gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differentiation stage and cell cycle position determine the chemotactic response of fibroblasts. (1996)

Human diploid fibroblasts can migrate in vitro towards a variety of chemoattractants, including proteins of the extracellular matrix and certain growth factors. Fibroblasts of various differentiation stages differ according to morphology as well as biochemical and cell biological criteria. We have in the present investigation compared defined differentiation stages of human dermal and lung fibroblasts with respect to their chemotactic responsiveness towards platelet-derived growth factor and a fragment of fibronectin. Proliferating mitotic fibroblast cell type MF II migrated whilst mitotic cell type MF III, postmitotic cell types PMF IV, PMF V, PMF VI, and mitotic cell types made quiescent by serum starvation or contact inhibition did not. Transformed cells could still respond to proteins of the extracellular matrix but not to growth factors. It is believed that these observations pertain to the situation in vivo and thus reveal an additional level of regulation during remodelling of connective tissues.
A New Method to I/O Combination on RAID Controller (2008)

Scheduling strategy of storage device is the main study issues about storage systems, and scheduling strategy affect I/O response time and equipment utilization. The operating mode about integrated parallel storage devices is different from a single storage mode, thus its scheduling strategy is clearly different from the individual storage devices. In this paper, integrated disk array as an example of I/O scheduling strategy, we raise and describe the incorporated I/O scheduling strategy based on the disk drive. Through the realization of I/O scheduling strategy and testing, the control I/O access time of incorporated I/O operation is obviously smaller than conventional control I/O access time. the result show that the data-transmission rate under the incorporated I/O operation is generally larger than the conventional data-transmission rate.
Effects of Maturity, Harvest Date, and Storage Time on Postharvest Quality of Red Raspberry Fruit (1987)

Abstract ‘Meeker’ red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruit harvested at three maturity stages [inception (IN), red ripe (RR), and processing ripe (PR)] on four harvest dates at weekly intervals were held 0, 3, 6, and 9 days at 0°C and 90-95% RH. Fruit retention strength, firmness, and titratable acidity decreased with increasing maturity, while berry weight, total anthocyanin concentration, pH, and postharvest rot incidence increased. Fruit were darker visually with increasing maturity when compared to color standards. Soluble solids differences among stages of maturity were not consistent for all harvest dates. During storage, fruit at all stages of maturity increased in pH, total anthocyanin concentration, and postharvest rot incidence, but decreased in titratable acidity and darkened visually. The rate of increase in anthocyanin concentration and visual darkening was greater for IN and RR fruit than PR fruit. Total anthocyanin concentration accounted for 85% of the variation in visual darkness. Changes in red hues during storage, and differences in red hues among stages of maturity, were not consistent for all harvests and were not related to total anthocyanin concentration. Firmness increased during storage for the first harvest date, but decreased for the remaining three harvests. Berry weight, firmness, and titratable acidity decreased for all stages of maturity with later harvest dates, while postharvest rot incidence increased. This decrease in berry weight was greater for RR fruit than IN or PR fruit. Harvest date affected pH and rate of weight loss of all maturity stages and fruit retention strength of IN and RR fruit, but not PR fruit. Total anthocyanin concentration increased with later harvest dates of PR fruit, but did not change in IN or RR fruit. Soluble solids decreased linearly with harvest date in IN and PR fruit, but changed nonlinearly in RR fruit.
Nucleic acid vibrational circular dichroism, absorption, and linear dichroism spectra. I. A DeVoe theory approach. (1997)

Infrared (IR) vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), absorption, and linear dichroism (LD) spectra of four homopolyribonucleotides, poly(rA), poly(rG), poly(rC), and poly(rU), have been calculated, in the 1750-1550 cm-1 spectral region, using the DeVoe polarizability theory. A newly derived algorithm, which approximates the Hilbert transform of imaginaries to reals, was used in the calculations to obtain real parts of oscillator polarizabilities associated with each normal mode. The calculated spectra of the polynucleotides were compared with previously measured solution spectra. The good agreement between calculated and measured polynucleotide spectra indicates, for the first time, that the DeVoe theory is a useful means of calculating the VCD and IR absorption spectra of polynucleotides. For the first time, calculated DeVoe theory VCD and IR absorption spectra of oriented polynucleotides are presented. The calculated VCD spectra for the oriented polynucleotides are used to predict the spectra for such measurements made in the future. The calculated IR spectra for the oriented polynucleotides are useful in interpreting the linear dichroism of the polynucleotides.
Characterization and developmental expression of a novel sulfotransferase for the biosynthesis of sulfoglucuronyl glycolipids in the nervous system. (1993)

Sulfoglucuronyl glycolipids (SGGLs) are temporally and spatially regulated molecules in the developing nervous system. A novel sulfotransferase (ST) from rat brain which catalyzes the terminal step in the biosynthesis in vitro of SGGLs is described. The enzyme catalyzes a transfer of sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to a hydroxyl group on carbon 3 of the terminal glucuronyl residue in IV3 beta-glucuronyl neolactotetraosylceramide (GlcAnLcOse4Cer) and VI3 beta-glucuronyl neolactohexaosylceramide (GlcAnLcOse6Cer) to form 3-sulfated glucuronyl glycolipids. The enzyme is highly specific for glucuronylglycolipids (GGLs) and requires the free-COOH group of the terminal glucuronic acid for reactivity. GGL:ST present in the microsomal membranes requires Mn2+ ions and a nonionic detergent, Triton X-100 for activity. The optimal pH is 7.2 with Tris-HCl buffer and Km values were 7 microM for 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate and 29 microM for GlcAnLcOse4Cer. GGL:ST was shown to be different from previously well studied galactocerebroside:sulfotransferase for the synthesis of myelin membrane-specific lipid sulfatide. This conclusion was based upon several criteria, i.e. including different requirements of incubation conditions for maximal activity, substrate competition experiments, different effects of heat, dithiothreitol, NaCl, and pyridoxal phosphate, as well as different profiles of expression of activity during development of the nervous tissues. The two enzymes were also partially resolved on a pyridoxal phosphate-ligated agarose column. Studies on the developmental expression of the GGL:ST in the rat cerebral cortex and cerebellum showed that it is not a regulatory enzyme controlling the expression of SGGLs in these neural tissues.
Aurora: An Approach to High Throughput Parallel Simulation (2006)

A master/worker paradigm for executing large-scale parallel discrete event simulation programs over networkenabled computational resources is proposed and evaluated. In contrast to conventional approaches to parallel simulation, a client/server architecture is proposed where clients (workers) repeatedly download state vectors of logical processes and associated message data from a server (master), perform simulation computations locally at the client, and then return the results back to the server. This process offers several potential advantages over conventional parallel discrete event simulation systems, including support for execution over heterogeneous distributed computing platforms, load balancing, efficient execution on shared platforms, easy addition or removal of client machines during program execution, simpler fault tolerance, and improved portability. A prototype implementation called the Aurora Parallel and Distributed Simulation System (Aurora) is described. The structure and interaction of the Aurora components is described. Results of an experimental performance evaluation are presented detailing primitive timings and application performance on both dedicated and shared computing platforms.
Systematic Review of Gender Bias in the Clinical Trials of New Long-Acting Antipsychotic Drugs (2019)

The clinical trials of long-acting atypical antipsychotic drugs show a far-from-negligible gender bias. Women are underrepresented, and the main and secondary variables are not analyzed separately according to gender. This is despite international recommendations establishing these criteria as part of a package of minimum requirements for meeting scientific validity and making results apt to extrapolate to the general population of patients.
THE IDENTITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES OF <i>PSEUDALETIA</i> (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN AUSTRALIA (1965)

Abstract The distribution in Australia of the two armyworms Pseudaletia convecta (Walk.), of which P. australis Franclemont is shown to be a synonym, and P. separata (Walk.) has been determined. The genitalia of both sexes are figured and the characters used for distinguishing the two species are discussed.
A CLINICAL METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE VENTILATORY RESPONSE TO CARBON DIOXIDE (1967)

Summary A simple method of studying the regulation of ventilation has been developed so that rapid serial observations can be made in sick patients. The method is based on the progressive increase of Pco 2 and the resulting stimulation of ventilation which occurs during rebreathing from a bag. A small bag is used in which the initial Pco 2 is close to the Pco 2 of mixed venous blood. With this technique, a Pco 2 equilibrium is rapidly established between mixed venous blood, arterial blood and end‐expiratory gas. Subsequently, parallel changes develop in end‐expiratory Pco 2 and ventilation. Under these conditions, changes in end‐expiratory Pco 2 reflect the changes of medullary chemoreceptor Pco 2 and the developing carbon dioxide stimulus. Experiments are reported which establish the linearity, reproducibility and normal range of response‐curves relating ventilation (V̇ E ) to end‐expiratory Pco 2 . These V̇ E /Pco 2 response‐lines were only slightly disturbed by simulated abnormality of the body carbon dioxide storage capacity or acute depletion of the body carbon dioxide stores. V̇ E /Pco 2 response‐lines obtained by rebreathing and by the prolonged steady‐state method differed significantly in position but not in slope. The similarity in slope implies that the same proportion, Δ end‐expiratory Pco 2 /Δ chemoreceptor Pco 2 , is established for the two methods. The difference in position indicates a smaller Pco 2 gradient between arterial blood and chemoreceptor tissue in the rebreathing method. The method is particularly suited for clinical use, being rapid, tolerable and easily repeated. It avoids the necessity for sampling arterial or internal jugular venous blood, and can be performed by the bedside with the use of simple apparatus.
Economic costs and trade impacts of microbial foodborne illness. (1997)

This article presents the economic costs of foodborne diseases for selected countries, the approaches used to calculate these costs, and a discussion on the interaction between microbial food safety issues and international trade in food. The human illness costs due to foodborne pathogens are estimated most completely in the United States of America, where, each year, 7 foodborne pathogens (Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli O157:H7. Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Toxoplasma gondii) cause an estimated 3.3-12.3 million cases of foodborne illness and up to 3900 deaths. These 7 pathogens are found in animal products and cost the United States an estimated $6.5-$34.9 billion (1995 US$) annually. The presence of foodborne pathogens in a country's food supply not only affects the health of the local population, but also represents a potential for spread to pathogens to visitors to the country and to consumers in countries which import food products. With more complete data on foodborne illnesses, deaths, costs and international trade rejections in each country, indicators could be developed by which changes in food safety can be monitored.
Low-Temperature Decontamination with Hydrogen Peroxide or Chlorine Dioxide for Space Applications (2012)

The currently used microbial decontamination method for spacecraft and components uses dry-heat microbial reduction at temperatures of >110°C for extended periods to prevent the contamination of extraplanetary destinations. This process is effective and reproducible, but it is also long and costly and precludes the use of heat-labile materials. The need for an alternative to dry-heat microbial reduction has been identified by space agencies. Investigations assessing the biological efficacy of two gaseous decontamination technologies, vapor hydrogen peroxide (Steris) and chlorine dioxide (ClorDiSys), were undertaken in a 20-m(3) exposure chamber. Five spore-forming Bacillus spp. were exposed on stainless steel coupons to vaporized hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide gas. Exposure for 20 min to vapor hydrogen peroxide resulted in 6- and 5-log reductions in the recovery of Bacillus atrophaeus and Geobacillus stearothermophilus, respectively. However, in comparison, chlorine dioxide required an exposure period of 60 min to reduce both B. atrophaeus and G. stearothermophilus by 5 logs. Of the three other Bacillus spp. tested, Bacillus thuringiensis proved the most resistant to hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide with D values of 175.4 s and 6.6 h, respectively. Both low-temperature decontamination technologies proved effective at reducing the Bacillus spp. tested within the exposure ranges by over 5 logs, with the exception of B. thuringiensis, which was more resistant to both technologies. These results indicate that a review of the indicator organism choice and loading could provide a more appropriate and realistic challenge for the sterilization procedures used in the space industry.
Oxidative Coupling of Methane to Higher Hydrocarbons (1988)

Abstract Natural gas is an abundant resource in various parts of the world. Methane is the major component of natural gas, often comprising over 90 mol% of the hydrocarbon fraction of the gas. Methane itself is primarily used as a fuel, while the nonmethane components can be separated and used as feedstocks for the production of chemicals or liquid fuels. In many cases, however, natural gas reserves are found in locations distant from their place of utilization. Since it is not generally economical to transport liquefied natural gas, efficient methods are needed to convert methane into transportable liquid products. A possible route is oxidative dimerization of methane followed by oligomer-ization of the C2 products.
Multilayers as spin-wave emitting diodes (1997)

Magnon-electron interaction is enhanced in the vicinity of an interface between ferromagnetic and normal layers, in metallic thin films. When a dc current crosses this interface, stimulated emission of spin-waves is predicted to take place. Beyond a certain critical current density ≃107 A/cm2, a spontaneous precession of the magnetization is predicted to arise. This SWASER (Spin Wave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) is the magnetic equivalent of the injection laser. In the earlier theories, the thickness of the precessing magnetic layer was assumed to be larger than the electron mean free path. We now treat the case of general value of that thickness L2x. The current-induced amplification rate of spin-waves is proportional to L2x in the limit L2x≃0, and goes through a maximum for L2x≃π/|k↑−k↓|. Here, k↑ and k↓ are the spin-up and spin-down Fermi wave numbers. At larger L2x, the amplification rate of spin-waves decreases towards zero. On that general decrease are superposed damped periodic variations of wavelength ≃2π/|k↑−k↓|.
Spectral Graph Theory and its Applications (2007)

Spectral graph theory is the study of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices associated with graphs. In this tutorial, we will try to provide some intuition as to why these eigenvectors and eigenvalues have combinatorial significance, and will sitn'ey some of their applications.
The adaptive beam forming algorithm based on MIMO array with Particle Swarm Optimization (2010)

How to reduce interference between terminals and control side lobe have become hot spots in 4G communication research. In this paper, the beam forming algorithm based on MIMO array with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed to improve modulation waveform and adaptability, furthermore, side lobe suppression is achieved. Because PSO is used to deal with the adaptive beam forming, the algorithm can make the smart track flexible enough and interference suppression much better. The stimulation results acquired from MATLAB indicate that the algorithm is intelligent, openness, and strong scalability, which can be flexibly controlled of gain and side lobe, on-demand optimization of wave-line, so that the optimizing mobile communication channel can be beneficially achieved.
A Study on Correlation Between Subjective Assessment and EEG for Essential Odors (2001)

In the present study, the correlation between subjective assessment and EEG for essential odors were investigated quantitatively. EEG signals were measured from 19 electrodes according to the International 10-20 system (Fp1, Fp2, F3/4, F7/8, Fz, C3/4, Cz, P3/4, Pz, T3/4, T5/6, O1/2) from 8 healthy males subjects for four odor(Rose oil bulgarian, Lemon oil misitano, jasmin abs, Laverder oil france (KIMEX co. Ltd) conditions. The result of the subjective assessment shows the most pleasant odor for each subject. and the power spectrum of of EEG signals from the most pleasant odor was compared with those from the control condition, which has no odor at all. Power spectrum of of EEG from the most pleasant odor was increased significantly at T4, T6 compared to the control condition. This result implies that the parameter, power spectrum of , could be an important index for signifying the levels of pleasantness for odors.
What dose of vitamin E is required to reduce susceptibility of LDL to oxidation? (1996)

Vitamin E in a dose of 500 IU/day will significantly reduce the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. Whether or not this treatment will consistently reduce the future incidence of coronary artery disease will only be answered by further clinical trials.
Nebulized Albuterol in Acute Childhood Asthma: Comparison of Two Doses (1990)

Thirty-three children and adolescents from 5 to 17 years of age with moderate to severe acute asthma were given nebulized albuterol therapy in either a high (0.30 mg/kg body weight) or standard (0.15 mg/kg) dose administered at three hourly intervals in a randomized double-blind study. The high-dose hourly regimen resulted in significantly greater improvement in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). Furthermore, patients receiving the high dose showed a steady improvement in the FEV1 from the start to the end of the study, whereas FEV1 plateaued after the second dose in the standard-dose group. Although a rise in heart rate and a fall in serum potassium level occurred, neither of these changes nor other side effects were different in the two groups. The high-dose therapy resulted in much higher serum albuterol levels than the standard dose. There was no correlation between the drug levels and side effects or initial and subsequent FEV1. It is concluded that occasional hourly high-dose albuterol therapy should be considered for some pediatric patients with acute asthma of moderate severity, especially those who relapse between doses.
Studies on the ribosomal RNA operons of<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (1992)

A 23S rRNA gene of Listeria monocytogenes was cloned into pUC19 on a 6.2-kb PstI fragment. Hybridisation studies demonstrated the presence of the 5S and partial 16S rRNA genes within the clone. The nucleotide sequence of the region encoding the 23S rRNA was found to be highly homologous with those of other low G + C Gram-positive bacteria. The 16S–23S intergenic spacer region was amplified using PCR technology and revealed two product sizes, the larger of which contained tRNAAla and tRNAIleu genes. Further tRNA genes were found downstream of the 5S rRNA gene.
Electrical parameters of soils in the frequency range from 1 kHz to 1 GHz, using lumped‐circuit methods (2001)

For studying electrical properties of soil samples with various compositions and water contents, we applied a lumped‐circuit approach. The extension of this method up to 1GHz was made possible by using a coaxial sample holder. The complex electrical parameters of soils, such as the relative permittivity , conductivity , and resistivity , were obtained by measuring the magnitude Z and phase ϕ of the sample impedance . The experimental setup is described in our previous paper [ Levitskaya and Sternberg, 2000]. The relative real permittivity ε′ and imaginary permittivity (dielectric losses) ε″ for high‐loss soils from Arizona decrease with frequency and increase with water content. Regression equations, derived for the relative permittivity ε′ versus water content at a given frequency, can be used to determine the water content in soil from ε′ data. The third‐degree polynomial equations, which relate the relative permittivity to the volumetric soil moisture content, are different for various frequencies. The complex electrical resistivity components ρ′ and ρ″ reveal a time‐dependent polarization process at frequencies above 1 MHz, which shifts to higher frequencies with increasing water content. The propagation parameters, such as attenuation constant α, phase velocity V p , and penetration depth P , which we calculated from the electrical parameters, also depend on soil wetness. Our comparison of the electrical and propagation parameters for different soils shows that the high‐loss soil samples from Avra Valley, Arizona, have higher values ε′ and ε″, higher attenuation constant α, and lower penetration depth P than the low‐loss soils from Brookhaven, New York. For example, at 500 MHz, a high‐loss soil (Avra Valley) with volumetric moisture content of ∼10%, exhibits an attenuation of 43 dB/m, whereas for a low‐loss soil (Brookhaven) with the same wetness the attenuation constant is only 4 dB/m. We also note that very dry, clean sand in a sheltered “sand box,” which is a favorite medium for testing ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), is usually not representative of natural conditions. Therefore, GPR data from such “sand box” experiments must be used with considerable caution because they yield unrealistically large penetration depths and unnatural target responses.