gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Real-Time Multichannel Memory Controller and Optimal Mapping of Memory Clients to Memory Channels (2015)

Ever-increasing demands for main memory bandwidth and memory speed/power tradeoff led to the introduction of memories with multiple memory channels, such as Wide IO DRAM. Efficient utilization of a multichannel memory as a shared resource in multiprocessor real-time systems depends on mapping of the memory clients to the memory channels according to their requirements on latency, bandwidth, communication, and memory capacity. However, there is currently no real-time memory controller for multichannel memories, and there is no methodology to optimally configure multichannel memories in real-time systems. As a first work toward this direction, we present two main contributions in this article: (1) a configurable real-time multichannel memory controller architecture with a novel method for logical-to-physical address translation and (2) two design-time methods to map memory clients to the memory channels, one an optimal algorithm based on an integer programming formulation of the mapping problem, and the other a fast heuristic algorithm. We demonstrate the real-time guarantees on bandwidth and latency provided by our multichannel memory controller architecture by experimental evaluation. Furthermore, we compare the performance of the mapping problem formulation in a solver and the heuristic algorithm against two existing mapping algorithms in terms of computation time and mapping success ratio. We show that an optimal solution can be found in 2 hours using the solver and in less than 1 second with less than 7% mapping failure using the heuristic for realistically sized problems. Finally, we demonstrate configuring a Wide IO DRAM in a high-definition (HD) video and graphics processing system to emphasize the practical applicability and effectiveness of this work.
Metallurgical Mechanism and Niobium Effects on Improved Mechanical Properties in high Carbon Steels (2015)

The technological development of value-added applications for niobium (Nb) microalloyed structural steels has expanded into the high carbon long products sector. Micro additions of 0.005 to 0.020%Nb in various high carbon steel compositions have exhibited improved processing, such as wire drawability or formabilityduring manufacturing, higher productivity at reduced operational cost as well as improved mechanical properties compared to traditional non-Nb bearing high carbon steels. Although the Nb solubility is limited in high carbon steels compared to low carbon steels, the optimized Nb contenthas been defined based on experimental results and now transferred into industrial operations. The Nb delays the pearlite transformation, hence resulting in a finer interlammelar spacing compared to traditional high carbon pearliticsteels. Consequently, the optimized Nb contentleads to improved mechanical properties due to this finer interlamellar pearlite spacing. Opportunities exist to transfer this new Nb-technology into wire rods, bolts, rails and tire cord.
Maximize the Placement of Wells and Production in Unconventional Reservoirs:Part 1 (2012)

Abstract Over the past decade significant supplies of natural gas have been discovered in shale. While the development of new technologies has driven down the cost of gas extraction, pursuing natural gas in shale continues to be risky and capital-intensive. Producers seek the most productive zones in their shale basins, as well as continued improvement in hydraulic fracturing processes. Decreasing costs and reducing risk while maximizing shale gas production necessitates innovative, advanced analytical capabilities that can give you a comprehensive understanding of the reservoir heterogeneity in order to extract hidden predictive information, identify drivers and leading indicators of efficient well production, determine the best intervals for stimulation, and recommend optimum stimulation processes and frequencies. Modeling, simulating and predicting well productivity requires integrated exploratory, predictive and forecasting capabilities underpinned by advanced analytical models to unlock the true potential of each wellbore. Without the critical insight enabled by integrated analysis to pair productivity analysis with economic feasibility, companies face significant risk and uncertainty when developing new wells or optimizing production of extant wellbores. This paper walks through two case studies implemented in the Bakken and Pinedale assets in the United States, exemplifying data mining workflows that successfully improved hydrocarbon production.
Self-Assembly and Characterization of Multimetallic Grid-Type Lead(II) Complexes (1999)

The formation of grid-type inorganic architectures of [2×2], [3×3], and [4×4] size (depicted here) occurs by self-assembly from lead(II) ions and ligands containing tridentate binding sites. Well-defined inorganic architectures of high complexity may thus be obtained in a single overall step by a spontaneous but controlled process.
Texture analysis and morphological processing of magnetic resonance imaging assist detection of focal cortical dysplasia in extra‐temporal partial epilepsy (2001)

In many patients, focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is characterized by minor structural changes that may go unrecognized by standard radiological analysis. To increase the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of subtle lesions of FCD, we developed voxel-based image postprocessing methods, including first-order texture analysis and morphological processing modeled on known MRI features of FCD. We selected 16 patients with histologically proven FCD. Image processing features were calculated over a neighborhood for each voxel in the three-dimensional T1-weighted MRI. Three feature maps were generated: (1) gray matter thickness map to model cortical thickening, (2) gradient map to model blurring of the gray matter–white matter junction, and (3) relative intensity map to model the hyperintense signal within the lesion. Two observers detected lesions on conventional MRI in 8/16 and on ratio maps in 14/16 patients. Sensitivity was 87.5% (14/16) for the ratio maps compared to 50% (8/16) for MRI (p < 0.003). Specificity was 95% (19/20) for ratio maps and 100% (20/20) for MRIs. Cohen's kappa was 0.53 for MRIs, indicating moderate agreement, and 0.83 for ratio maps, indicating strong agreement beyond chance between the 2 observers. The image-processing methods developed in this study improve visual detection of FCD, even in cases where no lesion is obvious on MRI. These techniques could increase the number of patients with partial epilepsy who could benefit from surgery.
Low‐Pressure GDS Applications (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: General Analysis Repair Applications of GDS Technology LPGDS Composite Coatings for Mechanical Components LPGDS Technology Characterization and Experimental Procedure Results and Discussion Characterization Sliding Wear Behavior Analysis of Worn Surfaces Wear Microstructure Wear Process Casting Repair Casting Die Components Repair Car Body Shape Repair Hardening by LPGDS Deposition General Remarks LPGDS of Ni—SiC Powder Mixtures Deposition Efficiency Microhardness and Microscratching Corrosion Protection Through GDS Deposition General Remarks Examination of Al—Zn-based Sacrificial Coatings GDS Processing of Smart Components General Remarks Technology Description Results and Discussion Concluding Remarks
Parallelism and performance in communication subsystems (2003)

This paper discusses the impact of various design and implementation factors on the performance of a communication subsystem. Measurements obtained from two different software implementations of the same protocol (ISO 8802-2 logical link control protocol type 2) over three different experimental hardware platforms are used as a basis for comparison. The impact of exploiting parallelism is especially emphasized. The effects of software structure and optimized hand coding are also discussed. Although some results pertain to only one specific protocol, similarities with other connection-oriented protocols can be drawn.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Novel Bromination Method for Anilines and Anisoles Using NH<sub>4</sub>Br/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>in CH<sub>3</sub>COOH (2004)

Abstract A simple, efficient, regioselective, environmentally safe, and economical method for the oxybromination of anilines and anisoles without catalyst is reported. The electrophilic substitution of bromine generated in situ from ammonium bromide as a bromine source and hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant for the first time.
A New Process for Drug Loaded Nanocapsules Preparation Using a Membrane Contactor (2005)

In this paper, we describe a new process for the preparation of drug loaded nanocapsules using a membrane contactor which may be scaled up for industrial applications. Nanocapsules are prepared according to the nanoprecipitation method. The organic phase (solvent, polymer, oil, and drug) is pressed through the pores of an ultrafiltration membrane via the filtrate side. The aqueous phase (water and surfactant) circulates inside the membrane module, and sweeps away the nanocaspules forming at the pore outlets. Two model drugs are selected for the preparation of drug loaded nanocapsules: indomethacin and vitamin E. It is shown that indomethacin loaded nanocapsules with a mean diameter of 240 nm and vitamin E loaded nanocapsules with a mean diameter of 230 nm are obtained with a 150,000 daltons ultrafiltration membrane, a transmembrane pressure of 3 bar, and a crossflow rate of 1.7 m.s(- 1). High fluxes are also obtained (around 0.6 m3/h.m2), leading to the preparation of 1.8 10(- 3) m3 drug loaded nanocapsules in 8 min. The advantage of this membrane contactor compared to other processes for drug loaded nanocapsules preparation is shown to be its scale-up ability.
New Therapeutic Targets for Drug Design Against Trypanosoma cruzi, Advances and Perspectives (2009)

Chagas disease is one of the most important parasitic diseases in Latin America, affecting 16 to 18 million people. Nifurtimox and Benznidazol are drugs that are commonly used in its treatment; however, these drugs produce several adverse reactions and are not effective in the chronic phase of the disease. Therefore, the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new compounds with potential activity against Trypanozoma cruzi are of great importance. We review six proteins involved in the biochemical metabolism of Trypanosoma cruzi that have recently been studied as potential targets for designing new drugs for Chagas disease. These are farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, trans-sialidase, cruzain cystein protease, trypanothione reductase, glucose 6-phosphate-dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate-dehydrogenase, and alpha-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase. We also review the advances of compounds recently designed based on structure-activity, and the perspectives of new compounds that inhibit these therapeutic targets.
A review of the L-arginine - nitric oxide - guanylate cyclase pathway as a mediator of lower urinary tract physiology and symptoms. (2003)

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common and costly conditions that affect millions of men and women worldwide. A focal area of research into the cause and potential treatment of LUTS is the nitric oxide pathway, which is involved in nerve-induced relaxation in the lower urinary tract. Isoforms of NOS, including nNOS, eNOS, and iNOS, have been identified in the lower urinary tract of both animals and humans. Nerves that are immunoreactive to nitric oxide synthase (NOS) mainly serve the bladder outlet region, but some serve the detrusor. Pathology of the l-arginine-nitric oxide-cGMP pathway involving nNOS and eNOS may lead to impaired relaxation of the urethral outlet, increased bladder afferent activity, and detrusor smooth muscle overactivity. Such pathology has been implicated in the conditions of detrusor instability, urinary incontinence and outlet obstruction. iNOS may play an important role in inflammatory and infectious conditions of the bladder. Strategic manipulation of nitric oxide (NO), or interventions that address its mechanisms of action, possibly by pharmacological means or with gene therapy, may restore function or produce desired functional effects in the lower urinary tract.
Subtidal Exchange in Eastern Long Island Sound (2016)

Abstract Long Island Sound (LIS) is a large and wide macrotidal estuary with distributed river inputs, including the Connecticut River (the largest freshwater source) that flows into the eastern LIS near the mouth. In 2010, shipboard surveys of salinity, temperature, and currents were collected along an across-estuary transect in eastern LIS. Numerical model results are compared to these observations and used to study the spatial and temporal variability of salinity, velocity, and freshwater and salt fluxes over a 4-yr period. For all low wind conditions, observations and model results indicate an outward-flowing, low-salinity wedge on the south side with an inward-flowing, higher-salinity area underneath and to the north. Observations and model results during the low wind surveys indicate that stratification substantially decreases with increased tidal amplitude and decreased river discharge; the velocity field is less variable among surveys. Model analysis indicates strong sensitivities to both tides and river discharge; with discharge response strongest for salinity and freshwater flux and tidal response larger for velocities, volume flux, and salt flux. The long-term average net freshwater and salt fluxes are outward and inward, respectively. For both flux types, subtidal shear dispersion is twice tidal oscillatory diffusion, and both contributions are in the same direction as the net flux. The uniform flow contribution is small for freshwater flux, yet it is the largest single term for salt flux and partially counters the inward contributions.
Effects ofAcuteCellular Injury on Coronary Vascular Reactivity inAwakeDogs (1978)

SUMMARY The study wasdesigned to examine effects of acute cellular injury on regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF)and cor- onary vascular reactivity. Before myocardial infarction in 14 dogs,RMBFwas measured using 7-lO,u microspheres during the hyper-emic response following a 60 sec transient ischemic stimulation(TIS). Myocardial infarction wasinducedbycomplete occlusion for two hours and then inflow to the injured area was re-established.RMBF was measured four hours later during basal conditions,following a 60 sec TIS and during infusion of adenosine, 1.0mg/kg/min. Effects ofacute cellular injury were examinedby mea- suring RMBFin multiple myocardial samples,grouped according to ISCHEMIA OFTHE MYOCARDIUM sufficient to ini-tiate acute myocardial injury effects local responses in thezone of ischemia which directly alter tissue perfusion.1-5 Studies from this laboratory6 have demonstrated that thealterations in regional myocardial perfusion which result from acutecellular injury are directly proportional
SEMICONDUCTOR MICROWAVE AMPLITUDE AND PHASE MODULATOR. (1965)

Experiments on the amplitude modulator were extended into the uhf range. Typical measurements on experimental epitaxial silicon diodes yielded modulation indices of approximately 50 percent at 220 Mc/s and approximately 15 percent at 400 Mc/s. This decrease in modulation depth with increasing modulation frequency appears to be due to the frequency sensitivity of the wafer in which the diode is mounted. A new test structure has been designed which will enable a more accurate and reliable measurement of the equivalent circuit parameters of the PIN diode at 70 Gc/s. This unit is presently being fabricated. An experimental method was established for tuning the varactor phase shifter for maximum phase shift. This condition of tuning does not correspond to minimum insertion loss. In the 70-Gc/s hybrid ring configuration 50 degrees of phase shift was obtained with a 3.4 dB insertion loss. A method for coating the surface of the point-contact GaAs varactors with a thin epoxy film was developed in an effort to improve varactor stability. Initial tests on fourteen diodes treated in this manner show promising results. (Author)
[From chondrocyte culture to joint cartilage replacement. Development of de novo cartilage in vitro]. (1998)

Local repair of acute or chronic cartilage lesions has not been successful so far. An attempt has been made to use synthetic materials to improve the quality of the repair tissue, but no method has achieved reliable regrowth of normal hyaline cartilage with adequate biomechanical properties and bonding to surrounding tissue. After publication of the first short-term results of chondrocyte transplantation in patients with localized cartilage lesions of the knee joints by a Swedish group in 1994 [1], the situation seems to have changed. Even though the advantages of this method of chondrocyte transplantation is a matter of controversy, the interest in the so-called "Carticel" approach has grown steadily. Indeed, the technique was recently approved by the FDA, on condition of a randomized, "placebo"-controlled trial. In view of this rapid development, we feel that independent experimental studies are urgently needed. In this article we present our own results in synthesizing de novo cartilage from cultured and phenotypically stable chondrocytes in a truly three-dimensional cartilage-like polyanionic matrix. With the experience gained in animals, we expect to set the stage for future experimental therapy in young human patients with early cartilage lesions.
Advanced radiant combustion system. Final report, September 1989--September 1996 (1996)

Results of the Advanced Radiant Combustion System (ARCS) project are presented in this report. This work was performed by Alzeta Corporation as prime contractor under a contract to the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Industrial Technologies as part of a larger DOE program entitled Research Program for Advanced Combustion Systems. The goals of the Alzeta ARCS project were to (a) Improve the high temperature performance characteristics of porous surface ceramic fiber burners, (b) Develop an Advanced Radiant Combustion System (ARCS) that combines combustion controls with an advanced radiant burner, and (c) Demonstrate the advanced burner and controls in an industrial application. Prior to the start of this project, Alzeta had developed and commercialized a porous surface radiant burner, the Pyrocore{trademark} burner. The product had been commercially available for approximately 5 years and had achieved commercial success in a number of applications ranging from small burners for commercial cooking equipment to large burners for low temperature industrial fluid heating applications. The burner was not recommended for use in applications with process temperatures above 1000{degrees}F, which prevented the burner from being used in intermediate to high temperature processes in the chemical and petroleum refining industries. The interest in increasing the maximum use temperature of the burner was motivated in part by a desire to expand the number of applications that could use the Pyrocore product, but also because many of the fluid sensitive heating applications of interest would benefit from the distributed flux characteristic of porous surface burners. Background information on porous surface radiant burners, and a discussion of advantages that would be provided by an improved product, are presented in Section 2.
Composition and temperature dependence of the refractive index in Cd<sub>1-x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>Te epitaxial films (1994)

We report on optical reflection measurements on ternary alloy (CdMg)Te thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Data have been obtained in the spectral range between 1.2 eV and 2.8 eV, and at temperatures between 300 K and 77 K. The reflection coefficient as a function of energy E has been theoretically described taking into account multiple reflections at the interfaces involved. The dispersion relation n2(E)=a+bE2/(1-(E/c)2) has been used. A comparison with the experimental data has yielded the refractive index as a function of energy. The value of the refractive index n is given as a function of energy for the ternary alloy (CdMg)Te for different Mg concentrations and different temperatures. These results are essential for designing efficient waveguides for semiconductor laser structures using (CdMg)Te as a base material.
Spectral characteristics of the double loop ΣΔ modulator (2002)

An important factor affecting the performance of /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators is their tone behavior. A recent approach to alleviate the tone problem consists of moving the open loop poles outside the unit circle. In this paper, we determine the frequency location of two dominant tones as a function of pole location and obtain a partial characterization of the spectral shape. Audio testing along with a series of simulations are then performed to compare the efficacy of pole placement with that of the more traditional tone removal technique of dithering.
Inducible Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue: Taming Inflammation in the Lung (2016)

Following pulmonary inflammation, leukocytes that infiltrate the lung often assemble into structures known as inducible Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (iBALT). Like conventional lymphoid organs, areas of iBALT have segregated B and T cell areas, specialized stromal cells, high endothelial venules, and lymphatic vessels. After inflammation is resolved, iBALT is maintained for months, independently of inflammation. Once iBALT is formed, it participates in immune responses to pulmonary antigens, including those that are unrelated to the iBALT-initiating antigen, and often alters the clinical course of disease. However, the mechanisms that govern immune responses in iBALT and determine how iBALT impacts local and systemic immunity are poorly understood. Here, we review our current understanding of iBALT formation and discuss how iBALT participates in pulmonary immunity.
AXONAL PROJECTIONS FROM RESPIRATORY CENTRES TOWARDS THE ROSTRAL VENTROLATERAL MEDULLA IN THE RAT (1992)

1. Efferent pathways from brainstem respiratory centres towards bulbospinal tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons were identified in the rat using a combination of electrophysiology, retrograde and anterograde tract-tracing, and immunohistochemistry. 2. Varicose axons originating from respiratory centres were found in close apposition to bulbospinal tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons in the ventrolateral medulla. 3. These findings support the idea that respiratory rhythms in sympathetic nerves may be due to a synaptic connection between brainstem respiratory neurons and bulbospinal tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons of the C1 cell group.