gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantum-nondemolition measurement of photon number using radiation pressure (1994)

We propose a quantum-nondemolition measurement of the amplitude quadrature and the photon-number statistics by using the effect of radiation pressure on a freely suspended mirror. We propose to measure the momentum fluctuations of the mirror which will give us a readout of the amplitude quadrature fluctuations. The scheme we propose is able to avoid the back-action noise leaving the state of the field after the measurement practically undegraded.
Ozonolysis of Acetals. (<i>1</i>) Ester Synthesis, (<i>2</i>) THP Ether Cleavage, (<i>3</i>) Selective Oxidation of β-Glycoside, (<i>4</i>) Oxidative Removal of Benzylidene and Ethylidene Protecting Groups (1971)

Ozone reacts very smoothly with acetals to give the corresponding esters. Tetrahydropyranyl ethers, β-glycopyranosides, ethylidene, or benzylidene derivatives are also oxidized whereas the α-glycopyranosides are inert.
Automatic preshaping for a dextrous hand from a simple description of objects (2002)

Human grasping has been studied intensively and has shown that during the reaching phase of grasping, the hand preshapes in order to prepare the 'shape matching' with the object. A preshape represents a class of configurations, among which one is executed by adjusting the fingers against the object. Preshaping is guided by visual data providing with the object description. The expected object modelling for preshaping is very far from classical CAD models: the shape must be described as being rather round, flat, thin, long, among others; size may be, for example, rather small or large. A major issue addressed in this work is the automatic extraction of such a model from low-level visual data. A system for preshaping a planar bi-fingered hand with four joints grasping planar objects is described: the input is a bitmap of the object from which size and shape descriptions are extracted and used for preshape selection; a preshape is executed using a potential field approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In vivo photoacoustic microscopy of human skin (2010)

Microcirculation is an important component of the cardiovascular system and can be used to assess systemic cardiovascular health. Numerous studies have investigated cutaneous microcirculation as an indicator of cardiovascular related diseases. Such research has shown promising results; however, there are many limitations regarding the employed measurement techniques, such as poor depth and spatial resolution and measurement versatility. Here we show the results of functional cutaneous microvascular experiments measured with photoacoustic microscopy, which provides high spatial resolution and multiparameter measurements. In a set of experiments, microvascular networks located in the palms of volunteers were perturbed by periodic ischemic events, and the subsequent hemodynamic response to the stimulus was recorded. Results indicate that during periods of arterial occlusion, the relative oxygen saturation of the capillary vessels decreased below resting levels, and temporarily increased above resting levels immediately following the occlusion. Furthermore, a hyperemic reaction to the occlusions was measured, and the observation agreed well with similar measurements using more conventional imaging techniques. Due to its exceptional capability to functionally image vascular networks with high spatial resolution, photoacoustic microscopy could be a beneficial biomedical tool to assess microvascular functioning and applied to patients with diseases that affect cardiovascular health.
Rigid cone calix[4]arenes as π-donor systems: complexation of organic molecules and ammonium ions in organic media (1996)

One step synthesis of calix[4]arene biscrowns, with a rigid cone structure and alkyl or phenyl groups at the ‘upper rim’, has been performed. The binding ability of these rigidified cone calix[4]arenes 1–4,13 has been evaluated, in apolar organic media, towards neutral organic molecules and ammonium cation salts. Comparison with more flexible analogues 5,6,11 shows that only rigid cone calix[4]arenes are able to complex organic species. The association constants strongly depend on the type of substituents present at the upper rim. The X-ray crystal structure of the endo complex p-cyclohexyl-25,26-27,28-biscrown-3-calix[4]arene 3 with CH3NO2 has been resolved.
Estimating Drift in Cold-Formed Steel Frame Structures (2006)

Over the past decade, the cold-formed steel industry, both in the US and worldwide, has seen a significant increase in number of practical design guidelines and standards developed to facilitate structural design in residential, commercial and institutional buildings. One of these new standards, the 2004 American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) Design Standard — Lateral Design, provided designers with the necessary tools to better investigate, understand and engineer structures to comply with the wind and seismic provisions of the local building codes, particularly in regions with high wind and seismic risks. Where design for lateral loads is a concern, one important consideration is the distribution of lateral forces in accordance with the relative stiffness of the diaphragm and the in-plane wall bracing. Additionally, in seismic resistant design because interstory lateral displacements (drifts) are restricted, it is necessary to be able to computed expected inelastic lateral displacements. In this paper, the current provisions for estimating the lateral displacement of conventional CFS shear walls are reviewed and discussed. A comparison of inelastic drifts based on the Lateral Standard equations and inelastic estimates using the provisions of the 2003 International building is also presented and recommendations for future research are suggested.
Traveltime Tomography And Nonlinear Constrained Optimization (2005)

Fermat's principle of least traveltime states that first arrivals follow ray paths with the smallest overall traveltime from the point of transmission to the point of reception. This principle determines a definite convex set of feasible slowness models - depending only on the traveltime data - for the fully nonlinear traveltime inversion problem. The existence of such a convex set allows us to transform the inversion problem into a nonlinear constrained optimization problem. Fermat's principle also shows that the standard undamped least-squares solution to the inversion problem always produces a slowness model with many ray paths having traveltime shorter than the measured traveltirne (an impossibility even if the trial ray paths are not the true ray paths). In a damped least-squares inversion, the damping parameter may be varied to allow efficient location of a slowness model on the feasibility boundary.
Using CONFIG for Simulation of Operation of Water Recovery Subsystems for Advanced Control Software Evaluation (2002)

A hyb rid discrete/continuous simulation tool, CONFIG, has been developed to support evaluation of the operability life support systems.CON FIG simulates operations scenarios in which flows and pressures change continuously while system reconfigurations occur as discrete events.In simulations, intelligent control software can interact dynamically with hardware system models.CONFIG simulations have been used to evaluate control software and intelligent agents for automating life support systems operations.A CON FIG model of an advanced biological water recovery system has been developed to interact with intelligent control software that is being used in a water system test at NASA Johnson Space Center.
Frontolimbic neural circuitry at 6 months predicts individual differences in joint attention at 9 months (2012)

Elucidating the neural basis of joint attention in infancy promises to yield important insights into the development of language and social cognition, and directly informs developmental models of autism. We describe a new method for evaluating responding to joint attention performance in infancy that highlights the 9- to 10-month period as a time interval of maximal individual differences. We then demonstrate that fractional anisotropy in the right uncinate fasciculus, a white matter fiber bundle connecting the amygdala to the ventral-medial prefrontal cortex and anterior temporal pole, measured in 6-month-olds predicts individual differences in responding to joint attention at 9 months of age. The white matter microstructure of the right uncinate was not related to receptive language ability at 9 months. These findings suggest that the development of core nonverbal social communication skills in infancy is largely supported by preceding developments within right lateralized frontotemporal brain systems.
Prion Genetics: New Rules for a New Kind of Gene (2004)

Just as nucleic acids can carry out enzymatic reactions, proteins can be genes. These heritable infectious proteins (prions) follow unique genetic rules that enable their identification: reversible curing, inducible "spontaneous generation," and phenotype surprises. Most prions are based on self-propagating amyloids, depend heavily on chaperones, show strain phenomena and, like other infectious elements, show species barriers to transmission. A recently identified prion is based on obligatory self-activation of an enzyme in trans. Although prions can be detrimental, they may also be beneficial to their hosts.
Surviving Bacterial Sibling Rivalry: Inducible and Reversible Phenotypic Switching in Paenibacillus dendritiformis (2011)

In favorable environments, species may face space and nutrient limits due to overcrowding. Bacteria provide an excellent model for analyzing principles underlying overcrowding and regulation of density in nature, since their population dynamics can be easily and accurately assessed under controlled conditions. We describe a newly discovered mechanism for survival of a bacterial population during overcrowding. When competing with sibling colonies, Paenibacillus dendritiformis produces a lethal protein (Slf) that kills cells at the interface of encroaching colonies. Slf also induces a small proportion of the cells to switch from motile, rod-shaped cells to nonmotile, Slf-resistant, vegetative cocci. When crowding is reduced and nutrients are no longer limiting, the bacteria produce a signal that induces cocci to switch back to motile rods, allowing the population to spread. Genes encoding components of this phenotypic switching pathway are widespread among bacterial species, suggesting that this survival mechanism is not unique to P. dendritiformis.
Dynamic field on 40-MeV<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>traversing magnetized iron (1978)

Previous experiments have demonstrated the existence of large dynamic magnetic fields that act on positive heavy ions traversing magnetized iron. These studies have been extended to the limit of ionization and to $\frac{v}{c}=0.68$ by using spin-polarized muons. The angular precession of the spin of ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}$ particles which traversed magnetized-iron plates and stopped in aluminum was measured. Decay positrons were detected at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, and 270\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. Relative phases of the corresponding muon-spin-rotation spectra were obtained as a function of the magnetization direction in the iron. After subtracting the phase shift resulting from the saturation magnetization in the iron and the fringing fields, the experimental result for the dynamic field $\ensuremath{\Delta}B=\ensuremath{-}0.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.6$ kG is obtained, in agreement with theoretical expectations for very fast totally stripped ions.
Organic light-emitting diodes using a novel family of amorphous molecular materials containing an oligothiophene moiety as colour-tunable emitting materials (1999)

A novel family of amorphous molecular materials containing an oligothiophene moiety with varying conjugation length function as thermally and morphologically stable, colour-tunable emitting materials for organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Tuning of the emission colour from light blue to orange is achieved by varying the conjugation length of the oligothiophene moiety. Double-layer organic LEDs that use this novel class of amorphous molecular materials as an emitting layer and tris(quinolin-8-olato)aluminium or 1,3,5-tris[5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]benzene as an electron-transport layer exhibit high performances.
Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in rural and urban Puriscal (1992)

Articulo cientifico -- Universidad de Costa Rica. Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud, 1992. Debido a las politicas de la revista en la que el articulo fue publicado no es posible distribuir la version del editor/PDF.
Nicotinamide and Its Methyltransferase as Apparent Inhibitors of tRNA Methylase (1972)

An inhibitor for tRNA methylase was isolated and crystallized from the high speed supernatant fraction of rat liver by Dowex-50 (H+) column chromatography, and was identified as nicotinamide. Another nondialyzable protein factor was, however, shown to be required for the demonstration of the inhibitory action of nicotinamide. This factor was tentatively identified as nicotinamide methyltransferase [EC 2. 1. 1. 1]. Kinetic analyses indicated that the inhibitory action of both factors on tRNA methylase appeared to be attributed to the competition of tRNA and nicotinamide transmethylases for a common substrate, S-adenosylmethionine.
A conformational analysis of gramicidin S-A by nuclear magnetic resonance. (1968)

Currently there is great interest in the precise conformation of complicated natural products in solution. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NiVIR) has great promise in this connection and has made possible a high degree of sophistication in the conformational analysis of the steroids. However, less progress has been made with peptides. In this paper, we wish to report our analysis of 100and 220-AMc N1\MIR spectra of the cyclic antibiotic decapeptide gramicidin S-A in solution. Methods.-Proton magnetic resonance spectra were obtained on Varian Associates high-resolution spectrometers operating at 100 and 220 Mc. The internal reference was tetramethylsilane (TMS), which appears at 0 ppm in all spectra. Sample colncentrations were 3-6%o (gm/100 ml). The normal operating temperature was 320. Gramicidin S-A was isolated from a crude preparation by countercurrent distributionib and lyophilized in glacial acetic acid. Deuterated dimethylsulfoxide (DMS0) and deuterated methanol (CD30D) were purchased from NMR specialties. DMSO-d6 was dried when necessary over calcium hydride. Results and Discussion. A twofold axis of molecular symmetry in the crystal has been demonstrated for gramicidin-S by X-ray crystallography.2 From the known amino acid sequence,3' 4 it seemed likely that this conformation would hold in solution; this is confirmed by the NMIR results reported here. Ten amino acid residues, two of each kind, are present. The strong single resonance band at 7.3 ppm in CD30D (and in DMSO if the partially interfering amide signal is subtracted, see later) must result from the ten aromatic protons of the two phernylalanines. With this as a basic inference, integration under the peak areas assigned to amide bands then corresponds to two protons for each of four regions, although these areas are not all clearly separated by a single solvent and temperature condition. Their assignment to a particular amino acid residue is made possible by decoupling and deuterium exchange experiments as outlined below. The assignments of the proton chemical shifts in the gramicidin S-A spectra are based on the following: (a) comparison with NMVIR spectra of constituent amino acids and known peptides; (b) spectra taken on instruments of varying field strengths (60, 100, and 220 Mc); (c) spectra taken in solvents that promote and solvents that prohibit proton exchange; (d) double resonance experiments; and (e) variable temperature spectra. Decoupling experiments were necessary in order (a) to show that the splitting of the amide proton peaks was due to spin-spin interaction and not to chemical shifts (a fact also proved by the invariability of the amide coupling constants in both the 100and 220-Mic spectra) and (b) to determine which Ca, C:, and NH protons are coupled together. The coupling constants between these types of protons will be designated Ja,3 and JNC. A knowledge of these should define the stereochemistry around the C -C and N-C bonds.
Synthese enantiomerenreiner 1,7-Dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane, einer Pheromonkomponente der Olivenfliege(Dacus oleae) (1984)

Spiroacetale als flüchtige Kommunikationssubstanzen von Insekten finden zunehmend Interesse. Ausgehend von D-Glucose konnten nun erstmals beide Enantiomere von 1,7-Dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan 1 synthetisiert werden. Die entscheidende Zwischenstufe ist ein Dithioacetal.
Hierarchical stochastic diffusion for disparity estimation (2002)

This paper proposes a stochastic approach to estimate the disparity field combined with line field. In the maximum a posteriori (MAP) method based on Markov random field (MRF) model, it is important to optimize and converge the Gibbs potential function corresponding to the perturbed disparity field. The proposed optimization method, stochastic diffusion, takes advantage of the probabilistic distribution of the neighborhood fields, and diffuses the Gibbs potential space to be stable iteratively. By using the neighborhood distribution in the non-random and non-deterministic diffusion, the stochastic diffusion improves both the estimation accuracy and the convergence speed. In the paper, the hierarchical stochastic diffusion is also applied to the disparity field. The hierarchical approach reduces the memory and computational load, and increases the convergence of the potential space. The line field is the discontinuity model of the disparity field. The paper also proposes an effective configuration of the neighborhood to be suitable for the hierarchical disparity structure. According to the experiments, the stochastic diffusion shows good estimation performance. The line field improves the estimation at the object boundary, and the estimated line field coincides with the object boundary with the useful contours. Furthermore, the stochastic diffusion with line field embeds the occlusion detection and compensation. And, the stochastic diffusion converges the estimated fields very fast in the hierarchical scheme. The stochastic diffusion is applicable to any kind of field estimation given the appropriate definition of the field and MRF models.
Proceedings of the 2002 joint ACM-ISCOPE conference on Java Grande (2002)

First of all, we wish to extend a warm welcome to everyone participating in the Joint ACM Java - ISCOPE 2002 Conference. This is the second year in which ACM Java and ISCOPE, the International Symposium on Computing in Object-oriented Parallel Environments, have joined forces, with a merged Call for Papers, Program Committee, and ACM Proceedings.The first ACM Java - ISCOPE Conference took place at Stanford University, Palo Alto, in 2001. This second joint conference is the seventh in a series of meetings aimed at exploring the use of the Java programming language for Grande applications - a range of applications that includes, but is not limited to, scientific and engineering computing, data intensive business computing, and high-performance network computing. The series started with the Java workshops, which were held very successfully in Syracuse in 1996, Las Vegas in 1997, and Palo Alto in 1998. The 1999 and 2000 ACM Java Conferences took place in San Francisco. This 2002 Java - ISCOPE is also the fifth of the series of ISCOPE meetings. ISCOPE 97, 98, and 99 proceedings are available from Springer as LNCS volumes 1343, 1505, and 1732, respectively. As ISCOPE broadened its focus during the years, it became natural to combine ACM Java and ISCOP.This year, we are holding ACM Java - ISCOPE in Seattle, Washington, in conjunction with the 17th Annual ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages and Applications - OOPSLA 2002. OOPSLA is the premier forum for bringing together participants to share their ideas and experiences in a broad range of topics related to object-oriented programming. We believe this arrangement has been very beneficial to Java - ISCOPE.The Joint ACM Java - ISCOPE 2002 Conference focuses on object-orientation in a broad range of topics (including parallelism, communication, distribution, and high-performance applications and systems) and Java in the broad area of high-performance computing (including engineering and scientific applications, simulations, and data-intensive applications). This year a total of 70 papers were submitted, a 16% increase compared to the first joint conference. Of these, 24 (~35%) were selected as regular papers for plenary presentation at the conference and publication in these proceedings. An additional 15 submissions were selected as poster presentations. Single-page abstracts for the posters are included in these proceedings. At the beginning of the conference, we are also offering a set of relevant tutorial lectures.
SPIN SPLITTING IN A TWO DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON SYSTEM DETERMINED BY NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RELAXATION AND MAGNETOTRANSPORT ACTIVATION MEASUREMENTS (1993)

The spin splitting observed in two-dimensional electron systems at high magnetic fields is not only determined by the single-electron Zeeman energy but also by many-particle effects. Electron-electron interaction results in an enhanced g-factor which can be described by the exchange part of the Coulomb interaction. Nuclear spin lattice relaxation experiments analysing the Overhauser Shift in Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) measurements reveal that the exchange term is dominant. The spin splitting is strongly dependent on magnetic field and temperature. Numerical simulations enable the quantitative determination of the exchange part of the spin split energy. Transport activation measurements verify that the exchange part is proportional to the spin polarization of the electrons.
Enhancing the ability of NAS-RIF algorithm for blind image deconvolution (2002)

Blind image deconvolution has possibility in various applications, for example, medical imaging, astronomical imaging, and one-dimensional gamma-ray spectra processing. In this paper, enhancing the ability of the NAS-RIF algorithm, which is known as a powerful blind deconvolution method, is provided. To improve the recovery ability, the cost function of the optimization routine of the NAS-RIF algorithm is redefined, and by incorporating interband prediction, the computational efficiency of the NAS-RIF algorithm is greatly improved.