gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bio-electric field enhancement: the influence on hyaluronan mediated motility receptors in human breast carcinoma. (2017)

Mechanisms that regulate cancer cell metastasis are often intricately linked to mechanisms that control cell migration in wound repair. Hyaluronan Mediated Motility Receptor (HMMR) encodes a receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM), a non-integral cell surface hyaluronan receptor and intracellular protein that promotes mitotic spindle formation and cell motility. RHAMM has been found to have increased expression in both cancers and wounds, and when cancers show increased RHAMM expression poor outcomes have occurred. Therefore, RHAMM has been shown to contribute to both natural healing mechanisms and cancer cell pathology. RHAMM is expressed in breast tissue and forms a polarity normalizing complex with BRCA1. Mutations of BRCA1 have been associated with a loss of apicobasal cell polarity along with a subsequent increased expression of RHAMM. Here we show how a human breast carcinoma cell line was maintained in media prepared with a dilute saline solution that had been exposed to a dielectrophoretic (DEP) electromagnetic field (EMF) generated by 3 amperes of direct current (dc) to a device housing an array of conductive rings. This Bio-electric Field Enhancement (BEFE) device has been available commercially for use in baths/footbaths since 1996 and consumers claim that it provides health benefits ranging from lowering blood pressure to faster wound healing. Our studies showed a significant inhibition of growth of human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells when they were maintained in media prepared with dc-DEP EMF force treated dilute saline while no growth inhibition occurred when the same cells were maintained in identically prepared but untreated media. Importantly, no growth inhibition was observed in human epithelial MCF-10A cells when grown in either treated or untreated media. Also, mitotic spindle formation was inhibited in the human breast carcinoma when they were grown in dc-DEP EMF force treated media. To determine if any gene expression changes contributed to the selective growth inhibition and absent mitotic spindle formation in the human breast carcinoma grown in the treated media, we employed microarray analysis and found that there was large-scale transcriptional reprogramming of the tumor cells grown in the treated media with over 1,000 genes up- or down-regulated over 2-fold, whereas the non-cancerous MCF-10A cells showed relatively modest changes in gene expression. Of the genes affected in the MDA-MB-231 cells, the significance of down-regulation of HMMR is discussed. The ability to enhance cell polarity through the application of this dc-DEP EMF force may offer another way to stabilize HMMR and differentially modulate its expression in cancerous and noncancerous cells.
Physical interaction and activity coupling between two enzymes induced by immobilization of one. (1980)

Flavin reductase and bacterial luciferase are believed to be coupled in the in vivo light emitting reaction. In extracts, however, they are both soluble enzymes that exhibit little or no association. Immobilized luciferase, covalently attached to Sepharose, was found to bind the soluble reductase and to exhibit activity in the coupled reaction reaction with an enhanced efficiency of electron transfer.
Voltammetric Detection of Cr(VI) with Disposable Screen-Printed Electrode Modified with Gold Nanoparticles (2007)

Gold nanoparticle (Au-NP) enhanced voltammetric detection of Cr(VI) is developed for determination of trace amounts of Cr(VI) in an acetate buffer media (pH 4.6). The Au-NPs were electrodeposited onto a disposable screen printed electrode (SPE) via an electrodeposition step. It was found that the electrodeposited Au-NP has strong adsorption on Cr(VI) species, which results in an enhanced reduction current of Cr(VI). Compared with the bulk gold electrode, the reduction current of Cr(VI) was enhanced 10 times with the Au-NP-modified SPE electrode. Square wave voltammetric (SWV) measurement with the disposable Au-NP-modified SPE provides a fast, simple and sensitive detection of trace amounts of Cr(VI). The adsorption of Cr(VI) on Au-NP was characterized with voltammetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet spectra. The different parameters including the electrodepositing time, supporting electrolyte, and pH that govern the analytical performance of the electrode have been studied in detail and optimized. The detection limit of 5 microg L(-1) Cr (VI) was obtained under optimum experimental conditions. The performance of the sensor was successfully evaluated with river water samples spiked with Cr(VI), indicating this convenient and sensitive technique offers great promise for onsite environmental monitoring and biomonitoring of Cr(VI).
The Thread of Life (1996)

Susan Aldridge gives an accessible guide to the world of DNA and also explores the applications of genetic engineering in biotechnology. She takes the reader, step by step, through the fascinating study of molecular biology. The first part of the book describes DNA and its function within living organisms. The second part explores genetic engineering and its applications to humans such as gene therapy, genetic screening and DNA fingerprinting. The third looks at the wider world of biotechnology and how genetic engineering can be applied to such problems as producing vegetarian cheese or cleaning up the environment. The final part explains how knowledge of the structure and functioning of genes sheds light on evolution and our place in the world. Although easy to read, this book faces up to the science involved and should be read by anyone who wants to know about DNA and genetic engineering.
A radiotracer study of durability of acrylic soil release polymers to laundering (1972)

Abstract Cotton/polyester fabrics were treated with 14 C‐labeled acrylic soil release polymers, either alone or with a durable press reagent, dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU). Both two‐bath and one‐bath applications were used. Rate of removal of polymer in laundering was determined experimentally by radiotracer methods. Removal was faster in the order polymer alone (no DMDHEU) > two‐bath process > one‐bath process. The difference was much more significant when high molecular weight emulsion polymer was used than partially neutralized low molecular weight solution polymer. It is concluded that condensed DMDHEU serves as a coupling agent to bind polymer to fabric, thereby retarding removal of polymer in laundering. The significance of the results with respect to soil release of treated fabrics is discussed.
30 to 230 megacycle pulse technique for ultrasonic absorption measurements in liquids (1962)

A proved design for a pulse technique for measuring ultrasonic absorption in liquids is described in detail. The incorporation of servo-control and special methods of data-handling have made it possible for the speed and accuracy of measurements to be increased appreciably. A collection of data obtained from pure liquids by means of the equipment is included for the benefit of other experimenters.
Inter- and Intramolecular Cross-linking in Tyrosinase-treated Tropocollagen (1966)

Abstract Tropocollagen solutions treated with mushroom tyrosinase developed a yellow-brown color and showed a large increase in viscosity. Spectral and fluorescence studies revealed the oxidation of tyrosine residues in collagen. Viscosity, sedimentation, and polarimetric studies showed that tyrosinase action on collagen resulted in inter- and intramolecular cross-linking of tropocollagen molecules. Protease treatment abolished most of the sites of tyrosinase action in tropocollagen. The results suggest that tyrosine residues in collagen are integral parts of the tropocollagen primary structure and that they are mainly located on protease-susceptible peptide appendages (telopeptides) so strategically located that they play important roles in intermolecular interactions.
<i>Biomedical Particle Accelerators</i> (1995)

Contents: 1. Methods of accelerating charged particles. 2. Electron accelerators for routine radiotherapy. 3. Accelerator laboratories for routine therapy. 4. Accelerators for conventional therapy. 5. Synchrotron radiation sources and their uses. 6. Production of medical radioisotopes. 7. Accelerator radiation processing. 8. Accelerator analytical methods. Bibliography. List of firms.
Dysregulation in Retinal Para-Inflammation and Age-Related Retinal Degeneration in CCL2 or CCR2 Deficient Mice (2011)

We have shown previously that a para-inflammatory response exists at the retinal/choroidal interface in the aging eye; and this response plays an important role in maintaining retinal homeostasis under chronic stress conditions. We hypothesized that dysregulation of the para-inflammatory response may result in an overt pro-inflammatory response inducing retinal degeneration. In this study, we examined this hypothesis in mice deficient in chemokine CCL2 or its cognate receptor CCR2. CCL2- or CCR2-deficient mice developed retinal degenerative changes with age, characterized as retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell and photoreceptor cell death. Retinal cell death was associated with significantly more subretinal microglial accumulation and increased complement activation. In addition, monocytes from CCL2- or CCR2-deficient mice had reduced capacity for phagocytosis and chemotaxis, expressed less IL-10 but more iNOS, IL-12 and TNF-α when compared to monocytes from WT mice. Complement activation at the site of RPE cell death resulted in C3b/C3d but not C5b-9 deposition, indicating only partial activation of the complement pathway. Our results suggest that altered monocyte functions may convert the protective para-inflammatory response into an overtly harmful inflammation at the retina/choroidal interface in CCL2- or CCR2-deficient mice, leading to RPE and photoreceptor degeneration. These data support a concept whereby a protective para-inflammatory response relies upon a normally functioning innate immune system. If the innate immune system is deficient chronic stress may tip the balance towards an overt inflammatory response causing cell/tissue damage.
Cytotoxicity of selected imidazolium-derived ionic liquids in the human Caco-2 cell line. Sub-structural toxicological interpretation through a QSAR study (2008)

Room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) are considered green chemicals that may replace volatile organic solvents currently used by industry. However, toxicological effects of ILs are not well known. In this study, we describe the cytotoxicity of selected imidazolium-derived ILs in Caco-2 cells, prototypical human epithelial cells. The most toxic IL was 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C10mim][Cl]), whereas the least toxic was 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methyl sulfate ([C1mim][MSO4]). Using the toxicological experimental data obtained we developed a Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) study using the Topological Sub-Structural Molecular Design (TOPS-MODE) approach. The model found showed excellent statistical parameters and from their interpretation, we arrived to some important conclusions such as: For 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride derivatives, a correlation between the R2 alkyl chain length and toxicity was observable. A positive contribution of p-chloro substituent in benzyl ring is detected among 1-methylarylimidazolium chloride derivatives. Regarding the contribution of the anion, anion chloride presents a positive contribution to toxicity whereas for compounds [C1mim][MSO4] and [C1eim][ESO4], a negative fragment contribution can be detected in anion methyl or ethyl sulfate. The EC50 values determined for the ILs analysed in this study in Caco-2 cells are lower than the data reported in the literature on the toxicity of classical solvents assessed with cell lines. In conclusion, our results indicate that the possible cytotoxic effect of ILs should be considered in the design and overall evaluation of these compounds. Nevertheless, any toxicity evaluation of ILs should take their bioavailability into account, which will be affected by their low volatility, compared to conventional solvents.
Catalytic activity and control of the nascent morphology of polyethylenes obtained with first and second generation of Ziegler–Natta catalysts (1984)

The morphologies of the as-produced polyethylenes obtained by slurry polymerization process of ethylene in n-heptane, using heterogeneous conventional and supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts, were investigated. The ability of four different catalytic systems in controlling the size and shape of the nascent polymer particles were tested. The catalytic systems employed were: the original Ziegler type catalyst produced by reduction of TiCl4 with Et2AlCl, the Natta type catalyst TiCl3–AA, the reduced TiCl4 with the metal carbonyls [Mo(CO)6 and Mn2(CO)10], and the supported TiCl4 on three commercial silicas having different surface areas: Davison 951, 952, and also the Dart 1000. It was found that the carriers affect the catalytic activity of the final catalyst and also its kinetic behavior. The supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts control more easily the nascent polymer particles (size, shape, and porosity) than the conventional ones. In addition the morphology of the catalysts and the subsequent polymer particles are closely related to the parent morphology of the silicas used as carriers. Furthermore, the nascent morphology of the polyethylenes obtained with the conventional TiCl4–Et2AlCl catalytic system can be modified by using different |Al|/|Ti| ratios, resulting in more dense, spherical, and bigger polymer particles by increasing this ratio. On the other hand, detailed studies on the texture or arrangement of the polymer particles reveal the existence of mainly two fine morphologies (globular and wormlike), which are the result of the order of the primary or elementary catalyst particles (microspheres and platelets), the force linking them together, and the activity of the polymerization centers placed on their surface.
Comparison of treatment regimens to sensitize in situ hybridization for low-abundance calmodulin transcripts in the white matter of the rat spinal cord (2003)

We compared two in situ hybridization protocols for the detection of low- abundance calmodulin (CaM) I mRNA populations in the lipid-rich white matter of the rat lumbar spinal cord. Digoxigenin-labeled, CaM I gene-specific antisense and sense cRNA probes were used in these experiments. Although microwave heating followed by chloroform and 0.1% triton X-100 treatment resulted in the specific labeling of several cells in the gray matter of the spinal cord with a low nonspecific signal, it did not detect any CaM I expressing cells in the white matter. The protocol involving a hybridization solution adjusted to a slightly alkaline pH (pH 8.0), however, resulted in the detection of a large number of CaM-expressing cells not only in the gray matter, but also in the white matter of the spinal cord, with a nonspecific hybridization signal that was essentially identical to that of the background, and it also retained a much better overall tissue quality as compared with the protocol involving microwave heating and triton X-100 treatment. Numerous medium-sized astrocyte-like cells and smaller cells resembling oligodendrocytes were detected that expressed CaM I mRNAs throughout the white matter of the lumbar spinal cord. Thus, in situ hybridization carried out at a slightly alkaline pH is a far superior method for the detection of low-abundance mRNA populations in lipid-rich regions of the central nervous system, such as the white matter areas, as compared with microwave heating combined with triton X-100 treatment.
Vascular Stem/Progenitor Cell Migration Induced by Smooth Muscle Cell-Derived Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 2 and Chemokine (C-X-C motif) Ligand 1 Contributes to Neointima Formation (2016)

Recent studies have shown that Sca-1(+) (stem cell antigen-1) stem/progenitor cells within blood vessel walls may contribute to neointima formation, but the mechanism behind their recruitment has not been explored. In this work Sca-1(+) progenitor cells were cultivated from mouse vein graft tissue and found to exhibit increased migration when cocultured with smooth muscle cells (SMCs) or when treated with SMC-derived conditioned medium. This migration was associated with elevated levels of chemokines, CCL2 (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2) and CXCL1 (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1), and their corresponding receptors on Sca-1(+) progenitors, CCR2 (chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2) and CXCR2 (chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2), which were also upregulated following SMC conditioned medium treatment. Knockdown of either receptor in Sca-1(+) progenitors significantly inhibited cell migration. The GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1 were activated by both CCL2 and CXCL1 stimulation and p38 phosphorylation was increased. However, only Rac1 inhibition significantly reduced migration and p38 phosphorylation. After Sca-1(+) progenitors labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) were applied to the adventitial side of wire-injured mouse femoral arteries, a large proportion of GFP-Sca-1(+) -cells were observed in neointimal lesions, and a marked increase in neointimal lesion formation was seen 1 week post-operation. Interestingly, Sca-1(+) progenitor migration from the adventitia to the neointima was abrogated and neointima formation diminished in a wire injury model using CCL2(-/-) mice. These findings suggest vascular stem/progenitor cell migration from the adventitia to the neointima can be induced by SMC release of chemokines which act via CCR2/Rac1/p38 and CXCR2/Rac1/p38 signaling pathways. Stem Cells 2016;34:2368-2380.
The Thermal Decomposition of Alkyl Hydroperoxides<sup>1</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Thermal Decomposition of Alkyl Hydroperoxides1J. R. ThomasCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 1, 246–248Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01606a091https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01606a091research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Introducing the Computer (1982)

Mastering computers calls for an understanding of computers as machines in the service of man, and how they have come to be the characteristic machines of our age to such an extent that this part of the twentieth century is often called 'The Computer Age'. The popular image of a computer as an electronic brain, or the professional jargon which attributes 'intelligence' and 'memory' to computers, serves only to confuse a proper understanding of computers as machines designed and built by people, for use by people. Although it is not easy to describe a computer in a few words, in principle the computer is a simple machine, or rather a group or system of simple machines, co-ordinated by a novel form of automatic control. Its full name is the electronic digital computer: electronic because it consists of electronic components: transistors, capacitors, resistors and now of course the ubiquitous integrated circuit or microchip. These components are activated by electrical impulses; digital because these electronic components are designed to represent and perform operations on digital as opposed to analog signals. The best way to explain the difference between the words analog and digital is to consider the two types of clocks and watches now currently available. They both measure time, but the digital watch divides time up into a series of separate or 'discrete' packets: seconds or some fraction of a second. The analog watch, on the other hand, exactly copies the 'flow' of time (like an 'ever-rolling stream') by the continuous movement of hands over a dial; computer because originally (but not necessarily now) these operations were concerned with numerical computation.
A quick and easy-to-use clinical scale to assess balance in Parkinson&#39;s disease (2012)

Background: Balance difficulty is a major contributor to falls in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the new Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) motor examination contains only one subtest – postural instability – and it is only 3% of the total that assesses balance. There are several balance scales, but they were not developed for PD and they do not complement the MDS-UPDRS. There is a need for a quick and easy-to-use balance scale in PD and one that complements the MDS-UPDRS. Methods: The Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) balance scale was developed as a complement to the MDS-UPDRS and was used to evaluate the risk of falling in 53 PD patients. There were nine patients who fell three times per month ("fallers"). The BNI scale was compared with the widely used Tinetti scale. The Tinetti scale has 16 subtests; the BNI scale has five. Results: The nine fallers had a significantly longer PD duration, a higher MDS-UPDRS score, a higher (worse) BNI balance score, and a lower (worse) Tinetti score compared to 44 nonfallers. Fallers were significantly more impaired on the MDS-UPDRS subtest of postural stability and on the BNI scale. A BNI scale score ≥ 13 had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 88.6% in identifying fallers, whereas a Tinetti scale score ≤ 18 had a sensitivity of 55.6% and a specificity of 95.5% in identifying fallers. The BNI scale with five subtests is easier to perform than the Tinetti with 16 subtests. Conclusion: The BNI balance scale is more sensitive and specific in predicting falls than the Tinetti. It is a useful adjunct to the MDS-UPDRS. Keywords: balance, falls, Parkinson’s disease, Tinetti scale