gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Osmotic second virial cross coefficients for star and linear polystyrenes (2000)

Experimental osmotic second virial cross coefficients are reported for linear and 8-arm star polystyrenes in three solvents: toluene, cyclohexane, and methylcyclohexane. The osmotic second virial cross coefficient for 8-arm star and linear polystyrene is always positive and within the osmotic second virial coefficients measured for the single polymers. The positive cross coefficient indicates net repulsion between the two different polymers in dilute solution. The extent of repulsion is greatest in toluene and least in cyclohexane. To relate the macroscopic second virial coefficient to microscopic interactions, the potential of mean force between linear and 6-arm star polymers was computed by molecular simulation. The interaction between nonbonded polymer segments is given by a square-well potential. Well width was set equal to one half of the segment diameter. Different solvent conditions were investigated by using different well depths. Potentials of mean force were then used to compute the osmotic second virial cross coefficients.
Pharmaka mit Wirkung auf die NO-Signaltransduktion (2001)

Organische Nitrate setzen NO innerhalb vaskulärer Zellen frei. Diese Pharmaka werden enzymatisch zu NO und den denitrierten Metaboliten umgesetzt [102, 103]. Diese Reaktion erfordert einen Transport von 3 Elektronen auf den Nitratstickstoff und wird wahrscheinlich im Wesentlichen durch Cytochrom P 450 Enzyme wie CYP3A4 katalysiert [104]. Sowohl glatte Muskelzellen als auch vaskuläre Endothelzellen sind in der Lage, NO aus organischen Nitraten freizusetzen. Dies bewirkt nicht nur eine Vasodilatation, sondern ist vermutlich auch mit vasoprotektiven Effekten verbunden (s. o.). Diese Hypothese ist in mehreren tierexperimentellen Studien geprüft worden. Die orale Applikation von Pentaerithrityltetranitrat (PETN) über 4 Monate reduzierte die Bildung vaskulärer Läsionen und verhinderte die Ausbildung einer endothelialen Dysfunktion im hypercholesterolämischen Kaninchen [105]. Dieser protektive Effekt von PETN konnte in einer weiteren Studie bestätigt werden. Darüber hinaus ließ sich nachweisen, dass die antiatherosklerotische Wirksamkeit von PETN auch bei bereits etablierter Atherosklerose auftritt [106]. Außerdem ließ sich zeigen, dass PETN die Oxidation von LDL reduziert. In einer weiteren Studie traten ähnliche antiatherosklerotische Effekte auch nach oraler Gabe von Isosorbidmononitrat auf (nicht publizierte Daten des Autors).
Purification and characterization of cephalosporin 7α-hydroxylase from <i>Streptomyces clavuligerus</i> (1991)

Cephalosporin 7 alpha-hydroxylase, which catalyses the conversion of cephalosporins into their 7 alpha-hydroxy derivatives, was purified nearly 390-fold from Streptomyces clavuligerus through ion-exchange chromatography, (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, gel filtration and dye chromatography, with the use of h.p.l.c. to monitor enzyme activity. The nearly pure enzyme migrates as a single major band, with an Mr of 32,000 in SDS/PAGE. Its optimum pH is in the range 7.3-7.7. Under our conditions the reaction was fastest at temperatures in the range 20-30 degrees C. The Km for cephalosporin C is 0.72 mM, and the Vmax. is 15.4 mumol of cephalosporin C hydroxylated/min per mg. Cephalosporin 7 alpha-hydroxylase did not show any deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase or deacetoxycephalosporin C hydroxylase activity.
Simulation as a tool for biopolymers design (2014)

New materials made from biobased raw materials can be formulated faster with computer simulation of their reaction chemistry
A mode-transforming polarization-rotatable launcher for the ATF fusion experiment (2003)

The Advanced Toroidal Facility (ATF) fusion energy experiment at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory requires high-power microwaves for startup and plasma heating. Power from a gyrotron oscillator tube at 53.2 GHz will be used to ionize and heat the plasma by the electron cyclotron heating process. The confining magnetic field of the device is either 0.95 or 1.9 T. The gyrotron tube generates 200 kW in the TE/sub 02/ mode, which is transported in an overmoded 6.35 cm diameter circular waveguide to the ATF vacuum vessel. The launcher consists of a mode-converting Vlasov section, which converts the nonpolarized TE/sub 02/ wave into a linearly polarized narrow beam. The beam reflects off a tilted spherical reflector grating and is focused at the center of the plasma. The launcher design and laboratory measurements are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Healing Course of Primate Ulna Segmental Defects Treated With Osteogenic Protein-1 (2002)

Twelve African green monkeys were implanted with recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (rhOP-1) placed on a bovine bone-derived Type I collagen carrier to characterize healing in an ulna segmental bone defect model at 1, 3, 12, and 20 weeks postoperative. Defect healing was evaluated by plain film radiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bone mineral density (BMD), and histologic analysis. Radiographically, new bone formation was observed as early as 3 weeks postoperative. By 6 weeks, new bone was visible in five of six defects. Increased quantity and mineralization of the new bone were apparent by 12 weeks. Reformation of the medullary cavity with appearance of marrow elements was demonstrated by CT and MRI at 20 weeks. BMD studies revealed a significant increase in the presence of bone with time. Histology at 1 week demonstrated that the implant material was well contained in the defect, and a proliferation of cells occurred at the defect borders. At 3 weeks cell proliferation continued and cell phenotype differentiation was recognized. By 12 weeks substantially less residual carrier was found in the defects, and calcifying tissues with plump chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and immature woven bone were observed. Areas of lamellar and woven bone were identified at 12 weeks, with advanced remodeling and revascularization observed at 20 weeks. The use of osteoinductive implants may provide an alternative to autologous and allogeneic bone tissue in the therapeutic approach to bone defects and promotion of fusion by eliminating the donor site morbidity associated with autogenous bone and the decreased efficacy and potential for disease transmission associated with allogeneic bone.
Activation of <i>bis</i>-Electrophiles to Mutagenic Conjugates by Human <i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-Alkylguanine-DNA Alkyltransferase (2004)

O6-Alkylguanine DNA-alkyl transferase (AGT) has been shown to conjugate both 1,2-dibromoethane and dibromomethane, yielding AGT inactivation, DNA-AGT cross-linking, and enhanced mutagenicity. A variety of related chemicals were examined to determine if similar phenomena occur. Among the compounds examined in these systems (histidine operon reversion in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium tester strains), a strong halide order was generally observed, with increasing activities in the order I > Br ≫ Cl. At least one Br atom appeared to be required for human AGT-dependent mutations, and compounds with only Cl did not inhibit AGT and were not activated to genotoxins. Of a series of haloforms tested (CHX3, X = Br or Cl), all were without effect. Among a series of α,ω-disubstituted dihaloalkanes (Br or I), the inactivation of AGT increased with methylene chain length (at least up to n = 5) but the most mutagenic activity (AGT-dependent) was seen with n = 1−3. The effects with n = 1 or 2 were expected from previous results; the mutagenic effect with n = 3 and the reduction with n > 3 may represent a balance between AGT reaction, stability, and reactivity, in the absence of anchimeric assistance. A strong AGT-dependent mutation was observed for 1,3-butadiene diepoxide. We conclude that numerous bis-electrophiles show AGT-dependent activation to mutagenic conjugates. Haloforms and dichloroalkanes are therefore not an issue, but bromohaloalkanes and 1,3-butadiene diepoxide are potential problems. These observations are of relevance in considering toxicity and risks of some chemicals used in industrial applications.
Global asymptotic stabilization of visually-servoed manipulators (1999)

In this paper, the problem of controlling the relative pose between a robot camera and a rigid object of interest is solved using nonlinear system theory. The camera-object visual interaction model is derived in the state space form in terms of image points. Then it is shown that the image-based visual system is completely controllable. Moreover, as a consequence of nonlinear controllability, global uniform asymptotic stability of the image reference set-point is formally proved using Lyapunov's direct method. Active contours are used to track the 2-D projection of the visible object's surface in the image plane, and 3-D estimation procedure based on prediction errors is used to cope with the unknown depth of the object. Experimental results with a 6-DOF robot manipulator endowed with a camera on its wrist validate the framework.
Enhancement of the Phosphorescence of Organic Luminophores upon Interaction with a Mercury Trifunctional Lewis Acid (2003)

The interaction of the trinuclear mercury(II) complex [(o-C(6)F(4)Hg)(3)] (1) and pyrene leads to the formation of the 1:1 adduct 1.pyrene. The crystal structure of this adduct reveals the existence of supramolecular stacks in which molecules of 1 and molecules of pyrene alternate along the infinite chains. Steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements indicate the occurrence of a heavy atom effect which results in red, green, and blue (RGB) phosphorescent emissions for 1.pyrene, 1.naphthalene, and 1.biphenyl, respectively.
Adaptive optimization in ultrafast laser material processing (Plenary Paper) (2004)

Ultrafast lasers promise to become attractive and reliable tools for material processing on micro- and nanoscale. The additional possibility to temporally tailor ultrashort laser pulses by Fourier synthesis of spectral components enables extended opportunities for optimal processing of materials. An experimental demonstration of the technique showing the possibility to design particular excitation sequences tailored with respect to the individual material response will be described, laying the groundwork for adaptive optimization in materials structuring. We report recent results related to the implementation of self-learning, adaptive loops based on temporal shaping of the ultrafast laser pulses to control laser-induced phenomena for practical applications. Besides the fundamental interest, it is shown that under particular excitation conditions involving modulated excitation, the energy flow can be controlled and the material response can be guided to improve processing results. Examples are given illuminating the possibility to control and manipulate the kinetic properties of ions emitted from laser irradiated semiconductor samples using excitation sequences synchronized with the phase transformation characteristic times.
ADDVAC: applying active design documents for the capture, retrieval and use of rationale during offshore platform VAC design (1997)

The effect of oral iron prophylaxis on haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and haematocrit (Hct) has been studied in 300 pregnant women. From the 3rd to 4th month of pregnancy and until term the women were randomly treated with 100 mg or 200 mg ferrous iron daily respectively as sustained-release tablets (Duroferon<sup>®</sup> Duretter<sup>®</sup> ) or 200 mg ferrous iron as rapidly disintegrating tablets. All three treatments gave the same effect on Hb and Hct. This was true irrespective of the initial Hb. It was concluded that even the 100 mg dose was sufficient to cover the increased iron demands during pregnancy and to give an increase in Hb in anemic patients. The frequency of side-effects was lower in the two groups receiving the sustained-release tablets. The changes in Hb with time during pregnancy in relation to the initial iron status are discussed and some practical conclusions concerning the interpretation of the effect of iron supplementation during pregnancy are drawn.
High-Efficiency Amplitude-Phase Modulation Holograms Based on Dielectric Metasurfaces (2017)

We report a high-efficiency dielectric metasurface with continuous and arbitrary control of both amplitude and phase. We experimentally demonstrated the advantages of complete wavefront control by comparing amplitude-phase modulation metasurface holograms to phase-only metasurface holograms.
Generation and Electrophile Trapping of <i>N</i>-Boc-2-lithio-2-azetine: Synthesis of 2-Substituted 2-Azetines (2014)

s-BuLi-induced α-lithiation-elimination of LiOMe from N-Boc-3-methoxyazetidine and further in situ α-lithiation generates N-Boc-2-lithio-2-azetine which can be trapped with electrophiles, either directly (carbonyl or heteroatom electrophiles) or after transmetalation to copper (allowing allylations and propargylations), providing a concise access to 2-substituted 2-azetines.
Ultrafast transient absorption studies of ruthenium and rhenium dipyridophenazine complexes bound to DNA and polynucleotides (2003)

We report on ultrafast pump and probe studies of biological systems, in the form of polynucleotide and calf thymus DNA complexes. Molecules for study are bound to the polynucleotides and probed in the visible region to observe changes in the absorption over time. Various dipyridophenazine metal complexes are studied alone and complexed with DNA or synthetic polynucleotides to investigate changes occurring in their excited states upon interacting with nucleobases. Transient absorption measurements are performed pumping at 400nm and probing from 450-700nm with pulse duration of 400fs.
Shorter Time‐to‐Market with Micro‐Conti Processes (2012)

Abstract Traditional process development consists of four main phases resulting in time‐consuming and cost‐intensive launches for new products and processes. By employing microprocess technology, transferring batch to continuous processes or setting up a continuous process for low to medium production capacities from scratch becomes technically feasible. Since volumetric flow rates on lab‐scale are often similar to production rates, the scale‐up factor is low. Thus, individual development phases can be omitted reducing the time‐to‐market for new products and/or processes. Based on two case studies, the development phase of micro‐conti processes is described and conclusions are drawn regarding the 50 % idea as laid down in the Tutzing theses.
Maternal Corticotropin‐Releasing Hormone Levels during Pregnancy and Offspring Adiposity (2006)

Fetal exposure to glucocorticoids, although associated with an overall decrease in body size, may cause an increase in central adiposity.
Immunoglobulin molecules are present in early‐generated neuronal populations in the rat cerebral cortex and retina (1997)

Immunoglobulin-like antigens have been identified in neuronal subsets restricted to deeper layers of the developing mammalian cerebral cortex. The pattern is suggestive of selective uptake of immunoglobulin (Ig) from serum or synthesis of Ig or a molecule with Ig-like motifs. To distinguish between these alternatives, biochemical, immunocytochemical, and birthdating analyses were conducted. In neonatal rat cerebral cortex, immunoglobulin-like immunoreactivity was chiefly in subplate neurons, marginal zone neuropil, and processes spanning the cortical plate. Isolated staining was also observed within the ventricular zone. Although most staining in the cortical plate was absent several days after birth, subplate neuron staining persisted until the end of the second postnatal week. Quantitative immunoassays showed that the antigen concentration dropped from 130 ng/mg in cortical cytosol at birth to approximately 80 ng/mg by postnatal day 7 (P7) and remained low thereafter. Two Ig-immunoreactive polypeptides with mobilities similar to heavy and light chains of serum IgG, were identified by Western blotting. The larger band was purified, partially sequenced by Edman degradation, and found to match rat IgG heavy chain. Bromodeoxyuridine birthdating and anti-IgG double-labeling studies showed that most of the Ig-containing cells were early-generated neurons. Outside of the cortex, transient IgG staining was also detected in neurons of the retina and cerebellum. These studies suggest that subplate and other early-generated neurons selectively take up Ig from serum. The IgG may then either be degraded or lost from the central nervous system (CNS) during developmentally regulated cell death. J. Comp. Neurol. 384:271–282, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
NATIONAL UROLOGY RESIDENT PRECEPTORSHIP PROGRAM IN FEMALE PELVIC MEDICINE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY (2005)

A preceptorship program in FPMRS incorporating in-depth review of the subject and demonstration of surgical cases has been successful in promoting and encouraging career selection in FPMRS. This approach may also encourage interest in other underrepresented subspecialties in urology or other medical specialties.
Anomaly Detection in Time Series Radiotherapy Treatment Data (2014)

The work presented here resulted in a valuable innovative technology tool for automatic detection of catastrophic errors in cancer radiotherapy, adding an important safeguard for patient safety. We designed a tool for Dynamic Modeling and Prediction of Radiotherapy Treatment Deviations from Intended Plans (Smart Tool) to automatically detect and highlight potential errors in a radiotherapy treatment plan, based on the data from several thousand prostate cancer treatments at Moore Cancer Research Center at University of California San Diego. Smart Tool determines if the treatment parameters are valid, against a previously built Predictive Model of a Medical Error (PMME). Smart Tool has the following main features: 1) It communicates with a radiotherapy treatment management system, checking all the treatment parameters in the background prior to execution, and after the human expert QA is completed, 2) The anomalous treatment parameters, if any, are detected using an innovative intelligent algorithm in a completely automatic and unsupervised manner, 3) It is a self-learning and constantly evolving system, the model is dynamically updated with the new treatment data, 4) It incorporates expert knowledge through the feedback loop of the dynamic process which updates the model with any new false positives (FP) and false negatives (FN), 4) When an outlier treatment parameter is detected, Smart Tool works by preventing the plan execution and highlighting the parameter for human intervention, 5) It is aimed at catastrophic errors, not small errors.
Development of parametric CAAD models for the additive manufacturing of scalable architectural models (2017)

Architecture models are an essential component of the development process and enable a physical representation of virtual designs. In addition to the conventional methods of model production using the machining of models made of wood, metal, plastic or glass, a number of additive manufacturing processes are now available. These new processes enable the additive manufacturing of architectural models directly from CAAD or BIM data. However, the boundary conditions applicable to the ability to manufacture models with additive manufacturing processes must also be considered. Such conditions include the minimum wall thickness, which depends on the applied additive manufacturing process and the materials used. Moreover, the need for the removal of support structures after the additive manufacturing process must also be considered. In general, a change in the scale of these models is only possible at very high effort. In order to allow these restrictions to be adequately incorporated into the CAAD model, this contribution develops a parametrized CAAD model that allows such boundary conditions to be modified and adapted while complying with the scale. Usability of this new method is illustrated and explained in detail in a case study. In addition, this article addresses the additive manufacturing processes including subsequent post-processing.
Single-Crystalline cooperite (PtS): Crystal-Chemical characterization, ESR spectroscopy, and 195Pt NMR spectroscopy (2008)

Single-crystalline cooperite (PtS) with a nearly stoichiometric composition was characterized in detail by X-ray diffraction, electron-probe X-ray microanalysis, and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. For the first time it was demonstrated that 195Pt static and MAS NMR spectroscopy can be used for studying natural platinum minerals. The 195Pt chemical-shift tensor of cooperite was found to be consistent with the axial symmetry and is characterized by the following principal values: δ xx = −5920 ppm, δ yy = −3734 ppm, δ zz = +4023 ppm, and δiso = −1850 ppm. According to the ESR data, the samples of cooperite contain copper(II), which is adsorbed on the surface during the layer-by-layer crystal growth and is not involved in the crystal lattice.
Measurement of group velocity of light in a volume index grating of photorefractive LiNbO3 crystals (2000)

We investigate the group velocity of light at the bandedge of an one-dimensional index grating in a photorefractive LiNbO3 crystal. We obtained a large group index of up to 7.5 in a 5-cm crystal sample.
Touchdown dynamics for sample collection in Hayabusa mission (2008)

Hayabusa spacecraft performed the final descents and touchdowns twice in November 2005. In final descent phase, terrain alignment maneuvers were accomplished to control both altitude and attitude with respect to the surface by using four beams Laser Range Finder onboard. Then Hayabusa spacecraft made dynamic touchdowns the surface of the asteroid by the sampler system to collect samples automatically. This paper presents the terrain alignment maneuver and touchdown scheme. This paper also describes the novel sample horn system and touchdown dynamics. Touchdown tests on the ground are presented. Then the flight results on descent and touchdown dynamics are shown and discussed.
Untersuchung der Adsorption von<i>n</i>-Pentanol und Benzylalkohol an einer Bleielektrode mit der Modulations-Reflexions-Spektroskopie (1975)

Article Untersuchung der Adsorption von n-Pentanol und Benzylalkohol an einer Bleielektrode mit der Modulations-Reflexions-Spektroskopie was published on December 1, 1975 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 98, issue 1-6).
Exploring Adaptive Expertise as a Target for Engineering Design Education (2006)

In this paper we present the concept of adaptive expertise and relate this concept to the design curriculum offered by the Institute for Design Engineering and Applications (IDEA) at Northwestern University. The model of adaptive expertise suggests that instruction and assessment include a balance of “efficiency” and “innovation”. These two dimensions are first described from a theoretical perspective, then are discussed in more concrete terms in the context of the design experiences provided in IDEA. The model of adaptive expertise suggests that by providing learning experiences that balance these two dimensions we better prepare students to flexibly apply their knowledge in innovative ways. Since these aims are so closely aligned with the goals of design, we offer adaptive expertise as the target for engineering design education.Copyright © 2006 by ASME