gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy-harvesting WSNs for structural health monitoring of underground train tunnels (2013)

Structural health monitoring is a vital tool to help engineers improving the safety of critical structures, avoiding the risks of catastrophic failures. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a very promising technology for structural health monitoring, as they can provide a quality of monitoring similar to conventional (wired) SHM systems with lower cost. In addiction, WSNs are both non-intrusive and non-disruptive and can be employed from the very early stages of construction.The main goal of this work is to investigate the feasibility of a WSN with energy-harvesting capabilities for structural health monitoring, specifically targeting underground tunnels.
Best antibiotics for buccal delivery (2011)

Thesis (S.M.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2011.
Protective effects of adipose stem cells against cigarette‐smoke induced lung injury (2009)

Adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) express several critical determinants of lung rejuvenation, thus providing components necessary for tissues to recover from lung injury, such as that induced by cigarette smoke (CS) in emphysema. We evaluated the therapeutic effects of ASCs on CS‐induced lung injury. Mice were exposed to CS for 4 months; during the second half of CS exposure, mice were treated with 3.5 x 105 murine ASCs or saline (i.v. qow). Mice receiving ASCs were protected against CS‐induced alveolar space enlargement, measured by mean linear intercept (mean=30.72; sem=0.779; p=0.032). This effect was associated with decreased PMN lung inflammation, as well as AKT and p38 MAPK activation induced by CS exposure (p=0.028 and 0.0311). Alveolar (endothelial) cell barrier dysfunction may be an early injury marker induced by CS in the lung. Since ASCs are known to secrete vascular‐protective factors, we tested the ability of ASC supernatants to protect against CS‐induced endothelial cell permeability. CS caused a dose‐dependent decrease in primary mouse trans‐endothelial monolayer electrical resistance (64% at 5hr) that was significantly attenuated by ASC‐ media and by a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor (p=0.034 and 0.004). These results suggest a protective effect of ASCs from CS‐induced lung injury that may involve paracrine modulation of the AKT and p38 signaling pathways. Funding: IU Signature Center Grant.
Carboxylesterases in the Metabolism and Toxicity of Pesticides (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Organophosphates Carbamates Synthetic Pyrethroids Conclusions References
Free‐calcium and force transients during depolarization and pharmacomechanical coupling in guinea‐pig smooth muscle. (1988)

1. Fura2 was loaded by permeation and hydrolysis of the acetoxymethyl ester into smooth muscle cells of intact thin sheets of the longitudinal layer of the small intestine of the guinea-pig, to record Ca2+ transients during contraction. 2. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) was monitored by computing the ratio of the fluorescence signal excited at 340 and 380 nm wavelengths. The dye loading and the exposure to UV light required for the experiments had no significant effect on the contractile parameters observed. 3. Spontaneous, rhythmic increases in [Ca2+]i were often observed, preceding the onset of force. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ caused a very transient increase in [Ca2+]i accompanied by a phasic force transient; this was followed by a decline in [Ca2+]i and tension below control levels. Elevated Ca2+ from 1.2 to 15 mM also caused a fall in [Ca2+]i and a relaxation of basal tension. 4. Elevation of [K+]o increased [Ca2+]i. Graded concentrations of K+ caused graded changes in both fluorescence ratio and tension. 5. Carbachol evoked a transient increase in [Ca2+]i and contraction. Thereafter, in spite of the continued presence of the drug, both signals declined, presumably as the result of cholinergic desensitization. The initial phasic force response to carbachol was usually followed by an 'after-contraction', that was only occasionally accompanied by a similar (small) secondary rise in the fluorescence signal. 6. In depolarized smooth muscle, both in the presence and in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, carbachol induced a transient increase in [Ca2+]i, indicating that Ca2+ release from intracellular stores is a major mechanism of pharmacomechanical coupling. 7. In some preparations an applied stretch caused, after a few seconds, a rise in [Ca2+]i and force development.
Ce/Au(CN)<sub>2</sub><sup>–</sup>‐Based Coordination Polymers Containing and Lacking Aurophilic Interactions (2016)

Abstract New members of the Ln[Au(CN) 2 ] 3 · 3H 2 O and [ n Bu 4 N] 2 [Ln(NO 3 ) 4 Au(CN) 2 ] series Ln = Ce (CeAu 3 and CeAu respectively) are reported herein where their synthesis, structure and photoluminescence properties are discussed. The first is a 3‐D coordination polymer with aurophilic interactions of 3.35 Å and the latter is a 1‐D coordination polymer that lacks them. At 293 K both CeAu 3 and CeAu display characteristic Ce III ‐based emission at λ max = 393 nm (5d→ 2 F J ), however in CeAu 3 Au I ‐based emission ( λ max = 410, 1 MLCT) dominates the spectrum. At 77 K however, the dominant emission is Au I ‐based with characteristic emissions of λ max = 430 nm ( 1 MLCT) and 490 nm ( 3 MLCT). The key difference in the luminescence of these two materials can be rationalized in terms of their respective structures, through either the aurophilic network and lack thereof and/or the rigidity offered in the 3‐D structure of CeAu 3 .
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Chalcones from the Aerial Parts of Angelica keiskei (2016)

Abstract isolation and structure elucidation of three new chalcones (I), (II), and (III)
Quasi-Convexity and Optimal Binary Fusion for Distributed Detection with Identical Sensors in Generalized (2001)

In this correspondence, we present a technique to find the optimal threshold for the binary hypothesis detection problem with identical and independent sensors. The sensors all use an identical and single threshold to make local decisions, and the fusion center makes a global decision based on the local binary decisions. For generalized Gaussian noises and some non-Gaussian noise distributions, we show that for any admissible fusion rule, the probability of error is a quasi-convex function of threshold . Hence, the problem decomposes into a series of quasi-convex optimization problems that may be solved using well-known techniques. Assuming equal a priori probability, we give a sufficient condition of the non-Gaussian noise distribution for the probability of error to be quasi-convex. Furthermore, this technique is extended to Bayes risk and Neyman-Pearson criteria. We also demonstrate that, in practice, it takes fewer than twice as many binary sensors to give the performance of infinite precision sensors in our scenario.
Overlapping coverage and channel rearrangement in microcellular communication systems (2002)

Overlapping coverage areas of nearby base stations arise naturally in cellular communication systems, especially in small-cell high-capacity microcellular configurations. With overlap, some users may have access to channels at more than one base station. This enhanced access can be used to improve teletraffic performance characteristics. We consider this issue for cellular systems in which hand-off is important. Channel rearrangements are used to benefit users who are in range of only one base station. An analytical model is developed to determine blocking probability, forced termination probability, hand-off activity and carried traffic for systems with overlapping coverage and channel rearrangement. Example performance characteristics are displayed. These quantify the potential improvement provided by these schemes in comparison with the fixed channel assignment.
Solubility Products of VS and NbS in Iron Alloys (2009)

Solubility of sulfur in Fe–V and Fe–Nb alloys was experimentally determined using a diffusion couple technique. Solubility product of VS and NbS in ferrite (α) and austenite (γ) phases were determined as log(mass%V)(mass%S)α=4.76−10100/T, log(mass%V)(mass%S)γ=4.90−11000/T and log(mass%Nb)(mass%S)γ=4.70−10500/T in the temperature range from 1523 to 1573 K. A thermodynamic analysis was also carried out to evaluate the formation energy of VS and NbS. The estimated formation energy of VS and NbS are ΔGVSsulfide=−263100+61.0T (J/mol) and ΔGNbSsulfide=−260800+68.4T (J/mol), respectively.
Intractable Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo in Patients With Meniere's Disease (2000)

Our data, in conjunction with that of others, suggest that Meniere's disease may predispose patients to intractable BPPV. Hydropically induced damage to the maculae of the utricle and saccule or partial obstruction of the membranous labyrinth may be possible mechanisms that explain the coexistence of Meniere's disease and BPPV.
Type-III intermittency of a laser (1991)

We observe transitions to chaos by type-III intermittency of a laser. A family of transitions is found in which the onset of intermittency is preceded by subharmonic period-N states. The laser used is an optically pumped far-infrared ring laser.
Non–Amontons-Coulomb local friction law of randomly rough contact interfaces with rubber (2013)

International audience
Structure of the Y94F mutant of<i>Escherichia coli</i>thymidylate synthase (2006)

Tyr94 of Escherichia coli thymidylate synthase is thought to be involved, either directly or by activation of a water molecule, in the abstraction of a proton from C5 of the 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (dUMP) substrate. Mutation of Tyr94 leads to a 400-fold loss in catalytic activity. The structure of the Y94F mutant has been determined in the native state and as a ternary complex with thymidine 5'-monophosphate (dTMP) and 10-propargyl 5,8-dideazafolate (PDDF). There are no structural changes ascribable to the mutation other than loss of a water molecule hydrogen bonded to the tyrosine OH, which is consistent with a catalytic role for the phenolic OH.
Correlation-based Data Representation (2007)

The Dagstuhl Seminar 'Similarity-based Clustering and its Application to Medicine and Biology' (07131) held in March 25--30, 2007, provided an excellent atmosphere for in-depth discussions about the research frontier of computational methods for relevant applications of biomedical clustering and beyond. We address some highlighted issues about correlation-based data analysis in this seminar postribution. First, some prominent correlation measures are briefly revisited. Then, a focus is put on Pearson correlation, because of its widespread use in biomedical sciences and because of its analytic accessibility. A connection to Euclidean distance of z-score transformed data outlined. Cost function optimization of correlation-based data representation is discussed for which, finally, applications to visualization and clustering of gene expression data are given.
Insights from the inside: a view of botnet management from infiltration (2010)

Recent work has leveraged botnet infiltration techniques to track the activities of bots over time, particularly with regard to spam campaigns. Building on our previous success in reverseengineering C&amp;C protocols, we have conducted a 4-month infiltration of the MegaD botnet, beginning in October 2009. Our infiltration provides us with constant feeds on MegaD’s complex and evolving C&amp;C architecture as well as its spam operations, and provides an opportunity to analyze the botmasters’ operations. In particular, we collect significant evidence on the MegaD infrastructure being managed by multiple botmasters. Further, FireEye’s attempt to shutdown MegaD on Nov. 6, 2009, which occurred during our infiltration, allows us to gain an inside view on the takedown and how MegaD not only survived it but bounced back with significantly greater vigor. In addition, we present new techniques for mining information about botnet C&amp;C architecture: “Google hacking ” to dig out MegaD C&amp;C servers and “milking ” C&amp;C servers to extract not only the spectrum of commands sent to bots but the C&amp;C’s overall structure. The resulting overall picture then gives us insight into MegaD’s management structure, its complex and evolving C&amp;C architecture, and its ability to withstand takedown. 1
Development of a cell-analysis and sorting system applicable to tumor cell characterization and kinetic studies. Progress report, April 17--October 16, 1976 (1976)

Progress is reported on the development of equipment and techniques for the flow-systems analysis and characterization of protein contents and proliferating kinetics in tumor cells and the staining of cellular DNA.
Activity of lipase in water-in-oil microemulsions (1985)

The lipase-catalysed hydrolysis rates of several nitrophenyl alkanoate esters of varying alkyl chain length (C4–C16) have been measured both in aqueous solution and in water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions (which are known to contain discrete droplets). Lipase retains its activity in w/o microemulsions of water, heptane and sodium bis-2-ethylhexyl sulphosuccinate (AOT); the observed rates are consistent with the intrinsic activity of the enzyme (i.e. kcat/Km) being the same as in water. However, the observed conversion rates for C4 and C6 substrates are slower in the microemulsion system because of substrate partitioning to the oil-continuous phase, which results in a reduced concentration in the aqueous pseudophase. This conclusion is reached by comparing lipase and non-enzymic-(i.e. buffer) catalysed rates in both solution media. Again for the C4 and C6 substrate, partition coefficients for the substrates in the limit of high molar ratio of H2O:AOT, as determined from the kinetic results, show good agreement with measured values in heptane + water mixtures. This suggests that lipase functions effectively in the water pseudophase of the microemulsion. Lipase in the microemulsion can also catalyse the hydrolysis of longer chain alkanoates (up to C16). It can be inferred from the kinetics that such substrates partition to the interface where the lipase must also be active. In the case of AOT microemulsions, the pH profile of enzyme activity is not significantly altered compared with bulk water. The lipase retains > 60% activity in the microemulsion after incubation at 35 °C for 6 days. In w/o microemulsions of water, heptane, chloroform and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), the observed hydrolysis rates are significantly reduced and the intrinsic activity is reduced by a factor of twenty as compared with the AOT system. This is thought to be caused by inhibitory binding of CTAB to the protein.
Glucose as Regulator of Glucose Transport Activity and Glucose-Transporter mRNA in Hamster β-Cell Line (1992)

To investigate the role of glucose in regulating glucose transporters in pancreatic beta-cells, we studied the hamster clonal beta-cell line HIT-T15, which retains responsiveness to glucose. Northern blot analysis demonstrates that GLUT2 and GLUT1 mRNA are abundant in HIT cells. After a 24-h culture with various concentrations of glucose (0-22.2 mM [0-400 mg/dl]), the GLUT2 mRNA level in HIT cells increased by 40% at 22.2 mM (400 mg/dl) glucose compared with 11.1 mM (200 mg/dl) without a change in mRNA stability. It also decreased proportionally to the reduction of glucose concentration. Glucose deprivation resulted in a decrease of GLUT2 mRNA to an almost undetectable level, with a marked increase in the degradation rate of mRNA. In contrast, the GLUT1 mRNA was not affected by glucose. We show that glucose uptake is highest in HIT cells incubated at 2.8-5.5 mM (50-99 mg/dl) glucose for 24 h, and that levels in cells cultured at 0 mM (0 mg/dl) and 22.2 mM (400 mg/dl) glucose decrease to approximately 20% of the maximum level. This decrease is consistent with the effects of glucose on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in HIT cells. Our results indicate that glucose is involved in regulating GLUT2 mRNA and glucose uptake activity and that the glucose responsiveness of the insulin secretion correlates with the glucose-induced change in glucose uptake activity in HIT cells.
Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Postmortem Fetal Heart (1996)

Five postmortem fetuses were scanned by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Of eight three-dimensional (3D) data sets reconstructed on an MGI workstation, five sets demonstrated detailed 3D fetal cardiac structures, and one depicted clear information regarding the disposition and compression of the heart and lungs in diaphragmatic hernia. This study has shown the potential of 3D MR imaging in support of postmortem examination and for interactive visual teaching of the fetal cardiac structures. The new technique may eventually be of significance in prenatal detection of cardiac abnormalities with the development of fast real-time MR imaging.
Synthesis of <i>Group B Streptococcus</i> type III polysaccharide fragments for evaluation of their interactions with monoclonal antibodies (2016)

Abstract Group B Streptococcus type III (GBSIII) is the most relevant serotype among GBS strains causing infections and the potential of its capsular polysaccharide conjugated to a protein carrier as vaccine is well documented. Polysaccharide from GBSIII (PSIII) can form helical structures in solution where negatively charged sialic acid residues would be disposed externally providing stabilization to the helix. A peculiar high affinity to specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has been reported for PSIII, and fragments of diverse size bind to mAbs in a length dependent manner. These data have been rationalized in terms of conformational epitopes that would be formed by fragments with >4 saccharidic repeating units. Saturation Transfer Difference NMR experiments have demonstrated that the sialic acid residue is not involved in antibody recognition. However the molecular basis of the interaction between PSIII and mAbs has not been fully elucidated. An important prerequisite to achieve this would be the availability of the three possible sugar sequences representing the pentasaccharide PSIII repeating unit. Herein we established a [2+3] convergent approach leading to these three pentasaccharides ( 1–3 ) with the end terminal sugar bearing a linker for possible conjugation. The PSIII fragments were coupled to the genetically detoxified diphtheria toxin CRM 197 to prove by ELISA that the three pentasaccharides are recognized by polyclonal anti-PSIII serum. The presence of the branching formed by a Glc residue β-(1→6) linked to GlcNAc was proven an important motif for antibody recognition.
Potentiating effect of heparin in the activation of procollagenase by a low‐<i>M</i><sub>r</sub> angiogenesis factor (1983)

A low-Mr freely dialysable endothelial cell-stimulating angiogenesis factor (ESAF) from conditioned medium of a mouse lymphoma cell line has previously been shown to activate latent skin fibroblast procollagenase. Activation comparable with the maximum that can be achieved with trypsin is obtained with chemically undetectable amounts of the factor. We now show that when even smaller amounts of ESAF are used heparin is able to potentiate its action in this system. The relationship between this activity and the mechanism of angiogenesis, which is itself potentiated by heparin, is discussed.
Effect of amphetamine on the pressor response to tyramine: Formation of p‐hydroxynorephedrine from amphetamine in man (1970)

The effect of amphetamine on the pressor sensitivity to the indirectly acting amine, tyramine, and to norepinephrine was determined in 6 male patients. Acute intravenous administration of amphetamine increased the sensitivity to both tyramine and norepinephrine to 200 to 300 per cent of control. In contrast, long‐term administration reduced the sensitivity to tyramine to 60 to 70 per cent of control, while the sensitivity to norepinephrine was still enhanced. A likely explanation for the diminished response to the indirectly acting amine is depletion of norepinephrine. In this study it was demonstrated that human sub;ects metabolize 8H‐amphetamine to p‐hydroxynorephedrine, an amine known to displace norepinephrine from the neuron terminal.
Effective fiber pigtailing procedure of a QD-SOA (2008)

The integration of laser-support fiber adjustment is presented as an alternative effective pigtailing method for traditional trial and error efforts using laser hammering or mechanical bending approaches. The mechanical micro module, which allows for a well-controlled accurate step-by-step alignment sequence of the fiber, together with the fiber pigtail procedure of a quantum dot semi-conductor optical amplifier are described. During the assembly process, post-weld-shifts and post-release-shifts to the order of 5 – 10 μm are compensated in the final re-alignment procedure with submicrometer accuracy resulting in an optimal optical power coupling between the singlemode fibers and the amplifier. We measured stable coupling connections by driving a current of 1 A trough the device at a chip temperature of 10 C.
Run to the Hills! Ubiquitous Computing Meltdown (2007)

We have seen the future of ubiquitous computing, and it's gloomy. While the various technologies keep advancing at a breakneck pace, and half of human race are already carrying computing systems with them, the goal of transparently integrating all those devices and networks to usable ubiquitous systems seems to be receding further away every day. We are seeing around us major shortcomings in terms of usability, interoperability, and security, and expect that the situation in integrated systems will only get worse. The next decade will bring wonderful advances in individual devices, services and technologies, but the overall picture is not as rosy. In this chapter, we discuss the drivers of this undesirable development, while also observing some signs of more positive trends.
Computer-assisted bladder cancer grading: α-shapes for color space decomposition (2016)

According to American Cancer Society, around 74,000 new cases of bladder cancer are expected during 2015 in the US. To facilitate the bladder cancer diagnosis, we present an automatic method to differentiate carcinoma in situ (CIS) from normal/reactive cases that will work on hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stained images of bladder. The method automatically determines the color deconvolution matrix by utilizing the α-shapes of the color distribution in the RGB color space. Then, variations in the boundary of transitional epithelium are quantified, and sizes of nuclei in the transitional epithelium are measured. We also approximate the “nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio” by computing the ratio of the average shortest distance between transitional epithelium and nuclei to average nuclei size. Nuclei homogeneity is measured by computing the kurtosis of the nuclei size histogram. The results show that 30 out of 34 (88.2%) images were correctly classified by the proposed method, indicating that these novel features are viable markers to differentiate CIS from normal/reactive bladder.
Catalytic hydroxylation of benzene and toluene by an iron complex bearing a chelating di-pyridyl-di-NHC ligand (2014)

This work reports on iron-catalysed hydroxylation of benzene and toluene using aqueous H2O2. While benzene is hydroxylated with a high selectivity to phenol, toluene is hydroxylated to cresols with a high selectivity for the ortho and para-position. An inverse KIE indicates the presence of a high valent Fe=O species during catalysis.