gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of a Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing Considering the Effect of a Rotating or Stationary Herringbone Groove (2001)

This research investigates the dynamic characteristics of a herringbone grooved journal bearing with plain sleeve (GJPS) and a plain journal bearing with herringbone grooved sleeve (PJGS) under static and dynamic load. FEM is used to solve the Reynolds equation in order to calculate the pressure distribution in a fluid film. Reaction forces and friction torque are obtained by integrating the pressure and shear stress along the fluid film, respectively. Dynamic behaviors of a journal, such as orbit or rotational speed, are determined by solving its nonlinear equations of motion with the Runge-Kutta method. Numerical results are validated by the experimental results of prior researchers. A GJPS produces less friction torque than a PJGS so that the GJPS consumes less input power than the PJGS. Under static load, the PJGS converges to the fixed equilibrium position, but the GJPS has a whirling motion due to the rotating groove even at the steady state, which produces the excitation frequencies corresponding to the integer multiple of the rotor speed multiplied by the number of grooves. The variation of rotational speed of a GJPS is always less than that of a PJGS due to less friction torque. Under the effect of mass unbalance, the excitation frequencies of the reaction force in a GJPS and a PJGS are the rotational frequency due to mass unbalance and its harmonics due to the nonlinear effect of fluid film. However, the GJPS has relatively big amplitude corresponding to the multiples of the number of grooves, in comparison with the amplitudes at the adjacent harmonics.
Effect of metal‐support interface on hydrogen permeation through palladium membranes (2009)

Abstract Thin palladium membranes of different thicknesses were prepared on sol‐gel derived mesoporous γ‐alumina/α‐alumina and yttria‐stabilized zirconia/α‐alumina supports by a method combining sputter deposition and electroless plating. The effect of metal‐support interface on hydrogen transport permeation properties was investigated by comparing hydrogen permeation data for these membranes measured under different conditions. Hydrogen permeation fluxes for the Pd/γ‐Al 2 O 3 /α‐Al 2 O 3 membranes are significantly smaller than those for the Pd/YSZ/α‐Al 2 O 3 membranes under similar conditions. As the palladium membrane thickness increases, the difference in permeation fluxes between these two groups of membranes decreases and the pressure exponent for permeation flux approaches 0.5 from 1. Analysis of the permeation data with a permeation model shows that both groups of membranes have similar hydrogen permeability for bulk diffusion, but the Pd/γ‐Al 2 O 3 /α‐Al 2 O 3 membranes exhibit a much lower surface reaction rate constant with higher activation energy, due possibly to the formation of Pd‐Al alloy, than the Pd/YSZ/α‐Al 2 O 3 membranes. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Theory of Vacancy Annealing in Impure Metals (1960)

The general equations for the annealing of vacancies in metals containing impurities to which the vacancies can be attached have been solved on an analog computer for a wide variety of parameters. The computer results show that some simplifying assumptions may be made which permit the general equations to be solved analytically. It is shown that for many physically interesting cases of vacancy migration the decay curve is exponential, and the decay constant is related to, but not equal to, the rate constant for vacancy migration. It is further shown that only experiments performed on zone-refined metals can give the correct vacancy migration energy, and that impurity contents as low as ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ can seriously affect the results. Experimental methods and calculations are discussed which can be used to measure the binding energy of vacancies to impurities in metals prepared by controlled doping.
RESISTANCE OF <i>ESCHERICHIA COLI</i> TO TETRACYCLINES (1965)

1. A strain of Escherichia coli highly resistant to chlortetracycline and partially cross-resistant to tetracycline has been isolated. 2. The nitro-reductase system of the resistant cells was inhibited to a smaller extent by chlortetracycline than was the corresponding enzyme of sensitive cells. 3. The incorporation of leucine in vitro into the ribosomal protein of cell-free preparations from sensitive and resistant cells was equally inhibited by chlortetracycline. 4. Resistant cells accumulated much less chlortetracycline and tetracycline than did sensitive cells when both were cultured in the presence of these drugs. 5. The uptake of tetracycline by both sensitive and resistant E. coli was dependent on the presence of glucose in the medium. 6. Fractionation of cells cultured in medium containing [(14)C]chlortetracycline indicated that the largest proportion of radioactivity in sensitive cells was in the fraction consisting mainly of cell-wall material. There was no concentration of radioactivity in any one fraction of the resistant cells. 7. No evidence could be obtained for a specific tetracycline-excretion system in the resistant cells. 8. The significance of these results in relation to current theories of the antibiotic action of and resistance to the tetracycline drugs is discussed.
Phase Noise and Transient Times for a Binary Quantized Digital Phase-Locked Loop in White Gaussian Noise (1972)

Digital phase-locked loops of the type employing discrete phase adjustments form an interesting class for which both steady-state and transient performance may be determined in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise. A general technique for obtaining this analysis is presented. A class of "sequential filters" is described that appears to be well suited to this type of loop. Their performance is characterized by a variable number of inputs per output (depending upon the input sequence) and the use of coarse quantization. Two specific examples are discussed. The closed-loop transient analysis shows these loops to have effectively a slew-rate limited phase adjustment, indicating that they are decidedly nonlinear. A digital loop "quasi-bandwidth" measure is defined in terms of this transient response. This definition allows the comparison of digital loops on a basis of equal signal-to-noise ratios within the loop bandwidth and, to a limited extent, makes possible a similar comparison of the digital loops with linear loops. Performance of the digital loops is found to be similar to that of the first-order linear phase-locked loop model for low loop bandwidth signal-to-noise ratio but reaches a limiting minimum phase error due to quantization of the phase adjustments for high signal-to-noise ratio. This limit, however, can be set as low as desired by choosing a small enough phase-correction quantum. The digitalloop bandwidth is found to vary with the signal energy per noise spectral density ratio rather than with the signal amplitude as in the case of the linear analog model.
La cigüeña en las literaturas populares francesa y española (2007)

Estudio de la presencia de la ciguena en varios generos de las literaturas populares francesa y espanola (fabulas, coplas, adivinanzas, refranes), con el objeto de descubrir las peculiaridades y la simbologia de este animal, asi como la cultura popular que ha servido de fuente de inspiracion.
Expression of e‐selectin messenger RNA and protein in rheumatoid arthritis (1995)

The strong vascular expression of E-selectin indicates an activation of endothelial cells in the recruitment of cells associated with the chronic inflammation of RA.
Codeswitching with English: types of switching, types of communities (1989)

ABSTRACT: Types of codeswitching are defined, according to their social functions, with switching ‘as an unmarked choice’ receiving special attention. This type of switching occurs when bilingual peers make relevant their dual and simultaneous membership in the two groups symbolized by the two different linguistic varieties involved in the switching pattern. Structural constraints on switching are discussed across codeswitching types. Finally, it is argued that the types of codeswitching characterizing a community become predictors of the functional allocation of linguistic varieties and of intergroup competition in that community.
Identifying Inhibitors of ATM and ATR Kinase Activities (2003)

The Ataxia Telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and the ATM and Rad3-related (ATR) proteins function in partially overlapping DNA damage checkpoint pathways that orchestrate the cellular response to DNA damage. Both proteins belong to a growing family of serine/threonine-directed kinases that contain C-terminal kinase domains bearing significant sequence homology to those of mammalian and yeast phosphoinositide 3-kinases (1). In response to genotoxic insults, these kinases phosphorylate a number of key proteins that control cell cycle progression and DNA repair (2). ATM and ATR-mediated phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor protein p53 and the associated Mdm2 protein result in accumulation and transcriptional activation of p53. The subsequent p53-mediated up-regulation of p21cip1/waf1 protein levels results in inhibition of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases and prevents cells from entering S-phase with unrepaired DNA damage. In a similar pathway, damage-dependent phosphorylation of the checkpoint proteins Chk1 and Chk2 ultimately results in the radiation-inducible arrest of cells in G2 through their downstream effects on Cdc25C. Likewise, ATM and ATR regulate the repair of DNA damage through phosphorylation of putative DNA repair proteins like BRCA1, NBS1, and BLM (3–5).
Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

The majority of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 exposed individuals mount an antibody response within around 2-weeks and spike antigen-binding responses correlate well with functional virus neutralization. A minority makes little detectable antibody, generally those with either very mild/asymptomatic disease or those with severe/lethal infection. However, in general, antibody titre correlates with viral load and duration of exposure. There is evidence for cross-reactivity with the other human coronaviruses, though the functional impact of this is as yet unclear. Therapeutic use of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies offers potential for clinical use. While there is evidence for neutralizing antibody as a correlate of protection, some cases indicate the potential for full recovery in the absence of antibody. Studies of T-cell immunity following acute infection show CD4 and CD8 responses to epitopes across diverse viral antigens, possible cross-reactivity with epitopes from the common cold human coronaviruses and large-scale activation. However, in severe cases, there is evidence for T-cell lymphopaenia as well as expression of exhaustion markers. Analysis of serum biomarkers of disease severity implicates a hyperinflammatory contribution to pathogenesis, though this has not been mechanistically delineated beyond a likely role of raised IL-6, considered a therapeutic target. Despite rapid progress, there remain pressing unknowns. It seems likely that immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 may be relatively short lived, but this will need longitudinal investigation. Also, this is a disease of highly variable presentation and time course, with some progressing to protracted, chronic symptoms, which are not understood. The contribution of immunopathological mechanisms to tissue damage, whether in the lung, kidney, heart or blood vessels, is unclear. The immunology underlying the differential susceptibility between the very young and the very old is unresolved, a question with ramifications for vaccine roll-out. The greatest challenge relates to rapid generation, testing and manufacture of vaccines that are immunogenic, protective (at least from symptomatic disease) and safe-a challenge that looks achievable.
Prescribing Trends in Psychotropic Medications (1998)

The patterns of psychotropic medication use in outpatient medical practice changed dramatically during the study period, especially in psychiatric practice.
Delay Fault Coverage Increasing in Digital Circuits (2013)

Delay faults testing is more and more critical due to huge number of gates and signal lines integrated on a chip. Path delay faults are tested via selected critical paths in a tested digital circuit but some critical paths can be found as untestable based on structure of the circuit. The circuit structure can be modified to increase the number of testable critical paths. Such modification brings added inputs and circuit area overhead. A new technique was proposed for circuit structure modification with the goal to decrease area overhead and number of additional inputs. This technique is based on usability of basic gates instead of multiplexers published till now. This DFT technique reduces the number of added logic gates used as test points involved on disconnected critical paths as previously published works. Evaluation of the proposed technique has been done over some selected benchmark circuits and compared with published results.
Hydrogen gas reduces chronic intermittent hypoxia‐induced hypertension by inhibiting sympathetic nerve activity and increasing vasodilator responses via the antioxidation (2018)

Molecular hydrogen is reported to be used medically to ameliorate various systemic pathological conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub> ) gas on hypertension induced by intermittent hypoxia in rats. The adult rats were exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) 8 hours/day for 5 weeks and/or H <sub>2</sub> gas 2 hours/day. We found that the systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) increased significantly in rats exposed to intermittent hypoxia, both of which were markedly attenuated after H treatment. Furthermore, intermittent hypoxia exposure elevated renal sympathetic nerve activity, consistent with plasma norepinephrine. Additionally, H <sub>2</sub> gas significantly improved CIH-induced abnormal vascular relaxation. Nevertheless, inhalation of H <sub>2</sub> gas alone did not cause such changes. Moreover, H <sub>2</sub> gas-treated rats exposed to CIH showed a significant reduction in 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine content and increases in superoxide dismutase activity, indicating improved oxidative stress. Taken together, these results indicate that H <sub>2</sub> gas has significant effects on the reduction of BP without any side effects. Mechanistically, inhibition of sympathetic activity and reduction of systemic vascular resistance may participate in this process via the antioxidant activity of H <sub>2</sub> .
Study of intermodulation in RF MEMS variable capacitors (2006)

This paper provides a rigorous study of the causes and physical origins of intermodulation distortion (IMD) in RF microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) capacitors, its analytical dependence on the MEMS device design parameters, and its effects in RF systems. It is shown that not only third-order products exist, but also fifth order and higher. The high-order terms are mainly originated by the nonlinear membrane displacement versus applied voltage and, in the case considered in this study, with an additional contribution from the nonlinear dependence of the reflection coefficient phase on the displacement. It is also shown that the displacement nonlinear behavior also contributes to the total mean position of the membrane. In order to study these effects in depth, an analytical frequency-dependent IMD model for RF MEMS based on a mobile membrane is proposed and particularized to the case of a MEMS varactor-a device for which IMD can be significant. The model is validated, up to the fifth order, theoretically (using harmonic balance) and empirically (the IMD of a MEMS varactor is measured). To this end, a two-tone IMD reflection measurement system for MEMS is proposed.
Microstructural Evolution during DPRM Process of Semisolid Ledeburitic D2 Tool Steel (2013)

Semisolid metal processing is a relatively new technology that offers several advantages over liquid processing and solid processing because of the unique behaviour and characteristic microstructure of metals in this state. With the aim of finding a minimum process chain for the manufacture of high-quality production at minimal cost for forming, the microstructural evolution of the ledeburitic AISI D2 tool steel in the semisolid state was studied experimentally. The potential of the direct partial remelting (DPRM) process for the production of AISI D2 with a uniform globular microstructure was revealed. The liquid fraction was determined using differential scanning calorimetry. The microstructures of the samples were investigated using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy analyser, while X-ray phase analysis was performed to identify the phase evolution and the type of carbides. Mechanical characterisation was completed by hardness measurements. The typical microstructure after DPRM consists of metastable austenite which was located particularly in the globular grains (average grain size about 50 μ m), while the remaining interspaces were filled by precipitated eutectic carbides on the grain boundaries and lamellar network.
Rearrangements of tetrahedral copper(I) and silver(I) complexes containing chelating bis(tertiary arsines and phosphines) (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRearrangements of tetrahedral copper(I) and silver(I) complexes containing chelating bis(tertiary arsines and phosphines)Geoffrey Salem, Annette Schier, and S. Bruce WildCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 17, 3029–3032Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00290a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00290a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Support Vector Learning Mechanism for Fuzzy Rule-Based Modeling: A New Approach (2004)

This paper describes a fuzzy modeling framework based on support vector machine, a rule-based framework that explicitly characterizes the representation in fuzzy inference procedure. The support vector learning mechanism provides an architecture to extract support vectors for generating fuzzy IF-THEN rules from the training data set, and a method to describe the fuzzy system in terms of kernel functions. Thus, it has the inherent advantage that the model does not have to determine the number of rules in advance, and the overall fuzzy inference system can be represented as series expansion of fuzzy basis functions. The performance of the proposed approach is compared to other fuzzy rule-based modeling methods using four data sets.
Finding Primary Targets of Transcriptional Regulators (2005)

Transcriptional regulators directly regulate the transcription of primary target genes by occupying genomic response elements proximal to the target promoters. In turn, regulation of primary target genes triggers subsequent physiological events by acting on distinct biological pathways and modulating the expression of secondary target genes. Thus, distinguishing primary and secondary target genes is critical for our understanding of mechanisms underlying the biological effects of a regulator. In this article, four distinct strategies for identification of primary target genes are compared and discussed: bioinformatic approaches, ChIP on chip, and two novel strategies, ChIP scanning and in vitro genomic selection. Overall, these approaches complement each other, and depending on available information and resources, the appropriate methods can be chosen to identify primary target genes for a particular regulator.
Enhanced flexural wave sensing by adaptive gradient-index metamaterials (2016)

Increasing sensitivity and signal to noise ratios of conventional wave sensors is an interesting topic in structural health monitoring, medical imaging, aerospace and nuclear instrumentation. Here, we report the concept of a gradient piezoelectric self-sensing system by integrating shunting circuitry into conventional sensors. By tuning circuit elements properly, both the quality and quantity of the flexural wave measurement data can be significantly increased for new adaptive sensing applications. Through analytical, numerical and experimental studies, we demonstrate that a metamaterial-based sensing system (MBSS) with gradient bending stiffness can be designed by connecting gradient negative capacitance circuits to an array of piezoelectric patches (sensors). Furthermore, we demonstrate that the proposed system can achieve more than two orders of magnitude amplification of flexural wave signals to overcome the detection limit. This research encompasses fundamental advancements in the MBSS with improved performance and functionalities, and will yield significant advances for a range of applications.
A Coverage Analysis for Safety Property Lists (2007)

We present a coverage analysis that can be used in property-based verification. The analysis helps identifying cases; scenarios where the property list under analysis does not constrain a certain output at a certain point in time. These scenarios can then be manually investigated, possibly leading to new, previously forgotten properties being added. As there often exist cases in which outputs are not supposed to be specified, we also provide means for the specificier to annotate properties in order to control what cases are supposed to be underconstrained. Two main differences with earlier proposed similar analyses exist: The presented analysis is design-independent, and it makes an explicit distinction between intentionally and unintentionally underspecified behavior.
The Centrosome and Cellular Organization (1994)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
A method for designing broad-band microstrip antennas in multilayered planar structures (1999)

The narrow bandwidth of a microstrip antenna is one of the important features that restrict its wide usage. A simple and practical method for the design of broad-band microstrip antennas is presented in this paper. Utilizing this design technique, several two-layer microstrip antennas have been proposed. To confirm the applicability of the method for the designs of antennas at L-band, experiments have been carried out. The measured results show that the proposed antennas have a bandwidth of up to 25.7%. Also, the method proposed in this paper is applicable to the design of other types of multilayered planar antennas.