gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal strain exerted on superconductive filaments in practical Nb<sub>3</sub>Sn and Nb<sub>3</sub>Al strands (2013)

Practical superconductive (SC) wires such as the Nb3Sn and Nb3Al strands used in fusion reactors are typical composite materials consisting of brittle superconducting intermetallic compounds. Thermally induced strain is inevitably generated in the composite due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion and different moduli of elasticity among the constituent components. In order to evaluate quantitatively the thermal strain, local strain measurements during heating by means of quantum beams, and room temperature tensile tests were carried out. The stress versus strain curves of both Nb3Sn and Nb3Al strands showed a typical elasto–plastic behavior, which could be numerically evaluated on the basis of the rule of mixtures. The local strain exerted on SC filaments along the axial direction was compressive at room temperature and tensile at high temperatures, which is common for Nb3Sn and Nb3Al strands. Their temperature dependence was numerically evaluated by means of the iteration method. As a whole, it has been established that the temperature dependence of thermal strain can be reproduced well by the numerical calculation proposed here. It is pointed out that the thermal strain in SC filaments is affected by the creep phenomenon at high temperatures above a threshold temperature.
Post-translational proteolytic processing of precursors to regulatory peptides (1989)

Precursors to regulatory peptides undergo maturation processes which include proteolytic processing. The enzymes involved in this process remove the hydrophobic peptide located at the amino-terminus of the precursor. Endoprotease cleavage also occurs at single and two adjacent basic residues, this is followed by a removal of basic residues located at the C-terminus of the peptides by a carboxypeptidase-like enzyme.
Absence of Vasoactive and Cardiotropic Substances in Coronary Sinus Blood of Dogs (1957)

Elucidation of the mechanism by which coronary flow is regulated has been attempted. Substances with coronary vasodilator or vasoconstrictor properties as well as those with inotropic or chronotropic effects on isolated frog hearts were sought in the coronary sinus blood of dogs. Blood draining normal, hypoxic or "overperfused" hearts was oxygenated in a dog lung or on a screen and perfused at a controlled pressure through a rotameter into a test coronary artery of the same or second dog; unoxygenated sinus blood was also perfused into an isolated beating frog heart connected to record heart rate and amplitude of contraction. No significant differences in flow rates were observed when the test artery was perfused with oxygenated coronary sinus blood as compared to flows metered during perfusion of the artery with arterial blood. Similarly, perfusion of unoxygenated coronary sinus blood into the isolated frog heart did not affect the rate or amplitude of contraction recorded during perfusion of the heart with arterial blood. These experiments, therefore, failed to demonstrate substances having vasoactive, inotropic, or chronotropic properties in the blood draining normal, hypoxic or "overperfused" dog hearts.
Interferon Production in Rabbit Kidney Cell Cultures Exposed to Poly (I).Poly (C) Adsorbed to Rabbit Red Blood Cells (1974)

SUMMARY Poly(I).poly(C) adsorbed to rabbit red blood cells (RRBC) has been shown to stimulate interferon production in primary rabbit kidney (PRK) cell cultures. The interferon titres obtained could not be accounted for by the amounts of poly(I). poly(C) released from the red blood cells into the supernatant fluids during their incubation with the PRK cells. However, they could be fully accounted for by the amounts of polynucleotide picked up by the PRK cells upon their contact with poly(I).poly(C)-coated RRBC. At identical dosage levels poly(I).poly(C) attached to RRBC proved more efficient in inducing interferon than free poly(I).poly(C). This increased interferon-inducing efficiency correlated well with an increased accessibility of PRK cell-associated polymer to extraneous ribonuclease treatment.
[2.2]Paracyclophane-4,7,12,15-tetrone, [2.2](1,4)Naphthalenophane-4,7,14,17-tetrone, and 1,4,8,11-Pentacenetetrone Radical Anions − A Comparative ESR Study (1998)

Three types of tetrone radical anions in which two 1,4-benzoquinone units are connected by ethano (1·−, 2·−), [2.2]paracyclophane (3·−, 4·−), and anthracene bridges (5·−, 6·−) have been studied by ESR and ENDOR spectroscopy. The displacement of the unpaired electron over the two π moieties in the [2.2]cyclophane radical anions 1·−−4·− and the marked difference between the first and second reduction potentials, ΔE = |E20 − E10| ≥ 0.20 V, are evidence for a substantial intramolecular electronic interaction between the two electrophores. Similar ΔE data for the syn- (3) and anti-naphthalenophanes (4) indicate that most of the intramolecular electronic interaction takes place through the [2.2]paracyclophane bridge. When ion pairing is inhibited by complexation of the cation, the unpaired electron in 5·− and 6·− is also delocalized over the whole pentacenetetrone system at temperatures as low as 160 K.
Derivatives of Sulfenic Acids. XXIX. Bis(2,2'-fluorosulfonyl)azobenzene via 2-Nitrobenzenesulfenyl Chloride and Hydrogen Fluoride<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of Sulfenic Acids. XXIX. Bis(2,2'-fluorosulfonyl)azobenzene via 2-Nitrobenzenesulfenyl Chloride and Hydrogen Fluoride1DAVID L. CHAMBERLAIN, DAVID PETERS, and NORMAN KHARASCHCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 3, 381–385Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01097a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01097a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Physical Function in Healthy Older Men. Time to Talk Hormones? (2012)

Improving physical function and mobility in a continuously expanding elderly population emerges as a high priority of medicine today. Muscle mass, strength/power, and maximal exercise capacity are major determinants of physical function, and all decline with aging. This contributes to the incidence of frailty and disability observed in older men. Furthermore, it facilitates the accumulation of body fat and development of insulin resistance. Muscle adaptation to exercise is strongly influenced by anabolic endocrine hormones and local load-sensitive autocrine/paracrine growth factors. GH, IGF-I, and testosterone (T) are directly involved in muscle adaptation to exercise because they promote muscle protein synthesis, whereas T and locally expressed IGF-I have been reported to activate muscle stem cells. Although exercise programs improve physical function, in the long-term most older men fail to comply. The GH/IGF-I axis and T levels decline markedly with aging, whereas accumulating evidence supports their indispensable role in maintaining physical function integrity. Several studies have reported that the administration of T improves lean body mass and maximal voluntary strength in healthy older men. On the other hand, most studies have shown that administration of GH alone failed to improve muscle strength despite amelioration of the detrimental somatic changes of aging. Both GH and T are anabolic agents that promote muscle protein synthesis and hypertrophy but work through separate mechanisms, and the combined administration of GH and T, albeit in only a few studies, has resulted in greater efficacy than either hormone alone. Although it is clear that this combined approach is effective, this review concludes that further studies are needed to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of combined hormone replacement therapy in older men before the medical rationale of prescribing hormone replacement therapy for combating the sarcopenia of aging can be established.
Das erste enantiomerenreine Triangulan: (M)-Trispiro[2.0.0.2.1.1]nonan ist ein σ-[4]Helicen (1999)

Eine außerordentlich hohe spezifische optische Drehung selbst bei 589 nm kennzeichnet (M)-1, das erste enantiomerenreine, unverzweigte [4]Triangulan, obwohl es keinen Chromophor enthält, der zu einer nennenswerten Absorption oberhalb von 200 nm führen würde. Diese hohe spezifische Drehung hat mit der helicalen Anordnung der σ-Bindungen zu tun, was durch Rechnungen auf hohem Niveau bestätigt wird. Damit erscheint es gerechtfertigt, das [4]Triangulan in Analogie zu den aromatischen π-[n]Helicenen als σ-[4]Helicen zu bezeichnen.
The Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada 2018: Quality of Life (2018)

Patients with IBD experience emotional distress that reduces HRQOL. Clinical tools are necessary to identify the key factors causing psychological distress in patients with IBD.HRQOL is reduced in individuals with IBD and their families. Studies should evaluate the cumulative burden of IBD on HRQOL in patients with IBD and their caregivers.Patient self-perception of their IBD influences their HRQOL. Clinical studies of interventions that improve adaptive coping are needed to reduce psychosocial distress.Multidisciplinary care including a psychologist to screen for and manage psychosocial risk and psychological distress should be evaluated in IBD clinics.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐Dibenzyl‐1,4‐diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Chlorochromate (DBDABOCC): A Mild and Selective Reagent for Efficient Oxidation of Organic Compounds under Non‐aqueous Conditions. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Identification of major lysine residues of S<sub>3</sub>‐RNase of <i>Petunia inflata</i> involved in ubiquitin–26S proteasome‐mediated degradation <i>in vitro</i> (2008)

S-RNase-based self-incompatibility has been identified in three flowering plant families, including the Solanaceae, and this self/non-self recognition mechanism between pollen and pistil is controlled by two polymorphic genes at the S-locus, S-RNase and S-locus F-box (SLF). S-RNase is produced in the pistil and taken up by pollen tubes in a non-S-haplotype-specific manner. How an allelic product of SLF interacts with self and non-self S-RNases to result in growth inhibition of self pollen tubes is not completely understood. One model predicts that SLF targets non-self S-RNases for ubiquitin/26S proteasome-mediated degradation, thereby only allowing self S-RNase to exert cytotoxic activity inside a pollen tube. To test this model, we studied whether any of the 20 lysine residues in S(3)-RNase of Petunia inflata might be targets for ubiquitination. We identified six lysines near the C-terminus for which mutation to arginine significantly reduced ubiquitination and degradation of the mutant S(3)-RNase, GST:S(3)-RNase (K141-164R) in pollen tube extracts. We further showed that GST:S(3)-RNase (K141-164R) and GST:S(3)-RNase had similar RNase activity, suggesting that their degradation was probably not caused by an ER-associated protein degradation pathway that removes mis-folded proteins. Finally, we showed that PiSBP1 (P. inflata S-RNase binding protein 1), a potential RING-HC subunit of the PiSLF (P. inflata SLF)-containing E3-like complex, could target S-RNase for ubiquitination in vitro. All these results suggest that ubiquitin/26S proteasome-dependent degradation of S-RNase may be an integral part of the S-RNase-based self-incompatibility mechanism.
Loss of base-to-apex circumferential strain gradient assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in Fabry disease: relationship to T1 mapping, late gadolinium enhancement and hypertrophy (2019)

CMR reproducibly identifies myocardial strain abnormalities in FD. Loss of base-to-apex CS gradient may be an early marker of cardiac involvement in FD, with independent and incremental value beyond native T1.
Stepwise Self-Assembled Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer and Poly(styrenesulfonate) Microcapsules as Sustained Delivery Vehicles (2002)

Hollow microcapsules comprised of poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and a fourth generation poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (4G PAMAM) were prepared by depositing PSS/4G PAMAM multilayers on melamine formaldehyde (MF) colloid particles by the layer-by-layer self-assembly technique and subsequently dissolving the templated cores. The PSS/4G PAMAM layers were unstable toward the core removal procedure (pH approximately 1), resulting in a low yield of intact hollow capsules (<10% for 3.5 microm diameter MF templates). Stretching of the multilayer film due to core swelling during MF core dissolution leads to partial or complete destruction of capsules, giving discrete PSS-4G PAMAM complexes. Yields were increased by increasing inter- and intramolecular attractive forces between the PSS chains in the capsules through electrostatic, hydrophobic, and a combination of these interactions. The yields, however, were practically unaffected by enhancing such effects between dendrimer molecules. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning force microscopy measurements show no deformation for 3.5 microm capsules stabilized through the various interactions stated above. Further, capsules were filled with low molecular weight dextran sulfate and subsequently loaded with a model, therapeutically active molecule, doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). Release of DOX from the capsules was also studied to highlight the drug delivery potential of the dendrimer-based microcapsules.
CCDC 610628: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2006)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Application of Nonlinear Time Series Analysis to the Prediction of Silicon Content of Pig Iron. (2002)

1 2/(1a)1 is the number of surrogate data required for a two-sided test (i.e., the value obtained for the original signal can be larger or smaller than all other values) where 1a is the significance level for an erroneous result. *
Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Vancomycin and Gentamicin Concentrations during Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Surgery: An Observational Study (2000)

Background: Ventriculoperitoneal shunts become infected predominantly during surgery. Optimal antibiotic prophylaxis during cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt surgery has not been fully determined. Objective: To quantitate the concentrations of vancomycin and gentamicin in the serum and CSF during 100 ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgeries at the time of shunt manipulation. Design: Descriptive, prospective, observational study with a 27- to 76-month postoperative follow-up period range. Setting: University hospital. Patients: Eighty-three hydrocephalic patients ranging from premature to adult ages. Interventions: Intraoperatively, children received intravenous vancomycin 15 mg/kg/dose and gentamicin 2.5 mg/kg/dose; adults received vancomycin 1 g/dose and gentamicin 1.5 mg/kg/dose. Antibiotics were continued for 24 hours postoperatively, with dosage and schedule adjusted for age. Antibiotic serum and CSF concentrations were sampled one hour after infusion, and measured via fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Meticulous surgical infection control measures were followed. Main Outcome Measures: Correlation of intraoperative serum and CSF antibiotic concentrations with postoperative infection rate. Results: Intraoperative vancomycin serum concentrations ranged from 10.8 to 53.8 μg/mL (28.0 ± 9.5 μg/mL, mean ± SD). Intraoperative gentamicin serum concentrations ranged from 3.9 to 9.4 μg/mL (4.8 ± 2.0 μg/mL). In all surgeries, intraoperative CSF vancomycin and gentamicin concentrations were low (vancomycin <5 μg/mL, gentamicin <2 μg/mL). The infection rate among surgeries was 2.0%, and the infection rate among patients was 2.4%. Two shunt infections occurred, one with Candida albicans and one with Citrobacter freundii. Conclusions: Serum concentrations of vancomycin and gentamicin were above the minimum inhibitory concentrations for likely pathogens in 84% and 74% of surgeries, respectively. Intraoperative bacteriostatic and bactericidal CSF antibiotic concentrations may not be necessary to achieve a low postoperative shunt infection rate. Larger confirmatory studies are needed.
[Myxoma of the left atrium: a cause of retinal artery embolism not to be ignored. Apropos of a case]. (1995)

We report a case of retinal artery obstruction in a 56-year-old woman which proved to be a first symptom of a left atrial myxoma. The patient also had an inflammatory syndrome and a transient embolism of the cerebellum and the left leg. Two dimensional echocardiography showed an atrial mass compatible with myxoma. This diagnosis was confirmed by histological analysis of the surgically-removed tumour.
Exhaustive message splitting for partial decode-forward in single-source single-destination relay networks (2014)

We introduce exhaustive message splitting for partial decode-forward in a single-source single-destination relay network with N relays, in which every relay subset has a private message to decode. We apply this idea to a three-relay network and propose a partial decode-forward scheme based on block Markov encoding with exhaustive message splitting and derive its achievable rate. A directed graph of the superposition codebook structure is provided to assist the understanding of the code hierarchy. We also apply the scheme to a Gaussian network and show that our scheme generalizes network decode-forward in [1] and the private message scheme in [2].
Electrochemical Characteristics of “Polyaniline” Cathodes and Anodes in Aqueous Electrolytes (1985)

Abstract The quinoid-benzenoid-diimine form, (=(C6H4)=N-(C6H4)-N=)x of “polyaniline” shows excellent cathode characteristics including recyclability when used in conjunction with a zinc anode in an aqueous electrolyte of (l. 0M ZnCl2 + 0. 5M NH4Cl) having a pH of ∼ 4. The reduced form of this material, (-(C6H4)-N(H)-(C6H4)-N(H)-)x can be used as an anode in conjunction with a Pb02 cathode in an aqueous 0.5M Pb(BF4)2 electrolyte.
Microinvasive Transaxillary Thoracoscopic Sympathectomy: Technical Note (2000)

The modifications implemented increase the speed and safety of thoracoscopic sympathectomy while minimizing complications.
NMR and visible spectroscopic study of chromium carbonyl supported on Na-X zeolite and alumina (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNMR and visible spectroscopic study of chromium carbonyl supported on Na-X zeolite and aluminaWilliam M. Shirley, Norzehan Abdul-Manan, and James S. FryeCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 21, 3846–3849Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00294a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00294a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
SONTRAC: an imaging spectrometer for solar neutrons (2003)

An instrument capable of unambiguously determining the energy and direction of incident neutrons has important applications in solar physics-as well as environmental monitoring and medical/radiological sciences. The SONTRAC (SOlar Neutron TRACking) instrument is designed to operate in the neutron energy range of 20-250 MeV. The measurement principle is based on non-relativistic double scatter of neutrons off ambient protons (n-p scattering) within a block of densely packed scintillating fibers. Using this double-scatter mode it is possible to uniquely determine neutron energy and direction on an event-by-event basis. A fully operational science model of such an instrument has been built using 300 μm (250 μm active) scintillating fibers. The science model consists of a 5×5×5 cm cube of orthogonal plastic scintillating fiber layers. Two orthogonal imaging chains, employing image intensifiers and CCD cameras, allow full 3-dimensional reconstruction of scattered proton particle tracks. We report the results of the science model instrument calibration using 35-65 MeV protons. The proton calibration is the first step toward understanding the instrument response to n-p scatter events. Preliminary results give proton energy resolution of 2% (6%) at 67.5 (35) MeV, and angular resolution of 2° (4.5°) at 67.5 (35) MeV. These measurements are being used to validate detailed instrument simulations that will be used to optimize the instrument design and develop quantitative estimates of science return. Based on the proton calibration, neutron energy and angular resolution for a 10×10×10 cm version of SONTRAC is expected to be ~5% and <10°, respectively, while the efficiency of the detector to double n-p scatter events is approximately 1%. We will also discuss ongoing opto-electronic developmental efforts and concepts for extending the instrument response to lower energies.
Benzylidene Acetal Fragmentation Route to 6‐Deoxy Sugars: Direct Reductive Cleavage in the Presence of Ether Protecting Groups, Permitting the Efficient, Highly Stereocontrolled Synthesis of β‐D‐Rhamnosides from D‐Mannosyl Glycosyl Donors. Total Synthesis of α‐D‐Gal‐(1→3)‐α‐D‐Rha‐(1→3)‐β‐D‐Rha‐ (1→4)‐β‐D‐Glu‐OMe, the Repeating Unit of the Antigenic Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia hermannii ATCC 33650 and 33652. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.