gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Randomized, controlled trial of clonidine for smoking cessation in a primary care setting (1989)

Clonidine hydrochloride has been reported to reduce tobacco withdrawal symptoms and facilitate smoking cessation. We enrolled 185 subjects, 92 receiving clonidine and 93 receiving placebo, in a randomized, double-blind study of clonidine for smoking cessation in a primary care setting. Clonidine had no demonstrable effect on withdrawal (8 of 11 measures favoring placebo). At 4 weeks, 17 (18%) subjects receiving clonidine had quit compared with 13 (14%) receiving placebo (χ<sup>2</sup>= 0.7; 90% confidence interval of benefit from clonidine, —4% to 13%). At 4 weeks, the mean number of cigarettes smoked was 17.7 for those receiving clonidine and 17.5 for those receiving placebo (<i>t</i>=0.1; 90% confidence interval of benefit from clonidine, —4.1 to 3.7 cigarettes per day). These results provide little support for a beneficial effect of clonidine on tobacco withdrawal symptoms, quitting, or smoking reduction in a primary care setting. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:3011-3013)
Magnetic Properties of Hematite Single Crystals. I. Magnetization Isotherms, Antiferromagnetic Susceptibility, and Weak Ferromagnetism of a Natural Crystal (1959)

Two sets of magnetization isotherms of pure natural hematite single crystals from Elba have been obtained in the temperature range from 488\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K down to liquid helium temperatures. The first set of curves, along a certain direction in the basal plane, support N\'eel's magnetic model of a superposition of a weak ferromagnetism on a normal antiferromagnetism. The second set of curves, along the ternary axis, display very unusual form. The analysis of the isotherms shows that the antiferromagnetic susceptibility-temperature curves, $\ensuremath{\chi}\ensuremath{-}T$, are in good agreement with those obtained by N\'eel and Pauthenet but the weak ferromagnetic properties are apparently contradictory to their interpretations. The spontaneous magnetization-temperature curves, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{0}\ensuremath{-}T$, indicate that there is no isotropic ferromagnetism, and that the weak anisotropic ferromagnetism in the basal plane above transition and along the ternary axis below transition seems to have the same nature and origin. The $\ensuremath{\chi}\ensuremath{-}T$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{0}\ensuremath{-}T$ curves show that the wide transition takes place gradually and continuously. A general magnetic model of canted antiferromagnetism with unequal sublattice moments has been proposed which explains all the experimental data satisfactorily. From the present model Haigh's data of remanent magnetization of hematite powder seems to be explained naturally.
Using the jet stream for sustainable airship and balloon transportation of cargo and hydrogen (2019)

The maritime shipping sector is a major contributor to CO2 emissions and this figure is expected to rise in coming decades. With the intent of reducing emissions from this sector, this research proposes the utilization of the jet stream to transport a combination of cargo and hydrogen, using airships or balloons at altitudes of 10–20 km. The jet streams flow in the mid-latitudes predominantly in a west–east direction, reaching an average wind speed of 165 km/h. Using this combination of high wind speeds and reliable direction, hydrogen-filled airships or balloons could carry hydrogen with a lower fuel requirement and shorter travel time compared to conventional shipping. Jet streams at different altitudes in the atmosphere were used to identify the most appropriate circular routes for global airship travel. Round-the-world trips would take 16 days in the Northern Hemisphere and 14 in the Southern Hemisphere. Hydrogen transport via the jet stream, due to its lower energy consumption and shorter cargo delivery time, access to cities far from the coast, could be a competitive alternative to maritime shipping and liquefied hydrogen tankers in the development of a sustainable future hydrogen economy.
Use of single-mode optical fiber in the stabilization of laser frequency (1989)

A new method of using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer formed by single-mode optical fibers to stabilize the frequency of a helium-neon laser has been studied. Preliminary experimental result of 5000-Hz linewidth within the time scale of 1 s is presented.
정상 임신부에서 임신 중기 양수내 17-OH Progesterone 동태에 관한 연구 (1994)

경희 의료원 산부인과에 산전진단을 받기위해 내원한 임산부를 대상으로 총 135례에 있어 양수천자를 실시하여 얻은 양수를 분석하여 각 주수별 17-hydroxyprogesterone의 농도를 구하였다. 1. 15-23주사이의 농도는 Median이 각각 3.3, 3.2, 2.7, 3.5, 3.0, 2.1, 3.1, 3.0, 2.5 (ng/ml)이었고, 분포영역은 0.9=9.2 ng/ml이었다. 2. 임신주수별 양수내 17-hydroxyprogesterone의 농도의 변동은 없었다. 3. 남아 및 여아에서 성별에 따른 농도의 변동은 없었다. 4. CAH를 산전진단하는데 있어서 HLA 유전자 분석이나 DNA 분석에 비해 양수내 17-hydroxyprogesterone 농도의 측정은 간단하면서 신속한 방법이다. 이상의 결론으로 미루어 보아 산전진단으로서 양수내의 17-hydroxyprogesterone의 농도를 측정하는 것은 필수적이라 하겠다.
Dispersion characteristics of an optical fiber having linear chirp refractive index profile (1999)

We analyze the dispersion characteristics of an optical fiber having linear chirp type refractive index profile. The chirp type profile is general in nature and by controlling the profile parameters, one can obtain a wide range of profiles from simple step index to complex multiple cladded type. The problem is treated as an optimization problem in the profile parameter space. It is shown that a variety of dispersion characteristics can be realized with proper optimization of the profile parameters. Linear finite element method (LFEM) is employed for computing the modal fields and propagation constants. Tolerance analysis of the fiber dispersion characteristics and bending loss calculation are also carried out.
CA‐125 in fine‐needle aspirates of solid tumors: Comparison with cytologic diagnosis and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assay (1996)

One hundred and twenty-two fine needle aspirates (FNA) from female patients were studied to determine whether CA-125 assay contributed to cytologic diagnosis and CEA assay. Cytologic examination was done on Papanicolaou-stained smears and cell blocks, CEA by EIA (Abbott Laboratory, > 5 ng/ml cutoff) and CA-125 by RIA (Abbott Laboratory, North Chicago, IL, > 66 μ/ml cutoff). Final diagnosis were correlated with histologic diagnosis when available, clinical, radiologic studies, and follow-up. Results: 29 benign, 93 malignant. Sensitivities and specificities: cytology, 91%, 100%; CEA: 59%, 86%; CA-125, 50%, 55%. CEA plus cytology sensitivity, 97%. CA-125 content was highest in endometrial/ovarian carcinoma (39,899 μ/ml) and < 5,000 μ/ml in other tumors and benign FNA in contrast to CEA which showed highest levels in carcinomas of colon, pancreas, and lung (> 280 ng/ml). While elevated CEA enhances the sensitivity of cytologic diagnosis of carcinomas of the colon, pancreas, and lung, low CEA and high CA-125 content supports an ovarian/endometrial primary. Diagn Cytopathol 1996;14:121–125. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The performance of the human nose in odour measurement (2001)

Over the last 20 years or so, there has been steadily increasing activity in the area of applied human odour measurement. This has been especially true outside of the United States. Yet, for about 40 years, there has also been decreasing interest and activity, on the part of academic smell researchers, in rigorous quantitative measurement of the functional properties of the human olfactory system. There are some optimistic signs, however, that this situation may be improving. Applied meetings such as this one are reaching out to learn more about basic research in human olfaction and some research groups are venturing out to indoor air quality, environmental health, water quality and other applied areas. In this paper I hope to support and accelerate the increasingly fruitful interactions that are beginning. The paper aims to make four main points. First, some of the most important ways in which the laboratory differs from everyday life will be noted. Keeping these differences in mind lessens the risk that laboratory data will be used uncritically to make predictions of real-world responses to chemical stimuli. Next, the specific benefits that would accrue from more fruitful interactions between basic and applied researchers will be highlighted; this is perhaps best seen by noting problem areas resulting from too little cross-fertilisation. Third, the CEN standard for the measurement of odour thresholds will be discussed in light of what is known concerning both the functional aspects of the human olfactory system and the current state of knowledge concerning best methods for investigating this system. Finally, some recent work we have done that was designed to help characterise human odour responses and demonstrate improved methodology, will be briefly mentioned. The paper concludes with suggestions as to how the scientific basis of applied odour measurement may best be enhanced.
An Improved Genetic Algorithm for Dual-Resource Constrained Flexible Job Shop Scheduling (2011)

In this paper, a dual-resource constrained job shop scheduling problem was studied. According to the information processing mechanism of an immune system in biotic science, a new immune Genetic Algorithm for flexible job shop scheduling through combining immune algorithm with genetic algorithm was proposed. The algorithm can effectively avoid the premature convergence problem caused by the high selective pressure. Moreover, it improves the ability of searching an optimum solution and increases the convergent speed. The operation-based encoding and an active schedule decoding method were employed, and several kinds of crossover operations were adopted in order to keep individual diversity and to improve the level of adaptability of the individual diversity in the population. This new algorithm reasonably assigns the resources of machines and workers to jobs and achieves optimum on some performance. Compared with the solutions suggested by other researchers, the simulations show that the developed algorithm can search for better solution on make-span and that it is available and efficient.
Midostaurin approved for FLT3-mutated AML (2017)

Midostaurin was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of <i>FLT3</i>-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This is the first drug to receive regulatory approval for AML in the United States since the year 2000. Midostaurin is a small-molecule kinase inhibitor with activity against the receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3, and its approval will hopefully mark the beginning of an era of targeted agents for the treatment of molecularly defined subtypes of AML.
Principles of Continuous Gauge Control in Sheet and Strip Rolling (1952)

The problem of longitudinal gauge variations in hot- and cold-rolled sheet and strip metal is considered. It is suggested that they are caused mainly by elastic distortions of the mill in response to variations in the separating force between the rolls. A unique relation is shown to exist between the roll force and the thickness of the strip leaving the rolls, and this forms the basis of two new methods of continuous automatic control of gauge. These methods are independent of direct measurement of the thickness of the sheet or strip during rolling. They employ an electrical roll-force measuring element the output of which, after suitable modification, continuously adjusts either the position of the rolls or the tension applied to the strip, so that a substantially constant thickness is maintained in the rolled material. Some preliminary experiments on a 10 inches by 10 inches two-high mill have demonstrated that these methods of control are correct in principle.
The properties of 4′-N,N-dimethylaminoflavonol in the ground and excited states (2008)

The mechanism of protonation of 4-N,N-dimethylaminoflavonol and the structure of its protolytic forms in the ground and excited states were studied by electron absorption and fluorescence (steady-state and time-resolved) spectroscopy and with the use of the RM1 quantum-chemical method. A comparison of equilibrium constants and the theoretical enthalpies of formation showed that excitation should be accompanied by the inversion of the basicity of the electron acceptor groups of this compound and, as a consequence, changes in the structure of its monocationic form. An analysis of the spectral parameters of the protolytic 4-N,N-dimethylaminoflavonol forms, however, showed that their structure and the sequence of protonation in the excited state were the same as in the ground state. Changes in the structure of the monocation in the excited state were not observed because of the fast radiationless deactivation of this form and the occurrence of excited state intramolecular proton transfer in aprotic solvents.
On anharmonicity in cadmium (1982)

Recent X-ray diffraction data on cadmium [Rossmanith (1978). Acta Cryst. A34, 497-500] have been reanalysed using a temperature factor based on an anharmonic one-particle potential to fourth order for the atoms, and values for the anharmonic parameters have been obtained. The fourth-order parameters α40 and β20 are found not to be significantly different from zero, while the other fourth-order parameter γ00 is found to be strongly correlated to the extinction correction and harmonic parameters. The third-order antisymmetric parameter is found to have a value of 57 ± 16 eV nm-3, which is in reasonable agreement with a recent measurement. The application of the extinction correction is shown to affect substantially the values for the potential parameters.
Flaxseed influences urinary lignan excretion in a dose-dependent manner in postmenopausal women. (2000)

Dietary estrogens, such as lignans, are similar in structure to endogenous sex steroid hormones and may act in vivo to alter hormone metabolism and subsequent cancer risk. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of dietary intake of a lignan-rich plant food (flaxseed) on urinary lignan excretion in postmenopausal women. This randomized, cross-over trial consisted of three 7-week feeding periods during which 31 healthy postmenopausal women, ages 52-82 years, consumed their habitual diets plus 0, 5, or 10 grams of ground flaxseed per day. Urine samples collected for 2 consecutive days during the last week of each feeding period were analyzed for lignan content (enterodiol, enterolactone, and matairesinol) by isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Compared with the 0-gram flaxseed diet, consumption of 5 or 10 grams of flaxseed significantly increased excretion of enterodiol by 1,009 and 2,867 nmol/day, respectively; significantly increased excretion of enterolactone by 21,242 and 52,826 nmol/day, respectively; and significantly increased excretion of total lignans (enterodiol + enterolactone + matairesinol) by 24,333 and 60,640 nmol/day, respectively. Excretion of matairesinol was not significantly altered by flaxseed consumption. Consumption of flax, a significant source of dietary estrogens, in addition to their habitual diets increased excretion of enterodiol and enterolactone, but not matairesinol, in a dose-dependent manner in this group of postmenopausal women. Urinary excretion of lignan metabolites is a dose-dependent biomarker of flaxseed intake within the context of a habitual diet.
Antimicrobial activity of various immunomodulators: independence from normal levels of circulating monocytes and natural killer cells (1986)

The effects of 89Sr treatment on the natural host resistance of CD-1 mice and the enhancement of resistance by immunomodulators to infection with Listeria monocytogenes or herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) were determined. In the CD-1 mouse, single-dose treatment with 89Sr caused a profound decrease in the number of circulating monocytes (Mo), lymphocytes, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) within 1 week. There was also marked functional impairment of the Mo inflammatory response, as well as markedly decreased spontaneous and activatable cytotoxicity by splenic natural killer (NK) cells. Despite this profound cellular suppression, there was no significant change in natural resistance of CD-1 mice to L. monocytogenes or HSV-2 infection. Furthermore, prophylactic treatment of mice with the biologic immunomodulator Corynebacterium parvum or the synthetic immunomodulators maleic anhydride-divinyl ether or avridine in liposomes resulted in comparable enhancement of resistance in 89Sr-treated and normal mice. These data indicate that natural and immunomodulator-enhanced resistance of CD-1 mice to microbial infections do not depend on normal levels of Mo, PMN, or NK cells. The resistance enhancement may rely on activated tissue macrophages (M phi). In contrast to the early changes in circulating leukocytes, the resident peritoneal cell populations were not markedly altered until after day 30. There then was a distinct decline in lymphocytes and a gradual decline in M phi; the change in M phi was apparently due to the lack of an age-related increase in the peritoneal M phi population in 89Sr-treated mice in comparison with a slight increase in resident M phi in normal mice. After CD-1 mice were treated with 89Sr, the number of PMN and the function of NK cells generally recovered by about day 50 and was followed by partial recovery of circulating Mo, unless a second dose of 89Sr was administered.
Rewriting the story (2009)

Abstract This chapter calls for change and to pay attention to the damage caused by inequality of ageing. As has been graphically demonstrated, the evidence clearly points to the destructive effect on communities and societies of widely different outcomes and situations. The author provides a coherent strategy for the future from cash, through rights and options, better use of technology, earlier preventive work, a clearer focus on tackling isolation and improving well-being, along with the expansion of the LinkAge Plus pilots — which demonstrated how services can be integrated — into a nationwide programme. The chapter ends with a call to leadership to unite the people behind a mission to end the inequality of ageing.
Effective underexposed video enhancement via optimal fusion (2016)

Underexposed video enhancement aims at revealing hidden details that can be barely noticed in videos which are captured in low-light-level photographic environment. State-of-the-art underexposed video enhancement methods such as [Zhang et al. 2015] can preserve temporal consistency and avoid visual artifacts. However, these algorithms are time-consuming in keeping temporal consistency because they are based on patch searching to find the correspondence among frames. Therefore, the computational complexity will inevitably increase with the rise of the number of frames, which greatly hinders the efficiency of video enhancement.
Dual scanning tunneling microscope mode of the surface diffusion metal ion source: Li transfer and scanning (1997)

Application of the new solid-state lithium surface diffusion metal ion source in the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) mode under ultrahigh vacuum conditions is reported. By applying positive voltage pulses to a Li-covered tungsten STM tip placed within tunneling range, single nanosized Li hillocks and stripe-shaped Li formations are created on the Pt(110) surface in a well-reproducible way. The transfer of Li to the sample surface occurs in a noncontact way via chemically assisted field desorption of Li from the apex of the tip. The supply of Li to the apex surface sites is provided by surface diffusion from a Li monolayer deposit on the shank of the tip. The topography and evolution of the fabricated Li nanoformations are probed in situ using the same tip in the conventional STM imaging mode.
Design, synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity studies of novel pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine (PBD)--polymade conjugates and 2,2'-PBD dimers. (2000)

A series of novel pyrrolo[2,1-c][l,4]benzodiazepine (PBD)-polyamide conjugates (1 and 2) and 2,2'-PBD dimers (3, 4 and 5) were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxicity in >60 human tumor cell lines. In general PBD-polyamide conjugates (1 and 2) exhibit higher cytotoxic potency compared with 2,2'-PBD dimers (3, 4 and 5). Compound 2 exhibits a wide spectrum of anticancer activities against 17 cell lines in six cancer panels with LC50 values of <9 microM, and is especially effective against colon cancer, melanoma, renal cancer and breast cancer. Compound 1 selectively affects cell growth against renal cancer A 498 cell line and compound 4 affects cell growth against breast cancer MDA-MB-231/ATCC cell line with an LC50 value 0.06 microM. Increases in the chain length of the linker in 2,2'-PBD dimers significantly increase the cytotoxic potency and increases in the number of pyrrole groups in the PBD-polyamide conjugates similarly increase the cytotoxic potency.
Tracer diffusion of oxygen in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">YBa</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1989)

The tracer diffusion of $^{18}\mathrm{O}$ in ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ has been measured at temperatures from 300 to 850 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C at an oxygen partial pressure of 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{5}$ Pa, and as a function of oxygen partial pressure at 600 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The diffusion of oxygen is strongly anisotropic. The faster component, associated with diffusion in the ab plane, has an activation energy of 0.97\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03 eV. There is no break in the Arrhenius plot at the orthorhombic-tetragonal transformation temperature. The diffusion coefficient is not a strong function of oxygen partial pressure from 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{3}$ to 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{5}$ Pa at 600\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The results are compared to the predictions of the various theories of diffusion in ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$.