gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Efficiency Solid State Neutron Telescope for 15–35 MeV Neutrons (1966)

High detection efficiency for a neutron telescope spectrometer is achieved without the usual sacrifice in energy resolution by replacing the standard radiator by a series of radiators, each of which is backed by a silicon transmission detector. By adding the pulses from the transmission detectors, with appropriate gains, to the pulse from the final thick detector, in which the proton recoil stops, a signal is produced which is proportional to the energy of the proton recoil, with an energy uncertainty of one-half the energy lost by the proton in a single radiator. Thus the energy resolution is determined, for small recoil angles, by the thickness of a single radiator, whereas the detection efficiency is determined by the sum of the radiator thicknesses. Details of operation, efficiency calculation, data analysis, and several spectra demonstrating the performance are discussed. Possible extensions and improvements of the system are considered.
Characterization and quantification of ceramides in the nonlesional skin of canine patients with atopic dermatitis compared with controls (2009)

As in humans, there is mounting evidence in support of an abnormal skin barrier contributing to the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis (AD). Studies in people with AD have associated an abnormal skin barrier with deficiencies in ceramides, which represent important components of the stratum corneum (SC) intercellular lipid lamellae. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine if the SC of dogs with AD is deficient in ceramides compared to normal dogs. Samples of SC were obtained from nonlesional skin of the caudal abdomen of 14 patients with AD and 14 age-, breed- and sex-matched healthy controls using a cyanoacrylate stripping procedure, and the subclass and relative amount of ceramides were assessed blindly by thin layer chromatography. Paired t-tests using R statistical computer software revealed the percentage amounts of ceramides 1 and 9 were significantly lower in nonlesional skin of AD dogs compared to controls (P= 0.034 and P= 0.047, respectively), and the cholesterol percentage amount was significantly higher in AD dogs than in controls (P= 0.016). Furthermore, the cholesterol/ceramide ratio was significantly higher in the AD group with respect to controls (P= 0.014). These findings suggest that decreased amounts of ceramides in the skin of dogs with AD may be involved in the impaired barrier function of their skin.
<title>Atmospheric, Space And Underwater Optical Communications For Naval Applications</title> (1978)

Optical communication in the atmosphere, space, the marine boundary layer, and underwater are being investigated for a variety of applications. Three classes of optical communications systems will be addressed: OCULT (Optical Communications Using Laser Transceivers), ELOS (Extended Line-of-Sight) optical communications, and satellite to subsurface optical communications. OCULT is a 10.5Âµ high rate reciprocal tracking heterodyne laser communications system designed for nearly all-weather duplex video bandwidth communications to horizon limited ranges. Of special interest are effects of coherent propagation through fogs and turbulence. The ELOS system is a 1.06μ optical aeorsol scatter communications system for ranges of 30 to 300 miles. Scattering measurement at 40 to 80 miles through the marine boundary layer will be presented. The satellite to subsurface communication efforts deal with blue/green transmission from a satellite, through the atmosphere (including clouds) to a submerged receiver, exploiting the blue/green "window" in ocean water. The multiple forward scattered and diffusion transport of semi-plane waves through clouds and ocean waters will be discussed.
Database Marketing Increases Prospecting Effectiveness at Merrill Lynch (1994)

Establishing new client relationships is critical in the financial services industry. Merrill Lynch uses database marketing to enhance its prospecting efforts. The management science group developed a discriminant model to identify high quality prospects using US household demographic data. We used high quality clients, known as priority households, as the target group and field tested the resulting priority model along with three alternative models. I evaluated the performance of all the models after six months, using the performance of Merrill Lynch's existing prospecting program as a baseline. The priority model significantly outperformed the baseline, with 167 percent higher assets, 39 percent higher revenues, and a 43 percent higher conversion rate. This success led Merrill Lynch to adopt the priority model in its ongoing prospecting efforts. Annual benefits are estimated at $3.5 to $6 billion in incremental client assets and $200,000 to $450,000 in incremental revenues.
Race to license new MTBE and TAME routes heats up (1993)

With refineries and petrochemical manufacturers continuing to gear up production of oxygenates for use in reformulated fuels, new routes to methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) are clearly hot items in the licensing market. And probably nowhere has the competition become as intense as in offerings for skeletal isomerization technologies to boost ethers production from fluid catalytic cracking and steam cracking.
To layer or not to layer: balancing transport and physical layers in wireless multihop networks (2004)

In a wireless ad hoc network with multihop transmissions and interference-limited link rates, can we balance power control in the physical layer and congestion control in the transport layer to enhance the overall network performance, while maintaining the stability, robustness, and architectural modularity of the network? We present a distributive power control algorithm that couples with the original TCP protocols to increase the end-to-end throughput and energy efficiency of the network. Under the rigorous framework of nonlinearly constrained optimization, we prove the convergence of this coupled system to the global optimum of joint power control and congestion control, for both synchronized and asynchronous implementations. The rate of convergence is geometric and a desirable modularity between the transport and physical layers is maintained. In particular, when the congestion control mechanism is TCP Vegas, that a simple utilization in the physical layer of the router buffer occupancy information suffices to achieve the joint optimum of this cross layer design. Both analytic results and simulations illustrate other desirable properties of the proposed algorithm, including robustness to channel outage and to path loss estimation errors, and flexibility in trading-off performance optimality for implementation simplicity.
The interaction between a development group in a technology intensive firm and a customer organization (2002)

The authors provide a framework for conceptualizing the interaction between a development group in a technology-intensive firm and a customer organization. Once the objective of the link has been established, the framework can be used to identify the tasks which must be planned for to increase the likelihood of the success of the link from the development group's viewpoint. The focal point of the framework is the structure of the collectivity charged with the interaction. The authors conceptualize a multilayered interpretation of this structure and then use it to examine eight interactions which differ in terms of end-objectives. A set of inferences regarding the structure of collectivities charged with benchmarking, technology trials, information monitoring, joint planning, business account development, quality conformance, standards coalition, and transfer of technology is generated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Randomized, double blind placebo-controlled trial: effects of myo-inositol on ovarian function and metabolic factors in women with PCOS. (2008)

Oligomenorrhea and polycystic ovaries in women are one of the most important causes of the high incidence of ovulation failure. This is linked, perhaps, to insulin resistance and related metabolic features. A small number of reports show that myo-inositol improves ovarian function, but in these trials the quality of evidence supporting ovulation is suboptimal. Furthermore, few of them have been placebo-controlled. The aim of our study was to use a double-blind, placebo-controlled approach with detailed assessment of ovarian activity (two blood samples per week) to assess the validity of this therapeutic approach in this group of women. Of the 92 patients randomized, 47 received 400 mcg folic acid as placebo, and 45 received myo-inositol plus folic acid (4 g myo-inositol plus 400 mcg folic acid). The ovulation frequency assessed by the ratio of luteal phase weeks to observa-tion weeks was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the treated group (25%) compared with the placebo (15%), and the time to first ovulation was significantly (P < 0.05) shorter [24.5 d; 95% confidence interval (CI), 18, 31; compared with 40.5 d; 95% CI, 27, 54]. The number of patients failing to ovulate during the placebo-treatment period was higher (P < 0.05) in the placebo group, and the majority of ovulations were characterized by normal progesterone concentrations in both groups. The effect of myo-inositol on follicular maturation was rapid, because the E2 circulating concentration increased over the first week of treatment only in the myo-inositol group. A significant increase in circulating high-density lipoprotein was observed only in the myo-inositol-treated group. Metabolic risk factor benefits of myo-inositol treatment were not observed in the morbidly obese subgroup of patients (body mass index > 37). After 14-wk myo-inositol or placebo therapy, no change in fasting glucose concentrations, fasting insulin, or insulin responses to glucose challenge was recorded. There was an inverse relationship between body mass and treatment efficacy. In fact a significant weight loss (and leptin reduction) (P < 0.01) was recorded in the myo-inositol group, whereas the placebo group actually increased weight (P < 0.05). These data support a beneficial effect of myo-inositol in women with oligomenorrhea and polycystic ovaries in improving ovarian function.
What about the Future? The Troubled Relationship between Futures and Feminism (2014)

This position paper argues that issues related to the future are worth emphasizing and discussing with more feminist fervour and engagement than is now the case within feminist studies and futures studies. It is concluded that feminists cannot just be critical from an outside perspective, but must engage in creating alternative futures. These futures should not be common goals around which to unite, but a way to inspire feminist thinking about different futures. The authors point out the problem that the futures studies field lacks feminist perspectives, and in this position paper they discuss the gap between futures studies and feminism.
The Utility and Limitation of Napsin a Study in Distinguishing Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma and Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma (2005)

In the aspect of clinical approach, it is difficult to demonstrate the primary origin of cancer residing in lung tissue, especially for adenocarcinoma. This study was aimed to evaluate the potentiality of napsin A as a new specific marker for primary lung adenocarcinoma. We collected 115 cases originated from lung (squamous cell carcinoma: 30 cases; adenocarcinoma: 85 cases) to perform immunohistochemical study and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) method. In addition, adenocarcinoma originated from colon, stomach, breast, ovary and uterine cervix were selected randomly for immunohistochemical study of napsin A. Significant expression of napsin A was detected by RT-PCR and in seventy-two out of eighty-five adenocarcinoma of lung by immunohistochemical stain. In contrast, negative expression was observed in squamous cell carcinoma. In other organ system, negative or low expression of napsin A is seen. Based on these results, it was concluded that napsin A was a useful marker in distinguishing primary lung adenocarcinoma from metastatic lung adenocarcinoma.
Concussion in sports. Guidelines for the prevention of catastrophic outcome (1991)

Concussion (defined as a traumatically induced alteration in mental status, not necessarily with loss of consciousness) is a common form of sports-related injury too often dismissed as trivial by physicians, athletic trainers, coaches, sports reporters, and athletes themselves. While head injuries can occur in virtually any form of athletic activity, they occur most frequently in contact sports, such as football, boxing, and martial arts competition, or from high-velocity collisions or falls in basketball, soccer, and ice hockey. The pathophysiology of concussion is less well understood than that of severe head injury, and it has received less attention as a result. We describe a high school football player who died of diffuse brain swelling after repeated concussions without loss of consciousness. Guidelines have been developed to reduce the risk of such serious catastrophic outcomes after concussion in sports.
Design of a Repairable Redundant Computer (1962)

The design of a repairable redundant computer is discussed using the Von Neumann multiplexing scheme. The general considerations, as well as the reasons for selecting this type of redundancy, are given. A reliability model of the redundant equipment is presented with resulting curves for estimating the reliability improvement and the additional cost of the redundant equipment. The mean time between failures of a typical redundant computer is shown to be several orders of magnitude greater than that of the nonredundant version of the same computer.
Involvement of Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>‐ATPase inhibition in K562 cell differentiation induced by bufalin (1994)

Human leukemia K562 cell differentiation induction by naturally occurring bufadienolides purified from the Chinese drug Senso and synthetic bufalin derivatives was examined by a nitro blue tetrazolium reduction assay. Bufalin showed the strongest activity among all the bufadienolides tested in this study. The degree of the induction of nitro blue diformazan positive cells by the bufadienolides correlated well with their inhibitory activities against Na+,K(+)-ATPase prepared from K562 cells in vitro. N+,K(+)-ATPases from a variant K562 clone (ouabain resistant, OuaR) and murine leukemia cell line M1-T22, which were insensitive to the bufadienolides in terms of growth inhibition and cell differentiation, appeared to be refractory to bufalin in vitro. A binding study of 3H-bufalin and 3H-ouabain revealed that saturated levels of both ligands associated with K562 cells were virtually similar; however, affinity of 3H-bufalin was considerably higher than 3H-ouabain. The saturated level of 3H-bufalin observed in the OuaR cells was approximately half of that observed in K562 cells without a change in its affinity. Association of 3H-bufalin with K562 cells was completely blocked by pretreatment of the cells with cold ouabain at concentrations saturating the binding sites. These results suggest that bufalin acts on the cells by binding to sites on the cell membrane which also bind ouabain. It is thus proposed that N+,K(+)-ATPase inhibition is closely related to the initiation process in the induction of K562 cell differentiation induced by bufalin.
Crying Wolf?: Employers, Awards and Pay Equity in the New South Wales Children's Services Industry (2006)

Academic and other research has consistently shown that the work of child care workers has historically been undervalued due to its feminised nature, its charitable origins and a low rate of unionisation. However employer submissions to wage fixing tribunals have both challenged a higher valuation of the work and emphasised the detrimental impact on child care usage if wage rates were to increase. These submissions have persisted and had purchase in tribunal proceedings despite the growing demand for child care places, and the profitability of an increasingly privatised children's services industry. A recent decision of the NSW tribunal has departed from this two decade old script by using the recently determined Equal Remuneration Principle to determine that the work of long day care child care employees had been undervalued. The NSW tribunal's use of the principle and its rejection of the employers' unsubstantiated submissions clearly showed the limits of employers 'crying wolf'. However the long term value of the state's equal remuneration principle is questioned given that the federal government's Work Choices legislation renders such principles largely inoperable.
Validity of western immunoblot band patterns in the serodiagnosis of Lyme borreliosis (1991)

Serodiagnosis of Lyme disease is hampered by low specificity of the standard assays currently used. The Western immunoblot has therefore been proposed as a potential confirmatory test. For the present report, the method was evaluated by testing sera from patients with clinically defined early- and late-stage borreliosis. In early-stage borreliosis, the 41,000-molecular-weight flagellin protein (41K) of Borrelia burgdorferi was the major antigen detected by antibodies in sera, but the specificity of the reaction pattern was dependent on the intensity of the band. The evaluation of different interpretation rules based on a semiquantitative record of band intensities showed the highest specificity (96%) and a corresponding sensitivity of 78% if there was at least one distinct (optical density range, 0.2 to 0.4) immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M reaction with the 41K band. Blots of B. burgdorferi proteins were also probed with sera from patients who were diagnosed by clinical criteria as having stage III Lyme borreliosis and with a control group of sera from asymptomatic persons with positive antibody titers against B. burgdorferi in the standard assays. Reaction patterns were recorded densitometrically. Statistical analysis and graphical marker analysis revealed significant discriminating capacities and relatively high specificities, respectively, for the 94K, 30K, and 21K bands, whereas the 41K and 60K bands were not discriminative between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups and were specific only at high intensity values. Different multiple-band rules were evaluated, revealing a low specificity for positivity definitions of the type "four or five bands present" if the rules were not confined to known major bands.
Faster Photon Map Global Illumination (1999)

Abstract The photon map method is an extension of ray tracing that makes it able to efficiently compute caustics and soft indirect illumination on surfaces and in participating media. This paper describes a method to further speed up the computation of soft indirect illumination (diffuse-diffuse light transport such as color bleeding) on surfaces. The speed-up is based on the observation that the many look-ups in the global photon map during final gathering can be simplified by precomputing local irradiance values at the photon positions. Our tests indicate that the calculation of soft indirect illumination during rendering, which is the most time-consuming part, can be sped up by a factor of 5-7 in typical scenes at the expense of 1) a precomputation that takes about 20/0-5% of the time saved during rendering and 2) a 28 %increase of memory use.
Eye Gaze Tracking (2009)

The problem of eye gaze tracking has been researched and developed for a long time. Most of them use intrusive techniques to estimate the gaze of a person. This paper presents a non-intrusive approach for eye gaze tracker in real time with a simple camera. To track the eye gaze we have to deal with three principle problems: detecting the eye, tracking the eye and detecting the gaze of the eye on the screen where a user is looking at. In this paper we introduce the methods existed to solve these problems in the simple way and achieving high detection rate.
A processor chip set on a 60K master image chip (1987)

The implementation of two processor chips using a master image design methodology, implemented in a 1μm CMOS process will be reported. Containing 800K transistors the chips produce a typical delay of 0.8ns. In a 12.7×12.7mm array the average density is 0.65 square mils / transistor.
A sample-based cache mapping scheme (2005)

Applications running on the StrongARM SA-1110 or XScale processor cores can specify cache mapping for each virtual page to achieve better cache utilization. In this work, we describe a method to efficiently perform cache mapping. Under this scheme, we select a number of loops for sampling. These loops are selected automatically based on clock profiling information. We formulate the optimal cache mapping problem as an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problem. Experiments performed on 14 test programs show speedups in 13 of them (over the default mapping) after applying our sample-based cache mapping scheme. The geometric mean of program speedups for all the 14 test programs is 1.098. Furthermore, compared with a previous heuristic method which uses the full memory trace, the sample-based method performs cache mapping faster by an order of magnitude without sacrificing the quality of mapping.
Production and Cost Functions: An Econometric Survey (1963)

Статья представляет собой несложный обзор различных подходов к построению производственных функций и обсуждение связанных с этим проблем (агрегирование и т. п.). Функции затрат рассматриваются как заменитель производственной функции, так как первые намного легче оценить на практике. Во второй части статьи автор рассматривает все наиболее значимые попытки статистического исследования произвосдтвенных функций и функций затрат.
Monolithic CMOS distributed amplifier and oscillator (2003)

CMOS implementations for RF applications often employ technology modifications to reduce the silicon substrate loss at high frequencies. The most common techniques include the use of a high-resistivity substrate (/spl rho/>10 /spl Omega/-cm) or silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate and precise bondwire inductors. However, these techniques are incompatible with low-cost CMOS manufacture. This design demonstrates use of CMOS with a conventional low-resistivity epi-substrate and on-chip inductors for applications above 10 GHz.
물리과 CAI에서 학습자 특성과 인지적 노력수준간의 상호작용 효과 (2001)

The purpose of this study was to examine interaction effects of learner`s characteristics and cognitive effort level on students` achievement gain. For the study, a physics CAI was delivered to 206 (96 boys and 110 girls) eleventh graders. The CAI program was 56 frames, black and white, and learner control type simulation program. It took approximately 30 minutes. The independent variables were gender, cognitive style, science interest level, and cognitive effort level. The dependent variable was students` achievement gain defined as a difference score between pre- and post-achievement test scores. Pre-achievement test, science interest test, and cognitive style test were administered before the instruction. And after the instruction, post-achievement test and cognitive effort test were administered. Data were analyzed by using two-way ANOVA. There were interaction effects of learner`s characteristics and cognitive effort. For girls, cognitive effort was proportional to achievement gain, while there was no relation between cognitive effort and achievement gain in boys. When cognitive effort level was low, achievement gain of field dependence students was very low, especially for girls. Both at high and low levels of science interest, achievement gain was very low at low cognitive effort level, while achievement gain of middle level of science interest did not show any significant difference.
Understanding concentrated poverty (2007)

The Federal Reserve and the Brookings Institution have been collaborating on national concentrated poverty research. The author studied three Springfield, Massachusetts, neighborhoods with a combined poverty rate of 43 percent.