathogen prevalent in poultry wastewater. The purified biopolymer was applied to poultry wastewater containing 3 log CFU cells of Salmonella. An optimized dosage of 2 mg L(-1) of the purified bioflocculant was sufficient to remove 80.3% Salmonella spp. within 30 min, at ambient temperature. Also this bioflocculant showed high flocculating activity (90%) against kaolin particles and proved to be far more effective than the other synthetic flocculants used in this study. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with the genus specific Sal3 probe hybridized with the Salmonella present in the agglomerated matrix of the bioflocculant. Confocal laser scanning micrographs (CLSM) allowed a clear visualization of the spatial distribution of the total flocculated bacterial population (with DAPI and Eub338 probe) as well as Salmonella (with the Sal3 probe), indicating that the removed Salmonella remained bound and embedded within the flocculant matrix. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis exhibited a porous surface morphology. The bioflocculant was characterized to be a polysaccharide by FTIR, HPLC, CHN and chemical analysis. A viable alternative treatment technology of poultry wastewater using this novel bioflocculant is suggested.
Incentive Contracts and Performance Measurement (1992)

This paper examines the characteristics of incentive contracts in which the agent's payoff is not based on the principal's objective. The author shows that contracts based on such performance measures will not, in general, provide first-best incentives, even when the agent is risk neutral. The form of the optimal contract and the efficiency of this contract depend on the relationship between the performance measure used and the principal's objective. The model provides a simple and intuitive statistical measure. Applications to various incentive contracting situations, including the "gaming" of performance measures, the use of revenue-based sales commissions, and relative performance evaluation, are presented. Copyright 1992 by University of Chicago Press.
Long-term Exercise Using Weighted Vests Prevents Hip Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women (2000)

A 5-year program of weighted vest plus jumping exercise maintains hip BMD by preventing significant bone loss in older postmenopausal women. Furthermore, this particular program appears to promote long-term adherence and compliance, as evidenced by the commitment of the exercisers for more than 5 years.
Reliability and structural design of a wafer-level 3D integration scheme with W TSVs based on Cu-oxide hybrid wafer bonding (2010)

We demonstrate a wafer-level 3D integration scheme with W TSVs based on Cu-oxide hybrid wafer bonding. Hybrid Cu-oxide hybrid bonding shows excellent bond quality and performances in terms of alignment, bond strength, and ambient permeation oxidation. Excellent performances of initial reliability and quality evaluations for Cu-oxide hybrid bonding are key milestones in proving manufacturability of 3D integration technology.
SunChase: Energy-Efficient Route Planning for Solar-Powered EVs (2017)

Electric vehicles (EVs) play a significant role in the current transportation systems. The main factor that affects the acceptance of existing EV models is the range anxiety problem caused by limited charging stations and long recharge times. Recently, the solar-powered EV has drawn many attentions due to being free of charging limitations. However, the solarpowered EVs may still struggle with the limited use because of unpredictable solar availability. For example, shadings causedby buildings and trees also possibly decrease the solar panel cell efficiency. To address this, we propose a route planning method for solar-powered EVs to balance the energy harvesting and consumption subject to time constraint. The idea behindour solution is to offer power-aware optimal routing, which maximizes the on-road energy input given solar availability on each road segment. We first build a solar access estimation model using 3D geographic data and then employ a multi-criteriasearch method to generate a set of Pareto candidate routes. In order to reduce the size of the set, we leverage the bisect kmeans clustering algorithm to extract the most representative Pareto routes with better solar availability. In the evaluation, wedeveloped a validation platform on the vehicle and leveraged mobile sensing techniques to examine our proposed model in real road environments. We conducted simulations to evaluate our proposed route planning algorithm using real life scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate that our solar input model is robust to real road scenarios, and the routing algorithm has great potential to provide efficient services for solar-powered EV in the future.
Loneliness and the rate of motor decline in old age: the rush memory and aging project, a community-based cohort study (2010)

Among community-dwelling older persons, both feeling alone and being alone are associated with more rapid motor decline, underscoring the importance of psychosocial factors and motor decline in old age.
Asparagus and strawberries (2014)

If you plan on staying where you are for quite a few years, maybe it's time to consider planting an old-time asparagus/strawberry bed that will feed you and yours for 20 years and more.
Theoretical Consideration of Retarded Control (1953)

Abstract This paper is concerned with a theoretical study of the control of a single-capacity process with dead-period lag. Characteristic equations corresponding to the application of proportional, proportional-plus-derivative, proportional-plus-reset, and proportional-plus-reset-plus-derivative responses are used to graph the controller parameters necessary to obtain a desired degree of stability. The degree of stability is taken to be associated with the amplitude ratio of the lowest-frequency harmonic mode. Effects of the various controller parameters are shown and a method is suggested to determine the adjustable parameters for a desired degree of stability.
Bleeding Ulcer (1996)

A review is presented on theory and practice in the handling of gastroduodenal bleeding in the presurgical era with emphasis on the Meulengracht treatment. A description is thereafter given of the development of criteria for emergency surgery in the preendoscopic period with special mention of the circulatory evaluation using measurements of central venous pressure. A survey is given on the development in endoscopic diagnosis and treatment with a critical evaluation of the predictive value of clinical factors and endoscopic stigmata of haemorrhage. Finally the sparse knowledge on the haemostatic mechanisms of current endoscopic therapies is presented.
Precise kinematic positioning experiments with a low-cost RTK GPS engine (2002)

Canadian Marconi Company has recently developed a low-cost RTK GPS engine called the RT Star and has presented the system architecture and design along with preliminary test results at the ION GPS'97 Conference. Since then, extensive experiments have been conducted using a dual GPS signal simulator configuration and a vehicle equipped with a RT Star following various routes. These experiments permit an assessment of the absolute accuracy of the system in various dynamic scenarios as well as its operational functionality in real-life situations. Laboratory experiments utilize a dual configuration of Nortel(R) STR2760 GPS signal simulators. Outdoor testing was realized by installing an antenna and a RT Star on a vehicle, along with a RT-Star base station located on a surveyed rooftop control point. Communication between both was performed with a modem transmitting the messages encoded in the RTCM-104 format at 9600 bauds. The vehicle followed a route with a surveyed geodetic marker situated along it. Stop-and-go operations were performed at the marker. This paper will describe the test scenarios, the setup of the test platforms and the results obtained for the series of experiments. It will show that a 20-centimeter-level accuracy can be obtained in real-time under many kinematic scenarios with a low-cost L1 GPS sensor. In the authors' view, the results represent a possibility for a significant decrease in cost for applications requiring a high level of accuracy.
Venezuelan equine encephalitis in BALB/c mice: kinetic analysis of central nervous system infection following aerosol or subcutaneous inoculation. (1996)

Our findings suggest that VEE virus, whether given by aerosol or subcutaneously, first enters the brain through the olfactory tract.
Towards Software Product Lines Based Cloud Architectures (2014)

Cloud computing has emerged as a model for utility computing that promotes on-demand scalability, flexible application deployment and reuse. Software product lines (SPL) promote reusable application development for product families. As any computing system, cloud-based systems evolve to respond to changing clients' requirements. Cloud-based applications can be modeled as Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) families similar to the SPL products. As SPL development techniques rely on feature models to describe the commonality and variability of family member applications, such techniques can be used to model variability in SaaS. In this paper, we describe a unified and systematic framework for modeling cloud services in a vendor-neutral manner. In addition, we demonstrate the applicability of the variability framework for building and customizing SaaS multitenant applications. Our approach is based on a meta-model that formalizes the multiple views of service-oriented SaaS applications. A proof of concept tool that automatically generates multitenant applications (to adapt to changing requirements of tenants) is presented. Our approach facilitates development of cloud SaaS families in a systematic, consistent, and platform independent way.
Heat Transfer Investigations of a Nano-Porous Silicon Film Deposited on a Flexible Cyclic Olefin Copolymers Substrate (2007)

A nano-porous silicon film deposited on a flexible cyclic olefin copolymers substrate is adopted to insulate the structure at high processing temperature during device manufacturing. In this study, the thermal conductivity of nano-porous silicon film modeled by Lysenko et al. [7] is implement to do the one-dimensional heat conduction analysis and to calculate the temperatures theoretically and numerically. In numerical work, the COMSOL finite-element based package is used for the numerical computations and effects of applied temperature loading, thickness of nanoporous silicon layer, and porosity are discussed. As shown in the analysis results, thickness of 200μm has the lowest temperature than other thicknesses, 25μm, 50μm, and 100μm, etc. Porosity plays a vital effect for thermal insulation. From the analyses, the case of 80% porosity has the larger temperature decrement than cases of 40% and 60%. It may be attributed to the lower conduction by higher porosity. Also, these temperatures show good agreement between the theoretical and numerical results and are consistent to the Lysenko et al. [7] statement for nano-porous silicon film for thermal insulating material.
Selective ophthalmic artery infusion of chemotherapy for advanced intraocular retinoblastoma: initial experience with 17 tumors (2011)

In this challenging group of advanced retinoblastomas refractory to aggressive multimodal therapy, virtually 100% of eyes are generally enucleated. In contrast, the authors' protocol of infusing melphalan directly into the ophthalmic artery led to a dramatic decrease in the enucleation rate to 23.5%. While it is now the treatment of choice for refractory retinoblastoma at their center, its role in less advanced disease remains to be elucidated.
A multicentre pharmacoepidemiological study of dermatological disorders in Wardha district (2013)

Background: Skin diseases are common among the general population and account for a high percentage of all diseases. For considering the increase in the prevalence of specific skin diseases, prevalence data are needed. Appropriate treatment of common diseases and provision of essential drugs are two essential components of the primary health care. The aim in dermatological therapy is to use the safest and least number of drugs in order to obtain the best possible effect in the shortest period at reasonable cost. For that important step is taken to monitor, evaluate and therapeutically analyze the prescribing pattern of dermatological drugs. Methods: 12210 cases were screened for dermatological disorders in the Primary Health Care Centers and Rural Hospital of Wardha district during the time frame 1st January 2006 to 30th September 2010, out of which 1000 patients experienced different variety of dermatological disorders were analyzed. In prescription analysis 800 prescriptions with 1946 drugs were analyzed.Results: The prevalence of dermatological disorders in our study was found 8.19%. Out of 1000 patients, there were 567 females (56.7%) and 433 male (43.3%).1000 cases were divided into five age groups viz. 1-20 yrs, 21-40 yrs, 41-60 yrs, 61-80 yrs and more than 80 yrs. Percentage distribution for the various age ranges were 21%, 48%, 20%, 8% and 3% respectively. In spectrum of dermatological disorders, Acne vulgaris (14.8%) was the most common disorder followed by Tinea infection (13.6%) , Eczema (13.2%), scabies (12.4%) and pyoderma (11.6%), Acute urticaria (6.6%), Melasma (5.8%), Psoriasis (3.8%), Polymorphous light eruption (3.6%), Phytophotodermatitis (2.6%), Leprosy (2%) and other disorders (10%). The total number of drugs prescribed in 800 prescriptions was 1946 i.e. on average 2.43 drugs were prescribed per patient. Out of 1946 drugs, 1054 were topical and 892 were oral preparations. Antifungal was most common topically prescribed drug.Conclusions: The prevalence of dermatological disorders is 8.19 %. Younger age group (21-40 yrs) and Females is most affected by dermatological disorders. The commonest dermatological disorder is Acne and in prescription analysis, antifungals are most commonly prescribed.
Blockchain-based Mutual Authentication Security Protocol for Distributed RFID Systems (2018)

Since radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has been used in various scenarios such as supply chain, access control system and credit card, tremendous efforts have been made to improve the authentication between tags and readers to prevent potential attacks. Though effective in certain circumstances, these existing methods usually require a server to maintain a database of identity related information for every tag, which makes the system vulnerable to the SQL injection attack and not suitable for distributed environment. To address these problems, we now propose a novel blockchain-based mutual authentication security protocol. In this new scheme, there is no need for the trusted third parties to provide security and privacy for the system. Authentication is executed as an unmodifiable transaction based on blockchain rather than database, which applies to distributed RFID systems with high security demand and relatively low real-time requirement. Analysis shows that our protocol is logically correct and can prevent multiple attacks.
Predictive control of earth station antenna with backlash compensation (2006)

In this paper, Generalized Predictive Control (GPC) algorithm is implemented to control an earth station antenna. Nonlinear term in motors caused by gearbox or other parts is modeled by a backlash block. Simulation results show the effectiveness of GPC method for robust control in the presence of backlash nonlinearity without a priori knowledge about upper and lower bounds of backlash. Also, adaptation mechanism as a self tuning predictive control is used to conquer environment changing.
Comparison of normal respiratory sounds recorded from the chest and trachea at various respiratory air flow levels. (1992)

Respiratory sounds (RS)s were recorded from the trachea and chest of 10 normal adult subjects at respiratory air flow levels of 1.6, 2.1 and 2.6 l/s using an oral flow transducer, and at approximately 2.1 l/s without the flow transducer. Tracheal RS (TRS) and chest RS (CRS) frequency spectra were generated using Fast Fourier Transform, and the peak, mean and maximum frequency parameters were derived from each spectra. Parametric analysis showed: (i) all three parameters for TRS spectra are significantly higher than those for CRS spectra; (ii) TRSs are on average eight times louder than CRSs; (iii) both TRSs and CRSs are air-flow independent over the flow range, though TRSs are significantly modified by the flow transducer while CRSs are not; and (iv) though of similar loudness, inspired and expired RSs (both TRSs and CRSs) have some significant spectral differences. To compare the complex shapes of RS spectra, each spectra was divided into narrow frequency bands (to create a feature set) and principal component analysis was performed on all spectral feature sets. TRSs and CRSs were shown to be independent biological signals with little overlap in their respective spectral characteristics.
Convexity of the permanent for doubly stochastic matrices (1991)

Let Ω n denote the set of all n×n doubly stochastic matrices and let Jn denote the n×n matrix all of whose entries are 1/n. Lih and Wang conjectuted that per[(1−i)Jn +iA≤(1−i)perJn 1i perA for all A∈Ω n and all t∈[0,1/2], and proved their conjecture for n=3. In this paper we propose a similar conjecture asserting that for any A∈Ω n \{Jn }, the permanent function is strietly convex on the straight line segment joining Jn and (Jn +A)/2, and prove it for the case n=3.
Canonical Transient Receptor Potential (TRPC) Channels in Nociception and Pathological Pain (2020)

Chronic pathological pain is one of the most intractable clinical problems faced by clinicians and can be devastating for patients. Despite much progress we have made in understanding chronic pain in the last decades, its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. It is assumed that abnormal increase of calcium levels in the cells is a key determinant in the transition from acute to chronic pain. Exploring molecular players mediating Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry into cells and molecular mechanisms underlying activity-dependent changes in Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling in the somatosensory pain pathway is therefore helpful towards understanding the development of chronic, pathological pain. Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels form a subfamily of nonselective cation channels, which permit the permeability of Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Na+ into the cells. Initiation of Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry pathways by these channels triggers the development of many physiological and pathological functions. In this review, we will focus on the functional implication of TRPC channels in nociception with the elucidation of their role in the detection of external stimuli and nociceptive hypersensitivity.
Trading digital intangible goods: the rules of the game (2005)

The authors first specify the terms and conditions for the commercialization of intangible goods, and particularly digital documents, defining a mapping between the commercialization terms of the tangible goods (printed information) to the commercialization terms of the intangible goods (digital document). The meaning and limits of purchasing, accessing, redistributing, copying, preserving user anonymity, etc., are defined in accordance with the well established rules governing the trade of printed information. We next specify the requirements that a digital commercialization system of intangible goods should fulfill in order to guarantee the rights of its users (providers and consumers) like user anonymity, superdistribution, marketing policies, etc. Finally we give a brief presentation of a framework and a pilot application that we designed and implemented for the commercialization of digital documents.
Design Optimization of Radially Magnetized, Iron-Cored, Tubular Permanent-Magnet Machines and Drive Systems (2004)

In this paper we deduce, from analytical field solutions, the influence of leading design parameters on the performance of a radially magnetized, iron-cored, tubular permanent-magnet machine and its drive system. We derive analytical formulas for predicting the open-circuit electromotive force, the thrust force, the iron loss, and the winding resistance and inductances, as well as the converter losses. The force density, the machine and drive system efficiencies, and the power factor and converter volt-ampere (VA) rating are established as functions of a set of machine dimensional ratios, with due account of magnetic saturation and subject to a specified thermal constraint. We validate the utility and accuracy of the analytically derived formulas by finite-element calculations. Finally, we show that the design optimization of such a linear drive system must account for the losses and VA rating of the converter as well as the design parameters of the tubular machine.
Structure of Molten Oxides. II. A Density Study of Binary Germanates Containing Li2O, Na2O, K2O, and Rb2O (1963)

An improved counterbalanced sphere viscometer—densitometer was used to obtain density information between 1050° to 1500°C for a series of binary germanate melts containing as much as 60 mole% Li2O, Na2O, K2O, and Rb2O. Densities and the expansion coefficient of molten GeO2 between 1100° to 1400°C were estimated from the binary data. The molar volume, expansion coefficient, partial molar volume and partial molar expansion deviations suggest a mode of network alteration that differs from that observed for silicate melts. This confirms the previously reported viscosity results for binary alkali germanate melts. It is suggested that a gradual change from tetrahedral to octahedral configuration occurs for GeO2 with the addition of alkali oxide. The maximum stability of octahedrally coordinated germanium at 1300°C appears to occur for melts containing from 15 to 30 mole% M2O. A rapid return to tetrahedral configuration appears to take place for most germanate melts as the alkali oxide content is increased above 30 mole%. These alkali-rich germanate melts possess properties that are similar to those found for their silicate analogs. It is suggested that discrete anions also exist in these alkali rich germanate melts.