gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotection by Docosahexaenoic Acid in Brain Injury (2014)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid highly enriched in the brain and is recognized as an essential nutrient for proper development of brain function. Common brain injuries often cause lifelong neurological and cognitive impairments, especially in learning and memory. Optimizing the nutritional DHA status in neural tissues may allow significantly improved resilience for the central nervous system to injury and optimized recovery. This article discusses neuroprotective effects of DHA, which are potentially important for improving injury outcome, thus reducing the risk of lifelong neurological impairment associated with brain injury.
Finding Response Times in a Real-Time System (1986)

There are two major performance issues in a real-time system where a processor has a set of devices connected to it at different priority levels. The first is to prove whether, for a given assignment of devices to priority levels, the system can handle its peak processing load without losing any inputs from the devices. The second is to determine the response time for each device. There may be several ways of assigning the devices to priority levels so that the peak processing load is met, but only some (or perhaps none) of these ways will also meet the response-time requirements for the devices. In this paper, we define a condition that must be met to handle the peak processing load and describe how exact worst-case response times can then be found. When the condition cannot be met, we show how the addition of buffers for inputs can be useful. Finally, we discuss the use of multiple processors in systems for real-time applications.
On the structure and synthesis of neuroprotectin D1, a novel anti-inflammatory compound of the docosahexaenoic acid family (2005)

Potato tuber lipoxygenase was shown to convert 17(S)-hydro(pero)xydocasahexaenoic acid in 10,17(S)-dihydro(pero)xydocosahexa-4Z,7Z,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-enoic acid [10,17(S)-diHDHA] which was formed apparently through a double lipoxygenation mechanism. No traces of 10,17(S)-dihydro(pero)xydocosahexa-4Z,7Z,11E,13E,15Z,19Z-enoic acid were found among the reaction products. It is very likely that a described earlier "neuroprotectin D1" [or "10,17(S)docosatriene"], a novel and potent anti-inflammatory compound derived from docosahexaenoic acid, was, in fact, 10,17(S)-dihydroxydocosahexa-4Z,7Z,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-enoic acid formed through a double lipoxygenation mechanism instead of a previously thought epoxidation/isomerization mechanism.
Investigation of occupational asthma. (1998)

Occupational asthma is one of the most frequent lung diseases related to work. It is defined as asthma causally and specifically related to exposure to airborne dusts, gases, vapours or fumes in the working environment. Because occupational asthma may cause long-lasting disability, it is important to identify affected workers correctly and to remove them as soon as possible from the sensitizing agent. Although history is the clue to the diagnosis, it is not sensitive nor specific enough, and the diagnosis should be confirmed by objective means. This article reviews the different steps (with their advantages and disadvantages) involved in making the diagnosis: history, confirmation of the diagnosis of asthma, work visit, skin tests and serology, monitoring of peak expiratory flows and nonallergic bronchial responsiveness. The gold standard remains specific inhalation challenges in the laboratory or at work.
Computational analysis of the role of the hippocampus in memory (1994)

The authors draw together the results of a series of detailed computational studies and show how they are contributing to the development of a theory of hippocampal function. A new part of the theory introduced here is a quantitative analysis of how backprojections from the hippocampus to the neocortex could lead to the recall of recent memories. The theory is then compared with other theories of hippocampal function. First, what is computed by the hippocampus is considered. The hypothesis the authors advocate, on the basis of the effects of damage to the hippocampus and neuronal activity recorded in it, is that it is involved in the formation of new memories by acting as an intermediate-term buffer store for information about episodes, particularly for spatial, but probably also for some nonspatial, information. The authors analyze how the hippocampus could perform this function, by producing a computational theory of how it operates, based on neuroanatomical and neurophysiological information about the different neuronal systems contained within the hippocampus. Key hypotheses are that the CA3 pyramidal cells operate as a single autoassociation network to store new episodic information as it arrives via a number of specialized preprocessing stages from many association areas of the cerebral cortex, and that the dentate granule cell/mossy fiber system is important, particularly during learning, to help to produce a new pattern of firing in the CA3 cells for each episode. The computational analysis shows how many memories could be stored in the hippocampus and how quickly the CA3 autoassociation system would operate during recall. The analysis is then extended to show how the CA3 system could be used to recall a whole episodic memory when only a fragment of it is presented. It is shown how this recall could operate using modified synapses in backprojection pathways from the hippocampus to the cerebral neocortex, resulting in reinstatement of neuronal activity in association areas of the cerebral neocortex similar to that present during the original episode. The recalled information in the cerebral neocortex could then be used by the neocortex in the formation of long-term memories.
Synthesis of Na<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub>:Mn<sup>4+</sup> red phosphors for white LED applications by co-precipitation (2014)

A one-step approach to synthesize Na<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub>:Mn<sup>4+</sup>and K<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub>:Mn<sup>4+</sup> red phosphors by co-precipitation is reported in this paper.
The Crime Bill of 1994 and the Law of Character Evidence: Congress Was Right About Consent Defense Cases (1995)

There is considerable debate as to whether to admit evidence of past sexual assaults in cases where the accused presents a defense of consent to a current sexual assault charge. The consent defense presents a unique situation where, due to the probative value of evidence that suggests propensity to rape, a strong justification can be made to admit this information as evidence. However, critics of this opinion have argued that admitting propensity evidence about the accused in a rape case is inconsistent with the rape shield rule which excludes propensity evidence about the victim. This argument is flawed in the sense that it does not properly take into account the full purpose of rape shield laws, nor does it acknowledge that evidence of a victim's sexual history is less probative than evidence regarding the history of the accused.
A Microfoundation for Production Functions: Assignment of Heterogeneous Workers to Heterogeneous Jobs (2011)

This paper develops an assignment model of heterogeneous workers to heterogeneous tasks that provides a microeconomic foundation for aggregate production functions. The shape of the production function is shown to depend crucially on the distribution of tasks. Necessary and sufficient conditions are provided for the production function to be of the constant ratio of elasticities of substitution form, which nests the widely used constant elasticity of substitution (CES) form. For the CES production function, the elasticity of substitution between skill groups of workers is shown to depend only on the variance of tasks in the economy.
Effective Use of Miniature, Multi-Point, Field-Based Current Sensors without Magnetic Cores (2007)

A methodology for decoupling cross-coupled fields in compact, integrated current sensor arrays is presented. The compactness of the current sensor array elements is made possible by using highly sensitive field detectors based upon giant magnetoresistive (GMR) technology, which offers galvanic isolation, small size (~mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) and high bandwidth (>1 MHz). By using known geometric relations between the conductor geometries and locations of the field detectors, cross-coupled magnetic field signals can be used to extract necessary current signals, as well as separate unknown disturbance fields. This methodology can also be used to simplify the magnetic biasing requirements of GMR field detectors, including decoupling of the temperature dependence of the biasing magnet. Moreover, the methodology also can be extended to estimate the temperature of the magnet to provide an extra temperature signal for thermal management algorithms.
Georeferencing digital camera images using internal camera model (2004)

The NASA Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) is a laser scanning instrument which is used mainly to collect dense topographic data over much of the conterminous US coastline. The inclusion of two digital cameras in consonance with the ATM instrument now gives 3-band (RGB) imagery apart from a very rich topographic data. This imagery, in its crude form, has limited applications due to it being not georeferenced and having a heavy camera lens distortions. As thesis, a processing system - Park-View - is developed to bring this imagery into a more suitable format for the scientists for analytical and interpretational purposes. Park-View utilizes the well gridded elevation data from layer four of another processing system called LaserMap for georeferencing the digital camera images. Camera lens behavior is modeled using a 2D grid image and all of its intrinsic parameters ascertained. These parameters are then incorporated into correcting the lens distortions of georeferenced images. Errors in time-stamping of images and in the mounting angles of the camera are calculated using well known tie-points. Georeferenced images can be stored either in GeoTiff format or jpeg format. Individual images can be georeferenced or put in a mosaic form with the mosaic color equalized for adjoining images. Park-View also provides the main GUI displaying the entire surveyed area, mapper GUI for a batch processing of all the images and a display window for displaying georeferenced images or mosaics. Additional capabilities could be added to the processing system for performing some specific image processing operations on the images such as edge detection and image enhancement.
Oxygen reclamation from carbon dioxide using a solid oxide electrolyte. (1969)

Oxygen reclamation from carbon dioxide using solid oxide electrolyte, noting water vapor catalytic effect
Use of a Portable Programmable Guidance Display in Support of Helicopter Noise Testing (2007)

Abstract : A portable programmable guidance display (PPGD) system was adapted to support helicopter noise testing. Noise measurements using ground microphone arrays require precise flight states position, velocity and acceleration to allow accurate data post-processing. Current noise testing and model development have introduced maneuvering flight to the test regimen, requiring repeatable, specified speed or flight path changes. Both requirements were satisfied through the use of the PPGD in a June 2006 flight test. Guidance algorithms and display features developed for civil tiltrotor and runway independent aircraft terminal area research were adapted to the noise test requirements, thus providing a new test capability.
COFDM: an overview (1995)

The research and development of OFDM/COFDM for digital television broadcasting has received considerable attention and has made a great deal of progress in Europe. OFDM/COFDM has already been implemented in digital audio broadcasting and is being considered for terrestrial digital television and HDTV broadcasting. The advantages of COFDM claimed by the advocates in Europe have also caught the attention of US broadcasters and generated enthusiasm although a digital modulation technique called 8-VSB has been selected by the FCC Advisory Committee on Advanced Television Service (ACATS) for the final testing. There is considerable debate in the industry over the use of COFDM vs. VSB or QAM for terrestrial HDTV broadcasting. In this paper, the history of research and development on OFDM and COFDM is reviewed. Then, the basic principles, performance and implementation of OFDM and COFDM are examined. Analysis is given to enable the selection of key elements for meeting the constraints of the required applications. Based on the ATV channel model, performance expectation of COFDM under imperfect channel conditions and implementation issues are examined in details.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
N-terminal mutations modulate yeast SNF1 protein kinase function. (1992)

The SNF1 protein kinase is required for expression of glucose-repressed genes in response to glucose deprivation. The SNF4 protein is physically associated with SNF1 and positively affects the kinase activity. We report here the characterization of a dominant mutation, SNF1-G53R, that was isolated as a suppressor of the requirement for SNF4. The mutant SNF1-G53R protein is still responsive to SNF4 but has greatly elevated kinase activity in immune complex assays; in contrast, the activity is wild type in a protein blot assay. Deletion of the region N-terminal to the kinase domain (codons 5-52) reduces kinase activity in vitro, but the mutant SNF1-delta N kinase is still dependent on SNF4. The N terminus is not required for the regulatory response to glucose. In gel filtration chromatography, the SNF1, SNF1-G53R and SNF1-delta N protein showed different elution profiles, consistent with differential formation of high molecular weight complexes. Taken together, the results suggest that the N terminus positively affects the function of the SNF1 kinase and may be involved in interaction with a positive effector other than SNF4. We also showed that the conserved threonine residue 210 in subdomain VIII, which is a phosphorylation site in other kinases, is essential for SNF1 activity. Finally, we present evidence that when the C terminus is deleted, overexpression of the SNF1 kinase domain is deleterious to the cell.
Fixed-point feedforward deep neural network design using weights &#x002B;1, 0, and &#x2212;1 (2014)

Feedforward deep neural networks that employ multiple hidden layers show high performance in many applications, but they demand complex hardware for implementation. The hardware complexity can be much lowered by minimizing the word-length of weights and signals, but direct quantization for fixed-point network design does not yield good results. We optimize the fixed-point design by employing backpropagation based retraining. The designed fixed-point networks with ternary weights (+1, 0, and -1) and 3-bit signal show only negligible performance loss when compared to the floating-point coun-terparts. The backpropagation for retraining uses quantized weights and fixed-point signal to compute the output, but utilizes high precision values for adapting the networks. A character recognition and a phoneme recognition examples are presented.
Musikalische Stilmerkmale erster Ordnung bei Instrumental- und Vokalmusik (1958)

Analog wie bei der mathematischen Untersuchung der Formalstruktur der Sprache werden wir, wie bereits im ersten Abschnitt angedeutet, bei den entsprechenden Untersuchungen der Musik zunächst einmal von den verschiedenen Häufigkeitsverteilungen der Merkmale erster Ordnung ausgehen.
Rapid Detection and Quantification of Chikungunya Virus by a One-Step Reverse Transcription–Polymerase Chain Reaction Real-Time Assay (2007)

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus. A large outbreak of CHIKV disease occurred in 2005 in the Indian Ocean Islands. Many cases have been imported in European countries. Laboratory confirmation of suspected cases is mandatory for control measures during an outbreak. We report a novel, real-time, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the nonstructural protein 1 region that can quantify a wide range of viral RNA concentrations. This assay was validated by in vitro experiments in which interferon-alpha, a well-known virus inhibitor, showed a dose-dependent inhibition of virus replication on Vero cells that was assessed by viral infectivity and viral RNA production. This new real-time RT-PCR was used to measure viral load in serum samples from cases recently imported to Italy, and may be a useful tool in rapid detection of CHIKV and monitoring the extent of viral replication in patients.
A Non-uniform Quantizing Approach to Protect Biometric Templates (2006)

In this paper, a novel methodology to achieve the security of the biometric templates in biometric systems is proposed. An adaptive non-uniform quantization (ANUQ) algorithm is introduced to eliminate the contradiction between the fuzziness of the biometric information and the sensitive of the Hash function. The ANUQ algorithm maps different biometric feature vectors from the same individual to a unique quantized feature vector. Then the quantized feature vector can be saved and identified by its hash. A biometric template protection scheme is designed which avoids the storage of users? biometric templates, and further reduce the risk of losing of users? sensitive information. Simulations on an iris recognition algorithm show the feasibility of this method.
A TCAM-based Periodic Event Generator for Multi-Node Management in the Body Sensor Network (2006)

Low-power periodic event generation is essential for a node controller in the network system with centralized control and the timer interrupt generation for various devices in a CPU. The proposed TCAM-based periodic event generator manages the issuing events with the programmed value and the number of the events is equal to the number of the word line of the TCAM block. The NAND-type TCAM cell operates with as low as 0.6 V supply voltage and the low-energy match line precharge reduces the search line transition which causes most of the search energy dissipation. The implemented event generator consumes 184-nJ energy to schedule events of 255 nodes for 24-hours, which is less than 10% of energy consumption of conventional hardware timer blocks.
A Self-inflating Bag Catheter (1962)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Nov 1962A Self-inflating Bag Catheter Frederic E.B. Foley Frederic E.B. FoleyFrederic E.B. Foley 841 Saint Clair Ave., Saint Paul, Minn. More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)64876-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1962 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 88Issue 5November 1962Page: 724-728 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1962 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Frederic E.B. Foley 841 Saint Clair Ave., Saint Paul, Minn. More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects of substance abuse on hallucination rates and treatment responses in chronic psychiatric patients. (1994)

Abused substances may interact selectively with primary psychiatric illness to increase rates and treatment resistance of specific hallucination modalities; etiologies are discussed.
Childhood origins of endothelial dysfunction (2005)

Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease, characterised by lipid accumulation, and cellular infiltration and proliferation in the arterial wall. Vascular endothelial dysfunction plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of the atherosclerotic process; the development of techniques that allow detection of endothelial function and early structural vascular disease has allowed major advances in understanding the pathophysiology at all stages of the disease process. Clinical investigation of endothelial function in children and young adults is informative. Postmortem studies demonstrating the presence of atherosclerotic lesions from as early as the first decade of life have shown that disease burden is directly associated with the extent of exposure to conventional risk factors, even at this early stage.1 Longitudinal studies have also demonstrated that this interaction between risk factors and abnormal arterial biology predicts adverse long term cardiovascular outcome. Furthermore, risk factors tend to cluster together and persist from childhood into later life, suggesting potential for early lifestyle and, where appropriate, pharmaceutical intervention. Study of clinical endothelial function in young subjects has confirmed an adverse early impact of both conventional and novel factors. Genetic influences can also be evaluated at this environmentally “naive” stage of life. Understanding the determinants of early disease progression, based on objective measures of vascular phenotype, provides an opportunity for effective, evidence based preclinical intervention.

By virtue of its location, the endothelium is optimally located to act as a signal transducer to modulate the impact of circulating influences on the vascular wall. Endothelium derived molecules regulate vasomotor tone, cell adhesion, coagulation, inflammation, and permeability, all of which are central to the atherogenic process. Many circulating endothelium derived adhesion molecules (for example, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin), coagulation factors (for example, von Willebrand factor, tissue plasminogen activator, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), and vasoactive mediators (for example, endothelin, prostanoids, …
Rosiglitazone upregulates caveolin-1 expression in THP-1 cells through a PPAR-dependent mechanism (2004)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) activation or overexpression induces caveolin-1 (cav-1) expression in several cell types. The objective of this study was to investigate if PPAR agonists could also regulate the cav-1 gene in macrophages and to explore the mechanisms involved. Our experiments demonstrated that rosiglitazone dose- and time-dependently increased cav-1 mRNA and protein in THP-1 macrophages. This induction was not observed in the presence of inhibitors of transcription or de novo protein synthesis. We also showed that the increase in cav-1 elicited by rosiglitazone was not related either to macrophage differentiation or to cellular apoptosis. The inductive effect seems to be dependent on PPAR activation, as the PPAR antagonist GW9662 abolished it. The activation of the liver X receptor with 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol also increased cav-1 mRNA, whereas the inactive (S) isomer did not. Finally, we identified a functional peroxisome proliferator response element in the cav-1 promoter that was activated upon rosiglitazone treatment in THP-1 macrophages.
Normal values for the Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity test (2001)

The Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity test is a quick and reliable method in a clinical setting. Normal values of the test can be of help in evaluating cataract patients or patients having refractive surgery.