gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-level preconditioned conjugate gradient methods with applications to bubbly flow problems (2008)

The Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (PCG) method is one of the most popular iterative methods for solving large linear systems with a symmetric and positive semi-definite coefficient matrix. However, if the preconditioned coefficient matrix is ill-conditioned, the convergence of the PCG method typically deteriorates. Instead, a two-level PCG method can be used. The corresponding two-level preconditioner usually treats unfavorable eigenvalues of the coefficient matrix effectively, so that the two-level PCG method is expected to converge faster than the original PCG method. Many two-level preconditioners are known in the fields of deflation, multigrid and domain decomposition methods. Several of them are discussed in this thesis, where the main focus is on the deflation method. We show some theoretical properties of the deflation method, which give insights into the effectiveness of this method. A crucial component of the deflation preconditioner is the choice of projection vectors. Several choices are discussed and examined. We advocate that subdomain projection vectors, which are based on disjoint and piecewise-constant vectors, are among the best choices for a class of problems. Subsequently, we examine the application of the deflation method to linear systems with singular coefficient matrices. Several mathematically equivalent variants of the original deflation method are proposed to deal with the possible singularity of this coefficient matrix. In addition, two approaches are discussed in order to handle coarse linear systems with a Galerkin matrix, which are involved in each iteration of the deflation method. After the discussion of the implementation and efficiency issues of the deflation method, it is demonstrated that this method is usually faster than the original PCG method. Moreover, we present a comparison between the deflation method and other well-known two-level PCG methods, among them the balancing-Neumann-Neumann, additive coarse-grid correction, and multigrid methods based on symmetric and nonsymmetric V-cycles. As the parameters of the corresponding two-level preconditioners are abstract, we show that these methods are strongly connected to each other. The comparison is also done where the different two-level PCG methods adopt their typical and optimized set of parameters. Numerical experiments show that some multigrid methods are attractive in addition to the deflation method. The major application of this thesis is the Poisson equation with a discontinuous coefficient, which is derived from 2-D and 3-D bubbly flow problems. Most of the performed numerical experiments in this thesis are based on this equation. Both stationary and time-dependent experiments are carried out to emphasize the theoretical results. We show that two-level PCG methods are significantly faster than the original PCG method in almost all experiments. Hence, computations involved in bubbly flows can be performed very efficiently using these PCG methods.
An Introduction to Hilbert Space (1988)

This textbook is an introduction to the theory of Hilbert space and its applications. The notion of Hilbert space is central in functional analysis and is used in numerous branches of pure and applied mathematics. Dr Young has stressed applications of the theory, particularly to the solution of partial differential equations in mathematical physics and to the approximation of functions in complex analysis. Some basic familiarity with real analysis, linear algebra and metric spaces is assumed, but otherwise the book is self-contained. It is based on courses given at the University of Glasgow and contains numerous examples and exercises (many with solutions). Thus it will make an excellent first course in Hilbert space theory at either undergraduate or graduate level and will also be of interest to electrical engineers and physicists, particularly those involved in control theory and filter design.
Efficacy dose determination study of tilmicosin phosphate in feed for control of pneumonia caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in swine. (1996)

Data indicate that tilmicosin phosphate fed to pigs at 200 to 400 micrograms/g is effective in controlling and preventing A pleuropneumoniae-induced pneumonia, when administered in feed for 21 days.
Report on metrics 2001 (2001)

This paper reports on the IEEE 7 th International Software Metrics Symposium (METRICS 2001), held in London, England, from the 4 th to 6 th April 2001 and co-hosted with the 12 th European Software Control and Metrics conference (ESCOM 2001). Metrics Symposia are the premier event in the area of software metrics and attract most of the leading researchers and industrial practitioners.
Short-term thermal unit commitment-a new method (1988)

A method and an algorithm based on this new method are presented. The effectiveness of the algorithm is illustrated by studying a 20-unit midwestern utility system, the EPRI 174-unit synthetic utility system D, and the EPRI 155-unit synthetic utility system E. The algorithm produces the same unit commitment schedule for the 20-unit system as a frequently used DP-STC algorithm in 15 s of computation time versus 524 s, respectively. The computation time is approximately linear with the number of hours in the unit commitment horizon. For the EPRI 174-unit system the algorithm requires only 205 s of computation time on a VAX 11/780 for a 48-hour horizon.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Determination of Malonaldehyde in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Comparative Study of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Thiobarbituric Acid Test (1997)

The concentration of malonaldehyde (MDA) was measured in human erythrocytes obtained from subjects suffering from senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT), non-demented elderly subjects, and from young controls by two methods: high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test. The MDA concentration measured by HPLC showed significant differences between SDAT and young control groups (p < 0.01) and between SDAT and non-demented elderly groups (p < 0.01), respectively. Nevertheless, significant differences were not exhibited between young control and non-demented elderly. Moreover, the rate of accumulation of TBA-reactive substances was not significantly different among the three groups. Our results indicate that the HPLC method is highly specific and accurate and distinguishes between true MDA and other aldehydes that may react with TBA. Significant increases in the concentration of MDA of SDAT subjects were found in comparison with the two other groups, indicating that the measurement of MDA in erythrocytes could be used as a marker of oxidative damage in Alzheimer's disease.
Placental Lactogen-I (PL-I) Target Tissues Identified with an Alkaline Phosphatase-PL-I Fusion Protein (1998)

The rat placenta expresses a family of genes related to prolactin (PRL). Target tissues and physiological roles for many members of the PRL family have yet to be determined. In this investigation we evaluated the use of an alkaline phosphatase (AP) tag for monitoring the behavior of a prototypical member of the PRL family, placental lactogen-I (PL-I). A probe was generated consisting of a fusion protein of human placental AP and rat PL-I (AP-PL-I). The AP-PL-I construct was stably expressed in 293 human fetal kidney cells, as was the unmodified AP vector that served as a control. AP activity was monitored with a colorimetric assay in conditioned medium from transfected cells. Immunoreactivity and PRL-like biological activities of the AP-PL-I fusion protein were demonstrated by immunoblotting and the Nb2 lymphoma cell proliferation assay, respectively. AP-PL-I specifically bound to tissue sections known to express the PRL receptor, including the ovary, liver, and choroid plexus. Binding of AP-PL-I to tissues was specific and could be competed with ovine PRL. The results indicate that AP is an effective tag for monitoring the behavior of PL-I and suggest that this labeling system may also be useful for monitoring the actions of other members of the PRL family.
Metrnl: a secreted protein with new emerging functions (2016)

Secreted proteins play critical roles in physiological and pathological processes and can be used as biomarkers and therapies for aging and disease. Metrnl is a novel secreted protein homologous to the neurotrophin Metrn. But this protein, unlike Metrn that is mainly expressed in the brain, shows a relatively wider distribution in the body with high levels of expression in white adipose tissue and barrier tissues. This protein plays important roles in neural development, white adipose browning and insulin sensitization. Based on its expression and distinct functions, this protein is also called Cometin, Subfatin and Interleukin 39, which refer to its neurotrophic effect, adipokine function and the possible action as a cytokine, respectively. The spectrum of Metrnl functions remains to be determined, and the mechanisms of Metrnl action need to be elucidated. In this review, we focus on the discovery, structural characteristics, expression pattern and physiological functions of Metrnl, which will assist in developing this protein as a new therapeutic target or agent.
A Capability-Based Privacy-Preserving Scheme for Pervasive Computing Environments (2005)

In a pervasive computing environment, users interact with many smart devices or service providers (SPs) to obtain some useful services from them. These SPs can be either genuine or malicious. As a result, users privacy is at a greater risk, as they are prone to revealing their location, identity and transactions information to such SPs. On the other hand, user authentication is also required for SPs to provide service access control to only authorized users. In order to protect users privacy, they must be allowed to have anonymous interactions with SPs. But, authenticating and authorizing an anonymous user becomes a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a simple and efficient scheme that allows users to anonymously interact with SPs and the SPs can effectively authenticate and authorize the users based on the anonymous information submitted by the users.
Preclinical efficacy on GSK‐3 inhibitors: Towards a future generation of powerful drugs (2008)

The renewed interest in glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), involved in the molecular pathogenesis of human severe diseases, is focused on the potential of its inhibitors to treat diseases that have significant limitations in their current treatments. During the last 5 years, a lot of literature discuss progress in the search and pharmacological actions of GSK-3 inhibitors, but now, evidence have been accumulated showing preclinical efficacy for these new drugs, in very different models of several distinct pathologies. These studies have been summarized in the present review offering promising examples for new therapies for diabetes, cancer, inflammation, Alzheimer's disease and other neurological pathologies, and mood disorders. Now, clinical human trials are awaiting to confirm the ray of hope that GSK-3 inhibitors are arising for the future treatment of severe unmet diseases.
Practical Considerations on the Electrical Safety of the High Power System in a Prototype EV (2013)

Policies and market demand for eco-friendly transportation systems have drawn increasing attention to EVs. Robust and safe electrical systems are necessary to ensure the consumers' trust in the future generation of electric vehicles. This paper describes a case study dealing with the design and implementation of electrical stability and protection schemes in an electric vehicle. Fundamental safety requirements in EV electrical systems are discussed, whilst considering the integrity of the vehicle's systems in addition to the occupants' safety. The application of system-level protection devices for these requirements is then explored. Finally, the application and verification of the proposed protection circuit is described, in the process of designing and developing an electric vehicle with foldable concept, known as the "Armadillo-T;" an innovative, futuristic, and micro-sized vehicle driven by four in-wheel motors, which has been designed and built from zero.
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Amniotic Fluid-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Obtained from Caesarean Sections (2017)

Human amniotic fluid cells are immune-privileged with low immunogenicity and anti-inflammatory properties. They are able to self-renew, are highly proliferative, and have a broad differentiation potential, making them amenable for cell-based therapies. Amniotic fluid (AF) is routinely obtained via amniocentesis and contains heterogeneous populations of foetal-derived progenitor cells including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study, we isolated human MSCs from AF (AF-MSCs) obtained during Caesarean sections (C-sections) and characterized them. These AF-MSCs showed typical MSC characteristics such as morphology, <i>in vitro</i> differentiation potential, surface marker expression, and secreted factors. Besides vimentin and the stem cell marker CD133, subpopulations of AF-MSCs expressed pluripotency-associated markers such as SSEA4, c-Kit, TRA-1-60, and TRA-1-81. The secretome and related gene ontology (GO) terms underline their immune modulatory properties. Furthermore, transcriptome analyses revealed similarities with native foetal bone marrow-derived MSCs. Significant KEGG pathways as well as GO terms are mostly related to immune function, embryonic skeletal system, and TGF<i>β</i>-signalling. An AF-MSC-enriched gene set included putative AF-MSC markers <i>PSG5</i>, <i>EMX-2</i>, and <i>EVR-3</i>. In essence, C-section-derived AF-MSCs can be routinely obtained and are amenable for personalized cell therapies and disease modelling.
An Automatic Array Distribution Technique for Multi-Bank Memory of High Performance IoT Systems (2019)

Mobile devices designed for IoT exploit a variety of system optimization techniques to maximize performance while reducing power consumption. These technologies apply to communication modules, to memory system, and to the central processing unit. Most of the technologies are developed and applied at the design stage of the system, but not many technologies are applied at the system integration stage. In the system integration stage, the major power consuming parts are the communication part and the memory part. Since communication has a lot of variables depending on the network environment, there are some limited technologies available, but in the case of memory, a large benefit can be obtained depending on the technology applied. Mobile or IoT system's memory structures can be classified in many different ways, of which we focus on multi-bank memory. Multi-bank memory refers to a method of dividing a large memory into several smaller memories. Using multi-bank memory can reduce operating power consumption and support parallel memory accesses, resulting in improved performance, which is often used in commercial products. A compiler should generate the access instruction and data placement properly. Therefore, the system performance is determined by the compiler performance. In this paper, we introduce a compiler optimization technique for multi-bank memory to overcome the compiler performance. The proposed technique can improve energy consumption by up to 20% in multi-bank memory systems.
Effect of Highly Fragmented DNA on PCR (1996)

We characterized the behavior of polymerase chain reactions (PCR) using degraded DNA as a template. We first demonstrated that fragments larger than the initial template fragments can be amplified if overlapping fragments are allowed to anneal and extend prior to routine PCR. Amplification products increase when degraded genomic DNA is pretreated by polymerization in the absence of specific primers. Secondly, we measured nucleotide uptake as a function of template DNA degradation. dNTP incorporation initially increases with increasing DNA fragmentation and then declines when the DNA becomes highly degraded. We demonstrated that dNTP uptake continues for >10 polymerization cycles and is affected by the quality and quantity of template DNA and by the amount of substrate dNTP. These results suggest that although reconstruction of degraded DNA may allow amplification of large fragments, reconstructive polymerization and amplification polymerization may compete. This was confirmed in PCR where the addition of degraded DNA reduced the resultant product. Because terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity of Taq polymerase may inhibit 3' annealing and restrict the length of template reconstruction, we suggest modified PCR techniques which separate reconstructive and amplification polymerization reactions.
Pharmacological mechanisms for left ventricular unloading in clinical congestive heart failure. Differential effects of nitroprusside, phentolamine, and nitroglycerin on cardiac function and peripheral circulation. (1976)

We compared cardiocirculatory actions of the commonly employed systemic vasodilators, intravenous (iv) nitroprusside (NP), iv phentolamine (PH), and sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG), causing left ventricular (LV) unloading in 29 chronic coronary subjects with congestive failure to determine whether they produce disparate responses in LV function by different relaxing actions on systemic resistance and capacitance beds. Each drug equally lowered systemic arterial pressures to a small extent, whereas heart rate rose slightly with NTG. Cardiac catheterization showed a decline in end-diastolic pressure with NTG (19 to 8 mm Hg) which was greater (P less than 0.05) than with NP and PH (21 to 11). Cardiac index increased (P less than 0.05) during NP (2.68 to 2.93 liters/min per m2) and PH (2.60 to 3.02) but was unchanged (2.83) by NTG. Stroke work increased with PH, ejection fraction rose with NP and PH, and mean ejection rate increased with each, whereas pressure-time per minute fell and end-diastolic volume decreased with each agent. Total systemic vascular resistance declined (P less than 0.001) during NP and PH (1,475 to 1,200 dynes sec cm-5) but was unchanged (1,487) by NTG. Plethysmographically, forearm vascular resistance (FVR) decreased (P less than 0.01) with NP and PH (61.6 to 39.1 mm Hg/ml per 100 g/min) but not (52.4) by NTG. The decreases in venous tone (VT) with NTG (18.2 to 9.3 mm Hg/ml) and NP (18.5 to 9.8) were greater (P less than 0.05) than with PH (18.8 to 13.1) FVR/VT percent changes of 0.96, 1.62, and 0.53 with NP, PH, and NTG indicated balanced systemic arteriolovenous relaxation by iv NP, greater arteriolar dilation with iv PH, and predominant venous dilation by sublingual NTG. Thus, vasodilators produce disparate modifications of LV function by their differing alterations of preload and impedance, which are dependent upon relative extents of relaxation of systemic resistance and capacitance vessels characteristic of each agent as used clinically.
Aggregation query model for OODBMS (2002)

Query language and querying facilities are critical factors for wide acceptance of Object-Oriented Database Management Systems (OODBMS) in the market. In this paper, we focus on query model on an aggregation hierarchy. We call this query &quot;Aggregation Query&quot;. Query on an aggregation hierarchy is unique and differs from general query on association relationships. The latter is often known as path expression query. The difference is analogous to the distinction between association and aggregation in object modelling. In our proposal, we present three important elements of aggregation query, particularly (i) aggregation query hierarchy, (ii) shorthand path expression for aggregation query utility, and (iii) retrieving aggregation tree. Whilst the first element above is adopted from path expression queries, the second element is an extension to general path expression query, and the third element is unique to aggregation, as aggregation resembles a Part-Of relationship, which is more specialized than association relationships.
Part Two: The Work and Its Double Literary Resemblances and the Law (1989)

The possible copyright violations in the alleged plagiarisation of Lucy Maud Montgomery's novel 'The Blue Castle' (1926) by Colleen McCullough in her novel 'The Ladies of Missalonghi' (1987) are analysed. It is suggested that Australian copyright law is bound by technological, moral, literary and commercial factors, which may allow the novel to escape from the charge of copyright violations.
Appraising healthcare ventilation design from combined infection control and energy perspectives (2012)

This paper considers an approach for assessing the balance between energy use and infection control in hospital ward ventilation by combining a stochastic disease outbreak model with a cost evaluation. Disease dynamics are simulated using an SEIR infection modelling approach, with the contact rate due to airborne transmission incorporated through coupling with the Wells-Riley model. Results presented for a hypothetical ward scenario demonstrate that stochastic effects in a small population, such as a hospital, are a controlling factor in the risk of an outbreak and that conventional deterministic models may give misleading results. Cost appraisals clearly show the trade-off between ventilation provision and infection risk depends on many factors including the disease characteristics, people concerned, ventilation system design and rate and the costs of both providing ventilation and treating infections. Although limitations in the input data currently reduce the robustness of the outputs, the approach is shown to be a useful framework for a tool that can quantitatively assess ventilation design from different perspectives for healthcare environments. The paper also highlights some of the knowledge required from further research to enable better quantification of the behaviour of pathogens and the transmission processes for hospital infections.
Creaming Latex with Ammonium Alginate (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCreaming Latex with Ammonium AlginateErnst Schmidt and R. H. KelseyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1951, 43, 2, 406–412Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50494a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50494a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts