gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endocervical glandular neoplasia associated with lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia is HPV-independent and correlates with carbonic anhydrase-IX expression: a Gynaecological Oncology Group Study (2013)

Our study suggests that there are different molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis resulting in CGLs vs LEGHs associated with AIS or GA. There is also a possible link between LEGHs and GAs. Furthermore, CA-IX expression may serve as a useful biomarker for the detection of GAs in the absence of H-HPV infection.
[Clinical phase I trial of S-1 in the combination with DOC using super-selective intra-arterial infusion with oral cancer]. (2009)

The super-selective intra-arterial infusion, which has high anti-tumor effect to infuse high concentration of drugs into arterial in the control of tumor, has been expected to have local control. S-1, developed by the scientific theory of both potentiating antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)and reducing gastrointestinal toxicity induced by 5-FU, is an active agent for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck(HNSCC). Docetaxel(DOC)is the drug Taxanes which has anti-tumor effect by mechanism different from conventional anti-tumor mechanism of action. In Yamaguchi University, DOC+CDDP+5-FU in the three-drug combination therapy shows high anti-tumor effect for advanced oral cancer. In the present study, we conducted a phase I study to examine local control of S-1 in the combination with DOC using super-selective intra-arterial infusion with oral cancer. The study performed super-selective intra-arterial infusion of DOC on the first day, and was considered as the schedule which prescribes three-week S-1 for patients every day from same day. Since blood toxicity nature grade 4 discovered the result in S-1: 65 mg/m(2)day and DOC: 50 mg/ m(2), we decided that recommended dose(RD)was S-1: 65 mg/m(2) and DOC: 40 mg/m(2).
Influence of annealing under reducing ambient on properties of ZnO thin films prepared by mist CVD (2011)

Abstract The resistivity of ZnO thin films grown at 300 °C with mist CVD method can be decreased about 3 orders of magnitude, from 6.2 Ωcm as deposited to 2.2×10 ‐2 Ωcm for the film after post annealing at 350 °C under reducing ambient of 5% H 2 in N 2 (forming gas: FG) with increasing mobility and without changing carrier density. It is thought that the electrical properties of the ZnO thin films with a large amount of impurities due to the low temperature growth are changed without changing surface morphology, crystal structure and impurity content after annealed in the reducing ambient. This can be explained by the decrease of disorder in the band gap in the grain and lowering of the Schottky barrier height in the grain boundaries due to the H 2 interaction with oxygen. The model is supported by the quick decrease of resistivity under FG annealing. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
THE REACTION OF 5,5-DIHALOBARBITURIC ACIDS WITH PYRIDINE<sup>1, 2</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE REACTION OF 5,5-DIHALOBARBITURIC ACIDS WITH PYRIDINE1, 2E. C. TAYLOR Jr., W. W. PAUDLER, and C. K. CAINCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1955, 20, 2, 264–270Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01120a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01120a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CHAPTER 10. Particle-Stabilized Food Emulsions (2014)

Over the last few decades, the way food is consumed has dramatically changed; these modifications in people’s food habits have not only resulted in a higher demand for ready meals and snacks, for example, but also in an increase in obesity in Western countries. As many modern foods are emulsion-based products, food scientists have been challenged to develop new colloidal systems that can be commercialized as both healthy and tasty products. The (re)discovery of solid-stabilized emulsions in the 1980s has opened up a new field for food product development. This chapter aims to discuss the recent advances in terms of both food-grade solid particle formation and structuring of emulsions using particles suitable for use in food. Lipid particles are predominant in the stabilization of food water-in-oil emulsions, while major progress has been made regarding the use of polysaccharide (starch or cellulose) particles as oil-in-water emulsion stabilizers. Considerations regarding potential advantages of these emulsions, in terms of release or fat reduction, compared to classic emulsions are also presented.
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in pacing‐induced heart failure in dogs (2006)

Mitochondrial dysfunction may be the common signaling mechanism in the evolution of heart failure and the related skeletal myopathy. Previous studies reported a decrease in mitochondrial complex III and V activities when measured in cardiac and skeletal homogenates from pacing‐induced heart failure dogs. Our strategy to focus on isolated mitochondria was based on the hypothesis that the two skeletal muscle populations of mitochondria (subsarcolemmal‐SSM and intermyofibrillar‐IFM) differ in their response to heart failure via their accessibility and reply to plasma and tissue inflammatory cytokines. Therefore we have examined the SSM and IFM isolated from gastrocnemius of control and pacing‐induced heart failure dogs. SSM isolated from heart failure dogs displayed a decrease in oxidation of substrates that supply the electron transport chain upstream of complex IV. Specifically, the decline in duroquinol‐supplied respiration (a complex III substrate) associated with normal TMPD‐dependent respiration (complex IV substrate) in SSM is a strong indication of a complex III defect. Measurement of the enzymatic activities of mitochondrial respiratory complexes confirmed the selective decline in complex III activity in the SSM. Identification of the mechanism(s) responsible for mitochondrial defect will provide further insight into the treatment of the heart failure related myopathy. Supported by NIH grants to CLH.
Growth and characterization of hypothetical zinc-blende ZnO films on GaAs(001) substrates with ZnS buffer layers (2000)

A stable wurtzite phase of ZnO is commonly observed. In this letter, we report the growth and characterization of zinc-blende ZnO on GaAs(001) substrates. The ZnO films grown on GaAs(001) substrates using microwave-plasma-assisted metalorganic molecular-beam epitaxy were characterized by reflection high-energy electron diffraction, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, and atomic force microscope measurements. The use of a ZnS buffer layer was found to lead to the growth of the zinc-blende ZnO films. Although the zinc-blende ZnO films were polycrystalline with columnar structures, they showed bright band-edge luminescence at room temperature.
Breast cancer screening: the evolving evidence. (2012)

Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer and death from cancer among women in the developed and developing world. Detecting and treating breast cancer earlier in its natural history improve prognosis and result in a reduction in breast cancer mortality. There have been eight population-based randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of mammography screening, which individually and collectively provide strong support for the efficacy of breast cancer screening. The evaluation of modern service screening also has shown that modern breast cancer screening is contributing to reductions in breast cancer mortality at a rate as good as or better than that observed in the RCTs. In the last decade, different interpretations of the evidence from the RCTs and observational studies have resulted in different screening guidelines and contentious academic debates over the balance of benefits and potential harms from breast cancer screening. In this paper, the historic and recent evidence supporting the value of breast cancer screening will be described, along with the underpinnings of the current debate over the relative and absolute benefit of regular mammography screening.
Complete Disruption of All Nitric Oxide Synthase Genes Causes Markedly Accelerated Renal Lesion Formation Following Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction in Mice In Vivo (2010)

The role of nitric oxide (NO) derived from all three NO synthases (NOSs) in renal lesion formation remains to be fully elucidated. We addressed this point in mice lacking all NOSs. Renal injury was induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). UUO caused significant renal lesion formation (tubular apoptosis, interstitial fibrosis, and glomerulosclerosis) in wild-type, singly, and triply NOS(-/-) mice. However, the extents of renal lesion formation were markedly and most accelerated in the triply NOS(-/-) genotype. UUO also elicited the infiltration of inflammatory macrophages, up-regulation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and induction of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in all of the genotypes; however, the extents were again largest by far in the triply NOS(-/-) genotype. Importantly, long-term treatment with the angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1))-receptor blocker olmesartan significantly prevented the exacerbation of those renal structural changes after UUO in the triply NOS(-/-) genotype, along with amelioration of the macrophage infiltration, TGF-β1 levels, and EMT. These results provide the first evidence that the complete disruption of all NOS genes results in markedly accelerated renal lesion formation in response to UUO in mice in vivo through the AT(1)-receptor pathway, demonstrating the critical renoprotective role of all NOSs-derived NO against pathological renal remodeling.
Silent and continuous fMRI scanning differentially modulate activation in an auditory language comprehension task (2007)

Sparse temporal acquisition schemes have been adopted to investigate the neural correlates of human audition using blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) devoid of ambient confounding acoustic scanner noise. These schemes have previously been extended to clustered-sparse temporal acquisition designs which record several subsequent BOLD contrast images in rapid succession in order to enhance temporal sampling efficiency. In the present study we demonstrate that an event-related task design can effectively be combined with a clustered temporal acquisition technique in an auditory language comprehension task. The same fifteen volunteers performed two separate auditory runs which either applied customary fMRI acquisition (CA) composed of continuous scanner noise or "silent" fMRI built on a clustered temporal acquisition (CTA) protocol. In accord with our hypothesis, the CTA scheme relative to the CA protocol is accompanied by significantly stronger functional responses along the entire superior temporal plane. By contrast, the bilateral insulae engage more strongly during continuous scanning. A post-hoc region-of-interest analysis reveals cortical activation in subportions of the supratemporal plane which varies as a function of acquisition protocol. The middle part of the supratemporal plane shows a rightward asymmetry only for the CTA scheme while the posterior supratemporal plane exposes a significantly stronger leftward asymmetry during the CTA. Our findings implicate that silent fMRI is advantageous when it comes to the exploration of auditory and speech functions residing in the supratemporal plane.
Mechanisms of lesion formation in high intensity focused ultrasound therapy (2003)

The lesions generated by high intensity ultrasound were studied in transparent tissue phantoms premixed with and without ultrasound contrast agents (UCA) at 1.1-and 3.5-MHz acoustic waves. Generation of small bubbles was observed at the very beginning of exposure, whereas cigar-shaped thermal lesions began to form at the focus after a delay. After further heating, boiling occurred and changed the lesion to tadpole-shape, with advancement toward the transducer. Broadband noise was detected in phantoms with UCA initially. UCA also lowered the pressure threshold and enlarged the lesion. Although thermal and cavitation effects are believed to be both important in lesion formation, tadpole-shaped transformation results from boiling activity.
Identify the impact of TGF-B Signaling on the Stroma in the Progression of Prostate Cancer (2005)

Abstract : As a result of androgen ablation TGF- 1 expression levels transiently elevate and regression of benign prostate hyperplasia as well as prostate cancer cells for the most part occur. Better understanding of prostate androgen responsiveness is critical in understanding and ultimately combating androgen-non-responsive prostate cancer. Studying the conditional TGF- type II receptor fibroblast knockout mouse model we developed (F KO), we found that TGF- signaling in the prostate stromal fibroblasts regulate both stromal and epithelial differentiation in the prostate. As proposed we attempted to develop mice that are stromally knocked out for TGF- signaling and express the large T antigen in the prostate epithelia, but was unsuccessful. Thus we made tissue recombinants of prostatic epithelia with F KO stromal cells. This resulted in the development of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma compared to when the same epithelia was combined with control stromal cells. Moreover, we found that the F KO associated epithelia was refractile to androgen ablation. The mechanism of these observations seems to be due to stromally derived paracrine Wnt5a activating the epithelial frizzled receptor 2 that enabled prostate epithelial survival in an androgen deficient environment. We hope to gain permission to progress with these experiments to further address the mechanism of stromal TGF- signaling impact on prostate cancer androgen responsiveness and differentiation.
Sub-fs electron pulses for ultrafast electron diffraction (2006)

We present a new concept for an electron gun generating subrelativistic electron pulses with a duration down to the attosecond range. It is based on a cylindrical RF cavity (a so-called pill-box cavity) oscillating in its TM <inf>010</inf> eigenmode with a photocathode triggered by a fs-laser pulse. Injecting electrons at an appropriate phase of the RF cycle compensates for their initial velocities and time delays and makes the electrons arrive at a target in a sub-fs temporal window. Such electron pulses will allow nuclear motion and electronic dynamics to be studied on an attosecond time scale. © IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.
763 Safety, Tolerability and Tumor Response of IL4-toxin (NBI-3001) in Patients with Recurrent Malignant Glioma (2001)

Asher, Anthony L. MD; Weber, Friedrich MD, PhD; Bucholz, Richard MD; Berger, Mitchel MD; Prados, Michael MD; Bruce, Jeffrey MD; Hall, Walter MD; Rainov, Nikolai G MD, PhD; Westphal, Manfred MD; Warnick, Ronald MD; Williams, Roger L. BS; Hingorani, Vijay N. MD, PhD; Puri, Raj K. MD, PhD
Ripening, nutrition and postharvest physiology. (2008)

<title>Abstract</title> This chapter covers the following aspects of peach ripening, nutrition and postharvest physiology: main processes defining the ripening syndrome (respiration, ethylene biosynthesis and perception, flesh softening and melting, organic acid and sugar metabolism, and colour and aroma development), nutrititive value, and effects of genetic differences among cultivars, cold storage, and controlled atmosphere and modified atmosphere packaging on postharvest physiology.
Automated initialization and automated design of border detection criteria in edge-based image segmentation (2002)

An automated model-based image segmentation method is presented. Information for image segmentation is automatically derived from a training set provided in a form of segmentation examples. In the first step, an approximate location of the object of interest is determined. In the second step, accurate border segmentation is performed. The method was tested in five different segmentation tasks that included 489 objects to be segmented. The final segmentation was compared to manually defined borders with good results. Two major problems of current edge-based image segmentation algorithms were addressed: strong dependence on a close-to-target initialization, and necessity for manual redesign of segmentation criteria whenever a new segmentation problem is encountered.
Identification of Bacteria in Biofilm and Bulk Water Samples from a Nonchlorinated Model Drinking Water Distribution System: Detection of a Large Nitrite-Oxidizing Population Associated with <i>Nitrospira</i> spp (2005)

In a model drinking water distribution system characterized by a low assimilable organic carbon content (<10 microg/liter) and no disinfection, the bacterial community was identified by a phylogenetic analysis of rRNA genes amplified from directly extracted DNA and colonies formed on R2A plates. Biofilms of defined periods of age (14 days to 3 years) and bulk water samples were investigated. Culturable bacteria were associated with Proteobacteria and Bacteriodetes, whereas independently of cultivation, bacteria from 12 phyla were detected in this system. These included Acidobacteria, Nitrospirae, Planctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia, some of which have never been identified in drinking water previously. A cluster analysis of the population profiles from the individual samples divided biofilms and bulk water samples into separate clusters (P = 0.027). Bacteria associated with Nitrospira moscoviensis were found in all samples and encompassed 39% of the sequenced clones in the bulk water and 25% of the biofilm community. The close association with Nitrospira suggested that a large part of the population had an autotrophic metabolism using nitrite as an electron donor. To test this hypothesis, nitrite was added to biofilm and bulk water samples, and the utilization was monitored during 15 days. A first-order decrease in nitrite concentration was observed for all samples with a rate corresponding to 0.5 x 10(5) to 2 x 10(5) nitrifying cells/ml in the bulk water and 3 x 10(5) cells/cm(2) on the pipe surface. The finding of an abundant nitrite-oxidizing microbial population suggests that nitrite is an important substrate in this system, potentially as a result of the low assimilable organic carbon concentration. This finding implies that microbial communities in water distribution systems may control against elevated nitrite concentrations but also contain large indigenous populations that are capable of assisting the depletion of disinfection agents like chloramines.
Performance Analysis of Optical Flow Switching (2009)

In our previous work, we presented optical flow switching (OFS) as a key enabler of scalable future optical networks. In the present work, we propose a practical scheduling algorithm and conduct an approximate throughput-delay analysis for OFS networks.
Genetic Exploration of the Exit from Self-Renewal Using Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells (2014)

Self-renewal circuitry in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is increasingly defined. How the robust pluripotency program is dissolved to enable fate transition is less appreciated. Here we develop a forward genetic approach using haploid ESCs. We created libraries of transposon integrations and screened for persistent self-renewal in differentiation-permissive culture. This yielded multiple mutants in the Fgf/Erk and GSK3/Tcf3 modules known to drive differentiation and in epigenetic modifiers implicated in lineage commitment. We also identified and validated factors not previously considered. These include the conserved small zinc finger protein Zfp706 and the RNA binding protein Pum1. Pum1 targets several mRNAs for naive pluripotency transcription factors and accelerates their downregulation at the onset of differentiation. These findings indicate that the dismantling of pluripotent circuitry proceeds at multiple levels. More broadly they exemplify the power of haploid ESCs for genetic interrogation of developmental processes.
Thermal Deactivation of a Three-Way Catalyst: Changes of Structural and Performance Properties (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A standard commercial three-way catalyst was aged at 950°C for 24 hours in dry N<sub>2</sub> with 2% O<sub>2</sub>. The performance of the aged and a fresh samples were characterized using a synthetic exhaust flow system.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The light-off temperature for all three pollutants on the aged sample was more than 70°C higher than for the fresh one. The effect of aging on steady-state performance at higher temperatures (&gt;400°C) was more moderate.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to explain the decrease in activity the samples were analysed for their bulk and surface composition using electron microscopy (TEM/STEM/EDS), photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In addition the precious metal dispersion were determined by CO chemisorption and the total area by standard BET measurement.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">TEM micrographs showed that the metal particles containing platinum had an average diameter between 3-4 nm in the fresh sample but grow considerably in size upon aging. Very large sintered platinum particles (&gt;1μm) were occasionally observed in the aged sample. The Pt/Rh ratio in these particles measured by STEM/EDS was twice as high on the aged catalyst compared to the fresh one, presumably due to a higher surface mobility for platinum. XPS measurements showed a higher degree of rhodium oxidation in the aged sample.</div>
DEVELOPMENT OF SHALLOW VISCOUS OIL RESERVES IN NORTH SLOPE (2003)

North Slope of Alaska has huge oil deposits in heavy oil reservoirs such as Ugnu, West Sak and Shrader Bluff etc. The viscosity of the last two reservoir oils vary from {approx}30 cp to {approx}3000 cp and the amount in the range of 10-20 billion barrels. High oil viscosity and low formation strength impose problems to high recovery and well productivity. Water-alternate-gas injection processes can be effective for the lower viscosity end of these deposits in West Sak and Shrader Bluff. Several gas streams are available in the North Slope containing NGL and CO{sub 2} (a greenhouse gas). The goal of this research is to develop tools to find optimum solvent, injection schedule and well-architecture for a WAG process in North Slope shallow sand viscous oil reservoirs. In the last quarter, we have developed streamline generation and convection subroutines for miscible gas injection. The WAG injection algorithms are being developed. We formulated a four-phase relative permeability model based on two-phase relative permeabilities. The new relative permeability formulations are being incorporated into the simulator. Wettabilities and relative permeabilities are being measured. Plans for the next quarter includes modeling of WAG injection in streamline based simulation, relative permeability studies with cores, incorporation of complex well-architecture.
Capsaicin increases the lethality of cocaine (1999)

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1999) 65, 153–153; doi: