gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Central noradrenergic neurons: a locus for the functional interplay between alpha-2 adrenoceptors and opiate receptors. (1982)

The locus coeruleus (LC) contains the largest clusters of noradrenergic neurons in the brain. Single-cell recordings in rats show that LC neurons can be inhibited by clonidine acting via alpha-2 adrenoceptors; morphine and opiate peptides are also inhibitory but act via separate opiate receptors. During states of opiate withdrawal LC neurons become hyperactive; under these conditions clonidine can normalize activity via alpha-2 adrenoceptors even when opiate receptors are blocked. These single-cell studies provide a possible mechanism for the clinical efficacy of clonidine in relieving the signs and symptoms of opiate withdrawal in human addicts.
Folate and Folate−PEG−PAMAM Dendrimers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Targeted Anticancer Drug Delivery Potential in Tumor Bearing Mice (2008)

Ligand-mediated targeting of drugs especially in anticancer drug delivery is an effective approach. Dendrimers, due to unique surface topologies, can be a choice in this context. In the present study, PAMAM (polyamidoamine) dendrimers up to fourth generation were synthesized and characterized through infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometric, and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) techniques. Primary amines present on the dendritic surface were conjugated through folic acid and folic acid-PEG (poly(ethylene glycol))-NHS (N-hydroxysuccinimide) conjugates. Tumor in mice was induced through the use of KB cell culture. Prepared dendritic conjugates were evaluated for the anticancer drug delivery potential using 5-FU (5-fluorouracil) in tumor-bearing mice. Approximately 31% of 5-FU was loaded in folate-PEG-dendritic conjugates. Results indicated that folate-PEG-dendrimer conjugate was significantly safe and effective in tumor targeting compared to a non-PEGylated formulation. Tailoring of dendrimers via PEG-folic acid reduced hemolytic toxicity, which led to a sustained drug release pattern as well as highest accumulation in the tumor area.
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 4/2016 (2016)

Back Cover: Potential uses in full-color displays and back-lighting units for liquid crystal displays are described. We fabricated white-light-emitting, electrospun PEO sheets containing a hyperbranched conjugated polymer (HBP), which has the unique property of exhibiting a variety of fluorescence colors, leading to easy manipulation of the emission colors of the PEO sheets by simple variation of the HBP concentrations in the PEO. Further details can be found in the article by J. Kim, and T. S. Lee* on page 303.
On Caching Search Engine Results (1999)

In this paper we explore the problem of Caching of Search Engine Query Results in order to reduce the computing and I/O requirements needed to support the functionality of a search engine of the world-wide web. Based on traces from search engines we show that there is significant locality in the queries asked, that is, 20-30% of the queries have been previously submitted by the same or a different user. Using trace-driven simulation we show that medium-sized caches can hold most of the frequently-submitted queries. Finally, we propose and evaluate a new cache replacement algorithm named LRU-2S, that takes into account both the frequency and the recency of access to a page when making a replacement decision.
Use of Turbulence Stimulation on Ship Models (2018)

In ship model testing the length based Reynolds number will be in the order of 100 times smaller than in full scale. As a consequence ship models often operates in the transition zone between laminar and turbulent flow. Thus, the boundary layer flow inmodel tests may well be partly or completely laminar if no turbulence stimulation device is applied, as opposed to a fully turbulent flow which is the case in full scale conditions. Hence, to provide a reliable extrapolation of model scale results to full scale, the need for turbulence stimulation in ship model testing is evident.\n\nVarious turbulence stimulation techniques are in use today. The most frequently used methods in ship model testing are tripwires, studs, sand strips and, to a limited extent, the Hama strip. Turbulence stimulation is today applied on a routine basis, largely based on assumptions and research conducted decades ago. The scope of this report is to both theoretically and experimentally provide a modern and scientific study on the field of turbulence stimulation in ship model testing.\n\nTo provide such a study a theoretical description of the laminar-turbulent transition and the role of turbulence stimulation in this context was carried out. In addition ship model experiments with the purpose of investigating any discrepancies in measured total resistance by the use of various turbulence stimulation techniques were performed. \n\nThe main parameters affecting laminar-turbulent transition are pressure gradient,wall roughness and background turbulence. Among these, only the wall roughness may be manipulated to cause an earlier transition in ship model testing. Test results indicate that all tested stimulation techniques are effective in generating turbulence at speeds relevant for ship models, when an appropriate roughness height is applied. Certain discrepancies in measured resistance between the stimulation techniques are evident over the entire speed range. Due to a good correlation with theoretical calculations, this discrepancy is believed to originate from differences in induced drag by each stimulation method.\n\nRegarding placement of turbulence stimulation, some deviation from the recommended\nprocedures seems to be suitable, depending on the model size. For a large ship model (5 m
Isolation and characterization of a human nonspecific suppressor factor from ascitic fluid of systemic lupus erythematosus. Evidence for a human counterpart of the monoclonal nonspecific suppressor factor and relationship to the T cell receptor alpha-chain. (1994)

The monoclonal nonspecific suppressor factor (MNSF) is a lymphokine produced by a murine T cell hybridoma capable of suppressing Ab production by LPS-stimulated B cells. The existence of a human counterpart of MNSF, designated as the human nonspecific suppressor factor (hNSF), was likely because the anti-MNSF mAb (MO6) recognizes a similar suppressive activity in supernatants of Con A-stimulated human PBMC. By using the MO6 mAb, we investigated the presence of hNSF in the ascitic fluid of a patient with SLE. A small amount of cross-reactive hNSF was isolated from concentrated ascitic fluid fractionated with the MO6-affinity column, and a specific anti-hNSF mAb (P2) was produced. The hNSF eluted from the P2-affinity column could suppress up to 80% of the PWM-induced IgG production of human PBMC in a dose-dependent manner, even when added in late culture periods. Moreover, hNSF could inhibit proliferation of PBMC triggered by either PWM or Con A, which also implies an effect on T cells. On SDS-PAGE, the isolated hNSF resolved as a single peak of about 66 kDa and probably represents an aggregate of hydrophobic subunits. On reverse-phase HPLC, the bioactivity could be recovered from a single peak at 18.3 min. The suppression of IgG production induced by hNSF could be partly neutralized by preincubation with an anti-TCR-alpha mAb, whereas an anti-TCR-beta did not have any effect. Anti-TCR-alpha could also directly bind to the isolated nNSF, demonstrating some serologic relationship, as has been reported for several Ag-specific suppressor systems.
Highly Sensitive and Selective Spectroscopic Detection of Mercury(II) in Water by Using Pyridylporphyrin–DNA Conjugates (2012)

Single-labeled pyridylporphyrin-DNA conjugates are reported as highly sensitive and selective spectroscopic sensors for mercury(II) ions in water. The effects of chemical structure (thymine versus adenine), number of nucleotides (monomer versus octamer), and porphyrin metalation (Zn versus free base) on the sensitivity and selectivity of mercury(II) detection are explored. The results indicated that pyridylporphyrin rather than the nucleobase plays a crucial role in mercury(II) sensing, because porphyrin conjugates with both adenosine and thymidine exhibited excellent mercury(II) detection. Mercury(II) recognition was shown in emission quenching, as well as in a redshift of the porphyrin Soret band absorption. The limit of detection (LOD, 3σ/slope) of zinc(II) pyridylporphyrin-5'-oligodeoxythymidine (ZnPorT8) obtained by fluorescence quenching was calculated to be 21.14 nM. Other metal cations (Zn(2+), Cd(2+), Pb(2+), Mn(2+), Ca(2+), Ni(2+), Mg(2+), Fe(2+), Cu(2+), and Na(+)) did not interfere with the emission and absorption sensing of mercury(II). Free-base porphyrin-oligothymine conjugate 2HPorT8 displayed similar sensitivity to ZnPorT8 but different selectivity. The results also implied that the sensing properties of porphyrin-deoxythymidine conjugates could potentially be tuned by porphyrin metalation.
THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX OF THE RAT1 (1987)

Immunogenetic studies in the rat began with the investigation of blood group antigens (1-7) and evolved into the investigation of histocompatibility antigens and transplantation phenomena (8-17). In the course of this work, several nomenclature systems evolved that were eventually reconciled in a series of comparison studies (18-24). The biennial Workshops on Alloantigenc Systems in the Rat held under the aegis of the Transplantation Society (24) have provided the forum for the continued evolution of this field. In addition, several reviews (24-31) and books (32-35) have provided periodic summaries of different aspects of rat immunogenetics. This review will focus on the structure of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)*of the rat from the serological, biochemical, and molecular points of view.
Midazolam in Paediatric Anaesthesia (1982)

Midazolam was given intravenously to 100 children over the age of 8 years to induce anaesthesia and a similar control group was anaesthetised with diazepam. The actions of midazolam in children were found to be similar to those of diazepam. Midazolam acted more quickly in children than has been reported in adults. The effects on the circulation and respiration, and the incidence of postoperative amnesia were similar in children to that which has been reported in adults. The incidence of postoperative vomiting after midazolam was 1% in the recovery room and 32% during the first two postoperative days. Laboratory investigations did not demonstrate any adverse effects. Midazolam has a considerable advantage over diazepam being water soluble and injectable safely without dilution. This clinical trial suggests that midazolam is a satisfactory induction agent for children.
Power Supplies, Switching Regulators, Inverters and Converters (1984)

Regulated power supplies are an indispensible part of every electronic system, and yet they are often a mystery even to many professionals. This hands-on guide to design, applications and operation aims to clarify these components. This edition has been updated to cover new IC technology, low-voltage logic devices and one-watt power supplies for ISDN equipment.
Determination of 3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxymandelic Acid (VMA) in Urine by Thin-Layer Chromatography (1965)

Abstract From studies of several variables, a method has been developed for the separation and quantitation of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) in urine by thin-layer chromatography. The urine is pretreated with acid and Florisil, and then extracted with ethyl acetate. Thin-layer chromatography is performed on silica gel with a butanol: acetic acid:water solution. The VMA spot is located by spraying with fast red GG and potassium carbonate. After removal from the plate, maximum color is developed and quantitated by reading in a spectrophotometer at 510 mµ.
A note on the mode of action of the systemic fungicide tridemorph (1974)

Abstract The effects of the systemic fungicide tridemorph on fungal and plant protoplasts have been investigated. No evidence of reaction at the plasma‐membrane was revealed by microelectrophoresis. The fungicide did not affect oxygen uptake by fungal protoplasts but incorporation of labelled histidine was reduced. Fungi‐toxicity tests showed that tridemorph had little effect on spore germination but inhibited mycelial growth. It is suggested that the fungicide may act by interfering with the synthesis of proteins essential for hyphal extension.
Time-dependent quantum transport far from equilibrium: An exact nonlinear response theory (2006)

In this work, we present a theory to calculate the time-dependent current flowing through an arbitrary noninteracting nanoscale phase-coherent device connected to arbitrary noninteracting external leads, in response to sharp step- and square-shaped voltage pulses. Our analysis is based on the Keldysh nonequilibrium Green's-functions formalism, and provides an exact analytical solution to the transport equations in the far from equilibrium, nonlinear response regime. However, the essential feature of our solution is that it does not rely on the commonly used wideband approximation where the coupling between device scattering region and leads is taken to be independent of energy, and as such provides a way to perform transient transport calculations from first principles on realistic systems, taking into account the detailed electronic structure of the device scattering region and the leads. We then perform a model calculation for a quantum dot with Lorentzian linewidth and show how interesting finite-bandwidth effects arise in the time-dependent current dynamics.
Hybrid Fuel Cell – Battery Powered System for Long Duration Flight (2015)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have received considerable attention in many civilian and military fields. Performing environmental monitoring, and surveying applications have very specific constraints on power, cost, weight, and flight endurance. Because of the limited flight duration of electric UAVs that are powered by only batteries, this paper proposed the development of a new power system for long endurance UAVs propulsion application. This power system consists of a fuel cell stack, a pack of Lithium-ion batteries, and a DC-DC buck converter. Normally, using Jacobian linearization via a Taylor series expansion at the nominal operating point cannot achieve satisfactory dynamic performance under sudden changes in the loads. Therefore, nonlinear dynamic models of both the fuel cell and the Lithium-ion battery are developed. The structure of buck converter is also studied and its different parts are introduced. A buck converter optimized PID controller is designed to convert the stack voltage into standard DC and to achieve a satisfactory transient behavior. This PID controller is tuned by the gradient descend multi-parameter-optimization technique. The proposed system is modeled and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software. Simulation results showed that a hybrid combination of hydrogen fuel cells and Lithium-ion batteries can fulfill the requirements of a long endurance UAV power source and verified the capability of the designed system to maintain the output voltage constant under sudden changes in the loads.
Characterization of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases of Rat Tissues (1971)

Abstract Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase has been prepared from the liver, skeletal muscle, heart muscle, kidney, epididymal fat pad, and brain cortex of the rat. Kinetic analysis indicated that all of these tissues, with the exception of liver exhibit complex behavior indicative of multiple enzymatic activities. The phosphodiesterase activities of brain cortex, kidney, and adipose tissue have been resolved on Bio-Gel A-1.5m gel filtration columns into three fractions. These are an excluded fraction, a high molecular weight fraction in which the enzymatic affinity for cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate is greater than that for cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, and a lower molecular weight fraction with a high affinity for cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. The lower molecular weight enzyme appears to be negatively cooperative. The muscle preparations have little, if any, of the excluded fraction which in kidney, adipose tissue, and brain has kinetic behavior similar to that of the lower molecular weight enzyme. Liver has no detectable phosphodiesterase activity in any except the intermediate fraction which has a molecular weight of approximately 400,000. This enzymatic activity has been purified 88-fold by centrifugation, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and gel filtration. The potential for metabolic control through regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase is discussed in view of the existence of at least two distinct enzymatic activities in all of tissues studied except the liver.
Influenza pharmacotherapy: present situation, strategies and hopes (2011)

Current anti-influenza drug research is no longer tied solely to viral envelope protein targets like haemagglutinin and neuraminidase. New drugs act on the viral RNA polymerase complex, which is involved in transcription and replication of the viral genome, and can prevent the maturation, replication and dissemination of numerous viral subtypes. Combating this infection and reducing the duration of symptoms also has important socioeconomic implications related to health-care spending (including hospitalization for complications) and sick-leave pay for workers.
Lithographic film circuits – a review (2001)

Conductive lithographic films (CLF) are an emerging fabrication process for electronic interconnect and a range of passive component structures. This paper reviews the manufacture, properties and applications of CLF conductors, and discusses other lithographically deposited electronic materials including resistive, dielectric and ferrite films. Recent developments in CLF technology, including multilayer structures and concurrent printing of interconnect with printed passive components, are presented.
Lead-Induced Inclusion Bodies: Composition and Probable Role in Lead Metabolism (1974)

Lead-induced inclusion bodies in renal tubular cells of rats have been studied in vitro after isolation by differential centrifugation. The inclusion bodies are insoluble in physiological media but may be dissolved in denaturants like 6M urea and sodium deoxycholate. They contain about 40-50 mug of lead/mg protein, but only about 10% of this is tightly bound. They also contain calcium, iron, zinc, copper, and cadmium. The protein is rich in glutamic and aspartic acids, glycine and cystine. When dissolved in 6M urea, the protein migrates as a single band on acrylamide gel electrophoresis and has a molecular weight of 27,500. It is suggested that the inclusion bodies function as an intracellular depot of nondiffusible lead. Further studies have been directed toward finding a free, unaggregated lead-containing protein fraction. Nuclear proteins from kidneys of lead-toxic rats were separated into NaCl-, Tris-, and NaOH-soluble fractions and an insoluble acidic fraction. A quantitatively small lead-containing protein was found in the 0.14M NaCl fraction. Amino acid composition, electrophoretic mobility, molecular weight, and ability to bind lead are similar to those of insoluble inclusion body protein. The possible role of this soluble lead-binding protein in the formation of nuclear inclusion bodies is at present time not certain. These studies do suggest, however, that protein-bound lead in renal tubular cells may be partitioned between insoluble and nondiffusible morphologically discrete inclusion bodies and a soluble, extractable fraction which is presumably diffusable.
Lactams of sparteine (1985)

(2,2- 2 H 2 )Sparteine, (6- 2 H)sparteine, (10,10- 2 H 2 )sparteine, (15,15- 2 H 2 )sparteine, (17α- 2 H)sparteine, (17β- 2 H)sparteine, (17,17- 2 H 2 )sparteine, (17α- 2 H)lupanine, and (17β- 2 H)lupanine were prepared and employed to assign the 1 H nmr spectrum of sparteine. Contrary to a published report, photochemical oxidation of sparteine does not lead to 15-oxosparteine but to 17-oxosparteine.
Application of DSM-based process reengineering in multidisciplinary cooperative design (2005)

This paper presents a method of matrix application to the multidisciplinary cooperative design for complex products. Based on classifying the interdependency relationship between different design activities and describing the definition & types of DSM (design structure matrix), the design flow diagram is illustrated by the matrix of DSM. Then a new DSM is gained by analyzing and partitioning the original DSM, at the same time, a new information flow and design flow diagram of reducing the coupled activities is proposed. Finally, the discussions and conclusions for the application of DSM in multidisciplinary cooperative design process are given at the end of this paper.
A NOTE ON THE JEREMY COLLIER STAGE CONTROVERSY (1971)

A NOTE ON THE JEREMY COLLIER STAGE CONTROVERSY GRAHAM D. HARLEY GRAHAM D. HARLEY University of Aberdeen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 18, Issue 2, February 1971, Pages 44–46, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/18-2-44 Published: 01 February 1971
Conformational features of acyclonucleosides: structure of acyclovir, an antiherpes agent (1984)

Crystals of acyclovir belong to the space group P2 1 /n, and the cell dimensions are a = 25.459(1), b = 11.282 (1), c = 10.768(1) Å, β = 95.16(1)°. Intensity data were measured on a diffractometer and the structure was determined by direct methods. The asymmetric unit was found to contain three independent molecules of acyclovir and two molecules of water. Least-squares refinement, which included all hydrogen atoms, converged at R = 0.053 for 3970 observed reflections. In two of the molecules the side chain is partially folded, while in the third one it is fully extended. The glycosidic torsion angles are in the range 91.4–104.3°. The conformational features are compared with those in other known acyclonucleosides. They are also examined in relation to the behavior of acyclonucleosides and acyclonucleotides in various enzymatic systems, including those related to antiviral activities.
Prognostic Value of Ki67 Expression After Short-Term Presurgical Endocrine Therapy for Primary Breast Cancer (2007)

Tumor expression of the proliferation antigen Ki67 is widely used to assess the prognosis of cancer patients. A change in the expression of Ki67 after short-term exposure of patients to therapeutic agents is frequently used as a pharmacodynamic marker of efficacy, particularly among breast cancer patients before undergoing surgery. To determine the clinical significance of the level of tumor cell proliferation during endocrine therapy for breast cancer, we measured the expression of Ki67 in tumor biopsy samples taken before and after 2 weeks of presurgical treatment with anastrozole or tamoxifen or the combination of anastrozole plus tamoxifen in 158 patients with hormone receptor-positive primary disease. In a multivariable analysis, we found that higher Ki67 expression after 2 weeks of endocrine therapy was statistically significantly associated with lower recurrence-free survival (P = .004) whereas higher Ki67 expression at baseline was not. Larger baseline tumor size and lower estrogen receptor level after 2 weeks of treatment were also statistically significantly associated with poorer recurrence-free survival (P < .001 and P = .04, respectively). Our data indicate that measurements of tumor Ki67 level after short-term endocrine treatment may improve the prediction of recurrence-free survival by integrating the prognostic value of Ki67 level at baseline with changes in Ki67 level that are associated with treatment benefit.