gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zur Darstellung von Aldehyden aus Thiolestern mit Raney‐Nickel (1959)

Abstract Die Behandlung von Thiocarbonsäure‐ S ‐äthylestern (Thiolestern) mit Raney‐Nickel bei 0–5° in Aceton oder Tetrahydrofuran in Gegenwart von 1.2‐Dianilino‐äthan führt zu den durch Mineralsäuren leicht zerlegbaren 1.3‐Diphenyltetrahydroimidazolderivaten der entsprechenden Aldehyde. Thiolester lassen sich sehr glatt aus Säurechloriden und Natriummercaptid in absol. Äther darstellen. Sie können mit Brom titriert werden.
Different N-terminal forms of α2-plasmin inhibitor in human plasma (1993)

Mature alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor in human plasma has 12 more N-terminal residues than hitherto anticipated. The first residue is the methionine at position 28, downstream from the N-terminus of the pre-protein. The cDNA sequence predicts that the site cleaved upon formation of the mature inhibitor is a typical signal-peptidase recognition site. The mature inhibitor (464 residues) and the previously reported, and presumably degraded, form with N-terminal asparagine (452 residues), are present in plasma in about equal amounts. They both form a stable complex with plasmin. Recent studies on a recombinant alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor suggest that the 12 additional residues have functional implications [Sumi, Ichikawa, Nakamura, Miura and Aoki (1989) J. Biochem. 106, 703-707].
An algal solution to large scale wastewater amelioration (1995)

Wastewater nutrients can be lowered to oligotrophic levels through uptake by algal biomass, while photosynthetic oxygen removes bacterial BOD, and oxygen-based ions, with UV application, can break down xenobiotic organic compounds. Algae also uptake heavy metals in cell walls, and the high pH from CO{sub 25} removal precipitates metals, earth metals and phosphorus. Algal biomass produced from many wastewaters has valuable commercial applications. Algal Turf Scrubbing (ATS) was developed as a tool to control water quality in ecosystem models, often at oligotrophic levels. ATS has routinely achieved biomass production (and water amelioration capability) of over 50 g (dry mass) m{sup -2} day{sup -1} in secondary sewage. Engineering innovations, with mechanized harvest, have brought ATS to large scale with a pilot sewage plant in central California. This is a low cost, modular unit, at 1000 cubic meters per day, and plans are underway to expand to city capacity for Tertiary-Quinary water recovery. A wide variety of wastewater applications, from agricultural, to aquacultural to industrial will be discussed.
AN AMPLITUDE-FREQUENCY DESCRIPTION OF ROAD ROUGHNESS (1971)

THIS PAPER DEALS WITH A METHOD FOR REDUCING ROUGHNESS OBTAINED FROM A CONTINUOUS-OUTPUT ROAD PROFILOMETER TO A COMPACT AND USEFUL FORM FOR HIGHWAY ENGINEERS. IT IS ASSUMED THAT A VOLTAGE SIGNAL REPRESENTING VERTICAL IRREGULARITIES IN THE ROAD SURFACE AS A FUNCTION OF DISTANCE HAS BEEN RECORDED ON MAGNETIC TAPE. AN ANALOG METHOD IS DESCRIBED FOR PROCESSING THIS SIGNAL AND REDUCING THE ROUGHNESS DESCRIPTION OF THE ROAD TO A SIMPLE TABLE RELATING ROUGHNESS HEIGHTS AND WAVELENGTHS. ANALOG COMPUTER REQUIREMENTS ARE STATED FOR THE PROPOSED SIGNAL-PROCESSING METHOD. RESULTS OBTAINED BY THIS METHOD ARE PRESENTED FOR BOTH IDEAL AND ACTUAL ROAD PROFILE EXAMPLES. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SURFACE DYNAMIC PROFILOMETER (SDP) HAS MADE IT POSSIBLE TO OBTAIN A MAGNETICALLY TAPED RECORD OF ANY ROAD SURFACE PROFILE IN THE DIRECTION OF VEHICLE TRAVEL. FOR A GIVEN SECTION OF ROAD, THIS RECORD IS A RANDOMLY VARYING ANALOG VOLTAGE THAT REPRESENTS TRUE ROAD ROUGHNESS WITHIN THE ACCURACY LIMITATIONS OF THE SDP SYSTEM. HAVING OBTAINED A PROFILE RECORD, THE HIGHWAY ENGINEER IS FACED WITH THE PROBLEM OF TRANSFORMING THIS RANDOM SIGNAL INTO AN INDEX, GRAPH, OR SET OF NUMBERS HE CAN USE TO SPECIFY QUANTITATIVELY THE ROUGHNESS OF THE ROAD. THIS REPORT DESCRIBES A PRACTICAL METHOD FOR ANALYZING SDP RECORDS AND FOR REDUCING EACH OF THESE RECORDS TO A SIMPLE FORM USABLE IN HIGHWAY OPERATIONS. /AUTHOR/
Movement and transmission of banana bunchy top virus DNA component one in bananas (1995)

The systemic movement and replication of banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) DNA component one were investigated. Strand-specific RNA probes and PCR were used to indicate the presence of the virus in various parts of infected banana plants during infection on the basis of dsDNA replicative intermediates of BBTV. The strand-specific probes were not only able to detect the presence of the virus but also gave an indication of where the virus replicated. The results using both the virion sense and complementary to virion sense specific probes were essentially the same indicating that BBTV initially replicated for a short period at the site of inoculation, and subsequently moved down the pseudostem to the basal meristematic region and ultimately into the roots and newly formed leaves. The virus was detected in the leaves formed prior to inoculation after 21 days using PCR but was not detected by the RNA probes. This indicated that the virus had the ability to move into these leaves but may not have replicated or accumulated to significant levels. The appearance of multimeric forms of BBTV suggested that the virus may have replicated via a rolling circle mechanism. Additionally, BBTV DNA component one did not appear to replicate in its aphid vector, Pentalonia nigronervosa.
Validation of Consensus Panel Diagnosis in Dementia (2010)

Using a modified Delphi protocol to arrive at a consensus diagnosis is a reasonable substitute for pathologic information. This protocol improves diagnostic accuracy and certainty when panelist judgments differ and is easily adapted to other research and clinical settings while avoiding the potential pitfalls of group decision making.
ChemInform Abstract: A ONE‐POT CONVERSION OF OLEFINS TO α,β‐UNSATURATED CARBONYL COMPOUNDS. AN EASY SYNTHESIS OF 2‐CYCLOPENTENONE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS (1984)

Abstract Aus Olefinen wie (I), (III) bzw. (V) oder Enolethern wie (VII) erhält man mit Singulett‐Sauerstoff in Gegenwart von Acetanhydrid und Pyridin α,β‐ungesättigte Carbonylverbindungen.
Distearoyl phosphatidylglycerol liposomes improve surface and transport properties of CF mucus (1993)

We have previously shown that a decreased level of phosphatidylglycerol in cystic fibrosis (CF) respiratory mucus is partly responsible for its marked adhesiveness and stickiness, which impair mucus transport, and that distearoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DSPG) was the most efficient form of phosphatidylglycerol in the enhancement of respiratory mucus clearance. The aim of our study was to analyse the effect of distearoyl phosphatidylglycerol liposomes on the transport by cough and cilia of cystic fibrosis respiratory mucus. The surface and transport properties of mucus were measured: 1) on native cystic fibrosis mucus; 2) on cystic fibrosis mucus complemented with DSPG liposomes at a non-cytotoxic concentration; and 3) on cystic fibrosis mucus complemented with water. The work of adhesion of cystic fibrosis mucus was significantly decreased by DSPG liposomes, but not by water. For mucociliary transport, the cystic fibrosis mucus was transported at a higher rate with DSPG liposomes and water compared to native cystic fibrosis mucus. The cough clearance of cystic fibrosis respiratory mucus was significantly improved in the presence of DSPG and water, but the effect was more pronounced with DSPG liposomes than with water. We conclude that the use of DSPG liposomes as a lubricating agent proves to be an interesting therapeutic approach for improving the cough and mucociliary transport in cystic fibrosis patients.
Botulinum toxin‐induced ADP‐ribosylation and inhibition of exocytosis are unrelated events (1988)

The hypothesis that inhibition of secretion by botulinum neurotoxin type D occurs by an intracellular process involving ADP-ribosylation has been directly tested by measuring both the extent of inhibition of secretion and of ADP-ribosylation in the same cells. Although the inhibitory effect of unpurified toxin closely parallels intracellular ribosylation, the two events are clearly unrelated, as using purified D and C3 toxins together with their antibodies, each of these events can be either stimulated or inhibited independently of each other.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND X‐RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A (C2)‐DIOXATRISECODODECAHEDRANE (1981)

Abstract Das polycyclische Diol (Ia) wird über das Ditosylat (Ib) in das Dibromderivat (II) übergeführt, das entweder über die Methylenverbindung (III) oder in etwas schlechterer Ausbeute direkt zum Methylderivat (IV) reduziert wird.
Hydrocarbon production in the Cerro Prieto Geothermal Field (1982)

Hydrocarbon abundance and stable carbon isotopic compositions were measured in wells M-5, M-26, M-35 and M-102, which represent a range of depths (1270 to 2000m) and temperatures (275 to 330/sup 0/C) in the field. Parallel measurements were made on gases from the laboratory pyrolysis of coal (Prian 1 well depth = 1860m), in an attempt to simulate the production of the geothermal hydrocarbons. In both the well and laboratory observations, high temperature environments favored higher relative concentrations of methane, ethane and benzene and generally higher /sup 13/C//sup 12//C values in the individual hydrocarbons. The best correlation between the laboratory and well data is obtained when laboratory-produced gases from experiments conducted at lower (400/sup 0/C) and higher (600/sup 0/C) temperatures are mixed. This improved correlation suggests that the wells are sampling hydrocarbons produced from a spectrum of depths and temperatures in the sediments.
Development and Validation of a Fast and Homogeneous Cell-Based Fluorescence Screening Assay for Divalent Metal Transporter 1 (DMT1/SLC11A2) Using the FLIPR Tetra (2014)

Divalent metal ion transporter 1 (DMT1) is a proton-coupled Fe(2+)transporter that is essential for iron uptake in enterocytes and for transferrin-associated endosomal iron transport in many other cell types. DMT1 dysfunction is associated with several diseases such as iron overload disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The main objective of the present work is to develop and validate a fluorescence-based screening assay for DMT1 modulators. We found that Fe(2+)or Cd(2+)influx could be reliably monitored in calcium 5-loaded DMT1-expressing HEK293 cells using the FLIPR Tetra fluorescence microplate reader. DMT1-mediated metal transport shows saturation kinetics depending on the extracellular substrate concentration, with a K0.5value of 1.4 µM and 3.5 µM for Fe(2+)and Cd(2+), respectively. In addition, Cd(2+)was used as a substrate for DMT1, and we find a Kivalue of 2.1 µM for a compound (2-(3-carbamimidoylsulfanylmethyl-benzyl)-isothiourea) belonging to the benzylisothioureas family, which has been identified as a DMT1 inhibitor. The optimized screening method using this compound as a reference demonstrated a Z' factor of 0.51. In summary, we developed and validated a sensitive and reproducible cell-based fluorescence assay suitable for the identification of compounds that specifically modulate DMT1 transport activity.
Die Gesetze der Hohlraumstrahlung (1956)

Ein Hohlraum, dessen Wände sich auf gleicher Temperatur befinden, ist durch die gegenseitige Zustrahlung der Wände fortwährend von elektromagnetischen Wellen erfüllt. Ein solcher strahlungserfüllter Hohlraum hat viele Analogien mit einem gasgefüllten Hohlraum. Während jedoch bei einem Gas, das in einem gegebenen Volumen eingeschlossen ist, neben der Temperatur noch die Dichte bzw. der Druck als freie veränderliche Größe auftritt, ist die Energiedichte der eingeschlossenen Strahlung allein durch die Temperatur bestimmt. Aber ebenso wie die Atome eines Gases einen Druck auf die Wände ausüben, verursacht die im Hohlraum eingeschlossene Strahlung einen Strahlungsdruck, der allerdings sehr klein ist. So übt die schwarze Strahlung der Temperatur T auf ein blankes Metall einen Druck p = 2 · 10−18 · T4 mm Hg aus.
Bi-directional four quadrant (BDQ4) power converter development (1979)

The feasibility for implementation of a concept for direct ac/dc multikilowatt power conversion with bidirectional transfer of energy was investigated. A 10 kHz current carrier was derived directly from a common 60 Hz three phase power system. This carrier was modulated to remove the 360 Hz ripple, inherent in the three phase power supply and then demodulated and processed by a high frequency filter. The resulting dc power was then supplied to a load. The process was implemented without the use of low frequency transformers and filters. This power conversion processes was reversible and can operate in the four quadrants as viewed from any of the two of the converter's ports. Areas of application include: power systems on air and spacecraft; terrestrial traction; integration of solar and wind powered systems with utility networks; HVDC; asynchronous coupling of polyphase networks; heat treatment; industrial machine drives; and power supplies for any use including instrumentation.
Examining Condom Use through the Decade—A Reaction to Torabi et al. (2006)

(2006). Examining Condom Use through the Decade—A Reaction to Torabi et al. American Journal of Health Education: Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 122-123.
Quantum Near-Field Effects in Hybrid Carbon Nanotube Systems (2017)

Physical understanding of near-field processes in complex hybrid nanostructures of reduced dimensionality is a natural prerequisite for the development of future generation advanced nanomaterials and devices. I present two examples of how the near-field processes can drastically affect optical and transport properties of hybrid carbon nanotube structures. First is the Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) effect for a two-level atomic system (TLS) coupled to a low-energy interband plasmon resonance of a carbon nanotube (CN) [1]. Here, the SERS comes about as a strong-coupling near-field effect in which the local-field enhancement occurs due to the interband plasmon excitation when the TLS is located near the CN surface and its transition energy matches a CN local photonic DOS resonance. Previously, most of the applications of CNs to enhance the Raman scattering have been to decorate them with metallic nanoparticles, to use metal plasmons as spectroscopic enhancers with CNs only serving as their supporters [2,3]. Here, individual CNs are shown to result in the SERS effect due to their intrinsic interband plasmon modes [1]. The effect may be used to detect individual atomic type objects trapped near nanotubes. More advanced applications may include highly efficient CN based SERS substrates for single molecule/atom/ion detection, precision spontaneous emission control, and quantum optical manipulation. Second is the plasmon mediated electron transport in hybrid metal-semiconductor CN systems composed of single wall semiconducting CNs with encapsulated metallic atomic wires (AWs) [4]. Encapsulating metallic wires of just one atom thick into a single wall CN, metallic or semiconducting, is known to drastically alter the transport properties of the compound hybrid system [5]. Our theory and numerical simulations predict generic Fano resonances in charge transfer through the hybrid metal-semiconductor CN system, whereby the strong plasmon mediated AW-CN near-field interaction blocks some of the pristine AW transmission band channels to open up new coherent channels in the CN bandgap outside the AW transmission band [4]. This effect can be used to optimize charge transfer in hybrid nanodevices built on metal-semiconductor nanotube systems. I.V.B. acknowledges the US DOE grant support (DE-SC0007117). Part of this work (electron transport) was done in collaboration with M.F.Gelin of TU-Munich, Germany, whose visit to North Carolina Central University was sponsored by the US NSF grant ECCS-1306871. References [1] I.V.Bondarev, Optics Express 23, 3971 (2015) [2] Y.-C.Chen, R.J.Young, J.V.Macpherson, and R.Wilson, J. Raman Spectrosc. 42, 1255 (2011) [3] Y.Sun, K.Liu, J.Miao, Z.Wang, B.Tian, and L.Zhang, NanoLett. 10, 1747 (2010) [4] M.F.Gelin and I.V.Bondarev, Phys. Rev. B 93, 115422 (2016) [5] R.Nakanishi, R.Kitaura, P.Ayala, H.Shiozawa, K.de Blauwe, P.Hoffmann, D.Choi, Y.Miyata, T.Pichler, and H.Shinohara, Phys. Rev. B 86, 115445 (2012)
Efficient, Catalytic, Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols with Octahedral Molecular Sieves (2001)

Die gemischtvalenten, oktaedrisch aufgebauten Manganmolekularsiebe K-OMS-2 und H-K-OMS-2 katalysieren die Oxidation einer Vielzahl an Alkoholen mit einer Selektivität von 100 % und einem Umsatz in den meisten Fällen von 90–100 %. Die Reaktion (siehe Schema) ist aerob, katalytisch, mild, effizient, stabil, kostengünstig, selektiv und umweltfreundlich.
The coming of age of the transgenic era (1998)

Those were heady days.For those of us entering the fields of genetics and mammalian embryology in the 60s and 70s, the excitement was palpable.As graduate students and post-docs, we saw that long-standing barriers were tumbling down before an onslaught of technological advances.And not only that, the scientists breaking those barriers were all around us as mentors and colleagues.The rapid pace of progress and the seemingly boundless possibilities hooked us into the field and we gradually became aware that we, too, were part of a revolution that was on the way to opening the mammalian genome to experimental alteration.Who could forget the thrill of seeing mice born of a foster mother, knowing that as embryos, they had spent a large part of their preimplantation life in a petri dish? (Fig. 1) (McLaren and Biggers, 1958).Or seeing a variegated mouse that was actually the product of two separate embryos, combined to make a single animal?(Fig. 2) (Tarkowski, 1961;Mintz, 1964;Gardner, 1968).Or later, seeing transgenic mice with visible and profound indications of the activity of an introduced, foreign, mammalian gene functioning within its genome?(Fig. 3) (Palmiter et al., 1982(Palmiter et al., ,1983).As we stood on the shoulders of giants, we could peer into a new age of genetic engineering, where alteration of the genome would become a predictable and precise science.Ralph Brinster was undoubtedly one of those giants and continues to this day on an unswerving course aimed at understanding the complexities of the control of gene expression and, ultimately, of manipulating the information transmitted from one generation to
Search for suppression of T cells specific for the second nonhost H-2 haplotype in F1 leads to P irradiation bone marrow chimeras. (1979)

Irradiation bone marrow chimeras were made by lethally irradiating parental (P) mice and reconstituting them with T cell-depleted bone marrow cells from F 1 hybrid offsprings. These F 1 → P chimeric lymphocytes were then analyzed for suppressor mechanisms that could cause the differentiation of effector T cells whose responsiveness was restricted in specificity to the host parent9s H-2 haplotype. No evidence was detected for acute or chronic suppression of the second parent9s restriction specificity in the following tests of cytotoxic T cell activity against virus-infected targets: 1) Mixing normal F 1 spleen cells with various amounts of chimeric spleen and lymph node cells during the cytotoxicity test or, during sensitization in F 1 mice tested 5 days after irradiation and infection, revealed no suppression of the activity for the second parental type target cells. 2) Chimeric F 1 → P 1 lymphocytes did not suppress alloreactivity directed against the second parental H-2 type. 3) Presence or absence of T cells in the transferred, reconstituting F 1 bone marrow cells did not change the hosts9 influence on the selection of restriction specificity. 4) F 1 → P chimeric lymphocytes transferred to 500 R irradiated normal F 1 mice did not suppress reactivity for the second parental type targets. 5) F 1 → P chimeric lymphocytes or bone marrow cells transferred to lethally irradiated F 1 could still differentiate to express the second parental restriction specificity; similarly, when F 1 → P lymphocytes were mixed with normal but anti-ϑ plus complement-treated F 1 bone marrow cells and transferred to lethally irradiated F 1 , both restriction specificities were generated. Therefore, F 1 → P irradiation bone marrow chimeras as described and tested here do not contain mechanisms that suppress the restriction specificity of the second parent, which is not a host to the maturing F 1 T cells, at least at the effector stage or during differentiation.
The Genetic Effect on Refractive Error and Anterior Corneal Aberration: Twin Eye Study (2007)

These results suggest that corneal astigmatism and spherical aberration possess a greater genetic predisposition than those of other refractive errors and higher order aberrations.
Chemical carcinogens used to induce spontaneous tumors may suppress tumor specific T-cell immunity (2013)

Meeting abstracts Many mouse models of breast cancer have been developed that closely replicate human breast cancer subtypes at the genomic level. In order to develop vaccines that could prevent a broad spectrum of breast cancer subtypes, a combination of different spontaneous tumor models are
Coordinate regulation of collagen II(alpha 1) and H19 expression in immortalized hamster cells. (1993)

Loss of tumor suppressor gene function is essential in the multistep progression of cells to neoplasia. Immortalized cells were established by carcinogen treatment of Syrian hamster embryo cells. At early passages, these nontumorigenic cells retained the ability to suppress tumorigenicity in cell hybrids with malignant cells. Upon passage and subcloning of these suppressor-positive (supB+) cells, variant clones that had lost tumor suppressor activity were isolated. These suppressor-negative (supB-) clones remained nontumorigenic. The mRNAs encoding collagen II(alpha 1a), a chondrocyte differentiation marker, and H19, a developmentally controlled gene, were more abundant in supB+ cells than in supB- cells. Nuclear run-on analysis indicated that the transcription of these genes is differentially regulated. Transient transfection experiments revealed that a cis-acting element in the rat collagen II 5' flanking sequences directs differentially regulated transcription. Gel retention analysis demonstrated the presence of a nuclear DNA-binding factor(s) that specifically recognizes a DNA sequence common to both the rat collagen II sequences and the mouse H19 enhancer. In one set of clones, transcriptional regulation could account for differential collagen II and H19 expression in supB+ and supB- cells. In another set of clones, posttranscriptional controls are responsible for the decreased expression of these genes in supB- cells. The emergence of two independent mechanisms that cause differential expression of collagen II and H19 related to tumor suppressor loss suggests that coordinate regulation of these genes, or others regulated by common mechanisms, may be important in tumor suppression.
Structural Control and Property Development of Silicone Polymers (2018)

Typical silicones, including poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS), are amorphous, but poly(tetramethyl-p-silphenylene-siloxane) (PTMPS) containing phenyl rings in the main chain is crystalline. A combination of in-situ X-ray and NMR measurements during heating of PTMPS indicates that the molecular motion of the phenyl rings exhibits remarkable anisotropy even in the molten state, suggesting rigidity of the PTMPS molecules. Therefore, a melt-drawing technique could be successfully applied to PTMPS. The obtained melt-drawn PTMPS membrane is transparent but exhibits an excellent tensile modulus and strength of 1.7 GPa and 20 MPa, which are enough for various industrial applications. Similar introduction of phenyl rings in the main chain is also effective for property development of silicone elastomer. Blend films of PTMPS and silicone elastomer exhibits the characteristic phase separation, depending on the blending compositions. Such blend films give the remarkably higher tensile strength than the original silicone elastomer, due to the crystalline component.