gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: SMALL COBALT AND NICKEL METALLOCARBORANES FROM 2,3‐C2B4H8 AND 1,6‐C2B4H6. SANDWICH COMPLEXES OF THE CYCLIC C2B3H7(2‐) AND C2B3H5(4‐) LIGANDS (1974)

Abstract Die Reaktion von NaCzB4H7 und den entsprechenden C‐Methyl‐ und C,C′‐Dimethylderivaten mit CoCl, und NaCsHs und Behandlung mit Luft, Wasser und Aceton liefert die Verbindungen (I)‐(III).
Direct reprogramming by oncogenic Ras and Myc (2013)

Genetically or epigenetically defined reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer cells. However, a causal association between genome reprogramming and cancer has not yet been conclusively established. In particular, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie metastasis of cancer, and even less is known about the identity of metastasizing cancer cells. In this study, we used a model of conditional expression of oncogenic KrasG12D allele in primary mouse cells to show that reprogramming and dedifferentiation is a fundamental early step in malignant transformation and cancer initiation. Our data indicate that stable expression of activated KrasG12D confers on cells a large degree of phenotypic plasticity that predisposes them to neoplastic transformation and acquisition of stem cell characteristics. We have developed a genetically tractable model system to investigate the origins and evolution of metastatic pancreatic cancer cells. We show that metastatic conversion of KrasG12D-expressing cells that exhibit different degrees of differentiation and malignancy can be reconstructed in cell culture, and that the proto-oncogene c-Myc controls the generation of self-renewing metastatic cancer cells. Collectively, our results support a model wherein non-stem cancer cells have the potential to dedifferentiate and acquire stem cell properties as a direct consequence of oncogene-induced plasticity. Moreover, the disturbance in the normally existing dynamic equilibrium between cancer stem cells and non-stem cancer cells allows the formation of cancer stem cells with high metastatic capacity at any time during cancer progression.
Partial Discharges in Insulating Systems of Low Voltage Electric Motors Fed by Power Electronics—Twisted-Pair Samples Evaluation (2019)

Power electronics switching devices currently represent the dominant technology for supplying low voltage (LV) electric motors. The fast switching processes exert a different class of stress on dielectric insulating materials than standard sinusoidal excitations. Such stresses result in an increase in the dynamic activity of the working electric field, which in turn lead to an increased likelihood of partial discharges (PD). The stator design of low voltage motor is often in form of random-wound windings, where the magnet wires (copper or aluminum round wires coated with thin layer of insulation) form a common system of coils with not precisely defined mutual position of particular turns, resulting in various turn-to-turn and coil-to-coil voltage distributions. Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) voltage waveforms from modern electronic inverters are characterized by very short rise times and presence of repetitively occurring overvoltages that can significantly stress the insulation of feeding cables and motors. These factors influence the inception and dynamics of PD and processes of space charge accumulation in electrical insulation. In this paper investigations performed on round magnet wire twisted-pair samples representing LV motor random-wound winding elements are presented. Special attention was afforded to the twist configurations, observed breakdown voltage and PD activity. To describe the field conditions for the formation of PD in the turn-to-turn insulation system, the results of numerical simulations of electric field distributions for winding wires with different diameters, modeled using the COMSOL program, were analyzed. PD created in the insulating systems of model twisted-pair systems were registered and analyzed using the phase resolved partial discharge analysis (PRPDA) method.
Observations of a deep tropopause fold over Darwin during the ACTIVE aircraft campaign? Implications for tropical convection (2007)

Factors affecting the intensity and frequency of deep tropical convection are important in determining the tropical radiation budget and troposphere-to-stratosphere exchange rates. This work discusses observations of an unusually deep tropopause fold associated with a breaking Rossby wave on the Southern Sub-tropical Jet, which penetrated the tropics as far north as -10oS. Ozone and radiosondes launched from Darwin, Australia, between 23 November 2005 and 27 November 2005 as part of the Aerosol and Chemical Transport in tropIcal conVEction (ACTIVE) aircraft campaign, show deep layers of characteristically stratospheric ozone-rich, low-humidity (less than 10%) air extending to 700 hPa over this period with ozone concentrations of up to 100 ppbV within such layers; exceeding climatological averages by a factor of three. Back trajectory and ECMWF analyses show these layers to be associated with the passage of a tropopause fold, with MTSAT-1R water-vapour and TOMS satellite ozone fields showing a resultant dry, ozone-rich pool residing over a large area of North West Australia during this period. Analysis of MTSAT-1R-derived cloud statistics and land-based rain gauges over the same area show markedly reduced precipitation and cloud cover during this time, with remaining convection confined to coastal zones. This reduction in convective activity may be due to the entrainment of very dry air into developing convective cells, inhibiting droplet formation and further latent heat driven convection. The frequency of such tropopause fold events and their potentially important impact on tropical convection is currently poorly characterised. These observations illustrate this importance and highlight the need for such processes to be considered in studies of tropical deep convection and tropical tropospheric chemistry.
Simulations of Ion Thruster Plume Contamination with A Whole Grid Sputtered Mo Source Model (2013)

A particle simulation based source model is developed to calculate the density distribution of the sputtered Mo atoms for a whole ion optics grid. The source model is used in PIC simulation of ion thruster plume contamination for 3-grid and 2-grid ion thrusters. The results show that the commonly used point-source approximation for sputtered Mo atoms is oversimplified and would lead to over-prediction of contamination deposition.
Synthèse d'alkylidenecyclopropanes et étude de leur réactivité vis à vis de complexes organopalladiques (1987)

Le methylenecyclopropane et le cyclopropylidene-1 pentane peuvent etre transformes en dienes-1,3 ou styrenes fonctionnalises par un processus catalytique mettant en jeu : - l'addition d'un vinyl ou d'un arylpalladium sur le carbone central du motif methylenecyclopropanique pour conduire vraisemblablement a un complexe pi -allylique du palladium via l'ouverture du cyclopropane. - la capture de ce dernier par un anion delocalise issu, soit de beta -diesters, soit de beta -sulfonylesters. Ce processus qui cree simultanement deux liaisons carbone-carbone, presente dans certains cas une regioselectivite de l'attaque nucleophile et une stereo-selectivite interessante. Par contre cette reaction realisee sur des substrats methylenecyclopropaniques substitues differement, peut conduire uniquement, dans certains cas, a des produits d'elimination plutot qu'a des composes resultant de la capture de complexes pi -allyliques par un nucleophile. Cette methode a permis , en plus, de realiser des c,n et o-cyclisations par carbopalladation des composes methylenecyclopropaniques comportant une fonction nucleophile
Cyclopropane-Containing Eicosanoids of Marine Origin. Biomimetic Synthesis of Constanolactones A and B from the Alga Constantinea simplex (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclopropane-Containing Eicosanoids of Marine Origin. Biomimetic Synthesis of Constanolactones A and B from the Alga Constantinea simplexJames D. White and Mark S. JensenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 23, 6224–6233Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00128a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00128a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1009Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Ichneumoniden der Steiermark (Hym.) (1953)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Synthesis and Secretion of Insulin-Like Growth Factor and Its Binding Protein by the Perfused Rat Liver: Dependence on Growth Hormone Status<sup>*</sup> (1983)

Isolated livers of normal and hypophysectomized (hypox) rats with or without GH replacement therapy were perfused in an erythrocyte-free recirculating perfusion system for 4 h in the presence of [35S]cysteine. Albumin secretion and synthesis increased in a parallel and linear fashion over 4 h. The albumin secretion rates were 0.53 and 0.21 mg/g liver h-1 in normal and hypox animals, respectively. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) secretion, measured as insulin equivalents in the fat cell assay as well as in a competitive protein binding assay, and IGF synthesis, as determined from [35S]cysteine incorporation into immunoprecipitable IGF, likewise increased linearly and in parallel throughout the perfusion time. The IGF secretion rate was 50 microU/g liver h-1. The secreted IGF had a molecular weight of approximately 7700 daltons. Secretion and synthesis of IGF were reduced to 11% in hypox rats and were largely restored by human GH replacement therapy (to 86% of normal). A single specific binding protein with an approximate molecular weight of 35,000 was detected in the perfusate. The binding protein was measured by covalent cross-linkage to [125I]IGF I by dimethylsuberimidate. The secretion of this binding protein was 62% of normal in hypox animals and 79% in GH-treated hypox rats. The data suggest that IGF is continuously synthesized and released by the liver. Assuming a half-life for IGF of 3 h in the normal rat, a plasma volume of 8 ml, and a liver weight of 8.5 g, the rate of IGF production by the perfused normal rat liver (50 microU/g liver h-1) would be sufficient to maintain serum IGF at the concentration determined in normal rat serum (approximately 130 microU/ml). This suggests that the liver is the major site of IGF production in the rat.
Preparations, Crystal Structures, and Unusual Proton NMR Characteristics of Some Phthalimides (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparations, Crystal Structures, and Unusual Proton NMR Characteristics of Some PhthalimidesDawn M. Y. Barrett, Ishenkumba A. Kahwa, Joel T. Mague, and Gary L. McPhersonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 18, 5946–5953Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00123a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00123a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views481Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (4)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Evaluating spoken language interaction (1989)

To study the spoken language interface in the context of a complex problem-solving task, a group of users were asked to perform a spreadsheet task, alternating voice and keyboard input. A total of 40 tasks were performed by each participant, the first thirty in a group (over several days), the remaining ones a month later. The voice spreadsheet program used in this study was extensively instrumented to provide detailed information about the components of the interaction. These data, as well as analysis of the participants's utterances and recognizer output, provide a fairly detailed picture of spoken language interaction.Although task completion by voice took longer than by keyboard, analysis shows that users would be able to perform the spreadsheet task faster by voice, if two key criteria could be met: recognition occurs in real-time, and the error rate is sufficiently low. This initial experience with a spoken language system also allows us to identify several metrics, beyond those traditionally associated with speech recognition, that can be used to characterize system performance.
Statistics of Counting (1979)

Most experiments which involve radioisotopes require the quantitative estimation of radioactivity based on the number of counts recorded by some detecting apparatus during a given time interval. If one takes a sample of radioactive material (with a half-life which is long compared with the time scale of this experiment) and counts the number of decays detected in a series of equal time intervals, statistical fluctuations in the decay rate will produce different numerical values for most of the recorded results. For example, Table 4.1 shows the results of one such experiment where a radioactive sample was counted for 10 one-minute periods and the following results were obtained:
Involvement of Cyclin D1 and E2F1 in Intramedullary Apoptosis in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (2003)

An unusually high incidence of apoptosis in S-phase cells is characteristically found in the bone marrow (BM) of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Previously, E2F1, c-myc, and Cyclin D1 have been shown to bring about both S-phase changes and/or apoptotic changes. We have already found a stoichiometric imbalance between pRb and E2F1 causing deregulated E2F1 activity in these disorders. In the present study, we investigated the status of Cyclin D1 in relation to E2F1 and apoptosis in 19 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of MDS in comparison with 6 healthy donors. Cyclin D1 was localized immunohistochemically using a specific monoclonal antibody (1:150 dilution) in plastic-embedded BM sections. The nuclear localization of Cyclin D1 graded on a subjective rating scale of 0 (negligible staining) to 8+ (highest), demonstrated negligible levels in normal marrows (median 1+), and in 11/19 evaluable MDS marrows. In contrast, 8/19 MDS biopsies showed an almost four-fold increase in Cyclin D1 localization (p< or =0.001). A western blot analysis of E2F1 in corresponding bone marrow (BM) aspirate mononuclear cells (MNC) demonstrated that the MDS patients with elevated Cyclin D1 expression also had a significant increase in E2F1 protein (p< or =0.03). Additionally, these patients revealed higher levels of mRNA of one of the E2F1 transcriptional target genes, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR, p=0.01). Subsequently, the relationship of Cyclin D1 with apoptosis was elucidated in a colocalization experiment in BM biopsy sections using immunohistochemistry for Cyclin D1 and in situ end labeling of DNA (ISEL) for apoptosis. The percentage of ISEL-positive apoptotic cells was several fold higher in MDS as compared to normal BMs (p=0.009). Interestingly, 7-41% (median 20%) of the apoptotic cells in different MDS BMs revealed co-localization of Cyclin D1 in their nucleus, whereas in normal BMs co-localization was virtually absent (p=0.008). Thus, it is possible that in a subset of MDS patients, apoptotic death of bone marrow cells may involve Cyclin D1/E2F1 pathway.
Adaptive Asset Allocation Policies (2010)

Frequency: Yearly ISSN: 0015-198X eISSN: 1938-3312 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0015198X.2021.1965861 Abstract Assets whose carry is trending up, namely, assets with high carry momentum, tend to have higher returns than those with low carry momentum. Using data from different asset classes, we show that portfolios with high-carry-momentum assets delivered higher returns than portfolios with low-carry-momentum assets. The return differentials cannot be explained by exposure to traditional market risks or by such seemingly related factors as time-series momentum and carry. The results can be motivated by a model in which investors’ demand for an asset depends on the market’s view on the expected returns. An increase in carry raises investors’ belief in the attractiveness of an asset, leading to the possibility for higher demand in the market and in turn to the potential for higher prices and positive returns.
Overview of Metastasis Assays (2001)

During tumor progression, cells acquire genetic and proteomic changes as they transform from normal to hyperplastic, through dysplasia, to carcinoma in situ, and finally to invasive and metastatic. The time course of progression may extend as far back as 10 years prior to diagnosis. Discerning the mechanism whereby tumor cells execute metastatic dissemination may provide the foundation necessary for successful treatment of the disease. For example, direct genetic evidence has linked in situ breast cancer to invasive carcinoma of the breast supporting the generally accepted assumption that carcinoma in situ of the breast is a clonal expansion of hyperproliferating cells. This in turn may provide a more comprehensive and/or functionally directed target strategy for intervention and prevention of breast cancer. This overview provides a picture of the processes related to metastasis and the experimental approaches used to study these processes.
Spherical cloaking using nonlinear transformations for improved segmentation into concentric isotropic coatings (2009)

Two novel classes of spherical invisibility cloaks based on nonlinear transformation have been studied. The cloaking characteristics are presented by segmenting the nonlinear transformation based spherical cloak into concentric isotropic homogeneous coatings. Detailed investigations of the optimal discretization (e.g., thickness control of each layer, nonlinear factor, etc.) are presented for both linear and nonlinear spherical cloaks and their effects on invisibility performance are also discussed. The cloaking properties and our choice of optimal segmentation are verified by the numerical simulation of not only near-field electric-field distribution but also the far-field radar cross section (RCS).
Photochemical studies of (η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)Ru(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cl and (η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)Ru(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Me: formation of Si–H and C–H bond activation products (2013)

Studies examining the photochemical reactivity of CpRu(PPh3)2Cl and CpRu(PPh3)2Me towards the two electron donor ligands PEt3, C2H4, DMSO, the CH bond activatable reagents tetrahydrofuran, toluene, and pyridine, and the SiH bond activatable reagents HSiEt3 and HSi(Me)2CH=CH2) are presented. Broadband UV irradiation of CpRu(PPh3)2Cl leads to the formation of mono-substitution products such as CpRu(PPh3)(PEt3)Cl which are inert to further photochemical reaction, although thermally bis-substituted products such as CpRu(PEt3)2Cl can be formed. Room temperature irradiation of the related complex CpRu(PPh3)2Me with L = PEt3, C2H4, and DMSO also produces CpRu(PPh3)(L)Me. However, when these reactions are followed by in situ laser irradiation (325 nm source) at low temperature, three solvent activated isomers (ortho, meta and para) of CpRu(PPh3)2(C6H4Me) are detected in toluene in addition to η(1)- and η(3)-coordinated benzyl species. Furthermore, photolysis in THF leads to both the C-D bond activation product CpRu(PPh3)2(OC4D7) and the labile coordination complex CpRu(PPh3)(THF)Me. Now CH4 rather than CH3D is liberated which suggests the involvement of an orthometallated species. The photochemically driven reaction of CpRu(PPh3)2Me with HSiEt3 at 198 K generates CpRu(κ(2)-2-C6H4PPh2)(SiEt3)H and thereby confirms a role for an orthometallated complex is this process. Irradiation in cyclohexane produces the known orthometallated complex, CpRu(κ(2)-2-C6H4PPh2)(PPh3), and CH4 in accordance with this reactivity.