gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The prospects for Ettingshausen and Peltier cooling at low temperatures (1962)

It is shown that the ambipolar Ettingshausen effect might be employed in a semi-metal or an intrinsic semiconductor to obtain useful cooling. The material should preferably have an energy gap less than kT, high effective masses and mobilities for both electrons and holes and a low lattice thermal conductivity. It is more likely that the right combination of properties will be found at low temperatures rather than at room temperature. It is also possible that phonon drag effects could increase the cooling effect. For this to happen the requirements are the same, except that the lattice thermal conductivity need not be low. So far, materials which have the required properties have not been found but by extrapolating from known semiconductors and semi-metals it is estimated that 30 degC of cooling at 80° K might be obtained from purely electronic effects. Higher values are rather unlikely, unless phonon drag effects could be exploited. Peltier cooling at low temperatures is also discussed briefly.
Effect of 17β‐oestradiol on contraction, Ca<sup>2+</sup> current and intracellular free Ca<sup>2+</sup> in guinea‐pig isolated cardiac myocytes (1992)

1. The effect of 17 beta-oestradiol on cardiac cell contraction, inward Ca2+ current and intracellular free Ca2+ ([free Ca2+]i) was investigated in guinea-pig single, isolated ventricular myocytes. The changes of cell length were measured by use of a photodiode array, the voltage-clamp experiments were performed with a switch clamp system and [free Ca2+]i was measured with the Ca2+ indicator, Fura-2. 2. 17 beta-Oestradiol (10, 30 microM) caused a decrease in cell shortening at both 22 and 35 degrees C. This negative inotropic effect was accompanied by a decrease in action potential duration mainly brought about by a shortening of the plateau region of the action potential. 17 beta-Oestradiol (10, 30 microM) induced a similar decrease in cell shortening in voltage-clamped and current-clamped cells. 3. In Fura-2 loaded cells, 17 beta-oestradiol (10 and 30 microM) decreased systolic Fura-2 fluorescence to 72 +/- 7% and 47 +/- 4% (n = 6, P less than 0.001) of control respectively. 17 beta-Oestradiol (10 microM) had no significant effect on diastolic Fura-2 fluorescence, but at higher concentration (30 microM) induced a slight decrease in resting Fura-2 fluorescence. The effect of 17 beta-oestradiol was reversible after 1-2 min of washout of the steroid. 4. 17 beta-Oestradiol (10 and 30 microM) decreased the peak inward Ca2+ current (ICa), which was sensitive to [Ca2+]o, dihydropyridines and isoprenaline, to 59 +/- 3% and 39 +/- 5% (n = 7 approximately 9, P less than 0.01) respectively, without producing any significant change in the shape of the current-voltage relationship.5. The recovery time of ICa from inactivation was delayed by 17beta-oestradiol (10microM). The inhibitory effect of 17beta-oestradiol on ICa was less at a holding potential of -80 mV than at -40 mV.6. We conclude that 17beta-oestradiol has a negative inotropic effect on guinea-pig single ventricular myocytes by inhibiting ICa and so reducing systolic [Ca2+]i. 17beta-Oestradiol may therefore have a Ca2+ channel blocking property in guinea-pig isolated ventricular myocytes.
Thickness Dependance of Al-doped ZnO Thin Film on Polymer Substrate (2007)

본 논문에서는 AZO 박막 두께 변화에 따른 구조적, 전기적, 광학적 특성의 영향에 대하여 연구하기 위하여 폴리카보네이트(PC : polycarbonate) 기판 위에 DC 스퍼터링법으로 증착시간을 변화시켜 박막의 두께를 조절하였다. 박막의 두께는 100 nm에서 500 nm까지 100 nm단위로 실험하였으며, 제작된 AZO 박막의 비저항 특성은 four point probe system를 이용하여 측정하였고, 박막의 입자크기, 표면상태를 Environment Secondary Electron Microscopy (ESEM)으로 관찰하였다. 또한 AZO 박막의 결정상태를 조사하기 위하여 High Resolution X-Ray Diffractometer (HR-XRD)를 이용하였고 광학적 투과도는 UV-visible spectrophotometer를 이용하여 분석하였다. 실험 결과 모든 박막에서 90% 이상의 광투과도를 보였으며 400 nm과 500 nm 두께의 AZO 박막에서는 <TEX>$4.5{\times}10^{-3}\;{\Omega}-cm$</TEX>의 비저항과 3.61 eV의 광밴드갭 에너지를 보였다. In this paper, we fabricated TCO (transparent conductive oxide) electrode on flexible substrate in order to study effects of electrical and optical properties according to Al-doped ZnO(AZO) film thickness. The thickness of film was from 100 nm to 500 nm and was controlled by changing deposition time. We used High Resolution X-ray Diffractometer (HR-XRD) to analyze crystal structure and UV-visible spectrophotometer to measure property of optical transmittance, respectively. The surface images are obtained by using ESEM (Environment Scanning Electron Microscopy). In this experiment, all the AZO films deposited on flexible substrate show high transmittance over 90% and especially in the films with 400 nm and 500 nm thickness, the resistivity (<TEX>$4.5{\times}10^{-3}\;{\Omega}-cm$</TEX>) and optical bandgap energy (3.61 eV) are superior to the other films.
Linear Amplification by Sampling Techniques: A New Application for Delta Coders (1975)

A new technique for linear amplification of envelopevarying bandpass signals using sampling techniques (LIST) and devices having nonlinear input-output relationships is described. Two component signals are produced by phase-reversal modulating two quadrature carriers with two delta-coded low-pass envelopes derived from the quadrature components of a bandpass signal. The component signals either are produced at a high level or are amplified in nonlinear amplifiers. An amplified replica of the input signal results from passively summing and bandpass filtering these two component signals. A laboratory demonstration shows that a LIST amplifier with spurious 40 dB below desired signals in a two-tone test is easily achieved.
Determination of Hexavalent Chromium in Industrial Hygiene Samples Using Ultrasonic Extraction and Flow Injection Analysis (1997)

A simple, fast, and sensitive method was developed for the determination of hexavalent chromium (CrVI) in workplace samples. Ultrasonic extraction in alkaline solutions with 0.05 M (NH4)2SO4-0.05 M NH3 provided good extraction efficiency of CrVI from the sample and allowed the retention of CrVI on an ion-exchange resin (95%). The CrVI in the sample solution was then separated as an anion from trivalent chromium [CrIII] and other cations by elution from the anion-exchange resin with 0.5 M (NH4)2SO4 in 0.1 M NH3 (pH 8) buffer solution. The eluate was then acidified with hydrochloric acid and complexed with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide reagent prior to flow injection analysis. By analyzing samples with and without oxidation of CrIII to CrVI using CeIV, the method can measure CrVI and total Cr. For optimizing the separation and determination procedure, preliminary trials conducted with two certified reference materials (CRMs 013-050 and NIST 1633a) and three spiked samples (ammonia buffer solution, cellulose ester filters and acid washed sand) indicated that the recovery of CrVI was quantitative (> 90%) with this method. The limit of detection for FIA-UV/VIS determination of the Cr-diphenylcarbazone complex was in the sub-nanogram range (0.11 ng). The technique was also applied successfully to a workplace coal fly ash sample that was collected from a power plant and paint chips that were collected from a heating gas pipe and a university building. The principal advantages of this method are its simplicity, sensitivity, speed and potential portability for field analysis.
Crossbar tree networks for embedded signal processing applications (2002)

This paper describes an insertion opportunity for optical interconnection technology in embedded massively parallel processors for radar signal processing.
Morphological Factors Influencing Recovery of Transgenic Bean Plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of a Carioca Cultivar (1997)

Some aspects influencing the achievement of transgenic bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants have been studied. The morphology of the shoot apex in 17 cultivars within the Carioca and Jalo types was analyzed. In some cultivars the apical meristematic region was partially covered by the primordia leaves. Cultivars in which the meristematic area was 100% exposed were assessed for multiple shoot induction using three concentrations of benzylaminopurine (4.4 μM, 22.2 μM, and 44.4 μM). The cultivar PF9029984 showed prolific multiple shoot induction. The early events of multiple shoot formation were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Transgenic bean plants from a Carioca-type cultivar were obtained by particle bombardment. The inheritance of the introduced foreign gene was Mendelian in all transgenic bean lines. Southern blot hybridization confirmed the integration of foreign genes into the plant genome.
Improved convergence and increased flexibility in the design of model reference adaptive control systems (1970)

A modified Liapunov design technique for model reference adaptive control system is shown to result in improved system convergence. An adaptive rule, derived on the basis of a new Liapunov function, is compared to the previous rule. A local stability analysis applied to the modified design shows that the error response is more rapidly convergent. Furthermore, system simulations show that the transient response for the adjustable parameters is also improved. A second result presented is a design technique for a class of plants whose parameters cannot be adjusted directly. This design leads to a system with a set of prefilter and feedback adjustable gains as the adaptive parameters and physically realizable linear time-invariant filter networks in both the feedback and prefilter paths. It eliminates the problem of nonunique adaptive laws previously encountered and requires only n - m - 1 derivative networks for its implementation (nth order plant with m zeros); hence, if m = n - 1, no derivative networks are required for implementation. In order to maintain a bounded plant input signal, the zeros of the plant transfer function must be restricted to the open left-half plane.
Effect of the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase C677T Polymorphism on Chemosensitivity of Colon and Breast Cancer Cells to 5-Fluorouracil and Methotrexate (2004)

Our data provide evidence that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism affects the concentration and intracellular distribution of folates and changes the growth and chemosensitivity of colon and breast cancer cells. The MTHFR C677T polymorphism may be a useful pharmacogenetic determinant for providing rational and effective tailored chemotherapy.
Prediction of incident diabetes mellitus in middle-aged adults: the Framingham Offspring Study. (2007)

Parental diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome traits effectively predict T2DM risk in a middle-aged white population sample and were used to develop a simple T2DM prediction algorithm to estimate risk of new T2DM during a 7-year follow-up interval.
Standardization of image quality and radiation dose in mammography. (1990)

Image quality is the cornerstone to the practice of high-quality mammography. To ensure high quality in the practice of mammography, the American College of Radiology has established a voluntary program for the accreditation of mammographic screening sites. Between August 15, 1987, and February 1, 1989, 647 mammography units completed the accreditation program. Data collected from those units are presented, demonstrating that broad ranges of image quality and dose currently exist among mammographic screening sites. Reasons are discussed for the wide ranges observed, and steps are proposed to narrow the ranges of image quality and dose in the practice of mammography.
160-Gb/s all-optical demultiplexing using a gain-transparent ultrafast-nonlinear interferometer (GT-UNI) (2001)

We report on an all-optical demultiplexer based on gain-transparent operation of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) in an ultrafast-nonlinear interferometer (GT-UNI). The GT-UNI comprises a robust fiber-chip setup in a folded geometry. For switching window widths of 5.2 ps and 6.0 ps, error-free demultiplexing of 160-10 Gb/s is demonstrated.
Dynamic password token based on SM3 algorithm (2016)

With the development of Internet technology, dynamic password token have won more and more favor in the field of identity authentication with the good security and ease of operation. Nowadays, foreign's SHA series of algorithms of dynamic password productsare widely using in our country, which have caused a potential threaten for the localization of information security. To realize the research and development of the independent technology products based state-owned cipher algorithm will make encryption products be better safeguarded. In this paper, I select the dynamic password authentication technology based on time synchronization, and a dynamic password is designed by using the state-owned SM3 algorithm Experimental result show that this method has high security and value.
Les coûts cachés de l’assurance veuvage informelle (2014)

Les mécanismes intrafamiliaux d’assurance apparaissent comme un des aspects de la solidarité supposée caractériser les économies des pays en développement, avec comme seul coût pour les bénéficiaires celui de la réciprocité. Par conséquent, les coûts non monétaires des mécanismes d’assurance informelle présents dans ces pays sont généralement ignorés. Si, en réalité, la réciprocité ne constitue pas le seul coût, on sous-estime alors le gain potentiel en bien-être permis, par exemple, par l’introduction de filets de sécurité sociaux. Le fait que des coûts éventuels puissent prendre une forme non monétaire et ne pas être une contrepartie directe de l’assurance rendent leur mise en évidence difficile. Notre étude s’intéresse au cas particulier de l’assurance veuvage au Sénégal. Grâce à des données originales de l’enquête « Pauvreté et Structure Familiale » collectées au Sénégal, nous montrons que les femmes dont le mari a eu des enfants d’un précédent mariage diminuent l’écart entre les naissances jusqu’à avoir un garçon.
Visual and spectrophotometric determination of compatibility of alteplase and streptokinase with other injectable drugs (1990)

Journal Article Visual and spectrophotometric determination of compatibility of alteplase and streptokinase with other injectable drugs Get access Chee Y. Lee, Chee Y. Lee Pharmacist Revco Drug Stores, Inc., Twinsburg, OH; at the time of this study he was a pharmacy student, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo (UT), Toledo, OH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Vincent F. Mauro, Pharm.D., Vincent F. Mauro, Pharm.D. Assistant Professor of Clinical Pharmacy College of Pharmacy, UT, and Clinical Pharmacist, Department of Pharmacy, Medical College Hospitals, Toledo, OH Address reprint requests to Dr. Mauro at the College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kenneth S. Alexander, Ph.D. Kenneth S. Alexander, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy, UT Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Volume 47, Issue 3, 1 March 1990, Pages 606–608, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/47.3.606 Published: 01 March 1990
A Low Power Cantilever-Based Metal Oxide Semiconductor Gas Sensor (2019)

This letter, for the first time, reports a novel metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensor based on a single cantilever. The extremely brief Platinum microheater without any coil, is on a 10 μm wide cantilever, which shows very low static power consumption and fast heating response. Sensors were fabricated on a four inch Si wafer using typical micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) process, and SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> was chosen as the sensing material. Test results indicate that the static power consumption is only 2.96 mW. With this applied power, the sensor can reach 400 °C and the heating-up time is just 260 μs. Both of them are enormously improved, comparing with the MEMS MOS gas sensors with suspended membrane supported by slender beams. The sensor shows a good linear characteristic to 0-10 ppm ethanol. Moreover, due to the single cantileverstructure, ten sensors can be fabricated inside a die of 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , improving the integration by an order of magnitude.
GTPγS and phorbol ester act synergistically to stimulate both Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐independent secretion and phospholipase D activity in permeabilized human platelets (1993)

We have tested the hypothesis that phospholipase D (PLD) is the effector of the unidentified G protein (GE) mediating Ca(2+)-independent exocytosis in platelets. Although GTP gamma S, and to a lesser extent phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), caused some secretion of 5-HT from electropermeabilized human platelets in the effective absence of Ca2+ (pCa > 9), these stimuli had much more potent synergistic effects when added together. In all cases, secretion of 5-HT was closely correlated to the stimulus-induced formation of [3H]phosphatidic acid ([3H]PA) from [3H]arachidonate-labelled phospholipids. Addition of ethanol inhibited both secretion and [3H]PA formation and led to the accumulation of [3H]phosphatidylethanol ([3H]PEt), indicating that [3H]PA was formed largely by activation of PLD. BAPTA and analogues caused dose-dependent inhibitions of both GTP gamma S-induced secretion and PLD activity in the permeabilized platelets. This action of BAPTA did not appear to be mediated by chelation of Ca2+ or by direct inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC). The results suggest that PLD is the target of GE in platelets and that BAPTA can block PLD activation.
Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges for Improving Transportation Security (2006)

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a promising technology for determining the condition of significant transportation structures objectively for efficient management and preservation of transportation assets. In addition to identifying, locating, and quantifying damage and deterioration due to effects of operation, aging, and natural hazards, the need for taking terrorism-related hazards into account has become evident after 9/11 terrorist attacks. Key transportation facilities like major bridges were identified by Department of Homeland Security (DHS) as possible terrorist targets since their loss or even temporary deficiency could lead to major impacts on economy and mobility. Several governmental, local, and private organizations have been working on identifying possible modes of threats, determining and sorting vulnerable structures, and establishing ways to prevent, detect and respond to such attacks. Authorities are also investigating ways to integrate current and future bridge management systems with security surveillance systems. Highway bridges are key links of the transportation system. This paper reviews security measures for bridges and discuss possible integration of structural health and security monitoring for improving security and safety of bridges and emergency management after a natural or man-made disaster.
ELASTIC EXTRAPOLATION OF PRIMARY SEISMIC P‐ AND S‐WAVES<sup>1</sup> (1990)

A bstract The elastic Kirchhoff‐Helmholtz integral expresses the components of the monochromatic displacement vector at any point A in terms of the displacement field and the stress field at any closed surface surrounding A. By introducing Green's functions for P‐ and S‐waves, the elastic Kirchhoff‐Helmholtz integral is modified such that it expresses either the P‐wave or the S‐wave at A in terms of the elastic wavefield at the closed surface. This modified elastic Kirchhoff‐Helmholtz integral is transformed into one‐way elastic Rayleigh‐type integrals for forward extrapolation of downgoing and upgoing P‐ and S‐waves. We also derive one‐way elastic Rayleigh‐type integrals for inverse extrapolation of downgoing and upgoing P‐ and S‐waves. The one‐way elastic extrapolation operators derived in this paper are the basis for a new prestack migration scheme for elastic data.
Tunable and wideband microwave photonic phase shifter based on a single-sideband polarization modulator and a polarizer (2012)

A novel microwave photonic phase shifter based on a single-sideband (SSB) polarization modulator (PolM) and a polarizer is proposed and demonstrated. In the SSB-PolM, two SSB intensity-modulated signals with a phase difference of π along two orthogonal polarization directions are generated. With the polarizer to combine the two signals, the phase of the optical microwave signal can be tuned from -180 to 180 deg by simply adjusting the polarization direction of the polarizer, whereas the amplitude keeps unchanged. An experiment is carried out. A full-range tunable phase shift in the frequency range of 11-43 GHz is achieved. The flat power response, power independent operation, and high stability of the proposed microwave photonic phase shifter is also confirmed.
Synthesis of comb‐branched polyacrylamide with cationic poly[(2‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate dimethylsulfate] quat (2002)

Abstract Comb‐branched polyelectrolytes with polyacrylamide backbones and poly[(2‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate methylsulfate] (polyDMAEMA‐DMS) side chains were prepared by free‐radical macromonomer polymerization. PolyDMAEMA‐DMS macromonomers bearing terminal styrenic moieties were synthesized by living anionic polymerization with lithium 4‐vinylbenzylamide (LiVBA) and lithium N ‐isopropyl‐4‐vinylbenzylamide (LiPVBA) as initiators. In the presence of LiCl, LiPVBA initiated a living polymerization of 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and produced polymers with well‐controlled molecular weights and low polydispersities. LiVBA could not directly initiate DMAEMA polymerization. After being capped with two units of dimethylacrylamide, DMAEMA polymerized with an initiator efficiency of 63%. The quaternization of the poly[(2‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] macromonomer with dimethyl sulfate yielded the cationic polyDMAEMA‐DMS macromonomer. The polyDMAEMA‐DMS macromonomer had a much higher reactivity than acrylamide in free‐radical polymerization. This might have been due to the formation of polyDMAEMA‐DMS micelles in the polymerization system. The high macromonomer reactivity caused composition drift in a batch process. A semibatch method with a constant polyDMAEMA‐DMS feed rate was used to control the copolymer composition. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 2394–2405, 2002