gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fire Retardants from Renewable Resources (2018)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Fire Retardant Additives Based on Phosphorus and Nitrogen from Renewable Resources Natural Phenolic Compounds as Flame Retardant Additives Other FR Materials from Renewable Sources Prospects Summary Acknowledgements
Synthesis of a new fluorogenic substrate for cystine aminopeptidase. (1982)

S-Benzyl-L-cysteine-4-methylcoumarinyl-7-amide (CMC) was synthesized. This amide was expected to be a potentially useful substrate for fluorometric microdetermination of cystine aminopeptidase, one of the most important enzymes in the diagnosis of placental functions.
Analyzing random lasing spectra of the zinc oxide bulk and the multiple quantum wells by empirical mode decomposition and fast Fourier transform (2021)

Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) was used to efficiently distinguish weak random-cavity emission from large broad spontaneous emission of the ZnO bulk and the multiple quantum wells (MQWs) structures. By fast Fourier transforming (FFT) the EMD results, we obtained the optical cavity lengths of random lasing and their corresponding emission intensity. With increasing pumping power, the EMD-FFT method confirms that the nonlinear trend of the random lasing emission in ZnO bulk and the change in optical cavity length is a result of change in refractive index dispersion due to the bandgap renormalization with high excited carrier density in nonpolar a-plane ZnO MQWs.
A bio-hygrothermal mould growth analysis of typical Australian residential wall systems (2020)

Since 2014, Australian scholars and design and construction professionals have raised concerns about the increased presence of mould and condensation within new stand-alone and multi-residential buildings. Several studies have identified significant material decay and mould growth within external wall systems due to long-term moisture accumulation. This paper focusses on moisture and mould growth in buildings by providing an in-depth analysis of the most common external wall system for Australian residential buildings (cavity brick veneer). This wall's moisture accumulation over a ten-year period was simulated using multi-year transient hygrothermal software. Transient hygrothermal simulation is novel within the Australian research and regulatory context. Mould growth was simulated and analysed using a post-processing mould growth software. To assist in informing regulatory development, simulations were completed for three temperate Australian climate zones. The modelled wall system applied typical and regulation-compliant building material configurations for pre-2003, 2004, 2007 and 2010. The results of the modelled wall system will be used to inform national building regulations in Australia. A key component of this paper includes the evaluation of internationally accepted methods for mould growth simulation.
Vaccines for Peace (1993)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Prostacyclin and thromboxane in diabetes. (1981)

Concentrations of the stable antiaggregatory prostacyclin metabolite 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and of the proaggregatory thromboxane A2 metabolite thromboxane B2 were measured by radioimmunoassay in plasma from 53 diabetics. In 33 of these patients the ability of platelets to produce thromboxane B2 during spontaneous clotting was also studied. Plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations were higher (p less than 0.05) in the diabetics (mean 107.7 +/- SE 7.6 ng/l) than in non-diabetic controls matched for age and sex (87.5 +/- 4.7 ng/l), and diabetics with microangiography (n = 28) and higher (p less than 0.01) concentrations (124.3 +/- 10.8 ng/l) than those without microangiography (n = 25; 89.2 +/- 9.3 ng/l). Plasma thromboxane B2 concentrations were also higher (p less than 0.01) in the diabetics (mean 218.5 +/- SE 25.3 ng/l) than in the controls (127.7 +/- 9.8 ng/l), but this increase was not related to microangiography. The ability of platelets to generate thromboxane B2 did not differ between the diabetics (181.4 +/- 16.4 microgram/l) and controls (195.8 +/- 11.8 microgram/l). Platelets of diabetics with microangiopathy or taking oral hypoglycaemic agents (n = 19), however, produced decreased amounts of thromboxane B2 during clotting. Plasma concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2 were not related to concentrations of glucose, haemoglobin A1, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol, triglycerides, magnesium, or creatinine. These results suggest that in diabetics with microangiopathy a balance between prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 is shifted to dominance by prostacyclin.
Uncompressed and human-readable animation file format for Virtual Characters, (2002)

Research Report ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11, MPEG01/M8503 , Klagenfurt, Autriche
Metabolism of the Nonylphenol Isomer [Ring-U-14c]-4-(3?,5?-Dimethyl-3?-Heptyl)-Phenol by Cell Suspension Cultures of Agrostemma githago and Soybean (2004)

Abstract The biotransformation of the nonylphenol isomer [ring-U-14C]-4-(3′,5′-dimethyl-3′-heptyl)-phenol (4-353-NP, consisting of two diastereomers) was studied in soybean and Agrostemma githago cell suspension cultures. With the A. githago cells, a batch two-liquid-phase system (medium/n-hexadecane 200:1, v/v) was used, in order to produce higher concentrations and amounts of 4-353-NP metabolites for their identification; 4-353-NP was applied via the n-hexadecane phase. Initial concentrations of [14C]-4-353-NP were 1 mg L−1 (soybean), and 5 and 10 mg L−1 (A. githago). After 2 (soybean) and 7 days (A. githago) of incubation, the applied 4-353-NP was transformed almost completely by both plant species to four types of products: glycosides of parent 4-353-NP, glycosides of primary 4-353-NP metabolites, nonextractable residues and unknown, possibly polymeric materials detected in the media. The latter two products emerged especially in soybean cultures. Portions of primary metabolites amounted to 19–22% (soybean) and 21–42% of applied 14C (A. githago). After liberation from their glycosides, the primary 4-353-NP metabolites formed by A. githago were isolated by HPLC and examined by GC-EIMS as trimethylsilyl derivatives. In the chromatograms, eight peaks were detected which due to their mass spectra, could be traced back to 4-353-NP. Seven of the compounds were side-chain monohydroxylated 4-353-NP metabolites, while the remaining was a (side-chain) carboxylic acid derivative. Unequivocal identification of the sites of hydroxylation/oxidation of all transformation products was not possible. The main primary metabolites produced by A. githago were supposed to be four diastereomers of 6′-hydroxy-4-353-NP (about 80% of all products identified). It was concluded that plants contribute to the environmental degradation of the xenoestrogen nonylphenol; the toxicological properties of side-chain hydroxylated nonylphenols remain to be examined.
Dopaminergic Inhibition of Prolactin Release and Calcium Influx Induced by Neurotensin in Anterior Pituitary Is Independent of Cyclic AMP System (1986)

The present study demonstrates that 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (DA, dopamine) prevents neurotensin (NT) stimulation of both prolactin (PRL) release and calcium influx by interacting with specific receptors that are functionally linked to calcium channels. As shown by the studies with dispersed cells from rat anterior pituitary, the pharmacology of the control of PRL release and calcium influx, both induced by NT, was found to be typical of a DAergic process. This was demonstrated by the order of potency of agonists in inhibiting PRL release and calcium influx (DA greater than epinephrine greater than norepinephrine much greater than isoproterenol); by the high affinity of antagonists such as haloperidol and fluphenazine for this process; and by the high degree of stereoselectivity of sulpiride. Specific D2 receptor agonists, such as bromocriptine and lisuride, and the specific D2 receptor antagonist (-)-sulpiride were found to be highly potent on the DA receptors negatively coupled with calcium channels and PRL release. DA was found to lack the capacity to change the influx of calcium induced by either the sodium channel activator veratridine or high extracellular potassium levels, thus indicating a specific action of this amine on calcium channels sensitive to NT. In a range of concentrations that are effective in inhibiting either the calcium influx or the PRL release, both induced by NT, DA did not alter the cyclic AMP generating system. DA (from 1.0 nM to 50 nM) did not affect adenylate cyclase activity in rat pituitary gland homogenates and did not modify intracellular cyclic AMP levels in pituitary cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
pH Dependence of the Stress Regulator DksA (2015)

DksA controls transcription of genes associated with diverse stress responses, such as amino acid and carbon starvation, oxidative stress, and iron starvation. DksA binds within the secondary channel of RNA polymerase, extending its long coiled-coil domain towards the active site. The cellular expression of DksA remains constant due to a negative feedback autoregulation, raising the question of whether DksA activity is directly modulated during stress. Here, we show that Escherichia coli DksA is essential for survival in acidic conditions and that, while its cellular levels do not change significantly, DksA activity and binding to RNA polymerase are increased at lower pH, with a concomitant decrease in its stability. NMR data reveal pH-dependent structural changes centered at the interface of the N and C-terminal regions of DksA. Consistently, we show that a partial deletion of the N-terminal region and substitutions of a histidine 39 residue at the domain interface abolish pH sensitivity in vitro. Together, these data suggest that DksA responds to changes in pH by shifting between alternate conformations, in which competing interactions between the N- and C-terminal regions modify the protein activity.
Infrared and visible photometry of Fairall-9 /ESO 113-IG 45/ (1979)

Results are presented for UBV and JHKLM photometry of the southern galaxy Fairall-9 (ESO 113-IG 45). The data indicate variations on a time scale of 2 months in the IR, which are not correlated with the visual. The spectral behavior in the visual and IR is found to be similar to that exhibited by quasars and BL Lac objects. The evidence demonstrates that the nucleus of Fairall-9 can be considered a QSO; an upper limit of 0.05 pc is estimated for the size of the IR source region. The available observational constraints show that synchrotron models with equipartition of energy between relativistic electrons and magnetic fields are energetically not in conflict with the observations.
In-vitro interaction of human macrophages with Pneumocystis carinii. (1991)

Pneumocystis carinii is an important opportunistic pathogen in patients with compromised cell-mediated immunity. T-cell and macrophage function are believed to be of prime importance in defence against this organism. The present ultrastructural study is aimed at the analysis of the interaction between human macrophages and P. carinii in vitro. Adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers were exposed in vitro to Pneumocystis derived from lungs of steroid-treated rats. The macrophages were harvested at different intervals and studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The material used for inoculation of macrophages was of identical morphology to previously described P. carinii. When mixed with Pneumocystis in vitro, the macrophages appeared to move towards the organism, extended pseudopods and ingested trophozoites and cysts. Within 24 h, intracellular Pneumocystis underwent progressive degeneration inside macrophage vacuoles. This study highlights the possible role of macrophages in host defence against P. carinii.
Multisite Autophosphorylation of p21-activated Protein Kinase γ-PAK as a Function of Activation (1999)

p21-activated protein kinase (PAK) is a family of serine/threonine kinases whose activity is stimulated by binding to small G-proteins such as Cdc42 and subsequent autophosphorylation. Focusing on the ubiquitous gamma-isoform of PAK in this study, baculovirus-infected insect cells were used to obtain recombinant gamma-PAK, while native gamma-PAK was isolated from rabbit reticulocytes. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of gamma-PAK followed by immunoblot analysis revealed a similar profile for native and recombinant gamma-PAK, both consisting of multiple protein spots. Following Cdc42-stimulated autophosphorylation, the two-dimensional profiles of native and recombinant gamma-PAK were characterized by a similar acidic shift, suggesting a common response to Cdc42. To understand the effect of differential phosphorylation on its activation status, gamma-PAK autophosphorylation was conducted in the presence or absence of activators such as Cdc42 and histone II-AS, followed by tryptic digestion and comparative two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping. The major phosphopeptides were subjected to a combination of manual and automated amino acid sequencing. Overall, eight autophosphorylation sites were identified in Cdc42-activated gamma-PAK, six of which are in common with those previously reported in alpha-PAK, while Ser-19 and Ser-165 appear to be uniquely phosphorylated in the gamma-form. Further, the phosphorylation of Ser-141, Ser-165, and Thr-402 was found to correlate with gamma-PAK activation.
Synthesis and <sup>1</sup>H NMR study of aromatic poly(amide‐thioether)s (1992)

Abstract The synthesis of aromatic poly(amide‐thioether)s by reaction between 4,4′‐thiodianiline, 4,4′‐thiodibenzoic acid and 4‐(4‐aminophenylthio)benzoic acid is studied. Depending on the initial monomer ratio, polymers with head‐to‐head, head‐to‐tail or statistical distribution of amido groups along the polymer chains were obtained. Corresponding triads effects were observed in the 1 H NMR spectra and assigned. The synthesis of the same aromatic poly(amidethioether)s by reaction between dichlorobenzanilides and Na 2 S is also studied. Only the Cl substituents in para position to a carbonyl groups are reactive and a head‐to‐head poly(amidethioether) was obtained by reaction of N,N ′‐thiobis(1,4‐phenylene)‐di‐4‐chlorobenzamide (2f) with Na 2 S.
RF refocussed variable flip angle MRI using optimal pulse modulation (1988)

Comparison of the RF refocused spin echo sequence experiment with the gradient reversal refocused spin echo sequence (for partial-flip-angle magnetic resonance imaging using sinc amplitude-modulated RF waveforms) has shown that the generally observed loss in enhancement of the signal at low flip angles for the RF refocused method can be attributed to the poor slice profile of the phase reversal pulse. Using a tailored RF refocusing pulse which improves the slice profile, the expected enhancement of signal at low flip angles has been improved to a level similar to that observed with gradient reversal sequences. This technique has important applications for partial flip imaging because it allows the use of RF refocused sequences, and the elimination of the intensity distortions that have hampered the clinical application of partial-flip-angle imaging with gradient refocusing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Luminescence and magnetic properties of Co doped ZnO nanocrystals (2009)

We report on the optical and magnetic properties of Co doped ZnO nanocrystals (NCs). With surface capping treatment by TOPO, the Co doped ZnO NCs show ferromagnetic ordering even at room temperature, while the NCs without the capping treatment show paramagnetic. We compared the photoluminescence (PL) properties between ferromagnetic and paramagnetic NCs, and found that the PL intensity from Co intra d-d transition increases in ferromagnetic NCs. Our results imply that the ferromagnetic property is related to the reduction of the deep bound states at the NCs surface.
Multiplex Assay (2016)

Biomolecular screening is now a crucial component of the drug discovery process, and this glossary will be of use to practitioners in the field of screening and to those who interact with the screening community. The glossary contains definitions related to various aspects of the screening process such as assay types, data handling, and relevant technologies. Many of the terms used in this discipline are not covered by existing glossaries, and where they are, the definitions are often not appropriate for this field. Where appropriate, this document provides new or modified definitions to better reflect the new context. The field of biomolecular screening is multidisciplinary in nature, and this glossary, containing authoritative definitions, will be useful not only for regular practitioners, but also for those who make use of data generated during the screening process.
2006 Poster Abstracts (2006)

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An approach towards solving <scp>3D</scp> information by combining quantitative <scp>ADF STEM</scp> and <scp>EDX</scp> (2016)

Annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF STEM) is an invaluable tool for materials characterisation, providing atomic scale information of materials structure and defects. ADF STEM in particular produces images where the intensity contains both composition and thickness information. In fact, through careful quantification of the intensity itself it becomes possible to extract quantitative information and even atom counting. Typically this is either done through comparison with careful standards, comparison with simulations or via statistical methods. For single element nanoparticles it becomes possible to estimate their 3D structure from atom counting and then applying an energy minimisation [1]. Silicon drift detectors (SDDs) have opened up a new era in energy dispersive x‐ray (EDX) microanalysis at the nanometre and even sub‐nanometre scales. The improved detector design allows for larger devices and therefore increased solid angles for x‐ray collection. This provides a significant improvement in x‐ray count rates such that atomic resolution maps and x‐ray tomography are both now possible. In addition, aberration correction in the STEM allows the use of larger probe‐forming apertures to produce increased beam currents in much smaller probes. The combined result provides huge improvements in x‐ray counts from small volumes leading to the potential for improved quantitative analysis at the nanometre scale and below. In the same way that the scattering cross section, σ, can be calculated from ADF image intensity [2] and for ionisation edges in EELS [3], it is possible to calculate an EDX partial cross section using an approach that demonstrates similarities with the ζ‐factor method [4]. This quantification method was applied to PtCo alloy nanoparticles that have been acid‐leached to provide platinum enrichment (or rather cobalt depletion) at the particle surface. It is possible to quantify the levels of cobalt depletion in the first few atomic layers of the particle, showing that the leaching produces a localised surface depletion that can only be determined by this high resolution EDX quantification [5], [6]. Both of these methods of quantification can be used to yield a range of information about the structure of our material when used individual. Here we look at the potential information which can be achieved through combining the information from each technique. In particular we look at extracting 3D information of bimetallic fuel cell catalysts.
ARTIFACT FORMATION DURING NEUTRALIZATION OF TANK 50 SAMPLES (2014)

Degradation products have been identified in the extracts of Tank 50 samples analyzed by semivolatile organic compound analysis (SVOA) using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). These materials, identified as short chain alkyl alcohols, were formed by acidification during sample preparation. A number of questions were raised about the formation of these and other materials reported in Tank 50 surface samples, and this report serves to address these questions.
ChemInform Abstract: Seven‐Membered Ring Azasugars as Glycosidase Inhibitors and Anticancer Agents. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Antiangiogenic Therapy Against Experimental Glioblastoma Using Genetically Engineered Cells Producing Interferon-α, Angiostatin, or Endostatin (2003)

Inhibition of angiogenesis has been considered among the most promising approaches to treat highly vascularized solid tumors such as glioblastoma. In this study, we designed and validated a new in vitro assay system based on the implantation of tumor cells into organotypic brain slice cultures. We evaluated the effects of local production of three endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis, angiostatin, endostatin, and interferon (IFN)-alpha(1), using stably transfected rat (9L) and human (GL15) glioblastoma cells on tumor vascularization and growth. Despite similar effectiveness of the three proteins in a classic in vitro endothelial cell migration assay, IFN-alpha(1) demonstrated the most potent antiangiogenic effect in organotypic brain slice cultures. In vivo, after intracerebral implantation of such genetically modified glioblastoma cells, IFN-alpha(1) caused a dramatic decrease in tumor volume revealed by magnetic resonance imaging and by postmortem histology. The mechanisms of this antitumor effect were most likely caused by the major antiangiogenic action of the cytokine, because IFN-alpha(1) expression provoked a pronounced decrease in blood vessel density, which was accompanied by extensive necrosis in the body mass of the tumors. The median survival time of rats implanted intracerebrally with IFN-alpha-expressing 9L cells tripled, and was still significantly increased when these constituted only 1% of transplanted tumor cells. A similar effect was seen when 50% of the transplanted cells were replaced by IFN-alpha-expressing bone marrow stromal cells. These data point to the local delivery of IFN-alpha(1) using cell vectors as a potent tool for the inhibition of tumor-induced angiogenesis.
A new technique to obtain a fast thermocouple sensor for thermal diffusivity measurements in an extended temperature range (1993)

An improved ac method to measure the thermal diffusivity in an extended temperature range is presented. The basic idea is to solder thermocouple wires directly on the sample, so that the sample itself acts as a thermocouple junction and the relaxation time for the temperature measurement becomes negligible. This new technique allows one to measure smaller samples and to increase the frequency of measurement so that the thermal losses could in principle be completely neglected. Finally, by the particular geometry a concurrent measurement of the electrical resistivity is obtained.