gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amino acid and protein synthesis, turnover, and breakdown by ruminal microorganisms. (1994)

Tauopathy is a class of a neurodegenerative disorder linked with tau hyperphosphorylation, proteolysis, and aggregation. Tau can be subjected to proteolysis upon calpain activation in Alzheimer disease (AD), and traumatic brain injury (TBI). We and others have extensively researched calpain-mediated tau breakdown products (Tau-BDP; 45K, 35K, and 17K). Tau proteolysis might also generate low molecular weight (LMW ≤10K) proteolytic peptides after neurodegenerative damage. In this study, we have subjected purified tau protein (phospho and non-phospho) and mouse brain lysate to calpain-1 digestion to characterize the LMW generated by nano-liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization to tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS). We have also challenged differentiated primary cerebrocortical neuronal cultures (CTX) with neurotoxic agents (calcium ionophore calcimycin (A23187), staurosporine (STS), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and Maitotoxin (MTX)) that mimic neurodegeneration to investigate the peptidome released into the conditioned cell media. We used a simple workflow in which we fractionate LMW calpain-mediated tau peptides by ultrafiltration (molecular weight cut-off value (MWCO) of 10K) and subject filtrate fractions to nano-LC-MS/MS analysis. The high molecular weight (HMW) peptides and intact proteins retained on the filter were analyzed separately by western blotting using total and phospho-specific tau antibodies. We have identified several novel proteolytic tau peptides (phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated) that are only present in samples treated with calpain or cell-based calpain activation model (particularly N- and C-terminal peptides). Our findings can help in developing future research strategies emphasizing on the suppression of tau proteolysis as a target.
Advanced graphics processor (2002)

This paper describes cockpit display processor research and development being conducted at the Wright Laboratory. The objective is a compact, high performance, cockpit avionic display generator. The resulting system will generate 1.5 million triangles per second and manipulate high resolution video. The design is based on a pipeline of custom VLSI geometry processors and smart memory. The application of this advanced system is to enhance the situational awareness of pilots flying tactical fighters. However, the WL graphics processor design will be available to the tri-services and NASA.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Algorithms for Ontological Mediation. (1998)

We lay the foundation for ontological mediation as a method for resolving communication difficulties resulting from different ontologies. The notion of hierarchical relations enables a theory of orientation or direction of ontologies to be presented. We describe an ontologcial mediator as being able to think about (or conceptualize) concepts from ontologies and find equivalences between them. Algorithms for finding the meanings of unfamiliar words by asking questions are introduced and evaluated experimentally. Introduction Clearly, in order for communication between computational agents to be truly successful, each agent must be able to understand what the other says. Presently, this involves deciding ahead of time on the following: I. a syntax and semantics for the language in which they communicate (a popular one is KIF (Genesereth 1995)), and II. an ontology, or domain conceptualization that sets forth the terminology they may use, along with relations that hold between the concep...
Photon cross sections, attenuation coefficients, and energy absorption coefficients from 10 keV to 100 GeV (1969)

The National Standard Reference Data System is a Government-wide effort to provide for the technical community of the United States effective access to the quantitative data of physical science, critically evaluated and compiled for convenience, and readily accessible through a variety of distribution channels. The System was established in 1963 by action of the President's Office of Science and Technology and the Federal Council for Science and Technology.
Quantitative characterization of turbidity by radiative transfer based reflectance imaging (2018)

A new and noncontact approach of multispectral reflectance imaging has been developed to inversely determine the absorption coefficient of μ <i><sub>a</sub></i> , the scattering coefficient of μ<sub>s</sub> and the anisotropy factor g of a turbid target from one measured reflectance image. The incident beam was profiled with a diffuse reflectance standard for deriving both measured and calculated reflectance images. A GPU implemented Monte Carlo code was developed to determine the parameters with a conjugate gradient descent algorithm and the existence of unique solutions was shown. We noninvasively determined embedded region thickness in heterogeneous targets and estimated <i>in vivo</i> optical parameters of nevi from 4 patients between 500 and 950nm for melanoma diagnosis to demonstrate the potentials of quantitative reflectance imaging.
Recovering traceability links between an API and its learning resources (2012)

Large frameworks and libraries require extensive developer learning resources, such as documentation and mailing lists, to be useful. Maintaining these learning resources is challenging partly because they are not explicitly linked to the frameworks' API, and changes in the API are not reflected in the learning resources. Automatically recovering traceability links between an API and learning resources is notoriously difficult due to the inherent ambiguity of unstructured natural language. Code elements mentioned in documents are rarely fully qualified, so readers need to understand the context in which a code element is mentioned. We propose a technique that identifies code-like terms in documents and links these terms to specific code elements in an API, such as methods. In an evaluation study with four open source systems, we found that our technique had an average recall and precision of 96%.
Shedding Light on Tumors Using Nanoparticles (2008)

The scaffold of nanoparticles (broadly defined as having a size range of 1-100 nm) presents a convenient platform to incorporate multiple functionalities into one single particle for cancer imaging and therapeutics. Whether hollow inside or not, a single nanoparticle can encapsulate a large payload of imaging probes, anticancer drug molecules, or both. On the surface, tumor-specific targeting molecules (e.g., receptor-binding ligands or antibodies) may be immobilized to facilitate active tumor targeting and drug delivery. This versatile nanoplatform promises more efficient delivery of payloads to tumors for improving cancer detection and treatment.
Distortion Modeling and Invariant Extraction for Digital Image Print-and-Scan Process (2000)

After an image is printed-and-scanned, it is usually filtered, rotated, scaled, cropped, contrast-andluminance adjusted, as well as distorted by noises. This paper presents models for the print-and-scan process, considering both pixel value distortion and geometric distortion. We show properties of the discretized, rescanned image in both the spatial and frequency domains, then further analyze the changes in the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) coefficients. Based on these properties, we show several techniques for extracting invariants from the original and rescanned image, with potential applications in image watermarking and authentication. Preliminary experiments show the validity of the proposed model and the robustness of the invariants.
The dual roles of red blood cells in tissue oxygen delivery: oxygen carriers and regulators of local blood flow (2009)

Vertebrate red blood cells (RBCs) seem to serve tissue oxygen delivery in two distinct ways. Firstly, RBCs enable the adequate transport of O(2) between respiratory surfaces and metabolizing tissues by means of their high intracellular concentration of hemoglobin (Hb), appropriate allosteric interactions between Hb ligand-binding sites, and an adjustable intracellular chemical environment that allows fine-tuning of Hb O(2) affinity. Secondly, RBCs may sense tissue O(2) requirements via their degree of deoxygenation when they travel through the microcirculation and release vasodilatory compounds that enhance blood flow in hypoxic tissues. This latter function could be important in matching tissue O(2) delivery with local O(2) demand. Three main mechanisms by which RBCs can regulate their own distribution in the microcirculation have been proposed. These are: (1) deoxygenation-dependent release of ATP from RBCs, which stimulates production of nitric oxide (NO) and other vasodilators in the endothelium; (2) release of vasoactive NO from S-nitroso-Hb upon deoxygenation; and (3) reduction of naturally occurring nitrite to vasoactive NO by deoxygenated Hb. This Commentary inspects all three hypotheses with regard to their mechanisms, experimental evidence in their support and details that remain unresolved. The prime focus is on human/mammalian models, where most evidence for a role of erythrocyte ATP and NO release in blood flow regulation have accumulated. Information from other vertebrate groups is integrated in the analysis and used to discuss the evolutionary origin and general relevance of each hypothesis.
From the Collection: Family Association Newsletters (1998)

The genealogy collection of the Newport Historical Society is one of the largest in New England and the second largest in Rhode Island. One part of the collection consists of family association newsletters, which we acquire through subscription and generous donations by members and publishers.
Trends in Stem Cell Biology and Technology (2009)

Stem cells, characterized by the ability to both self-renew and to generate diff- entiated functional cell types, have been derived from the embryo and from va- ous sources of the postnatal animals an
A hybrid histogram/neural network classifier for creating global cloud masks (1997)

Abstract Abstract A histogram method is used to identify the features which are used to classify the scene elements, and a hierarchical neural network with 'don't care' nodes is used to perform the actual classification. Although the ultimate goal is to produce a classifier capable of detecting clouds anywhere in the world, this preliminary system is limited to classifications in three distinct ecosystems: the polar region, desert terrain, and scenes of biomass burning in South America. Classification accuracies of 97.5 per cent for desert data, 98 per cent for polar data, and 99.2 per cent for biomass burning data were achieved. More importantly, manual analysis of classified scenes which had not been previously seen by the classifier show 'very good' to 'excellent' correspondence between the computer generated classifications and the human expert classifications.
Antibody production studied by means of the localized haemolysis in gel (LHG) assay. 3. Mouse cells producing five different classes of antibody. (1969)

By the use of antiglobulin sera of known specificity mouse cells releasing γM, γG1, γG2a, γG2b or γA antibody to sheep erythrocytes can be identified in the LHG assay. The properties of these sera are described. Cells releasing γG1 or γG2b antibody appear as soon after immunization as cells releasing γM antibody. High doses of sheep RBC (1×1010) were needed to stimulate the appearance of γA releasing cells in the spleen after intraperitoneal immunization.
Design principles for particle plasmon enhanced solar cells (2008)

We develop fundamental design principles for increasing the efficiency of solar cells using light trapping by scattering from metal nanoparticles. We show that cylindrical and hemispherical particles lead to much higher path length enhancements than spherical particles, due to enhanced near-field coupling, and that the path length enhancement for an electric point dipole is even higher than the Lambertian value. Silver particles give much higher path length enhancements than gold particles. The scattering cross section of the particles is very sensitive to the thickness of a spacer layer at the substrate, which provides additional tunability in the design of particle arrays.
Annular discharge copper vapor laser (1979)

A large-volume high-power copper vapor laser excited by a longitudinal discharge in an annular volume has been demonstrated. The annular geometry provides a device configuration in which the laser prf, governed by a geometric diffusion length, can be made independent of the device volume. Laser powers of 35 W at a prf of 6 kHz has been obtained with an overall device efficiency of 0.44%.
Optimization of the Pharmacophore Model for 5-HT<sub>7</sub>R Antagonism. Design and Synthesis of New Naphtholactam and Naphthosultam Derivatives (2003)

We present in this study an optimization of a preliminary pharmacophore model for 5-HT(7)R antagonism, with the incorporation of recently reported ligands and using an efficient procedure with the CATALYST program. The model consists of five features: a positive ionizable atom (PI), a H-bonding acceptor group (HBA), and three hydrophobic regions (HYD). This model has been supported by the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new naphtholactam and naphthosultam derivatives of general structure I (39-72). A systematic structure-affinity relationship (SAFIR) study on these analogues has allowed us to confirm that the model incorporates the essential structural features for 5-HT(7)R antagonism. In addition, computational simulation of the complex between compound 56 and a rhodopsin-based 3D model of the 5-HT(7)R transmembrane domain has permitted us to define the molecular details of the ligand-receptor interaction and gives additional support to the proposed pharmacophore model for 5-HT(7)R antagonism: (i) the HBA feature of the pharmacophore model binds Ser(5.42) and Thr(5.43), (ii) the HYD1 feature interacts with Phe(6.52), (iii) the PI feature forms an ionic interaction with Asp(3.32), and (iv) the HYD3 (AR) feature interacts with a set of aromatic residues (Phe(3.28), Tyr(7.43)). These results provide the tools for the design and synthesis of new ligands with predetermined affinities and pharmacological properties.
Discovering structural association of semistructured data (2000)

Many semistructured objects are similarly, though not identically structured. We study the problem of discovering "typical" substructures of a collection of semistructured objects. The discovered structures can serve the following purposes: 1) the "table-of-contents" for gaining general information of a source, 2) a road map for browsing and querying information sources, 3) a basis for clustering documents, 4) partial schemas for providing standard database access methods, and 5) user/customer interests and browsing patterns. The discovery task is affected by structural features of semistructured data in a nontrivial way and traditional data mining frameworks are inapplicable. We define this discovery problem and propose a solution.
A Three-Dimensional Arrayed Microfluidic Blood–Brain Barrier Model With Integrated Electrical Sensor Array (2017)

The developed multisite BBB chip is expected to be used for screening drug by more accurately predicting their permeability through BBB as well as their toxicity.
Film Form 1900–1906 (1990)

The 1978 annual conference of the International Federation of Film Archives, held at Brighton in May, has been the occasion for the first complete survey ever made of the surviving fiction films from one period of world production. Even from so remote a period as 1900–6, about 1,500 films are preser
OPTIONS IN GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES FOR MEASUREMENT OF H 2 S IN FUEL GAS (2009)

To reduce the negative environmental effects of acid rain, federal environmental regulations require limits on the emission of SO2 from combustion processes. In many hydrocarbon processing plants, the choices for measuring and controlling SO2 include the indirect method of measuring H2S in the fuel gas used for furnaces and other process combustion units. The federal regulations specify a limit on the quantity of H2S that is permitted in such fuel gases and one common method for measuring the H2S concentration in fuel gas is with process gas chromatography. But two markedly different chromatographic methods also exist which involve using thermal conductivity detection in one case and flame photometric detection in the other. This paper looks at the two techniques and provides comparisons of their relative advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, the potential of the two techniques for modification is considered in light of current discussions about possible further changes in the federal regulations.
Notch, Neural Stem Cells, and Brain Tumors (2008)

The Notch pathway has a fundamental role during cell-fate specification in the developing mammalian nervous system. During neocortical development, Notch signaling inhibits neuronal differentiation and maintains the neural stem/progenitor cell pool to permit successive waves of neurogenesis, which are followed by gliogenesis. In addition, recent evidence suggests that Notch signaling is not uniformly used among distinct proliferative neural cells types, with the canonical cascade functional in neural stem cells but attenuated in neurogenic progenitors. Although the role of Notch in neural development is increasingly well understood, it has recently become evident that Notch also has a role in brain tumor biology. Notch receptors are overexpressed in many different brain tumor types, and they may have an initiating role in some. Stem-like cells in brain tumors share many similarities with neural stem/progenitor cells and may require Notch for their survival and growth. Understanding the role of Notch signaling in neoplastic and non-neoplastic stem/progenitor populations will advance our understanding of basic principles regulating developmental and stem cell biology and may also lead to more effective therapies for brain tumors.
Three Types of Striational Antibodies in Myasthenia Gravis (2011)

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is caused by antibodies that react mainly with the acetylcholine receptor on the postsynaptic site of the neuromuscular junction. A wide range of clinical presentations and associated features allow MG to be classified into subtypes based on autoantibody status. Striational antibodies, which react with epitopes on the muscle proteins titin, ryanodine receptor (RyR), and Kv1.4, are frequently found in MG patients with late-onset and thymoma. Antititin and anti-RyR antibodies are determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or immunoblot. More recently, a method for the detection of anti-Kv1.4 autoantibodies has become available, involving 12-15% of all MG patients. The presence of striational antibodies is associated with more severe disease in all MG subgroups. Anti-Kv1.4 antibody is a useful marker for the potential development of lethal autoimmune myocarditis and response to calcineurin inhibitors. Detection of striational antibodies provides more specific and useful clinical information in MG patients.
Text Detection by Faster R-CNN with Multiple Region Proposal Networks (2017)

We propose an end-to-end consistently trainable text detection method based on the Faster R-CNN. The original Faster R-CNN is an end-to-end CNN for fast and accurate object detection. By considering the characteristics of texts, a novel architecture that make use of its ability on object detection is proposed. Although the original Faster R-CNN generates region of interests (RoIs) by a region proposal network (RPN) using the feature map of the last convolutional layer, the proposed method generates RoIs by multiple RPNs using the feature maps of multiple convolutional layers. This method uses multiresolution feature maps to detect texts of various sizes simultaneously. To aggregate the RoIs, we introduce RoI-merge layer, and this layer enables to select valid RoIs from multiple RPNs effectively. In addition, a training strategy is proposed for realizing end-to-end training and making each RPN be specialized in text region size. Experimental results using ICDAR2013/2015 RRC test dataset show that the proposed Multi-RPN method improved detection scores and kept almost the same detection speed as compared to the original Faster R-CNN and recent methods.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis in the first dimension and isoelectric focusing in the second dimension in a single thin‐layer gel, followed by activity stain for glycosyltransferases (1987)

Abstract A method has been developed for the two‐dimensional separation of proteins in a single thin‐layer gel, using sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the first dimension and isoelectric focusing in the second dimension. After two‐dimensional electrophoresis of concentrated culture supernatants from Streptococcus mutans , the gels were directly stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R‐250 for protein and with periodic acid‐Schiff base reagent for glycoprotein. Glycosyl‐transferases were detected by incubating the gels in a sucrose‐containing buffer, either by visual observation of white spots of the product polysaccharides or by periodic acid‐Schiff staining of the products. All the procedures, including the staining steps, were done in a single gellayer covalently bound to a glass plate. The efficient removal of sodium dodecyl sulfate and renaturation of glycosyltransferases in the gel layers rendered this a simplified and rapid method for the relative molecular mass and isoelectric point determinations in the crude preparations.
Frustratingly Easy Domain Adaptation (2009)

We describe an approach to domain adaptation that is appropriate exactly in the case when one has enough ``target'' data to do slightly better than just using only ``source'' data. Our approach is incredibly simple, easy to implement as a preprocessing step (10 lines of Perl!) and outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on a range of datasets. Moreover, it is trivially extended to a multi-domain adaptation problem, where one has data from a variety of different domains.
Looking in the <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> cabinet of curiosities: the microbium, the host and cancer association (2014)

Summary The past decades of biomedical research have yielded massive evidence for the contribution of the microbiome in the development of a variety of chronic human diseases. There is emerging evidence that Porphyromonas gingivalis , a well‐adapted opportunistic pathogen of the oral mucosa and prominent constituent of oral biofilms, best known for its involvement in periodontitis, may be an important mediator in the development of a number of multifactorial and seemingly unrelated chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and orodigestive cancers. Orodigestive cancers represent a large proportion of the total malignancies worldwide, and include cancers of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. For prevention and/or enhanced prognosis of these diseases, a good understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and the interaction between P. gingivalis and host is much needed. With this review, we introduce the currently accumulated knowledge on P. gingivalis 's plausible association with cancer as a risk modifier, and present the putative cancer‐promoting cellular and molecular mechanisms that this organism may influence in the oral mucosa.