gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Third-Generation Long-Acting β<sub>2</sub>-Adrenoceptor Agonists: Medicinal Chemistry Strategies Employed in the Identification of Once-Daily Inhaled β<sub>2</sub>-Adrenoceptor Agonists (2011)

Inhaled long-acting β(2)-adrenoceptor agonists (LABAs) are highly effective bronchodilators in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There is significant interest in the development of third-generation compounds that improve upon the marketed twice-daily LABAs salmeterol and formoterol. A principal advantage sought from the next generation is duration of action that supports once-daily dosing, although improved efficacy, faster onset, and increased therapeutic index are also frequently cited as objectives. Recent publications detailing medicinal chemistry programs directed at the discovery of third-generation LABAs illustrate a wide variety of strategies that have been successfully employed towards these goals. Some recent scientific advances in the understanding of inhaled bronchodilators are discussed and the reported medicinal chemistry strategies are reviewed in the context of these advances.
Extracting queries by static analysis of transparent persistence (2007)

Transparent persistence promises to integrate programming languages and databases by allowing procedural programs to access persistent data with the same ease as non-persistent data. When the data is stored in a relational database, however, transparent persistence does not naturally leverage the performance benefits of relational query optimization. We present a program analysis that combines the benefits of both approaches by extracting database queries from programs with transparent access to persistent data. The analysis uses a sound abstract interpretation of the original program to approximate the data traversal paths in the program and the conditions under which the paths are used. The resulting paths are then converted into a query, and the program is simplified by removing redundant tests. We study an imperative kernel language with read-only access to persistent data and identify the conditions under which the transformations can be applied. This analysis approach promises to combine the software engineering benefits of transparent data persistence with the performance benefits of database query optimization.
Rearrangement processes in the mass spectra of <i>N</i>‐substituted sulphoximines (1974)

Abstract The electron‐impact mass spectra of a range of N ‐substituted sulphoximines have been recorded and rationalised. Intense peaks consistent with oxygen‐to‐sulphur and sulphur‐to‐sulphur migrations were observed in the spectra of some of the compounds.
Treatment adherence in hypertension : methodological aspects and new strategies (2012)

medication adherence simultaneously by electronic monitoring and pill count in patients with mild to moderate hypertension
The Improvement of Milk by Cultivation with Ciliates (2001)

The exceptional nutritional values of milk have long been recognized. However, important drawbacks of milk and dairy products are their relatively high cholesterol contents and their low proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Hypersensitivity to milk proteins can also draw the public away from fluid milk consumption. The nonpathogenic ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila has a unique set of enzymes that converts cholesterol into provitamin D3 and related compounds. It also contains delta 12 fatty acid desaturases and releases various hydrolases, including proteases, lipases, and phospholipases. We investigated the potential use of these peculiar traits to improve milk by short-term incubation with live ciliate suspensions. We found that cholesterol can be reduced to 50% of its initial content in whole milk by a 12-h period of incubation with T. thermophila cells, mostly by conversion to delta 7-desaturated cholesterol derivatives, including provitamin D3. In addition, a considerable increase in gamma-linolenate (18:3, n-6) takes place. The protein profile is markedly changed by proteolysis, with a striking reduction of casein and enhancement in total amino acid content. Despite these changes, no marked alterations in flavor or odor were observed at the end of 12 h of incubation. Thus, Tetrahymena appeared ideally suited to correct for milk draw-backs, making this important source of nutrients more acceptable to the health-conscious public.
Analysis and modeling of the EDS Maglev system based on the Halbach permanent magnet array (2004)

Electro-dynamic suspension (EDS) Magnetic levitation (Maglev) with its advantage in maintenance, safety, efficiency, speed, and noise is regarded as a leading candidate for the next generation transportation / space launch assist system. The Halbach array due to its unique magnetic field feature has been widely used in various applications. The EDS system using Halbach arrays leads to the potential EDS system without super-conductor (SC) technology. In this thesis, the Halbach array magnetic field and the dynamics of a novel Halbach array EDS Maglev system were considered. The practical Halbach array magnetic field was analyzed using both a Fourier series approach and the finite element method (FEM). In addition, the optimal Halbach array geometry was derived and analyzed. A novel active magnetic array was introduced and used in the Halbach array EDS Maglev configuration. Further more, since the system is self-regulated in lateral, roll, pitch, and yaw directions, the control was simplified and can be implemented electronically. The dynamic stability analysis and simulation results showed that the system is marginally stable and a control mechanism is needed for stability and ride comfort control. The six degree of freedom (DOF) dynamics, and the vehicle's mass center offset effects on those dynamics were investigated with multiple passive and active magnetic forces. The results indicated that the vehicle's mass center offset has a strong effect on the dynamics of the Maglev system due to the uniqueness of the magnetic force and also that the mass center offset can cause Maglev oscillations at the take off stage. In order to guarantee the dynamic stability and ride comfort of the Maglev system, an optimized active damping and a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control were developed. Finally, the simulation confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) control designs.
Enhanced resistance of DNA nanostructures to enzymatic digestion (2009)

The ability of nucleases to perform their catalytic functions depends on the sequence and structural features of target DNA substrates. Due to their size and shape, several DNA tetrahedra are resistant to the action of specific and non-specific nucleases. Such enhanced stability is a key requirement for DNA nanostructures to be useful as delivery vehicles.
The Comorbidity Between Premature Ejaculation and Erectile Dysfunction—A Cross-Sectional Internet Survey (2019)

This study confirmed a high prevalence of PE and ED coexistence, indicating a complicated relationship between the 2 conditions and the importance of screening for their co-occurrence in practice. Tsai W-K, Chiang P-K, Lu C-C, et al. The Comorbidity Between Premature Ejaculation and Erectile Dysfunction-A Cross-Sectional Internet Survey. Sex Med 2019;7:451-458.
Ultra-long span optical transmission using bidirectional Raman amplification (2015)

Gain profile of bidirectional pumped distributed Raman amplification with various forward and backward pump power ratio is investigated. An application for repeaterless ultra-long span transmission on conventional standard fiber is examined. Numerical simulation shows a good transmission performance can be achieved by carefully adjusting forward pump to operate on low pump power ratio. Simulation result and performance analysis of 10 Gb/s RZ-ASK transmission over 400 km distance is presented.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Automated Peritoneal Dialysis Compared to Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (1999)

I n many countries, automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) has grown dramatically in recent years and, at present, can be said to be the fastest growing mo dality of dialysis in the world. Thus, in 1997, it was estimated that about 28 000 PD patients, representing more than one quarter of the total worldwide, were being maintained on APD (Baxter Corporation. Personal communication). In the U.S., the percentage of PD patients on APD has risen from 12% in 1992 to 32% in 1996 (1) and, in Canada, from 9% in 1993 to 28% in 1997 (Baxter Corporation. Personal communication). It is generally thought that this growth reflects a number of factors. One is the technological improvement in cyclers, which has made them more compact, attractive, and portable. Another is the increased emphasis on adequacy of PD (2) associated with the notion that greater clearances can be achieved on this modality than on traditional CAPD. A third is the perception that APD may have lifestyle advantages for many patients or for their relatives and caregivers. All of these factors raise the question of what the future roles for CAPD and APD will be. Should all PD patients be treated with APD or does CAPD have an ongoing role to play? Is APD an inherently superior modality? In this review, the relative advantages and disadvantages of the two modalities will be dis cussed under a number ofheadings, including lifestyle, clinical outcomes, and cost.
Alternating low frequency stimulation of medial septal and commissural fibers induces NMDA‐dependent, long‐lasting potentiation of hippocampal synapses in urethane‐anesthetized rats (2008)

Recent evidence indicates that some synapses exhibit long-lasting synaptic potentiation in response to low frequency (1 Hz) stimulation, similar to long-term potentiation (LTP) following high frequency induction protocols. Here, the authors characterize a form of long-lasting synaptic potentiation in the hippocampal CA1 area following alternating, single pulse stimulation of the medial septum (MS) and hippocampal CA3 commissural fibers (MS-H LTP). In urethane-anesthetized rats, alternating single pulse stimulation of the MS and CA3 (50 pulses each at 0.5 Hz, 1,000 ms interstimulus interval [ISI]) produced gradual increases of field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) amplitude in CA1 ( approximately 123% of baseline), while MS or CA3 stimulation alone was ineffective. The fEPSP enhancement was long-lasting (>4h) and repeated episodes of alternating MS-CA3 stimulation tended to result in greater levels of potentiation than those elicited by a single episode. Surprisingly, ISIs of 500, 750, and 1,500 ms did not result in significant changes in fEPSP amplitude, while an ISI of 100 ms produced synaptic depression. MS-H LTP was resistant to systemic administration of nicotinic and muscarinic receptor antagonists (scopolamine, mecamylamine), but abolished by systemic MK-801 (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) or local CA1 application of AP-V (10 mM), indicative of a critical role of hippocampal NMDA receptors in this effect. Paired-pulse facilitation experiments revealed a gradually developing, significant inverse correlation between fEPSP enhancement and decrease in paired-pulse facilitation ratio, suggesting a role of changes in presynaptic transmitter release. Together, these data demonstrate a novel form of long-lasting synaptic enhancement in CA1 neurons in response to low frequency activity in separate afferent systems, an activity that might mimic some aspects of natural discharge patterns during the acquisition or consolidation of memory processes in hippocampal circuits.
High-throughput QR decomposition for MIMO detection in OFDM systems (2010)

In this paper, we aim to design and implement a high-throughput QR decomposition architecture for 4 × 4 MIMO signal detection problems. A real-value decomposed MIMO system model is handled and thus the channel matrix to be processed is extended to the size 8×8. Instead of direct factorization, we propose a QR decomposition scheme by cascading one complex-value and one real-value Givens rotation blocks, which can save 44% hardware complexity. The systolic array is adopted for hardware implementation to facilitate pipeline design. Then, the requirement of skewed inputs to the conventional complex-value QR-decomposition systolic array is improved and 37% of delay elements are removed. The real-value Givens rotation stage is implemented by a stacked triangular systolic array to match with the throughput of the complex-value one. We have implemented the proposed design in 0.18 μm CMOS technology with 152K gates. From post-layout simulations, the maximum operating frequency can achieve 90.09MHz. The proposed scheme not only reduces the hardware complexity, but also supports high throughput for MIMO-OFDM signal detection up to 2.16 Gbps under stationary channels.
Spherical camera model for divergent camera cluster (2012)

This paper presents a spherical camera model with a single effective viewpoint constraint for divergent camera cluster. We define a spherical projection as the method of representing a space point on a sphere surface using central projection. Therefore, it is reasonable to consider a divergent camera cluster as a single model to solve problems in computer vision. In order to construct the spherical camera model, we propose a solution to meet the constraint conditions, including the realization of the unique universal optical center, all fields of view covered and the uniform resolution. It proves that the spherical camera model is reasonable for divergent camera cluster.
A new route to functional polymers: atom-economical synthesis of poly(pyrazolylnaphthalene)s by rhodium-catalyzed oxidative polycoupling of phenylpyrazole and internal diynes (2013)

A new route for atom-economical synthesis of functional polymers was developed. Oxidative polycoupling of 3,5-dimethyl-1-phenylpyrazole with 4,4′-(α,ω-alkylenedioxy) bis(diphenylacetylene)s and 1,2-diphenyl-1,2-bis[4-(phenylethynyl)phenyl]ethene, respectively, were catalyzed by [Cp*RhCl<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>, 1,2,3,4- tetraphenylcyclopenta-1,3-diene and copper(ii) acetate in dimethylformamide under stoichiometric imbalance conditions, affording soluble poly(pyrazolylnaphthalene)s in satisfactory yields (isolation yield up to 82%) with high molecular weights (M<sub>w</sub> up to 35700). All the polymers were thermally stable, losing little of their weight at high temperatures of 323-422 °C. They possessed good film-forming property and their thin solid films showed high refractive indices (RI = 1.747 - 1.593) in a wide wavelength region of 400-1000 nm. The polymer carrying tetraphenylethene units displayed a phenomenon of aggregation-induced emission and showed enhanced light emission in the aggregated state. The emission of its nanoaggregates could be quenched efficiently by picric acid in both solution and solid states, suggesting that it is a promising sensitive chemosensor for detecting explosives for real-world applications.
An enhanced recommendation scheme for online grocery shopping (2011)

Online grocery shopping becomes more and more popular in recent years. To facilitate the purchase process, many online stores provide a shopping recommendation system for their consumers. So far, the generic recommendation systems mainly consider preferences of a consumer based on his/her purchase histories. Nevertheless, it is noted that there is nothing to do with the right timing to purchase a product from the view point of product replenishment or economic purchasing. Hence, we develop a new recommendation scheme especially for online grocery shopping by incorporating two additional considerations, i.e., product replenishment and product promotion. We believe that such a new scheme should be able to provide a better recommendation list which fit consumer desires, needs, and budget considerations and finally boost transactions.
Modification of the Rheological Properties of Whey Protein Isolate through the Use of an Immobilized Microbial Transglutaminase (2002)

A process was developed in which calcium-independent, microbial transglutaminase (mTgase) was immobilized to controlled-pore glass. Avidin was adsorbed to glass beads that had been derivatized and biotinylated. The enzyme was biotinylated and adsorbed to the avidin affinity matrix. Solutions of 8% whey protein isolate (WPI) were then incubated with the mTgase beads, resulting in limited cross-linking of whey proteins. As incubation time increased, intrinsic viscosity increased, gelation temperature decreased, and stronger, more brittle gels were formed upon heating. This process allowed for recycling of the enzyme, eliminated the requirement for a downstream inactivation step, and permitted control over the extent of cross-linking. The functional properties of several batches of WPI were modified using <10 mg of the same enzyme, illustrating the capacity of immobilized enzymes to be used more frequently in applications of this nature.
Investigation of the Transcription in C6 Cells Trapped by a Novel Gene Trap Vector of the Convergent Type (2003)

a n d S V 4 0 p ol y a d e n y l a ti o n si g n a l fl a n k e d b y lo x P sit e s . C 6 c ell li n e s st a bly i n t e g r a t e d w it h th e G T V w e r e e s t a b li s h e d b y s e le c tio n w it h a n ti bi o ti c s . E x p r e s si o n p a t t e r n s o f s e n s e a n d a n ti s e n s e st r a n d s a r o un d t h e t r a p v e c t o r e x a m i n e d b y t h e t w o r e p o r t e r g e n e s a n d t h e i r t r a n -
On the relationships between static and dynamic models in reverse engineering Java software (2003)

An experimental environment for reverse engineering Java software is discussed. Static information is extracted from class files and viewed using Rigi reverse engineering environment. The dynamic information is generated by running the target software under a debugger. The debugged event trace information is viewed as scenario diagrams using a prototype tool called SCED. In SCED, state diagrams can be synthesized automatically from scenario diagrams. Dynamic information can also be attached to the static Rigi graph. Both static and dynamic views contain information about software artifacts and their relations. Such overlapping information forms a connection for information exchange between the views. SCED scenario diagrams are used for slicing the Rigi view and the Rigi view in turn, is used to guide the generation of SCED scenario diagrams and for raising their level of abstraction.
Urinary excretion of the acrylonitrile metabolite 2-cyanoethylmercapturic acid is correlated with a variety of biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure and consumption (2010)

Acrylonitrile is an IARC class 2B carcinogen present in cigarette smoke. Urinary 2-cyanoethylmercapturic acid (CEMA) is an acrylonitrile metabolite and a potential biomarker for acrylonitrile exposure. The objective of this work was to study the dose response of CEMA in urine of non-smokers and smokers of different ISO tar yield cigarettes. We observed that smokers excreted >100-fold higher amounts of urinary CEMA than non-smokers. The CEMA levels in smokers were significantly correlated with ISO tar yield, daily cigarette consumption, and urinary biomarkers of smoke exposure. In conclusion, urinary CEMA is a suitable biomarker for assessing smoking-related exposure to acrylonitrile.
Fast algorithm for 2-D image moments via the Radon transform (2002)

A fast algorithm for the computation of the two-dimensional image moments is proposed. In our approach, a new discrete Radon transform (DRT) is used for the major part of the algorithm. The new DRT preserves an important property of the continuous Radon transform that the regular or geometric moments can be directly obtained from the projection data. With this property, the computation of a two-dimensional (2-D) image moments can be decomposed as a number of one-dimensional (1-D) ones, hence greatly reducing the computational complexity. Comparisons of the computational complexity and performance with some known methods are also given. It is shown that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the complexity and computation time.
Quantitative image analysis of vertebral body architecture—improved diagnosis in osteoporosis based on high-resolution computed tomography (1993)

71 women, 64 post-menopausal, were examined by single-energy quantitative computed tomography (SEQCT) and by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans through the middle of lumbar vertebral bodies. Computer-assisted image analysis of the high-resolution images assessed trabecular morphometry of the vertebral spongiosa texture. Texture parameters differed in women with and without age-reduced bone density, and in the former group also in patients with and without vertebral fractures. Discriminating parameters were the total number, diameter and variance of trabecular and intertrabecular spaces as well as the trabecular surface (p < 0.05)). A texture index based on these statistically selected morphometric parameters identified a subgroup of patients suffering from fractures due to abnormal spongiosal architecture but with a bone mineral content not indicative for increased fracture risk. The combination of osteodensitometric and trabecular morphometry improves the diagnosis of osteoporosis and may contribute to the prediction of individual fracture risk.
Ca3(PO4)2 - CaNaPO4 System (1968)

Abstract As a fundamental research of a calcined defluorinated phosphate containing a small amount of sodium, the system Ca3(PO4)2(tricalcium phosphate, T) - CaNaPO4(Rhenanite, R) was studied by high temperature X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, etc., and the phase diagram determined. During heating, T inverted from β to α at 1180°C, and then possibly from α to α′ at 1280°C. R inverted from β to α at 690°C. In the composition range containing R from about 10 to 98% by weight, (βT+βR), the stable phase at room temperature, inverted to (βT+αR) at 650°C. The (βT+αR) changed at 980°C to form a compound “A” Ca5Na2(PO4)4 for the sample containing 50.5% R, and (“A”+βT) for samples containing a smaller amount of R. The (“A”+βT) then changed to “A” solid solution at elevated temperatures. The crystals of “A” consisted of a superlattice of αR. “A” and the solid solution changed to αR solid solution at higher temperature. By quenching the samples containing 35 to 50.5% R from 1400°C, a single phase “A” or “A” solid solution was obtained at room temperature. The “A” solid solution was the major phase of the calcined defluorinated phosphate. During heating of samples containing more than 50.5% R, (βT+αR) changed to αR solid solution at or below 980°C; during cooling of the solid solution (“A”+βR) formed at 650°C.