gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing solid-state storage device write stress through opportunistic in-place delta compression (2016)

Inside modern SSDs, a small portion of MLC/TLC NAND flash memory blocks operate in SLC-mode to serve as write buffer/cache and/or store hot data. These SLC-mode blocks absorb a large percentage of write operations. To balance memory wear-out, such MLC/TLC-to-SLC configuration rotates among all the memory blocks inside SSDs. This paper presents a simple yet effective design approach to reduce write stress on SLC-mode flash blocks and hence improve the overall SSD lifetime. The key is to implement well-known delta compression without being subject to the read latency and data management complexity penalties inherent to conventional practice. The underlying theme is to leverage the partial programmability of SLC-mode flash memory pages to ensure that the original data and all the subsequent deltas always reside in the same memory physical page. To avoid the storage capacity overhead, we further propose to combine intra-sector lossless data compression with intra-page delta compression, leading to opportunistic in-place delta compression. This paper presents specific techniques to address important issues for its practical implementation, including data error correction, and intra-page data placement and management. We carried out comprehensive experiments, simulations, and ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) design. The results show that the proposed design solution can largely reduce the write stress on SLC-mode flash memory pages without significant latency overhead and meanwhile incurs relatively small silicon implementation cost.
Superplastic Bulging of Fine‐Grained Zirconia (1990)

A tetragonal zirconia containing 2 mol% Y 2 O 3 , with 0.3 mol% CuO addition as a grain‐boundary phase, was superplastically stretched at 1150°C using a hemispherical punch. Mechanical analyses were performed to establish that a biaxial tensile stress/strain state was achieved in the process with a maximal strain of 0.5 in the thinned hemispherical shell. The material was damage tolerant up to a critical strain rate, approximately 10 −3 s −1 .
A generalization of the class of hyper-bent Boolean functions in binomial forms. (2011)

Bent functions, which are maximally nonlinear Boolean functions with even numbers of variables and whose Hamming distance to the set of all affine functions equals 2n−1 ± 2n2−1, were introduced by Rothaus in 1976 when he considered problems in combinatorics. Bent functions have been extensively studied due to their applications in cryptography, such as S-box, block cipher and stream cipher. Further, they have been applied to coding theory, spread spectrum and combinatorial design. Hyper-bent functions, as a special class of bent functions, were introduced by Youssef and Gong in 2001, which have stronger properties and rarer elements. Many research focus on the construction of bent and hyper-bent functions. In this paper, we consider functions defined over F2n by f (r) a,b := Tr n 1 (ax r(2m−1)) + Tr1(bx 2n−1 5 ), where n = 2m, m ≡ 2 (mod 4), a ∈ F2m and b ∈ F16. When r ≡ 0 (mod 5), we characterize the hyper-bentness of f (r) a,b . When r 6≡ 0 (mod 5), a ∈ F2m and (b+ 1)(b + b+ 1) = 0, with the help of Kloosterman sums and the factorization of x + x+ a−1, we present a characterization of hyper-bentness of f (r) a,b . Further, we give all the hyper-bent functions of f (r) a,b in the case a ∈ F2m2 . Chunming Tang, Yu Lou and Yanfeng Qi acknowledge support from the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10990011 & No.60763009). Baocheng Wang and Yixian Yang acknowledge support from National Science Foundation of China Innovative Grant (70921061), the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams. Chunming Tang, Yu Lou and Yanfeng Qi Laboratory of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China Chunming Tang’s e-mail: tangchunmingmath@163.com Baocheng Wang and Yixian Yang Information Security Center, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications and Research Center on fictitious Economy and Data Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China 2 Chunming Tang et al.
User performance under several automated approaches to changing displayed maps (1978)

State-of-the-art computer displays seldom have sufficient resolution and size to show usable detail for a large map. One solution is to satisfy user needs by designing map display systems that present sequential map segments. The utility of two types of presentation conditions was evaluated: (a) continuous map scanning, and (b) discrete map segments using three different amounts of border overlap (0%, 25% and 50%). The task was to determine the fastest road routes between cities. A 19 in. color television monitor displayed 6×8 km map segments (1:50,000 scale) within a 60×80 km map region; participants viewed the larger map area by changing the displayed segments. Solution time, number of map segments viewed, and quality of route solutions were recorded by 24 participants on each of 12 problems divided among presentation conditions. Results showed that different presentation conditions did not significantly affect the quality of routes chosen. Problems took the least time when map segments with 50% overlap were used although 25% overlap produced similar data. Overall, the participants who changed map segments more often took less time working problems. Discrete map segments with around 25% overlap would contribute to an efficient design for a sequential map display system.
Object-oriented hypertext design: authoring for reuse (2002)

We present a new approach for the development of hypertext information systems that avoids a number of traditional hypermedia authoring problems, and facilitates the maintenance of links and the reuse of information resources. The model is set-based, and integrates features from object-oriented software design models. This helps authors to make a comprehensive (and comprehensible) design before starting an implementation. We also briefly describe an authoring system that implements this model, and which uses an existing relational database system to store documents, links and meta-information.
Efficacy and safety of topical spironolactone 5% gel versus placebo in the treatment of acne vulgaris (2019)

Background Acne is an inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit that imposes negative effects on the psychological state of patients. Indeed, even mild acne can adversely affect the patients’ quality of life. Therefore, successful management is needed. Spironolactone is one of the effective systemic treatments for acne, but its adverse effects limit its use. Objectives To assess the effectiveness and safety of 5% spironolactone gel in the treatment of acne. Patients and methods This study was a split-face study in which 22 adult patients with mild and moderate acne vulgaris were instructed to apply topical 5% spironolactone gel to their right hemifaces and topical placebo gel to their left hemifaces twice daily for 8 weeks. Results This study reported a statistically significant reduction in the total lesion count and acne severity index from the baseline. The improvement was significantly higher in the spironolactone side than the placebo side. Spironolactone mainly improves comedones and inflammatory papules. Minimal tolerable adverse effects were recorded in the form of stinging and mild erythema. Conclusion The data provided by this study support the use of topical spironolactone in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris.
Helicobacter pylori infection in rheumatoid arthritis: effect of drugs on prevalence and correlation with gastroduodenal lesions (2002)

The severity of RA, prevalence of gastroduodenal lesions other than reflux oesophagitis and the application of gastroprotective drugs do not seem to depend upon H. pylori infection in RA patients. Sulphasalazine may be protective against H. pylori infection.
OXIDATION OF METHIONINE RESIDUES OF CASEIN BY HYDROGEN PEROXIDE. Effects on In Vitro Digestibility (1973)

Analytical methods were adapted to the determination of methionine sulfoxide and methionine sulfone in casein. Direct determination by alkaline hydrolysis appears to be more accurate than indirect determination by the carboxymethylation‐performic oxidation method. Proteolysis of casein with Pronase was adopted as an in vitro digestibility test. In the conditions chosen, 41% of the methionine residues of casein were released as free methionine. A solution of casein was treated with up to 0.12M hydrogen peroxide. No methionine sulfone was formed. Most of the methionine residues were oxidized into methionine sulfoxide. When milk was treated with 0.018M hydrogen peroxide, 51% of its methionine residues was transformed into methionine sulfoxide. Hydrogen peroxide‐oxidized casein samples were submitted to the Pronase digestibility test. Release of free methionine was inversely related to the methionine sulfoxide content. No free methionine sulfoxide was released from casein. Release of other amino acids was little affected by hydrogen peroxide treatment. Similar results were found with milk.
Editorial (2015)

O presente número de Psicologia e Saber Social apresenta aos seus leitores uma interessante variedade de temas e perspectivas psicossociais. De fato, embora se orgulhe de constituir um veículo privilegiado para a divulgação de trabalhos no campo das representações sociais, a Revista tem uma ambição maior quanto à publicação científica no âmbito da psicologia social. Nessa linha de desenvolvimento, metade dos artigos ora publicados se vincula explicitamente à teoria e à prática da pesquisa empírica em representações sociais, mas os demais se distribuem, em termos teórico-conceituais, pelo estudo dos valores, da memória, do afeto e da cognição social. Em termos temáticos, tanto uns quanto outros se debruçam sobre problemas pertinentes e instigantes da vida cotidiana nas sociedades contemporâneas: a psicoterapia, as relações inter-étnicas, o impacto social da Aids, as imagens construídas das cidades em que se vive, o incremento generalizado das práticas esportivas, a “fixação” nos videogames, os persistentes problemas sociais do alcoolismo e do tráfico de drogas ilícitas, além dos desafios da ressocialização de adolescentes infratores.
Design and Implementation of Web-Based Control Laboratory for Test Rigs in Geographically Diverse Locations (2008)

This paper compares current remote laboratories and describes the design and implementation of the Networked Control System Laboratory (NCSLab) in the University of Glamorgan on http://www/ncslab.net, which provides a unified and flexible Web-based interface to access test rigs located in different countries of the world. All the test rigs are connected and managed together by the NCSLab system. They are well cataloged by their characteristics, and their geographical locations are not necessarily known to the users. A three-layer structure, which consists of the main server, subservers, and test rigs, is adopted to organize the distributed facilities. All the control algorithms for the test rigs are generated by using the Matlab Real-time Workshop. Users can design and implement their own control algorithms for the test rigs. The Web interface is designed using Java JSP/Servlet technology which gives the users great flexibility, including remote tuning, remote monitoring (both data and videos), and remote control logics. In order to manage the massive information and support concurrent access, MySQL database is also integrated into the system.
Fine fractionation and purification of the fulvic acid fraction using adsorption and precipitation procedures (2007)

Abstract A new scheme for fine fractionating and purifying a crude fulvic acid fraction was proposed. The fractionation procedure includes an adsorption process of the fulvic acid fraction on a hydrophobic resin (e.g. XAD-8 and DAX-8) and a sequence of successive elution processes. This procedure yields a non-adsorbed fraction (FA-1), a 0.1 mol L−1 HCl eluted fraction (FA-2), a distilled water eluted fraction (FA-3) and a 0.1 mol L−1 NaOH eluted fraction (FA-4). To remove salts and water, the fractionated organic molecules were co-precipitated with Al hydroxides at pH 5 and collected by centrifugation. Recoveries of carbon from the crude fulvic acid fraction of an Andosol were 42, 20, 19 and 14% for FA-1, FA-2, FA-3 and FA-4, respectively, and 96% of carbon was recovered in total. Optical properties and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra indicated that the chemical properties of FA-1 were similar to those of FA-2 and were hydrophilic, while the chemical properties of FA-3 were very close to those of FA-4 and were hydrophobic (estimated hydrophobicity: humic acid >> FA-4 ≥ FA-3 >> FA-2 ≥ FA-1). A fulvic acid that can be isolated using the International Humic Substances Society method would be, in practice, a mixture of hydrophilic fulvic acid (FA-2) and hydrophobic fulvic acid (FA-3 + FA-4). The method developed in the present study will provide more detailed, quantitative and complete information of the fulvic acid fraction of soils.
Mitochondrial calcium and bone mineralization in the rat fetus. (1986)

The initial mineralization of the tibial bone collar of 17-day-old rat fetuses has been investigated. Images obtained after glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde-OsO4 fixation were compared to those obtained after K-pyroantimonate (PAO) fixation. Ca, P and Sb were identified and Ca/P intensity ratios evaluated by wavelength dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Alkaline phosphatase was detected on decalcified sections. Some osteoblasts showed degenerative changes and free mitochondria could be seen within the osteoid on the prolongation of their cytoplasmic processes. The mitochondria contained mineralized granules and clusters. Similar granules, numerous clusters and few matrix vesicles were observed within osteoid. The Ca/P intensity ratios (PAO fixed sections) of mitochondrial mineral (11.5 +/- 2.54) were different from the ratio of crystalline mineral in matrix vesicles (1.52 +/- 0.07). Alkaline phosphatase was present along plasmalemma of osteoblasts and around mineral deposits. These results show that in the rat fetus osteoblast mitochondria may be extruded from the cells, and that mitochondrial granules may represent the first mineral deposits in osteoid.
An in vitro comparison of fluid leakage after dural puncture with Atraucan, Sprotte, Whitacre, and Quincke needles. (1996)

The comparably low leakage rate produced by the Atraucan, a new needle with a terminal opening, suggests that this needle is worthy of further clinical evaluation.
Breath Hydrogen and Methane Responses of Men and Women to Breads Made with White Flour or Whole Wheat Flours of Different Particle Sizes (1999)

Neither fiber content of bread nor particle size of whole wheat flour substantially affected breath hydrogen or methane responses or gastrointestinal symptoms. Fine ground whole wheat breads may provide a more acceptable food choice than standard whole wheat bread without sacrificing the beneficial health effects of higher fiber.
Triton X114 phase partitioning : A method to isolate amphiphilic and hydrophobic proteins from seeds (1990)

11 ref. * Communication. CR de Nantes. Laboratoire de Biochimie et Technologie des Proteines. BP 527, 44026 Nantes Cedex 03 Diffusion du document : Communication. CR de Nantes. Laboratoire de Biochimie et Technologie des Proteines. BP 527, 44026 Nantes Cedex 03
Ultrastructural Observations of the Argonaut Shell (1994)

An examination of the ultrastructure of the shell of the cephalopod Argonauta Nodosa was carried out using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and polarised light microscopy. The structure of the Argonaut shell was found to consist of an inner and outer prismatic layer separated by a thin central zone which was sparsely occupied by spherulitic crystals. Fluctuations in the width and porosity of the central zone resulted in changes in the shell's opacity and gave rise to the fibrous lines visible in the structure. The central zone was the region of initial growth and was the nucleating point for the crystals which formed the prismatic layers. It was concluded that deposition of material in the Argonaut shell occurred on both the inner and outer surfaces of the shell, in contrast to the single growth surface of other molluscs. The deposition process can be explained by the periodic movement of the Argonaut's tentacles, which are responsible for the material secretion, from one surface to the other. In general it was found that the Argonaut exercises Jess control over the structure of its shell than is common amongst the molluscs and in particular the organic matrix of the shell does not appear to play as large a role in determining the crystal structures.
Development of three-dimensional unconditionally stable finite-difference time-domain methods (2002)

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method has been widely applied in solving electromagnetic problems. Its capability of handling electrically large or high-Q structure problems is, however, limited by the requirements of large computation memory and time. Such requirements are due to the numerical dispersion errors and the CFL stability condition. So far, most of the research efforts have been focused in developing schemes such as MRTD and PSTD that possess low numerical dispersion and therefore require low computation memory. In this paper, we will present another direction in improving the FDTD computation efficiency: removal of the CPL stability condition. In other words, we will present an unconditionally stable 3D finite-difference time-domain method where the FDTD time step, is no longer restricted by the CPL stability condition but by the modelling accuracy of the FDTD algorithm only. As a result, FDTD iteration number and CPU time are reduced. To further reduce numerical dispersion, anisotropy and memory of the method, a high-order scheme is also presented. Theoretical studies and numerical examples will be presented to validate the proposed schemes.
Clinical Trials of Therapeutics for the Prevention of Congenital Zika Virus Disease: Challenges and Potential Solutions (2017)

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnancy is associated with adverse fetal outcomes, such as microcephaly and other congenital malformations. No therapeutic options are available to pregnant women with ZIKV infection to prevent these effects. Drug trials in pregnancy raise several scientific, ethical, and logistic challenges, which are compounded further in ZIKV because of limited knowledge of the disease pathophysiology and a product development pipeline in its infancy. We evaluate the major challenges in choosing therapeutics to prevent congenital ZIKV disease and conducting clinical trials of these treatments, with a focus on preventing congenital central nervous system malformations. These challenges must be characterized and planned for now so that clinical trials can progress expediently and effectively in the future.
Familial hyperhomocysteinaemia and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and arterial distensibility of large arteries (1999)

In healthy first-degree relatives of patients with mild hyperhomocysteinaemia, the increase in homocysteine level after a methionine load is an independent predictor of endothelial dysfunction. The results also suggest that fasting and post-methionine homocysteine levels may reflect distinct disturbances in methionine metabolism, which may be linked to vascular dysfunction through distinct mechanisms.
A millennial overview of transition metal chemistry (2000)

The present state of transition metal chemistry (restricted largely to the d-block elements) is surveyed with an eye to the history of the subject. With the coordination chemistry of Alfred Werner as a base of reference, there are (evolutionary) developments that may be considered as evolving naturally therefrom and (revolutionary) developments that seem not to have been adumbrated by the Wernerian concepts.
Properties and actions of bridged diphenyl acaricides. (1976)

The properties and actions of the bridged diphenyl acaricides are discussed. These pesticides, which are more or less structurally related to DDT, were the first of the specific acaricides to be developed. They exhibit remarkable properties of specificity, being primarily toxic to phytophagous mites but of very low toxicity to most nontarget species, including insects, fish, birds, and mammals. Although many important facets of their broad mode of action are understood, virtually nothing is known of their primary mode of action or the underlying bases of their specificities. In most ways they are model compounds for integrated control and pest management activities and thus merit greater attention than they have received to elucidate the fundamentals underlying their unusual properties and actions.
Evaluating a Regional Administrative Model (2018)

Using a stratified random sample and real-time virtual focus group sessions, we evaluated the regional administrative model, addressing personnel supervision, program direction, financial management, and administrative leadership. We concluded that the regional administrative model remains a highly charged topic, there is no common understanding of "region," the efficiencies and effectiveness of county operations have improved, and minor differences exist among groups from areas with differing population densities only with regard to the topic of administrative leadership. Implications relate to using a mix of formal and informal communication approaches, avoiding the consequences of long-term environmental turbulence, vetting the model at all organizational levels, and pilot testing prior to statewide implementation.
C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α in the prognostic classification of unstable angina pectoris (2001)

Elevated levels of acute-phase proteins and cytokines, particularly CRP and IL-6, are strong predictors of the risk of serious coronary events in patients with UAP.
An architecture to automate performance tests on microservices (2016)

The microservices architecture provides a new approach to develop applications. As opposed to monolithic applications, in which the application comprises a single software artifact, an application based on the microservices architecture is composed by a set of services, each one designed to perform a single and well-defined task. These services allow the development team to decouple several parts of the application using different frameworks, languages and hardware for each part of the system. One of the drawbacks for adopting the microservices architecture to develop applications is testability. In a single application test boundaries can be more easily established and tend to be more stable as the application evolves, while with microservices we can have a set of hundreds of services that operate together and are prone to change more rapidly. Each one of these services needs to be tested and updated as the service changes. In addition, the different characteristics of these services such as languages, frameworks or the used infrastructure have to be considered in the testing phase. Performance tests are applied to assure that a particular software complies with a set of non-functional requirements such as throughput and response time. These metrics are important to ensure that business constraints are respected and to help finding performance bottlenecks. In this paper, we present a new approach to allow the performance tests to be executed in an automated way, with each microservice providing a test specification that is used to perform tests. Along with the architecture, we also provide a framework that implements some key concepts of this architecture. This framework is available as an open source project1.