gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constrained optimization of directional transfer functions using subjective preferences (1997)

The synthesis of high quality virtual acoustic sources over headphones has been shown to depend on individual differences between subjects: Sources synthesized using one’s own head-related transfer functions provide more accurate localization cues than sources generated with HRTFs obtained from others. A method of perceptually optimizing a generic set of HRTFs to more closely approximate those of a given subject is discussed. In this paper, HRTFs are represented as a cascade of a common and a directional transfer function [Middlebrooks and Green (1990)]. The DTFs are modeled as low-order pole-zero systems, whose parameters are varied using an adaptive iterative method [Wakefield and Runkle (1992)] that incorporates subject preferences with a search algorithm. Unlike previous attempts where no assumptions were made about the subject’s criteria for judging the quality of prospective solutions, psychophysically based constraints have been imposed on the parameter space to facilitate rapid convergence. To assess the feasibility of using subjective feedback in the optimization of DTFs, subjects were asked to ‘‘move’’ a binaural source from an initial position to a nearby desired position. Issues of convergence and repeatability will be discussed. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research in conjunction with the Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory.]
Detecting anomalous network hosts by means of PCA (2012)

This paper focuses on the identification of anomalous hosts within a computer network with the motivation to detect attacks and/or other unwanted and suspicious traffic. The proposed detection method does not use content of packets, which enables the method to be used on encrypted networks. Moreover, the method has very low computational complexity allowing fast detection and response important for limitation of potential damages. The proposed method uses entropies of IP addresses and ports to build two complementary models of host's traffic based on principal component analysis. These two models are coupled with two orthogonal anomaly definitions, which gives four different detectors. The methods are evaluated and compared to prior art on one week long capture of traffic on university network. The experiments reveals that no single detector can detect all types of anomalies, which is expected and stresses the importance of ensemble approach towards intrusion detection.
Historical perspective on<i>Chlamydomonas</i>as a model for basic research: 1950–1970 (2015)

During the period 1950-1970, groundbreaking research on the genetic mapping of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the use of mutant strains to analyze photosynthesis was conducted in the laboratory of R. Paul Levine at Harvard University. An account of this era, based in part on interviews with Levine, is presented.
The term processor Kimwitu, manual and cookbook (2000)

The Term Processor Kimwitu Manual and Cookbook, Version 10a. This version is identical to Version 10, except for this page (the license text), a few bugfixes, and a change from LATEX to LATEX2e, and the use of the hyperref package. This manual documents Kimwitu version 4.5.
Large-Eddy Simulationof Reacting Turbulent Flows in ComplexGeometries (2005)

Abstract Large-eddy simulation (LES) has traditionally been restricted to fairly simple geometries. This paper discusses LES of reacting flows in geometries as complex as commercial gas turbine engine combustors. The incompressible algorithm developed by Mahesh et al. (J. Comput. Phys., 2004, 197, 215–240) is extended to the zero Mach number equations with heat release. Chemical reactions are modeled using the flamelet/progress variable approach of Pierce and Moin (J. Fluid Mech., 2004, 504, 73–97). The simulations are validated against experiment for methane-air combustion in a coaxial geometry, and jet-A surrogate/air combustion in a gas-turbine combustor geometry.
Magnetic properties of dendrimer-encapsulated iron nanoparticles containing an average of 55 and 147 atoms (2007)

The synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties of Fe nanoparticles containing an average of 55 and 147 atoms are described. The nanoparticles are prepared using dendrimer templates, and therefore they are nearly size-monodisperse. In the absence of oxygen and water, the Fe nanoparticles are stable, but they decompose quickly when exposed to air. Magnetic analysis indicates that the 55-atom nanoparticles are superparamagnetic, but the 147-atom materials undergo a transition to ferromagnetic at 6 K. Both materials exhibit suppression of the magnetic saturation compared to bulk Fe.
Prediction of the Aerodynamic Characteristics of Cruciform Missiles Including Effects of Roll Angle and Control Deflection (1986)

Abstract : A missile-fin data base for a wide range of configurations and flow conditions was obtained. These data were incorporated into an engineering method for predicting the aerodynamic characteristics of typical cruciform configurations over a wide range of angles of attack, fin deflection angles, roll angles, and Mach numbers. This report documents the test programs, describes the new code, MISSILE 3, and presents comparisons of independent experiment and predicted results to verify the code. A user's manual for the code is included. Keywords: Missile aerodynamics; Aerodynamic empirical techniques; Missile aerodynamic loads; Wind tunnel tests; Computer codes.
Effect of supplementary energy and protein feeding on the true digestion of grass-silage organic matter, cell walls and nitrogen estimated by the combined synthetic-fibre-bag method in cows (1992)

Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated non-lactating Finnish Ayrshire cows were used in a balanced 4 × 4 Latin square to study the effect of different concentrate supplements on the true partial and total-tract digestion (TTD) of grass silage, estimated by using the combined rumen-bag-intestinal-bag method. The cows were fed, at maintenance level, grass silage alone or supplemented with good-quality ground barley, ground barley and rapeseed meal, or ground barley and soybean meal. The determination of the proportion of grass silage degraded in the rumen (RD) was based on disappearance of feeds from nylon bags during the rumen incubation as a function of time, using the outflow rate of k = 0.0625. The intestinal digestion (ID) was estimated by the mobile-bag method with the residues that resisted degradation during the 16-h rumen incubation. Combination of these two was calculated to provide the TTD. Concentrate supplementation always caused a clear and consistent decline in rumen degradation and TTD of organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and Kjeldahl-N of grass silage but had no real influence on its ID. The type of concentrate, however, had only little effect. The average TTD of NDF was 16% lower than that of OM, but TTD of N was always very much higher than the respective value for OM. The results indicate that concentrate supplementation decreases the total-tract digestion of OM, cell walls and nitrogen of grass silage owing to impaired ruminal degradation. The combined bag method appears a convenient tool to provide digestion coefficients close to the true feed digestion of the individual feeds. Key words: Grass silage, nylon bag, mobile bag, combined bag, ruminal degradation, intestinal digestion, true digestion
Oscillatory behavior of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> in continuous culture: I. Effects of pH and nitrogen levels (1990)

The appearance of sustained oscillations in bioreactor variables (biomass and nutrient concentrations) in continuous cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicates the complex nature of microbial systems, the inadequacy of current growth kinetic models, and the difficulties which may arise in bioprocess control and optimization. In this study we investigate continuous bioreactor behavior over a range of operating conditions (dilution rate, feed glucose concentration, feed ammonium concentration, dissolved oxygen, and pH) to determine the process requirements which lead to oscillatory behavior. We present new results which indicate that high feed ammonium concentrations may eliminate oscillations and that under oscillatory conditions ammonium levels are generally low and oscillatory as well. The effects of pH are complex and oscillations were only observed at pH values 5.5 and 6.5; no oscillations were observed at a pH of 4.5. Under our nominal operating conditions (feed glucose concentration 10 g/L, dilution rate 0.145 h(-1), feed ammonium concentration 0.0303M, dissolved oxygen level 50%, pH 5.5, and T = 30 degrees C) we found two possible final bioreactor states depending on the transient used to reach the nominal operating conditions. One of the states was oscillatory and characteristic of oxidative metabolism and the other was nonoscillatory and fermentative.
P1‐163: Manganese‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (meMRI) measures pre‐pathological neuronal dysfunction before the appearance of tau pathology in rtg4510 mice (2015)

AD and related tauopathies are the most crippling cognitive threat to our aging population. Tauopathic patients have significant cognitive decline accompanied by irreversible and severe brain atrophy, and it is thought that neuronal dysfunction occurs years before diagnosis. Current diagnostic tools are ineffective at detecting robust pre-pathological changes in the brain. We developed a manganese-based imaging technique to perform quantitative measurement of broad neuronal dysfunction. We used ME-MRI (manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging) coupled with parametric T1-mapping to measure the extent of neuronal dysfunction that occurs before the appearance of cognitive deficits and tau pathology that are characteristic of the rTg4510 tau model. Calcium dysregulation is a key feature associated with neuronal and death in AD and other tauopathies, we used MEMRI to reveal calcium dysregulation in rTg4510 mice tau transgenic mice in a longitudinal time course: 3, 4, 6, and 10 months, by which there is overt tangle pathology and significant cognitive impairment. We measured and compared MEMRI changes in the superior cortex and different sub-regions of the hippocampus of rTg4510 and non-transgenic mice. We show that at 3 months, rTg4510 mice have dramatic changes in MEMRI patterns (significantly increased ΔR1 values) compared to the non-transgenic mice; these ME-MRI signatures are further pronounced at 4, 6, and 10 months. The magnitude of change in the rTg4510 mice was different in the cortical and hippocampal ROIs. However, no significant changes were observed in the non-transgenic mice. There is no cure for tauopathies, and this is partly due to poor understanding of tau pathogenesis. This study successfully establishes, for the first time, the earliest detectable calcium-based neuronal dysfunction of tau pathogenesis in one of the most commonly used tau transgenic models. This will help frame an effective therapeutic window for future studies using disease-modifying compounds.
Prodigiosin is a chloride carrier that can function as an anion exchanger (2005)

The natural product prodigiosin 1, often described as an H+/Cl- symport cotransporter, can transport Cl- across lipid vesicles via an anion exchange (or antiport) mechanism.
Contrasting anesthetic sensitivities of T‐type Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels of reticular thalamic neurons and recombinant Ca<sub>v</sub>3.3 channels (2004)

Reticular thalamocortical neurons express a slowly inactivating T-type Ca(2+) current that is quite similar to that recorded from recombinant Ca(v)3.3b (alpha1Ib) channels. These neurons also express abundant Ca(v)3.3 mRNA, suggesting that it underlies the native current. Here, we test this hypothesis by comparing the anesthetic sensitivities of recombinant Ca(v)3.3b channels stably expressed in HEK 293 cells to native T channels in reticular thalamic neurons (nRT) from brain slices of young rats. Barbiturates completely blocked both Ca(v)3.3 and nRT currents, with pentobarbital being about twice more potent in blocking Ca(v)3.3 currents. Isoflurane had about the same potency in blocking Ca(v)3.3 and nRT currents, but enflurane, etomidate, propofol, and ethanol exhibited 2-4 fold higher potency in blocking nRT vs Ca(v)3.3 currents. Nitrous oxide (N(2)O; laughing gas) blocked completely nRT currents with IC(50) of 20%, but did not significantly affect Ca(v)3.3 currents at four-fold higher concentrations. In addition, we observed that in lower concentration, N(2)O reversibly increased nRT but not Ca(v)3.3 currents. In conclusion, contrasting anesthetic sensitivities of Ca(v)3.3 and nRT T-type Ca(2+) channels strongly suggest that different molecular structures of Ca(2+) channels give rise to slowly inactivating T-type Ca(2+) currents. Furthermore, effects of volatile anesthetics and ethanol on slowly inactivating T-type Ca(2+) channel variants may contribute to the clinical effects of these agents.
Moisture retention in a (<i>in vitro</i>) porcine skin substrate (2003)

Model porcine skin samples were evaluated for moisture retention when subjected to various cosmetic treatments. Moisture retention was evaluated by two methods - via the Nova Dermal Phase Meter (DPM), and via weight loss measurements during moisture evaporation. In both measurements, skin samples were placed in dry-air environments. Although it is rare that skin in vivo would be subjected to such dry conditions, the evaluation proved useful in differentiating: (1) factors affecting the two types of measurements, and (2) the types of treatments. In initial experiments of the DPM method, it was found that the DPM level, usually attributed to the moisture level of the skin, was highly susceptible to the ionic strength of the skin treatment. Skin samples treated with solutions having higher salt concentrations exhibited higher DPM levels. It was also found that the duration of the DPM signal, during evaporative moisture loss from the skin sample, was relatively constant with changes in ionic strength. The duration could thus be used as a gauge of how well the skin retained moisture in the dry environment. A number of measurements of DPM duration were performed for skin samples treated with simple mixtures and more complex formulated products. The durations were correlated with water loss rates determined from gravimetric experiments.
Some physiological aspects of artificial gravity (1973)

The effects of increasing artificial gravity exposure on four aspects of physiological fitness are examined in four young men who, prior to exposure, were deconditioned with bed rest and water immersion. The four aspects of physiological fitness are orthostatic tolerance, exercise tolerance, forearm endurance, and maximum strength. Orthostatic tolerance was sharply reduced by deconditioning and was substantially improved by walking in simulated lunar gravity (1/6 g) for 2.5 hours daily for 7 days or by walking in 1/2 g and 1 g for 1 hour daily for 3 days. Exercise tolerance was also sharply reduced by deconditioning but did not significantly improve with increasing g-exposure. Walking in 1 g for 1 hour daily for 3 days raised exercise tolerance only a little above the low produced by deconditioning. Forearm endurance and maximum strength were relatively unaffected by deconditioning and subsequent g-exposure.
Improvement of viewing quality of reconstructed three-dimensional images in large-depth integral imaging system by use of a diffusing illumination (2005)

In this paper, we present the characteristics of integral imaging systems with large depth when using plane illumination and diffusing illumination. For each system, we perform ray analysis based on ray optics. To check visual quality through optical experiments, we use an average image of observed images pickuped at various positions within large depth. Experimental results show that the use of diffusing illumination can improve visual quality of reconstruction 3-D images in large depth integral imaging system.
Synthèse de la parole : description et utilisation d'un synthétiseur du type « à formants » (1970)

Après avoir rappelé la théorie du fonctionnement de l'appareil vocal, on décrit un synthétiseur de parole du type « à formants » dont la fonction de transfert est équivalente à celle de l'ensemble des cavités du conduit vocal. Puis on développe quelques applications de cet appareil.
ISI's (Information Sciences Institute) SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative) architecture simulator: The 'KMAC' battle manager specification language. Research report (1989)

In 1987, ISI's parallel distributed computing research group implemented a prototype sequential simulation system, designed for high-level simulation of candidate (Strategic Defense Initiative) architectures. A main design goal was to produce a simulation system that could incorporate non-trivial, executable representations of battle-management computations on each platform that were capable of controlling the actions of that platform throughout the simulation. The term BMA (battle manager abstraction) was used to refer to these simulated battle-management computations. In the authors first version of the simulator, the BMAs were C++ programs that we wrote and manually inserted into the system. Since then, they have designed and implemented KMAC, a high-level language for writing BMA's. The KMAC preprocessor, built using the Unix tools lex 2 and YACC 3, translates KMAC source programs into C++ programs and passes them on to the C++ compiler. The KMAC preprocessor was incorporated into and operates under the control of the simulator's interactive user interface. After the KMAC preprocessor has translated a program into C++, the user interface system invokes the C++ compiler, and incorporates the resulting object code into the simulator load module for execution as part of a simulation run. This report describes the KMAC language and itsmore » preprocessor. Section 2 provides background material on the design of the simulation system that is necessary for understanding some of the parts of KMAC and some of the reasons it is structured the way it is. Section 3 describes the syntax and semantics of the language, and Section 4 discusses design of the preprocessor.« less
F204 Development of enhanced recovery of methane hydrate using exothermic heat of CO2 hydrate formation : Experimental results about influence of effective stress to soil structure (2012)

We are doing research how to use exothermic heat of CO_2 hydrate formation for methane hydrate production increase. We had verified that CO_2 flows into sediments at the phase equilibrium temperature and pressure of CO_2 hydrate by experimental study in 2009. This verification shows that CO_2 can inject into sedimentary layers by considering the phase equilibrium condition of CO_2 hydrate. However we don't know how CO_2 hydrate would form when CO_2 is injected into the sediments which temperature is less the equilibrium temperature. The behavior of exothermic flow of CO_2 therefore must be experimentally verified.
Mitigation of PEM Fuel Cell Electrolyte Degradation with Metal Oxide/Nafion Nanofiber Interlayers (2014)

A new nanofiber-network material enriched with cerium oxide nanoparticles (NFCeO x ) has been developed as radical trap at the membrane electrode interface. Mitigation properties of NFCeO x , oriented to the anode side and to the cathode side, were investigated in in situ OCV hold test conditions at low relative humidity (50 %) and high temperature (90 °C). The results of OCV hold testing under these conditions show that whereas MEAs integrating non-modified Nafion ® -212, show a marked drop in OCV with time, and end of life at < 200 hours, an MEA comprising a NFCeO x at the anode side gave very stable OCV and a lifetime close to 1000 hours. Post mortem analysis of aged MEAs indicated lower degree of degradation for a membrane protected by NFCeO x than for the reference material. These results are in agreement with OCV profile and fluoride emission rate.
Abstract 12970: Association of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Social Determinants of Health and Medicare Hospitalizations for Ischemic Stroke (2019)

Introduction: Social determinants of health (SDH) are important risk factors for consideration in determining health outcomes but have yet to be linked to ischemic stroke outcomes. This study exami...
Impact of narrow optical filtering on 200-Gbit/s DP-16-QAM long-haul optical transmission (2011)

The effect of optical band-pass filtering on 200-Gbit/s DP-16-QAM systems is investigated for different pulse shapes, SSMF and LEAF. The results show the detrimental effect of optical filtering in the nonlinear tolerance for RZ50 and NRZ.
In-line coupling capillary electrochromatography with amperometric detection for analysis of explosive compounds (2000)

Amperometric detection at a bare gold electrode has been in-line coupled with capillary electrochromatography (CEC) for analysis of nitroaromatic and nitroamine explosives in contaminated soils and ground water. The CEC column packed with 3 μm C18 particles performed best using a mobile phase containing 70—80% methanol, 30 or 20% water, 5 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 10mM 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES). In contrast, the separation column packed with 1.5 μm C18 particles exhibited the best separation when only 30% methanol was added to a mobile phase containing 70% water, 7 mM SDS, and 10 mM MES. The detection, based on electrochemical reduction of the explosives (−0.7 or −1 V vs. Ag/AgCl, depending upon the level of methanol in the mobile phase), was compatible with such mobile phases. The detection limits for 13 explosives ranged from 100 to 200 ppb, i.e., about twofold better than those obtained with electrokinetic chromatography (EKC)/amperometric detection. From an operational viewpoint, exhaustive column conditioning was a prerequisite and care should be taken to prevent bubble formation and current breakdown during the course of separation. The CEC column equipped with amperometric detection successfully measured explosives in ground water and extracts prepared from contaminated soils and the results obtained agreed well with those of the U.S. Environmental protection Agency (EPA) method.
Insights into the Localization and Function of the Membrane Trafficking Regulator GNOM ARF-GEF at the Golgi Apparatus in<i>Arabidopsis</i>  (2014)

GNOM is one of the most characterized membrane trafficking regulators in plants, with crucial roles in development. GNOM encodes an ARF-guanine nucleotide exchange factor (ARF-GEF) that activates small GTPases of the ARF (ADP ribosylation factor) class to mediate vesicle budding at endomembranes. The crucial role of GNOM in recycling of PIN auxin transporters and other proteins to the plasma membrane was identified in studies using the ARF-GEF inhibitor brefeldin A (BFA). GNOM, the most prominent regulator of recycling in plants, has been proposed to act and localize at so far elusive recycling endosomes. Here, we report the GNOM localization in context of its cellular function in Arabidopsis thaliana. State-of-the-art imaging, pharmacological interference, and ultrastructure analysis show that GNOM predominantly localizes to Golgi apparatus. Super-resolution confocal live imaging microscopy identified GNOM and its closest homolog GNOM-like 1 at distinct subdomains on Golgi cisternae. Short-term BFA treatment stabilizes GNOM at the Golgi apparatus, whereas prolonged exposures results in GNOM translocation to trans-Golgi network (TGN)/early endosomes (EEs). Malformed TGN/EE in gnom mutants suggests a role for GNOM in maintaining TGN/EE function. Our results redefine the subcellular action of GNOM and reevaluate the identity and function of recycling endosomes in plants.