gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Xylanase in broiler diets with differences in characteristics and content of wheat (1994)

Abstract 1. Experiments were conducted to measure the effect of xy‐lanase supplementation on the performance of broilers fed on wheat‐based diets containing high and low extract viscosity wheat (experiment 1), baking and feeding quality wheat (experiment 2) and with variation in wheat content (experiment 3). 2. Xylanase supplementation improved food conversion ratios by 2·2–2·9% and body weight gain by 0·2–2·5%. This was independent of wheat characteristics but slightly dependent on the wheat content of the diet. These effects were related to a lowering of digesta viscosity. 3. Differences in extract viscosity of wheat were not reflected in broiler digesta viscosity. 4. Reduction of digesta viscosity resulted in only a slight improvement of litter score. Reduced intestinal viscosity decreased relative pancreas weight and to a lesser extent relative small intestinal weight. 5. Baking quality wheat Baldus gave better performance than the feed quality wheats Apollo and Slejpner. 6. It was concluded that xylanase supplementation of wheat‐based diets invariably had a positive effect on broiler performance.
Further Investigation of An Adaptive Three-dimensional Mesh Refinement Method with a Central Vortex Velocity Field (2007)

Summary An adaptive three-dimensional mesh refinement method based on the law of mass conservation has been introduced and tested using some analytical velocity fields as accurate in identifying singular point, asymptotic plane and drawing closed streamlines. This paper further investigates the adaptive mesh refinement method using a velocity field that is due to a uniform strain and a point vortex. Similar results have been obtained.
Thermal properties and thermal instabilities of InP-based heterojunction bipolar transistors (1996)

We investigate the physical parameters which are critical to the understanding of the thermal phenomena in InP-based heterojunction bipolar transistors. These parameters include thermal resistance, thermal-electric feedback coefficient, current gain, and base-collector leakage current. We examine the thermal instability behavior in multi-finger HBTs, and observe for the first time the collapse of current gain in InP-based HBTs. Based on both measurement and modeling results, we establish the reasons why the collapse is rarely observed in InP HBT's, in a sharp contrast to AlGaAs/GaAs HBT's. We compare the similarities and differences on how InP-based HBT, GaAs-based HBT, and Si-based bipolar transistors react once the thermal instability condition is met. Finally, we describe the issues involved in the design of InP HBTs.
Analysis of free-storage algorithms (1971)

Central to successful operation of a computer system based heavily on reentrant (or pure) procedures is reliable and efficient dynamic management of free storage. Such systems must allocate, use, and release one or more blocks of free storage for each task or system operation, e.g., each I/O task or each request for supervisor services. For any list-processing system, such as AED or LISP, efficient management of free storage is a fundamental problem. The consequence of errors in allocation and release is usually total collapse of the system; that of mismanagement is usually processor inefficiency or under-utilization of the free-storage pool. The processor inefficiency resulting from a poor or ill-chosen management algorithm is usually tolerated, even though it is high relative to that of other system functions; under-utilization of free storage is less tolerable, as “lock-up” can be encountered. This circumstance must be averted by task deferral or “garbage collection” procedures, both of which are costly to system performance.
A Comprehensive Investigation of a Common-Mode Filter for Gigahertz Differential Signals Using Quarter-Wavelength Resonators (2013)

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation on an inexpensive and wideband common-mode noise suppression filter that uses a quarter-wavelength resonator. An equivalent transmission line model is also used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed structure in a common-mode filter (CMF). Moreover, more important parameters, such as coupling coefficients are presented to investigate the characteristics of CMF unit. The performance of CMF is then characterized using two coupling coefficients between two differential traces and between differential traces and a quarter-wavelength resonator. A simple design approach is also presented for a wideband CMF. Numerical results demonstrate that CMF with three different lengths of quarter-wavelength resonators have rejection bands of 3.94-8.74 GHz and 3.53-10.1 GHz at cutoff frequencies of -20 dB and -10 dB, respectively Time-domain common-mode noise is decreased by approximately 60%. Moreover, analyses of differential insertion loss and group delay indicate that the differential signals maintain sufficient signal integrity when the wideband CMF is used in single- and two-pair differential interconnects. Finally, CMF is validated by an eye diagram and by measurements of time/frequency-domain common-mode noise and I/O cable common-mode current.
Open source software in quantum computing (2018)

Open source software is becoming crucial in the design and testing of quantum algorithms. Many of the tools are backed by major commercial vendors with the goal to make it easier to develop quantum software: this mirrors how well-funded open machine learning frameworks enabled the development of complex models and their execution on equally complex hardware. We review a wide range of open source software for quantum computing, covering all stages of the quantum toolchain from quantum hardware interfaces through quantum compilers to implementations of quantum algorithms, as well as all quantum computing paradigms, including quantum annealing, and discrete and continuous-variable gate-model quantum computing. The evaluation of each project covers characteristics such as documentation, licence, the choice of programming language, compliance with norms of software engineering, and the culture of the project. We find that while the diversity of projects is mesmerizing, only a few attract external developers and even many commercially backed frameworks have shortcomings in software engineering. Based on these observations, we highlight the best practices that could foster a more active community around quantum computing software that welcomes newcomers to the field, but also ensures high-quality, well-documented code.
Behavior of Phospholipids in Soybean Oil on Silicic Acid (1984)

ABSTRACT The unexpected recovery of soybean oil phospholipids in the non‐polar eluents from a silicic acid column led to this investigation. Crude soybean oil dissolved in ethyl ether was mixed with silicic acid, filtered and the amount of phosphorus determined in the filtrate. Increasing time of contact with silicic acid, and pretreatment by heat or sonication decreased the amount of phosphorus in the filtrate. These findings indicate that phospholipids in crude soybean oil occur in a form that gives them a nonpolar character that can be changed. However, a certain portion of the phospholipids are not changed by the treatments described. These results are compared to phosphorus loss by degumming of soybean oil.
Development of the Boundary Zone Method for Generation of Representative Human Models (2009)

The present study developed a generation method of representative human models (RHMs) at a boundary zone which statistically accommodates a designated percentage of the target population. The boundary zone method proposed in the study consists of (1) identification of a boundary zone and (2) cluster analysis on cases within the identified boundary zone. The boundary zone of a designated accommodation percentage was formed by the normalized squared distance of each anthropometric case from the centroid of the target population. Cluster analysis was used to group homogenous cases within the boundary zone to reduce the number of the cases. A comprehensive evaluation under various combinations of anthropometric dimensions revealed that the average of multivariate accommodation percentages of the boundary zone method (91%) closer to the designated percentage (90%) than those of the existing generation methods (square method = 49%, circular method = 76%, and rectangular method = 96%).
High Efficiency Grating Coupler for Coupling between Single-Mode Fiber and SOI Waveguides (2013)

A high efficiency grating coupler between single-mode fiber and silicon-on-insulator waveguide is designed by a formula method. Over 78.5% coupling efficiency (>−1.05 dB) with 3 dB bandwidth about 50 nm for one grating coupler is obtained experimentally and this result is the highest one as far as we know. This grating coupler is CMOS compatible which needs only one etch-step and is designed for a standard SOI chip without any Bragg reflector or bottom reflector.
Effects of Transgenic Bt +CpTI Cotton on the Soil Microbial Amount and Bacterial Diversity by Rhizobox Method (2011)

In this study,three-room rhizobox method was used to collect soil samples from different zones of cotton root.Traditional culture-depending methods and DGGE-cloning sequencing were used to investigate the different soil microbial(bacteria,actinomycetes,fungi) amount and bacterial diversity between transgenic Bt +CpTI cotton and conventional cotton in three growing stages(40 d,50 d and 60 d).The results of traditional culture-depending method showed that the amount of soil bacteria and actinomycetes decreased significantly in S1 zone of transgenic Bt +CpTI cotton,but the amount of three microorganisms in S2 zone and the amount of bacteria and fungi in S3 zone of transgenic Bt +CpTI cotton increased significantly,compared to the conventional cotton.DGGE fingerprinting indicated that the Shannon-Wiener index,evenness and the number of bands had no significant difference between transgenic Bt +CpTI cotton and conventional cotton in three growing stages.There was high similarity between the two cotton treatments and it was not affected by the planting of transgenic Bt +CpTI cotton.The planting of transgenic Bt +CpTI cotton only affected the amount of microorganisms and had no significant effect on the bacterial diversity.
The Archean Superior Province of the Canadian Shield and Its Lode Gold Deposits* (1989)

When the price of gold rose from about $200 (U.S.) an ounce in 1979 to nearly $700 an ounce by the end of the same year, the gold rush of the 1980s was under way. Gold production in the western world rose dramatically; from 1981 to 1986 production increased by 300 to 1,282 metric tons per year. Annual production may reach 1,500 to 1,600 metric tons by 1990 (Woodall, 1988). The major contributors to the increased stream of gold have been Australia, Canada, Brazil, and the United States together with other circum-Pacific countries. The increased price of gold and new methods of extraction have allowed many older deposits to be reopened, but the most important factor has been the high success level of exploration. This success has resulted in large part from the application of new genetic models and from the development of new exploration techniques.There are hundreds of thousands of reported gold occurrences around the world. The majority are alluvial placers, but large numbers of bedrock occurrences have also been discovered. Most of these occurrences prove to be very small and are relatively unimportant in the overall world production level. Most mined gold has come from a small number of giant deposits, which were found by prospectors. It is becoming increasingly clear, however, that the discovery of giant deposits in the future will involve more than the sharp eyes and persistence of the old prospector. The use of sound geologic principles, and exploration programs based on those principles, is what the future holds. An example can be seen in the successful search for gold deposits in the South Pacific. There, exploration models have been based on principles developed in the study of modern geothermal systems. Giant deposits such as Lihir and Porgera have been the reward. Another example is the giant copper-gold-uranium deposit at Olympic Dam, South Australia, discovered beneath 300 m of cover using an exploration program based on models developed by Western Mining Corporation geologists for Zambian copper belt-type deposits.Gold deposits are widely dispersed throughout many geologic settings and in virtually all kinds of rocks, but they do not seem to have formed at a uniform rate throughout geologic history. On the contrary, two very distinct metallogenic periods have been defined. The first is the Archean era, when most of the great deposits in greenstone belts were formed and the vast Witwatersrand basin deposits in
Rapid Activity-Driven SNARE-Dependent Trafficking of Nicotinic Receptors on Somatic Spines (2005)

Rapid trafficking of glutamate receptors contributes importantly to synaptic plasticity, but whether similar trafficking extends to other ionotropic receptors is unknown. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing alpha7 subunits are widely expressed in the nervous system and allow calcium influx. Because of this, alpha7-containing receptors regulate diverse events, depending on the signaling pathways available. We find that the receptors codistribute with target soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) postsynaptically and that nicotinic stimulation rapidly induces SNARE-dependent vesicular endocytosis accompanied by receptor internalization. At the same time, a SNARE-dependent process recruits receptors to the cell surface from internal pools. Overall, the trafficking does not markedly change the number of surface receptors or their combined whole-cell response to nicotine. SNARE-dependent trafficking is needed, however, for the receptors to remain capable of activating the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein and attendant gene expression when repeatedly challenged. Thus, trafficking appears to be essential for maintaining functional coupling between alpha7-receptor responses and downstream signaling.
The CERT Guide to Insider Threats: How to Prevent, Detect, and Respond to Information Technology Crimes (2012)

Since 2001, the CERT Insider Threat Center at Carnegie Mellon Universitys Software Engineering Institute (SEI) has collected and analyzed information about more than seven hundred insider cyber crimes, ranging from national security espionage to theft of trade secrets. The CERT Guide to Insider Threats describes CERTs findings in practical terms, offering specific guidance and countermeasures that can be immediately applied by executives, managers, security officers, and operational staff within any private, government, or military organization. The authors systematically address attacks by all types of malicious insiders, including current and former employees, contractors, business partners, outsourcers, and even cloud-computing vendors. They cover all major types of insider cyber crime: IT sabotage, intellectual property theft, and fraud. For each, they present a crime profile describing how the crime tends to evolve over time, as well as motivations, attack methods, organizational issues, and precursor warnings that could have helped the organization prevent the incident or detect it earlier. Beyond identifying crucial patterns of suspicious behavior, the authors present concrete defensive measures for protecting both systems and data. This book also conveys the big picture of the insider threat problem over time: the complex interactions and unintended consequences of existing policies, practices, technology, insider mindsets, and organizational culture. Most important, it offers actionable recommendations for the entire organization, from executive management and board members to IT, data owners, HR, and legal departments. With this book, you will find out how to Identify hidden signs of insider IT sabotage, theft of sensitive information, and fraud Recognize insider threats throughout the software development life cycle Use advanced threat controls to resist attacks by both technical and nontechnical insiders Increase the effectiveness of existing technical security tools by enhancing rules, configurations, and associated business processes Prepare for unusual insider attacks, including attacks linked to organized crime or the Internet underground By implementing this books security practices, you will be incorporating protection mechanisms designed to resist the vast majority of malicious insider attacks.
The strength of annealed, heat‐strengthened and fully tempered float glass (2009)

ABSTRACT In the last two decades architectural glass has made an enormous leap from a secondary material to a material that combines structural and cladding roles. The structural role is a new and problematic one. In contrast to most other engineering materials the strength of glass is not a material parameter but a parameter dependent on processing quality and damage to the glass surface. There is also no real agreement on how strong glass is. There is a concept Euronorm for structural glass that has values for the characteristic strength for annealed, heat‐strengthened, fully tempered and chemically toughened glass. There is however no real agreement on the validity of these values for design of glass beams or columns. To provide an independent set of values a statistically significant series of four‐point bending tests on glass were conducted using both lying and standing positions resulting in a set of values for the characteristic strength.
Hyperplastic-like Polyps as Precursors of Microsatellite-Unstable Colorectal Cancer (2003)

Journal presents a detailed survey of the morphologic heterogeneity that may be encountered in hyperplastic polyps of the colorectum. Two groups of hyperplastic polyps were compared. The study group comprised 106 colonoscopically obtained hyperplastic polyps from the proximal colon from a series of 91 patients who subsequently had sporadic DNA microsatellite instability–high (MSI-H) cancer in the same anatomic region. The control group comprised 106 hyperplastic polyps from the sigmoid colon or rectum from subjects in whom neoplasia of any type did not develop subsequently. The 2 groups of hyperplastic polyps differed in terms of multiple architectural, cytologic, maturational, and proliferative indices.
Collaboration in Software Engineering: A Roadmap (2007)

Software engineering projects are inherently cooperative, requiring many software engineers to coordinate their efforts to produce a large software system. Integral to this effort is developing shared understanding surrounding multiple artifacts, each artifact embodying its own model, over the entire development process. This focus on model- oriented collaboration embedded within a larger process is what distinguishes collaboration research in software engineering from broader collaboration research, which tends to address artifact-neutral coordination technologies and toolkits. This article first presents a list of goals for software engineering collaboration, then surveys existing collaboration support tools in software engineering. The survey covers both tools that focus on a single artifact or stage in the development process (requirements support tools, UML collaboration tools), and tools that support the representation and execution of an entire software process. Important collaboration standards are also described. Several possible future directions for collaboration in software engineering are presented, including tight integration between web and desktop development environments, broader participation by customers and end users in the entire development process, capturing argumentation surrounding design rationale, and use of massively multiplayer online (MMO) game technology as a collaboration medium. The article concludes by noting a problem in performing research on collaborative systems, that of assessing how well certain artifacts, models, and embedded processes work, and whether they are better than other approaches.
The Pharmacopeia of the United States of America (The United States Pharmacopeia) (1960)

The 16th Revision of the Pharmacopeia of the United States of America has taken significant steps toward making this publication fulfill its objectives as a compendium of legal standards for the purity and potency of drugs which are included. The prime criterion for inclusion is that a drug be a medicinal substance, the utility of which is fully established and well understood. In this connection, it is important to note that the inclusion of patent drugs, begun with the 12th revision, has been greatly extended in the present edition. A study of the interim admissions, the totally new admissions to this edition, and the deletions from the previous revision indicates the intensive efforts of the Committee of Revision in attempting to make this publication adequately represent current medicinal practice. The individual carefully prepared monographs incorporate new analytical techniques and indicate the care taken to eliminate ambiguities in test procedures. At
Why does inflammation persist: a dominant role for the stromal microenvironment? (2002)

Inflammatory responses occur within tissue microenvironments, with functional contributions from both haematopoietic (lymphocytic) cells and stromal cells (including macrophages and fibroblasts). These environments are complex--a compound of many different cell types at different stages of activation and differentiation. Traditional models of inflammatory disease highlight the role of antigen-specific lymphocyte responses and attempt to identify causative agents. However, recent studies have indicated the importance of tissue microenvironments and the innate immune response in perpetuating the inflammatory process. The prominent role of stromal cells in the generation and maintenance of these environments has begun to challenge the primacy of the lymphocyte in regulating chronic inflammatory processes. Sensible enquiries into factors regulating the persistence of inflammatory disease necessitate an understanding of the mechanisms regulating tissue homeostasis and remodelling during inflammation. This article highlights recent insights into the factors regulating dynamic aspects of inflammation, focusing particularly on mononuclear cell infiltrates, their interactions with stromal cells in tissues and the relevance of these interactions to existing and possible future therapies. A key feature of current research has been a growing appreciation that disordered spatial and temporal interactions between infiltrating immune cells and resident stromal cells lie at the heart of disease persistence.
Soft decision decoding of a bit-interleaved convolutionally encoded code division multiple access system over Rayleigh fading channels (2003)

The author investigates the performance of a bit-interleaved convolutionally encoded code division multiple access (CDMA) communication system with feedback power control over mobile radio channels. The analytical formulas for both optimal and suboptimal bit likelihood ratios, to be used as soft decision metrics for the decoder, are derived for noncoherent detection, with and without diversity reception. The resulting optimal bit soft decisions provide a decoded BER of 0.1% with 1.0-1.2 dB less power than that required for hard decisions in the proposed North American CDMA digital cellular system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>