gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bicyclic Sulfonium Salts with Sulfur at a Bridgehead<sup>1</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBicyclic Sulfonium Salts with Sulfur at a Bridgehead1RICHARD H. EASTMAN and GENE KRITCHEVSKYCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 10, 1428–1432Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01092a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01092a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient and provably secure ciphers for storage device block level encryption (2005)

Block ciphers generally have fixed and relatively small input length. Thus they are often used in some mode of operations (e.g., ECB, CBC, CFB, and CTR) that enables the encryption of longer messages. Unfortunately, all these modes of operation reveal some information on their inputs or on relationships between different inputs. As an example, in the CBC mode, encrypting two messages with an identical prefix will result in identical initial blocks in the ciphertexts. Due to the well-known birthday attack and the small input length, the CBC mode becomes less secure as the number of data blocks to be encrypted increases. This leads to a challenging task, namely to design schemes for storage device block or sector level data encryption that are efficient and do not have the disadvantages mentioned above. In this paper, we propose an efficient cipher whose data/cipher blocks can be specified flexibly to match the length of a block unit for current and foreseeable future storage devices. We show that our encryption scheme is provably secure under the assumption that the underlying one-way hash function is a random function.
Chemical Chaperones Enhance Superantigen and Conventional Antigen Presentation by HLA-DM-Deficient as well as HLA-DM-Sufficient Antigen-Presenting Cells and Enhance IgG2a Production In Vivo (1998)

Chemical chaperones, first defined in studies of mutant cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator proteins, are small molecules that act as stabilizers of proteins in their native state and have the ability in some cases to rescue protein-folding mutants within cells. HLA-DM is an MHC II-specific molecular chaperone that facilitates peptide loading onto MHC II proteins and also stabilizes empty MHC II molecules prior to their acquisition of antigenic peptides. APC that lack HLA-DM exhibit quantitative defects in protein Ag as well as superantigen presentation. Here we show that both the superantigen and protein presentation defect in MHC II-transfected, HLA-DM-deficient T2 cells can be partially overcome by treating the APC with the chemical chaperones glycerol, DMSO, or trimethylamine oxide. These chemical chaperones also enhance superantigen and conventional Ag presentation by wild-type APC. In vivo, glycerol was found to act as an adjuvant and resulted in enhanced IgG2a production to trinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (TNP-KLH). In vitro, the enhancement of Ag presentation by chemical chaperones was found to take place at the level of the APC and took several hours to develop. Subcellular fractionation experiments show that HLA-DM enhances presentation of peptides by dense endosome fractions whereas chemical chaperones enhance presentation by light membrane fractions (early endosome or plasma membrane). The mechanism by which these chemical chaperones augment Ag presentation is not defined, but flow cytometric analysis suggests that the enhancement may be due to a subtle effect on the stability of several different proteins at the cell surface.
Modeling of nanostructured polymer-metal composite for thermal interface material applications (2009)

Previous studies have discovered a unique type of nanostructured polymer-metal composite for thermal interface material with effective thermal conductivity of 8 W/mK. It is a promising result but extensive efforts are still required to further enhance the thermal conductivity. Therefore, this paper will try to help the process with modeling and simulation. Calculations reveal the alignment of the fibers have insignificant influence. Therefore volume percentages of fiber together with mean interface temperature become the dominating parameters of effective thermal conductivities of thermal interface material. Based on this approximation, simulation was taken which showed good results in comparison with experimental data. However, the preferred volume percentage of fibers (33%) was slightly too large according to the surface image of thermal interface material.
Pre-marital pregnancy in Shanghai. (1997)

This article presents some findings from a survey conducted on premarital pregnancy in Shanghai, China. The sample includes five urban districts and rural counties. The survey was conducted in hospitals by gynecologists and obstetricians. Premarital pregnancy creates three options: to become a single-parent mother, to get married, or to abort the pregnancy. Unwed motherhood is not culturally acceptable to most people. Chinese women are uncomfortable talking about sex, which was why the target population included about 1111 pregnant women seeking hospital prenatal services and 727 unmarried women seeking hospital abortions. Findings indicate an earlier age of sexual experience. Educated women and manual workers accepted abortion more than women with a lesser education. 75% of women seeking an abortion were not well prepared for marriage. Almost 66% of the sample had never used any kind of contraception. Well-educated women, skilled female workers, and women with a Shanghai residence were more likely to have practiced contraception than poorly educated women, manual workers, and female migrants. Frequency of sexual intercourse was unrelated to contraceptive use. 90% of the women who were pregnant and nonusers of contraception lacked information on contraception. Women with better sex education were more likely to be contraceptive users. Marriage after pregnancy increased among older women. It is recommended that women be given more exposure to sex education and education on health risks and responsible parenting.
Diamonds, Eclogites, and the Oxidation State of the Earth's Mantle (1993)

The reaction dolomite + 2 coesite --><-- diopside + 2 diamond + 2O(2) defines the coexistence of diamond and carbonate in mantle eclogites. The oxygen fugacity of this reaction is approximately 1 log unit higher at a given temperature and pressure than the oxygen fugacities of the analogous reactions that govern the stability of diamond in peridotite. This difference allows diamond-bearing eclogite to coexist with peridotite containing carbonate or carbonate + diamond. This potential coexistence of diamond-bearing eclogite and carbonate-bearing peridotite can explain the presence of carbon-free peridotite interlayered with garnet pyroxenites that contain graphitized diamond in the Moroccan Beni Bousera massif at the Earth's surface and the preferential preservation of diamond-bearing eclogitic relative to peridotitic xenoliths in the Roberts Victor kimberlite.
Challenges and possibilities of intravascular cell therapy in stroke (2009)

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in Western countries and more importantly a leading cause of adult disability. The recovery process of stroke patients might be enhanced by intensive rehabilitation, which acts through brain plasticity mechanisms. Restorative approaches such as cell-based therapies are clinically appealing as it might be possible to help patients even when treatment is initiated days or weeks after the ischemic insult. An extensive number of experimental transplantation studies have been conducted with cells of different origins (e.g., embryonic stem, fetal neural stem, human umbilical cord blood) with promising results. Noninvasive intravascular administration of cells, which provides a broad distribution of cells to the close proximity of ischemic tissue, has perhaps the most immediate access to clinical applications. However, surprisingly little is known about whole body biodistribution of intravascularly administered cells and mechanisms leading to improved functional recovery. This review examines the recent literature concerning intravascular cell-based therapies in experimental stroke.
Isolation of Nivalenol and Fusarenon-X from Pressed Barley Culture by Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (1988)

Abstract A method for the production and isolation of gram quantities of nivalenol and fusarenon-X, trichothecene mycotoxins, is presented. Fusarium graminearum F-1465 was inoculated and cultured on the pressed barley, and the cultured product was extracted with acetonitrile. The crude extracts were subjected to silica gel column chromatography and then to centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) using two-phase solvent system n-butanol/water and chloroform/methanol/water. The simple procedures were advantageous for the large scale purification of two toxins from cultured pressed barley medium because it was more time and yield effective. Starting from 1 Kg of the pressed barley substrate, 0.34 g of crystalline nivalenol (purity 103%) was obtained by recrystallization of CPC fraction from hot methanol and 0.78 g of fusarenon-X (purity 77%) was obtained directly from CPC fraction by evaporating to dryness.
Review: M*A*S*H by Robert Altman (1970)

Book Review| April 01 1970 Review: M*A*S*H by Robert Altman M*A*S*HRobert Altman William Johnson William Johnson Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Film Quarterly (1970) 23 (3): 38–41. https://doi.org/10.2307/1210380 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation William Johnson; Review: M*A*S*H by Robert Altman. Film Quarterly 1 April 1970; 23 (3): 38–41. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/1210380 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentFilm Quarterly Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1969 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Disorders of Pigmentation (2009)

Skin color is highly individual and the variations are controlled by numerous genes. The different skin colors result from the size and number of melanosomes and do not mirror the amount of melanocytes. Disorders of pigmentation can result from migration abnormalities of melanocytes from the neural crest to the skin during embryogenesis. In addition, impairment of melanosome transfer to the surrounding keratinocytes, an alteration in melanin synthesis and a defective degradation or removal of melanin may lead to abnormal skin pigmentation. Immunologic or toxic mediated destructions of melanocytes can end in pigmentation disorders. Disorders of pigmentation are classified in hypo- or hyperpigmentation which can occur as a genetic or acquired disease. They can manifest locally or diffuse. Congenital hypopigmentation can be restricted to the skin as in piebaldism or they represent a systemic disease as in Menkes disease or phenylketonuria. Localized hypo- or hyperpigmentation in children may serve as markers for systemic diseases. Ash-leaf hypopigmentation are characteristic for tuberous sclerosis and more than 5 café-au-lait spots suggest neurofibromatosis 1 (von Recklinghausen disease). The most common autoimmune-induced depigmentation is vitiligo. Generalized hyperpigmentation only rarely reflects a primary genetic disorder but is most often from acquired diseases as in Addison disease, secondary hemochromatosis or primary biliary cirrhosis. Treatment of pigmentation disorders are based on a diagnosis which sometimes allow a specific intervention. Cosmetically acceptable results are difficult to obtain.
Input Scheme for Hindi Using Phonetic Mapping (2012)

Written Communication on Computers requires knowledge of writing text for the desired language using Computer. Mostly people do not use any other language besides English. This creates a barrier. To resolve this issue we have developed a scheme to input text in Hindi using phonetic mapping scheme. Using this scheme we generate intermediate code strings and match them with pronunciations of input text. Our system show significant success over other input systems available.
Spin-polarized light-emitting diodes and lasers (2007)

Spin-polarized light sources are a new class of devices in which the radiative recombination of spin-polarized carriers results in luminescence exhibiting a net circular polarization. The operation principles and design of spin-polarized light sources are discussed. A comprehensive review of experimental work on spin-polarized light-emitting diodes and surface-emitting lasers is provided, concluding with a discussion of future prospects.
[A study of prostaglandine E(2) level in root canal fluid of patients with periapical lesions] (1994)

It has been reported that there is close relationship between prostaglandine E(PGE) and the pathogenesis of periapical lesions, In this study the root canal fluid(RCF) of 35 cases with acute,chronic and convalescent periradicular lesions were collected with assessed by the method of radioimmunoassay.The results showed:RCF-PGE(2) levels were increased with the severity of periapical lesion(P<0.01).The PGE level was highest in acute periradicular lesions,middle in chronic,and lowest in convalescent.RCF-PGE(2) levels were significantly different between either two groups of the three groups of patients(P<0.01-0.05).This study repeatedly proved that PGE(2) has certain effect in pathogenesis of periapical lesions and it is meaningful in guiding clinical therapy.It was also pointed out that RCF is one of worthwhile samples in the study of periradicular lesion.
Mechanical issues in vascular grafting: a review. (1992)

Despite intensive research, the success of artificial small-diameter vascular grafts has yet to match that of natural grafts like the saphenous vein. One of the possible reasons is mechanical mismatch of the graft to the host vessel. The study of compliance (dilatability under pressure) has not been conclusive, especially after a series of recent investigations on vein graft evolution. Lately, the focus has been shifting towards more detailed characteristics, like anastomic behaviour, longitudinal elasticity, and flow-related variables. When the relevant property is identified, it should be included in the criteria for design and use of vascular prostheses.
Tumour necrosis factor-alpha but not interleukin-1 induces polymorphonuclear leucocyte migration through fibroblast layers by a fibroblast-dependent mechanism. (1991)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) both induce polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMNL) infiltration into tissues and they have a synergistic action in this respect. We and others have observed that IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha induce 51Cr-labelled PMNL migration across monolayers of umbilical vein endothelium via an endothelial cell-dependent mechanism. Here we investigated the interaction of PMNL with fibroblasts, since PMNL probably encounter such cells in many tissues once they traverse the vascular wall. TNF-alpha, but not IL-1 alpha, was found to activate fibroblast monolayers, grown on polycarbonate filters, to stimulate PMNL transfibroblast migration. This was a time- and fibroblast-dependent process which required fibroblast protein synthesis, as indicated by inhibition with cycloheximide. The effect of TNF-alpha was not related to fibroblast chemotactic factor production (primarily IL-8), or to ICAM-1 up-regulation, since IL-1 was as active as TNF-alpha in this respect, without activating fibroblasts to support PMNL transfibroblast migration. Antiserum to IL-8, present during the assay, did not inhibit PMNL migration across the monolayers. The PMNL migration was highly dependent on the function of both CD11a (LFA-1) and CD11b (MAC-1) PMNL adhesion molecules, since monoclonal antibodies to either inhibited migration by about 80%. The results suggest a distinct activation by TNF-alpha of fibroblasts to facilitate PMNL migration through fibroblast barriers. These findings may in part account for the synergistic action of IL-1 and TNF-alpha in inducing extravascular accumulation of PMNL during inflammation.
Volumetric Error Correction in Coordinate Measurement (2006)

The paper presents a general error model for coordinate measuring machine is given. To demonstrate the generalaty of the mode lit is applied to a coordinate measuring machine. Description of the calibration for determining the error map of the measurin volume is given. In order obtain continouosdescription of the error a regression spline volume is fitted to the discrete values.
An In-Vitro Optical Sensor Designed to Estimate Glycated Hemoglobin Levels (2018)

The purpose of this research was to design an optical sensor for evaluating glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) percentages in hemoglobin. The A1c sensors available in the market use invasive methods, while our device offers the possibility of non-invasive monitoring of HbA1c levels in diabetic patients. A prototype is assembled using two light emitting diodes with peak emission wavelengths of 535 nm and 593 nm, a photodiode, and a microcontroller. The proposed sensor measures the transmitted intensity in the form of an output voltage. We devise an approach to estimate the percentage of HbA1c in hemoglobin for a given solution. This estimation is based on the relative change in absorbance due to change in path length and molar absorption coefficients of hemoglobin and HbA1c, at the two wavelengths. We calculate the molar absorption coefficient of HbA1c at 535 nm and 593 nm wavelengths using the sensor, which is performed by a multiple variable regression analysis algorithm fed through the microcontroller. Specifically, the sensor output voltage with respect to the sample concentration is fitted to an exponentially decaying equation model. We used a commercial chemical assay called Control FD Glycohemoglobin A1c with known percentage HbA1c levels to verify our device measurements.
Laboratory Bioassay for Phytotoxicity (2001)

Allelopathy involves complex plant × plant chemical interactions. Although a large number of laboratory bioassays have proposed to demonstrate allelopathy, most of them have little or no relevance in terms of explaining behavior in the field. In this paper, we discuss the phytotoxicity of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) straw leachate to the seedling growth of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.). The objective of this study was to discuss the significance of (i) soil, (ii) leachate concentrations in bioassays of plant debris and soil, (iii) the role of N fertilizer in overcoming plant growth inhibition, (iv) organic molecules in plant inhibition, and (v) actual assay species. The results show the phytotoxic nature of wheat straw leachate (WSL) and the possible involvement of organic molecules in the growth inhibition of perennial ryegrass. However, laboratory studies can not demonstrate allelopathy as the sole factor responsible for the observed growth inhibition.
Organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) and structurally integrated photoluminescence based chemical and biological sensors excited by OLEDs (2005)

A new platform for luminescent chemical and biological sensors, integrating the excitation source, an OLED, with the sensing component, is described. The utility of the platform is demonstrated for an oxygen sensor and its potential is demonstrated for antibody-antigen immunoassays. The oxygen sensor is operable in two modes, i.e., photoluminescence (PL) intensity mode and lifetime mode, where changes in the PL intensity and lifetime, respectively, are correlated with the oxygen level. In the life time mode, the need for sensor calibration, which remains a challenge in real-world sensing applications, is eliminated. Attributes and issues related to sensor performance, including design and stability, are discussed.
Table frame line detection in low quality document images based on Hough transform (2014)

Table detection is of importance in the field of document images analysis and processing, especially table frame line detection. Although a great success has been achieved for high quality images during the past decade, table detection in low quality images still remains a challenge. To address this problem, we proposed a neoteric method to detect table frame line automatically in low quality document images. Firstly, Radon transform is adopted to detect skew of document images and then correct it. Secondly, run length smoothing algorithm (RLSA) is used to extract the lines longer than a predefined threshold. Thirdly, we locate table regions according to table features and detect frame lines of the detected tables using Hough transform method. The experimental results show that this method could obtain a better performance even in the low quality document images compared to the conventional method.
Enhancement of p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Activity by Phosphorylated Glia Maturation Factor (1996)

We previously demonstrated that glia maturation factor (GMF), a 17-kDa brain protein, can be phosphorylated in test tube by several protein kinases, and that endogenous GMF is rapidly phosphorylated upon stimulation of astrocytes by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. We further observed that protein kinase A (PKA)-phosphorylated GMF is a potent inhibitor (IC50 = 3 nM) of the ERK1/ERK2 (p44/p42) subfamily of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. We now report that, by contrast, PKA-phosphorylated GMF strongly enhances the activity of a related but distinct subfamily of MAP kinase, the p38 MAP kinase, showing an increase of 60-fold over baseline and an EC50 of 7 nM. Non-phosphorylated GMF or GMF phosphorylated by other kinases exhibits only minimal effect. The intracellular interaction of PKA, GMF, and p38 is supported by the phosphorylation of GMF upon cellular stimulation by forskolin (blocked by PKA inhibitor) and by the co-immunoprecipitation of p38 with GMF from cell lysates. Withdrawal of nerve growth factor from PC12 leads to increased GMF phosphorylation with a time course similar to that reported for p38 activation. The results correlate well with a previous report that ERK and p38 carry out opposing functions and implicate GMF as a regulator of major cellular events.