gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cleaning of YBa sub 2 Cu sub 3 O sub 7 minus x surfaces by thermal oxidation treatments (1990)

When exposed to air, YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{ital x}} reacts to form a nonsuperconducting surface layer which degrades the quality of devices formed by subsequent deposition of overlayers. Degradation may also be caused by contamination of the surface during prior processing. We have investigated the use of thermal oxidation treatments as a means of restoring these surfaces, {ital in} {ital situ}, prior to overlayer deposition. The oxidations were performed in a dual chamber UHV system equipped with x-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies, ion scattering spectroscopy, and a four point probe for {ital in} {ital situ} resistance measurements. Sputter-deposited, annealed YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{ital x}} thin films exposed to air underwent treatments at 350--650 {degree}C for 5--60 min in 10--300 Torr of oxygen. Carbonate contamination was removed at T{ge}460 {degree}C. Chlorine contamination present on some samples was removed at T{ge}600 {degree}C. Resistance measurements indicate that the oxygen content within the films can be maintained during these treatments if a suitable temperature profile is used. The resulting surfaces are not ideal---an insulating layer {similar to}1 nm thick and deficient in yttrium is present. Nevertheless, the treatments described here may prove to be useful steps in device fabrication.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Novel 4β‐[(4‐Substituted)‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl] Podophyllotoxins as Potential Anticancer Agents. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electrochemical Fabrication of Strontium-Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotube Array Electrodes and Investigation of Their Photoelectrochemical Properties (2011)

In recent years, considerable efforts have been made to improve the performance of photoactive nanostructured materials for water-splitting applications. Herein, we report on the fabrication and photoelectrochemical properties of highly ordered Sr-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays synthesized via a one-step electrochemical anodization technique. Nanotube arrays of Sr-doped TiO2 were synthesized via anodization of titanium foil in aqueous electrolytes containing NH4F and various concentrations of Sr(OH)2 at different electrolyte pHs. The morphology and quality of the fabricated materials were found to be significantly affected by the pH of the electrolyte as well as the solubility limit of Sr(OH)2 in the test electrolyte. The photoelectrochemical measurements revealed that Sr doping can significantly improve the photoconversion efficiency of the material. Using Sr-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays, an electrode photoconversion efficiency of 0.69% was obtained, which is more than 3 times higher than that of the undoped nanotube arrays (0.2%) fabricated and tested under the same conditions.
Study on background gamma-ray reduction using a compton backscattering coincidence technique (2012)

We proposed a Compton Backscattering Coincidence (CBC) Technique to reduce background gamma-rays. Properties of the CBC technique were investigated with the EGS5 Monte Carlo simulation code and basic experiments. In this method, a sensitive area can be confined between two detectors while in a conventional method a sensitive area can't be confined because the sensitivity decreases as the solid angle decreases. Two detector configurations using two LaBr3 scintillators or HPGe-pure CaF2 scintillators were tested to validate the feasibility of the proposed technique.
Molecular dynamics simulations of the lithium coordination environment in phosphate glasses (2000)

A molecular dynamics (MD) study of the lithium ultraphosphate glass series, xLi2O·(1−x)P2O5 (0⩽x⩽0.5) was used to investigate the changes in the Li environment with increasing modifier concentration. The results from the MD simulations indicate that only gradual structural variations in the Li coordination environment occur as a function of modifier content. Changes in the type of oxygen coordinated to the Li are observed to correlate with the minimum in the glass transition temperature. Additionally, changes in the number of shared phosphorus vertices were seen with increasing modifier concentration, in support of recent models involving the role of the cation modifier in the extended range structure of phosphate glasses. Empirical calculations of the 6Li NMR chemical shifts directly from the MD simulation structures are also reported and compared to recent experimental solid-state NMR results.
Cross Talk between Peptide Growth Factor and Estrogen Receptor Signaling Systems (1995)

Diane M. Ignar-Trowbridge, Maria Pimentel, Christina T. Teng, Kenneth S. Korach, John A. McLachlan, Cross Talk between Peptide Growth Factor and Estrogen Receptor Signaling Systems, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 103, Supplement 7: Estrogens in the Environment (Oct., 1995), pp. 35-38
Résolution de spectres RPE par régression non linéaire. Application à des radicaux anions dérivés de thiazoles substitués (1973)

Abstract Une méthode de résolution des spectres RPE par régression non linéaire est décrite. On ajuste le modèle théorique avecle spectre expérimental. Le calcul de l'erreur sur chaque paramètre est décrit. On applique cette méthode à la résolution des spectres anions nitro‐2‐méthyl‐4‐thiazole, p ‐nitro phényl‐4‐thiazole et p ‐nitro phényl‐5‐thiazole.
The impact of differences in viral entry and trafficking on the mechanism of HIV-1 neutralization (2012)

Background Cellular entry of HIV-1 occurs through fusion at the plasma membrane (PM) or via endocytosis. PM fusion, resulting in deposit of nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm, typically establishes productive infection. In contrast, entry through endocytosis results in either lysosomal degredation, or productive infection through endosomal membrane fusion. While viral entry and permissivity are known to differ between host cells, the influence of these differences on antibody-mediate neutralization is unknown. Here we explore the relationships between HIV-1 entry, neutralization sensitivity, and the mechanisms by which antibodies act.
Hairless guinea pig skin: anatomical basis for studies of cutaneous biology. (2000)

In order to characterize the microscopic anatomy of hairless guinea pig (HL-GP) skin, we utilized light microscopy with a computer-assisted image analysis system, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). SEM revealed that the hair shafts of HL-GPs were thin, short, extremely irregular in diameter and often twisted and curled. The HL-GP epidermis was of similar thickness to that of human skin with distinct strata, serrated/non-serrated basal keratinocytes and shallow dermal papillae. The density of Langerhans cells in epidermal sheets, visualized by adenosine-s-triphosphatase staining, was similar to that of normal-haired guinea pigs (HD-GPs), although the dendrites of HL-GPs were thicker and shorter than those of HD-GPs. The dermal vasculature of HL-GPs was well-developed and similar to that of humans, demonstrating a network of vertically oriented capillary loops. HL-GPs had significantly more dendritic or spindle-shaped dermal interstitial cells than humans and HD-GPs. Collectively, these data suggest that HL-GP skin is more similar to human skin than to the skin of HD-GPs and other rodents and, therefore, the HL-GP may be a useful animal for studying cutaneous biology, experimental pathology, pharmacology and toxicology.
Preparation of Solid and Hollow Asphaltene Fibers by Single Step Electrospinning (2011)

Electrospinning has been used to produce micrometer size fibers, both solid and hollow from non-covalently associating small molecules of a low grade hydrocarbon reject of crude oil, asphaltene. Asphaltene defined as a solubility class of crude oil is by no means a polymer but relatively large organic molecule of molecular weight ranging from 500 to 1000 Dalton. The production of asphaltene fibers is feasible by electrospinning because of its unique molecular structure which allows molecular aggregation. Fibers with diameter ranging from 2–20 μm were successfully spun from an asphaltene in toluene solution. Adding 2% hydrogen peroxide enhances electrospinning, leading to formation of hollow fibers, whereas adding 2% water inhibits electrospinning. The structure and morphology of the electrospun fibers were investigated with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The electrospun asphaltene fibers offer the potential for direct fabrication of membranes without use of multiple synthetic steps, complex electrospinning designs, or post processing surface treatments.
A Potential Transmitter Architecture for Future Generation Green Wireless Base Station (2009)

Current radio frequency power amplifiers in 3G base stations have very high power consumption leading to a hefty cost and negative environmental impact. In this paper, we propose a potential architecture design for future wireless base station. Issues associated with components of the architecture are investigated. The all-digital transmitter architecture uses a combination of envelope elimination and restoration (EER) and pulse width modulation (PWM)/pulse position modulation (PPM) modulation. The performance of this architecture is predicted from the measured output power and efficiency curves of a GaN amplifier. 57% efficiency is obtained for an OFDM signal limited to 8 dB peak to average power ratio. The PWM/PPM drive signal is generated using the improved Cartesian sigma delta techniques. It is shown that an RF oversampling by a factor of four meets the WLAN spectral mask, and WCDMA specification is met by an RF oversampling of sixteen.
Involvement of serum response element in okadaic acid-induced EGR-1 transcription in human T-cells. (1994)

The present work has examined the effects of okadaic acid, an inhibitor of serine/threonine protein phosphatase, PP-1 and PP-2A, on the regulation of EGR-1 gene expression in normal peripheral blood T- and Jurkat cells. The results demonstrate that okadaic acid treatment is associated with a transient induction of EGR-1 gene expression which was detectable by 30 min to 1 h and peaked at 3-6 h. EGR-1 mRNA was superinduced in cells treated with both okadaic acid and the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. The half-life of EGR-1 mRNA was similar in both control and okadaic acid-treated cells. In contrast, treatment with both okadaic acid and cycloheximide prolonged the half-life of EGR-1 transcripts. Nuclear run-on assays demonstrated that induction of EGR-1 gene expression by okadaic acid is controlled at least in part by a transcriptional mechanism. Transient expression assays with EGR-1 promotor fragments linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene demonstrate that okadaic acid-induced EGR-1 transcription is conferred by the 5' most distal CArG box, CC (AT)6GG, in the EGR-1 promoter. Moreover, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity was induced by okadaic acid when the 5' most distal CArG element was linked to the heterologous herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter, and not induced with a similar heterologous construct containing a mutated CArG sequence. These studies demonstrate that okadaic acid regulates EGR-1 gene expression at the transcriptional level via the CArG element and suggest that PP-1 and PP-2A play a role in T-cell activation.
La evaluación antropométrica del estado nutricional de los discapacitados (2001)

El objetivo del presente documento es presentar los lineamientos generales en cuanto al manejo de los indicadores antropometricos para evaluar el peso, la estatura y la composicion corporal o segmentaria de personas con sindrome de Down, con paralisis cerebral o limitaciones fisicas bien sea por accidentes o por problemas de salud relacionados con la edad, como en el caso de los adultos de edad avanzada.
Attenuation of lithium-induced natriuresis and kaliuresis in P2Y<sub>2</sub>receptor knockout mice (2013)

Whole body knockout (KO) of the P2Y₂ receptor (P2Y₂R) results in enhanced vasopressin V2 receptor activity and increased renal Na⁺ conservation. We hypothesized that P2Y₂R KO mice would be less sensitive to lithium-induced natriuresis and kaliuresis due to attenuated downregulation of one or more of the major renal Na⁺ or K⁺ transporter/channel proteins. KO and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a control or lithium-added diet (40 mmol/kg food) for 14 days. Lithium-induced natriuresis and kaliuresis were significantly (~25%) attenuated in KO mice. The subunits of the epithelial Na⁺ channel (ENaC) were variably affected by lithium and genotype, but, overall, medullary levels were decreased substantially by lithium (15-60%) in both genotypes. In contrast, cortical, β-, and γ-ENaC were increased by lithium (~50%), but only in WT mice. Moreover, an assessment of ENaC activity by benzamil sensitivity suggested that lithium increased ENaC activity in WT mice but in not KO mice. In contrast, medullary levels of Na⁺-K⁺-2Cl⁻ cotransporter 2 and cortical levels of the renal outer medullary K⁺ channel were not downregulated by lithium and were significantly (15-76%) higher in KO mice under both dietary conditions. In addition, under control conditions, tissue osmolality of the inner medulla as well as furosemide sensitivity were significantly higher in KO mice versus WT mice. Therefore, we suggest that increased expression of these proteins, particularly in the control state, reduces Na⁺ delivery to the distal nephron and provides a buffer to attenuate collecting duct-mediated natriuresis and kaliuresis. Additional studies are warranted to explore the potential therapeutic benefits of purinergic antagonism.
Immunotherapy with Chimeric Antigen Receptor Targeting Intracellular WT1 Gene Product Complexed with HLA-a*24:02 Molecule (2015)

Abstract Adoptive cell therapy with lymphocytes transduced with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is a promising strategy to treat cancer patients. Recent success in the treatment of patients with B cell malignancy by CD19-CAR encourages the development of successive CAR therapy targeting other tumor-associated antigens. However, the search for the appropriate target molecule for CAR, other than B cell markers, is a serious question. The target of CAR is generally limited to the cellular surface molecules, making difficult to expand CAR therapy for broad range of cancer patients. Inspired by the physiological recognition of epitope peptide and MHC molecule (pMHC) by T cells, we have generated a series of antibodies that recognize the pMHC complexes with peptides derived from tumor antigens expressed intracellularly. We isolated an scFv antibody clone WT#213 that can specifically recognize WT1 p235-243 peptide (CMTWNQMNL) complexed with HLA-A*24:02 molecule by the screening of human antibody scFv phage display library. We have constructed retrovirus that encodes the CAR consists of WT#213 and intracellular signal transduction domains of CD3z and GITR (WT#213 CAR). We confirmed the specific recognition of endogenous WT1-expressing cells by the CAR-T cells with the intracellular cytokine staining and the 51Cr release cytotoxic assay. Utilizing NOG immunodeficient mice, we demonstrated the effectiveness of adoptive cell therapy with WT#213 CAR against the WT1 expressing HLA-A*24:02 positive human leukemia cells. To evaluate the safety of the WT#213 CAR, we predicted the potential property of WT#213 CAR to cross-react to normal tissues in humans. We conducted alanine scan analysis of WT1p235-243 peptide that was recognized by WT#213 CAR as well as the TCR derived from CTL clone TAK-1 which recognizes same epitope peptide in association with HLA-A*24:02 to define the amino acids that were critically important in the recognition by the WT#213 CAR or TAK-1-derived TCR. After BLAST search, we synthesized the normal protein-derived peptides with potential risk of cross-reactivity, and tested the recognition of these peptides by WT#213 CAR or TAK-1-derived TCR. Although the critical peptides, and therefore the peptides with potential risk, were quite different between the WT#213 CAR and TAK-1-derived TCR, none of these peptides showed the stimulation of WT#213 CAR or TAK-1-derived TCR. The results here suggest that the immunotherapy with WT#213 CAR will be effective for the treatment of the leukemia patients without the predicted risk at least in the evaluation we performed. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures Ikeda: Takara Bio Inc.: Research Funding. Akahori:Takara Bio Inc.: Research Funding. Miyahara:Takara Bio Inc.: Research Funding. Amaishi:Takaa Bio Inc.: Employment. Okamoto:Takara Bio Inc.: Employment. Mineno:Takara Bio Inc.: Employment. Takesako:TAKARA BIO INC.: Employment. Fujiwara:Celgene: Honoraria, Other: Travel, Acomodations, Expenses.
Methane emissions from US coal mines in 1980. Information circular/1984 (1984)

This Bureau of Mines report contains a tabulation of methane emissions during 1980 for all coal mines located in the United States with emissions greater than 0.1 million cubic feet per day. Listed for each mine are methane emission quantity, location, and coalbed. The report also compares records of 1975 and 1980 and describes relationships between emissions in 1980 and the Bureau's coalbed gas content data on 11 mines.
Institutional Transformations of Russia’s Housing Construction Sector in 2020 (2021)

This paper shows the ongoing development of two key trends in Russia's housing construction sector: the strengthening role of the state and the formation of market leaders that control its privileged part. The latter are separated from the rest of the market by ever-deeper institutional barriers. These barriers arise due to "special" relations of such companies with the largest banks, their advantages in obtaining financing in the securities markets, better terms of interaction with development institutions, primarily JSC DOM.RF, PPK Fund for the Protection of Rights of Citizens Participating in Shared Construction, the Housing and Utilities Fund, with adequate access to the instruments of state guarantees, and other conditions provided by these institutions. It is shown that such an institutional mechanism provides the best conditions for achieving national goals in the housing sector. Conclusions are made regarding the risks and limitations in terms of achieving the goals of the National Project, Housing and Urban Environment, as well as the advisability of developing a strategy for transforming temporary anticrisis measures of state support into a long-term policy of public-private partnership and maintaining the multistructural character of the industry and market economy.
Neuroprotective and disease-modifying effects of the ketogenic diet (2006)

The ketogenic diet has been in clinical use for over 80 years, primarily for the symptomatic treatment of epilepsy. A recent clinical study has raised the possibility that exposure to the ketogenic diet may confer long-lasting therapeutic benefits for patients with epilepsy. Moreover, there is evidence from uncontrolled clinical trials and studies in animal models that the ketogenic diet can provide symptomatic and disease-modifying activity in a broad range of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, and may also be protective in traumatic brain injury and stroke. These observations are supported by studies in animal models and isolated cells that show that ketone bodies, especially beta-hydroxybutyrate, confer neuroprotection against diverse types of cellular injury. This review summarizes the experimental, epidemiological and clinical evidence indicating that the ketogenic diet could have beneficial effects in a broad range of brain disorders characterized by the death of neurons. Although the mechanisms are not yet well defined, it is plausible that neuroprotection results from enhanced neuronal energy reserves, which improve the ability of neurons to resist metabolic challenges, and possibly through other actions including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. As the underlying mechanisms become better understood, it will be possible to develop alternative strategies that produce similar or even improved therapeutic effects without the need for exposure to an unpalatable and unhealthy, high-fat diet.
Disorders of the distal radioulnar joint. (2010)

Disorders of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) are relatively common and often associated with the triangular fibrocartilage complex. Anatomically and biomechanically, the DRUJ should be considered in the broader context of the forearm joint, which has both distal and proximal articulations. Clinical examination is the best method of evaluating trauma to the DRUJ or DRUJ instability, although the clinical appearance of disorders may be subtle and imaging studies may be difficult to interpret. Arthroscopy is the best tool for evaluating the integrity of the triangular fibrocartilage complex. Although acute and chronic disorders of the triangular fibrocartilage complex can be treated arthroscopically, chronic DRUJ instability may require tenodesis reconstruction. Salvage of a DRUJ with degenerative arthritis generally requires resection arthrodesis. Implant arthroplasty has recently received attention, but further scrutiny of mid- and long-term results is needed.
Detection of Human <i>c-Myc</i> and <i>EGFR</i> Amplifications in Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Mouse Tumour Models (2014)

Essentially, all cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that end up in biofluids, including blood, and the contents of these EVs can provide a window into the status of the cells from which they are released. This is particularly interesting in cancer, since these EVs allow for ‘ex-vivo’ analysis of the properties of the tumours without the need for biopsy. Gene mutations, rearrangements, amplifications, and epigenetic changes in the transcriptome can be monitored in circulating EVs. In this study, we used two human tumour cell lines derived from an epidermoid carcinoma and a medulloblastoma, which had amplification for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-Myc genes, respectively. Cells were implanted subcutaneously into immunocompromised mice, and levels of gene amplification in both groups of subcutaneous tumours were quantified. We then determined if elevated levels of transcripts for the human EGFR and c-Myc were represented in circulating EVs in tumour-bearing mice. The expression levels of both human EGFR (h-EGFR) and human c-Myc (h-c-Myc) mRNAs in circulating EVs correlated well with their amplified status in the tumours. This data provides further support to the idea that circulating EVs are a potential platform for tumour biomarkers.