gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Qualitative microanalysis and estimation of sphingolipid bases (1959)

A method is described for the identification and determination of sphingolipid long-chain bases in various animal and plant lipids. Sphingosine and related bases, isolated as a mixture from acid hydrolysates of sphingolipids, are oxidized by sodium metaperiodate and the fatty aldehyde reaction products are isolated and analyzed by gas-liquid partition chromatography. The records thus obtained reflect the composition of the sphingolipid base fraction. A preliminary survey of various tissues is reported and the types of long-chain base found for each tissue are given. Evidence is presented for the presence of a new long-chain base associatcd with the sphingomyelin fraction of human plasma lipids.
Charging of pattern features during plasma etching (1991)

The localized charging of a rectangular trench during the plasma etching of a perfectly insulating surface was modeled assuming an isotropic electron flux and monodirectional ion bombardment. The field set up by the localized charging acts to deflect arriving ions, modifying the ion flux densities within the feature, and thus, etching rates. Preliminary simulations indicate that this may be important in the shaping of etching profiles.
A comprehensive and quantitative review of dark fermentative biohydrogen production (2012)

Biohydrogen production (BHP) can be achieved by direct or indirect biophotolysis, photo-fermentation and dark fermentation, whereof only the latter does not require the input of light energy. Our motivation to compile this review was to quantify and comprehensively report strains and process performance of dark fermentative BHP. This review summarizes the work done on pure and defined co-culture dark fermentative BHP since the year 1901. Qualitative growth characteristics and quantitative normalized results of H2 production for more than 2000 conditions are presented in a normalized and therefore comparable format to the scientific community.Statistically based evidence shows that thermophilic strains comprise high substrate conversion efficiency, but mesophilic strains achieve high volumetric productivity. Moreover, microbes of Thermoanaerobacterales (Family III) have to be preferred when aiming to achieve high substrate conversion efficiency in comparison to the families Clostridiaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. The limited number of results available on dark fermentative BHP from fed-batch cultivations indicates the yet underestimated potential of this bioprocessing application. A Design of Experiments strategy should be preferred for efficient bioprocess development and optimization of BHP aiming at improving medium, cultivation conditions and revealing inhibitory effects. This will enable comparing and optimizing strains and processes independent of initial conditions and scale.
Virulence Genes of the Phytopathogen <i>Rhodococcus fascians</i> Show Specific Spatial and Temporal Expression Patterns During Plant Infection (2002)

The phytopathogenic bacterium Rhodococcus fascians provokes shoot meristem formation and malformations on aerial plant parts, mainly at the axils. The interaction is accompanied by bacterial colonization of the plant surface and tissues. Upon infection, the two bacterial loci required for full virulence, fas and att, were expressed only at the sites of symptom development, although their expression profiles differed both spatially and temporally. The att locus was expressed principally in bacteria located on the plant surface at early stages of infection. Expression of the fas locus occurred throughout infection, mainly in bacteria that were penetrating, or had penetrated, the plant tissues and coincided with sites of meristem initiation and proliferation. The implications for the regulation of virulence genes of R. fascians during plant infection are discussed.
Epitaxial Fe films on (100)GaAs substrates by ion beam sputtering (1987)

We report the successful growth of single-crystal Fe films on GaAs substrates in (100) orientation by ion beam sputtering. Magnetic measurements show that the crystalline anisotropy field of these films is substantially the same as that of bulk single crystals.
An evaluation of techniques for the extraction of mineral absorption features from high spectral resolution remote sensing data (1991)

Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer data covering the wavelength range between 2000 and 2400 nm are examined for their ability to display the diagnostic mineral absorption features of certain alteration minerals, employing various data processing techniques. The techniques may be separated into two broad categories: scene based techniques that use parameters derived from the data themselves, and correction techniques utilizing external information such as solar/atmospheric models. Results indicate that the data corrected utilizing the LOWTRAN 7 atmospheric transfer code constrained with local weather station data are the most effective at showing the diagnostic absorption features of the regions of known mineralogy and introduce the least number of artifacts into the data.
A Eukaryotic (Insect) Tricistronic mRNA Encodes Three Proteins Selected by Context-dependent Scanning (2010)

Eukaryotic mRNAs are generally considered monocistronic and encode only one protein. Although dicistronic mRNAs encoding two proteins were found in fungi, plants, and animals, polycistronic mRNAs encoding more than two proteins have remained elusive so far in any eukaryote. Here we demonstrate that a single mRNA from silkworm encodes the precursor of an insect cytokine paralytic peptide (PP) and two new cytokine precursor-like proteins, uENF1 and uENF2. RT-PCR analysis showed that this mRNA is widely conserved in moths. Western blot analyses and reporter assays using its modified mRNAs, created by replacing each one of the three ORFs with the firefly luciferase ORF, showed that all three proteins were translated from this mRNA in cell lines, larval tissues, and cell-free systems. Insertion experiments using the Renilla luciferase ORF or a stem loop ruled out the possible involvement of internal ribosome entry site in the three protein translation. On the other hand, systematic mutation analysis of the translation initiation sequence of the 5'-proximal uENF1 ORF suggested that the context-dependent leaky-scanning mechanism is involved in translation of the downstream uENF2 and PP ORFs. In vitro, a synthetic peptide corresponding to the putative mature form of uENF1 stimulated spreading of hemocytes as did the synthetic PP, whereas that of uENF2 antagonized the stimulating activities of PP and the uENF1 peptide, suggesting that the three proteins control cellular immunity interactively. Thus, eukaryotes have a cellular tricistronic mRNA that encodes three functionally related proteins as in an operon.
Global and local attentional processing following optic neuritis (2010)

After an optic neuritis (i.e., acute inflammation of the optic nerve), several patients report visual discomfort although ophthalmologic assessments show a complete recovery. To evaluate if attentional impairment could contribute to these complaints, the present study investigated global and local processing in healthy individuals and patients with recovered optic neuritis. Ten healthy controls (38.39±6.15 years) and eleven patients (33.81±5.57 years) with recovered right or left optic neuritis episode(s) completed a letter-detection task. The target to-be-detected (the letter “O”) was presented either in the right or the left hemifield and either as a small letter surrounded by flankers or as a single large letter. Response time and response accuracy were recorded. Although no significant group effect was observed regarding the number of erroneous responses, a trend toward a significant group x stimulus size x hemifield interaction was observed (F(1,19)=42.63; p=.059). With large stimuli, participants, either controls or patients, showed a lower number of errors when stimuli were presented in the left than in the right hemifield. When small stimuli were presented, healthy controls showed a similar number of errors in both hemifields whereas optic neuritis patients made a greater number of errors when these stimuli were presented in the right than in the left hemifield. Regarding response time, no significant group main effect or interaction was observed. However, a significant stimulus size x hemifield interaction revealed that small stimuli were processed faster when presented in the right hemifield whereas large stimuli were processed faster when presented in the left hemifield. Altogether, our results did not suggest any global or local attentional anomaly in optic neuritis patients. Both healthy controls and patients showed the classic hemispheric specialization for local and global attention, in that the right hemisphere is dominant for global processing while the left hemisphere is dominant for local processing.
Grader Performance Using a Peach Ground Color Maturity Chart (1987)

Abstract The ability of graders to match colors in a ground color maturity chart to actual peach ( Prunus persica L. Batsch) ground colors was measured for seven cultivar s. Peach samples were graded visually, and scores were compared with color scores derived from colorimeter measurements. Graders selected the correct color reference match in 48% of the observations and within one color of the correct reference in 94% of the observations. For the standard minimum maturity reference, this corresponds to a ground color range with Hunter “a” values between −5.8 and −1.3. Color matching was affected by skin lightness as well as chromaticity. Significant differences were measured in color matching performance among cultivars and graders, but these differences were of little practical effect.
Olefin hydroformylation (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Historical Aspects Industrial Aspects Mechanistic Aspects Concluding Remarks References
Is the Scientific Publishing of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Objective? (1999)

Bias expressed by conventional journals against the field of "alternative," "integrative," or "complementary" medicine has been said to drive the appearance of new journals dedicated to this field. We examined two examples of recent articles on complementary and alternative medicine that appeared in two major medical journals in 1998. One is an editorial on the risks of alternative medicine, published in The New England Journal of Medicine and the other is a study on Therapeutic Touch, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. We evaluated whether information and opinions presented in this editorial and article are objective or not. We found that these examples reflect, at best, misinformation or misunderstanding of the field, or at worst, disingenuousness. We consider the possibility that this apparent bias may be due to the fact that some of the concepts implicit in alternative medicine are outside the current biomedical framework. Yet, it is only by exploring knowledge outside the boundaries of existing dogmas that real (as opposed to incremental) progress can occur.
Propagation properties of photonic crystal fibers filled with nematic liquid crystals (2005)

The paper presents the latest experimental results on propagation properties of a photonic crystal fiber infilled with a nematic liquid crystal characterized by either extremely low (of the order of ~0.05) or relatively high (of the order of ~0.3) material birefringence. The nematic liquid crystal was introduced into the micro holes of the photonic crystal fiber by the capillary effect. Due to anisotropic properties of the obtained photonic liquid-crystal fiber, guiding mechanism that has to be attributed to the photonic band gap effect has been demonstrated.
Local grid refinement for multi-scale geothermal reservoir simulation with TOUGH2 (2000)

No abstract prepared.
A Case of Lassa Fever Diagnosed at a Community Hospital—Minnesota 2014 (2018)

Given the nonspecific presentation of viral hemorrhagic fevers, isolation of ill travelers and consistent implementation of basic infection control measures are key to preventing secondary transmission. When consistently applied, these measures can prevent secondary transmission even if travel history information is not obtained, not immediately available, or the diagnosis of a viral hemorrhagic fever is delayed.
Inhibition of adenosine‐metabolizing enzymes modulates mouse sperm fertilizing ability: A changing role for endogenously generated adenosine during capacitation (1988)

The effect of inhibiting adenosine-metabolizing enzymes on sperm fertilizing ability was studied to investigate a possible role for endogenously generated adenosine in the regulation of capacitation. The compounds used have been shown to be effective inhibitors of the relevant enzymes in similarly incubated mouse sperm suspensions. Inhibition of 5'-nucleotidase activity with alpha, beta-methylene adenosine 5'-diphosphate (AMPCP), to reduce available endogenous adenosine, caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the fertilizing ability of partially capacitated spermatozoa, which was significant with 100 and 250 microM AMPCP. Conversely, inhibition of adenosine deaminase with 100 nM coformycin, to increase available endogenous adenosine, promoted the fertilizing ability of partially capacitated spermatozoa when the fertilization rate of control suspensions was low. However, coformycin had no effect on sperm suspensions with moderate fertilizing ability, and it inhibited fertilizing ability when added to capacitated spermatozoa. These data are consistent with a promotion of the early stages of capacitation by endogenously generated adenosine and suggest that sensitivity to adenosine changes as capacitation proceeds. Because the majority of adenosine-metabolizing enzyme activity residues in or is directed toward the extracellular compartment in such suspensions, these effects of adenosine may be mediated at the outer surface of the cell. By interacting with receptors on adenylate cyclase, externally produced adenosine could modulate intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), thereby influencing fertilizing ability.
A New Approach to a Reliable Time Multiplexed Switch (1982)

Conventional designs for the time-multiplexed space-division switch used in PCM switching networks employ spatial redundancy (duplication) to assure adequate reliability. An alternative technique is described which employs a combination of coding redundancy and holographic temporal scattering to achieve reliability without duplication.
Analyses of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">D</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">K</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">S</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">K</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">D</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mi/><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mi/><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">K</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">S</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>π</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1997)

Using data collected with the CLEO II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we present new measurements of the branching fractions for ${D}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}_{S}{K}^{+}$ and ${D}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}_{S}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$. These results are combined with other CLEO measurements to extract the ratios of isospin amplitudes and phase shifts for $D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{KK}$ and $D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}K\ensuremath{\pi}$.
An Autonomous Control System for an Intra-Vehicular Spacecraft Mobile Monitor Prototype (2003)

This paper presents an overview of an ongoing research and development effort at the NASA Ames Research Center to create an autonomous control system for an internal spacecraft autonomous mobile monitor. It primary functions are to provide crew support and perform intravehicular sensing activities by autonomously navigating onboard the International Space Station. We describe the mission roles and high-level functional requirements for an autonomous mobile monitor. The mobile monitor prototypes, of which two are operational and one is actively being designed, physical test facilities used to perform ground testing, including a 3D micro-gravity test facility, and simulators are briefly described. We provide an overview of the autonomy framework and describe each of its components, including those used for automated planning, goal-oriented task execution, diagnosis, and fault recovery. A sample mission test scenario is also described. 1.
SV40 virion formation functions as a novel epigenetic switch controlling early and late transcription (2019)

Simian Virus 40 (SV40) is a small double‐strand DNA virus, which exists in the form of chromatin throughout its lifecycle. Because of its chromatin structure, the virus is expected to undergo the typical forms of epigenetic regulation, including differential nucleosome location and histone modifications. In order to characterize the epigenetic changes occurring during the formation of virions from late‐stage SV40 minichromosomes (encapsidation), we have compared the location of nucleosomes containing acetylated or methylated lysines from the histone tails of H3 and H4 present in the chromatin from late‐stage minichromosomes, encapsidation intermediates, and disrupted virions. In late‐stage minichromosomes, we found that nucleosomes carrying histone modifications were primarily found in the SV40 regulatory region within the enhancer and at the early and late transcription start sites. Significantly, the nucleosome containing modified histones within the enhancer would be expected to repress early transcription by overlying regulatory sequences in the SP1 and enhancer regions required for early transcription while still allowing for late transcription. In contrast, in chromatin from virions the nucleosome found in the enhancer has been shifted approximately 70 base‐pairs toward the late region uncovering the regulatory sequences necessary for early transcription and likely repressing late transcription. This encapsidation‐dependent epigenetic switch was associated with the final stages of virion formation. Support or Funding Information This work was funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health, AI094441 (to B.M.) and GM098328 (to L.B.) and P20 GM113123 (to Epigenetics Core) This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Immunoferritin Localization of Intracellular Antigens: The Use of Ultracryotomy to Obtain Ultrathin Sections Suitable for Direct Immunoferritin Staining (1973)

A general method for the ultrastructural localization of intracellular proteins and antigens by immunoferritin techniques has been developed. The method involves direct staining of ultrathin sections of mildly glutaraldehyde-fixed and frozen tissues cut by means of a cryo-ultramicrotome. Bovine pancreatic sections were cut, mounted on grids, and stained with ferritin-rabbit antibovine RNase conjugates. After negative staining with 0.2% phosphotungstic acid, electron micrographs revealed specific labeling of all of the zymogen granules and the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. No significant labeling was seen in the nucleus, mitochondria, or cell sap regions. The observation that no significant labeling was found in any region of rat pancreatic sections was consistent with the fact that rat RNase is immunologically non-crossreactive with bovine RNase. In addition, the labeling seen in bovine pancreas was completely absent if the sections were first incubated with free antibody. The method used here avoids prolonged fixation, dehydration, and other harsh chemical or physical treatments, and should extend the usefulness of immunoferritin techniques to the intracellular localization of many protein antigens beyond previously available methods.
End binding protein‐1 (EB1) complements microtubule‐associated protein‐1B during axonogenesis (2005)

The different strains of microtubule-associated protein (MAP)-1B-deficient mice that have been generated appear to express different phenotypes. This variability could be the consequence of the distinct genetic backgrounds of the animals used to generate these lines. Certain proteins might be able to complement the deficit of MAP1B function in these mice. Therefore, we examined whether the concentrations of potential compensatory proteins varied among these mutant strains. In this way, we identified significant differences in the amounts of the microtubule-associated EB1 protein between two of these strains. Furthermore, in transfection studies, we demonstrated that the overexpression of end binding protein-1 (EB1) could facilitate axonogenesis in MAP1B-/- cells in which EB1 is normally weakly expressed. Thus, we suggest that EB1 could complement MAP1B function during neural development.
Nutlin-3 radiosensitizes hypoxic prostate cancer cells independent of p53 (2008)

Nutlin-3 is a small-molecule inhibitor that acts to inhibit MDM2 binding to p53 and subsequent p53-dependent DNA damage signaling. Whether Nutlin-3 alters cell toxicity following DNA damage under oxic versus hypoxic conditions has not been studied. The potential radiosensitization (0-10 Gy) properties of Nutlin-3 (dose range, 2-10 micromol/L for up to 24 h) were investigated in vitro using three prostate cancer cell lines, 22RV1 [wild-type p53 (WTp53)], DU145 (mutated p53), and PC-3 (p53-null) under oxic (21% O(2)), hypoxic (0.2% O(2)), and anoxic (0% O(2)) conditions. As a single agent, Nutlin-3 (2-10 micromol/L) stabilized p53 and p21(WAF) levels and was toxic to WTp53-22RV1 cells (IC(50), 4.3 micromol/L) but had minimal toxicity toward p53-deficient cells (IC(50), >10 micromol/L). When combined with radiation under oxic conditions, Nutlin-3 decreased clonogenic survival in all three cell lines: 22RV1 [sensitizing enhancement ratio (SER), 1.24], DU145 (SER, 1.27), and PC-3 (SER, 1.12). Anoxia induced p53 protein expression in 22RV1 cells and this was augmented by Nutlin-3 treatment. Furthermore, Nutlin-3 was more effective as a radiosensitizer under hypoxic conditions particularly in WTp53-expressing cells: 22RV1 (SER, 1.78), DU145 (SER, 1.31), and PC-3 (SER, 1.28). The decrease in clonogenic survival with Nutlin-3 was not correlated to altered levels of radiation-induced apoptosis within the three cell lines. Our results indicate that Nutlin-3 can act as a radiosensitizer via p53-independent mechanisms under low O(2) levels. Nutlin-3 may be a useful adjunct to improve the therapeutic ratio using precision radiotherapy targeted to hypoxic cells and warrants further study in vivo.
ChemInform Abstract: Production of 6‐(18F)Fluoro‐L‐DOPA and Its Metabolism in vivo ‐ A Critical Review (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.