gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon Nanotubes as Thermionic Emitters (2004)

Thermionic converters are an interesting option for lightweight and long‐life power generators due to a number of compelling advantages, including all solid construction, no moving parts, and waste heat rejection at high temperature. An experimental set up has been built that allows the screening of thermionic coatings and new nanomaterials from room temperature to 2000 K in high vacuum and at gap sizes as small as 1 μm. A new class of very high temperature compatible materials, carbon nanotubes, has been investigated for their performance as cathodes. Seven different types of carbon nanotubes have been screened as thermionic emitter cathodes and compared to tungsten and nitrogen doped diamond. It has been found that some carbon nanotubes combine excellent temperature stability with good thermal emission performance. Yet, other carbon nanotubes exhibited exceptional combined thermal and field enhanced emission performance.
Polymer-bound tetranuclear iridium carbonyl catalyst (1978)

An iridium cluster has been attached to a solid and identified by i.r. spectroscopy as [Ir4(CO)11Ph2P (polymer)][where the polymer is poly(styrene–divinylbenzene)]; the solid is an active catalyst for ethylene hydrogenation at 303 K and 1 atm.
Cardiac adrenergic receptor effects of carvedilol (1996)

Carvedilol is an adrenoceptor antagonist which modulates the activity not only of beta 1 and beta 2 but also of alpha 1 adrenergic receptors present on the cell surface membrane of the human cardiac myocyte. In the heart, carvedilol has approximately 7 times higher potency for beta 1 and beta 2 adrenoceptors, but in the doses 50-100 mg . day-1 used in clinical practice, it is essentially non-selective. In human myocardial preparations and in cultured heart cells, carvedilol has no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity but is able to identify high affinity agonist-binding receptors whose pharmacological signature is reduction in binding by incubation with guanine nucleotides (guanine nucleotide-modulatable binding). This property is more prominent for the human beta 2 than for the beta 1 adrenoceptor. The property of gaunine nucleotide-modulatable binding for carvedilol and structurally related bucindolol correlates with their ability to directly down-regulate beta 1-like receptors present in cultured chick myocytes, and with a lack of reversal of down-regulation of cardiac beta-receptors in patients with heart failure. Carvedilol does not exhibit high levels of inverse agonist activity, which may contribute to its good tolerability in subjects with heart failure. These data indicate that carvedilol produces a high degree of adrenergic receptor blockade in the failing human heart, and does not re-sensitize the beta-receptor pathway to stimulation by adrenergic agonists.
Mammalian DNA ligases. Biosynthesis and intracellular localization of DNA ligase I. (1990)

Mammalian DNA ligase I is presumed to act in DNA replication. Rabbit antibodies against the homogeneous enzyme from calf thymus inhibited DNA ligase I activity and consistently recognized a single polypeptide of 125 kDa when cells from an established bovine kidney cell line (MDBK) were lysed rapidly by a variety of procedures and subjected to immunoblotting analysis. After biosynthetic labeling of MDBK cells with [35S]methionine, immunoprecipitation experiments revealed a polypeptide of 125 kDa that did not appear when purified calf thymus DNA ligase I was used in competition. A 125-kDa polypeptide was adenylated when immunoprecipitated protein from MDBK cells was incubated with [alpha-32P]ATP. Thus, the apparent molecular mass of the initial translation product is identical or nearly so to that of the purified enzyme. The half-life of the protein is 7 h as determined by pulse-chase experiments in asynchronous MDBK cells. Immunocytochemistry and indirect immunofluorescence experiments showed that DNA ligase I is localized to cell nuclei.
Electrode Processes in Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (1969)

Current interruption studies of fuel cells using magnesium oxide matrix and a binary eutectic of lithium sodium carbonate as electrolyte show that total cell polarization is a combination of ohmic and concentration factors. No activation polarization has been observed up to 200 amp. per sq. ft. Ohmic polarization is principally the result of electrolyte restrictions at the electrode-electrolyte-matrix interfaces and an oxide film at the cathode. Concentration polarization is the major contributor to the total anode polarization. Based on experimental observations, chemical and electrochemical reaction schemes are presented for both cathodes and anodes. Curves of potential as a function of electrochemically consumed hydrogen are calculated for anodes. Effects of initial hydrogen-carbon dioxide compositions, temperature, and other parameters are considered.
Constrained Runs algorithm as a lifting operator for the Boltzmann equation (2014)

Lifting operators play an important role in starting a kinetic Boltzmann model from given macroscopic information. The macroscopic variables need to be mapped to the distribution functions, mesoscopic variables of the Boltzmann model. A well-known numerical method for the initialization of Boltzmann models is the Constrained Runs algorithm. This algorithm is used in literature for the initialization of lattice Boltzmann models, special discretizations of the Boltzmann equation. It is based on the attraction of the dynamics toward the slow manifold and uses lattice Boltzmann steps to converge to the desired dynamics on the slow manifold. We focus on applying the Constrained Runs algorithm to map density, average flow velocity, and temperature, the macroscopic variables, to distribution functions. Furthermore, we do not consider only lattice Boltzmann models. We want to perform the algorithm for different discretizations of the Boltzmann equation and consider a standard finite volume discretization.
[PP.17.20] CLASSIFICATION OF BRAIN ARTERIAL REACTIVITY DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION (2016)

Objective: The aim of the study was to classify changes of brain arterial reactivity (BAR) during hypercapnia and hyperoxia in patients with hypertension. Design and method: All participants of research have given the informed agreement. We used ultasonography of transcranial Doppler‘s method in the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) from temporal window. We studied the changes of flow Velocity mean (Vm) starting, during hypercapnia (inhalation 2 min 4% mixture of carbonic gas (MCG) with air or hyperoxia - 100% oxygen and FmV in period of recovery (rec) (air-inhalation 2 min) of 278 patients with essentially hypertensive (BP > 140/90 mmHg without antihypertensive drugs), age 52.9 ± 10.9years. High - resolution annular array scanners was determined - a nominal axial resolution of 0.2 mm and 30 frames per second's acquisition rate with a 2.5–4 MHz sectored array transducer in the quiet dark room at the temperature 24–26 degrees Celsius. We used Indexes of FVm; IFVm = (Vm0-Vm)/ Vm0*100, Speed Modification of FVm: SM = (Vm-Vm0)/120, Index of Recovery of FVm: IR = Vm0/Vmrec: Vm0, BP0 are starting and Vm, BP are the parameters at period of inhalation, Vmrec is Vm after 120 sec. - time of inhalation. Results: New classification: patients with hypertension had 3 types of BAR hyperoxia-reactions: it were normal (IFVm < or = −20%), abnormal reduced (−20% < IFVm < 0%) abnormal opposite (IFVm > or = 0%) and 3 types of hypercapnia-reactions: normal (50% < IFVm < 70%), abnormal reduced (< 50%), abnormal enhanced (IFVm > 70%); 2 types of speed-reactions for hyperoxia: normal (SM < or = −0.12) abnormal slow (SM > −0.12) and 3 types for hypercapnia: normal (0.25 > or = SM < or = 0.40), abnormal slow (SM < 0.25) and abnormal accelerated (SM FVm > 0.40); 2 types of recovery-reactions: normal recovery (Vmrec > or = 1,0), abnormal slow recovery (Vmrec < 1,0). Conclusions: Patients with hypertension had the different types reaction of BAR after hypercapnia and hyperoxia by reaction force, its speed of development and rate of recovery. It can be classified by objective quantitative thresholds.
EPR observations of trivalent titanium in orthophosphate single crystals (1986)

The ground state spectroscopic properties of the 3d1 electronic configuration ion Ti3+ have been investigated using EPR spectroscopy. Trivalent titanium was incorporated as a dilute impurity in single crystals of the tetragonal, zircon-structure hosts ScPO4, YPO4, and LuPO4. The EPR spectrum of Ti3+ was observed in the as-grown orthophosphate crystals, and low temperature irradiations were not required to produce the trivalent state. The EPR results show that Ti3+ occupies a substitutional cation site in the host orthophosphate single crystals. Axial spin-Hamiltonian parameters were determined at 77 K, and these results are compared to those obtained previously for the 4d1 and 5d1 configuration ions Zr3+ and Hf 3+ in the same host crystals. Titanium-doped orthophosphate crystals containing isotopically enriched 47Ti or 49Ti were also grown and employed in determinations of the hyperfine parameters. The g-values observed here for Ti3+, and determined previously for Zr3+ and Hf 3+ are not accounted for by the published second-order expressions indicating that additional coupling mechanisms are operative.
Evaluation of dietary effects of transgenic corn pollen expressing Cry3Bb1 protein on a non‐target ladybird beetle, <i>Coleomegilla maculata</i> (2002)

Abstract A transgenic corn event (MON 863) has been recently developed by Monsanto Company for control of corn rootworms, Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). This transgenic corn event expresses the cry3Bb1 gene derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner), which encodes the insecticidal Cry3Bb1 protein for corn rootworm control. A continuous feeding study was conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the dietary effect of MON 863 pollen expressing the Cry3Bb1 protein on the survival, larval development, and reproductive capacity of the non‐target species, Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). First instar C. maculata (less than 24 h old) and newly emerging adults (less than 72 h old) were fed individually on a diet mixture containing 50% of MON 863 pollen, non‐transgenic (control) corn pollen, bee pollen (a component of normal rearing diet), or potassium arsenate‐treated control corn pollen. In the larval tests, 96.7%, 90.0%, and 93.3% of C. maculata larvae successfully pupated and then emerged as adults when fed on MON 863 pollen, non‐transgenic corn pollen, and bee pollen (normal rearing) diets, respectively. Among the larvae completing their development, there were no significant differences in the developmental time to pupation and adult emergence among the transgenic corn pollen, non‐transgenic corn pollen, and bee pollen diet treatments. All larvae fed on arsenate treated corn pollen diet died as larvae. For tests with adults, 83.3%, 80.0%, and 100% of adult C. maculata survived for the 30 days of the test period when reared on diets containing 50% of MON 863 pollen, non‐transgenic corn pollen, and bee pollen respectively. While the adult survival rate on MON 863 pollen diet was significantly less than that on the bee pollen diet, there was no significant difference between the MON 863 and non‐transgenic corn pollen treatments. During the period of adult testing, an average of 77, 80, and 89 eggs per female were laid by females fed on the MON 863 pollen, control corn pollen, and bee pollen, respectively; no significant differences were detected in the number of eggs laid among these treatments. These results demonstrate that when offered at 50% by weight of the dietary component, transgenic corn (MON 863) pollen expressing Cry3Bb1 protein had no measurable negative effect on the survival and development of C. maculata larvae to pupation and adulthood nor any adverse effect on adult survival and reproductive capacity. Relevance of these findings to ecological impacts of transgenic Bt crops on non‐target beneficial insects is discussed.
Three novel mutations in KIF21A highlight the importance of the third coiled-coil stalk domain in the etiology of CFEOM1 (2007)

Analysis of sixteen CFEOM1 probands revealed three novel KIF21A mutations and confirmed three reported mutations, bringing the total number of reported KIF21A mutations in CFEOM1 to 11 mutations among 70 mutation positive probands. All three new mutations alter amino acids in heptad repeats within the third coiled-coil region of the KIF21A stalk, further highlighting the importance of alterations in this domain in the etiology of CFEOM1.
Vortex simulation of a three-dimensional reacting shear layer with infinite-rate kinetics (1992)

The three-dimensional transport element method is extended to solve the conservation equations for reacting flow. The numerical scheme belongs to an adaptive, Lagrangian class of field methods in which computational effort is concentrated in zones of finite vorticity and chemical reaction. We use the low Mach number approximation of combustion and restrict our attention to the case of diffusion flames with no heat release. A single-step, second-order, infinite-rate kinetics chemical reaction model is employed. The scheme is applied to study the effect of flow-induced instabilities on the reaction field in a temporal shear layer
Human Adrenal Tissue<i>in Vitro</i>: Steroidogenic Properties<sup>1</sup> (1974)

The characteristics of the steroidogenic response of human adrenal tissue were studied in an in vitro automated superfusion system. The time course of the response of human adrenal tissue to ACTH was identical with that previously shown for the rat. Human adrenal tissue was more sensitive to human ACTH than to porcine ACTH. The response to ACTH by human adrenal tissue depended upon the total dose of ACTH and not upon the concentration in the medium; on the other hand, the response of human adrenal tissue to cAMP was dependent upon the concentration in the medium. Human adrenal tissue remained sensitive to ACTH stimulation after 15 hr of superfusion. These results with human adrenal tissue support the current theories on the mode of action of ACTH and suggest that data obtained from experiments with rat adrenal tissue may be directly applied to the human adrenal.
OnUniformSemiglobalExponentialStability(USGES)of ProportionalLine-of-SightGuidanceLaws (2014)

This paper presents a uniform semiglobal exponential stability (USGES) proof for a class of proportional line-of-sight (LOS) guidance laws used for vehicle path-following control. The LOS guidance law under consideration is a lookahead-based guidance law for marine craft. The USGES proof extends previous results that only guarantee global -exponential stability. Typical applications are marine craft and aircraft motion control systems for path following where the total system is a cascade of the motion controller and guidance law error dynamics.
Diagenetic Crystal Growth in the Murray Formation, Gale Crater, Mars (2015)

The Pahrump region (Gale Crater, Mars) marks a critical transition between sedimentary environments dominated by alluvial-to-fluvial materials associated with the Gale crater rim, and depositional environments fundamentally linked to the crater's central mound, Mount Sharp. At Pahrump, the Murray formation consists of an approximately 14-meter thick succession dominated by massive to finely laminated mudstone with occasional interbeds of cross-bedded sandstone, and is best interpreted as a dominantly lacustrine environment containing tongues of prograding fluvial material. Murray formation mudstones contain abundant evidence for early diagenetic mineral precipitation and its subsequent removal by later diagenetic processes. Lenticular mineral growth is particularly common within lacustrine mudstone deposits at the Pahrump locality. High-resolution MAHLI images taken by the Curiosity rover permit detailed morphological and spatial analysis of these features. Millimeter-scale lenticular features occur in massive to well-laminated mudstone lithologies and are interpreted as pseudomorphs after calcium sulfate. The distribution and orientation of lenticular features suggests deposition at or near the sediment-water (or sediment-air) interface. Retention of chemical signals similar to host rock suggests that original precipitation was likely poikilotopic, incorporating substantial amounts of the primary matrix. Although poikilotopic crystal growth is common in burial environments, it also occurs during early diagenetic crystal growth within unlithified sediment where high rates of crystal growth are common. Loss of original calcium sulfate mineralogy suggests dissolution by mildly acidic, later-diagenetic fluids. As with lenticular voids observed at Meridiani by the Opportunity Rover, these features indicate that calcium sulfate deposition may have been widespread on early Mars; dissolution of depositional and early diagenetic minerals is a likely source for both calcium and sulfate ion-enrichment in burial fluids that precipitated in ubiquitous late-stage hydrofracture veins
Bauhinoxepins A and B: New Antimycobacterial Dibenzo[<i>b</i>,<i>f</i>]oxepins from <i>Bauhinia saccocalyx</i> (2004)

Abstract Two new antimycobacterial dibenzo[ b , f ]oxepins, bauhinoxepins A (=3,3,5‐trimethylbenzo[ b ]pyrano[ g ][1]benzoxepin‐6,11‐diol; 1 ) and B (=6‐methoxy‐7‐methyl‐2‐(3‐methylbut‐2‐enyl)dibenzo[ b , f ]oxepine‐1,8‐diol; 2 ), were isolated from the roots of Bauhinia saccocalyx , and their structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data. Bauhinoxepins A and B exhibited antimycobacterial activities with respective minimum‐inhibitory concentrations ( MIC ) of 6.25 and 12.5 μg/ml. They were inactive (at 20 μg/ml) against the malarial parasite, and also inactive (at 20 μg/ml) towards the Vero, KB, and BC cell lines.
Optical-field-induced refractive indices and orientational relaxation times in a homologous series of isotropic nematic substances (1976)

We have measured the optical Kerr constant and the orientational relaxation times of seven $p$,${p}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{di}\ensuremath{-}n\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{alkoxyazoxybenzene}$ homologous compounds as functions of temperature in the isotropic phase. The observed critical behaviors near the isotropic-nematic transitions agree well with the predictions from the Landau-de Gennes model. Various characteristic parameters of the homologs are deduced from the experiment. Their variations with increase of methylene groups in the alkyl chain are discussed. Our results suggest that neither the mean-field theory of Maier and Saupe nor the Landau expansion of free energy is a good approximation for quantitative description at the isotropic-nematic transition.
High resolution of proteins by double-inverted gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (DG-PAGE). (1994)

We have designed a new method for high resolution electrophoretic separation of proteins that have similar molecular weights. The proteins migrate first through a conventional gradient gel, in which molecular friction increases as pore size decreases. The proteins then enter an inverted sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gradient gel in which friction decreases; thus, smaller molecules gradually migrate faster and achieve improved separation from larger molecules, which remain near the border between the two gels. We therefore call this technique double-inverted gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (DG-PAGE). This technique was used to resolve mixtures of aldolase, horseradish peroxidase precursors, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase. By comparison with other established methods, we show that DG-PAGE has a higher resolving power, which achieves clear separation of proteins differing as little as 0.5 kDa in molecular weight.
Repair of Radiation-Induced DNA Strand Breaks Does Not Occur Preferentially in Transcriptionally Active DNA (1999)

Certain DNA base lesions induced by ionizing radiation or oxidative stress are repaired faster from the transcribed strand of active genes compared to the genome overall. In this study, it was investigated whether radiation-induced DNA strand breaks are preferentially repaired in active genes compared to the genome as a whole in CHO cells. The alkaline unwinding technique coupled to slot-blot hybridization with specific DNA probes was used to study the induction and repair of DNA strand breaks in defined DNA sequences. Results using this technique showed a linear dose response for the formation of radiation-induced DNA strand breaks in the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene. Furthermore, the half-life of radiation-induced strand breaks was less than 5 min in the DHFR gene, in the ribosomal genes, and in the genome as a whole. These results suggest that the repair of DNA strand breaks is fast and uniform in the genome of mammalian cells.
Gaucher Cells in Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia: An Acquired Abnormality (1969)

Abstract A patient with CML is presented in whom Gaucher’s cells were seen in the bone marrow and other tissues. Biochemical and electron microscopic studies established the similarity of these cells to those found in Gaucher’s disease. Evidence is presented which indicates that the granulocyte is normally the major source of sphingolipid and that the Gaucher’s cells seen in CML arise from excessive granulocyte turnover.
Advances in second‐order calibration (1993)

Abstract Several multivariate methods are now available for the calibration of second‐order or hyphenated instruments (e.g. GC/MS). When applied to bilinear data, it has been shown that calibration can be performed in the presence of unknown interferences ‐ a significant advantage over first‐order calibration. In this paper, non‐bilinear rank annihilation (NBRA), a method which has the potential of handling, second‐order non‐bi‐linear data, is studied through theoretical analysis and computer simulation. It is found that the second‐order advantage can be carried over to non‐bilinear data if a property defined as net analyte rank (NAR) holds for the analyte of interest. The net analyte signal (NAS) is defined accordingly for second‐order calibration and the analogy to and difference from lower‐order calibration are discussed. With NAS, some analytical figures of merit such as signal‐to noise ratio, selectivity, sensitivity and limit of determination can be calculated for second order calibration. An application to MS/MS data is also given.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Chord-Wise Eight-Passage Serpentine Cooling Design for Eliminating the Coriolis Force Adverse Effect on Heat Transfer (2020)

Abstract Gas turbine blades are equipped with internal cooling channels which are connected by 180 deg bends. Due to combined effects of Coriolis force and centrifugal buoyancy force, the heat transfer increases on the trailing side (pressure side) and decreases on the leading side (suction side) for radially outward flow. The trend in heat transfer is opposite for radially inward flow. This configuration leads to nonuniform blade temperature which in unfavorable for blade lifespan. This paper presents a novel eight-passage serpentine design, where passages are arranged along the chord of the blade, to rectify the negative effects of Coriolis force on heat transfer and is an extension four- and six-passage smooth channel studies conducted by the authors earlier. Transient liquid crystal thermography (TLCT) is carried out for detailed measurement of heat transfer coefficients. Heat transfer experiments were performed for Reynolds numbers between 14,264 and 83,616 under stationary conditions. For experiments under rotation, non-dimensional Rotation number is set as 0.05. Heat transfer enhancement levels of nearly twice the Dittus–Boelter correlation (for developed flow in smooth tubes) are obtained under stationary conditions. Under rotation, it is seen that the heat transfer enhancement levels on the leading and trailing sides are similar to each other and also with the stationary condition. Some differences in heat transfer are observed on local level, when rotation cases are compared against the stationary cases. Numerically predicted flow field is presented to support the experimental findings.