gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crash simulation and drop test of civil airplane fuselage section (2013)

To study the crashworthiness of a civil airplane fuselage section under vertical crash condition, a finite element model of this fuselage section was developed, and numerical simulations of the fuselage section under 7m/s vertical impact condition is performed using LS-DYNA explicit finite element code. Then a drop test of the structure is conducted, the impact surface was a wooden platform instrumented with 12 load cells. The passengers were simulated by 15 dummies, 4 of them were instrumented, and the passenger baggage was simulated by concentrated weights. The impact loads and the acceleration responses of the structure and dummies were collected by the data acquisition systems (DAS), and the DAS was synchronized to the high speed cameras. The experimental data processing methodologies were introduced and typical experimental curves were presented. The correlation of test and simulation shows that the simulation accurately captured the crushing and buckling pattern observed in the test article.
Fully parallel FPGA Implementation of an Artificial Neural Network Tuned by Genetic Algorithm (2018)

An artificial neural network (ANN)-based method for radio-frequency analog circuit synthesis is implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The ANN has four hidden layers, with fifteen neurons per hidden layer, and its hyper parameters are tuned by an auxiliary genetic algorithm (GA) that uses deterministic tournament for generation renewal with minimal hardware. The presented work actualizes the inherently parallel nature of ANN processes, doing away with optimizing vector manipulations by conventional serial hardware. Instead, the effort is put on minimizing the resources used by each neuron and maximizing their collective processing power. Moreover, the GA algorithm for hyper parameter tuning is implemented as a parallel process as well. The proposed architecture is validated on a concrete problem, showing its ability to learn the solution to a problem and generalize it to new instances.
Effect of probucol on insulin resistance in patients with non-diabetic chronic kidney disease. (2015)

Compared to angiotensin receptor blockers alone, the combination with probucol ameliorates IR in non-diabetic CKD patients and delays disease progression.
Learning a world model and planning with a self-organizing, dynamic neural system (2003)

We present a connectionist architecture that can learn a model of the relations between perceptions and actions and use this model for behavior planning. State representations are learned with a growing self-organizing layer which is directly coupled to a perception and a motor layer. Knowledge about possible state transitions is encoded in the lateral connectivity. Motor signals modulate this lateral connectivity and a dynamic field on the layer organizes a planning process. All mechanisms are local and adaptation is based on Hebbian ideas. The model is continuous in the action, perception, and time domain.
Perspectives of Nonlinear Dynamics (1989)

The dynamics of physical, chemical, biological, or fluid systems generally must be described by nonlinear models, whose detailed mathematical solutions are not obtainable. To understand some aspects of such dynamics, various complementary methods and viewpoints are of crucial importance. In this book the perspectives generated by analytical, topological and computational methods, and interplays between them, are developed in a variety of contexts. This book is a comprehensive introduction to this field, suited to a broad readership, and reflecting a wide range of applications. Some of the concepts considered are: topological equivalence; embeddings; dimensions and fractals; Poincaré maps and map-dynamics; empirical computational sciences vis-á-vis mathematics; Ulam's synergetics; Turing's instability and dissipative structures; chaos; dynamic entropies; Lorenz and Rossler models; predator-prey and replicator models; FPU and KAM phenomena; solitons and nonsolitons; coupled maps and pattern dynamics; cellular automata.
ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS OF LEAD, TIN AND GERMANIUM<sup>1</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS OF LEAD, TIN AND GERMANIUM1HENRY GILMAN and ROBERT W. LEEPERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1951, 16, 3, 466–475Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01143a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01143a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views202Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Epstein-Barr Virus and Neoplasia (1975)

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a lymphotropic herpes virus in man.1 Its main target is the human B lymphocyte.2 Only B lymphocytes and most if not all B lymphocytes have specific EBV receptors.3 Recent evidence suggests that the complement receptor of the B lymphocyte is either identical or closely associated with EBV receptor (Jondal M, Klein G, Oldstone MB: unpublished data).EBV can convert normal lymphocytes, which have a limited life span in vitro, into permanently growing cell lines.4 5 6 7 8 9 Such "immortalized" lines have a diploid or near-diploid karyotype,10 carry multiple copies of the viral genome per cell11 12 13 14 and express EBV-specific nuclear . . .
Nano-based delivery of RNAi in cancer therapy (2017)

With the growing number of RNAi therapeutics entering the clinical phase, various nanocarriers are expected to play important roles in the delivery of RNAi molecules for cancer therapeutics.
Apostolic Authority and the Control of Tradition: I Cor. xv (1969)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Palladium‐Catalysed Multicomponent Aminocarbonylation of Aryl or Heteroaryl Halides with [Mo(CO)<sub>6</sub>] and Aryl‐ or Heteroarylamines Using Conventional Heating (2009)

Abstract Di(hetero)arylamides have been synthesized in short reaction times by palladium‐catalysed multicomponent aminocarbonylation of either electron‐deficient or electron‐rich heteroaryl halides and p ‐iodoanisole with several arylamines bearing either electron‐donating or ‐withdrawing groups and aminopyridines using [Mo(CO) 6 ] as a solid CO source and conventional heating. Starting from heteroaryl bromides, a palladacycle with t Bu 3 PHBF 4 as ligand is required together with DBU as a base in dioxane and a temperature of 125 °C. From (hetero)aryl iodides, Pd(OAc) 2 without a ligand and DBU were used in dioxane at 110 °C. Under the latter conditions we were able to apply this reaction to deactivated aminopyridines to obtain the corresponding di(hetero)arylamides. We have demonstrated that these reactions can be performed under conventional heating (110–125 °C) to yield the corresponding di(hetero)arylamides in moderate‐to‐high yields in short reaction times (from 1–3 h) with no need for MW irradiation. A N ‐substituted isoindoline‐1,3‐dione from 2‐iodobenzoic acid or methyl 2‐iodobenzoate and p ‐anisidine through a one‐step carbonylative cyclization reaction was also obtained. Thus, we have extended the scope of thispalladium‐catalysed aminocarbonylation reaction with [Mo(CO) 6 ] to several (hetero)aryl substrates using conventional heating. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Ground State Modulation in Nickel(III) Chemistry by Controlling Axial Ligation in Complexes with N3O2 Pentadentate Ligands (2001)

The accessibility of the +3 oxidation state for nickel(II) complexes with N3O2 pentadentate Schiff base ligands prepared by condensation of naphthaldehyde or 3,5-dichlorosalicylaldehyde with triamines (Scheme 1) has been assessed in several solvents, by combining cyclic voltammetry and EPR spectroscopy of the oxidised metal complexes. The data show that trien/Metrien-based ligands act in pentadentate fashion and allow for the stabilisation of electrochemically and chemically generated nickel(III) complexes in all solvents used. The complexes, formulated as [NiIIIL(solv)]+, are low-spin and have a 2A1, [a dz + b dxy], ground state, with a ⩾ b. For dien-based ligands, steric constraints prevent coordination of the amine nitrogen atom of the pentadentate ligand to the metal centre, thus enforcing a fourfold coordination on the ligand. The resulting complexes can be oxidised to nickel(III) species, but only when using iodine as oxidant, in DMF or (CH3)2SO. The complexes are formulated as [NiIIIL(solv)2]+, and are low-spin and have a 2A1, [a dz + b dxy], ground state, with a >> b. The binding of pyridine and cyanide ion to NiIII trien/Metrien-based complexes was studied by EPR. The data obtained show that these polydentate ligands provide a flexible coordination sphere, and that by varying the ratio equatorial/axial ligand field it is possible to obtain NiIII in three different ground states. For pyridine adducts, the same ground state as the parent complex was observed with Metrien-based ligands, while for trien-based ligands an inverted ground state (2A1, [a dz + b dxy], with a << b) was observed, as the latter provides a higher axial ligand field. On the other hand, coordination of cyanide adducts induces a change in the principal molecular axis of the NiIII complexes, in which the cyanide ions occupy equatorial positions, and in which a 2A1, [a dz + b dxy], ground state, with a >> b, is observed.
Revisiting the problem of audio-based hit song prediction using convolutional neural networks (2017)

Being able to predict whether a song can be a hit has important applications in the music industry. Although it is true that the popularity of a song can be greatly affected by external factors such as social and commercial influences, to which degree audio features computed from musical signals (whom we regard as internal factors) can predict song popularity is an interesting research question on its own. Motivated by the recent success of deep learning techniques, we attempt to extend previous work on hit song prediction by jointly learning the audio features and prediction models using deep learning. Specifically, we experiment with a convolutional neural network model that takes the primitive mel-spectrogram as the input for feature learning, a more advanced JYnet model that uses an external song dataset for supervised pre-training and auto-tagging, and the combination of these two models. We also consider the inception model to characterize audio information in different scales. Our experiments suggest that deep structures are indeed more accurate than shallow structures in predicting the popularity of either Chinese or Western Pop songs in Taiwan. We also use the tags predicted by JYnet to gain insights into the result of different models.
Vascular aging: Chronic oxidative stress and impairment of redox signaling—consequences for vascular homeostasis and disease (2012)

Characteristic morphological and molecular alterations such as vessel wall thickening and reduction of nitric oxide occur in the aging vasculature leading to the gradual loss of vascular homeostasis. Consequently, the risk of developing acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases increases with age. Current research of the underlying molecular mechanisms of endothelial function demonstrates a duality of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in contributing to vascular homeostasis or leading to detrimental effects when formed in excess. Furthermore, changes in function and redox status of vascular smooth muscle cells contribute to age-related vascular remodeling. The age-dependent increase in free radical formation causes deterioration of the nitric oxide signaling cascade, alters and activates prostaglandin metabolism, and promotes novel oxidative posttranslational protein modifications that interfere with vascular and cell signaling pathways. As a result, vascular dysfunction manifests. Compensatory mechanisms are initially activated to cope with age-induced oxidative stress, but become futile, which results in irreversible oxidative modifications of biological macromolecules. These findings support the 'free radical theory of aging' but also show that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are essential signaling molecules, regulating vascular homeostasis.
Effectiveness of implant therapy in Sweden (2015)

Dental implants are commonly used in restorative therapy in patients with partial\nor full edentulism. Knowledge regarding the outcome of this kind of treatment has\nbeen limited to evaluations of efficacy, i.e. therapy performed under optimal\nconditions. The current series of studies evaluated effectiveness of dental implant\ntherapy including patient-reported outcomes, the occurrence of implant loss as\nwell as peri-implantitis.\nUsing the national data registry of the Swedish Social Insurance Agency, 4,716\npatients were randomly selected. All had been provided with implant-supported\nrestorations in 2003/2004. Patient-reported outcomes were analyzed by\nquestionnaire 6 years after completion of therapy (Study I). Patient files of 2,765\npatients were collected from more than 800 clinicians. Information on patients,\ntreatment procedures, and outcomes related to the implant-supported restorative\ntherapy was extracted from the files. 596 of the 2,765 subjects attended a clinical\nexamination 9 years after therapy. Early implant loss was assessed in patient files,\nwhile late implant loss was recorded at the clinical examination (Study II). The\nprevalence of peri-implantitis was determined from clinical and radiographic data\ncollected at the 9-year examination (Study III). Radiographs obtained from the\npatient files were used to evaluate the onset and pattern of progression of periimplantitis\n(Study IV).\nIt was demonstrated that:\n- the overall patient satisfaction was high but influenced by (i) age and\ngender of the patient, (ii) the extent of restorative therapy and (iii) the\ntraining of the clinician performing the treatment (Study I).\n- implant loss occurred in 7.6% of all patients over a follow-up of 9\nyears; patient and implant characteristics influenced the outcome\n(Study II).\n- 14.5% of all patients exhibited moderate/severe peri-implantitis, and\nseveral patient- and implant-related characteristics were identified as\nrisk indicators (Study III).\n- progression of peri-implantitis occurred in a non-linear, accelerating\npattern, and, in the majority of cases, the onset of the disease had\noccurred early (Study IV).
Metabolic factors contributing to altered Ca<sup>2+</sup> regulation in skeletal muscle fatigue (2003)

There is strong evidence that changes in phosphate metabolite levels contribute to early changes in SR Ca2+ regulation during fatigue and that inhibition of the SR Ca2+ release mechanism can partially explain the rapid decrease in tetanic [Ca2+]i during the final stages of fatigue. While precipitation of Ca-Pi may occur within the SR during fatigue, there is currently insufficient evidence to establish whether this contributes to the late decline in tetanic [Ca2+]i.
A new metal-rod-supported hat antenna for potentially combining with the Eleven antenna as a dual-band feed for reflectors (2011)

A new hat feed entirely made of metal without using dielectric material has been developed. Compared to the previous hat feeds, it has lower manufacture cost, higher reliability, and wider bandwidth of reflection coefficient. The feed has been optimized using Genetic Algorithm. A prototype has been manufactured, and measured results are presented to verify the numerical simulations. In addition, the new design opens up the possibility to combine the new hat antenna with the Eleven antenna for a dual-band feed.
Symptom pathogenesis during acute influenza: Interleukin‐6 and Other cytokine responses (2001)

Abstract In experimental human influenza infection initiated by nasal inoculation, the magnitude of viral replication, fever, and symptoms correlate with nasopharyngeal lavage fluid levels of various cytokines. Our aim was to assess these relationships in patients with naturally occurring acute influenza. Patients with culture‐positive influenza illness of less than 36 hr of duration were studied. Nasopharyngeal washing were collected at enrollment and on Day 2, 4, 6 and 8 for quantitative virus isolation and IL‐6, TNF‐α, INF‐α, INF‐γ and IL‐10 determinations. Blood samples collected at entry and on Day 2 and 6 were processed to assess plasma cytokines and circulating influenza RNA. Patients received either oseltamivir or placebo for 5 days. We assessed the correlation between nasopharyngeal lavage fluid or blood levels of cytokines before treatment and viral titers, symptom severity and fever. Sixteen adult subjects (median age of 22 years) were studied. In this small group of patients no significant differences between placebo and oseltamivir patients were found in viral replication or measures of cytokines. Thus the data for all 16 subjects were pooled for analysis. At entry, influenza A viruses were cultured from nasopharyngeal washes at a median titer of 4.8 log 10 TCID 50 /ml of wash. Viral titers correlated positively with symptom score ( P = 0.006) and temperature values ( P < 0.001). Viral titers, fever and symptoms were highest at enrollment and fell in parallel during the subsequent days. RT‐PCR assays failed to detect influenza RNA in the white blood cells from any patient. We observed a significant release, in both nasopharyngeal lavage fluid and in plasma, of IL‐6, TNF‐α, INF‐α, INF‐γ and IL‐10. At entry high IL‐6 levels were detected in the nasopharyngeal lavage fluid (median 10.3 pg/ml) and plasma (median 5.1 pg/ml) of all patients. We found a positive correlation between plasma IL‐6 levels and both symptom scores and temperature values ( P < 0.05), as well as a positive correlation between nasopharyngeal lavage fluid levels of IL‐6 and TNF‐α and temperature ( P < 0.05). We did not find significant associations between symptoms, fever and levels of INF‐α, INF‐γ or IL‐10. The magnitude of early decrease in viral titers correlated with initial levels of INF‐γ in nasopharyngeal lavage fluid ( P < 0.05). Significant production of IL‐6, TNF‐α, INF‐α, INF‐γ and IL‐10 occurs in response to community acquired influenza A illness. As in experimental influenza, symptoms and fever in natural acute influenza correlate with the release of IL‐6. J. Med. Virol. 64:262–268, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CP1 Domain in <i>Escherichia coli </i>Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase Is Crucial for Its Editing Function (2000)

The amino acid discrimination by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is achieved through two sifting steps; amino acids larger than the cognate substrate are rejected by a "coarse sieve", while the reaction products of amino acids smaller than the cognate substrate will go through a "fine sieve" and be hydrolyzed. This "double-sieve" mechanism has been proposed for IleRS, a class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. In this study, we created LeuRS-B, a mutant leucyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli with a duplication of the peptide fragment from Met328 to Pro368 (within its CP1 domain). This mutant has 50% of the leucylation activity of the wild-type enzyme and has the same ability to discriminate noncognate amino acids in the first step of the reaction. However, LeuRS-B can catalyze mischarging of tRNA(Leu) by methionine or isoleucine, suggesting that it is impaired in the ability to edit incorrect products. Wild-type leucyl-tRNA synthetase can edit the mischarged tRNA(Leu) made by LeuRS-B, while a separated CP1 domain cannot. These data suggest that the CP1 domain of leucyl-tRNA synthetase is crucial to the second editing sieve and that CP1 needs the structural context in leucyl-tRNA synthetase to fulfill its editing function.
Life and death of a superantigen-reactive human CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell clone: staphylococcal enterotoxins induce death by apoptosis but simultaneously trigger a proliferative response in the presence of HLA-DR<sup>+</sup> antigen-presenting cells (1992)

We report that a human CD4+ T cell clone with specificity for staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) superantigens A, D, and E can respond to SEs in two seemingly opposite ways. In the absence of antigen presenting cells (APC), SEA, D, and E (but not SEB or C1) strongly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the responsiveness of clone D894/25 to exogenous IL-2. Growth inhibition was due to SE-induced programmed cell death (apoptosis) as shown by propidium iodide staining and the appearance of the characteristic ladder pattern of DNA fragmentation. Apoptotic cell death was accompanied by significant cell lysis after 4 and 8 h as measured in a 51Cr release assay. In contrast (but as expected), a proliferative response of clone D894/25 was triggered by SEA, D, and E in the absence of exogenous IL-2 but presence of HLA class II-positive lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) as APC. Moreover, the addition of LCL feeder cells partially prevented the suppression of IL-2 responsiveness by SEs. Surprisingly, however, the latter two culture conditions (i.e. presence of LCL feeder cells with or without exogenous IL-2) were associated with similar levels of induced cell death as in the absence of LCL. At the clonal level, these data demonstrate that SE superantigens induce programmed cell death in a fraction (40-50%) of responsive mature T cells, irrespective of the presence or absence of MHC class II-positive APC. We conclude that the proliferative response of clone D894/25 which is triggered by SEs in the presence of APC and absence of IL-2 must originate from the fraction (50-60%) of clone T cells surviving SE-induced cell death.
Knoop Microhardness Mapping Used to Compare the Efficacy of LED, QTH and PAC Curing Lights (2010)

This study used a hardness mapping technique to compare the ability of seven curing lights to polymerize five composites. Six curing lights (Sapphire [plasma-arc: PAC], Bluephase16i [light emitting diode: LED], LEDemetron II [LED], SmartLite IQ [LED], Allegro [LED] and UltraLume-5 [Polywave LED]) were compared to an Optilux 501 (halogen: QTH) light. Five resin composites (Vit-1-escence, Tetric Evoceram, Filtek Z250, 4 Seasons and Solitaire 2) were polymerized at 4 mm and 8 mm from the end of the light guide. Four composites were light cured for the following times using these lights: Sapphire (5 seconds), Bluephase16i (5 seconds), LEDemetron II (5 seconds), SmartLite IQ (10 seconds), UltraLume-5 (10 seconds), Allegro (10 seconds) and Optilux 501 (20 seconds). Solitaire 2 required double these irradiation times. On each specimen, the Knoop microhardness (KHN) was measured at 49 locations across a 3 x 3 mm grid to determine the ability of each light to cure each brand of composite. The PAC light delivered the broadest spectrum of wavelengths, the greatest irradiance and hardness values that were 4.7 to 18.1 KHN(50gf) harder than the other lights. The ability of the lights to cure these five composites was ranked from highest to lowest: Sapphire, Optilux 501, Allegro, UltraLume-5, SmartLite IQ, LEDemetron II and Bluephase16i (ANOVA with REGWQ multiple comparison adjustment, p < 0.01).