gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) National Practice Guideline for the Use of Medications in the Treatment of Addiction Involving Opioid Use (2015)

The Centers for Disease Control have recently described opioid use and resultant deaths as an epidemic. At this point in time, treating this disease well with medication requires skill and time that are not generally available to primary care doctors in most practice models. Suboptimal treatment has likely contributed to expansion of the epidemic and concerns for unethical practices. At the same time, access to competent treatment is profoundly restricted because few physicians are willing and able to provide it. This "Practice Guideline" was developed to assist in the evaluation and treatment of opioid use disorder, and in the hope that, using this tool, more physicians will be able to provide effective treatment. Although there are existing guidelines for the treatment of opioid use disorder, none have included all of the medications used at present for its treatment. Moreover, few of the existing guidelines address the needs of special populations such as pregnant women, individuals with co-occurring psychiatric disorders, individuals with pain, adolescents, or individuals involved in the criminal justice system. This Practice Guideline was developed using the RAND Corporation (RAND)/University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Appropriateness Method (RAM) - a process that combines scientific evidence and clinical knowledge to determine the appropriateness of a set of clinical procedures. The RAM is a deliberate approach encompassing review of existing guidelines, literature reviews, appropriateness ratings, necessity reviews, and document development. For this project, American Society of Addiction Medicine selected an independent committee to oversee guideline development and to assist in writing. American Society of Addiction Medicine's Quality Improvement Council oversaw the selection process for the independent development committee. Recommendations included in the guideline encompass a broad range of topics, starting with the initial evaluation of the patient, the selection of medications, the use of all the approved medications for opioid use disorder, combining psychosocial treatment with medications, the treatment of special populations, and the use of naloxone for the treatment of opioid overdose. Topics needing further research were noted.
Pivot viewer based visualization of information analysis (2012)

Pivot Viewer takes efficiency of analysis and interaction with excessive data online to a brand new level. This paper depicts its info-graphic novelty and instructs system design. With such application, users can make better choices and decisions by getting more value from thousands of pieces of information at once and viewing relationships between the items.
Discrete-Variable Extremum Problems (1957)

This paper reviews some recent successes in the use of linear programming methods for the solution of discrete-variable extremum problems. One example of the use of the multistage approach of dynamic programming for this purpose is also discussed.
Studien in der heterocyclischen Reihe, II. Mitteil.: Die Synthese von 1.3.5‐Triazinen und 5‐Oxy‐isoxazol‐Derivaten (1954)

Abstract Bei der Umsetzung von Acyl‐aryl‐acetonitrilen mit Guanidin bildeten sich nicht die erwarteten Pyrimidinderivate, sondern 1.3.5‐Triazine. Auch wenn man die Anilinverbindung des α‐Formyl‐α‐ p ‐chlorphenyl‐acetonitrils mit Guanidin reagieren lieβ, erhielt man ein Triazin; aus den Anilinderivaten der homologen Acyl‐Verbindungen bildeten sich die entsprechenden Pyrimidine. Andere Reaktionsprodukte der Ketogruppe der Acyl‐aryl‐acetonitrile, wie das Oxim, das Semicarbazon und das Phenylhydrazon konnten nicht isoliert werden, weil sofort ein Ringschluß mit der Nitrilgruppe eintrat, wie durch die Aufnahme der UR‐Spektren nachgewiesen wurde. Die Umsetzung der Nitrile mit Hydroxylamin führte zu den Amino‐bzw. Imino‐isoxazolen, die durch Säuren zu 5‐Oxy‐isoxazolen verseift wurden.
Experimental Study on the Ischemic Wound Treated by VAC in Rabbit Ear (2012)

Objective: To observe the relationship between the wound healing and continuous or intermittent negative pressure treatment.Methods: The ear of wach rat was molted with depilatory(Wair,carfer,NY).The animals were anesthetized by ear vein injection of 1% sodium pentobarbital(30 mg/kg bady weight) and fixed on the operating table.The bilateral ear skin was disinfected with 75% ethanol and a fullthickness skin wound,2.5cm in diameter,3-3.5cm away from the ear rout was created in each ear.The central neurovascular bundle of the ear was ligated(retain the perichondrium).After stop bleeding,the animal was placed in a specially made wooden box.There were 42 rabbits with 84 ischemic wounds were randomly divided into 3 major groups in which every group has-50mmHg,-75mmHg,-100mmHg negative pressure group,and each subjected to intermittent negative(2 minutes on,1 minute off) or continuous treatment.At 1,3,7,10,14,20d after wounding and immediate treatment,the wound healing was evaluated,and taking the 7th day tissue samples for western blotting,HE staining,VEGF expression,and histological examination for epithelial regeneration,granulation formation,and apoptosis detection.Results: The wounds treated by-50mmHg negative pressure healed fastest,the-75 mmHg group second,and the-100 mmHg group,slowest.At the same time point,in-50mmHg negative group,the VEGF expression,granulation tissue formation,and capillary members significantly lager than that in other 2 groups,also the cell apoptosis significantly reduced.Conclusion: VAC thrapy can promote ischemic wound healing in rabbit dorsal ear.The reason is that it can promote VEGF expression,increase capillary and granulation tissue,and reduce cell apoptosis.
Knowledge-guided visual perception of 3-D human gait from a single image sequence (1992)

A computer vision method is presented to determine the 3-D spatial locations of joints or feature points of human body from a film recording the human motion during walking. The proposed method first applies the geometric projection theory to obtain a set of feasible postures from a single image, then it makes use of the given dimensions of the human stick figure, physiological and motion-specific knowledge to constrain the feasible postures in both the single-frame analysis and the multi-frame analysis. Finally a unique gait interpretation is selected by an optimization algorithm. Computer simulations are used to illustrate the ideas presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of Additives on Magnetic Properties of High Frequency MnZn Power Ferrite (2004)

The effect of additives, such as CaO and V2O5 on the magnetic properties of high frequency MnZn power ferrite is studied by the conventional ceramic process. As a result, the grain boundary resistivity increases and the power loss declines with the addition of CaO enriched at the grain boundary. By adding an optimum amount of V2O5 which acts indirectly via liquid phase formation and influences the microstructural development during sintering, the crystalline grain of ferrite was refined, the porosity decreases, the amount of grain boundary and the grain boundary resistivity increased, so the power loss is suppressed.
Paper ionophoresis of amino compounds. Formation of carbamates, and related reaction (1964)

Carbamates (N-carboxy derivatives) are formed when solutions of primary or secondary amino compounds in strong alkali are exposed on paper strips to carbon dioxide, and may be separated by paper ionophoresis and detected as additional, anionic components. The formation of mono-, di-, tricarbamates, and so on, from a polyamino compound occurs concurrently, and when an amino compound containing n reactive groups is submitted to paper ionophoresis in 0.lN sodium hydroxide at 18-20° after exposure to carbon dioxide, it affords n additional spots. Most primary and secondary amino groups in saturated compounds, and some aromatic amino groups, are reactive, but highly hindered amino groups are not. Some unreactive groups become reactive when the ionophoresis is conducted at 1-2°. The procedure is analytically useful, and may be used to gain information about the structure of amino compounds. The conditions favouring the formation of carbamates have been defined by paper ionophoresis. The primary reaction in the formation of carbamates is the addition of carbon dioxide to the amino nitrogen atom; carbamates are not formed directly from the carbonate ion. The rate of reaction with carbon dioxide and the stability of the carbamates may be correlated with the steric and electronic environment of the amino groups. Low temperature and high alkalinity are essential for the stability of carbamates in solution.&nbsp;The "basic mercury carbamates" described by Neuberg and Kerb (Biochem. Z., 1912, 40, 498) do not seem to have the structure assigned by these authors. Dithiocarbamates obtained by reaction of amines with carbon disulphide in alkaline solution are easily identified by paper ionophoresis, but they cannot readily be formed on the paper strip. Attempts to prepare N-sulphinates by reaction of amino compounds with sulphur dioxide on paper strips have been unsuccessful.
Review of Functional Data Analysis (2015)

With the advance of modern technology, more and more data are being recorded continuously during a time interval or intermittently at several discrete time points. They are both examples of "functional data", which have become a prevailing type of data. Functional Data Analysis (FDA) encompasses the statistical methodology for such data. Broadly interpreted, FDA deals with the analysis and theory of data that are in the form of functions. This paper provides an overview of FDA, starting with simple statistical notions such as mean and covariance functions, then covering some core techniques, the most popular of which is Functional Principal Component Analysis (FPCA). FPCA is an important dimension reduction tool and in sparse data situations can be used to impute functional data that are sparsely observed. Other dimension reduction approaches are also discussed. In addition, we review another core technique, functional linear regression, as well as clustering and classification of functional data. Beyond linear and single or multiple index methods we touch upon a few nonlinear approaches that are promising for certain applications. They include additive and other nonlinear functional regression models, such as time warping, manifold learning, and dynamic modeling with empirical differential equations. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of future directions.
Sub-Synchronous Interaction Damping Control for DFIG Wind Turbines (2014)

This paper presents a damping control to mitigate sub-synchronous interactions (SSI) in doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines connected to series-compensated lines. This issue has gained attention due to the recent SSI phenomena reported in DFIG wind farms located near series capacitors. Two approaches which add a supplementary damping control signal are compared: one of them, integrated to the grid-side converter, and the other one, to the rotor-side converter. The SSI damping controls are designed using a multi-input multi-output state-space methodology. This allows to easily tune a high performance controller using several measurements and control inputs. Small- and large-signal stability analyses, robustness aspects, impact of the supplementary controls on the system modes, and influence of different operating conditions on the SSI are also discussed. The obtained results show that the supplementary control is able to properly damp the sub-synchronous oscillations of DFIG wind turbines by updating the existing DFIG control systems without the inclusion of expensive additional damping devices, and reducing the risk of wind generation tripping.
An ultra-low-power self-biased current reference (2004)

This paper presents the design of an ultra-low-power self-biased 400pA current source. An efficient design methodology has resulted in a cell area around 0.045mm2 (0.027mm2) in the AMIS 1.5μm (TSMC 0.35μm) CMOS technology and power consumption around 2nW for 1.2V supply. Simulated and experimental results validate the design and show that the current sources can operate at supply voltages down to 1.1V with a good regulation (< 4%/V variation of the supply voltage in a 0.35μm technology). This current source is suitable for very-low-power applications.
[Effect of prolonged treatment with proton pump inhibitors on serum gastrin levels and the fundus mucosa. Preliminary results]. (1995)

There were minor modifications of fundic argyrophil cell population and of gastrinaemia during the study period. They were not related to chronic atrophic gastritis. However, survey is mandatory in patients treated with high dose proton pump inhibitors, in those in whom gastrinaemia is elevated and when treatment duration is longer than 5 years.
Effect of a vitamin D<sub>3</sub>-based nutritional supplement (`Videchol') on carbohydrate metabolism of rats following chronic low dose-rate irradiation (2001)

In this study we evaluated the effects of the administration of a vitamin D3 preparation 'Videchol' to chronically irradiated rats (1 cGy day(-1)) by the assessment of the activities of several glycolytic enzymes: lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) (EC 1.1.1.28), pyruvate kinase (PK) (EC 2.7.1.40) and hexokinase (HK) (EC 2.7.1.1), in populations of erythroid and myeloid bone marrow cells. Videchol treatment of irradiated rats led to the normalisation of HK and LDH activity at cumulative doses of around 30 cGy in granulocyte-monocyte cells and to normalisation of LDH and PK activities in erythroid cells starting at 20 cGy in comparison with irradiated rats who did not receive Videchol. The reaction kinetic parameters of LDH in erythrocytes changed according to the redistribution pattern of the isozymes throughout the different stages of the experiment. The administration of Videchol to irradiated rats led to a rearrangement of the LDH isozymes ratio characterised by kinetic properties more comparable to those of the controls. Thus, vitamin D3 appears to induce a normalisation of carbohydrate metabolism in rats chronically irradiated with low dose-rate ionising radiation.
Cerebral circulation and metabolism after severe traumatic brain injury: the elusive role of ischemia (1991)

Although experimental and pathological studies suggest an important role for ischemia in the majority of fatal cases of traumatic brain injury, ischemia has been a rare finding in most clinical studies of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in head-injured patients. The hypothesis of the present study was that cerebral ischemia occurs in the first few hours after injury, but that CBF measurements have not been performed early enough. Early measurements of CBF (by the 133Xe intravenous method) and arteriovenous oxygen difference (AVDO2) were obtained in 186 adult head-injured patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or less, and were correlated with neurological status and outcome. During the first 6 hours after injury, CBF was low (22.5 +/- 5.2 ml/100 gm/min) but increased significantly during the first 24 hours. The AVDO2 followed the opposite course; the decline of AVDO2 was most profound in patients with low motor scores, suggesting relative hyperemia after 24 hours. A significant correlation between motor score and CBF was found in the first 8 hours after injury (Spearman coefficient = 0.69, p less than 0.001), but as early as 12 hours postinjury this correlation was lost. A similar pattern was found for the relationship between CBF and outcome. Cerebral blood flow below the threshold for infarction (CBF less than or equal to 18 ml/100 gm/min) was found in one-third of the studies obtained within 6 hours, the incidence rapidly decreasing thereafter. A low CBF after 24 hours was not generally associated with a high AVDO2, and was probably a reflection of low oxidative metabolism rather than frank ischemia. In 24 patients, a CBF of 18 ml/100 gm/min or less was found at some point after injury; the mortality rate was significantly higher in this subgroup, and survivors did worse. In some cases, ischemia was successfully treated by reducing hyperventilation or inducing arterial hypertension. These results support the above hypothesis, and suggest that early ischemia after traumatic brain injury may be an important factor determining neurological outcome. Moreover, these data indicate that early hyperventilation or lowering of blood pressure to prevent brain edema may be harmful.
A Molecular Beam Resonance Method with Separated Oscillating Fields (1950)

A new molecular beam resonance method using separated oscillating fields at the incident and emergent ends of the homogeneous field region is theoretically investigated in this paper. An expression is obtained for the quantum mechanical transition probability of a system between two states when the system is subjected to such separated oscillating fields. This is numerically averaged over the molecular velocity distribution and provides the theoretical shape of the resonance curves. It is found that resonances with such a technique have a theoretical half-width only 0.6 as great as those by conventional molecular beam resonance methods. In addition to producing sharper resonance minima, the new method has its resonances much less broadened by inhomogeneities of the fixed field, it makes possible resonance experiments in regions into which an oscillating field cannot be introduced, and it is more convenient and effective with short wave-length radiation.
Mechanical and cold allodynia in a rat spinal cord contusion model (2004)

This study examined the time course of mechanical and cold allodynia in rat hindpaw after spinal cord contusion. Hindpaw withdrawal threshold to graded von Frey hair stimulation and withdrawal frequency to acetone application were measured in rats subjected to contusions of varying severity, produced by a MASCIS impactor device with a 10 g weight dropped from 6.25, 12.5, or 25 mm. Mechanical and cold allodynia developed following the injury, and differences in the incidence of allodynia and in withdrawal threshold were significant among these groups. The least severe injury (6.25 mm) most consistently caused a decreased hindpaw threshold to mechanical stimulation and an increased withdrawal frequency to cold.
Myocardial dysfunction in treated adult hypopituitarism: a possible explanation for increased cardiovascular mortality. (1992)

This study suggests that left ventricular mass and the rate-pressure product are related to the degree of growth hormone deficiency, that left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is frequently seen in hypopituitarism, and that these patients may have ischaemic-like ST segment changes during exercise testing. These findings may explain the increased cardiovascular mortality in patients with hypopituitarism and may also have implications for growth hormone replacement therapy in adults.
HERVd: database of human endogenous retroviruses (2002)

The human endogenous retroviruses database (HERVd) is maintained at the Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, and is accessible via the World Wide Web at http://herv.img.cas.cz. The HERVd provides complex information on and analysis of retroviral elements found in the human genome. It can be used for searches of individual HERV families, identification of HERV parts, graphical output of HERV structures, comparison of HERVs and identification of retrovirus integration sites.
Contrasting landform perception with varied radar illumination geometries and at simulated resolutions of Venera and Magellan (1989)

The high sensitivity of imaging radars to slope at moderate to low incidence angles enhances the perception of linear topography on images. It reveals broad spatial patterns that are essential to landform mapping and interpretation. As radar responses are strongly directional, the ability to discriminate linear features on images varies with their orientation. Landforms that appear prominent on images where they are transverse to the illumination may be obscure to indistinguishable on images where they are parallel to it. Landform detection is also influenced by the spatial resolution in radar images. Seasat radar images of the Gran Desierto Dunes complex, Sonora, Mexico; the Appalachian Valley and Ridge Province; and accreted terranes in eastern interior Alaska were processed to simulate both Venera 15 and 16 images (1000 to 3000 km resolution) and image data expected from the Magellan mission (120 to 300 m resolution. The Gran Desierto Dunes are not discernable in the Venera simulation, whereas the higher resolution Magellan simulation shows dominant dune patterns produced from differential erosion of the rocks. The Magellan simulation also shows that fluvial processes have dominated erosion and exposure of the folds.
The Intel® Quick Sync Video technology in the 2nd-generation Intel Core processor family (2011)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on the special features, system design, processing capabilities, and targeted markets for Intel's Quick Sync Video, a product that deploys video transcoding on processor graphics.
Controlled Low-Strength Materials Containing Mixtures of Coal Ash and New Pozzolanic Material (2003)

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Characterization Of Turbid Media Using Stokes And Mueller-matrix Polarimetry (2014)

In this thesis we present the application of polarized light to characterize porcine liver and phantoms with matched bulk optical properties, correlate the depolarization of tissues with transport albedo and evaluate the severity of liver injury.We have used the Mueller matrix analysis and polar decomposition method for extraction of individual polarization properties in this thesis. We investigated the polarization properties of thick samples (1 cm) of porcine liver, intralipid phantoms and polystyrene micro-spheres phantoms with matched bulk optical properties. Significant depolarization differences between porcine liver and phantoms are observed. Contrary to previously reported results for transmission geometry, our results show the enhanced polarization preservation for porcine liver tissues as compared to fabricated phantoms, particularly in the backscattering detection geometry. Moreover, the intralipid phantoms, polarization behavior is well approximated with liver tissue as compared to the polystyrene sphere phantoms.Polarized light imaging was employed to investigate the correlation between light depolarization and transport albedo for six different isotropic and anisotropic thick tissues in both transmission and backscattering mode. Total, linear and circular depolarization rates were observed to be dependent on the measured transport albedos, where depolarization increases with transport albedo for all type of tissues independent of detection geometries. Higher depolarization rates were observed for anisotropic tissues as compared to isotropic ones for comparable transport albedos, demonstrating the birefringence-caused depolarization in addition to scattering-caused depolarization. The ex vivo severity assessment of different liver injuries induced by carbon tetra chloride (CCl4) was probed by polarized light in the visible spectral range.Less injured liver samples show higher linear retardance as compared to normal liver tissue, while worse injuries correspond to almost no retardance.Fibrosis is the likely cause at less severe injuries results in higher observed linear retardance whereas more serious injuries destroy any kind of organization and hence yield no retardance.Furthermore, total linear and circular-depolarizations were observed to decrease with increased injuries.Most likely causes include change of transport albedo and relative refractive index of extracellular matrix.