gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased Levels of Calprotectin in Obesity Are Related to Macrophage Content: Impact on Inflammation and Effect of Weight Loss (2011)

Calprotectin has been recently described as a novel marker of obesity. The aim of this study was to determine the circulating concentrations and expression levels of calprotectin subunits (S100A8 and S100A9) in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), exploring its impact on insulin resistance and inflammation and the effect of weight loss. We included 53 subjects in the study. Gene expression levels of the S100A8/A9 complex were analyzed in VAT as well as in both adipocytes and stromovascular fraction cells (SVFCs). In addition, circulating calprotectin and soluble receptor for the advanced glycation end product (sRAGE) concentrations were measured before and after weight loss achieved by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) (n = 26). Circulating concentrations and VAT expression of S100A8/A9 complex were increased in normoglycemic and type 2 diabetic obese patients (P < 0.01) and associated with markers of inflammation (P < 0.01). Oppositely, concentrations of sRAGE were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in both obese groups compared to lean volunteers. Elevated calprotectin levels in obese patients decreased (P < 0.00001) after RYGB, whereas sRAGE concentrations tended to increase. Calprotectin was mainly expressed by SVFCs, and its expression was significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with mRNA levels of the monocyte-macrophage-related molecules macrophage-specific antigen CD68 (CD68), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1), integrin α-M (CD11B), and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2). Tumor necrosis factor-α treatment significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) the mRNA levels of S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8) of human visceral adipocytes. The increased levels of calprotectin in obesity and obesity-associated type 2 diabetes, its positive association with inflammation as well as the higher expression levels in the SVFCs in VAT suggests a potential role of this protein as a chemotactic factor in the recruitment of macrophages to VAT, increasing inflammation and the development of obesity-associated comorbidities.
Thermodynamic Modelling of the Corrosive Deposits in Oxy-Fuel Fired Boilers (2008)

The aim to reduce the CO2-emissions has triggered the evaluation of new cycle concepts for power plants. For the coal-fired power plants, the oxy-fuel firing is a promising option for CO2- emission reduction. Here, the combustion takes place in a nitrogen-free atmosphere. The oxygen is separated from the air and burned in near-stoichiometric conditions with the fuel. The gas composition is significantly changed, when the combustion is changed from air-fired to oxy-fuel fired condition. For lignite, the carbon dioxide content is raised from 15 to 59vol% and the watercontent from 10 to ~32%. For the same fuel, the SO2-content in the flue gas increases by a factor of 3-4 to ~0.5%. These changed environmental boundary conditions will affect corrosion life of the materials especially on the water walls and the heat exchanger surfaces. Considering the significant changes in the combustion gas, the composition and the occurrence of the corrosive deposits has been evaluated with the thermodynamic modelling program ‘FactSage’. The chemical compositions of the deposits have been modelled for dried lignite from Germany. The results exhibit that the oxy-fuel firing will give a significant change in the atmosphere as well as in the deposit composition. Consequently, the corrosion rates of current used materials in air fired boilers need to be evaluated for the application in oxy-fuel fired boilers.
Resetting of Circadian Time in Peripheral Tissues by Glucocorticoid Signaling (2000)

In mammals, circadian oscillators reside not only in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain, which harbors the central pacemaker, but also in most peripheral tissues. Here, we show that the glucocorticoid hormone analog dexamethasone induces circadian gene expression in cultured rat-1 fibroblasts and transiently changes the phase of circadian gene expression in liver, kidney, and heart. However, dexamethasone does not affect cyclic gene expression in neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. This enabled us to establish an apparent phase-shift response curve specifically for peripheral clocks in intact animals. In contrast to the central clock, circadian oscillators in peripheral tissues appear to remain responsive to phase resetting throughout the day.
Breast cancer in octogenarians (2006)

Most breast cancer octogenarians in this series lived > 6 years after diagnosis. These data do not support the assumption that breast tumors are histologically more indolent in elderly patients. Less than SLT can be applied to this patient group with somewhat increased axillary failure rates that may be addressed upfront by the sentinel node technique.
Preparation and First Preclinical Evaluation of [18F]FE@SNAP: A Potential PET Tracer for the Melanin Concentrating Hormone Receptor 1 (MCHR1) (2013)

The melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) system is a new target for the treatment of human disorders. Since the knowledge of the MCH system's involvement in a variety of pathologies (obesity, diabetes, and deregulation of metabolic feedback mechanism) is based on in vitro or preclinical studies, a suitable positron emission tomography (PET) tracer needs to be developed. We herein present the preparation and first preclinical evaluation of [(18)F]FE@SNAP - a new PET tracer for MCH receptor-1 (MCHR1). The synthesis was performed using a microfluidic device. Preclinical evaluation included binding affinity, plasma stability, plasma free fraction, stability against the cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) system using liver microsomes, stability against carboxyl-esterase, and methods to assess the penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) such as logD analysis and immobilized artificial membrane (IAM) chromatography. Levels at 374 ± 202 MBq [(18)F]FE@SNAP were obtained after purification. The obtained K d value of [(18)F]FE@SNAP was 2.9 nM. [(18)F]FE@SNAP evinced high stability against carboxylesterase, CYP450 enzymes, and in human plasma. LogD (3.83) and IAM chromatography results (Pm=0.51) were in the same range as for known BBB-penetrating compounds. The synthesis of [(18)F]FE@SNAP was reliable and successful. Due to high binding affinity and stability, [(18)F]FE@SNAP is a promising tracer for MCHR1.
Optometric management of the diabetic patient: Part II--Treatment and office control of the diabetic patient. (1980)

Proper management of the diabetic patient and effective communication with other health care providers requires that the optometrist have a sound working knowledge of the accepted standards of total diabetic care. Treatment of type 1 diabetes usually requires insulin and a proper diet. Type 2 diabetes often will respond to a rigid diet alone, but may require insulin or oral antidiabetic medications. Finally, patient education is the backbone of all treatment and must be reinforced by all health care providers at each office visit.
Formation of smectic and columnar liquid crystalline phases by cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) and cyclotetraveratrylene (CTTV) derivatives incorporating calamitic structural units (1997)

Novel liquid crystalline oligomesogens, which consist of five, six or eight calamitic 4-cyanobiphenyl, 2-alkyl-5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole or 5-octyl-2-phenylpyrimidine units covalently linked by spacers of different length with a cyclotribenzylene central core (CTV derivatives, 2,3,7,8,12,13-hexa-substituted 10,15-dihydro-5H-tribenzo[a,d,g]cyclononenes) or a cyclotetrabenzylene central core (CTTV derivatives, 2,3,6,7,10,11,14,15-octa-substituted 5,10,15,20-tetrahydrotetrabenzo[a,d,g,j]cyclododecenes) have been synthesized. These compounds were investigated by polarizing microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and some of them were also studied by X-ray diffraction. Many of the CTV derivatives show liquid crystalline properties. The cyanobiphenyl derivatives incorporating long spacer units have enantiotropic SA phases which can easily be supercooled. The thiadiazole derivatives and the pyrimidine derivatives have liquid crystalline phases only if the spacer units are rather short. Thiadiazole derivatives with an odd number of connecting atoms between the CTV core and the calamitic mesogens form SA phases, whereas those with even-numbered spacers display columnar mesophases. We propose that the columnar mesophases observed for these oligomesogens do not result from their ability to adopt a nearly disc-like shape. Instead, they represent ribbon phases which result from a steric frustration caused by the different space filling of the central cone-like core and the rod-like mesogenic groups. A chevron-like (banana-like) average shape of the molecules with even-numbered spacers is assumed to be responsible for the formation of the ribbon phases.Also a CTTV derivative with eight appended phenylthiadiazole mesogens displays a columnar mesophase. A nematic phase was found for the corresponding cyanobiphenyl derivative, whereas the pyrimidine derivative is not liquid crystalline.
Kinetics and Inhibition of Reductive Dechlorination of Trichloroethene, <i>cis</i>-1,2-Dichloroethene and Vinyl Chloride in a Continuously Fed Anaerobic Biofilm Reactor (2011)

Anaerobic bioreactors containing Dehalococcoides spp. can be effective for the treatment of trichloroethene (TCE) contamination. However, reductive dehalogenation of TCE often results in partial conversion to harmless ethene, and significant production of undesired cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) is frequently observed. Here, a detailed modeling study was conducted focusing on the determination of biokinetic constants for the dechlorination of TCE and its reductive dechlorination intermediates cis-DCE and VC as well as any biokinetic inhibition that may exist between these compounds. Dechlorination data from an anaerobic biotrickling filter containing Dehalococcoides spp. fed with single compounds (TCE, cis-DCE, or VC) were fitted to the model to determine biokinetic constants. Experiments with multiple compounds were used to determine inhibition between the compounds. It was found that the Michaelis-Menten half-saturation constants for all compounds were higher than for cells grown in suspended cultures, indicating a lower enzyme affinity in biofilm cells. It was also observed that TCE competitively inhibited the dechlorination of cis-DCE and had a mild detrimental effect on the dechlorination of VC. Thus, careful selection of biotreatment conditions, possibly with the help of a model such as the one presented herein, is required to minimize the production of partially dechlorinated intermediates.
Odd–Even Effects in Charge Transport across <i>n</i>-Alkanethiolate-Based SAMs (2014)

This paper compares rates of charge transport across self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of n-alkanethiolates having odd and even numbers of carbon atoms (nodd and neven) using junctions with the structure M(TS)/SAM//Ga2O3/EGaIn (M = Au or Ag). Measurements of current density, J(V), across SAMs of n-alkanethiolates on Au(TS) and Ag(TS) demonstrated a statistically significant odd-even effect on Au(TS), but not on Ag(TS), that could be detected using this technique. Statistical analysis showed the values of tunneling current density across SAMs of n-alkanethiolates on Au(TS) with nodd and neven belonging to two separate sets, and while there is a significant difference between the values of injection current density, J0, for these two series (log|J0Au,even| = 4.0 ± 0.3 and log|J0Au,odd| = 4.5 ± 0.3), the values of tunneling decay constant, β, for nodd and neven alkyl chains are indistinguishable (βAu,even = 0.73 ± 0.02 Å(-1), and βAu,odd= 0.74 ± 0.02 Å(-1)). A comparison of electrical characteristics across junctions of n-alkanethiolate SAMs on gold and silver electrodes yields indistinguishable values of β and J0 and indicates that a change that substantially alters the tilt angle of the alkyl chain (and, therefore, the thickness of the SAM) has no influence on the injection current density across SAMs of n-alkanethiolates.
Discussion on the development of the Exxon donor solvent (EDS) coal liquefaction process (1978)

This discussion covers an advanced EDS process scheme designed to maximize liquid product yields (to 2.3-2.6 bbl/ton of dry coal) by operating at 800/sup 0/-900/sup 0/F and 2000 psi and feeding the heavy vacuum bottoms containing Vertical Bar3: 1000/sup 0/F bp liquids together with air and steam to a Flexicoking unit (integrated coking/gasification in circulating fluidized beds) to produce additional liquid distillates and low-BTU fuel gas for process furnaces; an overview of the cooperative government-industry project organization; and the process development program now under way, which includes research and development studies, and scaling up of the project from the bench units, through a 250 ton/day pilot plant (to start up in late 1979), and a $0.75 billion pioneer plant which will process 10,000 tons/day of coal to produce 25,000 bbl/day of liquids, to a commercial EDS plant processing 20,000 tons/day of coal into 50,000-60,000 bbl/day of liquids, which is expected to cost $1 billion (in 1976 dollars) and start operation by 1982.
Nouveaux procédés à base de phéromones pour lutter contre les vers de la grappe : Essais préliminaires en 2004 (2005)

Trois nouveaux types de diffuseurs de pheromones ont ete testes pour une lutte par confusion contre les vers de la grappe eudemis Lobesia botrana et cochylis Etipoecilia. ambiguella: les mini-diffuseurs Ecodian,les diffuseurs Isonet-L Plus et lsonet-E Plus. Des microcapsules ont ete appliquees au moyen de pulverisateurs classiques. La lutte attracticide par depot de gouttes de pâte contenant les pheromones et un insecticide a egalement ete experimentee, de meme que la lutte par autoconfusion. Ces procedes ont ete testes chacun dans deux vignobles sur des surfaces totales de 8,6 a 13,7 ha, sauf la lutte par autoconfusion appliquee dans un seul vignoble sur 4,6 ha. Les captures de papillons aux pieges sexuels ont ete fortement ou completement inhibees dans tous les procedes, excepte l'autoconfusion. Au niveau de l'attaque, les diffuseurs Ecodian et Isonet-L Plus ainsi que les microcapsules ont eu une efficacite comparable a celle de la lutte classique ou des diffuseurs deja homologues. L'efficacite des diffuseurs Isonet-E Plus et du procede attracticide a ete inferieure a celle de la lutte classique. L'autoconfusion, testee dans un secteur a plus forte pression de ravageurs, n'a eu pratiquement aucun effet. Ces resultats preliminaires doivent etre confirmes au cours des prochaines annees dans des situations de pression plus elevee qu'en 2004.
Clear relationship betweenETF/ETFDH genotype and phenotype in patients with multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency (2003)

Mutations in electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) and its dehydrogenase (ETFDH) are the molecular basis of multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency (MADD), an autosomal recessively inherited and clinically heterogeneous disease that has been divided into three clinical forms: a neonatal-onset form with congenital anomalies (type I), a neonatal-onset form without congenital anomalies (type II), and a late-onset form (type III). To examine whether these different clinical forms could be explained by different ETF/ETFDH mutations that result in different levels of residual ETF/ETFDH enzyme activity, we have investigated the molecular genetic basis for disease development in nine patients representing the phenotypic spectrum of MADD. We report the genomic structures of the ETFA, ETFB, and ETFDH genes and the identification and characterization of seven novel and three previously reported disease-causing mutations. Our molecular genetic investigations of these nine patients are consistent with three clinical forms of MADD showing a clear relationship between the nature of the mutations and the severity of disease. Interestingly, our data suggest that homozygosity for two null mutations causes fetal development of congenital anomalies resulting in a type I disease phenotype. Even minute amounts of residual ETF/ETFDH activity seem to be sufficient to prevent embryonic development of congenital anomalies giving rise to type II disease. Overexpression studies of an ETFB-D128N missense mutation identified in a patient with type III disease showed that the residual activity of the mutant enzyme could be rescued up to 59% of that of wild-type activity when ETFB-D128N-transformed E. coli cells were grown at low temperature. This indicates that the effect of the ETF/ETFDH genotype in patients with milder forms of MADD, in whom residual enzyme activity allows modulation of the enzymatic phenotype, may be influenced by environmental factors like cellular temperature.
Interaction of Se with Boom Clay: XAS solid phase speciation (2009)

INTERACTION OF SE WITH BOOM CLAY: XAS SOLID PHASE SPECIATION ERIC BREYNAERT1*, DIRK DOM1, JACQUELINE VANCLUYSEN1, ANDREAS SCHEINOST2, ANDRÉ MAES1 1Center for surface Chemistry and Catalysis (M2S, KULeuven), B-3001Leuven,, Belgium 2Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany *eric.breynaert@biw.kuleuven.be The Boom Clay formation mainly consists of mixed clay minerals (illite, interstratified illite-smectite), pyrite and immobile and dissolved natural organic matter. Within the geological repository concept, the Boom clay formation itself is considered the primary barrier against radionuclide migration. It provides good sorption capacities, very low permeability, and chemically reducing conditions due to the presence of pyrite (FeS2) Since the mobility and consequently also the dose contribution is highly related to the speciation of selenium, the knowledge on its behaviour in the far field of the Boom Clay formation is very important for the safety case of the future Belgian high level waste disposal program. In all previous studies, the interpretation of the behaviour of Se in Boom Clay conditions has always been based on circumstantial evidence such as solubility measurements or comparison with the spectroscopically identified speciation of Se in model systems [1-3]. Since pyrite (FeS2) is one of the main minerals governing the redox conditions of the Boom Clay solid phases, it is expected that selenite will be reduced to Se0 in the Boom Clay system, thereby effectively limiting the solution concentration to the solubility of Se0, provided that there is no interaction with the mobile Boom Clay organic matter. Selenite was equilibrated with Boom Clay for 1 month, before phase separation into 4 size fractions (clay-rich, pyrite-rich, organic matter-rich, supernatant) was achieved using centrifugation. For the first time the solid phase reaction products for the interaction of selenite with the Boom Clay solid phase have been spectroscopically identified. Based on the XANES/EXAFS analysis, selenite is reduced to Se0 on all solid phase size fractions of the Boom Clay, confirming the reduction of selenite to metallic selenium in the Boom Clay system. Despite of the low equilibrium concentration in the supernatant solution (5x10-6M of Se) XANES measurements were possible and unexpectedly indicated the presence of a selenide phase (FeSe or an organic selenide), although Se0 was observed on the respective solid phase fractions. 1. Bruggeman C., Maes A., Vancluysen J. and Vandemussele P. (2005). Selenite reduction in Boom clay: effect of FeS2, clay minerals and dissolved organic matter. Env. Poll., 137: 209-221. 2. Scheinost A.C. and Charlet L. (2008). Selenite reduction by mackinawite, magnetite and siderite: XAS characterization of nanosized redox products. ES&T, 42(6): 1984-1989. 3. Breynaert, E., Bruggeman C. and Maes A. (2008) XANES-EXAFS analysis of se solid-phase reaction products formed upon contacting Se(IV) with FeS2 and FeS. ES&T, 42(10): 3595-3601. Keywords: EXAFS/XANES, selenium, solid phase speciation.
The Usefulness of Advanced Drain Structures as Emitters in Scaled BICMOS (1987)

Bipolar transistors can be implemented in a CMOS technology without excessive expense using the n-channel source/drain implantation simultaneously for the formation of the bipolar emitter. During MOS scaling the change of the drain structures from phosphorus to DID and LDD influences the individual bipolar device parameters. However this BICMOS concept can be extended to sub-?m CMOS without loosing performance.
CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL OUTCOME OF HEPATORENAL TRANSPLANTATION FOR HEREDITARY SYSTEMIC AMYLOIDOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH APOLIPOPROTEIN AI Gly26Arg1 (2001)

Orthotopic liver transplantation substantially reduces the supply of the amyloid fibril precursor protein in hereditary apoAI amyloidosis, and the excellent outcome in this patient probably reflects the balance between deposition and turnover of amyloid having been altered in favor of the latter. These findings support the use of liver transplantation in patients with hereditary apoAI amyloidosis who develop hepatic dysfunction.
Undamped Nonlinear Oscillations of the Molecular Director Induced in a Liquid Crystal Film by the Competition between the Orbital and Spin Angular Momentum Transfer from Light (2002)

Undamped nonlinear oscillations of the molecular director in a homeotropically aligned nematic liquid crystal film have been observed in the field of a normally incident laser beam with elliptical transverse cross-section and linear polarization along the direction orthogonal to the ellipse major axis. This phenomenon may be brought back to the competition between the longitudinal torques originating from the spin and orbital angular momenta the incident beam transfer to the sample.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Some Catecholamine Drugs Using Metaperiodate (1990)

Abstract A rapid spectrophotometric procedure for the determination of Isoprenaline salts, levodopa, dopamine hydrochloride, and dobutamine hydrochloride, either In the drug substances or In pharmaceutical formulations, Is described. The method is based on the development of orange, red, or violet products with sodium metaperiodate in an aqueous alcoholic medium. The reaction is suggested to proceed via oxidative cyclizatlon of the catecholamine to form an amlnochrome. The wavelengths of maximum absorption range from 465 to 520 nm. The structure of the cyclization product was confirmed by ultraviolet, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and microanalysis data.
Synchronization of Chaotic Orbits in Semiconductor Laser Arrays (1990)

A subset of lasers in an array of coupled lasers can produce identical, synchronized, chaotic signals. When synchronization fails, spatio-temporal chaos results.
Diffusion of Cr and Fe in a High-Purity Fe-50 mass%Cr-8 mass%W Alloy (2002)

Volume and grain boundary diffusivities of 51Cr and 59Fe in a high purity Fe–50 mass%Cr–8 mass%W (Fe–50Cr–8W) alloy have been determined in the temperature range between 1023 and 1373 K with the sputter-microsectioning technique. The volume diffusion coefficients of Cr and Fe in the Fe–50Cr–8W alloy are smaller than those in a high-purity Fe–50 mass%Cr (Fe–50Cr) alloy. Linear Arrhenius lines for the volume self-diffusion coefficients of both tracers have been observed in the temperature range examined. The activation energies for the volume diffusion of both components in the Fe–50Cr–8W alloy are somewhat smaller than those in the Fe–50Cr alloy. On the other hand, the grain boundary diffusivities of Cr and Fe in the Fe–50Cr–8W alloy at 1123 K are about two orders of magnitude smaller than those in the Fe–50Cr alloy.