gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Social dimensions of economic development (1997)

This paper covers changes in social structure, changes pertaining to diversity of developing societies, political changes, and changes related to the integration or solidarity of societies. The author argues that non-economic variables are intrinsic to the structure of development problems that traditionally have been addressed with technical and economic tools alone. By revealing how economic subsystems work as parts of the larger, encompassing social system, the author emphasizes how the social science theories from sociology, economics, anthropology, etc. can be mutually reinforcing instruments, rather than mutually exclusive bodies of knowledge. The paper helps us understand how projects that recognize the connections between the ecological, cultural, and economic sub-systems of each society are able to achieve better results. Finally, the paper discusses issues in the application of social science knowledge to policy decision.
Adaptive search center non-linear three step search (2002)

This paper presents a new motion estimation algorithm using an adaptive search center predicted from its adjacent blocks, and a non-linear center biased search point pattern. It does not have the problem of being trapped by local minimum, and is characterized by finding the majority motion vector in one step. When compared with six other block-based search algorithms including the full-search and three-step-search, the new algorithm has an average PSNR very close to that of full-search, yet its average search time is faster than the three-step-search.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroformylation of Isoprene:  Unusual Accelerating Effects of Phosphorus Ligands and Gas Pressure (2007)

Rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of isoprene has been studied in the presence of various mono- and diphosphines. Using a large excess of the ligand, the reaction can be performed under mild conditions (80−100 °C, 40−80 atm) and results in three unsaturated aldehydes formed in a 95% combined selectivity. The study of the effects of the reaction variables revealed remarkable trends, opposite those usually observed with simple alkenes. The increase in the concentration of the phosphorus ligand and/or ligand basicity strongly accelerates the reaction. Moreover, the reaction shows unusual kinetics, being first order in both hydrogen and CO pressure under “common” hydroformylation conditions. The obtained data confirm that an η3−η1 rearrangement, which converts an η3-allylrhodium intermediate resistant to CO insertion into the much more reactive η1 complex, is the most critical step of this reaction.
Expression and signiflcance of liver X receptor-α in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats (2009)

Objective Preparing rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by fat-rich diet to observe the expression and the role of LXR-α in rat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods Thirty-six SD rats were randonmized into basic diet-control group and high-fat diet group. Each of the two groups was subdivided into 3 subgroups(4,8,12 weeks). Changes in animal weight, liver exponent and the level of TG and TC in serum and liver were observed dynamically. Meanwhile, the expression of hepatocyte LXR-α and SREBP-1c were assayed by Reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction at 4,8, 12 weeks. The level of steatosis was observed under light microscope after haematoxylon-eosin (HE)staening. Results Compared with control group, body weight, liver exponcnt,TG and Tc in serum and liver were increased dynamically in model groups. Compared with control group, the mRNA of LXR-α and SREBP-1c were obviously increased dynamically in model groups(P < 0.05). Conclusion The increase of LXR-α and SREBP-1c in liver may be eoneered with energy disorder and closely associated with the activity of inflammation and the severity of the liver damage in NAFLD rats. 

Key words: 
Fatty liver; Liver X receptor-α; Genes; Rats; Sprague dawley
A Novel Motion Estimate Method of Human Joint with EMG-Driven Model (2011)

Electromyography (EMG) has been widely used as control commands for prosthesis, powered exoskeletons and rehabilitative robots. In this paper, an EMG-driven state-space model is developed to estimate joint angular velocities and angles throughout elbow flexion/extension. The state equation of the model combines the Hill-based muscle model with the forward dynamics of joint movement, and expresses the kinematic variables as a function of neural activation levels. Then, EMG features including integral of absolute value and waveform length are extracted, and two quadratic equations which associate the kinematic variables with EMG features are fitted to represent the measurement equation. Based on the proposed model, the joint angular velocities and angles are estimated just using the EMG signals with the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), and the estimation results are used to control a manipulator. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of EMG-based motion control with the proposed model.
Seismic anisotropy in sedimentary rocks (2001)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2001Seismic anisotropy in sedimentary rocksAuthors: Zhijing (Zee) WangZhijing (Zee) WangChevron Petroleum Technology Companyhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816460 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816460FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByAnisotropic elastic, strength, and fracture properties of Marcellus shaleInternational Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 109Results of downhole microseismic monitoring at a pilot hydraulic fracturing site in Poland — Part 2: S-wave splitting analysisInterpretation, Vol. 6, No. 3Two-term AVO inversion: Equivalences and new methodsGEOPHYSICS, Vol. 73, No. 6Determining formation shear‐wave transverse isotropy from borehole Stoneley‐wave measurementsGEOPHYSICS, Vol. 68, No. 1 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2001ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2001 Pages: 2135 publication data© 2001 Copyright © 2001 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Zhijing (Zee) Wang, (2001), "Seismic anisotropy in sedimentary rocks," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1740-1743. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816460 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Network Services Monitoring MIB (2000)

This MIB does not attempt to provide facilities for management of the host or hosts the network service application runs on, nor does it provide facilities for monitoring applications that provide something other than a network service. Host resource and general application monitoring is handled by either the Host Resources MIB [1] or the application MIB
Robust camera calibration from images and rotation data (2003)

Abstract. The calibration of cameras from external orientation information and image processing is addressed in this paper. We will show that in the case of known rotation the calibration of rotating cameras is linear even in the case of fully varying parameters. For freely moving cameras the calibration problem is also linear but underdetermined for fully varying internal parameters. We show one possible set of contraints to reach a fully determined calibration problem. Furthermore we show that these linear calibration techniques tend to fit to noise for some of the intrinsics. To avoid this fit to noise we introduce a statistical calibration technique which uses the robust components of linear calibration and prior knowledge about cameras. This statistical calibration is fully determined even for freely moving cameras. 1
Fluidized-bed boilers achieve commercial status worldwide (1985)

The author reviews the current status of commercial fluidized-bed boilers worldwide. Particular attention is given to circulating fluidised-bed systems. A number of detailed tables are presented providing details of manufacturers of afb boilers, and information on 88 installed boilers, their fuels, combustion systems and operational data. Less detailed information is given of a further 140 installations.
The sterilizing capacity of propylene oxide and chlorhexidine diacetate solutions upon pre-injection swabs saturated with propan-2-ol (1983)

The sporicidal activity of two solutions which have been used in the production of 'sterile' pre-injection swabs has been investigated. Propylene oxide (3.4% w/w) and chlorhexidine diacetate (0.6% w/w), both made up in approximately 65% w/w propan-2-ol, were artificially contaminated with spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger and swabs were impregnated with these; surviving spores were enumerated at various temperatures and times of storage. Chlorhexidine diacetate had no sporicidal activity, whereas the activity of propylene oxide was dependent on temperature. The former should not be considered a sterilant and the latter can only be considered such if a controlled incubation period at an elevated temperature is employed.
Genetics of Hybrid Necrosis in Rye (1988)

Abstract In diploid rye, two genes were detected which cause hybrid necrosis by complementary action if both are present in dominant condition. Moreover, these genes cause hybrid necrosis in triticale complementing with cither one of the two genes, Ne1 and Ne2 which are known to cause hybrid necrosis in wheat. It is suggested, that the two genes in rye are named Ner1 and Ner2 corresponding to the wheat gene with which they complement in triticale. The consequences of the presence of necrosis genes in rye populations for breeding of rye are discussed.
Hydrogen bonds between short polar side chains and peptide backbone: Prevalence in proteins and effects on helix-forming propensities (1999)

A survey of 322 proteins showed that the short polar (SP) side chains of four residues, Thr, Ser, Asp, and Asn, have a very strong tendency to form hydrogen bonds with neighboring backbone amides. Specifically, 32% of Thr, 29% of Ser, 26% of Asp, and 19% of Asn engage in such hydrogen bonds. When an SP residue caps the N terminal of a helix, the contribution to helix stability by a hydrogen bond with the amide of the N3 or N2 residue is well established. When an SP residue is in the middle of a helix, the side chain is unlikely to form hydrogen bonds with neighboring backbone amides for steric and geometric reasons. In essence the SP side chain competes with the backbone carbonyl for the same hydrogen-bonding partner (i.e., the backbone amide) and thus SP residues tend to break backbone carbonyl-amide hydrogen bonds. The proposition that this is the origin for the low propensities of SP residues in the middle of alpha helices (relative to those of nonpolar residues) was tested. The combined effects of restricting side-chain rotamer conformations (documented by Creamer and Rose, Proc Acad Sci USA, 1992;89:5937-5941; Proteins, 1994;19:85-97) and excluding side- chain to backbone hydrogen bonds by the helix were quantitatively analyzed. These were found to correlate strongly with four experimentally determined scales of helix-forming propensities. The correlation coefficients ranged from 0.72 to 0.87, which are comparable to those found for nonpolar residues (for which only the loss of side-chain conformational entropy needs to be considered).
How Did Unemployment Insurance Extensions Affect the Unemployment Rate in 2008-10? (2011)

During recessions, it is common for the federal government to extend the standard unemployment insurance (UI) program. Many economic studies have shown that workers who receive UI extensions tend to take longer to find new employment, leading to a somewhat longer average duration of unemployment among all workers.
Determination of sodium gualenate in compound glutamine by RP-HPLC (2003)

OBJECTIVE To establish an RP HPLC method for determination of sodium gualenate in compound glutamine.METHODS The analysis was carried out using Inertsil CN 3 column (5 μm, 4.6 mm×250 mm). The mobile phase consisted of phosphate buffer (pH=7) acetonitrile (50∶50), detection was set at 290 nm, the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min -1 .RESULTS The linear range of sodium gualenate was 1.0 ～ 6.0 mg·L -1 , the average recovery was 99.8% with RSD of 0.4% ( n =8).CONCLUSIONS This method provides a simple and feasible way to control the quality of compound glutamin.
Rate-distortion analysis for H.264/AVC video coding and its application to rate control (2005)

In this paper, an efficient rate-control scheme for H.264/AVC video encoding is proposed. The redesign of the quantization scheme in H.264/AVC results in that the relationship between the quantization parameter and the true quantization stepsize is no longer linear. Based on this observation, we propose a new rate-distortion (R-D) model by utilizing the true quantization stepsize and then develop an improved rate-control scheme for the H.264/AVC encoder based on this new R-D model. In general, the current R-D optimization (RDO) mode-selection scheme in H.264/AVC test model is difficult for rate control, because rate control usually requires a predetermined set of motion vectors and coding modes to select the quantization parameter, whereas the RDO does in the different order and requires a predetermined quantization parameter to select motion vectors and coding modes. To tackle this problem, we develop a complexity-adjustable rate-control scheme based on the proposed R-D model. Briefly, the proposed scheme is a one-pass process at frame level and a partial two-pass process at macroblock level. Since the number of macroblocks with the two-pass processing can be controlled by an encoder parameter, the fully one-pass implementation is a subset of the proposed algorithm. An additional topic discussed in this paper is about video buffering. Since a hypothetical reference decoder (HRD) has been defined in H.264/AVC to guarantee that the buffers never overflow or underflow, the more accurate rate-allocation schemes are proposed to satisfy these requirements of HRD.
Polymerization mechanism of polypeptide chain aggregation (1997)

The misfolding of polypeptide chains and aggregation into the insoluble inclusion body state is a serious problem for biotechnology and biomedical research. Developing a rational strategy to control aggregation requires understanding the mechanism of polymerization. We investigated the in vitro aggregation of P22 tailspike polypeptide chains by classical light scattering, nondenaturing gel electrophoresis, two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and computer simulations. The aggregation of polypeptide chains during refolding occurred by multimeric polymerization, in which two multimers of any size could associate to form a larger aggregate and did not require a sequential addition of monomeric subunits. The cluster-cluster polymerization mechanism of aggregation is an important determinant in the kinetic competition between productive folding and inclusion body formation. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 54: 333–343, 1997.
Pinacol as a New Green Reducing Agent: Molybdenum‐ Catalyzed Chemoselective Reduction of Sulfoxides and Nitroaromatics (2012)

Abstract Pinacol is disclosed as a new chemoselective and environmentally benign reducing agent for sulfoxides and nitroaromatics assisted by readily available dichlorodioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes as catalysts. A wide range of substrates including those bearing challenging functional groups has been efficiently and selectively reduced with acetone and water being the only by‐products of these reactions.
Evaluation of Impact of Active Grille Shutter on Vehicle Thermal Management (2011)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Due to increased demand for improved fuel economy and reduction in CO2 emissions, active grille shutter (AGS) has been considered as one option to increase fuel economy by reducing vehicle drag resistance. An AGS system will allow airflow through the grille when demand on cooling system or air conditioning system is high. Under conditions of light load and moderate ambient temperatures and humidity, the grille does not have to be fully open. A reduction in the effective grille size opening can be achieved by either partially or fully closing the grille through a stepped speed motor actuator. When the grille opening size is reduced, under-hood airflow will decrease. Therefore, the operating points for the grille shutter should take into account the effect of temperature rise for under-hood and underbody components and the performance of the cooling and climate control systems. In this paper, a series of tests have been designed and conducted to evaluate the effect of the grille shutter on the air conditioning (AC) system performance, and power train cooling as well as under-hood and underbody components temperatures. Tests have been designed to determine the impact of AGS on the AC compressor and fan power consumptions, cooling system and climate control system performance. Tests were selected to cover wide range of ambient temperature, humidity, vehicle speed, and climate control settings. In this paper, the experimental test results are analyzed and presented. Recommendations for the selection of the grille shutter operating points are based on these test results, functional requirements of vehicle systems and components, and overall fuel economy benefits.</div></div>
H.264 to MPEG-4 Transcoding Using Block Type Information (2005)

In this paper, we propose a heterogeneous transcoding method of converting an H.264 video bitstream into an MPEG-4 video bitstream. When the H.264 video bitstream is transformed into the MPEG-4 video bitstream, the conversions between the H.264 block types and the MPEG-4 block types are performed by minimizing the distortion, and 4times4 block-based motion vector mapping is performed. The proposed transcoder runs 5.2 times faster than the cascaded transcoding method, while maintaining the similar PSNR (peak-signal-to-noise ratio).
Les zinzins (1998)

La mondialisation des marchés a conduit à la fois à une globalisation des entreprises et à une spécialisation toujours plus poussée des métiers dont celui d'investisseur institutionnel. En France, le rôle croissant de l'intermédiation de l'épargne ainsi que la forte progression des sommes à gérer ont plus spécifiquement conduit à cette spécialisation et à la professionnalisation de l'organisation des acteurs et de leurs performances. Cette tendance va en outre s'accentuer avec les besoins croissants des ménages, l'arrivée de l'euro et l'anglo-saxonisation du marché de la gestion institutionnelle. La nouvelle offre des investisseurs institutionnels peut être résumée par les cinq P, en référence à la pratique anglo-saxonne : Performance, Personnes, Processus, Philosophie, Produits, auxquels on peut rajouter les deux suivants : Portefeuille et ressources en capitaux Propres, indispensables pour assurer une dimension et une marque mondiales, ainsi que la couverture des risques.
Essential Role of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase in the Glucose-Induced Insulin Secretion in a Pancreatic β-Cell Line (1998)

The current model of the nutrient sensing mechanism in pancreatic beta-cells implies that malonyl-CoA plays a key role. According to this hypothesis, glucose activation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase triggers a rapid production of malonyl-CoA which inhibits carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and the importation of fatty acyl-CoA into the mitochondria for oxidation. The increase in cytosolic long chain fatty acyl-CoA leads to the exocytosis of insulin by a mechanism which has not yet been clearly defined. To obtain direct evidence that ACC plays a central role in this process, we generated stable transfectants of an insulin secreting cell line (INS-1) that express ACC specific antisense mRNA. The amounts of ACC mRNA and the protein level were specifically decreased in these stable clones compared to those of the control cells. The glucose activation of ACC in these cells was also significantly diminished. Both acute and long-term induction of insulin secretion by glucose were decreased. This decrease was inversely correlated to the levels of ACC activity in clones. In these clones, the insulin secretion induced by other nutrients, amino acids and ketocaproate, is also impaired, while the KCl-induced insulin secretion remains unchanged. Decreased ACC expression was accompanied by impaired malonyl-CoA production and elevated fatty acid oxidation. The expressions of the pancreatic specific glucokinase, glucose transporter 2 or beta-actin in these cells, as well as glucose utilisation were not affected, suggesting that the effect of the expression of the ACC mRNA specific gene on insulin secretion is specifically related to the decrease in the amount of ACC gene products. These results provide direct evidence of a causal relationship between ACC and insulin secretion.
Emerging technologies for fiber network survivability (1995)

Reducing network protection costs, while maintaining an acceptable level of survivability, has become an important challenge for network planners and engineers. This article will review technology and architectures that may be used to implement cost effective survivable fiber networks for each transport layer, and discuss the interworking system between survivability mechanisms across different layers and associated open issues. Standards development, product availability and the current status of deployment will also be reviewed. The first section reviews a class of survivable fiber network architectures that has been deployed or is scheduled to be deployed. Next is a review of emerging technologies for these survivable architecture implementations. These emerging technologies include SONET, ATM, and passive optical technology. Finally the issue of multiple layer interworking on SONET/ATM networks is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ORCHESTRA : Rapid, collaborative sharing of dynamic data (2005)

Conventional data integration techniques employ a “top-down ” design philosophy, starting by assessing requirements and defining a global schema, and then mapping data sources to that schema. This works well if the problem domain is well-understood and relatively static, as with enterprise data. However, it is fundamentally mismatched with the “bottom-up ” model of scientific data sharing, in which new data needs to be rapidly developed, published, and then assessed, filtered, and revised by others. We address the need for bottom-up collaborative data sharing, in which independent researchers or groups with different goals, schemas, and data can share information in the absence of global agreement. Each group independently curates, revises, and extends its data; eventually the groups compare and reconcile their changes, but they are not required to agree. This paper describes our initial design and prototype of the ORCHESTRA system, which focuses on managing disagreement among multiple data representations and instances. Our work represents an important evolution of the concepts of peer-to-peer data sharing [23], which considers revision, disagreement, authority, and intermittent participation. ∗ Work done while an M.S. student at the Univ. of Pennsylvania.
Comparison of formic acid with a formaldehyde and formic acid mixture as additives for lucerne silage (1977)

Three 50 t silage stacks were made from a common source with direct‐cut lucerne with the following additions at ensiling: 85% formic acid 4.6 l/t (F); commercial formalin b.3 1/t, 85% formic acid 2.1 1/t (FF); nil (U). The chemical compositions of the treated silages were similar, but both contained more OM, less ammonia, and less volatile fatty acids than the U silage. Highest intakes by sheep and weight gains by cattle were obtained on the F silage.