gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal homogenization of perfusion flows in microfluidic bio-reactors; a numerical study (2009)

To ensure homogeneous conditions within the complete area of perfused microfluidic bio-reactors, we develop a general design of a continuously feed bio-reactor with uniform perfusion flow. This is achieved by introducing a specific type of perfusion inlet to the reaction area. The geometry of these inlets are found using the methods of topology optimization and shape optimization. The results are compared with two different analytic models, from which a general parametric description of the design is obtained and tested numerically. Such a parametric description will generally be beneficial for the design of a broad range of microfluidic bioreactors used for e.g. cell culturing and analysis, and in feeding bio-arrays.
Highly Stable Bimetallic AuIr/TiO<sub>2</sub> Catalyst: Physical Origins of the Intrinsic High Stability against Sintering (2015)

It has been a long-lived research topic in the field of heterogeneous catalysts to find a way of stabilizing supported gold catalyst against sintering. Herein, we report highly stable AuIr bimetallic nanoparticles on TiO2 synthesized by sequential deposition-precipitation. To reveal the physical origin of the high stability of AuIr/TiO2, we used aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), STEM-tomography, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Three-dimensional structures of AuIr/TiO2 obtained by STEM-tomography indicate that AuIr nanoparticles on TiO2 have intrinsically lower free energy and less driving force for sintering than Au nanoparticles. DFT calculations on segregation behavior of AuIr slabs on TiO2 showed that the presence of Ir near the TiO2 surface increases the adhesion energy of the bimetallic slabs to the TiO2 and the attractive interactions between Ir and TiO2 lead to higher stability of AuIr nanoparticles as compared to Au nanoparticles.
Estimating Sulfuric Acid Aerosol Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Plants (1998)

This paper presents a proposed method for estimating the release of sulfuric acid (H 2SO4) aerosol from coal-fired power plants. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) reporting system requires that, beginning in 1998, electric utilities must estimate their emissions of over 600 chemical compounds. Aerosols of H2SO4 are one of the compounds included in the TRI. In coal-fired plants, H 2SO4 vapor is created in the ductwork downstream of the boiler by the combination of water vapor and sulfur trioxide (SO 3), both of which are produced during the coal combustion process. In some cases, the vapor condenses as an aerosol, which makes it a reportable compound. Since the TRI system does not require the collection of any new data, the method presented herein was developed to use data and information already available at most coal-fired plants. These factors include the SO 2 emission rate, the type of fuel being burned, and the particulate control device used to control dust emissions.
Ventricular Tachycardia: Pathophysiology and Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation (1997)

Limitations of pharmacological therapy for VT have led to great interest in alternative nonpharmacological therapies. The appeal of a curative therapy for VT initially led to the search for operative techniques to identify and destroy the underlying substrate, and more recently, has resulted in the development of catheter techniques to achieve the same goal in the electrophysiology laboratory. Investigations into the pathophysiology of VT have resulted in the recognition that this arrhythmia reflects a mechanistically and anatomically heterogeneous set of disorders. Recent growth in our understanding of these distinctions has both led to, and resulted from, simultaneous advances in catheter ablation techniques. The clinical electrophysiology laboratory has served as a testing ground for theories derived from in vitro and animal experiments while also providing its own set of human experimental data regarding the pathophysiology and treatment of VT. As a result of this process, several distinct forms of VT that are amenable to catheter ablation have been characterized. This article will summarize current knowledge of the pathophysiology of various VT subtypes and of techniques for catheter mapping and ablation.
Optical characterization of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well structures grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (2007)

Optical and crystal properties of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) structures grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) were characterized using room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) and high-resolution Xray diffraction (HRXRD), respectively. The near bandgap excitonic peak decreased from 2.77 eV to 2.68 eV while there was a 10 Å increase in the well thickness, probably caused by variations of quantized energy levels. In addition, higher growth temperature of MQW structures had a small influence on the pair thickness, but the emission wavelength showed a blueshift attributed to the decrease in average of indium mole fraction. However, the near bandgap excitonic peak remained constant for the thicker quantum barriers. For the PL emission intensity of InGaN/GaN MQW structures, it was enhanced with a thinner quantum well width and a thicker quantum barrier, which could be resulted from the improvement of optical confinement in the quantum well. Moreover, by using the higher growth temperature, enhanced PL intensity was achieved due to the improvement of structure quality for the InGaN/GaN heterostructure. Therefore, these results suggest that the emission wavelength and intensity of the InGaN/GaN MQW-based optical device could be modulated by designing thicknesses of quantum wells as well as growth temperatures of MQW structures.
Examining Factors for the order in which preschool children learn to write alphabet letters (2013)

This study was undertaken to examine the influences on how children learn to write the letters of the alphabet. Specifically, the present study addresses children’s knowledge of letters by predicting the probability of a child knowing how to write a letter by examining five hypotheses simultaneously.
Bogomilism (2011)

Abstract The Bogomils were members of a religious group that originated in Bulgaria and spread through the Balkans in the Middle Ages. They believed in a dualism that contrasted the principles of good and evil, light and dark, the spirit and the body, that was similar to Manichaean beliefs, and like religious groups in other countries of the time, like the Cathari, the Patarines, and the Albigenses in Western Europe. They may in fact have influenced these groups. The movement was directed against the Byzantine Empire, Bulgarian serfdom, and authority of any kind. The Bogomils were attacked by the Byzantine and Holy Roman Empires and the Catholic and Orthodox Churches. They basically came to an end as an organized religion as a result of the advance of Islam into the Balkans in the 15th century.
Involvement of the heart by malignant lymphoma: A clinicopathologic study (1982)

Although involvement of the heart by malignant lymphoma is relatively common, it is difficult to detect antemortem, and only a small number of studies discuss this subject in the literature. The authors reviewed the 150 patients with malignant lymphoma autopsied at this hospital and studied the 13 (8.7%) who were found to have metastases to the heart or parietal pericardium. Four patients had Hodgkin's disease, and nine non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cardiac or pericardial disease apparently resulted from retrograde lymphatic spread, hematogenous spread, and direct extension from other intrathoracic tumor masses. In two cases, lymphomatous involvement of the heart and pericardium was the immediate cause of death; in one of these, myocardial infiltration was detected during life. For the group as a whole, the signs and symptoms of cardiac dysfunction were typically absent or nonspecific, and electrocardiograms and thallium imaging were not effective screening tools for lymphoma metastases. The findings suggest, however, that the most destructive form of cardiac involvement is that associated with direct epicardial spread, and that this form appears with cardiac dysfunction, which should clinically suggest its presence.
Superstar technocrats: the celebrity central banker (2014)

Imagine a senior Princeton academic writing books on financial history: he is balding, grey bearded, and in his early sixties. He lives in New Jersey with his wife, dines at home, then takes out th...
A sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase 3-type Ca2+ pump is expressed in platelets, in lymphoid cells, and in mast cells. (1994)

An organellar-type of Ca2+ pump formerly detected by means of its phosphoprotein intermediate in platelets and in lymphoid cells, and which runs in acid gels at 97 kDa, is now characterized as sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase 3 (SERCA3). SERCA3 is co-expressed in these cells along with the housekeeping SERCA2b. This conclusion is based on the following observations. 1) Tryptic digestion the phosphoprotein intermediate of SERCA3 expressed in COS cells yields a phosphorylated fragment of about 80 kDa, which can be clearly distinguished from the 57-kDa fragments formed in the SERCA1 and SERCA2 pumps. This 80-kDa fragment comigrates with a similar phosphoprotein fragment previously observed in human platelets (Papp, B., Enyedi, A., Pászty, K., Kovács, T., Sarkadi, B., Gárdos, G., Wuytack, F., and Enouf, J. (1992) Biochem. J. 288, 297-302). 2) An antiserum directed against an NH2-terminal SERCA3-specific peptide (N89) reacts with SERCA3 expressed in COS cells and with the 97-kDa protein in rat platelets and the corresponding protein in human platelets. Likewise an antiserum against the rat SERCA3 terminus (C90) binds to SERCA3 expressed in COS cells and to the 97-kDa band in rat platelets, but it does not recognize the human platelet pump. In conformity with the predicted absence of the T1 tryptic cleavage site in SERCA3, the autophosphorylated aspartyl residue and the COOH-terminal epitope were co-localized on the 80-kDa fragment. 3) The co-expression of nearly equal levels of SERCA3 and SERCA2b messengers in human lymphoblastoid Jurkat cells and in proliferating rat mucosal mast cells was also demonstrated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
Analysis of the Cob(II)alamin−5‘-Deoxy-3‘,4‘-anhydroadenosyl Radical Triplet Spin System in the Active Site of Diol Dehydrase (2006)

A triplet spin system (S=1) is detected by low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in samples of diol dehydrase and the functional adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) analogue 5'-deoxy-3',4'-anhydroadenosylcobalamin (anAdoCbl). Different spectra are observed in the presence and absence of the substrate (R,S)-1,2-propanediol. In both cases, the spectra include a prominent half-field transition (DeltaM(S) = 2) that is a hallmark of strongly coupled triplet spin systems. The appearance of 59Co hyperfine splitting in the EPR signals and the positions (g values) of the signals in the spectra show that half of the triplet spin is contributed by the low-spin Co2+ of cob(II)alamin. Line width effects from isotopic labeling (13C and 2H) in the 5'-deoxy-3',4'-anhydroribosyl ring demonstrate that the other half of the spin triplet is from an allylic 5'-deoxy-3',4'-anhydroadenosyl (anhydroadenosyl) radical. The zero-field splitting (ZFS) tensors describing the magnetic dipole-dipole interactions of the component spins of the triplets have rhombic symmetry because of electron spin delocalization within the organic radical component and the proximity of the radical to the low-spin Co2+. The dipole-dipole interaction was modeled as a summation of point-dipole interactions involving the spin-bearing orbitals of the anhydroadenosyl radical and cob(II)alamin. Geometries which are consistent with the ZFS tensors in the presence and absence of the substrate position the 5'-carbon of the anhydroadenosyl radical 3.5 and 4.1 A from Co2+, respectively. Homolytic cleavage of the cobalt-carbon bond of the analogue in the absence of the substrate indicates that, in diol dehydrase, binding of the coenzyme to the protein weakens the bond prior to binding of the substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐BREFELDIN A. (PART IV) (1977)

Abstract Aus (Ia) erhält man über diskutierte Zwischenstufen (Ib) ‐(Id) die Folgeprodukte (IIa) und (IIb), aus denen die Cyclisierungsprodukte (III) erhalten werden.
035. THE ROLE OF THE SERTOLI CELL IN REGULATING SPERMATOGENESIS, IMMUNE RESPONSES AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASE: MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS, COMMON MECHANISMS? (2009)

There is increasing evidence that the Sertoli cell, in addition to modulating responses to direct antigenic challenges (eg. intratesticular allografts), is central to the response of the testis to inflammation and infection. Systemic inflammation exerts an inhibitory effect on spermatogenesis, which has been attributed to the effects of fever, vascular disturbances, or loss of androgenic support. However, recent studies point to more direct effects of inflammation on spermatogenesis. The discovery that Sertoli cells express Toll-like receptors (TLR), and react to TLR ligands by producing inflammatory cytokines and other mediators, provides a mechanism to account for this direct inhibition. Moreover, the pattern of cytokines produced by the Sertoli cell during inflammation is highly characteristic. For example, when stimulated with TLR ligands the Sertoli cell produces the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1α (IL1α) and IL6, and the regulatory cytokine, activin A, but does not produce IL1β and tumour necrosis factor-α, which are major pro-inflammatory products of activated macrophages. The disruptive effects of inflammation on spermatogenesis may be attributed to the elevated production of these cytokines, all of which have stimulatory or inhibitory effects on germ cell mitosis, meiosis and apoptosis and Sertoli cell tight junction formation, In addition, activation of TLR/IL1 mediated inflammatory pathways in the Sertoli cell inhibits its ability to respond to its principal trophic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone. Studies on the regulation of these interactions will further establish the role of the Sertoli cell in inflammation and infection. However, such studies also have important implications for normal Sertoli cell function, as TLRs can respond to endogenous ligands as well. Consequently, the Sertoli cell may be viewed as a sentinel cell, supporting and protecting spermatogenesis when conditions are optimal, but rapidly shutting down spermatogenesis in the presence of infection or illness. Intriguingly, these apparently disparate roles appear to involve common inflammation-related mechanisms.
Amino acid sequences of mouse 2.5S nerve growth factor. II. Isolation and characterization of the thermolytic and peptic peptides and the complete covalent structure (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmino acid sequences of mouse 2.5S nerve growth factor. II. Isolation and characterization of the thermolytic and peptic peptides and the complete covalent structureRuth Hogue Angeletti, Mark A. Hermodson, and Ralph A. BradshawCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 1, 100–115Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00725a018https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00725a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Effects of β <sub>1</sub> -Blockade on Oxidative Metabolism and the Metabolic Cost of Ventricular Work in Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction (2000)

Selective beta-blocker therapy with metoprolol leads to a reduction in oxidative metabolism and an improvement in cardiac efficiency in patients with LV dysfunction. It is likely that this energy-sparing effect contributes to the clinical benefits observed with beta-blocker therapy in this patient population.
A multi-channel instrumentation system for biosignal recording (2008)

This paper reports a highly integrated battery operated multi-channel instrumentation system intended for physiological signal recording. The mixed signal IC has been fabricated in standard 0.5microm 5V 3M-2P CMOS process and features 32 instrumentation amplifiers, four 8b SAR ADCs, a wireless power interface with Li-ion battery charger, low power bidirectional telemetry and FSM controller with power gating control for improved energy efficiency. The chip measures 3.2mm by 4.8mm and dissipates approximately 2.1mW when fully operational.
A Bypass of Sucrose Synthase Leads to Low Internal Oxygen and Impaired Metabolic Performance in Growing Potato Tubers (2003)

Plants possess two alternative biochemical pathways for sucrose (Suc) degradation. One involves hydrolysis by invertase followed by phosphorylation via hexokinase and fructokinase, and the other route-which is unique to plants-involves a UDP-dependent cleavage of Suc that is catalyzed by Suc synthase (SuSy). In the present work, we tested directly whether a bypass of the endogenous SuSy route by ectopic overexpression of invertase or Suc phosphorylase affects internal oxygen levels in growing tubers and whether this is responsible for their decreased starch content. (a) Oxygen tensions were lower within transgenic tubers than in wild-type tubers. Oxygen tensions decreased within the first 10 mm of tuber tissue, and this gradient was steeper in transgenic tubers. (b) Invertase-overexpressing tubers had higher activities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alcohol dehydrogenase, and (c) higher levels of lactate. (d) Expression of a low-oxygen-sensitive Adh1-beta-glucuronidase reporter gene construct was more strongly induced in the invertase-overexpressing background compared with wild-type background. (e) Intact transgenic tubers had lower ATP to ADP ratios than the wild type. ATP to ADP ratio was restored to wild type, when discs of transgenic tubers were incubated at 21% (v/v) oxygen. (f) Starch decreased from the periphery to the center of the tuber. This decrease was much steeper in the transgenic lines, leading to lower starch content especially near the center of the tuber. (g) Metabolic fluxes (based on redistribution of (14)C-glucose) and ATP to ADP ratios were analyzed in more detail, comparing discs incubated at various external oxygen tensions (0%, 1%, 4%, 8%, 12%, and 21% [v/v]) with intact tubers. Discs of Suc phosphorylase-expressing lines had similar ATP to ADP ratios and made starch as fast as wild type in high oxygen but had lower ATP to ADP ratios and lower rates of starch synthesis than wild type at low-oxygen tensions typical to those found inside an intact tuber. (h) In discs of wild-type tubers, subambient oxygen concentrations led to a selective increase in the mRNA levels of specific SuSy genes, whereas the mRNA levels of genes encoding vacuolar and apoplastic invertases decreased. (i) These results imply that repression of invertase and mobilization of Suc via the energetically less costly route provided by SuSy is important in growing tubers because it conserves oxygen and allows higher internal oxygen tensions to be maintained than would otherwise be possible.
Lock-In Assisted Soft Defect Localization (LIA-SDL) and Its Application in Scan Shift Problems (2005)

Abstract A new localization method called LIA-SDL is introduced and applied to scan shift problems. The method combines local thermal stimulation technique with lock-in technique applied to periodical test pattern. The localization capability on soft defects is shown in comparison with SDL. Same localization results are obtained. LIA-SDL technique requires no special LSM (Laser Scan Microscope) facilities and is quite easy to handle. Limits and prospects of this new methodology are shown at several analysis examples.
2136 (2017)

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Aim 1: To compare microbiome diversity among patients who develop BSI post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and patients without BSI. Aim 2: To compare microbiome diversity among patients who develop moderate to severe acute GVHD post HSCT and patients without GVHD. Aim 3: To describe alterations in specific bacterial orders (Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridia, and Lactobacillales) in pediatric patients undergoing HSCT. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Next-generation sequencing of the hypervariable V3 region of the 16s rRNA gene isolated from stool specimens collected at baseline (start of preparative regimen to transplant day), early (day 7–14 post HSCT), and late (day 21–28 post HSCT) from 46 children was performed. Microbiome diversity was assessed by the Shannon index as well as UniFrac analysis, and compared among patients with and without GVHD/BSI. Baseline bacterial diversity was compared among patients by primary diagnosis, race, timing of antibiotic introduction and method of supplemental nutrition. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Median age was 9 years (range 0.5–19.2 years). There were 36 patients with hematologic malignancies. Patients with nonmalignant disease had a characteristic pattern of microbiome diversity (and microbiota order distribution) at baseline that persisted throughout the first month of transplant ( p =0.004). Over all patients, there was an early and persistent drop in microbiome diversity throughout the transplant course. Early introduction of broad spectrum antibiotics (prior to transplant day) negatively impacted microbiome diversity ( p =0.02). There was no difference in microbiome diversity among patients who developed BSI, when compared with patients without BSI. Similarly, we did not find an association between microbiome diversity and the development of moderate to severe acute GVHD. Ongoing analysis is examining the individual variations in microbiome at the species level, and their relation to transplant characteristics and clinical outcomes. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: In our analysis, microbiome diversity decreased during HSCT, but in contrast to published data, mainly in adult HSCT populations, we found no association between gut microbiome diversity and GVHD or BSI. There are ongoing clinical trials in children and adults using probiotics in HSCT with the aim of decreasing GVHD. Further analysis of our data at the species level may further inform the relationship between gut microbiome alterations and HSCT complications in children and guide clinical interventions.