gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetization Reversal of Exchange Bias Double Layers Magnetically Patterned by Ion Irradiation (2002)

He+ ion irradiation is an excellent tool to modify the magnitude and direction of the exchange bias field on the sub-micrometer scale without affecting the sample topography. This effect has been utilized to magnetically pattern NiFe/FeMn exchange bias double layers using resist masks patterned by electron beam lithography. Ion irradiation through the masks leads to a local modification of the magnetization reversal behavior and allows to study the magnetization reversal as a function of the exchange bias field strength and the pattern dimensions on a single sample. Results are presented on the macroscopic and microscopic magnetization reversal using the magneto-optic Kerr effect and Lorentz microscopy.
Genomic deletions of MSH2 and MLH1 in colorectal cancer families detected by a novel mutation detection approach (2002)

Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer is an autosomal dominant condition due to germline mutations in DNA-mismatch-repair genes, in particular MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6. Here we describe the application of a novel technique for the detection of genomic deletions in MLH1 and MSH2. This method, called multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, is a quantitative multiplex PCR approach to determine the relative copy number of each MLH1 and MSH2 exon. Mutation screening of genes was performed in 126 colorectal cancer families selected on the basis of clinical criteria and in addition, for a subset of families, the presence of microsatellite instability (MSI-high) in tumours. Thirty-eight germline mutations were detected in 37 (29.4%) of these kindreds, 31 of which have a predicted pathogenic effect. Among families with MSI-high tumours 65.7% harboured germline gene defects. Genomic deletions accounted for 54.8% of the pathogenic mutations. A complete deletion of the MLH1 gene was detected in two families. The multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification approach is a rapid method for the detection of genomic deletions in MLH1 and MSH2. In addition, it reveals alterations that might escape detection using conventional diagnostic techniques. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification might be considered as an early step in the molecular diagnosis of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer.
Tools for Creating Custom Physical Computer Interfaces (2005)

The Hook-ups project introduces a new set of tools and activities intended to support children in creating physical computer input devices for computer programs they write. This project introduces a new approach to learning through design by providing opportunities for children to engage in both the physical and computational design concurrently. This demonstration proposal describes three types of Hookups (basic, repurposed, and fabricated) and introduces a set of puzzle piece-based building blocks called Scratch Patches that youth can connect to construct physical input devices. In this demonstration session, participants will have the opportunity to interact with existing Hook-ups interfaces, including several designed by youth, and construct their own Hook-ups.
<title>Dynamic ballistic impact events imaged at 500 kHz using laser-based image acquisition</title> (2000)

An integrated, high-speed photographic system combining a high-repetition rate, pulsed ruby laser and a high-framing rate CCD camera has been demonstrated. Individually, the laser and camera have been discussed previously and each was developed under the Small Business Innovative Research sponsorship through the Air Force Research Lab. This paper present for the first met digital images of dynamic ballistic events captured at 500 kHz using the two elements integrated as a high-speed digital imaging system.
Face morphing using 3D-aware appearance optimization (2012)

Figure 1: Our system can generate fully automatically high quality face morphing animation between faces of different pose and expression. Top: morphing between images of the same subject. Bottom: morphing between different subjects. The input images are the first and last column (highlighted in red). Traditional automatic face morphing techniques tend to generate blurry intermediate frames when the two input faces differ signif-icantly. We propose a new face morphing approach that deals ex-plicitly with large pose and expression variations. We recover the 3D face geometry of the input images using a projection on a pre-learned 3D face subspace. The geometry is interpolated by factor-ing the expression and pose and varying them smoothly across the sequence. Finally we pose the morphing problem as an iterative op-timization with an objective that combines similarity of each frame to the geometry-induced warped sources, with a similarity between neighboring frames for temporal coherence. Experimental results show that our method can generate higher quality face morphing results for more extreme pose, expression and appearance changes than previous methods. 1
Concentration dependence of static and dynamic properties for polymeric stars in a good solvent (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConcentration dependence of static and dynamic properties for polymeric stars in a good solventMireille Adam, Lewis J. Fetters, William W. Graessley, and Thomas A. WittenCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 9, 2434–2440Publication Date (Print):April 29, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 29 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00009a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00009a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Arithmetic coding for finite-state noiseless channels (1994)

The authors analyze the expected delay for infinite precision arithmetic codes, and suggest a practical implementation that closely approximates the idealized infinite precision model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Part X: Comparison of INMETRO (Brazil), INTI (Argentina), NRC-INMS (Canada), CENAM (Mexico), and BIPM lasers at λ 633 nm (2002)

This paper reports the tenth set of results of a series of grouped laser comparisons from national laboratories undertaken by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) at the request of the Consultative Committee for Length (CCL), formerly the Consultative Committee for the Definition of the Metre (CCDM), for the periods July 1993 to September 1995 and March 1997 to March 2001. As with the previous nine comparisons, this one is expected to be listed as a key comparison in the context of the ongoing BIPM.L-K10 series. The results of this comparison, involving seven lasers from four countries in the Americas and the BIPM, meet the goals set by the CCDM in 1992 and in 1997 and adopted by the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) the same year. The standard uncertainty (1 ) of the frequency of the He-Ne laser stabilized on the saturated absorption of 127 I2 at λ 633 nm is reduced to a level of 12 kHz (2.5 parts in 10 11 ) when the lasers compared meet the recommended values of the parameters. The lasers were first compared with the BIPMP3 laser, with all the lasers set to the parameter values normally used in each laboratory; the results then ranged from -31.5 kHz to +10.0 kHz. After checking and correcting when possible the values of all the parameters, the range stayed about the same, -31.5 kHz to +9.1 kHz. Under the latter conditions, the average frequency difference of the group of seven lasers, with respect to the BIPM4 laser, was -4.4 kHz with a standard uncertainty (1 ) of 13.2 kHz. If the INMETRO2 laser, considered as a secondary laser, is removed from the group, then the average is -0.5 kHz with a standard deviation (1 ) of 9.2 kHz. The best relative frequency stabilities, with Allan standard deviations of about 9.3 10 -13 , 3.5 10 -13 and 1.4 10 -13 , were observed with sampling times of 10 s, 100 s and 1000 s, respectively. Results obtained with NRC and BIPM lasers over a period of five months in two beat-frequency laser comparisons and in an absolute frequency measurement lie within 1 kHz (2 parts in 10 12 ).
Reactions of photochemically produced hydrogen atoms at energies below 1.8 electron volts (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of photochemically produced hydrogen atoms at energies below 1.8 electron voltsKong-Yi Hong and Gilbert J. MainsCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1972, 76, 23, 3337–3342Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100667a007https://doi.org/10.1021/j100667a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views16Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Laser-tissue interaction at 1.9 μm (1986)

The key parameter which governs the suitability of a laser as a cutting or coagulating surgical tool is the absorption coefficient of tissues at the wavelengths of interest. Wavelengths at which the absorption coefficient is large (10.6 μm) are ideal for incision, while to achieve coagulation small absorption coefficients (1.06 μm) are required.
Catalytic effects in coal gasification. Quarterly report, April-June 1981 (1982)

This quarterly report, for the period April through June 1981, summarizes the activities of Sandia National Laboratories' program on mineral matter effects in coal gasification. The objective of this program is to develop a fundamental understanding of the mechanism of the catalytic effects of mineral matter in coal gasification, and to use this knowledge for future process improvements. Experiments using various catalyst dispersion techniques indicate that for a given iron compound, improved dispersion results in improved catalytic activity. We observed that the addition of inert or catalytically active minerals eliminated agglomeration in the Bruceton coal. We also determined that addition of the iron catalyst increases the surface area and shifts and pore sizes, but the magnitude of the effect varies greatly from one compound to another. Results presented indicate that the mechanism for catalytic enhancement of hydrogasification is similar for the various iron compounds and that differences in activity can be correlated with the number of active Fe sites. We have begun a series of experiments to study the degree of H/sub 2//D/sub 2/ exchange over various reduced iron catalyst to assess their relative activity towards hydrogen transfer.
Formation of Box Canyon, Idaho, by Megaflood: Implications for Seepage Erosion on Earth and Mars (2008)

Amphitheater-headed canyons have been used as diagnostic indicators of erosion by groundwater seepage, which has important implications for landscape evolution on Earth and astrobiology on Mars. Of perhaps any canyon studied, Box Canyon, Idaho, most strongly meets the proposed morphologic criteria for groundwater sapping because it is incised into a basaltic plain with no drainage network upstream, and approximately 10 cubic meters per second of seepage emanates from its vertical headwall. However, sediment transport constraints, 4He and 14C dates, plunge pools, and scoured rock indicate that a megaflood (greater than 220 cubic meters per second) carved the canyon about 45,000 years ago. These results add to a growing recognition of Quaternary catastrophic flooding in the American northwest, and may imply that similar features on Mars also formed by floods rather than seepage erosion.
Critical structure characterization in 0.25-μm metal masking (1999)

The lithography process for 0.25 micrometer metal masking faces the challenge of tight design rule. Island patterning and line-end shortening have become more important due to the zero or small contact/via enclosure. A full understanding of the process latitude is necessary to choose the right process for a certain metal layer of 0.25 micrometer technology. In this paper, we develop a methodology to evaluate and optimize a metal asking process based on a set of critical structures. By characterized the overlapping process window for these critical structures, a comprehensive process latitude can be defined. This methodology is applied to the optimization of stepper NA/PC setting and the selection between I-line and DUV processes.
Dissolved air flotation treatment of concentrated fish farming wastewaters (2001)

Fish farming wastewaters contain nutrients, phosphorus and nitrogen, which promote eutrophication in the typically shallow farming sites in Finland. Fish farming wastewater treatment is problematic because of large quantities of very dilute wastewater (200-600 m3/kg fish produced). In practice wastewater treatment is concentrated on suspended solids removal. Treatment can be done in two steps: concentration of the very dilute wastewater and subsequent treatment of the concentrated wastewater. Dissolved air flotation pilot trials were conducted using two types of concentrated wastewaters: settled solids from a sludge hopper of a cultivation basin and swirl separator concentrate. Two different pilot plants were used and performances compared. Both mechanical treatment and precipitation by ferric salts were applied. Depending on the influent quality, 70 to 90% phosphorus reductions were achieved without chemicals. Chemical precipitation and flotation produced 90% phosphorus reductions and effluent concentrations at the level of 0.05 mgP/l when 13 m3/(m2h) hydraulic loading was used.
Growing PAINS in Academic Drug Discovery (2011)

In a recent article it was argued that compounds published as drug leads by academic laboratories commonly contain functionality that identifies them as nonspecific 'pan-assay interference compounds' (PAINS). The article raises broad questions about why best practices for hit and lead qualification that are well known in industry are not more widely employed in academia, as well as about the role of journals in publishing manuscripts that report drug leads of little potential value. Barriers to adoption of best practices for some academic drug-discovery researchers include knowledge gaps and infrastructure deficiencies, but they also arise from fundamental differences in how academic research is structured and how success is measured. Academic drug discovery should not seek to become identical to commercial pharmaceutical research, but we can do a better job of assessing and communicating the true potential of the drug leads we publish, thereby reducing the wastage of resources on nonviable compounds.
Cavernous Malformation of the Trochlear Nerve: Case Report and Review of the Literature on Cranial Nerve Cavernomas (2011)

CMs should be considered in a possible differential diagnosis of cisternal trochlear nerve tumors. Surgical resection remains the standard of care, and is indicated for relief of compressive symptoms and prevention of future bleeds. Postoperative diplopia often persists; however, resolution of diplopia reported in the literature can be attributed to either regeneration after direct surgical repair of the sacrificed nerve or a spontaneous adaptation over time.
“Tumor Vascularity” in Left Atrial Myxoma Demonstrated by Selective Coronary Arteriography (1969)

Atrial myxoma is the commonest of the rare primary heart tumors and one of the few which is curable. Increasing interest in these lesions culminated in a recent symposium on cardiac tumors (8, 9, 14), in which the available literature was summarized in detail. The purpose of this communication is to show previously unreported “tumor vascularity” demonstrated by selective coronary arteriography in a proved case of left atrial myxoma. Case Report A 51-year-old Caucasian male presented with an eight-year history of intermittent dyspnea, orthopnea, ankle edema, and a recent weight gain of 15 lb. Between episodes of failure he was virtually asymptomatic. There was a questionable history of joint symptoms at the age of twelve years, and mild diabetes had been discovered two years previously. Pertinent negative findings included the absence of fever, anemia, or embolic phenomena. Physical examination showed moderate cardiac failure and an apical systolic murmur. The murmur did not alter dramatically with change in position. Laboratory data included: hematocrit 40 per cent, hemoglobin 13.5 g/100 ml, and gammaglobulin 1.1 mg/100 ml (normal for our laboratory). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 35 mm/hr. The electrocardiogram showed paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, thought to be related to digitalis intoxication or coronary insufficiency. Digitalis intoxication was excluded by an ouabain tolerance test, and the clinical impression was mitral valve disease or atrial septal defect with possible atherosclerotic heart disease. On Oct. 28, 1968, right and left heart catheterization showed low cardiac output, marked pulmonary hypertension, and wedge pressures, suggesting combined mitral valvular disease, predominantly insufficiency. Subsequently, selective angiography of the coronary arteries and retrograde left ventricular angiography showed only minor mitral insufficiency with apparent streamlining of contrast material in the left atrium. Because of this discrepancy, the patient was recatheterized. Transseptal left atrial and simultaneous left ventricular pressures showed a significant gradient across the mitral valve throughout diastole, suggesting that stenosis was the more dominant lesion. Echocardiography revealed normal mitral valve motion anterior to an area of inhomogeneous sound reflections (13). This was interpreted as indicating left atrial tumor. At surgery, a 7-cm myxomatous tumor was found in the left atrium attached to the lower atrial septum near the fossa ovale. The tumor impinged upon the mitral valve. Focal areas of calcification in its inferior portion were demonstrated by radiography of the surgical specimen. The posterior leaflet of the mitral valve was cleft and calcified; the anterior leaflet was normal. The tumor was removed and the cleft leaflet repaired. The postoperative course was satisfactory.
HUMAN REGULATORY T CELL THERAPY IN THE PREVENTION OF TRANSPLANT ARTERIOSCLEROSIS (2008)

Wood, K J.; Wieckiewicz, J; Nadig, S N.; Wu, D C.; Warnecke, G; Zhang, W; Luo, S; Taggart, D Author Information
Kidney Transplant: Current Practice and New Potential (2002)

Because of the use of newer available therapies, 5- and 10-year kidney allograft survival rates have improved. Chronic rejection remains the most common cause of graft failure. Moreover, current immunosuppressive drugs, such as calcineurin inhibitors, azathioprine, Mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone have significant side effects associated with long-term use. While acute allograft rejection can be successfully treated and reversed, there remains no decisive treatment for chronic rejection, and graft tolerance is difficult to achieve in humans. A continued goal is to develop sensitive methods to monitor and predict the host response to the allograft to determine the optimum immunosuppressive regimen and doses required to minimize drug-related toxicities and potentially prevent immunological graft failure and develop new agents with fewer side effects. More work is necessary to understand the basis of immunologic tolerance in humans.
ChemInform Abstract: cis‐/trans‐(1.1.1)‐Trithia‐ and trans‐(4.4.4)‐Hexathia‐tris‐σ‐homobenzenes. (1988)

Abstract Starting from the cis‐ and trans‐benzene trioxides (I) or (III), the thia analogues (II), (IV), (V) or (VIII) are prepared by regioselective epoxide‐opening reactions with the S‐nucleophiles (VI) or (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Scale‐up of Catalytic Processes (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Concomitant Cisplatin, Vinorelbine, and Radiation in Advanced Chest Malignancies (1997)

Newer chemotherapy drugs have shown encouraging activity in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Based on these improved outcomes, as well as the high rate of distant relapse in patients with locally advanced disease, several recent studies have evaluated the use of systemic therapy in patients with earlier-stage disease.
Exploring the requirements for multimodal interaction for mobile devices in an end-to-end journey context (2012)

The paper investigates the requirements for multimodal interaction on mobile devices in an end-to-end journey context. Traditional interfaces are deemed cumbersome and inefficient for exchanging information with the user. Multimodal interaction provides a different user-centred approach allowing for more natural and intuitive interaction between humans and computers. It is especially suitable for mobile interaction as it can overcome additional constraints including small screens, awkward keypads, and continuously changing settings - an inherent property of mobility. This paper is based on end-to-end journeys where users encounter several contexts during their journeys. Interviews and focus groups explore the requirements for multimodal interaction design for mobile devices by examining journey stages and identifying the users' information needs and sources. Findings suggest that multimodal communication is crucial when users multitask. Choosing suitable modalities depend on user context, characteristics and tasks.