gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Otitis Media in Chinchillas (1980)

Otitis media was induced in chinchillas by intrabullar injection of type 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae. It was found that the severity of a primary infection was related to the dose of bacteria injected, and animals that had recovered from a primary infection were resistant to reinfection with type 3 S pneumoniae. Middle ear effusions from infected animals contained antibodies to type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide, whereas the sera of these animals lacked this antibody, suggesting that resistance to reinfectin was due to local immune mechanisms. This idea was tested by immunizing chinchillas by various routes. Animals immunized with formalin-killed type 3 S pneumoniae by intramuscular injection (to stimulate the systemic immune system) or by intranasal inoculation (to stimulate the secretory immune system) were found to be susceptible to infection with type 3 pneumonococcus, while animals immunized by inoculation of bacterial suspension directly into the middle ear were resistant to infection. In addition, we found that ampicillin treatment of a primary infection blocks the development of resistance since antibiotic-treated animals were susceptible to reinfection with the type 3 pneumococcus. These results indicate that chinchillas develop an immunity to pneumococcal otitis media following recovery from primary infection and that this immunity is mediated primarily by local immune mechanisms rather than systemic immune responses.
Alteration in the distribution of the epidermal protein filaggrin during two-stage chemical carcinogenesis in the SENCAR mouse skin. (1984)

The histidine-rich epidermal protein filaggrin was purified from urea extracts of newborn SENCAR mouse epidermis. The protein had a molecular weight of 28,000 and an amino acid composition distinctive for this class of proteins. The purified protein was a phosphate acceptor in an in vitro protein kinase assay. Rabbit antibodies raised against filaggrin were used in an indirect immunofluorescent survey of the distribution of filaggrin in the epidermis after single and multiple 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate treatments as well as in papillomas and carcinomas. The immunofluorescent pattern of acetone-treated adult SENCAR mouse epidermis showed primarily granular layer fluorescence. A single topical 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate treatment increased immunofluorescence in basal and suprabasal cells. Large papillomas produced by a dimethylbenz[a]anthracene initiation-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate promotion protocol showed increased fluorescence in all layers. Exuberant papillomas showed a pleomorphic distribution of filaggrin with alternating positive and negative areas of immunofluorescence. Filaggrin immunofluorescence in invasive carcinomas was negative or only slightly positive. The distribution of filaggrin as detected by indirect immunofluorescence is a good indicator of maturation and differentiation in experimental tumors, and its presence correlates with the absence of aggressive or invasive growth.
5 Percent Ares I Scale Model Acoustic Test: Overpressure Characterization and Analysis (2013)

During the ignition of a ducted solid rocket motor (SRM), rapid expansion of injected hot gases from the motor into a confined volume causes the development of a steep fronted wave. This low frequency transient wave propagates outward from the exhaust duct, impinging the vehicle and ground structures. An unsuppressed overpressure wave can potentially cause modal excitation in the structures and vehicle, subsequently leading to damage. This presentation details the ignition transient f indings from the 5% Ares I Scale Model Acoustic Test (ASMAT). The primary events of the ignition transient environment induced by the SRM are the ignition overpressure (IOP), duct overpressure (DOP), and source overpressure (SOP). The resulting observations include successful knockdown of the IOP environment through use of a Space Shuttle derived IOP suppression system, a potential load applied to the vehicle stemming from instantaneous asymmetrical IOP and DOP wave impingement, and launch complex geometric influences on the environment. The results are scaled to a full-scale Ares I equivalent and compared with heritage data including Ares I-X and both suppressed and unsuppressed Space Shuttle IOP environments.
Determination of the symmetry of the ammonium ion in crystals from the infrared spectra of the isotopically dilute ammonium-d1(1+) species (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of the symmetry of the ammonium ion in crystals from the infrared spectra of the isotopically dilute ammonium-d1(1+) speciesIan A. Oxton, Osvald Knop, and Michael FalkCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1976, 80, 11, 1212–1217Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100552a019https://doi.org/10.1021/j100552a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views161Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
New biobased carboxylic acid hardeners for epoxy resins (2013)

Abstract Soybean oil was modified into a novel biobased polyacid hardener by thiol‐ene coupling with thioglycolic acid. The structure of the initial soybean oil and polyacid triglyceride was carefully analyzed using 1 H NMR and titration. The thermal crosslinking reaction between acid hardener and epoxidized resin was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheology. Then, the synthesized biobased acid hardener was employed as a novel curing agent for bisphenol A diglycidyl ether to elaborate new partially biobased materials. These materials, formulated in stoichiometry ratio, were characterized by DSC, thermogravimetry analyses, dynamic mechanical analyses and exhibit interesting properties for coatings. Practical applications: The products of the chemistry described in this contribution, i.e., polyacid from soybean oil and thioglycolic acid, provide biobased building blocks for further epoxy resin syntheses by reaction with epoxy groups. The obtained epoxy resins are partially biobased and may be applied as binders and coatings.
Effect of Gonadotropic Hormones on Hypophysectomized (Anterior Lobe) Male Rana Pipiens (1954)

Author Institution: Department of Zoology and Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus 10
Macroreticular redox polymers. II. Further synthesis and properties of some redox polymers (1966)

Abstract A series of redox polymers was prepared by the addition of different redox groups to preformed, chloromethylated macroreticular styrene–divinylbenzene copolymers. These polymers contained the hydroquinone, hydroquinonesulfonic acid, methylhydroquinone, 2,5‐dimethylhydroquinone, 2,5‐dimethylhydroquinonesulfonic acid, 2,3,5‐trimethylhydroquinone, tert ‐butylhydroquinone, chlorohydroquinone, benzyl mercaptan, anthraquinone, and the pyrogallol redox groups. Thus, a set of redox polymers is available having redox potentials that may range from approximately 150 to 700 mv.
Issues on combining human and non-human intelligence (1991)

The purpose here is to call attention to some of the issues confronting the designer of a system that combines human and non-human intelligence. We do not know how to design a non-human intelligence in such a way that it will fit naturally into a human organization. The author's concern is that, without adequate understanding and consideration of the behavioral and psychological limitations and requirements of the human member(s) of the system, the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) subsystems can exacerbate operational problems. We have seen that, when these technologies are not properly applied, an overall degradation of performance at the system level can occur. Only by understanding how human and automated systems work together can we be sure that the problems introduced by automation are not more serious than the problems solved.
Antihemostatic Molecules from Saliva of Blood-Feeding Arthropods (2005)

The ability to feed on vertebrate blood has evolved many times in various arthropod clades. Each time this trait evolves, novel solutions to the problem posed by vertebrate hemostasis are generated. Consequently, saliva of blood-feeding arthropods has proven to be a rich source of antihemostatic molecules. Vasodilators include nitrophorins (nitric oxide storage and transport heme proteins), a variety of peptides that mimic endogenous vasodilatory neuropeptides, and proteins that catabolize or sequester endogenous vasoconstrictors. A variety of platelet aggregation inhibitors antagonize platelet responses to wound-generated signals, including ADP, thrombin, and collagen. Anticoagulants disrupt elements of both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Molecular approaches (termed ‘sialomics’) to characterize the full inventory of mRNAs transcribed in salivary glands have revealed a surprising level of complexity within a single species. Multiple salivary proteins may be directed against each component of hemostasis, resulting in both redundancy and in some cases cooperative interactions between antihemostatic proteins, as in the case of the <i>Rhodnius prolixus </i>apyrase (which hydrolyzes ADP) and <i>Rhodnius</i> platelet aggregation inhibitor 1 (which sequesters ADP). The complexity and redundancy of saliva ensures an efficient blood meal for the arthropod, but it also provides a diverse array of novel antihemostatic molecules for the pharmacologist.
Acute, lethal, natural killer cell-resistant myeloproliferative disease induced by polyomavirus in severe combined immunodeficient mice. (1994)

Infection of severe combined immunodeficient mice, which lack T and B lymphocytes, with polyomavirus (PyV) induced an acute hematological disorder leading to the death of the mice by 2 weeks postinfection. The disease was characterized by a dramatic decrease in megakaryocytes, multiple hemorrhages, anemia, thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly, a massive myeloproliferation and splenic erythroproliferation with a defect in maturation of the myeloid elements similar to that in acute leukemia. This pathology in severe combined immunodeficient mice is very different from that of the well-characterized tumor profiles induced by PyV in normal newborn or nude mice. Viral T and capsid (VP1) antigens and viral genome were detected in some cells in the spleen, but not in the majority of the proliferating myeloid cells. This suggests that the myeloproliferation is induced by some indirect mechanism, such as secretion of growth factors or cytokines by virus-infected cells, rather than by direct transformation by PyV. Neither the spread of PyV, its replication in different organs, nor the pathogenesis or the time of death were altered by depleting natural killer cells in vivo by anti-natural killer cell antibodies. Analysis of the spleen leukocyte population indicated that the cells expressed high levels of class I major histocompatibility complex antigens and were resistant to lysis by activated natural killer cells.
Adenovirus-Mediated Expression of Fas Ligand Induces Hepatic Apoptosis after Systemic Administration and Apoptosis of <i>Ex Vivo</i> -Infected Pancreatic Islet Allografts and Isografts (1997)

Fas ligand (FasL) mediates apoptosis of Fas-bearing cells and is expressed on a limited number of tissues, predominantly activated T lymphocytes. We describe the construction and biological activity of a replication-deficient type-5 adenovirus encoding murine FasL under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter (adCMV-FasL). In vitro, Jurkat cells undergo apoptosis when co-incubated with adCMV-FasL-infected COS cells. Systemic administration of adCMV-FasL to Wistar rats or DBA/2J mice results in widespread hepatic apoptosis and death in a dose-dependent manner within 72 hr, an effect not seen in lpr mice, or animals administered equivalent doses of adCMV-beta gal. Murine pancreatic islets also undergo apoptosis when infected ex vivo with adCMV-FasL, resulting in uniform primary nonfunction when transplanted into syngeneic or allogeneic diabetic recipients. These results indicate that adCMV-FasL is a potentially useful tool to study Fas/FasL biology.
Occurrence and Risk Factors for Reintervention After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (2006)

Reintervention after primary CABG is common. Risk factors for arteriosclerosis and type of bypass conduit influence the need or bias for repeat coronary therapy. Aggressive post-CABG risk factor reduction and extensive arterial grafting at primary operation should decrease coronary reinterventions.
MAGNETIZATION OF AMORPHOUS MAGNETS (1979)

The temperature dependence of the distribution of the magnetic moment in an amorphous magnet, where the exchange interactions and the magnitude of the magnetic moment at O K are random variables, has been investigated. In particular, we considered the two-limiting cases, the one with the fixed spin and the other with the fixed interaction. The mean magnetization is also shown in a figure. The temperature-dependence of the width of the magnetization distribution shows an opposite tendency to each other. It is to be noted that the constant width observed in the experiment can be explained by the simultaneous existence of the both effect.
The Effect Of Spaceflight And Microgravity On The Human Brain (2017)

Microgravity, confinement, isolation, and immobilization are just some of the features astronauts have to cope with during space missions. Consequently, long-duration space travel can have detrimental effects on human physiology. Although research has focused on the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system in particular, the exact impact of spaceflight on the human central nervous system remains to be determined. Previous studies have reported psychological problems, cephalic fluid shifts, neurovestibular problems, and cognitive alterations, but there is paucity in the knowledge of the underlying neural substrates. Previous space analogue studies and preliminary spaceflight studies have shown an involvement of the cerebellum, cortical sensorimotor, and somatosensory areas and the vestibular pathways. Extending this knowledge is crucial, especially in view of long-duration interplanetary missions (e.g., Mars missions) and space tourism. In addition, the acquired insight could be relevant for vestibular patients, patients with neurodegenerative disorders, as well as the elderly population, coping with multisensory deficit syndromes, immobilization, and inactivity.
A study of atmospheric neutrinos with the IMB detector (1985)

A sample of 401 contained neutrino interactions collected in the 3300 metric ton fiducial mass IMB detector was used to study neutrino oscillations, geomagnetic modulation of the flux and to search for point sources. The majority of these events are attributed to neutrino interactions. For the most part, these neutrinos are believed to originate as tertiary products of cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere. The neutrinos are a mixture of v sub e and v sub micron.
Identification of a novel promoter in the E2 open reading frame of the human papillomavirus type 18 genome (2002)

Northern blot and RT-PCR analyses indicated that the human papillomavirus E4 open reading frame is expressed in HeLa cells. Because integration at the E1 or E2 open reading frame would place the viral upstream regulatory region downstream of the viral late genes, the expression of E4 in HeLa cells is most likely regulated by host cellular promoter(s) or unidentified viral promoter(s) in the E2 region. Primer extension analysis and transient transfection experiments with luciferase reporter constructs under the transcriptional control of various subgenomic fragments of HPV-18 were carried out to identify and characterize functional promoters within the E2 region. The in vivo activity of a novel promoter located within the 5'-end region of the E2 open reading frame of human papillomavirus type 18 is demonstrated.
Microwave Observatory of Subcanopy and Subsurface (MOSS): a low-frequency radar for global deep soil moisture measurements (2004)

Measurements of deep and subcanopy soil moisture are critical in understanding the global water and energy cycle, as well as the interaction of the carbon and water cycles, but are presently not available on a synoptic basis. In this paper, a low-frequency UHF/VHF radar mission concept is presented and technology challenges to implement it are discussed. This mission concept is currently being studies under a NASA/ESTO instrument incubator program (IIP) project. The progresses of several aspects of the project are discussed.
A Third-Order Boundary Condition for the Exterior Stokes Problem in Three Dimensions (1987)

We approximate the Stokes operator on an exterior domain in three dimensions by a truncated problem on a finite subdomain. A third-order artificial boundary condition is introduced. We discuss the approximating behavior of the truncated problem and its discretization in a finite element space. Combined errors arising from truncation and discretization are considered.
Mechanism of action and other potential roles of an immune response modifier. (2007)

Imiquimod (1-[2-methylpropyl]-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine) is a widely used topical immune response modifier. This drug was initially developed as an antiviral agent and was found to have potent effects on the immune system. Because imiquimod causes the activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), it acts as an immunologic adjuvant. By triggering cytokine production, imiquimod enhances the ability of APC to present viral or tumor antigens to reactive T lymphocytes, and amplifies type 1 helper T cell (T(H) 1)-mediated immune responses (interferon [IFN] gamma production as well as other related cytokines). The cellular receptors for imiquimod and its analogues are toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 8. These 2 receptors are part of a larger family of TLRs that are critical components of innate immunity, which has evolved to detect dangerous bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections. Topical imiquimod is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatment for external genital warts, actinic keratoses (AKs), and superficial basal cell carcinomas (sBCCs). Because there are a number of cell types that express either TLR7 or receptors for cytokines induced by imiquimod, this agent has broad-reaching direct and indirect effects in the skin as well as the related skin immune system. Thus, imiquimod has been demonstrated to be useful in the treatment of a number of conditions beyond the FDA-approved indications (mostly neoplastic and infectious but also fibrotic and some degenerative conditions).
CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION OF REGIMENTED <font>Ge</font> ISLANDS ON TEMPLATED <font>Si</font> (100) SUBSTRATES (2007)

The concept of templated self-assembly of quantum dots has been transferred from molecular beam epitaxy to chemical vapour deposition. Here we demonstrate the fabrication of ordered arrays of Ge islands on a Si (100) surface using optical holography for the pre-pattern and subsequent growth by chemical vapor deposition. The samples were analyzed by atomic force microscopy and photoluminescence. Ordered arrays of Ge islands with a narrow size distribution and intense narrow photoluminescence lines of the islands have been observed.
A strategy for the total synthesis of jatrophone: synthesis of normethyljatrophone (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA strategy for the total synthesis of jatrophone: synthesis of normethyljatrophoneAmos B. Smith III, Michael A. Guaciaro, Steven R. Schow, Peter M. Wovkulich, Bruce H. Toder, and Tse Wai HallCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1, 219–222Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00391a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00391a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views682Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Problem Statement for VPN As A Service (2011)

This document examines the problems and challenges associated with the
process of setting up secure connections between authorized network
nodes. The network nodes can be located anywhere in a private or
public network, directly connected or behind one or more levels of
NAT. Setting up a secure connection in this environment entails the
resolution of various issues such as authentication, peer discovery,
virtual network address management, and connection parameters
determination.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Synthetic Self‐Assembling Molecular Capsule: From Flexible Spacer to Rigid Spacer. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.