gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of two nonlinear adaptive control strategies (2002)

The performance of two adaptive controllers has been compared based on a simulation platform. The control schemes are composed of model based adaptive control and adaptive backstepping with MT-filter. Both of the adaptive controllers have been evaluated in terms of estimated parameter convergence, dynamic performance, and ability of disturbance rejection under the same nonlinear system.
Coronary heart disease in 48 autopsy patients 30 years old and younger. (1983)

We studied 48 autopsy patients younger than 30 years who had severe coronary atherosclerosis. Twenty-one patients (44%) died suddenly, 26 (54%) had a history of chest pain, and one had chronic congestive heart failure. Twenty-one patients (44%) had single-vessel disease, 19 (40%) had two-vessel disease, and only nine (16%) had three or four major coronary arteries severely narrowed (greater than 75% cross-sectional area luminal narrowing) by atherosclerotic plaques. Thrombi in coronary arteries were noted in 27 patients (56%) and the left anterior descending coronary artery was the most frequently involved. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was much less in patients younger than 30 years, and the atherosclerotic plaque consisted largely of foam cells, fibrous tissue, and pultaceous debris, with minimal calcific deposits. Thus, it is this population that is most likely to be susceptible to regression of the atherosclerotic plaque.
MONTE CARLO METHODS IN GEOPHYSICAL INVERSE PROBLEMS (2002)

Monte Carlo inversion techniques were first used by Earth scientists more than 30 years ago. Since that time they have been applied to a wide range of problems, from the inversion of free oscillation data for whole Earth seismic structure to studies at the meter‐scale lengths encountered in exploration seismology. This paper traces the development and application of Monte Carlo methods for inverse problems in the Earth sciences and in particular geophysics. The major developments in theory and application are traced from the earliest work of the Russian school and the pioneering studies in the west by Press [1968] to modern importance sampling and ensemble inference methods. The paper is divided into two parts. The first is a literature review, and the second is a summary of Monte Carlo techniques that are currently popular in geophysics. These include simulated annealing, genetic algorithms, and other importance sampling approaches. The objective is to act as both an introduction for newcomers to the field and a comprehensive reference source for researchers already familiar with Monte Carlo inversion. It is our hope that the paper will serve as a timely summary of an expanding and versatile methodology and also encourage applications to new areas of the Earth sciences.
Chromatographic Purification of Plant Viruses on Magnesium Pyrophosphate Gel (1969)

Summary Magnesium pyrophosphate gel (Mg-PPi), previously employed for the purification of animal viruses and bacteriophages, was used for the purification of plant viruses with filamentous and isometric particles. The viruses studied were turnip yellow mosaic, two strains of tomato bushy stunt and tobacco mosaic virus. Ultracentrifugal analysis of the purified products obtained indicated a high degree of purification. The infectivity of the preparation of the viruses was not altered by the chromatographic method. Intact were separated from empty isometric virus particles. Tobacco mosaic virus particles were separated according to their length and molecular weight.
Quantum interference and indistinguishability with femtosecond pulses (1997)

The generation of entangled states of three or more photons through the nonlinear process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion requires the use of a femtosecond pump to provide an indistinguishability of photon pairs generated from different nonlinear crystals. We demonstrate experimentally that the quantum interference between two photons generated in each of the nonlinear crystals will degrade significantly as the duration of the femtosecond pump pulse becomes shorter than the coherence time of the signal and idler photons. Spectral postselection using narrow-band filters compensates this effect at the expense of the photon flux available for detection.
Phase I and II Study of the Safety, Virologic Effect, and Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of Single-Dose 3-<i>O</i>-(3′,3′-Dimethylsuccinyl)Betulinic Acid (Bevirimat) against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (2007)

Bevirimat [3-O-(3',3'-dimethylsuccinyl)betulinic acid] is the first in a new class of anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drugs that inhibit viral maturation by specifically blocking cleavage of the Gag capsid (CA) precursor, CA-SP1, to mature CA protein, resulting in defective core condensation and release of immature noninfectious virions. Four cohorts of six HIV-infected adults, with CD4 counts of >200 and plasma viral loads of 5,000 to 250,000 transcripts/ml and not currently receiving antiretroviral therapy, were randomized to receive a single oral dose of placebo, 75, 150, or 250 mg of bevirimat. Thirty blood samples for drug concentrations and 20 HIV RNA measures were collected from each subject over a 20-day period. Candidate pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models were fit to individual subjects by maximum likelihood followed by Bayesian estimation; model discrimination was by corrected Akaike's Information Criterion. The bevirimat pharmacokinetics was well described by an oral two-compartment linear model (r(2), 0.98), with a mean (percent coefficient of variation) half-life of 60.3 (13.6) h and apparent oral clearance of bevirimat from the plasma compartment of 0.17 (18) liters/h. HIV RNA was modeled as being produced in infected CD4 cells, with bevirimat inhibiting infection of new CD4 cells thru a Hill-type function (r(2), 0.87). Single oral doses of bevirimat were well tolerated and demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in viral load. The average maximum reduction from baseline following the 150- and 250-mg doses was greater than 0.45 log(10), with individual patients having reductions of greater than 0.7 log(10). No bevirimat resistance mutations were detected during the course of the study.
Regional Shallow Soil-Gas Hydrocarbon Results in the Southeastern Atlantic Coastal Plain (1997)

Abstract A regional soil-gas study centered on the U.S. Department of Energy Savannah River Site (SRS), located in the southeast Atlantic Coastal Plain, was conducted between 1993 and 1996. The study involved 2870 samples in three separate sampling events and covered an area of ~3200 km2. The primary purpose of this study was to determine background values for various chemical constituents to aid in waste-unit screening at SRS. In addition, the study was conducted to support the evaluation of regional geology and possibly provide input from methane data into climatological models. Both free soil-air and soil-plug samples were obtained from the near-surface environment. Data distribution of soil-air and soil-plug values were generally analogous but differed in magnitude. Soil-plug C2–C4 and toluene showed sparse but clustering patterns most likely related to geological sources of hydrocarbon associated with the Riddleville and Dunbarton Triassic basins. Oxygen data suggest that the near-surface soils (to a depth of 1 m) were in full contact with the near-surface atmosphere. For all analytes, except methane and ethane/ethylene, modal values approached zero or were less than instrument detection limits. The presence of anomalous soil-gas constituents occurring naturally within the region, notably toluene and the light saturates ethane through butane, suggests that regional values must be considered when evaluating localized geochemical characterization. Additionally, this study confirms that there is a variation in soil-gas results as affected by different soil-air and soil-plug techniques. Regional values for C1 through C10 and halogenated hydrocarbons are presented.
Pattern recognition. Powerful approach to interpreting chemical data (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPattern recognition. Powerful approach to interpreting chemical dataB. R. Kowalski and C. F. BenderCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 16, 5632–5639Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00771a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00771a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views750Altmetric-Citations369LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficacy of RH5992, a New Insect Growth Regulator Against Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in a Boreal Forest (1997)

A field trial was conducted in 1993 to determine the efficacyof tebufenozide (RH5992) against spruce budworm, CllOristoneurafumiferanu (Clemens). An aqueous commercial formulation (Mimic 2F) was sprayed aerially with a Cessna 188 Ag-truck equipped with 4 rota!)' atomizers. Five application strategies involvingsingle and double applications,2 dosages (70 and 140 g [AI]/ha),and 3 applicationvolumes (1, 2, and 4liters/ba) were compared with an untreated control. The phenological development and larval and pupal weights of spruce budworms treated with tebufenozide differed significantlyfrom those in the control.
Syntheses, Structures, and Electrochemical Properties of Inclusion Compounds of Cucurbit[8]uril with Cobalt(III) and Nickel(II) Complexes (2008)

Inclusion compounds of a macrocyclic cavitand cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) with cobalt(III) and nickel(II) complexes of 1,3-diaminopropane (tn) and 1,3-diamino-2-propanol (tmOH) { trans-[Co(tn) 2Cl 2]@CB[8]}Cl.14H 2O ( 1), { trans-[Co(tmOH)(tmO)]@CB[8]}Cl 2.22H 2O ( 2), and { trans-[Ni(tmOH) 2]@CB[8]}Cl 2.22H 2O ( 3) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray single crystal analysis, IR spectroscopy, ESI-MS, and by solid-state stripping voltammetry. The encapsulation of trans-[Co(tn) 2Cl 2] (+) within the cavity of CB[8] stabilizes the complex toward ligand substitution reactions in aqueous solution. The electrochemical study demonstrates that CB[8] prefers the oxidized species in trans-[Co(tn) 2Cl 2] (+)/ trans-[Co(tn) 2Cl 2] (0) and trans-[Co(tmO)(tmOH) 2] (2+)/ trans-[Co(tmO)(tmOH) 2] (+) redox couples, but stabilizes the reduced form trans-[Ni(tmOH) 2] (2+) against the oxidized species. The reversibility of voltammogram shapes evidence that for the inclusion compounds 1- 3 electron transfer reactions proceed within the cavity of the host.
["Post-traumatic stress disorder"--historical aspects of a "modern" psychiatric illness in the German language areas]. (2003)

Although posttraumatic stress disorder has only recently been admitted into the international classification systems, psychological reactions to traumatic incidents have been frequently described for well over a hundred years. This article provides an overview of mental reactions to a trauma in different historical situations. It discusses the "railway spine injuries" of the 19th century, victims of accidents in which third party liability could be established, and the psychological consequences of the catastrophes that characterised the 20th century: World War I, the rule of National Socialism, World War II, the expulsion and persecution of political opponents in the former GDR. The analysis suggests that the different psychological reactions do not describe an identical disorder. It seems that reactions to injuries are mainly influenced by the historical and social background.
A Wireless Sensor Telemeter for in situ Cage Vibration Measurement and Corroboration with Analytical Results (2018)

This article presents both experimental and analytical investigations on the dynamic behavior of the cage in a ball bearing. For the experimental investigation, a wireless sensor telemeter system was designed and developed to monitor the cage motions. The sensor, which was integrated on the bearing cage, is composed of a commercially available capacitor–inductor (LC) circuit. The LC circuit on the rotating cage was coupled to a transceiver that was stationary and positioned in close proximity to the cage. In order to achieve the objective of the analytical investigation, the explicit finite element method (EFEM) was used to simulate the bearing cage. The EFEM cage model was then combined with the dynamic bearing model to simulate the cage motion during operation. The results from the experimental measurement using the telemeter were then compared with the analytical modeling. The developed telemeter demonstrated the capability of the cage telemeter in detecting various bearing frequencies. These include the cage frequency, shaft frequency, and ball pass frequency on the outer race (BPFO), which was introduced by creating a spall on the bearing outer race. Compared to standard accelerometers that are commonly used to measure vibrations on the bearing housing, the cage telemeter has shown advantages in sensing cage motions and detecting bearing defects regardless of the location of the damage. Analytical simulation using the EFEM cage model correlated well with the experimental results and provided more insight into the bearing cage dynamics.
Solution-Phase Parallel Synthesis of an Isoflavone Library for the Discovery of Novel Antigiardial Agents (2002)

Combinatorial chemistry has become a dramatically useful tool for the development of new medicinal agents. In the search to discover a novel and effective lead for the treatment of giardiasis, solution-phase synthesis of a library of isoflavone derivatives has been accomplished. Of the products screened, several compounds such as P(A1,B1) and P(A1,B11) exhibited potent antigiardial activity. The details of synthesis, in vitro antigiardial assay, and preliminary structure-activity relationships of these compounds are described.
Invasion of HeLa cells by Mycoplasma penetrans and the induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of a 145-kDa host cell protein (1995)

The ability of Mycoplasma penetrans to invade eukaryotic cells was studied using a HeLa cell line. The bactericidal antibiotic, gentamicin, in combination with low concentrations of Triton X-100, was utilized to kill mycoplasmas that had not entered the cells, allowing the quantitation of internalized organisms. The intracellular location of the mycoplasma was also documented by transmission electron microscopy. The actin polymerization inhibitor cytochalasin-D markedly inhibited the internalization process, whereas the tyrosine phosphorylation inhibitors, staurosporin and genistein had only a slight effect. As against the invasion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli which depends on tyrosine phosphorylation of a 90-kDa (Hp90) HeLa cell protein, internalization of M. penetrans by HeLa cells was independent of the phosphorylation of Hp90. Nonetheless, tyrosine phosphorylation of a 145-kDa HeLa cell protein was found to be associated with the interaction of M. penetrans with HeLa cells.
Fast image domain fractal compression by DCTdomain block matching (1995)

Fractal image compression entails a computationally costly search for matching image blocks. It is proposed that a block be represented by its DCT coefficients, which may be made invariant to many of the usual block transforms. Owing to the energy packing properties of the DCT, the efficiency of an existing multidimensional nearest neighbour search is improved.
Ethnic disparities among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in South Carolina. (2008)

In South Carolina, ethnic disparities in SLE mortality exist, predominantly among those with the least illness severity. Studies are planned to help clarify whether access and quality of care play a role.
<i>tert</i>-Butyl 6-<i>O</i>-benzyl-2,2-dichloro-2,5-dideoxy-4-<i>O</i>-methyl-α-<scp>D</scp>-<i>ribo</i>-oct-3-pyranulosonate (2003)

The unit cell of the title compound (III) contains two independent mol­ecules of C20H28Cl2O7, which differ only in the orientations of the pendant benzyl and hydroxy­methyl groups. The anomeric C-OH bonds are unusually short.
Magnetic resonance image‐guided salvage brachytherapy after radiation in select men who initially presented with favorable‐risk prostate cancer (2007)

Abstract BACKGROUND. The authors prospectively evaluated the late gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) control of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided brachytherapy used as salvage for radiation therapy (RT) failure. METHODS. From October 2000 to October 2005, 25 men with a rising PSA level and biopsy‐proven, intraprostatic cancer at least 2 years after initial RT (external beam in 13 men and brachytherapy in 12 men) who had favorable clinical features (Gleason score ≤7, PSA < 10 ng/mL, negative pelvic and bone imaging studies), received MRI‐guided salvage brachytherapy to a minimum peripheral dose of 137 gray on a phase 1/2 protocol. Estimates of toxicity and cancer control were calculated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. RESULTS. The median follow‐up was 47 months. The 4‐year estimate of grade 3 or 4 GI or GU toxicity was 30%, and 13% of patients required a colostomy and/or urostomy to repair a fistula. An interval < 4.5 years between RT courses was associated with both outcomes with a hazard ratio of 12 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.4–100; P = .02) for grade 3 or 4 toxicity and 25 (95% CI, 1.1–529; P = .04) for colostomy and/orurostomy. PSA control (nadir +2 definition) was 70% at 4 years. CONCLUSIONS. The current results indicated that MRI‐guided salvage brachytherapy in men who are selected based on presenting characteristics and postfailure PSA kinetics can achieve high PSA control rates, although complications requiring surgical intervention may occur in 10% to 15% of patients. Prospective randomized studies are needed to characterize the relative cancer control and toxicity after all forms of salvage local therapy. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
The Influence of Income and Prices on Global Dietary Patterns by Country, Age, and Gender (2017)

Worldwide changes in eating habits are contributing to a rise in obesity and chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes and heart disease, across all countries, including middle- and low-income countries. Now that many countries share common challenges related to food choice and public health, international organizations such as the World Health Organization have recommended global campaigns to address the rise of NCDs by implementing policies to improve diets. Although these organizations have proposed pricing and income policies, the effectiveness of such policies—based on income level and regional preferences, as well as on age and gender—could differ across countries. To address this issue, this study investigates how income and prices influence dietary habits globally. No prior studies have globally evaluated the influence of price and income on major dietary risk factors for NCDs by age or gender. In this report, nationally representative dietary intake data for 164 countries were used to derive income and own-price elasticities of food consumption across the spectrum of rich and poor countries. Our results show considerable differences among individuals across food groups, regions/countries, and age and gender subgroups. Similar to past studies of cross-country food demand, results also show that low-income countries are more affected by changes in income and food prices than are higher income countries.
Regulation of Early Events in Hyphal Elongation, Branching and Differentiation of Filamentous Fungi (2000)

In filamentous fungi, hyphal elongation, branching and morphogenesis are in many cases the key to successful saprophytic and pathogenic fungal proliferation. The understanding of the fungal morphogenetic response to environmental cues is in its infancy. Studies concerning the regulation of fungal growth and development (some of which have been obtained by the participating collaborators in this project) point to the fact that ser/thr protein kinases and phosphatases are (i) involved in the regulation of such processes and (ii) share common structural and functional features between saprophytes and pathogens. It is our objective to combine a pharmaceutical and a genetic approach in order to identify, characterize and functionally dissect some of the regulatory factors involved in hyphal growth, branching and differentiation. Using an immunohistochemical approach, a ser/thr protein kinase involved in hyphal elongation in both Neurospora crassa and Colletotrichum trifolii has been localized in order to identify the physical arena of regulation of hyphal elongation. The analysis of additional kinases and phosphatases (e.g. Protein kinase C, cAMP-dependent kinase, lipid-activated protein kinase, components of the type 2A protein phosphatase) as well as a RAS-related gene (an additional key participant in signal transduction) has been performed. In order to succeed in advancing the goals of this project, we have taken advantage of available elongation/branching mutants in N. crassa and continuously combined the accumulated information obtained while studying the two systems in order to dissect the elements involved in these processes. The various inhibitors/effectors analyzed can serve as a basis for modification to be used as anti-fungal compounds. Understanding the regulation of hyphal proliferation is a key requirement for identifying novel target points for either curbing fungal growth (as in the case of pathogenesis) or affecting growth patterns in various biotechnological processes. The major objective of our joint project was to advance our understanding of regulation of hyphal growth, especially during early events of fungal germination. Towards achieving this goal, we have coupled the analysis of a genetically tractable organism (N. crassa) with a plant pathogen o economic importance (C. trifolii). As the project progressed we believe that the results obtained have provided a reinforcement to our basic approach which called for combining the two fungal systems for a joint research project. On the one hand, we feel that much of the advance made was possible due to the amenability of N. crassa to genetic manipulations. The relevance of some of the initial findings obtained in Neurospora have been proven to be relevant to the plant pathogen while unique features of the pathogen have been identified in Colletotrichum. Most of the results obtained from this research project have been published. Thus, the main volume of this report is comprised of the relevant publications describing the research and results obtained.