gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stability of Liquid Streams (2010)

It is intended herein to present the current status of the fundamental understanding about the liquid-atomization processes for various injection configurations. The limitations of the theory and the need for future work will be made apparent. This chapter is not intended to be a guide for the practicing engineer; the current state of the art is based on empirical approaches that are discussed in Chapter 1. Rather, this chapter reviews theoretical research that should eventually lead to improved design methodology and design tools for liquid-atomization systems. Other overviews of the theory can be found in Lefebvre (1989), Bayvel and Orzechowski (1993), Sirignano and Mehring (2000, 2005), and Lin (2003).
Perceptual learning depends on perceptual constancy (2008)

Perceptual learning refers to experience-induced improvements in the pick-up of information. Perceptual constancy describes the fact that, despite variable sensory input, perceptual representations typically correspond to stable properties of objects. Here, we show evidence of a strong link between perceptual learning and perceptual constancy: Perceptual learning depends on constancy-based perceptual representations. Perceptual learning may involve changes in early sensory analyzers, but such changes may in general be constrained by categorical distinctions among the high-level perceptual representations to which they contribute. Using established relations of perceptual constancy and sensory inputs, we tested the ability to discover regularities in tasks that dissociated perceptual and sensory invariants. We found that human subjects could learn to classify based on a perceptual invariant that depended on an underlying sensory invariant but could not learn the identical sensory invariant when it did not correlate with a perceptual invariant. These results suggest that constancy-based representations, known to be important for thought and action, also guide learning and plasticity.
Non-Stationary Multi-Channel (Multi-Stream) Processing Towards Robust and Adaptive ASR (1999)

In this paper, we discuss the rationale behind multi-channel processing as applied to multi-stream automatic speech recognition (ASR). In this framework, we will develop different mathematical models and discuss some interesting relationships with psycho-acoustic evidence. In the case of multi-channel processing, it is assumed that the speech signal is processed by different &quot;experts&quot;, each expert focusing on a different characteristic of the signal, and that the different channels 1 are combined at some (temporal) stage to yield a global recognition output. Although we believe that the discussion below is valid for numerous multi-channel problems (e.g., audio and visual streams, in the case of audio-visual ASR), the present paper will mainly discuss the possible combination strategies (with application to multi-band ASR) and their relationships with different mathematical models. Finally, we will show that the proposed approaches could provide us with a new paradigm for noise robu...
Vascular (humoral) rejection in human cardiac allograft biopsies: relation to circulating anti-HLA antibodies. (1992)

Vascular or humoral rejection (as defined by linear deposits of immunoglobulin and complement in myocardial capillaries) and the presence of circulating lymphocytotoxic anti-HLA antibodies are each associated with reduced long-term graft or patient survival. The relationship between these two factors has not been determined. We used immunofluorescent techniques to study 46 cardiac biopsy specimens in 16 patients from 15 to 412 days after transplantation. Biopsy specimens were selected from the first 2 months, and at approximately 6 and 12 months after transplantation and did not include episodes of acute cellular rejection. Each specimen studied was compared to a serum sample drawn an average of 1.8 days (range, 0 to 9 days) from the time of biopsy to assay for circulating anti-HLA antibodies. Of the specimens obtained at or near a positive anti-HLA antibody test, 90% (27 of 30) were found to have linear deposits of immunoglobulin (not necessarily with complement) versus 75% (12 of 16) of specimens obtained at the time of a negative test. Twenty-one cases of vascular rejection were documented. Both immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G were deposited along with complement in 13 instances; immunoglobulin M and complement were deposited in eight cases; no case had only immunoglobulin G and complement. The presence of circulating anti-HLA antibody in the serum was associated with 14 of the 21 cases of vascular rejection. Linear deposits of immunoglobulin in the capillaries of myocardium were frequently observed when anti-HLA antibodies were present in the serum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
It's tough to be small: dependence of burrowing kinematics on body size (2010)

Burrowing marine infauna are morphologically diverse and range in size over several orders of magnitude. Whilst effects of ontogenetic and morphological differences on running, flying and swimming are relatively well understood, similar analyses of burrowing mechanics and kinematics are lacking. The polychaete Nereis virens Sars extends its burrow by fracture, using an eversible pharynx to exert force on the walls of the burrow. The resulting stress is amplified at the anterior tip of the burrow, which extends when the stress exceeds the fracture toughness of the material. Here we show that the polychaete Cirriformia moorei extends its burrow by a similar mechanism, but by using its hydrostatic skeleton rather than an eversible pharynx. Based on the dimensionless wedge number, which relates work of fracture to work to maintain body shape against the elasticity of sediment, we predicted that smaller worms would exhibit behaviors characteristic of tougher sediments and that scaling of kinematics would reflect decreasing difficulty in fracturing sediment with increasing body size. We found that smaller worms were relatively blunter and thicker, and had a greater variation of thickness than larger worms as they burrowed. Although these kinematic differences increase the stress amplification at the crack tip, smaller worms still generate lower stress intensity factors. The greater relative body thickness and shape changes of smaller worms are consistent with ontogenetic changes in forces exerted by earthworms, and are likely driven by the challenge of exerting enough stress to extend a crack with a small body size.
<i>In vitro</i> osteoblast response to ferritic stainless steel fiber networks for magneto‐active layers on implants (2012)

The use of a porous coating on prosthetic components to encourage bone ingrowth is an important way of improving uncemented implant fixation. Enhanced fixation may be achieved by the use of porous magneto-active layers on the surface of prosthetic implants, which would deform elastically on application of a magnetic field, generating internal stresses within the in-growing bone. This approach requires a ferromagnetic material able to support osteoblast attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. In this study, the human osteoblast responses to ferromagnetic 444 stainless steel networks were considered alongside those to nonmagnetic 316L (medical grade) stainless steel networks. While both networks had similar porosities, 444 networks were made from coarser fibers, resulting in larger inter-fiber spaces. The networks were analyzed for cell morphology, distribution, proliferation, and differentiation, extracellular matrix production and the formation of mineralized nodules. Cell culture was performed in both the presence of osteogenic supplements, to encourage cell differentiation, and in their absence. It was found that fiber size affected osteoblast morphology, cytoskeleton organization and proliferation at the early stages of culture. The larger inter-fiber spaces in the 444 networks resulted in better spatial distribution of the extracellular matrix. The addition of osteogenic supplements enhanced cell differentiation and reduced cell proliferation thereby preventing the differences in proliferation observed in the absence of osteogenic supplements. The results demonstrated that 444 networks elicited favorable responses from human osteoblasts, and thus show potential for use as magnetically active porous coatings for advanced bone implant applications.
<sup>1</sup>H and <sup>17</sup>O relaxometric investigations of the binding of Mn(II) ion to human serum albumin (2001)

Abstract Mn(II) ion binds to human serum albumin (HSA) through one strong binding site ( K A = 7.9 × 10 3 M −1 ) and several weaker binding sites. Through competition assays it has been shown that the strong binding site lies in a region which has been previously identified as the Cd(II) Zn(II) site. The binding of Mn(II) to HSA is strongly pH dependent (p K a ≈ 6.7), consistent with the involvement of histidine residues in the coordination of the metal ion. The analysis of 1 H T 1 as function of magnetic field strength and of 17 O T 2 as function of temperature allowed us to determine the various parameters involved in the relaxation process of the paramagnetic Mn(II) HSA adduct. The Mn(II) ion bound to HSA maintains three or four coordinated water molecules whose residence lifetime is ca 20 ns at 298 K. Interestingly, a good fitting of the NMRD profile was possible only by assuming that the protons of the coordinated water molecules experience two motional regimes, i.e. a fast local motion (probably the rotation around their coordination axis) and the slower overall motion of the whole protein. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational quantification of metabolic fluxes from a single isotope snapshot: application to an animal biopsy (2010)

Non-profit organizations will, upon request, be granted a non-exclusive license to use the software for internal research and teaching purposes at no charge. A web interface for using the software on our computer grid is available under http://www.ibi.vu.nl/programs/
Some new 3-amino-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome new 3-amino-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxidesTimothy H. Cronin and Hans-Juergen HessCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1968, 11, 1, 136–138Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00307a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00307a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views150Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Involvement of Calcium in the Photoperiodic Flower Induction Process of <i>Pharbitis nil</i> (1989)

EGTA, a specific Ca(2+) chelator, inhibited the flowering response of Pharbitis nil when applied to the cotyledons immediately before the inductive dark period. Calcium sprayed 30 minutes after the EGTA blocked the effect of EGTA. The length of the critical dark period was increased both by EGTA and by LaCl(3). The calmodulin antagonists W-7 and chlorpromazine also reduced the flowering response. On the other hand, A23187, a calcium ionophore, increased the flowering response. Both EGTA and A23187 were effective at certain times of the photoperiod but had almost no effect when applied at other times. The results indicate that the level of endogenous Ca(2+) may be limiting for floral induction in Ph. nil. Ca(2+) seems to play a role during the early stages of the inductive dark period.
697 W 12 pm linewidth of fiber generated and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) at 1 µm (2011)

We report on a high power narrow linewidth ASE source at 1030 nm wavelength generated and amplified in a Yb-doped fiber based experimental setup. The presented ASE source is of high value for continuous-wave (cw) brightness enhancement techniques like spectral beam combination (SBC) or even beam combination of phase locked broadband light sources .
Vortex and dipole solitons in complex two-dimensional nonlinear lattices (2012)

Using computational methods, it is found that the two-dimensional nonlinear Schr\"odinger (NLS) equation with a quasicrystal lattice potential admits multiple dipole and vortex solitons. The linear and the nonlinear stability of these solitons is investigated using direct simulations of the NLS equation and its linearized equation. It is shown that certain multiple vortex structures on quasicrystal lattices can be linearly unstable but nonlinearly stable. These results have application to investigations of localized structures in nonlinear optics and Bose-Einstein condensates.
Unsteady Solid Propellant Pressure Combustion Response Using a Piston Burner (2003)

A small-scale solid-propellant laboratory burner has been designed to operate under piston-driven oscillating conditions from 40‐400 Hz and 300‐900 kPa mean pressure, with 10% amplitudes. The device was used to investigate the burning-rate response of a wide-distribution, bimodal AP (2:200 µm)-HTPB (IPDI) composite propellant (MURI TKC#5b). Results show that mean pressure and exit temperature decrease with increasing frequency because of increased heat transfer associated with oscillatory gas motion. Propellant burning rate is calculated numerically from pressure, volume, and frequency data using mass and energy balances. The dynamic burning rate response appears to be nearly linear at low frequencies (< <150 Hz) and increasingly nonlinear at higher frequencies because of an increasing combustion response magnitude with frequency and nearly constant relative pressure amplitude. In the range of frequencies determined to be most linear (40‐150 Hz), the magnitude of the pressure-coupled frequency response ranges from 2 to 7 ± 1, with burning rate lagging pressure by 50‐75 deg. The results demonstrate the potential for the piston burner to measure pressure frequency response at low frequencies and also to measure nonlinear dynamic burn rates over a range of frequencies at high spectral resolution within a single test. The results also demonstrate that nonlinear response can appear as spectral structure in the apparent linear response when the data are interpreted linearly.
Salvage chemotherapy of biweekly irinotecan plus S-1 (biweekly IRIS) in previously treated patients with advanced gastric cancer (2011)

Purpose
This phase II trial first describes the combination chemotherapy of biweekly irinotecan plus S-1 (biweekly IRIS) for pretreated advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients.
Enantioselective synthesis of monocyclic .BETA.-lactams related to nocardicins via (2+2) cycloaddition reaction. (1987)

Monocyclic β-lactams related to nocardicins were enantioselectively synthesized from phthal-imidoacetyl chloride and hexahydro-1, 3, 5-triazines (4) via a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. The preparation and biological activity of some typical acyl derivatives are also described.
ChemInform Abstract: FIVE‐MEMBERED HETEROCYCLIC THIONES PART 4, 1,2,4‐THIADIAZOLE‐3‐THIOLATES AND 1,2,4‐THIADIAZOLE‐5‐THIONE (1973)

Abstract Das Bromthiadiazol (I) wird mit Thioharnstoff zu dem Thion (II) (I R‐spektroskopischer Nachweis) sulfuriert, das als K‐Mercaptid (III) charakterisiert wird.
Plasma and Detonation Gun Ceramic and Cermet Coatings in Gas Turbine Engines (1982)

Plasma and detonation gun coatings of ceramic and cermet materials have achieved widespread application throughout gas turbine engines, and their use continues to grow. The coatings are used in increasingly demanding environments, thus successful utilization requires a thorough understanding of their structure/property relationships and close control of the parameters of deposition. The areas of application within the engine can be roughly separated into low and high temperature regimes. At low temperature, impact/fretting wear, erosion resistance, gas path seals, and various seals and bearings are of concern. Each area requires one or more coating types to satisfy the specific requirements of a given engine. The most common coating types include tungsten carbide-cobalt, alumina, chromium carbide-nickel chromium, a new family of cobalt-base alloys with alumina or chromia dispersions, and magnesium zirconate or stabilized zirconia. The characteristics of major significance of these coatings and their applications will be discussed.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid (FSA): from Hazardous Waste to Precious Resource in Obtaining High Value-Added Mesostructured Silica (2020)

In this work, industrial waste hexafluorosilicic acid (H2SiF6 or FSA) has been proven to be a low-cost alternative to silicate esters for the synthesis of high-quality MCM-41 (high surface area, high degree of order, narrow pore size distribution, high thermal stability) through a head-to-head comparison between the most common silica precursor, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), and FSA. The effect of different parameters such as temperature, time, hydrothermal treatment, and the presence of ethyl acetate has been explored by studying the textural, structural, and morphological features. On the most promising samples, thermal and hydrothermal stability has been assessed, indicating a higher thermal stability for the FSA-derived sample, due to the thicker walls, and comparable hydrothermal stability. The mother solution treatment has allowed the obtainment of nanostructured fluorite as an additional valuable product and a CTAB-rich ammonia solution for successive synthesis with FSA. Recovery processes for the templating agent entrapped in the MCM-41 mesostructure have also been explored for both FSA- and TEOS-derived samples, showing an easier removal in the case of FSA-MCM-41. Moreover, mesostructured silica derived from FSA has also been proven to be an ideal support to design efficient and regenerable mesostructured iron oxide-based sorbents for H2S removal from syngas, showing similar performance to that of the corresponding nanocomposite prepared from TEOS.
Cloning, Sequencing, and Expression of an Endoglucanase Gene from the Rumen Anaerobic Fungus<i>Neocallimastix frontalis</i>MCH3 (1998)

A cDNA clone encoding an endo-1,4-beta-glucanase from a rumen fungus, Neocallimastix frontalis MCH3, was isolated. The nucleotide sequence showed that the gene, celA, encoded a multidomain enzyme containing a family 5 catalytic domain and a reiterated sequence that is involved in the association of a multienzyme complex, the cellulosome. The enzyme expressed in Escherichia coli showed the highest activity against carboxymethylcellulose at 40 degrees C and pH 8.5.
Fabric evolution during hydromechanical loading of a compacted silt (2004)

Abstract A study was undertaken on a compacted silt to determine fabric modifications induced by suction and/or stress variations. The link between fabric and hydromechanical behaviour was also investigated. A suction‐controlled oedometer, using air overpressure, was developed for this purpose and mercury intrusion porosimetry was employed to determine sample fabric. The initial samples fabric was made of macro and micropores. It was shown that suction increase produced a strong decrease in the macroporosity associated with an increase in microporosity. However, some macropores were not significantly affected by the suction increase; this phenomenon might be related to the initial fabric of the samples. Second, it appears that loading under saturated conditions also produces strong fabric modification: the higher the applied stress, the lower the macroporosity. Soil fabric depends on the maximum stress experienced by the soil. Finally, some tests have shown the influence of suction, as well as the role of the degree of saturation, on the deformation process and the mechanical behaviour. The test results show that in the case of unsaturated mechanical loading, all macropores are not destroyed by the mechanical loading. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accurate determination of equilibrium state between two pressure balances using a pressure transducer (2005)

To determine an equilibrium state between two pressure balances accurately, the measurement method using a precise pressure transducer and two air-operated constant volume valves (CVV) is proposed in this paper. The advantages of the proposed method are as follows: (1) by the usage of two air-operated CVV, the pressure generated by the pressure balance can be connected and disconnected quickly to the transducer without volume change in the hydraulic circuit or heat transfer from the operator, (2) by managing the time intervals between measurements equally, the method proposed can compensate for the effect of the drift component in the successive values measured by the transducer used and (3) the short time stability of the pressure generated by each pressure balance used can be evaluated quantitatively at each pressure. From the measurement results, it was revealed that the equilibrium state could be determined accurately using the method proposed, and the differences between this method and the conventional fall-rate method were sufficiently small.