gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maturation Decreases Ethanol Minimum Alveolar Anesthetic Concentration (MAC) More than Desflurane MAC in Rats (1997)

The potency of conventional inhaled anesthetics increases with increasing age: the 50% effective dose (minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration [MAC]) for anesthesia in the neonatal animal or human exceeds MAC in the young adult by approximately 30% to 60%. We tested whether this relationship also applies to the alkanols, using ethanol as a representative alkanol. We found that the MAC of ethanol in neonatal rats was 1.86 times (86% greater than) the MAC for adult rats, based on ethanol partial pressures determined from brain specimens. In contrast, the MAC of desflurane in neonatal rats was 1.19 times (19% greater than) the MAC for adult rats, less than one-fourth the 86% found for ethanol. These differences must be explained by any unitary theory of narcosis. Alternatively, the mechanistic basis for alkanol versus conventional inhaled anesthetics may differ in part or whole.
A Handbook of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, 2nd Edition By Ray Freeman (Cambridge University). Addison Wesley Longman:  Essex. 1997. xx + 344 pp. £45.00. ISBN 0-582-25184-2. (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTA Handbook of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, 2nd Edition By Ray Freeman (Cambridge University). Addison Wesley Longman: Essex. 1997. xx + 344 pp. £45.00. ISBN 0-582-25184-2.Peter L. RinaldiView Author Information The University of AkronCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 16, 4053Publication Date (Web):February 24, 1998Publication History Published online24 February 1998Published inissue 1 April 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9755931https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9755931book-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views226Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,Pharmaceuticals,Sensors,Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy Get e-Alerts
Frequency response calibration of recess-mounted pressure transducers (1991)

A technique is described for measuring the frequency response of pressure transducers mounted inside a model, where a narrow pipette leads to an orifice at the surface. An acoustic driver is mounted to a small chamber which has an opening at the opposite end with an O-ring seal to place over the orifice. A 3.18 mm (1/8 inch) reference microphone is mounted to one side of the chamber. The acoustic driver receives an input of white noise, and the transducer and reference microphone outputs are compared to obtain the frequency response of the pressure transducer. Selected results are presented in the form of power spectra for both the transducer and the reference, as well as the amplitude variation and phase shift between the two signals as a function of frequency. The effect of pipette length and the use of this technique for identifying both blocked orifices and faulty transducers are described.
Capillary Electrophoresis Separations on a Planar Chip with the Column-Coupling Configuration of the Separation Channels (2000)

Some basic aspects of capillary electrophoresis (CE) separations on a poly(methyl methacrylate) chip provided with two separation channels in the column-coupling (CC) configuration and on-column conductivity detectors were studied. The CE methods employed in this study included isotachophoresis (ITP), capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), and CZE with on-line ITP sample pretreatment (ITP-CZE). Hydrodynamic and electroosmotic flows of the solution in the separation compartment of the chip were suppressed, and electrophoresis was a dominant transport process in the separations performed by these methods. Very reproducible migration velocities of the separated constituents were typical under such transport conditions, and consequently, test analytes could be quantified by various ITP techniques with 1-2% RSD. The CC configuration of the separation channels provides means for an effective combination of an enhanced load capacity of the separation system with high detection sensitivities for the analytes in concentration-cascade ITP separations. In this way, for example, succinate, acetate, and benzoate could be separated also in instances when they were present in the loaded sample (1.2 microL) at 1 mmol/L concentrations while their limits of detection ranged from 8 to 12 micromol/L concentrations. A well-defined ITP concentration of the analyte(s) combined with an in-column sample cleanup (via an electrophoretically driven removal of the matrix constituents from the separation compartment) can be integrated into the separations performed on the CC chip. These sample pretreatment capabilities were investigated in ITP-CZE separations of model samples in which nitrite, phosphate, and fluoride (each at a 10 micromol/L concentration) accompanied matrix constituents (sulfate and chloride) at considerably higher concentrations. Here, both the concentration of the analytes and cleanup of the sample were included in the ITP separation in the first separation channel while the second separation channel served for the CZE separation of the ITP pretreated sample and the detection of the analytes.
Novel Image-Based 3D Reconstruction of the Human Jaw using Shape from Shading and Feature Descriptors (2011)

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for 3D surface reconstruction of the human jaw. Due to the difficulties of setting up a data acquisition system inside the mouth, we use an intra-oral camera to capture a sequence of calibrated images. These images are registered together to build a panoramic view of the jaw. We incorporate a shape from shading(SFS) algorithm that benefits from camera calibration parameters to build a 3D model from the panoramic image obtained from the previous stage. Our approach results in a 3D surface which has more fine details compared with those resulting from other literature techniques. We will demonstrate different artificial jaws surfaces reconstruction to show the efficiency of our system.
Novel poly(3,4‐dialkoxythiophene)s carrying 1,3,4‐oxadiazolyl‐biphenyl moieties: synthesis and nonlinear optical studies (2010)

Abstract Two new donor–acceptor types of polymer, poly{2‐(biphenyl‐4‐yl)‐5‐[3,4‐dialkoxy‐5‐(1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)thiophen‐2‐yl]‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole}s, were synthesized starting from 2,2′‐sulfanediyldiacetic acid and diethyl ethanedioate through multi‐step reactions. The polymerization was carried out via the polyhydrazide precursor route. The optical and charge‐transporting properties of the polymers were investigated using UV‐visible and fluorescence emission spectroscopic and cyclic voltammetric studies. The polymers showed bluish‐green fluorescence in solutions. The electrochemical band gaps of the polymers were determined to be 2.16 and 2.22 eV. The nonlinear optical properties of the polymers were investigated at 532 nm using the single‐beam Z‐scan technique with nanosecond laser pulses. The polymers showed strong optical limiting behaviour due to effective three‐photon absorption. The values of the three‐photon absorption coefficients for the polymers were found to be 9 × 10 −24 and 17 × 10 −24 m 3 W −2 , which are comparable to those of good optical limiting materials. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Immunological and chemical purity of papain-solubilized HL-A antigens. (1975)

Three preparations of purified papain-solublized HL-A antigens have been radiolabeled by reductive methylation using formaldehyde and potassium boro[3H]hydride, and their reaction with specific HL-A antisera has been investigated. Greater than 99 percent of the radioactivity in the [3H]HL-A2 preparation could be complexed with several HL-A2 antisera, but not with specificity controls. The other two preparations, which contained mixtures of HL-A antigenic specificities (HL-A7,12 an HL-A3,W25;12,27), showed 63 per cent and 70 per cent complex formation with mixtures of the appropriate HL-A antisera. The N-terminal amino acid of both subunits has been determined for the three HL-A antigen preparations. In all cases the only detectable N-terminal amino acids were isoleucine for the small subunits, beta-2-microblogulin, and glycine for the larger subunit.
Graph-Induced Multilinear Maps from Lattices. (2014)

Graded multilinear encodings have found extensive applications in cryptography ranging from non-interactive key exchange protocols, to broadcast and attribute-based encryption, and even to software obfuscation. Despite seemingly unlimited applicability, essentially only two candidate constructions are known (GGH and CLT). In this work, we describe a new graphinduced multilinear encoding scheme from lattices. In a graph-induced multilinear encoding scheme the arithmetic operations that are allowed are restricted through an explicitly defined directed graph (somewhat similar to the “asymmetric variant” of previous schemes). Our construction encodes Learning With Errors (LWE) samples in short square matrices of higher dimensions. Addition and multiplication of the encodings corresponds naturally to addition and multiplication of the LWE secrets. ∗Email: sergeyg@mit.edu. Work partially performed at IBM T.J. Watson Research Center. Supported by Microsoft PhD fellowship.
A CONCEPTUAL OVERVIEW OF ADVANCE (1992)

ADVANCE (Advanced Driver and Vehicle Advisory Navigation Concept) is a joint venture involving the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT), the Illinois Universities Transportation Research Consortium (Northwestern University and the University of Illinois at Chicago), and Motorola. Financial and other support for ADVANCE is provided by FHWA, IDOT, and numerous private commercial sources interested in participating in the program. ADVANCE will implement a large-scale field demonstration and evaluation of dynamic route guidance system concepts. When full deployed, the ADVANCE system will involve some 5,000 vehicles operating within about a 200 square mile test area in northwest suburban Chicago. Each vehicle will be equipped with a navigation system capable of dynamic route selection and route guidance.
Unsupervised Discrimination of Clustered Data via Optimization of Binary Information Gain (1992)

We present the information-theoretic derivation of a learning algorithm that clusters unlabelled data with linear discriminants. In contrast to methods that try to preserve information about the input patterns, we maximize the information gained from observing the output of robust binary discriminators implemented with sigmoid nodes. We derive a local weight adaptation rule via gradient ascent in this objective, demonstrate its dynamics on some simple data sets, relate our approach to previous work and suggest directions in which it may be extended. 1
50076 SIMULATION OF GROUSER-SOIL INTERACTION USING 3-DIMENSIONAL DEM(Vehicle Dynamics & Control including Tire Dynamics) (2010)

Signing for tracked vehicles that are operated on unpaved roads or soft ground, it is important to analyze the interaction between a machine and soil. In vehicles with a crawler such as a bulldozer and loading shovel, interaction analysis is done for the decrease of examination frequency and the performance increase. However, this is difficult to analyze because the interaction and the soil behavior such as compression, shear, friction and soil adhesion, are complex. Recently, with improvements of computers, the method of simulation concerning powder behavior has progressed and the simulation of complex particle behavior has become possible in the field of powder technology. As such, the Distinct Element Method (DEM) is received attention in the field of terramechanics. DEM uses various simulations analyzing the interaction between a machine and the ground. However, conventional DEM has the problem of a sphere approximation of each particle. This means that particle roughness of the soil is not considered. Soil behavior, especially 3-D behavior, is influenced by particle roughness because the soil condition is changed by compaction. In this research, the soil model considering particle roughness is built to express the varying shape of soil particles. Particle roughness is expressed by using "particle clusters," which contain some sphere particles as an agglomeration. Vehicles running on soft ground get traction force by shear resistance from the ground. It is reported that the shear resistance is maximized under the front-idler of the vehicle. In this research, attention is focused on the interaction under the front-idler, that is, traction of the soil by a grouser in the driving system. To validate the interaction simulation between grouser and soil by using this soil model, 3-D traction simulations and experiments were carried out. Comparing the results of the simulations and experiments in soil behavior, it was shown that simulation models conformed closely to experimental soil behavior in shear face and soil flow. Also, it could be found that traction resistance on the simulations was qualitatively similar to that on the experiments. Therefore, this soil model considering particle roughness was validated.
Mini-Review: Endocrine Actions of Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 (2008)

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 is an atypical member of the fibroblast growth factor family of signaling molecules. FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23 comprise a phylogenetic subfamily with attributes that distinguish them from typical FGFs. The FGF19 subfamily has reduced heparin binding resulting from a disrupted beta-trefoil domain. Reduced heparin binding allows these FGFs to diffuse beyond their site of origin and act as endocrine hormones. This family of FGFs is regulated, at least in part, by nuclear hormone receptors. FGF19 expression is regulated by the farnesoid X receptor, a nuclear hormone receptor that is a key regulator of bile acid biosynthesis and transport. In line with its regulation by a bile acid receptor, FGF19 is involved in the regulation of bile acid biosynthesis and gallbladder filling. FGF19 originates from intestine and signals to liver via the portal circulation with a pronounced diurnal pattern. FGF19 is the only FGF to not have a closely related mouse homologue. The mouse homologue of FGF19, called FGF15, is only 53% identical to the human FGF19. FGF19 transgenic mice and mice administered exogenous FGF19 are resistant to the effects of a high fat diet, suggesting FGF19 may play a role in metabolic signaling pathways. Hepatocellular carcinoma is seen in mice, predominantly female mice, exposed to FGF19. Further investigation into the cellular mechanisms involved in these activities will allow better understanding of FGF19 biology in the context of human physiology.
The Electrochemical Detection and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solution (2011)

Current spikes after collision: Analysis of current transients arising from impacts between the nanoparticles and an electrode surface (see picture) can be used to detect, identify, and determine the size of silver nanoparticles. This provides an exciting new strategy for the characterization of metal nanoparticles for analytical and environmental monitoring applications.
Enhanced human brain associative plasticity in Costello syndrome (2010)

Costello syndrome (CS) is a rare multiple congenital anomaly disorder which is caused by germline mutations in the v-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (HRAS) proto-oncogene. Experimental data suggest perturbing effects of the mutated protein on the functional and structural organization of networks of cerebral cortex and on the activity-dependent strengthening of synaptic transmission known as long term potentiation (LTP). In five patients with molecularly proven diagnosis of CS and in a group of 13 age-matched control subjects we investigated activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. To this end, we used a paired associative stimulation (PAS) protocol, in which left ulnar nerve stimuli were followed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulses to right cortical hand area, and recorded motor evoked potentials (MEPs) by single pulse TMS from left first dorsal interosseus (FDI) muscle before and after PAS. In 4 out of 5 CS patients and in a subgroup of nine control subjects we also evaluated the time course and the topographical specificity of PAS after-effects. In these two subgroups, MEPs were measured before, immediately after and 30 min after PAS in the left FDI and left abductor pollicis brevis (APB). While the PAS protocol led to a 65% increase of the FDI MEP amplitude in controls, the LTP-like phenomenon was significantly more pronounced in CS patients, with motor responses increased by 230%. In addition, CS patients showed a similar MEP increase in both muscles while control subjects showed a slight increase in APB and only immediately after PAS. We hypothesize that the extremely enhanced PAS after-effects could be due to the influence of HRAS activity on the susceptibility of synapses to undergo LTP.
Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography of Wool (1990)

Pyrolysis gas chromatography was used to study the content of tyrosyl residues in wool and the depletion of those residues by chemical reaction with nitrous acid. Wool samples that had undergone nitrosation of varying duration were analyzed by Curie- Point pyrolysis coupled with capillary column GC and flame ionization detection. The inertness of phenylalanyl residues to nitrosation permitted phenylalanine to be used as an internal standard. Peak areas for phenol and para-cresol—pyrolysis prod ucts—were compared to peak areas for phenylacetonitrile—a pyrolysis product of , phenylalanine. There was a linear relationship between the ratio of those peak areas and the molar ratio of Tyr / Phe, as determined by amino acid analysis, and another linear relationship for mixtures of known composition of polypeptides poly-tyrosine and poly-phenylalanine, but with a large difference in the slope from the line generated from the wool data. The difference was probably related to the relatively high con centration of terminal phenylalanyl groups in the polypeptide, which would result in the production of relatively larger amounts of phenylacetonitrile in the synthetic ma terial than in wool. The overall results demonstrated that damage to tyrosyl residues during the chemical processing of wool may be easily assessed using pyrolysis gas chromatography.
Synthesis of iron carbonyl clusters with trigonal-bipyramidal E2Fe3 cores (E = Ge, Si). Crystal structures of (.mu.3-GeEt)2Fe3(CO)9, [.mu.3-Ge{Fe(CO)2Cp}]2Fe3(CO)9, and [.mu.3-Si{Fe(CO)2Cp}]2Fe3(CO)9 (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of iron carbonyl clusters with trigonal-bipyramidal E2Fe3 cores (E = Ge, Si). Crystal structures of (.mu.3-GeEt)2Fe3(CO)9, [.mu.3-Ge{Fe(CO)2Cp}]2Fe3(CO)9, and [.mu.3-Si{Fe(CO)2Cp}]2Fe3(CO)9Skelte G. Anema, Kenneth M. Mackay, Brian K. Nicholson, and Martin Van TielCite this: Organometallics 1990, 9, 9, 2436–2442Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00159a010https://doi.org/10.1021/om00159a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Depth data calibration and enhancement of time-of-flight video-plus-depth camera (2011)

In this paper, we present a method to calibrate and enhance depth information captured by an infrared (IR)-based time-of-flight video-plus-depth camera called “Kinect camera”. For depth data calibration, we use color and IR images of a chessboard with on-off halogen light sources to calculate camera parameters of the video and IR sensors in the Kinect camera. For depth data enhancement, we introduce weighted joint bilateral filtering based on distance transform of the color and depth images. Experimental results show that our method calibrates the video and depth sensors successfully and reduces the noise in captured depth images efficiently.
Further Studies on Oxidative Induction Test on Medical Polymers (1997)

We have published previously initial results on the application of the oxidative induction test to a wide variety of medical polymers. This is a continuation and further elaboration on the earlier study. For medical flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) compounds, the traditional measure of degree of degradation by color formation was found to correlate to measured oxidative induction times. Furthermore, three distinct regimes were also detected. In the initial phase of degradation, little color formation was detected for significant decreases in the induction time. This is followed by a nearly linear regime. Finally in the terminal regime, where the stabilizer were nearly exhausted the color increased exponentially. This observation was interpreted by the established mechanism of PVC degradation. In another series with polyolefins, several subtle phenomena were observed that may have utility in either optimizing the stabilization package or predicting long term shelf life. It was found that significant antioxidant losses occurred at typical experimental temperatures above 200°C. Much better shelf life predictions can be obtained by collecting data at lower temperatures. And the inflection point on the activation energy plot corresponded to the antioxidant volatilization temperature.