gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rate and Volume of Intermittent Enteral Feeding (2016)

ABSTRACT. The purpose of this investigation was to deter-mine the effects of the volume of enteral feedings and the rate at which they were administered on subject tolerance and gastric pressure changes. Fourteen normal volunteers received enteral feedings on 9 or 10 separate days. These feedings (Ensure) were administered in combinations of 3 volumes (250, 350, and 500 ml) and of 2 rates (30 and 85 ml/min). The effect on gastric motility was monitored by an open-tipped catheter. Nine of the subjects also received 750 ml administered at 30 ml/min. Six of the 14 subjects experienced nausea and/or discomfort during the first feeding trial (250 ml at 30 ml/min); however, subsequent feedings were tolerated without this dis-comfort. The rate at which feedings were administered had little effect on the time following feeding until the return of regular motility or on the mean motility index when 250 ml
Multigenic control of serum adiponectin levels: evidence for a role of the APM1 gene and a locus on 14q13 (2004)

Adiponectin is a circulating enhancer of insulin action that is secreted by the adipose tissue. In epidemiological studies, serum levels of this protein predict the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular events. Serum adiponectin levels have been associated with variants at the adiponectin (APM1) and PPARgamma2 loci and have also been linked to markers on 5p15 and 14q13. We investigated the role of these four loci in regulating serum adiponectin in a Caucasian population from Italy. Four haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (ht-SNPs) (-11377 C>G, -4041 A>C, +45 T>G, and +276 G>T) at the APM1 locus and the PPARgamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism were examined for association with serum adiponectin in 413 unrelated, nondiabetic individuals. Of the five SNPs tested, +276G>T was the only one to be associated with serum adiponectin (P = 0.032), with "TT" individuals having higher adiponectin levels than other subjects. In a variance-components analysis of 737 nondiabetic members of 264 nuclear families, adiponectin heritability was 30%, with a small but significant proportion explained by the +276 genotype ( P = 0.0034). Suggestive evidence of linkage with adiponectin levels was observed on chromosome 14q13, with a LOD of 2.92 (P = 0.000057) after including the APM1 +276 genotype in the model. No linkage was observed at 5p15. Our data indicate a strong genetic control of serum adiponectin. A small proportion of this can be attributed in our population to variability at the APM1 locus, but an as yet unidentified gene on 14q13 appears to play a much bigger role.
Low noise two wave mixing deflector (1993)

Our deflector scheme is derived from the two wave mixing beam steering system first proposed by D. Rak et al. [1].
Low-Temperature Atomic-Layer-Deposited High-κ Dielectric for p-Channel In<sub>0.7</sub>Ga<sub>0.3</sub>As/GaAs<sub>0.35</sub>Sb<sub>0.65</sub>Heterojunction Tunneling Field-Effect Transistor (2013)

The interface quality of a low temperature atomic-layer-deposited (ALD) HfO2/Al2O3 bilayer high-κ gate dielectric on a GaAs0.35Sb0.65 channel for heterojunction p-channel tunneling FETs is investigated. Lowering the ALD temperature from 250 to 110 °C results in improved capacitance–voltage characteristics and lower interface trap density in metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitor structures. Using the low-temperature ALD high-κ dielectric, a GaAs0.35Sb0.65/In0.7Ga0.3As heterojunction p-channel tunneling FET is demonstrated with an improved switching slope and higher on–off current ratio. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is performed to investigate the effect of the deposition temperature on the chemical composition of the high-κ/GaAs0.35Sb0.65 interface.
The pathogenic role of choroid plexus infiltrating T cells in Neuropsychiatric Lupus (2020)

Abstract Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) manifests as a range of symptoms, including cognitive abnormalities, mood disorders, and psychosis. The pathogenesis is complex and not yet completely understood. We recently proposed that the choroid plexus (CP) could be an alternative entry site to the blood brain barrier for immune mediators to enter the central nervous system. In the MRL/lpr lupus mouse model, the CP is heavily infiltrated with T and B cells, which is reminiscent of human NPSLE patients whose autopsies revealed infiltrates in the CP. Nevertheless, the role of CP infiltrating T cells in the pathogenesis is not known and is the objective for this study. In two cohorts, we evaluated whether intracerebroventricularly (ICV) delivered MRL/lpr CP T cells accelerate neuropsychiatric disease in young female MRL/lpr mice. Six week old female MRL/lpr mice were injected with MRL/lpr CP CD3+ T cells, MRL/lpr splenic CD3+ T cells, or PBS. The T cells were pooled from the CP and spleen of 16 week old MRL/lpr mice and expanded with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies (1 ug/mL) and mIL-2 (10 U/mL) for 4 days. About ~200,000 cells were injected into the lateral ventricle from the bregma at AP −0.34 mm, ML −1.0 mm, and depth −2.0 mm. After 4 weeks post-injection, we found that CP T cell recipient mice had increased cognitive deficits compared to PBS controls. Histological assessment revealed an increase in lymphocytic infiltration, the number of proliferating cells, and IgG and complement deposition, in the choroid plexus of CP T recipient mice. Our result indicate that T cells can migrate to and proliferate in the CP following ICV injection, and that brain infiltrating MRL/lpr T cells may be a key contributor to the pathogenesis of NPSLE.
Exact wiring fault minimization via comprehensive layout synthesis for CMOS logic cells (2004)

This paper proposes an exact cell layout synthesis technique to minimize the probability of wiring faults due to spot defects. We modeled the probability of faults on intra-cell routings with considering the spot defects size distribution and the end effect of critical areas. By using the model as a cost function, we comprehensively generate the minimum width layout of CMOS logic cells and select the optimum layouts. Experimental results show that our technique reduces about 15% of the fault probabilities compared with the wire-length-minimum layouts for CMOS logic circuits which have up to 14 transistors.
Active Matrix Color-LCD on 75 $\mu$m Thick Flexible Glass Substrates (2012)

We have demonstrated a full color 4-in quarter-VGA amorphous silicon active-matrix (AM) LCD (AM-LCD) with 75 μm thick flexible glass backplane and frontplane substrates. The device was built directly on the flexible glass without using a processing carrier or additional protective layers. The overall thickness of the LC cell is <; 170 μ m. Process modifications were made to accommodate the flexibility and reduced thickness of the substrate. These process changes were related to: thin film deposition, photolithography, cell assembly and filling, glass scribing, and driver bonding. The achieved results indicate that the incorporated flexible glass substrates are compatible with the fabrication of high quality color AM-LCDs.
Characterization and performance of advanced i-line photoresists for 0.5-micron CMOS technology (1992)

An evaluation procedure for advanced I-line photoresists is presented. The evaluation is comprehensive in nature, including manufacturing and quality requirements as well as the usual patterning performance tests. The evaluation is divided into three general categories: Performance, Manufacturability, and Materials. These categories include a total of 23 individual performance tests and 15 evaluation criteria. A scoring method is described which assigns a numerical rating to the resist performance. Weighting constants contained in this procedure can be adjusted to vary the emphasis on particular measures of the photoresist performance.
Stabilization of Graphene / Silicon Electrodes for Li-Ion Battery Applications (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Feedback-inducible nuclear-receptor-driven reporter gene expression in transgenic mice (1999)

Understanding nuclear receptor signaling in vivo would be facilitated by an efficient methodology to determine where a nuclear receptor is active. Herein, we present a feedback-inducible expression system in transgenic mice to detect activated nuclear receptor effector proteins by using an inducible reporter gene. With this approach, reporter gene induction is not limited to a particular tissue, and, thus, this approach provides the opportunity for whole-animal screens. Furthermore, the effector and reporter genes are combined to generate a single strain of transgenic mice, which enables direct and rapid analysis of the offspring. The system was applied to localize sites where the retinoic acid receptor ligand-binding domain is activated in vivo. The results identify previously discovered sources of retinoids in the embryo and indicate the existence of previously undiscovered regions of retinoic acid receptor signaling in vivo. Notably, the feedback-inducible nuclear-receptor-driven assay, combined with an independent in vitro assay, provides evidence for a site of retinoid synthesis in the isthmic mesenchyme. These data illustrate the potential of feedback-inducible nuclear-receptor-driven analyses for assessing in vivo activation patterns of nuclear receptors and for analyzing pharmacological properties of natural and synthetic ligands of potential therapeutic value.
Alterations in the Pattern of Amine Excretion in Man Produced by a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (1959)

The administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors produces an increase in the urinary excretion of many amines for which efficient alternate routes of metabolism are not available. These include tryptamine, paratyramine, and a "metatyramine-like" substance. The inhibitors can therefore be used to detect previously unsuspected pathways of amino acid decarboxylation. The finding that the excretions of norepinephrine, epinephrine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine, and possible serotonin are not appreciably affected are consistent with previous reports of the existence of alternative metabolic routes.
Logic, complexity, and games (2000)

Summary form only given. The author summarizes his proposed talk on an approach to the P = NP question via the correspondence between logic and complexity. The main focus will be on the possible use of Ehrenfeucht-Fra-sse games.
The origin of primary steric effects in aromatic substitution: reactions by alkoxides or amines as nucleophiles (1970)

Kinetics of the reactions of potassium or benzyltrimethylammonium t-butoxide with 1-fluoro-2- or 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene in t-butyl alcohol and of the reactions of piperidine with 2- or 4-nitrophenyl phenyl ether and 2,4-dinitrophenyl phenyl or 2,4-dinitrophenyl cyclohexyl ether in dimethyl sulphoxide are reported. Less quantitative data of similar scope are also reported for the reactions of potassium t-butoxide with the above halogenonitrobenzenes in dimethyl sulphoxide and in some aprotic dipolar solvents or with 1-chloro-2- or 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene in t-butyl alcohol and for the piperidinodecyclohexyloxylation of 2- or 4-nitrophenyl cyclohexyl ether in neat piperidine. The ortho:para ratio is ca. unity for reactions with piperidine and greater than unity for reactions with t-butoxide. 2,4-Dinitrophenyl phenyl ether is appreciably more reactive than its cyclohexyl analogue but markedly less than was previously found for reactions carried out in benzene. It is shown that in the transition states of these reactions neither inhibition of the resonance of the o-nitro-group nor repulsions between the entering and leaving group occur to any appreciable extent, while the o-nitro-group is markedly rotated out of the plane of the benzene ring both in the starting substrates (chloro-compounds or ethers) and products. These results confirm and extend previous ideas about the origin of primary steric effects in aromatic nucleophilic substitution and their possible implications are discussed.
Healthcare Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Older Patients: Using Cataract Surgery and Breast Cancer Treatment Data (2002)

The two sections of this dissertation discuss cataract surgery and breast cancer treatment in older patients. A randomized clinical trial of older patients with cataracts forms the basis of a cost-effectiveness analysis of several approaches to cataract surgery. An evidence-based decision analysis is used to map the uncertainty associated with treatment decision for older patients with newly diagnosed early-stage breast cancer.
Blocking Impurities in Organic Light Emitting Device by Inserting Parylene Interlayer (2005)

Secondary-ion mass spectrometry is used to study ion diffusion from a substrate into an organic film, which is considered as one of the reasons for organic-light-emitting-device degradation and instability. Results show that a 1 µm-thick parylene layer inserted between an indium–tin–oxide (ITO) anode and a soda-lime glass substrate effectively controls the diffusion of sodium, potassium, silicon and sulphur ions from the substrate to the device. The effect is the same as that in the case of using a plastic substrate which is sodium- and potassium-free. Also a 3 nm-thick parylene layer grown in between an ITO anode and a hole transport layer (HTL) not only shows improvement in device performance, but also is capable of blocking impurities such as sodium, potassium, silicon and sulphur ions. This study shows that the use of a parylene layer is effective for controlling contamination coming from the substrate.
Heat Transfer in Surface Boiling under Free Convection (1964)

Through an experiment of nucleate boiling under free convection in subcooled water, we came to the following conclusions : (1) The effective stirring length of bubbles in surface boiling is reasonably estimated to be one-third of their condensing height which is determined identically with the dgree of subcooling of bulk water. (2) Correlation of heat transfer in surface boiling using Δθs instead of Δθ corresponds to the replacing of He by Hes, where Δθs : temperature difference between heating surface and saturated liquid, Δθ : temperature difference between heating surface and bulk liquid, He : effective stirring length of bubbles in saturated boiling, Hes : effective stirring length of bubbles in surface boiling. From these conclusions, we derived an extension of author's correlating equation of nucleate boiling heat transfer, and confirmed that it fairly agreed with the experimental results in surface boiling.
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. UND IR‐SPEKTROSKOPISCHE UNTERSUCHUNG VON PHENYLSERINDERIVATEN (1972)

Abstract Nach 2 bekannten Methoden werden die Phenylserine (I) (threo‐ und erythro‐ Formen) dargestellt: Die Synthese der threo‐Verbindungen erfolgt ausgehend von Glycin, die der erythro‐Isomeren ausgehend von Acetylaminomalonester.
Syntheses of 1-Substituted Isoquinoline and 1, 4-Benzoxazepine Derivatives by Pomeranz-Fritsch Reaction : Studies on the Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds. CCCXX (1969)

Since the compound (VI) has been well known as a peripheral vasodilator agent, synthesis of its benz [e] [1, 4] oxazepine derivatives was carried out in order to examine their activities. Furthermore, 1-benzylisoquinoline derivatives as well as 1, 4-benzoxazepine derivatives had not yet been obtained by Pomeranz-Fritsch reaction with sulfuric acid as condensing reagent. We now have established that 1-benzylisoquinolines (XXV, XXVI, XXVII and XXVIII) as by-products and benz [e] [1, 4] oxazepine derivatives (XXIX, XXX, XXXI and XXXII) can be obtained by Pomeranz-Fritsch reaction with polyphosphoric acid. In addition, cyclization of XXXIV with polyphosphoric acid gave debrominated 1-benzylisoquinoline (II) together with 1, 4-benzoxazepine derivative (XXXV). Although cyclization of XXXVI and XXXVII afforded 1-benzylisoquinoline derivatives (XXXVIII and XL), the expected 1, 4-benzoxazepine derivatives (XLI and XLII) were not obtained in both cases.
Passive Immunization Against Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Impairs Host Defense During Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Mice (1997)

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent cause of community-acquired pneumonia. We sought to determine the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia. Induction of pneumonia in C57B1/6 mice by intranasal inoculation with 10(6) colony-forming units (cfu) S. pneumoniae resulted in a sustained increase in TNF activity in lung homogenates reaching a plateau between 12 and 72 h (72 h: 185.49 +/- 54.41 ng/g), while plasma TNF activity remained low or undetectable. Treatment with a neutralizing anti-TNF monoclonal antibody 2 h before inoculation strongly reduced lung TNF activity, but only modestly diminished lung interleukin (IL)-1beta levels, and did not significantly influence lung IL-6, IL-10, and interferon-gamma concentrations. Anti-TNF-treated mice had fourfold more S. pneumoniae cfu isolated from lungs than control mice 40 h after inoculation (p < 0.05), although lung myeloperoxidase activities were similar in both treatment groups. Anti-TNF-treated mice died significantly earlier from pneumococcal pneumonia than control mice (p < 0.05). Endogenously produced TNF is important for host defense during pneumococcal pneumonia.
The effect of temperature on the solubility of Interpolyelectrolyte complexes in aqueous-saline solutions (1997)

The effect of temperature on the phase transitions was studied in aqueous-saline solutions of interpolyelectrolyte complexes, formed due to the interaction of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. It was found that a large number of interpolyelectrolyte complexes possessed a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in the polycomplex-water-salt system, which is determined by an amphiphilic character of these complexes.
Photocycle and Vectorial Proton Transfer in a Rhodopsin from the Eukaryote <i>Oxyrrhis marina</i> (2013)

Retinylidene photoreceptors are ubiquitously present in marine protists as first documented by the identification of green proteorhodopsin (GPR). We present a detailed investigation of a rhodopsin from the protist Oxyrrhis marina (OR1) with respect to its spectroscopic properties and to its vectorial proton transport. Despite its homology to GPR, OR1's features differ markedly in its pH dependence. Protonation of the proton acceptor starts at pH below 4 and is sensitive to the ionic conditions. The mutation of a conserved histidine H62 did not influence the pK(a) value in a similar manner as in other proteorhodopsins where the charged histidine interacts with the proton acceptor forming the so-called His-Asp cluster. Mutational and pH-induced effects were further reflected in the temporal behavior upon light excitation ranging from femtoseconds to seconds. The primary photodynamics exhibits a high sensitivity to the environment of the proton acceptor D100 that are correlated to the different initial states. The mutation of the H62 does not affect photoisomerization at neutral pH. This is in agreement with NMR data indicating the absence of the His-Asp cluster. The subsequent steps in the photocycle revealed protonation reactions at the Schiff base coupled to proton pumping even at low pH. The main electrogenic steps are associated with the reprotonation of the Schiff base and internal proton donor. Hence, OR1 shows a different theme of the His-Asp organization where the low pK(a) of the proton acceptor is not dominated by this interaction, but by other electrostatic factors.
Botanical Products: An Integrative Physician's Perspective (2010)

Interest in Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) continues to grow throughout the world. A key paradigm amongst CAM practices is that patients are perceived as multi-dimensional individuals and CAM systems of medicine are not one-size fits all. This paradigm can also influence how a CAM practitioner views quality botanical products.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Expression in HIV‐1‐Infected CD4+ T Cells (1994)

We investigated whether HIV-1 can regulate tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) expression in SupT-1, a CD4+ T-cell line. The cells were infected with HIV-1 containing 1,000 cpm RT activity, as early as day 3 after infection and all along the culture the supernatant level of core protein p24 was > 250 pg/ml, and on days 6 and 9 after infection, p24 was found in 10% of the cells as determined by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The cells were growing without loss of viability. The study of TNFR expression was based on a microassay for measurement of binding of 125I-TNF alpha to cells, in which free and cell-bound ligand separation was performed by centrifugation through oil. Scatchard analysis of TNF alpha binding on days 6 and 9 after infection revealed a 90% increase in the expression of high-affinity membrane receptors in HIV+SupT-1 culture compared with uninfected cells (mean +/- S.D. = 501 +/- 148.5 vs. 263 +/- 77.8 receptors/cell, n = 9, P < 0.001) with no change in dissociation constants (mean +/- S.D. = 4.36 +/- 1.06 vs. 4.00 +/- 1.12 x 10(-10) M).
Studies on filamentary Nb/sub 3/Sn wires fabricated by the infiltration method. [J/sub c/; T/sub c/] (1976)

Superconducting wires containing a network of Nb/sub 3/Sn filaments are produced by achieving a controlled porosity in compacts of sintered niobium followed by tin infiltration and mechanical reduction. The Nb/sub 3/Sn filaments, typically 1-5 ..mu..m in size, are formed by a short heat treatment. The effects of heat treatment on critical current and transition temperature are presented for reaction temperatures in the range of 700-1200/sup 0/C and for lengths of time varying from 1 min to several hours. The dependence of J/sub c/ on filament size is studied. The conductor evaluation includes measurements of T/sub c/, of J/sub c/ up to 170 kG, and mechanical bend tests. Efforts are made to explain the results, wherever possible, by means of microstructural observations such as the Nb/sub 3/Sn grain size and the microvoids formed as a result of diffusion treatment. In view of the high values of J/sub c/ obtained (1.1 x 10/sup 5/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 100 kG and 7.5 x 10/sup 4/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 150 kG), these filamentary wires appear suitable for high field superconducting magnets. 9 fig.
Analysis of Human Osteoarthritic Connective Tissue by Laser Capture Microdissection and QRT-PCR (2007)

Gene expression levels for type II collagen and aggrecan have been determined as potential measures and disease markers of human osteoarthritis in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. In this regard, specimens of affected articular cartilage obtained intraoperatively at the time of surgery were placed in RNAlater(TM) to maintain RNA integrity and subsequently frozen-sectioned. Individual or small numbers of chondrocytes were isolated by laser capture microdissection and their total RNA was extracted and analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results indicate that type II collagen and aggrecan mRNA expression from specific cells in osteoarthritic tissues are detectable and reproducible using these approaches. Our work is the first to demonstrate successful isolation of RNA limited to chondrocytes comprising small quantities of human osteoarthritic material. The study presents a new avenue by which the disease and its progression may be critically assayed.