gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on the Shape of Staggered Electrodes for 3-D Electrical Capacitance Tomography Sensors (2020)

A conventional electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) sensor consists of multiple rectangular electrodes in a single plane. To generate 3-D images, some researchers use an ECT sensor with multiplane rectangular electrodes and in-line arrangement of different electrode planes and measure the capacitance between the electrode pairs not only within the same plane but also between different planes. Because those electrode pairs in different planes are far away from each other, the measured capacitance signals between them are weak and, hence, are easily affected by noise, resulting in the obvious disturbance on the measured signals and, hence, low image quality. To address those problems, the 3-D ECT sensors with different arrangements and different shapes of electrodes are studied to investigate the effect of different arrangements and different shapes of electrodes on the measured capacitance signals and the image quality. Four 3-D ECT sensors are made with different arrangements or shapes of electrodes: rectangular electrodes are in line arrangement, whereas diamond, circular, and hexagon electrodes are staggered arrangement. The performance of the four 3-D ECT sensors is compared. The results show that 3-D ECT sensors with staggered electrodes can decrease the disturbance on the measured signals and improve the image quality of static models compared with that with conventional rectangular electrodes. Among the three 3-D ECT sensors with staggered electrodes, the 3-D ECT sensor with hexagonal electrodes has superior performance to the other two 3-D ECT sensors with diamond and circular electrodes. It was used to measure moving objects and a fluidized bed.
The principle and technique of using Chinese drugs in the treatment of hypertension. (2001)

Differential use of Chinese and western drugs, and combination of traditional theory of materia medica with the results of modern pharmacological research can be regarded as a general principle in the treatment of a disease, while combination of lowering blood pressure with preventing and treating complications is a specific method in the treatment of hypertension. As to the use of drugs based on differentiation of diseases and/or symptoms, drugs which have the action of relieving symptoms but also reducing blood pressure should be used as the first choice. For those drugs which have the action of relieving symptoms but can not lower blood pressure should not be used or should be used as less as possible. Drugs with action of raising blood pressure are contraindicated. When patients have the symptoms of hyperactivity of yang resulting from yin deficiency, Huang Bo ([symbol: see text] Cortex Phellodendri) and Zhi Mu ([symbol: see text] Rhizoma Anemarrhenae) are used together to enhance the effects of both nourishing yin to reduce pathogenic fire, and reducing blood pressure. This practice conforms to the TCM theory and also to the modern pharmacological research.
COMMON PARALLEL THERMOCOUPLES FOR AVERAGE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT (1960)

Abstract : The report describes the use of common parallel thermocouple circuits for temperature control in thermal simulation. Iron-constantan thermocouples were welded directly to the basic metal being heated. Structural tests at elevated temperatures show that thermocouples connected into parallel electrical circuits and grounded to a common metal sheet give the same temperature measurements as separated thermocouples connected into a parallel circuit. This method is applicable to any test situation requiring average temperatures.
Mechanical Properties of the Myotomal Musculo-Skeletal System of Rainbow Trout, <i>Salmo Gairdneri</i> (1985)

Net forces and velocities resulting from in situ contractions of the myotomal musculature on one side of the body were measured at the hypural bones. Forces, velocities and power were determined with the body bent into a range of postures typical of those observed during fast-start swimming. For trout averaging 0.178 m in length and 0.0605 kg in body mass, the muscle system exerts a maximum normal force of 2.2N at the base of the caudal fin. This force is equivalent to 11.8 kN m-2 based on the mean cross-sectional area of the myotomal muscle. The maximum velocity was 1.11 m s-1, and the maximum mechanical power output, 0.64 W, or 42.4 W kg-1 muscle. Based on estimates of swimming resistance, these results would suggest acceleration rates of 7.5 to 16.5 m s-2, similar to averages observed during fast-starts. Maximum sprint speeds would range from 6.5 to 17.8 body lengths s-1, spanning the range of maximum speeds reported in the literature. It is suggested that maximum speed is limited by interactions between muscle contraction frequency and endurance. Losses in the mechanical linkages between muscle fibres and propulsive surfaces were estimated at about 50% for power with possibly greater losses in force transmission. Maximum force and power did not vary over the range of postures tested, supporting Alexander's (1969) suggestions that white muscle should contract over a small portion of the resting length of the fibres.
Repair of Radiation-Induced Heat-Labile Sites is Independent of DNA-PKcs, XRCC1 and PARP (2008)

Ionizing radiation induces a variety of different DNA lesions; in addition to the most critical DNA damage, the DSB, numerous base alterations, SSBs and other modifications of the DNA double-helix are formed. When several non-DSB lesions are clustered within a short distance along DNA, or close to a DSB, they may interfere with the repair of DSBs and affect the measurement of DSB induction and repair. We have shown previously that a substantial fraction of DSBs measured by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) are in fact due to heat-labile sites within clustered lesions, thus reflecting an artifact of preparation of genomic DNA at elevated temperature. To further characterize the influence of heat-labile sites on DSB induction and repair, cells of four human cell lines (GM5758, GM7166, M059K, U-1810) with apparently normal DSB rejoining were tested for biphasic rejoining after gamma irradiation. When heat-released DSBs were excluded from the measurements, the fraction of fast rejoining decreased to less than 50% of the total. However, the half-times of the fast (t(1/2) = 7-8 min) and slow (t(1/2) = 2.5 h) DSB rejoining were not changed significantly. At t = 0, the heat-released DSBs accounted for almost 40% of the DSBs, corresponding to 10 extra DSBs per cell per Gy in the initial DSB yield. These heat-released DSBs were repaired within 60-90 min in all cells tested, including M059K cells treated with wortmannin and DNA-PKcs-defective M059J cells. Furthermore, cells lacking XRCC1 or poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) rejoined both total DSBs and heat-released DSBs similarly to normal cells. In summary, the presence of heat-labile sites has a substantial impact on DSB induction and DSB rejoining rates measured by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and heat-labile sites repair is independent of DNA-PKcs, XRCC1 and PARP.
Synthesis of polycarbonate polymer electrolytes for lithium ion batteries and study of additives to raise the ionic conductivity (2015)

Polymer electrolyte films based on poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) mixed with LiTFSI salt in different compositions were synthesized and investigated as electrolytes for lithium ion batteries, where the ionic conductivity is the most interesting material property. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and DSC were used to measure the ionic conductivity and thermal properties, respectively. Additionally, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy were used to examine ion coordination in the material. Additives of nanosized TiO2 and powders of superionically conducting Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 were investigated as enhancers of ionic conductivity, but no positive effect could be shown. The most conductive composition was found at a [Li+]:[carbonate] ratio of 1, corresponding to a salt concentration of 74 percent by weight, which showed an ionic conductivity of 2.0 × 10–6 S cm–1 at 25 °C and 2.2 × 10–5 S cm–1 at 60 °C, whereas for even larger salt concentrations, the mechanical durability of the polymeric material was dramatically reduced, preventing use as a solid electrolyte material. Macroscopic salt crystallization was also observed for these concentrations. Ion coordination to carbonyls on the polymer chain was examined for high salt content compositions with FTIR spectroscopy, where it was found to be relatively similar between the samples, possibly indicating saturation. Moveover, with FTIR, the ion-pairing was found to increase with salt concentration. The ionic conductivity was found to be markedly lower after 7 weeks of aging of the materials with highest salt concentrations.
A novel label-free fluorescence aptamer-based sensor method for cocaine detection based on isothermal circular strand-displacement amplification and graphene oxide absorption (2013)

A label-free fluorescence aptamer-based sensor method for cocaine detection has been constructed based on polymerase aided isothermal circular strand-displacement amplification (ICSDA) and graphene oxide (GO) absorption. In this assay, a hairpin probe (HP), which consists of the aptamer sequence of cocaine, is partially complementary to the primer. When cocaine was bound with the HP, the primer could anneal with the single-stranded sequence of the opened HP and then trigger polymerase elongation, generating a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and displacing the cocaine. In the absence of cocaine, the HP remained intact and ICSDA would not occur. Through combining the unique properties of SYBR Green I (SG) and the preferential binding of GO to single-stranded DNA over dsDNA, a significant fluorescence enhancement was achieved. Whereas, the SG-stained HP without polymerase elongation was absorbed and quenched by GO. The proposed method is simple, convenient, and has high sensitivity and selectivity. This method displayed a good linear correlation within the cocaine concentration range from 0.2 μM to 100 μM, and the detection limit was down to 190 nM. In addition, this aptamer-based sensor method was also successfully applied for cocaine quantification in human urine samples.
A comparison between experimentally observed and simulated behaviors of XPD in frequency-reuse LOS links (2002)

A simulation model of multipath propagation is used to characterize the relationship between the cross-polarization discrimination and the co-polar attenuation in frequency-reuse line-of-sight links. The behavior of several links are then simulated, and the results are compared with measurements, to test the prediction capability of the model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Neurobehavioral Dysfunction in Firemen Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs): Possible Improvement after Detoxification (1989)

Fourteen firemen exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their byproducts generated in a transformer fire and explosion had neurophysiological and neuropsychological tests 6 mo after the fire. They were re-studied 6 wk later after undergoing 2-3 wk of an experimental detoxification program consisting of medically supervised diet, exercise, and sauna. A case-control comparison with firemen matched from the same department, but who did not participate in controlling the transformer fire, had shown significant impairment of memory for stories, visual images, and digits backwards. Cognitive function was impaired for block design, identifying embedded figures, and design association and recognition using Culture Fair. Making of trails and choice reaction time, which measured cognitive function and perceptual motor speed, were also impaired. These signs of protracted neurobehavioral impairment were attributed to PCBs and heat-produced byproducts. No relationship, however, was found between the firemen's serum or fat levels of PCBs as Arochlor 1248 and their type or degree of neurobehavioral impairment. Retesting following the detoxification program showed significantly improved scores on: three memory tests, block design, trails B, and embedded figures. Thus, there was significant reversibility of impairment after the detoxification interval. However self-appraisal scores for depression, anger, and fatigue--which were initially elevated--and for vigor--which was reduced--did not change across this interval.
Clinical research progress of treatment over Tourette syndrome with acup-mox therapy (2012)

The purpose of this work is to review the literature of applying acupuncture in treating of Tourette syndrome over the past 10 years. Using acupuncture for the treatment of Tourette syndromes had made great progresses with good efficacy and little side-effect. But there were still some problems in the clinical practice, such as lacking of the comparative research between different acupuncture treatments, lacking of the big amount of samples, etc. Acupuncture shows significant effect in treating Tourette syndrome, which has broad prospects for development.
Aortic Depressor Nerve Myelinated Fibers in Acute and Chronic Experimental Diabetes (2006)

These findings provide morphologic support for an impaired baroreflex during acute and chronic experimental diabetes.
Non-Ca2+-homeostatic functions of the extracellular Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaR) in endocrine tissues (2000)

The extracellular Ca(2+)-sensing receptor (CaR) links changes in the concentration of extracellular Ca(2+) to changes in cell function. For cells involved in the control of systemic Ca(2+) concentration, this provides an efficient receptor-mediated mechanism to rapidly counteract slight fluctuations in the circulating concentration of Ca(2+). However, all cells that express the CaR are not necessarily involved in Ca(2+) homeostasis. The recent localisation of CaR expression on a variety of cell types more usually associated with non-Ca(2+)-homeostatic endocrine function may have serious repercussions for the interpretation of data in those systems which routinely culture cells under standard hypercalcaemic conditions. This short commentary considers the literature surrounding the identification of the CaR and the potential effects of its localisation on endocrine cells not directly involved in the control of systemic Ca(2+ )homeostasis.
Comparison of an inhomogeneous orthotropic and isotropic material models used for FE analyses (2008)

Finite element (FE) analysis has been widely used to study the behaviour of bone or implants in many clinical applications. One of the main factors in analyses is the realistic behaviour of the bone model, because the behaviour of the bone is strongly dependent on a realistic bone material property assignment. The objective of this study was to compare isotropic and orthotropic inhomogeneous material models used for FE analyses of the "global" proximal femur and "small" specimens of the bone (cancellous and cortical). Our hypothesis was that realistic material property assignment (orthotropy) is very important for the FE analyses of small bone specimens, whereas in global FE analyses of the proximal femur, this assignment can be omitted, if the inhomogeneous material model was used. The three-dimensional geometry of the "global" proximal femur was reconstructed using CT scans of a cadaveric femur. This model was implemented into an FE simulation tool and various bone material properties, dependant on bone density, were assigned to each element in the models. The "small" specimens of cortical and cancellous bone were created in the same way as the model of the proximal femur. The results obtained from FE analyses support our above described hypothesis.
CdS Multipod-Based Structures through a Thermal Evaporation Process (2005)

CdS multipod-based structures, such as flowerlike microstructures, tetrapod-like microrods, and long branched nanowires, were selectively prepared by atmospheric pressure thermal evaporation of CdS nanoparticles without the use of a catalyst. The morphologies could be well controlled by simply adjusting the deposition position. The phase structures, morphologies, and optical properties of the products were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. A vapor−liquid mechanism was proposed for the formation of CdS multipod-based structures. The present synthetic route is expected to be applied to the synthesis of other II−VI groups or other group's semiconducting materials with controllable morphologies.
Antifungal peptide produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa BRF-1 isolated from soybean rhizosphere. (2010)

A bacterial strain BRF-1 that produced antifungal peptide was isolated from soybean rhizosphere and identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa by combination approaches of morphological and physiological tests, Biolog identification and 16S rDNA sequencing.Its cell free metabolite can inhabit many plant pathogenic fungi growth and its activity was stable to proteinase K digestion, autoclave and lower pH treatments. The antifungal substance was separated by (NH4)2SO4 and purified by Sephadex G-50, and acquired short peptide with molecular weight about 35.4 kDa, which has antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani.

	 

	Key words: Paenibacillus polymyxa, Biolog identification, 16S rDNA, antifungal activity, peptide.
Relationship between Dilatation of the Rat Uterine Cervix and a Small Dermatan Sulfate Proteoglycan1 (1990)

Cervical linear circumference (lo), extensibility and rate of creep, and the content and concentration of collagen and proteoglycans were determined on uterine cervices of rats at different reproductive stages. The inner circumference increased from 9 +/- 3 (SD) mm at the nongravid stage to a maximum of 41 +/- 5 mm at term; a significant drop to 23 +/- 2 mm occurred by 4 h postpartum with a further drop to 18 +/- 4 mm by 1 day postpartum. The extensibility and rate of creep reached their maxima 1 day before term and returned to the nongravid value by 1 day postpartum. The small (Mr = 95,000) type II dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, the major cervical proteoglycan, increased from 43 +/- 6 micrograms per cervix at the nongravid stage to 196 +/- 33 micrograms at term. The amount of this proteoglycan decreased significantly by 35% to 126 +/- 5 micrograms within 4 h postpartum and declined further to 79 +/- 16 micrograms by 1 day postpartum. The total cervical collagen content increased less than 2-fold during pregnancy, from 3.5 +/- 0.5 to 6.3 +/- 0.7 mg; a decline to 5.8 mg by 1 day postpartum was not significant. The ratio of small proteoglycan: collagen increased 2.5-fold between the nongravid state and term, then returned to the nongravid value by 1 day postpartum. Significant correlations were found between the lo and the amount of small proteoglycan per cervix (r = 0.86; n = 69) and between lo and the ratio of small proteoglycan:collagen (r = 0.83; n = 50) when data from every reproductive stage were combined. A mechanism is proposed whereby the interaction of the proteoglycan with collagen fibers might alter mechanical properties and contribute to cervical dilatation and its rapid reversal.
ADC neural modeling (1996)

The paper deals with a neural network-based approach for A/D converter (ADC) modeling. This approach is initially developed with reference to an ADC mathematical model, allowing the neural modeling to be properly setup. Subsequently, a neural model of a real ADC is identified and validated, highlighting the performance of the proposed approach in terms of ease of model building and result accuracy.
Immunoprophylaxis of Tuberculosis: An Update of Emerging Trends (2010)

Developing effective prophylactics to combat tuberculosis is currently in an exploratory stage. The HIV pandemic and emergence of multi- and extensively drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis indicate that the current preventive measures against this ever-evolving pathogen are inadequate. The currently available vaccine BCG in its present form affords variable protection which usually wanes with aging. Various reasons have been cited to explain the discrepancies in the efficacy of BCG, including generic differences in the different BCG vaccine strains used in immunization program throughout the world. The low efficacy of BCG vaccine has promoted the search for novel vaccines for tuberculosis. The search strategies aim at completely replacing the existing vaccine and/or augmenting/improving the current BCG vaccine. Among new vaccine candidates are live attenuated M. tuberculosis vaccines, recombinant BCG, DNA vaccines, subunit vaccine, and fusion protein-based vaccines. More than 200 new vaccine candidates have been developed as a result of research work over the past few years. To date, at least eight vaccine candidates are undergoing clinical evaluation, with a few of them successfully qualifying in the first phase of clinical testing. These recent advances present an optimistic insight whereby a new tuberculosis vaccine might be expected to be available for public use in the next few years.
A new compact wideband balun (2002)

A wideband balun developed for MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) applications is discussed. The approach utilizes simple RF reflection and coupling principles to achieve a wideband performance in a simple microstrip configuration. A balun with better than 2 dB of insertion loss, 1 dB and 5 degrees of amplitude and phase balance over 7 to 19 GHz has been realized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HDL scavenger receptor class B type I and platelet function (2011)

SR-BI exerts an indirect influence on platelet reactivity via maintaining normal plasma cholesterol homeostasis. In addition, SR-BI is a functional receptor for native and moderately oxidized HDL on platelets that generates an inhibitory signal for platelet activation.
The Complex Nature of the Mechanism of Toxicity of Antibiotic Dithiacyclohexadiene Polyines (Thiarubrines) from the Asteraceae (1989)

Thiarubrine A, a dithiacyclohexadiene polyine from the roots of Chaenactis douglasii, and a related dithiacyclohexadiene from Rudbeckia hirta exhibit strong light-independent antibacterial and antifungal activity. This activity is enhanced by exposure to visible light. Visible light also converts the compounds to the corresponding thiophenes. These are antibiotic only when irradiated with UV-A. Dithiacyclohexadienes are the first polyines to exhibit such complex mechanisms of toxicity towards microorganisms.
From Here to There: Memoirs of a Swiss Childhood (2005)

Flags are the hallmark of August ist, a day steeped in tradition and legend. Flags are flown all year round, but they serve mainly decorative purposes on mountain tops, steam boats and on occasion, a church tower. The bright red square with the white cross livens up the green (or white) countryside, gray city streets and certainly looks photogenic against the blue sky of calendar pages. Swiss love their flag but don't pledge allegiance to it, not even on this day when it assumes a patriotic dimension and is flown everywhere, from ordinary buildings, across narrow streets in the old parts of towns, and shines through votive candle glasses on window sills.