gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutralizing antibodies against IFN-  in multiple sclerosis: antagonization of IFN-  mediated suppression of MMPs (2004)

Neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against interferon-beta (IFN-beta) develop in about a third of treated multiple sclerosis patients and are believed to reduce therapeutic efficacy of IFN-beta on clinical and MRI measures. The expression of the interferon acute-response protein, myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) is a sensitive measure of the biological activity of therapeutically applied IFN-beta and of its reduced bioavailability due to NAb. However, MxA may not be operative in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis or the therapeutic effect of IFN-beta. Instead, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are increased in brain tissue, CSF and blood circulation of multiple sclerosis patients and function as effector molecules in several steps of multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. One of the molecular mechanisms by which IFN-beta exerts its beneficial effect in multiple sclerosis is reduction of MMP-9 expression and increase of its endogenous tissue inhibitor, TIMP-1. Quantitative PCR measurements of MMP-2 and MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, and MxA were performed in peripheral mononuclear cells from clinically stable multiple sclerosis patients with relapsing remitting disease course after short-term and long-term treatment with IFN-beta. IFN-beta therapy down-regulated the expression of MMP-9 and abolished that of MMP-2 in long-term, but not short-term treated multiple sclerosis, while levels of MxA were increased in both instances. The presence of NAb reversed these effects, i.e. led to reduced MxA and increased MMP-2/MMP-9 expression levels compared with NAb- patients. In contrast, expression of TIMPs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells remained unaffected by IFN-beta therapy and the presence of NAb. While MxA is able to detect the biological action and reduced bioavailability of IFN-beta on the basis of single injections, only MMP-9 shows quantitative correlation with the NAb titre. Together with evidence that an imbalance between MMP and TIMP expression is a crucial pathogenetic feature in multiple sclerosis, these findings support the concept of a significant role of NAb in reducing the therapeutic efficacy of IFN-beta.
Elemental Composition of the Very Local Interstellar Medium as Deduced from Observations of Anomalous Cosmic Rays (1990)

We present a new determination of the relative abundances of the interstellar neutral\natoms CI, NI, 0 I, and Ar I. These abundances are derived from Voyager observations\nof the energy spectra of the anomalous cosmic ray- (ACR) component (He, C, N, 0, Ne, and\nAr), using a new analysis technique. We find that the abundances of NI, 0 I, and Ar I are\nin good agreement with solar system abundances, while the abundance of CI is ~1/100 of\nthe solar system value, consistent with the expectation that C is mostly ionized in the local\ninterstellar medium. As we have reported earlier, we find no evidence for charge-changing\ninteractions associated with the heliopause region.
Case Report A Novel Approach to the Management of Symptomatic Junctional and Ectopic Atrial Rhythms (2003)

Chronic recurrent junctional and ectopic atrial rhythms are a challenge to manage as they are not responsive to pharmacologic therapy and will usu- ally inhibit standard pacemakers. This report presents two patients with junctional and low atrial rhythms who were successfully managed with a recently in- troduced atrial overdrive suppression algorithm in- tended for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrilla- tion. In contrast with the standard AAI mode, the AF suppression algorithm paces progressively faster in re- sponse to sensed atrial events (or junctional rhythms with retrograde conduction). Maintaining atrial pacing produces a more normal A-V interval with relieve of symptoms.
Credit card fraud: awareness and prevention (2008)

Purpose To make readers aware of the pervasiveness of credit card fraud and how it affects credit card companies, merchants and consumers. Design/methodology/approach A range of recent publications in journals and information from internet web sites provide corroboration and details of how fraudsters are using credit cards to steal billions of dollars each year. Numerous schemes and techniques are described in addition to recommendations as to how to help control this growing type of fraud. Findings Credit card fraud is a healthy and growing means of stealing billions of dollars from credit card companies, merchants and consumers. This paper offers current information to help understand the techniques used by fraudsters and how to avoid falling prey to them. Research limitations/implications This fraud relies on technology currently available and the easy ability to obtain machinery to steal individual identities and account information, and to produce fraudulent credit cards. Information cited is current but could change radically as technological breakthroughs occur. The changing nature of technology also affects the recommendations made to control this fraud. Practical implications A very useful source of current information on credit card fraud for bank, credit card companies, merchants, and consumers. Originality/value This paper provides specific current information and recommendations regarding a fraud topic that is of interest to a wide audience.
Weld pool surface depth measurement using a calibrated camera and structured light (2007)

Automated monitoring and control of the weld pool surface has been one of the goals of the welding industry. This paper presents a technique which uses a calibrated charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor and structured light to extract the surface information as depth of pool from captured images. It projects a laser line from a pre-determined position onto the specular weld pool surface. A reflected laser beam from the specular surface is captured by a calibrated CCD sensor to form the image. The image is then processed based on the ray-tracing technique to calculate the depth of the weld pool surface using the position of the laser and its fan angle along with the intrinsic parameters and extrinsic parameters of the CCD sensor.
Effect of Halide Ligands on the Reactivity of Carbon−Palladium Bonds:  Implications for Designing Catalytic Reactions (2000)

The integral role of halide ions as a ligand in divalent palladium-catalyzed nucleophile−alkyne−α,β-unsaturated carbonyl coupling reaction as well as in the stoichiometric reaction of arylpalladium reagents with acrolein was studied. Excess of halide ions can effectively inhibit the β-hydride elimination of a (2-oxoalkyl)palladium intermediate, giving preferentially the protonolysis product in acidic media. This result may have further implications for the design and development of divalent palladium-catalyzed reactions.
Factors that influence the decision to do an adequate evaluation of a patient with a positive stool for occult blood (2001)

Hemoccult testing is not followed by an adequate evaluation in a significant proportion of patients. Our study points out for the first time that the number of positive Hemoccult windows significantly influences the decision-making.
Electrical properties of artificial clay-bearing sandstone (1982)

Abstract Rocks which contain clay minerals often display electrical properties which cannot be predicted by bulk electrical properties of the constituents (Cohen, 1981). Interactions between clay minerals and groundwater can produce polarization phenomena, decreases in resistivity, and supposed nonlinear behavior.
STRUCTURED VIDEO: A DATA TYPE WITH CONTENT-BASED ACCESS (1993)

We describe structured video, a general video data model allowing free form annotation, composition, and content-based access to video segments. The structured video abstraction provides an efficient means of organizing and manipulating video data by assigning logical representations to the underlying video streams and their contents. We introduce a video algebra as a means for combining and expressing temporal relations between structured video segments. Key aspects of the model have been implemented as part of the Structured Video System project. The system offers a query based interface for browsing and playback of relevant video segments. The structured video browser uses the logical representation of the video data to provide viewing methods based on the ascribed temporal characteristics of the video. The structured video system provides interesting and diverse ways to efficiently access and manipulate large video collections. Experience from the prototype implementation is reported.
Peak-to-RMS reduction of speech based on a sinusoidal model (1991)

A sinusoidal-based analysis/synthesis system is used to apply a radar design solution to the problem of dispersing the phase of a speech waveform. Unlike conventional methods of phase dispersion, this solution technique adapts dynamically to the pitch and spectral characteristics of the speech, while maintaining the original spectral envelope. The solution can also be used to drive the sine-wave amplitude modification for amplitude compression, and is coupled to the desired shaping of the speech spectrum. The proposed dispersion solution, when integrated with amplitude compression, results in a significant reduction in the peak-to-RMS (root-mean-square) ratio of the speech waveform with acceptable loss in quality. Application of a real-time prototype sine-wave preprocessor to AM radio broadcasting is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DEVELOPMENT OF VERY HIGH BITUMEN CONTENT EMULSIONS FOR SPRAYED SEALING (1994)

The use of bitumen emulsions in sprayed sealing in Australia has been gaining interest for a number of years. The major drawback of 70% bitumen emulsions (even when polymer modified) has been the cure time. This has limited the use of such systems. The work described in this paper concerns the development of very high binder emulsion systems to overcome this curing problem. Eighty percent bitumen emulsions are discussed in terms of thetheoretical basis in packing theory and their properties. Field trials are discussed which illustrate the performance characteristics and development steps. Polymer modified systems that are analogues of the hot appliedsystems for strain alleviation are discussed together with field trial information. (a) For the covering abstract of this conference see IRRD abstract no. 861222.
Mac OS 8 bible (1998)

Ｍａｃ ＯＳの特徴 Ｍａｃ ＯＳの最新機能 デスクトップの基本操作 Ｆｉｎｄｅｒの基本操作 先進のＦｉｎｄｅｒテクニック システムフォルダの構成 コントロールパネルを機能させる メモリの管理 ネットワークの設定 インターネット関連機能のすべて〔ほか〕
Varenicline versus transdermal nicotine patch for smoking cessation: results from a randomised open-label trial (2008)

NCT00143325.
Induction of Lactation in Nonpregnant Cows by Estradiol-17β and Progesterone from an Intravaginal Sponge (1983)

An intravaginal sponge impregnated with 500 mg estradiol-17 beta and 1000 mg progesterone to induce lactation in nonpregnant dairy cattle was investigated. Sponge retention (greater than 95%) was achieved by its attachment to a nylon collar. Treatment with the sponge for 10 days resulted in lactogenesis in 25% of treated cows compared with an 89% success rate when an adjunct injection of dexamethasone esters (20 mg intramuscular) was given on day 6 or a 96% success rate when reserpine injections (2.5 mg intramuscular) were given on days 6, 8, and 10 10 after sponge insertion. Milking was begun 12 days after sponge insertion (2 days after removal). Peak milk yield was unaffected by adjunct treatments but was greater in spring (mean 11.5 kg/day) than in autumn treated cows (mean 3 and 6 kg/day) in 2 yr of trials. Concentration of estradiol-17 beta in plasma rose rapidly after sponge insertion to a peak similar to that in cows in late pregnancy. Measurement of estradiol-17 beta concentration in milk indicated less, even at first milking than in commercially distributed pasteurized milk. Milk fat and protein content were higher in milk from induced lactations compared with that from normally calving cows on the same day.
Calix[4]arenes Containing Ferrocene Amide as Carboxylate Anion Receptors and Sensors (2003)

Calix[4]arene derivatives containing amide ferrocene units at the wide rim and ethyl ester groups at the narrow rim, L1-L3, were synthesized and their anion binding and sensing properties were investigated. It was found from (1)H NMR titrations that L1-L3 were able to bind selectively with carboxylate anions. Moreover, cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry showed that L1-L3 were able to act as electrochemical sensors for carboxylate anions. [structure: see text]
Chagas disease in the Amazon Region (2007)

The risk that Chagas disease becomes established as a major endemic threat in Amazonia (the world's largest tropical biome, today inhabited by over 30 million people) relates to a complex set of interacting biological and social determinants. These include intense immigration from endemic areas (possibly introducing parasites and vectors), extensive landscape transformation with uncontrolled deforestation, and the great diversity of wild Trypanosoma cruzi reservoir hosts and vectors (25 species in nine genera), which maintain intense sylvatic transmission cycles. Invasion of houses by adventitious vectors (with infection rates > 60%) is common, and focal adaptation of native triatomines to artificial structures has been reported. Both acute (approximately 500) and chronic cases of autochthonous human Chagas disease have been documented beyond doubt in the region. Continuous, low-intensity transmission seems to occur throughout the Amazon, and generates a hypoendemic pattern with seropositivity rates of approximately 1-3%. Discrete foci also exist in which transmission is more intense (e.g., in localized outbreaks probably linked to oral transmission) and prevalence rates higher. Early detection-treatment of acute cases is crucial for avoiding further dispersion of endemic transmission of Chagas disease in Amazonia, and will require the involvement of malaria control and primary health care systems. Comprehensive eco-epidemiological research, including prevalence surveys or the characterization of transmission dynamics in different ecological settings, is still needed. The International Initiative for Chagas Disease Surveillance and Prevention in the Amazon provides the framework for building up the political and scientific cooperation networks required to confront the challenge of preventing Chagas disease in Amazonia.
Purification and Characterization of Dopamine β ‐Hydroxylase from Bovine Adrenal Medulla (1976)

A new purification procedure that permits large-scale purification of dopamine beta-hydroxylase from bovine adrenal medulla was developed. Whole adrenal medullas were extracted with 0.1% Triton X-100, and the enzyme was purified by precipitation with polyethylene glycol, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, and adsorption to concanavalin A linked to agarose. The yield of protein and the specific activity were high compared with previously published methods. The enzyme appeared essentially homogenous by the criteria of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence or absence of dodecylsulfate, and sedimentation velocity analysis. The purified protein was subjected to amino acid and carbohydrate analyses, and the results were compared with previously published data. We found about 3 mol of copper per mol of protein (tetramer of 290000 daltons). No free sulfhydryl groups could be found. Analysis for NH2-terminal amino acids with [14C]dansyl chloride revealed 2 residues of alanine and 2 residues of serine per tetramer. We found the NH2-terminal amino acid of chromogranin A to be leucine. The results of our analysis for amino acid composition and NH2-terminal amino acids do not support the suggestion that dopamine beta-hydroxylase and chromogranin A contain identical peptide chains.
High phosphorus gettering efficiency in polycrystalline silicon by optimisation of classical thermal annealing conditions (1995)

The external gettering effect by phosphorus diffusion is used to improve the minority carrier diffusion length of polycrystalline silicon. Large grain silicon wafers are exposed to a POCl3 source at different temperatures and durations and are afterwards post-annealed in a conventional diffusion furnace in a pure argon atmosphere. The influence of the starting and quenching temperatures of the post-annealing step on the gettering efficiency is investigated. The optimisation of the thermal annealing cycle parameters, i.e. the determination of the best combination of starting temperature of post-annealing, heating and cooling rates, post-annealing temperature and duration, pull-out temperature of the wafers, and POCl3 diffusion conditions, results in a large improvement of the minority carrier diffusion length in camparison to the starting material. A further advantage of this post-annealing is the improvement of the homogeneity of the active phosphorus distribution and of the electrical properties. Um die Minoritätsladungsträgerdiffusionslänge von polykristallinem Silizium zu verbessern, wird der externe Gettereffekt benutzt. Großkörniges Siliziummaterial wird mit Hilfe einer POCl3-Quelle verschieden lange und bei verschiedenen Temperaturen dotiert. Die Proben erhalten anschließend unter reiner Argonatmosphäre in einem konventionellen Diffusionsofen einen sogenannten „post-anneal”︁. Dabei wird der Einfluß der Anfangs- und Endtemperaturen (Temperatur beim Herausziehen der Proben) des „post-annealing”︁ -Schritts auf die Getterwirkung untersucht. Die Optimierung der einelnen Parameter des thermischen „annealing”︁ -Ablaufs, d. h. die Bestimmung der besten Kombination der Anfangstemperatur des „post-annealing”︁, Aufheiz- und Abkühlraten, „post-annealing”︁ -Temperatur und Zeitdauer, Endtemperatur der Silizium-Scheiben sowie POCl3-Diffusionsbedingungen, ergibt eine gravierende Verbesserung der Minoritätsladungsträgerdiffusionslänge im Vergleich zum Ausgangsmaterial. Ein zusätzlicher, positiver Effekt dieses „post-annealing”︁ ist die über die Probenfläche verteilte Homogenitätssteigerung der aktiven Phosphor-Verteilung und der elektrischen Eigenschaften.
Les llengües a l'hora del pati : usos lingüístics informals a les escoles de primària (2009)

Es cert que, quan els escolars catalans surten al pati, a mes de deixar els llibres i les motxilles a l'aula, hi deixen el catala? La resposta per forca requereix alguns matisos. De fet, molts infants i preadolescents parlen i juguen en catala durant l'estona d'esbarjo, pero son pocs en comparacio amb els que se serveixen majoritariament del castella.
Vehicle Mass Estimation for Heavy Duty Vehicle (2015)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Aiming at estimating the vehicle mass and the position of center of gravity, an on-line two-stage estimator, based on the recursive least square method, is proposed for buses in this paper. Accurate information of the center of gravity position is crucial to vehicle control, especially for buses whose center of gravity position can be varied substantially because of the payload onboard. Considering that the buses start and stop frequently, the first stage of the estimator determines the bus total mass during acceleration, and the second stage utilizes the recursive least-square methods to estimate the position of the center of gravity during braking. The proposed estimator can be validated by the co-simulation with MATLAB/Simulink and TruckSim software, simulation results exhibit good convergence and stability, so the center of gravity position can be estimated through the proposed method in a certain accuracy range.</div></div>
High Temporal-Resolution Dynamic PET Image Reconstruction Using a New Spatiotemporal Kernel Method (2018)

Current clinical dynamic PET has an effective temporal resolution of 5-10 seconds, which can be adequate for traditional compartmental modeling but is inadequate for exploiting the benefit of more advanced tracer kinetic modeling for characterization of diseases (e.g., cancer and heart disease). There is a need to improve dynamic PET to allow fine temporal sampling of 1-2 seconds. However, the reconstruction of these short-time frames from tomographic data is extremely challenging as the count level of each frame is very low and high noise presents in both spatial and temporal domains. Previously, the kernel framework has been developed and demonstrated as a statistically efficient approach to utilizing image prior for low-count PET image reconstruction. Nevertheless, the existing kernel methods mainly explore spatial correlations in the data and only have a limited ability in suppressing temporal noise. In this paper, we propose a new kernel method which extends the previous spatial kernel method to the general spatiotemporal domain. The new kernelized model encodes both spatial and temporal correlations obtained from image prior information and are incorporated into the PET forward projection model to improve themaximumlikelihood(ML) image reconstruction. Computer simulations and an application to real patient scan have shown that the proposed approach can achieve effective noise reduction in both spatial and temporal domains and outperform the spatial kernel method and conventional ML reconstruction method for improving the high temporal-resolution dynamic PET imaging.
Epidemiology of Staphylococcus Aureus Infections in Patients on Hemodialysis (1994)

These results support the hypothesis that S aureus isolates causing infections in hemodialysis patients are of endogenous origin.
A template-based conceptual modeling infrastructure for simulation of physical security systems (2004)

Although simulation is one of the most innovative and cost-effective tools for modeling and analyzing a system, simulation studies often fail to provide any useful results. One reason is attributed to the fact that model formulation depends on the skills of the analyst. This paper describes a research to develop a conceptual modeling infrastructure to assist a simulation analyst in specifying components for studying physical security systems. The modeling framework has been programmed as an internet-based web application. Using the application, the successful development and implementation of a physical security simulation model will be aided by a defined scientific methodology rather than simply the skills of the analyst. Further the modeling framework is simulation language independent, thus allowing for a top-down or bottom-up approach to developing the conceptual model. This offers support for an object-oriented modeling design.
Simulation Using Finite Element Analysis in the Optimization of Inflatable Bedpan Wall Thickness (2015)

The inflatable bedpan is designed to provide comfortable, convenient, safe, hygienic, efficient and easy to use to the patients and their caretakers. In order to investigate the suitability thickness of inflatable bedpan for the pressure inflow in bedpan tube, the analysis is done using Catia analysis. The static analysis work is carried out to inflatable bedpan cross section of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and their relative performances have been observed respectively. The thickness 0.5 mm shows the highest Von Mises Stress which is 21100 kPa compared to 0.8and 1.0 mm thicknesses. The lowest Von Mises Stress observed at thickness 1.0 mm which is 2990 kPa. The less stress obtained can encourage perfect shape of the design. In this paper, by observing the result of static structure analysis obtained, 1 mm is suggested as best thickness to be used as an inflatable bedpan wall because it can withstand more pressure while maintaining its stability.