gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GLP-1 Secretion Is Increased upon Blockade of the Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 2 and 5 Resulting in GLP-1 Receptor-Mediated Lowering of Blood Glucose in Mice (2018)

Somatostatin (SS) is a hormone inhibiting the secretion of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) by binding to 5 SS receptors (SSTr). However, which SSTrs involved is still unclear. We hypothesized that antagonizing the SSTrs on enteroendocrine L-cells may increase secretion of GLP-1 and via GLP-1 receptor mediated mechanism lead to lowering of blood glucose. To investigate the level of the SSTrs we did expression analysis on L-cells isolated from throughout the murine intestine (n=3). We perfused the proximal small intestine from mice (n=6-7) to investigate the impact of SSTr2 and 5 on GLP-1 secretion using intra-arterial administration of specific antagonists. Lastly we performed oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) on mice (n=5-8) after giving 1mg/ml SSTr2 or 5 antagonist with and without the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin(9-39) to investigate the role of these receptors on the glucose profile and to elucidate if their effect was mediated via GLP-1. The expression levels of the SSTrs showed that SSTr2 and especially 5 had the highest expression on L-cells throughout the intestine. The SSTr2 antagonist resulted in a increase in GLP-1 secretion from the perfused intestine (100nM, 4.96pM±0.56; 1µM, 14.55pM±1.4; 10µM, 16.46pM±1.18pM; all p&lt;0.0001). The same doses of SSTr5 antagonist gave a more potent GLP-1 secretion in this setup (100nM, 5.82pM±0.7 p=0.0004; 1µM, 19.79pM±1.2 p&lt;0.0001; 10µM, 48pM±2.6 p&lt;0.0001). Both SSTr2 and SSTr5 antagonists significantly reduced the blood glucose during an OGTT compared to the control (p=0.00and p=0.0072 respectively). This reduction in blood glucose was significantly increased when adding exendin(9-39) together with either the SSTr2 or 5 antagonist (p&lt;0.0001 for SSTr2, p=0.0036 for SSTr5). Our results demonstrate that inhibiting the SSTr2 and SSTr5 increases GLP-1 secretion which in turn may cause the lowering in blood glucose during an OGTT. Disclosure S.L. Jepsen: None. N.J. Wewer Albrechtsen: Speaker's Bureau; Self; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.. Other Relationship; Self; Mercodia, Alpco. J. Pedersen: None. M.S. Engelstoft: None. C.F. Deacon: Other Relationship; Self; Merck & Co., Inc., Eli Lilly and Company. Employee; Spouse/Partner; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.. Stock/Shareholder; Spouse/Partner; Merck & Co., Inc. J.J. Holst: Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Board Member; Self; Zealand Pharma A/S. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., AstraZeneca. Research Support; Self; Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation. Other Relationship; Self; Antag Therapeutics. Other Relationship; Spouse/Partner; Antag Therapeutics.
Syntheses and Properties of Metal‐Centered Mixed‐Valent [NEt<sub>4</sub>]{Mn<sup>II</sup>⊂[Mn<sup>II</sup><sub>3</sub>Mn<sup>III</sup><sub>3</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub>(L)<sub>6</sub>]} Manganese Wheels (2005)

Abstract Upon reaction of N ‐substituted diethanolamines H 2 L 2–4 ( 4 , 6 , 7 ) with cesium carbonate and bis(tetraethylammonium) tetrachloromanganate(II) in acetonitrile in the presence of air, the metal‐centered mixed‐valent manganese wheels [NEt 4 ]{Mn II ⊂[Mn II 3 Mn III 3 Cl 6 (L 2–4 ) 6 ]} ( 8 – 10 ) were generated. X‐ray crystallographic structure analyses revealed, that 8 – 10 are principally isostructural and consist of an alternating ring of three Mn II and three Mn III ions, centered by an additional Mn II ion. The cyclic voltammograms of 8 and 10 displayed three quasi‐reversible oxidation processes, which are attributed to the subsequent one electron‐oxidations of the three peripheral Mn II ions to Mn III . Oxidation of the central Mn II ion is not observed within the applied potential. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
New Calibration MethodUsed for Active Phased Array Antennas (2011)

International audience
Metal-insulator transition in amorphous<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>−</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ni</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>:</mml:mo></mml:math>Evidence for Mott’s minimum metallic conductivity (1999)

We study the metal-insulator transition in two sets of amorphous ${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{x}$ films. The sets were prepared by different, electron-beam-evaporation-based technologies: evaporation of the alloy, and gradient deposition from separate Ni and Si crucibles. The characterization included electron and scanning tunneling microscopy, glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, energy dispersive x-ray analysis, and Rutherford back scattering. Investigating the logarithmic temperature derivative of the conductivity, $w=\mathrm{d}\mathrm{ln}\ensuremath{\sigma}/\mathrm{d}\mathrm{ln}T,$ we observe that, for insulating samples, $w(T)$ shows a minimum, increasing at both low and high T. Both the minimum value of w and the corresponding temperature seem to tend to zero as the transition is approached. The analysis of this feature of $w(T,x)$ leads to the conclusion that the transition in ${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{x}$ is very likely discontinuous at zero temperature in agreement with Mott's original views.
ChemInform Abstract: VERBINDUNGEN MIT EINER MOEGLICHEN EMPFAENGNIS VERHUETENDEN WIRKUNG 3. MITT. SUBSTITUIERTE DIBENZOTHIOPHENCARBONSAEUREN UND IHRE DERIVATE (1973)

Abstract Aus der Cyclohexenoncarbonsäure (I) erhält man mit alkalischem Wasserstoffperoxid das Epoxid (II), das mit 3‐Methoxy‐thiophenol (III) zum Vinylsulfid (IV) reagiert.
High sensitive standard measurement to determine strength of an I-125 brachytherapy source (2011)

We are encouraged to contribute to strengthen quality assurance which keeps brachytherapy safe and available. For the purpose, we aspire to determine the source strength and establish national metrological standard in Japan. It is necessary to assemble a high sensitive free air chamber for measurement of ionization current derived from the source which is very weak especially in Japan. Total uncertainty for the source strength is promising to meet required value from users of measurement instruments.
Analysis of accelerated methods for determination of fatigue curve (2011)

Specification of a full fatigue characteristic for a material and its structure elements takes a very long time and generates significant costs. There are many methods for accelerated obtainment of fatigue characteristics. In this work, a comparative analysis of selected methods of fatigue life specification for 12 kinds of materials has been made, on the basis of literature study. In the conclusions, distinctive features of results obtained by using these methods have been pointed out.
Polymer-Supported Formate and Magnesium: An Efficient Transfer Hydrogenation System for the Facile Reduction of Azo Compounds (2005)

A mild and efficient method was developed for the chemo-selective reduction of azo compounds to the corresponding amine/s using recyclable polymer-supported formate as hydrogen donor in the presence of low cost magnesium powder at room temperature.
Enhanced Optical Properties of Colored Semitransparent Ultrathin Hybrid Solar Cells Employing Fabry–Pérot Etalon With a Dielectric Overlay (2018)

We investigate the effect of a dielectric overlay in a planar microcavity on optical performances of colorful, see-through ultrathin amorphous silicon/organic hybrid solar cells, where a conventional Fabry-Pérot cavity is integrated with a cathode. The proposed colored solar cell devices show an enhanced transmission efficiency by optimizing both a thickness and a refractive index of the dielectric overlay at a resonance wavelength, which is primarily attributed to a better admittance matching. In addition, a purity of semitransparent red, green, and blue colors is improved by increasing a thickness of metallic layers in the microcavity with little sacrificing the transmission efficiency; thus, achieving a wide color gamut coverage as compared to conventional liquid crystal displays. Furthermore, mitigating reflection losses at complementary wavelength ranges and creating sharp resonances lead to an improved photocurrent generation from the semitransparent hybrid solar cells. The study described in this work provides insights and possibilities to enhance the characteristic performances of diverse applications, such as energy-efficient display technologies and decorative solar cells.
The electroacoustic description of an underwater magnetohydrodynamic transducer (1985)

The Lorentz law, electromagnetic force in a conducting-dielectric, compressible, fluid medium, is investigated as a source of underwater acoustic radiation. The transducer system investigated consists of a duct which confines a conducting-dielectric fluid medium. A time-steady magnetic field and mutually orthogonal time-varying current density are established across the transverse dimensions of the duct. The system radiates from the longitudinal ends of the duct in a dipole, two-point array mariner. The electroacoustic system equations in two port form, theoretical and experimental projector sensitivity, and pressure field directivity patterns will be discussed. [Work supported by ONR.]
[Collateral circulations and new vessels in retinal branch vein occlusions. II. New vessels (author's transl)]. (1977)

Two types of anastomotic new vessels develop after retinal branch vein occlusions. In a previous article (Arch. Ophtal. (Paris), 1977, 8-9, pp. 507-522) the useful collateral vessels were described in the re-establishment of a better circulation in the territory of the occluded vein. The second part discusses new vessels: they are dangerous and useless. Their pathogenesis poses the problem of the relationship between hypoxia, ischaemia, revascularisation and vasoproliferation. Their prevention and treatment calls for laser photocoagulation of the ischaemic territory.
Observations and Modeling of Long Negative Laboratory Discharges: Identifying the Physics Important to an Electrical Spark in Air (2011)

There are relatively few reports in the literature focusing on negative laboratory leaders. Most of the reports focus exclusively on the simpler positive laboratory leader that is more commonly encountered in high voltage engineering [Gorin et al., 1976; Les Renardieres Group, 1977; Gallimberti, 1979; Domens et al., 1994; Bazelyan and Raizer 1998]. The physics of the long, negative leader and its positive counterpart are similar; the two differ primarily in their extension mechanisms [Bazelyan and Raizer, 1998]. Long negative sparks extend primarily by an intermittent process termed a 'step' that requires the development of secondary leader channels separated in space from the primary leader channel. Long positive sparks typically extend continuously, although, under proper conditions, their extension can be temporarily halted and begun again, and this is sometimes viewed as a stepping process. However, it is emphasized that the nature of positive leader stepping is not like that of negative leader stepping. There are several key observational studies of the propagation of long, negative-polarity laboratory sparks in air that have aided in the understanding of the stepping mechanisms exhibited by such sparks [e.g., Gorin et al., 1976; Les Renardieres Group, 1981; Ortega et al., 1994; Reess et al., 1995; Bazelyan and Raizer, 1998; Gallimberti et al., 2002]. These reports are reviewed below in Section 2, with emphasis placed on the stepping mechanism (the space stem, pilot, and space leader). Then, in Section 3, reports pertaining to modeling of long negative leaders are summarized.
A novel concentric multilink spherical joint with parallel robotics applications (2002)

A new spherical joint mechanism which is well suited to parallel robotics is presented. The concentric multilink spherical (CMS) joint allows two or more struts to be connected together such that they rotate about a single point. This joint can replace the traditional ball or universal (Hooke) joints in Stewart platforms, variable geometry truss manipulators, and other parallel robots. The TETRA2 robot consists of five nodes and six actuated struts. It provides a range of motion of 1m/spl times/0.5m/spl times/0.5m and has lifted a payload of 10 kg at full lateral extension. Simulation of a 48 struct walking robot illustrates the use of CMS joints to design more complex structures. The simulation also demonstrates new algorithms for parallel robot control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of stress‐induced responses in preweanling rats (1991)

Abstract This study examined in postnatal Days 7, 14, and 21 male rats the effects of social isolation and social isolation with administration of brief foot shocks on the development of stress‐induced behavioral and pituitary‐adrenal hormone responses. Day 21 rats appeared similar to adult rats in their responses to the two test conditions. That is, exposure to either isolation or to shock increased both pituitaryadrenal hormone secretion and tail‐flick latencies but only administration of shock potentiated freezing and ultrasonic vocalizations. Younger rats differed from Day 21 rats in their responses to the two test conditions. In both tests, Day 7 rats produced the highest number of ultrasounds, which may be due to a significant decrease in body temperature. In contrast, in Day 14 pups, exposure to shock significantly reduced isolation‐induced ultrasonic vocalizations. Additional age‐dependent differences were found in the analgesic responses of Days 7 and 14 rats. Day 7 rats exposed to stress became consistently hyperalgesic whereas Day 14 rats showed only a short‐lasting analgesic response. Although in Days 7 and 14 rats exposure to the two stress conditions produced significant elevations in pituitary‐adrenal hormone concentrations, plasma levels were lower than those measured in Day 21 rats. To summarize, preweanling rats exhibit varied age‐dependent responses when exposed to different stress environments.
Matching of maternal and fetal flow ratios in the sheep placenta. (1989)

Local interaction of maternal and fetal placental blood flows was studied in two groups of unanaesthetized near-term sheep. Five sheep were exposed to a simulated dive to 100 feet of seawater (4.03 atmospheres) for 25 min. Six fetuses received an infusion of noradrenaline (6.8 micrograms/[kg x min]). Radioactive microspheres were administered simultaneously to mother and fetus before (control) and after (test) the experimental manipulation. Maternal and fetal relative activities, defined as % of total placental radioactivity divided by % of total placental weight, were calculated for 1-g pieces of cotyledonary tissue under control and test conditions. Pieces of cotyledons were defined as matched if the direction of change in relative activity from control to test was the same for mother and fetus. In the absence of an interaction between the maternal and fetal placental circulations, the probability of a piece of cotyledon being matched is 0.5. In each series of experiments the proportion of all cotyledon pieces having maternal and fetal relative activities that changed in the same direction was significantly greater than 0.5. Thus, the majority of the placental mass responds to a physical or chemical perturbation of the fetus in such a way that changes in relative perfusion are qualitatively matched in the adjacent maternal and fetal placental circulations.
Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion vs. amphotericin B as therapy for invasive aspergillosis. (1997)

To assess the efficacy and safety of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD), 82 patients with proven or probable aspergillosis who were treated in clinical trials with ABCD were compared retrospectively with 261 patients with aspergillosis who were treated with amphotericin B at six cancer or transplant centers from January 1990 to June 1994. The groups were balanced in terms of underlying disease; ABCD recipients were younger and more likely to have preexisting renal insufficiency than were amphotericin B recipients (40.7% vs. 8.7%, respectively), and amphotericin B recipients were more likely to be neutropenic at baseline than were ABCD recipients (42.5% vs. 15.9%, respectively). Response rates (48.8%) and survival rates (50%) among ABCD-treated patients were higher than those (23.4% and 28.4%, respectively) among amphotericin B-treated patients (P < .001 for both comparisons). Renal dysfunction developed less frequently in ABCD recipients than in amphotericin B recipients (8.2% vs. 43.1%, respectively; P < .001). Multivariate analysis revealed that treatment group was the best predictor of response, mortality, and nephrotoxicity (ABCD: relative risk [RR] = 3.00, P = .002; RR = 0.35, P < .001; and RR = 0.13, P = .001; respectively). This retrospective study suggests that in the treatment of aspergillosis ABCD causes fewer nephrotoxic effects than amphotericin B and the efficacy of ABCD is at least comparable with that of amphotericin B.
Reconstruction of longitudinal stability of the forearm after disruption of interosseous ligament and radial head excision (Essex-Lopresti lesion). (1999)

We have presented a technique for reconstruction of the central band of the interosseous membrane in conjunction with surgical repair of the distal radial joint and radial head prosthesis. With this technique, we address all three anatomic structures that provide longitudinal stability of the forearm, specifically, (1) radial head replacement, (2) interosseous membrane reconstitution, and (3) TFCC repair.
Device for Cold Spray Coating and Winding of Aluminum Mesh (2005)

Abstract The aim of this investigation was to establish a concept of a device for winding and coating an aluminum mesh, to design the device, manufacture a prototype and carry out laboratory testing with cold spraying.
Effect of Water Vapor Addition on the Microwave-Excited Ar Plasma-Induced Poly(ethylene glycol) Polymerization and Immobilization of L-Cysteine (2012)

The effect of water vapor addition on the Ar plasma-induced polymerization or crosslinking of a poly(ethylene glycol) spacer layer was studied to functionalize polymeric materials for medical application using microwave-excited surface-wave plasma. Optical emission spectroscopy reveals that the emission intensity of OH radicals strongly depends on the H2O gas mixture ratio. It is confirmed that the Ar/H2O plasma can induce maximal hydroxyl group grafting onto the sample surface at an Ar flow rate of 40 sccm and a H2O gas mixture ratio of 2%, where the immobilization of L-cysteine molecules mediated by hydroxyl groups is also maximized.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Syntheses of syn‐ and anti‐1,2‐Amino Alcohols. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Activation and growth of colony-stimulating factor-dependent cell lines is cell cycle stage dependent. (1987)

Hematopoietic cell development is regulated by a series of growth factors that are progressively restricted in their biological activity. IL-3 is a multi-lineage growth factor that supports the growth and differentiation of progenitor cells belonging to multiple lineages. However, the mechanism by which IL-3 induces proliferation and differentiation of these cells is not completely understood. In this report, we have used two IL-3-dependent cell lines, FDC-P1 (a myeloid progenitor) and F15.12 (a lymphoid progenitor) to investigate IL-3-mediated growth and differentiation. When either FDC-P1 or FL5.12 cells are deprived of IL-3, greater than 90% of all cells accumulate in the G0 phase of the cell cycle. Upon readdition of IL-3, the cells will reenter the active phases of the cell cycle. Therefore, IL-3 can act as both a competence (G0----G1) factor, and a progression (G1----M) factor for hematopoietic precursor clones. FDC-P1 cells can also proliferate in response to granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (G/M-CSF) and IL-4 (B cell stimulatory factor 1 [BSF-1]). However, resting (G0) FDC-P1 cells have lost their ability to grow in response to both G/M-CSF and IL-4, even though both factors can induce a G0----G1 transition. Therefore, G/M-CSF or IL-4 behave as progression factors among certain IL-3-responsive clones, and in those cases only in defined points in the cell cycle. Both IL-4 and G/M-CSF can maintain long-term growth of FDC-P1 cells. Upon removal of factor for 24 h, these clones accumulate in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and do not appear to enter G0 even after 36 h of factor deprivation. Therefore, cells maintained in G/M-CSF or IL-4 have altered growth requirements compared with the IL-3-dependent lines from which they were derived. The ability of various hematopoietic growth factors to regulate cell cycle progression in IL-3-dependent cell lines is dependent not only upon the lineage from which these cells were derived, but also the phase of the cell cycle in which those cells reside. The consequences of these interactions dictate the manner by which various clones will respond to CSFs and whether the cells will grow and/or differentiate.
Formal Hepatic Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases Ploidy and Prognosis (1992)

Fifty consecutive patients who underwent 52 formal hepatic resections (excluding isolated wedge resections) for metastatic colorectal cancer were analyzed to determine whether DNA content was of prognostic significance. The Dukes' stages of the colorectal primaries were: A (10%), B (20%), C (40%), D (28%), and unknown in 2%. Four patients whose liver metastases were discovered at the time of resection of the primary bowel cancer underwent concomitant liver resection, and the remaining patients underwent delayed resections. The hepatic resections performed were right lobectomy (50%), extended right lobectomy (19%), left lobectomy (13%), left lateral segmentectomy (6%), left lobectomy and right wedge (6%), extended left lobectomy (4%), and right lobectomy and left wedge (2%). The overall morbidity rate was 29%. The in-hospital mortality rate was 9%. As of November 1991, 36 patients have recurred. The 5-year actuarial survival was 28%. Flow cytometry could be performed on 37 archival specimens, 15 of which were found to be diploid whereas 22 were aneuploid. All metastases from Dukes A colorectal primaries demonstrated a diploid DNA content. In addition, there was no difference in actuarial survival between diploid and aneuploid tumors. These data suggest that in selected patients, formal hepatic resection of colorectal liver metastases can be performed with an acceptable morbidity rate, mortality rate, and survival, but ploidy of the resected tumor is not of prognostic significance.