gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silent GERD: Is It Different Physiologically than GERD? (2009)

Purpose: In patients with extraesophageal symptoms without concomitant heartburn (HB) or regurgitation (regurg), there is controversy regarding the role of reflux disease. In this “silent GERD” category of patients, recent AGA guidelines (Gastroenterology 2008; 135:1392-1413) recommend against acid suppression. The presumption being that in those with extraesophageal symptoms acid reflux is less likely in the absence of typical GERD symptoms. However, there are limited data to support this premise. The aim of this physiologic study was to investigate if the esophageal acid exposures at baseline are different among patients with presenting complaints of HB/regurg (esophageal syndrome) compared to patients with extraesophageal symptoms (with or without concomitant HB/regurg). Methods: Patients with presenting complaints of HB/regurg and those with extraesophageal symptoms with or w/o concomitant HB/regurg underwent EGD and 48-hr wireless pH monitoring off PPI. Presence of esophagitis, size of hiatal hernia and degree of esophageal acid exposure (total, upright and supine) for both day 1 and day 2 were assessed. Physiologic findings and demographic data (age, gender, BMI) were compared. Regression models were used to assess for predictors of abnormal esophageal acid exposure. Results: 233 pts (mean age 51 yrs; 86% Caucasian; 75% female) were studied. 116 pts had HB/regurg as their chief complaint (Group A) and 117 pts had extraesophageal sx's (cough—38%, chest pain—30%, hoarseness—22%, asthma-5%, post-nasal drip 5%) of which 43 (37%) had concomitant HB/regurg as chief complaint (Group B) and 74 (63%) did not (Group C). The median BMI, prevalence of esophagitis, hiatal hernia, % subjects with abnormal esophageal reflux as well as % time pH<4 were similar between the three groups (Table). More than half (68%) of patients with extraesophageal sx's w/o HB/regurg. (Group C) had abnormal pH monitoring, similar to the pts with typical esophageal symptoms (Group A) (65%) and pts with extraesophageal symptom with HB/ regurg (Group B) (53%). The median (25%-75%) % time pH<4 was similar (p=0.35) in all three groups; Group A=7.5% (4.3%-10.4%); Group B=5.6% (2.0%-10.2%); Group C=6.8% (4.7%-11.4%) (Table) and did not differ for day 1 or day 2 of the pH monitoring. Regression model identified presence of hiatal hernia as the only significant contributor to esophageal acid exposure (p=0.037).TableConclusion: Our data casts doubt into the widely held notion that patients with extra-esophageal symptoms without HB/regurg are less likely to have reflux. We found that this group of patients are equally likely to have physiologic esophageal acid exposure, esophageal mucosal damage and structural defects such as hiatal hernia. Thus, GERD may be “silent” but not absent.
Reminiscence Shown by de Vries Electroclinic Liquid Crystal Material (2007)

De Vries as well as conventional ferroelectric liquid crystals have been studied using X-ray, electro-optical, and dielectric spectroscopy to outline the major distinct points of the two. We demonstrate that the second order transition as found in the studied de Vries material is one of the results of the randomization of the molecules pertaining into smectic A (Sm A) phase from Sm C* phase. Experiments show that the material exhibits a reminiscence behavior increasing with the every bias application.
Modulation of Endocannabinoid-Binding Receptors in Human Neuroblastoma Cells by Tunicamycin (2019)

Endocannabinoid (eCB)-binding receptors can be modulated by several ligands and membrane environment, yet the effect of glycosylation remains to be assessed. In this study, we used human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells to interrogate whether expression, cellular localization, and activity of eCB-binding receptors may depend on <i>N</i>-linked glycosylation. Following treatment with tunicamycin (a specific inhibitor of <i>N</i>-linked glycosylation) at the non-cytotoxic dose of 1 µg/mL, mRNA, protein levels and localization of eCB-binding receptors, as well as <i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues, were evaluated in SH-SY5Y cells by means of quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and confocal microscopy, respectively. In addition, the activity of type-1 and type-2 cannabinoid receptors (CB₁ and CB₂) was assessed by means of rapid binding assays. Significant changes in gene and protein expression were found upon tunicamycin treatment for CB₁ and CB₂, as well as for GPR55 receptors, but not for transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). Deglycosylation experiments with <i>N</i>-glycosidase-F and immunoblot of cell membranes derived from SH-SY5Y cells confirmed the presence of one glycosylated form in CB₁ (70 kDa), that was reduced by tunicamycin. Morphological studies demonstrated the co-localization of CB₁ with GlcNAc residues, and showed that tunicamycin reduced CB₁ membrane expression with a marked nuclear localization, as confirmed by immunoblotting. Cleavage of the carbohydrate side chain did not modify CB receptor binding affinity. Overall, these results support <i>N</i>-linked glycosylation as an unprecedented post-translational modification that may modulate eCB-binding receptors' expression and localization, in particular for CB₁.
Lattice parameter of the non-stoichiometric compound TiN<sub><i>x</i></sub> (1975)

Contamination-free TiNx was prepared and the lattice parameter (a0)–nitrogen content (x) relation determined. The result can be expressed as a0 = 4.1925 + 0.0467x (in Å) in the range 0.605 ≤ x ≤ 0.999. Density measurement showed that no titanium vacancies existed in the lattice.
Spiking dynamics of interacting oscillatory neurons (2005)

Spiking sequences emerging from dynamical interaction in a pair of oscillatory neurons are investigated theoretically and experimentally. The model comprises two unidirectionally coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo units with modified excitability (MFHN). The first (master) unit exhibits a periodic spike sequence with a certain frequency. The second (slave) unit is in its excitable mode and responds on the input signal with a complex (chaotic) spike trains. We analyze the dynamic mechanisms underlying different response behavior depending on interaction strength. Spiking phase maps describing the response dynamics are obtained. Complex phase locking and chaotic sequences are investigated. We show how the response spike trains can be effectively controlled by the interaction parameter and discuss the problem of neuronal information encoding.
Construction and expression of a metallothionein–β-glucuronidase gene fusion (1994)

A gene fusion consisting of the Chinese hamster metallothionein II and beta-glucuronidase coding regions was constructed. The fusion protein expressed in Escherichia coli retained cadmium-binding capacity and beta-glucuronidase activity. When expressed from the constitutive 35S promoter in transgenic tobacco, the levels of 109Cd accumulation in leaves were reduced to about 70% of those in untransformed control plants. Metallothionin-beta-glucuronidase did not sequester a significant proportion of the leaf 109Cd taken up through the roots in vitro and therefore a sink for Cd was not created.
Development of a reconfigurable miniature throwable robot for indoor surveillance (2012)

This paper presents an innovative mechanical design of a reconfigurable miniature throwable robot. The robot keeps in spherical shape to buffer shock and to protect inner sub-systems in falling, and it transforms to a two-wheeled mobile robot in surveillance via wireless control. Two generations of the robot have been constructed, and details in mechanical design, principle of transformation and a servo-system for adjusting view level of micro-camera are discussed. Experiments are also presented, and effectiveness of the design has been approved.
Binary polar code kernels from code decompositions (2011)

Code decompositions (a.k.a code nestings) are used to design good binary polar code kernels. The proposed kernels are in general non-linear and show a better rate of polarization under successive cancelation decoding, than the ones suggested by Korada et al., for the same kernel dimensions. In particular, we construct kernels of sizes 14, 15 and 16 providing polarization rates better than any binary kernel of such sizes.
Catalyst Design for High Performance Engines Capable to Fulfill Future Legislation (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">To meet future emission levels the industry is trying to reduce tailpipe emissions by both, engine measures and the development of novel aftertreatment concepts. The present study focuses on a joint development of aftertreatment concepts for gasoline engines that are optimized in terms of the exhaust system design, the catalyst technology and the system costs. The best performing system contains a close-coupled catalyst double brick arrangement using a new high thermal stable catalyst technology with low precious metal loading. This system also shows an increased tolerance against catalyst poisoning by engine oil.</div>
Interaction of Water with Self-Assembled Monolayers:  Neutron Reflectivity Measurements of the Water Density in the Interface Region (2003)

We applied neutron reflectivity measurements to hydrophilic and hydrophobic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to probe water density at these interfaces. The measurements were motivated by a previous theoretical study which reported a reduced water density at a hydrophobic surface (Lum, K.; Chandler, D.; Weeks, J. D. J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 4570) and by our own computer simulations on the hydration force and water density between two methoxy tri(ethylene glycol) terminated undecylthiolate SAMs adsorbed on gold substrates used to study protein adsorption. These simulations predicted that the surfaces are slightly hydrophobic and are characterized by a reduced water density at the interface (Pertsin, A. J.; Hayashi, T.; Grunze, M. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 12274). In disagreement with the marginal reduction in water density derived in the simulations, the neutron reflectivity measurements reported here indicate an unexpectedly extended (∼4 nm) water layer at the SAM surface with a noticeably reduced density (85−90% of the density of bulk water). The reproducibility of the experimental results with the methoxy tri(ethylene glycol) terminated undecylthiolate SAMs was confirmed with four different samples and by one measurement using a contrast-matched D2O/H2O water mixture. We also used neutron reflectivity measurements to study the water density at the water/SAM interface of hydroxy hexa(ethylene glycol) and hydroxy tri(ethylene glycol) terminated undecylthiolate SAMs. Except for one of the hydroxy hexa(ethylene glycol) samples studied, the results are consistent with the presence of bulk water in direct contact with the interface. We also discuss possible artifacts and problems in the analysis. Our results on nonfunctionalized hydrophobic octadecanethiolate and hydrophilic hydroxy-terminated undecylthiolate SAMs give physically unreasonable and nonconclusive models for the water interface on these surfaces, respectively. The best fit of the data for the hydrophobic surface gives an unreasonably low water density, possibly due to the presence of air inclusions in the film and/or adsorbed air “nanobubbles”. The results obtained on the hydrophilic hydroxy-terminated surface can be fitted equally well with a model assuming an interface water density that is higher or lower than that of bulk water, demonstrating the ambiguities associated with describing the organic/liquid interface with a box model for the Q range accessible in our experiment.
The SOPHY framework: simulation, observation and planning in hybrid systems (2005)

The goal of the SOPHY framework (Simulation, Observation and Planning in Hybrid Systems) is to implement a multi-level framework for description, simulation, observation, fault detection and recovery, diagnosis and autonomous planning in distributed embedded hybrid systems. A Java-based distributed, hybrid simulator is implemented to demonstrate the virtues of SOPHY. The simulator is set up using subsystem models described in human readable XML combined with a composition structure allowing virtual interconnection of subsystems in a simulation scenario. The performance of the simulator has shown to be very dependent on the way its distributability is utilised revealing both the limitations and strengths introduced by delegating computation tasks in a distributed architecture.
Combined Analysis of Transient Delay Characteristics and Delay Autocorrelation Function in the<b><i>G</i></b><b><i>e</i></b><b><i>o</i></b><sup><b><i>X</i></b></sup>/<b><i>G</i></b>/<b>1</b>Queue (2012)

We perform a discrete-time analysis of customer delay in a buffer with batch arrivals. The delay of the kth customer that enters the FIFO buffer is characterized under the assumption that the numbers of arrivals per slot are independent and identically distributed. By using supplementary variables and generating functions, z-transforms of the transient delays are calculated. Numerical inversion of these transforms lead to results for the moments of the delay of the kth customer. For computational reasons k cannot be too large. Therefore, these numerical inversion results are complemented by explicit analytic expressions for the asymptotics for large k. We further show how the results allow us to characterize jitter-related variables, such as the autocorrelation of the delay in steady state.
2,2‐Dimethyl‐α,α,α′,α′‐tetrakis(β‐naphthyl)‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4,5‐dimethanol (DINOL) for the Titanate‐Mediated Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes (1991)

Et2Zn can be also added selectively to aliphatic aldehydes in selectivities that are hardly ever achievable otherwise (in some cases greater than 99.5:0.5), if 1, a seven-membered ring containing titanium, is used as catalyst in the presence of stoichiometric quantities of Ti-(OCHMe2)4. A linear relationship exists between the enantiomeric purity of auxiliary and product.
CCDC 715727: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2010)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
A local search approach for generating directional data (2016)

In application fields such as linguistic and computer vision there is an increasing need of reference data for the empirical analysis of new methods and the assessment of different algorithms. Current evaluations are based on few real-life collections or on artificial data generators built on model s that are too simplistic to cover real scenarios and to allow researchers to identify crucial limitations of their algorithms. We propose a flexible approach to generate high-dimensional vectors, with directional properties controlled by the distribution of their pair-wise cosine distances. The generation method is formulated as a non-linear continuous optimization problem, which is solved with a computationally efficient local search algorithm. We show with an empirical study that our approach can create large high-dimensional data collections with desired properties in reasonable time.
Workforce Agility in Repair and Maintenance Environments (2007)

In this paper we consider workforce management in repair/maintenance environments in which repairmen are cross-trained to attend more than one type of machine. In this context, we study the machine-repairman problem with heterogeneous machines but with partially cross-trained repairmen. We introduce simple repairman-assignment rules as well as machine-priority rules that are effective in minimizing the machine downtime costs, or balancing the percentage of working machines of different types. We show that static machine priority rules are effective in minimizing systems downtime costs, while a generalized version of the longest queue policy is effective in balancing the percentage of working machines. We also introduce the concept of hidden symmetry in repair environments, and show that the well-known chain repairman skill set structure performs very well in repair environments with hidden symmetry. Finally, we provide insights into the design and control issues of repair/maintenance systems with cross-trained repairmen.
Identifying the murine mammary cell target of metformin exposure (2019)

The heterogeneity of breast cancer makes current therapies challenging. Metformin, the anti-diabetic drug, has shown promising anti-cancer activities in epidemiological studies and breast cancer models. Yet, how metformin alters the normal adult breast tissue remains elusive. We demonstrate metformin intake at a clinically relevant dose impacts the hormone receptor positive (HR+) luminal cells in the normal murine mammary gland. Metformin decreases total cell number, progenitor capacity and specifically reduces DNA damage in normal HR+ luminal cells, decreases oxygen consumption rate and increases cell cycle length of luminal cells. HR+ luminal cells demonstrate the lowest levels of mitochondrial respiration and capacity to handle oxidative stress compared to the other fractions, suggesting their intrinsic susceptibility to long-term metformin exposure. Uncovering HR+ luminal cells in the normal mammary gland as the major cell target of metformin exposure could identify patients that would most benefit from repurposing this anti-diabetic drug for cancer prevention/therapy purposes.
National kidney foundation: dialysis outcome quality initiative-development of methodology for clinical practice guidelines (1997)

The NKF-DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines has been a unifying effort for the entire renal community. The guidelines are an important step in the process of improving the quality of dialysis practice and improving ESRF patient outcomes. Priorities for implementation of the guidelines include education of ESRF professionals and patients, working with providers and insurers to encourage compliance, and follow-up evaluation of patient outcomes to quantify compliance results.
Intel Mote-based sensor networks (2005)

The Intel Mote is a new sensor node platform motivated by several design goals: increased CPU performance, improved radio bandwidth and reliability, as well as the usage of commercial off-the-shelf components in order to maintain cost-effectiveness. This paper details the new platform architecture as well as practical experiences with the new mote regarding CPU and radio performance, networking algorithms, and battery life. The new platform is built around an integrated wireless microcontroller consisting of an ARM7 core, a Bluetooth radio, RAM and FLASH memory, as well as various I/O options. Due to the connection-oriented nature of Bluetooth, new network formation and maintenance algorithms that are optimized for this protocol have been created. In particular, the ‘scatternet’ mode of Bluetooth has been successfully adapted to form networks comprised of multiple piconets. The Intel Mote software architecture is based on an ARM port of TinyOS. Networking and routing layers have been created on top of the TinyOS base to provide the underlying multi-hop functionality. The network is self-organizing on startup and has mechanisms to repair failed links and circumvent failed nodes. Lower level functionality has been abstracted in the higher-level interface to allow the application programmer to utilize a virtual mesh network view without having to manage details of the Bluetooth operation. A reliable high bandwidth streaming transport layer has also been created. The Intel Mote was deployed in a pilot equipment monitoring application using industrial vibration sensors. This application was chosen since it benefits from the increased platform capabilities and network bandwidth of the Intel Mote platform. It also represents a potentially large market in the industrial monitoring and controls sector. The paper presents a detailed analysis of the observed network operation, packet transfer rates and power consumption. More importantly, a number of the technical features of this application can be extended to other areas such as building and structural monitoring. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Spine Soft Tissue Stiffening on Biomechanics of Lumbar Spine: A FEA Study (2013)

Spine stiffening or also called Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a type of progressive arthritis that leads to a chronic inflammation affecting spinal column and sacroiliac joints (SI). Long-term inflammation of the spinal joints (called Spondylitis) leads to calcium deposits forming on the ligaments and around the intervertebral discs. Subsequent tissue inflammation resulted from deposition of calcium, causes the spine to stiffen and potential mobility loss. This may result in clinical sequelae such as long-term disability and in complete fusion of vertebral column (Ankylosis) in severe cases [1]. Current literature on AS and its effects on segmental biomechanics is not known. Hence, this study designed to investigate the biomechanical effects of spine stiffening through changing the stiffness of soft tissue (ligaments & discs) across lumbar spine using finite element (FE) analysis.
Genetically Essential and Nonessential α-Tubulin Genes Specify Functionally Interchangeable Proteins (1986)

Microtubules in yeast are essential components of the mitotic and meiotic spindles and are essential for nuclear movement during cell division and mating. The relative importance in these processes of the two divergent alpha-tubulin genes of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, TUB1 and TUB3, was examined through the construction of null mutations and by increasing their copy number on chromosomes and on plasmids. Experiments with null alleles of TUB3 showed that TUB3 was not essential for mitosis, meiosis, or mating. Null alleles of TUB3, however, did cause several phenotypes, including hypersensitivity to the antimicrotubule drug benomyl and poor spore viability. On the other hand, the TUB1 gene was essential for growth of normal haploid cells. Even in diploids heterozygous for a TUB1 null allele, several dominant phenotypes were evident, including slow growth and poor sporulation. This functional difference between the two genes is apparently due to different levels of expression, because extra copies of either gene could suppress the defects caused by a null mutation in the other. We conclude that in spite of the 10% divergence between the products of the two genes, there is no essential qualitative functional difference between them.
Sensitivity analysis of fiber bragg grating sensors coated by metal films produced by the laser-assisted maskless microdeposition process (2011)

The sensitivity required for optical fiber sensors such as fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) is highly dependent on applications, environment of use and the magnitude of physical parameters measured by the sensor. In addition, such sensitivity dependency is more complicated if FBGs are embedded in metallic structures using laser-assisted additive manufacturing. One of the methodologies for the improvement of the sensitivity of FBGs is to coat them with thin films. The coating not only protects the optical fiber sensors but also improves their sensitivity. In this paper, we propose a combined coating process for on-fiber thin film deposition using Laser Assisted Maskless Microdeposition (LAMM) followed by electroless Ni plating. An analytical/numerical model is also developed to study the effect of coating thickness on the sensor sensitivity. In addition, the role of laser parameters on the coating characteristics such as appearance quality and compositions is experimentally investigated.