gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New high pressure synthesized ternary Mg-TM hydrides (Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb and Ta) with metastable FCC structures (2006)

New high pressure synthesized ternary Mg-TM hydrides (Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb and Ta) with metastable FCC structures
Common voltage eliminating of SVM diode clamping three-level inverter connected to grid (2011)

A novel method of common voltage eliminating is put forward for SVM diode clamping three-level inverter connected to grid by calculation of common voltage of its various switching states. PLECS is used to model this three-level inverter connected to grid and good results are obtained. First analysis of common mode voltage for switching states of diode clamping 3-level inverter is given in detail. Second the common mode voltage eliminating control strategy of SVM is described for diode clamping three-level inverter. Third, PLECS is briefly introduced. Fourth, the modeling of diode clamping three-level inverter is presented with PLECS. Finally, a series of simulations are carried out. The simulation results tell us PLECS is a very powerful tool to real power circuits modeling. They have also verified that proposed common mode voltage eliminating control strategy of SVM is feasible to control the diode clamping three-level inverter. But further research has to be done to get rid of the common mode voltage completely by controlling the voltages of two capacitors at the input terminal.
Acid suppression in the perioperative period. (2005)

Aspiration of oropharyngeal and gastric contents during surgery, although infrequent, is a recognized complication of general anesthesia that carries significant risk for serious complications. Complications of aspiration have been reported to cause 10% to 30% of anesthesia-related deaths. Unconsciousness interferes with multiple biologic mechanisms that guard the airway against aspiration, and this is compounded in surgery by anesthesia-induced neurologic impairment and the risks related to placement of nasogastric and endotracheal tubes. Consequences of anesthesia-related aspiration include aspiration pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary edema, and long-term complications such as laryngotracheal damage and decreased lung compliance. Therefore, averting aspiration, particularly in the elderly and other high-risk patients, should be part of the perioperative plan. Although antacids and histamine 2-receptor antagonists have been used perioperatively with some success, they are limited by short duration of action and systemic side effects, among other factors. Proton pump inhibitors are currently being investigated in surgical patients at risk for aspiration or stress ulcers and seem to be potent, extremely effective, and well tolerated. This article reviews the risks for, and potential outcomes of, anesthesia-related aspiration, identifies high-risk populations, and outlines the experience to date with available preventive treatments.
Alternatives to Shellac Coatings Provide Comparable Gloss, Internal Gas Modification, and Quality for 'Delicious' Apple Fruit (2002)

Zein, starch, polyvinyl acetate (PVA), carnauba, and carnauba-polysaccharide (CPS) coatings were compared with a commercial shellac coating using controlled atmosphere stored 'Delicious' apples ( Malus × domestica Borkh). Coated apples were stored in air at 2 °C for 2 weeks and then removed to 21 °C for an additional two weeks to simulate marketing conditions. Gloss, internal O 2 and CO 2 partial pressures, weight loss, flesh firmness, and contents of sugars, acids and volatiles were measured on 0, 2, and 4 weeks after coating treatment. Starch- and carnauba-coated apples had high initial gloss, similar to that found for shellac-coated fruit. Gloss of all coated fruit decreased similarly during the 4-week evaluation period, although all of the coated fruit were glossier than uncoated controls. For uncoated apples, the differences of O 2 and CO 2 partial pressure between internal and ambient atmosphere were ≈1 kPa at 2 °C, and these increased by a further 2 kPa after transfer to 21 °C. Fruit coated with shellac and starch had >10 kPa CO 2 , and <10 kPa O 2 at 21 °C. Zein-, PVA- and carnauba-coated apples showed a less modified internal atmosphere (6-7 kPa CO 2 , 11-15 kPa O 2 ). Internal partial pressures of O 2 and CO 2 were inversely related for most coatings, except for the CPS coating, for which partial pressures of both CO 2 and O 2 were low. Carnauba-, PVA-, and shellac-coated fruit lost less weight than uncoated fruit. Starch-, shellac-, and CPS-coated fruit were firmer than those from other coating treatments, and all coated fruit were firmer than uncoated control. Titratable acidity was higher in the fruit coated with CPS, starch, and shellac than in uncoated control. Ethyl alcohol and ethyl esters accumulated in starch-, shellac-, and CPS-coated fruit kept at 2 °C, but, levels of these volatiles decreased after transfer of fruit to 21 °C. Carnauba, PVA and zein coatings compared favorably to shellac for gloss and other quality characteristics.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE OXIDE‐COATED METAL ANODES FOR CHLOR‐ALKALI CELLS (1977)

Abstract Mit einem Misch‐ Oxid aus R1102 und TiO 2 beschichtete Ti‐Elektroden werden in der Chloralkalielektrolyse anstelle von Graphitelektroden als Anoden verwendet.
Method For Determination Of Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yields For New Fluorene-based Photosensitizers In Aqueous Media For The Advancement Of Photodynamic Therapy (2004)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been investigated over the past three decades and is currently an approved therapeutic modality for skin cancer, the treatment of superficial bladder, early lung and advanced esophageal cancers, and age-related macular degeneration in a number of countries. In PDT, the absorption of light by a chromophore generates cytotoxic species such as reactive singlet oxygen, leading to irreversible destruction of the treated tissue. The measurement of the singlet oxygen quantum yield is an important determinant used to evaluate the efficiency of new photodynamic therapy agents developed in the laboratory, to screen potential photosensitizers in aqueous media.The singlet oxygen quantum yield is a quantitative measurement of the efficiency in which photosensitizers are able to use energy, in the form of light, to convert oxygen in the ground state to the reactive species singlet oxygen useful in photodynamic therapy. Singlet oxygen quantum yields of photosensitizers differ when measured in different solvents. The majority of the existing quantum yield values found in literature for various photosensitizers are documented with the sensitizers in organic solvents though values in aqueous media are more valuable for actual applications. Determination of accurate and precise quantum yield values in aqueous solution is a much more difficult problem than in organic media. Problems in aqueous solution arise primarily from the physicochemical properties of singlet oxygen in water. Singlet oxygen has a much shorter lifetime in water than it does in organic solvents, causing challenges with respect to quantitative detection of singlet oxygen.The ensuing pages are an attempt to explore the theory and document the procedures developed to provide the accurate measurement of singlet oxygen in aqueous media. Details of this experimental method and singlet oxygen quantum yield results of new compounds relative to established photosensitizers will be presented.
EXTRACTION OF URANYL CHLORIDE BY TRI-n-OCTYLAMINE (1959)

organic substances used to extract mineral compounds. The extraction of uranyl chloride with tri-n-octylamine in carbon tetrachloride was studied quantitatively. In the presence of hydrochloric acid the trioctylamine forms a hydrochloride soluble in organic solvent, with the result that the hydrochloric acid is in competition in the extraction of the uranyl salt. The compound extracted has the formula (R/sub 3/HHC1)/sub 2/(UO/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/), where R/sub 3 /N designates the trioctylaminc. The extraction equilibrium constants were determined, and the law of mass action was verified. It is only in strongly yieid medium that the uranyl chloride can be quantitatively extracted. (tr- auth)
Treating the Trauma Patient (1989)

Great strides have been made in the treatment of trauma with the regional development of trauma care. There is no question that trauma systems that ensure the rapid transport of critically injured patients to trauma centers save lives. When patients with catastrophic injuries are delivered to hospitals incapable of caring for them, time and lives are lost due to inadequate care or delays caused by the need to transfer. As trauma care is not adequately funded, one way of managing this problem would be to encourage all hospitals to develop programs and take a share of the trauma load. The trauma losses would be passed on to paying patients with other illnesses so as to divide the liability. This concept, the nearest case to the nearest hospital, is the nonsystem we have had in the past, and it is not conducive to good, organized trauma care as it does not
The Corrosion Resistance of an Aluminum Alloy Coated with Polysilazane-Derived Ceramics (1989)

Abstract Aluminum alloy AA 6061-T6 substrates were dip-coated in a poly-N- methylsilazane, —[CH2SiNCH3]n—, solution with cross-linking catalyst. The coatings were pyrolyzed at 400°C in order to transform them into an amorphous Si3N4 ceramic coating. The coated substrates exhibited improved corrosion and pitting resistance, and showed little degradation in polarization resistance after 21 days of exposure in 3.5% NaCl solution.
Phosphorylation of infected erythrocyte membrane proteins in Plasmodium chabaudi. (1993)

We identify phosphoproteins that are associated to the infected erythrocyte membrane of Plasmodium chabaudi. The specific antibodies that recognize the erythrocyte membrane-associated antigens, namely PcEMA1 and PcLEMA, are studied. According to sequencing analysis, neither the gene structure nor the predicted properties of these two antigens are completely distinct. The PcEMA1 is a 50 kDa acidic protein, with a pI of about 4.4, that contains 25 phosphorylation sites principally located in the repetitive sequence. Almost all of this molecule is hydrophilic. The predicted (predictment ability) of this protein is, hence, associated to the host's erythrocyte cytoskeleton and it is synthesized through an entire erythrocyte cycle. PcLEMA, instead, is a 74 kDa basic protein, with a pI of about 9.8, that contains 11 possible phosphorylation sites. This gene contains two exons: exon 1 shows transmembrane characteristics while exon 2 contains part of the hydrophilic repetitive sequences. Thus this protein is predicted as a transmembrane-associated protein and is synthesized only at the last stages of the erythrocytic cycle. In in-vitro phosphorylation experiments, both PcEMA1 and PcLEMA are phosphorylated by endogenous kinases activities. However, the degree of phosphorylation differs between the two in that PcEMA1 reveals a higher phosphorylation intensity than PcLEMA.
High Speed AAC Bit Rate Reduction on the Compressed Domain (2007)

This paper proposes a high speed bit rate reduction technique on the compressed domain for AAC audio. There are many kinds of AAC audio devices such as PCs and mobile terminals. In order to adapt to various requirements on audio quality and storage capacity, a fast audio transcoding method from a higher to a lower bit rate would be beneficial for the efficient use of master AAC contents. Although the scalability function of AAC or baseband transcoding, which converts a bitstream by decoding and re-encoding, can be employed for this purpose, lower coding efficiency or higher computation load is induced. To resolve these problems, this paper derives the relationship among MDCT, quantization and scaling, and achieves a fast and high quality bit rate reduction by introducing (1) an adaptive scalefactor control, (2) MDCT gain control and 3) the reuse of side information. Experimental results show that the proposed method is about 1.4 times faster than baseband transcoding while achieving almost the equivalent quality.
Graph-based modeling: PERT scheduling with resources using qualitative simulation graphs (2000)

The Qualitative Simulation Graph Methodology (QSGM) is well suited to address the PERT scheduling with resources problem. The coverage property of QSGM has two important implications for the PERT scheduling problem. First, it means that all possible schedules are represented. Second, it means that, as long as the delay time intervals are not violated, we can characterize all possible outcomes of a decision that needs to be made in the schedule. This gives rise to the possibility of robust point-in-time scheduling decisions without needed to rerun the simulation in order to get the results.
Efficacy Results of a 52-Week, Randomised, Double-Blind, Safety Study of a Calcipotriol/Betamethasone Dipropionate Two-Compound Product (Daivobet®/Dovobet®/Taclonex®) in the Treatment of Psoriasis Vulgaris (2006)

There was a trend towards the efficacy of the two-compound product used for up to 52 weeks being better than that of 4 weeks of the two-compound product followed by 48 weeks of calcipotriol.
A reference dataset for verifying numerical electrophysiological heart models (2011)

While the MRI data may provide a common input that can be applied to different numerical heart models, the verification and comparison of different models can be performed by comparing the measured biosignals with forward calculated signals from the models.
Advances in musculoskeletal MRI: Technical considerations (2012)

The technology of musculoskeletal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is advancing at a dramatic rate. MRI is now done at medium and higher field strengths with more specialized surface coils and with more variable pulse sequences and postprocessing techniques than ever before. These innumerable technical advances are advantageous as they lead to an increased signal-to-noise ratio and increased variety of soft-tissue contrast options. However, at the same time they potentially produce more imaging artifacts when compared with past techniques. Substantial technical advances have considerable clinical challenges in musculoskeletal radiology such as postoperative patient imaging, cartilage mapping, and molecular imaging. In this review we consider technical advances in hardware and software of musculoskeletal MRI along with their clinical applications.
Lymphocele: a possible relationship with acute cellular rejection in kidney transplantation (1999)

The high incidence of acute cell rejection in patients with lymphocele suggests a possible causal relationship between both conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: FAST NEW LITHIUM CONTAINING GLASS OF HIGH IONIC CONDUCTIVITY (1980)

Abstract Die Temp.‐Abhängigkeit der Leitfähigkeit (σ) eines durch Zusammenschmelzen von LiI und Li‐pyrothiophosphat bei 900°C und Tempern des Gemisches bei 700°C erhaltenen Glases der Zusammensetzung 0.37 Li 2 S‐0.18 P 2 S 5 ‐0.45 LiI wird im Bereich 25‐100°C (20°C unterhalb der Glas‐Übergangstemp.) untersucht.
EFFECT OF HEMODIALYSIS (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO AMINO ACIDS) (1976)

A B S T R A C T Arterial blood concentrations of insulin, glucagon, and various substrates were determined in six anephric subjects in the postabsorptive state and immediately after hemodialysis. Plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations were normal, and declined during dialysis. Plasma glucagon was elevated and remained unchanged. There was moderate hypertriglyceridemia before dialysis, but this decreased significantly after administration of heparin just before the start of dialysis, and at the end of dialysis was lowered further into the normal range. Comparison of postabsorptive whole blood concentrations of amino acids with those in normal, healthy adults revealed striking differences. Glutamine, proline, citrulline, glycine and both 1- and 3-methyl-histidines were increased, while serine, glutamate, tyrosine, lysine, and branched-chain amino acids were decreased. The glycine/serine ratio was elevated to 300% and tyrosine/ phenylalanine ratio was lowered to 60% of normal. To investigate the potential role of blood cells in
Regional analgesia in the critically ill (2005)

Regional analgesia using single-injection regional blocks and continuous neuraxial and peripheral catheters can play a valuable role in a multimodal approach to pain management in the critically ill patient to achieve optimum patient comfort and to reduce physiologic and psychological stress. By avoiding high systemic doses of opioids, several complications like withdrawal syndrome, delirium, mental status changes, and gastrointestinal dysfunction can be reduced or minimized. Because of limited patient cooperation during placement and monitoring of continuous regional analgesia, indications for their use must be carefully chosen based on anatomy, clinical features of pain, coagulation status, and logistic circumstances. High-quality nursing care and well-trained physicians are essential prerequisites to use these techniques safely in the critical care environment.
An assay for <i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i> using thermophilic virus (1968)

Abstract An assay for Bacillus stearothermophilus has been developed using thermophilic phage. The technique provides a convenient means of assaying samples for B. stearothermophilus at unselective temperatures and, under favourable circumstances, at ambient temperatures. In contrast with the viable‐count assay, which scores for both cells and spores, the phage assay scores only for dividing cells. Most infectious centres were shown to represent infected bacteria rather than free phage. In a temperate environment the number of' dividing B. stearothermophilus cells in soil was found to be negligible.
Direct Measurement of Protein Adhesion at Biomaterial Surfaces by Scanning Force Microscopy (2000)

The adsorption of human serum albumin (HSA) onto tailor-made polyurethane biomaterial coatings was measured in a liquid environment by scanning force microscopy (SFM). The adhesion of HSA onto polyurethane films was probed by adhesion force measurements with protein-coated SFM tips. Results reveal that HSA adsorbs readily onto hydrophobic polyurethane surfaces. Adsorption time profiles of the HSA deposition were elucidated by dynamic in situ force-distance measurements. The introduction of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) grafts, present at the biomaterial interface, inhibited all interactions with HSA. Latter results were explained by the combined effects of steric repulsion forces, minimal interfacial free energy, and high chain mobility of the hydrated PEG grafts. These phenomena were in excellent agreement with measurements obtained in surface plasmon resonance experiments.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Calix[4]arene‐Based Fluorescent Sensor for Sodium Ion. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronically Varied Quinazolinaps for Asymmetric Catalysis. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Relating the open-circuit voltage to interface molecular properties of donor:acceptor bulk heterojunction solar cells (2010)

The open-circuit voltage $({V}_{oc})$ of polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells is determined by the interfacial charge-transfer (CT) states between polymer and fullerene. Fourier-transform photocurrent spectroscopy and electroluminescence spectra of several polymer:fullerene blends are used to extract the relevant interfacial molecular parameters. An analytical expression linking these properties to ${V}_{oc}$ is deduced and shown to be valid for photovoltaic devices comprising three commonly used conjugated polymers blended with the fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). ${V}_{oc}$ is proportional to the energy of the CT states ${E}_{CT}$. The energetic loss $q\ensuremath{\Delta}V$ between ${E}_{CT}$ and $q{V}_{oc}$ vanishes when approaching 0 K. It depends linearly on $T$ and logarithmically on illumination intensity. Furthermore $q\ensuremath{\Delta}V$ can be reduced by decreasing the electronic coupling between polymer and fullerene or by reducing the nonradiative recombination rate. For the investigated devices we find a loss $q\ensuremath{\Delta}V$ of $\ensuremath{\sim}0.6\text{ }\text{eV}$ at room temperature and under solar illumination conditions, of which $\ensuremath{\sim}0.25\text{ }\text{eV}$ is due to radiative recombination via the CT state and $\ensuremath{\sim}0.35\text{ }\text{eV}$ is due to nonradiative recombination.
Photoelastic Properties of Polystyrene in the Glassy State. I. Effect of Molecular Orientation (1957)

The effect of molecular orientation on the stress-optical coefficient of polystyrene at room temperature (24°C) was measured using polystyrene monofilaments with different degrees of orientation. High degrees of orientation were obtained by cold-stretching. The optical measurements were made using a polarizing microscope fitted with a Sénarmont compensator. The stress-optical coefficient shows a strong dependence on molecular orientation, using birefringence as the index of molecular orientation. The stress-optical coefficient appears to decrease linearly vs birefringence, from a value of about +10 brewsters at zero birefringence to a value of about +4 brewsters at −0.04 birefringence. The elastic (Young's) modulus was also measured (in tension) as a function of orientation, and was found to increase nonlinearly with orientation (from 4.3×105 psi at zero birefringence to 6.1×105 psi at −0.04). A curve of strain-optical coefficient vs orientation was obtained by multiplying stress-optical and modulus values; this decreases nonlinearly and to a somewhat lesser extent than the stress-optical curve (from about +0.03 at zero birefringence to +0.017 at −0.04). The significance of these constants in photoelastic experiments is discussed.
Safety of Carotid Endarterectomy in 2,443 Elderly Patients: Lessons from Nonagenarians—Are We Pushing the Limit? (2005)

Carotid endarterectomy is performed in nonagenarians, as a group, with greater rates of perioperative mortality and morbidity than in younger patients, including octogenarians. But nonagenarians have a greater rate of symptomatic and emergent presentations than younger patients, which may account for their increased mortality, morbidity, length of stay, and incurred charges. Asymptomatic nonagenarians have similar outcomes after carotid endarterectomy compared with younger patients, including octogenarians, with low rates of mortality and morbidity.