gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Meaningful Use of Pharmacogenomics in Health Records: Semantics Should be Made Explicit (2009)

The recent emphasis on 'meaningful use' of electronic health records in health information technology reforms (e.g., as in the US stimulus package) can leverage the pharmacogenomics field. In order for clinical trials outcomes, based on pharmacogenomics research, to be meaningfully and effectively used in clinical practice there is a need to make health semantics explicit. Often, semantics is merely implicit in both the research and practice worlds and is buried in unstructured and disconnected descriptions of the data or just in the heads of human experts. Meaningful semantics includes rich metadata, but more importantly, the context of each discrete data item and how it relates to other data items in a specific dataset, as well as how it fits within the entire health record of an individual and how it references up-to-date clinical knowledge. Properly-built electronic health records systems based on standards could provide meaningful semantics on the healthcare side, while the fields of research and clinical trials need to come closer to healthcare in its data and knowledge representations in a way that lends itself to personalized medicine. The purpose of this review is to explore how evidence created by pharmacogenomics can be meaningfully delivered to healthcare through new approaches, such as electronic health records systems and information models.
Pathologic Findings in the Labyrinthine Segment of the Facial Nerve in a Case of Facial Paralysis (1990)

The histopathologic findings for a patient with acute facial paralysis caused by herpes zoster oticus who obtained no return of active facial function after 1 year are presented. All imaging studies were nondiagnostic. Biopsy of the labyrinthine segment was performed. Histopathologic analysis showed a sharp line of demarcation between sclerotic nerve proximal to and necrotic nerve distal to the meatal foramen area of the fallopian canal. This finding is consistent with observations that the lesion producing Bell's palsy and herpes zoster oticus usually is situated at the meatal foramen.
Improved coupled mode analysis of corrugated waveguides and lasers - II: TM mode (1978)

In the previous paper [1] we proposed an accurate formalism for analyzing corrugated waveguide devices. This formalism, developed for the TE modes, is extended here to TM modes. Characteristics of TM modes in distributed feedback (DFB) lasers, DBR reflectors, and grating beam couplers are investigated with emphasis on the effect of the radiation loss and they are compared with the TE case.
EPA-0522 - In patients with a "dual diagnosis", type of addiction is associated with features of schizophrenia course (2014)

To identify and compare the characteristics of symptoms and social functioning of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with substance misuse. A total of 122 patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital. Inclusion criteria were: age older than 18 years; the presence of’dual’ diagnosis; the appropriate category F2 and F1 ICD-10; a history of at least 10 years of follow-psychiatric service. Depending on the preferred substance, all patients were divided into two groups: 1st group consisted of 76 patients with schizophrenia who abuse alcohol; group 2 included 46 patients with schizophrenia, polydrug abuse. Severity of psychotic symptoms at admission was evaluated on a scale of PANSS, social functioning - on a scale of PSP. The mean age of patients in the first group was significantly higher (43.0±10.1 vs 34.4±7.4, p<0.05). Drug abuse in patients with second group started in an earlier age than the first alcohol use in patients with the first group (16.5±3.4 vs 21.8±8.1, p<0.05). The age of the first manifestations of mental disorders was significantly lower in the patients group 2 (16.5±6.5 vs 20.4±9.9, p<0.05). Also the age of the first psychotic episode in the second group was lower too (22.0±5.9 vs 26.8±10.2, p<0.05). In a study of the PANSS of the second group, the average score was higher in all subscales. The average score of positive symptoms was 26.2±7.0 against 20.6±7.2, p<0.05, and on the negative symptoms subscale 26.4±4.3 vs 24.6±2.7. Differences between groups tended to significance, p=0.061. The average score on the subscale of general symptoms scores in the second group was also higher (56.4±8.4 vs 51.7±5.5, p<0.05). The level of social functioning was higher in the first group. Average score on a scale of PSP it was 37.8±11.6 vs. 28.8±14.3, p<0.05.
The role of rs2237781 within<i>GRM8</i>in eating behavior (2013)

Our data suggest that rs2237781 within GRM8 may influence human eating behavior factors probably via pathways involved in addictive behavior.
Reanastomosis of End Stoma and Mucous Fistula Without Formal Laparotomy (1980)

I describe a method of reestablishing bowel continuity by anastomosis of an end stoma and mucous fistula without formal laparotomy. Both the end colostomy or ileostomy and mucous fistula are mobilized and a tunnel is created by blunt dissection along the anterior parietal peritoneum between the two sites. The more easily mobilized stoma is then drawn through the tunnel and out the other site and the anastomosis is performed. Advantages of the procedure include zero mortality in the present series, very minimal morbidity, early ambulation, feeding, and discharge from the hospital as well as minimal postoperative discomfort. Six patients underwent this procedure during the past three years. All results were considered satisfactory. The use of the intraperitoneal tunnel is an effective and safe method of restoring bowel continuity that precludes many of the complications associated with long laparotomy incisions.
Study of Levels in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>18</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>through the Radiative Capture of Alpha Particles by<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>14</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1959)

Two resonances in the reaction ${\mathrm{C}}^{14}(\ensuremath{\alpha}, \ensuremath{\gamma}){\mathrm{O}}^{18}$ have been studied at laboratory alpha-particle energies of 1.142\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.010 and 1.790\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.010 Mev. These correspond to excited states in ${\mathrm{O}}^{18}$ at 7.127 and 7.630 Mev. At the upper resonance only two primary transitions are observed leading to the ground state of ${\mathrm{O}}^{18}$ and the first excited state at 1.98 Mev. Their angular distributions along with other evidence unambiguously establish spins and parities of 1 - for the 7.63-Mev state, 2+ for the 1.98-Mev state, and 0+ for the ground state. Values of $\ensuremath{\gamma}=\frac{{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}\ensuremath{\Gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ of 80 and 160 millielectron volts, respectively, are obtained for the 7.63- and 5.65-Mev $E1$ primary transitions. At the lower resonance again only two primary transitions are observed leading to levels in ${\mathrm{O}}^{18}$ at 1.98 and 3.55 Mev. Greater than 96% of the decays of the 3.55-Mev level lead to the 1.98-Mev level. Analysis of the angular distributions of the four gamma rays observed in the direct spectrum at this resonance, with respect to the incident beam, unambiguously establish spin and parity of 4+ to both the capturing state at 7.13 Mev and the level at 3.55 Mev. Values of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ of 15 and 12 milli-electron volts, respectively, are obtained for the 3.58-Mev $M1$ and the 5.15-Mev $E2$ primary transitions. The amount of $E2$ mixing in the former transition is very small.
Peptones Stimulate Intestinal Cholecystokinin Gene Transcription via Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Response Element-Binding Factors (2001)

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a potent intestinal hormone that regulates several digestive functions. Despite the physiological importance of CCK, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern its synthesis and secretion are not completely identified. Peptones, which are fair counterparts of the protein fraction in the intestinal lumen, are good stimulants of CCK secretion. We have previously shown that peptones activate CCK gene transcription in STC-1 enteroendocrine cells. The DNA element(s) necessary to induce the transcriptional stimulation was preliminary, localized in the first 800 bp of the CCK gene promoter. In the present study, we identify a DNA element [peptone-response element (PepRE)] essential to confer peptone-responsiveness to the CCK promoter, and we characterize the transcription factors implicated. Localization of the PepRE between -93 and -70 bp of the promoter was established using serial 5'-3'deletions. Systematic site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that the core PepRE sequence, spanning from nucleotide -72 to -83, overlapped with the putative AP-1/CRE site. Mutations in the core sequence dramatically decreased peptone-responsiveness of CCK promoter fragments. The PepRE functioned as a low-affinity CRE consensus site, binding only transcription factors of the CREB family. Overexpression, in STC-1 cells, of a dominant-negative protein (A-CREB), that prevented the binding of CREB factors to DNA, completely abolished the peptone-induced transcriptional stimulation. Peptone treatment did not modify the nature and the abundance of proteins bound to the PepRE but led to increased phosphorylation of the CREB factors. In conclusion, the present study first demonstrates that CCK gene expression is under the control of protein-derived nutrients in the STC-1 enteroendocrine cell line.
Charge Carrier Dynamics of Photoexcited Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> in Methanol: Extending High Harmonic Transient Absorption Spectroscopy to Liquid Environments (2014)

Charge carrier dynamics in Co3O4 thin films are observed using high harmonic generation transient absorption spectroscopy at the Co M2,3 edge. Results reveal that photoexcited Co3O4 decays to the ground state in 600 ± 40 ps in liquid methanol compared to 1.9 ± 0.3 ns in vacuum. Kinetic analysis suggests that surface-mediated relaxation of photoexcited Co3O4 may be the result of hole transfer from Co3O4 followed by carrier recombination at the Co3O4-methanol interface.
Rapid Assessment of Antibacterial Activity against <i>Mycobacterium ulcerans</i> by Using Recombinant Luminescent Strains (2010)

Mycobacterium ulcerans causes Buruli ulcer, an emerging infectious disease for which antimicrobial therapy has only recently proven to be beneficial. The discovery and development of new drugs against M. ulcerans are severely impeded by its very slow growth. Recombinant bioluminescent strains have proven useful in drug development for other mycobacterial infections, but the ability of such strains to discriminate bacteriostatic from bactericidal activity has not been well demonstrated. We engineered recombinant M. ulcerans strains to express luxAB from Vibrio harveyi. In drug susceptibility tests employing a wide range of antimicrobial agents and concentrations, the relative light unit (RLU) count measured in real time was a reliable surrogate marker for CFU counts available 3 months later, indicating utility for the rapid determination of drug susceptibility and discrimination of bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects. A second important finding of this study is that the addition of subinhibitory concentrations of the ATP-binding cassette transporter inhibitor reserpine increases the susceptibility of M. ulcerans to tetracycline and erythromycin, indicating that drug efflux may explain at least part of the intrinsic resistance of M. ulcerans to these agents.
Impaired load dependence of diaphragm relaxation during congestive heart failure in the rabbit (1999)

The load dependence (LD) of relaxation was studied in the diaphragm of rabbits with congestive heart failure (CHF). CHF (n = 15) was induced by combined chronic volume and pressure overload. Aortic insufficiency was induced by forcing a catheter through the aortic sigmoid valves, followed 3 wk later by abdominal aortic stenosis. Six weeks after the first intervention, animals developed CHF. Sham-operated animals served as controls (C; n = 12). Diaphragm mechanics were studied in vitro on isolated strips, at 22 degrees C, in isotonic and isometric loading conditions. Contractility was lower in the CHF group, as reflected by lower total tension: 1.11 +/- 0.10 in CHF vs. 2.38 +/- 0.15 N/cm(2) in C in twitch (P < 0.001) and 2.46 +/- 0.22 in CHF vs. 4.90 +/- 0.25 N. cm(-2) in C in tetanus (P < 0.001). The index LD was used to quantify the load dependence of relaxation: LD is <1 in load-dependent muscles and tends toward 1 in load-independent muscles. LD was significantly higher in CHF than in C rabbits, in both twitch (0.99 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.75 +/- 0.03; P < 0. 001) and tetanus (0.95 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.84 +/- 0.02; P < 0.001). In the CHF rabbits' diaphragm, the fall in total tension was linearly related to the fall in load dependence of relaxation. The decrease in load dependence of relaxation in CHF animals suggests sarcoplasmic reticulum abnormalities. Impairment of the sarcoplasmic reticulum may also partly account for the decrease in contractile performance of diaphragm in CHF animals.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SILYLCUPRATION OF ACETYLENES: A SYNTHESIS OF VINYLSILANES (1981)

Abstract Die Alkine (I) reagieren mit dem Silyllithiumcuprat (II) unter syn‐Addition zu den Vinylkupfer‐Derivaten (III), die in situ weiter umgesetzt werden.
The influence of sacral nerve stimulation on anorectal dysfunction (2011)

To date, conflicting data exist on the mechanism of action of SNS as determined by end-organ changes in anorectal physiology. Nevertheless, the data as they stand best support a mixed mechanism of action on anal motor and rectal sensory functions.
Metal-Mediated Self-Assembly of Molecular Squares of Porphyrins Rimmed with Coordination Compounds (2001)

Partially coordinated meso-tetra(4′-pyridyl)porphyrin, in which two out of four peripheral 4′-(N)py sites are bound to inert RuII complexes, self assembles with cationic square-planar PdII or neutral octahedral RuII 90° angular units to yield a new family of molecular squares, in which the periphery of the porphyrins is rimmed with coordination compounds.
Light parsing as finite state filtering (1999)

. For a number of language processing tasks, such as information retrieval and information extraction tasks, pertinent information can be extracted from text without doing a full parse of the individual sentences. The most common restriction of the parser is to adopt a non-recursive model of the language treated, which allows an implementation of the parser using efficient finite-state tools at the cost of missing some coverage. These light parsers allow the successive introduction of symbols into the input string wherever specified regular expressions of words and/or part-of-speech tags match. Recent advances in finite-state expression compilation make writing mark-up transducers simpler, leading to quicker implementations of layered finite-state parsers. The resulting parsers are easier to create and maintain. In this article, we describe a light parsing method using recently created finitestate operators. Two applications of this parser are described: grouping adjacent syntactically-related units, and extracting non-adjacent n-ary grammatical relations. A system for evaluating the parser over a large corpus is described.
Optimization of lipase production byPseudomonas aeruginosa MB 5001 in batch cultivation (1993)

The production ofPseudomonas aeruginosa MB 5001 extracellular lipase was optimized by batch cultivation employing shake flasks and 23-L bioreactors. This enzyme efficiently and selectively bioconverts dimethyl 5-(3-(2-(7-chloroquinolin-2-yl)ethyl)phenyl)4,6-dithianonanedioate (diester) to its (S)-ester acid. Process development studies focused on the identification and optimization of the physicochemical parameters required to achieve maximum lipase production. Of the media evaluated, a peptonized milk-based medium was found to support excellent lipase production and stability. Medium composition and process parameters that supported optimal lipase production were different from those supporting maximum biomass formation. Of the parameters investigated, dissolved oxygen tension had the most significant and unexpected impact on lipase production. Elevated lipase production was achieved whenP. aeruginosa MB 5001 was cultivated in a dissolved oxygen limited environment. Overall, these process development studies resulted in a 100% increase in lipase production when compared to the original shake flask process employing skim milk.
ChemInform Abstract: A Sub‐Stoichiometric Version of the Pauson—Khand Reaction. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Importance of Dye Partition Coefficient in Thermal Dye Transfer Printing Efficiency (2006)

The importance of dye partition coefficients in thermal dye transfer printing efficiency is demonstrated by computational modeling, direct experimental measurements of dye partition coefficients, and printing efficiency measurements. Previous calculations of the effects of printing power, print head efficiency, line time, and media materials properties using the onedimensional LaFleche-Ozimek model have predicted that a higher dye partition coefficient P should lead to higher thermal dye transfer printing efficiency. However, little or no experimental data on receiver/donor dye partition coefficients have been reported. In this work we report direct experimental measurements of dye partition coefficients for various dye/binder combinations. Values for P ranging from 0.24 to greater than 10 were obtained. Thermal printing efficiency is observed to increase with increasing partition coefficient, in agreement with the LaFleche-Ozimek model.
Double blind test of magnetic field effects on neurite outgrowth (1998)

Previous work reported that nerve growth factor-stimulated neurite outgrowth in PC-12 cells could be altered by exposure to parallel alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) magnetic fields under a variety of exposure conditions, producing results that are consistent with the predictions of the ion parametric resonance (IPR) model. The credibility of these results, considered extraordinary by some scientists, could be strengthened if the cell response were found to persist under alternate assay conditions. We replaced part of our standard assay procedure with a double blind procedure. This new procedure obscured 1) whether a particular set of dishes of cells was exposed or not, and 2) which individual dish was in which exposure system. The goal was to determine whether the previously observed responses of PC-12 cells to magnetic fields would be sufficiently robust to decode the imposed blinding, thereby removing any question of experimenter bias in reported results. We placed three coded dishes of cells in each of two otherwise identical exposure systems, one not energized and one energized to produce exposure conditions predicted to maximally suppress neurite outgrowth (Bdc of 36.6 microT, parallel 45 Hz AC of 23.8 microT rms). Each of the six dishes were recoded before assay to further obscure the exposure identity of any individual dish. The combined results of four distinct runs of these double blind experiments unequivocally demonstrated that 1) there was a clear, distinctive, repeatable consistency with the actual energization of the exposure systems and location of each dish, and with the predictions of the IPR model; 2) only the explicitly stated experimental variables influenced the experiment; and 3) the reported response of the cells was very improbably due to chance (P = .000024).
Anatomic Goals in the Correction of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence (1996)

The goal of stress incontinence surgery is to prevent opening of the urethra during increases in intra-abdominal pressure. Greater refinements in the understanding of the pathophysiology of incontinence and experience with newer treatments have extended surgical thinking beyond the familiar paradigm "to place the urethra in a high retropubic position." When incontinence is associated with vaginal hypermobility, vaginal support may be sufficient to restore continence if the suburethral vaginal wall is sufficiently strong, an evaluation which must often be made by physical examination alone. However, when the vaginal wall is weak, the urethra will require an alternative form of support, usually a sling. If the urethra is intrinsically deficient, vaginal support may not be sufficient to prevent opening during increased intra-abdominal pressure, and coaptation by sling obstruction or periurethral bulking injection may be required. Most laparoscopic approaches to stress incontinence use Burch's method, which offers excellent urethral stability provided the suburethral vaginal wall is strong. Newer insights into the relation between vaginal mobility and urethral closure are discussed, as well as anatomic aspects of the Burch suspension relevant to laparoscopic repair.
Differential Cerebral Gene Expression During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in the Rat: Evidence for Apoptosis? (2002)

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with a spectrum of cerebral injuries. The molecular changes in the brain that might contribute to these injuries are not clearly known. We sought to determine whether the expression of apoptotic genes is increased after CPB in the rat. Rats (n = 7) were subjected to 90 min of normothermic CPB. A group of sham-operated rats (n = 7) served as non-CPB controls. After a 3-h post-CPB period of recovery, their brains were removed, homogenized, and processed for messenger RNA (mRNA) extraction. By using a ribonuclease protection assay, the ratios of both pro- and antiapoptotic mRNA (bcl-x, bcl-2, bax, caspase 2, and caspase 3) to the housekeeping glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene were determined. Additionally, Western immunoblotting was performed to detect the presence of activated caspase 3, a protein central in the apoptotic process. Compared with the non-CPB controls, the CPB group had significantly increased levels of apoptotic/GAPDH mRNA ratios (bcl-x, 0.414 ± 0.152 CPB versus 0.251 ± 0.051 non-CPB, P = 0.048; caspase 2, 0.030 ± 0.014 CPB versus 0.018 ± 0.005 non-CPB, P = 0.048; bax, 0.106 ± 0.035 CPB versus 0.066 ± 0.009 non-CPB, P = 0.009; bcl-2, 0.011 ± 0.006 CPB versus 0.006 ± 0.002 non-CPB, P = 0.035). However, no activated caspase 3 protein was detected in either group. Elucidating the molecular biological sequelae of CPB may aid in the understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiac surgery-associated cerebral injury and, in doing so, may be useful in identifying potential therapeutic targets for pharmacologic neuroprotection.