gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of lithium-chromium ferrites Li<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2.5-<i>x</i></sub>Cr<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>4</sub> (1998)

Pure and chromium-substituted lithium ferrites have been made in air by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), a combustion process involving the reaction of lithium peroxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide and iron or chromium metal powders. Three series of SHS samples were produced: by SHS only; by SHS followed by sintering at C for 2 h; and by SHS in a magnetic field of 1.1 T followed by sintering at C for 2 h. X-ray data showed that a cubic spinel ferrite was produced in all cases, with single-phase products achieved after sintering. Systematic changes in lattice parameter were seen both as a function of Cr content and, for the sintered samples, as a result of the field applied during SHS. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the crystallites had sizes of order . Electron microprobe analysis and EDAX indicated that the samples were homogeneous and had the expected Fe-to-Cr ratios. Mössbauer and magnetic hysteresis data showed that there were significant changes in sublattice occupancy and nett magnetization with Cr content. Coercive forces in the Cr-doped ferrites were larger than those in pure compositions. Some differences between Mössbauer and magnetization parameters of the sintered zero-field and applied-field SHS samples were observed.
Microwave-Assisted Chemical Vapor Infiltration (2008)

Alumina fiber/α-alumina matrix composites have been formed by microwave-assisted chemical vapor infiltration (MCVI), taking advantage of thermal gradients developed by volumetric heating in combination with gas pressure gradients. Preforms consisted of 10–20 μm diameter fibers laid uniaxially into a cylindrical geometry 16 mm in diameter. The gaseous reactant mixture consisted of AICI3, H2, C02, and N2. Deposition was achievd by flowing reactants axially through the preform, inside which H20 is produced to hydrolyze AICI3. Heating was supplied by 2.45 GHz microwave energy in a single mode cavity with a perturbed TM012 mode. Heating was initiated with a fugitive additive which acted as a microwave susceptor. The radial thermal gradients produced preferential deposition initially near the preform center.
Flow cytometry of human embryonic kidney cells: A light scattering approach (1985)

The mammalian kidney contains cells that transport water, convert vitamin D to active forms, synthesize hormones such a renin and erythropoietin, and produce enzymes such as urokinase, a plasminogen activator. Several of these functions are maintained by human embryonic kidney cells (HEK) cultivated in vitro. Biochemical study of these functions in their individual cell types in vitro requires purified populations of cells. Light-scattering activated cell sorting (LACS) was explored as a means of achieving such purifications. It was found that HEK cells at the first 1 to 5 passages in culture were heterogeneous with respect to 2-parameter light scattering intensity distribution, in which combined measurements included forward angle scattering (2.5 to 19 deg), 90 deg scattering, and time-of-flight size measurements. Size was measured at a resolution of 0.15 microns/channel in 256 channels using pulse-height independent pulse-width measurements. Two-parameter distributions combining these measurements were obtained for HEK cell subpopulations that had been purified by microgravity electrophoresis and subsequently propagated in culture. These distributions contained at least 3 subpopulations in all purified fractions, and results of experiments with prepurified cultured HEK cells indicated that subpopulations of living cells that were high in plasminogen-activator activity also contained the highest per cent of cells with high 90 deg light scatter intensity.
Semiconductors: Controlled Growth from ZnS Nanoparticles to ZnS–CdS Nanoparticle Hybrids with Enhanced Photoactivity (Adv. Funct. Mater. 3/2015) (2015)

Zero-dimensional ZnS/CdS nanocomposites (NCs) are designed based on the controlled growth of ZnS nanoparticles by X. S. Fang and team on page 445. The as-obtained NCs are functionally versatile and offer great optoelectronic properties. For example, the photo-degradation rate of ZnS/CdS NCs towards organic dyes under UV light is three times as much as that of pure ZnS nano-particles, due to the effective charge separation and increased specific surface area.
Recent work with microcomputers for census processing in developing countries. (1989)

The use of microcomputers to process census data in developing countries is discussed. Specifically, the authors describe the Integrated Microcomputer Processing System (IMPS) developed by the U.S. Bureau of the Census and focus "on the recent experience of Burkina Faso and Senegal in using microcomputers. A summary is given of the use of IMPS by an increasing number of countries. Additionally, this paper describes the latest enhancements and future plans for IMPS. It concludes with some thoughts on the use of microcomputers in the areas of data collection and processing, as well as in the use and dissemination of census data."
Noise level correlates with manatee use of foraging habitats (2007)

The introduction of anthropogenic sound to coastal waters is a negative side effect of population growth. As noise from boats, marine construction, and coastal dredging increases, environmental and behavioral monitoring is needed to directly assess the effect these phenomena have on marine animals. Acoustic recordings, providing information on ambient noise levels and transient noise sources, were made in two manatee habitats: grassbeds and dredged habitats. Recordings were made over two 6-month periods from April to September in 2003 and 2004. Noise levels were calculated in one-third octave bands at nine center frequencies ranging from 250 Hz to 64 kHz. Manatee habitat usage, as a function of noise level, was examined during four time periods: morning, noon, afternoon, and night. Analysis of sightings data in a variety of grassbeds of equal species composition and density indicate that manatees select grassbeds with lower ambient noise for frequencies below 1 kHz. Additionally, grassbed usage was negatively correlated with concentrated boat presence in the morning hours; no correlation was observed during noon and afternoon hours. This suggests that morning boat presence and its associated noise may affect the use of foraging habitat on a daily time scale.
Experimental indication of a devil’s staircase structure in a smectic liquid crystal (1995)

Free-standing films of a chiral liquid-crystal compound have been studied by ellipsometry. In the temperature range between the ferroelectric smectic-C and the paraelectric smectic-A phase we observe in thick films a sequence of alternating antiferroelectric and ferrielectric states. The number of these states depends strongly on the number of the molecular layers of which the film consists. Our results suggest the existence of a large number of different states in the corresponding bulk sample which may be a confirmation of the devil's staircase structure proposed for these compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of Angiontensin Receptors on Remodeling Perivascular Nerves (2011)

Abstract Review: 13 refs.
Support Vector Machine accuracy improvement with k-means clustering (2013)

Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a classifier tool which, originally, uses a hyperplane as a border for separating two classes of data in hyperspace. However, if data from each class are not clustered together, the two classes might not be linearly separable. Typically, researchers attempted to resolve this issue by replacing the hyperplane with a complex border via kernel tricks. However, these kernel tricks could result in a longer training time or only a minute accuracy improvement (or both). On the other hand, if data from one class are separated into subclasses according to their proximity, then all the subclasses should be easily separated by hyperplanes. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to improve the accuracy of linear SVM by first applying k means clustering to each class of input data. Then, after clustered, a multi-classes linear SVM is trained using each subclass as a separate class. Thus, the trained SVM can identify any new input into a subclass which can be easily mapped to the correct class. To evaluate, the proposed method is experimentally used to classify images of Thai character where multiple fonts of characters can be taken as hidden clusters within classes. Empirically, the proposed method could achieve over 6% improvement from a linear SVM or SVMs with RBF or polynomial kernel.
Two-Step Laser Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry to Elucidate Organic Diversity in Planetary Surface Materials (2013)

Laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LD-TOF-MS) holds promise to be a low-mass, compact in situ analytical capability for future landed missions to planetary surfaces. The ability to analyze a solid sample for both mineralogical and preserved organic content with laser ionization could be compelling as part of a scientific mission pay-load that must be prepared for unanticipated discoveries. Targeted missions for this instrument capability include Mars, Europa, Enceladus, and small icy bodies, such as asteroids and comets.
Differential T-Cell Recognition of Native and Recombinant<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>GroES (1999)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis GroES was purified from culture filtrate, and its identity was confirmed by immunoblot analysis and N-terminal sequencing. Comparing the immunological recognition of native and recombinant GroES, we found that whereas native GroES elicited a strong proliferative response and release of gamma interferon-gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy tuberculin reactors, the recombinant protein failed to do so. The same difference in immunological recognition was observed in a mouse model of TB infection. Both the native and recombinant preparations were recognized by mice immunized with the recombinant protein. Biochemical characterization including sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, two-dimensional electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry analysis of both proteins demonstrated no differences between the native and recombinant forms of GroES except for the eight additional N-terminal amino acids derived from the fusion partner in recombinant GroES. The recombinant fusion protein, still tagged with the maltose binding protein, was recognized by T cells isolated from TB-infected mice if mixed with culture filtrate before affinity purification on an amylose column. The maltose binding protein treated in the same manner as a control preparation was not recognized. Based on the data presented, we suggest that the association of biologically active molecules from culture filtrate with the chaperone GroES may be responsible for the observed T-cell recognition of the native preparation.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins: A Structural Perspective (2012)

Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP-1 to -6) bind insulin-like growth factors-I and -II (IGF-I and IGF-II) with high affinity. These binding proteins maintain IGFs in the circulation and direct them to target tissues, where they promote cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and survival via the type 1 IGF receptor. IGFBPs also interact with many other molecules, which not only influence their modulation of IGF action but also mediate IGF-independent activities that regulate processes such as cell migration and apoptosis by modulating gene transcription. IGFBPs-1 to -6 are structurally similar proteins consisting of three distinct domains, N-terminal, linker, and C-terminal. There have been major advances in our understanding of IGFBP structure in the last decade and a half. While there is still no structure of an intact IGFBP, several structures of individual N- and C-domains have been solved. The structure of a complex of N-BP-4:IGF-I:C-BP-4 has also been solved, providing a detailed picture of the structural features of the IGF binding site and the mechanism of binding. Structural studies have also identified features important for interaction with extracellular matrix components and integrins. This review summarizes structural studies reported so far and highlights features important for binding not only IGF but also other partners. We also highlight future directions in which structural studies will add to our knowledge of the role played by the IGFBP family in normal growth and development, as well as in disease.
AI-based Enhancement of Access and Mobility Procedures in Cellular Networks: An Experimental Study (2021)

The 5G wireless networks support diverse use-cases particularly ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). One of the key challenges in supporting URLLC services is to enhance the performance of the random access procedure to guarantee the stringent latency requirements. This is not only challenging for URLLC services but any delay sensitive services like voice over LTE (VoLTE) or voice over New Radio (VoNR). The access and mobility procedures rely on the random access procedure. Enhancing this procedure using artificial intelligence can thus support even more stringent latency requirements. In this paper, we present an experimental study aiming at performance evaluation of the access and mobility procedures based on an experimentation and data collection from the Monroe platform. We study the main causes of the delay induced to the access and mobility procedures, and evaluate machine learning based techniques to classify different procedures in terms of experienced delay and failure. Such results take step towards enabling the User Equipment (UE) to take appropriate actions for coping with predicted sub-optimal access or mobility procedures.
Dynamics in a Pure Encounter Complex of Two Proteins Studied by Solution Scattering and Paramagnetic NMR Spectroscopy (2008)

In the general view of protein-complex formation, a transient and dynamic encounter complex proceeds to form a more stable, well-defined, and active form. In weak protein complexes, however, the encounter state can represent a significant population of the complex. The redox proteins adrenodoxin (Adx) and cytochrome c (C c) associate to form such a weak and short-lived complex, which is nevertheless active in electron transfer. To study the conformational freedom within the protein complex, the native complex has been compared to a cross-linked counterpart by using solution scattering and NMR spectroscopy. Oligomerization behavior of the native complex in solution revealed by small-angle X-ray scattering indicates a stochastic nature of complex formation. For the cross-linked complex, interprotein paramagnetic effects are observed, whereas for the native complex, extensive averaging occurs, consistent with multiple orientations of the proteins within the complex. Simulations show that C c samples about half of the surface area of adrenodoxin. It is concluded that the complex of Adx/C c is entirely dynamic and can be considered as a pure encounter complex.
Turning G Proteins On and Off Using Peptide Ligands (2006)

Intracellular Galpha subunits represent potential therapeutic targets for a number of diseases. Here we describe three classes of new molecules that modulate G protein signaling by direct targeting of Galpha. Using messenger RNA display, we have identified unique peptide sequences that bind Galpha i1 . Functionally, individual peptides were found that either enhance or repress basal levels of G protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channel signaling, a downstream effector of G protein activation, indicating that the peptides directly turn G proteins on or off in vivo . A third functional class acts as a signaling attenuator; basal GIRK channel activity is unaffected but responses to repeated G protein activation are reduced. These data demonstrate that G protein-directed ligands can achieve physiological effects similar to those resulting from classical receptor targeting and may serve as leads for developing new classes of therapeutics.
Hydrocortisone decreases retinal endothelial cell water and solute flux coincident with increased content and decreased phosphorylation of occludin (2002)

Corticosteroids provide an effective treatment to reduce edema for conditions in which the blood-brain or blood-retinal barrier is compromised. However, little is known about the mechanism by which these hormones affect endothelial cell function. We hypothesized that hydrocortisone would reduce transport of water and solutes across bovine retinal endothelial cell (BREC) monolayers coincident with changes to the tight junction protein occludin. Treatment of BREC with 103 nm hydrocortisone for two days significantly decreased water and solute transport across cell monolayers. Immunoblot analysis of occludin extracted in SDS or urea based buffers revealed a 1.65- or 2.57-fold increase in content, respectively. A similar two-fold increase in occludin mRNA was observed by real-time PCR. Immunocytochemistry revealed hydrocortisone dramatically increased both occludin and ZO-1 staining at the cell border. Additionally, 4 h of hydrocortisone treatment significantly reduced occludin phosphorylation. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a regulated decrease in occludin phosphorylation associated with increased barrier properties. In conclusion, hydrocortisone directly affects retinal endothelial cell barrier properties coincident with changes in occludin content, phosphorylation and tight junction assembly. Localized hydrocortisone therapy may be developed as a treatment option for patients suffering from retinal edema due to diabetes.
Otorhinolaryngology Emergency Unit Care: The Experience of a Large University Hospital in Italy (2000)

We recorded the symptoms and disposition of every patient who visited the otorhinolaryngology emergency department at our hospital in Rome, Italy, during 1996. During that time, our ENT specialists saw 21,548 patients. Only 311 of these patients (1.4%) required immediate hospitalization, while another 2,391 patients (11.1%) received treatment and were released. The other 18,846 patients (87.5%) did not have any pathology or condition that qualified as an actual emergency, and they were examined and released, often with a prescription or instructions for home care. These patients could have easily been treated by a family physician. The fact that emergency care in Italy is rendered free of charge (unlike ambulatory care, for which fees are charged) provides patients with a strong incentive to misuse the system. Such overutilization drives up the cost of health care and stretches the capacity of the medical staff. Steps need to be taken to redirect patients who misuse emergency services to seek medical care in ambulatory care centers.
Integrated antennas for wireless applications (2002)

Over the last two decades, the development of new printed and other planar antenna technology has fundamentally changed microwave engineering and microwave and millimeter wave communications. New planar antennas can be printed on substrates with minimal cost and processing. Low profile, highly efficient dielectric resonator antennas (DRA) have shown great potential with large bandwidth capabilities, low loss and flexibility over a large frequency range. In many new applications, these compact and low profile antennas, which can also be integrated with active devices, offer a practical and inexpensive solution to previously used configurations of waveguide or reflector-based antenna systems. Increased present and future demands by commercial wireless applications at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies require new innovations to exploit all the potential and flexibility that these classes of antennas could offer. This paper discusses these related issues by presenting several examples of some of the innovations in integrated planar active and passive antennas, and their related design and operations issues.
Cutting Characteristics of Piled-up Cardboards Subjected toWedge Indentation (2009)

In this paper, we describe a pushing-cut process using multiple pieces of a white-coated cardboard. In the cutting process of cardboards such as post cards, the cutting quality on wedged cardboards is empirically known to be affected by the piled-up pieces of the cardboards, friction coefficient, the thickness of the coated layer, the blade tip profile and other factors. In this work, the effects of mechanical conditions on the cardboard cutting characteristics were experimentally investigated by varying blade apex angle, the surface roughness of the blade, tip thickness and the number of piled-up pieces of cardboard. The following experimental results were obtained: (1) the breaking down and local minimum point of cutting line force were characterized using blade apex angle and tip thickness; (2) the position of the peaked line force for each layer depended on the number of piled-up pieces and its order; (3) an apex angle less than 42 degree is stable for the release of the breakdown layer, whereas an apex angle larger than 53 degrees is in a fairly sticky state and unstable for such release.
Defining and Exploiting Hypersensitivity Hotspots to Facilitate Abscisic Acid Agonist Optimization (2019)

Pyrabactin resistance 1 (PYR1) and related abscisic acid (ABA) receptors are new targets for manipulating plant drought tolerance. Here, we identify and use PYR1 hypersensitive mutants to define ligand binding hotspots and show that these can guide improvements in agonist potency. One hotspot residue defined, A160, is part of a pocket that is occupied by ABA's C6 methyl or by the toluyl methyl of the synthetic agonist quinabactin (QB). A series of QB analogues substituted at the toluyl position were synthesized and provide up to 10-fold gain in activity in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate that hypersensitive receptors can be used to improve the sensitivity of a previously described mammalian cell ABA-regulated transcriptional circuit by three orders of magnitude. Collectively, our data show that the systematic mapping of hypersensitivity sites in a ligand-binding pocket can help guide ligand optimization and tune the sensitivity of engineered receptors.
Synchronization of right atrial electrical activity during atrial fibrillation using multipolar basket catheter (2002)

The authors tested an Index of Synchronization (IS) between the electrical activations of relatively close atrial sites during various atrial tachiarrhythmias. Data were obtained using multipolar basket catheter in the right atrium, in 17 informed patients during normal sinus rhythm (NSR, 3 pts.), atrial flutter (AFlu, 2 pts.), high frequency pacing (HFP, 3 pts.) and Atrial Fibrillation (AF, 12 pts.), 10 segments each. From the 24 couples of bipoles of the same splines the authors extract a single averaged IS and its standard deviation. IS was 1 in NSR and HFP, 0.95/spl plusmn/0.02 during AFlu. During AF, IS varied significantly among the recording sites, showing a patient-dependent pattern and an increase of the arrhythmia complexity. In AF it provides a quantitative measure of the degree of coupling of various atrial sites. It can be considered as a descriptor of the electrophysiological properties of atrial tissues, whose clinical usefulness is worth to be further investigated.