gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observation of high electron emission yields following highly charged ion impact (up to<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Th</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mn>5</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>) on surfaces (1992)

Double differential electron emission yields following the impact of fast (3.95\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{7}$cm/sec)${\mathrm{Ar}}^{9,12,18+}$, ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{9+}$, ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{30,44+}$, and ${\mathrm{Th}}^{70,75+}$ ions on Cu and Au targets have been measured. The electron emission is dominated by low-energy electrons (50 eV). It is found that the total yield, which rises to about 100 electrons per ion, is a nonlinear function of the total potential energy of the incident ion (up to about 200 keV).
Taylor patterns for discrete arrays (1984)

The equivalent of a Taylor pattern for continuous apertures is developed for discrete arrays. This array factor can be realized exactly, since it belongs to the appropriate class of patterns. A method for determining the element excitations is also presented. As an example, the pattern and excitations are calculated for a 41-element array with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\bar{n} = 6</tex> and a 25 dB design sidelobe level. Comparison is made with the patterns obtained by applying root matching and sampling of a continuous Taylor aperture.
Characterization of activated carbon produced from almond shell and hazelnut shell (1994)

Abstract Ammonium chloride‐impregnated and untreated almond shell and hazelnut shell samples were carbonized in a flow of nitrogen at relatively low temperatures. Pore structure characterization and sorption capacities of activated carbons prepared from shells of almond and hazelnut indicated that treatment with NH 4 Cl increased the total surface area and improved sorption characteristics. Chemical activation carried out at 350°C gave products with surface area values above 500 m 2 g −1 . On the other hand, the surface area values observed for the products obtained from untreated raw materials were about half of this value. The surface area of products obtained from NH 4 Cl‐impregnated samples reached values of over 700 m 2 g −1 when the carbonization temperature was increased 700°C.
Efficiency of Chlorine Dioxide as a Bactericide (1965)

We found chlorine dioxide to be a more effective disinfectant than chlorine in sewage effluent at pH 8.5. Chlorine dioxide was also found to be a more stable bactericide in relation to pH in the range studied.
Thermomechanical Properties of Fan-Out Wafer Level Package with Various Chip and Mold Thickness (2018)

The 3D package technology has been developed higher performance, higher functionality, smaller and thinner devices for mobile, wearable and IoTs in recent years. Among advanced packaging technologies, advantages of fan-out wafer level package (FOWLP) are its higher I/O density, higher electrical performance, ultra-thin and low power consumption. However, the FOWLP has some mechanical issues about the warpage caused by different coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE) between the various packaging material constituents. We investigated the warpage behavior of FOWLP component with various chip and EMC thickness. The FOWLP component was fabricated by the mold-first process. The 8 × 8 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> Si chips (chip thickness: 50, 75 and 100 μm) were taken placed on the carrier wafer. After that, compression mold (EMC mold thickness: 300 and 460 μm) was used to fabricate the molded wafer. Redistribution layer (RDL) was fabricated on the molded chip by photolithography. The warpage behavior of the FOWLP component was analyzed from room temperature to 260 °C using shadow moiré method. The environmental reliability of FOWLP component were evaluated by temperature-humidity bias test and thermal shock test. The warpage property depended on ratio of Si chip to EMC thickness. The warpage of FOWLP component with 300 μm EMC mold and 100 μm chip thickness whose ratio of Si chip to EMC thickness is 0.33 is about 100 μm. However, the warpage of other FOWLP component, ratio of Si chip to mold thickness is less than 0.25, is more than 200 μm. Electrical resistance of FOWLP component were 1.9~2.6 mΩ and 1.6~2.2 mΩ after temperature-humidity bias test and thermal shock test, respectively. The electrical resistance of FOWLP component at all sample increased by more than 1.2 times after temperature-humidity bias test and thermal shock test. Warpage was affected by the ratio of chip to EMC thickness.
Electronic polaron effects in mixed valence and heavy fermion materials (1992)

It is shown that the Coulomb interaction between f electrons and broad band electrons has a profound influence on the dynamical properties of an f hole in mixed valence and heavy fermion materials. At zero temperature the dynamics of the screening process contains an infrared divergence. The broadening of this divergence by temperature causes the motion of the f electrons to crossover from wave propagation to diffusion. This mechanism explains the observed dual nature of the f electrons, namely that at low temperatures they behave like a Fermi liquid, while at high temperatures they evolve into a lattice of localized magnetic moments.
Numerical Recipes: FORTRAN (1990)

We tested human sera from large, demographically balanced cohorts of BNT162b2 vaccine recipients (n=51) and COVID-19 patients (n=44) for neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.351. Although the effect is more pronounced in the vaccine cohort, both B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 show significantly reduced levels of neutralization by vaccinated and convalescent sera. Age is negatively correlated with neutralization in vaccinee, and levels of variant-specific RBD antibodies are proportional to neutralizing activities.
Linear tunable COMFET transconductor (1993)

A linear tunable transconductor is designed with the use of linear COMposite n-channel MOSFETs (COMFETs) and CMOS COMposite FETs as basic cells. With crosscoupling, a differential linear relation is achieved with a THD at 1 kHz of 0.776% for a differential voltage of ±4V. The design of the transconductor demonstrates that COMFET devices can be successfully used as standard cells in modulator analogue VLSI circuits. The transconductor performance at subthreshold is also discussed.
Antibody-nucleic acid complexes. Oligo(dG)n and -(dT)n specificities associated with anti-DNA antibodies from autoimmune MRL mice (1989)

The specificity of anti-DNA antibodies in the sera of unimmunized autoimmune MRL mice was initially assessed via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibody binding profiles to a panel of immobilized antigens (AMP-, GMP-, CMP-, UMP-, and TMP-BSA, ss- and dsDNA) demonstrated high levels of immunoglobulins reacting with GMP and ssDNA and intermediate levels with AMP, TMP, and dsDNA. Fractionation of serum anti-DNA antibodies into subsets on the basis of their binding to GMP- and TMP-agarose indicated that the resulting GMP- or TMP-reactive antibodies bound to their homologous nucleotides and ssDNA. Competition-inhibition studies with soluble mono-, oligo-, and polynucleotides revealed that GMP- and TMP-reactive antibodies were highly specific for oligo(dG)n and -(dT)n sequences, respectively. Whereas the relative affinity of TMP-reactive autoantibodies to oligo(dT)n increased with oligonucleotide length (n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15), GMP-reactive antibodies preferentially recognized oligo(dG)10 (Ka congruent to 1 x 10(7) M-1). While neither antibody recognized oligo(dA)8 and -(dC)8 competitors, mixed-base oligonucleotides were inhibitory at concentrations approximately 10-fold greater than similarly sized oligo(dG)n and -(dT)n sequences. Similar characterizations of both pooled and individual MRL sera indicated that anti-DNA antibodies represent 8-10% of the total serum IgG. More importantly, GMP-reactive autoantibodies predominated and accounted for 60-70% of the entire unbound anti-DNA antibody population.
Wave propagation in anisotropic thin-film optical waveguides (1973)

Propagation of guided waves in layered crystalline media is investigated. Two-dimensional guided-mode dispersion curves are computed and classified for a three-layer uniaxial configuration with arbitrary optic-axis orientation in each layer. It is found that the dispersion curves can be either circular or elliptical and can also be discontinuous. Other interesting aspects of wave behavior include wave tilt of the evanescent fields and independent TE and TM mode-existence criteria.
Robust SINS/GNSS Integration Method for High Dynamic Applications (2015)

As high dynamic movement is always accompanied by colored noise which lacks of mathematical model, traditional Kalman filtering based on an assumption of white Gaussian noise always faces serious divergence. To enhance the performance in high dynamic environment with uncertain colored noise, a kind of robust filtering based on H-infinity technology is developed . State model of the algorithm is derived from SINS error propagation . Both p osition and velocity error s are used as the measurements. A simulation system which includes a tri-axial turntable and a GNSS signal simulator is used to verify the integration design under high dynamic environment . S imulation results proved that both the accuracy and robustness of the integration design ha ve been improved significantly. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v13i2.6876
Modular testprocessor for VLSI chips and high-density PC boards (1988)

A method for the test of VLSI chips and high-density PC boards is proposed. A built-in, microprogrammable test controller, called a testprocessor, applied tests to all separately testable blocks within either a VLSI chip or PC board, hence increasing controllability and observability. Facilities for test-pattern storage and test-result evaluation as well as means for test-pattern generation and response compaction are provided; consequently, most tasks commonly associated with an external test equipment can be covered by the testprocessor. In contrast to most concepts of built-in test known to date, the testprocessor support tests of all kinds (structural, functional, pseudorandom), applied serially or in parallel; furthermore, adaptation to standardized test interfaces can easily be achieved. The concept is intended to simplify wafer test, production test, and testing burn-in, and it supports field maintenance and system self-test.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A two-step approach to predictive modeling of individual-based environmental health risks (2019)

The emerging predictive health analytics provides great promise in reducing costs and improving health outcomes. However, most predictive models do not capture environmental exposures that impact health risk patterns in several chronic diseases such as asthma. This gap prompted the development of the exposome paradigm to improve health intervention by providing meaningful and understandable feedback on collected data. In this paper, we investigate a number of commonly used classification models applied in predicting health risks of asthma, given patients and environmental exposure datasets. We discuss the limitations of these existing models and propose a two-step approach of logistic and quantile regression, which provides a meaningful and comprehensive feedback for patients. The proposed approach uses a novel exposome assessment paradigm that utilizes the spatio-temporal properties of the data in the model training process and hence results in improving the accuracy of prediction. The quality of the proposed approach is extensively evaluated using real patients and environmental datasets.
Dissecting racial bias in an algorithm used to manage the health of populations (2019)

Racial bias in health algorithms The U.S. health care system uses commercial algorithms to guide health decisions. Obermeyer et al. find evidence of racial bias in one widely used algorithm, such that Black patients assigned the same level of risk by the algorithm are sicker than White patients (see the Perspective by Benjamin). The authors estimated that this racial bias reduces the number of Black patients identified for extra care by more than half. Bias occurs because the algorithm uses health costs as a proxy for health needs. Less money is spent on Black patients who have the same level of need, and the algorithm thus falsely concludes that Black patients are healthier than equally sick White patients. Reformulating the algorithm so that it no longer uses costs as a proxy for needs eliminates the racial bias in predicting who needs extra care. Science , this issue p. 447 ; see also p. 421
Conjunctival sac bacterial flora isolated prior to cataract surgery (2012)

The high bacterial isolation rate in patients >60 years old and the high methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci isolation rate in patients with diabetes are important to consider for prevention of perioperative infections.
Metrics for the Internet Age: Quality of Experience and Quality of Business (2001)

The primary topic of this report is ‘metrics.’ More specifically, we discuss quantitative metrics for evaluating Internet services: what should we quantify, monitor and analyze in order to characterize, evaluate and manage services offered over the Internet? We argue that the focus must be on quality-of-experience and, what we call, quality-of-business metrics. These QoE and QoBiz metrics quantify the user experience and the business return, respectively, and are increasingly important and tractable in the Internet age. We introduce a QoBiz evaluation framework, responding to the emergence of three types of services that impact quantitative evaluation: business to consumer services, business to business services, and service utility through service providers. The resulting framework opens avenues for systematic modeling and analysis methodology for evaluating Internet services, not unlike the advances made over the past two decades in the area of performability evaluation.
MCSE Networking Essentials: Training Guide (1998)

From the Publisher:
Completely revised, MCSE Training Guide: Networking Essentials, Second Edition, offers several new elements to help you learn better, including a second color and additional review questions, helping you maximize your study time. Organized around the exam objectives, this Training Guide make it easy for you to focus on areas where you need to improve. It also helps you identify what the key topics on the exam will be. This book offers concise, clearly delineated coverage of the key concepts necessary to pass the MCSE Networking Essentials exam. The exclusive Top Score test engine and unique software simulator provide you with a testing situation similar to what you will find on the actual exam.
Research on embedding and extracting methods for digital watermarks applied to QR code images (2007)

Abstract Digital watermarking is a new technology capable of embedding information into digital multimedia. The objective in this paper is to develop a scientific algorithm which can be used in a QR code image to improve its ability to deal with pirates. Therefore, the research has great theoretical significance and practical value. In order to employ digital watermarking in QR code images, by considering the features of QR code we propose two kinds of discrete wavelet transform based algorithms which can be used in QR code images. The first algorithm is to embed a random sequence in the QR code, whose correlation coefficient is detected. The second algorithm is to embed an image which is detected. Lastly, some suggestions for the further developments of this technology are offered based on the analyses and discussions.
Bread poisoning (1957)

Bread poisoning Get access P. W. F. Brown P. W. F. Brown Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume CCII, Issue jan, 1 January 1957, Pages 6–7, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/CCII.jan.6a Published: 01 January 1957
Sugary drinks consumption in young people (2013)

Over the last few decades, overweight and obesity in young people has increased rapidly worldwide. The consumption of sugary drinks has also increased over this period, and there has been considerable research into the contribution of sugary drinks to weight gain and its associated health problems. The World Health Organisation has recognised the link between sugary drink consumption and obesity; and the updated Dietary Guidelines for Australians (NHMRC, 2013) has listed the reduction in the consumption of sugary drinks as an important step to improve Australians eating patterns and risk of disease.
Mesoporous and nanowire Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>as negative electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries (2007)

The conversion reactions associated with mesoporous and nanowire Co(3)O(4) when used as negative electrodes in rechargeable lithium batteries have been investigated. Initially, Li is intercalated into Co(3)O(4) up to x approximately 1.5 Li in Li(x)Co(3)O(4). Thereafter, both materials form a nanocomposite of Co particles imbedded in Li(2)O, which on subsequent charge forms CoO. The capacities on cycling increase on initial cycles to values exceeding the theoretical value for Co(3)O(4) + 8 Li(+) + 8e(-) --> 4 Li(2)O + 3 Co, 890 mAhg(-1), and this is interpreted as due to charge storage in a polymer layer that forms on the high surface area of nanowire and mesoporous Co(3)O(4). After 15 cycles, the capacity decreases drastically for the nanowires due to formation of grains that are separated one from another by a thick polymer layer, leading to electrical isolation. In contrast, the mesoporous Co(3)O(4) losses its mesoporosity and forms a morphology similar to bulk Co(3)O(4) (Co particles imbedded in Li(2)O matrix) with which it exhibits a similar capacity on cycling. In contrast to mesoporous lithium intercalation compounds, which show superior capacity at high rates compared to bulk materials, mesoporosity does not seem to improve the capacity of conversion reactions on extended cycling. If, however, mesoporosity could be retained during the conversion reaction, then higher capacities could be obtained in such systems.
Searching Social Media Streams on the Web (2010)

FeedMil, a dedicated stream search engine, can help users retrieve dynamic real-time streams, focusing on quality and topic relevance rather than simple query matching.
Approximate Stream Analytics in Apache Flink and Apache Spark Streaming (2017)

Approximate computing aims for efficient execution of workflows where an approximate output is sufficient instead of the exact output. The idea behind approximate computing is to compute over a representative sample instead of the entire input dataset. Thus, approximate computing - based on the chosen sample size - can make a systematic trade-off between the output accuracy and computation efficiency. Unfortunately, the state-of-the-art systems for approximate computing primarily target batch analytics, where the input data remains unchanged during the course of sampling. Thus, they are not well-suited for stream analytics. This motivated the design of StreamApprox - a stream analytics system for approximate computing. To realize this idea, we designed an online stratified reservoir sampling algorithm to produce approximate output with rigorous error bounds. Importantly, our proposed algorithm is generic and can be applied to two prominent types of stream processing systems: (1) batched stream processing such as Apache Spark Streaming, and (2) pipelined stream processing such as Apache Flink. We evaluated StreamApprox using a set of microbenchmarks and real-world case studies. Our results show that Spark- and Flink-based StreamApprox systems achieve a speedup of $1.15\times$-$3\times$ compared to the respective native Spark Streaming and Flink executions, with varying sampling fraction of $80\%$ to $10\%$. Furthermore, we have also implemented an improved baseline in addition to the native execution baseline - a Spark-based approximate computing system leveraging the existing sampling modules in Apache Spark. Compared to the improved baseline, our results show that StreamApprox achieves a speedup $1.1\times$-$2.4\times$ while maintaining the same accuracy level.
Regulation of the Secretory Phenotype of Human Airway Epithelium by Retinoic Acid, Triiodothyronine, and Extracellular Matrix (1997)

The purpose of our studies was to identify factors which regulate the composition of airway secretions produced by normal human tracheobronchial epithelial (NHTBE) cells. Individual factors were removed from the culture media of NHTBE cells grown in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures (which support mucociliary differentiation) and the effects on mucin, lysozyme (LZ), and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) secretion and gene expression were examined. Deletion of hydrocortisone, epinephrine, transferrin, or gentamycin-amphotericin from the media had no reproducible effects; deletion of insulin was incompatible with culture growth. We identified 3 factors, namely retinoic acid (RA), triiodothyronine (T3) and collagen gel substratum, which had a major impact on the profile of NHTBE secretions. Removal of RA from the media caused a drastic decrease in mucin secretion and a decrease in expression of the mucin genes MUC2 and MUC5AC.LZ and SLPI secretions were increased in these cultures. Paradoxically LZ mRNA was decreased, while SLPI mRNA levels were increased. Removal of T3 selectively increased mucin secretion, MUC2 gene expression was not affected, but MUC5AC mRNA levels reproducibly increased, suggesting that the expression of these two mucin genes is differentially regulated. LZ and SLPI secretion levels were not significantly affected by deletion of T3 from the culture media; however, LZ mRNA levels were increased in the absence of T3 while SLPI transcript levels were not affected. Omission of the attachment substratum, type I collagen gel, resulted in significant increases in all 3 secretory products. MUC2 and MUC5AC steady state mRNA levels were not consistently affected. In contrast LZ and SLPI gene expression were reproducibly increased. Our studies show that individual factors in the epithelial environment can regulate expression of specific secretory cell gene products in a highly selective manner.
4 kb/s multi-pulse based CELP speech coding using excitation switching (1999)

This paper proposes an MP-CELP (multi-pulse based CELP) speech coding at 4 kb/s. In MP-CELP, amplitudes or signs of multi-pulse excitation are simultaneously vector quantized (VQ). In order to improve speech quality for background noise conditions, the excitation signal is switched between voiced and unvoiced speech, and the number of pulse is greatly increased for unvoiced speech by restricting pulse locations. Further, in order to improve voiced speech quality, the optimal combination among adaptive codebook lag, pulse location, sign codevector and gain codevector is selected which minimizes distortion by employing delayed-decision search. The subjective evaluation results show that speech quality for 4 kb/s MP-CELP is close to that for ITU-T G.723.1 (6.3 kb/s) and G.729 (8 kb/s) in M-TRS clean speech condition. For background noise conditions, the introduction for the excitation switching and the pulse location restriction significantly improves the mean opinion score (MOS) value by 0.4. However, further improvement is still required, except for interference talker condition.