gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recovery from vegetative state of six months' duration associated with Sinemet (levodopa/carbidopa). (1990)

Certain pharmacologic interventions may improve outcome for brain injury in animals and humans. Medications affecting the dopaminergic pathway appear to be important. We present the case of a 24-year-old man with traumatic brain injury who remained unresponsive to commands and unchanged for six months despite periodic aggressive therapy. Within days of beginning Sinemet (levodopa/carbidopa), the patient became conversant and responsive. The reported low likelihood of spontaneous recovery of cognition in patients who are vegetative for six months suggests that Sinemet was responsible for this patient's recovery. In this case, the relatively small risk of side effects from Sinemet was greatly outweighed by the change in functional outcome.
AN ABSENCE OF FAST RADIO BURSTS AT INTERMEDIATE GALACTIC LATITUDES (2014)

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are an emerging class of bright, highly dispersed radio pulses. Recent work by Thornton et al. has revealed a population of FRBs in the High Time Resolution Universe (HTRU) survey at high Galactic latitudes. A variety of progenitors have been proposed, including cataclysmic events at cosmological distances, Galactic flare stars, and terrestrial radio frequency interference. Here we report on a search for FRBs at intermediate Galactic latitudes (-15° <b < 15°) in data taken as part of the HTRU survey. No FRBs were discovered in this region. Several effects such as dispersion, scattering, sky temperature, and scintillation decrease the sensitivity by more than 3σ in 20% of survey pointings. Including all of these effects, we exclude the hypothesis that FRBs are uniformly distributed on the sky with 99% confidence. This low probability implies that additional factors - not accounted for by standard Galactic models - must be included to ease the discrepancy between the detection rates at high and low Galactic latitudes. A revised rate estimate or another strong and heretofore unknown selection effect in Galactic latitude would provide closer agreement between the surveys' detection rates. The dearth of detections at low Galactic latitude disfavors a Galactic origin for these bursts.
Algorithm of Low Complexity Viterbi Decoder in Convolutional Codes (2009)

Trellis of convolution codes has inherent symmetry and can be derived from generator sequences. By exploiting the inherent branch symmetry, the branch metric computation of the Viterbi decoder can be reduced significantly without any performance loss. Unfortunately, the butterfly structure only works for rate 1/n convolutional codes. Additionally, little is known in these studies. The study we present in the present paper is an attempt to supplement the findings of these earliest studies on the branch symmetry.
Characterization of Enterovirus Activity, Including That of Enterovirus D68, in Pediatric Patients in Alberta, Canada, in 2014 (2015)

In the late summer and fall of 2014, the province of Alberta, Canada (4.1 million people), was in the midst of peak entero-rhinovirus (ERV) activity, as descriptions of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) activity were being publicized ([1][1], [2][2]). This analysis was undertaken with several goals: (i) to
Reforming Affirmative Asylum Processing in the United States: Challenges and Opportunities (1994)

After ten years of implementing the Refugee Act of 1980' under interim regulations' and amidst great controversy, 3 the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) promulgated a final asylum rule 4 on July 27, 1990.'The new rule brought the United States formally into compliance with its international obligations 6 and reflected its traditional commitment to protecting those seeking a haven from persecution."In the fourteen years since 1980, the United States has granted asylum to
Towards a Distributed Runtime Monitor for ICS/SCADA Systems (2016)

IndustrialControl Systems (ICS) and SCADA (SupervisoryControl and Data Acquisition) systems are typically used in industries such as electricity generation and supply, gas supply, logistics, manufacturing and hospitals and are considered critical national infrastructure. The evolution of these systems from isolated environments into internet connected ones, in combination with their long service life and real-time nature have raised severe security concerns in the event of a cyber-attack. In this paper, we review the current literature surrounding the threats, vulnerabilities, exploits and existing approaches to securing vulnerable SCADA systems. We then focus specifically on the development of a distributed online runtime monitor to detect violations of safety properties.We conclude with suggestions for further research needed to progress the state of the art in the area of distributed online runtime verification of SCADA systems.
Protein phosphatases are pest containing proteins (1997)

Protein phosphatases are required for removing phosphoryl groups in proteins involved in many physiological processes. Investigation of these enzymes for regions rich in proline (P), glutamic acid (E), serine (S) and threonine (T), called PEST regions showed that greater than 85% of the phosphatases investigated contained these regions. These regions are believed to be signals for degradation and could possibly serve as regulators of the intracellular localization and catalytic activity via limited proteolysis or as conditional signals for rapid degradation of these proteins by the ATP/ubiquitin-dependent and/or the ATP non-ubiquitin dependent proteolytic pathway. Many of these phosphatases were also found to contain a pentapeptide sequence biochemically related to the KFERQ motif which targets proteins for lysosomal degradation which suggest that several pathways may exist for the degradation of protein phosphatases.
Principles of Political Economy (2020)

The conception, accordingly of Political Economy as a branch of science is extremely modern; but the subject with which its enquiries are conversant has in all ages necessarily constituted one of the chief practical interests of mankind, and, in some, a most unduly engrossing one. That subject is Wealth. Writers on Political Economy profess to teach, or to investigate, the nature of Wealth, and the laws of its production and distribution: including, directly or remotely, the operation of all the causes by which the condition of mankind, or of any society of human beings, in respect to this universal object of human desire, is made prosperous or the reverse. Things for which nothing could be obtained in exchange, however useful or necessary they may be, are not wealth in the sense in which the term is used in Political Economy.
Human Activity Recognition with User-Free Accelerometers in the Sensor Networks (2006)

Many applications using wireless sensor networks (WSNs) aim at providing friendly and intelligent services based on the recognition of human's activities. Although the research result on wearable computing has been fruitful, our experience indicates that a user-free sensor deployment is more natural and acceptable to users. In our system, activities were recognized through matching the movement patterns of the objects, to which tri-axial accelerometers had been attached. Several representative features, including accelerations and their fusion, were calculated and three classifiers were tested on these features. Compared with decision tree (DT) C4.5 and multiple-layer perception (MLP), support vector machine (SVM) performs relatively well across different tests. Additionally, feature selection are discussed for better system performance for WSNs
Holmium Laser Sclerostomy via Corneal Approach With Transconjunctival Mitomycin-C in Rabbits (1995)

We studied the use of the holmium laser for sclerostomy through a small lamellar corneal incision and the effects of transconjunctival mitomycin-C on the outcome of filtration surgery without conjunctival incision. The holmium laser, equipped with a straight-firing probe, was used to create sclerostomies in seven New Zealand white rabbits through a corneal lamellar incision. One eye in each rabbit was treated with transconjunctival mitomycin-C (0.4 micrograms/mL for 5 minutes), and the fellow eye underwent sclerostomy without pretreatment with mitomycin-C as a control. The reduction in intraocular pressure was greater and persisted significantly longer in the eyes pretreated with mitomycin-C than in the controls. All control eyes had flat blebs by day 7 to 12, while the treated eyes maintained a bleb throughout the study. Microscopic examination showed that sclerostomies created by the straight-firing probe induced significantly less thermal damage than those created by the stationary side-firing probe. These results demonstrate that successful transcorneal sclerostomy without conjunctival incision can be created using the straight-firing holmium laser probe, with enhancement of filtration by pretreatment with transconjunctival mitomycin-C.
A redox mechanism underlying nucleolar stress sensing by nucleophosmin (2016)

The nucleolus has been recently described as a stress sensor. The nucleoplasmic translocation of nucleolar protein nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a hallmark of nucleolar stress; however, the causes of this translocation and its connection to p53 activation are unclear. Using single live-cell imaging and the redox biosensors, we demonstrate that nucleolar oxidation is a general response to various cellular stresses. During nucleolar oxidation, NPM1 undergoes S-glutathionylation on cysteine 275, which triggers the dissociation of NPM1 from nucleolar nucleic acids. The C275S mutant NPM1, unable to be glutathionylated, remains in the nucleolus under nucleolar stress. Compared with wild-type NPM1 that can disrupt the p53-HDM2 interaction, the C275S mutant greatly compromises the activation of p53, highlighting that nucleoplasmic translocation of NPM1 is a prerequisite for stress-induced activation of p53. This study elucidates a redox mechanism for the nucleolar stress sensing and may help the development of therapeutic strategies.
Florence and the Despots Some Aspects of Florentine Diplomacy in the Fourteenth Century (1952)

During the fourteenth century, Florence was one of the main centres of the republican regime in Italy, and the Florentines were increasingly aware of this position in a country which had come to a large extent under the sway of the Signoria. Florence herself had, on two occasions during the first half of the century, direct experience of the new regime: in a moderate form during the rule of the duke of Calabria (1325–8), and in its full strength during the short-lived Signoria of the duke of Athens (1342–3). The reaction in favour of the traditional communal form of government had been vigorous in both cases, but particularly so after the expulsion of the duke of Athens. The shock which the Florentines received from the events of 1342–3 helped to strengthen their loyalty to their traditional institutions and liberties for a long time to come.
T<scp>wo new male‐sterile mutants of</scp><i>Z<scp>ea mays</scp></i> (P<scp>oaceae</scp>) <scp>with abnormal tapetal cell morphology</scp> (1995)

Two new recessive male‐sterile mutants of Zea mays (Poaceae), or maize, were studied to identify the timing of pollen abortion and to examine the involvement of anther wall cell layers. The results of test crosses indicated that these mutants were not allelic with any known male‐sterile mutants of maize. Light and transmission electron microscopy were used to compare pollen development in homozygous male‐sterile mutants to that in fertile heterozygous siblings. In both mutants, microspores abort soon after release from the meiotic tetrad. However, the two mutations have strikingly different phenotypes. Large lipid bodies accumulate in the tapetal cells as the microspores vacuolate and die in the mutant ms 25. Large vacuoles appear in both the tapetal cells and the young microspores as they begin to disintegrate in the mutant ms 26. Because abnormal tapetal cell morphology is detected in both mutants, it is possible that both of these mutations affect the expression of genes in tapetal cells.
Association Between the Thr431Asn Polymorphism of the ROCK2 Gene and Risk of Developing Metastases of Breast Cancer (2009)

The objective of this study was to analyze the genotype distributions and allele frequencies for ROCK2 Thr431Asn and Arg83Lys polymorphisms among breast cancer patients. In this case-control study, 223 patients with breast cancer were recruited and divided into two groups according to metastases (n = 128) and without metastases (n = 95). Genomic DNA from the patients and the control cases (n = 150) was analyzed by real-time PCR using a Light-Cycler. Neither genotype distributions nor the allele frequencies for the Arg83Lys polymorphism showed a significant difference between the groups. Although no marked changes were observed with nonmetastatic group, a statistically significant association was found between the control and metastatic group for the Thr431Asn polymorphism. Although homozygous carriers of the Thr431Thr genotype were more frequent, heterozygous carriers of the Thr431Asn genotype were less frequent among the metastatic patients than among controls. There was also an increase in Thr431 allele (60.5% in patients vs. 51.7% in controls) and decrease in Asn431 allele frequencies (48.3% in control vs. 39.5% in metastatic patients) in metastatic groups (p = 0.036). Our results demonstrate that Thr431Asn polymorphism of the ROCK2 gene could be a risk factor for the metastases of the breast cancer, and may help in predicting the prognosis.
The Molecular Basis of Lmo2-Induced T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2010)

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is commonly caused by the overexpression of oncogenic transcription factors in developing T cells. In a mouse model of one such oncogene, LMO2, the cellular effect is to induce self-renewal of committed T cells in the thymus, which persist long-term while acquiring additional mutations and eventually giving rise to leukemia. These precancerous stem cells (pre-CSC) are intrinsically resistant to radiotherapy, implying that they may be refractory to conventional cancer therapies. However, they depend on an aberrantly expressed stem cell-like self-renewal program for their maintenance, in addition to a specialized thymic microenvironmental niche. Here, we discuss potential approaches for targeting pre-CSCs in T-ALL by using therapies directed at oncogenic transcription factors themselves, downstream self-renewal pathways, and the supportive cell niche.
Factor XI: A Review of Its Biochemistry and Deficiency (1991)

The biochemistry and physiology of Factor XI have been reviewed. The clinical history of our 25 patients was reviewed and compared with others' experiences. Factor XI deficiency remains enigmatic in that there is no correlation between Factor XI levels and clinical manifestations. Approximately 40 to 50% of all persons lacking Factor XI are of Ashkenazi Jewish extraction, and the remainder are represented by nearly all populations. Persons may be found to lack Factor XI because of evaluation for hemorrhage, evaluation of a prolonged PTT, or through family or other genetic studies. Hemorrhage is not as severe as in patients with hemophilia A or B. Data are presented suggesting that hemorrhage may, in part, be associated with aspirin use.
Effects of inhaled nitric oxide on pulmonary hemodynamics in a porcine model of endotoxin shock (1999)

In endotoxin-induced pulmonary hypertension, inhaled NO may function as a modulator of distal pulmonary arterial tone but fails to act as a regulator of larger capacitance pulmonary vessels.
Liquid‐Phase Exfoliation of Hexagonal Boron Nitride into Boron Nitride Nanosheets in Common Organic Solvents with Hyperbranched Polyethylene as Stabilizer (2018)

Abstract Large‐scale production of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) is of significant importance for their various applications. Herein, a facile strategy is well demonstrated for BNNS fabrication via liquid‐phase exfoliation of bulk hexagonal boron nitride ( h ‐BN) in common organic solvents with hyperbranched polyethylene (HBPE) as stabilizer. Synthesized from commercially abundant ethylene stock via a simple process, the HBPE is found to effectively promote h ‐BN exfoliation both in tetrahydrofuran and chloroform under sonication, to render stable dispersions of high‐quality monolayer or few‐layer BNNSs with adjustable concentrations. This has been confirmed to originate from the noncovalent CH–π interactions between the HBPE and BNNS surface, which results in irreversible HBPE adsorption on the latter to effectively prevent their reaggregation. The resultant HBPE‐functionalized BNNSs are highly dispersible in chloroform or N,N ‐dimethylformamide at a concentration as high as 10.0 mg mL −1 , and can be successfully used as nanofiller for a fluorinated copolymer.
Neural mechanisms underlying behavior in the locust <i>Schistocerca gregaria</i> I. Physiology of identified motorneurons in the metathoracic ganglion (1973)

Abstract A preparation of the desert locust, Schistocera gregaria , has been developed, in which it was possible to work with identified neurons while still allowing some behavior. A total of 26 motorneurons to the hind leg were studied singly, and in various pairs, both by direct stimulation, and by recording during spontaneous activity and various reflex actions. Motorneurons were identified by passing current into their somata and correlating the evoked somata spikes with extracellularly or intracellularly recorded events in the muscles. Tension of the muscle was also recorded and motor axons were stimulated to evoke antidromic spikes in the somata. Both epsp's and ipsp's can be seen clearly in recordings from the somata; spikes appear as electrotonically conducted remnants only. Somata exhibited little or no electrogenesis. It is inferred that impulses are initiated in a zone tentatively identified with the region of emergence of the motor axon from the neuropil. Integration occurs in the neuropilar segment, with the soma serving as a parallel RC element. Data was obtained on the central mechanisms of coordination of synergistic and antagonistic motorneurons and on the modes of excitation of slow and fast neurons to the same muscles.
Three dimensional analysis of facial movement in normal adults: influence of sex and facial shape. (2001)

The aim of this study was to quantify facial movements in a sample of normal adults and to investigate the influence of sex and facial shape on these movements. The study sample consisted of 50 healthy adult subjects, 25 males and 25 females (age: mean = 27.3 years; range = 23-39 years). A video-based tracking system was used to track small-diameter retroreflective markers positioned at specific facial sites. Subjects were instructed to make 7 maximum facial animations from rest, and the facial movements for each animation were characterized as the vectors of maximum displacement. Hotelling's T2 was used to test for significant sex differences in facial movements. In order to determine the effects of facial shape on facial movements, an index of facial shape was first calculated for each subject, and then a mixed-model ANOVA was used with facial shape (index), sex, and the interaction between facial shape and sex as fixed effects and subject as a random effect. The results demonstrated specific movement patterns for each animation. In general, males had larger movements than females and facial shape had a small but significant effect on facial movements. By comparing patient movements with the data from this large normative sample, the utility of this method to assess region-specific movement deficits was demonstrated.
Enhanced Electromechanical Performance of Graphite Oxide-Nafion Nanocomposite Actuator (2010)

We report for the first time the fabrication of the graphene oxide (GO)-Nafion actuators with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as electrodes. The exfoliated GO was homogeneously dispersed in the Nafion matrix with doping level of 0.5−10 wt %. CNT electrodes on both sides of the membrane were made by dip-coating method; that is, the composites membranes were first emerged into the CNT-Nafion dimethylformamide (DMF) solution and then pulled out to dry. The as-prepared GO-Nafion actuators were tested in terms of conductivity, bulk and surface morphology, tip displacement, and blocked force. The results demonstrated that the electrochemical behavior of the polymer nanocomposite was significantly improved because of the efficient distribution of the high aspect ratio GO sheets, and the blocking force of the nanocomposite actuator with doping level 10 wt % is 4 times that of the virgin nafion, and the displacement is nearly 2 times that of nafion.
Signal function of metabolism of neutral amino acids and 2-keto acids for initiation of insulin secretion. (1982)

2-Ketocaproate and 2-ketoisocaproate were equally potent insulin secretagogues. The insulin secretory potency of L-leucine was less than half of that of the keto acids and L-norleucine did not induce any insulin release by isolated islets and by the perfused pancreas from ob/ob mice. Rates of decarboxylation of 2-keto-[1-14C]isocaproate and of 2-keto-[1-14C]caproate were equally high. The finding is consistent with the view that enhanced production of reducing equivalents is necessary for initiation of insulin release. The rates of decarboxylation and transamination of L-[1-14C]leucine by isolated pancreatic islets were several times higher than the rates observed with L-[1-14C]norleucine. Thus, the high activity of the pancreatic islet branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase may be important for the recognition of L-leucine as an insulin secretagogue by pancreatic B-cells.
CONGENITAL FAILURE OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF VENTILATION, GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY AND HEART RATE (1978)

A new congenital syndrome characterized by the simultaneous failure of control of ventilation (Ondine's curse) and intestinal motility (Hirschsprung's disease) is reported in three infants, all of whom died in the first few months of life; two were siblings. Detailed studies in one also revealed markedly decreased esophageal motility and abnormal control of heart rate. In one infant, minute ventilation was lower in quiet than in REM sleep and lower in both states of sleep than in wakefulness. Although the mean inspiratory flow was decreased in quiet sleep, the hypoventilation resulted primarily from a decrease in respiratory frequency. Intravenous doxapram increased ventilation but did not reverse respiratory failure. Aminophyllin, progesterone, physostigmine and chlorpromazine did not change ventilation significantly; imipramine resulted in a significant decrease. Both long and short-term variability of the heart rate were markedly decreased when compared with the normal infant. Although neuropathologic studies postmorten did not reveal an anatomic defect, we postulate that a developmental abnormality in serotonergic neurons is responsible for this new syndrome.