gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A critique of the Laffer theorem’s macro-narrative consequences for corporate tax avoidance from a Global Wealth Chain perspective (2020)

Global Wealth Chain analysis explores the potential for wealth creation to become wealth capture. Corporate tax avoidance is a component in many GWC. The problem is complex, involving both practices and undergirding macro-narratives that support a status quo and limit political and regulatory action. In this paper, I argue that the Laffer theorem and its legacy plays a background role in framing tax avoidance. The theorem is one component in a general direction of travel of neoliberal policy. Following general discussion of the issues I note that the original version of the theorem takes no account of avoidance and subsequent iterations do so based on incompatible concepts of firm behaviour. These problems are rooted in mainstream economic methodology and distort a more historical, sociological and institutional understanding of the economy. This has additional consequences for issues of tax justice, since these sit awkwardly with formal economic analysis.
THE EFFECT OF NANO-ADDITIVES ON THE HYDRATION RESISTANCE OF MATERIALS SYNTHESIZED FROM THE MGO-CAO SYSTEM (RESEARCH NOTE) (2016)

In this study, the effect of variety of Nano- additives doping on the hydration resistance of the MgO-CaO system was investigated. Samples were prepared from calcined dolomite and magnesite. Nano-additives that contained cations with various valences (trivalent and tetravalent) used as  a dopant. The bulk density, apparent porosity and hydration resitance were studied and evaluated. Also, phase analysis of samples was conducted by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and  the microstructure investigation was done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The use of both additives improved the hydration resistance. However, the important role of the higher-valence cation in improvmnt of  the hydration resistance of MgO-CaO materials was revealed. This behavior is believed to be due to the formation of vacancies in solid solution of CaO or MgO with higher–valence cation. Zr4+ cation form a solid solution with CaO, which reduce the Ca2+ concentration and leads to the improved hydration resistance of the MgO-CaO system. Also trivalent cation led to the formation of some low melting phases such as C2F (2CaO.Fe2O3), CF (CaO.Fe2O3), C3A (3CaO.Al2O3). The formation of these low melting point phases surrounded the CaO and MgO grain, grain-boundaries and thus promoted densification and hydration resistance of the  MgO-CaO system.
Memory Efficient and Low Complexity Variable Length Decoding for MPEG-4 Applications (2007)

Variable length decoding (VLD) is one of the most computationally expensive parts in a video decoder. Since VLD is an inherent bit-serial operation and is the first stage of the whole decoding task, the overall decoding system performance is determined by its throughput and efficiency. In this paper, a VLD scheme is presented. The proposed VLD tables need less than 6Kbytes memory space, and the decoding procedures are completed by applying numerical properties to codewords identification and symbol indexing. Compared with the direct indexing method, not only the memory space is reduced for symbol information, but also the code efficiency is improved by enabling the compiling code with the near mode. Experimental results show that the proposed solution can improve the VLD speed by 17-43%. This VLD method has been integrated into the developed embedded MPEG-4 video decoder and can perform real-time decoding under eight channels common intermediate format (CIF) frame size.
Physics and applications of semiconductor microstructures (1989)

Description of non-interacting electrons in periodic structures - free-electron model quantum states of electrons interacting with a weak periodic potential - nearly-free-electron band structure localized representation of electron states in solids - tight-binding model basic observable properties of semiconductor materials - thermal excitations, lattice vibrations, optical absorption and emission, impurity levels, p-n junctions, diffusion - Einstein's relation, electron motion in electric field electronic structure - optical and transport parameters of technologically important semiconductors physics of semiconductor interfaces quantum wells, superlattices, quantum wires and dots electron transport in microstructures - Poole-Frenkel effect, Josephson tunnelling optical properties of microstructures - propagation of electromagnetic waves in dielectrics, origin of non-linear effects wave mixing, bistability, self-focusing and soliton propagation fabrication and characterization of semiconductor microstructures - methods of crystal growth, lithography, dry etching, direct writing, Langmuir-Blodgett-Roberts films, digital MBE growth, surface spectroscopy, quantum Hall effect, determination of heterojunction band line-ups application of semiconductor microstructures in electronic devices - planar silicon technology, MOSFET and biopolar transistors, high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT), hot-electron transistors application of semiconductor microstructures in optoelectronics - heterojunction lasers, photodetectors, optical fibres and switches, application of photonics in information technology. Appendices: 1 - hydrogenic levels 2 - particle in a one-dimensional rectangular well 3 - solution of the Schrodinger equation for a periodic one-dimensional (Kronig-Penney) potential.
Paraoxonase 192 gene polymorphism and serum paraoxonase activity in high grade gliomas and meningiomas (2005)

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between serum PON1 activity and PON 192 polymorphism in brain tumours. The distribution of PON 192 polymorphism in 42 high grade gliomas and 42 meningiomas were determined by polymerase chain reaction--based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and compared with 50 healthy control subjects. Serum paraoxonase1 activities were also measured and compared in the same population. We found that in both tumour groups serum PON1 activity was significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.001), but did not differ between meningiomas and high grade gliomas. There was no significant difference either in distribution of the AA, AB and BB genotypes or in the allelic frequencies, between the patient group and control subjects (p > 0.05). Our results suggest that serum PON1 as a part of the lipid peroxidation scavenging systems might be involved in the tumourigenesis of brain tumours.
The Current and Voltage Phase Shift Regulation in Resonant Converters With Integration Control (2007)

This letter presents an application of the phase controller which allows a regulation of current and voltage phase shift in resonant circuit with nonperiodic voltage waveform. The phase controller has been implemented using the voltage-controlled oscillator generator operating with double resonant frequency, creation of additional auxiliary voltage signal, and phase-locked loop. The results of computer simulations and laboratory experiments show that the proposed phase controller allows a simple and efficient phase shift regulation for all known systems of integration control with a continuous and discontinuous resonant current flow
Beam Diagnostics with Optical-Fiber Optics (2006)

Optical fiber has been widely used for communications. It is a waveguide with very high-frequency bandwidth. Therefore, it has broad applications for high-frequency related signals such as high-energy Accelerator beam signals. Research, developments and field-tests have been done to measure charged particle beam and synchrotron radiation with optical fiber based instruments developed by the author.
A GA-Based Feature Extraction and Its Application (2009)

In order to obtain an explicit and non-linear regress function, a new feature extraction was presented on the basis of linear support vector regression and genetic algorithm. Firstly, the linear input space in training data was mapped to a polynomial space, which can solve non-linear regression questions without complex and vague kernel skills. Then, a genetic algorithm was used to extract features from high dimension polynomial space. Suitable fitness function guaranteed that the extracted features had the biggest influence on the output in training data. Finally, linear support vector regression was introduced to the extracted features. An explicit non-linear regress function can be find. An application showed the efficiency of the new feature extraction.
Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6 Activates TERT Gene Transcription through Induction of c-Myc and Release of USF-Mediated Repression (2003)

Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16), a DNA tumor virus, has a causal role in cervical cancer, and the viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 contribute to oncogenesis in multiple ways. E6 increases telomerase activity in keratinocytes through increased transcription of the telomerase catalytic subunit gene (TERT), but the factors involved in this have been elusive. We have found that mutation of the proximal E box in the TERT promoter has an activating effect in luciferase assays. This suggested that a repressive complex might be present at this site. HPV-16 E6 activated the TERT promoter predominantly through the proximal E box, and thus, might be acting on this repressive complex. This site is specific for the Myc/Mad/Max transcription factors as well as USF1 and USF2. Addition of exogenous USF1 or USF2 repressed activation of the TERT promoter by E6, dependent on the proximal E box. Using siRNA against USF1 or USF2 allowed for greater activation of the TERT promoter by E6. Conversely, loss of c-Myc function, through a dominant-negative Myc molecule, reduced activation by E6. Chromatin immunoprecipitations showed that in the presence of E6, there was a reduction in binding of USF1 and USF2 at the TERT promoter proximal E box, and a concomitant increase in c-Myc bound to this site. This shows that a repressive complex containing USF1 and USF2 is present in normal cells with little or no telomerase activity. In E6 keratinocytes, this repressive complex is replaced by c-Myc, which corresponds to higher levels of TERT transcription and consequently, telomerase activity.
Effects of defects near source or drain contacts of carbon nanotube transistors (2012)

We calculate the amplitude of the random-telegraph-signal (RTS) noise due to a single charged defect in a long-channel p-type carbon nanotube field-effect transistor, using the nonequilibrium Green function method in a tight-binding approximation. We find that the amplitude of the RTS noise caused by a positive charge close to the source (or drain) contact increases with the applied gate voltage and drain voltage. A positive charge located at the nanotube-oxide interface and close to the source (or drain) contact may cause a large RTS noise of about 50% in the on-state.
Phaeohyphomycotic sinusitis (1984)

BERRY, ALISON J. MD; KERKERING, THOMAS M. MD; GIORDANO, ANTHONY M. MD; CHIANCONE, JOHN MD Author Information
Salicylanilide Ester Prodrugs as Potential Antimicrobial Agents - a Review (2011)

Salicylanilides have been a subject of interest in medicinal chemistry as a group with a wide range of biological activities. The antibacterial (including antimycobacterial) and antifungal activities have come to be viewed as very significant. The synthesis of new prodrugs to counter a number of problematic properties of salicylanilides is a current trend. This article brings together the known basic facts about these prodrugs, particularly about the different mechanisms of the antimicrobial action of salicylanilides, including salicylanilide toxicity and undesired effects. The largest part of this group consists of antimicrobial salicylanilide esters with different organic acids, e.g. acetates, carbamates, esters with N-protected amino acids, and mutual antibacterial compounds with known antibacterial agents (β-lactames and linezolid), with the activity and structure-activity relationships of these compounds being of particular interest. This review summarizes the activity of salicylanilides as potential virulence inhibitors attributable to a blockade of the type III secretion pathway. Many salicylanilide ester derivatives have been demonstrated an effective and promising treatment against pathogenic fungi and bacteria (especially against Gram-positive, tuberculous and atypical mycobacterial strains), including strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and isoniazid-resistant mycobacteria which are resistant to one or more clinically used drugs.
Application of fuzzy PID controlling technique in downhole power supply (2012)

This paper presents a novel downhole power supply control system using fuzzy PID control strategy. The control system is powered by a downhole turbine generator which generates AC voltage. The output of the turbine generator is processed through a full wave bridge rectifier and filter, and then input to the phase-shifted full-bridge PWM controller. A digital signal processor TMS320F2809 is used as the main control unit of the regulator control module. In order to verify the effectiveness of this system, a fuzzy proportion integration differentiation (F-PID) controller is used to control the phase-shifted full-bridge switching power supply, and the results presented that the controller can ensure the stability for power supply.
The Potential Benefits of Red Beetroot Supplementation in Health and Disease (2015)

In recent years there has been a growing interest in the biological activity of red beetroot (Beta vulgaris rubra) and its potential utility as a health promoting and disease preventing functional food. As a source of nitrate, beetroot ingestion provides a natural means of increasing in vivo nitric oxide (NO) availability and has emerged as a potential strategy to prevent and manage pathologies associated with diminished NO bioavailability, notably hypertension and endothelial function. Beetroot is also being considered as a promising therapeutic treatment in a range of clinical pathologies associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Its constituents, most notably the betalain pigments, display potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and chemo-preventive activity in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this review is to discuss beetroot's biological activity and to evaluate evidence from studies that specifically investigated the effect of beetroot supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, cognition and endothelial function.
A Simple Demonstration of the Frequency Dependences of Elastic Moduli and the Damping of Stress Waves at Seismic Frequencies (1982)

Recognition of the frequency dispersion of seismic waves first arose from the study of the shapes of explosively generated pulses. Mathematically, the relevant dispersion relation has been derived with satisfying rigour, but the implied frequency dependences of elastic moduli have been difficult to demonstrate in a simple and convincing way. It is shown here that a torsional pendulum suffices to display the first order frequency dependence of the rigidity modulus for a hard plastic which is strongly dissipative, as represented by an anelastic Q factor of order 20. A similar direct demonstration for rocks is beset by the difficulty of reducing the strain amplitude to 10 6 or less, to bring the anelasticity into the linear range.
Low incidence of cardiac events with ?-blocking therapy in children with long QT syndrome (2004)

The outcome of children with LQTS under effective beta-blockers is favourable. Persisting arrhythmia or symptoms despite beta-blockers should aim at identifying other genotypes than KCNQ1.
Issues in content-based music information retrieval (2002)

Representing a significant shift from methods that employ bibliographic metadata for music retrieval, modern Music Information Retrieval (MIR) research seeks to utilize characteristics of music to search databases of musical content via musically expressed queries. These investigations hold significant promise for the future development of commercial and research applications such as searchable databases of popular tunes on the web and databases of historical music. However the challenges are diverse, encompassing music cognition, storage and processing, and traditional information retrieval (IR) issues. This paper focuses on IR issues in MIR, discussing various approaches to music representation and matching techniques. Prototype MIR systems Meldex, Semex, Themefinder and Arthur are briefly described.
Luminescence Properties of Some 4- or 5-Aminosubstituted Indan-1,3-Diones (1987)

The photophysical characteristics of some 4(5)-amino-2-aryl- and 4(5)-amino-2-aryl-2-carboxymethyl-1,3-indandiones have been studied in solvents of different polarity at room temperature and at 77 °K. In contrast to the 2-arylindan-1,3-diones unsubstituted in the phthaloyl fragment, the compounds investigated are photostable and fluoresce in the region 25 000− 18 000 cm −1 with fluorescence quantum yields between 0.1 and 0.5.
Broadcast reliability evaluation of multistage interconnection networks (2002)

The authors propose a simple and efficient algorithm for the reliability evaluation of a shuffle exchange network with extra stage (SENE) by a two-step method, called the sum of disjoint products method. Reliability expressions are derived for cases in which all outputs are to be reached (broadcast reliability) and in which only a subset of outputs of size s is to be reached (s-terminal reliability). Once the broadcast tree terms are obtained, a sum of disjoint products is generated for the reliability expression by a relatively small number of calculations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design recovery of interactive graphical applications (2003)

Nowadays, the majority of productivity applications are interactive and graphical in nature. In this paper, we explore the possibility of taking advantage of these two characteristics in a design recovery tool. Specifically, the fact that an application is interactive means that we can identify distinct execution bursts corresponding closely to performed by the user The fact that the application is graphical means that we can describe those actions visually from a fragment of the application display itself. Combining these two ideas, we obtain an explicit mapping from high-level actions performed by a user (similar to use case scenarios/specification fragments) to their low-level implementation. This mapping can be used for design recovery of interactive graphical applications. We demonstrate our approach using L/sub Y/X, a scientific word processor.
Letter to the Editor: Modeling the nonmonotonic time-dependence of viscosity bifurcation in thixotropic yield-stress fluids (2019)

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Peer-to-peer networks applied to power grid (2007)

In order to improve and deploy distributed control systems for the power grid a robust ICT infrastructure is required partially based on dependable middleware that exploits redundancy and diversity in communication networks. The dynamic nature of power grid applications makes necessity of using peer-to-peer (P2P) networks in this system. The main requirements of P2P networks for power grid are that they are scalable, self-organizing and distributed. Furthermore they degrade gracefully in the advent of failures, restore automatically after repair and need to cope with dynamic environment. This paper at first classifies P2P networks according their architecture and compares them. Then it analyzes P2P networks based on their architectures for controlling power grid components. It shows hybrid decentralized indexing P2P networks are best choice and most suitable architecture for power grid.
Recognizing subjectivity: a case study in manual tagging (1999)

In this paper, we describe a case study of a sentence-level categorization in which tagging instructions are developed and used by four judges to classify clauses from the Wall Street Journal as either subjective or objective . Agreement among the four judges is analyzed, and based on that analysis, each clause is given a final classification. To provide empirical support for the classifications, correlations are assessed in the data between the subjective category and a basic semantic class posited by Quirk, Greenbaum, Leech and Svartvik (1985).
Screening of Oleaginous Yeasts and Optimization for Lipid Production Using Crude Glycerol as a Carbon Source (2011)

Eight hundreds and eighty nine yeast strains were isolated from soils and wastes of palm oil mill and biodiesel plant in southern region of Thailand using glucose or glycerol as carbon source and at acidic condition (pH 4.0) or neutral condition (pH 6.0) with 0.0001% chloramphenicol. By applying Sudan Black B tests, 23 strains were identified as potential lipid producer or oleaginous yeast. The lipid contents of these 23 strains were compared in crude glycerol based medium. It was found that BY4-523 accumulated highest lipid content up to 53.28% while JU4-57 grew fastest and gave comparable high lipid content 41.50%. They were identified as Kodamaea ohmeri and Trichosporonoides spathulata, respectively. Among organic nitrogen sources tested, a mixture of yeast extract and peptone (1:1) gave the best biomass (17.05 g/L for T. spathulata and 11.1 g/L for K. ohmeri) and the maximum lipid production (10.43 g/L for T. spathulata and 4.53 g/L for K. ohmeri). In the view point of economic strategy, the cheaper inorganic nitrogen sources were also tested. Among inorganic nitrogen sources tested, ammonium sulfate was selected as a suitable nitrogen source. It gave the best biomass (9.17 g/L for T. spathulata and 10.45 g/L for K. ohmeri) and the maximum lipid production (3.85 g/L for T. spathulata and 3.17 g/L for K. ohmeri). The results showed that the newly isolated yeasts could grow and accumulate high lipid content in crude glycerol based medium supplemented with only ammonium sulfate. The optimal medium composition for both strains was 0.5% ammonium sulfate and 10% crude glycerol (C/N ratio of 17). Under this condition, the maximum biomass of 10.40 g/L and lipid production of 4.45 g/L were achieved for T. spathulata. Similarly, K. ohmeri also reached the maximum biomass of 10.50 g/L and lipid production of 3.22 g/L.