gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo microdialysis sampling: theory and applications (1999)

During the last two decades, a number of methods have been developed for in vivo collection, separation and characterization of biological samples and analytes. The capability and reliability of the microdialysis technique for measuring endogenous substances (such as neurotransmitters and their metabolites) as well as exogenous therapeutic agents in various tissue systems have brought it to the forefront of the in vivo tissue sampling methods. The usability of this technique is demonstrated by its application as reported in almost 3600 scientific papers (as of January 1998). This paper describes the general aspects and various applications of this fast growing technique. Emphasis has been given to analytical considerations with regards to microdialysis probe recovery and newer HPLC techniques. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The control of flight force by a flapping wing: lift and drag production (2001)

We used a dynamically scaled mechanical model of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to study how changes in wing kinematics influence the production of unsteady aerodynamic forces in insect flight. We examined 191 separate sets of kinematic patterns that differed with respect to stroke amplitude, angle of attack, flip timing, flip duration and the shape and magnitude of stroke deviation. Instantaneous aerodynamic forces were measured using a two-dimensional force sensor mounted at the base of the wing. The influence of unsteady rotational effects was assessed by comparing the time course of measured forces with that of corresponding translational quasi-steady estimates. For each pattern, we also calculated mean stroke-averaged values of the force coefficients and an estimate of profile power. The results of this analysis may be divided into four main points. (i) For a short, symmetrical wing flip, mean lift was optimized by a stroke amplitude of 180 degrees and an angle of attack of 50 degrees. At all stroke amplitudes, mean drag increased monotonically with increasing angle of attack. Translational quasi-steady predictions better matched the measured values at high stroke amplitude than at low stroke amplitude. This discrepancy was due to the increasing importance of rotational mechanisms in kinematic patterns with low stroke amplitude. (ii) For a 180 degrees stroke amplitude and a 45 degrees angle of attack, lift was maximized by short-duration flips occurring just slightly in advance of stroke reversal. Symmetrical rotations produced similarly high performance. Wing rotation that occurred after stroke reversal, however, produced very low mean lift. (iii) The production of aerodynamic forces was sensitive to changes in the magnitude of the wing's deviation from the mean stroke plane (stroke deviation) as well as to the actual shape of the wing tip trajectory. However, in all examples, stroke deviation lowered aerodynamic performance relative to the no deviation case. This attenuation was due, in part, to a trade-off between lift and a radially directed component of total aerodynamic force. Thus, while we found no evidence that stroke deviation can augment lift, it nevertheless may be used to modulate forces on the two wings. Thus, insects might use such changes in wing kinematics during steering maneuvers to generate appropriate force moments. (iv) While quasi-steady estimates failed to capture the time course of measured lift for nearly all kinematic patterns, they did predict with reasonable accuracy stroke-averaged values for the mean lift coefficient. However, quasi-steady estimates grossly underestimated the magnitude of the mean drag coefficient under all conditions. This discrepancy was due to the contribution of rotational effects that steady-state estimates do not capture. This result suggests that many prior estimates of mechanical power based on wing kinematics may have been grossly underestimated.
Rituximab as a single agent in the management of adult patients with haemophilia A and inhibitors: marked reduction in inhibitor level and clinical improvement in bleeding but failure to eradicate the inhibitor (2008)

Management of patients with severe haemophilia A who develop inhibitors is difficult and expensive. Standard treatment of this complication is immune tolerance induction (ITI) therapy, but is successful in only 60-80% of the patients. Failure of ITI results in a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. We used rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody, in three patients with severe haemophilia A and inhibitors. Two patients with high-titre inhibitors had marked reduction in the inhibitor level; the third patient with low-titre inhibitor had a disappearance of the inhibitor. All patients improved clinically, with fewer bleeding episodes and a better quality of life. Inhibitor level increased with time in these patients, but the clinical benefit continued in two patients with high-titre inhibitors initially, after a follow-up of 48 and 22 months. One of the patients with concomitant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and a very low CD4 lymphocyte count developed severe truncal herpes zoster after the third weekly dose of rituximab. Caution is required in such patients, and we recommend avoiding rituximab use in HIV-infected patients with very low CD4 lymphocyte count. In conclusion, rituximab is useful in reducing the inhibitor level with clinical benefit in patients with severe haemophilia A and inhibitors, but it cannot eradicate the inhibitors for long periods with the currently used protocol of up to five doses.
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (1978)

Goals, Methods, and Measurements. Matter and Energy. Atomic Theory and the Periodic Table. Chemical Compounds and Chemical Bonds. Quantitative Relationships in Chemical Reactions. States of Matter and the Kinetic Theory. Solutions, and Colloids. Acids, Bases, and Ionic Compounds. Reaction Kinetics and Chemical Equilibria: Acid-Based Equilibria. Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry. Organic Chemistry: Saturated Hydrocarbons. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, and Thioalcohols. Aldehydes and Ketones. Carboxylic Acids and Esters. Amines and Amides. Stereoisomerism. Carbohydrates. Lipids. Proteins. Enzymes. Hormones and Neurotransmitters. Extracellular Fluids of the Body. Nucleic Acids. Biochemical Energetics. Metabolism of Carbohydrates. Metabolism of Lipids. Metabolism of Nitrogen Compounds. Nutrition. Appendices. Glossary. Photo Credits. Index.
A Computationally Efficient Feasible Sequential Quadratic Programming Algorithm (2001)

A sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm generating feasible iterates is described and analyzed. What distinguishes this algorithm from previous feasible SQP algorithms proposed by various authors is a reduction in the amount of computation required to generate a new iterate while the proposed scheme still enjoys the same global and fast local convergence properties. A preliminary implementation has been tested and some promising numerical results are reported.
Nonsmooth nonnegative matrix factorization (nsNMF) (2006)

We propose a novel nonnegative matrix factorization model that aims at finding localized, part-based, representations of nonnegative multivariate data items. Unlike the classical nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) technique, this new model, denoted "nonsmooth nonnegative matrix factorization" (nsNMF), corresponds to the optimization of an unambiguous cost function designed to explicitly represent sparseness, in the form of nonsmoothness, which is controlled by a single parameter. In general, this method produces a set of basis and encoding vectors that are not only capable of representing the original data, but they also extract highly localized patterns, which generally lend themselves to improved interpretability. The properties of this new method are illustrated with several data sets. Comparisons to previously published methods show that the new nsNMF method has some advantages in keeping faithfulness to the data in the achieving a high degree of sparseness for both the estimated basis and the encoding vectors and in better interpretability of the factors.
On the Elicitation of Preferences for Alternative Therapies (1982)

We investigated how variations in the way information is presented to patients influence their choices between alternative therapies. Data were presented summarizing the results of surgery and radiation therapy for lung cancer to 238 ambulatory patients with different chronic medical conditions and to 491 graduate students and 424 physicians. We asked the subjects to imagine that they had lung cancer and to choose between the two therapies on the basis of both cumulative probabilities and life-expectancy data. Different groups of respondents received input data that differed only in whether or not the treatments were identified and whether the outcomes were framed in terms of the probability of living or the probability of dying. In all three populations, the attractiveness of surgery, relative to radiation therapy, was substantially greater when the treatments were identified rather than unidentified, when the information consisted of life expectancy rather than cumulative probability, and when the problem was framed in terms of the probability of living rather than in terms of the probability of dying. We suggest that an awareness of these effects among physicians and patients could help reduce bias and improve the quality of medical decision making.
Characterization of soliton damping in the granular chain under gravity (2000)

A soliton created in the horizontal granular chain damps due to gravity in the vertical chain. We show that there are two types of propagating modes, quasisolitary and oscillatory, in the vertical chain, depending on the strength of impulse. We find that the type of damping is a power law in depth or time. We also find that the absolute value of the exponent of the power law decreases as the strength of the initial impulse increases in the quasisolitary regime. In the oscillatory regime, however, in which the initial impulse is weak, the power-law exponent is independent of the strength of the initial impulse. We show that the power-law damping is caused by the gravitation which results in the change of the force constant at each contact.
On-road object detection using deep neural network (2016)

Industrialization of transportation system has derived serious accidents that resulted in thousands of deaths. To solve the problem, vision based object detection for autonomous vehicle and advanced driver assistance system has been researched. In this study, we provide experimentations of object detection and localization in on-road environment using deep neural network. We compared the detection accuracy among object classes and analyzed the recognition results with fine-tuned Single shot multibox detector on KITTI dataset. This work improves the performance of original detection model by increasing precision of overall detection about 6%, especially about 10% in pedestrian and cyclist.
Increased Stability of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) in DU-145 Prostate Cancer Cells (2000)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been localized to the glandular epithelium of the prostate and stimulates the in vitro growth of prostate epithelial cells. [35S]Methionine labeling of MIF protein was used to determine if prostate cells synthesize and secrete this cytokine. The results demonstrated that the DU-145 prostate cancer cells secrete about twice the amount of a more stable protein compared with normal prostate epithelial cells. To investigate if differences in MIF mRNA levels account for the differences in MIF protein secreted by these cells, mRNA stability was analyzed by [3H]uridine incorporation. Following a 12-h pulse, DU-145 cells were found to contain four times the amount of [3H]uridine-labeled MIF mRNA, and this message exhibited a longer half-life than the message found in normal cells (33 h and 19 h, respectively). Nuclear run-on experiments confirmed that the MIF gene is transcribed at a greater rate (1.8-fold) in the DU-145 prostate cancer cells. This study documents, for the first time, that human prostate epithelial cells synthesize and secrete this cytokine. These results indicate that the increased levels of MIF found in prostate cancer cells is likely due to the increased protein and mRNA stability as exhibited by DU-145 cells.
Fibre optic sensor for the detection of potassium using fluorescence energy transfer (1990)

A fluorescence fibre optic sensor has been developed for measurement of the potassium concentration in aqueous solution based on the change in optical absorbance of the hydrophobic indicator 7-decyl-2-methyl-4-(3',5'-dichlorophen-4'-one)indonaphth-1-o l (MEDPIN). The sensor was constructed by dipping the distal end of a single optical fibre in a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) coating solution containing MEDPIN, a plasticiser, the ionophore valinomycin and the fluorescent dye 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine perchlorate [DilC18(5)]. The change in the absorbance of MEDPIN induced by potassium was detected from the quenching of the fluorescence of DilC18(5) due to energy transfer. Glass slides dipped in the PVC coating solution were used to establish the optical properties of the sensor. The potassium concentration was detected by the absorbance of MEDPIN at 650 nm and by the quenching of the DilC18(5) fluorescence by MEDPIN. The fluorescence intensity and lifetime of DilC18(5) decreased by ca. 40% with the addition of 33 mM KCl, indicating a resonance energy transfer mechanism. Experiments with the fibre optic sensor showed a decrease in the fluorescence of 57% with increasing potassium concentration (0-5 mM) at pH 7.45. The potassium concentration giving a 50% decrease in the fluorescence (Kd) for the most sensitive probe was 0.05 mM KCl. The value of Kd was increased to 1.3 mM when the plasticiser was changed from 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether to tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate; however, the 90% response time increased from 10 s to 4.2 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Design and Implementation Of Vehicle Tracking System Using GPS (2011)

“Surveillance system using phone line for security and tracking ”. Based on the above statement, it is targeted that this project will serve as good indication of how important it is to curb car theft in the country. Surveillance is specified to car alarm system and the means of sending the data to the owner of the vehicle using SMS when the alarm is triggered. Due to the inefficient conventional car security system, the possibility of the car can be stolen is high. The main reason is that the alarm is limited to the audible distance. Somehow if there is another way of transmitting the alarm to the car owner,tracking the vehicle,knowing the exactly that the car is been stolen at the same time that is not limited to the audible and line of sight, the system can be upgraded. SMS is a good choice of the communication to replace the conventional alarm, because it can be done and does not require much cost. Although most of people know GPS can provide more security for the car but the main reason people does not apply it because the cost. Advance car security system is too expensive. Cost for the gadget is too high. Beside that, people also must pay for the service monthly. Tracking systems were first developed for the shipping industry because they wanted to determine where each vehicle was at any given time. Passive systems were developed in the beginning to fulfill these requirements. For the applications which require real time location information of the vehicle, these systems can’t be employed because they save the location information in the internal storage and location information can only be accessed when vehicle is available. To achieve automatic
Electronic signatures (2006)

The advent of the Internet saw technological innovations such as electronic signatures, in particular digital signatures, as an electronic equivalent to manuscript signatures in the online environment. However, the use of this technology is still insignificant. The aim of this paper is to review the various studies that have explored the technical and legal issues associated with electronic signatures and digital signatures with an objective to provide insights on their lack of acceptance.
Mixed-Effects Models in S and S-PLUS (2001)

Mixed-effects models provide a flexible and powerful tool for the analysis of grouped data, which arise in many areas as diverse as agriculture, biology, economics, manufacturing, and geophysics. Examples of grouped data include longitudinal data, repeated measures, blocked designs, and multilevel data. The increasing popularity of mixed-effects models is explained by the flexibility they offer in modeling the within-group correlation often present in grouped data, by the handling of balanced and unbalanced data in a unified framework, and by the availability of reliable and efficient software for fitting them.
Dynamic time-scale compression for waveform speech coding (2005)

The bit rates of existing speech coders can be scaled down through the use of time-compression of speech signals. Of course this implies a small increase in coder complexity and some loss of quality. This work focuses on the use of dynamic time-compression in order to reduce the loss of quality. Long, stationary segments do exist in speech, therefore they can tolerate high compression rates without much degradation. Use of the appropriate rate everywhere in time results in increased overall performance from the point of view of both total time-compression factor and resulting signal-to-error ratio.
Applications of set theoretic methods to color systems (1991)

Abstract A vector‐space approach to color systems has been shown to be useful in describing metameric effects and producing metamers under different illuminations. The vector‐space approach has also been used to describe color scanning and reproduction systems. This article extends the applications presented in previous work by introducing set theoretic concepts which allow the addition of realistic constraints. The set theoretic methods allow the full range of solutions of color problems to be explored by allowing a set of solutions to a particular problem formulation. The applications discussed here include producing realizable metamers and the design of scanning filters.
Some Clinical Findings on Vanadium Workers (1966)

鉛白製造作業から五酸化バナジウム製造作業に転換したS工場作業者の,血液性状および尿中コプロポルフィリン量,血清総コレステロール量,尿中アスコルビン酸量を測定し,バナジウム曝露が作業者の健康に及ぼす影響について,若干の知見を得たので報告する。
Evaluation of slide agglutination and ring precipitation tests for capsular serotyping of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae (1982)

Rapid slide agglutination (RSA), quantitative plate agglutination, slow tube agglutination (STA), and ring precipitation (RP) tests were performed on 200 isolates of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae by using the type sera produced in rabbits against five known serotype strains and one strain 202. RSA and RP tests both yielded the same results as those by STA. None of the agglutination procedures could be used for serotyping isolates that autoagglutinated in saline. The RP test was successfully used for serotyping such strains. The specificity of the RSA and RP tests was confirmed by cross-absorption studies. All of the isolates except two had strong serotype-specific activities. The most common serotype isolated in Quebec was serotype 1, followed by serotypes 5 and 2. None of the isolates belonged to serotypes 3 and 4. Only two isolates were found to be untypable; they could possibly belong to serotype(s) not yet defined. The RSA and RP tests may be at least as reliable as the STA test, but easier to perform, less expensive, and much more rapid than any of the other methods reported. Of all the procedures studied by us, the RP test proved to be the method of choice for serotyping H. pleuropneumoniae; hence, it should replace the STA test for serotyping H. pleuropneumoniae.
Three kinds of extracellular glucosyltransferases from <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> 6715 (serotype <i>g</i>) (1983)

In addition to the 1,3-alpha-D-glucan synthetase (pI 4.9) and the highly-branched 1,6-alpha-D-glucan synthetase (pI 3.9-4.1), Streptococcus mutans 6715 (serotype g) was found to secrete the third glucosyltransferase in multiple forms (pI 5.5-7.0), which exhibited 87% 1,6-alpha-bond-, 6% 1,3-alpha-bond- and 7% 1,3,6-branch-forming activities. The production of this enzyme was extremely enhanced when the organism was grown in Tween 80-supplemented medium. The 3 glucosyltransferases from the same organism were enzymatically and immunologically distinct from each other, and they were commonly found among the serotype g strains.
Los últimos de la tricolor. Republicanos y republicanismo durante la transición hacia la democracia en España (1969-1977) (2021)

The historiographical work about the Spanish Transition to Democracy has barely studied Spanish republicans and republicanism. It has been mainly considered that, by the period between 1975 to 1982, the last Spanish republicans had disappeared and their political project had died with them. However, in our PhD. Thesis we will try to explain that this alternative that republicans represented was appropiate to the socio-political context of the period. Actually, the final death of Spanish republicanism was related to the political struggles of power during the Transition and, especially, the strain between post-Francoist institutions and the last republican leaders, who could not participate during the proccess as other political forces from the opposition to the regime were able to. This situation determined the survival of Spanish republicanism, whereas the political reform of the dictature turned into a representative democracy.
Fine Tuning the Cytokine Storm by IFN and IL-10 Following Neurotropic Coronavirus Encephalomyelitis (2018)

The central nervous system (CNS) is vulnerable to several viral infections including herpes viruses, arboviruses and HIV to name a few. While a rapid and effective immune response is essential to limit viral spread and mortality, this anti-viral response needs to be tightly regulated in order to limit immune mediated tissue damage. This balance between effective virus control with limited pathology is especially important due to the highly specialized functions and limited regenerative capacity of neurons, which can be targets of direct virus cytolysis or bystander damage. CNS infection with the neurotropic strain of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) induces an acute encephalomyelitis associated with focal areas of demyelination, which is sustained during viral persistence. Both innate and adaptive immune cells work in coordination to control virus replication. While type I interferons are essential to limit virus spread associated with early mortality, perforin, and interferon-γ promote further virus clearance in astrocytes/microglia and oligodendrocytes, respectively. Effective control of virus replication is nonetheless associated with tissue damage, characterized by demyelinating lesions. Interestingly, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 limits expansion of tissue lesions during chronic infection without affecting viral persistence. Thus, effective coordination of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines is essential during MHV induced encephalomyelitis in order to protect the host against viral infection at a limited cost.