gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective-medium approach to planar multilayer hyperbolic metamaterials: Strengths and limitations (2012)

We express the optical properties of multilayered hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) in terms of the Fresnel reflection coefficients at the boundary between the metamaterial and the ambient medium. Formation of a band of bulk propagating modes in HMMs located far outside the lightcone of homogeneous isotropic media is demonstrated. Exotic behavior of HMMs, such as the broadband Purcell effect and suppressed outward scattering, is reproduced. Conditions under which a metal-dielectric multilayer can be approximated by a homogeneous effective medium with extreme anisotropy (indefinite medium) are derived. It is shown that real multilayer HMMs usually have a smaller Purcell factor than the corresponding effective medium; however, the reverse scenario is shown to be possible due to an intermediary role of short-range surface plasmon excitations in the outermost metal layer in a metal-dielectric multilayer.
The frog gonadotropin-releasing hormone-I (GnRH-I) gene has a mammalian- like expression pattern and conserved domains in GnRH-associated peptide, but brain onset is delayed until metamorphosis (1994)

Recent evidence indicates a localized origin in the olfactory placode for the mammalian forebrain neurons that express GnRH. To identify the cellular and molecular signals that induce the GnRH phenotype, we cloned and characterized a cDNA encoding the GnRH prohormone, the precursor for both GnRH-I and GnRH-associated peptide in the frog, Xenopus laevis, an embryonic model accessible to experimental manipulation. The 396-base cDNA represented a single mRNA species encoding an 89-amino acid prepro-GnRH that, unlike a recently cloned fish GnRH gene, was identical to both the mammalian GnRH decapeptide as well as multiple domains within GnRH-associated peptide. Serial section in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunocytochemistry in adult frog localized a forebrain system comprising 250-350 cell bodies whose overall neuroanatomy, including fiber projections, was very similar to that described for mammals. However, neither Northern nor in situ hybridization detected GnRH expression in midbrain, arguing that another frog gene encodes the midbrain GnRH-II expression pattern described by many others using antisera directed against the fish GnRH-I or chicken GnRH-II decapeptides. In contrast to mammals and birds, in which GnRH-expressing cells migrate into embryonic forebrain, frog GnRH cells were first detected after they reached their final position in the preoptic area during the late larval period. Thus, although previous studies proposed a complex organization for the GnRH system in the frog, our findings show that similar to mammals, there is a single gene that can account for the continuum of GnRH-I cells spanning frog forebrain. However, unlike mammals, in frogs, for unknown reasons, GnRH-I gene expression is suppressed until metamorphic climax.
SYMPATRY IN PALEARCTIC<i>ALECTORIS</i>PARTRIDGES (1962)

Journal Article SYMPATRY IN PALEARCTIC ALECTORIS PARTRIDGES Get access George E. Watson George E. Watson Peabody Museum of Natural History Department of Zoology Yale University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Evolution, Volume 16, Issue 1, 1 March 1962, Pages 11–19, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1962.tb03194.x Published: 01 March 1962 Article history Received: 08 May 1961 Published: 01 March 1962
Nondetects and data analysis : statistics for censored environmental data (2005)

Preface. Acknowledgments. Introduction: An Accident Waiting To Happen. 1. In Focus. 2. The Three Approaches. 3. Reporting Limits. 4. Storing Data in Databases. 5. Plotting Data With Nondetects. 6. Computing Summary Statistics. 7. Computing Interval Estimates. 8. What Can Be Done When All Data Are Below the Reporting Limits? 9. Comparing Two Groups. 10. Comparing Three or More Groups. 11. Correlation. 12. Regression and Trends. Appendix: Datasets. References. Index.
Yamaguchi Fox-Pigeon Imitation Test: A Rapid Test for Dementia (2010)

This brief hand-gesture imitation test can sensitively evaluate visuomotor deficits in dementia/AD, while some subjects are unaware of their failure or even that their cognitive function is being tested. We herein describe the precise protocol for worldwide use.
Spectrophotometric determination of ornidazole and norfloxacin in tablets (2003)

Two simple spectrophotometric methods for the determination of ornidazole and norfloxacin in pharmaceutical preparations have been developed. First method is based on simultaneous equations. In the second method, derivative spectroscopy is used to eliminate spectral interference. Both drugs obey Beer's law in the concentration range employed for the analysis. The results of analysis have been validated statistically and by recovery studies.
A novel slotted-ring architecture for parallel processing: an application (1994)

A novel efficient bus architecture is presented together with an application. The bus architecture belongs to a slotted-ring class. 32-bits of data, l4-bits address, and signalling buses span across a maximum of sixteen processors configured in a ring. The bus information arriving at each processing element can be either: passed without change, captured by the processing element (PE) and/or overwritten by the PE. The delay through each PE is 30 ns when using 1989 IC technology. Through the use of newer IC technology and due to unique physical arrangement of the bus the delay time can be reduced to approximately 15 ns. Through the use of time slot arrangements and/or signalling lines the data can reach any of the other processors in the system. Logically each processor sees the memory of the other as part of a global write-only memory. The unique hardware processor internal synchronization mechanism reduces the synchronization overhead. This paper presents implementation details of the hardware as well an application in the iterative solution of dense linear equations as the test-bed multiprocessor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluation of risks of foot‐and‐mouth disease in Scotland to assist with decision making during the 2007 outbreak in the UK (2011)

An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) occurred in Surrey on August 3, 2007. A Great Britain-wide ban on livestock movements was implemented immediately. This coincided with the start of seasonal sheep movements off the hills in Scotland; the majority of these animals are sold via markets. The ban therefore posed severe economic and animal-welfare hardships if it was to last through September and beyond. The Scottish Government commissioned an analysis to assess the risk of re-opening markets given the uncertainty about whether FMD had entered Scotland. Tracing of livestock moved from within the risk zone in England between July 16 and August 3 identified contact chains to 12 Scottish premises; veterinary field inspections found a further three unrecorded movements. No signs of infection were found on these holdings. Under the conservative assumption that a single unknown Scottish holding was infected with FMD, an estimate of the time-dependent probability of Scotland being FMD free given no detection was made. Analyses indicated that if FMD was not detected by early to mid-September then it was highly probable that Scotland was FMD free. Risk maps were produced to visualise the potential spread of FMD across Scotland if it was to spread either locally or via market sales.
Implications of the involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in drug-induced apoptosis. (2008)

Apoptosis occurs by distinct pathways that involve the cell surface, mitochondria or the endoplasmic reticulum. Previous studies had shown that deoxyadenosine-resistant L1210 cells (Y8) proceeded to apoptosis under conditions in which the parental L1210 cell line (WT) did not undergo an apoptotic response. Combinations of drugs, acting at different molecular targets, markedly potentiated the apoptotic response in the Y8 cells without inducing apoptosis in the WT cells. In the present study, induction of apoptosis by parthenolide and BAY 11-7085, drugs that targeted nuclear factor kappa B activation, was blocked by the presence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). On the other hand, the levels of apoptosis induced by parthenolide or BAY 11-7085 were increased by pre-treatment of the cells with glutathione lowering L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO). Western blot analyses showed that the levels of the stress proteins, Grp 78 and Gadd 153 were reduced in the parthenolide-treated Y8 cells, but not in those co-treated with NAC. Protection of the cells from apoptosis induced by parthenolide or BAY 11-7085 by NAC was relatively specific as the induction of apoptosis in the Y8 cells by MG-132, flavopiridol, Gemcitabine or PRIMA-1 was not decreased by NAC. These data suggest that multiple pathways, one of which is ER-stress induced, may ultimately be involved and interactive in the induction of apoptosis in specific cell lines.
The Multiple-Choice Nested Knapsack Model (1982)

A specially-structured integer programming model, called the multiple-choice nested knapsack model, is developed in this paper. The model is characterized by variables which are partitioned into multiple-choice sets and resource constraints which are nested across the multiple-choice sets. The application of the model in the areas of merchandise catalog planning and sales resource allocation is described. An algorithm for the model is presented and the results of the computational testing of the algorithm are provided.
Involvement of estrogen-related receptors in transcriptional response to hypoxia and growth of solid tumors (2008)

The development of intratumoral hypoxia is a universal hallmark of rapidly growing solid tumors. Adaptation to the hypoxic environment, which is critical for tumor cell survival and growth, is mediated primarily through a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent transcriptional program. HIF activates genes that facilitate crucial adaptive mechanisms including increased glucose uptake and glycolysis and tumor angiogenesis, making it an important therapeutic target. However, the HIF-dependent transcriptional mechanism remains incompletely understood, and targeting HIF is a difficult endeavor. Here, we show that the orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) physically interact with HIF and stimulate HIF-induced transcription. Importantly, ERRs appear to be essential for HIF's function. Transcriptional activation of hypoxic genes in cells cultured under hypoxia is largely blocked by suppression of ERRs through expression of a dominant negative form of ERR or treatment with a pharmacological ERR inhibitor, diethylstilbestrol. Systematic administration of diethylstilbestrol severely diminished growth and angiogenesis of tumor xenografts in vivo. Because nuclear receptors are outstanding targets for drug discovery, the findings not only may offer mechanistic insights into HIF-mediated transcription but also may open new avenues for targeting the HIF pathway for cancer therapy.
Lithium neurotoxicity (1979)

The peripheral and central neurotoxic effects of lithium carbonate are illustrated by 4 case histories. Lithium neurotoxicity is likely to be more common than the literature suggests. Neurological sequelae may be irreversible and may be associated with therapeutic serum levels. Prevention may be facilitated by more stringent case selection, EEG and clinical monitoring and the development of improved methods of drug level assessment.
A computational exploration of the efficacy of Fibonacci Sequences in Technical analysis and trading (2006)

Among the vast assemblage of technical analysis tools, the ones based on Fibonacci recurrences in asset prices are relatively more scientific. In this paper, we review some of the popular technical analysis methodologies based on Fibonacci sequences and also advance a theoretical rationale as to why security prices may be seen to follow such sequences. We also analyse market data for an indicative empirical validation of the efficacy or otherwise of such sequences in predicting critical security price retracements that may be useful in constructing automated trading systems. c ○ 2006 Peking University Press
Experimental Determination of Adhesive-Cohesive Bond Strength (ACBS) and Adhesion-Cohesion Modulus (ACM) of Mudcakes (2002)

Abstract A unique test procedure and a novel test facility have been developed for experimental determination of the adhesive-cohesive bond strength (ACBS) and the adhesion-cohesion modulus (ACM) of mudcakes formed by different mud systems. The test set up consists of a Wykeham Farrance stepless compression machine to embed a cylindrical foot up to a particular depth of the mudcake matrix and then to apply a pulling force to unstuck the cylindrical foot from the mudcake matrix, a digital dial gauge to register the depth of embedment and upward displacement during loading and unstucking process, an electronic balance to register the driving/pulling force during embedment and pulling stages of the test as a function of displacement, a lab jack to elevate the mudcake to a desired height and a PC-based automatic data acquisition system to record the data and monitor the test. Experimental results indicate significant variations in ACBS and ACM of mudcakes for an identical depth of embedment depending on the composition of the mudcakes. The magnitude of the pulling force and the shape of the force-versus decrease in embedded area curve are influenced by adhesive and cohesive bonding potential of the mudcake material and the nature of the adhesive and cohesive bonds. The presence of electrolyte significantly influences the metal to mudcake and mineral to mineral bonding. The hydrated ionic diameter of the cations also has some effect on the adhesion and cohesion properties of mudcakes. The presence of barite within the mudcake matrix causes a significant increase in ACBS and ACM of the mudcakes probably due to the filler and mass adhesion effects of barite particles along with the molecular forces of interactions. The effect of three fluid loss additives such as modified starch, CMC and PAC on the ACBS properties of NaCl-Bentonite mudcakes has also been investigated. The presence of CMC and modified starch in NaCl-bentonite muds has little effect in the ACBS and ACM of NaCl-bentonite mudcakes. However, the presence of PAC in NaCl-bentonite mudcake causes some increase in ACBS but a significant reduction in ACM. The results of the test could provide useful information regarding bonding potential of different mudcakes to drill pipes, reamers, stabilisers and drill bits and also drill cuttings in case of cuttings bed formation in directional and horizontal wellbores. The test method can be used for mechanical screening of drilling mud additives and the results can be used in designing drilling muds to produce desirable mudcake quality.
The effect of artemisinin combined with standard antimalarials against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. (1987)

The activity of artemisinin (qinghaosu) in combination with some commonly-used antimalarial drugs was tested in vitro against a chloroquine-sensitive (NF54) and a chloroquine-resistant (K1) strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Both mefloquine and tetracycline showed marked potentiative synergism with artemisinin against both strains, whilst primaquine showed potentiation against K1. Combinations of artemisinin with pyrimethamine and with chloroquine were antagonistic. The results confirm observations on rodent malaria in vivo and indicate that the drug interactions seen were direct, through actions on the parasite, and not merely effects on drug distribution and metabolism in the mouse host.
Antigenotoxic properties of Terminalia arjuna bark extracts. (1999)

Compounds possessing antimutagenic properties (polyphenols, tannins, vitamins, etc.) have been identified in fruits, vegetables, spices, and medicinal plants. Terminalia arjuna (Combretaceae), a tropical woody tree occurring throughout India and known locally as Kumbuk, is a medicinal plant rich in tannins and triterpenes that is used extensively in Ayurvedic medicine as a cardiac tonic. The aim of the present collaborative work was to test six solvent extracts from the bark of Terminalia arjuna for antigenotoxic activity using in vitro short-term tests. Terminalia arjuna extracts were obtained by sequential extraction using acetone, methanol, methanol + HCl, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethyl ether. The antigenotoxic properties of these extracts were investigated by assessing the inhibition of genotoxicity of the directacting mutagen 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4NQO) using the "comet" assay and the micronucleus (MN) test. Human peripheral blood leukocytes were incubated with different concentrations of the six extracts (from 5 to 100 microg/ mL) and with 4NQO (1 and 2 microg/mL, for the "comet" assay and MN test, respectively). Each extract/4NQO combination was tested twice; in each experiment, positive control (4NQO alone) and negative control (1% DMSO) were set. "Comet" assay results showed that acetone and methanol extracts were highly effective in reducing the DNA damage caused by 4NQO, whereas the acidic methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethyl ether extracts showed less marked or no antigenotoxic activity. In the MN test, a decrease in 4NQO genotoxicity was observed by testing this mutagen in the presence of acetone, methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts, even though the extent of inhibition was not always statistically significant.
Ionomeric interpretation of thickening of polyesters by alkaline earth metal oxides (1985)

Abstract Four resins of poly(propylene glycol adipate) were mixed with different amounts of MgO and their viscosities were measured after a month. The viscosities increased by several thousand but the increase was less for resins containing more water. The existing explanations of the thickening behavior, namely the polymerization and the coordinate complex formation theories, were found to be inadequate in accounting for the observations. Small‐angle x‐ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the thickened resins revealed formation of aggregates of magnesium ions, much like those observed in other ionomers. It is postulated that domain formation is the cause of observed thickening. A correlation between the viscosity of thickened resins and the amount of metal oxide reacted, the water content, and other properties of resin was obtained.
Synthesis of Compliant Multistable Mechanisms Through Use of a Single Bistable Mechanism (2011)

A compliant multistable mechanism is capable of steadily staying at multiple distinct positions without power input. Many applications including switches, valves, relays, positioners, and reconfigurable robots may benefit from multistability. In this paper, two new approaches for synthesizing compliant multistable mechanisms are proposed, which enable designers to achieve multistability through the use of a single bistable mechanism. The synthesis approaches are described and illustrated by several design examples. Compound use of both approaches is also discussed. The design potential of the synthesis approaches is demonstrated by the successful operation of several instantiations of designs that exhibit three, four, five, and nine stable equilibrium positions, respectively. The equations for determining the actuation force required to move a multistable mechanism are provided. The synthesis approaches enable us to design a compliant mechanism with a desired number of stable positions.
Defective TCR-mediated signaling in anergic T cells (1995)

Extrathymic T cell tolerance to Ags can be achieved through clonal deletion by activation-induced programmed cell death as well as by functional unresponsiveness (anergy) of Ag reactive-T cells. Previous studies demonstrated that in vivo administration of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) induces SEB-specific T cell anergy. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of T cell anergy, we analyzed the TCR-mediated signal transduction in normal and anergic T cells. Anergic T cells exhibited impaired protein tyrosine phosphorylation on TCR-mediated stimulation. The altered tyrosine phosphorylation in anergic T cells may be caused by a defect in tyrosine phosphorylation of TCR zeta-chain and its subsequent association with ZAP-70 tyrosine kinase. Our data demonstrated that TCR zeta-chain phosphorylation and its sequential interaction with ZAP-70 are essential for the initiation of TCR-mediated signal transduction.
Global Exposure and Global Perceptions: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Students in China, Japan, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, and the USA (2015)

This study compares the global perceptions and exposure of students who have come to age in the era of global communication, across ideologically and economically different nations: China, Japan, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, and the USA. To examine the type and level of their global exposure and the impact of type and level of global exposure on perceptions of global communication, 21 global exposure items and 31 global communication impact items were used to comprise scales for a survey, which was administered to 1360 college students in six countries. The results show significant differences by country in all five types of Global Exposure: Intercultural Curiosity, International Internet, Global Engagement, International Travel, and International Immersion. The results also reveal significant relationships between level and type of Global Exposure and perceptions of threat, prosperity, and justice. Threat perceptions appear to be fueled by higher international internet use, lower overall intercultural curiosity, and less travel experience. With the exception of students from Saudi Arabia, respondents perceive that global communication promotes prosperity. Students from China and the USA are highly optimistic about the impact of global communication on issues of world justice.
Physico-mechanical properties of elastomers based on natural rubber filled with silica and clay (2010)

The elastomers based on natural rubber (NR) and silica and clay fillers have been investigated for its physico-mechanical properties. The various mixes were compounded in a Banbury-Pullen laboratory mill and vulcanized using the efficient vulcanization system. The Oscillating Disc Rheometer (ODR) was used for determination of cure characteristics. It was estimated that replacement of silica with clay up to 30 phr (50% replacement) increased the compound cure rate with a reduction in absolute torque level (Tmax) of the natural rubber mix. Scorch time (Ts2) was observed to be highest at 30/30 filler ratio. Hardness and tensile properties of obtained elastomeric materials were studied. Results show a decrease in parameters as the replacement of silica with natural clay progresses. There was an improvement in elongation at break with increasing the clay content. The replacing of silica filler with clay reduced the abrasion properties (mg. loss/1000 rev.).