gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A high-performance accelerometer with a fifth-order sigma–delta modulator (2005)

To verify the effectiveness of a higher order electromechanical sigma–delta modulator (ΣΔM), a micromachined accelerometer is fabricated. The in-plane sensor with fully differential structure has a mechanical noise floor below 1 µg Hz<sup>-1/2</sup>, static sensitivity 16 pF g<sup>-1</sup> and resonant frequency 325 Hz. FEM analyses are performed to verify these key parameters. The silicon-on-glass sensor is fabricated by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) and anodic bonding. Compared with a second-order electromechanical ΣΔM, which only uses the sensing element as a loop filter, here it is cascaded with additional electronic integrators to form a fifth-order electromechanical ΣΔM, which leads to better signal to quantization noise ratio (SQNR). This novel approach is analysed and system level simulations are presented. A printed circuit board (PCB) prototype of this high-order ΣΔM loop was built and tested. The experimental data agree well with the simulation results.
An integrated telemedicine platform for the assessment of affective physiological states (2006)

AUBADE is an integrated platform built for the affective assessment of individuals. The system performs evaluation of the emotional state by classifying vectors of features extracted from: facial Electromyogram, Respiration, Electrodermal Activity and Electrocardiogram. The AUBADE system consists of: (a) a multisensorial wearable, (b) a data acquisition and wireless communication module, (c) a feature extraction module, (d) a 3D facial animation module which is used for the projection of the obtained data through a generic 3D face model; whereas the end-user will be able to view the facial expression of the subject in real time, (e) an intelligent emotion recognition module, and (f) the AUBADE databases where the acquired signals along with the subject's animation videos are saved. The system is designed to be applied to human subjects operating under extreme stress conditions, in particular car racing drivers, and also to patients suffering from neurological and psychological disorders. AUBADE's classification accuracy into five predefined emotional classes (high stress, low stress, disappointment, euphoria and neutral face) is 86.0%. The pilot system applications and components are being tested and evaluated on Maserati's car racing drivers.
Mixer Circuits (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Application to Receivers Semiconductor Devices for Mixers Image‐Rejection Mixers Mixing Modulation and Frequency Translation Analog Multiplication Radio‐Frequency Signal and Local Oscillator Frequency Synthesizer Figures of Merit
Co-gasification of Biomass and Non-biomass Feedstocks (2013)

Canada has abundant sources of fossil fuels such as coal and renewable sources such as switchgrass, sawdust and biosolids. Gasification is a process that utilizes fossil fuels and renewable fuels to produce synthesis gas. Adding species such as alkali and alkaline earth salts can catalyze the gasification process. However, the issues with catalytic gasification are the cost and recovery of catalyst. There is also the chance of synergy during the co-gasification of biomass with fossil fuels due to high concentration of catalytic species in biomass. In this thesis, the availability of the gasification catalysts, especially alkali and alkaline earth elements, naturally present on biomass feedstocks during the co-gasification with non-biomass feedstocks was identified. The influence of pyrolysis temperature on the physical and chemical properties of the feedstocks during transformation to char at 1 atm pressure and temperatures of 750 ºC to 950 ºC were investigated. The biomass feedstocks were switchgrass (16.8 wt% potassium in ash), sawdust and biosolids and the non-biomass feedstocks were sub-bituminous coal (30.5 wt% ash) and fluid coke (2.0 wt% ash). The kinetics of CO2 co-gasification of switchgrass (char and ash) with non-biomass feeds was determined using a thermogravimetric analyzer. High interparticle mobility of the potassium in switchgrass to non-biomass feed was observed. The potassium in the switchgrass/coal mixtures deactivated, likely due to formation of potassium aluminosilicate during the co-gasification. Presence of excess potassium in the mixture (K/Al molar ratio > 1) for catalytic activity was required to satisfy the stoichiometric requirements of the deactivation reactions. The extended random pore model satisfactorily described the gasification profile of single and binary mixtures. The activation energy was influenced by the concentration of the catalytically active form of potassium. An increase in potassium concentration through the addition of switchgrass ash instead of char resulted in a decrease in activation energy in switchgrass/ash-free coal mixture, while the trend was reversed for coal, which had more interfering inorganic matter. Analyzing the co-gasification kinetics of the switchgrass and biosolids indicated increasing calcium concentration may allow more potassium to remain in a catalytically active form.
Preparation and catalytic applications of nanomaterials: a review (2015)

The present review systematically summarizes the synthesis and specific catalytic applications of nanomaterials such as MSN, nanoparticles, LD hydroxides, nanobubbles, quantum dots,<italic>etc.</italic>
Trellis‐Coded Modulation (2003)

Abstract Trellis‐coded modulation (TCM) is an important practical means of achieving several decibels in link efficiency on Gaussian channels, without bandwidth expansion, and is now a component of numerous wireline and wireless standards. This article surveys the important principles in the design and analysis of such encoders, provides tabulations of best codes, and illustrates with discussion of two standards employing TCM.
Human papillomavirus positive squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (2001)

Human papillomavirus positivity designates a specific subgroup of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx that arise preferentially among individuals with no consumption of tobacco and alcohol and that have a favorable outcome attributable to an increased sensitivity toward radiotherapy.
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering of benzenethiol in silver sol (1987)

Abstract The surface‐enhanced Raman scattering of benzenethiol was investigated in a silver sol. It was found that benzenethiol was chemisorbed dissociatively on the silver surface by rupture of its SH bond and the benzenethiolate formed on adsorption was bound to silver via its sulphur atom. Using the electromagnetic surface selection rule, the orientation of the benzene ring with respect to the surface plane could not be determined conclusively. However, it seemed likely that benzenethiol was adsorbed face‐on to the silver surface.
Poisson's ratio for anisotropic elastic materials can have no bounds (2005)

Poisson's ratio for isotropic elastic materials is bounded between -1 and 1 / 2 . It is shown that Poisson's ratio for anisotropic elastic materials can have an arbitrarily large positive or negative value under the prerequisite of positive definiteness of strain energy density. The large Poisson's ratio for cubic materials is physically realistic because the strains are bounded.
A Real-time Mediated Reality Platform for Outdoor Navigation on Mobile Devices and Wearable Computers (2010)

Wearable computing systems have been researched and developed for several decades. With the advent of the head-mounted display, augmented and mediated reality systems became an important example of wearable computing. However, due to certain factors such as computational constraints, cost, obtrusiveness, practicality, and social acceptance, mediated reality systems have been leveraged in only very specific application domains and have yet to see mainstream adoption. This dissertation describes the research and development of a real-time mediated reality platform developed for modern mobile devices to provide a more reasonable transition in overcoming the mainstream adoption barrier of mediated reality systems. In particular, an outdoor navigational application that provides contextually-relevant information about a user’s surroundings is developed using the platform as a proof-of-concept for evaluation. In addition, the server infrastructure required to support the application is discussed, as well as the evaluation of a hybrid orientation tracking approach using sensors and computer vision.
Comparison of high-performance liquid chromatography with a radiometric assay for determination of the effect of intra-articular administration of corticosteroid and saline solution on synovial fluid hyaluronate concentration in horses. (1991)

Two recently developed direct methods, radioassay-125I-labeled hyaluronic acid binding protein (125I-HABP)- and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), were used to assess and compare the concentration of hyaluronate (HA) in synovial fluid of horses. Also determined were changes in the HA concentration in an experimental treatment model involving physiologic saline solution (PSS)-irrigated or methylprednisolone acetate-injected tarsocrural joints of clinically normal horses. Serum HA concentration was determined simultaneously, using the 125I-HABP assay. Synovial fluid HA concentration values obtained by use of the HPLC method were approximately double the values obtained by use of 125I-HABP assay. Correlation (r = 0.819) between the 2 methods was highly significant (P less than 0.001; linear regression analysis) for all samples studied and for various experimental subgroups. When pure HA standards were used, correlation between the 2 methods was close to 1 (r = 0.965; P less than 0.001), with higher values obtained by use of the 125I-HABP assay. It is suggested that the HA binding protein derived from endogenous cartilage proteoglycan interferes with the 125I-HABP assay on synovial fluid, resulting in excessively low values, compared with those obtained using the HPLC procedure. Intra-articular injection of methylprednisolone acetate significantly (P less than 0.01) increased synovial fluid HA concentration at 24 hours after injection. Increase was also detected after PSS irrigation, but owing to wide intersubject variation, this increase was not significant. The HPLC procedure, which provides simultaneous information about the concentration and degree of polymerization of HA, is recommended for the study of synovial fluid, whereas the 125I-HABP assay is more suitable for serum HA analysis.
Reconstructive surgery of male urethra using human amnion membranes (grafts)--first announcement. (2004)

Human amnion grafts and described technique seem to be a promising method of managing long, recurring male urethra strictures but need long-term follow-up and analysis of more cases.
Metabolic network analysis and experimental study of lipid production in Rhodosporidium toruloides grown on single and mixed substrates (2015)

This study provides for the first time a simplified metabolic model of R.toruloides and its detailed in silico analysis for growth on different carbon sources for their potential of TAG synthesis. Experimental studies revealed the phenomenon of catabolite repression of glycerol by glucose and the importance of oxygen supply on the yield and composition of lipids. More systematic studies are needed to understand the mechanisms which should help to further optimize the lipid production in this strain of industrial interest.
Electrostatic Spraying of Oil-Based Agricultural Products (1986)

There is burgeoning interest in the use of oil based, high-persistence media for the low volume application of agricultural chemicals. Although electrostatic atomizers appear to offer the most appropriate means for the effective application of these carriers, it has heretofore been necessary to modify the formulations to permit operation with existing devices. This has entailed altering the intrinsically high resistivity of these fluids (0.1 cu) to the 104 to 106 cu range where existing electrostatic atomizers can function. A prototype electrostatic atomizer which is capable of spraying unaltered oil-based fluids is described. This device uses direct charge injection to provide unipolarly charged droplet sprays of a wide range of fluids independent of their physical properties. Atomization is purely electrostatic with no auxiliary means such as spinning disks, air blast, or swirl assist being required for droplet formation. A compact device (1 by 2 by 1 in.) is capable of providing flow rates from 0.1 gal/h upwards with constant output charge density. Operation is at about 10 kV and several microamperes for a total electrical input (exclusive of fluid delivery power) of a few tens of milliwatts. This makes the unit compatible with battery operated hand-held as well as power limited mobile applications. Operating characteristics and droplet size distribution data are presented for a representative test oil. It is shown that droplet size distributions that are considerably more monodisperse than those obtained from conventional atomizers can be readily achieved. This feature, along with the intrinsic “wrap-around” capability of the charged droplets, is a particularly significant attribute for effective application.
A History of Metallography: The Development of Ideas on the Structure of Metals before 1890 (1961)

Cyril Smith's study of the structure of metals and alloys and the properties that result from their processing remains, after more than two decades, a foundational work on the history of metallography. It starts from the intuitive knowledge of metals achieved by such early artists and craftsmen as Biringuccio, Descartes, Raumur, Brant, Osmond, Sorby, Brinell, Tschernoff, Howe, Percy and others, and then describes the evolution of the modern scientific understanding of materials. Throughout, the author emphasizes the interplay of contributions from practical engineering, from experimental and theoretical science, and from the workings of the aesthetic imagination.Cyril Stanley Smith is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at MIT, and author of A Search for Structure: Selected Essays on Science, Art, and History (MIT Press paperback). The original hardcover edition of A History of Metallography won the Pfizer Prize of the History of Science Society.
Evaluating open-source cloud computing solutions (2011)

Cloud computing is becoming a mainstream technology in enterprise environment, promising more efficient use of hardware resources through virtualization, elastic computing facilities and secure management of user applications. Various cloud computing architectures are emerging and several commercial and open source products on the market advertise a rich feature-set. While commercial vendors try to give potential users the (not necessarily unbiased) tools to reason on the comparative advantages of their product, the open source community trusts users to make a well-informed selection on their own. In this paper we take a look at the open source cloud solutions and discuss the criteria that can be used to evaluate the stability, performance and features of open source clouds, and compare some available solutions. The evaluation criteria focus on three main components of a cloud solution — the storage layer, the virtualization layer, and the management layer. In addition, we explain the motivation for application of open source cloud solutions from an enterprise perspective, and discuss the potential benefits of these solutions for private cloud computing environments.
Clustering and gap states in amorphous carbon (1988)

Abstract The sp2 sites present in the various forms of amorphous carbon have been shown to form aromatic clusters whose size determines the width of the local band gap. A fluctuating band-edge model is developed to describe the effects of this clustering on the localization of states around the gap. It is shown how localized states exist at energies well above the optical gap of a-C:H.
Reducing Phosphorus to Curb Lake Eutrophication is a Success (2016)

As human populations increase and land-use intensifies, toxic and unsightly nuisance blooms of algae are becoming larger and more frequent in freshwater lakes. In most cases, the blooms are predominantly blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria), which are favored by low ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus. In the past half century, aquatic scientists have devoted much effort to understanding the causes of such blooms and how they can be prevented or reduced. Here we review the evidence, finding that numerous long-term studies of lake ecosystems in Europe and North America show that controlling algal blooms and other symptoms of eutrophication depends on reducing inputs of a single nutrient: phosphorus. In contrast, small-scale experiments of short duration, where nutrients are added rather than removed, often give spurious and confusing results that bear little relevance to solving the problem of cyanobacteria blooms in lakes.
Stochastic Volatility Option Pricing (1994)

This paper examines alternative methods for pricing options when the underlying security volatility is stochastic. We show that when there is no correlation between innovations in security price and volatility, the characteristic function of the average variance of the price process plays a pivotal role. It may be used to simplify Fourier option pricing techniques and to implement simple power series methods. We compare these methods for the alternative mean-reverting stochastic volatility models introduced by Stein and Stein (1991) and Heston (1993). We also examine the biases in the Black-Scholes model that are eliminated by allowing for stochastic volatility, and we correct some errors in the Stein and Stein (1991) analysis of this issue.
Guia marco para las familias de Q'ente y Wayllabamba Ubicades en el ambito de influencia del Camino Inca en el HSMP (2004)

The development objective of the Vilcanota Valley Rehabilitation and Management Project is to support the Government's efforts to enhance the environmental and socio-economic sustainability of historical, cultural and ecological assets in the Vilcanota Valley including the Historic Sanctuary (HSMP) and the Sacred Valley of the Incas. This resettlement policy framework identifies local populations and its demographic dynamics, including the educational, health, and housing aspects, within the context of the people's cultural identity, social organization, and the institutional framework present in the area. In particular, it focuses on the De Q'ente and Wayllabamba populations, aimed at diversifying and/or rationalizing their economic activities from a technical point of view, seeking both environmental and economic sustainability. Following participatory consultations with the communities, the project will seek the community participation, supported by capacity building and technical and training assistance, in services delivery at the HSMP and other historic sites, as well as entrepreneurial initiatives (Micro-enterprise development). This would replace previous unsustainable economic activities, but complement communal chores, an/or enterprises to preserve historic sites, creating tourism services. Local populations will be reallocated to selected project sites, where sustainable agricultural practices may also be developed. Monitoring activities will ensure the appropriate implementation of this framework, and, grievance mechanisms will be in place should conflict occur.
Fair Pay?: Global Rewards and Rewards for Particular Aspects of Work (2002)

This paper explains the various aspects of rewarding people for their work. It builds on prior research and on the 'distributive justice' tradition.
TRPA1 Channels Are Regulators of Astrocyte Basal Calcium Levels and Long-Term Potentiation via Constitutive D-Serine Release (2013)

Astrocytes are found throughout the brain where they make extensive contacts with neurons and synapses. Astrocytes are known to display intracellular Ca(2+) signals and release signaling molecules such as D-serine into the extracellular space. However, the role(s) of astrocyte Ca(2+) signals in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a form of synaptic plasticity involved in learning and memory, remains unclear. Here, we explored a recently discovered novel TRPA1 channel-mediated transmembrane Ca(2+) flux pathway in astrocytes. Specifically, we determined whether block or genetic deletion of TRPA1 channels affected LTP of Schaffer collateral to CA1 pyramidal neuron synapses. Using pharmacology, TRPA1(-/-) mice, imaging, electrophysiology, and D-serine biosensors, our data indicate that astrocyte TRPA1 channels contribute to basal Ca(2+) levels and are required for constitutive D-serine release into the extracellular space, which contributes to NMDA receptor-dependent LTP. The findings have broad relevance for the study of astrocyte-neuron interactions by demonstrating how TRPA1 channel-mediated fluxes contribute to astrocyte basal Ca(2+) levels and neuronal function via constitutive D-serine release.
Low probability of detection tactical wireless LAN supporting command and control on the move (2002)

The current Post Cold War land combat doctrine is geared toward regional conflicts; is focused on power projection; and emphasizes mobility, sanctuary operations, smaller CPs, and C2OTM. Sustaining the intuitive commander and providing the ability to evaluate alternatives, issue orders, and execute within the enemy's decision cycle and beyond his contact range, requires the ability to digitize the battlefield and to own the spectrum. The authors describe a wireless radio based approach which provides for a robust, survivable, very low probability of detection, wide bandwidth LAN interconnect supporting C2OTM for echelons of Brigade and above. They discuss the design and system performance characteristics of an NDI approach based upon a single ASIC chip, fully digital, wideband, spread spectrum demodulator with typical performance parameters of: direct sequence PN spread at rates to 325 M chips/s; real time programmable variable data rates to 325 Mbps; spread spectrum processing gains up to 60 dB; continuous and burst (TDD/TDMA) operation; multiple waveform compatibility (BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK, Bi-BPSK, MSK, CCSK); combined with BER performance within 0.5 dB of theoretical.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interaction between Carboxylated Nitrile Rubber and Precipitated Silica: Role of (3-Aminopropyl)Triethoxysilane (1996)

Abstract On the basis of measurements of bound rubber and physical properties and the results of Monsanto rheometer, dynamic mechanical and infrared spectroscopic studies, it is observed that strong rubber-filler interaction occurs between XNBR and precipitated silica filler. During molding, XNBR was found to be crosslinked by the filler surface through the formation of primary bonds. The coupling agent, namely (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane facilitates the formation of rubber-filler bonds at the expense of filler-filler networks, leading to improved dispersion and enhanced degree of crosslinking.
Processor-based turbo interleaver for multiple third-generation wireless standards (2003)

A software turbo interleaver running on a SIMD processor is presented for a turbo decoder supporting multiple 3G wireless standards. To hide the timing overhead of interleaver changing, the interleaver generation is split into two parts, preprocessing and incremental on-the-fly generation. Applying the proposed approach, we implemented a W-CDMA and cdma2000 interleaver that generates one interleaved address per cycle and occupies 10% area of the ROM implementation.