gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The relative importance of the components used for ultraviolet A protection in broad-spectrum sunscreens. (1992)

The need for effective ultraviolet A (UVA) protection is increasing. Broad-spectrum sunscreens are being used to protect the skin against aging and in the treatment of photodermatoses, where UVA protection can be vital. They are also used by patients taking photosensitizing drugs, such as 8-methoxypsoralen, to protect their skin against solar UVA. This raises the question of what components in broad-spectrum sunscreens are the most necessary for optimal UVA protection. In the present study, the components that can be used are compared and evaluated using an animal method with the inhibition of skin edema induced by 8-methoxypsoralen plus UVA as the biological end point. The results of this method indicate that powders do not provide any significant UVA protection. This could be due to the use of 8-methoxypsoralen in the test so that particularly the shorter UVA range is evaluated. Powders reflect mainly the longer UVA wavelengths. The UVA protection as measured with this method seems to be similar for the benzophenone derivative and for the dibenzoylmethane derivative. The UVA protection factors obtained are compared with those obtained in human skin using phototoxic erythema and UVA-induced tanning as parameters.
<title>Comparison of nonlinear filtering algorithms in ground moving target indicator (GMTI) tracking</title> (2003)

Tracking using the ground moving target indicator (GMTI) sensor measurements plays an important role in situation awareness of the battlefield, surveillance, and precision tracking of ground moving targets. The GMTI sensor measurements range, azimuth, and range-rate are nonlinear functions of the target state. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is widely used to solve the GMTI filtering problem. Since the GMTI measurement model is nonlinear, the use of an EKF is sub-optimal. The sub-optimality depends on the degree of nonlinearity of the measurement function and GMTI measurement error covariance. We can convert polar measurements range and azimuth to Cartesian measurements and approximately treat the range-rate as a linear function of the target velocity by considering the radar line-of-sight (RLOS) vector as a constant. This allows the use linear Kalman filter (KF) with linearized measurements in an approximate way. The unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and particle filter (PF) have been shown recently as robust alternate algorithms for a wide range of nonlinear estimation problems. This paper compares the performance of the KF with linearized measurements, EKF, iterated EKF (IEKF), UKF, and PF for the GMTI measurement filtering problem using a wide range of operating conditions. Estimation accuracy, statistical consistency, and computational speed and storage are used to evaluate the performance of these estimators. We use Monte-Carlo simulations and calculate the average mean square error (MSE) matrix, normalized estimation error squared (NEES), and normalized innovation squared (NIS) to analyze the accuracy and statistical consistency.
Conversion of engineering drawings to digital form (1965)

Article Free Access Share on Conversion of engineering drawings to digital form Author: A. C. Moore View Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '65: Proceedings of the SHARE design automation projectJanuary 1965 Pages 19.1–19.10https://doi.org/10.1145/800266.810772Published:01 January 1965Publication History 0citation153DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads153Last 12 Months10Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
The Formation of Oligosaccharides by Enzymic Transglycosylation (1956)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Fructose Transfer Glucose Transfer Galactose Transfer Some Heterosaccharide Transformations General Considerations
The Behavior of Rhenium in Electron Tube Environments (1959)

Rhenium, tungsten, and rhenium‐coated tungsten have been exposed to carburizing atmospheres and to water‐cycle attack, rhenium and tungsten to aluminum oxide at 1750 °C for 7000 hr, and rhenium to boron‐containing atmospheres. It was confirmed that rhenium, unlike most other refractory metals, does not form a carbide. Rhenium forms a boride, which forms a eutectic with another boride or with rhenium, and melts under 2250 °C. Thoriated rhenium maintains microstructural and mechanical integrity after long exposure in vacuum at 1750°C in contact with alumina. Rhenium and rhenium‐coated tungsten are highly resistant to water‐cycle effects.
Differential Gene Expression between Reciprocal Cross-fertilized Kernels and Their Parents during the Early Stages of Seed Development in Wheat (2005)

To understand the molecular basis of heterosis, modified differential display of mRNA was used to characterize the difference in gene expression between reciprocal cross-fertilized kernels and their parents seeds at 2, 6 and 12 days after pollination (DAP) by using 3 wheat hybrids with different level of heterosis.The results indicated that gene expression altered obviously in reciprocal cross-fertilized kernels as compared to their parents.The patterns of differential expression included:(1) Gene specifically expressed in cross-fertilized kernels but not in both parents; (2) Gene expressed in both parents but not in the cross-fertilized kernels and gene expressed in only one parents but not in the reciprocal cross-fertilized kernels; (3) Gene Identically expressed with one parent.The further analysis showed that higher percentage of sliencing expressed cDNA and lower percentage of identically expressed cDNA were observed in highly heterotic hybrid, which might be responsible for the observed heterosis.
Sueños y esperanzas en los viajes atlánticos. Imágenes devocionales en los siglos XVII y XVIII (2012)

During the Atlantic voyages the Spanish devoted themselves to the American devotions, through their images, to request help before the shipwrecks happened in the sea. In this scene miracles would take place thanks to their intermediations, circumstances that would appreciated by those involved visiting the sanctuaries of the veras efigies .
Prenatal HLA typing of uncultured amniocytes prior to the collection of related allogeneic cord blood (2001)

DNA samples isolated from corresponding uncultured amniotic fluid, cord blood and maternal blood (n=5) were subjected to low resolution typing of the HLA-A, -B and -DRB loci by the polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). Furthermore, the effect of ethylene diamine tetraacetate disodium salt (EDTA) on the quality of genomic DNA isolated from amniotic fluid samples after long-term storage was evaluated. Unambiguous results of HLA typing could be achieved from all amniotic fluid samples stabilized with EDTA. PCR-SSP typing failed in DNA samples from amniotic fluid without the addition of EDTA. In all cases the fetal HLA type could be confirmed by the result from the corresponding cord blood typing. Contamination with maternal DNA led to additional weak PCR-SSP bands in one case, but data interpretation was still unambiguous. Reliable fetal HLA typing can be achieved directly from amniotic fluid and culturing of amniocytes is not required.
A simple method for the reduction of boundary effects in the Richardson-Lucy approach to image deconvolution (2005)

In this paper we propose a solution to the problem of reducing the boundary effects (ripples) in the deconvolution of astronomical images. The approach applies to the Richardson-Lucy method (RLM), namely the most frequently used deconvolution method in Astronomy, and is based on the idea of using RLM for attempting a reconstruction of the astronomical target in a domain broader than that of the detected image. Even if, in general, the reconstruction outside the image domain is not reliable, this approach, in a sense, is letting RLM to choose the appropriate boundary conditions and, as a consequence, the reconstruction inside the domain is considerably improved. We propose a simple implementation of this approach, allowing a reduction of its computational burden. Numerical experiments indicate that it is possible to obtain excellent results. Extensions and applications of the method are briefly discussed.
Fibrin glue improves the healing of irradiated bowel anastomoses (1992)

Many surgeons are reluctant to construct a bowel anastomosis with irradiated intestine. Previous studies have demonstrated diminished tensile strength of rat small bowel anastomoses that have been irradiated intraoperatively. To determine whether fibrin glue, a known tissue adhesive, improves the healing of these anastomoses, 69 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three anastomotic groups: Group 1, sutured ileal anastomosis without radiation or fibrin glue; Group 2, irradiated sutured ileal anastomosis without fibrin glue; and Group 3, irradiated ileal anastomosis with fibrin glue added to the suture line. Groups 2 and 3 received a single dose of 2,000 R intraoperatively. At seven days, the rats were sacrificed and the anastomotic segment was tested for breaking (tensile) strength. Anastomotic collagen content was evaluated using a hydroxyproline assay. Tensile strength results demonstrated that Group 2 was significantly weaker than Groups 1 and 3 (P = 0.001) and that the hydroxyproline content of Group 3 was significantly greater than that of Group 2 (P = 0.015). These results show that the addition of fibrin glue to an intraoperatively irradiated small bowel anastomosis improves healing, as demonstrated by both tensile strength and hydroxyproline content studies.
Acid Effect in UV- and Radiation-Induced Grafting of Styrene to Cellulose (1982)

Further work on the mechanism of the acid enhancement in both UV and gamma ray grafting is reported. The copolymerisation of styrene in methanol and dioxan to cellulose is used as model system. Acid enhances grafting and homopolymer formation in both radiation systems. Analysis of the homopolymer from the grafting runs indicates that acid reduces the chain length, but increases the numbers, of grafted chains. Variables affecting the homopolymer yields in acid have been examined and include radiation dose, doserate and concentration of monomer in solvent. Water is shown to have a different effect to acid. Mn values on all homopolymers from the above runs are lower in acid than in neutral solution. The significance of the molecular weight data in grafting and homopolymerisation is discussed especially with respect to possible commercial applications of the graft copolymers of cellulose.
The effect of the lateral decubitus position on vagal tone (1997)

The average person spends about one-third of their time in a recumbent position. However, little is known about the effect of recumbent posture on autonomic nervous activity. Manoeuvres which can increase vagal tone have been sought both in the normal subject and in patients with heart disease. We have studied the autonomic effect of various recumbent positions, namely the supine, left lateral decubitus and right lateral decubitus positions, in healthy subjects by using spectral heart rate variability analysis. Both time- and frequency-domain measures were calculated and compared between the three recumbent positions. The normalised high-frequency power was used as the index of cardiac vagal activity, the normalised low-frequency power as the index of cardiac sympathetic activity and the low-frequency power/high-frequency power ratio as the index of sympathovagal balance. The normalised high-frequency power is highest in the right lateral decubitus position, followed in decreasing order by left lateral decubitus and supine positions. The low-frequency power/high-frequency power ratio has the reversed trend as compared with that of the normalised high-frequency power. These results suggest that cardiac vagal activity is greatest when the right lateral decubitus position is adopted.
Change detection techniques for ERS-1 SAR data (1993)

Several techniques for detecting temporal changes in satellite synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) imagery are compared, using both theoretical predictions and spaceborne SAR data collected by the first European Remote Sensing Satellite, ERS-1. In a first set of techniques, changes are detected based on differences in the magnitude of the signal intensity between two dates. Ratioing of the multidate radar intensities is shown to be better adapted to the statistical characteristics of SAR data than subtracting, and works best when the number of looks is large. In a second set of techniques, changes are detected based on estimates of the temporal decorrelation of speckle. This method works best with one-look complex amplitude data, but can also be used with intensity data provided that the number of looks is small. The two techniques are compared using actual SAR data collected by ERS-1. The results illustrate the viability as well as the complementary character of these techniques for detecting changes in the structural and dielectric properties of remotely sensed surfaces.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preliminary observation of the relationship between intraoperative electrophysiologic testing and surgical outcome of carpal tunnel release (2010)

Objective To explore a reliable predicator of surgical outcomes of carpal tunnel release(CTR)by exploring the changes of pre-and intraoperative median nerve-abductor pollicis brevis compound muscle action potential(CMAP).Methods Fifteen patients with carpal tunnel syndrome were involved in the study.Electrophysiologic examination was carried out to record CMAP of abductor pollicis brevis muscle at following moments:before CTR right after brachial plexus block,immediate after CTR and tourniquet release,1minute,3 minutes,5 minutes and 7 minutes after tourniquet release.Statistics analysis was done to compare these parameters with preoperative values.Results There were statistically significant changes in both amplitude and latency of the CMAP within 5 minutes after toumiquet release(P<0.05),while not much difference was seen after 5 minutes.While:both the latency and amplitude of CMAP were greatly improved(P<0.05),the improvement of amplitude had more statistical significance(P<0.01).Conclusion CMAP amplitude is a better predictor than CMAP latency to evaluate the effectiveness of median nerve decompression.It is more reliable to carry out electrophysiologic examination at least 5 minutes after tourniquet release.

Key words: 
Carpal tunnel syndrome; Electromyography; Action potentials
The lifestreams software architecture (1997)

\\Typical &amp;quot; computer users struggle to organize and nd their own electronic documents, manage their schedules and correspondence, and lter an ever increasing deluge of information. The process is made worse as users are forced to combine the disparate features of many applications to achieve these tasks. These problems suggest that our current software systems are ill-equipped to handle the demands of the typical computer user. Research has shown that common desktop environments (such asthe Macintosh \\desktop&amp;quot;) are often badly tted to users &apos; needs. In an attempt to do better we have reduced \\information management &amp;quot; to a few simple and unifying concepts and created \\Lifestreams. &amp;quot; Lifestreams is a software architecture based on a simple data structure, a time-ordered stream of documents, that can be manipulated with a small numberofpowerful operators to locate, organize, summarize and monitor information. In this dissertation we rst provide motivation for Lifestreams. We then present the model and discuss the development of our research prototype. Our prototype realizes many of the system&apos;s de ning features and has allowed us to experiment with the model&apos;s key ideas with actual users (of di ering levels of computer experience) over the course of its development. Results from its use suggest that Lifestreams is an e ective software architecture for managing common computer tasks; its simple organizational storage system (the stream) combined with a small number of powerful operators provides a uni ed framework that subsumes many separate desktop applications to accomplish and handle the most common personal communication, reminding, and storage and retrieval tasks. In addition, Lifestreams suggests valuable new capabilities for electronic systems.
GREEN CHEMISTRY GETS GREENER (2002)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTGREEN CHEMISTRY GETS GREENERCatalysis, agriculture are part of myriad efforts to expand environmentally benign practicesSTEPHEN K. RITTERView Author Information C&EN WASHINGTONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2002, 80, 20, 38–42Publication Date (Print):May 20, 2002Publication History Published online13 November 2010Published inissue 20 May 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v080n020.p038https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v080n020.p038newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views25Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Catalysis,Green chemistry Get e-Alerts
Limitations of WDM transmission over 560 km due to degenerate four wave mixing (1992)

A two channel, 2.4 Gbit/s CPFSK transmission experiment over 560 km using erbium doped fibre amplifiers with a receiver sensitivity of −27 dBm is demonstrated. Four wave mixing effects are shown to be the dominant consideration for the determination of channel spacing.
Pitting Corrosion in Copper Tubes in Cold Water Service (1973)

Exposure trials in different water supplies have been carried out using copper tubes having various degrees of carbon contamination in the bore. On exposure to a water that supports pitting, the electrode potential of highly-contaminated tubes increases to a value greater than the critical potential for pitting. On the other hand, tubes abrasively cleaned with iron or alumina grit to reduce the carbon to a low level have potentials less than the critical value. Experiments were carried out in which uncleaned tubes were transferred from a water that supports pitting to one that does not and vice-versa. The results lead to the conclusion that in a water that does not support pitting, cathodic polarisation occurs to such an extent that the electrode potential never exceeds the critical value for pitting, even in the presence of considerable carbon contamination.
Structural studies and model membrane interactions of two peptides derived from bovine lactoferricin (2004)

The powerful antimicrobial properties of bovine lactoferricin (LfcinB) make it attractive for the development of new antimicrobial agents. An 11-residue linear peptide portion of LfcinB has been reported to have similar antimicrobial activity to lactoferricin itself, but with lower hemolytic activity. The membrane-binding and membrane-perturbing properties of this peptide were studied together with an amidated synthetic version with an added disulfide bond, which was designed to confer increased stability and possibly activity. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of the peptides were measured against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and by hemolysis assays. The peptides were also tested in an anti-cancer assay against neuroblastoma cell lines. Vesicle disruption caused by these LfcinB derivatives was studied using the fluorescent reporter molecule calcein. The extent of burial of the two Trp residues in membrane mimetic environments were quantitated by fluorescence. Finally, the solution NMR structures of the peptides bound to SDS micelles were determined to provide insight into their membrane bound state. The cyclic peptide was found to have greater antimicrobial potency than its linear counterpart. Consistent with this property, the two Trp residues of the modified peptide were suggested to be embedded deeper into the membrane. Although both peptides adopt an amphipathic structure without any regular α-helical or ß-sheet conformation, the 3D-structures revealed a clearer partitioning of the cationic and hydrophobic faces for the cyclic peptide. Copyright © 2004 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 12/2013 (2013)

Front Cover: Tough graphene oxide nanocomposite hydrogels fabricated by using graphene peroxide as polyfunctional initiating and cross-linking centers show excellent self-healing ability at ambient temperature or even lower temperatures, and very high recovery degrees (up to 88% in tensile strength) can be achieved. The healed gels exhibit the highest tensile strengths (up to 0.35 MPa) and elongations (up to 4900%) ever reported. Further details can be found in the article by J. Q. Liu, G. S. Song, C. C. He, and H. L. Wang* on page 1002.
Vicarious Radiometric Calibration of a Multispectral Camera on Board an Unmanned Aerial System (2014)

Combinations of unmanned aerial platforms and multispectral sensors are considered low-cost tools for detailed spatial and temporal studies addressing spectral signatures, opening a broad range of applications in remote sensing. Thus, a key step in this process is knowledge of multi-spectral sensor calibration parameters in order to identify the physical variables collected by the sensor. This paper discusses the radiometric calibration process by means of a vicarious method applied to a high-spatial resolution unmanned flight using low-cost artificial and natural covers as control and check surfaces, respectively.
RF-excited CO 2 laser with IR optical fiber (1999)

The characteristics of a RF-excited all-metal CO<SUB>2</SUB> portable laser with 1.0 m infrared optical fiber are described. The laser excited by 45.38 MHz can give 12 W- output power with square-pulse waveform (4 - 15 KHz) at the end of IR-fiber's coupler. The power-density is about 8 KW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. Also using CW-CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser the IR-fiber (0.2 db/m) has transmitted 10<SUP>2</SUP>W (30 KW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>) laser power in the laboratory conditions.