gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): why biopsy? (2002)

The leading article by Day ( Gut2002;50:585–8 [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] ) provides a valuable summary of the current understanding of the pathogenesis and clinical relevance of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The article also makes two points clear: (a) we have little ability to provide accurate prognostic information in an individual patient, even when liver histology is available, and (b) although there is the promise of new treatments, the only known effective therapy at present, for the obese patient, is weight loss. Why then should these patients be subjected to liver biopsy? Day proposes that a subgroup of patients with suspected fatty liver should undergo biopsy, including those with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) more than twice the upper limit of normal, aspartate aminotransferase >ALT values, “moderate” central obesity, non-insulin dependent diabetes, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridaemia. Gastroenterologists are commonly referred patients fulfilling these criteria but is liver biopsy likely to affect their management? The only therapeutic option at present is weight loss and all obese patients should of course lose weight, whether they have simple steatosis, NASH, or even normal liver biochemistry. A number of arguments may be used to justify liver biopsy in these patients; histopathology may reveal unexpected findings and the results may allow more accurate prognostic information to be given to the patient. Sherwood and colleagues1 identified 342 patients found on screening by their general practitioner to have liver enzymes raised above twice the normal upper limit who had not been referred to a specialist for further assessment. Of these, less than half were thought to require further investigation, approximately one third of whom had normal results on repeat testing. Following investigation of the remainder in a gastroenterology clinic, alcoholic liver disease and … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DGut%26rft.stitle%253DGut%26rft.issn%253D0017-5749%26rft.aulast%253DDay%26rft.auinit1%253DC%2BP%26rft.volume%253D50%26rft.issue%253D5%26rft.spage%253D585%26rft.epage%253D588%26rft.atitle%253DNon-alcoholic%2Bsteatohepatitis%2B%2528NASH%2529%253A%2Bwhere%2Bare%2Bwe%2Bnow%2Band%2Bwhere%2Bare%2Bwe%2Bgoing%253F%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fgut.50.5.585%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11950797%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=gutjnl&resid=50/5/585&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F51%2F6%2F898.atom
Evaluation of vitamin <scp>C</scp> and vitamin <scp>E</scp> for prevention of postoperative adhesion: A rat uterine horn model study (2014)

Administration of VC or VE i.p. was observed to be effective in the prevention of postoperative adhesion formation in an experimental model.
A robust frequency compensation scheme for LDO regulators (2003)

In the frequency compensation scheme of low drop out (LDO) voltage regulators, a zero generated by the series combination of load capacitor and its electro static resistance (ESR) plays an important role. This frequency compensation tends to be inefficient, as one has to take into consideration a range of specified values for load capacitor and R/sub ESR/, along with their variation with process and temperature. This paper presents a robust frequency compensation scheme that generates a zero internally without relying on RESR of load capacitor. The proposed frequency compensation has better RF noise rejection, low power consumption and improved transient response. The LDO regulator is designed in 0.35/spl mu/m TSMC technology.
C1027 Chromophore, a Potent New Enediyne Antitumor Antibiotic, Induces Sequence-Specific Double-Strand DNA Cleavage (1994)

C1027, a new macromolecular antitumor antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces strain, shows highly potent cytotoxicity to cultured cancer cells and marked DNA cleaving ability. The structure of its chromophore, responsible for most of the biological activities of the antibiotic, was recently determined and found to contain a nine-membered enediyne. In contrast to other enediyne antibiotics, such as neocarzinostatin, calicheamicin, esperamicin, and recently found kedarcidin, C1027 damages duplex DNA even in the absence of thiols. The DNA damage caused by C1027 includes double-strand breaks, single-strand breaks, and abasic sites. Experiments with plasmid DNA and 32P-end-labeled restriction fragments demonstrated that the chromophore, extracted from the protein-containing holoantibiotic, interacts in the DNA minor groove and cleaves double-helical DNA with a remarkable sequence-selectivity causing direct double-strand breaks. The double-strand cleavage sites, occurring predominantly at CTTTT/AAAAG, ATAAT/ATTAT, CTTTA/TAAAG, CTCTT/AAGAG, and especially GTTAT/ATAAC, consist of five nucleotide sequences with a two-nucleotide 3'-stagger of the cleaved residues (cutting sites are underlined). The chemical structures of the damaged residues at the GTTAT/ATAAC cleavage site suggest a model in which a C1027-induced double-strand break results from abstraction, by a single molecule of the diradical form of the chromophore, of a C4' hydrogen atom from the A residue of GTTAT and a C5' hydrogen atom from the A of ATAAC on the opposite strand. Single-strand breaks, which are mainly produced at adenylate and thymidylate residues, appear to be separate events presumably resulting from different binding modes of the drug to DNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Direct Current Microampere Integrator (1952)

A current integrator with a current range of 0–10/1000 microamperes consisting of a feedback stabilized current amplifier whose output is fed to the current coil of a modified Thompson watthour meter is described. Inasmuch as the no-load speed of this meter is directly proportional to the current supplied, the desired integrated result is obtained by the use of a revolution counter operating at nearly zero torque. The net accuracy achieved is about one percent of full scale.
שפתי ישינים (1979)

Lithium aluminum hydride reduction of exo-5,6-trimethylenenorbornan-2-one oxime gave in good yield exo-5,6-trimethylenenorbornan-2-endo-amine, from which a number of amides were prepared by reaction with acyl chlorides. Lithium aluminum hydride reduction of the above-mentioned amides afforded N-substituted exo-5,6-trimethylenenorbornan-2-endo-amines in good yields. Some amides showed CNS depressant and anti convulsant activity, and an amine convulsant activity in mice.
Noise margin-optimized ternary CMOS SRAM delay and sizing characteristics (2010)

This paper presents the design and simulation of a ternary CMOS SRAM cell. A 16 × 16 ternary SRAM with ternary-compatible addressing was designed in a 0.18 μm process and the rise and fall delays were compared with a 16 × 16 binary SRAM. The ternary SRAM was created using cross-coupled ternary inverters. The inverters were optimized for high noise-margins and the optimum transistor sizings were presented. SPICE simulation was performed to compare the delay characteristics of the binary and ternary inverters and SRAM arrays. SPICE simulations confirmed correct functional behaviour of the READ and WRITE operations. The READ delay of the ternary SRAM was comparable to that of the binary counterpart for all cases except for the fall time from {2}⇔{1} while the WRITE delay favoured the binary SRAM by a small amount.
Doppler imaging of AR Lacertae at three epochs (1988)

Observations from IUE were used to study the structure of the lower chromosphere of AR Lacertae in the light of Mg II k. Sequences of LWR/P-HI images distributed around the binary period at three epochs were obtained. Discrete plage-like regions of enhanced Mg II surface flux in this system are identified. There are temporal variations in the Mg II flux on timescales of hours as well as substantial changes in chromospheric morphology on timescales of years. Even with the limited S/N attainable with the IUE, one can map the gross structures of active stellar atmospheres. With such information, one can begin to study the true 3-D structure of the atmospheres of late-type stars.
Electrochemical Behavior of Novel Ti/IrO<i><sub>x</sub></i>−Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>−SnO<sub>2</sub> Anodes (2002)

There are growing interests in anodes for oxygen evolution because of the importance of this reaction in many electrochemical processes such as water electrolysis, electroplating, electrosynthesis, metal electrowinning, and electroflotation. Ternary IrOx−Sb2O5−SnO2 has been shown to be among the best elecytrocatalysts for oxygen evolution. Its high stability and relatively low cost will make it more attractive than IrOx and many other electrocatalytic materials. In this paper, the open-circuit potential, voltammetric behavior, oxygen evolution mechanism, and kinetics of the IrOx−Sb2O5−SnO2 coated titanium anodes were studied. It was found that the open-circuit potential could change significantly during the initial period of time probably because of the hydration of the coating film. Cyclic voltammograms obtained on Ti/IrOx−Sb2O5−SnO2 were somewhat different from those on IrOx coated anodes. Apparent cathodic peaks from Ir(III)/Ir(IV) and Ir(IV)/Ir(V) were observed. However, the corresponding anodic peaks were very weak. Voltammetric investigation also showed that Ti/IrOx−Sb2O5−SnO2 could provide fast electron transfer. Despite high anodic stability, severe damage occurred when a Ti/IrOx−Sb2O5−SnO2 electrode was cathodically polarized. An O2 evolution mechanism involving cyclic formation and decomposition of ⋮IrO2 was proposed. The Tafel slope and ∂E/∂log aH+ obtained were 86 and 45 mV dec-1, respectively.
Comparison of the effects of corticosteroids and indomethacin on the response of the blood-aqueous barrier to injury (1987)

Aqueous protein content was estimated as a measure of the integrity of the blood-aqueous barrier after paracentesis or argon laser photo-coagulation of the iris in rabbits. Corticosteroid pretreatment topically or by subconjunctival or intramuscular injection exerted only a moderate inhibitory effect on the breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier. Instillation of 0.1% indomethacin however, strongly inhibited the response in both models. The results are indicative of the potential usefulness of topical administration of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors in the treatment of non-infectious inflammatory diseases.
Integral toxicity test of sea waters by an algal biosensor. (2002)

An integral toxicity test, based on an algal biosensor and suitable to be used in sea water, is presented. The biosensor was designed and built by coupling a Clark oxygen electrode as transducer and the marine alga Spirulina subsalsa as biological mediator; it constitutes the "core" in a lab-scale prototype of a flow apparatus suitable to continuously monitor, in sea water, the photosynthetic activity of the alga and, from its variation, the marine pollution from the toxicological point of view. Inorganic pollutants (heavy metals) were tested in previous researches while organic ones (chlorophenols, pesticides and surfactants) are the object of the present paper.
The Heat Production of Pancreatic β‐Cells Stimulated by Glucose (1975)

A recently developed batch microcalorimeter was used for studying heat production in beta-cell-rich pancreatic islets isolated from obese-hyperglycemic mice. In the absence of glucose, the rate of heat production was 50 nW/islet increasing to 90 nW/islet when the islets were exposed to 20 mM glucose. The data obtained are consistent with an increase in the caloric value of oxygen with glucose concentration, as might be expected when the beta-cells utilize proportionally more carbohydrate as a source of energy.
[Preparation and in vitro evaluation of pDNA-CaPi-PLGA nanoparticles with a core-shell structure]. (2013)

To develop a core-shell structure pDNA-CaPi-PLGA nanoparticles (CS-pDNA-CaPi-PLGA-NPs), calcium phosphate-pDNA nano complexes (CaPi-pDNA) were encapsulated inside of PLGA shells. The characteristics of the nanoparticles, including morphology, average particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, loading efficiency, stability in medium, pDNA protection ability from nuclease degradation, in vitro release, cytotoxicity and cell transfection were investigated and compared with the embedded structured CaPi modified PLGA nanoparticles (embedded-pDNA-CaPi-PLGA-NPs). The results showed that the obtained CS-pDNA-CaPi-PLGA-NPs were spherical in shape with an average particle size of (155 +/- 4.5) nm, zeta potentials of (-0.38 +/- 0.1) mV, entrapment efficiency of (80.56 +/- 2.5)% and loading efficiency of (1.16 +/- 0.04)%. The CS-pDNA-CaPi-PLGA-NPs were stable in the release media and could protect pDNA against nuclease degradation. And they also exhibited sustained release of pDNA in vitro. The highest gene transfection efficiency of the CS-pDNA-CaPi-PLGA-NPs in vitro reached (24.66 +/- 0.46)% (after 72 h transfection), which was significantly higher than that of free pDNA [(0.33 +/- 0.04)%, P < 0.01] and the pDNA-PLGA-NPs [(1.5 +/- 0.07)%, P < 0.01]. Besides, the transfection lasted for longer time than that of embedded-pDNA-CaPi-PLGA-NPs and the cytotoxicity of it was significantly lower than that of PEI (P < 0.01). These results indicate that CS-pDNA-CaPi-PLGA-NPs are a promising non-viral gene vector. Key words: gene delivery system; polylactic-co-glycolic acid; calcium phosphate; nanoparticle
A fibroblast-associated antigen: characterization in fibroblasts and immunoreactivity in smooth muscle differentiated stromal cells. (1992)

Fibroblasts with smooth muscle differentiation are frequently derived from human breast tissue. Immunofluorescence cytochemistry of a fibroblast-associated antigen recognized by a monoclonal antibody (MAb), 1B10, was analyzed with a view to discriminating smooth muscle differentiated fibroblasts from vascular smooth muscle cells. The antigen was detected on the cell surface and in cathepsin D-positive and acridine orange-accumulating vesicular compartments of fibroblasts. Ultrastructurally, the antigen was revealed in coated pits and in endosomal and lysosomal structures. 1B10 recognized three major brands migrating at apparent Mr of 38,000, 45,000, and 80,000, in addition to many minor bands between Mr 45,000 and 97,000, including Mr 52,000. The Mr 45,000 and 38,000 were associated with the cell membrane and Mr 52,000 as well as Mr 38,000 were associated with the lysosomes. The 1B10 immunoreactivity was specific to fibroblasts and smooth muscle differentiated fibroblasts within the context of vascular smooth muscle cells.
Localization of the binding site on fibrin for the secondary binding site of thrombin (1988)

Affinity chromatography of active site inhibited thrombin on immobilized fragments derived from the central (desAB-NDSK) and terminal (D1) globular domains of fibrinogen revealed that the site responsible for the binding of thrombin at its secondary fibrin binding site is located in the central domain. Chromatography of various domains of the central nodule (desAB-NDSK, fibrinogen E, and fibrin E) having nonidentical amino acid sequences showed that all of these fragments are capable of binding to PMSF-thrombin-Sepharose, suggesting that the thrombin binding site resides within the peptide regions common to all of these fragments: alpha(Gly17-Met51), beta(Val55-Met118), and gamma(Tyr1-Lys53). Competitive affinity chromatography of the same binding domains revealed that there is no detectable difference in their binding constants to PMSF-thrombin-Sepharose, indicating that the alpha(Lys52-Lys78), beta(Gly15-Lys54)/(Tyr119-Lys122), and gamma(Thr54-Met78) peptide segments do not contribute significantly to the binding of thrombin. Chromatography of the isolated chains of fibrinogen E showed that the alpha(Gly17-Lys78) peptide region itself contains a strong binding site for PMSF-thrombin-Sepharose. The location of the binding site suggests that the secondary site interaction may play an important role in determining the cleavage specificity of thrombin on fibrinogen and can affect the rate of release of the fibrinopeptides. Affinity chromatography of fragments prepared from polymerized fibrin showed that cross-linked DD (D x D) itself does not bind to thrombin, whereas the D x DE complex remained attached to the column, suggesting that the binding site on fragment E for thrombin is distinct from its binding site for D x D.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of ice-nucleation active bacteria on the freezing of some model food systems (1997)

Abstract Cells of ice-nucleation active (INA) bacteria, Pseudomonas syringae and Erwinia herbicola, were cultured at 18°C with media of nutrient broth and/or yeast extract and harvested at late log phase for maximum ice nucleation activity. These cells were able to nucleate water to freeze at temperatures as high as −2°C. They were incorporated into model food systems, including sugar, protein solutions and oil/water suspensions, representing all major components of foods, to investigate their effects on freezing. The nucleation temperatures of all the treated models were significantly raised by between 3.0 and 5.9°C compared with controls when the freezer temperature was set at −6 to −7°C. The application of the INA cells also caused freezing of certain model solutions at −6°C, such as sucrose solution (10%), which did not freeze at the same conditions without INA bacterial cells. Additions of INA cells also shortened the total freezing time of the model systems by between 20 and 38%. These results suggest that with the application of bacterial ice nucleation, some current food freezing processes may be modified to operate at higher subzero temperatures to provide guaranteed freezing, energy savings and improvement of efficiency and product quality.
Intraarticular corticosteroids in treatment of osteoarthritis. (1986)

The history of the use of intraarticular corticosteroids in the treatment of osteoarthritis and the various available corticosteroid preparations, their possible mechanism of action, side effects, and results of treatment are presented. The longest-lasting effects in the alleviation of joint symptomatology are produced by the tertiary-butyl acetate esters of the various corticosteroid preparations. The effect produced by triamcinolone appears to be of the longest duration. The anti-inflammatory action of corticosteroids seems to be responsible for the alleviation of joint symptomatology in osteoarthritis. Significant adverse effects, such as steroid arthropathy and tendon rupture, may result from excessive intraarticular use. Infection is an uncommon complication when adequate skin preparation is performed. The major disadvantage of intraarticular corticosteroids is their short duration of action, averaging two to three weeks. However, a small percentage of patients with osteoarthritis may sustain prolonged relief from one or two injections. Acute self-limited disorders, such as trigger finger and inflamed bursae, seem to lend themselves best to this form of therapy.
Colonic lavage solution (polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution) as a treatment for chronic constipation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. (1990)

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution (PEG-ELS), a colonic lavage solution presently used for gut cleansing in preparation for colonic procedures, can be an effective agent in the treatment of chronic constipation. Thirty-two patients with chronic constipation completed a controlled, double-blind, randomized, cross-over study. Each patient was given two containers, marked A and B, one containing PEG-ELS and the other a placebo. They drank a specified amount (8 or 16 oz) of solution A for five consecutive days. Daily number of bowel movements and stool consistency were recorded. Group I (patients 1-16) drank 8 oz of solution per day; group II (patients 17-32) drank 16 oz of solution per day. Mean stool frequency and mean stool consistency were calculated per 5-day testing period for each treatment group (8 oz placebo, 8 oz PEG-ELS, 16 oz placebo, 16 oz PEG-ELS). Two-factor analysis of variance results confirmed that PEG-ELS was superior to placebo with regard to mean stool frequency (7.75 +/- 4.55 vs. 4.88 +/- 2.62, p less than 0.01) and mean stool consistency (2.56 +/- 1.17 vs. 1.91 +/- 0.94, p less than 0.05). Furthermore, PEG-ELS 16 oz per day was superior to all other groups with regard to the measured variables. Side effects from the PEG-ELS were infrequent and tolerable. Our results indicate that PEG-ELS may be an effective alternative therapy in the treatment of chronic constipation. The proper dosage is probably between 8 and 16 oz per day.
California immigrants have mostly lower rates of disability and use of disability services than state's U.S.-born residents. (2000)

Among adults who report disabilities, immigrants’ use of medical and support services is roughly equivalent to that of nativeborn adults with similar needs and socioeconomic characteristics. Federal welfare reform in 1996 eliminated Medicaid (Medi-Cal in California) eligibility for immigrants during their first five years in the country. This exclusion was based, in part, on a fear that health and welfare benefits acted as a “magnet” to foreigners in need of these services. States that choose to cover these recent immigrants must do so without federal matching funds. California continues to provide Medi-Cal eligibility to immigrants regardless of when they entered the United States, and thus California bears the entire cost of this program. These new findings on the levels of disability and use of disability services among California’s adult immigrants and their U.S.-born counterparts suggest that such “magnet” concerns are unfounded.
Useful Products from Complex Starting Materials: Common Chemicals from Biomass Feedstocks (2010)

A rapidly expanding area of inquiry is the use of plant biomass for the industrial production of organic compounds for which there is high demand. This interest is fuelled largely by the anticipated decline in the supply of petroleum, and the inevitable concomitant rise in cost. Over the past 30 years, significant progress has been made toward the large-scale conversion of plant biomass to common chemicals such as methanol, ethanol, glycerol, substituted furans, and carboxylic acids. However, examination of the list of top production organic chemicals reveals numerous opportunities for future development, including simple halocarbons, alkenes and arenes. Progress toward efficient and economical production of these challenging targets from biomass has recently been reported, and future success is likely to continue through academic and industrial collaboration.
Hypopigmented Mycosis Fungoides in a White Female (1996)

A rare case of a young Caucasian female with hypopigmented mycosis fungoides is described. We reviewed and discussed the literature.
<i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 Causes More-Severe Systemic Disease in Suckling Piglets than in Colostrum-Deprived Neonatal Piglets (2000)

Our objective was to determine if suckling neonatal piglets are susceptible to enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 disease. Surprisingly, EHEC O157:H7 caused more-rapid and more-severe neurological disease in suckling neonates than in those fed an artificial diet. Shiga toxin-negative O157:H7 did not cause neurological disease but colonized and caused attaching-and-effacing intestinal lesions.