gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compatibility and stability of ketorolac tromethamine and morphine hydrochloride in 0.9% sodium chloride injection (2007)

Introduction: Ketorolac added to morphine solution as a convenient regimen for pain management is common in clinical practice in many centers. However, the analytical confirmation of the compatibility and stability of this combination has rarely been performed. This study examined the compatibility and stability of ketorolac tromethamine and morphine hydrochloride combined in 0.9% sodium chloride injection. Materials and methods: Ketorolac tromethamine and morphine hydrochloride were mixed together in 0.9% sodium chloride injection at pH 5–9 at a final concentration of 2 mg/ml for ketorolac and 1 mg/ml for morphine. In addition, 20 different ketorolac–morphine mixture solutions were prepared by combing various concentrations of each individual drug. The compatibility and stability of these solutions were studied using high performance liquid chromatography. Results: There was no significant loss of drug, neither ketorolac tromethamine nor morphine hydrochloride, with the ketorolac (2 mg/ml) + morphine (1 mg/ml) solution at pH 5–9 at room temperature over a period of 3 days. All solutions with a multiplication product of the initial ketorolac and morphine concentration (the [K] × [M] product) of ≤ 6.25 mg2/ml2 remained stable at room temperature over a period of 14 days. However, solutions with a [K] × [M] product ≥ 7.5 mg2/ml2 were stable for no more than 3 days. Conclusions: A ketorolac (2 mg/ml) + morphine (1 mg/ml) solution can be used at physiological pH and is stable for at least 3 days at room temperature. However, mixture solutions with a [K] × [M] product greater than 7.5 mg2/ml2 may not be suitable for use after a 3-day storage period because of poor drug compatibility and stability.
An Inactivated Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccine Propagated in Chick-Embryo Cell Culture (1970)

A formalin-inactivated Eastern equine encephalomyelitis vaccine was prepared from the PE-6 strain virus, propagated in primary chick-embryo cell cultures maintained with Medium 199 containing 0.25% human serum albumin. To effect an increase in antigenic mass per unit volume of fluid harvest, we used the pooled fluids from the first tissue-culture passage as maintenance medium for two additional passages. A formalin concentration of 1:2,000 (0.05%) at 37°C was used for inactivation of the virus suspension. Tests on the "in-process" and final vaccine documented the safety and sterility. Tests of potency on the final lyophilized product in hamsters and guinea pigs yielded ED50 values of 0.009 ml and 0.012 ml, respectively. Recent assays have revealed no change in potency after storage of the final product for 17 months at -20°C.
The Neverending Story: la reforma inacabada de la fiscalidad de las entidades sin fines lucrativos y de los incentivos fiscales al mecenazgo (2019)

Este trabajo ha obtenido un accésit del Premio «Estudios Financieros» 2019 en la modalidad de Tributación. En el siglo XXI nadie niega el papel que las entidades sin fines lucrativos desempeñan en la consecución de fines de interés general a nivel global, ni el peso económico que representan en la economía mundial. Cuando la crisis de 2008 nos hizo dudar de la capacidad del establishment para sacarnos de ella, muchos nos sentimos reconfortados por su existencia. Los gobiernos a través de sus diferentes políticas públicas reconocen su papel relevante en las sociedades. Una de ellas es la política fiscal. Es por ello que estas entidades y el sector privado que participa en su financiación son merecedoras de un régimen fiscal especial y de beneficios fiscales en la mayoría de los sistemas tributarios del mundo. En el Estado español, este régimen fiscal se aprobó en 2002 y ha sido objeto de pocas y puntuales reformas en sus diecisiete años de vigencia. Su reforma forma parte permanentemente de la agenda política de los gobiernos, pero nunca llega a culminarse. La presente contribución efectúa un análisis de algunos elementos de este régimen fiscal que deben ser objeto de modificación sin mayor dilación, por diversas razones, y realiza una serie de propuestas de lege ferenda, a la luz de pronunciamientos jurisprudenciales de orden interno y comunitario, de doctrina administrativa consolidada, así como de las lecciones extraídas de la experiencia de otros Estados miembros de la Unión Europea.
Control of histone modifications (1999)

A role for histone modifications in transcription processes and the remodeling of chromatin structure has been established. This review highlights the recent advances made in studies on histone acetyltransferases, histone deacetylases, histone kinases, and protein phosphatases, as well as their roles in transcriptional activation and repression. Coactivators with histone acetyltransferase activity stimulate transcription, whereas corepressors with histone deacetylase activity repress transcription. Families of histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases have been identified. We have learned that their substrates are not limited to histones but also include transcription factors and architectural proteins. Studies on the composition of multiprotein complexes with histone acetyltransferase or histone deacetylase have revealed mechanisms by which these complexes are recruited to specific genomic sites that are transcriptionally active, silenced, or being repaired. A new and exciting development, presented in this review, is the role of signal transduction pathways in the phosphorylation of histone H3 and the expression of immediate-early genes. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppls. 32/33:141-148, 1999.
Skier Injury Trends—1972–1990 (1993)

Between 1972 and 1990 the authors evaluated prospectively 6671 injuries reported to the injury clinic operated in the base lodge of a moderate size northern Vermont ski area. During that time approximately 2 032 000 skier-visits occurred at the area. The overall injury rate decreased by 48% during the study. Lower leg injuries improved the most with an 83% reduction noted. Overall, the incidence of knee ligament injuries didn't change significantly. However, the incidence of minor to moderate injuries did diminish by 70% while severe knee sprains, usually involving the anterior cruciate ligament, increased very significantly (209%). In general, the incidence of upper body injuries did not change although upper body lacerations and thumb ulnar collateral ligament sprains improved by 55% and 59% respectively, while clavicular fractures increased in incidence significantly (176%).
An Analog Front-End Circuit for ISO/IEC 14443-compatible RFID Interrogators (2004)

An analog front-end circuit for ISO/IEC 14443compatible radio frequency identification (RFID) interrogators was designed and fabricated by using a 0.25 µm double-poly CMOS process. The fabricated chip was operated using a 3.3 Volt single-voltage supply. The results of this work could be provided as reusable IPs in the form of hard or firm IPs for designing single-chip ISO/IEC 14443-compatible RFID interrogators.
Transition-overhead-aware voltage scheduling for fixed-priority real-time systems (2007)

Time transition overhead is a critical problem for hard real-time systems that employ dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) for power and energy management. While it is a common practice of much previous work to ignore transition overhead, these algorithms cannot guarantee deadlines and/or are less effective in saving energy when transition overhead is significant and not appropriately dealt with. In this article we introduce two techniques, one offline and one online, to correctly account for transition overhead in preemptive fixed-priority real-time systems. We present several DVS scheduling algorithms that implement these methods that can guarantee task deadlines under arbitrarily large transition time overheads and reduce energy consumption by as much as 40% when compared to previous methods.
Aids in Hydrothermal Experimentation: II, Methods of Making Mixtures for Both “Dry” and “Wet” Phase Equilibrium Studies (1956)

Various methods for the preparation of mixtures for phase equilibrium studies are described. Especial attention has been paid to compositions which cannot be preserved in a glass structure.
Germany at the forefront of energy from waste: what can the UK learn? (2013)

European waste markets all fall under the joint regulatory framework determined by European Union (EU) legislation. Despite this, there are still strong structural differences among the EU-27 countries, such as differences in national quotas for recycling, landfilling and energy from waste (Ef W). In particular, in the most mature markets, it is clear that Ef W contributes significantly to sustainable waste management – not opposing, but complementing, recycling. Comparing the German Ef W market, as a mature market, and the UK market, which can be regarded as a growth market in Ef W, several differences are obvious. These include waste arisings, national legislation, planning frameworks, support instruments, number and size of market participants and the existing Ef W plant structure and technology. MVV Umwelt, with an incineration capacity of 1·4 Mt/year (non-recyclable waste and biomass), is one of the market leaders in Germany, and it has also been active in the UK market since September 2008. In March 2011, it signed a project agreement with the South West Devon Waste Partnership for the design, finance, construction and 25 year operation of an Ef W combined heat and power (CHP) plant in Plymouth. Planning permission for the project was granted in February 2012. The main focus of the company’s operations, not only in Germany but also in UK projects, lies in energy efficiency as well as CHP energy generation.
Polyfluorophenyl Ester-Terminated Homobifunctional Cross-Linkers for Protein Conjugation (2017)

Along with N-hydroxysuccinimidyl, p-nitrophenyl, and phenylseleno esters, tetra- and penta-fluorophenyl esters were comparatively evaluated in term of their reactivity and hydrolytic stability. Their homobifunctional cross-linkers were prepared to conjugate proteins with small molecules, including carbohydrates, fluorescent dyes, and poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether. The conjugations proceeded under mild conditions, affording the corresponding protein conjugates with good efficiency.
Ytterbium Triflate Promoted Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives (2004)

Differently substituted benzimidazoles have been synthesised in very good yields in solvent-free conditions from o-phenylenediamine and aldehydes in the presence of Yb(OTf)3 as catalyst. The method is applicable to aromatic, unsaturated and ­aliphatic aldehydes and to substituted o-phenylenediamines without significant differences.
DISTRIBUTION OF ANDROGEN METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN ISOLATED TISSUES OF HUMAN FOREHEAD AND AXILLARY SKIN (1978)

The distribution of androgen metabolism in human skin was studied using tissues isolated either by direct dissection of axillary skin or by dissection of collagenase-digested forehead and axillary skin. All tissues (epidermis, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles and dermis) were found to contain 17beta-, 3beta- and 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) activities, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-delta4--5 isomerase (delta5-3beta-HSD) activity and 5alpha-reductase activity. All tissues converted testosterone into 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. In confirmation of previous histochemical studies, over 90% of the delta5-3beta-HSD of forehead skin was found in the sebaceous glands. In forehead skin, 40--66% of the 5alpha-reductase activity was in the sebaceous glands, while in axillary skin 50--70% was in the sweat glands, especially the apocrine glands. There was a more even distribution of 17beta-HSD activity in skin tissues than histochemical studies have indicated previously. Knowledge of the distribution of these enzymes has helped in the understanding of the function of androgen metabolism in skin.
[A study of antiendothelial cell antibodies in Behcet's disease]. (2005)

AECA could be found more frequently in patients with Behcet's disease, associated closely with disease activity, which suggest that AECA may be used as an index in monitoring disease activity and effect of therapy in Behcet's disease. But AECA could also be found in other systemic vasculitis and SLE.
In Vivo Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of Voriconazole in an Animal Model of Dermatophytosis (2007)

The standard treatment for tinea capitis caused by Microsporum species for many years has been oral griseofulvin, which is no longer universally marketed. Voriconazole has been demonstrated to inhibit growth of Microsporum canis in vitro. We evaluated the efficacy and tissue pharmacokinetics of oral voriconazole in a guinea pig model of dermatophytosis. Guinea pigs (n = 16) were inoculated with M. canis conidia on razed skin. Voriconazole was dosed orally at 20 mg/kg/day for 12 days (days 3 to 14). The guinea pigs were scored clinically (redness and lesion severity) and mycologically (microscopy and culture) until day 17. Voriconazole concentrations were measured day 14 in blood, skin biopsy specimens, and interstitial fluid obtained by microdialysis in selected animals. Clinically, the voriconazole-treated animals had significantly less redness and lower lesion scores than untreated animals from days 7 and 10, respectively (P < 0.05). Skin scrapings from seven of eight animals in the voriconazole-treated group were microscopy and culture negative in contrast to zero of eight animals from the untreated group at day 14. The colony counts per specimen were significantly higher in samples from untreated animals (mean colony count of 28) than in the voriconazole-treated animals (<1 in the voriconazole group [P < 0.0001]). The voriconazole concentration in microdialysate (unbound) ranged from 0.9 to 2.0 microg/ml and in the skin biopsy specimens total from 9.1 to 35.9 microg/g. In conclusion, orally administered voriconazole leads to skin concentrations greater than the necessary MICs for Microsporum and was shown to be highly efficacious in an animal model of dermatophytosis. Voriconazole may be a future alternative for treatment of tinea capitis in humans.
Thermal stability of kraft black liquor viscosity at elevated temperatures (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal stability of kraft black liquor viscosity at elevated temperaturesJames D. Small Jr. and Arthur L. FrickeCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1985, 24, 4, 608–614Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/i300020a022RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (861 KB) Get e-Alerts
Forward-link-power control in CDMA cellular systems (1992)

The forward-link (base to mobile) power-control problem in code division multiple access (CDMA) cellular systems is studied. For a better understanding of the problem, a simple analytical model is developed for the neighboring-cell interference experienced by users as a function of distance from their home base station. Using this model, the recently proposed nth-power-of-distance power-control laws are investigated, especially with regard to the possibility of creation of a service hole. The investigation leads to the shape of the optimum radial distance dependent power-control law that will provide uniform service to all the users.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Survival After Pancreatoduodenectomy (1990)

Twenty-one years ago, Howard published a paper entitled "Forty-one Consecutive Whipple Resections Without an Operative Mortality." That paper stimulated the present analysis of the last 118 consecutive pancreatoduodenectomies (107 Whipple and 11 total resections) performed at the Surgical University Clinic Mannheim from November 1985 to the present day with no deaths. Ninety-one resections were performed for neoplasms and 27 were for complicated chronic pancreatitis. The preoperative evaluation, operative technique, and postoperative care of these cases is discussed in detail and compared to the experience of Howard. While there was general agreement on operative technique, there were differences concerning preoperative evaluation (modern imaging methods) and postoperative care (simplification). In this series 21 postoperative complications required seven relaparotomies. Long-term survival after resection for carcinoma was analyzed for 133 consecutive patients who were shown to have true ductal adenocarcinoma. In 76 patients, who had radical (R0-) resections, the actuarial 5-year-survival rate was 36%. In 44 patients, whose R0-resections for pancreatic cancer occurred more than 5 years ago, the actual survival rate was 25%.
Abnormal fetal cardiac axis in the detection of intrathoracic anomalies and congenital heart disease (1997)

In a 14-month period, 409 women with singleton gestations referred for perinatal ultrasound consultation underwent evaluation of the fetal cardiac axis. Cardiac and intrathoracic anomalies were confirmed either by neonatal echocardiography or autopsy. Overall, 32 fetuses had an abnormal axis (nine, smaller axis than normal; 23, larger axis than normal). Of the 29 found to have cardiac (n = 24) or intrathoracic (n = 5) anomalies, 23 had an abnormal axis. The median cardiac axis of the normal group (44.0 degrees) was significantly smaller than that of the cardiac/intrathoracic anomaly group(60.0 degrees) (p = 0.002). The cardiac axis was independent of gestational age. The mean interobserver variation was 1.3 +/- 1.8 degrees. The sensitivity of an abnormal axis (< 28 degrees or > 59 degrees) in detecting congenital heart disease or intrathoracic anomalies was 23/29 (79.3%), with specificity of 371/380 (97.5%), positive predictive value of 23/32 (71.9%), and negative predictive value of 371/377 (98.4%). Of those with a cardiac anomaly and an abnormal axis (n = 18), five were felt to have an initial normal four-chamber view. An abnormal fetal cardiac axis, either larger or smaller than normal, is suggestive of a cardiac or intrathoracic anomaly and requires further investigation, such as fetal echocardiography. The cardiac axis should be considered with the four-chamber view in fetal ultrasound evaluation.
Complications after Spinal Cord Injury (2013)

Concepts of stability in the vertebral column are complex and frequently confusing. The vertebral column serves to transmit loads, permit motion, and protect the spinal cord. The pathological outcome of trauma to the spinal cord is related to a “primary” mechanical injury at the epicenter of the damage. Cardiovascular and pulmonary compromise may affect perfusion and oxygen delivery to the spinal cord, exacerbating the damage and therefore worsening secondary Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). Delayed spinal cord compression may also develop from a hematoma within the spinal canal or movement of bone or prolapsed disk in a spine that is not properly immobilized. Animal models of SCI have offered the hope that damage caused by secondary injury can be mitigated by early pharmacological intervention. Radiologically proven compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots mandates surgical intervention for decompression and stabilization in the patient with incomplete SCI.
ESD clamp protection structure with current mirror trigger circuit in submicron CMOS technology (2014)

An ESD clamp protection structure with current mirror for capacitor boosting was proposed in this paper. For the power rail protection, silicon-control-rectifier (SCR) is a better choice than the BIGFET as main ESD clamp device, which can provide better ESD robustness with smaller area and lower leakage current. The area of protection structure is reduced further for the utility of capacitor boosting technique. The trigger performance of the power rail clamp device was verified in the commercial CMOS process with featured size of 0.18°m. The total area of 50°m×50°m was achieved. The failure phenomenon in the measurement was also discussed for further improvement in this paper.
Properties of Different Nano-Metallic Particles in Optical Trapping (2010)

Metal nanoparticles are well-known to exhibit a strong interaction with light, which have very important applications and one of them, recent years, is optical trapping of the metallic nanoparticles. Based on the principle of the optical trapping for metallic nanoparticles, in this paper, the gradient forces and the scattering forces in the optical trapping for gold-, silver- and copper-nanoparticles have been analyzed and calculated numerically. Typical power spectra for gold-, silver- and copper-nanoparticles have been obtained. It is shown from the calculation results that under what condition these metallic nanoparticles can be trapped, and the stability of the potential well for these metallic nanoparticles has been analyzed in order to know whether the well was deep enough for overcoming the gravity and Brownian motion.
Memory, cAMP, and PACAP-a phylogenetically conserved function? Studies in Lymnea stagnalis (2010)

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a highly conserved polypeptide, which, along with its receptors (PAC1-R, VPAC1, and VPAC2), is expressed in both vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. In the first part of the present study, we showed the presence of PACAP in Lymnea stagnalis by mass spectrometry and investigated whether PACAP elevates cAMP in cerebral ganglia. VIP, PACAP, and maxadilan increased cAMP levels by ~47, 79, and 82% of control levels, respectively, and this effect could be blocked by the co-application of the antagonist PACAP6-38 and maxadilan antagonist.
A ferroelectric capacitor simulation model (2002)

The authors have developed a model of the switching mechanism within lead zirconate titanate (PZT) materials that allows accurate reproduction of the change in material polarization with the change in applied field. Changes in the electrical characteristics of the material due to aging, fatigue, and temperature may be reflected by changes in the model parameters. The model may be simulated numerically and inserted into software to simulate the operation of a ferroelectric capacitor in an electronic circuit. The authors describe the theoretical model, develop the numerical algorithm for simulating the operation of a ferroelectric capacitor, and provide examples of waveforms generated by the simulation for standard test and application circuit configurations using a ferroelectric capacitor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>