gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial permeability transition and oxidative stress (2001)

Mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) is a non-selective inner membrane permeabilization that may precede necrotic and apoptotic cell death. Although this process has a specific inhibitor, cyclosporin A, little is known about the nature of the proteinaceous pore that results in MPT. Here, we review data indicating that MPT is not a consequence of the opening of a pre-formed pore, but the consequence of oxidative damage to pre-existing membrane proteins.
A STUDY OF THE ISO-AGGLUTININ TITRES IN THE SERA OF AUSTRALIAN SUBJECTS (WHITE)* (1959)

The sera of all humans contain the isoagglutinins anti-A and anti-B, except when the corresponding agglutinogens are present in the red cells. Thus the sera of group O persons contain both anti-A and anti-B and the sera of group A persons anti-B alone. There are rare negative exceptions to this general principle, some of which are probably genetically determined (Race and Sanger, 1958) . The factors determining the development of the isoagglutinins are not fully understood. The infant is born with its mother's agglutinins, but commences to form its own in the first few months of life (Yliruokanen, 1958) . These ‘natural’ isoagglutinins are not associated with isohaemolysins.Thomsen and Kettel (1929) determined the titres of the anti-A and anti-B agglutinins in the blood of Danish subjects and found that the anti-A titres were generally higher than the anti-B titres. The anti-A in group O sera was of higher titre than the anti-A in group B sera, but no difference was found with anti-B in group O and group A sera.Cutbush, Falconer and Mollison (1950) found that about 20% of 125 group O sera contained α-haemolysins. These haemolysins arise following injection of human serum (Aubert, Boorman and Dodd, 1942), purified blood group specific substances from animal tissues (Witebsky, Klendshoj and McNeil, 1944) or from human sources (Loutit and Morgan, 1946), serum containing antitoxins and antibodies against bacteria (Davidsohn, 1938), prophylactic bacterial vaccines (Cutbush et al., 1950) and in cases of heterospecific ABO pregnancies (Smith, 1945) . Coombs and his.coworkers (Winstanley, Konugres and Coombs, 1957; Konugres and Coombs, 1958) have demonstrated that sera containing haemolysins agglutinate red cells from pigs with the A antigen and that the haemolysins, but not the ‘natural’ anti-A agglutinins, are removed by absorption of the sera with such pig red cells. They postulate that the haemolysins and the ‘immune’ agglutinins may act on an antigen called Ap present in human red cells and in A pig red cells.The work to be reported in this paper had three objects. The first was to compare the titres of anti-A and anti-B in sera from group B and from group A subjects with the titres in sera from group O subjects. The second was to determine whether titration of anti-A and anti-B in a viscous medium (polyvinylpyrrolidone) increases the titre. It has been reported that the titre of immune sera is enhanced when the titration is performed using serum instead of saline as the diluent (Boorman, Dodd and Morgan, 1945) . The third purpose of the investigation was to determine, using freshly collected group AB serum, the incidence of immune haemolysins in the sera of group O, group A and group B Australian blood donors.
DESIGN OF BROADBAND, HIGH-EFFICIENCY, AND HIGH-LINEARITY GAN HEMT CLASS-J RF POWER AMPLIFIER (2017)

In this paper, the design of a broadband, high-efficiency, and high-linearity Class-J GaN HEMT RF power amplifier (PA) over 1.6-2.6GHz is explained.The source impedance is conjugatematched to the input impedance of the device resulted from small signal simulation to make a high-gain power amplifier.The load impedance related to the maximum power added efficiency (PAE) and maximum output power is obtained by pulling the only fundamental and second harmonic components over frequency bandwidth.Thus, not only a high-efficiency PA but also a high-linearity PA is formed.The input and output matching networks are implemented by microstrip transmission lines.The theoretical PA designed is optimized using computer-aided simulations.The fabricated PA provides output power in the range of 38-39.9dBm with 60%-73% PAE and 15-16.3dB power gain across the band.The worst measured ACLR1 as the PA is fed by the CDMA signal with 1.2288 MHz bandwidth is at a level of -38.6 dBc.A close agreement between the measured and simulation results is observed due to the use of high-order harmonic balance simulator and high-accuracy implementation procedure.
Increasing piglet survival through an improved farrowing management protocol (1996)

The profitability of swine production units is significantly decreased by the high rate of mortality which occurs during parturition or shortly thereafter. This study compared the survival rates of pigs subjected to different farrowing management protocols. Sixty litters of crossbred piglets (York × Landrace) were randomly assigned to one of two protocols for management at farrowing. The first, unattended or control group, corresponded to the traditional commercial farrowing practice used on most hog farms today which provides for no attention during farrowing. The second protocol consisted of attending the farrowing and executing a sequence of procedures to the newborn animals. Mortality rates and their causes, weight gains, and haematocrit levels were recorded for the first 3 wk of life. Total preweaning mortality was 18.2 and 10.1% for the control and attended groups, respectively. The main impact of the treatment was the reduction of the animals that otherwise would have been classified as stillbirths. The stillbirth rate decreased from 6.8 to 1.6% while the mortality rate during the first day decreased from 5.2% in the unattended litters to 2.2% in the attended litters, respectively. At weaning the weight of the attended piglets was higher (P < 0.05) than those of the unattended animals. The overall weight gain was higher in the attended litters when compared with those of the control litters (3.99 ± 0.08 and 3.68 ± 0.06 kg, respectively). Processing each pig takes about 2 min, but waiting for the next pig requires approximately 15 min per piglet. The reduction in mortality of 44% (equivalent to about one piglet per litter) plus the benefit of enhanced performance in the attended group could justify the implementation of a farrowing protocol which involves adding the extra labour at farrowing time, especially if several sows are attended by the same attendant. Key words: Piglets, mortality, farrowing, weight gain, haematocrit
Dynamic Processor Resource Configuration in Virtualized Environments (2011)

Virtualization can provide significant benefits in data centers, such as dynamic resource configuration, live virtual machine migration. Services are deployed in virtual machines (VMs) and resource utilization can be greatly improved. In this paper, we present VScheduler, a system that dynamically adjusts processor resource configuration of virtual machines, including the amount of virtual resource and a new mapping of virtual machines and physical nodes. VScheduler implements a two-level resource configuration scheme -- local resource configuration (LRC) for an individual virtual machine and global resource configuration (GRC) for a whole cluster or data center. GRC especially takes variation tendency of workloads into account when remapping virtual machines to physical nodes. We implement our techniques in Xen and conduct a detailed evaluation using RUBiS and dbench. The experimental results show that VScheduler not only satisfies resource demands of services, but also reduces the number of virtual machines migration, which can provide a stable VM distribution on physical nodes in data centers.
A genomic ruler to assess oncogenic transition between breast tumor and stroma (2018)

The dynamics of gene expression in the post-tumor breast stroma likely co-determines disease outcome: reversion to normality or transition to transformation in morphologically normal tissue. Our stromal genomic signature may be important for personalizing surgical and adjuvant therapeutic decisions and risk of recurrence.
Investigation of Fluorescent Dyes as Partitioning Tracers for Subsurface Nonaqueous Phase Liquid (NAPL) Characterization (2003)

Five fluorescent dyes were evaluated as partitioning tracers for detection and quantification of tetrachloroethylene (PCE): fluorescein, rhodamine WT (RWT), sulforhodamine B (SRB), eosine, and pyranine. Results obtained from batch tests were (a) sorption partitioning coefficients (KP)0.088±0.025 and 0.091 cm3/g, for RWT and SRB, respectively (eosine and pyranine increased fluorescence after soil/dye batch tests; thus, KP could not be obtained for these tracers) and (b) nonaqueous phase liquid/water partitioning coefficients (KNW) for RWT, SRB, and eosine were 0.1703, 0.0603, and 0.049, respectively (pyranine also increased fluorescence in PCE/dye tests). Retardation factors (Rf) measured in column tests for fluorescein, RWT, SRB, eosine, and pyranine were (a) 1.08±0.07,1.64±0.38, 1.23, 1.45, and 2.97, in the absence of PCE; and (b) 1.31, 2.3, 1.33, 1.79, and 3.51, in the presence of PCE, respectively. The results of this study suggested that the partitioning behavior of the tracers tested is different from simple hydrophobic partitioning and that their fluorescence is complex and dependent upon several variables. Column tests indicated that RWT, SRB, and eosine are possibly suitable as partitioning tracers.
Do We Need to Optimize Plasma Protein and Tissue Binding in Drug Discovery? (2011)

It is a commonly accepted assumption that only unbound drug molecules are available to interact with their targets. In order to achieve high unbound plasma drug concentration, it seems obvious to design compounds with low plasma protein binding. Similarly to achieve high unbound tissue concentration, we apparently need compounds with low tissue binding. Our theoretical analysis and experimental data demonstrate that unbound plasma concentration is not determined by plasma protein binding but by hepatic intrinsic clearance after oral dose, and unbound tissue concentration is not determined by tissue binding but determined by unbound plasma concentration and transport properties at the blood-tissue barrier. Reduction of plasma and tissue protein binding for a compound will increase the unbound concentration in vitro but may not increase its unbound plasma or tissue concentration in vivo after oral administration. We conclude that plasma protein and tissue binding are essential parameters to understand pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics but they should not be optimized independently in drug discovery. Instead we should focus on reducing clearance and efflux at the blood-tissue barrier to increase in vivo plasma and tissue unbound concentration.
The Central Autonomic Nervous System: Conscious Visceral Perception and Autonomic Pattern Generation (2002)

The overall organization of the peripheral autonomic nervous system has been known for many decades, but the mechanisms by which it is controlled by the central nervous system are just now coming to light. In particular, two major issues have seen considerable progress in the past decade. First, the pathways that provide visceral sensation to conscious perception at a cortical level have been elucidated in both animals and humans. The nociceptive system runs in parallel to the pathways carrying visceral sensation from the cranial nerves and may be considered in itself a component of visceral sensation. Second, structures in the central nervous system that generate patterns of autonomic response have been identified. These pattern generators are located at multiple levels of the central nervous system, and they can be combined in temporal and spatial patterns to subserve a wide range of behavioral needs.
The Effect of Selected Variables on the Preparation and Oxidative Decomposition of Microencapsulated Benzaldehyde (1978)

The decomposition of the essential oils used in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries proceeds by an oxidative chain reaction involving the intermediate formation of hydroperoxide free radicals. The oxidative decomposition eventually results in the formation of objectionable odours and tastes, but, possibly of greater importance, the products of oxidation besides being highly reactive may also be toxic. It follows that drugs and other materials which are associated with the oil may themselves be subject to decomposition.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrans via Formal [4 + 2] Cycloaddition: A Comparison of Allylsilane and Crotylsilane. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Modeling Atomic-Resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Images (2007)

A real-space description of inelastic scattering in scanning transmission electron microscopy is derived with particular attention given to the implementation of the projected potential approximation. A hierarchy of approximations to expressions for inelastic images is presented. Emphasis is placed on the conditions that must hold in each case. The expressions that justify the most direct, visual interpretation of experimental data are also the most approximate. Therefore, caution must be exercised in selecting experimental parameters that validate the approximations needed for the analysis technique used. To make the most direct, visual interpretation of electron-energy-loss spectroscopic images from core-shell excitations requires detector improvements commensurate with those that aberration correction provides for the probe-forming lens. Such conditions can be relaxed when detailed simulations are performed as part of the analysis of experimental data.
Improving Component Dependency Resolution with Soft Constraints, Validation and Verification (2009)

Software components are encapsulated units of execution which express dependencies through explicitly stated requirements and capabilities. These are used within component repositories to resolve sub-systems of deployable components. The main problem with this dependency resolution is not the lack of available solutions but the excess of them. Within current repositories the returned solution may not be optimal for the composers requirements and context. Improving dependency resolved solutions from repositories using soft constraints with validation and verification is the topic of our Ph.D. and discussed within this paper.
Data Security Implementation for Real Time Internet Packet Traces (2006)

In experimental field such as computer systems science, it is common to study real-world behavior as a means of gaining insight. One time-honored methodology is the collection of trace data, either as a snapshot or over a period of time, for later replay or analysis. The sharing of Internet packet traces is very limited because real-world traces contain many kinds of sensitive information, such as host addresses, emails, personal web pages, and even authentication keys. The lack of such traces greatly limits research on application protocols. It is especially crippling for network intrusion detection research, forcing researchers to devise synthetic attacks. In this paper we describe an approach to transform and anonymize packet traces. The paper elaborates on the anonymization of the internet packet traces and corresponding trace transformation The algorithm discussed can anonymize both packet headers and payloads, and can perform application-level transformations such as editing HTTP or SMTP headers, replacing the content of Web items with MD5 hashes, or altering filenames or reply codes that match given patterns. Thus the paper aims to shed light on a new trace transformation & anonymization techniques with features for the future, coupled with reliability and frugal use of resources take technology to the masses as well as the researchers, making the world a truly global village. As such, we hope to help open up new opportunities in Internet measurement and network intrusion detection re-search.
Simulation of physical experiments in immersive virtual environments (2001)

An object‐oriented event‐driven immersive virtual environment is described for the creation of virtual labs (VLs) for simulating physical experiments. Discussion focuses on a number of aspects of the VLs, including interface devices, software objects, and various applications. The VLs interface with output devices, including immersive stereoscopic screen(s) and stereo speakers; and a variety of input devices, including body tracking (head and hands), haptic gloves, wand, joystick, mouse, microphone, and keyboard. The VL incorporates the following types of primitive software objects: interface objects, support objects, geometric entities, and finite elements. Each object encapsulates a set of properties, methods, and events that define its behavior, appearance, and functions. A “container” object allows grouping of several objects. Applications of the VLs include viewing the results of the physical experiment, viewing a computer simulation of the physical experiment, simulation of the experiment’s procedure, computational steering, and remote control of the physical experiment. In addition, the VL can be used as a risk‐free (safe) environment for training. The implementation of virtual structures testing machines, virtual wind tunnels, and a virtual acoustic testing facility is described.
Primitive Myeloid Cells Express High Levels of Phospholipase A2 Activity in the Absence of Leukotriene Release: Selective Regulation by Stem Cell Factor Involving the MAP Kinase Pathway (1999)

The activation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) with release of eicosanoids and prostanoids in mature myeloid cells and the augmentation (priming) of this activity by cytokines such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are central to the inflammatory process. Yet, there are few data concerning PLA2 activity and its regulation by growth factors in primary hematopoietic cells. We therefore analyzed the PLA2activity of mobilized human CD34 antigen-positive (CD34+) stem cells by quantitation of the extracellular release of3H-arachidonate. The PLA2 activity of CD34+ cells stimulated with calcium ionophore (A23187) was of similar magnitude to that of mature neutrophils and monocytes. Preincubation of CD34+ cells with stem cell factor (SCF) before A23187-stimulation resulted in primed PLA2 activity, whereas interleukin-3 (IL-3), GM-CSF, and tumor necrosis factor  had no significant effect. When CD34+ cells were induced to differentiate, PLA2 activity remained responsive to SCF for several days, but after 8 days, at which stage morphological and functional evidence of maturation was occurring, priming of PLA2 by SCF could no longer be elicited, whereas responses to GM-CSF and IL-3 had developed. The further metabolism of arachidonic acid to eicosanoids by CD34+ cells was not detected by either thin-layer chromatography, enzyme immunoassay, or differential spectroscopy. SCF stimulated the rapid but transient activation of ERK2 (p42 MAP kinase) in CD34+ cells, and we used the MAP kinase kinase inhibitor, PD 098059, which at 30 μmol/L blocks ERK2 activation in CD34+ cells, to investigate whether SCF-mediated priming of arachidonate release was mediated by this kinase. PD 098059 only partially inhibited A23187-stimulated PLA2 activity primed by SCF, suggesting the involvement of ERK2 and possibly a further signal transduction pathway. Methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate (5 μmol/L), a dual inhibitor of i and cPLA2 isoforms, completely inhibited arachidonate release without affecting ERK2 activation, demonstrating the lack of cellular toxicity. These data provide the first evidence that primitive myeloid cells have the capacity to release arachidonate, which is regulated by an early acting hematopoietic growth factor important for the growth and survival of these cells.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Niche for Flavopiridol? (2005)

Cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) are key regulators of orderly progression through the cell cycle and of RNA transcription. Inhibition of their activity in vitro can cause cell cycle arrest at the G1-S or G2-M boundaries ([1][1], [2][2]). Flavopiridol, a synthetic flavone related to a natural product
African private security (2000)

Discussions about 'private security' usually focus on foreign military capability. This disregards - and diverts attention away from - African-originated private security, which has included more personnel for longer periods of time, and has affected African politics much more deeply than the European or American personnel who are more sensationalistic ('the dogs of war'), but often less important than African security.
Power Reserves Control for PV Systems With Real-Time MPP Estimation via Curve Fitting (2017)

In order for a photovoltaic (PV) system to provide a full range of ancillary services to the gird, including frequency response, it has to maintain active power reserves. In this paper, a new control scheme for the dc/dc converter of a two-stage PV system is introduced, which permits operation at a reduced power level, estimating the available power (maximum power point-MPP) at the same time. This control scheme is capable of regulating the output power to any given reference, from near-zero to 100% of the available power. The proposed MPP estimation algorithm applies curve fitting on voltage and current measurements obtained during operation to determine the MPP in real time. This is the first method in the literature to use the nonsimplified single-diode model for the determination of the MPP and the five model parameters while operating at a curtailed power level. The developed estimation technique exhibits very good accuracy and robustness in the presence of noise and rapidly changing environmental conditions. The effectiveness of the control scheme is validated through simulation and experimental tests using a 2-kW PV array and a dc/dc converter prototype at constant and varying irradiance conditions.
Ferroquine: A New Weapon in the Fight Against Malaria (2004)

Malaria remains the first world-wide parasitic disease with an estimated 2.7 million deaths per year, most of them occurring in Africa. The parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, has demonstrated its extreme skill at adapting to all drugs currently in use (like chloroquine (CQ)) and resistance to these drugs has spread almost all over the world. Therefore (multi)drug resistance has become one of the most important problems. Whereas the discovery of an antimalarial compound with no possibility of resistance seems utopian, new strategies have been developed to overcome the situation. The most promising results come from the new area of bioorganometallic chemistry with the synthetic compound Ferroquine (FQ). In vitro, FQ inhibits at nanomolar concentrations the growth of chloroquino-resistant strains and isolates P. falciparum. Its schizontocidal activity was confirmed in murine models. Chemical modifications of FQ were attempted to correlate structure with activity. Some physicochemical properties of FQ were investigated to elucidate its mechanism of action. This strategy, based on incorporation of an organometallic moiety into the “standard” drug, offers new possibilities in reversal of resistance and therapeutic application. The review will conclude by presenting the present industrial development of FQ. Keywords: malaria, plasmodium falciparum, chloroquine resistance, ferroquine, bioorganometallic chemistry