gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Standing for healthier lives—literally: Figure 1 (2015)

This editorial refers to ‘Replacing sitting time with standing or stepping: associations with cardio-metabolic risk biomarkers’[†][1], by G.N. Healy et al ., on page 2643. 

Since the original study by Morris in 19531 showing that bus conductors in London experienced less coronary heart disease and mortality than bus drivers who would be sitting most of the time, there has been a large body of evidence proving the health benefits of physical activity.2 Numerous studies have shown that physical activity reduces total mortality, cardiovascular events, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and several types of cancer. Over time, most of the research in the field focused on the health benefits of moderate to vigorous physical activity and, specifically, on the role of aerobic exercise in preventing cardiovascular events and death. All this has resulted in guidelines from federal agencies and scientific organizations recommending frequent moderate to vigorous physical activity.3 More recently, research studies have tested the role of sedentary behaviour, the counterpart of physical activity, as a major cardiovascular risk factor. Sedentary behaviour includes activities that require <1.5 METs (metabolic equivalents) of physical effort such as sitting, using a computer, watching television, driving, etc. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that sedentary behaviour, particularly prolonged sitting, increases total and cardiovascular mortality even in individuals who meet the recommended goals of weekly physical activity.4,5 More recent studies, assessing the association between sedentary lifestyle and health, highlight the possible role of standing (vs. sitting) to prevent obesity and metabolic dysregulation.6

Research studies showing the harmful effects of sedentary behaviour beyond regular physical activity and exercise have carefully followed statistical procedures to reach those …

 [1]: #fn-2
Uses of topiramate in the treatment of alcohol dependence (2004)

Alcohol dependence is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA and throughout the world. Over the last 10 years there has been an intense interest in developing pharmacotherapies that address the neurochemistry of alcohol dependence. Using a novel pharmacological approach to treating alcohol dependence, topiramate (Topamax, Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical) has recently been shown to improve the drinking outcomes of alcohol-dependent individuals. This drug profile highlights the scientific concepts and clinical evidence in the development of topiramate for treating alcohol dependence.
Effect of the deformation zone on the structure refinement in metals (2007)

Structure refinement in pure metals has been considered on the base of the concept of large deformations [1] with allowance for the role of intracrystallite and intercrystallite components. The effect of a parameter expressed as the ratio of the area of the deformation zone surface to its volume on the deformation mechanisms and the level of structure refinement has been demonstrated. A model of structure refinement in metals during cold deformation has been proposed.
Magnetic field line Hamiltonian (1985)

The basic properties of the Hamiltonian representation of magnetic fields in canonical form are reviewed. The theory of canonical magnetic perturbation theory is then developed and applied to the time evolution of a magnetic field embedded in a toroidal plasma. Finally, the extension of the energy principle to tearing modes, utilizing the magnetic field line Hamiltonian, is outlined.
Paradise lost (2018)

The historical period is framed chronologically by two significant crises: the dynastic crisis at the turn of the century, known as the Time of Troubles, and the religious conflict known as the Schism starting from the 1660s. Literature closely reflects the gradual disintegration of the narrative of Holy Russia from paradise to paradise lost, and responds in a number of ways. Tales and historical narratives treat the Time of Troubles and its aftermath, when famine and the impoverishment of the monasteries swept through Russia. Poetic songs, mostly Christian in content and reflecting the survival of pagan faith, are examined in a case study. The continued production of saints’ lives and vision tales captures uncertainty as personal experience, played out in the literature of the Schism of the 1660s–80s, most notably works of autobiography written by Old Believers: the autobiography of the Archpriest Avvakum is a masterpiece of the genre.
Fault Classification Using Pseudomodal Energies and Neural Networks (2003)

A new fault identie cation method is introduced that uses pseudomodal energies to train neural networks. The proposed procedure is tested on a simulated cantilevered beam and a population of 20 cylindrical shells, and its performance is compared to that of the procedure that uses modal properties to train neural networks. Both the cantilevered beam and cylindrical shells are divided into three substructures, and faults are introduced into these substructures. The cylinder is excited using modal hammer, and acceleration is measured using an accelerometer. Each fault case is assigned a fault identity with the presence of fault represented by a 1, whereas the absence of fault is represented by a 0. Following this fault representation scheme, a fault located in substructure 1 would have an identity of [1 0 0], with two zeros indicating the absence of faults in substructures 2 and 3. The neural network used is a multilayer perceptron trained using scaled conjugatemethod. The statistical overlap factor and principal component analysis are used to reduce the size of the input data. For both examples the pseudomodal-energytrained neural networks provide better classie cation of faults than the networks trained using the conventional modal properties. Nomenclature aq = lower frequency bounds for qth pseudomodal energy bq = upper frequency bounds for qth pseudomodal energy [C] = damping matrix d[≤]
Nearly Complete Genome Sequence of a Human Norovirus GII.P17-GII.17 Strain Isolated from Brazil in 2015 (2019)

Human noroviruses are the most common cause of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis worldwide. We report here the nearly complete genome sequence (7,551 nucleotides) of a human norovirus GII.P17-GII.17 strain detected in July 2015 in the stool sample from an adult with acute gastroenteritis in Brazil.
The immune response to primary moloney sarcoma virus tumors in BALB/C mice: Cellular and humoral activity of long‐term regressors (1974)

Abstract Adult BALB/c mice injected with Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV) developed local tumors at the site of inoculation which spontaneously regressed within 20–25 days after injection. Lymphocytes and sera from long‐term regressor animals were examined for their specific activities in vitro against Moloney leukemia virus (MLV) determined antigen (s). Specific activity against the MLV‐positive target cells by the lymphocytes from these animals was found to be dependent on the presence of B lymphocytes. In order to investigate some of the possible mechanisms of action of the immune B cells, sera, which were characterized by complement‐dependent cytotoxicity, immunofluorescence and virus neutralization, were tested for their ability to stimulate normal syngeneic lymphocytes to be active against the target cells. These antisera placed on the target cells were found to stimulate normal unfractionated or T deprived cells to reduce the target‐cell numbers. This effect was not found with normal T lymphocytes. Time‐course kinetics of this antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated activity in vitro were defined.
Real-time Traffic Monitoring and Automated Response with Wireless Sensor Networks (2005)

Transportation authorities have long relied on human operators to continuously monitor a large number of video cameras installed along major highways, to enhance road safety and minimize the impacts of abrupt traffic conditions,. As abnormal conditions are detected, the operators must resolve them by dispatching human response teams, rerouting upcoming traffic, and re-timing traffic signals. These tasks exert enormous stress and responsibilities on the operators and are prone to reliability concerns. In this paper, we propose a real-time traffic monitoring and automated response methodology utilizing wireless sensor networks. By deploying a network of wirelessly communicating traffic sensors and controllers, the network monitors traffic in a distributed yet collaborative fashion in reporting and resolving detected events. To effectively plan, deploy, and operate such a network in a selected traffic management area, the paper presents hierarchical wireless sensor network architecture and outlines design procedures for optimal sensor and controller placement, network communication methods for real-time operations, and measures for performance evaluation.
Nano-Mechanical Properties of Human Meniscal Surfaces (2011)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a crippling disease in humans that deteriorates the articular cartilage (AC) and subchondral bone. Research has shown AC preservation is most important for halting the initiation of OA, in the human knee joint, and this defense is contingent on the structural integrity of the menisci [1, 2]. The menisci are fibrocartilaginous structures which are crucial for proper load distribution in the knee [3–5]. The menisci are specifically designed to fit the contour of the femoral condyles, aiding to disperse the stresses on the tibial plateau and in turn safeguarding the underlying AC. Circumferentially aligned collagen fibers help to support the menisci while in tension, while a proteoglycan and water matrix reinforce the menisci during compressive loads [2, 6].
Good quality white‐light transurethral resection of bladder tumours (GQ‐WLTURBT) with experienced surgeons performing complete resections and obtaining detrusor muscle reduces early recurrence in new non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: validation across time and place and recommendation for benchmarking (2011)

Detrusor muscle status at the first, apparently complete, TURBT and surgeon's experience independently predict the quality of TURBT. • Documented complete resection by experienced surgeons with DM presence (good quality white-light TURBT) should be considered a benchmark for white-light TURBT in NMIBC.
Aqueous Solubility Studies of Muscovite: Apparent Nonstoichiometric Solute Activities at Equilibrium (1979)

Abstract Solubility studies were conducted on three different muscovites. The experiments were designed to conform with a number of well‐established criteria for studying the equilibrium solubility of sparingly soluble compounds. The compositions of the aqueous phase in contact with mixtures of muscovite and a synthetic gibbsite of known solubility, were monitored for over a period of 2 years. At the start of the experiments, the solid phases were characterized by various techniques such as chemical analysis, optical microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. The solids present at the end of the experiments were also examined. Free ion activities and activity ratios were computed from the measured total concentrations of various solutes. The attainment of equilibrium between the solid phases and the solution phase were established by rigorous chemical criteria. Analysis of the equilibrium solubility data indicated that the observed solute activity ratios were incompatible with the dissolution reaction based on the original chemical composition of muscovite. The stoichiometry of the muscovite phase was derived from solution equilibria and the standard free energy of formation of this phase was calculated to be −5501.1 kJ/mol.
First <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> Genotyping Analysis in France: Identification of a Strain Cluster with Reduced Susceptibility to Ceftriaxone (2009)

Sexually transmitted infections are a major public health problem in France and other European countries. Particularly, surveillance data about Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections have clearly indicated an increase in the incidence of gonorrhoea in France in 2006. The French laboratories participated on voluntary basis in the RENAGO (Réseau National du Gonocoque) network and sent all of their collected strains to the National Reference Center for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In this first French molecular epidemiological study, 93 isolates collected in 2006 and representative of the French gonorrhoea epidemiology were selected. Antibiotic susceptibility to six antibiotics was determined, and serotyping and N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) were performed. NG-MAST identified 53 sequence types (STs), of which 13 STs contained 2 to 16 isolates. The major STs identified in France were previously described elsewhere. However, two newly described STs, ST1479 and ST1987, had only been found in France until now. ST1479 was characterized by a multiple-resistance phenotype, whereas ST1987 presented a susceptibility phenotype. Moreover, among the predominant French STs, ST225, which had already been described in many countries, comprised isolates (14/16) resistant to ciprofloxacin and with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone. Thus, the surveillance of resistance to antibiotics is a priority in order to adapt treatment and decrease the transmission of resistant strains. Of note, no predominant ST was identified among rectal isolates from men who have sex with men.
Effects of hardness on decoction of Chinese medicine (2003)

Patients with primary microtropia could be largely classified into those with the absence of TNO stereoacuity throughout the course of treatment and those with some levels of stereoacuity that had a chance to improve during the follow-up.
Auctions Versus Negotiations in Procurement: An Empirical Analysis (2008)

Should the buyer of a customized good use competitive bidding or negotiation to select a contractor? To shed light on this question, we consider several possible determinants that may influence the choice of auctions versus negotiations. We then examine a comprehensive data set of private sector building contracts awarded in Northern California during the years 1995--2000. The analysis suggests a number of possible limitations to the use of auctions. Auctions may perform poorly when projects are complex, contractual design is incomplete, and there are few available bidders. Furthermore, auctions may stifle communication between buyers and sellers, preventing the buyer from utilizing the contractor's expertise when designing the project. Some implications of these results for procurement in the public sector are discussed (JEL D23, D82, H57, L14, L22, L74). The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Yale University. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org, Oxford University Press.
Formation of an unstable dinitrogen complex of ruthenium(II) (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of an unstable dinitrogen complex of ruthenium(II)Leon A. P. Kane-Maguire, Peter S. Sheridan, Fred Basolo, and Ralph G. PearsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 19, 5295–5296Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01021a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01021a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views186Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Fused and Substituted 2‐Aminopyridines from β‐Halo α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes. (2015)

Abstract The halogen substituent in the title reaction can be both Br and Cl, but the former gives the products with higher yields.
Deletion of calcineurin from GFAP-expressing astrocytes impairs excitability of cerebellar and hippocampal neurons through astroglial Na <sup>+</sup> /K <sup>+</sup> ATPase (2019)

ABSTRACT Astrocytes perform important housekeeping functions in the nervous system including maintenance of adequate neuronal excitability, although the regulatory mechanisms are currently poorly understood. The astrocytic Ca 2+ /calmodulin-activated phosphatase calcineurin (CaN) is implicated in the development of reactive gliosis and neuroinflammation, but its roles, including the control of neuronal excitability, in healthy brain is unknown. We have generated a mouse line with conditional knockout (KO) of CaN B1 (CaNB1) in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing astrocytes ( a stroglial c alci n eurin k nock- o ut, ACN-KO). Here we report that postnatal and astrocyte-specific ablation of CaNB1 did not alter normal growth and development as well as adult neurogenesis. Yet, we found that specific deletion of astrocytic CaN selectively impairs intrinsic neuronal excitability in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and cerebellar granule cells (CGCs). This impairment was associated with a decrease in after-hyperpolarization in CGC, while passive properties were unchanged, suggesting impairment of K + homeostasis. Indeed, blockade of Na + /K + -ATPase (NKA) with ouabain phenocopied the electrophysiological alterations observed in ACN-KO CGCs. In addition, NKA activity was significantly lower in cerebellar and hippocampal lysates and in pure astrocytic cultures from ACN-KO mice. While no changes were found in protein levels, NKA activity was inhibited by the specific CaN inhibitor FK506 in both cerebellar lysates and primary astroglia from control mice, suggesting that CaN directly modulates NKA activity and in this manner controls neuronal excitability. In summary, our data provide formal evidence for the notion that astroglia is fundamental for controlling basic neuronal functions and place CaN center-stage as an astrocytic Ca 2+ -sensitive switch.
Endoscopic CO<sub>2</sub> laser cricopharyngeal myotomy (2008)

Endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy is a viable alternative to classic transcervical cricopharyngeal myotomy with equivalent outcomes and comparable if not less morbidity.
Flexomer Resins-Another Class of Polyolefins for Film Extrusion (1991)

Flexome™ resins represent a new family of polyolefins which exhibit a combination of properties heretofore unavailable. The properties of these resins and some of their blends are given and then compared to more es tablished resins such as linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), a high pressure produced low density polyethylene (LDPE) and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA). It is shown that a good balance of overall toughness, tensile strength and low temperature properties can be obtained, especially when copolymers with high-alpha olefins (HAO) are employed. Selected film fabrica tion effects are reviewed and certain end-uses are suggested based on the prop erty balance obtained with these resins.
Photochemistry of meta-substituted and para-substituted aromatic polycarbonyl compounds (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry of meta-substituted and para-substituted aromatic polycarbonyl compoundsYoshikatsu Ito, Nobuhiro Kawatsuki, Brij Pal Giri, Masahiro Yoshida, and Teruo MatsuuraCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 16, 2893–2904Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00216a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00216a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views554Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Graph Colouring as a Challenge Problem for Dynamic Graph Processing on Distributed Systems (2016)

An unprecedented growth in data generation is taking place. Data about larger dynamic systems is being accumulated, capturing finer granularity events, and thus processing requirements are increasingly approaching real-time. To keep up, data-analytics pipelines need to be viable at massive scale, and switch away from static, offline scenarios to support fully online analysis of dynamic systems. This paper uses a challenge problem, graph colouring, to explore massive-scale analytics for dynamic graph processing. We present an event-based infrastructure, and a novel, online, distributed graph colouring algorithm. Our implementation for colouring static graphs, used as a performance baseline, is up to an order of magnitude faster than previous results and handles massive graphs with over 257 billion edges. Our framework supports dynamic graph colouring with performance at large scale better than GraphLab's static analysis. Our experience indicates that online solutions are feasible, and can be more efficient than those based on snapshotting.
Recent developments in the foam OTEC system (1979)

In the foam open cycle OTEC system warm water literally lifts itself several hundred feet. In preliminary experiments the foam behavior seemed to depend in a capricious manner upon the temperature of the incoming water, the pressure of the spray condenser, and the foam mass flow rate. Through a combination of analysis and experiment we have developed an equation which governs the steady state rise of a foam column. This equation correctly predicts the effects upon the foam behavior of all controllable parameters. These parameters include, in addition to these mentioned above, the diameter and height of the foam column. It is shown that foam generated in an appropriate manner flows laminarly rather than turbulently, and has a well defined drag function. This drag function decreases as the inverse square of the column diameter.