gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An ARQ Scheme with Memory and Soft Error Detectors (1985)

This paper describes a technique for increasing the efficiency of an ARQ communication system utilizing error detection codes. In this technique the blocks containing errors are not discarded at the receiver, as in the conventional ARQ systems. Such blocks are retained in order to make use of the information contained in them. A reliability value is associated to each demodulated symbol; this reliability value is updated every time a new retransmission is made, even if the vector received is in error. The process of updating the symbols often eliminates automatically the errors introduced by the channel. The results obtained by means of a simulation show that this method offers a considerable reduction in the average number of retransmissions, in comparison with conventional ARQ systems.
Serological reactivity and viral genotypes in hepatitis C virus infection (1995)

Patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) were examined with four commercial HCV immunoblotting assays and for anti-GOR antibody to ascertain whether serological findings varied with the genotype of the infecting virus. The results indicate that patients infected with different HCV genotypes tend to show different immunoblotting profiles, mainly due to a low prevalence of antibodies to the viral region NS4 in patients infected with genotypes III and IV. Differences were more evident with second- than with third-generation assays. Patients infected with genotype IV exhibited a lower prevalence of anti-GOR antibody than patients infected with other genotypes.
Additional advances in fuzzy logic temperature control (2002)

As rubber and plastics compounds have evolved into very complex formulas and their uses have expanded, the need for more precise temperature control has become necessary. In today's world of rubber and plastics products, temperature and process control is very critical to the quality, appearance, and consumer acceptance of a manufacturer's products. This is one of many reasons why the temperature controls or the process controls have advanced from simple ON/OFF controllers to the more advanced microprocessor based controls and why the control algorithm has also changed. The algorithms have gone from just providing proportional control to what is called fuzzy logic control. At this point in control technology, these control algorithms have advanced to the state where these mathematical functions are now able to closely approximate human reasoning. The authors review where fuzzy logic started and then examine where fuzzy logic is today.
The Anti-Apoptotic Activity of Albumin for Endothelium Is Mediated by a Partially Cryptic Protein Domain and Reduced by Inhibitors of G-Coupled Protein and PI-3 Kinase, but Is Independent of Radical Scavenging or Bound Lipid (2007)

Increased vascular disease occurs with low albumin (human serum albumin, HSA), possibly reflecting specific inhibition of endothelial apoptosis reported for tissue culture. Despite the reported specificity for endothelial protection by HSA, the high but physiological concentrations needed appear more consistent with non-specific low-affinity interactions. We reconcile this contradiction by demonstrating protection is mediated by a partially cryptic HSA protein domain, which becomes more exposed and active following cyanogen bromide fragmentation (p < 0.001). Also, although others reported HSA radical scavenging and bound lipids as important for inhibiting apoptosis in non-endothelial cell types, we demonstrate the protective effect for endothelium is unaffected when HSA radical scavenging is blocked by alkylation, or following delipidation. Further probing the mechanism responsible, we found that the G-coupled protein inhibitors pertussis toxin and suramin reduced protection of endothelium by HSA (p < 0.005), while the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein had no effect. Consistent with a role for phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) was inhibition by both wortmannin and LY294002 (p < 0.05), as well as phosphorylation of Akt, while MAP kinase inhibitors had no effect. We conclude the active site in HSA inhibiting endothelial apoptosis is partially cryptic, and acts via a G-coupled protein PI3K-dependent mechanism.
Greek Plant Extracts Exhibit Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)-like Properties (2004)

To prevent bone loss that occurs with increasing age, nutritional and pharmacological factors are needed. Traditional therapeutic agents (selective estrogen receptor modulators or SERMs, biphosphonates, calcitonin) may have serious side effects or contraindications. In an attempt to find food components potentially acting as SERMs, we submitted four plant aqueous extracts derived from Greek flora (Sideritis euboea, Sideritis clandestina, Marticaria chamomilla, and Pimpinella anisum) in a series of in vitro biological assays reflective of SERM profile. We examined their ability (a) to stimulate the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblastic cell culture by histochemical staining for alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red-S staining, (b) to induce, like antiestrogens, the insulin growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and (c) to proliferate cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells by use of MTT assay. Our data reveal that all the plant extracts studied at a concentration range 10−100 μg/mL stimulate osteoblastic cell differentiation and exhibit antiestrogenic effect on breast cancer cells without proliferative effects on cervical adenocarcinoma cells. The presence of estradiol inhibited the antiestrogenic effect induced by the extracts on MCF-7 cells, suggesting an estrogen receptor-related mechanism. In conclusion, the aqueous extracts derived from Sideritis euboea, Sideritis clandestina, Marticaria chamomilla, and Pimpinella anisum may form the basis to design “functional foods” for the prevention of osteoporosis. Keywords: Sideritis; Anisum; Chamomilla; selective estrogen receptor modulators; plant extracts
New N-bridgehead heterocyclic compounds. I. Carbamoyl-substituted indolizines and benzoindolizines (2001)

Quaternary salts obtained by the reaction of several pyridines and benzopyridines with chloro-or bromoacetanilides were reacted with corresponding activated alkynes in the presence of an oxirane, yielding new carbamoyl-substituted indolizines and benzoindolizines derivatives. Other new 3-carbamoyl substituted indolizine and pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives were obtained by heating the intermediate N-metylcarbamoyl quaternary salts, in the presence of an acid acceptor, with alkenes and tetrapyridinecobalt(II)dichromate as a reaction promoter and dehydrogenating catalyst. The new compounds are fully characterised by elemental microanalysis and IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra.
Drag Reduction of Straight and Branched Chain Aluminum Disoaps (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDrag Reduction of Straight and Branched Chain Aluminum DisoapsHarry C. Hershey, Jeffrey T. Kuo, and Michael L. McMillanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1975, 14, 3, 192–199Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/i360055a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (869 KB) Get e-Alerts
Structure of the herpes simplex virus capsid: effects of extraction with guanidine hydrochloride and partial reconstitution of extracted capsids (1991)

Viral B capsids were purified from cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 and extracted in vitro with 2.0 M guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel analyses demonstrated that extraction resulted in the removal of greater than 95% of capsid proteins VP22a and VP26 while there was only minimal (less than 10%) loss of VP5 (the major capsid protein), VP19, and VP23. Electron microscopic analysis of extracted capsids revealed that the pentons and the material found inside the cavity of B capsids (primarily VP22a) were removed nearly quantitatively, but extracted capsids remained otherwise structurally intact. Few, if any, hexons were lost; the capsid diameter was not greatly affected; and its icosahedral symmetry was still clearly evident. The results demonstrate that neither VP19 nor VP23 could constitute the capsid pentons. Like the hexons, the pentons are most likely composed of VP5. When B capsids were treated with 2.0 M GuHCl and then dialyzed to remove GuHCl, two bands of viral material were separated by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. The more rapidly migrating of the two consisted of capsids which lacked pentons and VP22a but had a full complement of VP26. Thus, VP26 must have reassociated with extracted capsids during dialysis. The more slowly migrating band consisted of torus-shaped structures approximately 60 nm in diameter which were composed entirely of VP22a. These latter structures closely resembled torus-shaped condensates often seen in the cavity of native B capsids. The results suggest a similarity between herpes simplex virus type 1 B capsids and procapsids of Salmonella bacteriophage P22. Both contain an internal protein (VP22a in the case of HSV-1 B capsids and gp8 or "scaffolding" protein in phage P22) that can be extracted in vitro with GuHCl and that is absent from mature virions.
Inhibition of carotenogenesis in cell-free systems of Aphanocapsa and Phycomyces (1985)

A number of herbicides have been identified as inhibitors of carotene biosynthesis. Because of the multiple effects associated with inhibition of carotenogenesis in vivo. it was considered opportune to investigate the effects of such compounds on carotene biosynthesis in cell free systems. The carotenogenic cell free system from Phycomyces blakesleeanus was optimized with respect to concentrations of NAD+, NADP , ATP, Mg2+ and Mn2+ . A new photosynthetically active, carotenogenic cell extract from Aphanocapsa that incorporates radioactivity from [2-14C] GGPP], was discovered and the cofactor requirements elucidated. The preparation from Aphanocapsa was used to investigate the structure-bleaching activity relationship of (i) a series of norflurazon and difunone derivatives with respect to phenyl ring substitution; (ii) a series of alkyl phenoxy-benzamides with respect to alkyl chain and phenoxy ring substitution. Selected alkyl phenoxy benzamides were also tested with the Phycomyces system. The Phycomyces extract was used to investigate the effects of a number of diphenyl compounds, e.g. diphenylamine, on in vivo carotenogenesis. Selected diphenyl compounds were tested against the Aphanocapsa system. A hypothetical mechanism for the inhibitory action of alkyl phenoxybenzamides and diphenyl compounds is discussed and a hypothesis forwarded to explain the super accumulation of radioactivity into phytoene under certain circumstances.<p>
Optimization by simulated evolution with applications to standard cell placement (1990)

This paper presents a mathematical formulation of the Simulated Evolution algorithm, a novel optimization technique, followed by a thorough analysis of the associated Markovchain model. We show that the algorithm will reach a global minimum with probability one, and also introduce a novel hierarchical placement technique. Finally, we describe a Standard Cell placement program based on the new approach whose preliminary results are comparable to the best Simulated Annealing algorithms.
Improvements to seam carving:a content aware image resizing technique (2008)

The recent developments in the field of display technologies have seen great diversity in display sizes. Same content is required to be displayed in different dimensions and aspect ratios for different devices. Standard scaling of an image to match the display size is not proving to be sufficient as it does not consider the image contents. Seam Carving is a content aware image resizing technique proposed by Ariel Shamir and Shai Avidan. It retargets images to a new size by gracefully carving out or inserting pixels in different parts of the image based on importance of pixels. In this thesis, the seam carving algorithm is analyzed for a variety of content, attention is then drawn to some of the image categories where it gives unacceptable results. A set of improvements by enhancing the so-called energy model which drives the seam carving algorithm are proposed. The new energy model reflects the visual saliency of image parts better than the original energy model. The improvements are evaluated in a subjective analysis. Also considering the popularity of wide screen displays, a retargeting algorithm for aspect ratio conversion using seam carving is proposed. Further on an evaluation of the performance of the proposed algorithm for aspect ratio change compared to currently known method of panoramic stretch is carried out. c © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2008 iii TN-1 Philips Restricted Conclusions: Analysis of Seam carving, the proposed improvements to it and results of subjective evaluation leads to the following conclusions • Seam carving in general works best for images with multiple subjects separated by an uninteresting background. • The results of seam carving can be significantly improved by better modeling of visual saliency in the energy function. • Higher level cues like face detection greatly improves the results of retargeting. • Taking into account, the history of previously removed seams, continuous carving from the same region of image can be prevented leading to reduced artifacts. • Seam carving is a good candidate for retargeting for aspect ratio conversion as it considers the content while achieving target aspect ratio. iv c © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2008 Philips Restricted TN-1
Stroke rehabilitation: maintenance of achieved gains. (1977)

Gains made during rehabilitation following stroke were maintained or improved by the majority of rehabilitants when assessed 2 to 12 years later. Five measures of rehabilitative activity studied were self care, mobility, amount of time spent at the rehabilitant's major daily activity, vocational status, and over-all rehabilitative status. Independent variables that correlated positively with these rehabilitative functions were living at home, rather than in a nursing home, and the rehabilitant's having an accepting, rather than non-accepting, attitude about his present status. The functional levels of rehabilitation are maintained as well through education of the rehabilitant and his family as through the use of public health nursing and community resources. The interviewed rehabilitants in this study maintained the gains in function achieved during stroke rehabilitation throughout the long survival time, averaging seven to eight years; and functional loss, when it did occur, was usually secondary to a superimposed health problem. This study shows that the gains in the level of functioning achieved during stroke rehabilitation presist in long-surviving stroke patients and that the quality of life is enhanced from the perspectives of the patient and his family.
A Single-Stage Three-Phase Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System With Modified MPPT Method and Reactive Power Compensation (2007)

Single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems have advantages such as simple topology, high efficiency, etc. However, since all the control objectives such as the maximum power point tracking (MPPT), synchronization with the utility voltage, and harmonics reduction for output current need to be considered simultaneously, the complexity of the control scheme is much increased. This paper presents the implementation of a single-stage three-phase grid-connected PV system. In addition to realize the aforementioned control objectives, the proposed control can also remarkably improve the stability of the MPPT method with a modified incremental conductance MPPT method. The reactive power compensation for local load is also realized, so as to alleviate grid burden. A DSP is employed to implement the proposed MPPT controller and reactive power compensation unit. Simulation and experimental results show the high stability and high efficiency of this single-stage three-phase grid-connected PV system.
Torsion effects on fractured fiber ends (1979)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. J. Saunders, "Torsion effects on fractured fiber ends," Appl. Opt. 18, 1480-1481 (1979) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
The Transnational Investigation of Organised Modern Slavery: A Critical Review of the use of Joint Investigation Teams to Investigate and Disrupt Transnational Modern Slavery in the United Kingdom (2020)

In 2015 the United Kingdom (UK) introduced the Modern Slavery Act to help improve the response to the threat posed by the trafficking of human beings both within the UK and across its borders. Herewith, this paper presents a rapid evidence assessment of the development of joint investigation teams and their role in human trafficking investigations from a UK perspective. There is little publicly available information about the role of joint investigation teams and this paper addresses that knowledge gap by analysing existing policy-oriented data and situating the findings within the context of other international responses to human trafficking.
푸로작 캅셀 ( 플루옥세틴 20 mg ) 에 대한 루세틴 캅셀의 생물학적 동등성 (1999)

Bioequivalence of two fluoxetine capsules, the Prozac^ⓡ (Daewoong Lilly Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and the Lucetin^ⓡ (Kyungdong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), was evaluated according to the guideline of KFDA. Twenty normal male volunteers (21∼30 years old) were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After three capsules containing 20㎎ of fluoxetine per capsule were orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals, and the concentrations of fluoxetine in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC_t, C_(max) and T_(max)) were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of parameters. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t, C_(max) and T_(max) between two capsules based on Lucetin^ⓡ capsules were -8.01%, -7.02% and 1.49%, respectively. The powers (1-β) for AUC_t, C_(max) and T_(max) were 84.72%, 96.68% and 83.06%, respectively. Detectable differences (Δ) and confidence intervals were all less than ±20%. All the parameters above met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Lucetin^ⓡ capsule is bioequivalent to Prozac^ⓡ capsule.
The Short Guide to Social Work, by Adams, R. Journeying Together: Growing Youth Work and Youth Workers in Local Communities, by Rogers, A., & Smith, M. (Eds.) (2011)

(2011). The Short Guide to Social Work, by Adams, R. Journeying Together: Growing Youth Work and Youth Workers in Local Communities, by Rogers, A., & Smith, M. (Eds.) Journal of Community Practice: Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 338-340.
Statistical Significance Standards for Basic Adverse Impact Analysis (2010)

This paper reviews basic statistical significance tests for adverse impact (AI) analyses of 2x2 tables. In this context, analysts are interested in whether employment decision (e.g., hiring, promotion, termination, etc.) rates between two groups are meaningfully different. For the purposes of this paper, meaningfully different refers to the confidence an analyst has that results are not due to chance, luck, or any other random factor. In other words, if a difference in rates exists, how likely is it due to chance? The less likely a disparity is due to chance, the more confident the analyst is that a difference in selection rates is real.
4-Hydroxy-2-butenolide. A versatile reagent for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT4-Hydroxy-2-butenolide. A versatile reagent for the synthesis of heterocyclic compoundsFrancisco Yuste and Ruben Sanchez-ObregonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 19, 3665–3668Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00140a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00140a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views416Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Edge adaptive image smoothing (2002)

A new edge-adaptive low-pass filter is proposed. This allows substantial removal of noise while maintaining clarity of edges and areas of high detail. Some results are presented and compared with those obtained by a standard low-pass filter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gamma interferon induces detectable serological and functional expression of DR and DP but not DQ antigens on cultured amniotic fluid cells (1988)

Cultured amniotic fluid cells, which are used for HLA typing studies for the prenatal diagnosis of HLA linked diseases and for prenatal determination of paternity, usually contain mixtures of fibroblastic and epithelioid cells. Cells of both types lack constitutive expression of HLA class II antigens, but these can be induced by pretreatment with gamma interferon. Both serological and functional studies indicate that detectable levels of DR and DP but not DQ antigens can be thereby induced. DR and DP cannot, however, be induced on chorionic villus cells.