gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exponentiation cryptosystems on the IBM PC (1990)

Several cryptosystems based on exponentiation have been proposed in recent years. Some of these are of the public key variety and offer notable advantages in cryptographic key management, both for secret communication and for message authentication. The need for extensive arithmetic calculations with very large integers (hundreds of digits long) is a drawback of these systems. This paper describes a set of experimental programs that were developed to demonstrate that exponentiation cryptosystems can be efficiently implemented on the IBM Personal Computer (PC). The programs are organized into four layers, comprising procedures for: multiple precision integer arithmetic, modular exponentiation, prime number generation and testing, and cryptographic key generation. The major emphasis of the paper is on methods and techniques for improving execution speed. The items discussed include: the use of a specialized squaring procedure; a recursive splitting method to speed up squaring and multiplication; the computation of residues by using multiplication instead of division; the efficient encoding of residue information; and the use of thresholds to select the most effective primality testing algorithm for a given size number. Timing results are presented and discussed. Finally, the paper discusses the advantages of a mixed system that combines the superior key management capabilities inherent in public key cryptosystems with the much higher bulk-encryption speed obtainable with the Data Encryption Algorithm.
Phenolics and Plant Allelopathy (2010)

Phenolic compounds arise from the shikimic and acetic acid (polyketide) metabolic pathways in plants. They are but one category of the many secondary metabolites implicated in plant allelopathy. Phenolic allelochemicals have been observed in both natural and managed ecosystems, where they cause a number of ecological and economic problems, such as declines in crop yield due to soil sickness, regeneration failure of natural forests, and replanting problems in orchards. Phenolic allelochemical structures and modes of action are diverse and may offer potential lead compounds for the development of future herbicides or pesticides. This article reviews allelopathic effects, analysis methods, and allelopathic mechanisms underlying the activity of plant phenolic compounds. Additionally, the currently debated topic in plant allelopathy of whether catechin and 8-hydroxyquinoline play an important role in Centaurea maculata and Centaurea diffusa invasion success is discussed. Overall, the main purpose of this review is to highlight the allelopacthic potential of phenolic compounds to provide us with methods to solve various ecology problems, especially in regard to the sustainable development of agriculture, forestry, nature resources and environment conservation.
A versatile approach to oligostilbenoid natural products – synthesis of permethylated analogues of viniferifuran, malibatol A, and shoreaphenol (2009)

A highly practical route to oligostilbenoid natural products is described. A regioselective Bi(OTf)3-catalyzed cyclodehydration provided ready access to 3-arylbenzofuran. Pd-catalyzed direct C-H activation of benzofuran and subsequent cross-coupling with aryl halide was successfully implemented for the introduction of aryl group at the C2 position of benzofuran. Further manipulation of the 2,3-diarylbenzofuran led to the efficient total synthesis of permethylated analogues of viniferifuran, malibatol A, and shoreaphenol.
Association Analysis Reveals Genetic Variation Altering Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice (2012)

Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease of significant morbidity, with an incompletely defined genetic basis. Here, we combine linkage and association studies to identify genetic variations associated with pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Mice were treated with bleomycin by osmotic minipump, and pulmonary fibrosis was histologically assessed 6 weeks later. Fibrosis was mapped in C57BL6/J (fibrosis-susceptible) × A/J (fibrosis-resistant) F2 mice, and the major identified linkage intervals were evaluated in consomic mice. Genome-wide and linkage-interval genes were assessed for their association with fibrosis, using phenotypic data from 23 inbred strains and the murine single-nucleotide polymorphism map. Susceptibility to pulmonary fibrosis mapped to a locus on chromosome 17, which was verified with consomic mice, and to three additional suggestive loci that may interact with alleles on chromosome 17 to affect the trait in F2 mice. Two of the loci, including the region on chromosome 17, are homologous to previously mapped loci of human idiopathic fibrosis. Of the 23 phenotyped murine strains, four developed significant fibrosis, and the majority presented minimal disease. Genome-wide and linkage region-specific association studies revealed 11 pulmonary expressed genes (including the autophagy gene Cep55, and Masp2, which is a complement component) to contain polymorphisms significantly associated with bleomycin-induced fibrotic lung disease. In conclusion, genomic approaches were used to identify linkage intervals and specific genetic variations associated with pulmonary fibrosis in mice. The common loci and similarities in phenotype suggest these findings to be of relevance to clinical pulmonary fibrosis.
Palladium-catalysed heteroannulation of [60]fullerene with N-benzyl sulfonamides and subsequent functionalisation (2012)

The palladium-catalysed heteroannulation of [60]fullerene with various N-benzyl sulfonamides via C-H bond activation affords [60]fullerene-fused tetrahydroisoquinolines. In the presence of a Brønsted acid [60]fullerene-fused tetrahydroisoquinolines are transformed to [60]fullerene-fused indanes, in which the sulfonamide group can be removed or replaced with an aryl group.
Survival, mutagenesis, and host cell reactivation in a Chinese hamster ovary cell <i>ERCC1</i> knock-out mutant (1997)

Positive selection-negative selection gene targeting was used to disrupt the nucleotide excision repair gene ERCC1 in a Chinese hamster ovary cell line, CHO-K1. Southern and Northern analysis showed that a cell clone isolated by this targeting approach, CHO-7-27, had an ERCC1 gene structure consistent with targeted disruption of ERCC1 exon V, and did not express ERCC1 mRNA. CHO-7-27 was further characterized with respect to UV and mitomycin C sensitivities, and was shown to exhibit severe mutagen sensitivity phenotypes consistent with those of other CHO cell ERCC1 mutants. Mutation frequency experiments showed that CHO-7-27 was UV-hypermutable at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase locus. Experiments assessing host cell reactivation of viral DNA synthesis for UV-irradiated adenovirus showed that CHO7-27 exhibited a severely deficient HCR phenotype similar to that of UV20 cells. Our results demonstrate that CHOK1 cells are hemizygous for the ERCC1 gene, and show that the comparatively mild mutagen sensitivities and lack of severely deficient HCR phenotypes of conventionally derived CHO-K1 ERCC1 mutants, in contrast to the severe phenotypes of CHO-AA8-derived mutants, are not due to any intrinsic genetic differences between CHO-K1 and CHO-AA8 parental cell lines.
Characterization of a thermally imidized soluble polyimide film (1990)

Abstract A soluble aromatic poly (amic acid) film was converted to a soluble polyimide by staging at 25°C intervals to 325°C and characterized at each interval by several analytical methods. The behavior observed was consistent with an interpretation that a reduction occurred in molecular weight of the poly (amic acid) during the initial stages of cure before the ultimate molecular weight was achieved as a polyimide. This interpretation was supported by the results of solution viscosity, gel permeation chromatography, low angle laser light scattering photometry, and infrared spectroscopy analyses. The results of this study serve to increase our fundamental understanding of how polyimides are thermally formed from poly (amic acid)s.
GaN MOS device using SiO<sub>2</sub>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> insulator grown by photoelectrochemical oxidation method (2003)

We report on a SiO/sub 2/-Ga/sub 2/O/sub 3/ gate insulator stack directly grown on n-type GaN by the photoelectrochemical oxidation method. The resultant MOS devices are fabricated using standard photolithography and liftoff techniques. The effect of annealing temperature on the SiO/sub 2/-Ga/sub 2/O/sub 3//n-type GaN MOS devices is investigated. The properties of high breakdown field, low gate leakage current, and low interface state density are investigated for the MOS devices.
AMPK as a mediator of hormonal signalling (2009)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key molecular player in energy homeostasis at both cellular and whole-body levels. AMPK has been shown to mediate the metabolic effects of hormones such as leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, glucocorticoids and insulin as well as cannabinoids. Generally, activated AMPK stimulates catabolic pathways (glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis) and inhibits anabolic pathways (gluconeogenesis, glycogen, fatty acid and protein synthesis), and has a direct appetite-regulating effect in the hypothalamus. Drugs that activate AMPK, namely metformin and thiazolidinediones, are often used to treat metabolic disorders. Thus, AMPK is now recognised as a potential target for the treatment of obesity and associated co-morbidities.
Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding the beta subunit of the mitochondrial ATP synthase from<i>Zea mays</i> (1990)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding the beta subunit of the mitochondrial ATP synthase from Zea mays Get access B.M. Winning, B.M. Winning * * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. Bathgate, B. Bathgate 1Department of Microbiology, The King's Buildings, University of EdinburghMayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P.E. Purdue, P.E. Purdue 2Biochemical Genetics Research Group, MRC Clinical Research CentreWatford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C.J. Leaver C.J. Leaver 3Department of Plant Sciences, University of OxfordSouth Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 19, 11 October 1990, Page 5885, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.19.5885 Published: 11 October 1990 Article history Received: 28 August 1990 Published: 11 October 1990
Ophthalmic antihistamines and H1–H4 receptors (2012)

This review summarizes the relative potency of antihistamines based on their binding affinities to the four histamine receptors. Although data on binding affinities of antihistamines to the H4 receptor are sparse, it is apparent that further research on these histamine subtypes may open new venues for more direct treatment with a higher therapeutic efficacy on allergic disorders including those affecting the ocular surface.
Smooth and coherent layers of GaAs and AlAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1976)

Periodic ultrathin layers of GaAs and AlAs with a few periods have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy under computer control. For such structures, x-ray scattering measurements at small angles show a series of principal and secondary interference peaks. The results are in good agreement with theoretical calculations, giving evidence to a degree of smoothness and coherency on the scale of atomic dimensions. Furthermore, the nonuniformity in thickness over a relatively large sample area is shown to be governed by the geometry of the growth system.
<title>Multistatic sonar tracking</title> (2003)

Multistatic active sonar has significant potential for littoral surveillance. This paper describes a multistatic tracking algorithm, and provides performance analysis with both simulated and real multistatic sonar data. We find that sensor fusion and target tracking provided significant value added in the sonar processing chain. In particular, we are able to drastically reduce the number of objects that an operator must contend with, both by removing large numbers of false contacts as well as by associating true contacts and establishing tracks on moving targets and fixed clutter points. The association of contacts allows for recursive filtering algorithms to process kinematic measurements and provides localization and velocity information with much smaller errors than are present in multistatic contact data.
Selective induction of gene expression and second-messenger accumulation in Dictyostelium discoideum by the partial chemotactic antagonist 8-p-chlorophenylthioadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. (1991)

During development of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum, cAMP induces chemotaxis and expression of different classes of genes by means of interaction with surface cAMP receptors. We describe a cAMP derivative, 8-p-chlorophenylthioadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-CPT-cAMP), which inhibits cAMP-induced chemotaxis at low concentrations but induces chemotaxis at supersaturating concentrations. This compound, moreover, selectively activates expression of aggregative genes but not of postaggregative genes. 8-CPT-cAMP induces normal cGMP and cAMP accumulation but in contrast to cAMP, which increases inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate levels, 8-CPT-cAMP decreases inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate levels. The derivative induces reduced activation of guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins, which may cause its defective activation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production. Our data suggest that disruption of inositolphospholipid signaling impairs chemotaxis and expression of a subclass of cAMP-regulated genes.
Plantar Pressure Assessment (2000)

Measurements of plantar pressure provide an indication of foot and ankle functions during gait and other functional activities, because the foot and ankle provide both the necessary support and flexibility for weight bearing and weight shifting while performing these activities.1–3 Although plantar pressure data have been recognized as an important element in the assessment of clients with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy, information derived from plantar pressure data also can assist in determining and managing the impairments associated with various musculoskeletal, integumentary, and neurological disorders.

The use of force platforms is the method most commonly used to assess the interaction of the foot and supporting surface. Although the force platform provides valuable information regarding both the vertical and shear components of the ground reaction force, it provides little information on how the planter surface of the foot is loaded with respect to the supporting surface. When evaluating patients, atypical amounts of loading or patterns of loading may be reflective of a systemic or localized lower-extremity pathology and may be indicators (risk factors) for or predictors of further pathology or worsening of the existing pathology.4 In addition, force platforms have very specific requirements for attachment to the supporting surface on which data collection will occur. Such is not the case with numerous commercially available systems for measuring plantar pressure (eg, Emed sensor platform, * Pedar insole system, * F-Scan system,† Musgrave footprint system‡). Thus, plantar pressure measurement systems offer the clinician a high degree of portability, permitting utilization among multiple clinic sites.

Pressure (p) (also called “stress”) is defined as force (f) per unit area (a) (ie, p=f/a).5 Force , when measured using a force platform, is the net result of the 3 components of the ground reaction or resultant force acting on the foot. …
Chemical history of the Earth's core (1986)

This chapter contains sections titled: Solid? Gas? Iron? Seismic Evidence Fluidity of the Core Inner Core Is the Core Really Iron? Ramsey's Hypothesis Refutation of Ramsey's Hypothesis Origin of the Core Conclusions
Excision Margins in High-Risk Malignant Melanoma (2004)

A 1-cm margin of excision for melanoma with a poor prognosis (as defined by a tumor thickness of at least 2 mm) is associated with a significantly greater risk of regional recurrence than is a 3-cm margin, but with a similar overall survival rate.
Auto-generating access control policies for applications by static analysis with user input recognition (2010)

Applications are typically executed in the security context of the user. Nonetheless, they do not need all the access rights. Since software vulnerabilities based attacks are not rare nowadays, executing applications with minimal rights (least privileges) is desirable. Attackers would only be able to access a fraction of resources. The state-of-the-art on application-based access control policy generation does not generate least privileges policies. They include generic access rights for user resources (e.g. the home directory), since accesses by the user cannot be predicted. This paper distinguishes resource accesses initiated by the application from those initiated by the user and generates an application policy, which only contains access rights that are not derived from user interaction. The so generated policy satisfies the principle of least privileges. User initiated accesses are handled separately at runtime. In this paper, a call graph based static analysis approach for application policy generation is chosen, which is augmented by an additional string analysis to identify user input propagating through the application's control flow, until it reaches permission checks. This way, user initiated accesses are determined and filtered. The policy is auto-generated at development time with little effort for the developer.
Generation of Isthmic Organizer-Like Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells. (2018)

The objective of this study was to induce the production of isthmic organizer (IsO)-like cells capable of secreting fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 8 and WNT1 from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The precise modulation of canonical Wnt signaling was achieved in the presence of the small molecule CHIR99021 (0.6 μM) during the neural induction of human ESCs, resulting in the differentiation of these cells into IsO-like cells having a midbrain-hindbrain border (MHB) fate in a manner that recapitulated their developmental course <i>in vivo</i>. Resultant cells showed upregulated expression levels of <i>FGF8</i> and <i>WNT1</i>. The addition of exogenous FGF8 further increased <i>WNT1</i> expression by 2.6 fold. Gene ontology following microarray analysis confirmed that IsO-like cells enriched the expression of MHB-related genes by 40 fold compared to control cells. Lysates and conditioned media of IsO-like cells contained functional FGF8 and WNT1 proteins that could induce MHB-related genes in differentiating ESCs. The method for generating functional IsO-like cells described in this study could be used to study human central nervous system development and congenital malformations of the midbrain and hindbrain.
Accumulation of L-phenylalanine by segments of small intestine (1961)

Segments of hamster small intestine accumulate l-phenylalanine from an in vitro solution without degradation of the amino acid. Uptake by the segments equilibrates in about 20 minutes, while transport of the amino acid across intestinal sacs requires nearly 1 hour. This suggests that the initial event preceding transintestinal transport is cellular uptake of l-phenylalanine. Concentration of the amino acid in the wall of intestinal sacs during l-phenylalanine transport was equal to or greater than that in the serosal fluid. Hence it is possible that intramural accumulation is the active process and outward diffusion from wall to serosa is the passive event. Dependence of segmental uptake of l-phenylalanine on external concentration, and its increased magnitude in midintestinal segments, resembles the process occurring in intestinal sacs. On the basis of the time course of events, concentration within the wall, and concentration and site dependence, it is proposed that intestinal uptake of l-phenylalanine is the initial and essential event in its transport. For l-phenylalanine uptake, the K M calculated from initial rate data was identical to that found from equilibrium data. Usefulness of intestinal segment uptake in determining initial rates and other parameters is pointed out.
Synthesis and structural characterization of a new ruthenium-gold cluster complex: Ru3(.mu.-AuPPh3)(.mu.-Cl)(CO)10 (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and structural characterization of a new ruthenium-gold cluster complex: Ru3(.mu.-AuPPh3)(.mu.-Cl)(CO)10Guy Lavigne, Foune Papageorgiou, and Jean Jacques BonnetCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 5, 609–613Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00173a024RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (622 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Downregulation of HOXC6 in Serous Ovarian Cancer (2015)

Homeobox (HOX) genes encode transcription factors critical to morphogenesis and cell differentiation. Although dysregulation of several HOX genes in ovarian cancer has been reported, little is known about HOXC6 expression in epithelial ovarian cancer. In this report, analysis of laser capture microdissected samples determined HOXC6 expression patterns in normal versus malignant serous ovarian carcinoma tissues. HOXC6 protein was quantified by ELISA in parallel serum samples and further validated in a larger cohort of serum samples collected from women with and without serous ovarian carcinoma. These data demonstrate significant downregulation of HOXC6 in serous ovarian cancer.
Diffractive optics and computer generated holograms for optical interconnects (2002)

Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) and computer generated holograms (CGHs) can be fabricated with microelectronic technology. Therefore, they can play important roles in the packaging of optically interconnected multi-chip-modules as well as other electronic systems. In this paper, we will identify the varieties of DOEs and CGHs needed in single- and multi-stage optoelectronic interconnection networks, and present several fabricated examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Windows XP Hacks (2003)

Completely revised and updated, this smart collection of insider tips and tricks covers the XP operating system from start to finish, including all the new features that come with Service Pack 2 (SP2). You'll also find timesaving hacks for security, file distribution, digital media, web browsing, and more. An ideal all-in-one resource for XP beginners, as well as more experienced power users.