gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative high-spatial-resolution microchemical analysis of Fe-Co-Ni transformation-toughened steels (1996)

Superior strength-toughness combinations can be obtained in AerMet100 by an austenite→martensite phase transformation of small intralath austenite precipitates. The enhanced toughness in these alloys has been attributed to the presence of “metastable” austenite precipitates, the stability of which is intimately related to the size and composition. The austenite precipitates require high stability to resist transformation under all stress conditions except when in the triaxial stress field of a crack tip. The two primary factors determining austenite stability are size and composition. Thus the microstructure-property correlations and further alloy development require quantitative microchemical analysis of austenite precipitates in the 4-10nm size range. Of the possible analytical techniques, only analytical electron microscopy (AEM) and atom probe-field ion microscopy (AP-FIM) merit consideration by achieving quantitative composition analysis with very high spatial resolution. After exploring both avenues, AEM was chosen as the analytical technique based on its superior speed, counting statistics, and versatility.
Correlation of HLA‐D/Ii antigen expression in breast carcinoma with local lymphohistiocytic infiltration reveals considerable dysregulation in a subset of tumors (1989)

Non-neoplastic mammary glands and 203 carcinomas of the breast were examined immunohistochemically for expression of HLA-DR, -DP, and -DQ molecules and the HLA-D-associated invariant chain (Ii). According to the reaction of normal breast epithelium in the course of chronic inflammation, these antigens were found to be induced in 120 carcinomas. In 106 of these the order was Ii greater than or equal to HLA-DR greater than or equal to HLA-DP greater than or equal to HLA-DQ. The extent of induction of these sequentially expressed antigens correlated with the density of local lymphohistiocytic infiltration (Ii: p = 0.003; HLA-DR: p = 0.0005; HLA-DP: p = 0.0000005; HLA-DQ: p = 0.01). Therefore, Ii/HLA-D antigen expression of carcinoma cells in local association with inflammation was regarded as an adequate reaction. The presence of these antigens in the absence of inflammation was regarded as "inadequate hyper-expression", and was found in 14 cases involving Ii, in 8 involving HLA-DR, and in 1 case each involving -DP and -DQ molecules. In contrast, 20 cases expressed minimal/no Ii despite heavy inflammatory infiltration. This "inadequate hypo-expression" was also found in 25 cases involving HLA-DR, in 30 involving -DP and in 40 involving -DQ determinants. Combining the 2 variants showed that at least 54 cases (26.6%) were characterized as being dysregulated. "Adequate vs. inadequate Ii/HLA-D antigen expression" did not correlate with tumor grading and might therefore be an independent parameter.
Endovascular treatment of near-fatal neonatal superior vena cava syndrome (2010)

Daily head ultrasounds were performed without evidence of intracranial hemorrhage. All thromboses resolved within 3 wks. Her organ function recovered and she was discharged to home. The etiology of her colitis is still unknown. At 9-month follow-up, she was doing well with no residual organ dysfunction.
Aberrant regulation of MyoD1 contributes to the partially defective myogenic phenotype of BC3H1 cells [published erratum appears in J Cell Biol 1990 Jun;110(6):2231] (1990)

Two skeletal muscle-specific regulatory factors, myogenin and MyoD1, share extensive homology within a myc similarity region and have each been shown to activate the morphologic and molecular events associated with myogenesis after transfection into nonmyogenic cells. The BC3H1 muscle cell line expresses myogenin and other muscle-specific genes, but does not express MyoD1 during differentiation. BC3H1 cells also do not upregulate alpha-cardiac actin or fast myosin light chain, nor do they form multinucleate myotubes during differentiation. In this study, we examined the basis for the lack of MyoD1 expression in BC3H1 cells and investigated whether their failure to express MyoD1 is responsible for their defects in differentiation. We report that expression of an exogenous MyoD1 cDNA in BC3H1 cells was sufficient to elevate the expression of alpha-cardiac actin and fast myosin light chain, and to convert these cells to a phenotype that forms multinucleate myotubes during differentiation. Whereas myogenin and MyoD1 positively regulated their own expression in transfected 10T1/2 cells, they could not, either alone or in combination, activate MyoD1 expression in BC3H1 cells. Exposure of BC3H1 cells to 5-azacytidine also failed to activate MyoD1 expression or to rescue the cell's ability to fuse. These results suggest that BC3H1 cells may possess a defect that prevents activation of the MyoD1 gene by MyoD1 or myogenin. That an exogenous MyoD1 gene could rescue those aspects of the differentiation program that are defective in BC3H1 cells also suggests that the actions of MyoD1 and myogenin are not entirely redundant and that MyoD1 may be required for activation of the complete repertoire of events associated with myogenesis.
Safety Assessment of High Speed Marine Transportation from Viewpoint of Threat in Captains Sense (1992)

We have already proposed the procedure for the safety assessment of ship navigation from the viewpoint of potential danger. As it is difficult to deduce the potential danger by considering all factors that are related to ship navigation, then in the present paper, the procedure for the safety assessment of ship navigation from the viewpoint of threat in captains sense is proposed and discussed. Threat in captains sense is not only subjective but also a kind of indices for the safety assessment considering those factors related to the potential danger. To execute safety assessment for high speed marine transportation, we've made maneuvering simulator experiments to get relations between starting points of high speed vessels' collision avoidance maneuver and threat which ordinary speed vessels' captains feel.
Security of Quantum Key Distribution Using<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">d</mml:mi></mml:math>-Level Systems (2002)

We consider two quantum cryptographic schemes relying on encoding the key into qudits, i.e., quantum states in a d-dimensional Hilbert space. The first cryptosystem uses two mutually unbiased bases (thereby extending the BB84 scheme), while the second exploits all d+1 available such bases (extending the six-state protocol for qubits). We derive the information gained by a potential eavesdropper applying a cloning-based individual attack, along with an upper bound on the error rate that ensures unconditional security against coherent attacks.
Dithioamide substitutions in proteins: effects on thermostability, peptide binding, and fluorescence quenching in calmodulin (2018)

Thioamide substitutions in the backbones of proteins can modulate their structure and thermostability, or serve as spectroscopic probes in fluorescence quenching experiments. Using native chemical ligation, we have produced the first examples of a protein (calmodulin) containing two thioamides. Dithioamide variants were made to explore the effects of combining stabilizing, neutral, and destabilizing single thioamide substitutions. One of the dithioamide calmodulin variants exhibited stabilization greater than any monothioamide variant, although the effect could not easily be anticipated from the results of single substitutions. Each of the calmodulin variants retained the ability to bind a target peptide, and the dithioamide proteins exhibited an increase in fluorescence quenching of tryptophan relative to their single thioamide counterparts. These results show that multiply thioamidated proteins can be synthesized, and that properly placed thioamides can be used to increase protein thermostability or enhance fluorecsence quenching in peptide binding experiments.
ChemInform Abstract: Methanol Synthesis. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Two-stage liquefaction catalyst evaluation. Final report. [Shell 324M, Amocat IC and Shell S-317] (1986)

The objective of this program was to evaluate selected catalysts in comparison with Shell 324M catalyst for effectiveness in the hydrotreater at EPRI's Wilsonville coal liquefaction pilot plant. HRI's standard CASTAL test, used to evaluate catalysts for ebullated-bed hydroprocessing of residual petroleum oils, was modified for use with a feedstock made by blending first-stage heavy distillate and deashed first-stage residuum samples obtained from Wilsonville. The modified test was used to compare Shell 324M, which has a unimodal pore size distribution, with Amocat 1C and Shell S-317. The latter two catalysts have bimodal pore size distributions with substantial macropore (diameter >500A) volume. The catalysts differed substantially in their effectiveness for removal of titanium and calcium, in the order Shell S-317 > Amocat 1C > Shell 324M. These differences in demetallization activity could be correlated with the pore size distribution. Run products were also tested for nitrogen contents of the 650 to 850/sup 0/F distillate fraction and for conversion of Ramsbottom Carbon Residue (RCR) and pentane- and toluene-insoluble materials in the 850/sup 0/F/sup +/ residua. Selected whole product samples were tested for donor solvent quality in microautoclave tests with Illinois No. 6 coal. The differences among the catalysts with respect to all more » of these functions were small compared to the differences in demetallization activity. Overall, differences in performance among the three catalysts were too small to indicate clear superiority of one catalyst over the others. 11 figs., 11 tabs. « less
Very high quantum efficiency in type-II InAs∕GaSb superlattice photodiode with cutoff of 12μm (2007)

The authors report the dependence of the quantum efficiency on device thickness of type-II InAs∕GaSb superlattice photodetectors with a cutoff wavelength around 12μm. The quantum efficiency and responsivity show a clear delineation in comparison to the device thickness. An external single-pass quantum efficiency of 54% is obtained for a 12μm cutoff wavelength photodiodes with a π-region thickness of 6.0μm. The R0A value is kept stable for the range of structure thicknesses allowing for a specific detectivity (2.2×1011cmHz∕W).
Creation of Murine Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms with Elastase (2009)

Transient intraluminal infusion of porcine pancreatic elastase into the infrarenal segment of the abdominal aorta is the most widely used animal model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) ever since it was first described in rats by Anidjar and colleagues.(1) The rationale for its development was based on the disrupted nature of elastin observed in AAAs. This rat model has been modified to produce AAAs in the infrarenal aortic region of mice.(2) The model has the ability to add broad insight into the pathobiology of AAA due to the emergence of numerous transgenic and gene knockout mice. Moreover, it is a viable platform to test potential therapeutic agents for AAA. In this video, we demonstrate the elastase infusion AAA procedure used in our laboratory. Mice are anesthetized using 2.5% isoflurane, and a laparotomy is performed under sterile conditions. The abdominal aortais isolated with the assistance of an operating stereomicroscope (Leica). After placing temporary ligatures around the proximal and distal aorta, an aortotomy is created at the bifurcation with the tip of a 30-gauge needle. A heat-tapered segment of PE-10 polyethylene tubing is introduced through the aortotomy and secured. The aortic lumen is subsequently perfused for 5-15 minutes at 100 mm Hg with saline containing type I porcine pancreatic elastase (4.5 U/mL; Sigma Chemical Co.). After removing the perfusion catheter, the aortotomy is repaired without constriction of the lumen.
Synthesis of submicron TiB/sub 2/ powders (1) (1984)

New methods for the synthesis of submicron TiB/sub 2/ powders have been found and experimentally demonstrated. The reactions 10 TiCl/sub 3/ (g) + 2 BCl/sub 3/ (g) (approx. 1500/sup 0/K or 900/sup 0/K) ..-->.. TiB/sub 2/ (s) + 9 TiCl/sub 4/ (g) and 2.5 Ti (s) + 2 BCl/sub 3/ (g) (>900/sup 0/K) ..-->.. TiB/sub 2/ (s) + 1.5 TiCl/sub 4/ (g), all can give submicron TiB/sub 2/ powders as end product. Some properties of these powders are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylaluminum‐Catalyzed Claisen Expansion Reactions. Scope and Stereochemistry. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Experimental Study on Single Wheel Hub Motor Failures and Their Impact on the Driver-Vehicle Behavior (2015)

An experimental field study investigating the impact of single wheel hub motor failures on the dynamic behavior of a vehicle and the corresponding driver reaction is presented in this work. The experiment is performed at urban speeds on a closed off test track. The single wheel hub motor failure is emulated with an auxiliary brake system in a modified electric vehicle. Driver reaction times are derived from the measured data and discussed in their experimental context. The failure is rated and evaluated objectively based on the dynamic behavior of the vehicle. Findings indicate that driver reactions are more apparent for the accelerator pedal compared to the steering wheel response. The controllability evaluation of the vehicle behavior shows that no critical traffic situation occurs for the tested failure conditions. However, even small deviations of the vehicle can impair traffic safety, specifically for other traffic participants like bicyclist and pedestrians.
Recovery of biodegradable plastics from activated sludge process (2000)

In this research, PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoate) production system by activated sludge was studied. PHA behaves as carbon and energy storage material in bacteria. And PHA is a biodegradable plastic when extracted from bacteria. In this paper, the investigations from 3 aspects were reported; control of PHA composition, PHA production under coexistence of nitrogenous compounds, and influence of enrichment condition on PHA productivity. As results, it was possible to regulate PHA composition by utilizing acetate and propionate as carbon source and by regulating its composition. Nitrogenous compounds did not depress PHA productivities in the case of activated sludge, while nitrogenous compounds usually depress in general. PHA contents of MLSS were achieved up to 57% by using anaerobic-aerobic activated sludge. But microaerophilic-aerobic process could supply stably the activated sludge which accumulated PHA with high efficiency.
Conceptual design of a 24-32 MW radially-cooled insert for a /spl ges/45 T hybrid system (1994)

The FBNML is designing and will fabricate a radially-cooled insert magnet to generate 70% of the field of a system, Hybrid V, to surpass 45 T in a 32 mm bore. The insert is to have an overall diameter and a maximum active coil length of 610 mm. With a background field of 14 T the system should generate 47 T at 24 MW and nearly 49 T at 32 MW. The peak stress is extremely high, calling for conductors such as Be-Cu (UNS C17510) and 24% Ag-Cu with strengths up to 1100 MPa. The peak heat flux density also is high, nearly 12 W/mm/sup 2/. Because the water is coldest and its velocity highest where the heat flux is highest, however, the peak temperature is only 80/spl deg/C. The water flow is /spl ap/200 l/s at 27 atm. The system is to be very user friendly. Access is completely unobstructed at the top. Insert removal leaves the plumbing and electrical connections intact. The massive and expensive outer coils should be long lived, the inner coil easily replaceable. During an inner coil burnout, a sleeve intercepts arcing from the inner coil to the middle one, reducing burnout severity and fault loads. The insert should be a worthy successor to those of the FBNML's world-record holding systems, Hybrids II and III.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Concepts for multi-IFU robotic positioning systems (2012)

Following the successful commissioning of SAMI (Sydney-AAO Multi-object IFU) the AAO has undertaken concept studies leading to a design of a new instrument for the AAT (Hector). It will use an automated robotic system for the deployment of fibre hexabundles to the focal plane. We have analysed several concepts, which could be applied in the design of new instruments or as a retrofit to existing positioning systems. We look at derivatives of Starbugs that could handle a large fibre bundle as well as modifications to pick and place robots like 2dF or OzPoz. One concept uses large magnetic buttons that adhere to a steel field plate with substantial force. To move them we replace the gripper with a pneumatic device, which engages with the button and injects it with compressed air, thus forming a magnet preloaded air bearing allowing virtually friction-less repositioning of the button by a gantry or an R-Theta robot. New fibre protection, guiding and retraction systems are also described. These developments could open a practical avenue for the upgrade to a number of instruments.
A critical investigation of the effects of the radio frequency potential on the trapping of externally injected ions in ion trap mass spectrometry (1999)

The sensitivity of all ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMS) methods is dependent on the trapping efficiency of the instrument. For ITMS instruments utilizing external ion sources, such as laser desorption, trapping efficiency is known to depend on the phase and amplitude of the radio frequency (RF) potential applied to the ring electrode at the time of ion introduction. It is remarkable that, in a considerable body of literature, no consensus exists regarding the effects of these parameters on the efficacy of trapping externally generated ions. In this paper, a summary of the literature is presented in order to highlight significant discrepancies. New laser desorption ion trap mass spectrometry (LD-ITMS) data are also presented, from which conclusions are drawn in our effort to clarify some of the confusion. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resolution of direction of arrival and number of signal(s) in a highly noisy environment (1998)

The majority of Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) estimation methods studied in the literature work effectively in relatively strong signal power environment [positive dB of Array- Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (ASNR)]. In weak power signal environments, conventional beamformer-based and subspace-based methods fail to estimate the DOA correctly. The MaxMax method allows to maintain accurate estimates of the DOA even in extremely noisy environments (-10 dB of ASNR). The method is reviewed and its performance is compared with that of the Conventional Beamformer, Capon's Beamformer, MUSIC, ESPRIT, and Min-Norm methods. In contrast with the subspace-based methods which entirely depend on the full rank signal covariance matrix, the MaxMax method does not. Hence, the performance of the method remains superior to that of the others without adjusting the algorithm to the characteristics of source signals such as multipath or singlepath. If the signal power is so weak that its presence is almost negligible, Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) or Minimum Description Length (MDL) do not yield correct estimates the number of signal paths. A new 'spatial sampling' technique and its performance are presented for estimating the number of signals in case of strongly suppressed signal power.
Phosphatidylethanolamine Is Required for Normal Cell Morphology and Cytokinesis in the Fission Yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe (2009)

We describe the characterization of three predicted genes, designated psd1‐3 , in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe , encoding phosphatidylserine decarboxylases (PSDs), which catalyze the conversion of phosphatidylserine to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). While S. pombe mutants carrying deletions in any one or two psd genes are viable in both rich and minimal media, psd1‐3δ mutants carrying deletions in all three psd genes grow slowly in rich medium and are inviable in minimal medium, indicating that the psd1‐3 gene products share overlapping essential cellular functions. Supplementation of growth media with ethanolamine, which can be converted to PE by the Kennedy pathway, restores growth to psd1‐3δ cells in minimal medium, indicating that PE is essential for S. pombe cell growth. psd1‐3δ cells appear morphologically indistinguishable from wild type S. pombe cells in medium supplemented with ethanolamine but when cultured in non‐supplemented medium produce high frequencies of abnormally shaped cells as well as cells exhibiting severe septation defects, including multiple, mispositioned, deformed, and misoriented septa. Our results demonstrate that PE is essential for cell growth and for normal morphology and cytokinesis in S. pombe and illustrate the usefulness of this model eukaryote for investigating potentially conserved biological and molecular functions of PE.
CRUSADE Score is Superior to Platelet Function Testing for Prediction of Bleeding in Patients Following Coronary Interventions (2017)

Hypothetically, diminished platelet reactivity (PR) during dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) should cause extra major bleeding events (MBE), although definite evidence is lacking. Multiple scores have been proposed to stratify bleeding risk, but their predictive value during DAPT is unclear. We compared the performance of the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) with PR testing to predict MBE in Korean patients with acute coronary syndrome. We screened 1105, and included 903 consecutive patients who underwent coronary interventions. All patients received DAPT, while MBE were assessed by BARC scale. Admission platelet reactivity was assessed with VerifyNow Analyzer simultaneously with CRUSADE score, and MBE were collected at 1month and at 1year post stenting. There were a total of 113 (11%) MBE at 1month, and extra 41(5%) MBE at 1year. At 1month MBE prediction was superior by CRUSADE score (AUC: 0.816, 95% CI: 0.79 0.84, p<0.0001), compared to PR (AUC: 0.605, 95% CI: 0.572-0.637, p=0.0007). Moreover, CRUSADE score remains the independent predictor of MBE by multivariate analyses (OR=2.94, 95% CI: 2.18-3.96, p<0.0001). At 1year MBE also correlated, but were not significantly different between admission CRUSADE score (AUC: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.58 0.66, p=0.0183) and PR (AUC: 0.674, 95% CI: 0.63-0.71, p=0.002). We conclude that MBE are more common in real life than reported in clinical trials. CRUSADE score was superior to PR testing for predicting short-term, but not 1year MBE in Korean patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and treated with DAPT.
Synthesis of Methyl (20R,22E)- and (20S,22E)-3-Oxochola-1,4,22- trien-24-oate (2002)

Methyl (22E)-3-oxochola-1,4,22-trien-24-oate (4; C25H34O3) is a naturally occurring steroid with unknown configuration at C(20). Starting from the (20S)-3-oxo-23,24-dinorchol-4-en-22-al (1a), we prepared both diastereoisomeric methyl esters 4a and 4b by a three-step procedure (Scheme). In the case of 4b, the initial epimerization of aldehyde 1a was followed by completion of the sequence and then separation via fractional crystallization to afford pure (20R)-methyl ester 4a and its (20S)-diastereomer 4b. Only the analytical data of the (20S)-compound 4b were in good agreement with those reported for the natural product.