gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stability of Sevoflurane in Soda Lime (1987)

Stability of halogenated volatile anesthetic is important because of the potential toxicity associated with the breakdown products. The authors enclosed 100 ml of gas containing sevoflurane with 100 g of soda lime in a 581-ml flask for periods up to 24 h. The rate of degradation of sevoflurane by soda lime was several-fold greater than previously reported, and the degradation was temperature-dependent. At 22 degrees C, soda lime degraded 6.5% of the sevoflurane per hour. The rate increased by 1.6% per hour per degree rise in temperature, reaching 57.4% degradation per hour at 54 degrees C. In contrast, isoflurane was not degraded by soda lime. Halothane did not degrade at 22 degrees C or 37 degrees C, but did degrade (2.2% per hour) at 54 degrees C.
Generating Aptamers for Recognition of Virus-Infected Cells (2009)

The success of developing a panel of DNA-aptamer probes capable of recognizing virus-infected cells via a whole living cell-SELEX selection strategy may increase our understanding of the molecular signatures of infected cells. Our findings suggest that aptamers can be developed as molecular probes for use as diagnostic and therapeutic reagents and for facilitating drug delivery against infected cells.
Alpha-Fetoprotein and Albumin Uptake by Mouse Tissues during Development (1989)

We have studied the evolution of the incorporation of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and albumin by mouse tissues from fetal to adult life. Mice were injected with 125I-labelled AFP or albumin and, 3 h later, blood and organs were removed and analyzed for their radioactive protein content. Results showed that all immature tissues examined took up both AFP and albumin from blood. AFP uptake was higher during fetal and early postnatal life and decreased with age. In general, the relative uptake of albumin was lower than that of AFP, and the time-course incorporation of both proteins was parallel in brain, liver and kidney. In other tissues such as white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue and skin. AFP uptake decreased while albumin uptake remained almost constant or increased with age. In the fetal period, the strong AFP uptake in white adipose tissue contrasted with the much lower albumin incorporation by this tissue. Autoradiographs from sections of organs and entire animals confirmed the cytoplasmic localization of AFP and albumin. We conclude that AFP and albumin found in developing tissues, except for fetal liver and yolk sac, proceed mostly from blood uptake. These results agree with recent experimental data suggesting that the major physiological role of AFP is the transport and delivery of polyunsaturated fatty acids to developing tissues.
A behavioral view of Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation (2006)

The classical Nevanlinna-Pick (NP) interpolation problem is about finding a rational function that satisfies given interpolation conditions, along with a norm condition. In this paper we address the NP problem using concepts from behavioral systems theory and quadratic differential forms (QDFs). The NP problem is solved using a certain "dualization of data". We address system theoretic motivations for this dualization and the advantages gained in this process. Finally, we address the problem of constructing interpolating functions that satisfy a "frequency dependent" norm condition.
098 Differential effects of hypertrophy secondary to hypertension and aortic stenosis on coronary haemodynamics (2010)

It is known that subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) have adverse cardiovascular outcomes and abnormal coronary haemodynamics. LVH is common to aortic stenosis (AS) and arterial hypertension (HT) but the pattern of abnormal coronary flow may be different in these two conditions. The aim of this study was to quantify the coronary haemodynamics present in each of these conditions and determine the relative contribution of LVH, haemodynamic loading and diastolic time. Thirty-one patients (mean age 63±12 years, 18 female) with unobstructed coronary arteries, (10 with LVH and severe AS, 11 with LVH secondary to HT and no AS (LVH-HT), 10 with no LVH and no AS) underwent simultaneous pressure and Doppler velocity measurements with sensor-tipped intra-arterial wires in each of the left coronary arteries to measure coronary pressure and flow and derive wave intensity. Despite the lower aortic pressure (93±18 mm Hg vs 115±15, p<0.01), subjects with AS had higher resting coronary flow (per gram of LVH) than patients with LVH-HT (3.24±1.20 ml/g vs 0.97±054 ml/g, p<0.001). AS subjects generated a significantly larger microcirculatory-originating suction wave than LVH-HT (31.1 (20.4–47.4)×10<sup>3</sup>Wm<sup>−2</sup>s<sup>−1</sup> vs 12.2 (8.4–17.5)×10<sup>3</sup>Wm<sup>−2 </sup>s<sup>−1</sup>, p<0.05). There was a negative correlation of LVH with the suction wave in subjects without AS (r=−0.49, p<0.03) but not in AS (r=−0.08, p=0.83). Instead, in AS the extent of the suction wave correlated with left ventricular cavity pressure (r=0.84, p<0.001) and diastolic time (r=−0.62, p<0.001). LVH accounts for the impaired coronary flow in HT but not in AS. The enhanced extravascular force in AS overwhelms any local impairment that might be caused by ventricular hypertrophy and accounts for the greatly increased resting coronary flow.
An efficient robust MPPT control for grid-connected photovoltaic systems with reduced DC link capacitance (2014)

This paper presents a novel robust maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control for a grid connected photovoltaic (PV) system with reduced DC link capacitance. The voltage source inverter (VSI) integrating the PV system to the grid introduces a double line frequency ripple or current variation into the PV system. This ripple or current variation results in oscillation of operating point around the MPP, introducing an extra power loss from the extracted panel power. In order to reduce this ripple content, large electrolytic capacitors are used as power decoupling units in grid connected PV systems. However, these electrolytic capacitors are bulky and less reliable affecting the reliability of the entire PV system. These electrolytic capacitors can be replaced by highly reliable thin film capacitors, if the energy storage requirement could be reduced. So, a novel DC-DC converter control is proposed to reduce the PV ripple variation along with MPPT control under reduced DC link capacitance. The method proposed is implemented and verified in MATLAB/Simulink software under varying sun conditions. The results obtained from the proposed control clearly show the increase in power extracted from the PV system under reduced DC link capacitance making the system more reliable and economical.
Synthesis of amide derivatives of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin as potential antiarrhythmic agents. I. (1987)

5,5-Diphenylhydantoin derivatives containing amide groups at the position 3 were synthesized as potential antiarrhythmic agents. The most valuable was (X) whose antiarrhythmic activity is stronger than that of phenytoin.
De novo DNA methyltransferase is essential for self-renewal, but not for differentiation, in hematopoietic stem cells (2007)

DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification essential for development. The DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b execute de novo DNA methylation in gastrulating embryos and differentiating germline cells. It has been assumed that these enzymes generally play a role in regulating cell differentiation. To test this hypothesis, we examined the role of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b in adult stem cells. CD34(-/low), c-Kit(+), Sca-1(+), lineage marker(-) (CD34(-) KSL) cells, a fraction of mouse bone marrow cells highly enriched in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), expressed both Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b. Using retroviral Cre gene transduction, we conditionally disrupted Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, or both Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b (Dnmt3a/Dnmt3b) in CD34(-) KSL cells purified from mice in which the functional domains of these genes are flanked by two loxP sites. We found that Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b function as de novo DNA methyltransferases during differentiation of hematopoietic cells. Unexpectedly, in vitro colony assays and in vivo transplantation assays showed that both myeloid and lymphoid lineage differentiation potentials were maintained in Dnmt3a-, Dnmt3b-, and Dnmt3a/Dnmt3b-deficient HSCs. However, Dnmt3a/Dnmt3b-deficient HSCs, but not Dnmt3a- or Dnmt3b-deficient HSCs, were incapable of long-term reconstitution in transplantation assays. These findings establish a critical role for DNA methylation by Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b in HSC self-renewal.
Darbepoetin alfa for treating anemia in patients with low-risk myelodysplastic syndromes: Exploratory analysis of baseline predictors of response (2006)

6579 Background: Patients (pts) with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) often develop anemia, resulting in fatigue and increased transfusions. The erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) epoetin alfa and darbepoetin alfa (DA) can raise hemoglobin (Hb) levels in low-risk MDS pts. Baseline (BL) endogenous erythropoietin (eEPO) levels, transfusion history, and FAB sub-type can be predictive factors of response to ESAs (Hellström-Lindberg et al., 2003). Methods: This is an ongoing, fully enrolled (n = 209), phase 2, single-arm, 52-week (wk) study of DA 500 mcg every three weeks (Q3W) for treating anemia (Hb ≤ 11 g/dL) in low- or intermediate-risk MDS pts. A planned interim analysis was done after 13 wks (n = 189). The primary endpoint is the proportion of pts with an erythroid response by 13 wks. Other endpoints include change in Hb levels and in FACT-F score from BL. Results are stratified by whether pts received an ESA before enrollment: ESA-naïve (ESA-N) pts vs ESA-treated (ESA-T) pts. Exploratory analyses of the percentage of pts with an erythroid response adjusted by BL eEPO or FAB category were done. Results: Of 130 ESA-N pts, 52% were women, 86% were white, 58% had refractory anemia (RA), 34% had RA with ringed sideroblasts (RARS), 8% had RA with excess blasts (RAEB), and the mean (SD) age was 74.8 (10.1) years. The 59 ESA-T pts had similar demographics. A majority of ESA-N pts had an erythroid response, achieved a target Hb of 11 g/dL, and had a clinically significant rise in FACT-F score; ESA-N pts with lower BL eEPO levels were more likely to have a major erythroid response ( Table ). A major erythroid response was seen in 50% of pts with RA (n = 111), in 30% of pts with RARS (n = 64), and in 23% of pts with RAEB (n = 13). Of all 189 pts, 78% had an adverse event (AE), 1 had a serious treatment-related AE (hypertension), and none had thrombotic events. Conclusions: These interim results suggest that FAB sub-type and BL eEPO may affect response. Final 13-wk data from all enrolled pts (n = 209) will be shown. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
A new trench gate accumulation mode field effect emitter switched thyristor (2002)

A new trench gate Emitter Switched Thyristor (EST) structure using an ACCUmulation mode Field Effect Transistor (ACCUFET) is reported for the first time. In this new trench gate EST, the series MOSFET can be designed to have a higher channel density than the conventional trench EST due to the absence of the P/sup +/ base region resulting in forward voltage drops equal to thar of thyristors and MOS-controlled thyristors. Moreover, the integration of the ACCUFET into the thyristor structure completely eliminates the parasitic thyristor that is inherent in the conventional EST, higher maximum controllable current for ESTs. The on-state and turn-off characteristics of 600-V forward blocking trench ESTs obtained from two dimensional numerical simulations are described and compared with those of the trench IGBT and MCT. Numerical simulations with resistive loads indicate comparable turn-off times for the trench EST, when compared with IGBTs and MCTs.
Improved functional expression of recombinant human ether-a-go-go (hERG) K+ channels by cultivation at reduced temperature (2007)

Our results are consistent with the concept that maintenance of cells at reduced temperature can be used to boost the functional expression of difficult-to-express membrane proteins and improve the quality of assays for medium to high-throughput compound screening. In addition, these results shed some light on the trafficking of hERG protein under these growth conditions.
EFFECTS OF OESTRADIOL ON WATER UPTAKE AND α-AMINOISOBUTYRIC ACID ACCUMULATION BY UTERI OF HEPATECTOMIZED RATS (1963)

SUMMARY Adult Long Evans rats were ovariectomized and, one month later, were subjected to partial hepatectomy. Immature Long Evans rats were either partially hepatectomized in one step, or complete hepatectomy was accomplished by a two-stage operation which included ligation of the inferior vena cava followed by a partial evisceration. The response of these animals to injected oestradiol was compared with that of sham-operated controls by observing uptake of water by the uterus in vivo , and also by estimating the ability of surviving uterine fragments to accumulate radioactive α-amino-isobutyric acid in vitro . It was found that partial or complete hepatectomy did not abolish the response of the uterus to oestradiol. These results seem to exclude an essential role for the liver in the early response of a target organ to an oestrogenic hormone.
Experimental Expansion of the Regulatory T Cell Population Increases Resistance to African Trypanosomiasis (2008)

Inflammatory responses mounted to eliminate parasites can be lethal if not counterbalanced by regulatory responses protecting the host from collateral tissue damage. Here, we show that the maintained inflammation associated with tissue damage, anemia, and reduced survival of Trypanosoma brucei-infected mice correlates with the absence of the expansion of the regulatory T (T(reg)) cell population. Induction of T(reg) cell expansion via CD28 superagonist antibody treatment in these mice down-regulated interferon-gamma production by T cells and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and reactive oxygen species production by classically activated macrophages, triggered the development of alternatively activated macrophages, delayed the onset of liver injury, diminished the anemia burden, and prolonged the survival of infected animals. Thus, triggering the expansion of the T(reg) cell population coupled with the induction of alternatively activated macrophages can restore the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory signals and thereby limit the pathogenicity of African trypanosomiasis.
Indications for Cardiac Pacing (1971)

The indications for implantation of a long-term cardiac pacemaker consist of two major categories--the prevention of Stokes-Adams attacks and an inadequate cardiac output caused by a slow ventricular rate.
Phase-space computation of multi-arrival traveltimes, Part I: Theory and concepts (2012)

In complicated geologic environments with multipathing in traveltime fields, Kirchhoff migration can improve imaging results, if the integration is performed in the angle domain. Angle-domain migration operates on a traveltime table expressed as a function of image points and subsurface angles. For the necessary function to be computed, ray tracing can simply be performed from subsurface locations using different initial take-off angles. Unfortunately, the computational cost of such a bottom-up approach may be prohibitive. However, initial-value ray tracing can be reformulated as escape equations in phase space, which allow for a grid-based solution at a possibly lower cost. In this paper, we derive escape equations for general 2-D and 3-D anisotropic media, derive the reduced phase-space formulation of escape equations, introduce a stable upwind finite-difference discretization, and suggest the use of a hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian approach for a practical and accurate numerical solution.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELEKTIVE SYNTH. UND STEREOCHEMIE DES OPTISCH AKTIVEN METHYLTHIOPHOSPHINSAEURE‐O‐ISOPROPYLESTERS (1970)

Abstract Bei Behandlung des (R)‐(‐)‐Phosphinats (I) mit P 4 S 10 entsteht das stereochemisch stabile (S)‐(‐)‐Thiophosphinat (II) in etwa 68%iger optischer Reinheit unter Retention der Konfiguration.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Heteroaryl Benzoic Acids via Suzuki Reaction. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: EINE SYNTH. FUER CIS‐JASMON (VII) (1972)

Abstract 2,3‐Pentandion (I) liefert bei der Bestrahlung quantitativ das 2‐Hydroxy‐2‐me=‐ thyl‐cyclobutanon (II), das mit Äthylvinyläther die diastereomeren Acetale (III) ergibt.
The hyperbolic volume of knots from quantum dilogarithm (1996)

The invariant of a link in three-sphere, associated with the cyclic quantum dilogarithm, depends on a natural number $N$. By the analysis of particular examples it is argued that for a hyperbolic knot (link) the absolute value of this invariant grows exponentially at large $N$, the hyperbolic volume of the knot (link) complement being the growth rate.
High-Speed Coupling-Modulated Lasers (2010)

We propose and demonstrate laser modulation at rates greatly exceeding the relaxation resonance frequency by modulating the output coupler. An erbium fiber laser is modulated at over 10000 times its relaxation resonance frequency.
Development and Evaluation of a System of Preparing Patient Education Sheets in Cancer Chemotherapy (2012)

An orientation is given to patients who are scheduled for chemotherapy in our ambulatory center by nurses, pharmacists and social workers. The pharmacists provide them with the necessary information on chemotherapy using a patient education sheet for each regimen. Each education sheet was prepared by a commercial spreadsheet program (Microsoft® Excel 2003), so considerable time was required to update the sheets for many regimens. In this study, we developed and evaluated a new system of preparing patient education sheets using a commercial database (Microsoft® Office Access 2003). The preparation time for a fixed form of patient education sheet for pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil®) therapy was significantly shortened by implementing the new system from 61.2±26.4 min to 19.0±3.7 min (p<0.05). The preparation time for each patient education sheet using a fixed form was also significantly shortened from 17.1±7.0 min to 3.8±2.3 min (p<0.0001). This system is very useful in ensuring the efficient preparation of patient education sheets for various chemotherapy regimens.
Complexity of residue position-coded lookup table array processors (1987)

Residue position-coded lookup table processing is reviewed. Position-coded modulo m lookup tables with gate complexities equal to m(2), 2m, 4 radicalm, and factored m(2) are discussed. The complexity of a 2-D array processor is analytically calculated and a comparison made for all four types of lookup table. A preliminary analysis is presented that compares the complexities of the residue processor with that of its electronic digital counterpart.
3D Building Reconstruction by Map Based Generation and Evaluation of Hypotheses (2001)

This paper presents a knowledge-based approach for automatic 3D reconstruction of buildings from aerial images. By combining the image analysis with information from GIS maps and specific knowledge of the buildings the complexity of the building reconstruction task can be greatly reduced. The building reconstruction process is described as a tree search in the space of possible building hypotheses. Hypotheses derived from outlines of building footprints from the map are fit against image pixel gradients. To guide the search of the tree an evaluation function based on information theory principles is defined. The proposed evaluation function defines the score of matching between a hypothesised building model and the image pixel gradients. It uses a mutual information measure and MDL criterion to select the best fit to image data in the tree search.
On the Consistent Scaling of Terms in the Sea-Ice Dynamics Equation (2004)

The standard way in which the sea-ice dynamics equation is used in models assumes that the wind stress and ocean drag do not depend on the sea-ice concentration. It is demonstrated that this assumption is inconsistent with the free-drift limit, and how great an effect it has in practice is examined. By examining the momentum balance in the free-drift limit, the authors determine the proper area scaling for the forcing terms, thereby obtaining a more accurate solution, particularly in low-ice-concentration regions.
Splitting of close N-Al donor-acceptor-pair spectra in 3C-SiC (2010)

Discrete series of lines have been observed for many years in N‐Al DAP (Donor Acceptor Pair) spectra in 3C‐SiC. Unfortunately, up to now, there has been no quantitative analysis for the splitting of lines in a given shell. This is done in this work for N‐Al DAP spectra in 3C‐SiC. The samples were non‐intentionally doped 3C‐SiC layers grown by CVD on a VLS seeding layer grown on a 6H‐SiC substrate. From low temperature photoluminescence measurements, strong N‐Al DAP emission bands were observed and, on the high energy side of the zero‐phonon line, we could resolve a series of discrete lines coming from close pairs. Comparing with literature data, we show that the splitting energy for a given shell is constant and, to explain this shell substructure, we consider the non equivalent sets of sites for a given shell. Results are discussed in terms of the ion‐ion interaction containing third and forth multipole terms.
Combined Inhibitor Free‐Energy Landscape and Structural Analysis Reports on the Mannosidase Conformational Coordinate (2013)

Mannosidases catalyze the hydrolysis of a diverse range of polysaccharides and glycoconjugates, and the various sequence-based mannosidase families have evolved ingenious strategies to overcome the stereoelectronic challenges of mannoside chemistry. Using a combination of computational chemistry, inhibitor design and synthesis, and X-ray crystallography of inhibitor/enzyme complexes, it is demonstrated that mannoimidazole-type inhibitors are energetically poised to report faithfully on mannosidase transition-state conformation, and provide direct evidence for the conformational itinerary used by diverse mannosidases, including β-mannanases from families GH26 and GH113. Isofagomine-type inhibitors are poor mimics of transition-state conformation, owing to the high energy barriers that must be crossed to attain mechanistically relevant conformations, however, these sugar-shaped heterocycles allow the acquisition of ternary complexes that span the active site, thus providing valuable insight into active-site residues involved in substrate recognition.
Collisional relaxation of electronically excited Pb; 6<i>p</i>2 (3<i>P</i>2) and (3<i>P</i>1) (1974)

Time resolved measurements have been made of the room temperature decay of excited electronic states of Pb. The excited atoms were produced by photodecomposition of tetramethyl lead and the concentrations of the excited states were monitored by atomic resonance absorption. Quenching rate constants of the spin orbit states 3P2 and 3P1 were obtained for the collision partners Ar, Xe, H2, D2, N2, and O2. These results are discussed in terms of curve crossings, curve merging, chemical reaction, and E→V energy transfer processes. Comparison is made with the quenching rate constants for these states reported by Husain and Littler.
A Nonplatinum Combination in Metastatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma (2005)

The combination of paclitaxel and gemcitabine given in an every 2-week regimen is very well tolerated and has significant activity in previously treated patients with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma. The combination of paclitaxel and gemcitabine appears to be effective for patients with good-risk disease who are unable to take cisplatin-based chemotherapy.