gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved adhesion of low-density polyethylene/EVA foams using different surface treatments (2002)

Abstract The adhesion between a polyurethane (PU) adhesive and four foams containing different low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) blends was improved by using different surface treatments. UV-ozone, corona discharge, and low-pressure oxygen plasma treatments for different times were used to increase the surface energy of the foams. The low-pressure oxygen plasma was the most successful surface treatment to promote the adhesion of the foams. A reduced length of treatment was needed to improve the adhesion of the foams containing higher EVA content. The surface treatments produced a noticeable decrease in contact angle values due mainly to the creation of different carbon–oxygen moieties and to the formation of cracks/heterogeneities on the foams surfaces. After oxygen plasma, removal of non-polar material from EVA surfaces allowed to expose acetate groups which are likely to be important for increasing the adhesion of the foams. Keywords: polyolefin foamldpe/eva blendssurface treatmentuv-ozonecorona dischargelow-pressure oxygen plasma
Bending losses in large mode area holey fibres (2004)

The aims of the study presented here are to develop methods of accurately predicting bend loss in arbitrary index fibres, to use these techniques to explore the potential offered by holey fibres in the large-mode-area, single-mode regime, and to place their performance in context against conventional step-index fibres. In the study presented here, numerical and experimental techniques have been developed that are capable of accurately evaluating the bending losses, the fundamental mode area and the modedness of holey fibres. Note that these techniques are also applicable to conventional solid fibres, which is essential in order to form accurate comparisons. These techniques are applied here to the problem of understanding the bending losses of large-mode-area holey fibres and are successfully used to assess the practical limits that bend loss imposes on large-mode-area holey fibres designed for single-mode operation. These properties are also evaluated for a range of equivalent conventional fibres, the results of which are used to benchmark the potential of holey fibre technology in this regime. The results of this study reveal that the performance of large-mode-area holey and conventional fibres at any given wavelength are similar, and that holey fibres offer advantages for broadband applications. Methods of improving bend loss in holey fibres are also investigated, and it is shown that more complex hole arrangements can be used to improve bend loss in a holey fibre.
Rapid Domestication of Marine Species (2007)

Udgivelsesdato: 20. april
Chloration additive du fluorobenzène (1954)

Abstract Nous avons isolé des produits de photochloration du fluorobenzène, un fluoro‐hexachloro‐ et un fluoro‐heptachloro‐cyclohexane. Ce dernier composé, qui s'obtient également par addition de chlore au p‐fluoro‐chlorobenzène, donne, sous l'action du méthylate de sodium, le fluoro‐1‐tétrachloro‐2,3,4,6‐benzène, dont l'atome de fluor est relativement mobile.
The importance of conducting and reporting pilot studies: the example of the Scottish Births Survey (2001)

The pilot raised a number of fundamental issues related to the process of conducting a large-scale survey, including the method of distributing the questionnaire, gaining access to patients, and reliance on 'gatekeepers'. This paper highlights the lessons learned as well as the balancing act of using research methods in the most optimal way under the combined pressure of time, ethical considerations and the influences of stakeholders. Reporting the kinds of practical issues that occur during pilot studies might help others avoid similar pitfalls and mistakes.
The Significance of Samaritan Neumes and Contemporary Practice (1965)

Johanna Spector, The Significance of Samaritan Neumes and Contemporary Practice, Studia Musicologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, T. 7, Fasc. 1/4, The Present Volume Contains the Papers Read at the International Folk Music Council (IFMC) Conference Held in Budapest in August 1964 (1965), pp. 141-153
E‐learning technology, content and services (2001)

Defines e‐learning as the appropriate application of the Internet to support the delivery of learning, skills and knowledge in a holistic approach not limited to any particular courses, technologies, or infrastructures. It considers e‐learning core products of content, technology, and services. The emphasis is upon the importance of integrated learning paths that vary according to the student, the subject material, the level of competence, and corporate or student preferences. Successful implementation of e‐learning requires the same management commitment as other mission‐critical organisation‐wide initiatives. Most of all e‐learning needs to be compelling to the audience it targets, offering the learner a resource that is seen as appealing, valuable and productive to their goals and aspirations.
Interaction of cytochrome c with cytochrome c oxidase studied by monoclonal antibodies and a protein modifying reagent (1992)

C/57 black mice were immunized with beef heart cytochrome c oxidase, generating 48 hybrid cell lines that secrete antibodies against the different subunits of the enzyme. Immunoblot analysis showed reactions with 7 of the 13 subunits. Among the monoclonal antibodies produced, only those to subunit II gave significant inhibition; these inhibited the enzyme activity completely and prevented cytochrome c binding to the enzyme. Epitope mapping studies indicate that a peptide including residues 200-227 reacts with the antibody, suggesting that the C-terminus of the protein is essential for the binding of this antibody. The carboxyl modifying reagent 1-ethyl-3-[3-(trimethylammonio)propyl]carbodiimide (ETC) was chosen to investigate further the relationship between antibody and cytochrome c binding domains. ETC caused 50% inhibition of the enzyme activity with a first-order time during the first 20 min; a slower reaction over 3 h resulted in 90% inhibition. Cytochrome c binding to the oxidase was inhibited to a similar extent as cytochrome c oxidation, and protection against both effects was afforded by the presence of cytochrome c during ETC modification. Anion-exchange of FPLC of the modified forms of cytochrome oxidase revealed extensive inhomogeneity, indicating random derivatization of a number of different carboxyls even during the first-order reaction, and precluding identification of carboxyl residues related to a specific phase of the reaction. Cytochrome c and the subunit II-specific antibody protected against radioactive labeling of subunit II by ETC in the presence of [14C]glycine ethyl ester, demonstrating that the antibody and cytochrome c occupy significant and overlapping areas on the subunit II surface.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Practical aspects of fixatives in high resolution nuclear image analysis (1994)

Three different methods of fixation (ethanol/Carbowax, formaldehyde, and Carnoy) and four different protocols (without Böhm post-fixation on an uncoated slide, and with Böhm post-fixation on Poly-L-Lysine coated slide, an uncoated slide and a previously Papanicolaou stained slide) were evaluated for their application in high resolution image analysis of Feulgen stained nuclei. The aim of the study was to find a combination with the best reproducibility and the least variance under normal laboratory conditions. Care was taken not to exclude any "normal" laboratory variability. The combinations were evaluated for densitometric, geometric, as well as texture features. Selected features were determined on a CAS-100 using the Cell Measurement Program (Cell Analysis Systems, Inc. Lombard, IL). Diploid and tetraploid rat liver nuclei were used. Ethanol/Carbowax fixation-with Böhm post-fixation proved most stable. This fixation method also gave feature values for previously Papanicolaou stained slides that were comparable to direct Feulgen stained nuclei. Acceptable results were achieved with all three fixatives and the various combinations if one adhered strictly to protocol. In routine practice this usually does not happen. Therefore Ethanol/Carbowax fixation with Böhm post-fixation was considered most suited for routine determination of feature values on the CAS-100.
Dissemination of address bindings in multi-substrate overlay networks (2011)

Self-organizing overlay networks have emerged as a new paradigm for providing network services. While most overlay networks are built over a single substrate network (mostly, the Internet), recently the construction of overlay networks over multiple heterogeneous substrate networks has received increased attention. Such networks seek to interconnect mobile or fixed devices using a diverse set of networking modalities. Here, a key challenge arises from the more complex address bindings, where a single logical identifier is bound to multiple substrate addresses. In this paper, we evaluate the design and inherent trade-offs of mechanisms for exchanging information on address bindings in a multi-substrate overlay network. The evaluation is done using measurement experiments of an overlay network software system. The measurement data provides insights into the scalability of dissemination methods. An important finding is that gossip-based address dissemination is less effective than an on-demand dissemination of address bindings.
An Intersubunit Interaction between S4-S5 Linker and S6 Is Responsible for the Slow Off-gating Component in Shaker K+ Channels (2010)

Voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, which is sensed by peripheral, positively charged voltage sensors. The movement of the charged residues in the voltage sensor may be detected as gating currents. In Shaker K(+) channels, the gating currents are asymmetric; although the on-gating currents are fast, the off-gating currents contain a slow component. This slow component is caused by a stabilization of the activated state of the voltage sensor and has been suggested to be linked to ion permeation or C-type inactivation. The molecular determinants responsible for the stabilization, however, remain unknown. Here, we identified an interaction between Arg-394, Glu-395, and Leu-398 on the C termini of the S4-S5 linker and Tyr-485 on the S6 of the neighboring subunit, which is responsible for the development of the slow off-gating component. Mutation of residues involved in this intersubunit interaction modulated the strength of the associated interaction. Impairment of the interaction still led to pore opening but did not exhibit slow gating kinetics. Development of this interaction occurs under physiological ion conduction and is correlated with pore opening. We, thus, suggest that the above residues stabilize the channel in the open state.
THE STRUCTURE OF LICHENIN: SELECTIVE ENZYMOLYSIS STUDIES (1962)

Lichenin, the poly-β-D-glucan of Cetraria islandica (Iceland moss), is found by enzymic degradation to differ in fine structure from the poly-β-D-glucans of cereal grains. Enzymolysis has been carried out with a cellulase and a laminarinase preparation, the former yielding mainly O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-D-glucose, and the latter mainly O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-D-glucose. Di-and tetra-saccharides are produced in small proportions. Steric aspects of these enzymic degradations are discussed. The basis constitution of lichenin is represented by a tetrameric unit in which two adjacent (1 → 4) linkages alternate with an isolated (1 → 3) linkage; occasionally four consecutive monomers are linked by (1 → 4) bonds. The glucans of cereal origin differ mainly in possessing a higher proportion of the latter structural sequence. Despite their close chemical similarity to cellulose, all of these glucans are soluble, a property that appears to be related to the even distribution of β-(1 → 3) bonds along the chains, with a resulting disruption of linear orientation effects.
Paranemic Structures of DNA and their Role in DNA Unwinding (1991)

A DNA structure is defined as paranemic if the participating strands can be separated without mutual rotation of the opposite strands. The experimental methods employed to detect paranemic, unwound, DNA regions is described, including probing by single-strand specific nucleases (SNN), conformation-specific chemical probes, topoisomer analysis, NMR, and other physical methods. The available evidence for the following paranemic structures is surveyed: single-stranded DNA, slippage structures, cruciforms, alternating B-Z regions, triplexes (H-DNA), paranemic duplexes and RNA, protein-stabilized paranemic DNA. The problem of DNA unwinding during gene copying processes is analyzed; the possibility that extended paranemic DNA regions are transiently formed during replication, transcription, and recombination is considered, and the evidence supporting the participation of paranemic DNA forms in genes committed to or undergoing copying processes is summarized.
Cancer stem cells in glioblastoma—molecular signaling and therapeutic targeting (2010)

Glioblastomas (GBMs) are highly lethal primary brain tumors. Despite current therapeutic advances in other solid cancers, the treatment of these malignant gliomas remains essentially palliative. GBMs are extremely resistant to conventional radiation and chemotherapies. We and others have demonstrated that a highly tumorigenic subpopulation of cancer cells called GBM stem cells (GSCs) promotes therapeutic resistance. We also found that GSCs stimulate tumor angiogenesis by expressing elevated levels of VEGF and contribute to tumor growth, which has been translated into a useful therapeutic strategy in the treatment of recurrent or progressive GBMs. Furthermore, stem cell-like cancer cells (cancer stem cells) have been shown to promote metastasis. Although GBMs rarely metastasize beyond the central nervous system, these highly infiltrative cancers often invade into normal brain tissues preventing surgical resection, and GSCs display an aggressive invasive phenotype. These studies suggest that targeting GSCs may effectively reduce tumor recurrence and significantly improve GBM treatment. Recent studies indicate that cancer stem cells share core signaling pathways with normal somatic or embryonic stem cells, but also display critical distinctions that provide important clues into useful therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the current understanding and advances in glioma stem cell research, and discuss potential targeting strategies for future development of anti-GSC therapies.
Entity ranking in Wikipedia (2008)

The traditional entity extraction problem lies in the ability of extracting named entities from plain text using natural language processing techniques and intensive training from large document collections. Examples of named entities include organisations, people, locations, or dates. There are many research activities involving named entities; we are interested in entity ranking in the field of information retrieval. In this paper, we describe our approach to identifying and ranking entities from the INEX Wikipedia document collection. Wikipedia offers a number of interesting features for entity identification and ranking that we first introduce. We then describe the principles and the architecture of our entity ranking system, and introduce our methodology for evaluation. Our preliminary results show that the use of categories and the link structure of Wikipedia, together with entity examples, can significantly improve retrieval effectiveness.
<i>Tri13</i> and <i>Tri7</i> Determine Deoxynivalenol- and Nivalenol-Producing Chemotypes of <i>Gibberella zeae</i> (2002)

Gibberella zeae, a major cause of cereal scab, can be divided into two chemotypes based on production of the 8-ketotrichothecenes deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV). We cloned and sequenced a Tri13 homolog from each chemotype. The Tri13 from a NIV chemotype strain (88-1) is located in the trichothecene gene cluster and carries an open reading frame similar to that of Fusarium sporotrichioides, whereas the Tri13 from a DON chemotype strain (H-11) carries several mutations. To confirm the roles of the Tri13 and Tri7 genes in trichothecene production by G. zeae, we genetically altered toxin production in 88-1 and H-11. In transgenic strains, the targeted deletion of Tri13 from the genome of 88-1 caused production of DON rather than NIV. Heterologous expression of the 88-1 Tri13 gene alone or in combination with the 88-1 Tri7 gene conferred on H-11 the ability to synthesize NIV; in the latter case, 4-acetylnivalenol (4-ANIV) also was produced. These results suggest that Tri13 and Tri7 are required for oxygenation and acetylation of the oxygen at C-4 during synthesis of NIV and 4-ANIV in G. zeae. These functional analyses of the Tri13 and Tri7 genes provide the first clear evidence for the genetic basis of the DON and NIV chemotypes in G. zeae.
Positioning and SIDS (1992)

SUMMARY STATEMENT Based on careful evaluation of existing data indicating an association between Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and prone sleeping position for infants, the Academy recommends that healthy infants, when being put down for sleep, be positioned on their side or back. The most common position currently used in the United States is prone. This recommendation is made with the full recognition that the existing studies have methodologic limitations and were conducted in countries with infant care practices and other SIDS risk factors that differ from those in the United States (eg, maternal smoking, types of bedding, central heating, etc). However, taken as a group the studies are convincing. No reports show an advantage to the prone position with regard to SIDS incidence and there are no data proving, or even strongly suggesting, that sleeping in the lateral or supine position is harmful to healthy infants. Thus, assessment of the risk/benefit balance for prone vs nonprone positioning for such infants favors the latter. It should be stressed that, the actual risk of SIDS for an infant placed prone is still extremely low. There are still good reasons for placing certain infants prone. For premature infants with respiratory distress, for infants with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux or with certain upper airway anomalies, and perhaps for some others, prone may well be the position of choice. A nonprone sleeping position is recommended for healthy infants only. REPORT Health care professionals frequently are asked how it is best to place an infant down for sleep, prone or supine.
Bayesian Inference with Engineered Likelihood Functions for Robust Amplitude Estimation (2020)

The number of measurements demanded by hybrid quantum-classical algorithms such as the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is prohibitively high for many problems of practical value. Quantum algorithms that reduce this cost (e.g. quantum amplitude and phase estimation) require error rates that are too low for near-term implementation. Here we propose methods that take advantage of the available quantum coherence to maximally enhance the power of sampling on noisy quantum devices, reducing measurement number and runtime compared to VQE. Our scheme derives inspiration from quantum metrology, phase estimation, and the more recent alpha-VQE proposal, arriving at a general formulation that is robust to error and does not require ancilla qubits. The central object of this method is what we call the engineered likelihood function (ELF), used for carrying out Bayesian inference. We show how the ELF formalism enhances the rate of information gain in sampling as the physical hardware transitions from the regime of noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers into that of quantum error corrected ones. This technique speeds up a central component of many quantum algorithms, with applications including chemistry, materials, finance, and beyond. Similar to VQE, we expect small-scale implementations to be realizable on today's quantum devices.
Hybrid Hand-Eye Coordination with a Single Stationary Camera (1996)

Systems that use visual information for manipulator control usually fall into one of two groups: Classical open-loop methods which localise objects in video images and then guide the robot accordingly, or visual servo systems that close the control loop with a continuous feedback of visual information. We propose a hybrid hand-eye system that combines both methods in such a way that the required accuracy of the subsystems can be reduced, an approach which is inspired by the human &quot;hand-eye system&quot;. 1 Introduction In the last years, using sensor information to control robots has become a very popular field of research, as it promises to lead to the design of autonomous robots, which, in contrast to their preprogrammed industrial counterparts, can deal with &quot;the unexpected&quot;, for example obstacles or misplaced objects. This is especially important for &quot;personal robots&quot; that operate in the everyday world, that cannot and should not be adapted to the needs of machines. When it comes to se...
Code Generation of an XForms Client for Service Integration (2008)

A Web service integrating mobile client applications requires a complex user interface, which usually consists of more than one view. Moreover, it should provide a way to navigate between the views. In this paper, we presented a formal way to analyze a set of views for a given service specification, and a model for the relationship between views and methods. We then provided an algorithm to generate codes for service method calls and navigation between views. Therefore, with an optional user configuration input, we could almost instantly generate XForms codes from the Web service specifications. Finally, we developed a proof-of-concept implementation of an XForms-based service architecture, to show that the generated code works well as an interface for Web service integrations.
TEORÍA. MÉTODO, ÁNÁLISIS DE FOURIER y ERROR DEL MUESTREO POR DESFASE (2007)

A new sampling theory is presented for periodic and non-periodic signals of finite duration, and it is postulated anddemonstrated the sampling off-set theorem and lhe generalized sampling off-set theorem. Also, the off-set samplingtechnique is presented, its Fourier's analysis, an error analysis due to an uncertainty in the frequency ofthe periodicsignal, lhe simulation results and a practical application of this technique.\n
“The Machines Don’t Lie”: A Study of the Social Production of Mechanization in the Determination of Voter Intent (2014)

Because election results are the essential measure of the popular will in liberal democracies, accurate determination of voter intent is a necessary pre-requisite since “what [N] does is not simply make a mark on a piece of paper; he [sic] is casting a vote” (Peter Winch). If every vote counts, then every valid vote must be counted – which means seeing the mark on the paper as intentional action. But, electronic voting systems are increasingly used in Canada. Given the operational vagaries of the use of such machines, the paper asks: How is voter intent mechanically achieved as a practical, social accomplishment of the human beings charged with working the machines and counting the votes? The paper then reports a case study of the tallying of ballots in one municipality in a recent Ontario municipal election where the official result between the two top candidates was a difference of one vote. It focuses on the social production of mechanical consistency in the determination of voter intent during the recount process.