gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First Studies on the Rheological Behavior of Suspensions in Ionic Liquids (2006)

The suspension rheology of hematite in the ionic liquid EcoengTM.212 was studied in detail and compared to the pure ionic liquid. This is the first report on the rheological behavior of suspensions in ionic liquids, and it is postulated that colloidal stability and rheology must be considered to understand these results, and to overcome limitations on the production of nanosized particles in industrial applications. Concentrated suspensions of particles in the nanometer range show non-Newtonian flow behavior including shear thinning and shear thickening. These phenomena are mainly caused by particle-particle interactions in the suspension, and control of these interactions is critical. The influences of temperature and solid concentration on flow behavior were shown for the pure liquid and the suspensions. It is seen that the ionic liquid follows the Arrhenius equation for non-associating electrolytes. It is possible to shift all hematite suspension curves to a master curve according to the model of Gleißle and Baloch. Furthermore, the flow behavior of the suspensions can be modeled with the well-known Herschel-Bulkley plot. A 10 wt % suspension of Fe2O3 follows Newtonian behavior over the entire range, similar to the pure ionic liquid. It is believed that the ionic liquid has an influence on the stability of the particles, leading to a decrease of attractive particle-particle forces.
Using an Artificial-Neural-Network Method To Predict Carbonate Well Log Facies Successfully (2011)

Summary The Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) reservoir is one of five prolific oil reservoirs in the giant Wafra oil field. The Maastrichtian oil production is largely from subtidal dolomites at an average depth of 2,500 ft. Carbonate deposition occurred on a very gently dipping, shallow, arid, and restricted ramp setting that transitioned between normal marine conditions to restricted lagoonal environments. The average porosity of the reservoir interval is approximately 15%, although productive zones have porosity values up to 30–40%. The average permeability of the reservoir interval is approximately 30 md. Individual core plugs have measured permeability up to 1,200 md. Efforts to predict sedimentary facies from well logs in carbonate reservoirs is difficult because of the complex carbonate sedimentary facies structures, strong diagenetic overprint, and challenging log analysis in part owing to the presence of vugs and fractures. In the study, a workflow including (1) core description preprocessing, (2) log- and core-data cleanup, and (3) probabilistic-neural-network (PNN) facies analysis was used to predict facies from log data accurately. After evaluation of a variety of statistical approaches, a PNN-based approach was used to predict facies from well-log data. The PNN was selected as a tool because it has the capability to delineate complex nonlinear relationships between facies and log data. The PNN method was shown to outperform multivariate statistical algorithms and, in this study, gave good prediction accuracy (above 70%). The prediction uncertainty was quantified by two probabilistic logs—discriminant ability and overall confidence. These probabilistic logs can be used to evaluate the prediction uncertainty during interpretation. Lithofacies were predicted for 15 key wells in the Wafra Maastrichtian reservoir and were effectively used to extend the understanding of the Maastrichtian stratigraphy, depositional setting, and facies distribution.
Design and implementation of a multi-domain configuration management system (2002)

The author has designed and implemented a configuration management system, which is based on the CMISE service. It provides several functions to configuration management users such as getting information about network resources, re-configuration of a managed network and so on. The network management domain concept and the object-oriented approach for defining managed objects are introduced. The service primitives supported by the configuration management system have been defined and the protocol between configuration managers for multi-domain management has been implemented. CMISE service, simulator and management information base (MIB) are based on the OSI network management framework. Fault and performance management functions are being implemented.
New ionic polymers by cellulose functionalization (1998)

The unique structure and reactivity of cellulose opens up various possibilities for the design of advanced materials based on this biomacromolecule. In the present feature the state of the art of selected cellulose functionalization reactions is discussed adequately considering own research results. In particular, new synthesis paths to ionic cellulosics, both with controlled functionalization patterns and unconventional combinations of different functional groups (hydrophilic-lipophilic), as well as new synthesis concepts are presented. An important approach to new cellulosics is the reaction via an induced phase separation with solid alkali hydroxide particles. Starting from solutions of cellulose in N,N-dimethylacetamide/LiCl or from organo-soluble cellulose derivatives of different hydrolytic stability dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, subsequent etherification and esterification yield cellulose products of unconventional functionalization patterns and properties. Not only reactions directed towards the hydroxyl groups—the primary reactive sites—is given attention but also nucleophilic displacement reactions at the carbon atoms appear as synthesis tool to new polysaccharide materials.
SDN orchestration for dynamic end-to-end control of data center multi-domain optical networking (2015)

New and emerging use cases, such as the interconnection of geographically distributed data centers (DCs), are drawing attention to the requirement for dynamic end-to-end service provisioning, spanning multiple and heterogeneous optical network domains. This heterogeneity is, not only due to the diverse data transmission and switching technologies, but also due to the different options of control plane techniques. In light of this, the problem of heterogeneous control plane interworking needs to be solved, and in particular, the solution must address the specific issues of multi-domain networks, such as limited domain topology visibility, given the scalability and confidentiality constraints. In this article, some of the recent activities regarding the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) orchestration are reviewed to address such a multi-domain control plane interworking problem. Specifically, three different models, including the single SDN controller model, multiple SDN controllers in mesh, and multiple SDN controllers in a hierarchical setting, are presented for the DC interconnection network with multiple SDN/ OpenFlow domains or multiple OpenFlow/ Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) heterogeneous domains. In addition, two concrete implementations of the orchestration architectures are detailed, showing the overall feasibility and procedures of SDN orchestration for the end-to-end service provisioning in multi-domain data center optical networks.
INTERDISCIPLINA, COMUNIDAD Y REDES: UNA EXPERIENCIA RADIAL (2015)

In this study, we experienced oriented radial transmission and discussed topics related to health and psychology from a broad interdisciplinary perspective, dynamic learning, and questions described. The radio program is focused at the wider community, and only to professionals in the field psi i.e. an ongoing dialogue between the listeners which are the real social actors and the privileged invited specialists. Thus, it creates a space by which it promotes words to share the concerns of interest of the whole society.
New batching policy for providing true video-on-demand (T-VoD) in multicast system (2003)

A new batching policy is proposed for providing true VoD services in multicast VoD systems. Instead of batching the user requests, we serve the new customer with a dedicated stream immediately and then try to merge the customers for the same movie in progress by doubling the transmission rate. Both analytical methods and computer simulations have been performed to evaluate the proposed batching scheme in terms of bandwidth and buffer requirement as well as the blocking probability in multicast VoD systems. Compared with a system without batching, the result shows that over 90% of bandwidth reduction can be obtained. It is shown that only 90 streams are required for one movie to support about 1440 concurrent customers in 2 hours with less than 5% blocking probability.
Description of Bacteroides loescheii sp. nov. and Emendation of the Descriptions of Bacteroides melaninogenicus (Oliver and Wherry) Roy and Kelly 1939 and Bacteroides denticola Shah and Collins 1981 (1982)

Bacteroides loescheii, a new species from periodontal pockets and superficially cleaned tooth surfaces coronal to gingival margins and from various types of human infections, is described. Strains of B. loescheii are obligately anaerobic, gram-negative, usually pigmenting, nonmotile, nonsporeforming rods that do not grow well in 10% bile and that ferment carbohydrates. These strains previously were identified as Bacteroides melaninogenicus or Bacteroides oralis, but they have no deoxyribonucleic acid homology with the type strain of either of these two species. The type strain of B. loescheii is ATCC 15930. The descriptions of B. melaninogenicus and Bacteroides denticola are emended.
An Experimental Thermal Time-Constant Correlation for Hydraulic Accumulators (1990)

A thermal time-constant correlation based on experimental data is presented for gas-charged hydraulic accumulators. This correlation, along with the thermal timeconstant model, permits accurate prediction of accumulator thermodynamic losses and the gas pressure and temperature history during compression or expansion. The gas is treated as a real gas, and all properties are allowed to vary with both pressure and temperature. The correlation was developed from heat transfer data obtained with a 2.5 liter piston-type accumulator charged with nitrogen gas. Both horizontal and vertical orientations were studied. The experiments covered the range, 2.6×108<Ra*<9.5×1010, 0.77<L/D<1.50, and 0.71<T*<1.0. The gas pressure was varied between 1.0 and 19.5 MPa.
Comparison between Free‐Choice and No‐Choice Seedling Bulk Tests for Evaluating Resistance of Rice Cultivars to the Whitebacked Planthopper<sup>1</sup> (1984)

During a screening of rice, Oryza sativa L., cultivars for resistance to the whitebacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) by the routinely used free‐choice seedling bulk test, a significantly higher insect population was observed to move over to the susceptible check cultivar soon after infestation. This uneven distribution of insects caused unbalanced infestation among the test cultivars. To avoid this shortcoming, a no‐choice seedling bulk test was conducted in which each row of test cultivar seedlings was excluded from the other by an intervening, vertical, mylar plastic partition, and was exposed to equal insect infestation. The resistance scores of 10 genetically diverse cultivars—‘Muskhan 41’ ( Wbph 1), ‘N22’ ( Wbph 1), ‘N32’ ( Wbph 1), ‘ARC 10239’ ( Wbph 2), ‘ADR 52’ ( Wbph 3), ‘Podiwi A8’ ( wbph 4), ‘Colombo’ ( Wbph 2 + 1 recessive ?), ‘WC 1240’ ( Wbph I + 1 recessive ?), ‘1R 2035‐117‐3’ ( Wbph 1 + Wbph 2), and ‘Taichung Native 1’ (no resistance gene)—from free‐choice and no‐choice seedling bulk tests were compared. Podiwi A8 and N22, rated as moderately resistant and resistant in the free‐choice test, proved to be susceptible and moderately resistant, respectively, in the no‐choice test. The no‐choice test ensures an even distribution of test insects on cultivars and excludes any possibility of their escape from infestation. The technique has important implications in screening for resistance against a number of mobile insect pest species on a wide variety of plants.
Effect of Clonidine in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (1992)

The current treatment of choice for obstructive sleep apnea is continuous positive airway pressure. However, not all patients tolerate this form of therapy. We evaluated the effect of clonidine hydrochloride, an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist with REM-suppressant activity, in eight male patients with obstructive sleep apnea. In each patient, sleep-stage distribution and breathing pattern in two all-night sleep studies performed during a 10-day course of clonidine were compared with those of two control and two placebo nights. A dose of 0.2 mg of clonidine administered orally at bedtime totally suppressed REM sleep in two patients. In the other six patients, the same dose decreased percent time spent in REM sleep from a control of 13.4 +/- 1.0 to 8.6 +/- 1.4% (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.05). The latency to REM sleep increased in the latter group from a control of 129 +/- 9 to 308 +/- 24 min (p less than 0.001). Clonidine had no effect on the frequency and duration of non-REM breathing abnormalities. Under clonidine, the level of nocturnal hypoxemia improved in six patients. This was due to a total suppression of REM and the consequent lack of REM apneas in two patients. In four patients, upper airway obstruction disappeared during period of unsuppressed REM sleep, and SaO2 remained above 90% throughout this sleep stage. Clonidine transformed the pattern of sleep-disordered breathing during unsuppressed REM in the other two patients from that of repetitive obstructive hypopneas associated with persistent hypoxemia to occlusive apneas and cyclical hypoxemia. These results were observed consistently in all patients during both clonidine-sleep studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Characterization of Ethylene Biosynthesis Associated with Ripening in Banana Fruit (1999)

We investigated the characteristics of ethylene biosynthesis associated with ripening in banana (Musa sp. [AAA group, Cavendish subgroup] cv Grand Nain) fruit. MA-ACS1 encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase in banana fruit was the gene related to the ripening process and was inducible by exogenous ethylene. At the onset of the climacteric period in naturally ripened fruit, ethylene production increased greatly, with a sharp peak concomitant with an increase in the accumulation of MA-ACS1 mRNA, and then decreased rapidly. At the onset of ripening, the in vivo ACC oxidase activity was enhanced greatly, followed by an immediate and rapid decrease. Expression of the MA-ACO1 gene encoding banana ACC oxidase was detectable at the preclimacteric stage, increased when ripening commenced, and then remained high throughout the later ripening stage despite of a rapid reduction in the ACC oxidase activity. This discrepancy between enzyme activity and gene expression of ACC oxidase could be, at least in part, due to reduced contents of ascorbate and iron, cofactors for the enzyme, during ripening. Addition of these cofactors to the incubation medium greatly stimulated the in vivo ACC oxidase activity during late ripening stages. The results suggest that ethylene production in banana fruit is regulated by transcription of MA-ACS1 until climacteric rise and by reduction of ACC oxidase activity possibly through limited in situ availability of its cofactors once ripening has commenced, which in turn characterizes the sharp peak of ethylene production.
High-Speed Coreless Axial-Flux Permanent-Magnet Motor With Printed Circuit Board Winding (2018)

Gearless and compact motors operating at high speeds (above 10 000 r/min) are increasingly being used in many fields. This paper presents the design and analysis of a coreless axial-flux permanent-magnet motor for high-speed, low-power applications. The proposed motor is designed to rotate at a speed of 30 000 r/min. To ensure the reliability of the motor at high speeds, it is essential to minimize torque ripple and the magnetic attraction between the stator and the rotor in the axial direction. Therefore, in this paper, a novel coreless stator design using multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) is proposed. The PCB stator ensures uniform distribution of the phase windings, which minimizes harmonics in the back EMF of the motor. The multilayer PCB stator makes the motor highly compact, efficient, and reliable. To improve the air-gap flux density in the coreless design, a lightweight Halbach-array based rotor is used and the Halbach magnets are covered with a high-strength nonmagnetic material to achieve high rotor integrity. MagNet 3-D and COMSOL Multiphysics are used for the finite element analysis and optimization of the motor and the simulation results are presented. A prototype of the motor is fabricated and tested with sensorless field oriented control to validate the simulation results. The back EMF obtained for the prototype is sinusoidal and its performance characteristics ensure efficient and reliable performance at high speeds.
The Comparison of the Ground Vibration Velocity by Dynamite and Finecker Blasting (1996)

The results of the regression analysis and comparative study between 120 vibration events by dynamite blasting and 68 vibration events by finecker blasting which were monitored in the test blasting are as follows: The ground vibration velocity of dynamite blasting of 0.12 kg charge weight per delay at 7.4 m above the explosive is higher than that of finecker blasting of 0.96 kg charge weight per delay. In the case of 0.12 kg charge weight per delay, the ground vibration velocity of finecker blasting is equal to 5.5% of that of dynamite blasting at the 10 m distance from explosive. The decrement of ground vibration velocity of dynamite blasting of above 0.12 kg charge weight per delay is larger than that of finecker blasting of below 0.96 kg charge weight per delay. The rate of ground vibration velocity of the finecker blasting to that of dynamite blasting decreases with the distance from explosives, but increases with the decrease of charge weight per delay. The increment of ground vibration velocity of finecker blasting is less than that of dynamite blasting with the increase of charge weight per delay at the same distance from explosives. Under the condition of the constant critical ground vibration velocity or use the same charge weight per delay, the blasting working by finecker rather than by dynamite is able to be performed at the nearer place to structures.
Spiritual care: what does it mean to RNs? (1995)

The purpose of this descriptive study was to discover the meanings that two groups of registered nurses ascribed to the word 'spirit' and its derivatives. The study also examined the nurses' perceptions of the nature of spiritual nursing, the status of spiritual care in relation to 'normal' nursing care and the adequacy of nursing education as preparation for providing spiritual care. Data were gathered from audio-taped interviews with 10 registered nurses who worked in one hospice and 10 who worked in a variety of acute care settings. The participants were asked four open-ended questions and from their responses 29 themes emerged which led to the construction of a model which shows that the nurses delivering spiritual care are influenced by their practice settings and nursing education which together impact on the quality of spiritual care. The elements of the model are discussed and recommendations that flow from the findings are made.
Ultrathin Laminar Ir Superstructure as Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalyst in Broad pH Range (2016)

Shape-controlled noble metal nanocrystals (NCs), such as Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Ru, and Rh are of great success due to their new and enhanced properties and applications in chemical conversion, fuel cells, and sensors, but the realization of shape control of Ir NCs for achieving enhanced electrocatalysis remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report an efficient solution method for a new class of three-dimensional (3D) Ir superstructure that consists of ultrathin Ir nanosheets as subunits. Electrochemical studies show that it delivers the excellent electrocatalytic activity toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline condition with an onset potential at 1.43 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a very low Tafel slope of 32.7 mV decade(-1). In particular, it even shows superior performance for OER in acidic solutions with the low onset overpotential of 1.45 V versus RHE and small Tafel slope of 40.8 mV decade(-1), which are much better than those of small Ir nanoparticles (NPs). The 3D Ir superstructures also exhibit good stability under acidic condition with the potential shift of less than 20 mV after 8 h i-t test. The present work highlights the importance of tuning 3D structures of Ir NCs for enhancing OER performance.
Domain formation on oxidized graphene (2012)

Using first-principles calculations within density functional theory, we demonstrate that the adsorption of a single oxygen atom results in significant electron transfer from graphene to oxygen. This strongly disturbs the charge landscape of the C-C bonds at the proximity. Additional oxygen atoms adsorbing to graphene prefer always the C-C bonds having the highest charge density and, consequently, they have the tendency to form domain structure. While oxygen adsorption to one side of graphene ends with significant buckling, the adsorption to both sides with similar domain pattern is favored. The binding energy displays an oscillatory variation and the band gap widens with increasing oxygen coverage. While a single oxygen atom migrates over the C-C bonds on the graphene surface, a repulsive interaction prevents two oxygen adatoms from forming an oxygen molecule. Our first-principles study together with finite-temperature ab initio molecular dynamics calculations conclude that oxygen adatoms on graphene can not desorb easily without the influence of external agents.
The Virtual Community (2000)

<p>Cyberculture authority Howard Rheingold was the first to write about online communities in this style that is part-travelogue and part-anthropological guide. This groundbreaking classic explores the entire virtual community, beginning with a selective but probing look at the author's original online home, The Well. Rheingold relates plenty of anecdotes that demonstrate the upsides of online life, such as how he was able to get information on removing a tick from his child before his doctor could respond to his phone call. But the bulk of the material relates to how individuals interact online much as they do in a face-to-face community. Rheingold speaks to how both friendships and enmities are formed online and how people come together to support each other through misfortune. He gives the example of how computer-moderated communication enabled members of one Well community to send vital medical aid to a friend hospitalized halfway around the world. Rheingold goes on to show how communities can form by various electronic communication methods, using the conferencing system of The Well as one example. He also examines how people interact through mailing lists, live chat, and the fantasy cyberenvironments of online role-playing games. In the process, he questions what kind of relationships can really be formed in a medium where people can change their apparent identity at will. This book questions whether a distinction between “virtual” communities and “real-life” communities is entirely valid. The Virtual Community argues that real relationships happen and real communities develop when people communicate upon virtual common ground. Rheingold also shares his far-reaching knowledge of how technology effects our social constructs. If you are involved in an online community, here is your cultural heritage. </p>