gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystallization, Melting, and Structure of Water Nanoparticles at Atmospherically Relevant Temperatures (2012)

Water nanoparticles play an important role in atmospheric processes, yet their equilibrium and nonequilibrium liquid-ice phase transitions and the structures they form on freezing are not yet fully elucidated. Here we use molecular dynamics simulations with the mW water model to investigate the nonequilibrium freezing and equilibrium melting of water nanoparticles with radii R between 1 and 4.7 nm and the structure of the ice formed by crystallization at temperatures between 150 and 200 K. The ice crystallized in the particles is a hybrid form of ice I with stacked layers of the cubic and hexagonal ice polymorphs in a ratio approximately 2:1. The ratio of cubic ice to hexagonal ice is insensitive to the radius of the water particle and is comparable to that found in simulations of bulk water around the same temperature. Heating frozen particles that contain multiple crystallites leads to Ostwald ripening and annealing of the ice structures, accompanied by an increase in the amount of ice at the expense of the liquid water, before the particles finally melt from the hybrid ice I to liquid, without a transition to hexagonal ice. The melting temperatures T(m) of the nanoparticles are not affected by the ratio of cubic to hexagonal layers in the crystal. T(m) of the ice particles decreases from 255 to 170 K with the particle size and is well described by the Gibbs-Thomson equation, T(m)(R) = T(m)(bulk) - K(GT)/(R - d), with constant K(GT) = 82 ± 5 K·nm and a premelted liquid of width d = 0.26 ± 0.05 nm, about one monolayer. The freezing temperatures also decrease with the particles' radii. These results are important for understanding the composition, freezing, and melting properties of ice and liquid water particles under atmospheric conditions.
Credit Constraints and Demand for Higher Education: Evidence from Financial Deregulation (2015)

We use staggered banking deregulation across states in the United States to examine the impact of the resulting increased credit supply on college enrollment from the 1970s to the early 1990s. Our research design produces estimates that are not confounded by wealth effects due to changes in income or housing wealth. We find that lifting banking restrictions raises college enrollment by about 2.6 percentage points (4.9%). We rule out alternative interpretations by examining results for different income groups and bankrupt households. We also find similar effects for two-year or four-year college completion and supporting evidence in household educational borrowing.
Imprinted gene expression, transplantation medicine, and the “other” human embryonic stem cell (2002)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Artefacts in histopathology (2014)

Histopathology is the science of slide analysis for the diagnostic and research purposes. However, sometimes the presence of certain artefacts in a microscopic section can result in misinterpretations leading to diagnostic pitfalls that can result in increased patient morbidity. This article reviews the common artefacts encountered during slide examination alongside the remedial measures which can be undertaken to differentiate between an artefact and tissue constituent.
The Predictive Value of Stress Shielding for Quantification of Adaptive Bone Resorption Around Hip Replacements (1997)

The presence of a femoral hip stem changes local mechanical signals inside the surrounding bone. In this study we examined the hypothesis that the eventual loss of bone can be estimated from the initial patterns of elastic energy deviation, as determined in FE models of the intact bone and the operated femur. For that purpose two hypothetical relations between elastic energy reduction and resorption were investigated. Their estimates of bone loss were compared to the results of iterative computer simulations. Two kinds of FE model were used, and in each stem stiffness and remodeling threshold (a measure of "biological reactivity") were varied. Provided that reasonable values of the remodeling threshold are assumed and that the stem is firmly bonded to the bone, we found that the difference between direct estimates and simulation models was 4 percent of bone loss. It is therefore concluded that initial patterns of elastic energy deviation give a reasonable indication of expected bone loss.
Effect of Proton Irradiation Dose on the Gettering Efficiency of Platinum and the Performance of Local Lifetime-Controlled Power Diodes (2007)

On the basis of the proximity gettering of platinum by vacancy defects which are induced by proton irradiation, local platinum doping is realized. This method is used as a local lifetime control technology for high-power diodes. The theoretical dependence of electrically active Pt concentration CPtS on the concentration of irradiation-induced defects CV, is also studied. The diodes' reverse performance parameters are measured. At low proton irradiation doses, the quantities of platinum gettered by irradiation-induced defects are enhanced when the irradiation dose increases. This can improve the device's performance. When the proton irradiation dose is high enough, the peak concentration of gettered platinum tends to saturate. This is consistent with the theoretical result.
Possible Role of Volatile Fatty Acids and Abscisic Acid in the Dormancy of Oats (1979)

Species of Avena differ markedly in their levels of pre- and post-harvest dormancy. These species offer the opportunity of determining if dormancy is related to the endogenous level of growth inhibitor. Germinability in two species of differing levels of dormancy, common oat Avena sativa L., and wild oat Avena fatua L. was assessed as were the contents of abscisic acid and volatile fatty acids of chain length C(6)-C(10). In A. sativa which did not possess postharvest dormancy there was no correlation between germination and inhibitor levels but in A. fatua the relationship between the content of fatty acid and dormancy was good. The loss of these fatty acids in dry storage by evaporation could explain after ripening.
A comparison of rocuronium and pancuronium in adult patients scheduled for 'fast-track' elective open heart surgery involving hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (2002)

Residual neuromuscular blockade contributes to postoperative morbidity and mortality, and is more common with long-acting non-depolarising muscle relaxants (NDMRs) such as pancuronium [1]. This phenomenon may be a common occurrence in 'fast-track' managed cardiac patients administered long-acting NDMRs. We examine the usage of NDMRs in cardiac anaesthesia in the United Kingdom.
Pendulin, a Drosophila protein with cell cycle-dependent nuclear localization, is required for normal cell proliferation. (1995)

We describe the dynamic intracellular localization of Drosophila Pendulin and its role in the control of cell proliferation. Pendulin is a new member of a superfamily of proteins which contains Armadillo (Arm) repeats and displays extensive sequence similarities with the Srp1 protein from yeast, with RAG-1 interacting proteins from humans, and with the importin protein from Xenopus. Almost the entire polypeptide chain of Pendulin is composed of degenerate tandem repeats of approximately 42 amino acids each. A short NH2-terminal domain contains adjacent consensus sequences for nuclear localization and cdc2 kinase phosphorylation. The subcellular distribution of Pendulin is dependent on the phase of cell cycle. During interphase, Pendulin protein is exclusively found in the cytoplasm of embryonic cells. At the transition between G2 and M-phase, Pendulin rapidly translocates into the nuclei where it is distributed throughout the nucleoplasm and the areas around the chromosomes. In the larval CNS, Pendulin is predominantly expressed in the dividing neuroblasts, where it undergoes the same cell cycle-dependent redistribution as in embryos. Pendulin is encoded by the oho31 locus and is expressed both maternally and zygotically. We describe the phenotypes of recessive lethal mutations in the oho31 gene that result in a massive decrease or loss of zygotic Pendulin expression. Hematopoietic cells of mutant larvae overproliferate and form melanotic tumors, suggesting that Pendulin normally acts as a blood cell tumor suppressor. In contrast, growth and proliferation in imaginal tissues are reduced and irregular, resulting in abnormal development of imaginal discs and the CNS of the larvae. This phenotype shows that Pendulin is required for normal growth regulation. Based on the structure of the protein, we propose that Pendulin may serve as an adaptor molecule to form complexes with other proteins. The sequence similarity with importin indicates that Pendulin may play a role in the nuclear import of karyophilic proteins and some of these may be required for the normal transmission and function of proliferative signals in the cells.
Identifying Developers' Expertise in Social Coding Platforms (2016)

Social coding platforms provide a means for software developers to acquire hands-on development experience. Their source code contributions can be used to showcase their expertise and skills in specific areas of software development to the community and potential employers. Therefore, quantifying developers' expertise based on their overall development activity can be used to provide a clear view of their experience and competencies, that is otherwise scattered across different software projects. In this paper we propose an approach that extracts developers' expertise in different programming languages. Our approach measures developers' commit activity on GitHub by considering both the quantity and the continuity of their contributions in isolated projects through time. We evaluate the generated developers' expertise profiles against recognized answering activity in Stack Overflow via a dataset of users that are active both in GitHub and Stack Overflow.
MEDIATION ANALYSISWITHOUT SEQUENTIAL IGNORABILITY: USING BASELINE COVARIATES INTERACTEDWITH RANDOM ASSIGNMENT AS INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES (2012)

In randomized trials, researchers are often interested in mediation analysis to understand how a treatment works, in particular how much of a treatment’s effect is mediated by an intermediated variable and how much the treatment directly affects the outcome not through the intermediate variable. The standard regression approach to mediation analysis assumes sequential ignorability of the mediator, that is that the mediator is effectively randomly assigned given baseline covariates and the randomized treatment. Since the experiment does not randomize the mediator, sequential ignorability is often not plausible. Ten Have et al. (2007, Biometrics), Dunn and Bentall (2007, Statistics in Medicine) and Albert (2008, Statistics in Medicine) presented methods that use baseline covariates interacted with random assignment as instrumental variables, and do not require sequential ignorability. We make two contributions to this approach. First, in previous work on the instrumental variable approach, it has been assumed that the direct effect of treatment and the effect of the mediator are constant across subjects; we allow for variation in effects across subjects and show what assumptions are needed to obtain consistent estimates for this setting. Second, we develop a method of sensitivity analysis for violations of the key assumption that the direct effect of the treatment and the effect of the mediator do not depend on the baseline covariates.
Low-synchronization, mostly lock-free, elastic scheduling for streaming runtimes (2017)

We present the scalable, elastic operator scheduler in IBM Streams 4.2. Streams is a distributed stream processing system used in production at many companies in a wide range of industries. The programming language for Streams, SPL, presents operators, tuples and streams as the primary abstractions. A fundamental SPL optimization is operator fusion, where multiple operators execute in the same process. Streams 4.2 introduces automatic submission-time fusion to simplify application development and deployment. However, potentially thousands of operators could then execute in the same process, with no user guidance for thread placement. We needed a way to automatically figure out how many threads to use, with arbitrarily sized applications on a wide variety of hardware, and without any input from programmers. Our solution has two components. The first is a scalable operator scheduler that minimizes synchronization, locks and global data, while allowing threads to execute any operator and dynamically come and go. The second is an elastic algorithm to dynamically adjust the number of threads to optimize performance, using the principles of trusted measurements to establish trends. We demonstrate our scheduler's ability to scale to over a hundred threads, and our elasticity algorithm's ability to adapt to different workloads on an Intel Xeon system with 176 logical cores, and an IBM Power8 system with 184 logical cores.
5 THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF REMEDI DRUG PROFILE SYSTEM IN EMERGENCY TOXICOLOGY (1995)

s: Fourth International Congress of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Vienna, Austria September 4–8, 1995: Poster Session I: Clinical Toxicology/Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: PDF Only
Azimuth-track level compensation to reduce blind-pointing errors of the Deep Space Network antennas (2000)

The 34-meter antennas of the NASA Deep Space Network are "wheel and track" antennas. The latter term refers to a set of wheels at the base of the structure, which roll on a circular steel track supported by a concrete foundation ring. The track is assumed flat; however, its level varies due to manufacturing imperfections, structural loads, non-uniformity of the soil, and temperature variations. It is specified that the deviations of the azimuth-track level shall not exceed /spl plusmn/0.5 mm. During tracking, this amplitude of deviations causes deformations of the antenna structure, resulting in pointing errors of /spl plusmn/2 mdeg, which exceed the required accuracy for 32-GHz (Ka-band) tracking. However, structural deformations caused by the azimuth track unevenness are repeatable; therefore, a look-up table can be created to improve the blind-pointing accuracy. This paper presents the process for creation of the look-up table, describes the instrumentation necessary for determining the pointing errors, and describes the processing of inclinometer data. It derives algorithms for the pointing-error estimation, and for the azimuth-axis tilt using the inclinometer data. It compares the error corrections based on the created look-up table and actual measurements of pointing errors using the conical scanning (conscan) technique. This comparison shows a satisfactory convergence that justifies the implementation of the approach in forthcoming NASA missions.
간 / 간세포암과 주위 조직에서의 Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1과 그 수용체의 발현 (2001)

Background/Aims: Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a potent inhibitor of hepatocyte proliferation and its receptor is known to be involved in the carcinogenesis. This study was designed to compare the expression levels of the TGF-β1 and its receptor in neoplastic cells and its surrounding tissue and to assess their role in hepatic carcinogenesis. Methods: We measured the levels of TGF-β1 mRNA and TGF-β1 receptor II mRNA by semiquantitive RT-PCR for the tumor and its surrounding tissue of 30 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We analyzed the relationship between the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA, TGF-β1 receptor II mRNA and clinicopathological characteristics of HCC. Results: The expression of TGF-β1 mRNA showed no difference between HCC and its surrounding tissue, but the expression of TGF-β1 receptor II mRNA was lower in HCC than in its surrounding tissue (2.47±1.08 vs 3.53±1.50, p=0.00). There was no difference in the expression level of TGF-β1 mRNA and TGF-β1 receptor II mRNA according to the clinicopathological characteristics of HCC. However, the ratio of TGF-β1 receptor II mRNA in HCC to that in surrounding tissue was more decreased in HCC with portal vein invasion (0.49±0.22 vs 0.77±0.21, p=0.01). Conclusions: Our data suggest that the loss of TGF-β1 receptor II may play an important role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression of HCC. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2001;37:263-270)
The Need for Interoperability in the Construction Industry (1996)

This paper will highlight the following: The problem with disconnected information in construction industry, the drawing set. Separate interests, perspectives, and information between players in the building industry make data sharing difficult. The building industry loses efficiency because of lack of data sharing. Moving past the relational and graphics model into the next technology. A new paradigm modelled after another industry. The effect of project information over time and between disciplines. The opportunity to leverage interoperable technology to address information sharing and the needs of the global projects. The new technology and its effects on time during the project cycle. The Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and the opportunities for the entire industry to participate in defining common information model for the construction industry and benefit in its definition through Industry Alliance for Interoperability. In addition to increased efficiency, IFC will make possible a new generation of software applications that were previously cost prohibitive or otherwise not possible (e.g. model-driven cost estimating / construction scheduling and automated engineering analysis and simulation). Greater efficiency and use of new applications will bring the opportunity to improve the speed and quality of building design, construction and ongoing maintenance.
Cranktrain system geometry optimisation and dynamic assembly of parametric solid models (2000)

This paper discusses cranktrain system geometry generation and applications of a sequential quadratic programming (SQP)-based geometry optimisation for the rapid powertrain concept design assessment. This paper also presents the development of systematic approaches, geometric transformations and mathematical equations in the calculation of cranktrain component geometry. The procedures, methodologies and knowledge-based design rules for various components are implemented in Powertrain Engineering Tool (PET) developed at Ford Powertrain and Vehicle Research Laboratory. An example of computer simulation results such as rotating connecting rod path generation, connecting rod shank geometry optimisation, packaging, and related engine friction, will also be presented.
A Dual-Band Printed End-Fire Antenna with DSPSL Feeding (2016)

A novel dual-band printed end-fired antenna with double-sided parallel-strip line (DSPSL) feeding is presented. The DSPSL acts in wideband transition using balanced transmission. Two different modes of the parasitic patches allow the antenna to work in different bands. The printed antenna is designed as a quasi-Yagi structure to achieve directivity in the lower band, and the parallel rectangular patches serve as the parasitic director. These patches act as radiation patches with end-fire direction characteristics in the upper band. The measured bandwidths were 18.3% for the lower frequency band (2.28–2.74 GHz) and 12.6% for the upper frequency band (5.46–6.2 GHz).
A new BiCMOS technique for very fast discrete-time signal processing (2002)

A new technique for very fast analogue discrete-time processing is presented. It uses BiCMOS technology and combines the high speed available from bipolar transistors with the storage capability of MOS devices. The technique is based on (nearly) linear building blocks and can equally easily be configured for either current-mode or voltage-mode processing. SPICE simulations on a realistic circuit indicate that a sampling frequency of 2,50 MHz can be achieved in a 0.8 /spl mu/m-BiCMOS process with a maximum NPN transistor f/sub T/ of 10 GHz.
Does Homework Improve Academic Achievement? A Synthesis of Research, 1987–2003 (2006)

In this article, research conducted in the United States since 1987 on the effects of homework is summarized. Studies are grouped into four research designs. The authors found that all studies, regardless of type, had design flaws. However, both within and across design types, there was generally consistent evidence for a positive influence of homework on achievement. Studies that reported simple homework–achievement correlations revealed evidence that a stronger correlation existed (a) in Grades 7–12 than in K–6 and (b) when students rather than parents reported time on homework. No strong evidence was found for an association between the homework–achievement link and the outcome measure (grades as opposed to standardized tests) or the subject matter (reading as opposed to math). On the basis of these results and others, the authors suggest future research.
2,2-Dichlorocyclopropyl acetates as intermediates for the preparation of pyrazoles and pyrimidines (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2,2-Dichlorocyclopropyl acetates as intermediates for the preparation of pyrazoles and pyrimidinesWilliam E. Parham, Joseph F. Dooley, Marcus K. Meilahn, and J. W. GreidanusCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 5, 1474–1477Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01257a066https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01257a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Automatic Optical Inspection for steel golf club (2015)

With the growing popularity of golf sport all over the world, the production in the relevant products is increasing year by year. To be more competitive, automation of production in manufacturing plays an important role. This paper has developed a system to follow the trend of this production automation. It intends to use the AOI (Automated Optical Inspection) technology to develop a system which can automatically detect defects on the clubs made with steel. Due to the strong reflective property of the steel, subtle flaws, as well as its slender and cone shape body, it is very difficult to take good quality image for automatic inspection. In this paper, we proposed a novel illumination approach to make acquisition of good image become possible. Experimental results show that it can achieve 88% of detection rate, which is close to that of visual inspection.