gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrostatically Controlled Organization of Carboxylic Acid Derivatized Colloidal Silver Particles on Amine-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayers (2000)

The formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of an aromatic bifunctional molecule, 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) on gold and the subsequent organization of carboxylic acid derivatized silver colloidal particles is described. Quartz crystal microgravimetry (QCM) measurements have been used to follow the formation of 4-ATP SAMs as well as electrostatic assembly of the colloidal silver particles on the SAM surface. It is shown that the electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged colloidal particle surface-bound carboxylic acid groups and the terminal amine groups in the SAM can be modulated by variation of the colloidal solution pH. This enables control over the surface coverage of the colloidal particles on the SAM surface with a maximum surface coverage of 18% being attained. The SAMs as well as the colloidal particle covered SAM films were further characterized with X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) measurements.
Study on modeling and time step in real time digital simulation of voltage sourced converter (2001)

The power system simulator is convenient for understanding the system characteristics, foreseeing the difficulty and conducting countermeasures, but the conventional analog type model is not flexible to evaluate the progressing apparatus, such as FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System), DESS (Dispersed Energy Storage System), etc. This paper develops the real time digital simulation model of the voltage sourced converter, which is sufficiently flexible to evaluate the power electronics apparatus. This paper also discusses about the relation between the accuracy of the output of the model and the calculation time-step, which become restriction in real time calculation. The evaluation of the accuracy is performed not only by the waveform itself but also by the frequency characteristics of the harmonics generated from the converter model. Moreover, this paper proposed to use Wavelet-transform to evaluate the accuracy of the output of the proposed model in the time-frequency domain. The obtained results show that the proposed real time digital simulation model can give appropriate output with high accuracy to the objective frequency area.
Turbulent mixing and entrainment in a stratied horizontal plane shear layer: joint velocitytemperature analysis of experimental data (2016)

Buoyancy effects on the turbulent mixing and entrainment processes were analysed in the case of a stratified plane shear layer between two horizontal air flows in conditions leading to relatively low values of the flux Richardson number (|Rif|max≃0.02|Rif|max≃0.02). Velocity and temperature measurements were made with a single xx-wire probe thermo-anemometry technique, using multi-overheat sequences to deliver simultaneous velocity-temperature data at high frequency. The spatial resolution was found to be fine enough, in relation to the dissipative scale and the thermal diffusive scale, to avoid false mixing enhancement in the analysis of the physical mechanisms through velocity-temperature coupling in statistical turbulence quantities. Probability density functions (PDFs) and joint probability density functions (JPDFs) were used to distinguish between the different mechanisms involved in turbulent mixing, namely entrainment, engulfing, nibbling and mixing, and point to the contribution of entrainment in the mixing process. When comparing an unstably stratified configuration to its stably stratified equivalent, no significant difference could be seen in the PDF and JPDF quantities, but a conditional analysis based on temperature thresholding enabled a separation between mixed fluid and two distinct sets of events associated with unmixed fluid entrained from the hot and cold sides of the mixing layer into the mixing layer. This separation allowed a direct calculation of the entrainment velocities on both sides of the mixing layer. A significant increase of the total entrainment could be seen in the case of unstably stratified configuration. The entrainment ratios were compared to their prediction by the Dimotakis model and both a rather good relevance of the model and some need for improvement were found from the comparison. It was hypothesised that the improvement should come from better taking into account the distinct contributions of nibbling and engulfing inside the process of entrainment and mixing.
Characterization of Al-Based High-<i>k</i> Stacked Dielectric Layers Deposited on 4H-SiC by Atomic Layer Deposition (2011)

Aluminum-based high-k dielectric materials have been studied for their potential use as passivation for SiC devices. Metal-insulator-semiconductor structures were prepared and their dielectric properties were analyzed using capacitance-voltage and current-voltage measurements. Atomic layer deposition was used for the deposition of dielectric layers consisting of AlN with or without a buffer layer of SiO2, and also a stack of alternating AlN and Al2O3 layers. It has been observed that AlN has a polycrystalline structure which provides leakage paths for the current through the grain boundaries. However, adding alternate amorphous layers of Al2O3 prevent this leakage and give better overall dielectric properties. It is also concluded that the breakdown of the dielectric starts from the degradation of the thin interfacial SiO2 layer.
The gene for a RING zinc finger protein is expressed in the chick inner ear after noise exposure (1998)

We used the technique of differential display of RNA to identify genes expressed in the chick auditory epithelium in response to acoustic trauma. In the course of these studies, we identified a partial cDNA (amplicon) derived from the 3 untranslated region of cRZF , a chicken gene encoding a zinc finger protein with a Cys 3 HisCys 4 (RING) motif that coordinates zinc. We identified and sequenced human RZF and mouse Rzf cDNAs encoding the mammalian homologs of cRZF . The chick, human and mouse RZF proteins each comprise 381 amino acids, 85% of which are identical in the three species. Thus, the RZF gene has been conserved throughout vertebrate evolution. We also identified a cDNA that predicts a truncated mouse Rzf protein that lacks half of the RING finger domain. The human RZF gene is located on chromosome 3q between anonymous DNA markers D3S1557 and D3S1306.
Advanced Reactors-Intermediate Heat Exchanger (IHX) Coupling: Theoretical Modeling and Experimental Validation (2016)

The overall goal of the research project was to model the behavior of the advanced reactorintermediate heat exchange system and to develop advanced control techniques for off-normal conditions. The specific objectives defined for the project were: 1. To develop the steady-state thermal hydraulic design of the intermediate heat exchanger (IHX); 2. To develop mathematical models to describe the advanced nuclear reactor-IHX-chemical process/power generation coupling during normal and off-normal operations, and to simulate models using multiphysics software; 3. To develop control strategies using genetic algorithm or neural network techniques and couple these techniques with the multiphysics software; 4. To validate the models experimentally The project objectives were accomplished by defining and executing four different tasks corresponding to these specific objectives. The first task involved selection of IHX candidates and developing steady state designs for those. The second task involved modeling of the transient and offnormal operation of the reactor-IHX system. The subsequent task dealt with the development of control strategies and involved algorithm development and simulation. The last task involved experimental validation of the thermal hydraulic performances of the two prototype heat exchangers designed and fabricated for the project at steady state and transient conditions to simulate the coupling of the reactor- IHX-process plant system. The experimental work utilized the two test facilities at The Ohio State University (OSU) including one existing High-Temperature Helium Test Facility (HTHF) and the newly developed high-temperature molten salt facility.
Preparation of Polymeric Core−Shell and Multilayer Nanoparticles: Surface-Initiated Polymerization Using <i>in Situ</i> Synthesized Photoiniferters (2009)

We report here the development of a very flexible synthetic approach to generate core−shell nanoparticles below 100 nm diameter, whereby thin polymer shells are synthesized under nonaqueous conditions in a variety of organic solvents with diverse properties. This facilitates incorporation of a wide range of functional monomers and cross-linkers in the shell, without the need to make major changes to conditions or methodology. Polymer cores carrying benzyl chloride functionalities were prepared by conventional emulsion polymerization and then derivatized with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate to generate surface bound iniferters. Photoinduced second-stage surface-initiated polymerization (SIP) led to shell formation (measured as an increase in particle size by dynamic light scattering) with good control over the size distribution. The core−shell morphology of the particles generated was confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging and the composition of the shell layer with IR spectroscopy. The presence of ionic functionalities in the shell layer was verified by aqueous zeta potential titration studies. By exploiting the surface-initiated living radical mechanism, we have also synthesized complex multilayer particles sequentially. Even after the formation of an additional layer, the majority of the iniferter groups were re-formed as determined by elemental analysis; therefore, further particle elaboration would be possible if required.
Downregulation of the Drosophila Immune Response by Peptidoglycan-Recognition Proteins SC1 and SC2 (2006)

Peptidoglycan-recognition proteins (PGRPs) are evolutionarily conserved molecules that are structurally related to bacterial amidases. Several Drosophila PGRPs have lost this enzymatic activity and serve as microbe sensors through peptidoglycan recognition. Other PGRP family members, such as Drosophila PGRP-SC1 or mammalian PGRP-L, have conserved the amidase function and are able to cleave peptidoglycan in vitro. However, the contribution of these amidase PGRPs to host defense in vivo has remained elusive so far. Using an RNA-interference approach, we addressed the function of two PGRPs with amidase activity in the Drosophila immune response. We observed that PGRP-SC1/2-depleted flies present a specific over-activation of the IMD (immune deficiency) signaling pathway after bacterial challenge. Our data suggest that these proteins act in the larval gut to prevent activation of this pathway following bacterial ingestion. We further show that a strict control of IMD-pathway activation is essential to prevent bacteria-induced developmental defects and larval death.
Signs and Symptoms Associated With the Metabolic Syndrome in Psychiatric Inpatients Receiving Antipsychotics (2007)

The prevalence of at least 3 correlates in psychiatric inpatients receiving antipsychotics is probably an underestimate, because diagnosis was substituted for the blood pressure and glucose measures. Nonetheless, these findings support the call for routine screening for metabolic symptoms in patients receiving antipsychotics. The risk for these symptoms may be particularly high in some subgroups identified, such as patients older than 50 years and those taking clozapine or multiple antipsychotics.
A comparison of run-to-run control algorithms (2002)

Run-to-run control is the term used for the application of batch process control as practiced in the semiconductor industry. This paper gives a brief introduction to the fundamental parts of a run-to-run control algorithm and surveys several of the popular techniques for the application of this control methodology. In particular, model predictive control is explored as a robust and flexible technique for implementing run-to-run control.
Restoration of sarcolemmal nNOS is essential to normalize α‐adrenoceptor control of muscle blood flow in transgenic mdx mice (2009)

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle, where it is localized to the sarcolemma via the dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC). We previously reported that nNOS‐derived NO blunts α‐adrenergic vasoconstriction in contracting muscle and that this protective effect is absent in boys with muscular dystrophy and in mdx mice in which mutations in the dystrophin gene disrupt the DGC and displace nNOS. We therefore hypothesized that restoration of sarcolemmal nNOS is essential to rescue the normal contraction‐induced attenuation of α‐adrenergic vasoconstriction. In the resting hindlimbs of transgenic mdx mice expressing minidystrophin genes that restore the DGC with (ΔH2‐R15) or without (ΔH2‐R19) restoring nNOS, intraarterial norepinephrine evoked similar decreases in femoral blood flow and vascular conductance. These constrictor responses were markedly attenuated by 81±3% in the contracting hindlimbs of the ΔH2‐R15 transgenics (p<0.05 vs. rest; n=8), but by only 16±4% in the ΔH2‐R19 transgenics (p>0.05 vs. rest; n=6) and by 10±5% in transgene negative littermates (n=3). Minigene expression yielded similar results in mdx4cv mice, which have a different dystrophin mutation and genetic background than mdx mice. These data indicate that recovery of sarcolemmal nNOS is essential to restore normal blood flow regulation in mdx skeletal muscle. Supported by the NIH and MDA.
Linear electronic dispersion and finite-difference time-domain calculations: a simple approach (integrated optics) (1993)

It is shown how the novel application of a simple causality argument simplifies significantly the incorporation of linear electronic dispersion into the finite-difference time-domain equations of motion. In particular, linear dispersion adds a single simple recursive term to the standard Yee equations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Energy Efficiency/ Renewable Energy Impact in the Texas Emisions Reduction Plan (TERP): Volume II- Technical Report (2011)

The Energy Systems Laboratory (Laboratory), at the Texas Engineering Experiment Station of The Texas A&M University System, in fulfillment of its responsibilities under Texas Health and Safety Code Ann. 388.003 (e), Vernon Supp. 2002, submits its ninth annual report, Energy Efficiency/Renewable Energy (EE/RE) Impact in the Texas Emissions Reduction Plan (TERP) to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality.\nThe report is organized in three volumes.\nVolume I - Summary Report - provides an executive summary and overview;\nVolume II - Technical Report - provides a detailed report of activities, methodologies and findings;\nVolume III - Technical Appendix - contains detailed data from simulations for each of the counties included in the analysis
Chromatin Remodeling Factors and BRM/BRG1 Expression as Prognostic Indicators in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2004)

We immunohistochemically examined 12 core proteins involved in the chromatin remodeling machinery using a tissue microarray composed of 150 lung adenocarcinoma (AD) and 150 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases. Most of the proteins showed nuclear staining, whereas some also showed cytoplasmic or membranous staining. When the expression patterns of all tested antigens were considered, proteins with nuclear staining clustered into two major groups. Nuclear signals of BRM, Ini-1, retinoblastoma, mSin3A, HDAC1, and HAT1 clustered together, whereas nuclear signals of BRG1, BAF155, HDAC2, BAF170, and RbAP48 formed a second cluster. Additionally, two thirds of the cases on the lung tissue array had follow-up information, and survival analysis was performed for each of the tested proteins. Positive nuclear BRM (N-BRM) staining correlated with a favorable prognosis in SCC and AD patients with a 5 year-survival of 53.5% compared with 32.3% for those whose tumors were negative for N-BRM (P = 0.015). Furthermore, patients whose tumors stained positive for both N-BRM and nuclear BRG1 had a 5 year-survival of 72% compared with 33.6% (P = 0.013) for those whose tumors were positive for either or negative for both markers. In contrast, membranous BRM (M-BRM) staining correlated with a poorer prognosis in AD patients with a 5 year-survival of 16.7% compared with those without M-BRM staining (38.1%; P = 0.016). These results support the notion that BRM and BRG1 participate in two distinct chromosome remodeling complexes that are functionally complementary and that the nuclear presence of BRM, its coexpression with nuclear BRG1, and the altered cellular localization of BRM (M-BRM) are useful markers for non-small cell lung cancer prognosis.
Easy-opening packaging systems. (2002)

Consistent peel strength without fibre tear has been a difficult property to obtain. This article discusses a range of peel options and compares the seals formed between different materials and a new grade of packaging material.
Single-mode excitation in a laboratory waveguide using feedback control (1994)

Previous work formulated an adaptive algorithm for exciting a single mode in a shallow-water waveguide using feedback control [Buck etal., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 95, 2927(A) (1994)]. This paper presents results obtained using this algorithm in a laboratory waveguide experiment under a variety of conditions. Unlike previous laboratory single-mode excitation experiments [Clay and Huang, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 67, 792–794 (1980); Gazanhes and Garnier, ibid. 69, 963–969 (1981)], our algorithm does not require apriori environmental knowledge, but only the sound-speed profile at the feedback array. The experiment results to be presented demonstrate the algorithm’s convergence behavior and robustness to environmental mismatch. If time permits, present experimental results illustrating the ability of the algorithm to track time variations in the channel will also be presented. [Work supported by ONR and ARPA.]
Somatostatin-Receptor Scintigraphy in the Management of Gastroenteropancreatic Tumors (1998)

Somatostatin-receptor scintigraphy contributes to the management of patients with gastroenteropancreatic tumors in the following ways: 1) localization of a primary occult tumor, allowing surgical removal; 2) staging of the disease for optimal therapy-surgical excision or systemic treatment; and 3) identification of receptor status of the metastases for octreotide treatment or chemotherapy.
Effect of exercise on muscle immune response and mitochondrial damage and their relationship with cancer-related fatigue: A URCC NCORP study. (2017)

10119 Background: Chemotherapy (CT) via inflammation and oxidative stress can cause muscle inflammatory injury, mitochondrial damage, and cancer-related fatigue (CRF). Following muscle and mitochondrial damage, various cytoplasmic and mitochondrial components are released into circulation. HLA-DQB1 gene encodes a protein involved in the activation of immune response, and is not expressed in normal muscle cells but is up-regulated under highly inflammatory states. Mitochondrial gene MT-CO2 encodes subunit 2 of complex IV, which plays a critical role in energy metabolism and mitochondrial function. We investigated the (i) influence of an exercise intervention, Exercise for Cancer Patients (EXCAP), on gene expression levels of muscle immune response and mitochondrial damage and (ii) the relationships of these genes with CRF. Methods: In this nationwide, multicenter, phase III RCT conducted through the URCC NCORP Research Base, cancer patients (N = 350; mean age = 55.7) were randomized to 2 groups: (i) CT and (ii) CT plus a 6-week individualized, home-based, aerobic and resistance exercise program (EXCAP). Gene expression and CRF were assessed pre- and post-intervention from whole blood by qPCR and from patient-report by MFSI, respectively. Results: T-tests revealed significant upregulation of peripheral HLA-DQB1 and MT-CO2 mRNA following CT in controls (both p < 0.00001) while there was less up-regulation in exercisers (both p≤0.005). ANCOVA showed a trend for significant differences between controls and exercisers for HLA-DQB1 (9.2% vs 5.4%; p = 0.059) and MT-CO2 (16.3% vs 12.7%; p = 0.061). Pearson correlations revealed that increases in HLA-DQB1 (r = 0.21; p = 0.051) and MT-CO2 (r = 0.19; p = 0.025) were significantly associated with concurrent increase in CRF in controls, but not in exercisers. Conclusions: CT alters muscle immune response and mitochondrial gene expression causing muscle and mitochondrial damage, which may be mediators for CRF. EXCAP is a promising intervention that may reduce both muscle and mitochondrial damage via its positive effects on HLA-DQB1 and MT-CO2. Funding: NCI UGCA189961, R25 CA102618. Clinical trial information: NCT00924651.
HIV type 1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 induces development of a T helper type 2 response to Cryptococcus neoformans (1999)

These data indicate that gp120 alters the normal T-cell response to C. neoformans, promoting a T-helper type 2 response. The altered T-cell response produced by gp120 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis in the patient with AIDS.
Inhibition of interleukin 3 function by a fragment of the third component of complement (1987)

A C3d-like (C3d-1) fragment of 33 kDa was isolated and its biological activity studied. The fragment was generated from guinea pig C3b by porcine pancreas kallikrein and purified by fast protein liquid chromatography. The C3d-like fragment inhibited interleukin (IL) 2-dependent T lymphocyte proliferation. The suppressive activity of the described C3d-1 fragment was not restricted to lymphocytes as targets but inhibited in addition the proliferation of a nonlymphocyte mast cell line which was strictly IL3-dependent in its proliferative capacity. Kinetic studies implied early stages of cellular proliferation to be influenced. Furthermore, the C3d-1 fragment was not only an inhibitor of cellular proliferation but was also a potent inducer of leukocytosis.
Facial expression recognition with regional hidden Markov models (2014)

A regional hidden Markov model (RHMM) for automatic facial expression recognition in video sequences is proposed. Facial action units are described by RHMMs for the states of facial regions: eyebrows, eyes and mouth registered in a video. The tracked facial feature points in the spatial domain form observation sequences that drive the classification process. It is shown that the proposed technique outperforms other methods reported in the literature for the person‐independent case tested with the extended Cohn‐Kanade database.
Redistribution of boron and phosphorous in silicon after two oxidation steps used in MOST fabrication (1972)

Redistribution of boron and phosphorous impurities in silicon resulting from two consecutive oxidation steps is calculated by using either the method of Green's function or by separating the redistribution after the first oxidation into a constant and error function term. An approximate but analytical solution for redistribution after the second oxidation is then obtainable. Employing a variety of oxidation parameters normally used in several MOS-transistor fabrication processes, the impurity profiles at the end of the second (gate) oxidation process is calculated for each case for both boron- and phosphorous-doped substrates. These profiles compare well with those obtained experimentally from <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C-V</tex> measurements made on Schottky-barrier diodes deposited on silicon wafers that underwent the same oxidation processes.