gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Locus of generation for the 2 f1−f2 vs 2 f2−f1 distortion-product otoacoustic emissions in normal-hearing humans revealed by suppression tuning, onset latencies, and amplitude correlations (1998)

The present study used distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) suppression tuning curves (STCs), DPOAE onset latencies (OLs), and DPOAE amplitude correlations to investigate the locus of generation of the 2f1-f2 DPOAE versus the 2f2-f1 DPOAE in humans. The results of the tuning study revealed that, for the 2f1-f2 DPOAE, the tips of the STCs tuned consistently below the geometric-mean (GM) frequency of the primary tones. In contrast, for the 2f2-f1 DPOAE, STCs tuned above the GM of the primaries, with 50% of the tip frequencies at, or above, the 2f2-f1 frequency place. When the average ratio of the 2f2-f1 to the 2f1-f2 tip frequencies was computed, a factor of 1.44 provided an estimate of the frequency shift needed to align the two DPOAE generation sites. Other results showed that OLs for the 2f2-f1 DPOAE were uniformly shorter than those for the 2f1-f2, with differences at the low frequencies amounting to as much as 6-7 ms. Further, for both DPOAEs, curves describing latency decreases as a function of increasing GM frequencies were best fit by power functions. Shifting the GM frequency producing the 2f2-f1 DPOAE by a factor of 1.6 caused the latency distributions for both DPOAEs to overlap thus resulting in a single function that described cochlear delay as a function of GM frequency. Finally, for each GM frequency in the DP-gram, sliding correlations from 108 normal ears were performed on both DPOAEs by holding the primaries producing the 2f1-f2 DPOAE constant, while all 2f2-f1 DPOAE amplitudes were successively correlated with the 2f1-f2 amplitudes. This procedure demonstrated that, for a given GM frequency producing the 2f1-f2, the correlations between the two DPOAEs peaked when the primaries of the 2f2-f1 were at a GM frequency that positioned the 2f2-f1 frequency place near the GM of the primaries that produced the 2f1-f2 DPOAE. As a whole, the above findings strongly suggest that the 2f2-f1 DPOAE in humans is generated basal to the primary-tone place on the basilar membrane.
VCSEL-based 100m 25Gb/s Plastic Optical Fiber Links (2011)

We report error-free performance at 25Gb/s using a directly-modulated 850nm VCSEL over 100m graded-index perfluorinated plastic optical fiber with good launch offset tolerance. Bandwidth assessment of 18 fibers demonstrates that modern POF can achieve this performance.
Quantitative Emphysema Distribution in Anatomic and Non-anatomic Lung Regions (2014)

Lobar segmentation provides improved characterization of cranio-caudal emphysema distribution compared to a non-anatomic approach in subjects up to GOLD stage II.
Spread Identity: A new dynamic address remapping mechanism for anonymity and DDoS defense (2013)

We present and experimentally evaluate Spread Identity (SI) – a new dynamic network address remapping mechanism that provides anonymity and DDoS defense capabilities for Internet communications. For each session between a source and destination host, the trusted source gateway dynamically and randomly assigns an IP address for the source host from the pool of all routable IP addresses allocated to the source organization. Similarly, in response to a name resolution query from the source gateway, the trusted authoritative DNS server for the destination organization dynamically assigns an IP address for the destination host from the pool of all routable IP addresses allocated to the destination organization. These assignments depend upon the state of the server (including load, residual capacity, time of day) and policy. Different hosts can share the same IP address when communicating with distinct peers. Each gateway creates a NAT entry, valid for the communication session, based on the dynamic assignment by its organization. An eavesdropper listening to packets flowing through the Internet between the source and destination gateways learns only the source and destination domains; the eavesdropper cannot see the actual complete IP addresses of the source and destination hosts. In addition, SI enhances DDoS defense capabilities by enabling packet filtering based on destination addresses. With multiple IP addresses for the same destination, filtering based on destination addresses can block attackers without necessarily blocking legitimate users. Deploying SI requires changes to organizational gateways and, possibly, to the edge-routers that interface with organizational gateways; but network mechanisms farther upstream, including the core routers in the Internet, remain unchanged. Likewise, the installed base of operating systems running individual hosts in the internal network, together with the end-user application suites they support, remain untouched. SI mechanisms are backward compatible, incrementally deployable, and robustly scalable. A naïve implementation of SI can increase the DNS traffic; however, when SI is implemented at both the source and the destination ends, it is possible for SI to reduce DNS traffic. Ns-2 simulations and experiments on the DeterLab test bed corroborate the main hypotheses and demonstrate advantages of the SI paradigm. Ns-2 simulations demonstrate that file transfer success rates for our SI DDoS protection mechanism are similar to those of filter- and capability-based approaches, with lower file transfer times than for filter-based approaches. DeterLab trials demonstrate that SI consumes similar resources (connection establishment time, network address translation table size, packet forwarding rate and memory) to those of a typical single NAT system, though with higher name resolution times.
Circulating hematopoietic stem cells serve as novel targets for in utero gene therapy (2001)

ABSTRACT In utero gene therapy has been proposed as a method for permanent correction of somatic disorders that affect the hematopoietic system before disease initiation (1, 2). However, clinical trials using transplantation of allogenic fetal liver, bone marrow, or adult stem cells have been unsuccessful, largely due to the failure of sustained hematopoietic reconstitution in fetal recipients (3). Here, we reveal that retroviral transduction of unique repopulating stem cells found in the human fetal circulation is superior to full‐gestation cord blood or adult sources. In contrast to postnatal human stem cells, the fetal circulation is highly enriched for actively cycling blood stem cells, thereby forming the basis for enhanced transduction. Our findings indicate that active, transducible hematopoietic reconstituting cells are present in the circulation of the human fetus and that they represent novel target cells for future in utero gene therapy trials using autologous transplantation.
Shape sensitivity and optimization for transient heat diffusion problems using the bem (1995)

A shape design sensitivity analysis (SDSA) of two‐dimensional transient heat diffusion problems is proposed based on the BIE formulation. The adjoint variable method is used by using the Ionescu—Cazimir integral identity. The procedure is checked against the analytical solution in the case of a rod example, and by numerical comparisons with the finite differencing for a rectangular block under thermal shock and a plunger model. An optimal design problem is then formulated for the plunger and solved to obtain a realistic shape.
Global change in the thermosphere: Compelling evidence of a secular decrease in density (2004)

We derive secular trends in upper thermospheric density from the historical orbital elements of 27 long‐lived, near‐Earth space objects. The results cover all levels of solar activity during the period 1996–2001, and each object indicates a long‐term decrease of total mass density. The observed trends increase with increasing height from 200–700 km and are largest for solar minimum conditions; average values range from −2% to −5% per decade. The trends are largely independent of geomagnetic activity, local time, latitude, and season. We examine several possible sources of error in our results and conclude that none of them can individually account for the observed trends. The trends that we obtain are qualitatively, and in some cases quantitatively, consistent with available theoretical predictions of density decreases associated with the cooling effect of increased greenhouse gas concentrations.
Drosophila has a twitchin/titin-related gene that appears to encode projectin. (1991)

The sequences of twitchin and titin identify a superfamily of muscle proteins whose functions are not completely understood. In spite of their shared structural features, twitchin and titin appear to differ in function. Genetic and molecular evidence suggests that twitchin has a regulatory role in muscle contraction, whereas it has been proposed that titin has a structural function. We report here that Drosophila has a single-copy gene containing the two-motif amino acid sequence pattern that characterizes twitchin and titin. This gene appears to encode projectin, a muscle protein that is thought to play a structural role in asynchronous flight muscle but may have a role like that of twitchin in synchronous muscle. Thus Drosophila appears to be a case where the apparently diverged functions of twitchin and titin are encoded by a single gene.
Further investigations on binaural intelligibility of reverberant speech (2002)

There is a binaural intelligibility advantage for many subjects when listening to reverberant speech. Two processes offer explanations as to why the binaural advantage exists. First, directional information may identify echoes and remove a portion of the reverberation in a manner similar to the precedence effect. A more likely possibility is that the reverberation behaves as additive noise with a specific time and frequency dependence. In this case, subjects may utilize the coherence of the left and right channels to limit the effects of the incoherent reverberation, similar to binaural masking release. To test the latter hypothesis, subjects listen to diotic (L+R), binaural (L&R), and diotic (L or R) reverberant words. The diotic treatment (L+R) adds two recordings measured at the location of the listener’s ears. Since the listener faces the source, the direct signals are coherent while some cancellation is expected for the reverberation. The presentation will compare diotic (L+R) intelligibility to the binaural (L&R) condition as well as the diotic (L or R) control condition where the left or right signal plays to both ears.
PI-OBS: a parallel iterative optical burst scheduler for OBS networks (2009)

This paper presents the PI-OBS algorithm, a parallel-iterative scheduler for OBS nodes. Conventional schemes are greedy in the sense that they process headers one by one. In PI-OBS, all the headers received during a given time window are jointly processed to optimize the delay and output wavelength allocation, applying void filling techniques, and allowing traffic differentiation. Results show a similar or better performance than the LAUC-VF algorithm, commonly used as a performance bound for OBS schedulers. The PI-OBS scheduler has been designed to allow parallel electronic implementation similar to the ones in VOQ schedulers, with a deterministic response time.
Redescription of the Mexican scorpion Centruroides hoffmanni Armas, 1996 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) (2005)

The Mexican scorpion Centruroides hoffmanni Armas, 1996 is redescribed, based on adults of both sexes. It is readily diagnosed by its medium size, dark brown two-banded tergites and brown marbling on carapace, appendages and metasoma, pectinal tooth counts, the shape of the female basal plate of the pectines, development of metasomal carinae, and shape of the telson and subaculear tubercle. The geographical distribution of this species ranges from southeastern Oaxaca to southwestern Chiapas, Mexico. It was originally compared with Centruroides thorelli (Kraepelin, 1891), but actually it seems to be closely related to C. infamatus (C. L. Koch, 1845) and C. baergi Hoffmann, 1932.
Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy: Theranostics for Personalized Patient Management (2012)

This theme issue presents current achievements in the development of radioactive agents, pre-clinical and clinical molecular imaging, and radiotherapy in the context of theranostics in the field of oncology.
D2O to determine muscle protein synthesis rates in response to post‐exercise nutrition in adults (2010)

Muscle protein synthesis (MPS) is acutely stimulated by either endurance exercise or protein consumption, but the long‐term and combined effects in older adults are unknown. We used deuterium oxide (D 2 O) to evaluate long‐term effects of post‐exercise nutrition and endurance training on MPS. Sedentary adults (n=16, 50±8 yrs) performed 6‐wks of endurance training and consumed either a carbohydrate (CHO) or carbohydrate and protein (PRO) drink after exercise. D 2 O (50 ml tid) was administered during the training period to maintain body water pool enrichment at 1–2%. VO 2 max was measured pre‐ and post‐training as a surrogate for mitochondrial function. MPS over the 6‐wks was determined from total percipitable protein in a 10–20 mg muscle biopsy by gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy. Training increased (p<0.05) VO 2 max in the PRO (25.5 ± 4.2 to 28.1±3.9 ml/kg/min) but not in CHO group (31.1 ±7.1 to 32.5 ±9.1 ml/kg/min). MPS was not different between CHO and PRO groups (0.06 ± 0.004 vs. 0.05 ±0.003 %/day, p=0.23). Although MPS was not different between CHO and PRO, the VO 2 max increase with PRO suggests post‐exercise nutrition may impact aerobic training adaptations. Further analysis will evaluate long‐term mitochondrial proliferation. Our use of D 2 O provides novel insight into long‐term synthesis rates in aging humans. Funding from The Colorado Nutritional Research Unit.
Metastable ion characteristics. XXII. Collisional activation spectra of organic ions (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetastable ion characteristics. XXII. Collisional activation spectra of organic ionsF. W. McLafferty, P. F. Bente, Richard. Kornfeld, Shih-Chuan. Tsai, and Ian. HoweCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 7, 2120–2129Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00788a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00788a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views434Altmetric-Citations297LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: A New Route to the Asymmetric Synthesis of (‐)‐Malyngolide and (‐)‐epi‐Malyngolide Using N‐Sulfonyl‐1,3‐oxazolidines as Chiral Auxiliaries. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rapid Thermal Annealing Technique for Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Transistors (1994)

The fundamental characteristics of a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) technique that has been applied to polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (poly-Si TFTs) have been investigated and short channel (less than 3 µ m) poly-Si TFTs have been achieved. The annealing characteristics of a thin silicon film on a transmissive substrate are entirely different from those of a silicon wafer. An arc lamp is essential as the RTA light source. A self-controlled effect in activation annealing was observed. Size and pattern density of silicon islands affect the uniformity of annealing. An absorption layer of a silicon film makes the use of RTA practical. A shift-register circuit composed of short channel TFTs was also evaluated.
<i>o</i>-Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile (CS Riot Control Agent) Associated Acute Respiratory Illnesses in a U.S. Army Basic Combat Training Cohort (2014)

Acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) are among the leading causes for hospital visits in U.S. military training populations and historically peak during U.S. Army Basic Combat Training (BCT) following mandatory exposure to the riot control agent o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS). This observational prospective cohort studied the association between CS exposures and ARI-related health outcomes in 6,723 U.S. Army recruits attending BCT at Fort Jackson, South Carolina from August 1 to September 25, 2012 by capturing and linking the incidence of ARI before and after the mask confidence chamber to CS exposure data. Recruits had a significantly higher risk (risk ratio = 2.44; 95% confidence interval = 1.74, 3.43) of being diagnosed with ARI following exposure to CS compared to the period of training preceding exposure, and incidence of ARI after CS exposure was dependent on the CS exposure concentration (p = 0.03). There was a significant pre-/postexposure ARI difference across all CS concentration levels (p < 0.01), however, no significant differences were detected among these rate ratios (p = 0.72). As CS exposure is positively associated with ARI health outcomes in this population, interventions designed to reduce respiratory exposures could result in decreased hospital burden and lost training time in the U.S. Army BCT population.
Building expert systems in training and education (1990)

From the Publisher:
This volume develops a process for building expert systems. As the field of instructional technology matures, it is becoming clear that technological process used when examining a problem determines the quality of information entered in a program and the ultimate effectiveness of the designed solution. This volume provides a process intended for small-scale expert systems solutions for instructional problems. Hardware independent, it provides a repertoire of practical tools and processes that can be used to select, define, and structure problems. Particular focus is placed on problems associate with education and training.
MetaNIRS: A Relational Database for the Categorization, Organization and Meta-Analysis of Optical Functional Neuroimaging Research (2018)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Alterations of global histone H4K20 methylation during prostate carcinogenesis (2012)

H4K20 methylation levels constitute valuable markers for the dynamic process of prostate cancer carcinogenesis.
Bone tissue response following local drug delivery of bisphosphonate through titanium oxide nanotube implants in a rabbit model (2017)

TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotube implants may prove to be a significant delivery system for drugs or biologic agents aimed at supporting local bone formation. Additional study of candidate drugs/agents, optimized dosage and release kinetics is needed prior to evaluation in clinical settings.
Alterations in the Proliferative Responses of T Cells from Aged and Chimeric Mice (1987)

Factors involved in the nonspecific and specific proliferative responses of T cells were examined in the A/J strain of mice that were physiologically aged in the specific pathogen-free condition. In aged A/J mice, the production of IL-1 and IL-2 from optimally stimulated peritoneal macrophages and splenic T cells was significantly decreased, while the production of IL-3 by T cells was increased. T cells from old mice showed a higher threshold for concanavalin A stimulation for the induction of IL-2 receptors. The same T cells responded only slightly in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) stimulated by allogeneic class II antigens, while they showed a high background stimulation without stimulators. The addition of syngeneic accessory cells did not increase the proliferative response of T cells from aged animals. T cells from bone marrow chimeras constituted by transferring stem cells from young A/J into irradiated old B10.A mice (young A/J----old B10.A chimeras) showed a pattern very similar to that of old A/J T cells, whereas those from the old A/J----young B10.A chimeras exhibited a response pattern comparable to that of normal young A/J cells. These results indicated that the proliferative responses in aged animals are abnormal, partially due to the alterations in the interleukin cascade. Some changes are probably due to the effect of environment where T cells undergo early differentiation, because bone marrow stem cells from aged mice can generate T cells with normal functions when differentiated in the young environment.
Rapid Communication Floral origin markers of heather honeys: Calluna vulgaris and Erica arborea (1999)

‘Heather’ is commonly used to qualify honeys issuing from the Ericaceae family. As mellissopalynology and sensory assessments alone were not suAcient to authenticate their floral origin, volatile compounds from Erica arborea and Calluna vulgaris unifloral honeys were investigated. Flavours were isolated via dichloromethane solubilisation, followed by a Likens-Nickerson simultaneous steam-distillation/solvent extraction. The extracts exhibited an intense honey aroma, representative of their floral origin. Four hundred compounds were separated by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Among them, and in comparison with 11 other honey types, 4 proved to be markers of the Ericaceae family. Moreover, 3 were specific for Calluna vulgaris species and 3 others discriminant for the Erica arborea samples. # 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved..
MULTIMODE OSCILLATION OF THE RUBY LASER NEAR THRESHOLD (1963)

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