gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of the complex upstream region of the GDH2 gene in nitrogen regulation of the NAD-linked glutamate dehydrogenase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1991)

We analyzed the upstream region of the GDH2 gene, which encodes the NAD-linked glutamate dehydrogenase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, for elements important for the regulation of the gene by the nitrogen source. The levels of this enzyme are high in cells grown with glutamate as the sole source of nitrogen and low in cells grown with glutamine or ammonium. We found that this regulation occurs at the level of transcription and that a total of six sites are required to cause a CYC1-lacZ fusion to the GDH2 gene to be regulated in the same manner as the NAD-linked glutamate dehydrogenase. Two sites behaved as upstream activation sites (UASs). The remaining four sites were found to block the effects of the two UASs in such a way that the GDH2-CYC1-lacZ fusion was not expressed unless the cells containing it were grown under conditions favorable for the activity of both UASs. This complex regulatory system appears to account for the fact that GDH2 expression is exquisitely sensitive to glutamine, whereas the expression of GLN1, coding for glutamine synthetase, is not nearly as sensitive.
The role of Product-service Systems Regarding Information Feedback Transfer in the Product Life-cycle Including Remanufacturing (2016)

With a Product-Service System (PSS), the producer often has control of its products during multiple life-cycles, and thus there are more incentives for design for service and remanufacturing in comparison to traditional sales. The aim of this paper is to explore the role of PSS regarding information feedback transfer in the product life-cycle including remanufacturing. The paper explores two industrial cases where PSS does not yet act as a facilitator for transferring information feedback from remanufacturing to product designers. However, the full potential of PSS is not yet utilized at the companies, and their products are neither designed for PSS nor remanufacturing.
The BnGRF2 gene (GRF2-like gene from Brassica napus) enhances seed oil production through regulating cell number and plant photosynthesis (2012)

Seed yield and oil content are two important agricultural characteristics in oil crop breeding, and a lot of functional gene research is being concentrated on increasing these factors. In this study, by differential gene expression analyses between rapeseed lines (zy036 and 51070) which exhibit different levels of seed oil production, BnGRF2 (Brassica napus growth-regulating factor 2-like gene) was identified in the high oil-producing line zy036. To elucidate the possible roles of BnGRF2 in seed oil production, the cDNA sequences of the rapeseed GRF2 gene were isolated. The Blastn result showed that rapeseed contained BnGRF2a/2b which were located in the A genome (A1 and A3) and C genome (C1 and C6), respectively, and the dominantly expressed gene BnGRF2a was chosen for transgenic research. Analysis of 35S-BnGRF2a transgenic Arabidopsis showed that overexpressed BnGRF2a resulted in an increase in seed oil production of >50%. Moreover, BnGRF2a also induced a >20% enlargement in extended leaves and >40% improvement in photosynthetic efficiency because of an increase in the chlorophyll content. Furthermore, transcriptome analyses indicated that some genes associated with cell proliferation, photosynthesis, and oil synthesis were up-regulated, which revealed that cell number and plant photosynthesis contributed to the increased seed weight and oil content. Because of less efficient self-fertilization induced by the longer pistil in the 35S-BnGRF2a transgenic line, Napin-BnGRF2a transgenic lines were further used to identify the function of BnGRF2, and the results showed that seed oil production also could increase >40% compared with the wild-type control. The results suggest that improvement to economically important characteristics in oil crops may be achieved by manipulation of the GRF2 expression level.
The role of organic amendments in soil reclamation: A review (2012)

Larney, F. J. and Angers, D. A. 2012. The role of organic amendments in soil reclamation: A review. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 19–38. A basic tenet of sustainable soil management is that current human activities are not detrimental to future generations. Soils are degraded by natural events (erosion) or industrial activity. A prevalent feature of degraded or disturbed soils is lack of organic matter compared with adjacent undisturbed areas. Organic amendments, such as livestock manure, biosolids, pulp and paper mill by-products, wood residuals and crop residues, are produced in abundance in Canada and could be widely used in soil reclamation. Biosolids production is ∼0.5 Tg yr −1 (dry wt.); paper mill sludge generated in the province of Quebec was ∼2 Tg (wet wt.) in 2002. This review paper examines mechanisms through which organic amendments affect soil properties (physical, chemical, biological) and describes the role of organic amendments in reclamation, with emphasis on amendment types and application rates for soil amelioration and biomass production. Single large applications of organic amendments can accelerate initial reclamation and lead to self-sustaining net primary productivity. Readily decomposable organic amendments may provide immediate, but transient, effects, whereas stable, less decomposable materials may provide longer-lasting effects. Using organic amendments for reclamation is mutually beneficial wherein waste products from agriculture, forestry and urban areas help other sectors meet their land reclamation goals.
Metal ion induced porous HKUST-1 nano/microcrystals with controllable morphology and size (2016)

Porous coordination polymer HKUST-1 [Cu3(BTC)2] (H3BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarbocylic acid) nano/microcrystals have been fabricated by an environment friendly facile direct precipitation method at room temperature using inorganic salts such as NaNO3, NaCl, NaBr, KNO3, KCl and KBr as additives. It is found that the concentration of the inorganic salt has an important impact on the morphology and size of the HKUST-1 crystals, and their morphology changed from cube to cuboctahedron and finally to octahedron by increasing the concentration of inorganic salts. Gas adsorption measurements reveal that HKUST-1 nano/microcrystals with different morphologies show high specific surface areas, and their gas sorption properties depend on the crystal morphology and size.
Effectiveness of Probiotics in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (2008)

Recently, the use of tegaserod and alosetron -- drugs approved for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) -- has been restricted because of adverse events. This has resulted in a need for additional modalities for the treatment of IBS. Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of probiotics in the global relief of symptoms associated with IBS and in the improvement of flatulence, abdominal pain, transit time, and bacterial counts. Using the MEDLINE database from 1966-October 2007 and manually searching article references for relevant articles and abstracts, we identified 14 blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trials of the effectiveness of probiotics in the treatment of IBS. Of 11 studies in which overall symptom relief was assessed, seven indicated a significant improvement with probiotics versus placebo. Five of eight investigations of abdominal pain and distention revealed a benefit with probiotic use. Four studies demonstrated an improvement in symptomatic flatulence in probiotic treatment groups, whereas one study showed no significant benefit. Four of five studies of the effects of probiotics on colonic transit time revealed a benefit compared with placebo. As probiotics have shown benefit and possess a favorable adverse-effect profile, their use may represent an option for symptom relief in patients with IBS. However, additional data are necessary before probiotics can become a standard of care in the treatment of IBS, a complex and chronic condition.
Improved synthesis of Cefsulodin (2007)

OBJECTIVE To improve the process of the synthesis of Cefsulodin.METHODS Cefsulodin was prepared,taking phenylacetic acid as the starting material,followed by sulfonation,resolution,acylation,amidation and substitution,in 5 steps totally.RESULTS and CONCLUSION The proportion of the ingredients and the method of the postprocessing had been improved in the process of synthesis of the key intermediate α-sulfobenzyl cephalosporin, with the increased yield from 30% to 42%.
Preparation of Edible Grade Dye and Pigments From Natural Sources Bixa Orellenae Linn (2010)

Annatto is a natural colouring agent obtained from the outer coats of the seeds of the tropical shrub Bixa orellana. The major colour principles of annatto are the carotenoids bixin. Annatto seeds were collected from the local market and it was ground by mortar and pestle. The ground annatto was taken in a steam distillation and evaporated. After the evaporation the sample was dried and ground .The ground annatto seeds are steam distilled in order to remove the odor. It is possible to remove upto 6.42 % of the volatile substances from the annatto. Then different solvents were put on trial and error basis to get the optimum extract of bixin color. All of the extracting solvents gave dark red color of bixin. The used solvents are 95 % ethanol,(cold extraction) 95% ethanol (hot extraction), 10% glacial acetic acid, 100% glacial acetic acid, 1% alkaline solution , 0.5% alkaline solution and 0.25 % alkaline solution .Among the lots of extracting chemical solvents 0.25% alkaline solution gave the optimum color. It could extract upto 41% of the bixin from the annatto seeds. The alkaline solution was afterwards neutralized by acetic acid. Then the collected bixin was taken for a set of characterizations such as FTIR. S ince pigments are mostly water insoluble with exceptions of certain pigments of biological origin. Results of the color extraction from the fresh and the dried annatto seeds indicated that the extract from the fresh gave the higher color intensity. From the data it is seen that the longer the extraction time, the more the concentration of the gardenia fruit color extracted from either the dried or the fresh annatto seeds. Owing to the volatile essential oil present in the bixa seeds studied, the efficiency of the color extraction might be interfered. Therefore, the investigations on the color extraction from the annatto seeds with different levels of fat content were performed. Food colorants may be classified into synthetic, nature-identical, inorganic, and natural colorants. Colorant shows activity when applied to a substance. Colorants become the most sensitive part of any commodity not only for its appeal but also, it enhances consumer acceptability The color from bright green spinach, ruby red strawberry, and deep orange pum making a light - screen support; and to increase acceptability of food as an appetizing item. Though chemically very similar, differences in their chemical properties present several challenges to the analytical chemist with respect to stereochemistry, solubility, chromatographic behaviour and stability. This review focuses on the chemistry, stability, and analysis of annatto pertaining to its use as a permitted. Index Term-- annatto, bixin, achiote, genotoxicity.
Discrimination Between Benign and Malignant Adnexal Masses by Specialist Ultrasound Examination Versus Serum CA-125 (2007)

Pattern recognition was superior to serum CA-125 for discrimination between benign and malignant adnexal masses.
c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Enhances MST1-mediated Pro-apoptotic Signaling through Phosphorylation at Serine 82 (2009)

Protein kinases play an important role in the maintenance of homeostasis between cell survival and apoptosis. Deregulation of these kinases leads to various pathological manifestations, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The MST1 encodes a serine/threonine kinase that is activated upon apoptotic stimulation, which in turn phosphorylates its downstream targets, Histone H2B and FOXO. However, the upstream regulators of MST1 kinase have been poorly studied. In this study, we report that JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) phosphorylates MST1 at serine 82, which leads to the enhancement of MST1 activation. Accordingly, the activation of MST1 phosphorylates FOXO3 at serine 207 and promotes cell death. The inhibition of JNK kinase per se attenuates MST1 activity and nuclear translocation as well as MST1-induced apoptosis. We also find the S82A (serine mutated to alanine) diminishes MST1 activation and its effect on the FOXO transcription activity. Collectively, these findings define the novel feedback regulation of MST1 kinase activation by its putative substrate, JNK, with implication for our understanding of the signaling mechanism during cell death.
Prospective and Retrospective Provenance Collection in Scientific Workflow Environments (2010)

Provenance, a record of the derivation history of scientific results, is critical for scientific workflows to support reproducibility, result interpretation, and problem diagnosis. Both prospective provenance, which captures an abstract workflow specification as a recipe for future data derivation, and retrospective provenance, which captures past workflow execution and data derivation information, provide important contextual information for the comprehensive analysis of scientific results. In this paper, we explore and design: i) a provenance model that models both prospective and retrospective provenance as an extension to the Open Provenance Model (OPM), which only models retrospective provenance; ii) a provenance collection framework to collect both prospective and retrospective provenance according to our model; iii) a relational provenance store to store, reason, and query prospective and retrospective provenance, which is captured via the proposed provenance collection framework. An experimental study is performed to show the performance of our provenance store using provenance queries for the Third Provenance Challenge. While most existing systems use an internal proprietary provenance model and develop an import/export facility to convert between the proprietary model and OPM, our provenance collection framework and provenance store feature the native support of OPM.
Low Plasma Ghrelin Level in Gastrectomized Patients Is Accompanied by Enhanced Sensitivity to the Ghrelin-Induced Growth Hormone Release (2005)

Ghrelin is a brain-gut peptide with potent GH-releasing activities. It has been suggested that the majority of circulating ghrelin originates from the stomach, with a smaller portion from the small intestine. Gastrectomy (GASTRX) significantly reduces circulating ghrelin concentrations. The implication of decreased circulating ghrelin on the somatotropic axis post GASTRX has not been studied. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the somatotropic axis in 10 gastrectomized patients who underwent total GASTRX for various reasons at least 2 yr ago. At baseline circulating total ghrelin, GH, IGF-I, and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 levels were measured. The GH stimulation test consisted of an insulin-induced hypoglycemia, ghrelin in two iv bolus doses (0.1 and 1 microg/kg), and a GHRH test. GH sensitivity was assessed by an IGF-I generation test. All the tests were performed 2 wk apart. At baseline serum ghrelin levels were reduced by 55% in GASTRX patients, compared with the control group (P < 0.05). IGF-I (P < 0.05) and IGFBP-3 (P < 0.01) levels were also significantly lower than in controls. GH response to the insulin-induced hypoglycemia test in both GASTRX and control subjects was of similar magnitude, whereas circulating plasma ghrelin levels in GASTRX patients were not modified during hypoglycemia. Both doses (0.1 and 1.0 microg/kg) of ghrelin stimulated GH release significantly more in GASTRX than control subjects, respectively (peak mean GH +/- se: 18.2 +/- 5.6 vs. 5.4 +/- 1.3 microg/liter, P < 0.03; and 58.7 +/- 7.5 vs. 35.3 +/- 1.9 microg/liter, P < 0.01). There was no difference in GHRH-induced GH response between GASTRX patients and control subjects (P > 0.05). Concomitantly, increased increments in IGF-I and IGFBP-3 to a single bolus of GH were found (P < 0.03). In conclusion, our data suggest that low circulating ghrelin levels, found in GASTRX patients, are accompanied by enhanced ghrelin sensitivity with respect to GH response. This is associated with increased GH responsiveness. GASTRX is a state of acquired chronic hypoghrelinemia that may require replacement with ghrelin, and it is tempting to speculate that this may affect the GH-IGF-IGFBP axis.
The synthesis of block copolymers of styrene and methyl methacrylate (1954)

A. S. Dunn, B. D. Stead and H. W. Melville, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1954, 50, 279 DOI: 10.1039/TF9545000279
Best Practices (2003)

Now that you are at the point of beginning development on a portal project, it is important for you to know some best practices of the development process. The knowledge gained in this book is enough to build the simplest to the most advanced portals. However, there are rules and guides that will aid you in this process. None of the topics we discuss in this chapter are necessary. However, it is globally suggested that these best practices be given consideration.
Medicinal plants of Kashmir and Ladakh: Temperate and cold arid Himalaya (1997)

This life is the outcome of author's field studies and provides scientific information on 111 selected medicinal plants occurring in Kashmir and Ladakh. A chapter on traditional knowledge on healing properties of plants giving ethno-medical uses of 291 plants is included.
The U.S. & Canada's Top Rail Projects for 2008 (2008)

The annul survey of rail projects by METRO magazine puts New Jersey Transit at the top of the funding list for U.S. and Canadian rail projects for 2009. It has $14.6 billion worth of projects. The total funding for the top 10 is $70 billion, with American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funds providing a large increase. New Jersey Transit’s showing displaces the perennial number one occupant, New York City Transit. This year it occupies the number two spot, with a little over $8.1 billion. Other notable changes in the rankings include Seattle’s Sound Transit, which is now fourth in spending, up from 8th. Denver’s Regional Transportation District (RTD) and the San Francisco Municipal Railway are three and five, respectively. New Jersey Transit is receiving $424 million under the ARRA. One of its largest undertakings is the Mass Transit Tunnel (MTT) project, which will produce two new trans-Hudson commuter rail tunnels and an expanded Penn Station. Across the survey, funding is up nearly $20 billion from 2008 and is the largest since 2004. The railcar fleet mix continues to be dominated by heavy rail, at 59 percent, and it appears that they will remain the vehicle of choice in the future. The MTA’s New York City Transit has the largest rail fleet, with 6,774 railcars, followed by Amtrak, with 1,545.
Impact of short-time nasal intubation on postoperative respiration. (2000)

Until now few data on postoperative nasal respiration after nasal intubation is known which is of special importance for surgery, where postoperative intermaxillary fixation is necessary. This study was planned to acquire information about nasal breathing during the first postoperative week. Twelve patients treated for mandibular retrognathism were examined repeatedly by way of anterior active rhinometry, acoustic rhinometry, and rhinoresistometry before and after surgery over one week. In addition the subjective evaluation was checked on a visual analogue scale. Following intubation, significant changes in "objective" and subjective measurements of nasal respiration could be noted only on the second postoperative day. Comparing rhinomanometric and subjective data, a correlation could be found on postoperative day two only. In this study group short-time nasal intubation had no significant impact on postoperative respiration.
Outer rotor switched reluctance motor design for in-wheel drive of electric bus applications (2012)

In this era of electrified transportation, switched reluctance motor (SRM) is emerging as a prospective replacement to traditional electric motors especially for large heavy duty vehicles such as the electric bus. This paper proposes the design and analysis of a novel outer rotor in-wheel SRM. The integration of the motor housing inside the wheel rim saves significant space and eliminates the need for additional mechanical parts used in the centralized drive. The developed concept of short flux path configuration in this research manuscript has shown additional important features compared to previous SRM designs and a substantial increase in efficiency is reported. The procedures of deriving the output power equation as a function of the motor dimensions and parameters are explained in detail. Comparative finite element analysis (FEA) has been performed between the developed machine and a commercially available conventional SRM to elicit the merits of the developed machine. The results obtained through FEA investigations show that there is a reduction of torque ripple and a considerable increase in motor efficiency.
Hybridizing genetic algorithms with hill-climbing methods for global optimization: two possible ways (2002)

Two methods of hybridizing genetic algorithms (GA) with hill-climbing for global optimization are investigated. The first one involves two interwoven levels of optimization-evolution (GA) and individual learning (hill-climbing)-which cooperate in the global optimization process. The second one consists of modifying a GA by the introduction of new genetic operators or by the alteration of traditional ones in such a way that these new operators capture the basic mechanisms of hill-climbing. The simplex-GA is one of the possibilities explained and tested. These two methods are applied and compared for the maximization of complex functions defined in high-dimensional real space.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Minimum Miscibility Pressure Study Using Impure CO2 and West Texas Oil Systems: Data Base, Correlations, and Compositional Simulation (1985)

ABSTRACT This paper presents results from the study to improve the impure CO2 minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) prediction capability. The MMP data base was obtained from laboratory slim tube runs. Rigorous criteria for MMP determinations were established. These data were correlated as a function of mole fraction of contaminants in CO2, as a function of injection gas pseudocritical properties, and using a modified Peng-Robinson equation of state, with average errors in the range of 2 to 6 percent. The CO2 impurities were N2, C1, C2, C3, C5. Concentrations of impurities varied from 0 to 30 mole percent. Comparisons with literature data indicate that the correlations, although developed using only West Texas oils, can be generalized to include a wide spectrum of reservoir fluids. These correlations, when compared to others in the literature, are found to be superior for injection gas mixtures which contain nitrogen and methane contaminants. An ARCO developed compositional simulator was calibrated using slim tube and PVT data from the West Texas oil-CO2 system. The model simulates recovery curves reasonably well and predicts the pure and impure CO2 minimum miscibility pressures for West Texas oils to within 50-150 psi.