gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectral reflectance of the seagrasses: <i>Thalassia testudinum</i>, <i>Halodule wrightii</i>, <i>Syringodium filiforme</i> and five marine algae (2007)

Spectral reflectance of three Western Atlantic subtropical/tropical dominant benthic seagrasses (Thalassia testudinum, Halodule wrightii and Syringodium filiforme) measured in the laboratory by UNIspec Spectral Analysis system over 400–1000 nm are compared to five Western Atlantic dominant benthic and intertidal algae (Fucus vesiculosus, Ulva lactuca, Halimeda incrassata, Udotea flabellum and Penicillus capitatus). Thalassia spectra are also compared to previously studied forest species, showing that the spectral reflectance signature of Thalassia was of the same general shape as forest species, but of lesser peak height (18% vs 28–50%) in the 750–759 nm range. For marine plants, near‐infrared reflectance of Thalassia, Syringodium and Halodule was intermediate (18%) between the ubiquitous green alga Ulva (15%) and the temperate brown alga, Fucus (27%). The brown alga had a unique spectral signature in the first difference spectrum (three secondary peaks at differing spectral values than the other species' secondary peaks). Comparisons between Halodule, Syringodium and Thalassia near‐infrared peaks and Halimeda (58%), Penicillus (29%) and Udotea (42%), subtropical/tropical algae, were also carried out. Halimeda differed most from the other green algae in terms of numerous oscillations from 450 to 700 nm seen in the first difference spectrum. The three seagrasses were similar in spectral reflectance curve shape to one another but differed somewhat in peak height. The first difference spectrum was helpful in pointing out subtle differences among the species and between algae and seagrass. Spectral reflectance data such as those presented here appear potentially useful for remote sensing of shallow habitats, and may additionally be used to monitor their health.
Réalisation et caractérisation de microélectrodes de pH : Application au contrôle qualité du greffon de la cornée (2007)

Après le prélèvement d’une cornée pour un greffage éventuel, celle-ci est conservée dans un milieu de culture. Lors de cette conservation il existe un risque de contamination bactériologique. Elle se manifeste par une variation locale de pH de la cornée lorsqu’elle est colonisée par les bactéries. Dans ce contexte nous avons conçu un système de mesures ponctuelles du pH de la cornée. Nous décrirons les étapes qui nous ont permis d’atteindre cet objectif. La miniaturisation de ce capteur de pH potentiométrique tout solide offre la possibilité de mesurer des pH ou un gradient de pH dans plusieurs autres domaines. Son originalité réside dans l’utilisation de polymères transducteurs électro-déposés présentant une sensibilité Nernstienne.
An FPTAS for batch scheduling with deterioration effect (2012)

This paper considers scheduling linear deteriorating jobs on a single machine. The jobs are processed in batches and the objective is to minimize the makespan. Linear deterioration effect means that job's actual processing time is a linear increasing function on its waiting time, i.e., the time between the execution of the batch to which the job belongs and the job's starting time. We propose a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme (FPTAS) to show the problem is NP-hard in the ordinary sense.
Digital holographic interferometric characterization of bent optical fibers (2009)

The cross-sectional refractive index distribution is the most important parameter for optical fibers. If fibers are bent, birefringence occurs and the refractive index distribution is changed, which may lead to malfunction. Thus there is great interest in the exact knowledge of this parameter. Here we describe the precise characterization of bent optical fibers by digital holographic interferometry. In a Mach–Zehnder-like arrangement, phase shifting digital holography is employed. By means of a mutual tilt of the mirrors, a carrier of controllable orientation and spatial frequency is introduced. A strategy for an evaluation of the phase shifted holograms is presented, which contains image enhancement and noise reduction steps. It is shown how different orientations of the carrier fringes relative to the fiber orientation lead to a variation of the fringes, but, in each case, to an accurate measured refractive index distribution.
Sustainable reservoir operation (2007)

Reservoir releases are typically operated to maximize the efficiency of hydropower production and the value of hydropower produced. In practice, ecological considerations are limited to those required by law. We first describe reservoir optimization methods that include mandated constraints on environmental and other water uses. Next, we describe research to formulate and solve reservoir optimization problems involving both energy and environmental water needs as objectives. Evaluating ecological objectives is a challenge in these problems for several reasons. First, it is difficult to predict how biological populations will respond to flow release patterns. This problem can be circumvented by using ecological models. Second, most optimization methods require complex ecological responses to flow to be quantified by a single metric, preferably a currency that can also represent hydropower benefits. Ecological valuation of instream flows can make optimization methods that require a single currency for the effects of flow on energy and river ecology possible. Third, holistic reservoir optimization problems are unlikely to be structured such that simple solution methods can be used, necessitating the use of flexible numerical methods. One strong advantage of optimal control is the ability to plan for the effects of climate change. We present ideas for developing holisticmore » methods to the point where they can be used for real-time operation of reservoirs. We suggest that developing ecologically sound optimization tools should be a priority for hydropower in light of the increasing value placed on sustaining both the ecological and energy benefits of riverine ecosystems long into the future.« less
Hierarchical Bayesian approach for jointly-sparse solution of multiple-measurement vectors (2014)

It is well-known that many signals of interest can be well-estimated via just a small number of supports under some specific basis. Here, we consider finding sparse solution for Multiple Measurement Vectors (MMVs) in case of having both jointly sparse and clumpy structure. Most of the previous work for finding such sparse representations are based on greedy and sub-optimal algorithms such as Basis Pursuit (BP), Matching Pursuit (MP), and Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP). In this paper, we first propose a hierarchical Bayesian model to deal with MMVs that have jointly-sparse structure in their solutions. Then, the model is modified to account for clumps of the neighbor supports (block sparsity) in the solution structure, as well. Several examples are considered to illustrate the merit of the proposed hierarchical Bayesian model compared to OMP and a modified version of the OMP algorithm.
High temperature gas phase syntheses of C20H12 cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: benz[l ]acephenanthrylene and benz[ j ]acephenanthrylene and their selective rearrangement to benzo[ j ]fluoranthene (1997)

The novel C20H12 cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benz[l]acephenanthrylene (2) and its isomer benz[j]acephenanthrylene (3) have been obtained by flash vacuum thermolysis of 2-(1-chloroethenyl)benzo[c]phenanthrene (6) and 6-(1-chloroethenyl)chrysene (7), respectively. At T 900 °C 2 and T 1000 °C 3 rearrange selectively to the abundant combustion effluent benzo[j]fluoranthene (1). No evidence for the presence of the related rearrangement products benz[l]aceanthrylene (12) and benz[j]aceanthrylene (13), respectively, is found. Semi-empirical AM1 calculations provide a rationalization for these observations; the conversion of 2 and 3 into 1, instead of 12 and 13, respectively, via consecutive ring-contraction–ring-expansion processes and vice versa is favoured.
Optimizing the Efficiency of Electro-Hydraulic Powertrains (2006)

The evolution of the hydrostatic transmission system from mechanical systems to electronically controlled systems creates opportunity for improvements in efficiency through the use of intelligent control algorithms. In systems for which the prime mover is an internal combustion (IC) engine, overall system efficiency depends greatly on the prime mover's operating conditions. The use of variable displacement pumps can add a degree of freedom and allow engine operation to be optimized. However, this strategy requires a desired engine power value based on operating states and load references. This paper proposes a novel solution to this problem by using a dynamic engine power demand estimate to meet steady-state load demands using minimal engine power.
Paul Ricœur, lecteur du Grand Code (2000)

The biblical hermeneutics of Paul Ricœur has for a long time been characterized by a model of comprehension within which (structural) explanation was a strong exigiency. This model was due to the fact that his general hermenutics of texts had the Leitmotiv «to explain in order to understand ». Through reading the work of N. F rye (The Great Code), the philosopher moves to a more flexible, model of comprehension : to understand is now a joint act of the text and the reader. The effect of this movement is to bring Ricœur' s biblical hermeneutics in line with his philosophical hermeneutics.
Intrapartum translabial ultrasound (ITU): sonographic landmarks and correlation with successful vacuum extraction (2006)

ITU provides objective information on the dynamics of the second stage of labor, head station and head direction. ITU may be used to assess the prognosis for operative vaginal delivery.
Inhibition of cAMP-Mediated Decidualization in Human Endometrial Stromal Cells by IL-1β and Laminin (1999)

Both IL-1 and laminin are reported to inhibit progesterone receptor-mediated decidualization signals in endometrial stromal cells, but the effects of these two inhibitors on cAMP-mediated decidualization signals remain unknown. Furthermore, the interaction between IL-1-stimulated and laminin-stimulated signals has not been analyzed yet. In this study, interactions between these two decidualization-inhibitory signals and their effects on 8-Br-cAMP-mediated decidualization in human endometrial stromal cells were investigated. Prolactin release from decidualized stromal cells was measured by enzyme immunoassay in order to quantitate in vitro decidualization. Both IL-1beta and laminin were found to inhibit 8-Br-cAMP-induced decidualization in vitro in human endometrial stromal cells. IL-1beta dose-dependently inhibited decidualization of stromal cells cultured on both laminin-coated and collagen-coated dishes, while laminin inhibited the decidualization of stromal cells cultured both with and without IL-1beta. These results indicate that IL-1beta and laminin additively and mutually inhibit cAMP-mediated decidualization signals, and that they may inhibit these signals through different mechanisms.
Changes in blood gas and acid-base values of bovine venous blood during storage (1990)

The stability of blood gas and acid-base values in bovine venous blood samples (n = 22) stored on ice for 3, 6, 9, or 24 hours was studied. Values studied include pH, PO2 and PCO2 tensions, base excess, standard base excess, bicarbonate concentration, standard bicarbonate concentration, total carbon dioxide content, oxygen saturation, and hemoglobin. The results indicate that, except for PCO2, changes in blood gas and acid-base values during 24 hours of storage and differences between cattle of differing ages, rectal temperatures, and acid-base status were too small to be of clinical significance. Therefore, bovine venous blood samples stored up to 24 hours on ice are of diagnostic utility.
Optical Manipulation with Counter Propagating Helical Beams (2010)

We present a novel method for using mutiple beams to exert optical forces using holographically generated phase masks. Here we use counter propagating helical modes with opposite charge to manipulate mesoscopic paticles.
Graft failure after T-cell-depleted human leukocyte antigen identical marrow transplants for leukemia: I. Analysis of risk factors and results of secondary transplants (1989)

Risk factors for graft failure were analyzed in 122 recipients of an allogeneic T-cell-depleted human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibling marrow transplant as treatment for leukemia. In each case pretransplant immunosuppression included 1,375 to 1,500 cGy hyperfractionated total body irradiation and cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg/d x 2). No patient received immunosuppression prosttransplant for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Nineteen patients in this group experienced graft failure. The major factors associated with graft failure were transplants from male donors and the age of the patient (or donor). Among male recipients of male donor-derived grafts a low dose per kilogram of nucleated cells, progenitor cells (colony forming unit-GM) and T cells was also associated with graft failure. Additional irradiation to 1,500 cGy, high dose corticosteroids posttransplant, and additional peripheral blood donor T cells did not decrease the incidence of graft failure. In addition, type of leukemia, time from diagnosis to transplant, an intact spleen, or the presence of antidonor leukocyte antibodies did not correlate with graft failure. To ensure engraftment of secondary transplants, further immunosuppression was necessary but was poorly tolerated. However, engraftment and survival could be achieved with an immunosuppressive regimen in which antithymocyte globulin and high dose methylprednisolone were administered both before and after infusions of secondary partially T- cell-depleted marrow grafts.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW METHOD FOR THE CONVERSION OF NITRO GROUPS INTO CARBONYLS (1974)

Abstract Nitro‐propan (I) reagiert mit Methylvinylketon (II) zu einem Addukt (III), das mit TiCl 3 /H 2 O zum Diketon (IV) oxidiert und hydratisiert wird.
Antibacterial Activity of Indian Borage (Plectranthus amboinicus Benth) Leaf Extracts in Food Systems and Against Natural Microflora in Chicken Meat (2016)

The ability of acetone and ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves of a traditional Indian medicinal plant, Indian borage (Plectranthus amboinicus Benth) to prevent spoilage of artificially inoculated model food systems (cabbage and papaya) and natural microflora of chicken meat was evaluated. These extracts were able to reduce the bacterial counts in all food systems; however, the effective concentration varied with the complexity of the system (in descending order: cabbage, papaya and chicken). A probable mode of action of extracts was investigated by analyzing the changes they cause in bacterial cell wall and leakage of nucleic acid from bacterial cells. Both acetone and ethyl acetate extracts at their respective minimum inhibitory concentrations resulted in leakage of cell constituents to an extent of 40 to 80 and 60 to 95 %, respectively, compared to the control, and finally leading to disintegration of cell walls. These findings indicate the potential use of ethyl acetate and acetone extracts of Indian borage leaves in food preservation.
Slowing the translocation of single-stranded DNA by using nano-cylindrical passage self-assembled by amphiphilic block copolymers (2016)

We report a novel approach to slow the translocation of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) by employing polyethylene oxide (PEO) filled nano-cylindrical domains as transportation channels. DNA strands were demonstrated to electrophoretically translocate through PEO filled cylindrical domains with diameters of 2 and 9 nm, which were self-assembled by amphiphilic liquid crystalline block copolymers. The average translocation rate of ssDNA strands was effectively reduced to an order of 10 μs per nucleotide, which was 1-2 orders slower than that attained by utilizing conventional solid-state nanopore devices.
Deficiency of the B Cell-Activating Factor Receptor Results in Limited CD169+ Macrophage Function during Viral Infection (2015)

The B cell-activating factor (BAFF) is critical for B cell development and humoral immunity in mice and humans. While the role of BAFF in B cells has been widely described, its role in innate immunity remains unknown. Using BAFF receptor (BAFFR)-deficient mice, we characterized BAFFR-related innate and adaptive immune functions following infection with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). We identified a critical role for BAFFR signaling in the generation and maintenance of the CD169+ macrophage compartment. Consequently, Baffr-/- mice exhibited limited induction of innate type I interferon production after viral infection. Lack of BAFFR signaling reduced virus amplification and presentation following viral infection, resulting in highly reduced antiviral adaptive immune responses. As a consequence, BAFFR-deficient mice showed exacerbated and fatal disease after viral infection. Mechanistically, transient lack of B cells in Baffr-/- animals resulted in limited lymphotoxin expression, which is critical for maintenance of CD169+ cells. In conclusion, BAFFR signaling affects both innate and adaptive immune activation during viral infections.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON EPOXIDEN MIT 1,4‐BENZODIAZEPINEN, MECHANISMUS UND STRUKTURAUFKLAERUNG (1971)

Abstract Die Addition von Äthylenoxid (II) an das Benzodiazepinon (I) ergibt in Gev genwart von Al‐chlorid über Nacht das Additionsprodukt (III) (Ausbeute 74%), 3 das auch aus dem Benzoylanilid (IV) mit Äthanolamin erhalten wird (38,5%).
Uppgradering av Visual Basic 6.0-applikation till programvaruplattformen .NET (2002)

Eurosys AB is a software engineering company which for a long time have developed applications in Visual Basic 6.0. They now feel that they have to make their applications platform independent. Eurosys was interested in the .NET platform and its possibilities, which led to the idea of our dissertation. The standard ECMA-335 defines a platform, Common Language Infrastructure, which technique makes the applications independent of operating system and processor architechture. The Common Language Runtime in Microsoft .NET Framework is Microsoft’s implementation of the ECMA-335 standard. The purpose of the dissertation was to describe possibilities of converting Visual Basic 6.0 applications to .NET applications. This would give companies like Eurosys a general description of such conversions. The upgrade work of a booking system that Eurosys has developed was meant to show the advantages and disadvantages of such a work. The hypothesis in our dissertation covers the most suitable programming language for Eurosys to use when converting their Visual Basic 6.0 applications to .NET applications. We considered Visual Basic .NET to be the most suitable programming language for Eurosys. The hypothesis was found to be a correct assumption.
Unique Regenerative Mechanism to Replace Bone Lost During Dietary Bone Depletion in Weanling Mice (2017)

The present study was undertaken to determine the mechanism whereby calcitropic hormones and mesenchymal stem cell progeny changes are involved in bone repletion, a regenerative bone process that restores the bone lost to calcium deficiency. To initiate depletion, weanling mice with a mixed C57BL/6 (75%) and CD1 (25%) genetic background were fed a calcium-deficient diet (0.01%) for 14 days. For repletion, the mice were fed a control diet containing 1.2% calcium for 14 days. Depletion decreased plasma calcium and increased plasma parathyroid hormone, 1,25(OH) 2 D (calcitriol), and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen. These plasma parameters quickly returned toward normal on repletion. The trabecular bone volume and connectivity decreased drastically during depletion but were completely restored by the end of repletion. This bone repletion process largely resulted from the development of new bone formation. When bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered in the middle of depletion for 3 days and examined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting at 7 days into repletion, substantial increases in BrdU incorporation were seen in several CD105 subsets of cells of osteoblastic lineage. When BrdU was administered on days 1 to 3 of repletion and examined 11 days later, no increases in BrdU were seen in these subsets. Additionally, osteocytes that stained positively for BrdU were increased during depletion. In conclusion, the results of the present study have established a unique regenerative mechanism to initiate bone repair during the bone insult. Calcium homeostatic mechanisms and the bone repletion mechanism are opposing functions but are simultaneously orchestrated such that both endpoints are optimized. These results have potential clinical relevance for disease entities such as type 2 osteoporosis.
Distance keeping for underwater vehicles - tuning Kalman filters using self-oscillations (2009)

This paper describes the use of Kalman filtering in distance keeping for underwater vehicles. The vision-based distance keeping module has been mounted on a micro-ROV equipped with a camera. Distance from a plane-like obstacle is determined on the basis of the laser dot projections within the frame. Since these measurements are not reliable a Kalman filter is designed - unknown dynamic model parameters are determined using the self-oscillation experiments which prove to be simple and time preserving. Finally, an I-PD controller is designed based on the Kalman filter estimates. The main task of the controller is to keep the vehicle perpendicular to the surface at a desired distance.
Chemie und Verwendung flüssiger Kristalle (1973)

Abstract Rund 5% aller organischen Verbindungen gehen am Schmelzpunkt in flüssige Kristalle über – thermodynamisch stabile, anisotrope Flüssigkeiten, die im Gegensatz zu isotropen Schmelzen trüb erscheinen und auch Zwischen‐ oder Mesophasen genannt werden. Je nach Anordnung der Moleküle in solchen Schmelzen unterscheidet man smektische, nematische und cholesterische flüssig‐kristalline Phasen. Die Entdeckung vielseitiger Anwendungsmöglichkeiten derartiger Phasen hat das Gebiet der flüssigen Kristalle in den letzten zehn Jahren aus dem Schattendasein einer wissenschaftlichen Kuriosität in den Brennpunkt des Interesses vieler Arbeitsgruppen gerückt. Besonders erfolgversprechend erscheint die Anwendung in Anzeigesystemen für Meßwerte sowie Rechner‐ und Prozeßdaten, ferner für fernbediente Fahr‐ und Flugpläne, für Fenster variabler Lichtdurchlässigkeit usw. Neben der Darstellung von Schwarzweiß‐Kontrasten ist auch die Erzeugung von Farben möglich.
Day surgery, variations in routines and practices a questionnaire survey (2013)

We found that regime for day surgical anaesthesia practice varied between as well as within countries. There is obvious room for further research on how to achieve safe and cost-effective logistics and practice for day case surgery.