gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fat Grafting to the Breast Revisited: Safety and Efficacy (2008)

Sir: We read with great interest the article entitled “Fat Grafting to the Breast Revisited: Safety and Efficacy” by Drs. Coleman and Saboeiro in the March 2007 issue of the Journal. The authors describe their technique for autologous fat grafting to breasts to correct micromastia or deformity resulting from augmentation, reconstruction, tuberous breasts, or Poland’s syndrome. They should be congratulated for their excellent long-term results utilizing this technique. We had the opportunity to hear the authors present this paper at the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, in New York. During the discussion of harvest and refinement, a member of the audience raised the question of sterility. Specifically, there was concern about placing a sterile syringe filled with lipoaspirate and capped only on one side into an unsterilized centrifuge machine. Dr. Coleman turned the question back to the audience to see whether anyone could improve on the sterility aspect of the procedure by possibly finding a way to sterilize the centrifuge machine. There was no response. From our experience in cell culture techniques, we know that sterilization of the centrifuge is not necessary to sustain cells in culture without contamination for very long periods of time.1 The key to success is to maintain a closed sterile environment inside the centrifuge. We perform our fat harvesting using a technique similar to that described by Coleman, with the following exception: we place a sterile piece of transparent film (Tegaderm; 3M, St. Paul, Minn.) over the open end of the syringe after the plunger has been removed (Fig. 1). This cheap, simple modification prevents potential dust or debris from the centrifuge lid from contaminating the fat. Importantly, the closed sterile environment is maintained inside the nonsterile centrifuge. Utilizing this technique, we have had no infectious complications from our injections.Fig. 1.: Fat grafting technique to optimize sterility. In preparation for fat harvest, sterile syringes with sterile caps and sterile transparent film are obtained (above). Lipoaspirate is transferred into the syringe and the cap is placed on one end. To seal the syringe and thus the sterile environment, transparent film is placed over the open end (below). Syringes are then transferred into sterilized centrifuge containers that have been placed inside the centrifuge machine.Amy S. Colwell, M.D. Loren J. Borud, M.D. Harvard Medical School Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston, Mass.
Triple costimulation via CD80, 4-1BB, and CD83 ligand elicits the long-term growth of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in low levels of IL-2 (2015)

Human γδ T cells play important roles in the regulation of infection and cancer. To understand the roles of costimulatory signals in activation and expansion ex vivo, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells were grown with artificial APCs that express CD83, 4-1BB ligand, and/or CD32, which allowed a loading of αCD3 and αCD28 antibodies. The costimulatory signals through CD80, 4-1BB, and CD83 ligand in low levels of IL-2 triggered an explosive ex vivo proliferation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells capable of secreting high levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. Moreover, the triple-costimulatory signals cause augmented cell viabilities for long-term growth of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, resulting in phenotypic changes to CD27(-)CD45RA(+) effector memory-like cells. Notably, we observed that CD83 ligand signaling is crucial to promote ex vivo expansion, survival, and cytolytic effector functions of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. In contrast, 4-1BB signaling is moderately important in up-regulating surface molecules on Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Consequently, γδ T cells stimulated in the presence of triple-costimulatory signals have diverse cytolytic effector molecules, including perforin, granzyme A, granzyme B, and Fas ligand, eliciting potent cytolytic activities against tumor cells. Overall, our results provide insights into the roles of costimulatory signals in manufacturing long-lived and fully functional Vγ9Vδ2 T cells that could be useful against cancers.
An inexpensive method of determining body composition by underwater weighing. (1980)

A simple inexpensive densiometric method of determining body composition was compared to a more sophisticated one. Body density (Db), lean body mass (LBM), and relative fat content (%fat) were determined for 16 volunteers, 9 men and 7 women using a simple T-bar apparatus suspended in a swimming pool, and an electronic apparatus in conjunction with a metal tank. Residual volumes (RV) used in the determinations were estimated from age and height (RV-1), held constant at 1,300 ml for men and 1.000 ml for women (RV-2), and measured by the nitrogen washout method (RV-3). No significant difference was observed between the two methods of weighing, although significant differences did exist among the RV techniques. It was concluded that a simplified method of determining body composition is acceptable for screening purposes, but long term studies might require more sophisticated techniques with RV measured at the time of weighing.
Identifying 6,7,4′-Trihydroxyisoflavone as a Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitor (2005)

A known biotransformed compound, 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone, was identified as a potent tyrosinase inhibitor. It inhibited mushroom tyrosinase with an IC50 value of 9.2 microM, which is six times the anti-tyrosinase activity of kojic acid (IC50 = 54.4 microM). The inhibition kinetics, analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plots, indicated 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone to be a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase when L-tyrosine was used as a substrate. Its biosynthesis precursors and analogs, including glycitein, daidzein, and genistein, showed little anti-tyrosinase activity. The results suggest that hydroxyl groups at the C-6 and C-7 positions of the isoflavone skeleton might play an important role in the expression of tyrosinase inhibitory activity.
Catalytic CO2 reforming of methane over Ir/Ce0.9Gd0.1O2− (2005)

CO 2 reforming of methane over Ir loaded Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 O 2− x (Ir/CGO) has been studied between 600 and 800 °C and for CH 4 /CO 2 ratios between 2 and 0.66 in order to evaluate its potential use as an anode material for direct conversion of biogas at moderate temperatures in solid oxide fuel cells. The catalyst exhibited a superior catalytic activity compared to the support alone and other Ir based catalysts. High CH 4 /CO 2 ratios and temperatures were required to obtain the maximum H 2 /CO ratio, which could never exceed unity. Long-term experiments were carried out, showing the excellent stability of the catalyst with time on stream. Carbon formation was totally inhibited (in most experimental conditions) or very limited in the most severe conditions of the study (800 °C, CH 4 /CO 2 = 2). This carbon was found to be highly reactive towards O 2 upon TPO experiments.
Foreword to: War, Terrorism and Torture: Limits on Presidential Power in the 21st Century Symposium (2006)

Symposium: War, Terrorism and Torture: Limits on Presidential Power in the 21st Century. Convened by the American Constitution Society for Law and Policy and the Indiana University School of Law- Bloomington, prominent legal scholars, human rights advocates and government lawyers gathered in Bloomington on October 7, 2005.
Penicillin-Binding Protein 2a from Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>:  Kinetic Characterization of Its Interactions with β-Lactams Using Electrospray Mass Spectrometry (1999)

Penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) is the primary beta-lactam resistance determinant of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MecA, the gene coding for PBP2a, was cloned with the membrane-anchoring region at the N-terminus deleted. The truncated protein (PBP2a) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli mostly in the soluble form accounting for approximately 25% of soluble cell protein and was purified to homogeneity. The purified protein was shown to covalently bind beta-lactams in an 1:1 ratio as determined by electrospray mass spectrometry. A novel method based on HPLC-elctrospray mass spectrometry has been developed to quantitatively determine the formation of the covalent adducts or acyl-PBP2a complexes. By using this method, combined with kinetic techniques including quench flow, we have extensively characterized the interactions between PBP2a and three beta-lactams and determined related kinetic parameters for the first time. The apparent first-order rate constants (ka) of PBP2a acylation by benzylpenicillin showed a hyperbolic dependence on the concentration of benzylpenicillin. This is consistent with the mechanism that the binding of the penicillin to PBP2a consists of reversible formation of a Michaelis complex followed by formation of the penicilloyl-PBP2a adduct, and allowed the determination of the individual kinetic parameters for these two steps, the dissociation constant Kd of 13.3 mM and the first-order rate constant k2 of 0.22 s-1. From these values, the second-order rate constant k2/Kd, the value reflecting the overall binding efficiency of a beta-lactam, of 16.5 M-1 s-1 was obtained. The fairly high Kd value indicates that benzylpenicillin fits rather poorly into the protein active site. Similar studies on the interaction between PBP2a and methicillin revealed k2 of 0.0083 s-1 and Kd of 16.9 mM, resulting in an even smaller k2/Kd value of 0.49 M-1 s-1. The rate constants k3 for deacylation of the acyl-PBP2a complexes, the third step in the interactions, were measured to be <1.5 x 10(-)5 s-1. These results indicate that the resistance of PBP2a to penicillin inactivation is mainly due to the extremely low penicillin acylating rate in addition to the low association affinity, but not to a fast rate of deacylation. Acylation of PBP2a by a high-affinity cephalosporin, Compound 1, also followed a saturation curve of ka versus the compound concentration, from which k2 = 0.39 s-1, Kd = 0.22 mM, and k2/Kd = 1750 M-1 s-1 were obtained. The 100-fold increase in the k2/Kd value as compared with that of benzylpenicillin is mostly attributable to the decreased (60-fold) Kd, indicating that the cephalosporin fits much better to the binding pocket of the protein.
Rational quadratic spline interpolation to monotonic data. (1982)

In an earlier paper by Gregory & Delbourgo (1982), a piecewise rational quadratic function is developed which produces a monotonic interpolant to monotonic data. This interpolant gives visually pleasing curves and is of continuity class C1 . In the present paper, the data is restricted to be strictly monotonic and it is shown that it is possible to obtain a\nmonotonic rational quadratic spline interpolant which is of continuity class .C2 An ○(h4) convergence analysis is included.
Constraining a Reservoir Facies Model to Dynamic Data Using a Gradual Deformation Method (1998)

In this paper, we propose a new method for gradually deforming Gaussian-related stochastic models while preserving their spatial variability (reproducing their variograms). This method consists in building a continuous stochastic process whose state space is the ensemble of the realizations of a spatial stochastic model. The gradual deformation algorithm is combined with an optimization algorithm to calibrate stochastic models to nonlinear data. This paper focuses particularlyon the gradual deformation and iterative calibration of truncated Gaussian modeIs. The case study on the calibration of a reservoir facies model to weIl-test pressure data illustrates the efficiency of the proposed method. Although the method described in this paper is operational only in the Gaussian framework (e.g. lognormal model, truncated Gaussian model etc.), the idea of gradually deforming realizations through a stochastic process remains general and therefore promising even for calibrating non- Gaussian modeIs.
Musa enferma: la melancolía en la poesía española de Fin de siglo (2009)

En el transito entre el Ochocientos y el Novecientos confluyeron en la poesia espanola aspectos externos e internos que contribuyeron a la constitucion del motivo de la melancolia considerado en ese momento como verdadero mal del siglo. Los factores historicos son de sobra conocidos y tienen que ver con el hundimiento de Espana en todos los ordenes del vivir. Asimismo concurrieron otros factores que resumo a continuacion: la tradicion clasica de la milenaria melancolia, el influjo del pesimismo estereotipado formulado por Schopenhauer, y la incapacidad para la accion relacionada con la atavica idiosincrasia del temperamento de los espanoles. De ellos se da cuenta en el articulo.
A novel low voltage Subtracting BandGap Reference with temperature coefficient of 2.2 ppm/&#x00B0; (2011)

A novel structure of CMOS low voltage bandgap reference, called "Subtracting BandGap Reference" (SBGR), is proposed. In this work, the extremely small temperature coefficient is obtained by subtracting two Complementary To Absolute Temperature (CTAT) currents with same temperature coefficient but different magnitude. The subtraction of two CTAT currents which have similar characteristics leads to low temperature coefficient. Simulation results show that the new SBGR circuit achieves a temperature coefficient three times lower than that of the conventional low voltage bandgap reference.
Educational value of residence halls : value changes in freshman students as a function of educational programming in residence halls (2015)

An analysis of differences in values of college freshmen at Southern Illinois University was made.Values were measured by the STUDY OF VALUES.The differences were measured to determine the function of educational programming in residence halls in changing values in freshman students.The population consisted of 167 college freshmen Who entered school winter quarter, 1903 Eighty-seven (Group.I) of 'these freshmen lived on campus and were exposed to edu-national programming in their place of residence.Eighty (Group II) of the freshmen lived of f-us amp us and were not exposed to educational programming in their place of residence The STUDY OF VALUES was administered to the freshmen of both groups on a test-retest basis with an 11-week time interval between the initial and.terminal administrations.Raw scores were analysed by the MANN-WHITNEY U TEST for the significance of the differences.The findings indicated that there were significant differences in the economic, social, and religious Values on the initial test administration and that there' Were no signifi-cant differences in the theoretical, aesthetic, and political values on the initial test administration* The findings on the terminal administration indicated a significant difference in all values measured.Group II scored higher bn the: social value, while Group I spared higher on all other values measured.The findings also indicate that Group I made a greater change than Group II from the initial to the terminal administration.The findings suggest that educational programming does have a function in changing student values.More needs to be done in our residence hails if our institutions of higher learning are to more fully use the resources they now possess.
Role of PKC-ERK signaling in tamoxifen-induced apoptosis and tamoxifen resistance in human breast cancer cells (2012)

This study was designed to investigate the role of protein kinase C (PKC) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling in tamoxifen (TAM)-induced apoptosis and drug resistance in human breast cancer cells. Drug-sensitive, or estrogen receptor (ER)-positive human breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7) and the multi-drug-resistant variant (ER-negative) MCF-7/ADR cells were treated with doses of TAM for various periods of time. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed using cell counting, DNA fragmentation and flow cytometric analysis. We found that TAM administration caused a significant increase in apoptosis of MCF-7 cells but not MCF-7/ADR cells. Western blot analysis revealed enhanced expression of PKCδ but decreased expression of PKCα in ER-positive MCF-7 cells; while ER-negative MCF-7/ADR cells had decreased levels of PKCδ and increased levels of PKCα. Interestingly, we observed that in MCF-7 cells, TAM stimulated apoptosis by promoting rapid activation of PKCδ, antagonizing downstream signaling of ERK phosphorylation; while in MCF-7/ADR cells, TAM upregulated PKCα, which promoted ERK phosphorylation. These results suggest that PKCδ enhances apoptosis in TAM-treated MCF-7 cells by antagonizing ERK phosphorylation; while the PKCα pathway plays an important role in TAM-induced drug resistance by activating ERK signaling in MCF-7/ADR cells. The combination of TAM with PKCα and ERK inhibitors could promote TAM-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
Evolution of broadband network services-A North American perspective (2002)

A scenario for the evolution of broadband public network services is identified based on analysis of end-user requirements. This evolution will be driven initially by increasing demand for high-performance data communications in the corporate environment. The service introduction phase is described, in which broadband virtual private network services are provided as an alternative to dedicated facilities. The ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) technology is analyzed to define the flexible network infrastructure which will allow the introduction and evolution of the broadband services. The requirements for the ATM network infrastructure are addressed including operations and management, performance, traffic control, and interworking.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Performing Transylvania: Tourism, fantasy and play in a liminal place (2009)

In recent years there has been increasing attention on tourism as a form of performance. Moreover, some recent work has focused on the role of tourist performances in the making (and remaking) of tourist places. This article explores these issues with reference to Transylvania, Romania, through ethnographic fieldwork with a group of Western tourists visiting Transylvania for Halloween. It was clear that, for these tourists, their visit to Transylvania was firmly grounded in what they brought with them from their home cultures. In particular, the whole visit was circumscribed by an enduring place-myth of Transylvania as the home of Dracula and vampires. During their holiday, these tourists enthusiastically engaged with this myth through fantasy, imagination-work and embodied play. Thus, these tourists were not simply encountering Transylvania — instead they were performing a Transylvania as they imagined it to be. In doing so, they were actively reconstituting the Transylvania place myth.
Deep learning for smart fish farming: applications, opportunities and challenges (2020)

Abstract The rapid emergence of deep learning (DL) technology has resulted in its successful use in various fields, including aquaculture. DL creates both new opportunities and a series of challenges for information and data processing in smart fish farming. This paper focuses on applications of DL in aquaculture, including live fish identification, species classification, behavioural analysis, feeding decisions, size or biomass estimation, and water quality prediction. The technical details of DL methods applied to smart fish farming are also analysed, including data, algorithms and performance. The review results show that the most significant contribution of DL is its ability to automatically extract features. However, challenges still exist; DL is still in a weak artificial intelligence stage and requires large amounts of labelled data for training, which has become a bottleneck that restricts further DL applications in aquaculture. Nevertheless, DL still offers breakthroughs for addressing complex data in aquaculture. In brief, our purpose is to provide researchers and practitioners with a better understanding of the current state of the art of DL in aquaculture, which can provide strong support for implementing smart fish farming applications.
Serum chemokine receptor CXCR3 ligands are associated with progression, organ dysfunction and complications of chronic liver diseases (2011)

CXCR3 chemokines are differentially expressed during chronic liver diseases across different disease stages and aetiologies. Their association with portal hypertension and hepatoprotective cytokines implies biological functions beyond immune cell recruitment, thereby provoking new diagnostic and therapeutic concepts.
Piezo-fluidic Gaseous Fuel MPI System for Natural Gas Fuelled IC Engines. (2001)

A fast response piezo-fluidic gaseous fuel injector system designed for natural gas fuelled internal combustion (IC) engines is described in this paper. The system consists mainly of no moving part fluidic gas injector and piezo controlling interface. It can be arranged as a multi-point injection (MPI) system for IC engine fuel control. Both steady state and dynamic characteristics were investigated on a laboratory test rig. A comprehensive jet attachment and switching simulation model was also developed and reported. The agreement between predicted and experimental results is shown to be good.
[Clinical trials of the new skin test Diaskintest for the diagnosis of tuberculosis]. (2009)

A new reagent for a skin test given the name Diaskintest has been designed for the screening diagnosis of tuberculosis and preclinical and clinical trials conducted. Preclinical trials were carried out on 315 laboratory animals (guinea-pigs, albino mice). The reagent Diaskintest was ascertained to be nontoxic, to have no sensitizing properties, to be safe and specific, and to induce no positive reactions in BCG-vaccinated animals and healthy guinea-pigs. Its specific activity was comparable with that of the national reference--purified tuberculin PPD-L-2. With progression of tuberculous lesions, the guinea-pigs showed higher responses to Diaskintest dilution and the BCG-vaccinated animals lacked responses to Diaskintest with increased delayed type hypersensitivity. The clinical trial was permitted by the Federal Service for Surveillance in Health Care and Social Development of the Russian Federation. Clinical trials were conducted in 150 persons. The safety, specificity, sensitivity of Diaskintest were first examined in the clinical studies and its action was compared with the results of tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test) with 2 TE of PPD L-2. Diaskintest was ascertained to be highly sensitive when given in a dose of 0.2 microg in 0.1 ml. In patients with active tuberculosis and new cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, the agent induced a positive skin reaction (a papule of more than 10 mm) in 98-100% of cases (p < 0.05). The agent caused no reaction associated with BCG vaccination. The specificity of the test was 93-100% with 95% significance. The rate of overexuberant reactions (vesicular necrotic changes, lymphangitis, and lymphadenitis) was 4-14% with 95% significance. Tuberculosis patients with significant immunopathological disorders might have no skin sensitivity to Diaskintest, as to PPD L-2 (a negative test). The findings substantiate the use of Diaskintest for mass epidemiological surveys for the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and BCG vaccination-associated complications. The agent may be also used to evaluate the activity of the process in patients with tuberculosis and the efficiency of treatment in combination with other methods and to make a differential diagnosis of tuberculosis.
What Counts for Academic Productivity in Research Universities? (2015)

Measuring research productivity in universities is a complicated and problematic process. Yet, such measurements are important for calculating the productivity of institutions, individual researchers, and academic systems. They count for a lot in the rankings. Current measures undercount the social sciences and humanities, and don’t pay sufficient attention to books. Further, the ways that knowledge is communicated is changing.