gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delayed Symptom Development in <i>ein2-1</i>, an <i>Arabidopsis</i> Ethylene-Insensitive Mutant, in Response to Bacterial Wilt Caused by <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> (2002)

ABSTRACT Wilt disease caused by the phytopathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum is poorly understood at the molecular level. The possible roles of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene, compounds commonly associated with the plant response to pathogens, in wilt symptom development were investigated using various Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in a Col-0 background, an ecotype that develops wilt symptoms in response to the virulent GMI1000 strain. Following root inoculation, wilt symptoms were delayed in ein2-1, an ethylene-insensitive mutant, in response to several virulent strains of the pathogen. In ein2-1, bacteria invade the plant and multiply, reaching concentrations slightly lower than those detected in susceptible plants but 1 to 2 logs higher than in Nd-1, an A. thaliana ecotype resistant to strain GMI1000. This delay in disease symptom development of ein2-1 plants suggests that ethylene signaling plays a critical role in wilt disease development. Furthermore, a strong accumulation of transcripts corresponding to PR-3 and PR-4, two ethylene-responsive genes, was observed in susceptible Col-0 plants, but not in ein2-1 and Nd-1 plants, providing additional evidence for a role of ethylene in wilt symptom production. However, this hormone is probably not involved in the establishment of resistance to R. solanacearum, because homozygous ein2-1 plants in a resistant background remain fully resistant to strain GMI1000.
Interest rate swaps: risk and regulation (1987)

Interest rates; Swaps (Finance)
Tunable megawatt soliton pulse generation covering the optimum wavelength window for tissue penetration (2013)

We demonstrate 1600-1820 nm tunable MW soliton generation using a solid-core photonic crystal rod pumped by a compact fiber source, and its application to in vivo deep penetration three-photon microscopy in mouse brain.
Biochemical and immunological characterization of three binding sites on human plasma fibronectin with different affinities for heparin (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiochemical and immunological characterization of three binding sites on human plasma fibronectin with different affinities for heparinLeslie I. Gold, Blas Frangione, and Edward PearlsteinCite this: Biochemistry 1983, 22, 17, 4113–4119Publication Date (Print):August 16, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 16 August 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00286a019https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00286a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A collagen-based coil for embolization of saccular aneurysms in a New Zealand White rabbit model. (2003)

Collagen-based coils show a marked cellular response in animal-model aneurysms, with resultant high rates of progressive occlusion after embolization. Dense matrix deposition is commonly seen with collagen-based coils. This contrasts with low rates of progressive thrombosis and high rates of loose matrix deposition seen with platinum coils.
Mg(II)-BINOLate Salt Catalyzed Asymmetric Mannich-Type Reaction (2010)

Previously, this group has successfully applied chiral Li(I)-BINOLate salts as effective acid-base catalyst into the direct Mannich-type reaction with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 56.) However, less reactive malonates cannot be used due to their weak acidity and high chelation ability. In this paper, the authors described an easily prepared Mg(II)-BINOLate catalyzed enantioselective direct Mannich-type reaction with malonates. β-Amino esters and α-halo-β-amino ester type products were obtained in high yields and enantioselectivities.
<i>N</i>-HYDROXYARYLAMINES (2002)

Aryl and heterocyclic amines are of particular interest because of their carcinogenicity. The N-hydroxy derivatives are formed by oxidation, usually by the cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes and most often by P450 family 1. The mechanism of oxidation appears to resemble that of other P450 reactions. The N-hydroxy products can be conjugated to yield esters, which are unstable and form nitrenium ions. Reaction with DNA is most common at the N2 atom and particularly at the C8 atom of guanine. A mechanism involving initial formation of an N7-guanyl adduct can be utilized in explaining the C 8-guanyl adducts plus several other side reactions. The high mutagenicity of N-hydroxy heterocyclic amines in bacterial systems has provided a useful tool for the development of models useful for screening and chemoprevention and for the generation of P450 enzymes with altered properties.
Colcemid‐treatment of heifer oocytes enhances nuclear transfer embryonic development, establishment of pregnancy and development to term (2009)

Four experiments were designed to examine the effects of colcemid, a microtubule assembly inhibitor, on the development of bovine nuclear transfer (NT) embryos in vitro and in vivo. Recipient oocytes matured at different times were exposed to colcemid. Approximately 80-93% of the exposed oocytes, with or without the first polar body (PB1), developed obvious membrane projections. In Experiment 1, oocytes matured for either 14-15 or 16-17 hr, treated with colcemid and used as recipient cytoplasm for NT resulted in over 40% blastocyst development. In Experiment 2, oocytes matured for 16-17 hr were treated with either 0.2 or 0.4 microg/ml colcemid for 2-3 or 5-6 hr, respectively. The percentages of blastocyst development (39-42%) were not statistically different among the different colcemid treatment groups, but were both higher (P < 0.05) than the control group (30%). Colcemid concentrations and length of colcemid treatment of oocytes did not affect their ability to support NT embryo development to the blastocyst and hatched blastocyst stages. Results from Experiment 3 indicate that semi-defined medium increases morula and blastocyst development of NT embryos derived from colcemid-treated oocytes under 5% CO2 in air atmosphere. In addition, cell numbers of blastocysts in colcemid-treated groups were numerically higher than the control groups. After embryo transfer, higher (P < 0.05) pregnant rates were obtained from the colcemid-treated group than the nontreated group. Five of 40 recipients (12.5%) which received embryos from colcemid-treated oocytes delivered healthy calves, significantly higher than those recipients (3.3%) that received embryos derived from nontreated oocytes.
The chemistry of cyano-acetylenes. Part VIII. Claisen, amino-Claisen, and thio-Claisen rearrangements in the reactions of cyano-acetylenes with allyl alcohol, prop-2-ynol, allyl amines, and prop-2-enethiol (1971)

The Claisen rearrangement was observed in the reaction of (diethylamino) propiolonitrile with allyl alcohol in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate at room temperature. No amino-Claisen rearrangement occurred in the reactions of propiolonitrile, chloropropiolonitrile, or (diethylamino) propiolonitrile with allylamine or diallylamine.The thio-Claisen rearrangement occurred in the reactions of chloropropiolonitrile and (diethylamino)propiolonitrile with prop-2-enethiol at room temperature. Some mechanisms are discussed.
Integrated modelling of medical emergency response process for improved coordination and decision support (2016)

The medical emergency response comprises a domain with complex processes, encompassing multiple heterogeneous entities, from organisations involved in the response to human actors to key information sources. Due to the heterogeneity of the entities and the complexity of the domain, it is important to fully understand the individual processes in which the components are involved and their inter-operations, before attempting to design any technological tool for coordination and decision support. This work starts with the gluing together and visualisation of the interactions of involved entities into a conceptual model, along the identified five workspaces of emergency response. The modelling visualises the domain processes, in a way that reveals the necessary communication and coordination points, the required data sources and data flows, as well as the required decision support needs. Work continues with the identification and modelling of the event-driven discrete-time-based dynamics of the emergency response processes and their compositions, using Petri nets as the modelling technique. Subsequently, an integrated model of the process is presented, which facilitates the parallelisation of the tasks undertaken in an emergency incident.
Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate-Dependent Protein Kinase and Granulosa Cell Responsiveness to Gonadotropins* (1984)

The mechanisms by which estradiol enhances the actions of FSH (and cAMP), including the induction of LH receptors in rat ovarian granulosa cells, remain unclear. These studies were conducted to determine the extent to which changes in the activity, content, or intracellular distribution of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase might be altered in granulosa cells as a consequence of estradiol, FSH, and hCG administration in vivo. Dose-dependent stimulation of protein kinase activity (measured by histone phosphorylation in the presence of [gamma 32P]ATP and cAMP) demonstrated that the EC50 for cAMP was consistently 20 X 10(-8) M in cytosols prepared from granulosa cells of hypophysectomized rats before and after treatment with estradiol alone or estradiol and FSH. However, estradiol alone caused a 1.5 to 2.0-fold increase in the total amount of enzyme activity. When the cytosol content of the catalytic subunit (C) was quantitated directly, using immunoblotting procedures, the amount of C was 40 pmol/mg protein in all tissues, regardless of hormone treatments in vivo. When the content of RII, the regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase, was measured by similar immunoblotting procedures, a 10-fold increase was observed in granulosa cells exposed to both estradiol and FSH compared to that in cells exposed to estradiol alone. Greater than 80% of the intracellular content of both C and RII was present in the cytosol fraction (30,000 X g supernatant) rather than in the particulate nuclear fraction (30,000 X g pellet) of granulosa cells. This distribution of subunits was not altered by rapidly elevating intracellular concentrations of cAMP in vivo with 10 IU hCG, iv. We conclude that the catalytic subunit of protein kinase is a constitutive component of granulosa cells and that the sensitivity of the enzyme for cAMP is not affected by hormones or by a 10-fold increase in RII. Thus, the ability of estradiol to enhance FSH and cAMP action in granulosa cells appears to come primarily from the induction of specific substrates for the enzyme and a small increase in the catalytic activity but not from a change in the content of the catalytic subunit.
Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of prostate cancer: A review of current methods and applications (2017)

In many areas of oncology, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has proven to be a clinically useful, non-invasive functional imaging technique to quantify tumor vasculature and tumor perfusion characteristics. Tumor angiogenesis is an essential process for tumor growth, proliferation, and metastasis. Malignant lesions demonstrate rapid extravasation of contrast from the intravascular space to the capillary bed due to leaky capillaries associated with tumor neovascularity. DCE-MRI has the potential to provide information regarding blood flow, areas of hypoperfusion, and variations in endothelial permeability and microvessel density to aid treatment selection, enable frequent monitoring during treatment and assess response to targeted therapy following treatment. This review will discuss the current status of DCE-MRI in cancer imaging, with a focus on its use in imaging prostate malignancies as well as weaknesses that limit its widespread clinical use. The latest techniques for quantification of DCE-MRI parameters will be reviewed and compared.
Effect of timepidium bromide, an anticholinergic agent, on gastric and duodenal blood flow distribution in rabbits. (1982)

Effects of timepidium bromide (TB; anticholinergic agent), acetylcholine (ACh) and neostigmine (Neost) on gastric and duodenal blood flow distribution were studied by the use of 131I-labeled macroaggregated human serum albumin (MAA) in rabbits. In normal rabbits, gastric blood flow was found to be uneven in various regions of the stomach: anterior corpus (50% of total gastric blood flow) greater than posterior corpus (40%) greater than pyloric antrum (7%). Intravenous administration of TB (200 microgram/kg) to normal rabbits produced a slight increase in total gastric blood flow, but the increase in the mucosal layer of the pyloric antrum was considerable. On the other hand, ACh (10 microgram/kg, i.v.) and Neost (50 microgram/kg. i.v.) significantly reduced the total gastric blood flow, in particular, the mucosal blood flow in the anterior and posterior corpus. This reduction in blood flow was virtually abolished by TB and was restored to the normal level. These results suggest that these cholinergic or anticholinergic drugs affect the gastric blood flow and that these effects may be mediated through muscarinic receptors. Blood flow in the duodenum was only slightly changed by these drugs.
Early sport specialisation, does it lead to long-term problems? (2012)

Sports participation is increasing in the USA (US population 313 million inhabitants) and in Icelandic (population 320 thousand inhabitants) adolescents, it is estimated that 35–45 million youth 6–18 years of age participate in some form of organised or recreational athletics.1 ,2 However, sports specialisation including year-round sport-specific training, participation on multiple teams of the same sport and focused participation in a single sport is purported to be increasing in frequency in preadolescent children across the world. There are several factors that contribute to the desire of young athletes to specialise in a single sport including the pursuit of scholarships or professional contracts, being labelled as talented by parents or coaches, retailing industry and media reports.3 A 2006 New York Times article notes “A growing number of coaches, parents, and children believe that the best way to produce superior young athletes is to have them play only one sport from an early age, and to play it virtually year-round.”4 Despite this increase in global sports participation, physical fitness levels of children and adults are declining and more people around the globe are becoming obese and physically inactive.1 The efforts to specialise youth sports underlie the effects of reduced general opportunity for all children to participate …
Intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography through the ear artery for experimental aneurysm imaging. (2006)

Digital subtraction angiography through the central artery of the ear was performed to show elastase-induced aneurysms in 34 rabbits. Twenty-eight (82%) aneurysms in which common origins of the bilateral common carotid artery (CCA) were found were well shown. All 6 other aneurysms not well shown had separate origins of the CCAs from the aortic arch (P < .001). This method can be used for angiographic follow-up when there is a common origin of the CCAs.
High Performance Solid Electrolyte NO<sub>2</sub> Sensor Using Auxiliary Phase of Nitrite-Carbonate Mixture (1993)

1993Accepted Apri112
Long-distance interactive expert advice in highly treatment-experienced HIV-infected patients (2007)

<sec><st>Objectives</st> To determine the feasibility and outcomes of long-distance interactive expert advice for treatment-experienced patients. </sec> <sec><st>Methods</st> HIV-1-infected patients on failing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were prospectively submitted for consultation by treating physicians to an expert panel using a standard e-mail form including: resistance tests, antiretroviral history, adherence, CD4 counts, HIV-1-RNA levels and HCV/HBV co-infection. Conference calls (CCs) were scheduled monthly to discuss 10 new patients. </sec> <sec><st>Results</st> One hundred and fifteen patients were discussed (86% male; 45% intravenous drug users). The median length of HIV infection was 10 years and subjects were treated for a median of 8 years with a median of 5.25 previous HAART regimens. Ninety per cent were triple-class experienced [nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)/non-NRTIs (NNRTIs)/protease inhibitors (PIs)]. Median CD4 cell count was 298 cells/mm3 and median viral load was 19 700 copies/mL. Overall, 60% had ≥5 reverse transcriptase mutations and 67% had ≥5 protease mutations, and most patients were NNRTI-resistant. Drugs more frequently recommended by experts were: lamivudine/emtricitabine > tenofovir > abacavir > zidovudine > didanosine > stavudine (NRTIs) and tipranavir > lopinavir > atazanavir > saquinavir (PIs). Enfuvirtide was recommended in 65% of cases. Concordance between recommended and prescribed regimens was 74.7%. Virtually all discordances were due to patient refusal of complex regimens. Outcomes at 24 weeks: HIV-1-RNA <50 copies/mL in 42% of patients, HIV-1-RNA <400 copies/mL in 59.4% of patients and median CD4 increase was 77 (14–140) cells/mm3. </sec> <sec><st>Conclusions</st> Long-distance interactive expert advice is feasible for complex treatment-experienced HIV patients using e-mail and CCs. Adherence to treatment recommendations is high, with encouraging viro-immunological outcomes at 24 weeks. This strategy merits further investigation, especially in clinical settings where availability of local experts is limited. </sec>
Cross-Band Interference Reduction Trade-Offs in SISO and MISO OFDM-Based Cognitive Radios (2012)

Cognitive radio is a promising approach for efficient utilization of radio spectrum. Due to its high spectral efficiency and flexibility, OFDM is considered as a good signaling scheme for cognitive radios. In this paper, we investigate the problem of cross-band interference minimization in OFDM-based cognitive systems. Cross-band interference is mainly caused by high OFDM sidelobes. In the first part of our work, we propose a framework to study the trade-off between two recently proposed techniques, adaptive symbol transition which is performed in the time domain, and active interference cancellation which is performed in the frequency domain. We use the trade-off study results to maximize the useful data rate for a desired level of interference. Simulation results show that the best trade-off depends on the configuration of spectral opportunities. In the second part, a new method for interference reduction in multiple-antenna cognitive systems is developed. We show that with knowledge of the channel, the secondary transmitted sequences can be jointly optimized over multiple antennas such that the interference at the primary receiver location is better minimized. Computer simulations demonstrate an improvement of almost 10 dB compared to separate-antenna optimization.
Towards a universal neural network encoder for time series (2018)

We study the use of a time series encoder to learn representations that are useful on data set types with which it has not been trained on. The encoder is formed of a convolutional neural network whose temporal output is summarized by a convolutional attention mechanism. This way, we obtain a compact, fixed-length representation from longer, variable-length time series. We evaluate the performance of the proposed approach on a well-known time series classification benchmark, considering full adaptation, partial adaptation, and no adaptation of the encoder to the new data type. Results show that such strategies are competitive with the state-of-the-art, often outperforming conceptually-matching approaches. Besides accuracy scores, the facility of adaptation and the efficiency of pre-trained encoders make them an appealing option for the processing of scarcely- or non-labeled time series.
New fat products: Glyceride esters of adipic acid (1959)

Summary Six new glyceride esters of adipic acid were prepared, and their properties were determined. By the
ChemInform Abstract: CALCIUMNITRATTETRAHYDRAT ALS RK.‐MEDIUM, NITRIERUNG VON BENZOL (1970)

Abstract In geschmolzenem Calciurnnitrat erfolgt eine Nitrierung von Benzol.
A Quantized Stochastic Modeling Approach for Fault Diagnosis of Lithium-ion Batteries (2015)

Safety and reliability are still key concerns for the Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery systems in spite of their current popularity as energy storage solutions for transportation and other applications. To improve the overall reliability of the Li-ion batteries, the Battery Management Systems (BMS) should have the capabilities to detect different types of faults. Some of these faults can lead to catastrophic scenarios if they are not diagnosed early. In this paper, a stochastic approach of quantized systems is proposed for fault detection in Li-ion batteries. The scheme uses a quantized stochastic model derived from the equivalent circuit model of the battery to predict the most probable future states/outputs from the measured inputs and quantized outputs. Fault detection is achieved via comparison of the expected event and the actual event. To illustrate the effectiveness of the approach, the model parameters for commercial Li-ion battery cell have been extracted from experiments, and then faults are injected in simulation studies.
Observations of Satellite-Related Ionization Effects between 1958 and 1960 (1962)

Three independent sets of observations over a two-year period (1958-1960) involving the satellites 57021 and 58042 are described which show a marked correlation between satellite passes and ionospheric-ionization effects. The effects tend to peak at the time of near approach of the satellite or somewhat before with most of the effects occurring in the interval of 20 minutes before to 10 minutes after the satellite's passage. Other observations of some short-range effects are described which indicate a dependence of the effects on the satellite's heading as a function of the local time and on its position with respect to the observing location.
Quaternary Liquid−Liquid Equilibrium of Water + Acetic Acid + Propionic Acid + Solvent (Amyl Alcohol, Cyclohexyl Acetate, or Toluene) Systems (2004)

Liquid−liquid equilibrium data of water + acetic acid + propionic acid + solvent (amyl alcohol, cyclohexyl acetate, and toluene) quaternary systems were determined. Solubility curves and tie lines were measured at 298.15 K. A comparison of the extracting capabilities of the solvents was made with respect to distribution coefficients, separation factors, and solvent-free selectivity bases. The reliability of the data was ascertained from Othmer−Tobias plots. We conclude that all solvents are suitable separating agents for dilute aqueous acetic and propionic acid mixtures.