gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A working-set approach to reduce the download-execution time of mobile programs (2003)

The on-demand downloading of application code over a wireless network is an emerging paradigm for the distributed environment of mobile computing devices. In this environment, a user must wait while a mobile computing device fetches the application code over the network prior to execution. To reduce this downloading latency, we have developed a download approach based on working sets, and have designed and implemented a working-set generator that defines working sets by focusing on the intervals during which a program refers to junctions, variables, and constants. The program invocation times with this approach, simulated using trace information obtained from actual program behavior on Linux, have been compared with those of all-at-once, page, class, and symbol download approaches. This simulation showed that the working-set approach can reduce the download-execution time compared to that with the four other approaches.
Quantification of cerebral perfusion using arterial spin labeling: Two‐compartment models (2005)

One of the advantages of arterial spin labeling (ASL) techniques over other techniques for measuring cerebral perfusion is that with ASL it is possible to achieve accurate quantification. This is particularly useful in the field of functional imaging, where accurate measurements of perfusion change can help untangle the complex physiological changes that occur following neuronal activation. However, the linearity of the perfusion estimate over a wide range of perfusion values may be more important than absolute values. For several years, single-compartment models have dominated the literature, and it has been assumed that the labeled water diffuses freely throughout the tissue voxel. However, recent work, as summarized in this review, has shown that this assumption is inaccurate and leads to an overestimation of perfusion at low perfusion rates, and an underestimation at high rates. The inclusion of restricted permeability of the capillary wall to water in a two-compartment model offers improved quantification.
Dairy technology and management practices in the 1990s (1999)

Increasing competitiveness through improved productivity on Australian dairy farms is an ongoing objective of the Dairy Research and Development Corporation. One way that dairy farmers can achieve this objective is by adopting new technologies and better management practices.
HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY (1966)

The applications and techniques of high temperature gas chromatography(column temperature above 250℃)were briefly reviewed.Eight stationary phases,such as methyl silicone elastomer of molecular weight 620,000,Apiezon L,Fluoro-rubber 246,Reoplex 400,LAC-3R-728,ethylene glycol distearate,1,2,3,4-tetra(2-cyanoethoxy)butane,polyethylene glycol succinate,and six solid supports,such as Hyfro Super-Cel,Celite 545, Support 6201,“glazing”support,glass beads and hexamethyldisilazane treated firebrick, were selected for the investigation of their chromatographic properties under column temperature above 250℃.
Engagement of Fas on Macrophages Modulates Poly I:C Induced Cytokine Production with Specific Enhancement of IP-10 (2015)

Viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is recognised by pathogen recognition receptors such as Toll-Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) and retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I), and results in cytokine and interferon production. Fas, a well characterised death receptor, has recently been shown to play a role in the inflammatory response. In this study we investigated the role of Fas in the anti-viral immune response. Stimulation of Fas on macrophages did not induce significant cytokine production. However, activation of Fas modified the response of macrophages to the viral dsRNA analogue poly I:C. In particular, poly I:C-induced IP-10 production was significantly enhanced. A similar augmentation of IP-10 by Fas was observed following stimulation with both poly A:U and Sendai virus. Fas activation suppressed poly I:C-induced phosphorylation of the MAP kinases p38 and JNK, while overexpression of the Fas adaptor protein, Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD), activated AP-1 and inhibited poly I:C-induced IP-10 production. Consistent with an inhibitory role for AP-1 in IP-10 production, mutation of the AP-1 binding site on the IP-10 promoter resulted in augmented poly I:C-induced IP-10. These results demonstrate that engagement of the Fas receptor plays a role in modifying the innate immune response to viral RNA.
Clinical decision‐making in the context of chronic illness (2000)

This paper develops a framework to compare clinical decision making in relation to chronic and acute medical conditions. Much of the literature on patient-physician decision making has focused on acute and often life-threatening medical situations in which the patient is highly dependent upon the expertise of the physician in providing the therapeutic options. Decision making is often constrained and driven by the overwhelming impact of the acute medical problem on all aspects of the individual's life. With chronic conditions, patients are increasingly knowledgeable, not only about their medical conditions, but also about traditional, complementary, and alternative therapeutic options. They must make multiple and repetitive decisions, with variable outcomes, about how they will live with their chronic condition. Consequently, they often know more than attending treatment personnel about their own situations, including symptoms, responses to previous treatment, and lifestyle preferences. This paper compares the nature of the illness, the characteristics of the decisions themselves, the role of the patient, the decision-making relationship, and the decision-making environment in acute and chronic illnesses. The author argues for a different understanding of the decision-making relationships and processes characteristic in chronic conditions that take into account the role of trade-offs between medical regimens and lifestyle choices in shaping both the process and outcomes of clinical decision-making. The paper addresses the concerns of a range of professional providers and consumers.
Comments on “Joint Vendor–Buyer Policy in JIT Manufacturing” (1997)

No abstract
Diagnosis of breast cancer by X‐ray diffraction of hair (2007)

This article presents the results of analyses of hair fibers from women with breast cancer using synchrotron-derived X-ray diffraction. These diffraction patterns contained a new feature superimposed on the normal diffraction pattern of alpha-keratin. The feature appeared as a ring with a molecular spacing determined to be 4.76 +/- 0.07 nm. This feature was not present in the diffraction patterns of hair from women without breast cancer as assessed by other routine clinical diagnostic techniques. Furthermore, different hairs from the same subject analysed on two different synchrotron beamlines give remarkably consistent diffraction patterns. Previous studies by other investigators have suggested that analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns of hair can reveal the presence of breast cancer in clinical and preclinical trials. This finding, however, has not been independently confirmed. The methodologies of sample handling, sample exposure and image analysis are known to be vital. We discuss some of these issues and provide a detailed description of the methodology employed for the sample handling and image analysis and new methodologies developed from this work. We conclude that X-ray diffraction of hair has the potential to provide a non-invasive test for the presence of breast cancer.
On the low-frequency EMI response of coincident loops over a conductive and permeable soil and corresponding background reduction schemes (2004)

The performance of metal detectors (low-frequency electromagnetic induction (EMI) devices) employed for landmine and ordnance detection is well known to be adversely affected by the soil response, a fact which is, however, not very often considered in the scientific literature. We have, therefore, started from the analytical model of a frequency domain coincident loop system over a homogeneous half-space to calculate directly the voltage induced in the system's receive coil, for a number of scenarios and soil parameters of interest, and with emphasis on the operating conditions prevailing in humanitarian demining applications. The role of the soil's permeability , which heavily affects the real part of the system's response function, has been clearly shown (plateau effect at low-frequencies), as well as the effects of changes in the detector's height . Some of the background rejection techniques used in practice, in particular frequency differencing methods to suppress the effect of magnetic and/or conductive soil, have been described as well, and two of them studied in more detail, including the unavoidable target response reduction. Finally, we have briefly dealt with the effect of a conductive soil on the primary and scattered fields themselves, which could affect in a nonadditive way the target signature. Practical background information and an extensive list of references complement the paper.
Specific IgA and IgG antibodies in the secretions of the female reproductive tract: effects of immunization and estradiol on expression of this response in vivo. (1987)

Uterine and vaginal secretions collected from intact adult female rats were analyzed to determine whether immunization at sites distal to the reproductive tract had any effect on the presence of specific IgA and IgG antibodies in genital tract secretions. Peyer's patch and i.p. immunization and boost with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) stimulated the appearance of specific IgA antibodies in uterine and vaginal secretions of uterine-ligated animals. IgG antibodies were also induced in uterine but not in vaginal secretions. In contrast, subcutaneous immunization and boost elicited a weak IgA uterine and IgG vaginal response. To establish the role of estradiol in regulating the presence of specific antibodies in the female genital tract, ovariectomized rats received primary and/or secondary Peyer's patch immunizations with hormone treatment. Administration of estradiol daily for 3 days before sacrifice resulted in a significant accumulation of IgA and IgG antibodies to SRBC in uterine secretions. In the absence of estradiol, antibody content was negligible. Vaginal antibody levels were also clearly influenced by estradiol. In contrast to the uterus, however, specific IgA and IgG antibodies were present in the vaginal secretions of saline-injected immunized animals and were markedly inhibited in animals treated with estradiol. These results indicate that antibodies in genital tract secretions can be induced by immunization of the Peyer's patches and that their presence in uterine secretions is clearly dependent on estradiol. Further, they indicate that gut-derived specific antibodies enter the vagina in the absence of hormone stimulation and that estradiol exerts an inhibitory effect on their presence in vaginal secretions.
Structures of [M(Ura‐H)(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>n</sub>]<sup>+</sup> (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba; <i>n</i> = 1–3) complexes in the gas phase by IRMPD spectroscopy and theoretical studies (2016)

The structures of singly and doubly (and for Mg, triply) hydrated group 2 metal dications bound to deprotonated uracil were explored in the gas phase using infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy in the mid-infrared region (1000-1900 cm(-1) ) and the O-H/N-H stretching region (2700-3800 cm(-1) ) in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. The infrared multiple photon dissociation spectra were then compared with the computed IR spectra for various isomers. Calculations were performed using B3LYP with the 6-31 + G(d,p) basis set for all atoms except Ba(2+) and Sr(2+) , for which the LANL2DZ or the def2-TZVPP basis sets with relativistic core potentials were used. Atoms-in-molecules analysis was conducted for all lowest energy structures. The lowest energy isomers in all cases are those in which the one uracil is deprotonated at the N3 position, and the metal is coordinated to the N3 and O4 of uracil. Regardless of the degree of solvation, all water molecules are bound to the metal ion and participate in a hydrogen bond with a carbonyl of the uracil moiety.
Read-the-game skill evaluation by analyzing head orientation in immersive VR (2017)

This paper proposes a Virtual Reality (VR) system that allows both players and coaches to measure Active Visual Exploratory Activity patterns (AVEA). The main purpose of the system is to analyze the ability to “read the game” of soccer players under pressure. By making use of Head Mounted Display (HMD) technology and its head tracking capabilities, the users experience an in-game situation. They are set in the place of a defender with ball possession before making a passing decision while being pressured by a rival player. Therefore, being forced to make quick decisions based on visual information. By extracting the motion tracking data of the HMD, the gazing direction of the user is saved and divided in three zones of interest. A trial test was carried (N=10) to evaluate the system and the IPQ questionnaire was applied post session for analyzing AVEA performance and presence relationship.
Lasting Effects of Preterm Birth and Neonatal Brain Hemorrhage at 12 Years of Age (2009)

Preterm children born in the early 1990s, especially those with severe brain injury, demonstrate serious deficits in their neuropsychological profile, which translates into increased use of school services at 12 years.
Overview of MicroRNA Biogenesis, Mechanisms of Actions, and Circulation (2018)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that play important roles in regulating gene expression. The majority of miRNAs are transcribed from DNA sequences into primary miRNAs and processed into precursor miRNAs, and finally mature miRNAs. In most cases, miRNAs interact with the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of target mRNAs to induce mRNA degradation and translational repression. However, interaction of miRNAs with other regions, including the 5' UTR, coding sequence, and gene promoters, have also been reported. Under certain conditions, miRNAs can also activate translation or regulate transcription. The interaction of miRNAs with their target genes is dynamic and dependent on many factors, such as subcellular location of miRNAs, the abundancy of miRNAs and target mRNAs, and the affinity of miRNA-mRNA interactions. miRNAs can be secreted into extracellular fluids and transported to target cells via vesicles, such as exosomes, or by binding to proteins, including Argonautes. Extracellular miRNAs function as chemical messengers to mediate cell-cell communication. In this review, we provide an update on canonical and non-canonical miRNA biogenesis pathways and various mechanisms underlying miRNA-mediated gene regulations. We also summarize the current knowledge of the dynamics of miRNA action and of the secretion, transfer, and uptake of extracellular miRNAs.
Metabolic Regulation of Immune Responses (2014)

The immune system defends against pathogens and maintains tissue homeostasis for the life of the organism. These diverse functions are bioenergetically expensive, requiring precise control of cellular metabolic pathways. Although initial observations in this area were made almost a century ago, studies over the past decade have elucidated the molecular basis for how extracellular signals control the uptake and catabolism of nutrients in quiescent and activated immune cells. Collectively, these studies have revealed that the metabolic pathways of oxidative metabolism, glycolysis, and glutaminolysis preferentially fuel the cell fate decisions and effector functions of immune cells. Here, we discuss these findings and provide a general framework for understanding how metabolism fuels and regulates the maturation of immune responses. A better understanding of the metabolic checkpoints that control these transitions might provide new insights for modulating immunity in infection, cancer, or inflammatory disorders.
On Achievable Rates and Complexity of LDPC Codes for Parallel Channels with Application to Puncturing (2005)

This paper considers the achievable rates and decoding complexity of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes over statistically independent parallel channels. The paper starts with the derivation of bounds on the conditional entropy of the transmitted codeword given the received sequence at the output of the parallel channels; the component channels are considered to be memoryless, binary-input, and output-symmetric (MBIOS). These results serve for the derivation of an upper bound on the achievable rates of ensembles of LDPC codes under optimal maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding when their transmission takes place over parallel MBIOS channels. The paper relies on the latter bound for obtaining upper bounds on the achievable rates of ensembles of randomly and intentionally punctured LDPC codes over MBIOS channels. The paper also provides a lower bound on the decoding complexity (per iteration) of ensembles of LDPC codes under message-passing iterative decoding over parallel MBIOS channels; the bound is given in terms of the gap between the rate of these codes for which reliable communication is achievable and the channel capacity. The paper presents a diagram which shows interconnections between the theorems introduced in this paper and some other previously reported results. The setting which serves for the derivation of the bounds on the achievable rates and decoding complexity is general, and the bounds can be applied to other scenarios which can be treated as different forms of communication over parallel channels.
Reducing Oscillations During Positioning of A Servomechanism Having Flexibility (2012)

Reducing Oscillations During Positioning of A Servomechanism Having Flexibility This contribution describes the method of harmonic modulation of a velocity set-point signal in control to reduce undesirable oscillations. Especially the combination of this method with the well known input shaping method is of interest. Such a solution seeks for instance to a control structure used for servomechanisms equipped with a gear-box or namely mechatronic drives (MDs); where undesirable oscillations in transient- as well as semi-steady-states could arise. The combination of the methods has been proofed under real conditions in an experimental setup. Based on this, simulations regarding different industry demands and the proper choice of the modulation signal types will be introduced. Further it will be discussed which modulation signal should be used for the corresponding ie industrial demands. Both proposed methods are in the category of feed-forward-control which led to a practical implementation where no additional sensor (for measuring these undesirable effects) is needed to improve the system dynamics.
New Approaches to the Total Synthesis of the Bryostatin Antitumor Macrolides (2010)

In this Focus Review, we give an overview of various bryostatin total syntheses. We also discuss the synthesis of various bryostatin analogues and their biological activity. Work reviewed includes that of Masamune, Evans, Nishiyama and Yamamura, Hale and Manaviazar, Trost, Wender, Keck, Burke, Thomas, and Krische. Our coverage is primarily for the period 2001-2009, since detailed reviews already exist on bryostatin total synthesis work and biology up to this time.
Frequency-selective scintillation effects and decision feedback equalization in high data-rate satellite links (1983)

Ionospheric irregularities produce signal amplitude and phase scintillations in transionospheric satellite channels. When the electron-density fluctuation is large, the channel coherence bandwidth is small, causing the scintillations to decorrelate at different frequencies within the bandwidth of a wide-band signal. Frequency-selective scintillation introduces delay spread and intersymbol interference, which can severely limit the usable capacity of the channel. This paper, largely tutorial in nature, relates adaptive equalization techniques, which have been developed previously for other dispersive channels, to the problem of wide-band satellite links operating through a highly disturbed transionospheric channel. Pertinent features of the ionospheric channel and characteristics of signal scintillations are summarized. Effects of frequency-selective scintillation on high data-rate wide-bandwidth digital communication links are described in some detail. Intersymbol interference caused by the loss of channel coherence over the signal bandwidth is shown, via simulations, to severely degrade the performance of a conventional coherent binary PSK receiver. An adaptive decision feedback equalization technique is then shown to be a powerful method of mitigating frequency-selective disturbances in high data-rate satellite links.
A flexible extended warranty and related optimal strategies (2006)

Abstract The choice of extended warranties (EWs) currently available to consumers is extremely limited. Their EW purchase decisions have to be made at or very close to the time that they purchase the products and, at this point, they are uncertain about item reliability, future operating costs, and usage time before replacement. In this paper, we discuss an EW that offers more flexibility and we investigate optimal pricing strategies for the EW provider and optimal maintenance and replacement strategies for the consumer.
The K-winners-take-all neural network of classification (2013)

The K-Winner-Take-All (KWTA) classifier is presented in this article. Its architecture is demonstrated. The basic steps of KWTA classifier are described. Its algorithm is presented. The KWTA structure is demonstrated. Its advantages and limitations are analyzed.
IAGO: Interactive Arbitration Guide Online (Demonstration) (2016)

Automated negotiation between two agents has been the subject of much research focused on optimization and efficiency. However, human-agent negotiation represents a field in which real-world considerations can be more fully explored. Furthermore, teaching negotiation and other interpersonal skills requires long periods of practice with open-ended dialogues and partners. The API presented in this paper represents a novel platform on which to conduct human-agent research and facilitate teaching negotiation tactics in a longitudinal way. We present a prototype demonstration that is real-time, rapidly distributable, and allows more actions than current platforms of negotiation.
Symmetric 3D passive components for RF ICs application (2003)

This paper proposes novel 3-D symmetric RF passive components, including inductors, transformers, and baluns. Layout areas of these components are drastically reduced by means of stacked structure while the symmetry of input and output ports is also maintained. The area saving of a 3-D inductor is up 70%. The 1:1 transformer shows less than 0.1 % inductance mismatch in a 18 GHz range, and K is up to 0.87 at 17 GHz. The 3-D balun manifests less than 0.8 dB gain mismatch from 5.25 GHz to 6 GHz and phase error is about 4/spl deg/ at 5.25 GHz according to measurement results. All the components are fabricated in a 0.18 /spl mu/m standard CMOS process.