gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coordination Specification for Distributed Optimal System Design Using the Chi Language (2002)

Coordination plays a key role in solving decomposed optimal system design problems.Several coordination strategies have been proposed in the multidisciplinary optimization (MDO) literature.They are usually presented as a sequence of statements: the parallel nature of the multidisciplinary subproblems is often either not addressed or only briefly mentioned.However, a more formal description of the concurrency in the coordination is essential, in particular for large and non-hierarchic coordination architectures.This paper proposes to use concepts from communicating sequential processes (CSP) developed in concurrency theory.CSP allows the description of the MDO coordination as a number of parallel processes that operate independently and communicate with each other synchronously over pre-defined channels.For this purpose, we introduce elements of the language χ, a CSPbased language that contains data types such as reals, arrays, lists and tuples.The accompanying software tool set that enables the execution of a χ specification has been extended with a Python interface so that function calls to external software can be carried out.Through this interface, χ has been coupled with Matlab to run coordination specifications of distributed optimal system design problems on single or on multiple parallel computers.An optimal design example is used to illustrate this.It can be concluded that the use of a CSP-based language such as χ for coordinating the solution of MDO problems is quite promising.
Explorations in sound for tilting-based interfaces (2006)

Everyday experience as well as recent studies tell that information contained in ecological sonic feedback may improve human control of, and interaction with, a system. This notion is particularly worthwhile to consider in the context of mobile, tilting-based interfaces as have been proposed, developed and studied extensively. Two interfaces are used for this scope, the Ballancer, based on the metaphor of balancing a rolling ball on a track, and a more concretely application-oriented setup of a mobile phone with tilting-based input. First pilot studies have been conducted.
THE ROLE OF <i>S. CEREVISIAE</i> CELL DIVISION CYCLE GENES IN NUCLEAR FUSION (1982)

Forty temperature-sensitive cell division cycle (cdc) mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were examined for their ability to complete nuclear fusion during conjugation in crosses to a CDC parent strain at the restrictive temperature. Most of the cdc mutant alleles behaved as the CDC parent strain from which they were derived, in that zygotes produced predominantly diploid progeny with only a small fraction of zygotes giving rise to haploid progeny (cytoductants) that signalled a failure in nuclear fusion. However, cdc4 mutants exhibited a strong nuclear fusion (karyogamy) defect in crosses to a CDC parent and cdc28, cdc34 and cdc37 mutants exhibited a weak karyogamy defect. For all four mutants, the karyogamy defect and the cell cycle defect cosegregated, suggesting that both defects resulted from a single lesion for each of these cdc mutants. Therefore, the cdc 4, 28, 34 and 37 gene products are required in both cell division and karyogamy.
Novel diaphragm free-piston Stirling cryocooler. (2015)

In 2004, the author of this thesis invented a novel metal-diaphragm based pressure wave generator (DPWG) for pulse tube and Stirling cryocoolers. The invention used a connected pair of metal diaphragms to seal the cryocooler’s clean working gas from a conventionally lubricated drive mechanism at ambient pressure, and to balance the average gas forces on the working diaphragms so the drive only has to work against the pressure wave. The DPWG has since been developed and has proven to be effective and practical, driving pulse tube cryocoolers with up to 1200 W of refrigeration at 77 K. From early in the development of the DPWG, two questions have existed. The first is: Can the connected pair of diaphragms concept suspend the displacer in a free-piston Stirling cryocooler, removing displacer piston-to-cylinder sealing issues? And the second is: Can the large surface areas and radial flows offered by the diaphragms’ flat geometry be used for heat exchange, thus reducing the need for costly heat exchangers? This thesis addresses those two questions. To address the first question, a proof-of-concept prototype was designed, constructed and tested. It did not perform as well as expected but did reach cryogenic temperatures. A second prototype with smaller displacer diaphragms was then designed and constructed. Its performance was significantly better than the first prototype; it achieved a low temperature of 56 K and produced 29 W of refrigeration at 77 K. The prototypes proved that the double diaphragm concept could be used to produce a free-piston Stirling cryocooler and perform refrigeration at cryogenic temperatures. To address the second question, two computer models of the second prototype were developed. The first was with a one-dimensional Stirling machine modeller called Sage; the second with ANSYS® CFX, a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code. A series of validation exercises were performed to confirm the models’ applicability to the oscillating flow and heat transfer typical of Stirling cryocooler gas spaces. The second prototype was modelled using Sage and CFX; both agreed with the macroscopic behaviour of the prototype and predicted the cooling power within an order of magnitude of the experiments. The CFD model confirmed the second question for the diaphragm on the cold side of the displacer, which was sufficient for heat exchange without a separate heat exchanger. However, it showed that the warm side of the machine needed extra area for heat rejection. The CFD model gave insights into why the second prototype was not performing as well as intended. A CFD model of a modified design, backed up with a Sage model, has predicted that it is possible to make a cryocooler with performance similar to a pulse tube with the same size pressure wave generator and with a higher efficiency.
A New Type of Short Wavelength Absorption Band in Alkali Halides Containing Color Centers (1951)

Photo-chemically and additively colored potassium iodide crystals exhibit absorption bands in the ultraviolet which do not have the characteristic properties of V-bands. An interpretation of the origin of these bands is proposed.
A wideband fractional-N PLL with suppressed charge-pump noise and automatic loop filter calibration (2012)

This paper discusses the design of a wideband fractional-N frequency synthesizer. The adoption of a bang-bang phase detector and a two-path loop filter reduces the impact of charge-pump noise to negligible levels with no penalty on power dissipation and enables a novel scheme for the calibration of the loop filter parameters over process spreads. The 3.0-to-4.0-GHz synthesizer fully integrated in a 65-nm CMOS technology consumes 5 mW from a 1.2-V voltage supply. The flat in-band noise is -104 dBc/Hz over a 5.5-MHz bandwidth and the reference spur level is -71 dBc at 40 MHz. The maximum in-band fractional spur for near-integer channels is -42 dBc. The core area occupation is 0.22 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Skin vascular lesions: A new therapeutic option with sequential laser‐assisted technique (2020)

Treatment of skin unaesthetic vascular lesions is still suboptimal. In this article, we present a multicenter study evaluating the efficacy and safety of the sequential 755 nm Alexandrite and 1064 nm ND:YAG lasers for the treatment of acquired and congenital vascular lesions of the skin. A total of 171 patients were included in the study (141 female and 30 male), median age 38, skin type from I to IV. Numbers of patients categorized for treated disease: 22 spider angiomas, 67 facial telangiectasia/spider veins, 58 leg telangiectasia/reticular leg veins, 24 port wine stains (PWS). Of those lesions 30.7% was on legs, 63.7% on face (6.7% on forehead, 10.1% on temples, 21.7% on cheeks, 25.2% on nose, 1.7% on chin) and 5.6% on chest. Spider angiomas required from 1 to 3 treatments. Facial telangiectasias had been treated from 1 to 4 times. Leg telangiectasias needed from 2 to 6 treatment sessions. Regarding PWS, it takes from 6 to 9 laser treatment to reach the clearance of the lesion. All the vascular disorders treated showed marked improvement while side effects were limited to low pain sensation and transitory fenomena. This sequential treatment is an effective, safe, and new approach for unaesthetic skin vascular lesions.
Theoretical Study of the Cosolvent Effect on the Partial Molar Volume Change of Staphylococcal Nuclease Associated with Pressure Denaturation (2007)

We explain the molecular mechanism of the effect of urea and glycerol cosolvents on the partial molar volume (PMV) change associated with the pressure denaturation of staphylococcal nuclease (SNase) protein recently observed in experiments. Native and denatured conformations of SNase are produced by using molecular dynamics simulations in water, and the PMV is obtained from the integral equation theory of molecular liquids called 3D-RISM, which is based on statistical mechanics. The PMV of the native SNase in water predicted by 3D-RISM theory is in good agreement with experiment. The PMV changes associated with pressure denaturation in water and in water-urea and water-glycerol mixtures are qualitatively reproduced. By analyzing the results obtained, we found two interesting cosolvent effects on the PMV: (1) both urea and glycerol cosolvents increase the PMVs of both native and denatured SNase compared to those in water and (2) both urea and glycerol cosolvents increase the PMV of denatured SNase more than that of native SNase. We also showed that these two observations can be explained in terms of the thermal volume, which is related to the packing effect of solvent molecules.
Un Laboratorio di Telecomunicazioni ed Elettromagnetismo Applicato per Teledidattica (2004)

This paper describes the implementation of an educational laboratory yielding both remote control of instruments and data acquisition capabilities through a TCP-IP based network. The system consists of a GPIB interface for connecting the instruments to a PC-server, a server-to-client link based on the TCP-IP protocol, and a virtual instrument, available on each PC-client, developed using the LabVIEW™ software by National Instruments. The system is being used in the Laboratory of Telecommunication and Applied Electromagnetics of the Faculty of Engineering, at the University of Pisa. At the present it can operate with a vector network analyzer, a spectrum analyzer, a digital oscilloscope and a digital communications analyzer.
Loss-Tolerant and Secure Embedded Computing via Inscrutable Instruction-Set Architectures (I²SA) (2004)

In short, we examine secure\ncomputing where a microprocessor reads, writes and\nexecutes operations ideally in an inscrutable domain. The goal is to provide methods and\nimplementations for computation where data never leave the inscrutable domain in which they\nreside; the intended effect is twofold. The first intended effect is that any transmissions between\ncomputing media using our approach would be unbreakable in any reasonable amount of time;\ni.e., intercepted instructions and/or data would be meaningless to the unauthorized interceptor.\nThe second intended effect is that, as a result of embedded computing platforms realized using\ninscrutable computing elements, any loss of equipment utilizing such computing hardware would\nnot be very meaningful to the recoverer: we refer to this as loss tolerance.
Abstract 3822: DNA copy number changes in the PI3K signaling pathway genes in triple negative breast cancer (2011)

Abstract Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with poor prognosis and a high mortality rate when compared to the other breast cancer subtypes. These tumors lack the expression of ER, PR and HER2 receptors, and do not respond well to the currently available adjuvant therapies. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PIK3) signaling pathway mediates key cellular functions. Alterations of genes in this pathway have been shown to predict responsiveness to cancer targeted therapies. In this study, five genes involved in this signaling pathway, PIK3CA, AKT1, AKT2, PTEN and FGFR, were evaluated for DNA copy number changes in two sets of TNBC specimens. Methods: TNBC samples were obtained from the Hospital Nossa Senhora das Gracas, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Two sets of TNBC samples were analyzed: the first set was composed of 30 formalin fixed-paraffin embedded tissue specimens and were analyzed for the PIK3CA, AKT1, AKT2, PTEN and FGFR genes by FISH. Locus-specific probes were prepared from BAC contigs for each gene and a centromeric probe for chromosome 3 was used as a control for copy number. The second set was composed of 17 frozen samples and were analyzed by array-CGH using a 44K-Agilent array platform. Real-Time PCR (TaqMan assay), was used to validate the array-CGH data for the above five genes. Results: FISH: PTEN loss and FGFR3 amplification were the most common findings occurring in 56% and 41% of the TNBC samples respectively. PIK3CA, AKT2 and AKT1 were amplified in 31%, 25% and 9.5% of the samples respectively. Array-CGH/Real time PCR: DNA copy number changes were observed by array-CGH in all, but one TNBC sample. The gene with highest frequency of amplification detected by array-CGH was PIK3CA (amplified in 77% of the cases). These findings were confirmed in 70% of the cases. FGFR2, AKT2 and PTEN were amplified in 35%, 24% and 24% of the cases respectively, These findings were confirmed for FGFR2 in 83% of the samples and for PTEN in all the samples. AKT2 amplification was only confirmed in 25% of the samples. Finally AKT1 was observed amplified in by array-CGH in 6% of the cases, which was confirmed by Real-time PCR.Conclusions: Based on our initial results, we conclude that TNBC presents DNA copy number alterations in genes involved in the PIK3 signaling pathway. Upon validation of these alterations in a larger number of cases, with correlation to prognostic parameters, their potential use as therapeutic targets can be considered for further investigation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3822. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3822
<i>Bacillus infantis</i> NRRL B-14911-induced myocarditis: a novel disease model to study the autoimmune mechanisms of myocardial injuries in the myocarditis-susceptible, A/J mice (BA15P.221) (2014)

Abstract We recently discovered that Bacillus spp., NRRL B-14911, a marine microbe, has the ability to induce myocarditis through molecular mimicry. The bacterium contains a mimicry epitope designated, BAC 25-40, and it induces autoimmune myocarditis by generating cross-reactive T cells for cardiac myosin heavy chain-alpha 334-352 (Myhc). We have analysed the complete genome sequence leading us to identify this microorganism as Bacillus infantis NRRL B-14911, a close relative of the strain that has been isolated in sepsis of newborn infants. Conditions have been optimized for the bacterium to grow in a Zobell marine medium at 37oC in an aerobic environment. Our preliminary studies indicate that A/J mice infected with Bacillus infantis NRRL B-14911 show the generation of CD4 T cells that can react with both BAC 25-40 and Myhc, as determined by major histocompatibility complex class II/IAk tetramer staining. We propose that Bacillus infantis NRRL B-14911-induced myocarditis can serve as a useful disease model to study the immune-mediated mechanisms of bacterial myocarditis as they relate to molecular mimicry and/or epitope spreading.
Performance study of SVC-based IP-over-ATM networks (2003)

Resource allocation is one of major issues on SVC-based IP-over-ATM networks. We study the effect of the system design parameters on the performance using a finite-capacity single-vacation model, with close-down/setup times and a Markovian arrival process (MAP). We show the packet loss probability as a function of buffer size, SVC timeout period, and bandwidth. If the SVC setup delay and release delay are small, the loss during SVC setup is relatively small, and the loss in the service phase is dominant. However, if the SVC setup delay and release delay are large, the loss in SVC setup is significantly larger than the loss in the service phase. When the SVC timeout period is changed, there is a tradeoff between SVC setup rate and SVC utilization rate. Therefore, the timeout period must be set to maximize SVC utilization rate and to minimize the processing power of the SVC processor.
Prognostic Polypeptide Blood Plasma Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease Progression (2014)

Background: Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have varying risks of progression to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: To test the utility of the relative abundances of blood plasma polypeptides for predicting the risk of AD progression.
Costs of coronary heart disease and stroke: the case of Sweden (1999)

CHD and stroke are associated with high costs during the year after admission to the Department of Medicine. There are also large potential cost savings from the prevention of CHD and stroke. However, further studies, including more patients and costs arising in the municipality, are needed to establish more precise and complete estimates of the costs related to CHD and stroke.
How US airlines became smoke free (2001)

Editor,—The development of the US Federal Aviation Administration policy to prohibit smoking in both the passenger cabin and flight deck of scheduled passenger flights1 2 offers lessons that may be considered in other countries and workplace settings. This policy was driven by the findings that environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a serious health risk to those exposed, that aircraft air quality was adversely affected by cigarette smoke, and by frequent complaints of respiratory irritation by crew and passengers.3-5 Similar concerns have been raised in other occupational settings such as prisons.6 The development and implementation of the policy, however, was slowed and complicated by fears that prohibiting smoking might adversely affect pilot performance. This summary of the policy development and the cited references may be useful in other efforts to develop …
Image Threshold and Segmentation (2002)

Abstract The process of reducing a gray scale or color image to a binary (black and white) image in which distinct features are isolated (usually for measurement) is called thresholding or segmentation. The words refer to slightly different but overlapping sets of procedures. Thresholding usually implies the selection of a range of gray scale or color values that distinguish the features from the background. It is widely used and very fast since it operates globally on images, but often does not provide perfect delineation of features because some pixels (particularly along feature edges) are misclassified, and features may touch each other. Segmentation implies the separation of features from the background and each other, usually based on local comparison of pixel values along feature boundaries. These methods are often slow, may not find all of the features present, and sometimes require assumptions about the shape or size of the features.
Cerebral blood flow and interstitial fluid adenosine during hemorrhagic hypotension (1988)

This study was designed to assess the role of adenosine in autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) with the use of the brain dialysis technique to sample cerebral interstitial fluid (ISF) and hydrogen clearance to measure local CBF in ketamine-anesthetized rats. In group 1 (n = 11), animals were hemorrhaged to reduce mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) from control levels (MABP = 101.1 +/- 2.6) to 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, and 30 mmHg. Cerebral autoregulation was evidenced by no significant decrease in CBF until MABP decreased to 60 mmHg. However, dialysate adenosine concentration did not increase until MABP decreased to 50 mmHg. In group 2 (bilateral dialysis; n = 11), in which the left carotid artery was ligated before reductions in MABP, left-side dialysate adenosine concentration increased at a MABP of 70 mmHg. In group 3 (bilateral dialysis; n = 6), one dialysis probe was perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid containing 10(-3) M 8(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline (8-SPT), an adenosine receptor antagonist, during reduction of MABP to 50 mmHg. Although there were similar reductions in CBF with or without adenosine receptor blockade, dialysate adenosine concentration was greater on the side of locally infused 8-SPT at a MABP of 50 mmHg. These data suggest that adenosine is not responsible for cerebral autoregulation at blood pressures greater than 50 mmHg but may contribute to the decrease in cerebral vascular resistance observed at arterial pressures below the autoregulatory range.
Airborne Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (MDI) Concentrations Associated with the Application of Polyurethane Spray Foam in Residential Construction (2006)

The primary objectives of this study were (a) to measure potential exposures of applicators and assistants to airborne methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), (b) to measure airborne concentrations of MDI at various distances from the spray foam application, and (c) to measure airborne MDI concentrations as a function of time elapsed since application. Other study objectives were, (a) to compare the results from filter and impinger samples; (b) to determine the particle size distribution in the spray foam aerosol; (c) to determine potential exposures to dichlorofluoroethane; and (d) to measure any off-gassing of MDI after the foam had fully cured. This study was conducted during application of spray polyurethane foam inside five single-family homes under construction in the United States and Canada. Spray foam applicators and assistants may be exposed to airborne MDI concentrations above the OSHA permissible exposure limit. At these concentrations, OSHA recommends appropriate respiratory protection during spray foam application to prevent airborne MDI exposures above established limits and to protect against exposure to dichlorofluoroethane (HCFC-141b). Airborne MDI concentrations decrease rapidly after foam application ceases. The highest airborne concentrations measured after 15 min and 45 min were 0.019 mg/m3 and 0.003 mg/m3, respectively. After 45 min, airborne concentrations were below the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.036-microg per sample. For samples taken 24 hours after completion of foaming, results were also below the LOQ. Approximately two-thirds of the total mass of the airborne particles in the spray foam aerosol was greater than 3.5 microns in diameter. Airborne MDI concentrations determined by filter sampling methods were 6% to 40% lower than those determined by impinger methods.
Radio Frequency Transparent Demodulation for Broadband Wireless Links (2010)

Novel demodulation technique for radio over fiber systems, transparent to RF carrier frequency, employing coherent detection and baseband digital signal processing is presented for the first time. Multi-gigabit signal demodulation at 40GHz RF is demonstrated