gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic Porous Biodegradable Scaffolds for Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering (2009)

It has been generally accepted that tissue engineered constructs should closely resemble the in-vivo mechanical and structural properties of the tissues they are intended to replace. However, most scaffolds produced so far were isotropic porous scaffolds with non-characterized mechanical properties, different from those of the native healthy tissue. Tissues that are formed into these scaffolds are initially formed in the isotropic porous structure and since most tissues have significant anisotropic extracellular matrix components and concomitant mechanical properties, the formed tissues have no structural and functional relationships with the native tissues. The complete regeneration of tissues requires a second differentiation step after resorption of the isotropic scaffold. It is doubtful if the required plasticity for this remains present in already final differentiated tissue. It would be much more efficacious if the newly formed tissues in the scaffold could differentiate directly into the anisotropic organization of the native tissues. Therefore, anisotropic scaffolds that enable such a direct differentiation might be extremely helpful to realize this goal. Up to now, anisotropic scaffolds have been fabricated using modified conventional techniques, solid free-form fabrication techniques, and a few alternative methods. In this review we present the current status and discuss the procedures that are currently being used for anisotropic scaffold fabrication.
Integrin VLA-2 (alpha2beta1) function in postextravasation movement of human rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells in the liver. (1996)

It is now known that members of the selectin and integrin families are critical in the initial interaction of cells in circulation with endothelial surfaces. Also, platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 has been shown to be involved in transendothelial migration of extravasating cells. Little is known about adhesion molecules involved in subsequent postextravasation events. In this study, the significance of VLA-2 (alpha2beta1) integrin in the movement of human rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells in the liver was characterized by in vivo videomicroscopy. Results show that after extravasation, the mock-transfected RDpF cells were able to migrate to the subcapsular region of the liver. Although the RDX2C2 transfectant expressing VLA-2 integrin extravasated equally well, a majority of RDX2C2 cells remained in close proximity to blood vessels and failed to reach the subcapsular region. The functional involvement of VLA-2 in affecting the ability of RD cells to reach the subcapsular region was verified by the preparation of an RD transfectant [RDX2C2(I-)] expressing a nonfunctional variant of VLA-2 lacking the inserted (I)-domain of alpha2 subunit. In vivo microscopy showed that RDX2C2(I-) cells migrated in a manner similar to control RDpF cells. To demonstrate that RDX2C2 cells that remained in dose proximity to blood vessels were due to VLA-2 function, a blocking monoclonal antibody against VLA-2 (BHA2.1) was prepared. Mice were injected with BHA2.1 or control monoclonal antibody P3 at the time when RDX2C2 cells completed their extravasation. Treatment with BHA2.1 increased the number of RDX2C2 cells that reached the subcapsular region and subsequently formed tumor foci. Therefore, VLA-2 integrin expression has major roles in postextravasation movement and affects tumor foci formation at the liver surface.
Darstellung der Oxidnitride VON, NbON und TaON. Die Kristallstruktur von NbON und TaON (1977)

Abstract Kristalle von VON und NbON entstehen durch thermische Zersetzung der Metalloxidamide, die aus Metalloxidtrichlorid und flüssigem Ammoniak erhalten werden. TaON‐Einkristalle bilden sich aus TaOCl 3 und NH 4 Cl bei 900–1000°C in Quarzampullen. NbON und TaON sind isotyp mit dem Baddeleyit ZrO 2 . Sie kristallisieren monoklin in der Raumgruppe P2 1 /c mit Z = 4. Die Existenz des Nitridchlorids Ta 2 N 3 Cl, dessen Hydrolyse zu TaON führen soll, sowie von NbNCl 2 und TaNCl 2 konnte nicht bestätigt werden. Die Kristalldaten der Verbindungen NH 4 MCl 6 (M = Nb, Ta), (NH 4 ) 2 NbCl 6 und (NH 4 ) 2 NbOCl 5 wurden bestimmt.
The Distribution of Refractory Periods Influences the Dynamics of Ventricular Fibrillation (2001)

The spatial and dynamic properties of ventricular fibrillation (VF) may be random or related to cellular electrical properties of the normal heart. Local activation intervals (AIs) in VF may depend on the local refractory period (RP), and sustained VF may require a steep action potential (AP) restitution curve. In guinea pig hearts, AP durations (APDs) and RPs on the epicardium are shorter at the apex and progressively longer toward the base, producing gradients of RPs that may influence the spatial organization of VF. In the present study, the influence of APDs on VF dynamics is investigated in perfused guinea pig hearts stained with a voltage-sensitive dye by comparing APD gradients to the dynamics of VF elicited by burst pacing. In VF, AIs had no clear periodicity, but average AIs were shorter at the apex (57.5+/-8.1 ms) than the base (76.1+/-1.5 ms, n=6, P<0.05) and had gradients similar to APD gradients (correlation coefficient 0.71+/-0.04). Analysis of local velocity vectors showed no preferential directions, and fast Fourier transform (FFT) power spectra were broad (10 to 24 Hz) with multiple peaks (n=6). However, the selective inhibition of delayed K(+) rectifying currents, I(Kr) (E4031; 0.5 micromol/L, n=3), shifted FFT spectra from complex to a lower dominant frequency (10 Hz) and altered repolarization but retained the correlation between mean AIs and RPs. Thus, VF dynamics are consistent with a multiple wave-make and wave-break mechanism, and the local RP influences VF dynamics by limiting the range of VF frequencies and AIs at each site. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.
Modification of tomato taste in transgenic plants carrying a thaumatin gene from <i>Thaumatococcus daniellii</i> Benth (2003)

Abstract Fruit taste is an important component of fruit quality, but its genetic basis is complex, making it difficult to alter by plant breeding. Thaumatin is a sweet‐tasting, flavour‐enhancing protein produced by fruits of the African plant Thaumatococcus daniellii Benth. Agrobac‐terium‐mediated transformation was used to produce two transgenic tomato lines expressing biologically active thaumatin in fruits. Transgenic tomato fruits from the T 2 plant generation were sweeter than the controls and possessed a specific aftertaste as determined by sensory evaluation. These results demonstrate that transgenic expression of thaumatin could be useful for modifying tomato fruit taste, especially in breeding lines possessing poor fruit taste, such as those carrying a non‐ripening (nor) mutation.
The Ecology Of Heliothis Species In Relation To Agroecosystems (1989)

With a growing world population and increasingly demanding consumers, the production of sufficient protein from livestock, poultry, and fish represents a serious challenge for the future. Approximately 1,900 insect species are eaten worldwide, mainly in ...Read More
Development and Characterization of Novel Microsatellite Markers for the Peach Fruit Moth Carposina sasakii (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) Using Next-Generation Sequencing (2016)

The peach fruit moth Carposina sasakii is an economically important pest on dozens of fruits from Rosaceae and Rhamnaceae in Northeast Asia. We developed novel microsatellite markers for C. sasakii from randomly sequenced regions of the genome using next-generation sequencing. In total, 95,153 microsatellite markers were isolated from 4.70 GB genomic sequences. Thirty-five polymorphic markers were developed by assessing in 63 individuals from two geographical populations. The allele numbers ranged from 2 to 9 with an average value of 4.60 per locus, while the polymorphism information content ranged from 0.075 to 0.696 with an average value of 0.407. Furthermore, the observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.000 to 0.677 and 0.062 to 0.771, respectively. The microsatellites developed provide abundant molecular markers for investigating genetic structure, genetic diversity, and existence of host-plant associated biotypes of C. sasakii.
The International Sepsis Forum's frontiers in sepsis: High cardiac output should be maintained in severe sepsis. (2003)

Despite a usually normal or high cardiac output, severe sepsis is associated with inadequate tissue oxygenation, leading to organ failure and death. Some authors have suggested that raising cardiac output and oxygen delivery to predetermined supranormal values may be associated with improved survival. While this may be of benefit in certain patients, bringing all patients to similar, supranormal values, is simplistic. It is much preferable to titrate therapy according to the needs of each individual patient. A combination of variables should be used for this purpose, in addition to a careful clinical evaluation, including not only cardiac output but also the mixed venous oxygen saturation and the blood lactate concentrations. The concept is to assess the adequacy of the cardiac output in patients with severe sepsis, enabling management strategies aimed at optimizing cardiac output to be tailored to the individual patient.
Determination of the specific positions of<i>cis</i> and<i>trans</i> double bonds in polyenes (1966)

A method is described for the determination of the positions and geometric configurations of double bonds in polyunsaturated fatty acids. The procedure consists of three steps: 1) Partial reduction of the double bonds with hydrazine under conditions which give high yields of monoenes. 2) Isolation of thecis- and thetrans-monoene fractions by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) directly or in the form of their ozonide derivatives. In the former technique, selective argentation is employed, in the latter, silicic acid adsorption. 3) Determination of the structure of the monoenes via reductive ozonolysis. The position of the double bonds is determined from the structures of the monoenes. Since thecis-monoenes are separated from thetrans-monoenes the geometric configuration of each double bond is determined.The method also provides a direct determination of the spacings of the internal double bonds and it may be employed for the determination of the structures of mixtures of fatty acids in conjunction with direct ozonolysis procedures. The various ramifications of the method are demonstrated on pure fatty acids and model mixtures thereof.
Posed facial expressions of emotion in schizophrenia and depression (1992)

The goals of the present study were to explore: (1) whether schizophrenics, depressives, and normals differ in their likelihood of expressing different emotions; and (2) whether the types of expressions subjects exhibit are associated with their level of reported depressive symptomatology. Subjects were asked to imagine: seeing, smelling, or tasting something disgusting; and having something wonderful happen to them. Subjects were asked to show the experimenter what their face would look like if these things happened. The groups differed in how frequently they exhibited anger or contempt in the first condition and happiness in the second condition. The depressives were most likely to exhibit anger/contempt and least likely to exhibit happiness. Using Beck Depression Inventory scores as dependent variables, there were significant interactions between diagnostic group and the type of facial expressions exhibited. The associations between facial expressions and BDI scores were in the opposite directions for depressives and schizophrenics.
NiO/Ce<sub>1−x</sub>Ni<sub>x</sub>O<sub>2−δ</sub>as an alternative to noble metal catalysts for CO oxidation (2012)

A series of NiO/CeO2 catalysts were prepared by using the combustion method and characterized by using XRD, N2-physisorption, TEM, UV-visible, Raman, XPS, ICP-OES and H2-TPR. Typical results indicated the NiO/CeO2 had a better performance than CeO2 for CO oxidation and 15 wt% NiO/CeO2 is active and stable, whereas catalysts with a higher NiO content of 20 and 30 wt% deactivated at 130 °C onwards. The high activity and excellent stability of 15% NiO/CeO2 catalysts can be ascribed to their high oxygen vacancy, high dispersion of NiO and strong metal–support interaction that leads to synergy between NiO and CeO2.
Longitudinal endolymph movements and endocochlear potential changes induced by stimulation at infrasonic frequencies (1999)

The inner ear is continually exposed to pressure fluctuations in the infrasonic frequency range (< 20 Hz) from external and internal body sources. The cochlea is generally regarded to be insensitive to such stimulation. The effects of stimulation at infrasonic frequencies (0.1 to 10 Hz) on endocochlear potential (EP) and endolymph movements in the guinea pig cochlea were studied. Stimuli were applied directly to the perilymph of scala tympani or scala vestibuli of the cochlea via a fluid-filled pipette. Stimuli, especially those near 1 Hz, elicited large EP changes which under some conditions exceeded 20 mV in amplitude and were equivalent to a cochlear microphonic (CM) response. Accompanying the electrical responses was a cyclical, longitudinal displacement of the endolymph. The amplitude and phase of the CM varied according to which perilymphatic scala the stimuli were applied to and whether a perforation was made in the opposing perilymphatic scala. Spontaneously occurring middle ear muscle contractions were also found to induce EP deflections and longitudinal endolymph movements comparable to those generated by perilymphatic injections. These findings suggest that cochlear fluid movements induced by pressure fluctuations at infrasonic frequencies could play a role in fluid homeostasis in the normal state and in fluid disturbances in pathological states.
Uncovering the Enzymes that Catalyze the Final Steps in Oxytetracycline Biosynthesis (2013)

Tetracyclines are a group of natural products sharing a linearly fused four-ring scaffold, which is essential for their broad-spectrum antibiotic activities. Formation of the key precursor anhydrotetracycline 3 during oxytetracycline 1 biosynthesis has been previously characterized. However, the enzymatic steps that transform 3 into 1, including the additional hydroxylation at C5 and the final C5a-C11a reduction, have remained elusive. Here we report two redox enzymes, OxyS and OxyR, are sufficient to convert 3 to 1. OxyS catalyzes two sequential hydroxylations at C6 and C5 positions of 3 with opposite stereochemistry, while OxyR catalyzes the C5a-C11a reduction using F420 as a cofactor to produce 1. The crystal structure of OxyS was obtained to provide insights into the tandem C6- and C5-hydroxylation steps. The substrate specificities of OxyS and OxyR were shown to influence the relative ratio of 1 and tetracycline 2.
Study on the Way of Innovative Development of Economic Management Mode of Listed Company against Background of Digital Market (2020)

Due to the rapid development of social economy and the aggravation of market competitionunder the background of digital market, the traditional economic management mode has been graduallyeliminated. Therefore, the way of innovative development of economic management mode of listedcompany against the background of digital market was put forward. The path mainly included innovationof economic management concepts, system innovation, structural innovation, enhancement of innovationconsciousness and optimization of market information sensitivity. The enhancement of innovationconsciousness was mainly divided into innovation consciousness of leadership and innovationconsciousness of staff member. The optimization of market information sensitivity was mainly divided intoanalysis of market rules and determination of scientific strategic development direction. Under this path,the competitiveness evaluation model based on AHP-Delphi was used to evaluate the competitiveness oflisted company. Experimental results prove that the competitiveness of listed company can be effectivelyimproved under the development path of economic management mode innovated by the proposed method.
Bioinspired Surface for Low Drag, Self-Cleaning, and Antifouling: Shark Skin, Butterfly and Rice Leaf Effects (2013)

Researchers are continually inspired by living nature to solve complex challenges through the field of biomimetics.Nature thrives on effective designs while optimizing the use of precious resources, which is something that inspires engineers worldwide.Gaining a deeper understanding of nature can lead to bioinspired products that save time, money, and lives.Examples include "low drag" boat hulls inspired by shark skin as well as "selfcleaning" windows and "antifouling" medical devices inspired by the superhydrophobic and low adhesion lotus leaf.Common engineering challenges solved in nature but hindering many industries are fluid drag reduction and antifouling.Nature holds clues to these challenges, including the unique surface characteristics of rice leaves and butterfly wings that combine the shark skin (anisotropic flow leading to low drag) and lotus leaf (superhydrophobic and self-cleaning) effects, producing the so-called rice and butterfly wing effect.In this thesis, first presented is a chapter on biofouling and inorganic-fouling which is generally undesirable for many medical, marine, and industrial applications.A survey of promising flora and fauna are studied in order to discover new antifouling methods that could be mimicked for engineering applications.New antifouling methods will presumably incorporate a combination of physical and chemical controls. Mechanisms and experimental results are presented focusing on my new drag reducingiii shark skin inspired surfaces.This includes my new laser etched and microtextured film samples for closed channel drag using water, oil, and air as well as in wind tunnel.Finally mechanisms and experimental results are presented focusing on my newly discovered rice and butterfly wing effect surfaces.I collected and present morphology, drag, antifouling, contact angle, and contact angle hysteresis results to understand the role of sample geometrical dimensions, wettability, viscosity, and velocity.Hierarchical liquid repellent coatings combining nano-and micro-sized features and particles are utilized to recreate or combine various effects.I fabricated such samples with photolithography, soft lithography, hot embossing, and coating techniques.Discussion is provided along with new conceptual models describing the role of surface structures related to low drag and antifouling properties.Modeling provides design guidance when developing novel low drag and antifouling surfaces for medical, marine, and industrial applications.
Improving the design process of VLSI circuits by means of a hardware debugging system: UNSHADES-1 framework (2003)

Due to the increase in size and complexity of VLSI integrated circuits, new design tools are necessary. Telecommunications and electronic industry demand designs that integrate intensive digital signal processing blocks and complex control tasks. Rapid prototyping techniques introduce a new stage into the design flow that overcome the drawbacks of simulation stage and shorten design times. Advanced FPGAs can host the design for its emulation and can run inserted into the final system. The benefits of their use go beyond the simple rapid prototyping approach, and are able to provide additional information and other useful tasks that are presented in this paper.
Biological Photothermal Nanodots Based on Self-Assembly of Peptide–Porphyrin Conjugates for Antitumor Therapy (2017)

Photothermal agents can harvest light energy and convert it into heat, offering a targeted and remote-controlled way to destroy carcinomatous cells and tissues. Inspired by the biological organization of polypeptides and porphyrins in living systems, here we have developed a supramolecular strategy to fabricate photothermal nanodots through peptide-modulated self-assembly of photoactive porphyrins. The self-assembling nature of porphyrins induces the formation of J-aggregates as substructures of the nanodots, and thus enables the fabrication of nanodots with totally inhibited fluorescence emission and singlet oxygen production, leading to a high light-to-heat conversion efficiency of the nanodots. The peptide moieties not only provide aqueous stability for the nanodots through hydrophilic interactions, but also provide a spatial barrier between porphyrin groups to inhibit the further growth of nanodots through the strong π-stacking interactions. Thermographic imaging reveals that the conversion of light to heat based on the nanodots is efficient in vitro and in vivo, enabling the nanodots to be applied for photothermal acoustic imaging and antitumor therapy. Antitumor therapy results show that these nanodots are highly biocompatible photothermal agents for tumor ablation, demonstrating the feasibility of using bioinspired nanostructures of self-assembling biomaterials for biomedical photoactive applications.
Effects of III-IV linker mutations on human heart Na+ channel inactivation gating. (1994)

Na+ channel inactivation, a critical determinant of refractoriness, differs in cardiomyocytes and neurons. In rat brain type IIa (rB2a) Na+ channels, a critical residue in the cytoplasmic linker between domains III and IV regulates fast inactivation such that a Phe-->Gln substitution (F1489Q) inhibits inactivation by at least 85%. Since this residue is conserved in voltage-gated Na+ channels, we tested whether F1485Q, the analogous mutation in human heart (hH1a) Na+ channels, has a similar functional effect. We found that fast inactivation in wild-type (WT) channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes was complete within 15 milliseconds at a test potential of 0 mV, and its time course was biexponential with time constants of 0.4 and 2 milliseconds. But in contrast to rB2a, the FQ mutation inhibited inactivation by < 50% and increased mean single-channel open time by only twofold. Residual fast inactivation was monoexponential, with a time constant similar to that of the slower phase of normal inactivation (2 milliseconds). In the mutant channels, unlike WT, null tracings were absent at holding potentials in the range of -140 to -120 mV, and the voltage range of steady-state inactivation coincided exactly with that of activation, suggesting that residual inactivation was tightly coupled to the open state. As in rB2a, simultaneous mutations of I1484Q and M1486Q, in addition to mutation F1485Q, completely inhibited fast inactivation. Our results show that in heart Na+ channels, the IFM cluster controls the stability of both open- and closed-channel inactivation in a manner qualitatively similar to that in the brain. Structural differences in the putative inactivation receptor may explain the distinct gating patterns in channel subtypes.
Detection of Alpher-Rubin attenuation and a search for nuclear acoustic resonance of surface waves in tantalum films (1989)

The first observation of Alpher-Rubin attenuation of surface acoustic waves is reported. The surface waves were propagated on an ST-cut quartz substrate, and absorption occurred in a 10-\ensuremath{\mu}m tantalum film due to the surface-wave-driven oscillation of conduction electrons in an external 24-kG magnetic field. A scaling law is derived that relates attenuation coefficients of bulk and surface waves. Unsuccessful searches were made for nuclear acoustic resonance (NAR) of surface waves due to electric quadrupole transitions of $^{181}\mathrm{Ta}$ and magnetic dipole transitions of $^{1}\mathrm{H}$. Theoretical estimates of the attenuation of surface waves agree with the observed Alpher-Rubin effect and indicate that the NAR signal was less than the noise.