gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: THE HALOGEN EXCHANGE PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FLUORO‐AROMATICS. ARTHUR MARSDEN AWARD LECTURE (1978)

Abstract Review: Die Fluorierung durch Austausch verläuft nach der Gleichung 1 unter Verwendung von Alkali‐ fluoriden, deren Reaktivität in der Reihe 2 wiedergegeben ist, vorzugsweise in aprotischen Lösungsmitteln wie Dimethylformamid, Dimethylsulfoxid, Dimethylsulfon, Tetramethylsulfon, N‐Methyl‐pyrrolidon.
Cell cycle-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in mammalian cells (2007)

During cell cycle progression and division, how cells coordinate mitochondrial biogenesis, distribution, and partitions remains to be clarified. Here, we show that mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial membrane potential increased from early G(1) to G(1)/S and further gradually elevated to mitotic phase, indicating that mitochondrial biogenesis begins from early G(1) phase. In addition, mitochondrial DNA contents appeared to increase from G(1)/S to G(2) phase during which a slight but consistent increase of NRF-1 level was observed. However, other transcriptional factors regulating mitochondrial biogenesis, mtTFA and PRC, were not changed. During interphase, heterogeneous mitochondrial population with different morphology and sizes were observed but reorganized into relatively homogeneous population of mitotic cells. Moreover, microtubule and dynein complex, p150(Glued) and dynein intermediate chain, strongly associate with mitochondria during interphase but dissociated from them during mitosis. Taken together, our results suggest that mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics are tightly regulated during cell cycle progression.
Pyramid implementation of optimal-step conjugate-search algorithms for some low-level vision problems (1989)

The authors present a parallel pyramid implementation of the line search conjugate gradient algorithm for minimizing the cost function in low-level vision problems. By viewing the global cost function as a Gibbs energy function, it is possible to compute the gradients, inner products, and optimal-step size efficiently using the pyramid. Implementation of this algorithm for shape-from-shading results in a multiresolution conjugate gradient algorithm. The robustness and efficiency of the algorithm are demonstrated for edge detection using the graduated nonconvexity (GNC) algorithm. This formulation is also applied to image estimation based on Markov models. A compound model for the original image is defined that consists of a 2D noncausal Gauss-Markov random field to represent the homogeneous regions and a line process to represent the discontinuities. A deterministic algorithm based on the GNC formulation is derived to obtain a near-optimal maximum a posteriori probability estimate of images corrupted by additive Gaussian noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Magnetism in the magnetoelectric hexaferrite system<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Zn</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Fe</mml:mi><mml:mn>12</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>22</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2007)

The hexaferrite system ${({\mathrm{Ba}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x})}_{2}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{2}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{12}{\mathrm{O}}_{22}$ possesses a rich magnetic phase diagram and for strontium content $x=0.75$ exhibits a magnetoelectricity, the existence of which is intimately connected to the noncollinear arrangement of the iron spins. The system comprises seven cation sublattices, two of which have tetrahedral coordination. The tetrahedral sublattices are partly occupied by Fe and partly by Zn. Using ab initio--calculated exchange interactions we show that the magnetism in the ${({\mathrm{Ba}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x})}_{2}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{2}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{12}{\mathrm{O}}_{22}$ system is sensitive to the Fe and Zn distributions. The region of existence of the noncollinear spin structure and hence of ferroelectricity is determined and found to be rather narrow. The critical temperature of magnetic ordering is calculated using molecular field and random phase approximations. The results are in good agreement with the experiment.
T.S. eliot's enquiry into the communicative contingency and gaps in modern discourse (2013)

Communication is classically conceived as the transference of an already constituted meaning. If the margins of this already constituted meaning begin to blur out and admit a space or a gap, forces of decomposition permeates and the crisis deepens. A failure of communication on various levels creates an opacity that throws the verbal modules into a frenzied play of presence and absence, stability of signification and representation perennially hovering at the edge of an apparently bottomless abyss. Austin, Derrida and Searle's investigation into the problematic of such gaps or absences are overtly anticipated in T.S.Eliot's works that repeatedly question the apparent consistency of discourse.
Effects of daily and “woot‐off” strategies on e‐commerce (2009)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the prices and consumer behavior at Woot.com, a deep discount online retailer, and compare two selling mechanisms it uses – the regular “one deal a day” and the “woot‐off” mechanisms. The paper also compares the “one deal a day” business model with the mainstream multi‐product retail business model. Design/methodology/approach Product, pricing, and sales data for products sold on Woot.com were collected using an automatic online data‐collection agent. The data set of 572 products includes 270 products sold using the regular “one deal a day” format and 302 products sold on ten woot‐off days. Findings Two periods of the day were identified when most orders were placed. It is found that Woot.com's prices were usually lower than the lowest found elsewhere online, and the price differences were even greater during woot‐offs. The analysis reveals that the price elasticity at Woot.com is lower than those at internet retailers such as Amazon.com or BarnesandNobile.com. In addition, factors such as having the lowest online price, a large customer base, and selling during a “woot‐off” and on weekdays all help increase sale outcomes. The comparison of the “one deal a day” and the multi‐product retail business model suggests that the former focuses on niche markets and primarily sells closeout and refurbished products to online bargain hungers. Originality/value The current study contributes to both research and practice toward understanding prices and consumer behavior at “one deal a day” web sites. Future research can examine other aspects, such as the order arrival on these sites.
An innovative machine for automated cutting of fish (2002)

Summary form only given. This paper presents an innovative machine for fish cutting. The new machine does not possess many of the shortcomings of the Iron Butcher which is commonly used in the industry for head removal of fish. The machine uses a double-bladed rotary cutter, arranged in a V-configuration and driven by 3-phase induction motors, in order to improve the recovery of fish meat. Also, two servomotors have been used for positioning of the cutter with respect to a fish. An imaging system senses each fish and generates the desired cutting location, and positions the cutter accordingly. An ultrasonic sensor senses the thickness of each fish, and positions a delivery platform using this information. In addition to sensing the cutter loads, conveyor motion, and the performance of the servo systems, a secondary imaging system has been incorporated at the product-exit end of the machine to determine the cutting quality. This information is preprocessed on line and used in a knowledge-based supervisory control system, which is able to make the necessary adjustments in the machine if the performance is unacceptable.
Windows 2000 Serverパーフェクトガイド (2000)

第１章 Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ２０００ ＳｅｒｖｅｒにおけるＴＣＰ／ＩＰ 第２章 ＤＨＣＰ、ＷＩＮＳ、ＤＮＳ、メールサーバーおよびサイトの構築 第３章 Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ２０００ ＳｅｒｖｅｒのＩＩＳ 第４章 Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ２０００ネットワークの調整と監視 第５章 Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ２０００ターミナルサービスによるクライアントのサポート 第６章 Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ２０００ Ｓｅｒｖｅｒにおけるリモートアクセスサービスのインストールと管理
From multi-sensor surveillance towards smart interactive spaces (2003)

This paper proposes a novel architecture for multisensor data fusion in the context of ambient intelligence (Ami). The proposed system integrates a heterogeneous network of sensors with CCD cameras and computational units working together in a LAN. Activities of humans interacting in the monitored area are detected and classified by combining sensors data output with a neural method.
Diode laser based optical logic devices (1990)

Dispersive optical bistability is reviewed with particular emphasis on trans- mission characteristics, time dependence, cascadability and fan-out capability of bistable diode laser amplifiers. Bistability in inhomogeneously excited diode lasers, gain quenching and polarization bistability are also discussed. Different applica- tions of bistable lasers are then reviewed, including all-optical regeneration, time- division switching, colored optical interconnects, optical crossbar switches and optical look-up tables.
The Molecular Volcano: Abrupt CC<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">l</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Desorption Driven by the Crystallization of Amorphous Solid Water (1997)

The desorption kinetics of molecular beam deposited ultrathin films of CC${\mathrm{l}}_{4}$ and amorphous solid water (ASW) are studied. Overlayers of ASW impede CC${\mathrm{l}}_{4}$ desorption until the onset of crystallization, whereupon the CC${\mathrm{l}}_{4}$ desorbs abruptly. The abrupt desorption occurs through connected pathways that are formed in the water overlayer during the nucleation and growth of crystalline ice from ASW. The onset of the abrupt desorption corresponds to the threshold for dynamic percolation. As the crystallization proceeds, the number of connected pathways rapidly increases, giving rise to the episodic release of CC${\mathrm{l}}_{4}$.
Multinuclear NMR Studies of Silica Surfaces (2005)

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 Underivatized Silica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 Si NMR Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 Linewidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 Dehydration of Silica Gel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Fumed Silica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 H NMR Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 O NMR Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 The Interplay between H and Si Spins in Silica Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 Structural Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 Derivatized Silicas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 Silylation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 Alkylsilane-Modified Silica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 Other Surface Modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443 Substitutionally-Modified Silicas . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
Arginine: Its p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> value revisited (2015)

Using complementary approaches of potentiometry and NMR spectroscopy, we have determined that the equilibrium acid dissociation constant (pKa value) of the arginine guanidinium group is 13.8 ± 0.1. This is substantially higher than that of ∼ 12 often used in structure-based electrostatics calculations and cited in biochemistry textbooks. The revised intrinsic pKa value helps explains why arginine side chains in proteins are always predominantly charged, even at pH values as great as 10. The high pKa value also reinforces the observation that arginine side chains are invariably protonated under physiological conditions of near neutral pH. This occurs even when the guanidinium moiety is buried in a hydrophobic micro-environment, such as that inside a protein or a lipid membrane, thought to be incompatible with the presence of a charged group.
The Value of Inventories (1967)

Inventory valuation is usually considered as a problem of pricing.' All accounting data represent quantities multiplied by prices, and pricing is thus only a part of the inventory valuation problem. In this paper, attention will be directed to some less frequently considered difficulties of quantification and their effects on the pricing problem. It will be argued that valuation can only be approached from a study of the nonmonetary characteristics of inventory, i.e., the physical or time quantities of materials, labour and overheads and the position of these quantities in relation to the business operating cycle. Inventory valuation serves period accounting: the old period hands over its in suspense to the new one. In this way, the old period is purged of matters which do not affect its results, and the new period is made to account for the values transferred to it. Considering the problem in this light may show how some conventions of accounting practice arise out of business conditions, and must therefore be applied differently in different firms.
Preparation and evaluation of carvacrol pellets based on PVP solid-dispersion by extrusion-spheronization technique (2017)

Background and objectives: Carvacrol is one of the main pharmacologically active components of Thymus vulgaris essential oil which has shown several therapeutic effects. There are few works regarding the formulation of essential oils as oral solid dosage forms due to their liquid nature, stability and technical problems. The aim of this study was to combine the solid-dispersion approach and extrusion-spheronization technique to produce pellets with desirable physico-mechanical and release properties. Methods: Solid dispersion matrix (30%) of carvacrol in polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 was prepared by solvent evaporation. The matrix was mixed with Avicel and lactose and granulated by water. The wet mass was transformed into pellets by extrusion-spheronization. In order to compare the solid dispersion method with the classic approaches, another pellet formulation was prepared by absorption of carvacrol on Aerosil. The pellets were characterized for size (sieve analysis), shape factors (image analysis), mechanical strength, carvacrol content, and release rate (dissolution test). Accelerated stability test of formulations was also carried out. Results: Using suitable composition of solid dispersion matrix and granulation fluid, the pellets with desirable size and shape and mechanical properties could be produced. PVP-based pellets had higher mechanical strength, slower release rate and improved content and stability. The PVP ratio showed considerable effect on release properties of the pellets. Conclusion: Overall, the results revealed the feasibility of preparing desirable pellets containing carvacrol with acceptable content, stability and release properties which can be administered as hard gelatin capsules.
The Josephson Effect in a Ceramic Bridge at Liquid Nitrogen Temperature (1987)

A bridge junction can be made by cutting a bulk ceramic superconductor into the right sizes. Using this sort of bridge, both dc and ac Josephson effects are confirmed in liquid nitrogen. We have observed microwave-induced steps at either nhf/2e or 2nhf/2e, where n is an integral, as well as the modulation of a critical supercurrent with the increase of microwave power or the externally applied magnetic field.
Inhibition of feline infectious peritonitis virus replication by recombinant human leukocyte (alpha) interferon and feline fibroblastic (beta) interferon. (1988)

Replication of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) in feline cell cultures was inhibited after incubation of cells with either human recombinant leukocyte (alpha) interferon (IFN) or feline fibroblastic (beta) IFN for 18 to 24 hours before viral challenge exposure. Compared with virus control cultures, FIPV yields were reduced by ranges of 0.1 to 2.7 log10 or 2 to 5.2 log10 TCID50 in cultures treated with human alpha- or feline beta-IFN, respectively; yield reductions were IFN dose dependent. Sensitivity to the antiviral activities of IFN varied with cell type; feline embryo cells had greater FIPV yield reductions than did similarly treated feline kidney or feline lung cells. Comparison of the virus growth curves in IFN-treated and virus control cultures indicated marked reduction in intracellular and extracellular FIPV in IFN-treated cultures. Compared with virus control cultures, intracellular and extracellular infectivity in IFN-treated cultures was delayed in onset by 12 and 30 hours, respectively, and FIPV titers subsequently were reduced by 3 to 3.5 and 5 log10 TCID50, respectively. Frequently, immunofluorescent and electron microscopy of IFN-treated cells or cell culture fluids did not reveal virus; however, even in cultures without viral cytopathic changes, small amounts of virus occasionally persisted in cells.
Parasite removal by waste stabilisation pond systems and the relationship between concentrations in sewage and prevalence in the community (2000)

Waste stabilisation pond (WSP) performance for the removal of nematode eggs is generally considered to be excellent. In this paper, the performance of WSPs for parasite egg removal is reviewed. A simplified membrane filtration method for enumeration of parasites in sewage was introduced and applied to evaluate emergency anaerobic and permanent sanitation units in Bangladesh. With short retention times of 48-72 hours 99% egg removal efficiencies were achieved in the emergency unit using sewage from a cholera hospital complex. Permanent units gave poorer performance and, in a 23 day WSP system in Grand Cayman, it is possible that removal efficiency may have been impaired and hookworm eggs carried over to the final effluent. Evidence for carry over of eggs is critically re-assessed. Publications relating levels of prevalence of helminth parasites and concentrations in sewage are summarised, and data are interpolated to provide an understanding of the response-dose relationship. A classification of end emicity is proposed to assist in evaluating the success of helminth control programs.
The Nature of the Silicon–Oxygen Bond (2011)

Even though siloxanes form the basis for the entire worldwide silicone industry, the nature of silicon–oxygen bonding has not been well understood. In the present work we employ correlated and highly polarized basis levels and natural bond orbital techniques to analyze the anomalous structural and basicity properties of inorganic Si–O–Si linkages compared to organic C–O–C congeners. We find that vicinal hyperconjugative interactions of nO → σ*XH type are primarily responsible for promoting the increased torsional flexibility and reduced basicity that strongly distinguish disiloxanes from ethers. Paradoxically, the key to enhanced siloxane hyperconjugation lies in the inherently larger X–O–X bond angle for X = Si (consistent with electronegativity and hybridization variations predicted by Bent’s rule), even though such resonance-type corrections are generally stronger in ethers (X = C) at any particular X–O–X angle. These findings have important implications for many aspects of silicone chemistry as well as for improved general understanding of basicity and H-bonding phenomena in terms of resonance-type donor–acceptor (rather than “electrostatic”) concepts.
[Detection of low-level microorganism by concomitant use of ATP amplification and bioluminescence assay]. (2009)

Beads-apyrase is an effective tool to eliminate the background of the reaction of ATP amplification. The sensitivity of bioluminescence assay was increased significantly with concomitant use of ATP amplification and bioluminescence assay.
An Introduction to Electronics (1964)

The purpose of an introductory book on electronics should be to present clearly the principles on which the operation of electronic devices and their incorporation in electronic circuits are based. This book does not really meet these requirements.
Driver emotion recognition framework based on electrodermal activity measurements during simulated driving conditions (2016)

An extensive variety of wellbeing frameworks had been introduced in modern vehicles a decade ago. Traction control, auto-braking, and anti-sleep systems are significant innovations that are presumed to be superior over human reaction. However, accident rates in Malaysia have yet to be fully reduced. In fact, in 2013, nearly one million enlisted vehicles were involved in road accidents, with damages reaching over RM9.3 billion. Meanwhile, a car is a system that encompasses the road, the vehicle, and the driver. At present, roads and vehicles have gained immense stability, but the driver remains as the most fragile component of this system. Electrodermal activity (EDA) was used in this study to investigate stress and anger as primary emotions leading to possible accidents involving the driver. A simulated driving assignment with preset neutral, stress, and anger scenarios was developed for emotional stimulation. A total of 20 subjects were included in this experiment. Acquired EDA signals were bandpass-filtered at 0.5 Hz to 2 Hz and subjected to short-time Fourier transform. Then, their mean, median, and variance of power spectral density were extracted. The parameters obtained were statistically analyzed with two-sample f-test. EDA readings from drivers demonstrated significant differences among neutral-stress, neutral-anger, and stress-anger simulated driving scenarios. The dataset was also divided into two groups (10-10) for training and testing of support vector machine classifier at 10-fold cross-validation. The classification accuracy was 85% each for neutral-stress and neutral-anger and 70% for stress-anger.
Portable Haptic Display for Large Immersive Virtual Environments (2006)

This paper introduces Portable Haptic Display (PHD), a novel platform-independent haptic rendering system that can be conveniently integrated into a large immersive virtual environment while maximizing the individual reusability of haptic interfaces and visual displays. The PHD has an architecture of distributed rendering where two computers (or clusters of computers) are in charge of all computations needed for rendering with corresponding displays and share necessary information via network. We report the architecture, implementation details, and performance evaluation results of the PHD in this paper. The PHD is especially useful in places that have multiple haptic interfaces and large immersive visual displays and that need to use them together as well as individually, such as research laboratories, companies, and hospitals.