gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biting and resting behaviour of anophelines in western Venezuela and implications for control of malaria transmission (1992)

A study was conducted in three villages in western Venezuela between February 1988 and October 1989 to determine the biting and resting activity of anophelines in relation to human habits, rainfall and fenitrothion spraying of houses. Mosquitoes were collected landing on humans inside and outside experimental huts throughout the night. Only three mosquitoes were found resting in the huts in the morning, but 2470 were collected resting on vegetation in the early morning. The collections yielded eleven species of anopheline, the most abundant being Anopheles nuneztovari, comprising over 75% of the total anophelines collected, followed by An.triannulatus, An.albitarsis s.l. and An.oswaldoi. The four most abundant species showed different diel patterns of biting. For An.nuneztovari the peak of activity was close to midnight indoors and outdoors, for An.triannulatus between 19.00 and 20.00 hours outdoors, for An.albitarsis mainly before midnight indoors and outdoors and for An.oswaldoi outdoors at 19.00 hours, with an additional smaller peak indoors at midnight. Most of the human population use bednets, go to bed before 22.00 hours and are therefore most exposed to mosquitoes that bite outdoors early in the night. Fenitrothion house-spraying failed to prevent large mosquito populations developing in the wet season, presumably because of their exophilic resting habits. The possible advantages of impregnation of existing bednets with pyrethroids, and provision of nets for people who do not have them, are discussed.
AFLP and PCR markers for the Ht1, Ht2, Ht3 and Htn1 resistance genes in maize (2001)

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Maize is undoubtedly South Africa's most important field crop. The identification of
markers and genes for traits of interest is important to sustain the improvement of
maize cultivation. Northern corn leaf blight (NClB) is a disease that occurs worldwide
and can dramatically reduce yield. A number of single dominant resistance
genes have been identified for NClB and some have been mapped. Currently there
are no simple PCR markers for any of these resistance genes, making markerassisted
selection (MAS) difficult.
The aim of this study was to develop PCR markers for the NClB resistance genes
Ht1, Ht2, Ht3 and Htn1 in maize. To accomplish this, the AFlP (amplified fragment
length polymorphism) technique was first optimised. The results indicated that the
Mlul/Msel restriction enzyme combination produces a higher percentage of
polymorph isms when compared to the PstllMsel enzyme combination. It was also
shown that the enzyme combination plays an important role in the percentage of
polymorphic fragments observed, whereas the number of restriction enzymes used in
AFlP analysis only significantly affects the total number of fragments scored.
Populations segregating for the different resistance genes were not available for this
study. Nearly-isogenic lines (Nils) were used in combination with AFlP technology
to identify markers that map close to the genes. AFlP markers common in at least
two resistant or susceptible lines were cloned and converted to PCR markers. Two
commercially available recombinant inbred line (Ril) populations were then used to
map the identified markers.
For Htn1 fifteen polymorphic fragments were present in both resistant lines. They
were selected for sequence specific marker conversion. Seven of the fifteen
sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers were polymorphic on the
Nil pairs and five mapped to one region of maize chromosome 8.05/06. Twenty-one
AFlP markers were identified for Ht1 and four SCAR markers were polymorphic In
the Ht1 Nils. Three of these were mapped to chromosome 2.07. Three AFlP
markers were identified for Ht2 of which two were converted to SCAR markers. Both
SCAR markers were polymorphic on the Ht2 Nils and mapped to chromosome 8.05/06. On the Ht3 NILs, four AFLP markers were identified and two converted
SCAR markers and one microsatellite marker (bnlg1666) were polymorphic. One of
the SCAR markers and the microsatellite marker were mapped to chromosome 7.04
using a RIL population. This reports the first tentative mapping position for the Ht3
locus.
The next step was to determine if a set of marker alleles could be used in a number
of Htn 1 resistance lines to identify a common donor region selected by the breeders.
Nine markers consisting of five SCAR markers, three converted RFLP markers and
one microsatellite marker were used on 16 Htn1 resistant lines. The marker allele of
us3 was in 12 of the 16 lines in coupling with Htn1 resistance. Second was the
marker us5 in 11 of the 16 lines. Using this data 14 of…
New Sesquiterpene Hydroquinones from a Taiwanese Marine Sponge, <i>Hippospongia </i><i>m</i><i>etachromia</i> (2001)

In addition to metachromins A (1), B (2), and E (9), two new sesquiterpene hydroquinones, hippochromins A and B (3, 4), were isolated from the Taiwanese marine sponge Hippospongia metachromia. The structures of 4--6 were established by extensive 2D NMR analysis. Metachromins A (1) and B (2), hippochromin A diacetate (5), and metachromin B monoacetate (8) exhibited potent cytotoxicities against human colon (COLO-205) and nasopharyngeal (KB) tumor cells, while compounds 6, 7, and 9 were inactive.
Position sensitive detection system in a read-only optical head - a novel approach (1994)

A proposal for a novel detection system is presented for the readout of a ROM optical disk system. This system has been designed for fast access by reducing the mass of the moving head to that of a lens array which is used for both focus and tracking, all other components remaining fixed. The lens array is required to move a maximum of 1 mm in the radial direction at any time. The detection system uses two pairs of position sensitive detectors and two rows of multiple light sources. An LCD shutter placed in front of the detectors allows only one spot of light to be incident on them at any one time. Component count of the system is kept to a minimum using finite plastic conjugate lens arrays (FPLAs), thereby reducing the optical component count to two pairs of objective lens arrays, two pairs of astigmatic lens arrays and a half silvered beam splitter. By using this system it is hoped that access times will be reduced considerably. Furthermore, using the constant angular velocity (CAV) method for data retrieval, the access time may be reduced to that of current magnetic hard disk system.<
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Suicide With Hydrogen Sulfide (2013)

This presentation will address the recent rise of suicide deaths resulting from the asphyxiation by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas.Hydrogen sulfide poisoning has been an infrequently encountered cause of death in medical examiner practice. Most H2S deaths that have been reported occurred in association with industrial exposure.More recently, H2S has been seen in the commission of suicide, particularly in Japan. Scattered reports of this phenomenon have also appeared in the United States.We have recently observed 2 intentional asphyxial deaths in association with H2S. In both cases, the decedents committed suicide in their automobiles. They generated H2S by combining a sulfide-containing tree spray with toilet bowl cleaner (with an active ingredient of hydrogen chloride acid). Both death scenes prompted hazardous materials team responses because of notes attached to the victims' car windows indicating the presence of toxic gas. Autopsy findings included discoloration of lividity and an accentuation of the gray matter of the brain. Toxicology testing confirmed H2S exposure with the demonstration of high levels of thiosulfate in blood.In summary, suicide with H2S appears to be increasing in the United States.
RNase activity in erythroid cell lysates (1969)

The characteristics of degradation of reticulocyte ribonucleic acid (RNA) and ribosomes were studied in a whole erythroid cell lysate system. The process followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and indicated that RNA degradation in the erythroid cell is mediated by an enzyme previously isolated from reticulocyte hemolysates. Erythroid cell RNase activity had a temperature optimum of 50 degrees C, a pH optimum of 7.0, was not energy dependent, was heat labile at physiologic pH, and was inhibited by Mg(++), Ca(++), and exposure to bentonite and deoxycholate. Free sulfhydryl groups were not essential for RNase activity. Of the substrates occurring naturally within the erythroid cell, isolated ribosomal RNA was most susceptible to the action of the enzyme, intact ribosomes least susceptible, and transfer RNA intermediate between them. Natural substrates were degraded completely to nucleotides in cell lysates. Competitive inhibition studies indicate that one enzyme system is capable of degrading both RNA and ribosomes, although the existence of more than one enzyme has not been excluded. Erythroid cell lysates quickly broke down polyribosomes into single ribosomes. The more rapid degradation of ribosomes, as compared with transfer RNA, which occurs in vivo, as opposed to findings in vitro, suggests that there is a special intracellular mechanism responsible for ribosome degradation in the maturing erythroid cell.
A spatio-temporal semantic model for multimedia database systems and multimedia information systems (2001)

As more information sources become available in multimedia systems, the development of abstract semantic models for video, audio, text, and image data is becoming very important. An abstract semantic model has two requirements: it should be rich enough to provide a friendly interface of multimedia presentation synchronization schedules to the users and it should be a good programming data structure for implementation in order to control multimedia playback. An abstract semantic model based on an augmented transition network (ATN) is presented. The inputs for ATNs are modeled by multimedia input strings. Multimedia input strings provide an efficient means for iconic indexing of the temporal/spatial relations of media streams and semantic objects. An ATN and its subnetworks are used to represent the appearing sequence of media streams and semantic objects. The arc label is a substring of a multimedia input string. In this design, a presentation is driven by a multimedia input string. Each subnetwork has its own multimedia input string. Database queries relative to text, image, and video can be answered via substring matching at subnetworks. Multimedia browsing allows users the flexibility to select any part of the presentation they prefer to see. This means that the ATN and its subnetworks can be included in multimedia database systems which are controlled by a database management system (DBMS). User interactions and loops are also provided in an ATN. Therefore, ATNs provide three major capabilities: multimedia presentations, temporal/spatial multimedia database searching, and multimedia browsing.
Cellular neural network architecture for Gibbs random-field-based image segmentation (1998)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Netlisting and Modeling Well-Proximity Effects (2006)

In advanced CMOS technologies, transistor characteristics depend not only on the layout of the device itself but also on the layout of the adjacent structures. For the compact model to accurately predict circuit behavior, it needs information about the transistor and the structures surrounding it. For the simulator to efficiently handle a large number of transistors, the information about the surrounding layout must be reduced to a small number of parameters for each transistor instance. The parameters must be such that they can be efficiently calculated from the layout by the layout-versus-schematic tool. This paper describes the solution chosen by the Government Electronics and Information Technology Association Compact Model Council for modeling the effect of well edges near a transistor and proposes general guidelines for efficient solutions for modeling other proximity layout effects
"Conquest: How Societies Overwhelm Others by David Day". New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2008 (2010)

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Memory in multiple sclerosis: Contextual encoding deficits (2002)

Long-term memory (LTM) is one of the diverse cognitive functions adversely affected by multiple sclerosis (MS). The LTM deficits have often been attributed to failure of retrieval, whereas encoding processes are presumed intact. However, support for this view comes primarily from studies in which encoding and retrieval operations were not investigated systematically. In the current study, we used an encoding specificity paradigm to examine the robustness of encoding in MS and to specifically evaluate the impact of the disease on contextual memory. We hypothesized that persons with MS would exhibit a selective impairment in retrieving items from LTM when required to generate new cue-target associations at encoding, but not when cues held a strong preexisting relationship to the targets. The findings supported the hypotheses. We conclude that the mnemonic deficits associated with MS affect both encoding and retrieval. Specifically, problems with binding of contextual information at encoding impair effective retrieval of memories. Nonetheless, access to these memories can be gained through preexisting associations organized in the semantic network.
La lectura en su dimensión formativa (2001)

Es por todo conocido que en Psicologí­a se lee mucho. El estudiante de psicología en su proceso de formación y capacitación requiere de la lectura para su desarrollo personal y profesional. La lectura es un instrumento que propicia el entendimiento y enriquece al individuo dentro y fuera de la academia. Sin ánimo de pecar por exceso, es posible estimar que un estudiante, en los dos primeros semestres de su formación académica, lea aproximadamente un libro por asignatura, lo cual puede considerarse como poco satisfactorio, tomando en cuenta los niveles alcanzados en otros países donde una persona promedio, no necesariamente con formación universitaria, está en capacidad de leer mas de dos textos al mes y donde la infraestructura cultural es mayor.
Survey of Proposed Use Cases for the IPv6 Flow Label (2011)

The IPv6 protocol includes a flow label in every packet header, but
this field is not used in practice. This paper describes the flow
label standard and discusses the implementation issues that it raises.
It then describes various published proposals for using the flow
label, and shows that most of them are inconsistent with the standard.
Methods to address this problem are briefly reviewed. We also question
whether the standard should be revised.
Estimating the energy source and reflectivity by seismic inversion (1995)

Data produced by a reproducible source contains redundant information which allows seismic inversion to simultaneously determine the high-frequency fluctuation in the P-wave velocity (or reflectivity) as well as the input energy source. The seismogram model is the plane-wave convolutional model derived from the constant density, variable sound velocity acoustic wave equation. The first step is to analyse this linearized model when the background velocity is constant. Then perturbations in the seismic data stably determine corresponding perturbations in the source and reflectivity. The stability of this determination improves as the slowness aperture over which the data is defined increases. Further, the normal operator for the convolutional seismogram model is continuous with respect to velocity. Thus the stability result for constant background velocities may be extended to more realistic background velocity models which vary slowly and smoothly with depth. The theory above is illustrated with four synthetic numerical examples derived from marine data. The examples indicate that for a wide slowness aperture, inversion is very effective in establishing the true shape of the reflectivity and the shape and location of the compactly supported energy source. As this aperture window narrows, the corresponding inversion-estimated model still describes the data quite accurately, but the inversion is not able to recover the original two distinct parameters.
Modeling the Kinetics and Mechanisms of Petroleum and Natural Gas Generation: A First Principles Approach (2001)

Research Article| January 01, 2001 Modeling the Kinetics and Mechanisms of Petroleum and Natural Gas Generation: A First Principles Approach Yitian Xiao Yitian Xiao ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, 3319 Mercer Street, Houston, Texas, 77027-6019, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Yitian Xiao ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, 3319 Mercer Street, Houston, Texas, 77027-6019, U.S.A. Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America First Online: 14 Jul 2017 © The Mineralogical Society Of America Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (2001) 42 (1): 383–436. https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2001.42.11 Article history First Online: 14 Jul 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Yitian Xiao; Modeling the Kinetics and Mechanisms of Petroleum and Natural Gas Generation: A First Principles Approach. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 2001;; 42 (1): 383–436. doi: https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2001.42.11 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyReviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Search Advanced Search The last twenty years have seen great advances in the understanding of petroleum and natural gas resulting from the application of new technologies, in particular high-resolution analytical and spectroscopic methods. These advances, coupled with traditional use of natural observation and experimental simulations, have enabled the development of mathematical models which can predict the kinetics of petroleum and natural gas generation and migration in basin models (Tissot and Welte 1984; Allara and Shaw 1980; Savage and Klein 1987; Barth and Nielsen 1993; Freund 1992; Broadbelt et al. 1995; Larter 1984; Horsefield et al.... You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
Exploiting the icon arrangement on mobile devices as information source for context-awareness (2010)

The contextual relevance of a service can only be determined by the human himself. However, a measure for relevance is required for context-aware service delivery. In this paper, we draw attention to icon arrangement on mobile devices as a new source of information for adaptive menus. We conducted contextual inquiries to investigate how people arrange icons on a grid-based menu. Our results show that context has an impact on how users arrange their menus: during different activities they prefer different icons to be placed at specific positions. We discuss layout options for icon menus and argue how the relevance can be approximated by observing the icon arrangement. Our results informed the design of a context-aware client for mobile services, which is presented as a prototype.
Chronic activation of ERK and neurodegenerative diseases (2003)

The extracellular-signal regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK or ERKs) are involved in the regulation of important neuronal functions, including neuronal plasticity in normal and pathological conditions. We present findings that support the notion that the kinetics and localization of ERK are intrinsically linked, in that the duration of ERK activation dictates its subcellular compartmentalization and/or trafficking. The latter, in turn, dictates whether ERK-expressing cells would enter a program of cell death, survival or differentiation. We summarize experimental data showing that chronic activation of ERK plays a role in the mechanisms that trigger neurodegeneration. We also discuss how MKPs, members of the subclass of dual specificity phosphatases, might be the link between ERK kinetics and its subcellular localization.
[Modulation of the effect of morphine on the isolated guinea pig intestine by noradrenaline and serotonin]. (1981)

The interference of NA and 5-HT on Morphine inhibition on electrically-driven guinea-pig ileum was investigated. The alpha-antagonist Phentolamine (1 gamma/ml) and alpha MT-pretreatment reduced Morphine inhibition on muscle twitch. Similarly, ilea taken from pCPA-pretreated animals were less sensitive to the opioid. In contrast, both NA or 5-HT added either to normal or to amine-depleted tissue enhance Morphine inhibition. Therefore, not only in the brain but also in the guinea-pig ileum NA and 5-HT enhanced opioid effect.
Simulation of abrasive water jet cutting process: Part 2. Cellular automata approach (2004)

A new two-dimensional cellular automata (CA) model for the simulation of the abrasive water jet (AWJ) cutting process is presented. The CA calculates the shape of the cutting front, which can be used as an estimation of the surface quality. The cutting front is formed based on material removal rules and AWJ propagation rules. The material removal rule calculates when a particular part of the material will be removed with regard to the energy of AWJ. The AWJ propagation rule calculates the distribution of AWJ energy through CA by using a weighted average. The modelling with CA also provides a visual narrative of the moving of the cutting front, which is hard to observe in real process. The algorithm is fast and has been successfully tested in comparison to cutting fronts obtained with cutting experiments of aluminium alloy.
Multiple Labeling of Antibodies with Dye/DNA Conjugate for Sensitivity Improvement in Fluorescence Immunoassay (2007)

Fluorescence immunoassays are widely used in life science research, medical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring due to the intrinsically high specificity, simplicity, and versatility of immunoassays, as well as the availability of a large variety of fluorescent labeling molecules. However, the sensitivity needs to be improved to meet the ever-increasing demand in the new proteomics era. Here, we report a simple method of attaching multiple fluorescent labels on an antibody with a dye/DNA conjugate to increase the immunoassay sensitivity. In the work, mouse IgG adsorbed on the surface of a 96-well plate was detected by its immunoreaction with biotinylated goat anti-mouse antibody. A 30 base pair double-stranded oligonucleotide terminated with biotin was attached to the antibody through the biotin/streptavidin/biotin interaction. Multiple labeling of the antibody was achieved after a fluorescent DNA probe was added into the solution and bound to the oligonucleotide at high ratios. By comparison with fluorescein-labeled streptavidin, the assay with the dye/DNA label produced up to 10-fold increase in fluorescence intensity, and consequently about 10-fold lower detection limit. The multiple labeling method uses readily available reagents, and is simple to implement. Further sensitivity improvement can be obtained by using longer DNAs for antibody labeling, which can incorporate more fluorescent dyes on each DNA.