gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gd-DTPA-enhanced 3D MR imaging of cervical degenerative disk disease: initial experience. (1992)

If extradural degenerative disk disease is being evaluated, then a single enhanced 3D T1-weighted imaging sequence taking 6 minutes can be equivalent to a routine set of mixed 2D spin echo and low flip angle gradient echo sequences.
[Clinical evaluation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA]. (2003)

It is important to monitor the quantity of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA for the evaluation of the therapeutic effect of lamivudine on patients with chronic HBV infection. Using 174 samples from HBV-infected patients, in this study, we compared two methods for the detection of HBV-DNA; AMPLICOR HBV MONITOR Test (PCR method; Roche Diagnostics) and QUANTIPLEX HBV DNA Assay (bDNA) (probe method; Daiichi Pure Chemicals CO.). In all 174 samples, the detection rate of HBV-DNA was higher in the PCR method (75.9%) than in the probe method (39.1%) (p < 0.001). Furthermore, both in 103 samples from patients who were negative for HBe antigen (Ag) and positive for anti-HBe antibody (Ab) and in 48 samples from patients who were undergoing lamivudine therapy, the detection rates of HBV-DNA were also higher in the PCR method (71.8% and 47.9%, respectively) than in the probe method (19.4% and 6.3%, respectively) (p < 0.001, respectively). Data from the two methods were significantly correlated in 68 samples that were positive in both methods (r = 0.988, p < 0.001, y = 0.913x + 0.184). These data indicate that the PCR method is more suitable for the detection of HBV-DNA in long-term follow-up patients with negative for HBe Ag and positive for anti-HBe Ab, and in patients with lamivudine therapy for HBV infection.
Energy and power primer (2014)

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Photocatalytic hydrogen production from a noble metal free system based on a water soluble porphyrin derivative and a cobaloxime catalyst (2013)

A combination of noble-metal free components, a water soluble porphyrin photosensitizer zinc meso-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin chloride [ZnTMPyP(4+)]Cl4 (1) with cobaloxime complex [Co(III)(dmgH)2(py)Cl] (2) as a catalyst, creates an efficient system for photochemical hydrogen production acting under visible light with 280 TONs. This is the first example of a water soluble porphyrin acting as a photosensitizer for cobaloxime catalysed H2 production.
Espacios expositivos de arte contemporáneo en la ciudad de Valencia: características particulares (2008)

La presente investigacion se propone ofrecer una vision de conjunto de los espacios expositivos de arte contemporaneo vigentes en la ciudad de Valencia. En el marco de una reflexion sobre la historia de los museos, desde los inicios del coleccionismo hasta la proliferacion de espacios expositivos, describe los cambios propiciados por los acontecimientos sociales, politicos e ideologicos de cada periodo con respecto a estos espacios, la evolucion de sus aspectos conceptuales y su relacion con el desarrollo de la arquitectura, la cultura de masas o las nuevas tecnologias. A partir de este marco detalla la actividad expositiva de la ciudad de Valencia, desde sus origenes hasta la actualidad, revisando las iniciativas mas significativas al respecto y aportando un minucioso y riguroso corpus de datos de dichos espacios expositivos. De esta manera, la investigacion cumple con uno de sus requisitos fundamentales: el de reunir informacion dispersa y ofrecer un estudio global sobre este tema, inexistente hasta el momento en una sola publicacion.
Plasmonic Nanogels for Unclonable Optical Tagging (2016)

We demonstrate the fabrication of novel functional gel coatings with randomized physical and chemical patterns that enable dual encoding ability to realize unclonable optical tags. This design is based on swelling-mediated massive reconstruction of an ultrathin responsive gelatinous polymer film uniformly adsorbed with plasmonic nanostructures into a randomized network of interacting folds, resulting in bright electromagnetic hotspots within the folds. We reveal a strong correlation between the topology and near-field electromagnetic field enhancement due to the intimate contact between two plasmonic surfaces within the folds, each of them representing a unique combination of local topography and chemical distribution caused by the formation of electromagnetic hotspots. Because of the efficient trapping of the Raman reporters within the uniquely distributed electromagnetic hotspots, the surface enhanced Raman scattering enhancement from the morphed plasmonic gel was found to be nearly 40 times higher compared to that from the pristine plasmonic gel. Harnessing the nondeterministic nature of the folds, the folded plasmonic gel can be employed as a multidimensional (with dual topo-chemical encoding) optical taggant for prospective anticounterfeiting applications. Such novel optical tags based on the spontaneous folding process are virtually impossible to replicate because of the combination of nondeterministic physical patterns and chemical encoding.
Combining Capillary Electrophoresis with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2001)

Since its first introduction in 1981 by Lucaks and Jorgenson (1,2), capillary electrophoresis (CE) has become a rapidly expanding analytical technique that has been successfully employed in a wide range of analytical areas, including pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and environmental fields and in clinical, pharmacological, and drug metabolism studies (3). The reasons for this fast breakthrough are the high efficiency, short analysis time, rapid method development, and simple instrumentation. Other advantages include the very small sample quantities (e.g., femtomoles) that can be analyzed. This is particularly important for studies in which sample size is limited. In addition, exotic and/or expensive background electrolyte (BGE) solutions can be used with minimal cost and disposal problems because of the low usage associated with CE compared to liquid chromatography. Because of the numerous publications in peer-reviewed journals, CE has been established as a method that is complementary to the more conventional separation techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC).KeywordsCapillary Zone ElectrophoresisChiral SelectorElectrospray Mass SpectrometryTropane AlkaloidMicellar Electrokinetic ChromatographyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Morphological silica-supported acid catalyst for esterification of aliphatic fatty acid (2009)

Abstract Silica-supported acid catalysts were synthesized and characterized for composition, morphology, particle size distribution, and crystallinity. The catalysts are used for the esterification of long-chain aliphatic acids with alcohol to produce the corresponding ester. Process parameters such as time, temperature, and solvent ratio influence the conversion of fatty acid to ester. A supported catalyst was found to show higher catalytic activity as compared to the conventional sulfuric acid catalyst.
Necklace beams in engineered nonlinear media (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Colloidal suspensions offer as a promising platform for engineering polarizibilities and realization of large and tunable nonlinearities. Previous studies of Gaussian beams propagation in various colloidal suspensions predicted in a number of remarkable optical phenomena and applications, including initiation and regulation of chemical reactions, sorting different species of nanoparticles and imaging through highly scattering media. As compared to the conventionally used Gaussian beams, optical vortices that are characterized by the doughnut-shaped intensity profile and a helical phase front offer even more degrees of freedom for, in particular, optical trapping or imaging applications. In our earlier work, we predicted, using the linear stability analysis and numerical simulations, that the perturbations with an orbital angular momentum of a particular charge will be amplified and lead to the formation of a necklace beam with a particular number of peaks, or “beads.” Here, we performed detailed experimental studies of such necklace beam formation that show an excellent agreement with the analytical and numerical predictions. This work might bring about new possibilities for dynamic optical manipulation and transmission of light through scattering media as well as formation of complex optical patters in colloids.
Über heterocyclische Siebenringsysteme, XIV. Weitere Ringschlußreaktionen mit o.o′‐Diamino‐biphenyl (1965)

Abstract o.o′‐Diamino‐biphenyl reagiert mit aromatischen, heterocyclischen und α‐elektronegativ substituierten aliphatischen Imidsäureester‐hydrochloriden zu 6‐substituierten 5H‐Dibenzo[d.f][1.3]diazepinen ( 1–17 ). Mandelimidsäureester‐ und die kernsubstituierten Mandelimidsäureester‐hydrochloride setzen sich zu 6‐[α‐Hydroxy‐benzyl]‐5 H‐dibenzo[d.f][1.3]diazepinen um, die leicht zu den 6‐Benzoyl‐Derivaten dehydriert werden.
Kinetische Charakterisierung des Aminosäurenmetabolismus primärer humaner Leberzellen in 3D-Bioreaktoren (2005)

Primäre humane Leberzellen wurden in 3D-Multikompartment-Bioreaktoren unter kontinuierlicher Mediumperfusion mit dezentraler, direkter Oxygenierung kultiviert. Dieses bioartifizielle System erlaubt die kinetische Analyse des zellulären Metabolismus unter verschiedenen standardisierten Prozessbedingungen [Gerlach et al., 1996; 2003]. 18 Prozessläufe (Kulturen) wurden hinsichtlich ihrer spezifischen Zellleistung (Performance) beurteilt. Ziel der Analyse der Daten dieser Kulturen war es, kinetische Muster im Metabolismus zu erkennen, die mit der Performance korrelieren. Basierend auf den Zeitreihen von 33 kinetischen Größen dieser 18 Kulturen, darunter den Konzentrationen von 18 Aminosäuren, wurden mittels Cluster-Analyse typische kinetische Muster identifiziert (Analyse der 15 anderen Größen in [Pfaff et al., 2004; Zeilinger et al., 2005]). Anschließend wurden Zusammenhänge dieser Muster mit der Performance analysiert. Dafür wurden Korrelationsnetzwerke, Bayessche Netzwerke, Fuzzy-Regeln und Differentialgleichungssysteme eingesetzt. Auf Basis der Aminosäuren ist die Langzeit-Performance allein aufgrund der kinetischen Verläufe von Methionin und Leucin bereits während der ersten 6 Prozesstage mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit (>93%) vorhersagbar. Die Kulturen mit hoher Performance sind bereits in den ersten Tagen durch eine rasche Metabolisierung von 11 Aminosäuren nach sehr einheitlichen Zeitverläufen charakterisiert. Aspartat, das ab dem 3. Tag verstärkt dosiert wurde, und Glutamat zeigen dagegen steigende Verläufe ab diesem Tag. Die Kinetiken der Kulturen mit reduzierter Performance weichen in vielfältiger Weise von diesen Mustern ab. So sind z.B. die Kulturen mit niedriger Performance durch fallende Verläufe des Glutamats ab dem 1. Tag charakterisiert. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen der Cluster- und Netzwerk-Analyse sowie einer N-Bilanzierung konnte ein vereinfachtes dynamisches Modell des Aminosäurenmetabolismus in 3D-Leberzell-Bioreaktoren entworfen werden [Schmidt-Heck et al., 2004].
A forensic case study: the detection of contraband drugs in carrier solutions by Raman spectroscopy (2010)

Recently, cocaine has been concealed by dissolving it in alcohol and then transporting it in solution through ports and airports. At the present time it is very difficult to detect cocaine in this form in these environments. However, it has been shown that Raman spectroscopy can successfully detect the presence of these drugs without removing specimens from their containers. Using two portable 785 nm instruments and a 1064 nm laboratory-based instrument, several common containers used in smuggling were analyzed with varying concentrations of cocaine in ethanol solutions. The presence of cocaine is detectable to about 6% w/v in most containers. Green glass presents a problem at 785 nm due to fluorescence but by switching to 1064 nm this can be removed. To apply this technique to real samples as met within law enforcement scenarios, cocaine was dissolved in a selection of dark and white rums including Lamb's Navy Rum(™) , Brugal Añejo(™) , Bacardi(™) and Captain Morgan(™) ; cocaine was detected in all these rum solutions.
MEASUREMENT OF THE LIFETIME OF PHOTO-GENERATED FREE CARRIERS IN <font>SiGe</font> WAVEGUIDES (2007)

The carrier lifetime in SiGe planar waveguides with Si cladding was measured with a pump-and-probe technique, using an ultrashort 810 nm laser pulse and a CW 1.55 μm probe, as a function of layer thickness d and Ge concentration x. The measured lifetimes are in the range of 20-90 ns. The obtained interface recombination velocity S is a growing function of both d and x, taking values in the range from 300 to 4000 cm/s.
Future Directions in Mobile Communications (1996)

This paper will outline the technological challenges faced in mobile telephones as wireless networks evolve further, to offer a multitude of services, including broadband services.
Theoretical investigation of graphitic BeO (1990)

The possibility of whether BeO, a wide-band-gap semiconductor (7.8--10.7 eV), may exist in the layered graphitic phase---as do the other members of the family of first-row compounds C and BN---is investigated employing a first-principles total-energy local-density-approximation study of the electronic structure of this series of compounds in the layered and the dense wurtzitelike phases. We obtain the minimum-energy path between these phases in BeO and compare with those of C and BN. The chemical trends responsible for the relative metastability along the series are revealed after a detailed analysis of the differences of the energy components of the compounds in the two phases. We also offer a process for the synthesis of BeO which is based on recent progress in the synthesis of new graphitic materials by chemical vapor deposition.
Conformation-Sensitive Gel Electrophoresis (2003)

Several large databases are now available which contain information on hundreds of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed throughout the genome. Although these databases represent a tremendous resource for studies of human variation and disease, two challenges remain. First is the development of novel strategies of genotyping known SNP based genetic markers that will allow accurate and rapid high-throughput analyses (1,2). Second is the development of sensitive and specific methods for the detection of previously unknown, novel SNPs in particular genes or genomic regions of special interest. The various methods currently available for detection of SNPs all depend on the ability to detect different physical properties in DNA molecules that result from variations in the nucleotide sequence. These properties include minor differences in thermal melting profiles of two DNA molecules differing in sequence by a single base or structural distortions in perfectly double stranded nucleic acid molecules due to the presence of unpaired or mismatched bases.
Comparative Analysis of the Genomes of Two Field Isolates of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (2012)

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive diseases of rice worldwide. The fungal pathogen is notorious for its ability to overcome host resistance. To better understand its genetic variation in nature, we sequenced the genomes of two field isolates, Y34 and P131. In comparison with the previously sequenced laboratory strain 70-15, both field isolates had a similar genome size but slightly more genes. Sequences from the field isolates were used to improve genome assembly and gene prediction of 70-15. Although the overall genome structure is similar, a number of gene families that are likely involved in plant-fungal interactions are expanded in the field isolates. Genome-wide analysis on asynonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitution rates revealed that many infection-related genes underwent diversifying selection. The field isolates also have hundreds of isolate-specific genes and a number of isolate-specific gene duplication events. Functional characterization of randomly selected isolate-specific genes revealed that they play diverse roles, some of which affect virulence. Furthermore, each genome contains thousands of loci of transposon-like elements, but less than 30% of them are conserved among different isolates, suggesting active transposition events in M. oryzae. A total of approximately 200 genes were disrupted in these three strains by transposable elements. Interestingly, transposon-like elements tend to be associated with isolate-specific or duplicated sequences. Overall, our results indicate that gain or loss of unique genes, DNA duplication, gene family expansion, and frequent translocation of transposon-like elements are important factors in genome variation of the rice blast fungus.
Functional Optimization of Adaptive Cruise Control Using Navigation Data (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper explains how driver assistance systems, using ACC as an example, can take advantage of navigation data. The operational concept of the assistance function has to be designed according to the particular properties of this additional data source. Even with the quality of navigation data available today, BMW's ACC system can be enhanced by dynamics, which adapt to the situation, providing even more benefit for the customer.</div>
Development of electronic band structure of the K-adsorbed Si(111)7 × 7 surface (1999)

Adsorption of K on the Si(111)7 × 7 surface has been investigated in the submonolayer coverage range at room temperature. The method of threshold photoemission spectroscopy using s- and p-polarized light excitation was employed for studying the evolution of surface electronic structure near the Fermi level, the work function and the ionization energy. A qualitative change in character of band structure has been observed, depending on K coverage. Suppression of metallicity of the Si(111)7 × 7 surface was found at the initial stage of K adsorption. One surface band A1 below the VBM was revealed at low coverage. Increasing K coverage has led to both the appearance of the K-induced band A2 and significant movement of the band towards the Fermi level. The K/Si(111)7 × 7 interface was found to be semiconducting-like up to saturation coverage. Near saturation, the Fermi level is seen to cross the K-induced band A2. Such surface band structure is identified as being metallic-like. Results indicate metallization via adlayer accompanied by Fermi level pinning.
OUTCOMES WITH BRUTON TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITION IN RELAPSED/REFRACTORY CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA/SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA AFTER PROGRESSION ON VENETOCLAX (2017)

Introduction: The BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax entered clinical practice in the USA and Europe after the BTK inhibitor (BTKi) ibrutinib had become standard of care for relapsed CLL. Recent data indicate that venetoclax is efficacious after progression on ibrutinib (Jones et al., ASH, 2016), but efficacy of BTKi after progressive disease (PD) on venetoclax has not been explored. We report outcomes of CLL/SLL receiving BTKi treatment after PD on venetoclax. Methods: Of 67 consecutive patients with BTKi naive relapsed/refractory CLL/SLL treated on early phase venetoclax trials at two Australian centers (June 2011–March 2016), 10 received subsequent BTKi, either ibrutinib 420 mg daily or a novel BTKi on trial. Responses to BTKi were assessed according to iwCLL criteria with the 2012 Cheson addendum for novel therapies and analysed as of 1st October 2016. Results: Of the 67 patients on venetoclax, eight developed progressive CLL/SLL. Six of these received ibrutinib as their next therapy, all commencing within 2 months of ceasing venetoclax (Table 1). The two patients who did not receive ibrutinib progressed before this agent was available in Australia. Five of the six patients receiving ibrutinib achieved a PR at a median 6 (4–9) months. One patient had SD at 2 months. After a median follow up of 10 months (6–16), three remain alive with ongoing clinical response to BTKi at 6, 13 and 16 months. The other 3 died of PD. An additional four patients received BTKi for progressive CLL after initially requiring salvage therapy for Richter transformation on venetoclax. All 4 had achieved a clinical response of their large cell lymphoma (3 CR, 1PR) with salvage chemotherapy, prior to BTKi (ibrutinib n = 3; novel BTKi n = 1) after subsequent CLL progression. All attained a PR and remain in ongoing response at 3, 19, 21, 20 months on BTKi (Figure 1). No unusual toxicities of BTKi were seen. Conclusions: Amongst this population with multiply relapsed CLL, confirmed responses were seen with BTKi therapy in 9/10 patients post PD on venetoclax. Together with the data for venetoclax after ibrutinib failure, these findings suggest that cross-resistance between BCL2 and BTK inhibitors is not manifest in most patients and justify the use of BTKi therapy after failure of venetoclax in BTKi-naïve patients. Keywords: B-cell receptor (BCR); BCL2; chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
The evaluation of velopharyngeal function using flexible nasendoscopy (1997)

Nasendoscopy is an essential tool in assessing the dynamic function and structure of the velopharyngeal sphincter during speech and swallowing. Flexible fibre-optic nasendoscopy has been used by the cleft palate team at Withington Hospital, Manchester since 1989. Seventy-six patients were referred between 1989 and 1994 for evaluation of velopharyngeal function during speech. Flexible nasendoscopic evaluation was attempted in 50 patients, and successfully carried out in 43 patients. The age range was four years to 77 years (mean 21 years). The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 consisting of patients with cleft palate and Group 2 comprised of patients with non-overt cleft palate-related velopharyngeal dysfunction of various aetiologies; such as, submucous cleft, post-tonsillectomy, post-adenoidectomy, neurological and post-traumatic. Based on the findings on nasendoscopy, videofluoroscopy and clinical speech/voice analysis the following treatment options were recommended: 17 (40 per cent) for pharyngoplasty, five (11 per cent) for revision pharyngoplasty, 15 (35 per cent) for speech therapy, four for an obturator and one for tonsillectomy. Two previously undetected submucous clefts were diagnosed.
Nutritional deficiencies in a patient with glycogen storage disease type Ib (1999)

The current mainstay of treatment in glycogen storage disease type I (GSD I) is dietary management that includes providing a frequent source of glucose to prevent hypoglycaemia. To ensure compliance, routine follow-up by a health care team, including a dietitian, experienced in the treatment of GSD is necessary. We describe an adolescent patient with GSD Ib in good metabolic control who was admitted with a 3-month history of weakness, depression, vomiting, decreased appetite and a 11.4-kg weight loss. He had a recent onset of unsteady gait, inability to write, and sore mouth. After an extensive work-up, the patient was found to have vitamin B12, folate, iron and other nutritional deficiencies, which explained his symptoms. The patient improved within 72 h of initiation of total parenteral nutrition and therapeutic doses of deficient micronutrients, with a complete recovery in 2 months. Dietary restrictions, dependence on non-food products (e.g. cornstarch in GSD I), and social and developmental issues place individuals with metabolic disorders at a high risk for developing an array of nutritional deficiencies. This case highlights the importance of both close follow-up of the metabolic control and close monitoring of growth and nutritional intake in individuals with inborn errors of metabolism. This case also illustrates the importance of daily supplementation with appropriate multivitamins, calcium and other minerals needed to meet the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) in these patients.