gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic analysis of the interaction of the insertion sequence IS903 transposase with its terminal inverted repeats. (1987)

The insertion sequence IS903 has perfect, 18-base-pair terminal repeats that are the presumed binding sites of its transposase. We have isolated mutations throughout this inverted repeat and analyzed their effect on transposition. We show that every position in the inverted repeat (with the possible exception of position 4) is important for efficient transposition. Furthermore, various substitutions at a single position can have a wide range of effects. Analysis of these hierarchical effects suggests that transposase contacts the minor groove in the region from position 13 to position 16 but makes major groove (or more complex) interactions with the outer portion of the inverted repeat. Our data indicate that the transposase exhibits relaxed specificity for the "second" end of a transposed segment; the defect in transposition of virtually all mutant inverted repeats can be rescued by a wild-type end. However, this rescue exhibits a pronounced position effect; in most cases, it is efficient only when the wild-type end is close to the 3' end of the transposase gene. This confirms the cis-acting nature of the transposase protein and suggests the initial transposase-inverted repeat interaction is the rate-limiting step in transposition. From the behavior of transposons with one mutant and one wild-type end, we infer that the inverted repeat contains two functional domains--one for initial complex formation with transposase and the other for effective completion of transpositional recombination. To support this hypothesis we show that an end with a mutation in one domain can significantly rescue an end with a mutation in the other domain.
Cognitive User Interfaces (2010)

This article argues that future generations of computer-based systems will need cognitive user interfaces to achieve sufficiently robust and intelligent human interaction. These cognitive user interfaces will be characterized by the ability to support inference and reasoning, planning under uncertainty, short-term adaptation, and long-term learning from experience. An appropriate engineering framework for such interfaces is provided by partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) that integrate Bayesian belief tracking and reward-based reinforcement learning. The benefits of this approach are demonstrated by the example of a simple gesture-driven interface to an iPhone application. Furthermore, evidence is provided that humans appear to use similar mechanisms for planning under uncertainty.
Innovative and interactive internationalization of software and documentation (2002)

The internationalization (I18N) of software products and documentation for a multinational market usually requires massive structuring and co-ordinating efforts, including outsourcing challenges. The Norwegian company Software Innovation is trying out new methods, integrating professional freelance translators from the target countries in the development I18N process. Through a gradual internationalization, and having translators from the target country localize the software onsite in Norway, the company hopes to obtain higher product quality, greater flexibility and lower costs.
Digital exclusion or learning exclusion? An ethnographic study of adult male distance learners in English prisons (2012)

Previous research has highlighted the value of technology to enhance learning. However, digital inclusion research has argued that many issues such as skills, access, usability and choice impact on the effectiveness of technology to enhance learning. The findings in this paper add to the debate by highlighting the importance of value and context. In particular, the value that institutions and individuals place on the role of further and higher distance learning in a prison can affect technology-enhanced learning in that context. This research identified that despite good IT skills and improved technologies, prison learners’ access and use of technology is hampered by conflicting priorities amongst the multiple organisations controlling prisoner activities. This can lead to a prison in which menial work is valued far higher than learning. Technology-enhanced distance learning, perceived by many to be a lifeline in a desolate environment, is heavily restricted in such prisons. The situation is thought to be deteriorating as the number of organisations involved increases and the Government’s plans for ‘‘working’’ prisons gather pace.Keywords: social inclusion; digital inclusion; distance learning; higher education; prisoner reintegration(Published: 19 December 2012)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2012, 20: 18620 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v20i0.18620
Optimum Modulator Design for a High-Sensitivity Homodyne System - Binary Modulation Method (1975)

The optimum modulation method for a high-sensitivity homodyne system employing a reflection-type modulator is investigated. General expressions are derived which describe the effect of the modulator performance on the phase-sensitive conversion loss and noise figure of the system. It is shown that the highest phase-detection and the highest amplitude-detection sensitivities can be simultaneously attainable by the binary modulation method. This theoretical result is confirmed by the performance of the practical system employing a varactor binary modulator. The system has the minimum conversion loss of 6.3 dB. The rejection ratio for the quadrature signal is 42 dB, and the noise figure is 8.7 dB at 9.45 GHz.
Sensitivity studies for incorporating the direct effect of sulfate aerosols into climate models (2000)

Aerosols have been identified as a major element of the climate system known to scatter and absorb solar and infrared radiation, but the development of procedures for representing them is still rudimentary. This study addresses the need to improve the treatment of sulfate aerosols in climate models by investigating how sensitive radiative particles are to varying specific sulfate aerosol properties. The degree to which sulfate particles absorb or scatter radiation, termed the direct effect, varies with the size distribution of particles, the aerosol mass density, the aerosol refractive indices, the relative humidity and the concentration of the aerosol. This study develops 504 case studies of altering sulfate aerosol chemistry, size distributions, refractive indices and densities at various ambient relative humidity conditions. Ammonium sulfate and sulfuric acid aerosols are studied with seven distinct size distributions at a given mode radius with three corresponding standard deviations implemented from field measurements. These test cases are evaluated for increasing relative humidity. As the relative humidity increases, the complex index of refraction and the mode radius for each distribution correspondingly change. Mie theory is employed to obtain the radiative properties for each case study. The case studies are then incorporated into a box model, the National Center of Atmospheric Research's (NCAR) column radiation model (CRM), and NCAR's community climate model version 3 (CCM3) to determine how sensitive the radiative properties and potential climatic effects are to altering sulfate properties. This study found the spatial variability of the sulfate aerosol leads to regional areas of intense aerosol forcing (W/m²). These areas are particularly sensitive to altering sulfate properties. Changes in the sulfate lognormal distribution standard deviation can lead to substantial regional differences in the annual aerosol forcing greater than 2 W/m². Changes in the aerosol chemical composition can lead to regional changes in the aerosol forcing greater than 0.5 W/m². The relative humidity is shown to greatly influence the aerosol optical properties. Given the differences in aerosol forcing found due to varying sulfate properties, this study does not encourage the use of a single aerosol distribution to represent sulfate particles of all air masses.
A Polymorphism of the Paraoxonase Gene Associated With Variation in Plasma Lipoproteins in a Genetic Isolate (1995)

The Hutterite Brethren are a genetic isolate characterized by high indices of relatedness and a communal agrarian lifestyle. We hypothesized that variation of the paraoxonase (PON) gene that underlies the interindividual variation in plasma PON activity would be associated with variation in fasting plasma lipoprotein variables in this group. In 793 Hutterites, we measured plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins and analyzed DNA for genotypes of the protein polymorphism at amino acid residue 192 of PON. We observed that genotypes of PON were significantly associated with variation in plasma concentrations of total, HDL, non-HDL, and LDL cholesterol, total triglycerides, and apolipoprotein (apo) B. Homozygotes for the low-activity variant of PON had significantly lower levels of plasma apoB-related biochemical variables than heterozygotes and homozygotes for the high-activity variant of PON. Homozygotes for the low-activity variant of PON also had significantly lower ratios of total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, and apoB/apoA-I than heterozygotes and homozygotes for the high-activity variant of PON. We found no evidence for a gene-gender interaction for any plasma lipoprotein variable. The PON polymorphism accounted for about 1% of the variation in total cholesterol and related lipoprotein traits in the Hutterites. These observations suggest that PON is a significant genetic determinant of plasma lipoprotein levels.
[Action of estrogens on pituitary gonadotrophic function and follicular growth during diestrous in the rat (author's transl)]. (1981)

LH and FSH release during the afternoon of diestrus 1 on the one hand, and the rate of follicular growth on the morning of diestrus 1 or diestrus 2, on the other hand, were studied in 4-day cyclic female rats after injection of estradiol benzoate (10 microgram, s.c.) on the morning of estrus. LH and FSH release was observed between 15.00 and 19.00 h during diestrus 1, but did not occur after an injection of pentobarbital (30 mg/kg, i.p.) in diestrus 1 at 13.30 h. No luteinization resulted from an injection of estrogen. Slowed follicular growth was observed on the morning of either diestrus 1 or diestrus 2. These results suggest the existence of a "critical period" for LH and FSH release in diestrus 1 during the afternoon. They indicate that the ovarian response to the endogenous release of gonadotropins is dependent upon the state of development of the ovarian follicles.
Application of CO{sub 2}-based demand-controlled ventilation using ASHRAE Standard 62: Optimizing energy use and ventilation (1998)

CO{sub 2}-based demand-controlled ventilation (DCV), when properly applied in spaces where occupancies vary below design occupancy, can reduce unnecessary overventilation while implementing target per-person ventilation rates. A recent interpretation of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62-1989, Interpretation 1C 62-1989-27, has affirmed that carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2})-based demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) systems can use CO{sub 2} as an occupancy indicator to modulate ventilation below the maximum total outdoor air intake rate while still maintaining the required ventilation rate per person, provided that certain conditions are met. This paper, co-written by the author of the interpretation, provides guidelines on the application of CO{sub 2}-based DCV. In addition, a method is presented that allows reasonable estimates of the actual ventilation rate per person being effectively delivered to the space, based on comparing predicted CO{sub 2} ventilation levels with CO{sub 2} levels logged in an occupied space. Finally, a model is presented to evaluate various CO{sub 2}-based DCV strategies to predict their delivery of target per-person ventilation rates within the lag times required by the standard.
Cosputtered films of mixed TiO2/SiO2 (1992)

A series of experiments to develop thin films composed of mixed oxides by reactive cosputtering from two different C-MAG (C-MAG is Reg. U.S. Pat & Tm. Off) cathodes (titanium, silicon) is discussed. The depositions were produced in a production scale coating machine capable of coating substrates of one meter square and larger. The optical, mechanical, structural, and chemical properties are also presented in this paper.
Rear-End Collisions Reduced: A Large-Scale Experiment under Natural Conditions (1974)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A deceleration warning light system installed on taxicabs in San Francisco for 12.3 million miles of normal on-road driving reduced the rear-end collision rate by 60.6% compared to the rate for a concurrent control group of cabs which traveled 7.2 million miles. Comparing the experimental group with the concurrent control group revealed that the warning light prevented 5.4 collisions per million miles, 1.02 cab driver injuries per million miles, and $643 of taxicab damage per million miles. An amber light was center mounted on the rear of several hundred taxicabs and was designed to communicate information about the taxi's deceleration to following drivers.</div>
Next generation job management systems for extreme-scale ensemble computing (2014)

With the exponential growth of supercomputers in parallelism, applications are growing more diverse, including traditional large-scale HPC MPI jobs, and ensemble workloads such as finer-grained many-task computing (MTC) applications. Delivering high throughput and low latency for both workloads requires developing a distributed job management system that is magnitudes more scalable than today's centralized ones. In this paper, we present a distributed job launch prototype, SLURM++, which is comprised of multiple controllers with each one managing a partition of SLURM daemons, while ZHT (a distributed key-value store) is used to store the job and resource metadata. We compared SLURM++ with SLURM using micro-benchmarks of different job sizes up to 500 nodes, with excellent results showing 10X higher throughput. We also studied the potential of distributed scheduling through simulations up to millions of nodes.
Amyloid in Osteoarthritic Hip Joints:<i>Depositions In Cartilage And Capsule. Semiquantitative Aspects</i> (1982)

Amyloid depositions in tissue from 116 osteoarthritic hip joints were examined. There was no significant correlation between amyloid and age although there was a tendency for joints from older patients to have more marked amyloid degeneration. We found significantly more amyloid in the joint capsules from male patients than from females. No difference in amyloid deposition was found between the right and left side, and pressure-loaded/less pressure-loaded parts of the femoral head contained equal amounts of amyloid. With the exception of two cases amyloid depositions in the joint capsule were always accompanied by amyloid in the joint cartilage (P < 0.001). Conversely the cartilage was often positive when the capsule was negative for amyloid.
The effect of the olive phenolic compound, oleuropein, on growth and enterotoxin B production by Staphylococcus aureus (1993)

The presence of low concentrations (0.1% w/v) of oleuropein, a phenolic compound extracted from olives, delayed the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in NZ amine A and brain heart infusion media modified by the addition of growth factors and glucose (NZA+ and BHI+), as indicated by changes in conductance, whilst higher concentrations (0.4-0.6% w/v) inhibited growth completely. Intermediate concentrations of oleuropein (0.2%) prevented growth in BHI+ but allowed growth to occur in NZA+ despite an extended lag phase (30 h). Concentrations of oleuropein > 0.2% inhibited growth and production of enterotoxin B in both types of media. Lower levels (0.1%) did not affect the final viable count and production of toxin in BHI+ but decreased the number of viable organisms and reduced the toxin production in NZA+ by eightfold. An increase in the concentration of oleuropein resulted in a decrease in the amount of glucose assimilated and consequently the amount of lactate produced. In addition, oleuropein prevented the secretion of a number of exoproteins. Addition of oleuropein during the exponential phase appeared to have no effect on the growth of Staph. aureus in NZA+.
Etching and Post‐Treatment Surface Stability of Track‐Etched Polycarbonate Membranes by Plasma Processing Using Various Related Oxidizing Plasma Systems (2014)

Oxidizing plasmas (O 2 , CO 2 , H 2 O (g), and formic acid (g)) were used to modify track‐etched polycarbonate (PC) membranes and explore the mechanisms and species responsible for etching. Etch rates were measured using scanning electron microscopy; modified surfaces were characterized with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and water contact angle. These results were combined with optical emission spectroscopy to provide insight into etch mechanisms. Although oxide functionalities implanted were similar, H 2 O (g) and formic acid vapor plasmas yielded the lowest contact angles. The CO 2 , H 2 O (g), and formic acid (g) plasma‐modified surfaces were found to be similarly stable 1 month after treatment. Etch rate correlated directly to the relative gas‐phase density of atomic oxygen and hydroxyl radicals.
Plasmids in Mycoplasma species isolated from goats and sheep and their preliminary typing (1999)

One-hundred-five (105) clinical isolates of mycoplasma from caprine origin and one isolate from ovine were surveyed for plasmids, which were present in thirty-three (31%) of them. These mycoplasmas originated from 13 herds. Ten of them were symptomatic for mycoplasmal disease (mastitis, polyarthritis, septicemia) and three herds were asymptomatic, i.e., clinically normal. Twenty-eight isolates were Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides LC (large colony or caprine biotype), four were Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum and one was Mycoplasma cottewii. The isolated plasmids were linearized by EcoRI, EcoRV, EcoRI and EcoRV or BamHI and EcoRV, and were of five sizes (1.1, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, and 1.9 Kbp). Based on restriction enzyme digestion and size of the linearized supercoiled extrachromosomal DNA, five plasmid types were recovered (p1II, p2III, p2V, p3I, and p4IV). The small size of these DNA elements probably exclude replicative forms of DNA virus, which are equal or larger than 8.0 Kbp.
On Top Modules (2000)

The concepts relative to top modules and proves six equivalent conditions of Spec P(M)≤1(P∈max(R)) are introduced.
Effect of paclitaxel and Cremophor EL on mast cell histamine secretion and their interaction with adriamycin. (1996)

The effect of paclitaxel and of its solvent Cremophor EL, a polyoxyethylated castor oil on histamine release in rat peritoneal mast cells has been tested. Paclitaxel dissolved in Cremophor EL/ethanol and Cremophor EL alone induced a moderate histamine release; this secretory activity is provoked by the solvent Cremophor EL but is so scanty that it seems most unlikely to be responsible of the severe hypersensitivity reactions frequently caused by this drug. Since in a number of protocols paclitaxel is used in combination with anthracyclines, and since anthracyclines are well known histamine releasing agents, the effect of the combination of these substances was also studied. Cremophor EL did not increase the exocytotic activity of adriamycin; on the contrary, the release of histamine induced by this anthracycline was significantly limited. This is an interesting observation since it has been suggested that anthracycline-induced histamine release is involved in the pathogenesis of the cardiotoxicity caused by these drugs. Low concentrations of paclitaxel in Cremophor EL and Cremophor EL alone inhibited adriamycin uptake into the granules of mast cells, a process mediated by an active transport system, recently identified with the P-170 glycoprotein pump.
A Phenomenologic Study on the Children's Living under the Institutional Care (2001)

The purpose of this study was to discover knowledge about the sources and meanings of the children's who is under the of welfare institution. Participants were high school girls in Kwangju who offered unstructured description of their experience through interviews. The research was performed from March 2001 to September 2001. The results, analyzed and interpreted according to Gorgi's method of phenomenology, describe the structure of the phenomenon living experience of the children under the institution care with a relational perspective. The analysis revealed seven core themes : (1) anguish of heart against custom of institution, (2) resistance against their livelihood, (3) mortification on the distorted prejudice, (4) desire to escape, (5) fearfulness for the unreliable future, (6) self-pity, (7) challenge to the future. The foregoing argument suggest that children under the institutional be supported by more mental health intervention and nurses be disciplined by supportive conversation technique.
Microporous organic polymers for gas storage and separation applications (2013)

Microporous organic polymers (MOPs), an emerging class of functional porous materials featured with the pure organic component have been widely studied in recent years. These materials have potential uses in areas such as storage, separation, and catalysis. In this Perspective, we focused on the gas storage and separation of MOPs. The targeted design and synthesis of MOPs toward the enhancement of gas capacity and selectivity are discussed. Furthermore, special emphasis is given to the post-synthesis modification of MOPs which have been proved to be effective methods to accurately tune the desired properties.
Urine vanadium concentrations in workers overhauling an oil‐fired boiler (1998)

Since fuel oil ash contains vanadium (V), the measurement of urinary levels of V may provide a biological marker in workers exposed to fuel oil ash. The usefulness of urine V samples as a biological monitoring tool ultimately depends on determining the appropriate time of sampling relative to when exposure occurs. Twenty boilermakers were studied during the overhaul of a large oil-fired boiler. A total of 117 urine samples were collected, 65 start-of-shift (S-O-S) and 52 end-of-shift (E-O-S) samples. Air V exposures were estimated with personal sampling devices and work history diaries. Air V concentrations ranged from 0.36 to 32.19 μg V/m3, with a mean ±SD of 19.1 ± 10.7, and a median of 18.5. On the first day of work on the overhaul, the V urine levels at the E-O-S (mean ±SD were 1.53 ± 0.53, median was 1.52 mg V/g creatinine) were significantly higher than those at the S-O-S (0.87 ± 0.32, median was 0.83), P = 0.004. However, the V concentrations of the S-O-S urine samples on the last Monday of the study were not significantly different from the S-O-S urine levels on the previous Saturday, a time interval of about 38 hr between the end of exposure and sample collection. The Spearman correlation coefficient (r) between the S-O-S urine V and the workplace concentration of V dust during the previous day was r=0.35. In summary, the results suggest a rapid initial clearance of V (elevating the E-O-S V concentration on the first day of work relative to the S-O-S concentration), followed by a slow clearance that is not complete 38 hr after the end of exposure, as evidenced by the Monday morning urine V concentrations. The Spearman correlations suggest that the S-O-S urine is preferred to the E-O-S urine for across-shift biological monitoring of V exposure.Am. J. Ind. Med. 33:55–60, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.