gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formulation and Characterization of Antigen-loaded PLGA Nanoparticles for Efficient Cross-priming of the Antigen (2011)

Nanoparticles (NPs) prepared from biodegradable polymers, such as poly (D,L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), have been studied as vehicles for the delivery of antigens to phagocytes. This paper describes the preparation of antigen-loaded PLGA-NPs for efficient cross-priming.NPs containing a similar amount of ovalbumin (OVA) but different sizes were produced using a micromixer-based W/O/W solvent evaporation procedure, and the efficiency of the NPs to induce the cross-presentation of OVA peptides were examined in dendritic cells (DCs). Cellular uptake and biodistribution studies were performed using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-loaded NPs in mice.The NPs in the range of 1.1~1.4µm in size were the most and almost equally efficient in inducing the cross-presentation of OVA peptides via H-2K(b) molecules. Cellular uptake and biodistribution studies showed that opsonization of the NPs with mouse IgG greatly increased the percentage of FITC-positive cells in the spleen and lymph nodes. The major cell type of FITC-positive cells in the spleen was macrophages, whereas that of lymph nodes was DCs.These results show that IgG-opsonized PLGA-NPs with a mean size of 1.1µm would be the choice of biodegradable carriers for the targeted-delivery of protein antigens for cross-priming in vivo.
Infections with intestinal parasites in Peace Corps volunteers in Guatemala (1994)

To assess the role of parasites in causing diarrhea in Peace Corps volunteers in Guatemala, 115 stool specimens from a case-control investigation (48 case [diarrhea] and 26 control episodes) were examined. A potentially pathogenic protozoan that could account for diarrheal illness was found for only 12% of the case episodes.
Amperometric, bipotentiometric, and coulometric titrations (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTAmperometric, bipotentiometric, and coulometric titrationsJohn T. StockCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 5, 1–9Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50028a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50028a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views217Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation of Oxidized Poly (2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) with Multiple Aldehyde Groups by TEMPO-mediated Oxidation for Gelatin Crosslinking (2019)

Oxidized poly (2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (OPHEA) with multiplealdehyde groups was prepared as a gelatin crosslinker bypolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and then2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) -mediatedoxidation of poly (2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA). Theoxidation conditions were optimized so as to form aldehydegroups in OPHEA as many as possible. The maximum aldehydecontent reached 3.66 mmol/g (accounts for 42.5% of the totalhydroxyl groups in PHEA) when the oxidation was conducted at5oC and pH 9.4 for 90 min, by using 30% NaClO as oxidant and0.1% TEMPO as catalyst. FT-IR and 13C-NMR analysesdemonstrated the formation of aldehyde and carboxyl groups inOPHEA. The crosslinking reactivity of OPHEA was confirmedby the enhancement of thermal stability of modified gelatin byDSC and TG analyses. Furthermore, the viscosity of themodified gelatin was significantly increased when thecrosslinking reaction was performed at 40oC and pH 8.0. Theseresults could provide support for developing novel aldehydetanning agents without free formaldehyde.
Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in anogenital condylomata in men using in situ DNA hybridisation applied to paraffin sections. (1987)

An in situ DNA hybridisation method was used to detect human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA (HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18), and an immunoperoxidase (IP-PAP) method to detect HPV structural protein expression in paraffin sections of biopsy specimens from 133 men treated for penile (in 114 cases) and anal (in 19 cases) warts. The anatomical distribution on the penis of classic condyloma acuminatum and of papular and flat condylomata was practically identical. The gross appearance of the warts did not correlate with their morphology on light microscopy. The detection rate of dysplasia was very different in the three types of lesions (25% in flat, 50% in acuminatum, and 75% in papular warts). Of 133 lesions, 59 (44.4%) contained HPV antigens, their expression being inversely related to the grade of dysplasia; only 17% of HPV 16 lesions had detectable HPV antigen compared with 50% to 67% in lesions of the other three HPV types. HPV 16 and HPV 18 DNA were most commonly (11%) detectable in Bowenoid lesions; however, most of the HPV 16 and 18 positive cases were found among the flat and acuminatum type of lesions. Though the overall detection rate of HPV DNA (76%) did not correlate with the grade of dysplasia, a clear cut association of HPV 16 and HPV 18 with dysplastic lesions was found, none of the HPV 16 and 25% of the HPV 18 positive cases being devoid of concomitant dysplasia. The corresponding figures for HPV 6 and HPV 11 were 59.2% and 68.8%, respectively. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of epidemiologically established connections between penile and cervical cancer, with special emphasis of the high risk HPV types 16 and 18. The applicability of in situ DNA hybridisation as a powerful tool in the analysis of specific HPV DNA sequences in routinely processed biopsy specimens from these lesions is emphasised.
Domain analysis of object-oriented frameworks in FrameDoc (2002)

Frameworks are complex, and one of the biggest problems with most frameworks is just learning how to use them. In order to achieve the highest degree of reusability and extensibility, frameworks are built as sophisticated object-oriented artifacts and, therefore, it is not easy to understand the design concepts, commitments and decisions involved in the solutions.Within the overall goal of FrameDoc to alleviate the aforementioned learning effort by means of explicit knowledge representation and Case-Based Reasoning (CBR), this paper concentrates on the domain analysis process and the acquisition of knowledge about the framework.The proposed model consists of: a domain model, a model of the framework design, and connections between them. Supporting tools for building the model are also described in the paper.
Towards interactive exploration of gene expression patterns (2003)

Analyzing coherent gene expression patterns is an important task in bioinformatics research and biomedical applications. Recently, various clustering methods have been adapted or proposed to identify clusters of co-expressed genes and recognize coherent expression patterns as the centroids of the clusters. However, the interpretation of co-expressed genes and coherent patterns mainly depends on the domain knowledge, which presents several challenges for coherent pattern mining and cannot be solved by most existing clustering approaches.In this paper, we introduce an interactive exploration system GeneX (Gene eXplorer) for mining coherent expression patterns. We develop a novel coherent pattern index graph to provide highly confident indications of the existence of coherent patterns. Typical exploration operations are supported based on the index graph. We also provide a bunch of graphical views as the user interface to visualize the data set and facilitate the interactive operations. To help users to interpret and validate the mining results, we design the gene annotation panel that connects the genes with some public annotation databases. The experimental results show that our approach is more effective than the state-of-the-art methods in mining real gene expression data sets.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN IMPARTING EDUCATION AND EVALUATING STUDENT PERFORMANCE (2019)

Simulation of human intelligence process is made possible with the help of artificial intelligence. The learning, reasoning and self-correction properties are made possible in computer systems. Along with AI, other technologies are combined effectively in order to create remarkable applications. We apply the changing role of AI and its techniques in new educational paradigms to create a personalised teaching-learning environment. Features like recognition, pattern matching, decision making, reasoning, problem solving and so on are applied along with knowledge based system and supervised machine learning for a complete learning and assessment process.
Volumetric-modulated arc therapy with RapidArc®: An evaluation of treatment delivery efficiency (2013)

In this study with a large heterogeneous population, treatments using RapidArc® were delivered with substantially less beam-on time and fewer MUs than conventional fractionation. This was highly advantageous, increasing flexibility of the scheduling allowing treatment of radiosurgery patients during the regular daily work schedule. Additionally, reduction of leakage radiation dose was achieved.
Nematic domain in the sodium lauryl sulfate/water/decanol system (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNematic domain in the sodium lauryl sulfate/water/decanol systemL. Q. Amaral and M. E. Marcondes HeleneCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 21, 6094–6098Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100332a049https://doi.org/10.1021/j100332a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Religious Translation (1956)

In his collection of articles ‘on Englishing the Bible’ Mgr Knox has discussed the literary problems of translation with great thoroughness, shrewdness, and wit. But the translation of religious texts poses what might almost be called a special theological problem that he has not, I think, really considered. It is true he has devoted a whole article to the discussion of the theological contents of the words justice and scandal in the New Testament; and he remarks on the difficulty of dealing with words like grace and faith , which subsequent theological history has given a precision they lack in the Scriptures. But it is just here that he fails to locate the translator’s theological problem in quite the right place. He is concerned with investigating the precise meaning of the word just ice or grace in any given text, and then finding the best way of expressing it in English. That is the literary preoccupation of any translator of any work, sacred or profane. The peculiarity of words in religious contexts is that in the very originals they are translations, of divine realities into human terms. Revelation itself is a work of translation, culminating in the translation of the eternal Word into time-bound flesh. MGR Knox considers all the various meanings that the word tsadiq-dikaios-justus has in the Bible, and concludes quite rightly that no one English word, be it just or righteous , really covers them. But if it comes to that, did the word tsadiq really cover them? The point is that the word’s various theological meanings are constructions by analogy on its social human meanings, and it is important that the analogy should not be lost in translation.
Word Sense Induction & Disambiguation Using Hierarchical Random Graphs (2010)

Graph-based methods have gained attention in many areas of Natural Language Processing (NLP) including Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), text summarization, keyword extraction and others. Most of the work in these areas formulate their problem in a graph-based setting and apply unsupervised graph clustering to obtain a set of clusters. Recent studies suggest that graphs often exhibit a hierarchical structure that goes beyond simple flat clustering. This paper presents an unsupervised method for inferring the hierarchical grouping of the senses of a polysemous word. The inferred hierarchical structures are applied to the problem of word sense disambiguation, where we show that our method performs significantly better than traditional graph-based methods and agglomerative clustering yielding improvements over state-of-the-art WSD systems based on sense induction.
Assembler-Programmierung (1984)

Maschinenbefehle stehen im gleichen Speicher wie die Daten, die sie bearbeiten. Zur Bearbeitung durch die Zentraleinheit müssen die Maschinenbefehle folglich als Zahlen — oder eigentlich Bit-Muster — codiert sein. Beispielsweise entspricht dem Befehl bei einem Perkin-Elmer 32-Bit System im Speicher die dezimale Zahl 1.483.736.064, beziehungsweise das Bit-Muster Es ist ebenso unzumutbar wie unvernünftig, wenn ein Programmierer diese Bit-Muster selbst erzeugen und als Zahlen in den Computer eingeben muß. Die Assembler,1 die ihm diese Arbeit abnehmen, gibt es fast so lange, wie es Computer gibt.
Platelet Adhesiveness to Glass (1979)

Summary 1. When anticoagulated blood is placed in a rotating glass flask, the blood/air interface initiates platelet aggregation, and the aggregates are trapped on the flask wall, without adhering to it, by the thin film of blood which forms during rotation. The interface; allows CO2 loss so that the pH of the rotating blood rises markedly and this rise is associated with the release of 3H-5HT from platelet. When CO2 diffusion and consequent pH rise is prevented, platelet loss and 3H-HT release are significantly reduced. 2. A simple method for assessing the adhesiveness of single platelets to glass using a Neubauer haemocytometer chamber has been developed. The results obtained are independent of platelet number which allows the test to be used in conditions in which abnormal platelet behaviour is associated with a low platelet-count. 3. Adhesiveness was negligible in heparinised PRP, and was greater in EDTA PRP than in citrated PRP. Heparin abolished the increased adhesiveness observed with the other anticoagulants and adhesiveness did not seem to be directly related to residual plasma calcium concentrations. Platelets adhered more readily to siliconised glass surfaces than to untreated glass, and adhesion was markedly temperature-dependent, being maximal at 4°C in heparinised PRP, and at 20° C in EDTA PRP. 4. Adhesiveness was enhanced by aggregating agents, this enhancement being prevented by inhibitors of aggregation such as the dipyridamole analogue VK 774. Adhesiveness was unaffected by acetyl-salicylic acid. 5. Adhesiveness increased markedly after surgical operations and myocardial infarction. Within-person variation was considerable, and the test is of no value in individual patients.
Common Origin of Green Luminescence in Carbon Nanodots and Graphene Quantum Dots (2014)

Carbon nanodots (C-dots) synthesized by electrochemical ablation and small molecule carbonization, as well as graphene quantum dots (GQDs) fabricated by solvothermally cutting graphene oxide, are three kinds of typical green fluorescence carbon nanomaterials. Insight into the photoluminescence origin in these fluorescent carbon nanomaterials is one of the important matters of current debates. Here, a common origin of green luminescence in these C-dots and GQDs is unraveled by ultrafast spectroscopy. According to the change of surface functional groups during surface chemical reduction experiments, which are also accompanied by obvious emission-type transform, these common green luminescence emission centers that emerge in these C-dots and GQDs synthesized by bottom-up and top-down methods are unambiguously assigned to special edge states consisting of several carbon atoms on the edge of carbon backbone and functional groups with C═O (carbonyl and carboxyl groups). Our findings further suggest that the competition among various emission centers (bright edge states) and traps dominates the optical properties of these fluorescent carbon nanomaterials.
Immunity to Experimental Cholera. III. Enhanced Duration of Protection after Sequential Parenteral-Oral Administration of Toxoid to Dogs (1977)

Protection against experimental cholera after immunization with a purified glutaraldehyde toxoid given subcutaneously (sc), orally, or by a combined sc-oral sequence was compared in dogs. The protection induced by toxoid appeared to be entirely due to antitoxin. Repeated sc immunization with precipitated toxoid resulted in 77% protection at two weeks but no protection at four months. Protection after sc immunization correlated with titers of antitoxin in serum and appeared to result entirely from serum-derived antibody. In contrast, immunization by the sc-oral sequence resulted in prolonged protection (74% at two weeks, P=0.04; 100% after four months, P=0.004; and 57% after eight months, P=0.01) that was not related to the low serum antitoxin titers achieved. This sequence was effective only if the oral booster was given in divided doses. Immunization by oral priming and boosting was ineffective. These results suggest that the sc-oral sequence of immunization is an efficient means of stimulating the enteric immune response to nonreplicating protein antigens and may provide an improved approach to immunization against cholera.
Outlook for Remittance Flows 2012-14 : Remittance Flows to Developing Countries Exceed $350 Billion in 2011 (2011)

Officially recorded remittance flows to\n developing countries are estimated to have reached $351\n billion in 2011, up 8 percent over 2010. For the first time\n since the global financial crisis, remittance flows to all\n six developing regions rose in 2011. Growth of remittances\n in 2011 exceeded our earlier expectations in four regions,\n especially in Europe and Central Asia (due to higher outward\n flows from Russia that benefited from high oil prices) and\n Sub-Saharan Africa (due to strong south-south flows and\n weaker currencies in some countries that attracted larger\n remittances). By contrast, growth in remittance flows to\n Latin America and Caribbean was lower than previously\n expected, due to continuing weakness in the U.S. economy and\n Spain. Remittance costs have fallen steadily from 8.8\n percent in 2008 to 7.3 percent in the third quarter of 2011.\n However, remittance costs continue to remain high,\n especially in Africa and in small nations where remittances\n provide a life line to the poor.
A Survey of Techniques for Architecting and Managing GPU Register File (2016)

To support their massively-multithreaded architecture, GPUs use very large register file (RF) which has a capacity higher than even L1 and L2 caches. In total contrast, traditional CPUs use tiny RF and much larger caches to optimize latency. Due to these differences, along with the crucial impact of RF in determining GPU performance, novel and intelligent techniques are required for managing GPU RF. In this paper, we survey the techniques for designing and managing GPU RF. We discuss techniques related to performance, energy and reliability aspects of RF. To emphasize the similarities and differences between the techniques, we classify them along several parameters. The aim of this paper is to synthesize the state-of-art developments in RF management and also stimulate further research in this area.
Abnormal osteogenesis in osteoporotic patients is reflected by altered mesenchymal stem cells dynamics (1999)

Bone marrow contains a population of mesenchymal stem cells with the ability to differentiate into cells that form bone, cartilage, adipose, and other connective tissues. Stem cells can be isolated from bone marrow aspirates and expanded in vitro. Presently, most stem cells studies have been performed in cells obtained from "healthy" control subjects. The goal of this study was to compare the functional characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells derived from "healthy" control and osteoporotic postmenopausal women to better understand the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. Osteoporotic and control stem cells have similar morphology and size and express similar cell surface antigens as evidenced by their reactivity with cell specific monoclonal antibodies. Mesenchymal stem cells from osteoporotic women differ from controls in having a lower growth rate than control cells, being refractory to the mitogenic effect of IGF-1, and exhibiting a deficient ability to differentiate into the osteogenic linage as evidenced by the alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium phosphate deposition. We conclude that in osteoporosis stem cell growth, proliferative response and osteogenic differentiation are significantly affected. Also, the study of mesenchymal stem cells from osteoporotic postmenopausal women may provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the osteoporosis. It may also serve to test in vitro in rapid manner novel new therapeutic strategies.
Synthesis and properties of chitosan‐modified poly(vinyl acetate) (2002)

Abstract A redox initiator, cerium ammonium nitrate, was used to initiate the graft copolymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) onto the chitosan chain in a dispersion polymerization at 60°C. With an addition of 0.5–7.5 g of chitosan based on 50 g of VAc, the monomer conversion was found to be between 70 and 80% after 2 h of reaction. The grafting efficiency increased with the amount of chitosan added; yet, the grafting ratio increased slightly and then decreased. After the reaction, a stable dispersion system was observed and the surface of the latex particles was found to be rich in chitosan. All the experimental results indicated that the chitosan molecules not only took part in the graft copolymerization, but also served as a surfactant, providing the stability of the dispersion particles. If the dispersion aqueous solution was oven‐dried, a particulate membrane was formed. The experimental results indicated that the incorporation of poly(vinyl acetate) to the chitosan chains increased the toughness and decreased the water absorption of the chitosan material. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3057–3063, 2002