gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prototype expert system trouble‐shooter for the ANEX structural engineering teaching laboratory (1993)

Abstract This article describes the design and evaluation of a knowledge‐based expert system, called “TROUBLE‐SHOOTER,” developed for use in the newly developed “ANEX” undergraduate structural engineering teaching laboratory at the University of Missouri‐Rolla. ANEX is a portable, computer‐assisted mini‐laboratory that students use interactively to investigate correlations between computerized structural analyses and physical experiments performed on small‐scale model structures. TROUBLE‐SHOOTER was developed using LEVEL5 OBJECT® for Microsoft® Windows™ expert system shell. It is intended to act as a trouble‐shooter for various analytical and/or experimental problems that students could encounter during typical ANEX sessions. An extensive three‐phase evaluation of the prototype expert system was performed, including an in‐house technical evaluation using 36 ANEX session test cases, a subjective evaluation by 16 civil engineering undergraduate students, and a controlled empirical evaluation to compare the prototype's speed and accuracy of advice with those provided by three experienced ANEX laboratory teaching assistants. Results of the evaluations indicated that the prototype expert system was well received by students; it was a competent trouble‐shooter and it provided advice quickly. Statistical results of the empirical evaluation revealed that the prototype expert system was significantly more accurate than were experienced teaching assistants in trouble‐shooting typical ANEX sessions. The prototype expert system was especially adept at handling ANEX test cases that were burdened with multiple analytical and/or experimental errors.
W-band RF MEMS double and triple-stub impedance tuners (2005)

Reconfigurable integrated impedance tuners have been developed for W-band on-wafer noise parameter and load-pull measurement applications. The impedance tuners are based on double and triple-stub topologies and employ 11 switched MEMS capacitors producing 2048 (2/sup 11/) different impedances. Measured |/spl Gamma//sub MAX/| for the double-stub tuner is 0.92 and 0.82 at 75 and 100 GHz from 110 measurements out of 2048 possible impedances, and 0.92 and 0.83 for the triple-stub tuner. To our knowledge, this represents the first W-band integrated impedance tuner to date.
Hardware-Efficient Methods for Elimination of Signal Distortion in Sigma-Delta-Based Ultrasound Beamforming (2009)

Acoustic radiation force (ARF) has become a common excitation mechanism in elasticity imaging. The high acoustic intensities and subsequent generation of harmonics, however, hamper the effectiveness of using conventional radiofrequency (rf) tracking to investigate the dynamics of tissues and catheter-based transducers, especially during the excitation. Optical tracking, on the other hand, does not utilize acoustic echo and thus is not affected by ARF-generated interference. Additionally, it is able to track equally well in two dimensions, something that rf tracking is unable to do. Despite the inherent near-field scattering that will likely preclude optical (i.e., visible spectrum) tracking from supplanting current ultrasound-based methods in a clinical setting, it could offer valuable new tools in the pursuit of a better understanding of ARF-induced dynamic responses. We utilized an optically-based method to track the dynamic response resulting from an ARF-induced excitation on the surface of a tissue-mimicking phantom and on an unbounded catheter. These tracking data were then compared to tracking data obtained from the conventional rf tracking method. Both impulsive and harmonic (i.e., amplitude-modulated) excitations were investigated. In general, there was good agreement between the conventional (i.e., ultrasound-based) and optically-based tracking methods. Disparities between displacement estimates from the two tracking methods is thought to be a result of the finite length of the tracking marker, which was assumed to move as an infinitesimal point, and aberration of reflected light due to surface waves. Given the reasonable agreement seen for the harmonic and impulsive excitation cases, an optical tracking method could be insightful in future investigations of tissue/transducer response to ARF-induced excitations in controlled experimental settings.
Activity of polynucleotide phosphorylase with nucleoside diphosphates containing sugar ring modifications (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTActivity of polynucleotide phosphorylase with nucleoside diphosphates containing sugar ring modificationsD. M. Hawley, J. J. Sninsky, G. N. Bennett, and P. T. GilhamCite this: Biochemistry 1978, 17, 11, 2082–2086Publication Date (Print):May 30, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 30 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00604a010https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00604a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Robot Extended Eye-in-hand Calibration Method Based on an Assistant Camera (2008)

In order to solve the problem of calibrating the position and orientation of an object on the robot hand with respect to the camera, Extended-eye-in-hand calibration is proposed from traditional eye-in-hand calibration, which extends the robot hand-eye relationship to extended hand-eye relationship. An assistant camera is introduced to accomplish robot extended-eye-in-hand calibration by using a planar calibration target and plenty of calibration points derived from the image feature of a rectangle on the robot extended hand. The results of the conducted real experiment illustrate the feasibility and validity of the method. The precision of the calibration depends on the precision of extended hand and the precision of the derived calibration points. In our experiment, the final Root Mean Square (RMS) is 0.113 mm.
Radiation degradation modeling of high efficiency GaAs/Ge solar cells (2002)

The performance modeling and predictions of the radiation degradation of solar cells is extremely important in designing a power system that will satisfy spacecraft requirements for an entire mission duration. High efficiency GaAs/Ge solar cells are more efficient and more resistant to space particle radiation than conventional Si solar cells, but a complete physical performance degradation model has not been developed that accurately predicts the GaAs/Ge solar cell radiation degradation characteristics. The conventional minority carrier diffusion length degradation model used to predict the performance of silicon solar cells does not accurately predict the observed GaAs/Ge solar cell performance degradation. A detailed radiation degradation modeling analysis examines why the conventional model does not accurately predict the performance degradation of GaAs/Ge solar cells and offers suggestions for a more accurate radiation degradation model.
Superconducting Properties of Tl<sub>1</sub>Ba<sub>2</sub>Ca<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>x</sub> Thin Films (1995)

We have investigated a correlation between structure and superconducting properties ofTl1Ba2Ca2Cu3Ox [Tl-(1223)] thin films. The Tl-(1223) thin films were prepared on SrTiO3, LaAlO3 and MgO (100) substrates by Metalorganic deposition method. Films grown on SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 exhibit a particularly high degree of epitaxial growth, which may be attributed to the remarkably close lattice matching. Then, these films had high Jc>105A/cm2 at 77K in a zero magnetic field. However, in case of MgO, the film was distributed randamly and had low Jc of about 103A/cm2 at 77K in 0T. Moreover, in case of magnetic field applied perpendicular to the a-b plane, we found that the field transport properties of the Tl-(1223) thin films were superior to those of the Tl1Ba2Ca2Cu3Ox[Tl-(2223)] andBi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox[Bi-(2223)] thin films. On the other hand, grain boundary properties of the Tl-(1223) thin films depended on (001) tilt angles of grain boundaries. We found that low tilt angle (θ_??_10°) grain boundaries did not work as a weak link and retained high Jc However, it is well known that grain boundaries for (θ_??_5°) in Y1Ba2Cu3Ox[Y-(123)] thin films are weak links. It suggests that the Tl-(1223) system is superior to Y-(123), Tl-(2223) and Bi-(2223) systems as a material for high field applications at high temperatures.
Kombinierte chemoenzymatische Synthese von <i>N</i>‐Glycoproteinbausteinen (1990)

Partialstrukturen von N ‐Glycoproteinen , die für biologische Erkennungsprozesse auf zellulärer und molekularer Ebene von entscheidender Bedeutung sind, lassen sich durch eine Kombination von chemischen und enzymatischen Schritten herstellen. Zunächst wird chemisch die Aspartylglucosaminyl‐Einheit synthetisiert; die anschließende Galactosylierung zu 1 gelingt enzymatisch in Gegenwart von Galactosyl‐Transferase. magnified image
Range Image Restoration Using Mean Field Annealing (1988)

A new optimization strategy, Mean Field Annealing, is presented. Its application to MAP restoration of noisy range images is derived and experimentally verified.
Comparison of IsoCode STIX and FTA Gene Guard Collection Matrices as Whole-Blood Storage and Processing Devices for Diagnosis of Malaria by PCR (2001)

We compared two collection devices, IsoCode and FTA, with whole blood for the diagnosis of malaria by PCR (n = 100). Using whole blood as the reference standard, both devices were sensitive for the detection of single-species malaria infections by PCR (> or =96%). However, the detection of mixed infections was suboptimal (IsoCode was 42% sensitive, and FTA was 63% sensitive).
Ladder Slide Out: First Order Analysis (1999)

Abstract One of the more important collapse modes for straight, combination, and extension ladders is base slide out; the top of the ladder slides down the support wall as the base slips away from it. Various fundamental models have been used to study this behavior. This paper revisits the analytical solutions associated with these models and describes their implications for the analysis, design, and testing of ladders.
Age at natural menopause and risk of cardiovascular disease (1999)

Background: Early natural menopause has been postulated to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Objective: To examine the relation of age at natural menopause with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in the Nurses’ Health Study. Methods: Analysis was restricted to 35 616 naturally postmenopausal women who never used estrogen replacement therapy and with no diagnosed cardiovascular disease at baseline, followed up from 1976 to 1994. Information on menopausal status, age at menopause, and other risk factors was obtained in 1976 and updated every 2 years by mailed questionnaires. Results: During 354 326 person-years of follow-up, we documented 757 incident cases of CHD and 350 incident cases of stroke. After adjusting for age, smoking status, and other cardiovascular risk factors, the relative risks (RRs) across categories of age at natural menopause (,40, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, and $55 years) were 1.53, 1.42, 1.10, 1.00 (reference), and 0.95, respectively; the RR for each 1-year decrease in age at natural menopause was 1.03 (95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.05). Elevated risk with younger age at menopause was observed among current smokers (RR, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.01-1.07] for each 1-year decrease in age at natural menopause) but not among never smokers (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.96-1.04). Age at natural menopause was not significantly associated with ischemic stroke (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97-1.04) or hemorrhagic stroke (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.97-1.10). Conclusions: We observed an overall significant association between younger age at menopause and higher risk of CHD among women who experienced natural menopause and never used hormone therapy. This increased risk was observed among current smokers but not among never smokers. The apparent elevated risk of CHD with decreased age at natural menopause among smokers might reflect residual confounding by smoking.
Reversible inhibitors of penicillinases (1978)

Reversible competitive inhibitors of a penicillinase, beta-lactamase 1 from Bacillus cereus, were studied. These represent the first inhibitors of a penicillinase that lack the beta-lactam ring. The products of the enzymic reaction, namely penicilloic acids, are inhibitors; their decarboxylation products, the penilloic acids, are also inhibitors, and have somewhat lower Ki values. Inhibitors have been prepared from benzylpenicillin, phenoxymethyl-penicillin, methicillin (2,6-dimethoxybenzamidopenicillanic acid) and 3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzamidopenicillanic acid. Decarboxylation of the penicilloic acids from benzyl-penicillin, or from phenoxymethylpenicillin, leads to epimerization (at C-5) of the penilloic acid. Nuclear-magnetic resonance spectroscopy at a frequency of 270 MHz can distinguish the epimers. Other competitive inhibitors studied were boric acid, benzene boronic acid and m-aminobenzeneboronic acid. Boric acid itself was the best inhibitor of beta-lactamase I so far found.
Ability of unsuccessful high-dose IL-2 therapy followed immediately by low-dose metronomic temozolomide to induce complete and near-complete remissions in metastatic melanoma. (2010)

e19001 Background: Metastatic melanoma is a disease with a very poor prognosis. High-dose interleukin-2 (HD IL-2) and temozolomide (TMZ) are both approved treatments for this malignancy but response rates to each are poor. HD IL-2 is the only therapy to date that has been shown to induce durable complete responses but only in a very small percentage of patients. TMZ is an oral atypical alkylating agent with known cytotoxic activity against melanoma. The combination of TMZ followed by HD IL-2 has been studied but did not improve responses over what had been observed for HD IL-2 alone. In our clinical practice, we noted rapid and dramatic responses to TMZ when given immediately after a full course of HD IL-2. Methods: We administered TMZ immediately as continuous low dose metronomic therapy to 6 sequentially treated patients with metastatic melanoma who had just completed a full course of HD IL-2 and either had failed to respond or progressed. Results: All of these patients had complete or near complete responses (CR and nearCR). The response rate has been 100% to date and occurs within 1 or 2 cycles of TMZ. Two pts are alive and disease free off TMZ, 2 are doing well in active treatment, one died from progressive disease, and one died from an acute myocardial infarction. Interestingly 3 of the 6 patients exhibited polyarthralgias on TMZ. Conclusions: These responses were much better than what is typically observed for single agent TMZ, which has been shown to decrease the T regulatory population of lymphocytes (T-regs). We hypothesize the TMZ may be synergic with HD IL-2 in a sequence-specific fashion by allowing the immune activation induced by the HD IL-2 to proceed without the brakes applied by the T-reg population of cells whose major function is to inhibit an exuberant immune response. This postulated mechanism would result in the sequence-specific activity noted in our patients that would occur early and be associated with autoimmune manifestations. A prospective phase II trial to test this sequence but given repeatedly has been initiated with correlative studies to test the hypothesis that T-regs inhibition by TMZ is the mechanism of action. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4Α is implicated in endoplasmic reticulum stress–induced acute phase response by regulating expression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element binding protein H Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. (2008)

Loss of the nuclear hormone receptor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4Α (HNF4Α) in hepatocytes results in a complex pleiotropic phenotype that includes a block in hepatocyte differentiation and a severe disruption to liver function. Recent analyses have shown that hepatic gene expression is severely affected by the absence of HNF4Α, with expression of 567 genes reduced by ≥2.5-fold ( P ≤ 0.05) in Hnf4Α −/− fetal livers. Although many of these genes are direct targets, HNF4Α has also been shown to regulate expression of other liver transcription factors, and this raises the possibility that the dependence on HNF4Α for normal expression of some genes may be indirect. We postulated that the identification of transcription factors whose expression is regulated by HNF4Α might reveal roles for HNF4Α in controlling hepatic functions that were not previously appreciated. Here we identify cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element binding protein H ( CrebH ) as a transcription factor whose messenger RNA can be identified in both the embryonic mouse liver and adult mouse liver and whose expression is dependent on HNF4Α. Analyses of genomic DNA revealed an HNF4Α binding site upstream of the CrebH coding sequence that was occupied by HNF4Α in fetal livers and facilitated transcriptional activation of a reporter gene in transient transfection analyses. Although CrebH is highly expressed during hepatogenesis, CrebH −/− mice were viable and healthy and displayed no overt defects in liver formation. However, upon treatment with tunicamycin, which induces an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–stress response, CrebH −/− mice displayed reduced expression of acute phase response proteins. Conclusion: These data implicate HNF4Α in having a role in controlling the acute phase response of the liver induced by ER stress by regulating expression of CrebH. (H EPATOLOGY 2008.)
Evidence for symmetry in the elementary process of bidirectional torque generation by the bacterial flagellar motor (2010)

The bacterial flagellar motor can rotate in both counterclockwise (CCW) and clockwise (CW) directions. It has been shown that the sodium ion-driven chimeric flagellar motor rotates with 26 steps per revolution, which corresponds to the number of FliG subunits that form part of the rotor ring, but the size of the backward step is smaller than the forward one. Here we report that the proton-driven flagellar motor of Salmonella also rotates with 26 steps per revolution but symmetrical in both CCW and CW directions with occasional smaller backward steps in both directions. Occasional shift in the stepping positions is also observed, suggesting the frequent exchange of stators in one of the 11-12 possible anchoring positions around the rotor. These observations indicate that the elementary process of torque generation by the cyclic association/dissociation of the stator with every FliG subunit along the circumference of the rotor is symmetric in CCW and CW rotation even though the structure of FliG is highly asymmetric and suggests a 180° rotation of a FliG domain for the rotor-stator interaction to reverse the direction of rotation.
POLARIS: Polarity Propagation Algorithm for Combinational Logic Synthesis (1984)

A new algorithm for combinational logic synthesis, POLARIS, is described. POLARIS automatically generates optimized gate level logic from functional level specification described by Boolean expressions. It transforms the Boolean expressions into logical operator trees, and produces a network of physical units or units of physical design by introducing polarity and propagating it along the tree. Experimental results show that more than 96% of gate level logic structures are equal to the logic structures designed by experts.
Surface near-edge x-ray adsorption fine structure of hydrogenated diamond films and Di(100) surfaces studied by H+ and H− ion desorption (1998)

The near-edge x-ray absorption fine structures (NEXAFS) of hydrogenated diamond films and single-crystal diamond surfaces have been studied by recording the partial electron yield and the H+ and H− ion desorption yields as a function of photon energies around the C(1s) core level. It has been found that ion desorption is much more surface sensitive than electron emission, especially for the C(1s)–σ*(C–H) surface resonance which is enhanced in the H+ ion yield. This enhanced surface sensitivity of ion desorption has enabled us to compare in detail the surface NEXAFS structure of both hydrogenated surfaces and to ascertain the quality of the diamond film.
Synthetic analogs of the hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing factor with increased agonist or antatonist properties (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic analogs of the hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing factor with increased agonist or antatonist propertiesMichael W. Monahan, Max S. Amoss, Harry Anderson, A., and Wylie ValeCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 23, 4616–4620Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00747a012https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00747a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations198LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electroconvection in cells with plane and spindle electrodes (1984)

An experimental and theoretical study has been made of the induced electroconvection of a dielectric oil in cells with parallel plane and spindle electrodes.