gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Immobilization Stress on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in the Conscious Rat (1981)

Immobilization stress of conscious, normotensive, freely breathing 10-month-old Wistar-Kyoto rats produced an overall decline in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), as measured with [14C]iodoantipyrine, except at the frontal lobe. In 14 brain regions, rCBF fell by an average of 14.3% after 5 min of immobilization and by 11.9% after 15 min. Immobilization stress also stimulated hyperventilation and thereby reduced PaCO2. The slope relating rCBF to PaCO2 averaged 1.5 ml 100 g-1 min-1 mm Hg-1 in 9 significantly affected regions. The findings suggest that rCBF declines during immobilization stress because of cerebrovascular constriction caused by a reduction in PaCO2. Comparison of the average slope with published values in indicates furthermore that were PaCO2 to remain unchanged during immobilization, rCBF would increase by at most 20%.
Integrated Molecular Profiling Studies to Characterize the Cellular Origins of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (2018)

Abstract Historically, high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs) were thought to arise from ovarian surface epithelial cells (OSECs) but recent data implicate fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells (FTSECs) as the major precursor. We performed transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling to characterize molecular similarities between OSECs, FTSECs and HGSOCs. Transcriptomic signatures of FTSECs were preserved in most HGSOCs reinforcing FTSECs as the predominant cell-of-origin; though an OSEC-like signature was associated with increased chemosensitivity ( P adj = 0.03) and was enriched in proliferative-type tumors, suggesting a dualistic model for HGSOC origins. More super-enhancers (SEs) were shared between FTSECs and HGSOCs than between OSECS and HGSOCs ( P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ). SOX18, ELF3 and EHF transcription factors (TFs) coincided with HGSOC SEs and represent putative novel drivers of tumor development. Our integrative analyses support a predominantly fallopian origin for HGSOCs and indicate tumorigenesis may be driven by different TFs according to cell-of-origin.
Investigation of the Gas‐Liquid Flow in a Stopper‐Rod Controlled SEN (2007)

The behaviour of two-phase gas-liquid flows in a stopper-rod controlled submerged entry nozzle (SEN) is investigated in water model experiments. The observed two-phase flow patterns can be classified into either bubble coring or bubbly slug. The scaling of the two-phase flows by means of similarity parameters is discussed. In the experiments, it is found that the liquid flow rates depend strongly on the two-phase flow patterns. Additionally, the influence of swirl on the flow patterns is investigated in detail. It is shown that swirl has a marked impact on the transition from bubble coring to bubbly slug. Finally, an estimation of the two-phase argon-steel flow patterns in industrialscale SEN flows is given.
Hyposmotic challenge inhibits inward rectifying K<sup>+</sup> channels in cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells (2006)

This study sought to define whether inward rectifying K(+) (K(IR)) channels were modulated by vasoactive stimuli known to depolarize and constrict intact cerebral arteries. Using pressure myography and patch-clamp electrophysiology, initial experiments revealed a Ba(2+)-sensitive K(IR) current in cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells that was active over a physiological range of membrane potentials and whose inhibition led to arterial depolarization and constriction. Real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses established the expression of both K(IR)2.1 and K(IR)2.2 in cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells. Vasoconstrictor agonists known to depolarize and constrict rat cerebral arteries, including uridine triphosphate, U46619, and 5-HT, had no discernable effect on whole cell K(IR) activity. Control experiments confirmed that vasoconstrictor agonists could inhibit the voltage-dependent delayed rectifier K(+) (K(DR)) current. In contrast to these observations, a hyposmotic challenge that activates mechanosensitive ion channels elicited a rapid and sustained inhibition of the K(IR) but not the K(DR) current. The hyposmotic-induced inhibition of K(IR) was 1) mimicked by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, a PKC agonist; and 2) inhibited by calphostin C, a PKC inhibitor. These findings suggest that, by modulating PKC, mechanical stimuli can regulate K(IR) activity and consequently the electrical and mechanical state of intact cerebral arteries. We propose that the mechanoregulation of K(IR) channels plays a role in the development of myogenic tone.
Complex regional pain syndrome: intradermal injection of phenylephrine evokes pain and hyperalgesia in a subgroup of patients with upregulated α1-adrenoceptors on dermal nerves (2018)

The aim of this study was to determine whether upregulated cutaneous expression of α1-adrenoceptors (α1-AR) is a source of pain in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Immunohistochemistry was used to identify α1-AR on nerve fibres and other targets in the affected and contralateral skin of 90 patients, and in skin samples from 38 pain-free controls. The distribution of α1-AR was compared between patients and controls, and among subgroups of patients defined by CRPS duration, limb temperature asymmetry, and diagnostic subtype (CRPS I vs CRPS II). In addition, α1-AR expression was investigated in relation to pain and pinprick hyperalgesia evoked by intradermal injection of the α1-AR agonist phenylephrine. Expression of α1-AR on nerve bundles in the CRPS-affected limb was greater in patients who reported prolonged pain and pinprick hyperalgesia around the phenylephrine injection site than in patients with transient pain after the injection. In addition, α1-AR expression in nerve bundles was greater in patients with CRPS II than CRPS I, and was greater in acute than more long-standing CRPS. Although less clearly associated with the nociceptive effects of phenylephrine, α1-AR expression was greater on dermal nerve fibres in the painful than contralateral limb. Together, these findings are consistent with nociceptive involvement of cutaneous α1-AR in CRPS. This involvement may be greater in acute than chronic CRPS, and in CRPS II than CRPS I.
Modelling asynchrony in automatic speech recognition using loosely coupled hidden Markov models (2002)

Abstract Hidden Markov models (HMMs) have been successful for modelling the dynamics of carefully dictated speech, but their performance degrades severely when used to model conversational speech. Since speech is produced by a system of loosely coupled articulators, stochastic models explicitly representing this parallelism may have advantages for automatic speech recognition (ASR), particularly when trying to model the phonological effects inherent in casual spontaneous speech. This paper presents a preliminary feasibility study of one such model class: loosely coupled HMMs . Exact model estimation and decoding is potentially expensive, so possible approximate algorithms are also discussed. Comparison of one particular loosely coupled model on an isolated word task suggests loosely coupled HMMs merit further investigation. An approximate algorithm giving performance which is almost always statistically indistinguishable from the exact algorithm is also identified, making more extensive research computationally feasible.
Highly Saturated Nitrile Elastomer (HSN) Automotive Applications III (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">More compact engine compartments combined with higher powered fuel efficient engines has led to higher operating temperature requirements, thus creating the need for improved lubricants, causing severe demands on conventional elastomers. Fuel injection creating the problems of sour gasoline, requires a departure from traditional polymers.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">To meet these new stringent demands and to achieve longer maintenance free automobile operation, Nippon Zeon Company commercialized “Zetpol”, highly saturated nitrile (HSR), a new oil resistant elastomer, exhibiting higher physical properties, remains stable at elevated temperature, and much improved resistance to heat, oil additives, oxidized lubricants, sour gasoline, acid and alkalis.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">HSN is being used for components such as dynamic and static seals, gaskets, 0-rings, diaphragms, hoses, tubing, timing belts, etc.</div>
Effect of strain on surface diffusion and nucleation (1995)

The influence of strain on diffusion and nucleation has been studied by means of scanning tunneling microscopy and effective-medium theory for Ag self-diffusion on strained and unstrained (111) surfaces. Experimentally, the diffusion barrier is observed to be substantially lower on a pseudomorphic Ag monolayer on Pt(111), 60 meV, compared to that on Ag(111), 97 meV. The calculations show that this strong effect is due to the 4.2% compressive strain of the Ag monolayer on Pt. It is shown that in general isotropic two-dimensional strain as well as its relief via dislocations have a drastic effect on surface diffusion and nucleation in heteroepitaxy and are thus of significance for the film morphology in the kinetic growth regime.
INCORPORATING II-I RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST SECRETING HEPA-TOCYTES IN A BIOARTIFICIAL LIVER DEVICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF FULMINANT HEPATIC FAILURE (2004)

An optimally functioning bioartificial liver (BAL) device has the potential to provide critical hepatic support to the patient with Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). In an effort to develop hepatocytes with additional functions for use in our BAL, we focused on IL-1 blockade. We injected an adenoviral vector encoding human IL-l receptor antagonist (Ad-IL-1 Ra) into the liver of D-galactosamine (GaIN, 1.4 g/Kg) intoxicated rats via the portal vein. We also transfected primary rat hepatocytes and reversibly immortalized human hepatocytes with Ad-IL-1Ra. We then incorporated these transfected hepatocytes into our flat-plate BAL device and evaluated their efficacy in our GalN-induced FHF rat model. Rats injected with Ad-IL-1Ra showed significant reductions in the plasma levels of hepatic enzymes. Incorporating IL-1 Ra secreting rat hepatocytes into the BAL device and testing in a CaIN-induced FHF rat model resulted in significant reductions in plasma hepatic enzyme and inflammatory cytokine levels and significantly improved animal survival. Immortalized human hepatocytes transfected with Ad-IL-1 Ra secreted similar levels of IL-1 Ra compared to transfected primary rat hepatocytes. When incorporated in the BAL device and tested in the CaIN-induced FHF rat model, this cell line significantly improved plasma levels of hepatic enzyme and inflammatory cytokine, and a trend toward improved survival was seen.
Cytogenetic and Morphologic Abnormalities in Human Bone Marrow Cells during Cytosine Arabinoside Therapy (1966)

Abstract The cytogenetic and morphologic abnormalities arising in the bone marrow following therapy with 1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine hydrochloride (cytosine arabinoside) were studied with 10 patients with various neoplasms. A 5-day course of daily, rapid administration of the drug was employed at a dose of 150-200 mg./m2 body surface area. Within 24 hours there was a high incidence of chromosomal aberrations in both granulocytic and erythroid marrow cells. These aberrations consisted of chromatid breaks, erosions, despiralization, precocious separation of the chromatids at the centromeric region, and extensive fragmentation. Prominent morphologic abnormalities were seen in nondividing cells of the erythroid series, but were absent from the granulocytic precursors. Following cessation of cytosine arabinoside therapy, the morphologic and cytogenetic abnormalities rapidly returned to normal. These features were discussed in relation to the known pharmacology of cytosine arabinoside.
A Human Immunoglobulin (Ig)A Cα3 Domain Motif Directs Polymeric Ig Receptor–mediated Secretion (1999)

Polymeric immunoglobulins provide immunological protection at mucosal surfaces to which they are specifically transported by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR). Using a panel of human IgA1/IgG1 constant region "domain swap" mutants, the binding site for the pIgR on dimeric IgA (dIgA) was localized to the Calpha3 domain. Selection of random peptides for pIgR binding and comparison with the IgA sequence suggested amino acids 402-410 (QEPSQGTTT), in a predicted exposed loop of the Calpha3 domain, as a potential binding site. Alanine substitution of two groups of amino acids in this area abrogated the binding of dIgA to pIgR, whereas adjacent substitutions in a beta-strand immediately NH2-terminal to this loop had no effect. All pIgR binding IgA sequences contain a conserved three amino acid insertion, not present in IgG, at this position. These data localize the pIgR binding site on dimeric human IgA to this loop structure in the Calpha3 domain, which directs mucosal secretion of polymeric antibodies. We propose that it may be possible to use a pIgR binding motif to deliver antigen-specific dIgA and small-molecule drugs to mucosal epithelia for therapy.
Temperature Changes and Ischemic Stroke (2001)

Although the first studies on the therapeutic effects of deep hypothermia during surgical procedures and after acute central nervous system injury were published more than 40 years ago, the importance of relatively small variations in ischémic brain temperature was discovered in the late 1980s [1–4]. In experimental studies of transient cerebral ischemia, mild to moderate variations in intrais-chemic brain temperature dramatically altered histopathologic outcome in selectively vulnerable brain regions. Although a decrease in ischémic brain temperature was shown to be neuroprotective, mild temperature elevations worsened outcome. Experimental data have also demonstrated that several pharmacologie agents protect the postischemic brain by temperature-dependent mechanisms [5, 6]. This fact has complicated the interpretation of pharmacologie studies directed at ischemic protection.KeywordsTraumatic Brain InjuryMiddle Cerebral Artery OcclusionBrain TemperatureMild HypothermiaCereb Blood FlowThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Preparation of Half‐Sandwich Alkyl—Titanium(IV) Complexes Stabilized by a Cyclopentadienyl Ligand with a Pendant Phosphine Tether and Their Use in the Catalytic Hydroamination of Aliphatic and Aromatic Alkynes. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mutations in the 3'-untranslated region of GATA4 as molecular hotspots for congenital heart disease (CHD) (2007)

Our results suggest that somatic GATA4 mutations in the 3'-UTR may provide an additional molecular rationale for CHD.
Picornavirus uncoating intermediate captured in atomic detail (2013)

It remains largely mysterious how the genomes of non-enveloped eukaryotic viruses are transferred across a membrane into the host cell. Picornaviruses are simple models for such viruses, and initiate this uncoating process through particle expansion, which reveals channels through which internal capsid proteins and the viral genome presumably exit the particle, although this has not been clearly seen until now. Here we present the atomic structure of an uncoating intermediate for the major human picornavirus pathogen CAV16, which reveals VP1 partly extruded from the capsid, poised to embed in the host membrane. Together with previous low-resolution results, we are able to propose a detailed hypothesis for the ordered egress of the internal proteins, using two distinct sets of channels through the capsid, and suggest a structural link to the condensed RNA within the particle, which may be involved in triggering RNA release.
Steering Surface Reaction at Specific Sites with Self-Assembly Strategy (2017)

To discern the catalytic activity of different active sites, a self-assembly strategy is applied to confine the involved species that are "attached" to specific surface sites. The employed probe reaction system is the Ullmann coupling of 4-bromobiphenyl, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>Br, on an atomically flat Ag(111) surface, which is explored by combined scanning tunneling microscopy, synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. The catalytic cycle involves the detachment of the Br atom from the initial reactant to form an organometallic intermediate, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>AgC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>, which subsequently self-assembles with its central Ag atom residing either on 2-fold bridge or 3-fold hollow sites at full coverage. The hollow site turns out to be catalytically more active than the bridge one, allowing us to achieve site-steered reaction control from the intermediate to the final coupling product, p-quaterphenyl, at 390 and 410 K, respectively.
Synthetic-fuel aromaticity and staged combustion. Seventh quarterly technical progress report, April 1, 1982-June 30, 1982 (1982)

The past quarter has been spent improving our laboratory techniques at conditions suitable for studying staged combustion for (1) operating the 1 lb/hr combustor, (2) taking representative HCN, NH/sub 3/ and particulate, liquid and gaseous product samples, and (3) analyzing for HCN and NH/sub 3/ using specific ion electrodes. Approximately 25 No. 2 oil and SRC-II firings were made for the preceding purposes. No usable results have been obtained so far. The principal problem has been to obtain agreement between measured stoichiometry, based on the O/sub 2/ and CO levels in the product gases, and calculated stoichiometry, based on fuel and air flows and fuel analyses. Most of these problems have been related to the operational aspects of the new facility, and not to the chemical aspects of SRC-II combustion.
The designs and motions of a shoulder structure with a wide range of movement using bladebone-collarbone structures (2007)

We are trying to develop an innovative humanoid which learns from the structure of a human shoulder, especially the bladebone and collarbone. We consider that the bladebone-collarbone structures have the following merits, l)wide range of movement, 2)having the shoulder structure built on to the outside of the chest, allowing space for a lot of parts inside the chest, 3) flexible shoulder like humans. In contrast, it is difficult to control the shoulder structure because it have multiple degrees of freedom and extraordinary physical constraints. An aim of our research is to create a repeatable motion generation system of the bladebone-collarbone structures for real musculo-skeletal humanoid robots. In this paper, we describe the design process of the bladebone-collarbone structures for a muscle-driven humanoid robot, and the simulation system considering geometrical constraints of the structures. Then, we show a motion experiment using the shoulder structures of the humanoid, based on the simulation system we presented.
[New 2,4-dibromo-6-(N-cyclohexyl-N-methyl)-aminomethylanilides of derivatives of cysteine and cystine with expectorant activity]. (1985)

New 2,4-dibromo-6-(N-cyclohexyl-N-methyl)aminomethylanilides of N-acetylcysteine and N-acetyl-S-carboxymethylcisteine derivatives, N-benzyloxycarbonylcysteine and N,N'-bisbenzyloxycarbonylcystine were synthesized. The compounds were tested for the expectorant activity in rabbit and mouse. N,N'-Bisbenzyloxycarbonylcystin-bis [2,4-dibromo-6-(N-cyclohexyl-N-methyl)aminomethyl]anilide (XIX) was selected for further investigations.
Thermoreversible gelation polymer induces the emergence of hepatic stem cells in the partially injured rat liver (2006)

Focal injury of the adult liver causes formation of granulomatous tissue and fibrosis. When thermoreversible gelation polymer (TGP) was applied to such defects of the rat liver, complete recovery of hepatic tissues was observed without granulation. We analyzed the mechanism of the regeneration. TGP is a chemically synthesized biocompatible polymer material whose sol-gel transition is reversible by changing the temperature. Cooled TGP was poured into a penetration lesion of the rat liver. Immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction were carried out using tissues and cultured cells isolated from ductular structures. Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural analyses were also conducted. Seven days after TGP treatment, ductular reactions were observed around the wound and ductules elongated to the injured area. Cells in the structures were alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) positive, albumin+, CK19+, c-Kit+, and Thy1+. Hepatocyte-like cells possessing glycogen appeared around the tips of the ductules from day 9. The defect was completely replaced with hepatocytes by day 28. Cells isolated from the ductules expressed Musashi-1, c-Kit, Thy1, AFP, albumin, transferrin, connexin 43, and CK19. When the cultured cells were covered by TGP, they rapidly proliferated to form colonies, whereas without TGP cells gradually died. Morphologically and ultrastructurally the cells were similar to hepatocytes. They expressed not only albumin and transferrin but TAT, CYP2E1, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α. Some cells formed bile canaliculus-like structures. In conclusion , TGP may trigger the initiation of hepatic stem cells in biliary ductules, and stem cell activation may occur even in the regeneration of the normal liver. (Hepatology 2006;43:1053–1062.)
Study on suspension effect of high-Tc oxide superconductor. (1988)

Suspension effect of a high-Tc Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor beneath the doughnut-shaped permanent magnet was examined by means of a improved magneto-balancing method at 77K. The observed values of both the suspension position and the force exerted upon the superconductor specimen were in good agreement with those calculated from the magnetization curve of the specimen and the intensity of the magnetic field of the used permanent magnet. Obtained results indicate that the origin of suspension effect in the present case is mainly due to Meissner effect, and a little different from the pinning force reported so far.
Photonic analog-to-digital conversion with emphasis on parallel-configuration-free aspect (2015)

We discuss a parallel-configuration-free architecture for a photonic ADC from the view point of power consumption and briefly review and introduce our proposed approach as a typical example and current state-of-the-art experimental results.
Reduced complexity turbo equalization for MIMO channels using random signal mapping (2006)

Abstract —Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wirelesssystems are known to be robust against fading, providing whatis known as diversity gain. However, if traditional techniques toobtain diversity are used, the receiver complexity for a MIMOchannel with intersymbol interference (ISI) may be unfeasible.In this paper, we investigate the use of random signal mappingas a source of diversity gain for MIMO channels with ISI. Wetheoretically demonstrate that the proposed system has muchlower complexity than existing solutions and is robust againstchannel mismatch. Simulation results also show that the newscheme provides good diversity gain. I. I NTRODUCTION Wireless systems with multiple transmit and/or receiveantennas have been the topic of intense research activity lately.The interest in these multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)systems was spurred by two results. First, in two independentworks, Telatar [1], and Foschini and Gans [2] showed that asigniﬁcant increase in capacity can be obtained in wirelesssystems when multiple antennas are employed at both thetransmitter and the receiver. Besides this increased capacity,multiple antennas can also lead to increased robustness againstfading, even without channel knowledge at the transmitter.Indeed, in [3], Tarokh