gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of an alpha tubulin gene sequence from Neospora caninum and Hammondia heydorni, and their comparison to homologous genes from Apicomplexa. (2003)

The gene coding for a tubulin has been isolated by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced from 2 isolates of Neospora caninum (Nc-Liverpool and Nc-SweB1). The data show that the gene, as in Toxoplasma gondii, is single copy and contains 3 exons and 2 introns and is identical in sequence in the 2 isolates studied. Comparison of the predicted protein sequence shows it to be identical to the a tubulin protein encoded by the T. gondii gene. The majority of the nucleotide substitutions that have occurred during the evolution of the T. gondii and N. caninum genes from their common ancestor have occurred in the third codon position. A partial coding sequence for a tubulin was also obtained from Hammondia heydorni and compared to other a tubulin sequences from Apicomplexa. The results show the sequences of the T. gondii, N. caninum and H. heydorni a tubulin genes to be similar but not identical in sequence, thereby providing new evidence that N. caninum and H. heydorni are genetically distinct species.
Feasibility Demonstration of a Mechanically Pumped Two-Phase CO2 Cooling Loop for the AMS-2 Tracker Experiment (2001)

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer AMS-2, planned for a five years mission as attached payload
on the International Space Station ISS, is an international experiment searching for anti-matter,
dark matter, and missing matter. AMS-2, an improved version of AMS-1 flown on STS 91,
consists of various particle detector systems, one of these being the (Silicon) Tracker. The tradeoff
based choice and the experimental feasibility demonstration of a mechanically pumped twophase
CO2 cooling loop for the Tracker is discussed in detail. Ongoing and planned development
activities are indicated.
TSH and free thyroxine concentrations are associated with differing metabolic markers in euthyroid subjects (2010)

SCH is not associated with an increased risk for the metabolic syndrome (as conceived as a diagnostic category defined by the National Cholesterol, Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III criteria). Despite this, low thyroid function (even in the euthyroid state) predisposes to higher cholesterol, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels. The combined use of TSH and FT(4), compared with the assessment based on only FT(4), is a more convenient approach to evaluate the association between thyroid function and metabolic variables.
Formulation development and stability testing of oral morphine solution utilizing preformulation approach. (2005)

Prefomulation approach utilizing the fractional-ordered randomized blocked design was employed for the formulation development and stability testing of morphine solution.Factors expecting to affect the stability of morphine were evaluated, i.e., vehicle, antioxidant, chelating agent, and pH of the solution. Eight formulations of a possible 16 were prepared according to the block design. The stability of the preparations was tested after 35 days of storage. The data of preformulation study were used for formulation development.The presence of glycerin and ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid in the formulation, and the pH of the solution adjusted to 4, stabilized morphine. The concentration of morphine decreased drastically in the formulations containing sodium metabisulfite, and those pH adjusted to 6. After 35 days, only 65% of morphine was found in the formulation containing sodium metabisulfite and pH adjusted to 6. The results of preformulation study were used for preparing oral morphine preparations. Samples were kept in amber glass bottles and stored at 4 degrees C and 25 degrees C/75% RH for 13 months. No precipitation of the four formulations was detected. Only a decrease of odor and a small increase of pH value of the preparations (< 0.3 units) were observed. More than 97% of morphine remained in all samples. The samples were free from microbial contamination.Stable morphine solution formulations can be achieved with the utilization of the preformulation approach. They were stable more than 13 months when stored at 4 degrees C and 25 degrees C/75% RH.
Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (1995)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disorder that affects all segments of the population. These guidelines have been prepared to suggest the preferable, but not only, approaches to the management of a patient with GERD. The physician must be free to choose the course best suited to the individual patient. The world literature was reviewed and the guidelines were developed under the auspices of the American College of Gastroenterology, and approved by other gastroenterology societies. Diagnostic recommendations include the following: (1) general approach to GERD, including empiric therapy, (2) appropriate mucosal evaluation (ie, endoscopy and radiology), (3) use of pH and provocative testing, and (4) indications for manometric evaluation. Therapeutic recommendations include the following: (1) general approach to therapy including lifestyle changes, (2) use of acid suppression, (3) use of promotility drugs, (4) maintenance treatment of GERD, and (5) indications for antireflux surgery.
Comparison of different detection techniques for digital magnetic recording channels (1995)

A methodology for comparing different detection schemes for digital magnetic recording channels is presented. This methodology builds on previous work to improve the estimates of the bit error rates and to expand the scope of the results presented. The authors compare PRML/VA, DFE, and FDTS/DF detectors under different circumstances.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Color image segmentation using color space analysis and fuzzy clustering (2002)

This paper presents a new method using color space analysis to obtain a proper number of colors and a good initial estimate of center positions. Then fuzzy c-means algorithm is used to optimally cluster the color space data points projected from an input image. Hence, optimal color segmentation can be achieved.
Introduction to strategies for organic synthesis (2012)

The stepping-stone text for students with a preliminary knowledge of organic chemistry looking to move into organic synthesis research and graduate-level coursework. Organic synthesis is an advanced but important field of organic chemistry, however resources for advanced undergraduates and graduate students moving from introductory organic chemistry courses to organic synthesis research are scarce. Introduction to Strategies for Organic Synthesis is designed to fill this void, teaching practical skills for making logical retrosynthetic disconnections, while reviewing basic organic transformation.
Cloud computing assisted smart surveillance based safe transportation system to improve crime assistance on smart cities (2015)

Vigilância Inteligente desempenha um papel fundamental na assistência tecnológica em cenários de segurança pública através de seu potencial em detectar objetos e eventos em tempo real. Essa tecnologia tem atraído atenção especial no campo de segurança pública, particularmente em ambientes veiculares pela habilidade em assistir cenários de missão crítica através de detecção automática por vídeo em tempo real(ex. assaltos, sequestros, atos de violência, etc.). Consequentemente, é possível permitir que autoridades realizem uma compensação entre reativa e pró-ativa na tomada de ações, buscando manter sistemas de alertas customizados, realizando um planejamento mais eficiente, e prover melhor qualidade de vida à sociedade. Além disso, a associação de recursos de Computação em Nuvem é susceptível de proporcionar perspectivas avançadas para aplicações de Vigilância Inteligente, em termos de aprovisionamento reforçado: (i) processamento, para permitir implantação de técnicas de computação inteligente para melhorar a precisão; (ii) armazenamento, para adotar uma grande variedade de templates; (iii) e, acesso ubíquo para que qualquer dispositivo permaneça conectado em qualquer lugar. A investigação realizada neste trabalho é focada na abordagem de Vigilância Inteligente baseada em Computação em Nuvem conduzida para permitir execução de aplicações móveis baseadas em eventos no domínio de segurança pública. O objetivo é permitir que aplicações móveis otimizadas, as quais explorando um esquema baseado em eventos, possam prover perspectivas de baixo consumo de recursos(energia, CPU e rede) em compração à abordagem reativa clássica. Uma avaliação é feita através de um conjunto de experimentos realizados em um testbed real, os quais demonstram que o trabalho proposto supera o esquema de computação móvel clássico.
A web middleware architecture for dynamic customization of content for wireless clients (2002)

We present a new Web middleware architecture that allows users to customize their view of the Web for optimal interaction and system operation when using non-traditional resource-limited client machines such as wireless PDAs (personal digital assistants). Web Stream Customizers (WSC) are dynamically deployable software modules and can be strategically located between client and server to achieve improvements in performance, reliability, or security. An important design feature is that Customizers provide two points of control in the communication path between client and server, supporting adaptive system-based and content-based customization. Our architecture exploits HTTP's proxy capabilities, allowing Customizers to be seamlessly integrated with the basic Web transaction model. We describe the WSC architecture and implementation, and illustrate its use with three non-trivial, adaptive Customizer applications that we have built. We show that the overhead in our implementation is small and tolerable, and is outweighed by the benefits that Customizers provide.
Experimental Study on Animal Model with Yang Deficency of Heart and Kidney in Rats (2002)

Objective Yang deficiency of heart and kidney is a high incidence syndrome in clinical practice of TCM.We hope to produce the animal model of this syndrome in rat, corresponding to the human's similar groups of symptoms in clinical practice.Method According to the correlated theory of TCM, the clinical syndrome and physical sign of Yang deficiency of heart and kidney,We simulated this syndrome by cutting rat's thyroid and injecting(i.p.) doxorubicin. Result After cut thyroid and injected(i.p.) doxorubicin, Rats showed a functional decline of left ventricle and thyroid, accompanied by some symptoms like cold fearing,weary ,feeble inhale and exhale, etc. This syndrome was very similar to the syndrome of Yang defciency of heart and kidney of human. So,it was believed that we can reproduce this syndrome of human in rats by this method. Conclusion The syndrome that rats showed after cutting thyroid and injecting(i.p.) doxorubicin can represent the Yang deficiency of heart and kidney of human. And this method can be used to simulate the human's syndrome of Yang deficiency of heart and kidney.
Diagnosis method for suspension-errors detection in electro-dynamic loud-speakers (2011)

In this paper, the wear of the suspensions in a speaker. This phenomenon can be characterized and seen as a variation of half inductance seen from the amplifier, because that value depends directly on the minimum and maximum excursion in the displacement of the moving coil. Having analyzed the possible cases of involvement of the shift from worn suspensions, has raised a board decision by which it is possible to diagnose the state of the suspension by measuring currents and voltages and calculation of half inductance seen from the amplifier.
Performance Weighted Deploying and Scheduling Strategy Research for Virtual Machine on Clouds (2013)

A performance weighted deploying and scheduling strategy for virtual machine on clouds (PWDSS) is introduced in this paper concerning users' requests of virtual resources and cloud load balancing. This approach follows three stages: first to use a monitor toolkits to collect the cloud performance data from the virtual machines and physical machines of cloud, and to standardize them, Second, to propose a cloud platform load balancing measurement model, in which the weighted vectors and matrix are set according to the customer requirements, Third, to give an algorithm to select the best appropriate physical machine in the measuring model obtained in stage 2, and then to deploy the new virtual machine, forecasting the load balancing value of every physical machine when the new virtual machine is deployed on it. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed PWDSS can achieve better effects of system load balancing. At the same time, it can also meet the user requirements better.
Identifying complete RNA structural ensembles including pseudoknots (2012)

The close relationship between RNA structure and function underlines the significance of accurately predicting RNA structures from sequence information. Structural topologies such as pseudoknots are of particular interest due to their ubiquity and direct involvement in RNA function, but identifying pseudoknots is a computationally challenging problem and existing heuristic approaches usually perform poorly for RNA sequences of even a few hundred bases. We survey the performance of pseudoknot prediction methods on a data set of full-length RNA sequences representing varied sequence lengths, and biological RNA classes such as RNase P RNA, Group I Intron, tmRNA and tRNA. Pseudoknot prediction methods are compared with minimum free energy and suboptimal secondary structure prediction methods in terms of correct base-pairs, stems and pseudoknots and we find that the ensemble of suboptimal structure predictions succeeds in identifying correct structural elements in RNA that are usually missed in MFE and pseudoknot predictions. We propose a strategy to identify a comprehensive set of non-redundant stems in the suboptimal structure space of a RNA molecule by applying heuristics that reduce the structural redundancy of the predicted suboptimal structures by merging slightly varying stems that are predicted to form in local sequence regions. This reduced-redundancy set of structural elements consistently outperforms more specialized approaches.in data sets. Thus, the suboptimal folding space can be used to represent the structural diversity of an RNA molecule more comprehensively than optimal structure prediction approaches alone.
Current controlled third order quadrature oscillator (2005)

A novel current controlled third order translinear-C quadrature oscillator based on a new second order high input impedance voltage-mode low-pass filter is proposed. The circuit with grounded capacitors enjoys electronically tunable, non-interactive frequency and condition control, generates four quadrature current outputs at high impedance nodes and two quadrature voltage outputs. Design verifications are included using CBIC-R process parameters of AT & T transistors with attractive results.
Friedreich's ataxia (1984)

Nine patients with typical Friedreich's ataxia had normal levels of pyruvate and lactate in blood, urine, and CSF. Glucose, pyruvate, and lactate levels were also within the reference ranges after oral glucose loading. After intravenous pyruvate loading, the relative increase in blood pyruvate and lactate levels was significantly higher in Friedreich's ataxia patients than in controls. Significant differences between the two groups were also observed in lactate-pyruvate ratios at various times after infusion. The pyruvate loading test can be useful in demonstrating a defect in pyruvate metabolism in Friedreich's ataxia patients.
Application of FRP Composite Material in Engineering Structure (2005)

FRP(Fiber Reinforced Polymer) composite material has been widely used in the civil engineering because of its advantages,such as lightness,higher strength,erosion resistance,better durability,etc.FRP used as the strengthening material in bridge,RC,steel structures,and rock-soil engineering is introduced.The pretensioned FRP rods or sheets used as the replacement of steel rebars or strengthening material in concrete structure are also described.Some problems are pointed out for the FRP used in engineering structures.
Further Analysis of Neutron Double-Differential Cross Section of n ＋ ^16O at 14.1 MeV and 18 MeV (2005)

By using a new reaction model for light nuclei, the double-differential cross section of total outgoing neutron with LUNF code for n + 16O reactions at En = 14.1 MeV and 18 MeV have been calculated and analyzed. In this paper the opened reaction channels, which have contribution to emitting the neutrons, are listed in detail. To improve the fitting results the direct inelastic scattering mechanism is involved. The calculating results agree fairly well with the experimental data at En = 14.1 MeV and the deviation from calculated results and experimental data in low energy region at En = 18 MeV has been analyzed. Since the possibility of 5He has been affirmed theoretically [J.S. Zhang,Sci. Chin. G 47 (2004) 137], so 5He emission from n + 16O reaction is taken into account, which plays an important role at the region of the outgoing neutron energy en ＜ 3 MeV in total outgoing neutron energy-angular spectrum. The calculated results indicate that the pre-equilibrium mechanism dominates the whole reaction processes, and the recoil effect in light nuclear reactions is essentially important.
Structure and function of TSPY, the Y-chromosome gene coding for the “testis-specific protein” (1998)

The TSPY genes are arranged in clusters on the Y chromosome of many mammalian species. TSPY is believed to function in early spermatogenesis and is a candidate for GBY, the putative gonadoblastoma-inducing gene on the Y. The TSPY family forms part of a superfamily, TTSN, with autosomal representatives, highly conserved in mammals and beyond.
Hidróxidos duplos lamelares: síntese, estrutura, propriedades e aplicações (1998)

AND APPLICA-TIONS.The layered double hydroxides, known as anionic clays and represented by the general formula [M 2+ 1-x M 3+ x (OH) 2 ] x+ A m- x/m •nH 2 O, are a group of materials which are of much interest currently.They present a variety of potential applications as adsorbents, catalysts and catalyst support, ion-exchangers, antacids and as a polymer stabilizer.It is possible to obtain a broad variety of layered double hydroxides (LDHs), depending on the identity and ratio of the cations M 2+ and M 3+ , as well as the interlamelar anion.The aim of this review is to give out some information about this class of materials, concerning to the synthesis, characterization, properties and applications.
Endoscopic Molecular Imaging in Gastrointestinal Oncology (2011)

Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy has been widely used for detection, differentiation and staging for neoplasia in the digestive tract, and has made great progress during the last decade (Sivak, 2006). Diagnostic accuracy can be enhanced by better training, more efficient techniques, and the development of new image-processing technologies (Cotton et al., 2006; Tajiri, 2007); however, diagnosis using conventional endoscopy with optical characteristics is essentially limited because it is based on morphological changes and/or discoloration. Chromoendoscopy can enhance surface structure and to determine demarcation borders but is not enough for screening out of early cancer because it is still depending on endoscopists’ expertise and biopsy. Auto-fluorescence imaging system has been applied for lesions which have been difficult to morphologically recognize or are indistinct with conventional endoscope and this system has potential application for the diagnosis of dysplastic lesions and early cancers in the gastrointestinal tract. Optical digital enhancing method such as narrow band imaging (NBI), flexible spectral imaging color enhancement (FICE) and iSCAN are novel endoscopic techniques which can distinguish neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions without the dye. Magnifying endoscopy in combination with optical digital method has an obvious advantage; the analysis of the epithelial pit pattern and the vascular network. Some of other techniques are allowing us to visualize cell morphology on the micro level reflection of microscopic characteristics. However, we should solve these problems; how to combine these technologies in diagnostic strategy, how to apply them into the algorithm for therapeutic decision and how to standardize several classifications of morphology surrounding them. ‘Molecular imaging’ is a concept representing the most novel imaging methods in medicine, and the definition of the word is controversial. It is broadly defined as ‘the in vivo characterization and measurement of a biological process at the cellular molecular level’ (Weissleder & Mahmood, 2001) or as the technique that ‘directly or indirectly monitor and record the spatiotemporal distribution of molecular and cellular processes for biochemical, biological, diagnostic, or therapeutic application’ (Thakur & Lentle, 2005). Positron emission tomography (PET) might be included in a wide concept of molecular imaging methods: the detection, spatial localization, and quantification of specific molecular targets and events that form the basis of pathologies (Mahmood & Wallace, 2007). In the clinical setting of medical fields, a major paradigm shift has been rapidly taking place in imaging technology represented by PET. Similarly, in the field of GI endoscopy, the authors propose rapid
Das akute Leberversagen im Kindesalter (2006)

Zusammenfassung Das akute Leberversagen im Kindesalter ist eine seltene Multiorganerkrankung, die mit einer hohen Mortalität einhergeht. Die Ursachen sind abhängig von regionalen Faktoren und vom Alter des Kindes. Als häufigste Ursachengruppe sind virale Hepatitiden zu sehen. Das akute Leberversagen entwickelt sich binnen weniger Tage bei einem vormals gesunden Kind. Es ist charakterisiert durch eine akute schwerste Beeinträchtigung der Lebersyntheseleistung und der Entgiftungsfunktion der Leber. Das pathologische Korrelat besteht in einer massiven Leberzellnekrose, die letztendlich zum Untergang des Organs führen kann. Aufgrund der zentralen Rolle der Organfunktionen der Leber entwickelt sich rasch eine Multisystemerkrankung. Enzephalopathie, Nierenversagen, Herz-Kreislaufversagen, Lungenödem sowie Infektionen komplizieren den Verlauf der Erkrankung. Dieses Krankheitsbild erfordert immer eine spezifische, interdisziplinäre und intensivmedizinische Betreuung. Eine Spontanheilung ist ungewöhnlich und schwer vorauszusagen. So kann den Patienten nur die Lebertransplantation als therapeutische Option angeboten werden. Neue Leberersatzverfahren, auxilliäre Lebertransplantation oder Hepatozytentransplantation müssen ihre Wirksamkeit in Studien erst nachweisen.
An expert system for failure analysis and disposition of hard disk drives (2002)

The authors describe the development of an expert system for failure analysis and disposition of hard disk drives. A working prototype was implemented in the form of a run-time version and tried out on the production floor. The system is capable of providing consultation for forty-nine symptoms of failure from the four test stations. This includes twenty-nine debug procedures with due consideration to past records. Six evaluation test results are presented here to elaborate the efficiency and reliability of the system. These test runs were simulated on three test stations (recalibration, analog and burn-in). Besides providing logical and accurate consultation, the developed expert system can also be used as a teaching aid for new staff and serves to document the test procedures involved in hard disk testing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>