gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three New Approaches to Privacy-preserving Add to Multiply Protocol and its Application (2009)

Privacy-preserving Data Mining aims at securely extracting knowledge from two or more parties' private data. Secure Multi-party Computation is the paramount approach to it. In this paper, we study Privacy-preserving Add and Multiply Exchanging Technology and present three new different approaches to Privacy-preserving Add to Multiply Protocol. After that, we analyze and compare the three different approaches about the communication overheads, the computation efforts and the security. In addition, we extend Privacy-preserving Add to Multiply Protocol to Privacy-preserving Adding to Scalar Product Protocol, which is more secure and more useful in the high security situations of Privacy-preserving Data Mining. Meantime, we present a solution for the new protocol.
Management of overactive bladder with transdermal oxybutynin. (2006)

In clinical trials, transdermal oxybutynin (OXY-TDS) has shown comparable efficacy and improved tolerability when compared with conventional pharmacotherapy. Systemic anticholinergic adverse effects are comparable to those with placebo, most likely owing to avoidance of first-pass hepatic metabolism and conversion of oxybutynin to N-desethyloxybutynin. OXY-TDS has predictable pharmacokinetic absorption and elimination parameters, as shown in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Consistent plasma concentrations of oxybutynin avoid labile peak and trough concentrations seen with immediate-release formulations, paralleling extended-release drug delivery. This novel drug delivery system has unique dermatologic skin application site reactions, including erythema and pruritus. Skin reactions are usually mild and can be minimized by varying the site of patch application. Most eczematous dermatologic reactions can be appropriately treated with a moderately potent topical corticosteroid cream. A small percentage of patients will discontinue therapy as a result of bothersome application site skin reactions.
Efficacy and Dose Adjustment of Oral Desmopressin (DDAVP) in Patients with Central Diabetes Insipidus (2002)

Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is an uncommon disease caused by the deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), i.e. vasopressin. Deficiency of ADH leads to a failure to conserve water and results in polyuria and polydipsia. Desmopressin (1-desamino-8-Darginine vasopressin, dDAVP), a synthetic analogue of vasopressin, has been utilized for over 20 years, it is the most effective drug for the management of CDI and is adminosered typically by intranasal route one to three times daily. Recently, dDAVP was proven to be effective when given orally. The experience of treating CDI with oral dDAVP is limited in Taiwan. We hereby reported two cases of CDI, one was caused by metastatic lung cancer and the other was idiopathic. These two cases responded to administration of oral dDAVP without notable side-effects. In this report, we shared our experience in dosage adjustment of dDAVP that was critical for successful treatment. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of oral dDAVP were also discussed in this report.
Optimizing decision trees through heuristically guided search (1978)

Optimal decision table conversion has been tackled in the literature using two approaches, dynamic programming and branch-and-bound. The former technique is quite effective, but its time and space requirements are independent of how “easy” the given table is. Furthermore, it cannot be used to produce good, quasioptimal solutions. The branch-and-bound technique uses a good heuristic to direct the search, but is cluttered up by an enormous search space, since the number of solutions increases with the number of test variables according to a double exponential. In this paper we suggest a heuristically guided top-down search algorithm which, like dynamic programming, recognizes identical subproblems but which can be used to find both optimal and quasioptimal solutions. The heuristic search method introduced in this paper combines the positive aspects of the above two techniques. Compressed tables with a large number of variables can be handled without deriving expanded tables first.
Reactions of Stable Silylenes with Organic Azides (2005)

Reactions of N-heterocyclic stable silylenes 1 and 2 with various organic azides have been studied. Silylene 1 reacts with RN3 (R = phenyl, p-tolyl, Ph3C, Ph3Si) to yield the spirocyclic silatetrazolines 11−14. Silylene 2 reacts similarly to give derivatives 16−19, except that with R = p-tolyl a small amount of a μ2-azine-bridged tricyclic product 20 is also formed. The products are consistent with reactions proceeding through an unstable iminosilane intermediate. A definitive crystal structure for 2 is reported.
A new normal form for nested relations (1987)

We consider nested relations whose schemes are structured as trees, called scheme trees, and introduce a normal form for such relations, called the nested normal form. Given a set of attributes U , and a set of multivalued dependencies (MVDs) M over these attributes, we present an algorithm to obtain a nested normal form decomposition of U with respect to M . Such a decomposition has several desirable properties, such as explicitly representing a set of full and embedded MVDs implied by M , and being a faithful and nonredundant representation of U . Moreover, if the given set of MVDs is conflict-free, then the nested normal form decomposition is also dependency-preserving. Finally, we show that if M is conflict-free, then the set of root-to-leaf paths of scheme trees in nested normal form decomposition is precisely the unique 4NF decomposition [9, 16] of U with respect to M .
The Constitutional Role of the Courts: A Perspective from a Nation without a Bill of Rights (2004)

This paper provides an Australian perspective on the constitutional role of the courts, with particular reference to judicial review and the protection of human rights. Professor Williams suggests a convergence between written and unwritten constitutional systems, and between systems that have bills of rights and those that do not, on the constitutional role of the courts.
Identifying critical road geometry parameters affecting crash rate and crash type. (2009)

The objective of this traffic safety investigation was to find critical road parameters affecting crash rate (CR). The study was based on crash and road maintenance data from Western Sweden. More than 3000 crashes, reported from 2000 to 2005 on median-separated roads, were collected and combined with road geometric and surface data. The statistical analysis showed variations in CR when road elements changed confirming that road characteristics affect CR. The findings indicated that large radii right-turn curves were more dangerous than left curves, in particular, during lane changing manoeuvres. However sharper curves are more dangerous in both left and right curves. Moreover, motorway carriageways with no or limited shoulders have the highest CR when compared to other carriageway widths, while one lane carriageway sections on 2+1 roads were the safest. Road surface results showed that both wheel rut depth and road roughness have negative impacts on traffic safety.
Direct regulation of abiotic responses by the <scp>A</scp>rabidopsis circadian clock component <scp>PRR</scp>7 (2013)

Up to 30% of the plant transcriptome is circadian clock-regulated in different species; however, we still lack a good understanding of the mechanisms involved in these genome-wide oscillations in gene expression. Here, we show that PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 7 (PRR7), a central component of the Arabidopsis clock, is directly involved in the repression of master regulators of plant growth, light signaling and stress responses. The expression levels of most PRR7 target genes peak around dawn, in an antiphasic manner to PRR7 protein levels, and were repressed by PRR7. These findings indicate that PRR7 is important for cyclic gene expression by repressing the transcription of morning-expressed genes. In particular we found an enrichment of the genes involved in abiotic stress responses, and in accordance we observed that PRR7 is involved in the oxidative stress response and the regulation of stomata conductance.
[Determination of the minimal length DNA homologous region required for plasmid integration into the Bacillus subtilis chromosome via homologous recombination]. (1992)

With a view to determine a minimal sequence length of homology necessary for RecE-dependent homologous recombination in Bacillus subtilis cells, we developed a system, based on interaction between plasmid replicon and bacterial chromosome. Recombination frequencies were measured between ts plasmid pE194 derivatives carrying chromosomal beta-glucuronidase gene (bglS) fragments of various length, and a bacterial chromosome. The homologous recombination events resulted in bglS gene disruption. Approx. 70 bp of homology were found to be necessary for detectable homologous recombination. Homologous recombination was not detected when homology was equal 25 bp. These data indicate that homology requirement for recombination in B. subtilis differs from that in Escherichia coli.
Multiple additive regression trees with application in epidemiology (2003)

Predicting future outcomes based on knowledge obtained from past observational data is a common application in a wide variety of areas of scientific research. In the present paper, prediction will be focused on various grades of cervical preneoplasia and neoplasia. Statistical tools used for prediction should of course possess predictive accuracy, and preferably meet secondary requirements such as speed, ease of use, and interpretability of the resulting predictive model. A new automated procedure based on an extension (called 'boosting') of regression and classification tree (CART) models is described. The resulting tool is a fast 'off-the-shelf' procedure for classification and regression that is competitive in accuracy with more customized approaches, while being fairly automatic to use (little tuning), and highly robust especially when applied to less than clean data. Additional tools are presented for interpreting and visualizing the results of such multiple additive regression tree (MART) models.
Transcriptional Analysis of the Mouse β-Casein Gene (1990)

These studies were designed to further elucidate the relative contributions of transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms involved in beta-casein gene regulation in the mammary epithelial cell line designated COMMA-D and a clonal subline desginated HC-11. Primary transcripts were mapped under various hormonal and substratum conditions using the technique of nuclear run-on transcription and single stranded sense and antisense probes spanning the beta-casein gene. In the presence of insulin alone very little sense transcription is detectable, but antisense transcription is observed, which originates at least 150 basepairs upstream of the normal start site of transcription and is present regardless of hormonal, cell substratum, cell type, or gene activity. Antisense transcription is also detectable in the 3' end of the gene. Insulin, glucocorticoids, and PRL are all necessary for a maximal increase in transcription. A 2- to 4-fold increase in transcriptional activity is observed in the presence of insulin and PRL compared to insulin alone, and this is accompanied by a 125-fold increase in the level of beta-casein mRNA. All three hormones act synergistically to induce a 10-fold increase in transcriptional activity, but the transcriptional increase across the gene is not equimolar. The 5' half of the gene is transcribed at a level that is 2- to 10-fold lower than that of the 3' half of the gene. These studies reveal a significant transcriptional component to beta-casein gene regulation which was not heretofore detected using double stranded cDNA probes representative of only the 3' half of the gene.
Antibodies Against Platelet-Activating Factor in Patients with Antiphospholipid Antibodies (1994)

We have studied the specificity of antiphospholipid antibodies in 148 patients with autoimmune diseases, 120 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 28 with the primary antiphospholipid syndrome. In addition, 20 patients suffering from syphilis were studied. As a control group, 64 healthy volunteers were investigated. Patient and control serum samples were tested for binding to seven different phospholipid antigens by ELISA. Interestingly, 90% of the sera from syphilis patients and 6% of the autoimmune patients exhibited a significant binding to platelet-activating factor (PAF), a molecule similar to the structure of phosphatidylcholine. In addition, the IgG fraction from one of the lupus patients, which showed a high binding activity to PAF, was further affinity-purified using both liposomes and an affinity chromatography column. Preincubation of these antibodies with PAF inhibited subsequent binding to immobilized PAF. These observations might suggest a putative interaction of antiphospholipid autoantibodies with PAF 'in vivo', which may have, in some patients, important pathophysiological consequences.
Tissue Distribution of Surfactant Proteins A and D in the Mouse (2002)

Surfactant proteins A and D, collagen-like lectins (collectins), were first isolated from the lung. In the lung, SP-A and SP-D have roles in surfactant homeostasis and innate immunity. In this study we show that SP-A and SP-D mRNA can be detected in a significant number of non-pulmonary tissues but the proteins have a more limited distribution. SP-D protein was detected in lung, uterus, ovary, and lacrimal gland, whereas SP-A protein was detected only in the lung. The results suggest that SP-D participates in mucosal immunity throughout the body.
Effects of probiotics on child growth: a systematic review (2015)

The limited evidence suggests that probiotics have the potential to improve child growth in developing countries and in under-nourished children. More research is needed to explore this further.
Arrestin Orchestrates Crosstalk Between G Protein-Coupled Receptors to Modulate the Spatiotemporal Activation of ERK MAPK (2009)

This is the first evidence showing that arrestin3 acts as a coordinator to integrate signals from multiple GPCRs. Our studies not only provide a novel mechanism explaining the integration of mitogenic signaling elicited by different GPCRs, but also underscore the critical role of signaling crosstalk among GPCRs in vivo.
Efficacy of a transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus with an altered ORF-3 gene. (2001)

Serial passage of virulent transmissible gastroenteritis virus through cell culture reduced its virulence in 3-day-old piglets. Intramuscular inoculation of pregnant gilts with 2 doses of this modified-live virus elicited a level of lactogenic immunity that protected their nursing piglets against a lethal dose of challenge virus. Sequence analysis of a 637-bp fragment of the spike gene containing most of the aminopeptidase receptor and the 4 major antigenic sites from the original and the serially passed viruses were nearly identical. Gel analysis revealed that the fragment from the ORF-3 gene of virulent virus was smaller than the corresponding fragment from the serially passed virus. Sequence analysis of the fragment from the passed virus revealed that the sequence between nt 5310 and nt 5434 was replaced by a 636-bp fragment from the polymerase 1A gene. This replacement resulted in the loss of the CTAAACTT leader RNA-binding site and ATG start codon for the ORF-3A gene but it did not affect the ORF-3B gene.
A low-power 10 Gb/s AGC optical postamplifier in SiGe (2004)

A 10 Gb/s automatic gain control amplifier for use in optical receivers was implemented in a SiGe process with f/sub T/=45 GHz. Active peaking techniques were used to achieve a maximum gain of 48 dB with 7.8 GHz of bandwidth. The amplifier demonstrates less than 0.5 dB of peak-to-peak output amplitude variation over a 50 dB input amplitude range. It consumes 30 mW of power from a 3.3 V supply and remains functional at voltages as low as 2.7 V. The amplifier core occupies 0.1 mm/sup 2/ and requires no external components.
Therapeutic options in peripheral T cell lymphoma (2016)

Peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a rare and heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas with a very poor prognosis. The standard first-line treatments have resulted in unsatisfactory patient outcomes. With the exception of low-risk anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), the majority of patients relapse rapidly; the current 5-year overall survival rates are only 10-30%. Novel targeted therapies and combination chemotherapies are required for the treatment of patients with PTCL. In recent years, some retrospective and prospective studies have been performed concerning PTCL. Consequently, a number of novel agents and their relevant combination therapies have been identified, including histone deacetylase inhibitors, immunoconjugates, antifolates, monoclonal antibodies, immunomodulatory agents, nucleoside analogs, proteasome inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, bendamustine, L-asparaginase, and other targeted agents. It is hoped that these innovative approaches will finally improve outcomes in patients with PTCL. This review summarizes the currently available approaches for the treatment of PTCL with an emphasis on potential new agents, including the role of stem cell transplantation.
GosperMap: Using a Gosper Curve for Laying Out Hierarchical Data (2013)

The emergence of very large hierarchies that result from the increase in available data raises many problems of visualization and navigation. On data sets of such scale, classical graph drawing methods do not take advantage of certain human cognitive skills such as shape recognition. These cognitive skills could make it easier to remember the global structure of the data. In this paper, we propose a method that is based on the use of nested irregular shapes. We name it GosperMap as we rely on the use of a Gosper Curve to generate these shapes. By employing human perception mechanisms that were developed by handling, for example, cartographic maps, this technique facilitates the visualization and navigation of a hierarchy. An algorithm has been designed to preserve region containment according to the hierarchy and to set the leaves' sizes proportionally to a property, in such a way that the size of nonleaf regions corresponds to the sum of their children's sizes. Moreover, the input ordering of the hierarchy's nodes is preserved, i.e., the areas that represent two consecutive children of a node in the hierarchy are adjacent to one another. This property is especially useful because it guarantees some stability in our algorithm. We illustrate our technique by providing visualization examples of the repartition of tax money in the US over time. Furthermore, we validate the use of the GosperMap in a professional documentation context and show the stability and ease of memorization for this type of map.
The opportunities in global equities for Australian investors (2016)

There's a popular myth that individual investors, especially trustees of their own self-managed super funds (SMSFs), do not invest much in global equities. While it's true SMSFs are less diversified than large institutional funds, global equities are readily available and eagerly sought by trustees and personal investors.
Theory of Magnetostatic Modes in Long, Axially Magnetized Cylinders (1961)

The characteristic equation determining the eigenfrequencies of the magnetostatic modes is derived from the equations of motion and the boundary conditions. The solutions may be classified as pertaining to surface and to volume modes. Surface-mode solutions exist only for sufficiently small wave numbers, and their eigenfrequencies are larger than those of volume modes. The eigenfrequencies generally decrease with increasing wave number. Approximate, analytic expressions for the dependence of the eigenfrequencies on wave number have been obtained for the regions in which the wavelength is either much smaller or much larger than the cylinder radius. The approximate expressions are compared with numerical results obtained by means of an electronic computer.
Cytolytic CD4<sup>+</sup>T cells in viral immunity (2010)

It is generally believed that the role of CD4(+) T cells is to coordinate the different arms of the adaptive immune system to shape an effective response against a pathogen and regulate nonessential or deleterious activities. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that effector CD4(+) T cells can directly display potent antiviral activity themselves. The presence of cytolytic CD4(+) T cells has been demonstrated in the immune response to numerous viral infections in both humans and in animal models and it is likely that they play a critical role in the control of viral replication in vivo. This article describes the current research on virus-specific cytolytic CD4(+) T cells, with a focus on HIV-1 infection and the implications that this immune response has for vaccine design.
Lending an ear: Why leaders must learn to listen actively (2007)

Abstract The ability to listen effectively is an essential component of leadership. But many leaders, often unknowingly, fall short in this area. By learning the skills and behaviors of active listening—the willingness and ability to hear and understand—leaders can become more effective.
Underground Structures and Gravity Gradiometry (2002)

Abstract : This report evaluates the use of gravity gradiometry as a tool to characterize underground facilities. The gradient of the Earth's gravitational field can be used to make inferences about the Earth's mass density field. Mass deficits, such as those produced when an underground region is excavated, produce a characteristic change in the Earth's gravitational field. In principle, gradiometric measurements can make inferences about mass deficits that are covered by hundreds of meters of rock. In practice, the technique is much more limited. The report studies the potential for characterizing underground facilities from gravity data using matched filters and a variety of inversion techniques. All of the techniques indicate that the fundamental spatial resolution is directly related to the distance from the point of interest to the gradient sensor. Thus, resolution of feature sizes of man-made facilities requires quite close access by the gradient sensors. Detection applications are also limited by the unknown size of spatial gravity 'clutter' due to the inhomogeneous Earth. Useful applications may be possible where high-sensitivity instruments can be used in proximity to the area of interest. Measurements from high-altitude aircraft or space may be strongly synergistic with short-distance measurements.
ATTEMPTS TO UTILIZE BACTERIOPHAGE TO COMBAT <i>SALMONELLA ENTERICA</i> SEROVAR ENTEMTIDIS INFECTION IN CHICKENS (2001)

ABSTRACT Bacteriophage capable of lysing a nalidixic acid‐resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis strain (Se E Nal r ) were tested for the ability to reduce cecal Salmonella counts in young chickens infected with the bacterium. Qualitative analysis of cloacal swabs suggested that phage treatment can possibly reduce shedding of Se E Nal r , but average Se E Nal r counts of between 10 5 and 10 7 cfu of Se E Nal r per g of cecum were obtained even from phage‐treated 14‐day old birds and even when more than 10 7 plaque forming units of phage were present per gram of cecal content. The average cecal Se E Nal r counts were generally between 0.3 and 1.3 orders of magnitude lower in phage‐treated chickens than in untreated controls birds. The difference in counts was statistically not significant in three animal trials, but significant in two trials using feed particles as delivery vehicles for the phage. Although some of the Se E Nal r in the cecae of phage‐treated chickens had developed resistance to some of the phage used, factors other than phage resistance must have contributed to the failure of the phage to substantially reduce Se E Nal r counts.