gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of grain size on threshold behavior of small crack in plain carbon steel. (1986)

The effects of grain size for improving in fatigue strength was studied on plain carbon steel, with a special emphasis on the critical behavior of the non-propagating crack. It is found from experimental analysis that the endurance limit of plain carbon steel follows the Hall-Petch type relationship in a wide range of ferrite grain sizes. However, the effect of grain refinement on the endurance limit is not so prominent, compared with results already popularly known. Furthermore, an improvement in the fatigue strength of low carbon steel by grain refinement can be associated with the restriction of the length of a critical non-propagating crack, and with an increase of the crack growth resistance of matrix ferrite.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dibenzo[c,e][1,2]diazocines — A New Group of Eight‐Membered Cyclic Azo Compounds. (2015)

Abstract Hitherto unknown dibenzodiazocines are prepared from azo compounds (I) and (III) under mild Ullmann‐type reaction conditions.
Abnormal spore cleavage: Abnormal spores of Allomyces macrogynus (1983)

In the aquatic phycomycete Allomyces macrogynus abnormal spore cleavage takes place in the presence of colchicine or benomyl resulting in multinucleate–multiflagellate spores due to failure in the formation of cytoplasmic microtubules after the induction of zoosporogenesis. The 27 cytoplasmic microtubules which normally surround the nucleus and nuclear cap of the mature spore are not formed in the presence of colchicine or benomyl. At high concentrations of colchicine (4–8 mg/ml) the spores do not have a flagellum. Colchicine or benomyl inhibit microtubule formation during zoosporogenesis and also appear to perturb the mobilization of the gamma bodies which are believed to be the source of the vesicles which form the axonemal membrane and cleavage furrows. These observations are discussed in relation to the hypothesis of Heath that cytoplasmic microtubules formed during zoosporogenesis determine cytoplasmic domains which will delimit the spore initials at cleavage. The observations presented here appear to confirm this hypothesis.
INFLUÊNCIA DO HTLV-I NA INCIDÊNCIA, RESPOST -I NA INCIDÊNCIA, RESPOST -I NA INCIDÊNCIA, RESPOST -I NA INCIDÊNCIA, RESPOST -I NA INCIDÊNCIA, RESPOSTA IMUNE E MANIFEST (2009)

O virus linfotropico de celulas T humanas do tipo 1 (HTLV-I) e o agente causal da mielopatia associada ao HTLV-I (HAM/TSP) e da leucemia/linfoma de celulas T do adulto (ATLL) e e prevalente no Brasil, Africa, America Central e Japao. O virus infecta celulas T e tem sido observado que a infeccao pelo HTLV-I pode interferir na incidencia, expressao de doenca e resposta imune de outras doencas infecciosas, tais como estrongiloidiase, sarna norueguesa, tuberculose e esquistossomose. Neste trabalho, foi revisado o que ha na literatura sobre a associacao entre HTLV-I e outras doencas infecciosas, enfatizando a tuberculose, outras doencas bacterianas, helmintiases, infeccoes virais e sarna norueguesa. Alem disso, foram adicionados dados ainda nao publicados de pesquisa que vem sendo desenvolvida no Servico de Imunologia do Complexo Hospitalar Universitario Professor Edgard Santos, UFBA. Palavras chave: HTLV-I e estrongiloidiase, tuberculose e HTLV-I, escabiose e HTLV-I, esquistossomose e HTLV-I. Human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is causal agent of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP) and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and its prevalent in Brazil, Africa and Central America. The virus infects predominantly CD4 + T cells and it has been observed that HTLV-I infection may influence the incidence, clinical manifestations and immune response of other diseases like strongyloidiasis, scabies and schistosomiasis. Here we revised publications about association between HTLV-I and others infectious diseases, with emphasis in tuberculosis, helminthiasis, scabies and viral and bacterial infections. Moreover, we added data generated in the Immunology Service of the Complexo Hospitalar
Thermoelectric properties of (In,Yb) double-filled CoSb3 skutterudite (2008)

Indium-filled CoSb3 skutterudites have been shown previously to have promising thermoelectric properties but the thermal conductivity still remains somewhat high. In order to further decrease the thermal conductivity, the double-filling approach has been adopted using ytterbium, in conjunction with indium, due to its heavy mass and small size. The In0.1YbyCo4Sb12 (y=0.00, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20) samples have been prepared by a melting method and subsequently characterized by means of electron microscopy, electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, and Hall coefficient measurements. The results show that the ytterbium filling effectively decreases the thermal conductivity without degrading the power factor, resulting in an enhancement of the dimensionless figure of merit ZT. A state-of-the-art ZT value of 0.97 is attained in In0.1Yb0.1Co4Sb12 at 750 K.
A Ubiquitous Fashionable Computer with an i-Throw Device on a Location-Based Service Environment (2007)

The ubiquitous fashionable computer (UFC), introduced in this paper, is a wearable computer that allows people to exploit ubiquitous computing environment in a user-friendly manner. We present the design approach and philosophy of the UFC that is wearable, aesthetic, and intuitive. The UFC supports the interoperability of various communication interfaces among WLAN, Bluetooth and ZigBee devices. We developed a wireless gesture recognition device, called i -Throw, which is small enough to be worn on one's finger like a ring. The UFC, with the help of i -Throw, can control ubiquitous environment using an intuitive hand motion. To explain the practical use of the UFC platform and the user-friendly interaction with ubiquitous environment, we implemented a ubiquitous testbed where multiple UFC users interact with various ubiquitous devices or other UFC users. In addition, we implemented a practical application which makes it possible to exchange the various objects and control ubiquitous devices very easily.
Noninvasive switchable acousto-optic taps for optical fiber (1990)

Two novel tap designs are demonstrated based on phase-matched coupling from the fundamental mode of a fiber to a higher-order core-guided or cladding-guided mode through the acoustooptic effect. The acoustic waves are coupled to the fiber using a Hertzian (deformed surface-to-surface) contact with a grooved transducer substrate. The first tap consists of a two-mode fiber coupler in conjunction with a microbend tap. The coupler converts approximately 5% of the fundamental mode power to the second-order mode. At the microbend tap, the higher-order mode is preferentially radiated from the fiber. The second tap uses a similar mode-coupling mechanism to convert a fraction of the fundamental mode power into a cladding-guided mode in a single-mode fiber.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nuclear membrane cholesterol can modulate nuclear nucleoside triphosphatase activity (1996)

Previous work has suggested that changes in nuclear membrane cholesterol may induce a stimulation in nuclear nucleoside triphosphatase (NTPase) activity. The purpose of the present study was to directly investigate if nuclear membrane cholesterol can stimulate nuclear NTPase activity. The cholesterol content of nuclei was altered with a liposomal methodology. The cholesterol content of nuclei isolated from hepatic tissue was relatively low in comparison to that typically exhibited by other membrane fractions. Because of this, it was difficult to further deplete the nuclear membrane of cholesterol, but we could successfully increase the cholesterol content after exposure to cholesterol-enriched liposomes. Nuclear NTPase activity was potently stimulated (approximately 150-200% of control) by an increase in the nuclear membrane cholesterol content. The Vmax of the NTPase activity in the presence of ATP or GTP was significantly increased after cholesterol enrichment without altering the affinity of the enzyme for these moieties. Mg2+ dependency of NTPase activity was also altered by cholesterol incorporation into the nuclear membrane. Cholesterol enrichment of the nuclear membrane also left the nuclei more susceptible to damage by salt-induced lysis than control nuclei. Our results clearly demonstrate that the cholesterol content of the nuclear membrane will have significant, direct effects on nuclear integrity and NTPase activity.
The Milagro gamma-ray observatory (2001)

The Milagro water Cherenkov detector began full operation in January 2000. This detector is capable of monitoring the Northern sky at energies above 500 GeV for sources of equivalent strength to the Crab Nebula over one year of integration. We report on the current performance and sensitivity of Milagro.
Temporal spike pattern learning (2008)

Sensory systems pass information about an animal's environment to higher nervous system units through sequences of action potentials. When these action potentials have essentially equivalent wave forms, all information is contained in the interspike intervals (ISIs) of the spike sequence. How do neural circuits recognize and read these ISI sequences? We address this issue of temporal sequence learning by a neuronal system utilizing spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP). We present a general architecture of neural circuitry that can perform the task of ISI recognition. The essential ingredients of this neural circuit, which we refer to as "interspike interval recognition unit" (IRU) are (i) a spike selection unit, the function of which is to selectively distribute input spikes to downstream IRU circuitry; (ii) a time-delay unit that can be tuned by STDP; and (iii) a detection unit, which is the output of the IRU and a spike from which indicates successful ISI recognition by the IRU. We present two distinct configurations for the time-delay circuit within the IRU using excitatory and inhibitory synapses, respectively, to produce a delayed output spike at time t_{0}+tau(R) in response to the input spike received at time t_{0} . R is the tunable parameter of the time-delay circuit that controls the timing of the delayed output spike. We discuss the forms of STDP rules for excitatory and inhibitory synapses, respectively, that allow for modulation of R for the IRU to perform its task of ISI recognition. We then present two specific implementations for the IRU circuitry, derived from the general architecture that can both learn the ISIs of a training sequence and then recognize the same ISI sequence when it is presented on subsequent occasions.
Electrostriction of Near-Critical<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>SF</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>in Microgravity (1999)

We used interferometry to measure the electric-field-induced (i.e., ``electrostrictive'') increase of the density of sulfur hexafluoride near its critical point. The results at the temperatures ${T}_{c}+5\mathrm{mK}$, ${T}_{c}+10\mathrm{mK}$, and ${T}_{c}+30\mathrm{mK}$, with ${T}_{c}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}319\mathrm{K}$, agree with a calculation based on the Clausius-Mossotti relation and the restricted cubic model equation of state. These measurements were performed in microgravity so that the electrostrictive density changes ( $\ensuremath{\le}3.5%$ in this work) would not be complicated by stratification of the fluid's density induced by the Earth's gravity.
Reactivity and Catalytic Activity of a Robust Ruthenium(II)−Triphos Complex (2007)

The ruthenium(II)-triphos acetato complex [RuCl(OAc)(kappa3-triphos)] (triphos = (PPh2CH2)3CMe) has been found to be an active catalyst precursor for the hydrogenation of 1-alkenes under relatively mild conditions (5-50 bar H2, 50 degrees C). In contrast to related triphenylphosphine complexes, [RuCl(OAc)(kappa3-triphos)] is much less air sensitive and high catalytic activities were achieved when catalyst samples were prepared without exclusion of air or moisture. Substitution of the acetato ligand can be effected by treatment of acid, affording [Ru2(mu-Cl)3(kappa3-triphos)2]Cl and [RuCl(kappa3-triphos)]2(BF4)2 with aqueous HCl and [Et2OH]BF4, respectively, or by heating with dmpm in the presence of [NH4]PF6, resulting in formation of [RuCl(kappa2-dmpm)(kappa3-triphos)]PF6 (dmpm = PMe2CH2PMe2). A hydride complex, [RuHCl(kappa3-triphos)], formed by acetato-mediated heterolytic cleavage of dihydrogen is proposed as the active catalytic species. An inner-sphere, monohydride mechanism is suggested for the catalytic cycle, with chloro and triphos ligands playing a spectator role. These mechanistic proposals are consistent with reactivity studies carried out on [RuCl(OAc)(kappa3-triphos)] and [RuH(OAc)(kappa3-triphos)] and supported by a computational analysis. The solid-state structures of [RuCl(OAc)(kappa3-triphos)], [RuCl(kappa3-triphos)]2(BF4)2, and [RuCl(kappa2-dmpm)(kappa3-triphos)]PF6 have been established by X-ray diffraction.
A Quadruplex Real-Time PCR Assay for the Rapid Detection and Differentiation of the Most Relevant Members of the B. pseudomallei Complex: B. mallei, B. pseudomallei, and B. thailandensis (2016)

The Burkholderia pseudomallei complex classically consisted of B. mallei, B. pseudomallei, and B. thailandensis, but has now expanded to include B. oklahomensis, B. humptydooensis, and three unassigned Burkholderia clades. Methods for detecting and differentiating the B. pseudomallei complex has been the topic of recent research due to phenotypic and genotypic similarities of these species. B. mallei and B. pseudomallei are recognized as CDC Tier 1 select agents, and are the causative agents of glanders and melioidosis, respectively. Although B. thailandensis and B. oklahomensis are generally avirulent, both display similar phenotypic characteristics to that of B. pseudomallei. B. humptydooensis and the Burkholderia clades are genetically similar to the B. pseudomallei complex, and are not associated with disease. Optimal identification of these species remains problematic, and PCR-based methods can resolve issues with B. pseudomallei complex detection and differentiation. Currently, no PCR assay is available that detects the major species of the B. pseudomallei complex. A real-time PCR assay in a multiplex single-tube format was developed to simultaneously detect and differentiate B. mallei, B. pseudomallei, and B. thailandensis, and a common sequence found in B. pseudomallei, B. mallei, B. thailandensis, and B. oklahomensis. A total of 309 Burkholderia isolates and 5 other bacterial species were evaluated. The assay was 100% sensitive and specific, demonstrated sensitivity beyond culture and GC methods for the isolates tested, and is completed in about an hour with a detection limit between 2.6pg and 48.9pg of gDNA. Bioinformatic analyses also showed the assay is likely 100% specific and sensitive for all 84 fully sequenced B. pseudomallei, B. mallei, B. thailandensis, and B. oklahomensis strains currently available in GenBank. For these reasons, this assay could be a rapid and sensitive tool in the detection and differentiation for those species of the B. pseudomallei complex with recognized clinical and practical significance.
Investigation of interfacial oxidation control using sacrificial metallic Al and La passivation layers on InGaAs (2012)

The ability of metallic Al and La interlayers to control the oxidation of InGaAs substrates is examined by monochromatic x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and compared to the interfacial chemistry of atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 directly on InGaAs surfaces. Al and La layers were deposited by electron-beam and effusion cell evaporators, respectively, on In0.53Ga0.47As samples with and without native oxides present. It was found that both metals are extremely efficient at scavenging oxygen from III–V native oxides, which are removed below XPS detection limits prior to ALD growth. However, metallic Ga/In/As species are simultaneously observed to form at the semiconductor–metal interface. Upon introduction of the samples to the ALD chamber, these metal bonds are seen to oxidize, leading to Ga/In–O bond growth that cannot be controlled by subsequent trimethyl-aluminum (TMA) exposures. Deposition on an oxide-free InGaAs surface results in both La and Al atoms displacing group III atoms near the surface of the semiconductor. The displaced substrate atoms tend to partially oxidize and leave both metallic and III–V oxide species trapped below the interlayers where they cannot be “cleaned-up” by TMA. For both Al and La layers the level of Ga–O bonding detected at the interface appears larger then that seen following ALD directly on a clean surface.
Aglycone geniposidic acid, a naturally occurring crosslinking agent, and its application for the fixation of collagenous tissues (2007)

A natural compound, aglycone geniposidic acid (aGSA), originated from the fruits of Gardenia jasminoides ELLIS was used for the fixation of collagenous tissues. The presumed crosslinking reaction mechanism of collagenous tissues with aGSA was inferred by reacting aGSA with a bifunctional amine, 1,6-hexanediamine, using a series of (1)H NMR, FT-IR, and UV/Vis spectra analyses. aGSA reacted with 1,6-hexanediamine by a nucleophilic attack on the olefinic carbon atom at C-2 of deoxyloganin aglycone, followed by opening the dihydropyran ring to form heterocyclic amine compounds. It is inferred that aGSA may form intramolecular and intermolecular crosslinks with a heterocyclic structure within collagen fibers in tissues. The degrees of tissue fixation by aGSA at different pH values were investigated by examining the fixation indices and denaturation temperatures of test samples. It was found that the fixation indices and denaturation temperatures of test samples fixed at neutral or basic pH (pH 7.4 or pH 8.5) were significantly greater than at acidic pH (pH 4.0). The results obtained in this study may be used to elucidate the crosslinking mechanism and optimize the fixation process for developing bioprostheses fixed by aGSA.
Phase behavior of a semiflexible polymer with both thermotropic and lyotropic properties (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhase behavior of a semiflexible polymer with both thermotropic and lyotropic propertiesChristopher Viney, Do Y. Yoon, Bernd Reck, and Helmut RingsdorfCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 10, 4088–4093Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00200a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00200a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Small-Molecule Activators of a Proenzyme (2009)

Virtually all of the 560 human proteases are stored as inactive proenyzmes and are strictly regulated. We report the identification and characterization of the first small molecules that directly activate proenzymes, the apoptotic procaspases-3 and -6. It is surprising that these compounds induce autoproteolytic activation by stabilizing a conformation that is both more active and more susceptible to intermolecular proteolysis. These procaspase activators bypass the normal upstream proapoptotic signaling cascades and induce rapid apoptosis in a variety of cell lines. Systematic biochemical and biophysical analyses identified a cluster of mutations in procaspase-3 that resist small-molecule activation both in vitro and in cells. Compounds that induce gain of function are rare, and the activators reported here will enable direct control of the executioner caspases in apoptosis and in cellular differentiation. More generally, these studies presage the discovery of other proenzyme activators to explore fundamental processes of proenzyme activation and their fate-determining roles in biology.
Very low forward drop JBS rectifiers fabricated using submicron technology (1993)

The impact of using submicron technology (0.5- mu m design rules) on JBS (junction barrier controlled Schottky) rectifiers is examined. Two-dimensional numerical simulations demonstrate that decreasing P/sup +/-junction width and depth improves the on-state voltage drop. This is due to the improved utilization of the active area for the Schottky region and improved spreading of majority carrier current from the Schottky contact. However, a junction depth of less than 0.3 mu m results in an undesirable high electric field at the Schottky interface during reverse bias, leading to barrier height lowering, which produces a large leakage current. A large reduction in the spreading resistance is possible by increasing the N-epitaxial layer doping and by reducing the cell pitch in order to achieve the same pinch-off voltage. However, increasing the doping above 2*10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/ reduces the breakdown voltage below 25 V (which is required for 5 V power supplies). The simulations showed that, by using a proper choice of N-doping and P/sup +/-linewidth, one can reduce the leakage by one to two orders of magnitude as compared to a conventional Schottky buried diode. Experiments conducted to verify the simulations clearly demonstrate that the use of submicron technology can lead to significant improvement in JBS rectifier characteristics.
41. Does gallium uptake in the pulmonary hila predict involvement by non-Hodgkins lymphoma? (1992)

67Ga imaging of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is useful for evaluating the presence of viable tumour in a residual mass after treatment. However, we have frequently seen gallium uptake in the pulmonary hila without other evidence of lymphoma. To study the significance of this finding, 79 patients with intermediate grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were reviewed. Thirty-seven (47%) had abnormal hilar gallium uptake. Twenty-three of these could be fully evaluated, and only five (22%) had hilar lymphoma. A pattern of bilateral, symmetric hilar uptake was seen in 19 patients, but only one had evidence of lymphoma. In 15 cases, this pattern was seen only on single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The aetiology of this uptake remains unknown. It is not treatment related, as 12 patients had hilar gallium uptake prior to chemotherapy. Unless confirmed by other methods, hilar gallium uptake should not be attributed to lymphoma, and should not influence patient management.
Performance analysis of M-PAM signalling with Tomlinson Harashima precoding over ISI channels (2004)

An analytical method is developed to evaluate the symbol error probability of multilevel pulse amplitude modulation (M-PAM) system using Tomlinson-Harashima(1971, 1972) precoding (THP) over frequency-selective fading channels. Illustrative results obtained by using the developed analysis and simulation indicate an excellent agreement.