gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acoustic levitator for containerless measurements on low temperature liquids (2009)

A single-axis acoustic levitator was constructed and used to levitate liquid and solid drops at temperatures from -40 to +40 C. The levitator consisted of: (i) two acoustic transducers mounted on a rigid vertical support that was bolted to an optical breadboard, (ii) a acoustic power supply that controlled acoustic intensity, relative phase of the drive to the transducers, and could modulate the acoustic forces at frequencies up to 1kHz, (iii) a video camera, and (iv) a system for providing a stream of controlled temperature gas flow over the sample. The acoustic transducers were operated at their resonant frequency of ~ 22 kHz and could produce sound pressure levels up to 160 dB. The force applied by the acoustic field could be modulated using a frequency generator to excite oscillations in the sample. Sample temperature was controlled using a modified Cryostream Plus and measured using thermocouples and an infrared thermal imager. The levitator was installed at x-ray beamline 11 ID-C at the Advanced Photon Source and used to investigate the structure of supercooled liquids.
A generative model of microtubule distributions, and indirect estimation of its parameters from fluorescence microscopy images (2010)

The microtubule network plays critical roles in many cellular processes, and quantitative models of how its organization varies across cell types and conditions are required for understanding those roles and as input to cell simulations. High-throughput image acquisition technologies are potentially valuable for this purpose, but do not provide sufficient resolution for current analysis methods that rely on tracing of individual microtubules. We describe a parametric conditional model of microtubule distribution that can generate a microtubule network in intact cells using a persistent random walk approach. The model parameters are physically meaningful as they directly describe the spatial distribution of microtubules and include the number of microtubules as well as the mean of the length distribution. We also present an indirect method for estimating the parameters of the model from three-dimensional fluorescence microscope images of cells that relies on comparing acquired images with simulated images generated from the model. Our results show that our method can reasonably recover parameters for a given query image, and we present the distributions of parameters estimated by our method for a collection of HeLa cell images. (c) 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
State of the Art in Surgical Robotics: Clinical Applications and Technology Challenges (2001)

Although it has been over 15 years since the first recorded use of a robot for a surgical procedure, the field of medical robotics is still an emerging one that has not yet reached a critical mass. Although robots have the potential to improve the precision and capabilities of physicians, the number of robots in clinical use is still very small. In this review article, we begin with a short historical review of medical robotics, followed by an overview of clinical applications where robots have been applied. The clinical applications are then discussed; they include neurosurgery, orthopedics, urology, maxillofacial surgery, radiosurgery, ophthalmology, and cardiac surgery. We conclude with a listing of technology challenges and research areas, including system architecture, software design, mechanical design, imaging compatible systems, user interface, and safety issues.
Compact infrared zoom lens for the 3- to 5-μm spectral band (1996)

The results of a comprehensive design study for the development of a compact infrared zoom lens suitable for use in guided munitions are discussed. The continuously variable zoom of the lens offers significant operational performance benefits to weapon systems using fixed or switchable FOV optics. Two practical zoom lens systems were designed that showed potential to meet typical guided munitions system requirements by utilizing in the first system conventional surfaces and a combination of conventional and diffractive surfaces in the second system. Significant weight savings, enhanced optical performance, and excellent athermalization over conventional lenses were realized. The optical performance over the entire 4:1 zoom range and 5-20 degrees field-of-view is near-diffraction limit while maintaining a constant F-number.
2nd International Symposium on Molecular Diagnostics and Skin Gene Therapy (2003)

The 2nd International Symposium on Molecular Diagnostics and Skin Gene Therapy was held on a beautiful spring weekend at one of the youngest universities in the world, the Heinrich-Heine University, founded 1965. The conference attracted more than 340 participants from 24 different countries, including ethicists, basic researchers, virologists, immunologists, molecular biologists and clinicians, as well as numerous students. The event was organised under the auspices of the European Gene Therapy Society by U Hengge of the Department of Dermatology at Heinrich-Heine University. As Dr J Glorioso, President of the American Society for Gene Therapy, pointed out in his welcome address, the skin is a new target for gene therapy, with the potential for in vivo gene transfer to the central nervous system or to the lymphoid organs, for example. As such, Düsseldorf was a perfect location for such a meeting, because the most important biomedical research investments in Germany have been in neurology and dermatology. Many scientific challenges facing this young field of medicine were presented, but there was also much discussion of ethical, regulatory and safety issues with respect to gene therapy.
Focus cardiac ultrasound: the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging viewpoint (2014)

The concept of point-of-care, problem-oriented focus cardiac ultrasound examination (FoCUS) is increasingly applied in the settings of medical emergencies, including cardiac diseases. The European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) recognizes that cardiologists are not the only medical professionals dealing with cardiovascular emergencies. In reality, emergency cardiac diagnostics and treatment are also carried out by a wide range of specialists. For the benefit of the patients, the EACVI encourages any medical professional, sufficiently trained to obtain valuable information from FoCUS, to use it in emergency settings. These medical professionals need to have the necessary knowledge to understand the obtained information entirely, and to use it correctly, thoughtfully and with care. In this document, the EACVI underlines major differences between echocardiography and FoCUS, and underscores the need for specific education and training in order to fully utilize advantages and minimize drawbacks of this type of cardiac ultrasound examination in the critically ill patients.
THREE DIMENSIONAL FLOW VISUALIZATION OF WALL REGION IN AN OPENCHANNEL TURBULENT FLOW (1984)

Three dimensional coherent structure of turbulent channel flows near the wall is investigated. The hydrogen bubble method is used in experiments.Low speed streaks lifted from the viscous sublayer make a pair. Transverse interval between two streaks in the pair is about (10-30) ν/u, where ν is the kinematic viscosity, u the friction velocity.In the buffer layer and log region the pair concentrate and separate from the wall. Three dimensional behavior of the pair is similar to that of the streamwise vortex.
MPL-Net Measurements of Aerosol and Cloud Vertical Distributions at Co-Located AERONET Sites (2002)

In the early 1990s, the first small, eye-safe, and autonomous lidar system was developed, the Micropulse Lidar (MPL). The MPL acquires signal profiles of backscattered laser light from aerosols and clouds. The signals are analyzed to yield multiple layer heights, optical depths of each layer, average extinction-to-backscatter ratios for each layer, and profiles of extinction in each layer. In 2000, several MPL sites were organized into a coordinated network, called MPL-Net, by the Cloud and Aerosol Lidar Group at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) using funding provided by the NASA Earth Observing System. tn addition to the funding provided by NASA EOS, the NASA CERES Ground Validation Group supplied four MPL systems to the project, and the NASA TOMS group contributed their MPL for work at GSFC. The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) also agreed to make their data available to the MPL-Net project for processing. In addition to the initial NASA and ARM operated sites, several other independent research groups have also expressed interest in joining the network using their own instruments. Finally, a limited amount of EOS funding was set aside to participate in various field experiments each year. The NASA Sensor Intercomparison and Merger for Biological and Interdisciplinary Oceanic Studies (SIMBIOS) project also provides funds to deploy their MPL during ocean research cruises. All together, the MPL-Net project has participated in four major field experiments since 2000. Most MPL-Net sites and field experiment locations are also co-located with sunphotometers in the NASA Aerosol Robotic Network. (AERONET). Therefore, at these locations data is collected on both aerosol and cloud vertical structure as well as column optical depth and sky radiance. Real-time data products are now available from most MPL-Net sites. Our real-time products are generated at times of AERONET aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements. The AERONET AOD is used as input to our processing routines, which calculate the aerosol layer top height and extinction profile, and our MPL calibration value. A variety of other data products are available or under development. We present an overview of the MPL-Net project and discuss data products useful to the AERONET community. Results from several sites and field experiments will be presented.
Hypoxia sustains glioblastoma radioresistance through ERKs/DNA-PKcs/HIF-1α functional interplay (2014)

The molecular mechanisms by which glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) refracts and becomes resistant to radiotherapy treatment remains largely unknown. This radioresistance is partly due to the presence of hypoxic regions, which are frequently found in GBM tumors. We investigated the radiosensitizing effects of MEK/ERK inhibition on GBM cell lines under hypoxic conditions. Four human GBM cell lines, T98G, U87MG, U138MG and U251MG were treated with the MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126, the HIF-1α inhibitor FM19G11 or γ-irradiation either alone or in combination under hypoxic conditions. Immunoblot analysis of specific proteins was performed in order to define their anti‑oncogenic or radiosensitizing roles in the different experimental conditions. MEK/ERK inhibition by U0126 reverted the transformed phenotype and significantly enhanced the radiosensitivity of T98G, U87MG, U138MG cells but not of the U251MG cell line under hypoxic conditions. U0126 and ERK silencing by siRNA reduced the levels of DNA protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), Ku70 and K80 proteins and clearly reduced HIF-1α activity and protein expression. Furthermore, DNA-PKcs siRNA-mediated silencing counteracted HIF-1α activity and downregulated protein expression suggesting that ERKs, DNA-PKcs and HIF-1α cooperate in radioprotection of GBM cells. Of note, HIF-1α inhibition under hypoxic conditions drastically radiosensitized all cell lines used. MEK/ERK signal transduction pathway, through the sustained expression of DNA-PKcs, positively regulates HIF-1α protein expression and activity, preserving GBM radioresistance in hypoxic condition.
Lopinavir Up-Regulates Expression of the Antiviral Protein Ribonuclease L in Human Papillomavirus-Positive Cervical Carcinoma Cells (2010)

These data are consistent with the toxicity of lopinavir against HPV-positive cervical carcinoma cells being related to its ability to block viral proteasome activation and induce an up-regulation of the antiviral protein RNASEL. This is supported by the drug's selective toxicity and up-regulation of RNASEL in E6/E7 immortalised keratinocytes combined with the increased resistance to lopinavir observed in SiHa cells following silencing of RNASEL gene expression.
ChemInform Abstract: DUCTILITY OF FERRITIC‐MARTENSITIC TWO‐PHASE STEELS (1982)

Abstract Das Fließ‐ und Verfestigungsverhalten von grob 2phasigen Ge?igen wird an ferritisch‐martensitischen Gefügen mit eingestelltem Volumenverhältnis, Fließgrenzenverhältnis und Morphologie der Phasen untersucht.
Analysis of the Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Secreted by Adult Stem Cells during Differentiation (2015)

Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are adult stem cells that have the potential to differentiate into mesenchymal lineage cells. The abundance of ASCs in adipose tissue and easy accessibility with relatively little donor site morbidity make them attractive candidate cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the underlying inflammatory process that occurs during ASC differentiation into adipocytes and osteoblast has not been extensively investigated. ASCs cultured in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation medium were characterized by oil red o staining and alizarin red staining, respectively. ASCs undergoing osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation were isolated on days 7, 14, and 21 and assessed by qRT-PCR for the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. ASCs undergoing osteogenic differentiation expressed a distinct panel of cytokines that differed from the cytokine profile of ASCs undergoing adipogenic differentiation at each of the time points analyzed. Mapping the cytokine expression profile during ASC differentiation will provide insight into the role of inflammation in this process and identify potential targets that may aid in enhancing osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation for the purposes of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Error feedback for noise reduction in 2-D digital filters with quadrantally symmetric or antisymmetric coefficients (2002)

A novel method of applying the error feedback with quadrantally symmetric or antisymmetric coefficients in two-dimensional recursive digital filters is proposed. In order for the error feedback coefficients to be represented by the set of integers, the output noise variance of the filter is discretely optimized by using the depth-first-search strategy in the branch and bound mixed integer linear programming (BBMILP). The proposed error feedback leads to significant improvement in the roundoff noise characteristics and results in significant savings in hardware as well as speed of implementation.
THE ADAPTATION OF TETRAHYMENA TO A HIGH<scp>NaCl</scp>ENVIRONMENT (1964)

1. A culture of Tetrahymena pyriformis adapted to a high NaCl medium, containing 220 mM NaCl, was investigated. The concentration of NaCl in the medium of the normal (unadapted) animals was about 35 mM.2. Upon direct transfer to the high NaCl medium, only 2% of the normal cells were sufficiently tolerant of the stress to survive and divide. Data were presented indicating that stress tolerance is a heritable character, and that this character was selected for upon transfer to the high NaCl medium.3. The cell volume of the adapted cells was 45% less than that of the normal animals. The adapted cells were more nearly spherical than normal cells. Despite the smaller size of the adapted cells, the amount of non-volatile material per cell was the same in normal and adapted cells.4. The main feature of the adaptation was a greatly increased ability of adapted cells to maintain a low cellular salt concentration. Sodium concentration in normal cells in normal medium was 13 meq./l. of cells. Sodium concentration in normal cells equilibrated in high NaCl medium was 105 meq./l. of cells. Sodium concentration in adapted animals was 43 meq./l. of cells two weeks after starting the culture, and fell gradually to 21 meq./l. of cells in 1500 generations (22 months). This constituted selection for ability to regulate sodium.5. Two major differences in sodium regulation between normal and adapted cells were observed. First, the saturation level of the sodium extrusion mechanism, 20 mM in normal cells, increased to 120 mM in the adapted cells. Secondly, the "apparent free spaces" of both sodium and chloride were lower in adapted than in normal cells. The increased ability to regulate cellular sodium in adapted cells was held not to be due to a decrease in permeability to sodium.6. From experiments utilizing an isotopic tracer, Na24, 70% of cellular sodium was shown to be readily exchangeable with external sodium.7. Potassium regulation was altered with adaptation such that potassium concentration per unit volume was the same in normal and adapted cells. The striking similarity of cellular potassium concentrations in Tetrahymena and a variety of other lower fresh-water invertebrates was pointed out. These points were discussed with respect to a general minimum protoplasmic potassium concentration.
Cleansing and degassing of light metals (1976)

Aluminium and magnesium show much resemblance in physical properties but are melted and processed in widely differing ways. The approaches used reflect differences between the liquid metals in chemical reactivity to air and refractories, solvent power for iron, and the drop in hydrogen solubility on solidification. Optimum technical procedures for removing gas and inclusions are essentially the same: purging with chlorine or with an inert gas in the presence of a salt flux to effect degassing, salt-flux treatment to remove oxide, and filtration or baffle action to control intermetallic particles not wetted by fluxes. Application of these principles to aluminium melted in large reverberatory furnaces presents problems, unless the steps are performed outside the furnace in a separate unit; the advent of effective in-line metal treatment systems enables this to be done and, moreover, at the right place – i.e. close to the casting point. A few suggestions are offered as to how some of these principles might be applied in an aluminium castings foundry. Finally, attention is directed to the importance of the mode of solidification in aluminium block, since this can affect both the forming properties and the anodizing response of the final sheet.
A Probabilistic Approach to the Determination of the Optimum Cutting Conditions (2nd Report) (1972)

An analytical method and its algorithm for numerical calculation are proposed to determine the optimum cutting conditions considering the probabilistic nature of the objective funtion and non-linear constraints. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by means of an example. The optimum cutting conditions for minimum production cost are affected by the probabilistic nature of coefficients in the non-linear and linear constraints. It is also shown that the optimum cutting conditions are affected by the uncertainty of the predicted tool life for the severe surface roughness constraints, and production cost at optimum cutting conditions increases as the probability level for the tool life increases.
Deformation Mechanisms in Superplasticity (1979)

The phenomenon of micro grain superplasticity, in which metals and alloys deform extensively at elevated temperatures under small stresses without risk of rupture, has been well documented over the past decade. Our under­ standing of the rate-controlling mechanisms for superplastic deformation processes in terms of range of stress, temperature, and strain rates is important not only for its intrinsic scientific value but also because of its significance in optimizing the processing parameters for forming opera­ tions (1). The strain rates for stiperplasticity are considerably lower than those for conventional hot-working processes. This factor has so far restricted the extensive adoption of superplastic forming operations. A sound theoretical understanding of the dependence of the superplastic strain rate on temperature, grain size, and flow stress will be of significant use in optimization of these variables, so that the material can be deformed at the highest possible forming rates and still benefit from the exceptionally large, neck-free ductility associated with superplasticity. Therefore, it is not surprising that the considerable attention given to this particular mode of deformation in recent years has resulted in two major advances: (a) several new models have been proposed for the per­ tinent deformation mechanism (2-6), and (b) more reliable new data (71 1, 17)have become available to examine the validity of the proposed models. Many of these advances were recently reviewed in excellent detail (12-15;
Data-Driven Grasp Synthesis Using Shape Matching and Task-Based Pruning (2007)

Human grasps, especially whole-hand grasps, are difficult to animate because of the high number of degrees of freedom of the hand and the need for the hand to conform naturally to the object surface. Captured human motion data provides us with a rich source of examples of natural grasps. However, for each new object, we are faced with the problem of selecting the best grasp from the database and adapting it to that object. This paper presents a data-driven approach to grasp synthesis. We begin with a database of captured human grasps. To identify candidate grasps for a new object, we introduce a novel shape matching algorithm that matches hand shape to object shape by identifying collections of features having similar relative placements and surface normals. This step returns many grasp candidates, which are clustered and pruned by choosing the grasp best suited for the intended task. For pruning undesirable grasps, we develop an anatomically-based grasp quality measure specific to the human hand. Examples of grasp synthesis are shown for a variety of objects not present in the original database. This algorithm should be useful both as an animator tool for posing the hand and for automatic grasp synthesis in virtual environments.
Dual Inhibition of DKC1 and MEK1/2 Synergistically Restrains the Growth of Colorectal Cancer Cells (2021)

Colorectal cancer, one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, is often accompanied by uncontrolled proliferation of tumor cells. Dyskerin pseudouridine synthase 1 (DKC1), screened using the genome-wide RNAi strategy, is a previously unidentified key regulator that promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Enforced expression of DKC1, but not its catalytically inactive mutant D125A, accelerates cell growth in vitro and in vivo. DKC1 knockdown or its inhibitor pyrazofurin attenuates cell proliferation. Proteomics, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP)-seq, and RNA decay analyses reveal that DKC1 binds to and stabilizes the mRNA of several ribosomal proteins (RPs), including <i>RPL10A</i>, <i>RPL22L1</i>, <i>RPL34</i>, and <i>RPS3</i>. DKC1 depletion significantly accelerates mRNA decay of these RPs, which mediates the oncogenic function of DKC1. Interestingly, these DKC1-regulated RPs also interact with HRAS and suppress the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway. Pyrazofurin and trametinib combination synergistically restrains colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, DKC1 is markedly upregulated in colorectal cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Colorectal cancer patients with higher DKC1 expression has consistently poorer overall survival and progression-free survival outcomes. Taken together, these data suggest that DKC1 is an essential gene and candidate therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.