gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zero quantum NMR in the rotating frame: <i>J</i> cross polarization in AX<i>N</i> systems (1981)

An analysis of liquid state cross polarization in AXN spin systems is presented. A two-level geometrical formalism derived from symmetry considerations provides a closed form description of the quantum dynamics for arbitrary N. A parallel discussion using a classical vector model explains the significance of the quantum mechanical solutions and illustrates the nature of the spin–spin correlations accompanying magnetization transfer. General expressions for the J cross polarization A signal with and without X decoupling are given. A discussion of RJCP and PCJCP pulse sequences introduced previously shows how manipulation of Hartmann–Hahn mismatch can advantageously modify cross-polarization dynamics. The quantum formalism demonstrates that efficient polarization transfer is equivalent to population inversion of an ensemble of fictitious spins subjected to different rf field intensities, and that pulse sequences for cross polarization can be constructed by analogy with conventional spin inversion techniques.
Design of the Electronic Conductivity at All Scales of a Composite Electrode for Lithium Batteries (2010)

LGEP 2010 ID = 648
Animal models of bone physiology (1993)

Because of the well-known technical difficulties in investigating the histology and physiology of the skeleton, bone physiology is not yet completely understood. Much new information has been obtained in recent years with in vitro investigations, but animal models are widely used when the overall effects of hormones or therapeutic agents or both need to be investigated. In this review, we discuss results obtained over the past year on several not yet completely understood topics. The effect of exercise on bone mass has been stressed by several authors, and at the cellular level, it has been suggested that the inositol cascade is the intracellular transduction pathway for mechanical stimuli. Ovariectomized rat systems have been widely used to demonstrate the protective effect of estrogen against bone resorption, and interesting indications of an estrogen-dependent stimulation of bone formation have been presented. The anabolic effect of low doses of fluoride has also been assessed.
Economical fabrication of large parabolic mirrors. (1985)

Long-focal-length parabolic mirrors fabricated economically by rotational casting. Technique applies to very large mirrors and incorporates new foam/fiberglass techniques ideal for producing rigid, lightweight mirrors. Process developed to produce mirrors that concentrate Sunlight for solarpumped laser.
Oral vitamin C reduces the injury to skeletal muscle caused by compartment syndrome (2004)

Compartment syndrome is a unique form of ischaemia of skeletal muscle which occurs despite patency of the large vessels. Decompression allows the influx of activated leucocytes which cause further injury. Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant which concentrates preferentially in leucocytes and attenuates reperfusion-induced muscle injury. We have evaluated the use of pretreatment with oral vitamin C in the prevention of injury caused by compartment syndrome in a rat cremasteric muscle model. Acute and delayed effects of pretreatment with vitamin C were assessed at one and 24 hours after decompression of compartment syndrome. Muscle function was assessed electrophysiologically. Vascular, cellular and tissue inflammation was assessed by staining of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and by determination of the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in neutrophils and tissue oedema. Compartment syndrome impaired skeletal muscle function and increased the expression of ICAM-1, activity of MPO and muscle weight increased significantly. Pretreatment with vitamin C preserved muscle function and reduced the expression of ICAM-1, infiltration of the neutrophils and oedema.
Activation of Caspase-9 in Jurkat Cells cultured with Epigonal Conditioned Medium (2010)

In previous research conducted at Mote Marine Laboratory, Epigonal Conditioned Medium (ECM) was shown to inhibit tumor growth in certain cell lines (Walsh 2006). ECM was shown to induce apoptosis in tumor cells, but the full mechanism as to how this happens is still unknown. Our hypothesis is that Epigonal Conditioned Medium will activate caspase-9 in T-cells (Jurkat) during apoptosis, thus indicating progression through a step in the caspase-cascade of the TRAIL pathway. The hypothesis was tested in two ways. The first used western blotting to detect activated caspase-9 from other proteins using human-specific antibodies. After the protein of interest was detected, a colorimetric assay confirmed the activity of caspase-9 within ECM treated Jurkat cells undergoing apoptosis. Jurkat cell lysates treated with 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml ECM were used in both tests, as well as several controls. Preliminary results identified full length caspase-9 in Jurkat cells treated with both 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml ECM. In Jurkat cells treated with ECM, full length caspase-9 decreased in concentration from the control, while cleaved caspase-9 increased in concentration. Colorimetric assay results show that caspase-9 increased 3 fold in cells treated with 1 mg/ml ECM and 4 fold in cells treated with 2 mg/ml ECM versus control cell lysates. From early results we can infer that ECM treated Jurkat cells undergoing apoptosis move the signal through the intrinsic pathway to caspase-3, but the experiments will be conducted several more times to gain statistical data.
Special topics reports for the reference tandem mirror fusion breeder. Volume 4. Structural analysis (1984)

This report presents a structural analysis of the reference fission suppressed fusion breeder blanket. An axisymmetric structural model is used to analyze thermal and pressure stresses in the blanket. Results indicate that the first wall must be decoupled from the back of the blanket to avoid large thermal stresses. The composite first wall appears to be adequate to resist buckling, and is further strengthened by radial diaphragms. Semieliptical closures for the module ends appear to be feasible, although the attachment of these end closures to the composite first wall has not been analyzed. Radiation effects have not been included in the structural model, but an assessment of creep and swelling indicates a 4 to 5 year blanket life at an assumed strain limit of 2%. Design modifications which will reduce thermal stresses and simplify manufacturing are recommended.
Studies on the α-subunit of bovine brain S-100 protein (1984)

A method is described for the rapid purification of both S-100 protein and calmodulin from crude bovine brain extracts by the use of a fluphenazine-Sepharose affinity column eluted stepwise with decreasing concentrations of free Ca2+. Protein containing only alpha-subunit was purified from preparations of S-100 protein by anion-exchange chromatography. This protein co-migrated with the alpha-subunit of S-100 protein on sodium dodecyl sulphate/urea/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and had an amino acid composition identical with that previously reported for this subunit. The results of u.v.-absorption and fluorescence-emission spectroscopy indicate that the tryptophan residue of the purified alpha-subunit of S-100 protein undergoes a Ca2+-induced change in environment. Measurements of changes in tryptophan fluorescence with increasing Ca2+ concentrations suggest an apparent dissociation constant of the alpha-subunit for Ca2+ of 7 X 10(-5)M in the absence of K+. In the presence of 90mM-K+ this value is increased to 3.4 X 10(-4)M.
<i>Science Signaling</i> Podcast for 3 May 2016: Innate lymphoid cell plasticity (2016)

Notch and TGF-β signaling control the plasticity of group 3 innate lymphoid cells.
COMPRESSION PLATING OF ACUTE FEMORAL SHAFT FRACTURES (1995)

Although intramedullary fixation has standardized the management of femoral shaft fractures, compression plating may offer a viable alternative. A retrospective review of acute femoral shaft fractures managed by open reduction and compression plating between 1980 and 1987 revealed 71 fractures in 69 patients. There were 58 closed fractures, and six grade I and seven grade II open fractures. All patients received prophylactic antibiotics. Sixty-nine percent of patients were bone grafted. Sixty-six of 71 fractures (93%) healed uneventfully. The average time until union was 16 weeks (range: 23 to 72). Complications included two nonunions, two refractures, and one broken implant (7%). Careful adherence to the principles of prophylactic antibiotics, medial cancellous bone grafting, and meticulous soft tissue technique can significantly reduce the complication rate of compression plating.
Autoimmune Th2-Mediated Dacryoadenitis in MRL/MpJ Mice Becomes Th1-Mediated in IL-4 Deficient MRL/MpJ Mice (2007)

These results suggest that a Th2 autoimmune process can be converted to a Th1 process in the absence of IL-4.
Adaptive Optics Imaging for Studying Retinal Vasculature in Health and Disease (2013)

We will discuss the optical techniques used in our adaptive optics vascular imaging measurements and present examples of measurements of blood flow velocity, vascular wall thickness in systemic hypertension, and vascular remodeling in diabetes.
Ammonia clathrate hydrates as new solid phases for Titan, Enceladus, and other planetary systems (2012)

There is interest in the role of ammonia on Saturn's moons Titan and Enceladus as the presence of water, methane, and ammonia under temperature and pressure conditions of the surface and interior make these moons rich environments for the study of phases formed by these materials. Ammonia is known to form solid hemi-, mono-, and dihydrate crystal phases under conditions consistent with the surface of Titan and Enceladus, but has also been assigned a role as water-ice antifreeze and methane hydrate inhibitor which is thought to contribute to the outgassing of methane clathrate hydrates into these moons' atmospheres. Here we show, through direct synthesis from solution and vapor deposition experiments under conditions consistent with extraterrestrial planetary atmospheres, that ammonia forms clathrate hydrates and participates synergistically in clathrate hydrate formation in the presence of methane gas at low temperatures. The binary structure II tetrahydrofuran + ammonia, structure I ammonia, and binary structure I ammonia + methane clathrate hydrate phases synthesized have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, molecular dynamics simulation, and Raman spectroscopy methods.
Response to Paul Regal (2014)

We thank Dr. Regal for his comments on our study on anticholinergic activity in delirium. He raises important and interesting questions. Because hip fracture is an acute event, ascertaining prefracture cognitive status is challenging. Dr. Regal suggests that obtaining preadmission medical reports are a better approach than the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE), but many community-dwelling individuals with dementia do not have a documented diagnosis.1 Thus, relying on past records alone would underestimate the prevalence of prefracture dementia. Validation studies2 support the IQCODE, which is commonly used as a measure of cognitive impairment in delirium studies.3 Dr. Regal is correct that hearing loss could overestimate cognitive impairment. In our studies, although we did not formally assess hearing, amplifiers were used when needed. We fully agree that distinguishing delirium from dementia can be challenging, but it is expected that individuals with delirium will have higher IQCODE scores than those without delirium because dementia is a major risk factor.4 We share Dr. Regal's views on the importance of accurate phenotyping of delirium. We agree that objective measures should be used, because of advantages over subjective methods in reproducibility and interrater reliability, among other things. Dr. Regal's approach using reversibility of digit span, word list recall, and executive function is intriguing, but it requires additional evaluation to take account of other causes of acute cognitive decline, practice effects, alterations in arousal, and the effects of chronic impairments on such tests. Dr. Regal's estimate of 90% reversibility of acute deficits in digit span in individuals with hip fracture is specific and testable; studies using serial objective neuropsychological performance in vulnerable groups would be helpful in assessing this and in improving the characterization of delirium in general.5, 6 Because delirium can fluctuate, biomarkers of delirium could fluctuate as well. This is impossible to assess in a study with a cross-sectional design. A longitudinal design with repeated delirium assessments and collection of biomarkers would be valuable, but it would be difficult to overcome practical and ethical challenges involved in repeated sampling of cerebrospinal fluid. Nonetheless, given the poor understanding of delirium pathophysiology, we believe that our study adds to current knowledge. We agree with Dr. Regal that development and adoption of more-precise and -objective phenotyping of delirium in future studies is likely to help improve the yield of pathophysiological and other types of studies in the field. Conflict of Interest: Torgeir Wyller has given lectures on delirium and received honoraria from Nycomed, Roche, Pfizer, and Astra Zeneca. Alasdair MacLullich has patents pending for objective computerized tests of inattention in delirium. Author Contributions: The authors contributed equally to this letter. Sponsor's Role: None.
[Perforin and Fas-ligand expression of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in human hepatocellular carcinoma]. (1998)

Even there were a multitude of T cells infiltrating in HCC, only few of them were immunoactived and to be cytotoxic to HCC. It seems important to adopt measures in order to promote further proliferation of these activated T cells either in vitro or in vivo.
Chasing the Effects of Pre-Analytical Confounders – A Multicenter Study on CSF-AD Biomarkers (2015)

This systematic study reinforces the need for CSF centrifugation at 4°C prior to storage and highlights the influence of storage conditions in Aβ42 levels. This study contributes to the establishment of harmonized standard operating procedures that will help reducing inter-lab variability of CSF-AD biomarkers evaluation.
Double-antiangiogenic protein DAAP targeting vascular endothelial growth factor A and angiopoietins attenuates collagen-induced arthritis (2013)

Abstract Introduction Angiogenesis plays a critical role in synovial inflammation and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and angiopoietins are two important mediators of synovial angiogenesis. We have previously developed a novel chimeric decoy receptor, namely, double-antiangiogenic protein (DAAP), which can both bind VEGF-A and angiopoietins and block their actions. This study was performed to evaluate the antiarthritic effect of DAAP and the combination effect with the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) inhibitor in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Methods Recombinant DAAP, VEGF-Trap, Tie2-Fc and dimeric Fc proteins were produced and purified from CHO cells in large-scale bioreactors. CIA was induced in DBA/1 mice with type II collagen. The preventive effect of DAAP was determined and compared with other decoy receptors such as VEGF-Trap or Tie2-Fc, which block VEGF-A or angiopoietins, respectively. The clinical, radiographic, pathologic and immunohistochemical analyses were performed in CIA mice. The levels of matrix metalloprotease 3 (MMP-3) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) mRNA levels were measured by polymerase chain reaction. Finally, we investigated the combination effects of DAAP with a low dose of TNF-α decoy receptor (etanercept 10 mg/kg). Results On the basis of clinical and radiographic evaluation, DAAP had a much greater inhibitory effect than VEGF-Trap or Tie2-Fc on arthritis severity and bone destruction. These inhibitory effects were accompanied by significantly diminishing pathologic abnormalities, CD31-positive vasculature and synovial infiltration by F4/80-positive macrophages. The levels of MMP-3, IL-1β and RANKL were much lower in the DAAP-injected group than those of the control. Furthermore, DAAP showed a therapeutic effect and a combination effect with etanercept when injected after arthritis onset in established CIA. Conclusions DAAP has not only potent prophylactic effects on both inflammation and bone destruction but also therapeutic effects, alone and in combination with a TNF-α inhibitor in CIA mice. These results suggest that DAAP could be used as an effective new therapeutic agent for RA.
Coexisting one-dimensional and three-dimensional spectral signatures in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">TaTe</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1999)

Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we probe the electronic band structure of ${\mathrm{TaTe}}_{4}$ single crystal samples. Resistivity and optical measurements were also performed on the same samples. The experimental data indicate a combination of quasi-one-dimensional and three-dimensional electronic properties. We observe a finite spectral intensity, but no dispersing quasiparticle states near the chemical potential.
Analysis of speleothems by electron and X-ray microprobes (2001)

A piece of stalagmite from a cave in Winthertore, Belgium, was analysed by the use of capillary tabletop and synchrotron versions of X-ray microprobes and then by the electron microprobe. The potential of these microprobes was tested for the first time in the study of such specific periodic objects. Indirect measurements of the morphology/density of samples were made by the use of Compton and Rayleigh scattered radiation in the X-ray tabletop microprobe and a selected channel in white scattered radiation in the X-ray synchrotron microprobe. In the electron microprobe, the linear profile extracted from the grey-scale transformation of the secondary electron image was used for the same purpose. The elemental analyses were superimposed on the density characteristics of the samples. The inclusions of iron and silicon, measurements of the magnesium/calcium/strontium/barium ratio, profiles of anionic species and the noticeable presence of iodine were among the most important findings. Some of the measured parameters probably allow the creation of thermometric scales for the potential estimation of the climatic conditions during the deposition of the calcite material.
Simultaneous optical coherence tomography angiography and fluorescein angiography in rodents with normal retina and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (2015)

Fluorescein angiography (FA) is the current clinical imaging standard for vascular related retinal diseases such as macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. However, FA is considered invasive and can provide only two-dimensional imaging. In comparison, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is noninvasive and can generate three-dimensional imaging; investigations of OCTA already demonstrated great promise in retinal vascular imaging. Yet, to further develop and apply OCTA, strengths and weaknesses between OCTA and FA need to be thoroughly compared. To avoid complications in image registration, an ideal comparison requires co-registered and simultaneous imaging by both FA and OCTA. In this Letter, we developed a system with integrated laser-scanning ophthalmoscope FA (SLO-FA) and OCTA, and conducted simultaneous dual-modality retinal vascular imaging in rodents. In imaging healthy rodent eyes, OCTA can resolve retinal capillaries better than SLO-FA does, particularly deep capillaries. In imaging rodent eyes with laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV), OCTA can identify CNV that eludes SLO-FA detection.
Hierarchical Bucket Queuing for Fine‐Grained Priority Scheduling on the GPU (2016)

Abstract While the modern graphics processing unit (GPU) offers massive parallel compute power, the ability to influence the scheduling of these immense resources is severely limited. Therefore, the GPU is widely considered to be only suitable as an externally controlled co‐processor for homogeneous workloads which greatly restricts the potential applications of GPU computing. To address this issue, we present a new method to achieve fine‐grained priority scheduling on the GPU: hierarchical bucket queuing. By carefully distributing the workload among multiple queues and efficiently deciding which queue to draw work from next, we enable a variety of scheduling strategies. These strategies include fair‐scheduling, earliest‐deadline‐first scheduling and user‐defined dynamic priority scheduling. In a comparison with a sorting‐based approach, we reveal the advantages of hierarchical bucket queuing over previous work. Finally, we demonstrate the benefits of using priority scheduling in real‐world applications by example of path tracing and foveated micropolygon rendering.
Cover Picture: NMR Structure of the Single QALGGH Zinc Finger Domain from the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> SUPERMAN Protein (ChemBioChem 2‐3/2003) (2003)

Abstract The cover picture shows the NMR structure of the SUPERMAN zinc finger domain, which is the first high‐resolution structure of a classical zinc finger domain from a plant protein. The structure consists of a very well‐defined ββα motif, typical of all the other Cys 2 –His 2 zinc fingers so far structurally characterized. As a consequence, the QALGGH sequence, which is highly conserved in plant protein classical zinc finger domains, is located at the N terminus of the α helix. Interestingly, this domain region, in animal protein zinc fingers, is constituted of hypervariable residues deputed to the recognition of the DNA bases. Therefore, a peculiar DNA recognition code for the QALGGH zinc finger domain is proposed in the article by Fattorusso and co‐workers on p. 171 ff.
Distributed Iterative Multiuser Detection through Base Station Cooperation (2008)

This paper deals with multiuser detection through base station cooperation in an uplink, interference-limited, high frequency reuse scenario. Distributed iterative detection (DID) is an interference mitigation technique in which the base stations at different geographical locations exchange detected data iteratively while performing separate detection and decoding of their received data streams. This paper explores possible DID receive strategies and proposes to exchange between base stations only the processed information for their associated mobile terminals. The resulting backhaul traffic is considerably lower than that of existing cooperative multiuser detection strategies. Single-antenna interference cancellation techniques are employed to generate local estimates of the dominant interferers at each base station, which are then combined with their independent received copies from other base stations, resulting in more effective interference suppression. Since hard information bits or quantized log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) are transferred, we investigate the effect of quantization of the LLR values with the objective of further reducing the backhaul traffic. Our findings show that schemes based on nonuniform quantization of the "soft bits" allow for reducing the backhaul to 1–2 exchanged bits/coded bit.
Caracterisation of Shock wave and spallation induced by ultra-short laser new perspectives par LASer Adhesion Test (LASAT) (2009)

International audience