gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Apolipoprotein A-I on Apoptosis and Cytokine Production in Human Neutrophils (2011)

Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. This study was designed to investigate whether apoA-I affects apoptosis and cytokine production of human blood neutrophils in an in vitro culture system. Spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils was significantly delayed by apoA-I. In addition, high density lipoprotein containing apoA-I also delayed apoptosis of neutrophils. Apoptosis of neutrophils was inhibited by anti-scavenger receptor type B-I antibodies. The amounts of interleukin-8, interferon (IFN)-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the supernatants of cultured neutrophils treated with apoA-I were significantly increased. Combined treatment of neutrophils with IFN-γ and apoA-I produced higher amounts of IP-10 and TNF-α than did treatment with IFN-γ or apoA-I alone. The present study reveals that apoA-I activates neutrophils to produce cytokines and delays spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils. These findings suggest that apoA-I, although a well-known negative acute-phase protein, has a pro-inflammatory effect in neutrophils.
Contact lens-related microbial keratitis : What can epidemiologic studies tell us? (2003)

Since the publication of large-scale population based studies to estimate the risks of contact lens-related microbial keratitis, the lens types and modes of wear have changed considerably, with the introduction of silicone hydrogel contact lenses for continuous wear of up to 30 nights and daily disposable contact lenses. It is time to consider epidemiologic studies to estimate the absolute and relative risk of microbial keratitis associated with these new exposures. This article summarizes current knowledge of the estimates and determinants of risk associated with re-useable hydrogel lenses and discusses study design considerations for future studies. The absolute risk of microbial keratitis to the wearer has been remarkably stable since 1989. Risk factors consistently associated with increased risk have included overnight wear, the duration of continuous overnight wear, lower socioeconomic class, smoking, and lens hygiene practice, specifically in daily wear lenses. Men seem to be at a slightly higher risk compared to women. Factors such as the lens age, duration of wear or wear history, and time since the last aftercare visit do not seem to modulate risk. Outstanding questions include whether the risk has changed over time, whether the risk is modified with daily disposable or silicone hydrogel wear, whether the risk is different for 6 or 30 nights of continuous wear, or whether the severity of the disease or spectrum of causative organisms has been modified with new lens types. Different study designs have been used to derive risk data in contact lens wear, including cohort, surveillance, and case-control designs. An appreciation of the advantages and limitations of each of these approaches will assist in the planning of future studies to address these outstanding questions.
Biosynthesis, characterization, and evaluation of bioactivities of leaf extract-mediated biocompatible gold nanoparticles from Alternanthera bettzickiana (2018)

The objective of the study was to synthesize gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) using leaf extract of <i>Alternanthera bettzickiana (A. bettzickiana</i>). The biosynthesized Au NPs were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Zeta potential and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Morphologically, the Au NPs showed spherical shaped structures. Size distribution of Au NPs calculated using Scherrer's formula, showed an average size of 80-120 nm. Au NPs were studied for <i>invitro</i> anti-bacterial and cytotoxic activities. Au NPs exhibited significant anti-microbial activity against <i>Bacillu subtilis</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Salmonella typhi</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeroginosa</i>, <i>Micrococcus luteus</i>, and <i>Enterobacter aerogenes</i> by agar well diffusion method. The cytotoxic effect of the biogenic synthesized Au NPs against A549 human lung cancer cell lines provided a vigorous evidence of anticancer activity of Au NPs. Further, the toxicity study of the green synthesized Au NPs on <i>Danio rerio</i> (Zebra fish) embryo was evaluated. This study reports that colloidal Au NPs can be synthesized by simple, non-hazardous methods and that bio-synthesized Au NPs have significant therapeutic properties.
Characterization of 17-β-Estradiol-dependent and -independent Somatostatin Receptor Subtypes in Rat Anterior Pituitary (1989)

Abstract Previous studies from this laboratory showed that treatment with 17-beta-estradiol (E2) caused an acquisition of inhibitory effect of somatostatin (SRIF) on prolactin release with an increased number of SRIF-binding sites in the rat anterior pituitary. The aim of this study was to characterize the E2-dependent SRIF receptor in comparison with the E2-independent one, which was expressed in ovariectomized rats. The following observations were obtained: 1) both of the E2-dependent and E2-independent SRIF receptors, measured with 125I-Tyr11-SRIF as a radiolabeled ligand, were enriched in the plasma membrane fraction of the cells, displaying a single class of binding site (E2-dependent: Kd, 32 pM, Bmax, 2.3 pmol/mg protein; E2-independent: Kd, 83 pM, Bmax, 0.26 pmol/mg protein). The ligand binding to both receptors was sensitive to monovalent and divalent cations, and GTP. 2) Among the SRIF analogs tested, the relative potencies of SRIF28 and its analog and cyclosomatostatin compared with SRIF were lower in the E2-dependent receptor than in the E2-independent one. 3) A cross-linking study with N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-4-azido-benzoate revealed that the molecular weight of the cross-linked E2-dependent receptor was approximately 94,000, whereas that of the E2-independent one was 82,000, irrespective of the presence of a reducing reagent. The molecular weight of SRIF receptor from normal male or female rat pituitary was similar to the E2-independent type. 4) Both types of the cross-linked SRIF receptors were solubilized by sucrose monolaurate, adsorbed to a wheat germ agglutinin-agarose column, and eluted with N-acetyl-glucosamine. 5) SRIF inhibited the forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the pituitary membranes from E2-treated rats, but it did not in the E2-depleted membranes. These results demonstrate that there are at least two subtypes of SRIF receptor in the rat anterior pituitary, one of which is exclusively expressed by the treatment with E2, and that these subtypes are distinct with respect to ligand binding specificity, molecular weight, and coupling to adenylate cyclase inhibition.
Cytokine profile of sickle cell disease in Oman (2004)

The aim of our study was to assess the cytokine profile of sickle cell disease (SCD) patients in steady state and in vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC). VOC has a complex nature, involving interactions between sickle red blood cells (RBC), the endothelium, and leucocytes. Endothelial damage due to recurrent adhesion of sickle RBCs may disrupt endothelial function, leading to altered cytokine release. It is therefore pertinent to study the cytokine profile of SCD patients in steady state and in crisis prior to exploring its contribution to vaso-occlusive manifestations, since it is believed that an altered balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines plays an important role in painful crisis. Cytokines including IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma were measured by commercially available ELISA kits in SCD patients (n = 60); in steady state (n = 26) and in painful crisis (n = 34) and compared with nonanemic age- and sex-matched normal Omani controls (n = 20). SCD patients in crisis showed elevated levels of TNF-alpha (P < 0.092) and IL-6 (P < 0.024) when compared with steady state. It was also observed that SCD patients in steady state showed a significant elevation in IL-1beta (P < 0.04), IL-6 (P < 0.0001), and IFN-gamma (P < 0.02) as compared to normal subjects. It is thus evident that both type I and type II cytokines are significantly altered in SCD patients. In steady state, type II proinflammatory cytokines are elevated, whereas in crisis, an additional augmentation of type I cytokines occurs, with persistent elevation of type II cytokines, emphasizing the role of perturbed endothelium and activated monocytes in the pathophysiology of vaso-occlusion in sickle cell crisis.
Introduction: learner corpus research – past, present and future (2015)

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SERIAL OBSERVATIONS OF FOLLICULAR MORPHOLOGY NEAR OVULATION IN <i>MACACA FASCICULARIS</i> (1972)

Summary. The current investigation adapted photographic techniques to the laparoscope to characterize the morphology of follicular development in Macaca fascicularis. A vascular network was found to emerge on the surface of the ovary 30 hr before ovulation and provided the most reliable indication of follicular development. Within 10 hr of ovulation, a single vessel became established on the centre of the follicular wall. Stigmata were observed on either side of this vessel. Postovulatory follicular changes permitted the diagnosis of ovulation by laparoscopy.
Dengue NS1-specific antibody responses: Isotype distribution and serotyping in patients with dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever (2000)

To understand the antibody responses to dengue (DEN) nonstructural 1 (NS1) glycoprotein and their roles in protective immunity or pathogenesis of dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), we have analyzed the NS1-speccific IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies from patients with DF and DHF. An isotype-specific, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established by coating a NS1-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb), D2/8-1, to capture soluble NS1 antigens secreted in the culture supernatants of Vero cells infected with DEN virus. We observed strong anti-NS1 antibody responses in all of the convalescent sera of patients with DF and DHF. Similar NS1-specific isotypic and serotypic antibody responses were found in the sera from DF and DHF patients. The results showed that all DEN infections induced significant NS1-specific IgG, whereas 75% and 60% of primary DF patients vs. 40% and 90% of secondary DF patients produced IgM and IgA antibodies, respectively. Specificity analysis showed that DEN NS1-specific IgG and IgA antibodies cross-react strongly to Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus NS1 glycoprotein, whereas DEN NS1-specific IgM antibodies do not cross-react to JE virus NS1 glycoprotein at all. The serotype specificity of NS1-specific IgM, IgA and IgG were found to be 80%, 67% and 75% for primary infections, and 50%, 22% and 30% for secondary infections in positive samples of DF patients. Similar pattern was found in DHF patients. The results showed that all of the DF and DHF patients produced significant NS1-specific antibodies. We did not observe direct correlation between the anti-NS1 antibody responses and DHF because sera from patients with DF and DHF showed similar anti-NS1 antibody responses.
Security Analysis of a Single Sign-On Mechanism for Distributed Computer Networks (2012)

Single sign-on (SSO) is a new authentication mechanism that enables a legal user with a single credential to be authenticated by multiple service providers in a distributed computer network. Recently, Chang and Lee proposed a new SSO scheme and claimed its security by providing well-organized security arguments. In this paper, however, we demonstrative that their scheme is actually insecure as it fails to meet credential privacy and soundness of authentication. Specifically, we present two impersonation attacks. The first attack allows a malicious service provider, who has successfully communicated with a legal user twice, to recover the user's credential and then to impersonate the user to access resources and services offered by other service providers. In another attack, an outsider without any credential may be able to enjoy network services freely by impersonating any legal user or a nonexistent user. We identify the flaws in their security arguments to explain why attacks are possible against their SSO scheme. Our attacks also apply to another SSO scheme proposed by Hsu and Chuang, which inspired the design of the Chang–Lee scheme. Moreover, by employing an efficient verifiable encryption of RSA signatures proposed by Ateniese, we propose an improvement for repairing the Chang–Lee scheme. We promote the formal study of the soundness of authentication as one open problem.
Gestión de crisis de un simulacro. Elementos para la formación (2010)

Este trabajo parte de la experiencia obtenida en nuestra participacion en el ejercicio de Gestion de Crisis denominado Crisis Task Force en formato de agrupacion interservicios para adquirir habilidades operativas de coordinacion, mando y control. Desarrollando habilidades para conseguir que diferentes servicios trabajen de manera integrada en la gestion de una gran catastrofe.
Se trato de reproducir de la manera mas cercana posible las condiciones y funcionamiento reales. Recibir, asentar, vivir y desarrollar ejercicios interdisciplinarios de atencion a las catastrofes, resolviendo en conjunto las necesidades logisticas para su ejecucion, bajo una sola organizacion en un escenario de crisis.
Realizandose segun las capacidades del despliegue, es decir, segun los servicios instalados en la zona, una aproximacion a un suceso real en uno o varios escenarios simultaneos.
El motivo de este trabajo, por tanto, trata de exponer la experiencia del trabajo en equipo obtenida en la planificacion y procedimientos realizados en la preparacion del simulacro, la parte hospitalaria para la recepcion de afectados y heridos.
Transmitir nuestra experiencia para que pueda servir como elemento de formacion y preparacion en la gestion de crisis durante la asistencia a catastrofes. 
Nuestra intencion es que la puesta en practica del trabajo que hicimos todos alli sirva como motivacion para la realizacion de nuevos simulacros en nuestros centros de trabajo.
Managing the symptoms of Behçet’s disease (2004)

Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic, relapsing, systemic inflammatory vasculitis of unknown aetiology with a myriad of immunological and pathological consequences. Patients with BD are clustered along the ancient silk road, extending from Far-East Asia to Turkey. The disease affects both genders of all ages from infants to the elderly. It is a long-term, cyclical disease and such patients may have symptom-free periods of weeks, months or years that are interrupted by exacerbations of varying intensities lasting a few days, weeks or months. Clinical features include oral aphthae, genital ulcers, ocular inflammation, skin lesions, as well as articular, vascular, neurological, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, renal and genitourinary manifestations. The main histopathological finding is a widespread vasculitis of the arteries and veins of any size or thrombophilia according to the site of involvement. BD may start with just one or two small symptoms but other symptoms may gradually appear over the years. Recurrent ocular inflammation, which occurs in approximately 50% of cases, is the major morbidity that may eventually lead to blindness. The treatment of BD is usually symptomatic and palliative. Therefore, the main objectives are to relieve symptoms associated with mucocutaneous lesions and arthritis, to modify the course of the disease, to control inflammatory eye disease, clinically suppress the inflammation and vasculitis, to prevent recurrences and thus, prevent irreversible damage. The choice of treatment is based on the severity of systemic involvement, clinical presentation and the site affected. The preferred treatment modalities are combined drug therapy and include topical therapies as well as systemic corticosteroids, NSAIDs, colchicine, dapsone and immunosuppressive and cytotoxic agents. Such therapies are tailored to the individual patient depending on clinical manifestations. Thalidomide, tacrolimus, IFN-alpha and anti-TNF monoclonal antibody have recently attracted attention as novel therapeutic approaches.
The Arabidopsis LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES-Domain Gene ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 Functions in the Repression of KNOX Gene Expression and in Adaxial-Abaxial Patterning (2003)

The normal development of lateral organs of the shoot requires the simultaneous repression of meristem-specific genes and the activation of organ-specific genes. ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) is required for the development of normal leaf shape and for the repression of KNOX genes in the leaf. AS2 is a member of the recently identified, plant-specific LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (LOB)-domain gene family. Expression of AS2 at high levels resulted in repression of the KNOX homeobox genes BREVIPEDICELLUS, KNAT2, and KNAT6 but not of the related SHOOT MERISTEMLESS gene. Overexpression of AS2 also led to a perturbation of normal adaxial-abaxial asymmetry in lateral organs, resulting in the replacement of abaxial cell types with adaxial cell types. These results indicate that AS2 is sufficient to induce adaxial cell fate and repress KNOX gene expression.
Multicarrier spread spectrum system with constant envelope: antijamming, jamming estimation, multiuser access (2005)

A special complex sequence called a complex quadratic sequence is proposed as the frequency-spreading sequence for the multicarrier spread-spectrum (MC-SS) modulation scheme. The resulting MC-SS signal has constant envelope in both time and frequency domains. This feature provides flexibility for the MC-SS system to mitigate the effects of both partial-band and pulse jamming. For partial-band jamming, the MC-SS system with frequency domain detection and combining can outperform direct sequence spread spectrum. For pulse jamming, the MC-SS system with time-domain detection and combining can outperform other MC-SS systems. The proposed MC-SS signal has a constant envelope, thus, reducing linearity requirements on the power amplifier. A simple jammer state estimation scheme for both partial-band and pulse-jamming channels is also proposed. Furthermore, multiaccess with the MC-SS system is possible by assigning users different cyclic-shifts of the complex quadratic sequence.
이어(李漁) 희곡(戱曲)과 풍자(諷刺) (2014)

명말청초 이어의 희곡은 중국 희곡의 전환기에 직면하여 기존 문인극의 한계를 극복하기 위해 새로운 변화를 모색하였다. 그의 희곡은 연극적인 구조와 재미를 추구하면서도 동시에 당시 사회에 대한 일정한 풍자를 놓치지 않고 있다. 새로운 가치관이 등장하여 기존의 가치관과 충돌하던 당시의 상황 속에서 그의 작품은 이러한 혼란된 양상을 유쾌한 풍자로 표현하였다. 또한 그의 《한정우기》는 보편적인 이 야기를 통한 기이한 정서의 발굴이라는 그의 희곡 추구와 연결되어 전통 희곡의 가치관이 중세에서 근대로 넘어가는 과도기적 상황을 반영하고 있다. 따라서 그의 희곡은 단순히 남녀 간의 애정을 다룬 희곡을 넘어 당시 사회를 풍자한 시대극으로 파악할 수 있으며, 남다른 시대정신과 균형 감각을 지닌 작가가 펼쳐낸 명말청초의 자화상이라고 할 수 있다.
Permanent Cardiac Pacemaker Implant in the Fetal Lamb (1987)

To investigate the feasibility of permanent cardiac pacing in the fetal lamb, we attempted five implants in lambs between 100 and 115 days of gestation. The lambs were approached by a left thoracotomy done through a transverse hysterotomy in the ewe. An epicardial lead was fixed to the left ventricle. Pacing parameters were measured and the lead was connected to an Enertrax TM implantable pulse generator. A pouch was created for the generator deep to the latissimus dorsi. Documentation of pacing was obtained electrocardiographically; pacing faster than the fetal intrinsic rate. The muscle and the fetal skin were closed. The pacemaker was programmed to a rate of 70 In the ventricular inhibited (VVI) mode and the uterine and abdominal wall incisions were then closed. One lamb was successfully delivered by Cesarean section at term. Pacing parameters were measured at birth and one month later. There were small changes in the pacing lead function parameters as the implant progressed into the chronic phase. They were within the capacity of the generator to pace with a margin of safety. Four lambs died in utero and were delivered 5 to 26 days post‐implant. We conclude that permanent cardiac pacemaker implantation is feasible in the fetal lamb and with further development, it may eventually be used in humans in the treatment of fetal congestive heart failure due to bradyarrhythmias.
Genome-wide polymerase chain reaction primer design (2000)

Primer design is essential for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR amplification is key for the manipulation of important classes of DNA chips. The DNA chips technique is one of the most recent popular technologies for genomic scale gene expression. Prior to the research described herein, all computer programs available on the web only could process one gene sequence at a time in producing corresponding primer pairs; this is inconvenient when thousands of primers are need at a given time. The research described in the paper makes it possible to generate large numbers of primers automatically and sequentially using a user-friendly GUI (graphical user interface) approach together with the client-server model. This paper describes new algorithms when used in conjunction with existing algorithms extend their power from produc-
Transient thermal wave techniques for the evaluation of surface coatings (1991)

A thermal wave interference model is developed to analyse the response of coating to pulsed and stepped heating. The influence of the relative thermal properties of coating and substrate and the possibility of coating translucency are included in the analysis. The potential of transient techniques for the measurement of coating thickness is demonstrated and compared with the continuous wave technique. Experimental results obtained from plasma sprayed zirconia coatings are presented and compared with theoretical predictions.
Mitochondrial ferritin is a functional iron-storage protein in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) roots (2013)

In plants, intracellular Fe trafficking must satisfy chloroplasts' and mitochondrial demands for Fe without allowing its accumulation in the organelles in dangerous redox-active forms. Protein ferritin is involved in such homeostatic control, however its functional role in mitochondria, differently from its role in chloroplasts, is still matter of debate. To test ferritin functionality as a 24-mer Fe-storage complex in mitochondria, cucumber seedlings were grown under different conditions of Fe supply (excess, control, deficiency) and mitochondria were purified from the roots. A ferritin monomer of around 25 KDa was detected by SDS-PAGE in Fe-excess root mitochondria, corresponding to the annotated Csa5M215130/XP_004163524 protein: such a monomer is barely detectable in the control mitochondria and not at all in the Fe-deficient ones. Correspondingly, the ferritin 24-mer complex is abundant in root mitochondria from Fe-excess plants and it stores Fe as Fe(III): such a complex is also detectable, though to a much smaller extent, in control mitochondria, but not in Fe-deficient ones. Cucumber ferritin Csa5M215130/XP_004163524 is therefore a functional Fe(III)-store in root mitochondria and its abundance is dependent on the Fe nutritional status of the plant.