gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Steroidogenic factor 1 and estradiol receptor act in synergism to regulate the expression of the salmon gonadotropin II beta subunit gene. (1996)

The orphan nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) regulates the expression of several genes involved in the reproductive function and development of the adrenal, the gonads, and the pituitary gonadotropes. It also confers the gonadotrope-specific expression of the glycoprotein hormone a subunit gene by the binding to a gonadotrope-specific element (GSE). In this study, we have shown that SF-1 transactivates the salmon gonadotropin II beta subunit (sGTHII beta) gene expression. SF-1 alone offered a slight but significant enhancement on sGTHII beta promoter activity (7.2 +/- 0.6 fold). However, it stimulated sGTHII beta gene expression dramatically (127 +/- 37 fold) when combined with the estrogen receptor (ER). This synergistic interaction was specific for sGTHII beta promoter as well as for both SF-1 and ER and was estradiol-dose dependent. 5'-Deletion studies of the sGTHII beta promoter identified two putative SF-1 binding sites (GSE) and one previously identified proximal estrogen-responsive element (pERE) at -274 bp involved in this activation. The two GSE sequences located at -354 bp (sGSE(3) and -162 bp (sGSE(2) upstream of the transcription site, although imperfect as compared with the consensus GSE, bound specifically to the in vitro-translated mouse SF-1 protein. 5'-Deletion studies, competition experiments, and site-directed mutagenesis showed that binding to pERE and GSE(2) were necessary for the SF-1/ER synergistic effect. These studies suggest that the synergistic interaction of SF-1 and ER, possibly through cooperative binding or protein-protein interaction, is essential in conferring a cell type-specific expression of the GTHII beta subunit gene.
The Syntheses of 3'-Fluoro- and 4-Fluoro-10-methyl-1,2-benzanthracenes<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Syntheses of 3'-Fluoro- and 4-Fluoro-10-methyl-1,2-benzanthracenes1MELVIN S. NEWMAN and RONALD H. B. GALTCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 2, 214–215Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01072a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01072a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views581Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of CaO, High-Temperature Treatment, Carbon Structure, and Coal Rank on Intrinsic Char Oxidation Rates (1996)

The low-temperature kinetics of oxidation of Dietz sub-bituminous coal char prepared in a methane flat-flame burner (4% post-flame oxygen) was studied by TGA both in the presence and in the absence of calcium minerals. The reactivities of untreated and calcium-reloaded chars at 600 K are 5 and 2 times higher than acid-washed char, indicating a significant catalytic effect for CaO. The intrinsic reactivities of these chars after oxidation in a drop-tube reactor at a particle temperature of about 1900 K and 5% O2 also show a similar trend, although the reactivity of each char is lowered by about a factor of 10 due to this high-temperature oxidation. The physical properties of these chars are also significantly altered due to high-temperature oxidation treatment. Comparison of intrinsic oxidation rates of unloaded Spherocarb and demineralized (acid-washed) chars of Zap and Dietz coals based on available carbon mass shows a trend of increasing intrinsic rate with decreasing skeletal density suggesting that the intrinsic rate is a function of carbon structure. However, in the presence of CaO, the intrinsic oxidation rate based on CaO surface area is found to increase with decreasing coal rank. Dispersion of CaO is significantly higher for the original Dietz char prepared in a flat-flame burner (34%) than for the Ca-loaded char (12%), indicating that the Ca-reloading procedure could be improved.
The Somatic Chromosomes of Five Crocodilian Species (1967)

The somatic karyotypes of five crocodilian species are described. These species include <i>Caiman sclerops</i> (spectacled caiman or South American alligator, 2N = 42), <i>Alligator mississippiensis</i> (North American alligator, 2N == 32), <i>Crocoa¦ylus porosus</i> (salt-water crocodile, 2N = 34), <i>Crocodylus niloticus</i> (Nile crocodile, 2N = 32), and <i>Tomistoma schlegeli</i> (false gavial, 2N = 32). Metacentric, submetacentric and telocentric chromosomes were observed in all species tested. Satellites were observed on a submetacentric element of <i>A</i>. <i>mississippiensis</i>, and the apparently identical chromosome with an obvious secondary constriction was found in both <i>C</i>. <i>porosus</i> and <i>C</i>. <i>niloticus</i>. No microchromosomes were found. Possible pathways of chromosomal evolution to explain the observed karyotypic relationships are suggested.
Anti-Reflective Porous Silicon Features by Substrate Conformal Imprint Lithography for Silicon Photovoltaic Applications (2014)

Silicon photovoltaic cells require anti-reflection treatments in order to minimise optical losses and improve cell efficiencies. Commercially, the silicon surface is textured using a chemical etchant followed by the addition of an anti-reflective coating to further suppress reflectivity. We present a process using metal assisted etching to create porous silicon features capable of reducing reflectivity to less than 5%. A method for producing porous silicon using Substrate Conformal Imprint Lithography (SCIL) has been developed in order to pattern the nanoscale anti-reflective structures onto silicon wafers.
Anion sensing ‘venus flytrap’ hosts: a modular approach (2002)

A series of podands based on three hydrogen bonding 'arms' have been prepared and their affinities for simple inorganic anions measured.
Juvenile Osteochondritis Dissecans: Cartilage T2 Mapping of Stable Medial Femoral Condyle Lesions (2018)

Purpose To determine whether a T2 mapping sequence could depict early changes in the composition and microstructure of cartilage overlying stable lesions of the medial femoral condyle in patients with juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD). Materials and Methods This retrospective study analyzed a sagittal T2 mapping sequence performed between September 1, 2015, and March 31, 2017, on 16 patients (10 boys and six girls; median age, 11.5 years) with 18 stable medial femoral condyle JOCD lesions and 18 age-, sex-, and skeletal maturation-matched control participants (11 boys and seven girls; median age, 11.5 years). Cartilage T2 values were quantitatively measured within regions of interest placed around the cartilage within and overlying the JOCD lesion in patients with JOCD and around the cartilage on the weight-bearing medial femoral condyle in patients with JOCD and controls. Wilcoxon signed rank and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare T2 values. Results T2 values were significantly higher (P < .001) for cartilage within the JOCD lesion than for cartilage overlying the JOCD lesion in patients with JOCD. However, there were no significant differences in T2 values between cartilage overlying the JOCD lesion and cartilage on the weight-bearing medial femoral condyle in patients with JOCD (P = .67) or in T2 values of the cartilage on the weight-bearing medial femoral condyle between patients with JOCD and controls (P = .30). Conclusion There were no significant quantifiable differences in T2 values of cartilage overlying stable JOCD lesions and normal cartilage on the medial femoral condyle, suggesting no substantial changes in cartilage composition and microstructure.
Probing the limits of paper and parchment laser cleaning by multispectral imaging (2001)

Paper and parchment cleaning with lasers provides the advantage to be a contact-less and dry process. The absence of chemical agents, its spectroscopic selectivity, micro-precision, computer-aided handling, and the combination with on-line diagnostic techniques makes it attractive for restoration applications. This technique, however, is not only limited by the evaporation of such delicate protein or cellulose fibre structures (i.e. the ablation threshold) or by discolorations, which can be easily detected by the naked eye or by microscopic inspection. Even when the aesthetic appearance is not altered, invisible irreversible chemical modifications may affect the long-term aging behavior negatively. In such cases, only diagnostic tools sensitive for chemical changes can probe the limits of laser cleaning. Deviations of chemical conversion threshold fluences from the well-established ablation threshold fluence values were investigated by multi-spectral imaging techniques at parchment or paper model systems and historical originals. Ultraviolet, visible and infrared reflection, but also visible fluorescence were employed using an imaging system, which operates in a spectral range from 320 nm to 1550 nm. Visible imaging allowed an accurate documentation of the color appearance of the artwork before and after the laser treatment. In-depth information of chemical modifications could be gained by the infrared imaging mode. Surface chemical identification was performed by both diffuse-reflection imaging in the ultraviolet range between 320 and 400 nm, and by visible fluorescence imaging using a 365 nm light source. The results for excimer laser treatment at 308 nm show that not only the laser fluence but also the age of the artefact strongly affects the chemical conversion threshold. Most substrates older than at least several decades exhibited much higher chemical stability than new model systems. This is a strong indication that the aging status of both parchment and paper artefact plays a major role in assessing the laser cleaning limits. That means that the laser processing behavior of model systems can be compared with that of original fibrous artworks to only a very limited extent, and that original artefacts have to be treated rather as individual specimens.
Differential proteomic characterization between normal peritoneal fluid and diabetic peritoneal dialysate (2010)

The loss of vitamin D-binding protein, haptoglobin and alpha-2-microglobulin may be due to a change in the permeability of the peritoneal membrane to middle-sized proteins or leakage from peritoneal inflammation. Lower levels of complement C4-A in dialysate may shed light on the beginning of peritoneal membrane scleroses.
[Hyperglycaemia during treatment with everolimus]. (2014)

At the initiation of treatment with an mTOR inhibitor such as everolimus the treating physician should be aware of the occurrence of hyperglycaemia. Metformin is then the medicine of first choice.
A mutant baculovirus with a temperature-sensitive IE-1 transregulatory protein (1994)

We have mapped the mutation responsible for the temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype of tsB821, a mutant of the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (H. H. Lee and L. K. Miller, J. Virol. 31:240-252, 1979), to a single nucleotide which changes alanine 432 of the multifunctional regulatory protein IE-1 to a valine. Mapping was done with a combination of marker rescue and transient expression assays, hybrid gene construction by overlap PCR gene splicing, and nucleotide sequence analysis. Cells infected with tsB821 at high multiplicities of infection showed a spectrum of responses from severe cytopathic effects, including apoptosis, to a lack of obvious signs of infection. Protein synthesis in tsB821-infected cells at the restrictive temperature appeared similar to uninfected cell protein synthesis, but viral DNA replication and budded virus production were observed, albeit in a delayed manner. The dependence of early and late promoter activity on the wild-type IE-1 gene, ie-1, was observed in transient expression assays. However, the dependence of early promoter activity on ie-1 was strongest in the absence of other viral genes. Thus, other viral genes appear to be able to compensate, at least in part, for the lack, or low levels, of ie-1 in transient expression assays using early promoters. The mutant should prove useful in further defining the function(s) of IE-1.
Intravenous Scalp Needle for Use in Premature Infants (1976)

The recent commentary by Heird and Driscoll1 points out their difficulty of continuously running peripheral; intravenous infusions (IV) on small premature infants. They indicate that the success achieved by Cashore et al.2 using total, or near total, peripheral intravenous nutrition may not be easily obtained by others less able to maintain peripheral IVs around the clock. No doubt Cashore et al. were able to maintain peripheral IVs better than many because their use of Intralipid eliminates the need for very hyperosmotic infusates of dextrose.
Finite Element Modeling of Heat Transfer in Meat Patties During Single‐sided Pan‐frying (1996)

ABSTRACT Our objectives were to mathematically model heat transfer in meat patties during single‐sided pan‐frying without and with turn‐over, using the finite element method. Moisture loss rate was determined and included in the model to account for evaporation loss. The model was validated by comparing predicted and experimental temperature profiles monitored at three axial positions during pan‐frying (one side and turn‐over) at 140 and 180°C. Moisture loss rate, cooking time, and crust formation were functions of pan temperature and/or turn‐over frequency and time. The least cooked point, predicted at the periphery of the top surface (no turnover) and midplane (one turn‐over), required 20 and 10 min, respectively, to be cooked well‐done at 160°C. Turning‐over more than once slightly decreased frying time, but may not produce crusted surface.
VASCULAR ASSOCIATED DEATH1, a Novel GRAM Domain–Containing Protein, Is a Regulator of Cell Death and Defense Responses in Vascular Tissues (2004)

The hypersensitive response (HR) is a programmed cell death that is commonly associated with plant disease resistance. A novel lesion mimic mutant, vad1 (for vascular associated death1), that exhibits light conditional appearance of propagative HR-like lesions along the vascular system was identified. Lesion formation is associated with expression of defense genes, production of high levels of salicylic acid (SA), and increased resistance to virulent and avirulent strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato. Analyses of the progeny from crosses between vad1 plants and either nahG transgenic plants, sid1, nonexpressor of PR1 (npr1), enhanced disease susceptibility1 (eds1), or non-race specific disease resistance1 (ndr1) mutants, revealed the vad1 cell death phenotype to be dependent on SA biosynthesis but NPR1 independent; in addition, both EDS1 and NDR1 are necessary for the proper timing and amplification of cell death as well as for increased resistance to Pseudomonas strains. VAD1 encodes a novel putative membrane-associated protein containing a GRAM domain, a lipid or protein binding signaling domain, and is expressed in response to pathogen infection at the vicinity of the hypersensitive lesions. VAD1 might thus represent a new potential function in cell death control associated with cells in the vicinity of vascular bundles.
Comparison of silica-immobilized poly(L-cysteine) and 8-hydroxyquinoline for trace metal extraction and recovery (1999)

Poly(l-cysteine) (PLC) and 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) were immobilized on controlled-pore glass and used in a flow injection system for the separation of Cd, Pb and Cu from synthetic sea-water, Co and Ni matrices as well as CRM sea-water. Both resins allowed for the quantitative recovery of 50 µg L –1 Cd and Pb in synthetic sea-water. However, low recoveries of 2-4% and 40-50% were observed using 8HQ for the separation of 50 µg L –1 Cd and Pb, respectively, from a 10 000-fold excess of Co and Ni, while PLC maintained quantitative recoveries. Neither 8HQ nor PLC showed reproducible or complete recoveries of Cu 2+ from the columns using the typical means for stripping (1 M HNO 3 ). On-line breakthrough experiments showed that 8HQ had a significant strong binding site capacity for Cd, Pb, Cu, Co and Ni. PLC also had strong sites for Cd, Pb and Cu but showed only weak binding of Co and Ni. The selectivity of PLC against these harder acid metals allowed for quantitative recovery of Cd, Pb and Cu in Co and Ni matrices. Extracting low level spikes of Cd and Pb from CRM sea-water (CASS-1 and NASS-2) tested the application to ‘real’ samples. Recovery efficiencies of Cd were high for both CRM matrices studied. Pb recovery was good for CASS-1; however, recovery from NASS-2 was unexpectedly low. Mass transfer limitations were observed for both resins in the flow system, resulting in apparent decreased capacities at faster flow rates. Stability constants governing Cd adsorption by PLC and 8HQ were obtained by a non-linear least-squares regression analysis of the Cd binding data and revealed that at least four classes of binding site were present on both resins. Stability constants for the most stable sites were estimated using EDTA or ethylenediamine (en) as competing ligands. 8HQ had no sites that were competitive with EDTA, whereas PLC had an EDTA-competitive site with a stability constant of 1×10 13 and a capacity of 1 µmol g –1 . Both PLC and 8HQ had sites that were stronger than Cd(en) 2 with estimated stability constants ranging from 10 9 to 10 11 . Weaker sites on the resins had stability constants that ranged from 10 4 to 10 6 . Cd was used to demonstrate the viability of this method for stability constant determination as it is well characterized for both 8HQ and PLC.
Nonlinear Formulation and Efficiency Enhancement of Free-Electron Lasers (1979)

We present a general, self-consistent, nonlinear theory of the free-electron laser (FEL) process. The formulation of the temporal steady-state problem results in a set of coupled nonlinear FEL equations governing the spatial evolution of the amplitudes and wavelengths of the fields. We show that intrinsic FEL efficiencies can be greatly enhanced by spatially contouring the magnetic pump-field parameters. In the optical regime, the single-pass efficiencies are found to exceed 20%.
Microsupercomputers: design and implementation. Semiannual technical progress report, September 1987-March 1988 (1988)

Contents include: 1) parallel processor architecture; 2) parallel software; 3) computer-aided design (CAD) tools; and 4) VLSI.
Speak to your Parser: Interactive Text-to-SQL with Natural Language\n Feedback (2020)

We study the task of semantic parse correction with natural language\nfeedback. Given a natural language utterance, most semantic parsing systems\npose the problem as one-shot translation where the utterance is mapped to a\ncorresponding logical form. In this paper, we investigate a more interactive\nscenario where humans can further interact with the system by providing\nfree-form natural language feedback to correct the system when it generates an\ninaccurate interpretation of an initial utterance. We focus on natural language\nto SQL systems and construct, SPLASH, a dataset of utterances, incorrect SQL\ninterpretations and the corresponding natural language feedback. We compare\nvarious reference models for the correction task and show that incorporating\nsuch a rich form of feedback can significantly improve the overall semantic\nparsing accuracy while retaining the flexibility of natural language\ninteraction. While we estimated human correction accuracy is 81.5%, our best\nmodel achieves only 25.1%, which leaves a large gap for improvement in future\nresearch. SPLASH is publicly available at https://aka.ms/Splash_dataset.\n
Status and first results of the NEMO Phase-2 tower (2014)

ABSTRACT: In March 2013, the NEMO Phase 2 tower has been successfully installed in the Capo\nPassero site, at a depth of 3500 m and 80 km off from the southern coast of Sicily. The unfurled\ntower is 450 m high; it is composed of 8 mechanical floors, for a total amount of 32 PMTs and\nvarious instruments for environmental measurements. The tower positioning is achieved by an\nacoustic system. The tower is continuously acquiring and transmitting all the measured signals\nto shore. Data reduction is completely performed in the Portopalo shore station by a dedicated\ncomputing facility connected to the persistent storage system at LNS, in Catania. Results from the\nlast 9 months of acquisition will be presented. In particular, the analyzed optical rates, showing\nstable and low baseline values, are compatible with the contribution mainly of 40K light emission,\nwith a small percentage of light bursts due to bioluminescence. These features reveal the optimal\nnature of the Capo Passero abyssal site to host a km3 -sized Neutrino Telescope.
Dopamine/Serotonin Receptor Ligands. Part IV [1]: Synthesis and Pharmacology of Novel 3-Benzazecines and 3-Benzazonines as Potential 5-HT2A and Dopamine Receptor Ligands (2002)

LE 300 represents a structurally novel type of antagonist acting preferentially at the dopamine D1/D5 receptors and the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. The compound consists of a 10-membered central azecine ring fused to indole on one and to benzene on the other side. To estimate the importance of the indole moiety in this highly active benz-indolo-azepine, the indole has to be removed and the "de-indolised" analog reinvestigated pharmacologically. Accordingly, we synthesized 3-benzazecines and in addition some homologuous 3-benzazonines. Methoxylated beta-phenylethylamines were treated with ethyl omega-bromo-butanoates and -pentanoates, respectively, to give the corresponding lactams which were cyclized (POCl3) and reduced (NaBH4), yielding the cis-annelated (X-ray) benzindolizines and -quinolizines. The 10- and 9-membered rings were obtained by cleavage of the central C-N bond, which was performed in the following two ways: Quarternisaion with methyl iodide and cleavage with sodium in liquid ammonia gave the NCH3 derivatives, reaction with benzyloxycarbonyl chloride/NaBH4 followed by catalytic debenzylation yielded a corresponding NH compound. Functional experiments on rat artery segments precontracted with ketanserin and radioligand binding experiments using human cloned dopamine receptor subtypes were conducted with all of the benzazecine and benzazonine derivatives. In contrast to the benz-indolo-compound LE 300 they did not show any significant affinity towards the D1, D2, D4, and D5 receptors and only moderate antagonistic activity at the 5-HT2A receptor. It can be concluded from our study that an indole moiety or at least another second aromatic system at the central azecine ring is part of the pharmacophore and thus essential for high biological activity.