gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High performance OLED panels for Sony CLIE PDA: development of red emitter and super top emission structure (2005)

Sony has commercialized a full-color OLED comprising a new red emissive material, which provides high performance and long operation lifetime. We have carried out systematic research and developed a promising material that has excellent properties for practical applications. This compound shows an absorption peak and a luminescence peak at 483 nm and 644 nm, respectively. The molar absorption coefficient is large (ε = 38,100 M<sup>-1</sup>cm<sup>-1</sup> in 1,4-dioxane) and the fluorescence quantum yield is also very high (QY<sub>f</sub> =0.82 in 1,4-dioxane). The glass transition temperature is as high as 135 °C. This compound offers thermally stable amorphous state in vacuum coating and is emissive even in single component films. We incorporated the new styryl compound in Sony's proprietary Super Top Emission technology and achieved outstanding brightness and wide color gamut comparable to the NTSC standard. The Super Top Emission consists of a top emitting device structure and color filters, which realize sufficient brightness and pure color at the same time without impairing the wide viewing angles. We obtained suitable device performance for practical use by tuning the layered structures. The emitting color is adjusted by optimizing the doping concentration of the styryl compound in the emitting layer and each thickness of the organic layers. We achieved the chromaticity (0.65, 0.35) in the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric system. The device operation lifetime exceeds 64,000 hours at the initial luminance 500 cd/m<sup>2</sup>. We would also like to discuss the advantages over the conventional red emissive materials.
Effects of capsaicin on corneal wound healing. (1990)

This study examined whether the depletion of neuropeptides from sensory nerve terminals induced by capsaicin modifies the healing rate of experimental corneal wounds in adult rabbits. Capsaicin (33 or 3.3 mM solutions) was administered topically and/or by a single retrobulbar injection to one eye while the fellow eye, treated with the vehicle, served as a control. After 1-3 weeks of treatment, an epithelial wound was made in the center of the cornea of both eyes with n-heptanol. Migration rates of epithelial cells surrounding the wound and estimated wound closure times were calculated by measuring the reduction in wound size. Combined treatment with 33 mM retrobulbar and 3.3 mM topical capsaicin for 3 weeks induced a significant delay in epithelial migration rates and in wound closure times (P less than 0.05). Topical or retrobulbar capsaicin alone for 3 weeks and combined treatment lasting only 1 week were not sufficient to modify wound healing times. The substance P antagonist, spantide (3 mM), applied topically for 1-3 weeks before or immediately after corneal wounding was also ineffective in changing wound closure rates. These findings suggest that the delayed wound healing observed after prolonged treatment with capsaicin could be due to a sustained depletion of neuropeptides from corneal sensory endings, supporting the hypothesis that trophic effects of sensory nerves on corneal epithelium are, at least in part, mediated by neuropeptides contained in peripheral nerve terminals.
A content-adaptive wavelet-like transform for aliasing suppression in image and video compression (2009)

In the application of resolution scalable video coding, pure wavelet transforms offer attractive compression performance yet suffer from poor frequency rolloff, resulting in noticeable aliasing artifacts. In our previous work, we proposed a wavelet-based scheme which exploits spectral properties of natural images to achieve good antialiasing performance with a critically sampled transform. However, the scheme suffers from ringing artifacts and reduced energy compaction, which results in compression on par with Laplacian pyramids. In this paper we extend this scheme to be spatially adaptive. We find this achieves improvements over the non-adaptive method of up to 0.5 dB at 1 bpp, substantially reduces incidence of ringing artifacts and maintains the original property of aliasing suppression.
LA RÉACTION DE REFORMATSKY APPLIQUÉE À L'OXO-2 CYCLOHEXANE-PROPIONITRILE ET À DES CÉTO-NITRILES ANALOGUES (1960)

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A Simplification of Procedure for Determining Solids Content of Liquid Albumen (1965)

The A.O.A.C. (1960) method for determining solids content of liquid albumen is: weigh accurately a 5.0 gm. (ca) sample of liquid albumen into a previously weighed covered dish, place on steam bath for one hour, replace cover loosely, and complete drying in a vacuum oven to a constant weight (ca 5 hrs.) at 98–100°C.; cool in desiccator, weigh, and calculate as percent solids. A second method proposed and used by The Institute of American Poultry Industries is: weigh sample as in previous method into a covered aluminum dish 2″ in diameter and ⅞″ in depth. Remove cover, place dish in atomospheric thermostatically controlled oven at 105–107°C. overnight. Cool in desiccator, weigh and calculate percent solids. Neither of the above methods makes any provision for easy removal of the dried albumen from the aluminum dish after completion of the determination of solids. Dried liquid yolk, because of the fat…
Glycosides Having Chromophores as Substrates for Sensitive Enzyme Analysis. V. Synthesis of 6'-O-Substituted 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein N-Acetyl-.BETA.-D-glucosaminides as Substrates for the Rate-Assay of N-Acetyl-.BETA.-D-glucosaminidase. (1993)

Sixteen novel 6'-O-substituted 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminides (2a-p) were synthesized from 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein 2, 3, 4, 6-tetraacetyl-β-D-glucosaminide (10), prepared through 3 steps from 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein (3). These N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminides were examined to evaluate their solubility under the weakly acidic rate-assay conditions (pH 5.0) and their kinetic parameters with N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase. Among these compounds, 6'-O-carboxymethyl- (2a), 6'-O-(N, N-dimethylaminoethyl)- (2i), and 6'-O-sulfoxyethyl-2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminides (2p), are considered to be potential chromogenic substrates for the rate-assay of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, since they showed good solubility of more than 10mM, moderate Km values of 1.46-2.04mM, and higher sensitivity to the enzyme than 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide.
Metachromasia of the endocervical epithelium in women treated with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (2001)

Endocervical epithelium from women treated with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist) were compared with those from untreated women, using metachromatic stain with toluidine blue and immunohistochemistry, for estrogen and progesterone receptors. Smaller endocervical epithelium with lower intraepithelial mucus and more prominent nuclear distribution of estrogen receptors were seen in a woman who was treated for twelve months with GnRH agonists, as compared with those from an untreated premenopausal woman.
Seed Germination of Southern Seaoats (Uniola paniculata) as Influenced by Stratification, Temperature, and Light (2002)

Abstract Seeds of southern seaoats ( Uniola paniculata L.) were removed from storage at 4C (39F) and stratified (moist-prechilled) for 0, 15, or 30 days at 4C (39F). Following stratification, seeds were germinated at 25C (77F) or 30C (86F) or at 8/16 hr thermoperiods of 30/20C (86/68F) or 35/25C (95/77F) with daily photoperiods at each temperature of 0 (total darkness), 2, 4, 8, 12, or 24 hr. Germination was recorded every 3 days for 30 days. Light had no effect on germination. Regardless of photoperiod the influence of light was nonsignificant ( P = 0.45). On the other hand, temperature and stratification were significant ( P = 0.0001) and there was a significant interaction ( P = 0.001) between the two parameters. Averaged across all treatments, the highest total germination was realized at 35/25C (95/77F) (60%) followed by 30/20C (86/68F) (48%), 30C (86F) (37%), and 25C (77F) (31 %). Stratification was not a requirement for germination but stratification for 15 days increased the rate of germination but not total germination. However, stratification for 30 days decreased germination due to seed decay caused by fungal growth despite seed treatment with 1.3% sodium hypochlorite prior to stratification. Seed decay during germination was observed and treatments to reduce decay should be investigated since viability tests with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC or TZ) indicated that initial seed viability was >95%.
A silicon condenser microphone with a highly perforated backplate (2002)

Condenser microphone chips in monocrystalline silicon have been designed and realized with a technology that is well adapted to batch fabrication. The novel design has a thin and highly perforated backplate in combination with an air-gap of 2 mu m. The device has a low bias voltage of 5 V, a frequency response within +or-3 dB from 2 Hz to 20 kHz, and sensitivities in the range of 1 to 2 mV/Pa. Simulations with equivalent acoustical circuits agree well with experimental data up to a frequency of 15 kHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Protecting Wireless Networks against a Denial of Service Attack Based on Virtual Jamming (2003)

In the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol [1], virtual carrier-sense and physical carrier-sense functions are used to determine the availability of the shared medium. The medium is considered idle only when both of these two functions indicate that the medium is idle. While the physical carrier-sense function uses the physical layer to sense the carrier, the virtual carrier-sense function is based on the Network Allocation Vector (NAV). Most IEEE 802.11 frames carry a duration field, which is used to reserve the medium for a fixed time period. The NAV is a timer that indicates the amount of time for which the medium has been reserved. Transmitting nodes set the NAV to the time for which they expect to use the medium, including the transmission time of all the frames in a sequence. Other nodes set up a process to count down the NAV. When the NAV is greater than zero, the virtual carrier-sense function indicates that the medium is busy. When the NAV reaches zero, the medium is reported to be idle. This mechanism, combined with the RTS/CTS exchange, is designed to reduce frame collisions and prevent the hidden terminal problem. However, when nodes set up the NAV values, they do not know whether the expected frame exchange will actually take place. Furthermore, they do not verify if the NAV value has reserved a time that is indeed necessary for the current operation. These are vulnerabilities that a misbehaving node may exploit to block neighboring nodes from accessing the shared medium for an extended period of time. In this work, we investigate these vulnerabilities and potential virtual jamming attacks made possible by them. We also propose a backwardcompatible solution to overcome these vulnerabilities.
NMR structure of the first Ig module of mouse FGFR1 (2006)

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors (FGFRs) regulate a multitude of cellular processes during embryogenesis and in the adult. The extracellular part of the prototypical FGFR consists of three Ig modules (Ig1 - Ig3), in which Ig2 and Ig3 determine affinity and specificity for FGF and heparin, while the Ig1 module is thought to have a regulatory function. The crystal structures of the Ig2 and Ig3 modules alone and in complex with FGF have previously been reported. The structure of the Ig1 module is unknown, and very little is known about the structural determinants for the regulatory function of this module. We describe here the NMR structure of the Ig1 module of mouse FGFR1. The three-dimensional fold of the module belongs to the intermediate Ig subgroup and can be described as a beta-barrel consisting of two beta-sheets. One sheet is formed by A', G, F, C, and C', and the other by A, B, B', E, and D beta-strands. The overall strand topology of the Ig1 module is similar to that of the Ig2 and Ig3 modules. However, the A/A' loop of the Ig1 module is much longer than that of the Ig2 and Ig3 modules. It contains eight extra residues compared to the Ig3 module, and five extra residues compared to Ig2.
Clinical importance of non-specific lipid transfer proteins as food allergens (2002)

Non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) have recently been identified as plant food allergens. They are good examples of true food allergens, in the sense that they are capable of sensitizing, i.e. inducing specific IgE, as well as of eliciting severe symptoms. This is in contrast with most plant food allergens, which are recognized because of primary sensitization to related inhalant allergens (cross-reactivity), i.e. pollen allergens. The basis of the difference between the latter category and strong food allergens such as nsLTPs appears to lie in the sensitivity of the allergens to proteolytic attack and food processing. Stability allows the allergen to reach the gastrointestinal immune system in an immunogenic and allergenic conformation, allowing sensitization and induction of systemic symptoms. Stability also explains the presence of such allergens in processed foods. Together, these characteristics make nsLTPs clinically highly relevant plant food allergens and ideal tools with which to study the mechanisms involved in food allergy.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGE ANALYSIS TO EXPLAIN MOISTURE MOVEMENT DURING WHEAT DRYING (2006)

Two-dimensional (2D) spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to explain the moisture movementin single wheat kernels prior to and during drying. Drying was performed at temperatures of 40C and 50C using heatedN2 gas at a velocity of 0.23 m/s. Individual wheat kernels of 20% to 64% moisture content (wet mass basis) were dried to studythe moisture movement inside the kernel during drying. MR images were recorded at equal time intervals during drying.Moisture distribution and transfer were analyzed from MR images of wheat kernels obtained before and during drying.Moisture distribution was non-uniform at an equilibrium state prior to drying. Further, moisture loss from the seed partsdiffered significantly during drying. The MR images were used to obtain the drying rates and patterns of water in wheat kernelsduring the drying process. Influence of grain parts on the moisture distribution was also studied using mechanically scarifiedkernels and germ-removed kernels.
Structure and Growth of Polymeric Niobia-Silica Mixed-Oxide Sols for Microporous Molecular Sieving Membranes: A SAXS Study (2009)

Branched polymeric niobia-silica (NS) mixed-oxide sols with a Nb:Si molar ratio between 0.33 and 0.8 were made by acid-catalyzed sol−gel synthesis and characterized using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The growth rate of NS sols after addition of a niobium alkoxide precursor to a prehydrolyzed silica sol in alcohol under highly acidic conditions was monitored. The results indicated a fractal structure, with radii of gyration and fractal dimensions that increased simultaneously as a function of time. The radii of gyration were between 2 and 5.5 nm, whereas the fractal dimensions were in the range of 1.5−2.0 within experimental error. The experimental data are indicative of growth via a diffusion-limited cluster aggregation (DLCA) mechanism on a time scale of hours. The dominant growth mechanism in the very early stage of reaction must have been different. Sols with higher Nb:Si molar ratios grew faster, which is due to the higher reactivity of Nb compared to Si alkoxides. Dilution and control over temperature can be employed to control the size of the sols precisely.
Single Photon Imaging Cameras for 3D Imaging Applications (2011)

3D imaging under low-light level conditions and from airborne platforms requires large-format, high sensitivity imaging cameras with small size, low weight and power. Furthermore for foliage penetration and camouflage imaging, cameras operating in the 1 to 1.5 µm wavelengths are needed. Boeing Spectrolab has been developing compact single photon sensitive Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (Gm-APD) cameras operating at 1.06 µm wavelength for these applications. In this paper, we present the design and performance Gm-APD focal plane arrays and cameras and imaging results from these cameras.
pH-dependent fusion between the Semliki Forest virus membrane and liposomes. (1980)

Semliki Forest virus was mixed with liposomes containing phosphatidylcholine,phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, and cholesterol. When the pH of the mixture was dropped to 6 or below, rapid fusion between the membranes of the virus and the liposomes occurred, resulting in the transfer of viral nucleocapsids into the liposomes. Fusion was demonstrated biochemically by trapping RNase or trypsin within the liposomes. Trapped RNase digested the viral RNA into acid-soluble form, providing a simple quantitative assay for fusion. Trapped trypsin digested the viral capsid protein. Fusion was also demonstrated by electron microscopy as the formation of large vesicles containing viral glycoproteins on the surface and nucleocapsids inside. The efficiency of fusion was 91 +/- 6%. In addition to low pH, it required that the viral glycoproteins be intact. In the target liposomes, cholesterol (but none of the individual phospholipids) was essential. Divalent cations were not required. Our previous studies with tissue culture cells indicated that the final step in the penetration of the Semliki Forest virus genome into host cells might involve a fusion event between the membrane of lysosomally trapped viruses and the lysosomal membrane [Helenius, A., Kartenbeck, J., Simons, K. & Fries, E. (1980) J. Cell Biol, 84, 404--420]. The data presented here are fully compatible with this hypothesis.
Site‐selective 8‐chloroadenosine 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate inhibits transformation and transforming growth factor α production in Ki‐<i>ras</i>‐transformed rat fibroblasts (1989)

A site-selective cAMP analog, 8-chloroadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Cl-cAMP), was demonstrated to be a potent inhibitor of both the monolayer and soft agar growth of normal rat kidney (NRK) fibroblasts that had been transformed with the v-Ki-ras oncogene or treated with transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha). The growth inhibition was dose dependent and reversible and was accompanied by reversion of the transformed phenotype, suppression of TGF alpha production, and a decrease in p21 ras protein levels. These effects of 8-Cl-cAMP were linked to the cAMP analog's selective modulation of the type I and type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunits, RI and RII, present in Ki-ras-transformed and TGF alpha-treated NRK cells.
Substitution of ASP193 to ASN at the active site of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase results in conformational changes (1992)

The crystal structure of a mutant of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Rhodospirillium rubrum, where Asp193, one of the ligands of the magnesium ion at the activator site, is replaced by Asn, has been determined to a nominal resolution of 0.26 nm. The mutation of Asp to Asn induces both local and global conformation changes as follows. The side chain of Asn193 moves away from the active site and interacts with main-chain oxygen of residue 165, located in the neighbouring strand beta 1 of the alpha/beta barrel. The side chain of Lys166, which forms a salt bridge with Asp193 in the wild-type enzyme, interacts with Asn54 from the second subunit and creates a new subunit-subunit interaction. Another new subunit-subunit interaction is formed, more than 1.2 nm away from the site of the mutation. In the mutant enzyme, the side chain of Asp263 interacts with the side chain of Thr106 from the second subunit. Asp193 is not part of a subunit-subunit interface area or an allosteric regulatory site. Nevertheless, replacement of this residue by Asn results, unexpectedly, in a difference in the packing of the two subunits, which can be described as a slight rotation of one of the subunits relative to the second. The observed structural changes at the active site of the enzyme provide a molecular explanation for the differing behaviour of the Asp193----Asn mutant with respect to activation.
Enzymes make light work of hydrocarbon production (2017)

An algal enzyme that uses visible light to catalyze hydrocarbon formation may find use in biotechnology
Calibration of<i>BVRI</i>Photometry for the Wide Field Channel of the<i>HST</i>Advanced Camera for Surveys (2011)

We present new observations of two Galactic globular clusters, PAL4 and PAL14, using the Wide-Field Channel of the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and reanalyze archival data from a third, NGC2419. We matched our photometry of hundreds of stars in these fields from the ACS images to existing, ground-based photometry of faint sequences which were calibrated on the standard BVRI system of Landolt. These stars are significantly fainter than those generally used for HST calibration purposes, and therefore are much better matched to supporting precision photometry of ACS science targets. We were able to derive more accurate photometric transformation coefficients for the commonly used ACS broad-band filters compared to those published by Sirianni, et al. (2005), owing to the use of a factor of several more calibration stars which span a greater range of color. We find that the inferred transformations from each cluster individually do not vary significantly from the average, except for a small offset of the photometric zeropoint in the F850LP filter. Our results suggest that the published prescriptions for the time-dependent correction of CCD charge-transfer efficiency appear to work very well over the ~3.5 yr interval that spans our observations of PAL4 and PAL14 and the archived images of NGC2419.
Interfacial shear strength studies of nicalon fibers in epoxy matrix using single fiber composite test (1995)

Abstract Interfacial properties of Nicalon (SiC) fiber in epoxy matrices of varying stiffnesses were studied using the single fiber composite test, in conjunction with stress birefringence patterns. Extensive debonding was observed with hard epoxies, but transverse matrix cracks were found in the more flexible epoxies, with the interface remaining intact. Micromechanical modeling and Monte Carlo simulation of the single fiber composite fragmentation process provided a basis to compute the interfacial shear stress from the final fragmentation length distribution. The interfacial shear stress appeared to decrease moderately with increasing matrix ductility. The large diameter Nicalon fibers create transverse cracks in the single fiber composite specimens made with flexible epoxies. Consequently, there is a high possibility of premature failure of the specimen before fiber break saturation is reached. This poses some difficulty in interpreting the results for flexible epoxies. It was also found that the interfacial shear stress values from the single fiber composite tests were always considerably higher than the ultimate shear stress values obtained from bulk epoxy (without fiber) tension tests. This effect is similar to what was seen earlier for single fiber composite tests based on graphite fibers and similar epoxy blends, though the difference between the two values was not as great.