gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible generation mix under multi objectives and uncertainties (1993)

Criteria for evaluating flexibility of a generation mix are presented, and an efficient computational algorithm for determining a flexible generation mix considering uncertainties in the power system expansion planning is developed. The flexible generation mix problem is formulated as a multiobjective optimization problem and solved by the dynamic programming technique in which type of generation plant is selected as a stage and generation capacity is selected as a state. The proposed method can treat easily not only the uncertainties but also many constraints of generation planning such as integer solutions of generation capacities, reliability constraints, and so on. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are demonstrated on a typical power system model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Passive and active gravity-compensation of LIGHTarm, an exoskeleton for the upper-limb rehabilitation (2015)

This paper presents LIGHTarm, an exoskeleton for the upper-limb neuro-rehabilitation, characterized by a peculiar kinematic structure, expressly conceived to face shoulder rhythm and elbow singularity issues. The device is developed in two versions. The first prototype of this rehabilitation device is unactuated, achieving gravity compensation through a passively mechanically compensated mechanism obtaining a cost-effective and intrinsically safe solution for semi-autonomous training at home. A limitation of passively gravity-compensated devices is that they lack a dynamically and on-line tunable weight-support. Actuated devices, in respect to non-actuated ones, allow “a step further” in the real-time control of tuning the gravity-compensation feature. Starting from its unactuated version, the actuated version is presented, together with the kinematics and dynamics analyses of the mechanism.
Polymorphism, isomorphism and variability in the inclusion chemistry of a diol host compound (2008)

Lamotrigine is an anticonvulsant drug with low water solubility. In order to enhance it, lamotrigine salts of four different counterions were prepared. Six structures have been solved from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. Four of these salts crystallized in P21/c C450
<title>Advanced flip chip technologies in rf, microwave, and MEMS applications</title> (2000)

A variety of flip chip technologies are available today which differ in bumping material, substrate type, pad metallization and joining method. They are found in packages as well as on multichip modules and directly flip chip bonded on the board. Components including flip chip like bal grid arrays and chip size packages are introduced. Flip chip is the most favored assembly technology for high frequency applications due to the small parasitic of the short bump interconnect. High performance packages for optoelectronic devices using self-alignment during a fluxless reflow soldering are shown as well as the integration of MMICs. High density multichip modules have been fabricated for large pixel defectors of a nuclear detector with eight Chips and more than 46000 I/Os with an acceptable yield. Flip chip technology is a very flexible assembly method for different applications. Variations of the bump structure can be used for MEMS packaging as well and it was demonstrated by the assembly of a thin membrane to form an absolute pressure sensor with a vacuum enclosure. For different packaging requirements the appropriate technology should be chosen very carefully. An overview will be given for different bumping and flip chip joining methods suitable for high volume production as well as for prototyping. Wafer bumping methods will focus on electro less deposition of nickel/gold as well as on electroplating of gold, SnPb and AuSn solders. For rapid prototyping single chip bumping methods are described. Examples of different joining methods - soldering, adhesive bonding and thermocompression bonding - will be shown.
Molecular and Immunohistochemical Diagnosis of <i>Photobacterium damselae</i> Subspecies <i>piscicida</i> During Naturally Occurring Disease in Egypt (2015)

Abstract In the marine aquaculture industry, photobacteriosis caused by the Photobacterium damselae subspecies piscicida , Phdp is a globally significant disease. A number of clinical photobacteriosis outbreaks among yearling cultured and broodstocks of gilthead sea bream were sampled and submitted to our laboratory during the summer and autumn of 2013. The tissues of infected fish were subjected to an ordinary bacteriological identification and were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry techniques. The results indicated that the selective primers that have been designed for detecting the gene encoding the apoptotic‐induced protein, AIP56, represent a powerful tool for sensitive and specific detection of virulent strains of Phdp. AIP56 toxin triggers apoptosis of host macrophages and neutrophils, contributing to the lesions observed during the pathological investigation. Immunohistochemistry allows bacterial identification and antigen expression to be directly correlated to the disease; the immune‐positive bacteria were detected in gills, liver, kidneys, spleen, and brain tissues in acute photobacteriosis. These also appeared in the necrotic areas of the granulomas of chronically infected fish. Molecular and immunohistochemical methods were useful as research and diagnostic tools in different stages of the disease; moreover, they appear to have enormous potential in retrospective epidemiological investigations.
Ecology of Arboviruses in Sri Lanka: A Summary of Studies from 1984-1990 (2009)

Studies on arboviruses carried out between 1984 -1990 at the University of Peradeniya are summarized here. The isolation of Nairobi sheep disease virus, Getah, Batai and Arkonam and serological evidence of the circulation of California encephalitis serogroup and Chandipura viruses have been reported for the first time in Sri Lanka. The ecology of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in areas with epidemic disease and sylvatic infection has been compared. A synchronous pattern of seroconversion in pigs and seroprevalence in cattle are more predictive of epidemic JE risk than overall porcine seroprevalence which is a good indicator of the presence of sylvatic JE rather than of human epidemic risk. Relatively modest changes in vector abundance associated with rainfall or agricultural practices have dramatic changes on the emergence of epidemic JE. Chandipura virus which is known to cause major outbreaks of encephalitis in India is endemic in Sri Lanka as are viruses belonging to the California encephalitis serogroup. Both these viruses are potential causes of human encephalitis and should be sought in patients with undiagnosed encephalitis. Nairobi sheep disease virus is endemic in animals (especially goats) and infects humans working closely with such livestock. Arboviruses remain an under-recognised cause of human and animal disease and an inter-sectoral multidisciplinary approach is needed to confront such emerging infectious disease threat. Keywords: Japanese encephalitis, California serogroup, Alphavirus, mosquito, Chandipura virus doi: 10.4038/cjsbs.v37i1.492 Cey. J. Sci. (Bio. Sci.) 37 (1): 7-14, 2008
Process variables of instant granulator and spheroniser: I. Physical properties of granules, extrudate and pellets (1993)

The influence of process variables of a continuously working instant Nica granulator, and those of a spheroniser on the stability of moisture content during the process, the surface morphology, friability, packing and flow properties of pellets was evaluated. A complete six-factor, two-level study design was used. The moisture content of granules and extrudate corresponded well to the amount of water used as a granulation liquid. Hence, until the spheronisation stage, the stability of moisture content was maintained. During spheronisation, the moisture content decreased due to the effect of residence time and friction plate speed. The surface morphology of pellets was dependent on the amount of water used; with a higher water amount the surface was smoother. The process variables of the spheroniser explained most significantly the changes in packing properties of pellets: the bulk and tapped density increased with increasing load, time and speed in the spheroniser.
From Schrödinger’s equation to the quantum search algorithm (2001)

The quantum search algorithm is a technique for searching N possibilities in only O(N) steps. Although the algorithm itself is widely known, not so well known is the series of steps that first led to it; these are quite different from any of the generally known forms of the algorithm. This paper describes these steps, which start by discretizing Schrödinger’s equation. This paper also provides a self-contained introduction to quantum computing algorithms from a new perspective.
A skin test for pseudorabies virus infection in swine. (1977)

Heat-inactivated pseudorabies virus caused cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitive reactions when injected intradermally on the dorsolateral aspect of the thorax and tips of the ears of pigs previously exposed to the homologous virus. The reaction induced by subcutaneous injection in the lower eyelid was more easily administered and evaluated. Nonexposed control pigs did not react to the antigen and exposed and control pigs did not react when injected with a cell control antigen prepared in a similar manner. A positive response was detectable as early as seven days after exposure, reached near maximal levels by 28 days, and remained at similar levels for at least 90 days.
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ agonists inhibit adipocyte expression of α1‐acid glycoprotein (2006)

alpha1-Acid glycoprotein (alpha1-AGP) is an acute phase protein that can potentiate cytokine secretion by mononuclear cells and may induce thrombosis by stabilizing the inhibitory activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Thus, alpha1-AGP may promote pathobiologies associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) including insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Here, we demonstrate that antidiabetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists inhibited expression of 3T3-L1 adipocyte alpha1-AGP in a concentration- and time-dependent manner via an apparent PPARgamma-mediated mechanism. As a result, synthesis and secretion of the glycoprotein was reduced. While PPARgamma agonist regulation of genes with functional peroxisome proliferator response elements in their promoter such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were unaffected when cellular protein synthesis was inhibited, downregulation of alpha1-AGP mRNA was ablated thereby supporting the proposition that PPARgamma activation inhibits alpha1-AGP expression indirectly. These results suggest a potential novel adipocytic mechanism by which PPARgamma agonists may ameliorate T2DM-associated insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease.
Synthetic polymers and their potential as genetic materials (2012)

DNA and RNA are the only known natural genetic materials. Systematic modification of each of their chemical building blocks (nucleobase, sugar, and phosphate) has enabled the study of the key properties that make those nucleic acids genetic materials. All three moieties contribute to replication and, significantly, all three moieties can be replaced by synthetic analogs without loss of function. Synthetic nucleic acid polymers capable of storing and propagating information not only expand the central dogma, but also highlight that DNA and RNA are not unique chemical solutions for genetic information storage. By considering replication as a question of information transfer, we propose that any polymer that can be replicated could serve as a genetic material.
Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP Inhibition of Epidermal Cell Division (1972)

Dibutyryl adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), but not sodium butyrate or adenosine 5′-monophosphate (5′-AMP) produced a dose-dependent epidermal mitotic inhibition. Previously we showed that isoproterenol inhibits epidermal mitosis, stimulates adenyl cyclase activity in broken epidermal cells, and stimulates cyclic AMP formation in intact epidermis. This data and results from the present study strongly suggest that cyclic AMP is one and possibly a major mediator of epidermal mitotic control. Our findings together with recent evidence that cyclic AMP inhibits cell growth rate while promoting differentiation in cultured cells suggests the following: (1) the rate of epidermal proliferation may be inversely proportional to the intraepidermal cyclic AMP level; (2) the 12-fold accelerated proliferation rate and glycogen accumulation of psoriatic epidermis might be due to low intraepidermal cyclic AMP concentrations.
Ear Lobe Crease and Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing Coronary Arteriography (1989)

An association between the ear lobe crease and coronary heart disease has been documented. A prospective study of 125 consecutive patients undergoing coronary arteriography was carried out to evaluate the ear lobe crease with the presence and extent of coronary artery disease. An ear lobe crease was observed in 65 patients, but this trait was not related to age, sex, smoking history, previous myocardial infarction, history of hypertension, family history of heart disease, body mass index or angiographically defined coronary artery disease. We conclude the ear lobe crease is not related to coronary heart disease.
In-line characterization and identification of micro-droplets on-chip (2013)

Abstract We present an integrated optofluidic sensor system for in-line characterization of micro-droplets. The device provides information about the droplet generation frequency, the droplet volume, and the content of the droplet. Due to its simplicity this principle can easily be implemented with other microfluidic components on one and the same device. The sensor is based on total internal reflection phenomena. Droplets are pushed through a microfluidic channel which is hit by slightly diverging monochromatic light. At the solid-liquid interface parts of the rays experience total internal reflection while another part is transmitted. The ratio of reflected to transmitted light depends on the refractive index of the solution. Both signals are recorded simultaneously and provide a very stable output signal for the droplet characterization. With the proposed system passing droplets were counted up to 320 droplets per second and droplets with different volumes could be discriminated. In a final experiment droplets with different amounts of dissolved CaCl
T cell tumours of disparate phenotype in mice transgenic for Rbtn-2. (1994)

RBTN2 is a LIM domain protein which can be activated by the translocation t(11;14)(p13;q11) in childhood T cell acute leukaemia. Transgenic mice were examined in which rbtn2 protein is expressed in the T cell lineage. An average of 72% of these mice developed T cell tumours before 18 months of age, compared with 9% in transgenic mice expressing the related gene Rbtn-1. Rbtn2-induced tumours first appeared at 5 months of age and were clonal. They displayed a range of phenotypes, the most notable being CD3/CD45R double-positive cells. Tumours expressing either T cell receptor alpha/beta or gamma/delta heterodimers were found. Thus rbtn2 can promote tumours within a range of T cell types and maturities. The latency period before tumour development indicates that secondary events must occur before the onset of overt malignancy.
A Stochastic Differential Game with Controllable Statistical Parameters (1967)

A differential game is described where the opponents are a missile and a radar. The problem is formulated so that linear theory can be used in finding the optimal strategies of both opponents. The missile uses a mixed strategy by adding white noise into its controller. The statistics of this noise (the covariance completely describes the noise) can be controlled. In finding the optimal strategy for the covariance of the controller noise, the solution by means of the calculus of variations involves a singular arc.
Back to the Schrödinger equation on a lattice (2015)

Abstract This chapter goes back to the discrete lattice in order to transform the basis to momentum eigenstates. In addition, the chapter takes the continuum limit of space and we recover known relations and the delta function.
Electrical Properties of Ti1+yS2 at Temperatures 77 to 300 K (1990)

The chemical composition, defect structure, and electrical properties of titanium disulfide are investigated. On the basis of chemical analysis, X-ray, and density measurements it is shown that titanium disulfide is a non-stoichiometric compound with metal excess. Electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power are measured at temperatures ranging from 77 to 300 K using samples of different deviations from stoichiometry. It is stated that Ti1+yS2 has metallic properties at the temperatures studied, the effective mass of carriers changing with the deviation from stoichiometry. Die chemische Zusammensetzung, die Defektstruktur und die elektrischen Eigenschaften von Titandisulfid werden untersucht. Anhand der chemischen Analyse, Röntgen- und Dichtemessungen wird gezeigt, daß Titansulfid eine nichtstöchiometrische Verbindung mit Metallüberschuß ist. Elektrische Leitfähigkeit und Thermospannung werden bei Temperaturen zwischen 77 und 300 K an Proben mit unterschiedlichen Abweichungen von der Stöchiometrie gemessen. Es wird festgestellt, daß Ti1+yS2 metallische Eigenschaften bei den untersuchten Temperaturen hat und sich die effektive Masse der Träger mit Stöchiometrieabweichung ändert.
Age-related perturbations of plasma lipid fatty acid content and pattern in ω3-depleted rats examined before and shortly after the intravenous injection of two distinct lipid emulsions (2007)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Chronoamperometry and Cyclic Voltammetry at Conical Electrodes, Microelectrodes, and Electrode Arrays:  Theory (2008)

The finite difference method is used to simulate chronoamperometry, linear sweep voltammetry, and cyclic voltammetry at conical electrodes and microelectrodes. Techniques for the numerical simulation of these processes at microdiscs are adapted and extended to accurately model diffusion to the electroactive cone surface. Simulated results are analyzed, and trends are rationalized in terms of the cone apex angle, alpha. The diffusion domain approximation is used to extend the theory to regular and random arrays of conical electrodes.
A pair of pyrene groups as a conformational probe for designed two α-helix polypeptides (1995)

Peptides with two α-helix segments anchored on 2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid and suberic acid have been designed and synthesized. L-1-Pyrenylalanine (Pya) was introduced near the centre of each α-helical segment as a CD and fluorescent probe to detect the arrangement of the two α-helix segments. The amphiphilic α-helical 14-peptide was designed with an amino acid sequence in which the hydrophobic amino acids, Leu and Pya, are deployed in the same manner as hydrophobic amino acids in coiled-coil proteins. The synthesis was carried out by a solid-phase synthesis on Kaiser's oxime resin and solution coupling with anchors. The probing behaviour of a pair of Pya residues was examined by CD and fluorescent measurements under various conditions, e.g. in aqueous and methanolic solutions, in the presence of guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) and under increasing temperature. The peptides showed a highly α-helical CD pattern in the far-UV region in aqueous solution. Furthermore, they showed strong split CD peaks with positive and negative maxima at longer and shorter wavelengths, respectively, at the pyrene absorption region (1La and 1Bb). These split CD signals decreased with the disruptions of the two α-helix structure by the addition of methanol, GuHCl and also with increasing temperature. On the other hand, the excimer emission of pyrene in fluorescence was very weak in aqueous solution, but it was transiently increased while the helix-helix interaction was relaxed to some extent with the addition of methanol. These facts indicate that the two pyrene groups are forced to be in close proximity and to be in a right-handed sense between the two α-helix structures in aqueous solution; whereas, the arrangement of the pyrene groups is loosened by the destruction of the 3D structure. Thus, the pyrene probe has been demonstrated to provide significant information about the arrangement of the two α-helix segments by the simple measurements of CD and fluorescence spectra.
The Gridfit algorithm: an efficient and effective approach to visualizing large amounts of spatial data (1998)

In a large number of applications, data is collected and referenced by their spatial locations. Visualizing large amounts of spatially referenced data on a limited-size screen display often results in poor visualizations due to the high degree of overplotting of neighboring datapoints. We introduce a new approach to visualizing large amounts of spatially referenced data. The basic idea is to intelligently use the unoccupied pixels of the display instead of overplotting data points. After formally describing the problem, we present two solutions which are based on: placing overlapping data points on the nearest unoccupied pixel; and shifting data points along a screen-filling curve (e.g., Hilbert-curve). We then develop a more sophisticated approach called Gridfit, which is based on a hierarchical partitioning of the data space. We evaluate all three approaches with respect to their efficiency and effectiveness and show the superiority of the Gridfit approach. For measuring the effectiveness, we not only present the resulting visualizations but also introduce mathematical effectiveness criteria measuring properties of the generated visualizations with respect to the original data such as distance- and position-preservation.
Three-dimensional multiple nanometric local probes microscopy (2005)

We present a microscope set-up designed to produce three-dimensional images of the internal structures of various samples with high spatial resolution (a few tens of nanometers in axial and transverse directions). This level of resolution is reached by the use of nanometric sub-wavelength spherical gold beads as multiple local probes, dispersed in the hollow structures. The exploration, by Brownian motion, of the internal structures allows their three-dimensional reconstruction.