gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-violet absorption spectra and π-electron structures of nitromethane and the nitromethyl anion (1960)

The ultra-violet absorption spectrum of nitromethane was measured under various conditions. Besides the weak band at 270 mμ, a strong band, which may be regarded as due to the longest wavelength π→π* transition band, was observed at 198 mμ in the gaseous state. Further, the absorption spectrum of nitromethane was measured in aqueous solutions with several different ph values, and a strong band was observed at 233 mμ. From the fact that the pKa value evaluated on the basis of the ph dependence of the absorption intensity is equal to that obtained electrometrically, it was concluded that the 233 mμ band is to be ascribed to the nitromethyl anion (H2C-NO2). This band was found to shift to 238 mμ in alcoholic KOH solution. The π-electron structure of the anion was studied theoretically by taking into account configuration interaction in terms of the ground, charge transfer, and locally excited configurations. It is shown that the 233 mμ band of the anion may be interpreted as an intramolecular charge-transfer absorption involving a large electron transfer from CH2 - toward NO2. It is suggested that electron donating substituent groups like NH2, OH, and CH2 - should cause the 198 mμ band of the nitro group to shift toward shorter wavelengths, in marked contrast to the case of substituted benzene molecules like aniline and phenol.
C&EN chemical science series (1962)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTC&EN chemical science seriesENΖYMESEnzyme reaction mechanisms are being subjected to more intensified study than ever before. Nature is reluctant to yield the answers, but that only makes the problems all the more intriguingMYRON L. BENDERView Author Information Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill.Cite this: Chem. Eng. News 1962, 40, 27, 64–75Publication Date (Print):July 2, 1962Publication History Published online6 November 2010Published inissue 2 July 1962https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v040n027.p064Copyright © 1962 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views8Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Restabilization of recycled, CaCO<sub>3</sub>‐filled polypropylene: Assessment of reprocessing induced modifications and processing stabilizer effectiveness (2002)

Abstract Postconsumer recycled polypropylene, filled with 15% CaCO 3 was restabilized at various degrees utilizing different processing stabilizers, one of which is especially prepared to counter the deactivating effects of fillers and other moieties. The polymer was then subjected to multiple extrusion cycles for the purpose of studying the effects of the extent and temperature of reprocessing on its chemical stability. The relative effectiveness of the various restabilization recipes used was also examined. The process‐induced material degradation is primarily due to chain scission, which causes an average molecular weight reduction; its progression was monitored by measuring the decrease in viscosity. It is determined that degradation increases linearly with the extent of reprocessing while its activation energy is roughly equal to 30 kJ/mol. A simple model is built and used to quantitatively evaluate the potency of each additive used; it presumes that the protection of each individual stabilizer may be explicitly factored out in a product expression. These results suggest useful ways of optimizing stabilization according to the particular processing and product requirements. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 21: 260–267, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.10026
Characterization of a liquid crystal microlens array using multiwalled carbon nanotube electrodes (2010)

Reconfigurable liquid crystal microlenses employing arrays of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been designed and fabricated. The cells consist of arrays of 2 microm high MWNTs grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition on silicon with a top electrode of indium tin oxide coated glass positioned 20 microm above the silicon and the gap filled with the nematic liquid crystal BLO48. Simulations have found that, while its nematic liquid crystal aligns with MWNTs within a distance of 10nm, this distance is greatly enhanced by the application of an external electric field. Polarized light experiments show that light is focused with focal lengths ranging from approximately 7 microm to 12 microm.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION OF META‐TERPHENYL. II. STUDY OF THE UNSYMMETRICAL DISUBSTITUTION BY BROMINE, IODINE AND ACETYL CHLORIDE (1978)

Abstract Die Bromierung der m‐Terphenyle (Ia) bzw. (Ib) in Gegenwart von Tl‐triacetat ergibt jeweils Gemische aus dem Dibromid (IIa) und dem Tribromid (IIb).
Failure Prediction for SRP using Analytic Solutions (2020)

Abstract An innovative method for Sucker Rod Pump (SRP) failure prediction based on Improved Completely Connected Perceptron artificial neural networks (ANN) is presented. Results are compared to historical wellbore data. ANN models validity is proven to meet SRP failures prediction with a ±5% error, helping identify and prevent potential damages, reduce costs and risks, optimize production. The process was set up in phases. In the Inception phase use cases were identified. A set of 5 million digital dynacards from 56 wells was selected altogether with complete wellbore data. Then data was processed, screened, quality controlled, created workflows and methods of use. Data driven ANN models were established and tested for an automatized pump state identification. Improved Completely Connected Perceptron models were trained based on manually labelled subsets and statistical and Elliptical Fourier Transform features. Sequential Forward Selection was applied for finding the most relevant features. Will be followed by a trend analysis, and failure prediction processes. Initially data quality was verified and further used for training several models developed to filter out bad samples. Models performance was controlled and validated for quality assurance using multifold cross validation. Results were analyzed and compared by identifying their accuracy and precision. All models performed well and although the error difference between their performances was minor, the one with highest score was selected and applied. 88% of the initial dataset was identified as of a good quality. In the second step a subset of data was manually labelled for pump states. In total, 11 states were found with "normal" being the highest occurrence, followed by "fluid pound", "gas interference" and others. This dataset was used for training the neural network models. Results were evaluated, processed and quality checked. The error analysis based on multifold cross validation and f1-score proved that resulted ANN models offer robust and consistent results, in every case up to 99% accuracy for dynacards state identification. Remaining data was fed in and QA&QC-ed. The occurrence of pump states remains the same as mentioned above. Having such models, allows the application of a trend analysis for identifying the tendency of SRP performance over time accompanied by prevention and prediction of future failures in the system. Models can be easily updated as new data comes in without the need of retraining. In case of new conditions, our established QC tools allow fast and effortless retraining with high accuracy. Principles can be extended to other artificial lift systems.
Postextrasystolic Potentiation During Spontaneous Ventricular Ectopy in Man (1984)

Five patients with spontaneously arising frequent ventricular ectopia were studied by list mode radionuclide ventriculography. Changes in left ventricular volumes reflected the increased inotropy of the postextrasystolic sinus beats: stroke volume increased by +36.0 +/- 32.8% (P less than 0.05) and end-systolic volumes decreasing by 13.6 +/- 7.3% (P less than 0.02) leading to an increased ejection fraction (+31.1 +/- 23.8%; P less than 0.05). There were no significant increases in end-diastolic volumes (+2.2 +/- 5.4%; P:NS). The reproducibility of the left ventricular volume estimates was confirmed by comparing the control sinus beats with the interrupted sinus beats. There were no significant changes in end-diastolic (+1.8 +/- 5.5%), end-systolic (+1.8 +/- 3.7%) and stroke volumes (+5.4 +/- 14.6%). List mode radionuclide ventriculography can be used to accurately monitor left ventricular volume changes associated with spontaneously arising ventricular ectopia. In these patients, the contribution of Frank-Starling mechanism to postextrasystolic potentiation was minimal.
Sharing the blame: Implications of the hypothesis of extended cognition for personal identity and ethics (2013)

Elevation of the cTnI level is frequently observed in patients in the emergency room with common diseases other than ACS.
The Pathfinder Microrover (1997)

An exciting scientific component of the Pathfinder mission is the rover, which will act as a mini‐field geologist by providing us with access to samples for chemical analyses and close‐up images of the Martian surface, performing active experiments to modify the surface and study the results, and exploring the landing site area. Structures, textures, and fabrics revealed in the rover camera images will provide a bounty of geologic information, which can be put in the larger context of geologic features seen in lander camera images. Rover technology experiments will improve our understanding of “soil” properties (grain size, bulk density, friction angle, cohesion, and compressibility) by contributing information not provided by the other Pathfinder instruments. Unplanned opportunities and activities are also likely to provide valuable science information, such as examination of any slumped or eroded soil that has been piled up by the rover wheels, and examination of overturned rocks. Using its ability to actively explore and experiment, the rover will fill in key gaps in our understanding of the landing site.
AR inhibition prevents IL-13-induced phosphorylation of JAK-1, ERK1/2 and STAT-6 in airway epithelial monolayer. (2015)

<p>The ciliated monolayer of airway cells at ALI was treated with AR inhibitor for 24 h and stimulated with IL-13 for different time periods as indicated. At the end of incubation, cells were lysed and cell lysate was subjected to western blotting using antibodies against phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated JAK-1, ERK1/2 and STAT-6 to analyze the activation of these signaling proteins. A representative blot is shown (n = 4). #p<0.001 vs Control; *p<0.01 and **p<0.001 vs IL-13.</p>
AMBIENT RADIOFREQUENCY POWER: THE IMPACT OF THE NUMBER OF DEVICES IN A WI-FI NETWORK (2009)

This paper considers how the total radiofrequency power varies as the number of devices in a Wi-Fi network increases. Under the assumption that all devices in the network always have data to transmit, we show that work from network engineering can be adapted to calculate the total transmitted power, accounting for the possibility of multiple devices transmitting at the same time. The paper focuses on total transmitted power as it gives an upper bound on exposure and makes the impact of multiple devices clear. The results show that the number of devices does have a significant impact on the radiated power. For example, one station transmitting small packets in unicast mode gives about half the nominal power value; to reach nominal value around 25 devices are required, and 150% of the nominal value is achieved around 350 devices. We see that 802.11's transmission protocol is usually effective in limiting the power even in very large 802.11 networks.
The general philosophy of Artificial Adaptive Systems (2008)

This paper has the objective of describing the structure and placing in a taxonomy the Artificial Adaptive Systems (AAS). These systems form part of the vast world of Artificial Intelligence (AI) nowadays called more properly Artificial Sciences (AS). Artificial Sciences means those sciences for which an understanding of natural and/or cultural processes is achieved by the recreation of those processes through automatic models. In particular, Natural Computation tries to construct automatic models of complex processes, using the local interaction of elementary micro-processes, simulating the original process functioning. Such models organize themselves in space and time and connect in a non-linear way to the global process they are part of, trying to reproduce the complexity through the dynamic creation of specific and independent local rules that transform themselves in relation to the dynamics of the process. Natural Computation constitutes the alternative to Classical Computation (CC). This one, in fact, has great difficulty in facing natural/cultural processes, especially when it tries to impose external rules to understand and reproduce them, trying to formalize these processes in an artificial model. In Natural Computation ambit, Artificial Adaptive Systems are theories which generative algebras are able to create artificial models simulating natural phenomenon. The learning and growing process of the models is isomorphic to the natural process evolution, that is, it's itself an artificial model comparable with the origin of the natural process. We are dealing with theories adopting the "time of development" of the model as a formal model of "time of process" itself. Artificial Adaptive Systems comprise Evolutive Systems and Learning Systems. Artificial Neural Networks are the more diffused and best-known Learning Systems models in Natural Computation. For this reason we present in this paper an application of new Artificial Adaptive Systems to a very hard and pragmatic topic: drug trafficking. That because we think that "real world" is often the best theory.
A 30-year-old male with diffuse white matter lesions (2005)

A 30-year-old male presented with fever and cough withexpectoration of 3-month duration. He was diagnosed to havepulmonary tuberculosis and antituberculous therapy was ini-tiated. He developed progressive lower limb weakness over1 month. He was detected to be HIV seropositive. At the timeof admission to the hospital, he was dull, withdrawn, and hadspastic paraparesis (Grade 4/5 power). Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) studies revealed 120 cells/mm
Necessity and Safety of Genetically Modified Plants (2003)

World population reached 6.1 billion in 2002 and it will become 9.5-10 billion in 2050. Programs for increasing crop yield are (1) Expansion of arable land, (2) Increase of yield per unit area, and (3) Plant breeding, but the former 2 programs can not be expected. The remaining possibility is plant breeding, i.e., development of high-yield and high-quality varieties and exploitation of stress-tolerant plants for extensive farming. Various physical and biological environmental stresses reduce the productivity of plants by 80% even in US. Traditional plant breeding by crossing requires at least a decade to establish improvement of one trait. Only one possible solution is a molecular breeding of plants. Transgenic crops with characters of herbicide-, insect-, and virus-resistance, long-life, high oleic and lauric acids content were produced. Safety assessment ofgenetically modified plants as food and feed is judged in various aspects. a) Effect of gene disruption on productionof toxic compounds. b) Transfer of maker gene, such as antibiotics-resistant gene, to intestinal microbes. c) Toxicity and allergen of foreign protein. These items were carefully studied by chemical analysis of transgenic plants, sequence of transgene, comparison of structure of transgene product (protein) with known toxic proteins and allergenic proteins, digestibility of proteins in stomach and intestine, and animal test. In conclusion, foods and feeds from transgenic plants so far certificated were substantially identical to usual foods and feeds.
High Resolution Petroleum System Analysis: Application to Kimmeridgian-Valanginian Megasequence of Neuquen Basin, Argentina&nbsp; :ABSTRACT (1997)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Surface Acoustic Wave 915 MHz resonator oscillator gas sensors using SnO<inf>2</inf> nanowires-based nanocomposite layer (2008)

In this paper we report on Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) gas sensors based on quartz two-port resonators configured as oscillators at resonant frequency of 915 MHz. Nanowires (NW) of semiconducting tin dioxide (SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) have been grown by Vapor Phase (VP) process and used as filler in a nanocomposite layer to fabricate a highly-sensitive nanomaterial for gas detection, at room temperature. The nanocomposite layer consisting of an organic host-matrix of cadmium arachidate (CdA) and a weight-tailored filler of SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> NW has been deposited as thin film onto SAW resonators by means of the molecular engineering Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. SAW gas sensors performance was investigated in presence of ppm-level of ethanol, methanol, ethylacetate, toluene, at room temperature. The results demonstrate good sensitivity to vapors under test at ppm-level and a SAW gas response tuned by the weight-content of filler of SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> NW in the LB nanocomposite layer.
Don't touch my code! (2011)

Ownership is a key aspect of large-scale software development. We examine the relationship between different ownership measures and software failures in two large software projects: Windows Vista and Windows 7. We find that in all cases, measures of ownership such as the number of low-expertise developers, and the proportion of ownership for the top owner have a relationship with both pre-release faults and post-release failures. We also empirically identify reasons that low-expertise developers make changes to components and show that the removal of low-expertise contributions dramatically decreases the performance of contribution based defect prediction. Finally we provide recommendations for source code change policies and utilization of resources such as code inspections based on our results.
Regulation of sodium pump with physiologically active ligands (prostaglandins, galanin) (1994)

Due to the multifunctional nature (catalytic, receptoric, transport) the regulation of the Na+/K+- ATPase must be versatile. Hence, several direct (ATP,Na+,K+,EDLF) and indirect (hormones, neuropeptides etc.) modulators exist. Action of the latter agents is mediated via receptors (signal transduction system) and receptor-independent way. A definite role of lipid-protein interactions in indirect (receptor-independent) regulation of Na+/ K+-ATPase is quite possible.
<title>Tissue treatment under water with simultaneously fiber-guided erbium and holmium laser radiation</title> (1996)

Non-contact fiber guided IR-tissue treatment under water requires the formation of a water vapor channel at the fiber tip to bridge the water layer between the fiber and the tissue surface and to allow transmission of the radiation. The formation of the channel, however, consumes most of the initial pulse energy which strongly restricts the ablation efficiency. The goal of this study was to determine optimum laser parameters which guarantee a high ablation efficiency and a high cutting precision. A multi-wavelength-laser system was realized by simultaneously guiding erbium and holmium laser radiation via a single ZrF<SUB>4</SUB> fiber. Both lasers were operated in free-running mode at pulse durations adjustable between 100 microsecond(s) and 1 ms. Pressure measurements and video flash photography were performed to study the channel formation process as a function of laser wavelength, pulse duration and delay time between laser pulses at different wavelengths. The tissue response of human meniscus after laser impact was histologically investigated. The efficiency of erbium laser tissue ablation under water increases from 25% up to 80% by using a multi-wavelength system emitting 2.1 micrometers and 2.79 micrometers radiation. This is achieved when a 200 microsecond(s) long holmium laser pulse of low energy is used to open a water vapor channel through which the ablating erbium laser radiation can be transmitted. The induced thermal tissue damage is essentially determined by the holmium laser parameters and the delay time between both pulses. The combination of erbium and holmium laser radiation offers the surgeon the possibility for efficient and precise cutting of tissue under water. Moreover, it represents an universal medical instrument for cutting and/or coagulation just by changing the laser parameters without changing the instrument.
Construction and performance of an x-ray undulator beamline at the TRISTAN Accumulation Ring (1992)

An in-vacuum type undulator and its beamline NE3 with a Si(111) double-crystal monochromator is under commissioning. Spectra of synchrotron radiation measured in the energy range of 5–25 keV from the undulator shows a very good agreement with theoretical calculation. Some experiments of resonant nuclear scattering using 57Fe have been carried out using the third harmonics of the spectra. It has been proved that the undulator x rays are quite suitable for experiments of very small scattering cross sections.
Synthesis and characterization of functionalized 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene and its derivatives (2004)

A functionalized monomer based on 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene, namely ProDOT-OH, was synthesized easily in a single step from commercially available starting materials and was successfully polymerized electrochemically resulting in the formation of an electroactive conjugated film on the working electrode. The presence of the free hydroxyl group makes ProDOT-OH as the material of choice due to ease of derivatization. This has been shown successfully for pre-polymerization functionalization wherein various derivatives were synthesized starting from ProDOT-OH. All the monomers were characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, GC-MS and elemental analysis. The polymers were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, spectroelectrochemistry and in situ conductance measurements.