gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Lovastatin biosynthetic cluster proteins in Aspergillus terreus strain ATCC 20542 (2011)

Aspergillus terreus is a filamentous ascomycota, which is prominent for its production of lovastatin, an antihypercholesterolemic drug. The commercial importance of lovastatin with annual sales of billions of dollars made us to focus on lovastatin biosynthetic cluster proteins. The analysis of these lovastatin biosynthetic cluster proteins with different perspectives such as physicochemical property, structure based analysis and functional studies were done to find out the role and function of every protein involved in the lovastatin biosynthesis pathway. Several computational tools are used to predict the physicochemical properties, secondary structural features, topology, patterns, domains and cellular location. There are 8 unidentified proteins in lovastatin biosynthetic cluster, in which 6 proteins have homologous partners, and annotation transfer is done based on the closely related homologous genes, and their structures are also modeled. The two other proteins that do not have homologous partners are predicted as PQ loop repeat protein that may be involved in glycosylation machinery and as thiolase-acyl activity by the integrated functional analysis approach.
THE INCREASE OF EFFICIENCY OP PINE OIL BY HEATING AND USAGE IN THE FLOTATION OF OXIDIZED AHASRA COAL (1992)

ABSTRACT The effect of heating temperature and time on the efficiency of pine oil was examined in the flotation of oxidized Amasra Coal in this work. Samples were taken from waste heap Amasra Coal which were collected in 1973–1978 and stored in atmospheric conditions. The optimized impeller speed was 1000 rpm, aeration rate was 35 ml/s and solid content of the pulp was 20% in the flotation tests. Motorin was added to the pulp as a collector. The pine oil was heated to 50°C, 75°C, 106°C, 125°C, 150°C, 175°C, 200°C and used as a frother. The flotation resulta indicated that 125°C was suitable temperature for heating. Increasing the heating time increased the efficiency of pine oil. The recovery of combustibles also Increased depending on the increase in the amount of oil heated for 5 hours at 125°C.
A methodology for estimation of the specific rock energy index using corrected down-the-hole drill monitoring data (2004)

A methodology developed to estimate with accuracy the instantaneous specific rock energy using corrected downthe-hole (DTH) drill monitoring data is presented. A specific rock energy profile can be generated for every hole, and thus a drilling site can be mapped for this index. A special data acquisition system was developed to measure and register the following operational variables: penetration rate, torque, hole depth, pull-down force, air pressure, revolutions per minute (rpm) and the hammer percussion frequency, the latter obtained by sound recording and signal processing. The measured data are fed into two simulation models that estimate the power absorbed by the rock through impact, and then the specific rock energy index. The first of these models simulates the thermodynamic cycle of the DTH hammer, rendering the piston kinetic energy at impact, impact velocity as well as impact frequency. The second model is used for stress wave propagation analysis to estimate the effective energy delivered to the rock. Correlations were found between the specific rock energy and penetration rate, and between the specific rock energy and impact frequency, as well as between the penetration rate and applied torque, and between the penetration rate and impact frequency.
Primary and Booster Mucosal Immune Responses to Meningococcal Group A and C Conjugate and Polysaccharide Vaccines Administered to University Students in the United Kingdom (2001)

Meningococcal group A+C capsular polysaccharide (PS) conjugate vaccines may prime for serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) memory responses to meningococcal capsular PS. It is not known whether these vaccines induce immunological memory at the mucosal level, which may be important in reducing nasopharyngeal carriage. Mucosal immune responses to meningococcal conjugate and PS vaccines in young adults were investigated. Healthy university students were randomized to receive either a groups A+C meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MACconj, n = 100) or a group A+C meningococcal PS vaccine (MACPS, n = 95). One year after the primary immunization, both groups were randomized again to receive a MACconj or a MACPS booster vaccination. Saliva samples were collected before and 1 month after the primary and booster vaccinations. Anti-meningococcal A (MenA) and C (MenC) PS IgA and IgG antibody levels were measured by a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After the primary vaccination, salivary MenA and MenC IgG and MenA IgA concentrations were significantly increased after immunization with both MACconj and MACPS vaccines, but the salivary Men C IgA level was increased only after MACPS vaccine (P < 0.01). IgA responses to both serogroups were greater for MACPS than MACconj vaccine (P < 0.05), whereas no significant differences were seen for IgG responses. MenA IgG titers were higher after the MACPS booster in MACconj-primed subjects than after the MACPS primary vaccination, suggesting the presence of IgG memory. Antibody responses to a dose of either MACPS or MACconj were not significantly reduced in those previously given MACPS compared to the primary responses to those vaccines. Meningococcal A+C conjugate and PS vaccines induce significant mucosal responses in young adults. MACconj priming may induce IgG memory at the mucosal level, which is likely to be a reflection of an anamnestic serum IgG response. No evidence of mucosal hyporesponsiveness was observed after MACPS priming in this study.
Acyclovir Use and Survival Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐Infected Patients with CD4 Cell Counts of < 500/mm (1998)

To examine the relationship between acyclovir use and survival in AIDS, we performed a retrospective analysis of data collected through an observational cohort of the 17-site Community Program for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA), under the sponsorship of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Data were analyzed regarding 2,368 patients with CD4+ lymphocyte counts of < 500/mm3, and 7,836 follow-up visits were conducted from September 1990 to July 1994. Factors associated with use of acyclovir were studied by stratified analysis of variance and Mantel-Haenzel chi 2 tests. The association between acyclovir and survival was studied with use of the proportional hazards regression model. Individuals reporting acyclovir use were more likely to be white, male, and homosexual; to have a history of herpes simplex and zoster; and to have lower CD4+ T cell counts than those who did not. After adjustments for differences in baseline factors, acyclovir use was not associated with prolonged survival.
Scaling and High Availability (2013)

All of the examples and projects in the book so far have been based on using a single instance of Splunk, which acts as an indexer and searcher. In this chapter, we will review how to scale Splunk by adding more servers to handle the indexing and search components. You will also learn the basic principles of clustering, which increases the resiliency of Splunk by handling automatic failover of indexers. We will set up a sample cluster to illustrate the basic steps of this process.
Evaluating the First-in-Human Clinical Trial of a Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Based Therapy (2012)

Phase I clinical trials generally raise greater ethical and human protection challenges than later stage clinical trials, suggesting a need to proceed cautiously. This is particularly the case for Phase I trials with a novel therapy being tested in humans for the first time, usually termed first-in-human (FIH) trials. In January 2009, the Food and Drug Administration approved the Investigational New Drug application of Geron Corporation, a small California-based biopharmaceutical company, to initiate a clinical trial to assess GRNOPC1, a human embryonic stem cell-derived candidate therapy for severe spinal cord injuries. This article evaluates the ethical and human subject protection issues raised by the Geron FIH trial. It identifies problems with the approval process and with the conduct of the trial, and then recommends ways to improve review of future proposed trials with novel and high-risk therapies.
Automotive fault diagnosis. II. A distributed agent diagnostic system (2003)

For pt.I see Crossman, J.A. et al., ibid., p.1063-75. We describe a novel diagnostic architecture, distributed diagnostics agent system (DDAS), developed for automotive fault diagnosis. The DDAS consists of a vehicle diagnostic agent and a number of signal diagnostic agents, each of which is responsible for the fault diagnosis of one particular signal using either a single or multiple signals, depending on the complexity of signal faults. Each signal diagnostic agent is developed using a common framework that involves signal segmentation, automatic signal feature extraction and selection, and machine learning. The signal diagnostic agents can concurrently execute their tasks; some agents possess information concerning the cause of faults for other agents, while other agents merely report symptoms. Together, these signal agents present a full picture of the behavior of the vehicle under diagnosis to the vehicle diagnostic agent. DDAS provides three levels of diagnostics decisions: signal-segment fault; signal fault; vehicle fault. DDAS is scalable and versatile and has been implemented for fault detection of electronic control unit (ECU) signals; experiment results are presented and discussed.
Model-based Testing: Next Generation Functional Software Testing (2010)

The idea of model-based testing is to use an explicit abstract model of a SUT and its environment to automatically derive tests for the SUT: the behavior of the model of the SUT is interpreted as the intended behavior of the SUT. The technology of automated model-based test case generation has matured to the point where large-scale deployments of this technology are becoming commonplace. The prerequisites for success, such as qualification of the test team, integrated tool chain availability and methods, are now identified, and a wide range of commercial and open-source tools are available. Although MBT will not solve all testing problems, it is an important and useful technique, which brings significant progress over the state of the practice for functional software testing effectiveness, and can increase productivity and improve functional coverage. In this talk, we'll adress the current trend of deploying MBT in the industry, particularly in the TCoE - Test Center of Excellence - managed by the big System Integrators, as a vector for software testing "industrialization".
A convenient synthesis of dihydroxyacetone phosphate from acetone (1995)

A new chemical method for preparation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) from acetone is described. This method improves the synthesis of a stable precursor of DHAP, which is the necessary substrate of several aldolases. Thus, monosaccharides and their derivatives could be obtained from this compound by aldolase-catalyzed condensations.
Improvement of headache symptoms and reduction in headache medication usage in patients treated with botulinum toxin type A (2004)

SummaryThe charts of 132 consecutive patients receiving botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A; BOTOX®) for headache prevention were reviewed retrospectively. During a follow-up visit, patients reported their overall improvement in headache symptoms. Headache medication utilisation and costs for the 6 months before and during treatment were compared using the Average Wholesale Price. The mean BoNT-A dose used was 101.9 units and 131/132 patients (99%) reported some improvement in headache symptoms. Patients reported an average of 77% improvement in theirBOTOX is a registered trademark of Allergan Inc, Irvine, CA, USAheadache symptoms from baseline. BoNT-A treatment resulted in a 47.2% reduction in the use of headache medications. The average monthly cost of all oral headache medications declined from $242.7 to $89.2, a significant reduction of 63.3% (p < 0.001). A total of 122/132 patients (92.4%) reported no side effects. The cost of BoNT-A treatment appears to be offset to a large degree by the reduction in headache medication usage. Interpretation of these results is limited by the retrospective, uncontrolled and open-label design of the analysis.
Role of MR urethrography in assessment of urethral lesions (2015)

Aim of the work: To evaluate the utility of magnetic resonance (MR) urethrogram in the diagnosis and characterization of different urethral lesions in comparison with conventional urethrography. Material and methods: This prospective study included 18 male patients diagnosed to have urethral lesions. All of these patients were evaluated by using conventional urethrography prior to MR imaging. MR urethrography technique included: thick slab fast spin echo T2 (TSFSE) and fast recovery fast spin echo (FRFSE). Results: The causes of urethral lesions were: trauma in 13 patients (affecting the anterior urethra in 5 patients, the posterior urethra in 7 patients, the anterior and posterior urethra in one patient). Congenital abnormality in 3 patients at the anterior urethra and infection at the anterior urethra in 2 patients. Conventional urethrography and MRI diagnosed the presence of urethral pathology in all examined patients, However MR urethrography was superior in better delineation and characterization of the urethral pathology in four cases (22.2%) diagnosing prostatic displacement as well as periurethral fibrosis. Conventional urethrography was superior to MR urethrogram in diagnosing a case of diffuse pseudodiverticulosis. Conclusion: MR urethrography is a suitable technique for the evaluation of urethral and periurethral abnormalities.
Not Acute but Chronic Hypertriglyceridemia Is Associated With Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation (2000)

There is controversy regarding the relation between hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and endothelial function. This study was designed to investigate endothelial function in a patient group with chronic HTG, before and during lipid-lowering therapy by atorvastatin. In addition, the effects of acute HTG on endothelial function were studied in normolipidemic individuals. Eight male patients with chronic HTG were studied before and after 6 weeks of lipid-lowering treatment with 80 mg atorvastatin once daily. Ten age-matched control subjects were studied at baseline and immediately after a high-dose infusion of artificial triglycerides. The endothelium-dependent response to serotonin was attenuated in the HTG group, whereas the response to acetylcholine was comparable to the response in the control group. The response to the endothelium-independent vasodilator nitroprusside was comparable in both groups. In response to atorvastatin therapy, serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels decreased significantly by 43% (paired t test, P=0.017) and 38% (paired t test, P=0.012), respectively. After 6 weeks of treatment, the forearm blood flow response to serotonin improved from 63% to 106% (ANOVA, P<0.001). Induction of acute HTG in the control subjects did not affect the forearm blood flow responses to serotonin and nitroprusside; however, the response to acetylcholine was paradoxically increased. In conclusion, patients with chronic HTG have an impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation to serotonin that is normalized after 6 weeks of lipid-lowering therapy by atorvastatin.
Collaborative Messaging Protocol with Multiple Intermediate Nodes (2018)

Selfish nodes can collapse autonomous distributed network systems, such as ad hoc network systems or peer-to-peer network systems. In our previous work [1], [2], we proposed a messaging system model in which a single intermediate node relays a message. In this paper, we propose a novel model with multiple intermediate nodes that allow a message to reach a destination node. We introduce blockchain technology to distributedly record nodes' actions, such as sending messages, relaying messages, and receiving messages. We examine frauds in our proposal protocol to demonstrate that selfish nodes cannot commit frauds.
Low-Loss High-Performance Base-Drive Unit for SiC BJTs (2011)

Driving a silicon carbide bipolar junction transistor is not a trivial issue, if low drive power consumption and short-switching times are desired. A dual-source base-drive unit with a speed-up capacitor consisting of a low- and a high-voltage source is, therefore, proposed in this paper. As a significant base current is required during the conduction state, the driver power consumption is higher than for other semiconductor switches. In the presented solution, the steady-state base current is provided by a low-voltage source and is optimized for lowpower losses. On the contrary, a second source with a higher voltage and speed-up capacitor is used in order to improve the switching performance of the device. The proposed driver has experimentally been compared to other standard driver solutions by using a double-pulse circuit and a 2-kW dc/dc boost converter. Switching times of 20 ns at turn-ON and 35 ns at turn-OFF were recorded. Finally, the efficiency of the converter was determined experimentally at various switching frequencies. From power loss measurements at 100-kHz switching frequency using the proposed driver in a 2-kW dc/dc boost converter, it was found that the efficiency was approximately 99.0%. In the same operating point, the driver power consumption was only 0.08% of the rated power.
Differential gene expression in human granulosa cells from recombinant FSH versus human menopausal gonadotropin ovarian stimulation protocols (2010)

Results suggest that major differences exist in the mechanism by which pure FSH alone versus FSH/LH regulate gene expression in preovulatory GC that could impact oocyte maturity and developmental competence.
Multiple-output magnetic feedback forward converter with discrete PWM for space application (2012)

This paper is aimed at design and development of fixed high frequency Forward Converter Topology operating at resonant reset mode for Space applications. This self-resonant reset mechanism eliminates power loss in the reset circuit, thus simplifying circuitry and increasing efficiency. The galvanic isolation between input and output is implemented with magnetic feedback which is insensitive to component tolerance, radiation and has good temperature stability. Due to unavailability of radiation hardened PWM IC at higher frequency (>500 KHz), discrete PWM controller has been implemented. Hence, magnetic feedback and discrete PWM controller meets the requirements of radiation for DC-DC Converter for space application. The proposed topology is demonstrated with an experimental prototype that delivers three outputs 5V/4A, ±15V/0.667A from an 18–50 V input with better than 75% at full efficiency.
Prevention of Th2-like cell responses by coadministration of IL-12 and IL-18 is associated with inhibition of antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia, and serum IgE levels. (1998)

Allergic asthma is thought to be regulated by Th2 cells, and inhibiting this response is a promising mode of intervention. Many studies have focused on differentiation of Th cells to the Th1 or Th2 subset in vitro. IL-4 is essential for Th2 development, while IL-12 induces Th1 development, which can be enhanced by IL-18. In the present study, we investigated whether IL-12 and IL-18 were able to interfere in Th2 development and the associated airway symptoms in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Mice were sensitized with OVA using a protocol that induces IgE production. Repeated challenges by OVA inhalation induced elevated serum levels of IgE, airway hyperresponsiveness, and a predominantly eosinophilic infiltrate in the bronchoalveolar lavage concomitant with the appearance of Ag-specific Th2-like cells in lung tissue and lung-draining lymph nodes. Whereas treatments with neither IL-12 nor IL-18 during the challenge period were effective, combined treatment of IL-12 and IL-18 inhibited Ag-specific Th2-like cell development. This inhibition was associated with an absence of IgE up-regulation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and cellular infiltration in the lavage. These data show that, in vivo, the synergistic action of IL-12 and IL-18 is necessary to prevent Th2-like cell differentiation, and consequently inhibits the development of airway symptoms in a mouse model of allergic asthma.
Efficient White-Light-Emitting Diodes Fabricated from Highly Fluorescent Copper Indium Sulfide Core/Shell Quantum Dots (2012)

Copper indium sulfide (CIS) quantum dots (QDs) with different Cu/In molar ratios of 1/1, 1/2, and 1/4 are synthesized via a hot colloidal route. The band gap energy of CIS QDs is observed to be dependent on Cu/In ratio, exhibiting a higher band gap from more Cu-deficient QDs. The emission wavelengths of all CIS QDs belong to a deep red region (665–717 nm) with relatively low quantum yields (QYs) of 8.6–12.7%. Compared to respective original core QDs, the absorption peaks of all CIS/ZnS QDs are blue-shifted, and their emission wavelengths move to a higher energy accordingly, showing a quite tunable emission from yellow to red. The effective surface passivation by a ZnS overlayer results in a dramatic increase in QY of CIS/ZnS QDs in the range of 68–78%. All CIS/ZnS QDs are tested as wavelength converters for the fabrication of QD-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs). QD-based white LEDs that consist of only a single type of QD are for the first time realized by applying yellow-emitting CIS/ZnS QDs as a result of the appropriate color mixing between blue emission from a LED chip and yellow emission from QDs. Detailed electroluminescent properties including color rendering index, Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates, and luminous efficiency of QD-based white LEDs are evaluated as a function of forward current.