gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital control of pulse width modulated inverters for high performance uninterruptible power supplies (2004)

This PhD research discusses digital control strategies for three-phase Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) voltage inverters used in Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) for single unit and parallel unit systems.For the single inverter system, this research proposes a novel control strategy which utilizes the perfect Robust Servomechanism Problem (RSP) control theory to allow elimination of specified unwanted voltage harmonics from the output voltages under non-linear load conditions and to achieve fast recovery performance on load transient.This technique is combined with a discrete sliding mode current controller that provides fast current limiting capability needed for overload or short circuit conditions.For the parallel inverter system, a combination of two control methods is proposed: average power control method and droop control method.The average power method is used in order to overcome the sensitivity of load sharing to output voltage/current measurement errors and mismatch wiring impedances between units, while the droop method allows the control to still maintain proper load sharing in the event that inter-unit communication is lost.In addition to this, a harmonic droop scheme for sharing of harmonic content of the load currents is introduced based on the proposed single unit control.Control analysis, experimental and simulation studies, using two parallel three-phase PWM inverters, are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies, both for single and parallel inverter systems.
Evidence for interleukin-1β production by cultured normal human osteoblast-like cells (1991)

To determine if bone cells produce interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), a potent bone resorption-stimulating agent, we studied well-characterized, nearly homogeneous cultures of normal human osteoblast-like (hOB) cells. With four strains of such cells, vehicle-treated cultures produced minimal IL-1 beta (mean +/- SEM, 1.3 +/- 0.3 pg/ml per 10(6) cells per 24 h) and showed dose-dependent (r = 0.99) increases to 2.2 +/- 0.7, 5.0 +/- 0.9, or 17.8 +/- 6.7 pg/ml, respectively, after treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 3, 10, or 30 micrograms/ml (for increases after 10 and 30 micrograms/ml treatments, P less than 0.05). After treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) at 10 U/ml, IL-1 beta increased to 16.2 +/- 3.7 pg/ml (P less than 0.05). Neither 17 beta-estradiol nor bovine parathyroid hormone(1-34) (each at 10 nM), alone or in combination with LPS or TNF-alpha, affected IL-1 beta release. Northern blot analysis of total cellular RNA preparation revealed a single hybridization band at 1.9 kb when probed with a partially deleted cDNA for human IL-1 beta. The steady-state IL-1 beta mRNA levels showed a significant increase with LPS treatment and a lesser increase with TNF-alpha treatment in hOB cells. Moreover, TNF-alpha produced an even greater increase in IL-1 mRNA in HOBIT cells, a well-differentiated clonal cell line derived from normal hOB cells transfected with the SV40 large T antigen. We conclude that human cells of the osteoblast lineage produce IL-1 beta in response to well-recognized stimuli for IL-1 release from responsive tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Characterization of Friction Stir Welding on Aluminum (2009)

A series of linear and spot stir welding friction tests were carried out on aluminum samples of 1 mm in thickness and area of 100 mm x 27 mm. The tool rotating speed was varied from 2000 to 4000 RPM and the feeding rate from 45 to 67.8 mm/min. The temperature distribution during welding was measured by thermocouples inserted within the aluminum strips. The microstructure of the welded nuggets and the HAZ were analyzed by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Some samples were tested intension to measure the load carrying capacity of the welded bead. Preliminary analyses indicate that the temperature at the heat affected zone increases with the rotating speed.
Erratum: Bond Disorder Induced Criticality of the Three-Color Ashkin-Teller Model [Phys. Rev. Lett.<b>109</b>, 155701 (2012)] (2015)

In Fig. The results and conclusions are completely unchanged.
Material Identification Technology (MIT) concept technical feasibility study (1993)

The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) has initiated the design and development of a novel pulsed accelerator-based, active interrogation concept. The proposed concept, referred to as the Material Identification Technology (MIT), enables rapid (between accelerator pulses), non-destructive, elemental composition analysis of both nuclear and non-nuclear materials. Applications of this technique include material monitoring in support of counter-proliferation activities, such as export controls (at domestic and international inspection locations), SNM controls, nuclear weapon dismantlement, and chemical weapon verification. Material Identification Technology combines a pulsed, X-ray source (an electron accelerator) and a gamma detection system. The accelerator must maximize neutron production (pulse width, beam current, beam energy, and repetition rate) and minimize photon dose to the object. Current available accelerator technology can meet these requirements. The detection system must include detectors which provide adequate gamma energy resolution capability, rapid recovery after the initial X-ray interrogation pulse, and multiple single gamma event detection between accelerator pulses. Further research is required to develop the detection system. This report provides the initial feasibility assessment of the MIT concept.
The Essential Oil Composition of<i>Copaifera trapezifolia</i>Hayne Leaves (2006)

Abstract Samples of the leaves of Copaifera trapezifolia Hayne were collected every 3 h over a period of 24 h. Essential oils were isolated from each leaf sample and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents were β-caryophyllene (33.5%) and germacrene D (10.9%). No circadian variation was observed.
TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL)–Armed Exosomes Deliver Proapoptotic Signals to Tumor Site (2016)

TRAIL-armed exosomes can induce apoptosis in cancer cells and control tumor progression in vivo Therapeutic efficacy was particularly evident in intratumor setting, while depended on tumor model upon systemic administration. Thanks to their ability to deliver multiple signals, exosomes thus represent a promising therapeutic tool in cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3499-512. ©2016 AACR.
Synthesis and monomer reactivity ratios of methyl methacrylate and 2‐vinyl‐4,4′‐dimethylazlactone copolymers (2003)

Abstract We report the monomer reactivity ratios for copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and a reactive monomer, 2‐vinyl‐4,4′‐dimethylazlactone (VDMA), using the Fineman–Ross, inverted Fineman–Ross, Kelen–Tudos, extended Kelen–Tudos, and Tidwell–Mortimer methods at low and high polymer conversions. Copolymers were obtained by radical polymerization initiated by 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile in methyl ethyl ketone solutions and were analyzed by NMR, gas chromatography (GC), and gel permeation chromatography. 1 H NMR analysis was used to determine the molar fractions of MMA and VDMA in the copolymers at both low and high conversions. GC analysis determined the molar fractions of the monomers at conversions of less than 27% and greater than 65% for the low‐ and high‐conversion copolymers, respectively. The reactivity ratios indicated a tendency toward random copolymerization, with a higher rate of consumption of VDMA at high conversions. For both low‐ and high‐conversion copolymers, the molecular weights increased with increasing molar fractions of VDMA, and this was consistent with the faster consumption of VDMA (compared with that of MMA). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3027–3037, 2003
Regulation of phosphoglucose isomerase/autocrine motility factor expression by hypoxia (2005)

Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI; EC 5.3.1.9) is a housekeeping cytosolic enzyme of the sugar metabolism pathways that plays a key role in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. PGI is a multifunctional dimeric protein that extracellularly acts as a cytokine with properties that include autocrine motility factor (AMF) eliciting mitogenic, motogenic, differentiation functions and has been implicated in tumor progression and metastasis. Since metastasis is regulated in part by hypoxia, which induces the transcription of metastasis-associated genes and anaerobic glycolic metabolism, we questioned whether hypoxia also regulates the expression level of tumor cells' PGI/AMF. We establish here that in the human breast carcinoma BT-549 cells hypoxia enhanced expression of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1, which in turn led to the up-regulation of PGI/AMF expression and was specifically inhibited by inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase signaling pathway. In addition, the hypoxia induction of PGI/AMF expression was suppressed by inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or VEGF receptors, suggesting that hypoxia-inducible VEGF regulates the PGI/AMF expression. Hypoxia also enhanced cancer cell motility, and these effects were strongly inhibited by the PGI/AMF, VEGF, or VEGF receptor inhibitors. The results presented here suggest that under hypoxic conditions the expression of PGI/AMF is regulated in part by the HIF pathway, which in turn increases the flow of the glycolytic cascade leading to an increased anaerobic energy generation; thus, inhibition of PGI/AMF expression and activities may provide a new therapeutic modality for treatment of hypoxic tumors.
UWB channel impulse response characterization using deconvolution techniques (2003)

UWB Channels can be measured by sounding the channel with pulses, and thereby obtain the impulse response. Multipath components have different waveforms depending on the type of transmitter and receiver antennas used and the angles of transmission and reception. A modified deconvolution technique is introduced to extract the UWB channel response. The application of deconvolution techniques results in resolving multipath components with waveforms different from that of the sounding pulse. Resolving more components should improve the design of the rake receiver. Accurate characterization for the impulse response of a UWB communication system facilitates performance evaluation studies such as simulating the effect of pulse shaping.
Determination of copper and lead in high purity tellurium using MIBK extraction and square-wave polarography. (1964)

ク形波ポーラログラフを用いて,半導体材料用金属テルル中の銅と鉛を,比較的少量の試料で精度よく同時に定量できる方法を検討した.試料を王水で分解し乾固したのち,塩酸を加えて乾固をくり返す.塩酸(6または7N)-硝酸(0.5N)溶液20mlに溶解したのち,MIBKの20mlずつを用い,水相の硝酸濃度を0.5～0.8Nの範囲に保ちつつ,数回にわたり主成分のテルルを抽出除去する.水相を乾固したのち硫酸+硝酸(1+6)を少量加え,白煙がほとんど出なくなるまで加熱して有機物を分解除去する.1M硫酸または2Mリン酸の一定量(4または10ml)を加えて塩類を溶解したのち,ク形波ポーラログラムを記録する.本法を種々の試料に適用し,ほぼ満足できる結果を得た.
A Composite Core Conductor for Low Sag at High Temperatures (2005)

A new type of overhead conductor with a polymer composite core is evaluated in terms of the mechanical properties and operating characteristics. The conductor is composed of trapezoidal O'-tempered aluminum wires helically wound around a hybrid glass/carbon composite core produced by pultrusion. The conductor is intended for electrical power transmission, and is designated ACCC/TW, for aluminum conductor composite core/trapezoidal wire. Measurements of core properties and conductor sag at high temperatures were compared to conventional ACSR (aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced) of the same diameter. The tensile strength of the ACCC/TW was /spl sim/1.5 times greater than conventional ACSR of the same outer diameter. The CTE of the composite core was approximately 4 times lower than the steel core in ACSR. The ACCC/TW conductor exhibited a six-fold reduction in high-temperature sag compared with conventional ACSR (Drake) when operated at the same current. The ACCC/TW conductor also exhibited greater ampacity than ACSR conductor at all operating temperatures.
Introduction of Genetic Material into Plant Cells (2019)

This chapter discusses some of the experiments that indicate how DNA might be transferred from the bacterium to the plant, which sequences are involved in the integration of plasmid DNA into the plant chromosome, and how the integrated DNA appears to influence the growth properties of the infected cell. Many techniques have been proposed for the transfer of DNA to plants such as direct DNA uptake, microinjection of pure DNA, and the use of viral vectors. The interaction between Agrobacterium and plant cells sets in motion a chain of events that ultimately transfers the T-DNA from the Ti plasmid into the plant nuclear DNA. The experiments presented not only emphasize the effectiveness of the Ti plasmid as a vector for transfer of foreign genes to plants but also its potential to study the expression and regulation of the transferred genes.
Spatial and intensity modulation of light emission from silicon LED matrix (2005)

A novel experimental multi-terminal silicon light emitting diode matrix is described where both the emitted light intensity and the spatial light pattern of the device are controlled by insulated MOS gate voltages. It is found that the light intensity is a nonlinear quadratic function of the applied gate voltage. The non-linear relationship enables, for example, the mixing of electrical input signals and modulation of the optical output signal, which can not readily be achieved with two terminal Si-LED's, since they exhibit a linear relationship between diode avalanche current and light intensity. Furthermore, the control gate voltages also modulate the emission pattern of the LED array.
Transport Characteristics of a Beta Sheet Breaker Peptide Across Excised Bovine Nasal Mucosa (2006)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the permeation characteristics of the beta sheet breaker peptide AS 602704 (BSB) on excised bovine nasal mucosa using an Ussing chamber model. The influence of various absorption enhancers such as sodium cholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cetrimidum, sodium caprate, Na(2)EDTA, polycarbophil (PCP), the thiomer conjugate polycarbophil-cysteine (PCP-Cys), and poly-l-arginine (poly-l-arg; 100 kDa) was evaluated. Additionally, the influence of temperature and pH on the transport rate as well as the stability of the peptide drug against enzymatic degradation were investigated in vitro. The effective permeability coefficient (P(eff)) of BSB in Krebs-Ringer-buffer (KRB) pH 7.4 was (1.89 +/- 0.44)* 10-5, while in the presence of sodium caprate (0.5%) a P(eff) of (9.58 +/- 1.82)*10-5 was achieved. Rank order of enhancement ratio was sodium caprate > SDS > sodium cholate > Na(2)EDTA > poly-L-arg = PCP-Cys. In case of cetrimidum and PCP even a decrease in the absorption of BSB was determined. Na2EDTA reduced the enzymatic degradation of BSB when exposed to a nasal tissue homogenate by more than the half. An increased lipophilicity of BSB because of a more acidic milieu (pH 5.5) did not lead to an increased transcellular transport. Permeation studies carried out at 4 degrees C compared to 37 degrees C demonstrated a temperature dependent permeation behaviour suggesting an additional active carrier mediated transport. The results obtained within these studies should facilitate the development of a nasal delivery system for AS 602704 for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Effect of fluoride doping on the transition temperature of YBa2Cu3O6.5+δ (1988)

The effect of fluoride doping on the superconducting transition temperature, Tc, of YBa2Cu3O6.5+δ has been investigated. Samples of nominal composition YBa2Cu3FxO6.5+δ−0.5x were synthesized where x was varied by two orders of magnitude from 0.0165 to 1.65. Tc systematically increased with x, reached a maximum of 93.4 K (midpoint) for x=0.066 and then dropped for higher concentrations. The sharpest transition, ΔTc(10–90%)=0.7±0.1 K, coincided with a maximum in Tc. From powder x-ray diffraction measurements, samples with x≤0.066 were found to be single phase perovskite whereas those with x≥0.165 also contained BaF2, CuO, and an unknown phase. Although we find no evidence for the very high Tc’s reported by S. R. Ovshinsky, R. T. Young, D. D. Allred, G. DeMaggio, and G. A. Van der Leeden [Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2579 (1987)], our results do indicate that the effect of fluorine is qualitatively different from that produced by other dopants.
Tendons attached to prostheses by tendon‐bone block fixation: An experimental study in dogs (1994)

To develop a method of tendon attachment to a metallic endoprosthesis, we evaluated fixation strength, clinical function of the tendon, and morphological changes in an experimental model. The canine supraspinatus tendon was removed from the greater tubercle of the humerus and attached to a titanium prosthesis. In 12 animals, the bone block underlying the tendon insertion was preserved and attached in one limb; the soft part of the tendon was attached directly to the prosthesis in the contralateral limb. Fixation strength was evaluated after 16 weeks of in vivo implantation (12 specimens) and compared with the in vitro fixation strength (12 specimens) and with intact normal controls (six specimens from cadavera). Function of the tendon in vivo was evaluated by force-plate analysis (at 3-week intervals). All specimens were evaluated histologically. Sixteen weeks after surgery, the tendon-bone block attachment was significantly stronger (mean, 16%) than the direct tendon attachment and not significantly different from the normal control, and the direct tendon attachment was significantly weaker (mean, 68%) than the normal control. There was significantly more weight-bearing on the limbs with a tendon-bone block attachment than on the limbs with a direct tendon attachment at both 3 and 6 weeks postoperatively. Both front legs showed increased weight-bearing with time, but the differences were not statistically significant. Anchorage by tissue ingrowth to the titanium prosthesis was found consistently--there was bone ingrowth in the tendon-bone block attachments and fibrous tissue ingrowth in the direct tendon attachments. When a bone block was preserved, the strength and stiffness were comparable with those of a normal tendon insertion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Measurement of autoclave thermal profiles during high pressure steam de-waxing of investment shells Part 1 - Vessel profiles (2004)

Investment casting research is being carried out by the University of Birmingham, sponsored by EPSRC and a consortium of industrial companies. The programme is aimed at developing a fundamental understanding of the process, with a view to routinely producing sound, net shape castings. A key stage within the investment process is that involving the removal of wax from the unfired ceramic shell. This important process is carried out within the confines of a sealed pressure vessel, more commonly referred to as a Boilerclave*, with external pressure gauges as the only indication of what is actually happening inside the cavity. To metaphorically 'see' inside the vessel would allow the factors controlling de-wax to be characterised and controlled. This paper contains results obtained at The University of Birmingham using a specially instrumented steam autoclave that allows visual data capture, thermal and steam pressure profiles within the chamber, and thermal instrumentation of waxes and shells to be obtained. Results of thermal and pressure profiles inside the vessel body are presented and implications of these results upon the mechanism of wax removal and the effect upon ceramic shells are discussed.
Coherent-based feature extraction for cloud analysis using satellite imagery data (2005)

Atmospheric products derived from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument are widely accepted as the state-of-the-art by the meteorological community. These products are more useful to the meteorological community than the traditional cloud labeling results. However, these products are not available at regular temporal frequency over one specific region. Algorithms that create MODIS products cannot simply be applied to other satellite data. Thus, an innovative method is needed to estimate MODIS-like products using geostationary satellite imagery, which has a higher temporal frequency. This paper presents a canonical coordinate decomposition (CCD)-based method to estimate MODIS channels using imagery from the geostationary satellite Meteosat 8. The estimated data can subsequently be used to arrive at cloud phase products.
Preparation of Novel Banana-Shaped Triple Helical Liquid Crystals by Metal Coordination (2009)

The synthesis of a series of banana-shaped structures has been carried out, in which the bend unit is formed by a 4,4’-methylenedianiline or 3,3’-methylenedianiline core bearing two symmetric pyridylimine linkages to di- and tri- alkoxyphenylester moieties on the side arms. The molecules, in addition to providing an elongated aromatic central core associated with liquid crystal (LC) molecules, also provide binding sites for metals. The methylenedianiline spacer incorporates phenylene groups that sterically prevent the two binding sites from co-ordinating to a single metal centre and the central methylene unit introduces enhanced flexibility into the ligand backbone. Furthermore, complexes have been formed by the co-ordination between 3, 3’-methylenedianiline containing ligands and Cu (I) ions [Cu2(3a-c)2][PF6]2. Electrospray Mass Spectrometry (ESMS) and Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry (FABMS) showed the formation of dimeric species; [Cu (L)2][PF6]2. Finally,thermal analysis of the ligands (1a-d, 2a-d, 3a-c and 4a-d) andCu complexes [Cu2(3a-c)2][PF6]2 has been carried out in order to investigate the phase properties of these materials. None of the banana-shaped ligands and the metal complexes [Cu2(3a-c)2][PF6]2 showed any mesophases.
A dynamic erasure code for multicasting live data (2009)

Digital fountains, a class of erasure codes, have been used for multicasting stream data and for robust distributed data storage. These methods produce a potentially endless sequence of packets from a fixed (static) message. The dynamic erasure code problem is to extend the digital fountains concept to a message generated simultaneously with the transmission (i.e., live data). Solution of this problem provides a means for robust multicasting or one-way transmission of live data on a computer network. It also gives a method for robust distributed storage of log data, or other serially generated data. A new erasure code is proposed as a solution to the dynamic erasure code problem. It is analytically shown to have a fast decoding algorithm and to be highly bandwidth-efficient.
Simplified Aircraft-Based Paired Approach: Concept Definition and Initial Analysis (2013)

Simplified Aircraft-based Parallel Approach (SAPA) is an advanced concept proposed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to support dependent parallel approach operations to runways with lateral spacing closer than 2500 ft. At the request of the FAA, NASA performed an initial assessment of the potential performance and feasibility of the SAPA concept, including developing and assessing an operational implementation of the concept and conducting a Monte Carlo wake simulation study to examine the longitudinal spacing requirements. The SAPA concept was shown to have significant operational advantages in supporting the pairing of aircraft with dissimilar final approach speeds. The wake simulation study showed that support for dissimilar final approach speeds could be significantly enhanced through the use of a two-phased altitudebased longitudinal positioning requirement, with larger longitudinal positioning allowed for higher altitudes out of ground effect and tighter longitudinal positioning defined for altitudes near and in ground effect. While this assessment is preliminary and there are a number of operational issues still to be examined, it has shown the basic SAPA concept to be technically and operationally feasible.