gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rat soleus muscle fiber responses to 14 days of spaceflight and hindlimb suspension (1992)

Morphological and enzymatic responses in fibers expressing fast, slow, or both types of myosin heavy chain (MHC) were studied in rats after 14 days of spaceflight (COSMOS 2044) or hindlimb suspension. Although the percentage of slow-twitch fibers was unchanged, a higher percentage of fibers that expressed both slow and fast MHC was observed in flight and suspended rats than in synchronous ground-based controls. The soleus was 25 and 34% smaller than control after 14 days of flight and suspension, with the reduction in fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) being greater in slow- than in fast-twitch fibers in both experimental groups. The activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) were not significantly affected by flight or suspension. The total SDH activity (i.e., SDH activity x CSA) decreased significantly in the slow-twitch fibers of the flight and the fast-twitch fibers of the suspended rats, in large part due to fiber atrophy. A shift in MHC expression in 14 and 9% of the fibers in flight and suspended rats occurred without a change in myosin adenosinetriphosphatase activity. The SDH and GPD activities of the fibers that expressed both slow and fast MHC were slightly higher than the slow-twitch fibers and slightly lower than the fast-twitch fibers. These data indicate that events were initiated within 14 days of spaceflight or suspension that began to reconfigure the protein profiles of 9-14% of the slow-twitch fibers from typical slow-twitch toward those of fast-twitch fibers, while all fibers were dramatically losing total protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THEORIES AND MODELS IN INFORMATION RETRIEVAL (1977)

This paper is concerned with recent work in the theory of information retrieval. More particularly, it is concerned with theories which tackle the problem of retrieval performance, in a sense which will be explained. The aim is not an exhaustive survey of such work; rather it is an analysis and synthesis of those contributions which I feel to be important or find interesting.
Orientation and Framework of Geo-informatization System (2007)

On the basis of the significance and strategic prospect of geo-informatization system,the orientation of geo-informatization system is researched in detail.The architecture of geo-informatization system is also discussed according to its development trend.At last,the five phases of geo-informatization system are compared and analyzed comprehensively.
Treatment of a large defect of the chest wall in a child using a negative pressure wound dressing (2007)

Vacuum-assisted closure(VAC) is a simple wound healing tool in plastic surgery. We report a large thoracic defect in a child, in which the VAC was used to cover an exposed polytetrafluoroethylene prosthesis. The VAC saved the prosthesis and induced complete granulation of the wound, which healed completely in five weeks.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiospecific Synthesis of Optically Active 6‐Methoxytryptophan Derivatives and Total Synthesis of Tryprostatin A. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
2,2′-Bi(9,9-dihexylfluorene) (2000)

The central part of the title mol­ecule, C50H66, is planar, all the rings being in the same plane; the lateral chains are also planar (excluding H atoms), almost perpendicular to the ring plane and grafted on the same side of the mol­ecule. The mol­ecule has nearly a mirror plane, perpendicular to the central C—C bond, instead of the centre of symmetry expected. The orientation of the plane of the rings is approximately 45° from the unit-cell b axis, so that neighbouring mol­ecules are essentially perpendicular.
Ultrastructure of the Interaction of Cells of <i>Pseudomonas phaseolicola</i> with Cell Walls of a Resistant and Susceptible Bean Cultivar (1983)

Abstract Cells of Pseudomonas phaseolicola were observed entrapped against plant cell walls in both susceptible (Red Kidney) and resistant (Red Mexican) cultivars of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) . After staining of samples with ruthenium red for electron microscopy pectic polysaccharide within plant cell walls became particularly well contrasted as did fibrillar material connecting bacteria to the plant cell walls. In places this fibrillar material appeared to emanate from the pectic polysaccharide in the plant cell wall, and the plant cell wall surface was eroded at such points. Ruthenium red also stains acidic, bacterial extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and some of the fibrillar material in intercellular spaces is probably from this source. It is possible that bacteria become attached through an interaction between EPS and Pectic polysaccharide in plant cell walls.
First line hormonal treatment (HT) for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) with exemestane (E) or tamoxifen (T) in postmenopausal patients (pts) - A randomized phase III trial of the EORTC Breast Group (2004)

515 Background: E is an aromatase inactivator, with demonstrated efficacy in MBC progressing under T, which remained standard 1st line HT over decades. The randomized EORTC phase II trial of E vs T, which showed promising activity in 1st line MBC (Ann. Oncol. 2003, 14: 1391–8) was extended in a phase III reported here, aiming at a true comparison of efficacy and tolerability of both drugs. Methods: Postmenopausal MBC pts with ECOG PS ≤2 and measurable, hormone responsive disease (ER &/or PgR + or unknown with disease free interval >2y) previously untreated with HT for MBC, were randomized to receive open label E 25mg or T 20mg daily. One prior chemotherapy (CT) for MBC was permitted. Prior adjuvant T was allowed if treatment free interval exceeded 6 mo. The trial was powered to detect an increase in median progression free survival (PFS, primary endpoint) of 3 mo in favor of E. Secondary endpoints were survival and tolerability. All analyses were intent to treat. Results: 382 pts accrued by 81 centers received E (190 pts) or T (192 pts). Both groups were balanced for median age (62.5), prior adjuvant CT (E 28%, T 29%) or CT for MBC (E 8%, T 7%), hormone receptor status, PS, prior adjuvant T (21% both) and dominant metastatic site (visceral E 48%, T 47%; bone E 35%, T 36%; soft tissue E 17%, T 17%). On 15/12/2003, 286 events (progression or death under treatment) and 136 deaths were reported. The median PFS is significantly longer under E than T (10.9 vs 6.7 months, p 0.04) with an HR of 0.79 (95% CI 0.62 - 0.99) in favor of E. Best response rates (%) under E were CR 7.4, PR 36.8, SD 27.4, PD 18.4, NE (not evaluable) 10.0; under T, CR 2.6, PR 26.6, SD 37.0, PD 27.6, NE 6.2). No pt withdrew due to toxicity. Grade 2–3 toxicities observed in ≥10% were bone pain (E 12%, T 18%), other pain (E 7%, T 14%) and hot flashes (E 5%, T 12%). Conclusions: E is a safe and highly active steroidal aromatase inactivator, superior to T in MBC. In view of its efficacy and excellent tolerance, E represents a good choice as first line therapy in hormone responsive MBC. Its safety profile makes E also attractive for use in the adjuvant and preventive settings. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration AstraZeneca; Pfizer; Schering-Plough Pfizer
Evaluation of test methods for longitudinal water blocked cables (2002)

Longitudinal water blocked cable designs have gained popularity among many electrical utility and rural cooperative users in North America. These types of cables are used for primary underground distribution which tend to operate in wet environments where the harmful effects of water, especially water tree deterioration of the insulation and corrosion of the metallic components, are of primary concern. In the case of radial water ingress through external damage or other mechanism, the swellable agents and water blocking tape will swell upon contact with water resulting in the formation of gel and restricting longitudinal water propagation to a minimum. This paper investigates proposed test methods in determining longitudinal water penetration of water blocked cables and discusses the results of tests performed on a typical cable design. Longitudinal water penetration testing has been performed under various conditions including hydrostatic pressure applied on unconditioned cable specimens as well as cable under temperature cycling under specific durations. Investigations into the compatibility of the key water blocking components of the cable constructions have encompassed studies of the water swellable agents in both the dry and gelled state under a variety of thermal conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A METHODOLOGY TO PROVIDE DYNAMIC TRAVELLER INFORMATION DATA (2001)

This study demonstrates the feasibility of using real-time traffic data, which varies on a time scale of minutes, to provide travel time data to customers who wish to journey between any two nominated points in a traffic network at any time of the day. The type of data which the system can provide to a customer is very dependent on the customer's needs. For example, if the customer provides a route and time of travel, the system can provide a travel time before the customer starts the journey. The system can notify a customer if the travel time is markedly greater than usual, and, if so, suggest a faster route, as well as giving a travel time for that route. A customer can be contacted during a trip with information regarding newly occurring incidents. Development of mobile telephone location systems will improve the ability to determine when it is profitable to contact the customer. Currently, the system needs to make this decision by estimating the customer's position using the route and average speed from the trip computation. An optimal (in time) route may be requested by a customer. The information delivery and request media may be any of Short Message Service (SMS) messages, voice or internet. Data delivery may be at the request of the customer (pull) or as the provider sees fit (push). In this paper, the various components of the travel time generator are discussed and some results from it are compared with those from an independent study.
Problem of timing mismatch in interleaved ADCs (2012)

Time interleaving can relax the speed-power trade-off of analog-to-digital converters but at the cost of sensitivity to interchannel mismatches. This paper addresses the problem of timing mismatch, its detection, and its correction. A new frequency-domain analysis gives insight into the impact of the mismatch on random input signals and quantifies the resulting noise. A number of timing error calibration techniques are reviewed and a new approach is proposed.
Rapidly Deployable Low-Cost Traffic Data and Video Collection Device (2009)

Transportation practitioners, planners and researchers lack the availability of an easily deployable, non-intrusive, portable, low-cost device for traffic data collection and video recording at intersections and arterials as well as temporary remote surveillance. The necessary data usually includes volumes, speeds, classification, turning movements, queue size and length, conflicting movements, and time headways. They also include recording of traffic characteristics, accidents and other special situations. A visual record of traffic characteristics at intersections, arterials, or other locations can also be used for extensive analysis and research leading to improved safety and control practices. In this report, the development and demonstration of a low-cost, practical, rapidly deployable video recording and data collection device is presented along with the design, deployment, and data extraction process. Its major advantage at intersections is that only one unit can cover an entire intersection up to 5 lanes per incoming approach wide (20 incoming lanes total), which should be sufficient for the overwhelming majority of intersections. In addition it has the potential of extracting turning movements automatically including optional lanes through advanced machine vision or radar sensors.
Studies on the Free Radical Polymerization of <i>N</i>-Vinylpyrrolidinone in 3-Methylbutan-2-one (2002)

N-vinylpyrrolidinone was polymerized in 3-methylbutan-2-one, which acted as both solvent and transfer agent. The main products of this reaction were poly(N-vinylpyrrolidinone)s with methyl ketone chain ends. These polymers were formed by transfer to solvent involving abstraction of hydrogen at either the isopropyl or 1-methyl position. MALDI−TOF mass spectrometry was used to fully characterize the polymers, and several other initiation and termination events were found to occur. Thus end groups associated with initiation by and combination with the primary radical were observed. Isopropyl end groups were formed as a result of fragmentation of 3-methylbutan-2-on-1-yl radical produced as a consequence of transfer to the 1-methyl group of 3-methylbutan-2-one. This fragmentation also yielded ketene, which underwent initial propagation followed by rapid extraction of a hydrogen atom from 3-methylbutan-2-one and yields aldehyde end groups that were observed in both NMR and MALDI−TOF spectra. Also, end groups associated with termination by combination between propagating and solvent radicals were observed.
Highly Efficient Colloidal Cobalt- and Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of H<sub>3</sub>N·BH<sub>3</sub> in Air (2007)

The compound H3N.BH3 (1) is currently attracting considerable attention as a potential hydrogen storage material. Group 9 catalysts which rapidly and conveniently hydrolyze aqueous 1 in air are described. When treated with 1 mol % [{Rh(mu-Cl)(1,5-cod)}2] (cod=cyclooctadiene) in air, aqueous 1 undergoes rapid hydrolysis to afford the ionic species [NH4][BO2] in approximately 40 s. Higher catalyst loadings (3 mol %) result in a reduction in reaction time to 10 s. Quantification of the hydrogen evolved revealed that, on average, 2.8 of a maximum possible 3.0 equivalents (93%) were generated during the course of the reaction. Rh(0) species (e.g., Rh black, Rh stabilized on alumina, aqueous Rh colloids) were also found to be active hydrolysis catalysts, and evidence for a heterogeneous mechanism is provided. Significantly, although Ir(0) colloids are less active, aqueous Co(0) colloids are also effective catalysts for this process. This result is particularly important as Co, a first-row metal, is considerably more economical than the precious metal catalysts typically employed.
Relative Fluxes of Primary Particles in B-C-N-O Group from the ATIC Experiment (Science Flight) (2007)

The ATIC balloon-born experiment measures the energy spectra of elements from H to Fe in primary cosmic rays from about 100 GeV to 100 TeV. ATIC is comprised of a fully active bismuth germinate calorimeter, a carbon target with embedded scintillator hodoscopes, and a silicon matrix that is used as a main charge detector. The silicon matrix produces good charge resolution for the protons and helium but only a partial resolution for heavier nuclei. In the present paper a charge resolution of ATIC device was improved and backgrounds were reduced in the region from Be to Si by means of the upper layer of the scintillator hodoscope that was used as charge detector together with silicon matrix. Relative fluxes of nuclei B, C, N, O in the energy region from about 20 GeV/nucleon to 200 GeV/nucleon that were obtained from new high-resolution and high-quality charge spectra of nuclei are presented.
Time-Resolved pH/pO<sub>2</sub> Mapping with Luminescent Hybrid Sensors (2006)

A method for simultaneous and referenced 2D mapping of pH and pO2 is described. The experimental setup combines a fast gateable CCD camera as detector, a LED as excitation light source and a single-layer sensor membrane as optical transducer. The planar optode comprises a lipophilic fluorescein derivative (lifetime approximately 5 ns) and platinum(II) mesotetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (approximately 70 micros in the absence of a quencher) immobilized in a hydrogel matrix. Depending on the fluorescent pH indicator, a pH transition in the physiological range (pH 6-pH 8) or in the near-basic region (pH 7-pH 9) can be achieved. The measuring scheme involves the time-resolved acquisition of images in three windows during a series of square-shaped excitation pulses. A method allowing the calculation of both parameters from these three images is presented. The pH/pO2 hybrid sensor incorporating the pH indicator 2',7'-dihexyl-5(6)-N-octadecyl-carboxamidofluorescein was characterized in detail. The pH and pO2 were determined with a maximum deviation of 0.03 pH unit and 6.5 hPa pO2, respectively, within the range of pH 7.6-pH 8.7 and 0-200 hPa pO2 in test measurements. The ionic strength (IS) cross-sensitivity was found to be relatively small (pH/IS < 3.5 x 10(-4) mM(-1) and pO2/IS <-0.053 hPa mM(-1) at a transition from 0.5 to 0.1 M IS). Whereas a strong temperature effect on the sensor signal was observed (DeltapH/DeltaT = 0.011-0.034 K-1 and DeltapO2/DeltaT = 1.85-7.17 hPa K-1 in the range from 277 to 308 K). Examples of pH/pO2 images obtained in natural marine sediment are presented.
Immunogenicity of Additional Varicella Vaccination 3-5 years after the Initial Vaccination (2013)

Additional varicella vaccination was carried out targeting 16 subjects who had immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA) seroconversion following the initial varicella vaccination and did not contract breakthrough varicella after the initial vaccination. The median ages at the initial and additional vaccination were 2.1 (1.1-6.9) years old and 6.1 (4.4-10.5) years old, respectively. The mean interval between the initial and additional vaccination was 4.0 (3.2-5.2) years. IAHA and glycoprotein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (gpELISA) antibody titers were measured just before and 4-6 weeks after the additional vaccination. Side reaction was surveyed at four weeks after the additional vaccination, and compared with the results at the initial vaccination. IAHA and gpELISA seroconversion rates at the initial vaccination were 100% and 88% respectively. Prior to the additional vaccination, IAHA antibody titers significantly decreased in 50% of the subjects, and became negative in 38% of the subjects. On the other hand, a significant increase in IAHA antibody titers was observed in 25% of the subjects, and this is assumed to be the result of a subclinical infection after the initial vaccination. The positive rate of both antibodies after the additional vaccination was 100%, the mean IAHA antibody titer (Log2) after the initial/additional vaccination in seropositive subjects was 4.6/6.5, and the mean gpELISA antibody titer (Log10) was 2.3/4.0. The mean IAHA and gpELISA antibody titers were higher after the additional vaccination than after the initial vaccination (p < 0.01, p < 0.01). This is considered to be the booster effect due to the additional vaccination. At 0-2 days after the additional vaccination, a rash at the injection site was observed in 56% of the subjects, higher than the incidence after the initial vaccination (13%) (p < 0.05), but no severe systemic side reactions were observed at either the initial or the additional vaccination. In conclusion, an additional varicella vaccination 3-5 years after the initial vaccination is thought to have greater immunogenicity and is considered effective.
A comparison of free-hand<i>vs</i>laser-guided long-axis ultrasound techniques in novice users (2013)

Following from the prototype paper, this is the first study to investigate the effectiveness of attaching a laser-guidance device to an ultrasound probe. The device succeeded in reducing the procedure times of targeted procedures.
Synthesis and characterization of catalytically active thiazolium gold(<scp>i</scp>)-carbenes (2017)

Thiamin analogs were used to synthesize mono gold(i)-carbene derivatives in a single step under aqueous conditions. The resulting thiazolium gold(i)-carbenes catalyze 5-endo-dig carbocyclization of an acetylenic dicarbonyl compound in organic solvents and hydroalkoxylation of an allene in aqueous buffer.
Supplemental Calcium Application to Potatoes Reduces the Incidence of Black Spot Bruise Induced by Mechanical Harvest (2004)

Supplemental calcium application has been shown in our previous work to improve tuber quality and reduce internal defects. We evaluated the response under field conditions of five commerically significant cultivars to a combination of calcium nitrate, calcium chloride and urea (168 kg·ha -1 per season) over three seasons. We were able to determine that the cultivar with the greatest response to supplemental calcium for reduced bruising, `Atlantic' had the lowest levels of tuber tissue calcium. Conversely, cultivars with least response to supplemental calcium, `Dark Red Norland' and `Superior', had the highest levels of tuber tissue calcium. `Snowden' was both intermediate in response to calcium and tuber tissue concentration. Based on data for 3 years, we determined that across cultivars the calcium concentration at which tubers no longer respond is ≈250 ppm and ranges for individual years from 195 to 242 ppm. These results suggest that seasonal variation for individual cultivars may affect the tuber need for calcium for reduced bruising. Although the exact mechanism is not known, we believe that calcium supplemented to bulking tubers may lead to improved cell membrane stability, increased wall structure or enhanced ability of tubers to repair following injury. The results of our study show that supplemental calcium fertilization has the ability to significantly reduce the incidence of tuber bruising for several cultivars.
Experimental study on Noise Generation of a Two-Wheel Main Landing Gear (2010)

This paper deals with results of noise measurements for a 40% of two-wheel type aircraft main landing gear in lowspeed wind tunnel experiments. In order to accurately assess a noise source location and far-field characteristics during the approach phase, scale model with complex geometry which was equipped with small components such as link mechanism, hydraulic tubes and electrical wiring as well as a tire, a cylinder, a piston, doors, and a sidebrace was used. Model geometry was based on LEG (Landing gear noise Evaluation Geometry) which was designed by a gear manufacturer assuming 100-PAX class regional jet airliner. Experimental results obtained in two kinds of wind tunnels, which were 2m by 2m lowspeed wind tunnel in JAXA and large scale anechoic facility of Railway Technical Research Institute of Japan, showed dominant noise sources around a tire, a sidebrace, some parts of the door and also the junction between the cylinder and the sidebrace. Among these prominent noise sources, the tire and the sidebrace were large contributor to the total of noise level. It was found that noise characteristics around 1kHz was important not only in the amplitude but also in directivity for an actual aircraft scale. Representation of small components and geometry of an actual landing gear even in a scale model seemed to be effective of several decibels in noise level.