gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Models for Sleep-Wake Dynamics: Comparison of the Two-Process Model and a Mutual Inhibition Neuronal Model (2014)

Sleep is essential for the maintenance of the brain and the body, yet many features of sleep are poorly understood and mathematical models are an important tool for probing proposed biological mechanisms. The most well-known mathematical model of sleep regulation, the two-process model, models the sleep-wake cycle by two oscillators: a circadian oscillator and a homeostatic oscillator. An alternative, more recent, model considers the mutual inhibition of sleep promoting neurons and the ascending arousal system regulated by homeostatic and circadian processes. Here we show there are fundamental similarities between these two models. The implications are illustrated with two important sleep-wake phenomena. Firstly, we show that in the two-process model, transitions between different numbers of daily sleep episodes can be classified as grazing bifurcations. This provides the theoretical underpinning for numerical results showing that the sleep patterns of many mammals can be explained by the mutual inhibition model. Secondly, we show that when sleep deprivation disrupts the sleep-wake cycle, ostensibly different measures of sleepiness in the two models are closely related. The demonstration of the mathematical similarities of the two models is valuable because not only does it allow some features of the two-process model to be interpreted physiologically but it also means that knowledge gained from study of the two-process model can be used to inform understanding of the behaviour of the mutual inhibition model. This is important because the mutual inhibition model and its extensions are increasingly being used as a tool to understand a diverse range of sleep-wake phenomena such as the design of optimal shift-patterns, yet the values it uses for parameters associated with the circadian and homeostatic processes are very different from those that have been experimentally measured in the context of the two-process model.
Influence of Superdisintegrants on the Rate of Drug Dissolution from Oral Solid Dosage Forms (2009)

dissolution is essential for a drug to be absorbed through the biological membranes into systemic circulation for therapeutic efficacy. Conventional tablet formulations generally require rapid disintegration to aid drug dissolution. Superdisintegrants are added to oral solid dosage formulations to facilitate disintegration. Commonly used superdisintegrants such as crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate are highly efficient at low concentration levels (2–5 w/w%) in the tablet formulation at facilitating the rate and extent of tablet disintegration. The correlation between tablet disintegration and drug dissolution, however, is not always observable (1–3).
Comments on Termination in Child, Adolescent, and Adult Analysis (1990)

Termination phenomena in the psychoanalytic treatment of children and adolescents demonstrate the obstacles and resistances to a mutually agreed ending, the importance of reality considerations as part of the decision to terminate, and "restoration to the path of progressive development" as the overarching criterion for the start of a termination phase. The assumption of continuity among developmental phases allows us to apply what we learn from child analysis to termination of adult cases, and this new perspective reinforces the idea that child analysis is an untapped source of insights into the analytic process.
MYO-ELECTRIC CONTROL OF POWERED PROSTHESES (1965)

1. A prosthesis under myo-electric control is described. 2. An advanced technique of proportional control of such a prosthesis is outlined.
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Of Coronary Arterial Tree Structure From Biplane Cineangiogram (1990)

A method of three-dimensional reconstruction of coronary artery configuration from biplane angiographic images is dis-cussed in this paper. The proposed method is based on the geonetric mathematics of X-ray imaging apparatus in cineangiogram and the tracking of leading edge of injected contrast material into each vessel for identification of corresponding points on two images taken from orthogonal views. The three-dimensional morphology of coronary artery can be obtained by this recon-struction procedure. The reconstructed arterial configuration is displayed as a shaded surface model at any arbitrary angle for viewing. Analysis of reconstructed arteries provides the useful morphologic and functional information on vascular system for diagnosis of vascular diseases.
Material Properties of Thera-Band Tubing (2001)

From the data obtained in this project, plots that can provide the therapist with information about the forces needed for exercises with Thera-Band Tubing were generated. These data should allow therapists to make better choices about which size of tubing to use for each patient.
[?쇰Ц] 援먯쑁?쒖꽕???μ긽諛⑹닔 ?댄솕??吏꾪뻾 紐⑤뜽??愿???곌뎄 (2017)

Education facilities have much affect to make a good condition for the learning environment. Therefore, various approaches have been conducted to improve the physical, social and educational achievement. Especially, the physical aspect is very important to get rid of the building defect and improve the student their learning environment. For these, it needs to explain the performance and function of components and materials, which is linked with the deterioration degree. The deterioration degree is a imperative factor to make a decision whether the component would be repaired or not and to provide the repair scope of its component. In this paper, it aimed at making the deterioration degree model of roof proof under the hypothesis of which deterioration degree would be equal the repair cost at this time. Results of the study are shown that first, the 3rd function is most proper to explain the deterioration degree model among 11 functions in view of resulted statistics. Second, the inflection of deterioration is shown at 15yr of the elementary school and 13yr of the middle and high school. This study has a limit of disclassification of the component or materials and it is, therefore, favorable to include the classification of waterproof material and work. These results would make a change from the breakdown maintenance to preventive maintenance and give a decent the learning environment for student.
Mobile-assisted language learning: A Duolingo case study (2019)

Abstract The growing availability of mobile technologies has contributed to an increase in mobile-assisted language learning in which learners can autonomously study a second language (L2) anytime or anywhere (e.g. Kukulska-Hulme, Lee & Norris, 2017; Reinders & Benson, 2017). Research investigating the effectiveness of such study for L2 learning, however, has been limited, especially regarding large-scale commercial L2 learning apps, such as Duolingo. Although one commissioned research study found favorable language learning outcomes (Vesselinov & Grego, 2012), limited independent research has reported issues related to learner persistence, motivation, and program efficacy (Lord, 2015; Nielson, 2011). The current study investigates the semester-long learning experiences and results of nine participants learning Turkish on Duolingo. The participants showed improvement on L2 measures at the end of the study, and results indicate a positive, moderate correlation between the amount of time spent on Duolingo and learning gains. In terms of perceptions of their experiences, the participants generally viewed Duolingo’s flexibility and gamification aspects positively; however, variability in motivation to study and frustration with instructional materials were also expressed.
Deporte o religión: un análisis antropológico del fútbol como fenómeno religioso (1998)

El deporte parece haberse originado en la religion, y durante mucho tiempo ha seguido manteniendo un caracter religioso, quiza por el trasfondo comun de que la religion como el deporte, es algo esencialmente social, pertenece a los individuos y en su colectividad encuentra su razon de ser. Tanto es asi que los individuos que la profesan o practican se encuentran unidos por una especie de lazos de parentesco pero de una naturaleza especial, como si formaran parte de una misma familia. En nuestro articulo pretendemos mostrar, a traves de una perspectiva antropologica, como el deporte, y en concreto el futbol sirve de valvula de escape de tensiones individuales y colectivas, utilizando procedimientos similares a los que encontramos en los fenomenos religiosos mas comunes.
Suppression of Chronic Allergic Encephalomyelitis: Relevance to Multiple Sclerosis (1978)

The expression of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in strain 13 guinea pigs was suppressed with a single series of injections of myelin basic protein in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. The suppression appeared permanent, and subsequent rechallenge with central nervous system antigen failed to elicit exacerbations.
Mitigating linked data quality issues in knowledge-intense information extraction methods (2017)

Advances in research areas such as named entity linking and sentiment analysis have triggered the emergence of knowledge-intensive information extraction methods that combine classical information extraction with background knowledge from the Web. Despite data quality concerns, linked data sources such as DBpedia, GeoNames and Wikidata which encode facts in a standardized structured format are particularly attractive for such applications.
Attentional functioning in fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, and musculoskeletal pain patients (2002)

All 3 groups of chronic pain patients, regardless of diagnosis, had impaired cognitive functioning on an ecologically sensitive neuropsychological test of everyday attention.
Preparation of Arylspiro[2.4]Hept-5-Enes from Aryldibromocyclopropanes via Diallylation and Metathesis Reaction (2006)

A series of arylspiro[2.4]hept-5-enes can be prepared from aryl-diallylcyclopropanes by using Grubbs’ catalyst in good yields.
On the Transformation of Insulin in Concentrated Solutions of Urea (1961)

Recently a report (1) was made of the ion eschange chroma-
Binding of bacteria to carbohydrates immobilized on beads to demonstrate the presence of cell‐associated hemagglutinins in <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> (1990)

We describe a phase contrast microscopy method for direct observation of classical and El Tor vibrios to agarose beads containing covalently attached L-fucose or D-mannose. Binding of the vibrios to L-fucose beads was found to correlate with fucose-sensitive agglutination of human O erythrocytes, while binding of bacteria to beads with D-mannose was consistent with mannose-sensitive agglutination of chicken erythrocytes. Furthermore, vibrios expressing both fucose and mannose-sensitive hemagglutinins adhered equally to L-fucose and D-mannose-containing beads. Because this procedure is neither subject to biological variations in different populations of erythrocytes nor affected by other factors known to interfere with hemagglutination tests, it offers a suitable, more robust and specific alternative to detect functional adhesins in Vibrio cholerae and other bacteria.
Eosinophil granule proteins and their role in disease (2001)

The eosinophil has a potent armory of proinflammatory mediators with considerable potential to initiate and sustain an inflammatory response. These include cytotoxic granule proteins, cytokines, chemokines, and lipid mediators. Eosinophils are considered important in the immune response to infection with helminthic parasitic worms. Incrementally increasing evidence supports a critical role for their proinflammatory activities in diverse human conditions, most notably in allergic diseases such as asthma. In these conditions severe tissue damage is a consequence of an inappropriate accumulation of eosinophils and the subsequent release of their highly toxic granule proteins. In addition, release of granule-associated products such as chemokines and cytokines at the sites of inflammation is likely to have significant paracrine and autocrine relevance. This review will update recent developments in understanding the role that eosinophil granule proteins play in human disease, particularly those of the respiratory tract.
Targeting Drug-Sensitive and -Resistant Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Inhibition of Src Family Kinases Lowers Disease Burden and Pathology (2016)

In view of emerging drug resistance among bacterial pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the development of novel therapeutic strategies is increasingly being sought. A recent paradigm in antituberculosis (anti-TB) drug development is to target the host molecules that are crucial for intracellular survival of the pathogen. We previously showed the importance of Src tyrosine kinases in mycobacterial pathogenesis. Here, we report that inhibition of Src significantly reduced survival of H37Rv as well as multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extremely drug-resistant (XDR) strains of M. tuberculosis in THP-1 macrophages. Src inhibition was also effective in controlling M. tuberculosis infection in guinea pigs. In guinea pigs, reduced M. tuberculosis burden due to Src inhibition also led to a marked decline in the disease pathology. In agreement with the theoretical framework of host-directed approaches against the pathogen, Src inhibition was equally effective against an XDR strain in controlling infection in guinea pigs. We propose that Src inhibitors could be developed into effective host-directed anti-TB drugs, which could be indiscriminately used against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. IMPORTANCE The existing treatment regimen for tuberculosis (TB) suffers from deficiencies like high doses of antibiotics, long treatment duration, and inability to kill persistent populations in an efficient manner. Together, these contribute to the emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Recently, several host factors were identified which help intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within the macrophage. These factors serve as attractive targets for developing alternate therapeutic strategies against M. tuberculosis. This strategy promises to be effective against drug-resistant strains. The approach also has potential to considerably lower the risk of emergence of new drug-resistant strains. We explored tyrosine kinase Src as a host factor exploited by virulent M. tuberculosis for intracellular survival. We show that Src inhibition can effectively control tuberculosis in infected guinea pigs. Moreover, Src inhibition ameliorated TB-associated pathology in guinea pigs. Thus, Src inhibitors have strong potential to be developed as possible anti-TB drugs.
[Detection of distemper virus N protein RNA in the brain of dogs with spontaneous distemper encephalitis using a digoxigenin-labeled, double-stranded DNA probe for in situ hybridization]. (1995)

A digoxigenin-labelled dsDNA-probe of 287 basepairs length complementary to the nucleoprotein-gene of canine distemper virus (CDV) was generated by the polymerase-chain-reaction. The dsDNA-probe hybridized specifically with base sequences of 8 different CDV strains, whereas no hybridization was observed with a porpoise and a canine parainfluenza virus and only a weak signal was obtained with measles virus. In formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain sections of 35 immunohistologically CDV antigen positive dogs with spontaneous distemper encephalitis CDV-RNA could be detected in 25 cases by in situ hybridization. The reason for the lack of RNA detection in some immunohistologically positive dogs may be due to the low stability of DNA-RNA-hybrids. Degradation of RNA by RNAses or diffusion out of autolysed cells can not be excluded.
Current status of targeted therapy in non small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) (2014)

Tumor tissue biomarkers are the basis for targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These biomarkers either reflect the target of the specific drug or some factor that might abrogate the effect of the drug. These targeted drugs are small-molecule inhibitors of a specific tyrosine kinase or a monoclonal antibody against a specific receptor. In this review, tissue biomarkers in NSCLC and companion diagnostics will be described, followed by an overview of targeted therapy to EGF/EGFR, HER2, VEGF/VEGFR, ALK, KRAS, BRAF, MEK and MET and some of the newer potential targets. Recent initiatives include the Lung Cancer Matrix Network, the BATTLE trials and the Lung Cancer Mutation Consortium. There are a number of key clinical trials in targeted therapy in NSCLC which will be reporting during the next year.
INTRAPOPULATION KINETICS OF THE MITOTIC CYCLE (1965)

Data obtained with time lapse cinemicrographic techniques showed that the distribution of generation times for exponentially proliferating human amnion cells in culture is skewed to the right and that reciprocals of generation times appear normally distributed. As shown for bacteria, the true age distribution is much broader than theoretical distributions which fail to take into account the dispersion of generation times. By means of the technique utilizing autoradiographic detection of tritiated thymidine in cells whose mitotic histories were recorded by time lapse cinemicrography, it was shown that the G1 distribution is similar to the generation time distribution but is more variable. In our experiments, the G2 + prophase distribution resembled the generation time and G1 distributions. The data suggested two possibilities for S: either it is relatively constant, or it is inversely related to the lengths of G1 and G2 + prophase. Since G1 is more variable than the total cycle, and G2 + prophase more variable than the computed sum of S + G2 + prophase + metaphase, it was concluded that the relationships between parts of the cycle are non-random and that compensating mechanisms apparently help regulate the lengths of successive parts of the mitotic cycle in individual cells.
Methylstyrenes and Dimethylstyrenes from Diarylethanes (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethylstyrenes and Dimethylstyrenes from DiarylethanesJ. K. Dixon and K. W. SaundersCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1954, 46, 4, 652–660Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50532a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50532a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Isotopic Equilibrium between Shells and Their Environment (1968)

The carbon-isotopic composition of shell carbonate is shown to be in isotopic equilibrium with bicarbonate dissolved in the water. By measurement of both 13C and 18O in a series of brackish-water shells a mean growth temperature can be deduced.
Clinical characteristics and outcome of ICU admitted MERS corona virus infected patients (2015)

Most MERS corona patients present with fever, cough, dyspnea, sore throat, runny nose and sputum. The presence of abdominal symptoms may indicate bad prognosis. Prolonged duration of symptoms before patients' hospitalization, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and hospital stay, bilateral radiological pulmonary infiltrates, and hypoxemic respiratory failure were found to be strong predictors of mortality in such patients. Also, old age, current smoking, smoking severity, presence of associated co-morbidities like obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic heart diseases, COPD, malignancy, renal failure, renal transplantation and liver cirrhosis are associated with a poor outcome of ICU admitted MERS corona virus infected patients.
Deep Learning Is Effective for Classifying Normal versus Age-Related Macular Degeneration OCT Images (2017)

Deep learning techniques achieve high accuracy and is effective as a new image classification technique. These findings have important implications in utilizing OCT in automated screening and the development of computer aided diagnosis tools in the future.
Color Image Watermarking Algorithm Based on DWT-SVD (2007)

A novel watermarking scheme of embedding a scrambling watermark into the green component of the color image based on DWT-SVD is proposed. The green component is decomposed for LL <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> , HL <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> , LH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> , HH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> with DWT at the Nth levels. For each subband, adopt different methods to complete the watermark embedding. For the part LL <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> , imbed pseudo-random after spreading according to the energy. Decompose the three wavelet matrix coefficients LH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> , HL <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> , HH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> with SVD. Add the SVD of the scrambled watermarking and the SVD of the wavelet coefficients, and then the imbedding course is accomplished. The retrieving watermark algorithm and the blind detecting algorithm both are designed according to the embedding scheme. The experiment indicates that the watermark is robust to JPEG compression, cropping, Gaussian noise, median filter and resize.
Improved first Rayleigh–Sommerfeld method for analysis of cylindrical microlenses with small f-numbers (2004)

An improved first Rayleigh-Sommerfeld method (IRSM1) is proposed and applied to the analysis of cylindrical microlenses with small f-numbers. Numerical results obtained by both the IRSM1 and the original Rayleigh-Sommerfeld method (ORSM1) are compared with those obtained by the rigorous boundary element method (BEM). For both refractive and diffractive lenses, the results obtained by the IRSM1 are close to those obtained by the BEM even for small f-numbers; by contrast, the results by the ORSM1 differ significantly from those obtained by the BEM. Moreover, the IRSM1 uses much less time and computer memory in the computations than the BEM.