gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The disposal to face-based representation of design/manufacturing feature integration (2003)

A problem of CAD/CAM integration with feature modelling is the transformation of multiple view feature information in an integration system. The treatment problem of integration with the design and machining feature is discussed in the paper. The machining feature is classified according to the removal ways of the form feature during machining. The relation between the form feature and design feature is analyzed based on machining and the rule of feature mapping is purposed. The Winged-edge database structure is used to describe the geometry/topology of the part; the feature faces are marked by the feature name during design; the face adjacency graph based on the convex and concave feature is utilized to describe machining features. Trees record the relations among features. The feature tree oriented design records the adjoint relation between the design features; the root nodes in the feature tree. Oriented machining record the form of the part, the other leaf nodes record the removal features of the part. The design feature is transformed into the machining feature by a transformation/recognition mechanism.
Angiographic Classification of Hepatic Hemangiomas in Infants (2002)

Hepatic hemangioma in infants is a heterogeneous lesion with variable angioarchitecture and a spectrum of angiographic findings.
The Processing Windows for Selective Copper Chemical Vapor Deposition from Cu(hexafluoroacetylacetonate)trimethylvinylsilane (1995)

To identify the processing tolerance for the selective Cu chemical vapor deposition (Cu CVD) the processing windows were constructed with respect to deposition pressure and substrate temperature over thermally grown vs. various conducting substrates of W, , , , and Al. It is found that the width of selective deposition window decreases as the deposition pressure is increased, and no selective Cu deposition can be obtained as the deposition pressure exceeds 120 mTorr. The lowest temperatures for Cu CVD on various substrates including thermally grown, BPSG, TEOS, and PECVD were determined so that processing windows for selective Cu deposition on variously patterned wafers can be constructed. The selective Cu deposition was also conducted on patterned substrates with submicrometer feature sizes using the PECVD as the interlayer dielectric. The nucleation of Cu on the surface obviously acts as the major limitation for achieving selective Cu CVD. We postulate that the Cu containing adspecies, Cu(hfac), on the insulating surface may combine by surface diffusion, and these assembled adspecies then disproportionate by exchanging electrons with each other rather than transferring electrons through the substrate.
Accelerating products under due-date oriented dispatching rules in semiconductor manufacturing (2004)

In semiconductor manufacturing facilities, there is often the need to speed up certain product types. This is usually done by either assigning higher priorities or by reducing due dates. We study the effects of accelerating one product type by a tighter due date on the on-time delivery performance of the other products manufactured. It turns out that the results depend on the considered factory, its load, and the accelerated product. As a consequence, it will be hard for production planners to find simple rules of thumb for the effects of accelerating products. In general, detailed simulation experiments will be required.
Stem Cell Therapy in Heart Diseases – Cell Types, Mechanisms and Improvement Strategies (2018)

A large number of clinical trials have shown stem cell therapy to be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Since the first transplantation into human patients, several stem cell types have been applied in this field, including bone marrow derived stem cells, cardiac progenitors as well as embryonic stem cells and their derivatives. However, results obtained from clinical studies are inconsistent and stem cell-based improvement of heart performance and cardiac remodeling was found to be quite limited. In order to optimize stem cell efficiency, it is crucial to elucidate the underlying mechanisms mediating the beneficial effects of stem cell transplantation. Based on these mechanisms, researchers have developed different improvement strategies to boost the potency of stem cell repair and to generate the "next generation" of stem cell therapeutics. Moreover, since cardiovascular diseases are complex disorders including several disease patterns and pathologic mechanisms it may be difficult to provide a uniform therapeutic intervention for all subgroups of patients. Therefore, future strategies should aim at more personalized SC therapies in which individual disease parameters influence the selection of optimal cell type, dosage and delivery approach.
Surface Proton Donors for the D-Pathway of Cytochrome<i>c</i>Oxidase in the Absence of Subunit III (2006)

The major proton-transfer pathway into the buried active site of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) is the D-pathway that begins with the subunit I residue Asp-132 on the inner protein surface (the cytoplasmic surface of the aa3-type CcO of Rhodobacter sphaeroides). Asp-132 is surrounded by residues from both subunits I and III. In the absence of subunit III, CcO retains activity, but the functional characteristics of the D-pathway are significantly altered such that the transfer of protons from Asp-132 into the pathway becomes the rate-limiting step. Determination of the pH-dependence of the rate constant for D-pathway proton uptake during the single-turnover of CcO indicates that the pKa of Asp-132 in the absence of subunit III is approximately 7. The removal of subunit III also allows for alternative surface proton donor/acceptors other than Asp-132. With Asp-132 altered to alanine, the rate constant for D-pathway proton uptake is very slow (5 s(-1)) in the presence of subunit III. Once subunit III is removed, the proton uptake rate constant increases 80-fold, to 400 s(-1). The pKa associated with this uptake is >10, and the initial proton donor/acceptor in D132A III (-) is proposed to be a water of the D-pathway rather than an amino acid residue. Arachidonic acid (Aa), which stimulates the activity of several D-pathway mutant CcOs, appears to become the initial proton donor/acceptor in the absence of subunit III, whether or not Asp-132 is altered. Aa shifts the pKa of the initial proton donor to 7.6 for both wild-type (WT) III (-) and D132A III (-). The results indicate that subunit III creates a barrier that helps prevent protons from donors other than Asp-132 from directly accessing the internal waters of the D-pathway, while the subunit also provides an environment that increases the rate at which Asp-132 transfers protons into the D-pathway.
On a covariance-lattice algorithm for linear prediction (2005)

The paper presents a new formulation of the so-called "covariance-lattice" algorithm for linear predictive analysis. The new method makes no explicit use of the predictor coefficients but works directly on the reflection coefficients, so being better suited to fixed-point arithmetic implementation. An example of application to speech data illustrates the above point.
Taxonomic rearrangement of the genus Ulkenia sensu lato based on morphology, chemotaxonomical characteristics, and 18S rRNA gene phylogeny (Thraustochytriaceae, Labyrinthulomycetes): emendation for Ulkenia and erection of Botryochytrium, Parietichytrium, and Sicyoidochytrium gen. nov (2007)

The genus Ulkenia is characterized by the naked protoplast stage within its life cycle. However, the 18S rRNA gene tree clearly shows that this genus is not a natural taxon, because our own isolates and reported strains separately form four well-supported monophyletic groups. These four groups are clearly distinguishable by their profiles of polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenoid pigments and cell and colony morphology, e.g., persistence of sporangial wall, manner of the cell cleavage at the zoospore formation, and development of the ectoplasmic nets. Therefore, the four groups are assigned to four genera including three new genera, i.e., Ulkenia sensu stricto, Botryochytrium, Parietichytrium, and Sicyoidochytrium gen. nov.
On Relevance of Codon Usage to Expression of Synthetic and Natural Genes in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2010)

A recent investigation concluded that codon bias did not affect expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) variants in Escherichia coli, while stability of an mRNA secondary structure near the 5' end played a dominant role. We demonstrate that combining the two variables using regression trees or support vector regression yields a biologically plausible model with better support in the GFP data set and in other experimental data: codon usage is relevant for protein levels if the 5' mRNA structures are not strong. Natural E. coli genes had weaker 5' mRNA structures than the examined set of GFP variants and did not exhibit a correlation between the folding free energy of 5' mRNA structures and protein expression.
A randomised, placebo-controlled study of the CXCR2 antagonist AZD5069 in bronchiectasis (2015)

This randomised double-blind placebo-controlled parallel-group multicentre phase IIa study evaluated the effect of the CXCR2 antagonist AZD5069 on sputum neutrophil counts in adults with bronchiectasis.Patients were randomised 1:1 to receive AZD5069 80 mg or placebo orally twice daily for 28 days. Assessments included blood cell counts, inflammatory markers in blood, morning spontaneous sputum, lung function, safety and tolerability and patients completed daily BronkoTest diary cards. The primary outcome measure was the change in absolute sputum neutrophil count.Of 52 randomised patients, 45 completed treatment, 20 (76.9%) out of 26 receiving AZD5069 and 25 (96.2%) out of 26 receiving placebo. AZD5069 reduced the absolute neutrophil cell count in morning sputum by 69% versus placebo (p=0.004); percentage sputum neutrophil count was reduced by 36% (p=0.008). The number of infections/exacerbations was similar with AZD5069 and placebo (nine versus eight), but these led to more study discontinuations with AZD5069 (four versus zero). Sputum interleukin (IL)-6 and growth-regulated oncogene (GRO)-α and serum GRO-α, IL-1ß and IL-8 levels increased with AZD5069 versus placebo (all p<0.001), while serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels did not change. AZD5069 was well tolerated.AZD5069 markedly reduced absolute sputum neutrophil counts in bronchiectasis patients, although this was not associated with improvements in clinical outcomes in this exploratory study.
Rise of Augmented Reality: Current and Future Application Areas (2013)

The massive technological advancements around the world have created significant challenging competition among companies where each of the companies tries to attract the customers using different techniques. One of the recent tech- niques is Augmented Reality (AR). The AR is a new technology which is capable of presenting possibilities that are difficult for other technologies to offer and meet. Nowadays, numerous augmented reality applications have been used in the industry of different kinds and disseminated all over the world. AR will really alter the way individuals view the world. The AR is yet in its initial phases of research and development at different colleges and high-tech institutes. Throughout the last years, AR apps became transportable and generally available on various devices. Besides, AR be- gins to occupy its place in our audio-visual media and to be used in various fields in our life in tangible and exciting ways such as news, sports and is used in many domains in our life such as electronic commerce, promotion, design, and business. In addition, AR is used to facilitate the learning whereas it enables students to access location-specific infor- mation provided through various sources. Such growth and spread of AR applications pushes organizations to compete one another, every one of them exerts its best to gain the customers. This paper provides a comprehensive study of AR including its history, architecture, applications, current challenges and future trends.
Radionuclide Imaging of Musculoskeletal Infection: A Review (2016)

There are numerous imaging tests for diagnosing musculoskeletal infection. Radiographs are routinely performed, because even when not diagnostic, they provide an anatomic overview of the region of interest that could influence subsequent procedure selection and interpretation. MRI is sensitive and provides superb anatomic detail. Bone scintigraphy accurately diagnoses osteomyelitis in bones not affected by underlying conditions. (67)Ga is used primarily for spondylodiskitis. Although in vitro labeled leukocyte imaging is the radionuclide test of choice for complicating osteomyelitis such as diabetic pedal osteomyelitis and prosthetic joint infection, it is not useful for spondylodiskitis. Antigranulocyte antibodies and antibody fragments have limitations and are not widely available. (111)In-biotin is useful for spondylodiskitis. Radiolabeled synthetic fragments of the antimicrobial peptide ubiquicidin are promising infection-specific agents. (18)F-FDG is the radiopharmaceutical of choice for spondylodiskitis. Its role in diabetic pedal osteomyelitis and prosthetic joint infection is not established. Preliminary data suggest (68)Ga may be useful in musculoskeletal infection. (124)I-fialuridine initially showed promise as an infection-specific radiopharmaceutical, but subsequent investigations were disappointing. The development of PET/CT and SPECT/CT imaging systems, which combine anatomic and functional imaging, has revolutionized diagnostic imaging. These hybrid systems are redefining the diagnostic workup of patients with suspected or known infection and inflammation by improving diagnostic accuracy and influencing patient management.
482. Gibberellic acid. Part XVIII. Some rearrangements of ring A (1961)

B. E. Cross, J. F. Grove and A. Morrison, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 2498 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610002498
Towards a tracer-based conceptualization of meltwater dynamics and streamflow response in a glacierized catchment (2017)

Abstract. Multiple water sources and the physiographic heterogeneity of glacierized catchments hamper a complete conceptualization of runoff response to meltwater dynamics. In this study, we used environmental tracers (stable isotopes of water and electrical conductivity) to obtain new insight into the hydrology of glacierized catchments, using the Saldur River catchment, Italian Alps, as a pilot site. We analysed the controls on the spatial and temporal patterns of the tracer signature in the main stream, its selected tributaries, shallow groundwater, snowmelt and glacier melt over a 3-year period. We found that stream water electrical conductivity and isotopic composition showed consistent patterns in snowmelt-dominated periods, whereas the streamflow contribution of glacier melt altered the correlations between the two tracers. By applying two- and three-component mixing models, we quantified the seasonally variable proportion of groundwater, snowmelt and glacier melt at different locations along the stream. We provided four model scenarios based on different tracer signatures of the end-members; the highest contributions of snowmelt to streamflow occurred in late spring–early summer and ranged between 70 and 79 %, according to different scenarios, whereas the largest inputs by glacier melt were observed in mid-summer, and ranged between 57 and 69 %. In addition to the identification of the main sources of uncertainty, we demonstrated how a careful sampling design is critical in order to avoid underestimation of the meltwater component in streamflow. The results of this study supported the development of a conceptual model of streamflow response to meltwater dynamics in the Saldur catchment, which is likely valid for other glacierized catchments worldwide.
Recording hERG Potassium Currents and Assessing the Effects of Compounds Using the Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Technique (2008)

The complex gating of the hERG channel makes it ideally suited to its principal role in controlling phase 3 repolarization of the cardiac ventricular action potential. Any abnormal delay in repolarization can lead to the re-activation of Ca(2)+ channels, giving rise to early after-depolarizations, and coupled with increased cardiac dispersion, typically associated with these delays, provides respectively both the trigger and substrate for the potentially life threatening arrhythmia Torsardes de Pointes (TdP). Owing to the fundamental role of hERG in controlling the duration of the cardiac action potential, it is not surprising that any drugs that potently and selectively block this channel are liable to have these effects. Consequently, much effort has been expended in developing standard voltage protocols to reliably assess the effects of compounds on hERG currents in vitro. This chapter describes how to record hERG currents in a recombinant cell line using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. It also provides typical voltage protocols used for assessing the basic electrophysiological properties of these currents and for assessing the effects of compounds on hERG tail currents.
Utilization of channel emulation to accurately characterize the effects of multi-channel RF interactions on MIMO-based systems (2009)

The foundation of the next generation of 4G wireless broadband technologies, including WiMAX, LTE and UMB, is multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. Channel emulation can be used to accurately characterize the effect of RF interactions on the conformance, performance and interoperability of MIMO-based 4G technologies, providing a broad and cost-effective solution to predict performance in a real-world environment and test whether MIMO algorithms are working properly.
The Role of Polycomb Group and Trithorax Group Chromatin Complexes in the Maintenance of Determined Cell States (1996)

In a developing organism, determined states of cells must be maintained over many cell generations. In Drosophila the genes of the Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) are part of a cellular memory system that maintains the differential expression patterns of genes encoding developmental regulators involved in defining the determined states of cells. The PcG is responsible for maintaining the inactive expression states of regulatory genes such as the homeotic selector genes. Evidence increasingly suggests that the PcG proteins act by an epigenetic mechanism to keep genes inactive in a stable and heritable manner. The PcG genes share some similarities with another class of Drosophila genes, modifiers of position-effect variegation (PEV), some of which encode structural components of heterochromatin (see Henikoff, this volume). These similarities suggest that the permanent silencing of developmental regulatory genes might involve heterochromatin-like repressive complexes. The products of the trxG genes are required for long-term maintenance of the active transcriptional states of developmental regulatory genes. They appear to counter the formation of repressive PcG-chromatin structures to render the genes accessible to transcription factors. Accumulating evidence suggests that an intricate interplay between the PcG and trxG proteins determines the distinct higher-order chromatin structures responsible for long-term maintenance of stable transcriptional states of developmental regulatory genes. PcG PROTEINS HERITABLY SILENCE GENE EXPRESSION Mutations in any of the PcG genes (see Table 1) cause embryonic lethality and exhibit homeotic transformations that result from widespread ectopic expression of homeotic selector genes outside their normal realms of action. However, this...
Conditional transformation of mouse liver epithelial cells. An in vitro model for analysis of genetic events in hepatocarcinogenesis. (1995)

Primary rodent and human hepatocytes have a very limited lifespan in culture and are not readily applicable to transformation studies in vitro. To facilitate the investigation of early genetic events involved in hepatocarcinogenesis, we examined a transformation assay system utilizing conditionally immortalized mouse liver epithelial cells as an alternative to primary hepatocytes. By infecting primary mouse hepatocytes with a recombinant retrovirus carrying a temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 large T antigen gene, two mouse liver epithelial cell lines, CHST8 and CHST10-2.1, were established. Because of the heat-labile nature of the large T antigen, the cell lines proliferated rapidly at 33 degrees C, but were growth-arrested at 39 degrees C. Because activated c-H-ras and c-myc oncogenes are frequently found to be involved in mouse hepatocarcinogenesis in vivo, we assessed whether those oncogenes can complement the immortalizing function of the large T antigen at the nonpermissive temperature. When CHST8 cells were doubly transfected with activated c-H-ras and c-myc at 33 degrees C, they exhibited clonal growth ability even after shifting the temperature to 39 degrees C. However, neither c-H-ras nor c-myc alone allowed growth at 39 degrees C. On the other hand, c-H-ras alone was sufficient for overcoming the growth defect of CHST10-2.1 cells at 39 degrees C, whereas c-myc alone was again ineffective. Northern blot studies revealed that endogenous c-myc expression was significantly downregulated in the parental CHST8 cells after a temperature shift from 33 to 39 degrees C. In contrast, in the parental CHST10-2.1 cells, appreciable c-myc expression was observed at both temperatures. These results indicate that c-H-ras and c-myc can cooperate in complementing the ability of the temperature-sensitive large T antigen to immortalize mouse liver cells at the nonpermissive temperature. In addition, the mutant c-H-ras, but not c-myc, cooperated with the functional T antigen at 33 degrees C to allow growth in soft agarose of the CHST8 and CHST10-2.1 cell lines. However, cell lines carrying mutant c-H-ras and overexpressing c-myc were unable to grow in soft agarose at 39 degrees C. Thus, the two cellular oncogenes were insufficient for full transformation of the liver epithelial cells. The present in vitro model should be useful for investigating molecular events involved in both early and late stages of hepatocarcinogenesis.
EFFECTS OF HIGH-DOSE OF INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN AND ANTIBIOTICS ON SURVIVAL FOR SEVERE SEPSIS UNDERGOING SURGERY (2005)

The objective of this study was to assess the impact on outcome of adjuvant therapy (high-dose of immunoglobulin [Ig] M-enriched intravenous Ig, IVIG) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients who underwent surgery by abdominal sepsis. This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study set in the medical/surgical ICUs of seven teaching hospitals. Patients with severe sepsis and septic shock of intra-abdominal origin admitted to the ICU within 24 h after the onset of symptoms were included in the study. Polyvalent IgM-enriched Ig (Pentaglobin; IVIG group) at a dosage of 7 mL/kg/day for 5 days or an equal amount of 5% human albumin (control group) was randomized. Fifty-six patients were enrolled. The overall mortality rate was 37.5.%. Twenty patients had shock and 36 had severe sepsis (the mortality rate was 55.0% and 25.0%, respectively). In the intent-to-treat analysis, the mortality rate was reduced from 48.1% in patients treated with antibiotic (ATB) plus albumin to 27.5% (P = 0.06) for patients with ATB plus IVIG. The organ failure score (1.0 +/- 0.6 vs. 1.2 +/- 0.9), organ dysfunction score (1.7 +/- 1.1 vs. 1.8 +/- 1.0), and reoperation rate (17.2% vs. 29.6%) were not different between IVIG and control groups, respectively. Eight patients (14.3%) received inappropriate ATB initial therapy (IAT), and seven died (87.5%). IAT was the only variable independently associated with death (odds ratio, 19.4) in a logistic regression model. We conclude that IVIG administration, when used in combination with adequate antibiotics, improved the survival of surgical ICU patients with intra-abdominal sepsis. The initial choice of antibiotic has a dramatic impact on outcome.