gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calcium-stimulated Cl<sup>−</sup>secretion in Calu-3 human airway cells requires CFTR (1997)

Human airway serous cells secrete antibiotic-rich fluid, but, in cystic fibrosis (CF), Cl(-)-dependent fluid secretion is impaired by defects in CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channels. Typically, CF disrupts adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated Cl- secretion but spares Ca(2+)-mediated secretion. However, in CF airway glands, Ca(2+)-mediated secretion is also greatly reduced. To determine the basis of Ca(2+)-mediated Cl- secretion in serous cells, we used thapsigargin to elevate intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in Calu-3 cells, an airway cell line bearing some similarities to serous cells. Cells were cultured using conventional and air interface methods. Short-circuit current (Isc) and transepithelial conductance (Gte) were measured in confluent cell layers. Thapsigargin stimulated large, sustained changes (delta) in Isc and Gte, whereas forskolin stimulated variable and smaller increases. delta Isc was decreased by basolateral bumetanide, quinidine, barium, or diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPAC) but was unaffected by high apical concentrations of 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), 4,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, and calixarene. Isc was measured after permeabilizing the basolateral membrane and establishing transmembrane ion gradients. Unstimulated apical membranes displayed high Cl- conductance (GCl) that was decreased by DPAC but not by DIDS. Apical GCl could be increased by elevating intracellular cAMP concentration but not [Ca2+]i. We conclude that CFTR channels are the exclusive GCl pathway in the apical membrane and display approximately 60% of maximum conductance at rest. Thus elevated [Ca2+]i increases K+ conductance to force Cl- through open CFTR channels. We hypothesize that loss of CFTR channels causes diminution of cholinergically mediated gland secretions in CF.
Multiple Reservoirs Contribute to Intraoperative Bacterial Transmission (2012)

Bacterial contamination of patients, provider hands, and the environment contributes to stopcock transmission events, but the surrounding patient environment is the most likely source. Stopcock contamination is associated with increased patient mortality. Patient and provider bacterial reservoirs contribute to 30-day postoperative infections. Multimodal programs designed to target each of these reservoirs in parallel should be studied intensely as a comprehensive approach to reducing intraoperative bacterial transmission.
Density functional theory and quantum computation (2009)

This paper establishes the applicability of density functional theory methods to quantum computing systems. We show that ground state and time-dependent density functional theory can be applied to quantum computing systems by proving the Hohenberg-Kohn and Runge-Gross theorems for a fermionic representation of an $N$ qubit system. As a first demonstration of this approach, time-dependent density functional theory is used to determine the minimum energy gap $\ensuremath{\Delta}(N)$ arising when the quantum adiabatic evolution algorithm is used to solve instances of the nondeterministic-polynomial-complete problem MAXCUT. It is known that the computational efficiency of this algorithm is largely determined by the large-$N$ scaling behavior of $\ensuremath{\Delta}(N)$, and so determining this behavior is of fundamental significance. As density functional theory has been used to study quantum systems with $N\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{3}$ interacting degrees of freedom, the approach introduced in this paper raises the realistic prospect of evaluating the gap $\ensuremath{\Delta}(N)$ for systems with $N\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{3}$ qubits. Although the calculation of $\ensuremath{\Delta}(N)$ serves to illustrate how density functional theory methods can be applied to problems in quantum computing, the approach has a much broader range and shows promise as a means for determining the properties of very large quantum computing systems.
Intrinsic Sol−Gel Clad Fiber-Optic Sensors with Time-Resolved Detection (1996)

Sol−gel clad fiber-optic waveguides are investigated as intrinsic distributed fiber-optic chemical sensors. The porous sol−gel cladding allows diffusion of analytes into the evanescent field region close to the fiber-optic core. Pulsed optical excitation (0.5 ns) and time-resolved emission detection can be used to simultaneously monitor several multiplexed sensor clad regions along a single optical fiber. Time-resolved detection is also demonstrated as a means of resolving both the spatial location and the fluorescence kinetics of intrinsic sensor chromophores along the fiber-optic waveguide. Narrow band excitation and spectrally resolved emission provide additional experimental means for discriminating between specific sensor clad regions. A fluorescein-doped silica xerogel clad pH sensor and an undoped aluminosilica xerogel clad quinone sensor are demonstrated as intrinsic sol−gel clad fiber-optic sensors.
Monitoring the Dynamics of T Cell Clonal Diversity Using Recombinant Peptide:MHC Technology (2013)

The capacity to probe antigen specific T cells within the polyclonal repertoire has been revolutionized by the advent of recombinant peptide:MHC (pMHC) technology. Monomers and multimers of pMHC molecules can enrich for and identify antigen specific T cells to elucidate the contributions of T cell frequency, localization, and T cell receptor (TCR) affinity during immune responses. Two-dimensional (2D) measurements of TCR-pMHC interactions are at the forefront of this field because the biological topography is replicated such that TCR and pMHC are membrane anchored on opposing cells, allowing for biologically pertinent measures of TCR antigen specificity and diversity. 2D measurements of TCR-pMHC kinetics have also demonstrated increased fidelity compared to three-dimensional surface plasmon resonance data and are capable of detecting T cell affinities that are below the detection level of most pMHC multimers. Importantly, 2D techniques provide a platform to evaluate T cell affinity and antigen specificity against multiple protein epitopes within the polyclonal repertoire directly ex vivo from sites of ongoing immune responses. This review will discuss how antigen specific pMHC molecules, with a focus on 2D technologies, can be used as effective tools to evaluate the range of TCR affinities that comprise an immune response and more importantly how the breadth of affinities determine functional outcome against a given exposure to antigen.
MC-207110 Daiichi Seiyaku/Microcide Pharmaceuticals. (2001)

Microcide and Daiichi are collaborating on the discovery of new bacterial efflux pump inhibitorsfor the treatment of drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacterial infections. The bacterial efflux pump technology program focuses on Gram-negative bacteria that have developed antibiotic resistance by means of the efflux pump [192681], [341408]. MC-207110 was the initial screening hitfrom Microcide's library and is a low molecular weight dipeptide amide, which shows minimal antibacterial activity but potentiated the activity of levofloxacin by 8-fold at 10 microg/ml. This lead is being optimized to improve on its biological and pharmacological profile [341183]. Optimization studies have been conducted on MC-207110, yielding a class of broad-spectrum efflux pump inhibitors for P aeruginosa. A member of this class has demonstrated in vivo activity against P aeruginosa in a murine neutropenic thigh model [351686].
A new OLAP aggregation based on the AHC technique (2004)

Nowadays, decision support systems are evolving in order to handle complex data. Some recent works have shown the interest of combining on-line analysis processing (OLAP) and data mining. We think that coupling OLAP and data mining would provide excellent solutions to treat complex data. To do that, we propose an enhanced OLAP operator based on the agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). The here proposed operator, called <i>OpAC</i> (Operator for Aggregation by Clustering) is able to provide significant aggregates of facts refereed to complex objects. We complete this operator with a tool allowing the user to evaluate the best partition from the AHC results corresponding to the most interesting aggregates of facts.
Specific Immunotherapy in Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review (2016)

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer. Several approaches of active and passive immunotherapy for EOC have been studied. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the clinical efficacy of specific immunotherapy in patients with EOC. We found 4524 references in seven databases and we included ten controlled clinical trials with 2285 patients with EOC reporting five active immunotherapeutic agents and three passive immunotherapies. Meta-analysis of six studies showed that overall there was not any significant difference in overall survival and recurrence-free survival between patients undergoing specific immunotherapy and those in control group. Most of the studies we evaluated reported a positive outcome from treatment with specific immunotherapy, although this was not significant.
The Influence of Urinary Incontinence on the Quality of Life of Elderly Women (1993)

The quality of life assessed by the Nottingham Health Profile Questionnaire was compared in a group of women (n = 120) suffering from urinary incontinence (age 75.4 +/- 1.9, range 65-84 years) and an age-matched representative sample of the total population (n = 313). There were no significant differences between the two groups of women in occurrence of other illnesses or social characteristics. Women suffering from urinary incontinence obtained higher scores in the domains of emotional disturbances (p < 0.05) and social isolation (p < 0.001) than women from the control group. When subdividing the incontinent women by type of incontinence it was found that women suffering from urge and mixed incontinence reported emotional disturbances (p < 0.05) more than women from the control group. There was, however, no difference within the domain of emotional disturbances between stress-incontinent women and the control group. Women suffering from urge incontinence reported more disturbance of sleep (p < 0.05) than the control group. Women suffering from all types of urinary incontinence (p < 0.05) were socially more isolated than those from the age-matched group of women from the total population. Urinary incontinence in women has a detrimental effect on their daily lives and causes them to avoid social contacts.
EL PROYECTO TEMPLO MAYOR: UN NUEVO CAPITULO DE LA HISTORIA DE LA CULTURA MEXICA (1987)

EN 1978 UN HECHO FORTUITO ABRIO UN NUEVO CAPITULO DE LA HISTORIA DE LA CULTURA MEXICA. DESENTRANADA DE LA TIERRA Y EL OLVIDO SURGIO LA COYOLXAUHQUI, DIOSA DE LA LUNA.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: morphological, biochemical and serological characteristics of Quebec isolates associated with acute and chronic outbreaks of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. (1994)

Cytolytic and noncytolytic strains of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were isolated in primary cultures of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) from lung homogenates of stillborn fetuses or blood samples of dyspneic piglets collected from Quebec pig farms having experienced acute or chronic outbreaks of PRRS. Serological identification of the virus was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence and indirect protein A-gold immunoelectron microscopy using reference antiserum prepared from experimentally-infected specific pathogen free (SPF) piglets and monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) directed against the p15 nucleocapsid (N) protein of the reference ATCC-VR2332 isolate. Intracytoplasmic enveloped viral particles that tended to accumulate into cytoplasmic vesicles were observed in the infected PAM; no budding was demonstrated at the level of the cytoplasmic membrane. The extracellular virions appeared as pleomorphic but mostly spherical enveloped particles, 50-72 nm in diameter (averaged diameter of 50 particles was 58.3 nm), with an isometric core about 25-30 nm. Buoyant density of the virus in CsCL density gradients was estimated to 1.18-1.20 g/mL. No hemagglutinating activity was demonstrated. Analysis of semipurified virions of isolate IAF-exp91 by radioimmunoprecipitation (RIPA) and Western immunoblotting experiments, using reference rabbit and porcine hyperimmune sera, revealed four major viral proteins, a predominant 15 kD N protein and three other proteins with predicted M(r_ of 19, 26 and 42 kD. Progeny viral particles produced in PRRSV-infected PAM in the presence of tunicamycin lacked the 42 kD protein, thus confirming its N-glycosylated nature. Immunoprecipitation experiments using the anti-ATCC-VR2332 MoAbs confirmed the close antigenic relationships between Quebec and American reference isolates of PRRSV.
Midazolam and triazolam biotransformation in mouse and human liver microsomes: relative contribution of CYP3A and CYP2C isoforms. (2000)

Midazolam (MDZ) and triazolam (TRZ) hydroxylation, reactions considered to be cytochrome P-4503A (CYP3A)-mediated in humans, were examined in mouse and human liver microsomes. In both species, alpha- and 4-hydroxy metabolites were the principal products. Western blotting with anti-CYP3A1 antibody detected a single band of immunoreactive protein in both human and mouse samples: 0.45 +/- 0. 12 and 2.02 +/- 0.24 pmol/mg protein (mean +/- S.E., n = 3), respectively. Ketoconazole potently inhibited MDZ and TRZ metabolite formation in human liver microsomes (IC(50) range, 0.038-0.049 microM). Ketoconazole also inhibited the formation of both TRZ metabolites and of 4-OH-MDZ formation in mouse liver microsomes (IC(50) range, 0.0076-0.025 microM). However, ketoconazole (10 microM) did not produce 50% inhibition of alpha-OH-MDZ formation in mouse liver microsomes. Anti-CYP3A1 antibodies produced concentration-dependent inhibition of MDZ and TRZ metabolite formation in human liver microsomes and of TRZ metabolite and 4-OH-MDZ formation in mouse liver microsomes to less than 20% of control values but reduced alpha-OH-MDZ formation to only 66% of control values in mouse liver microsomes. Anti-CYP2C11 antibodies inhibited alpha-OH-MDZ metabolite formation in a concentration-dependent manner to 58% of control values in mouse liver microsomes but did not inhibit 4-OH-MDZ formation. Thus, TRZ hydroxylation appears to be CYP3A specific in mice and humans. alpha-Hydroxylation of MDZ has a major CYP2C component in addition to CYP3A in mice, demonstrating that metabolic profiles of drugs in animals cannot be assumed to reflect human metabolic patterns, even with closely related substrates.
Cloned DNA Probes for Identification of<i>Phytophthora parasitica</i> (1989)

Chromosomal DNA of Phytophthora parasitica, digested with HindIII and EcoRI, was ligated to pUC8 and used to transform Escherichia coli. Three recombinant plasmids were identified that hybridized to P. parasitica DNA but not to DNA of other Phytophthora species, healthy tomato roots, and Pythium species. DNA from all isolates of P. parasitica tested, including P. parasitica var. nicotianae, hybridized strongly with the probes. Southern blot hybridizations revealed that the probes hybridized to multiple restriction fragments, suggesting that the cloned sequences recognize repetitive DNA
Exploiting symmetries to test programs (2005)

Symmetries often appear as properties of many artifical settings. In program testing, they can be viewed as properties of programs and can be given by the tester to check the correctness of the computed outcome. In this paper, we consider symmetries to be permutation relations between program executions and use them to automate the testing process. We introduce a software testing paradigm called symmetric testing, where automatic test data generation is coupled with symmetries checking to uncover faults inside the programs. A practical procedure for checking that a program satisfies a given symmetry relation is described. The paradigm makes use of group theoretic results as a formal basis to minimize the number of outcome comparisons required by the method. This approach appears to be of particular interest for programs for which neither an oracle, nor any formal specification is available. We implemented symmetric testing by using the primitive operations of the Java unit testing tool Roast by N. Daley, D. Hoffman, and P. Strooper (2002). The experimental results we got on faulty versions of classical programs of the software testing community tend to show the effectiveness of the approach.
Effect of acupuncture on weight loss evaluated by adrenal function. (1993)

In order to understand the relationship between patients' adrenal function and simple obesity and effect of acupuncture on it, the obesity indices, lipid indices, fasting blood-glucose, noradrenaline, dopamine, adrenalin and cortisol were observed. The results indicated that patients with simple obesity had hypofunction of the sympathetic-adrenal system and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system. Acupuncture treatment not only affected weight loss but also enhanced functioning of the two systems, suggesting that the effect of acupuncture on weight loss may be produced by enhancing the functions of both the sympathetic-adrenal system and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system.
Mechanism of hydralazine-induced relaxation of arterial smooth muscle (1985)

The effect of hydralazine on contractile responses by various agents has been studied in isolated rat tail artery strips. Hydralazine caused dose-dependent relaxation of contractions produced by 10(-7) mol.litre-1 noradrenaline (N); 10(-7) mol.litre-1 5-HT or 100 mmol.litre-1 KCl, suggesting that the relaxation response is non-specific. CaCl2 dose-response (in the presence of 10(-5) mol.litre-1 N; 10(-5) mol.litre-1 5-HT or 100 mmol.litre-1 KC1) was significantly inhibited by 5 X 10(-4) mol.litre-1 hydralazine in the order: KCl greater than 5-HT greater than N. Hydralazine also inhibited BaCl2 dose-response curve (in K+-depolarised strips); maximal contraction to BaCl2 was depressed by 87%. In other experiments, hydralazine significantly depressed (by 20%) the phasic contractile response to N due to mobilisation of calcium from a membrane-bound pool. D 600, a calcium entry blocker, also caused dose-dependent relaxation of contractile responses to all three agents studied; and inhibited CaCl2 and BaCl2 dose-response curves in K+-depolarised media, as well as depressed the phasic contractile response to N in Ca-free media by 17%. These results suggest that in the rat tail artery, hydralazine interferes with Ca2+ influx, as well as release from a membrane-bound pool.
Development and differentiation of adipose tissue (2003)

From a histological point of view, it is a special form of reticular connective tissue, which contains adipocytes with netlike structure. Human adipose tissue has four types of adrenergic receptors with different topographic dispositions, which manifest different metabolic activity of adipocytes of particular body organs. Changes in adipose tissue are associated with the process of adipocyte differentiation. Critical moments for this process are last months of pregnancy, the first six months of infancy and then puberty. However, the differentiation process may also begin during maturity. Namely, as size of adipocytes can increase to a certain limit, this process can be activated after reaching a "critical" adipocyte volume. The differentiation process is affected by a number of hormones (insulin, glucagon, corticosteroids, somatotropin (STH), thyroid gland hormones, prolactin, testosterone), but also by some other substances (fatty acids, prostaglandins, liposoluble vitamins, butyrate, aspirin, indomethacin, metylxanthine, etc.).
Harms as Setbacks to Interest (1987)

Abstract According to Feinberg, we must distinguish between a nonnormative notion of harm as a setback to interests and a normative notion of harm as a wrong. The harm captured in the harm principle combines both these interpretations: it refers to setbacks to others’ interests that are also wrongs. Interests take one of two forms: welfare interests, which are minimal, and nonultimate interests, or ulterior interests, which are interests related to one's personal projects and goals. Feinberg identifies three ways in which someone may impair one's network of interests: (1) she may modify circumstances to make it difficult for one to satisfy competing interests; (2) she may reduce the degree to which prudential interests are protectively diversified; or (3) she may directly impair one's welfare interests to make it difficult for one to pursue one's ulterior interests. Noting the link between wants, dislikes, and interests, Feinberg argues both that one's interests are not always compatible with one's wants and that one's dislikes (including most hurts and offenses) are not always antithetical to one's interests.
Separation and Purification of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Goat`s Milk Casein Hydrolysates (2005)

Fresh goat's milk (Saanen; Ovis aegagrus) was purchased from Korean Medi-R Co. and then defatted by ultrafiltration (Supra 25 K, Hanil Sci., Korea). The separation of goat's milk CN was performed according to the methods of Sofia and Malcate (2000).
On computing the split-radix FFT (1986)

This paper presents an efficient Fortran program that computes the Duhamel-Hollmann split-radix FFT. An indexing scheme is used that gives a three-loop structure for the split-radix FFT that is very similar to the conventional Cooley-Tukey FFT. Both a decimation-in-frequency and a decimation-in-time program are presented. An arithmetic analysis is made to compare the operation count of the Cooley-Tukey FFT fo several different radixes to that of the split-radix FFT. The split-radix FFT seems to require the least total arithmetic of any power-of-two DFT algorithm.
Distributed Data Collection through Remote Probing in Windows Environments (2005)

Distributed data collector (DDC) is a framework to ease and automate repetitive executions of console applications (probes) over a set of LAN networked Windows personal computers. The framework allows for the remote execution of probes, providing support for collecting the execution output of probes (standard output and standard error). Additionally, right after a probe execution, the output can be parsed and processed by user-defined code (post collecting code) that can act accordingly to user's needs. The framework can be useful to perform repetitive large-scale monitoring and administrative tasks over machines with transient availability, that is, machines that present no guarantees of being available at a given time. A major strength of DDC lies in the fact that it does not require installation of software in remote nodes, avoiding administrative burdens that remote daemons and alike normally provoke. Besides presenting the data collection framework, the paper discusses the results of a 30-day monitoring experiment conducted with DDC. The experiment collected resource usage metrics over 169 Windows machines from classroom laboratories of an academic institution.