gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE RELATIVE SIGNS OF PROTON-FLUORINE COUPLING CONSTANTS IN ETHYL FLUORIDE (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE RELATIVE SIGNS OF PROTON-FLUORINE COUPLING CONSTANTS IN ETHYL FLUORIDES. L. Stafford and J. D. BaldeschwielerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 21, 4473–4474Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01482a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01482a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Computerized tomographic determination of spinal bone mineral content (1980)

The aims of the study were three-fold: to determine the magnitude of vertebral cancellous mineral loss in normal subjects during bedrest, to compare this loss with calcium balance and mineral loss in peripheral bones, and to use the vertebral measurements as an evaluative criterion for the C12MDP treatment and compare it with other methods. The methods used are described and the results from 14 subjects are presented.
Molecular Patchwork: Chromosomal Recombination between Two <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Strains during Natural Colonization (2003)

Genetic analysis of two Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from a single gastric biopsy showed evidence of extensive horizontal gene transfer. Several large recombinations were identified in the rdxA gene, which is involved in metronidazole resistance.
The novel Rho-GTPase activating gene <i>MEGAP</i> / <i>srGAP3</i> has a putative role in severe mental retardation (2002)

In the last few years, several genes involved in X-specific mental retardation (MR) have been identified by using genetic analysis. Although it is likely that additional genes responsible for idiopathic MR are also localized on the autosomes, cloning and characterization of such genes have been elusive so far. Here, we report the isolation of a previously uncharacterized gene, MEGAP, which is disrupted and functionally inactivated by a translocation breakpoint in a patient who shares some characteristic clinical features, such as hypotonia and severe MR, with the 3p(-) syndrome. By fluorescence in situ hybridization and loss of heterozygosity analysis, we demonstrated that this gene resides on chromosome 3p25 and is deleted in 3p(-) patients that present MR. MEGAP/srGAP3 mRNA is predominantly and highly expressed in fetal and adult brain, specifically in the neurons of the hippocampus and cortex, structures known to play a pivotal role in higher cognitive function, learning, and memory. We describe several MEGAP/srGAP3 transcript isoforms and show that MEGAP/srGAP3a and -b represent functional GTPase-activating proteins (GAP) by an in vitro GAP assay. MEGAP/srGAP3 has recently been shown to be part of the Slit-Robo pathway regulating neuronal migration and axonal branching, highlighting the important role of MEGAP/srGAP3 in mental development. We propose that haploinsufficiency of MEGAP/srGAP3 leads to the abnormal development of neuronal structures that are important for normal cognitive function.
A Prospective Randomized Comparison of Coralline Hydroxyapatite With Autograft in Cervical Interbody Fusion (2003)

ProOsteon 200 does not possess adequate structural integrity to resist axial loading and maintain disc height or segmental lordosis during cervical interbody fusion.
Effect of Adaptive Threshold Filtering on Ultrasonic Nakagami Parameter to Detect Variation in Scatterer Concentration (2010)

The Nakagami parameter is associated with the Nakagami distribution estimated from ultrasonic backscattered signals and closely reflects the scatterer concentrations in tissues. There is an interest in exploring the possibility of enhancing the ability of the Nakagami parameter to characterize tissues. In this paper, we explore the effect of adaptive thresholdfiltering based on the noise-assisted empirical mode decomposition of the ultrasonic backscattered signals on the Nakagami parameter as a function of scatterer concentration for improving the Nakagami parameter performance. We carried out phantom experiments using 5 MHz focused and nonfocused transducers. Before filtering, the dynamic ranges of the Nakagami parameter, estimated using focused and nonfocused transducers between the scatterer concentrations of 2 and 32 scatterers/mm3, were 0.44 and 0.1, respectively. After filtering, the dynamic ranges of the Nakagami parameter, using the focused and nonfocused transducers, were 0.71 and 0.79, respectively. The experimental results showed that the adaptive threshold filter makes the Nakagami parameter measured by a focused transducer more sensitive to the variation in the scatterer concentration. The proposed method also endows the Nakagami parameter measured by a nonfocused transducer with the ability to differentiate various scatterer concentrations. However, the Nakagami parameters estimated by focused and nonfocused transducers after adaptive threshold filtering have different physical meanings: the former represents the statistics of signals backscattered from unresolvable scatterers while the latter is associated with stronger resolvable scatterers or local inhomogeneity due to scatterer aggregation.
Sensitivity of Red Maple Cultivars to Acute and Chronic Exposures of Ozone (1996)

Five red maple (Acer rubrum) cultivars, 'Autumn Flame', 'Fairview Flame', 'Franksred' (Red Sunset™), 'Northfire' and 'October Glory', and 1 Freeman maple cultivar (Acer°° freemanii 'Autumn Blaze', an interspecific cross between red maple and silver maple) were exposed to 0,100, 200, or 300 ppb ozone for 4 hours on 2 consecutive days. Visible foliar injury, characterized as a stipple on the upper leaf surface, was observed in all ozone treatments except the control, and occurred on the oldest leaves only. 'Autumn Flame' had the least visible injury (less than 1% of the leaves injured), while 'Northfire' had the most (4% of the leaves injured). In a chronic ozone exposure experiment, 3 red maple cultivars ('Autumn Flame', 'Fairview Flame', and 'October Glory'), and 1 Freeman maple cultivar ('Autumn Blaze') were exposed to sub-ambient, ambient, or twice-ambient ozone levels for 9 weeks. No visible foliar injury developed in any of the ozone treatments. No differences for plants in the 3 ozone treatments occurred for height, caliper, leaf, shoot, or root dry weight. Photosynthesis was lower for sub-ambient plants and similar for twice-ambient and ambient plants 4 weeks after treatment initiation, while at 8 weeks no differences occurred. These data indicate that red maple cultivars are relatively tolerant to elevated acute and chronic ozone exposures.
Synthesis of Glycosyl-1-phosphates via Dehydrative Glycosylation (2000)

Direct synthetic access to glycosyl-1-phosphates is accomplished with the dehydrative coupling of carbohydrate hemiacetals and dialkyl\nphosphates, employing dibenzothiophene-5-oxide and triflic anhydride. The procedure offers a new and versatile method for efficient preparation\nof a host of glycosyl-1-phosphates of variable structure with good control over anomeric selectivity.
Automata and graph compression (2015)

We present a theoretical framework for the compression of automata, which are widely used representations in speech processing, natural language processing and many other tasks. As a corollary, our framework further covers graph compression. We introduce a probabilistic process of graph and automata generation that is similar to stationary ergodic processes and that covers real-world phenomena. We also introduce a universal compression scheme LZA for this probabilistic model and show that LZA significantly outperforms other compression techniques such as gzip and the UNIX compress command for several synthetic and real data sets.
Intensified Chemotherapy with Stem Cell Support for Solid Tumors in Adults: 30 Years of Investigations Can Provide Some Clear Answers? (2012)

Intensified Chemotherapy with Stem Cell Support for Solid Tumors in Adults: 30 Years of Investigations Can Provide Some Clear Answers?
Input Design for Identification in Connected Systems (2010)

Input design is of essential importance in system identification to provide sufficient probing capabilities to guarantee the convergence of parameter estimators to their true values; namely, the estimators are consistent. Input conditions for consistent estimation depend on sensor characteristics, system configurations, noise locations and distributions, and identification algorithms. The previous chapters consider only the basic formulation in which the input u k can be directly designed. This chapter covers input design in more general system configurations.
A Comparison of Two Effective Chiral Auxiliaries - (2R)-bornane-10,2-sultam and (2R)-bornane-10,2-cyclohydrazide - using the [4+2] Cycloaddition of Cyclopentadiene to their N,N'-fumaroyl derivatives (2000)

A correlation between the solvent polarity and the logarithm of the diastereoisomer ratio (dr) was found for the uncatalyzed [4+2] cycloaddition of cyclopentadiene to N,N'-fumaroyldi[(2R)-bornane-10,2-(2'phenyl-pyrazol-3'-one)]. Using the Abboud-Abraham-Kamlet-Taft parameters, predictive values for this method, allowed an optimum diastereoisomeric excess (de) of 94% in CHCl3. Implications for the stereochemical course of the reaction as well as a comparison with the (2R)-bornane-10,2-sultam analogous auxiliary are discussed.
Effect of Partial Resistance on Phytophthora Stem Rot Incidence and Yield of Soybean in Ohio (2003)

Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean commonly causes losses in both stand and yield in Ohio. Environmental conditions which favor the pathogen typically occur in many areas of the state during late spring and summer. This study examined the performance of 12 soybean cultivars with partial resistance, with or without Rps genes, to different populations of Phytophthora sojae and various levels of disease pressure. The soybean cultivars were evaluated in seven field environments with and without metalaxyl over 4 years. There was a highly significant genotype-environment interaction which was due in part to variable disease pressure. The incidence of Phytophthora stem rot in subplots ranged from 0 to 10 plants in the most susceptible cultivar, Sloan, while significantly less stem rot developed in cultivars with high levels of partial resistance or partial resistance combined with an Rps gene in three of the seven environments. Metalaxyl applied in-furrow had a significant effect on early and final plant populations as well as yield (P < 0.001) in two of the seven environments, and for yield (P = 0.05) in one environment. This indicates that at these two environments, 2001 Lakeview and VanBuren, early season Phytophthora disease was controlled with the in-furrow fungicide treatment. When diverse populations of P. sojae were present, yields from soybean cultivars with high levels of partial resistance were significantly higher than those with low levels of partial resistance. Soybean cultivars with specific resistance genes Rps1k, Rps1k + Rps6, or Rps1k +Rps3a had higher yields than plants with only partial resistance in environments where race determination indicated that the populations of P. sojae present were not capable of causing disease on plants with the Rps1k gene. However, in an environment with very low disease pressure, yields of soybean cultivars with partial resistance were not significantly different from those with single Rps genes or Rps gene combinations. These results demonstrate that genetic traits associated with high levels of partial resistance do not have a negative effect on yield. Soybean cultivars that had the most consistent ranking across environments were those with moderate levels of partial resistance in combination with either Rps1k or Rps3a.
Coupled Effects of Polybrene and Calf Serum on the Efficiency of Retroviral Transduction and the Stability of Retroviral Vectors (1997)

The relative concentrations of Polybrene (PB) and calf serum (CS) in retroviral supernatant have considerable effects on the efficiency of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer and the stability of retroviral vectors. The effect of PB on the efficiency of transduction of Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMuLV)-derived vectors is strongly dependent on CS. At a fixed CS concentration, the efficiency of transduction shows a maximum as a function of PB concentration. Increasing the CS concentration shifted this maximum to higher PB concentrations, but the value of the maximum remained the same. Therefore, there were optimal combinations of PB and CS concentrations that maximized the efficiency of gene transfer: 4.4, 8.8, 13.2, and 22 micrograms/ml of PB for 1%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% (vol/vol) CS, respectively. Moreover, the presence of PB affected significantly the kinetics of retroviral decay. The loss of retroviral activity did not follow simple exponential decay in the absence of PB during the decay period of the viral supernatant. The dynamics of viral inactivation showed an initial phase during which the transduction efficiency remained constant followed by exponential decay. However, in the presence of high PB concentrations (13.2 micrograms/ml) during the decay period of retroviral vectors, the initial delay was lost and the decay was exponential right from the outset. The present results suggest that in addition to virus-cell interactions that occur on the target cell surface, other physico-chemical processes may occur in solution that have profound effect on retroviral activity and therefore they are of particular importance for gene therapy.
A Fluorescent sp<sup>2</sup>‐Iminosugar With Pharmacological Chaperone Activity for Gaucher Disease: Synthesis and Intracellular Distribution Studies (2010)

Gaucher disease (GD) is the most prevalent lysosomal-storage disorder, it is caused by mutations of acid β-glucosidase (β-glucocerebrosidase; β-Glu). Recently, we found that bicyclic nojirimycin (NJ) derivatives of the sp(2)-iminosugar type, including the 6-thio-N'-octyl-(5N,6S)-octyliminomethylidene derivative (6S-NOI-NJ), behaved as very selective competitive inhibitors of the lysosomal β-Glu and exhibited remarkable chaperone activities for several GD mutations. To obtain information about the cellular uptake pathway and intracellular distribution of this family of chaperones, we have synthesized a fluorescent analogue that maintains the fused piperidine-thiazolidine bicyclic skeleton and incorporates a dansyl group in the N'-substituent, namely 6-thio-(5N,6S)-[4-(N'-dansylamino)butyliminomethylidene]nojirimycin (6S-NDI-NJ). This structural modification does not significantly modify the biological activity of the glycomimetic as a chemical chaperone. Our study showed that 6S-NDI-NJ is mainly located in lysosome-related organelles in both normal and GD fibroblasts, and the fluorescent intensity of 6S-NDI-NJ in the lysosome is related to the β-Glu concentration level. 6S-NDI-NJ also can enter cultured neuronal cells and act as a chaperone. Competitive inhibition studies of 6S-NDI-NJ uptake in fibroblasts showed that high concentrations of D-glucose have no effect on chaperone internalization, suggesting that it enters the cells through glucose-transporter-independent mechanisms.
Experiences applying framework-based functional verification to a design for programmable logic (2011)

This paper presents experiences in applying modern functional verification to a configurable decimal floating point Adder / Subtractor core targeted to programmable logic. Despite its huge input space, a number of hard-to-verify corner cases are identified. Two different verification frameworks were applied in order to develop testbenches: OVM and Truss. These tesbenches were built to be independent of the ALU operand representation and IEEE754-2008 specific modules were also implemented. Verification results, the experience itself, and a comparative study of the alternatives was made and summarized for designers and verification engineers.
Beam shaping applications in laser via drilling for microelectronics packaging (2001)

Within the last five years, laser drilling of microvia holes in high-density electronic packages has been widely adopted for high-volume production. In such micromachining applications, process stability and throughput are key drivers of commercial success. Particularly in the UV, where solid-state laser power is growing rapidly but is still limited, innovations that permit the available laser power to be applied at the work surface more efficiently are of interest. Within the last three years, the use of beam shapers to create round laser spots with near-uniform irradiance at the work surface has been demonstrated. Shaping the irradiance profile has been shown to both increase process speed and improve the quality of the drilled holes, which range in diameter between 20 and 150 µm. This paper gives a brief overview of laser via drilling and presents the Gaussian-to-flattop beam shaping optics used in UV laser via drills, along with the process results obtained.
Multi-AGV Scheduling for FMS with One-way Driving Lane. Solving a Scheduling Problem by Use of GA. (1996)

In order to efficiently operate an FMS (flexible automation system) with AGVs, it becomes important to construct a good schedule for AGV driving. This paper presents a method for solving an AGV driving scheduling problem. The FMS model treated has a one-way AGV driving lane. Under this condition, passing and collision among the AGVs are not allowed in the lane except when the AGV remains in machine shop buffer area. The problem is NP-complete and it cannot usually be solved by mathematical programing. A simple genetic algorithm (GA) and simulation method are employed to solve this problem. A GA can obtain a practical solution for discrete and continuous mathematical programing with rapid convergence. Its solutions are not guaranteed to be an optimum ones but they are sufficient in practice as feasible solutions. In the use of GA, formulation of a fitness function occupies an important role. However, behavior of AGVs is not well formulated, and therefore AGV driving simulation is adopted in order to estimate the fitness function. By use of simulation, it becomes unnecessary to formulate the restriction on AGV passing and collision because AGV behavior is taken consideration in simulation rules. The proposed method can deal with a large size of AGV scheduling (5∼30) and numerical experiments show that the proposed method provides solutions sufficient for practical use.
Sequences regulating poly(A) site selection within the adenovirus major late transcription unit influence the interaction of constitutive processing factors with the pre-mRNA (1996)

The adenovirus major late transcription unit (MLTU) encodes five families of mRNAs, L1 to L5, each distinguished by a unique poly(A) site. Use of the promoter-proximal L1 poly(A) site predominates during early infection, whereas poly(A) site choice shifts to the promoter-distal sites during late infection. A mini-MLTU containing only the L1 and L3 poly(A) sites has been shown to reproduce this processing switch. In vivo analysis has revealed that sequences extending 5' and 3' of the L1 core poly(A) site are required for efficient processing as well as for regulated expression. By replacement of the L1 core poly(A) site with that of the ground squirrel hepatitis virus poly(A) site, we now demonstrate that the L1 flanking sequences can enhance the processing of a heterologous poly(A). Upon recombination of the chimeric L1-ground squirrel hepatitis virus poly(A) site onto the viral chromosome, the L1 flanking sequences were also found to be sufficient to reproduce the processing switch during the course of viral infection. Subsequent in vitro analysis has shown that the L1 flanking sequences function to enhance the stability of binding of cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor to the core poly(A) site. The impact of L1 flanking sequences on the binding of cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor suggests that the regulation of the MLTU poly(A) site selection is mediated by the interaction of constitutive processing factors.
Role of Survivin in cytokinesis revealed by a separation-of-function allele (2011)

The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), containing Aurora B kinase, Inner Centromere Protein, Survivin, and Borealin, regulates chromosome condensation and interaction between kinetochores and microtubules at metaphase, then relocalizes to midzone microtubules at anaphase and regulates central spindle organization and cytokinesis. However, the precise role(s) played by the CPC in anaphase have been obscured by its prior functions in metaphase. Here we identify a missense allele of Drosophila Survivin that allows CPC localization and function during metaphase but not cytokinesis. Analysis of mutant cells showed that Survivin is essential to target the CPC and the mitotic kinesin-like protein 1 orthologue Pavarotti (Pav) to the central spindle and equatorial cell cortex during anaphase in both larval neuroblasts and spermatocytes. Survivin also enabled localization of Polo kinase and Rho at the equatorial cortex in spermatocytes, critical for contractile ring assembly. In neuroblasts, in contrast, Survivin function was not required for localization of Rho, Polo, or Myosin II to a broad equatorial cortical band but was required for Myosin II to transition to a compact, fully constricted ring. Analysis of this "separation-of-function" allele demonstrates the direct role of Survivin and the CPC in cytokinesis and highlights striking differences in regulation of cytokinesis in different cell systems.
Transport of <sup>14</sup>C‐deferiprone in normal, thalassaemic and sickle red blood cells (1999)

The transport of deferiprone (L1) in normal (N), sickle (S) and thalassaemic (T) red blood cells (RBC) was determined by incubation with 14C-L1 at 37 degrees C. Following incubation with 0.5 mM 14C-L1 for 4 h, the intracellular concentration of L1 in T RBC was 3 times higher than was found extracellularly. In contrast, no concentration gradient across N and S RBC membranes was detected. Efflux studies showed that T RBC released only 17 +/- 2% of 14C-L1 into the extracellular space. We hypothesize that L1 accumulation in T RBC results from their high content of chelatable iron and formation of large, hydrophilic L1-Fe(III) complexes trapped within the cytosol.