gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Augmented Lagrangian alternating direction method for matrix separation based on low-rank factorization (2012)

The matrix separation problem aims to separate a low-rank matrix and a sparse matrix from their sum. This problem has recently attracted considerable research attention due to its wide range of potential applications. Nuclear-norm minimization models have been proposed for matrix separation and proved to yield exact separations under suitable conditions. These models, however, typically require the calculation of a full or partial singular value decomposition at every iteration that can become increasingly costly as matrix dimensions and rank grow. To improve scalability, in this paper, we propose and investigate an alternative approach based on solving a non-convex, low-rank factorization model by an augmented Lagrangian alternating direction method. Numerical studies indicate that the effectiveness of the proposed model is limited to problems where the sparse matrix does not dominate the low-rank one in magnitude, though this limitation can be alleviated by certain data pre-processing techniques. On the other hand, extensive numerical results show that, within its applicability range, the proposed method in general has a much faster solution speed than nuclear-norm minimization algorithms and often provides better recoverability.
Damped arm restraint for tremor patients (1982)

Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1982.
Research on anti-sliding control of railway brake system based on adhesion-creep theory (2010)

The railway braking system is a complex pneumatic plant whose performance and reliability are related to safety, because of the uncertainly of adhesion coefficient between rail and wheelset. The wheelset may slide while revolving, especially at high speed. Therefore anti-sliding control system is necessary and useful to protect wheel. The problem is how to find the suitable parameter of anti-sliding control. Authors have developed simulation models of anti-sliding control of railway barke system including adhesion-creep submodels and anti-sliding pneumatic character submodels that can be parametrically calibrated in order to reproduce different control strategy. In the work, an anti-sliding control system is designed. Its hardware and software are described respectively. Especially the program flow is analyzed in detail. As for the anti-sliding device, some on-line tests have proved that it is reasonable and suitable for the railway barking system. The simulation and experiment results show that it is useful to speed up the development and integration of anti-sliding control unit based on adhesion-creep theory simulation method.
Using NanoDot dosimetry to study the RS 2000 X-ray Biological Irradiator (2013)

NanoDots are ideal dosimeters to use for in vivo dosimetry for cell/small animal irradiation experiments. The dose decrease inside the animal tissue is about 20% per cm.
Enhancement of Electrical Conductivity of Copper/Carbon-Nanotube Composite Wire (2009)

Carbon nanotube (CNT) has excellent lightweight properties, mechanical properties and electric conductivity, and therefore CNT is expected as the next generation conductive wires for the electric devices or as wire harnesses for the motor vehicles etc. However, the CNT is very small materials, for instance usually the diameter is about 0.7 to 100 nm and the length a few hundreds of micrometers, so that the application to the conductive wires needs combining with some another matrix material like copper or aluminum. Furthermore, because of the one-dimensional conductivity of CNT, high orientation of the CNT along with the wire axis is necessary in order to achieve the excellent electric property of the CNT composite. In this work, we tried to fabricate copper-CNT composite wires using the widely-used techniques, the mechanical alloying and the powder-in-tube method, with the industrialization in mind, and investigated their electricity and mechanical properties. For the wire fabrications, commercially available single-walled CNT (SWCNT) and multi-walled CNT (MWCNT) were used. As a result, it was found that addition of CNT enhances the hardness of the copper-CNT composite whether SWCNT or MWCNT, but the results of resistivity measurements apparently showed that the addition of the MWCNT increases the resistivity of the composite. Use of the SWCNT, on the other hand, sustained the conductivity to the level of the copper. This is a good indication as the first test to realize high electric conductive wires.
Power-line communications using DWMT modulation (2003)

In this paper, a power-line communication system using a type of discrete wavelet multitone (DWMT) modulation is discussed. An adaptive channel equalizer designed for the system is proposed. The equalizer is designed to minimize the error in the symbols received through an FIR channel with colored additive noise and narrow-band interference. The performance of the proposed system is investigated through computer simulation. A significant improvement over the OFDM approach is observed.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLAR-FLARE COSMIC RAYS DURING IGY (1962)

The effect of solar flares of class 2+ and greater on the intensity of the low-energy nucleonic component of cosmic rays at different locations on the earth has been studied by the Chree method of superposed epochs. Data analyzed were from Chicago, climax, Mexico City, Lincoln, Sacramento Peak, and Wellington for the period July 1957 to December 1958. The sun was divided into regions and possibie differences between the effect of eastern, central, and western groups of flares have been studied. It seems that no coherent result is evident when comparing several stations during the same year; furthermore, no self-consistent results between 1957 and 1958 for individual stations were found. (auth)
Prevalence of Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux During Infancy (1997)

Complaints of regurgitation are common during the first year of life, peaking at 4 months of age. Many infants "outgrow" overt GER by 7 months and most by 1 year. Parents view this symptom as a problem more often than medical intervention is given.
Aptamer-Based Analysis: A Promising Alternative for Food Safety Control (2013)

Ensuring food safety is nowadays a top priority of authorities and professional players in the food supply chain. One of the key challenges to determine the safety of food and guarantee a high level of consumer protection is the availability of fast, sensitive and reliable analytical methods to identify specific hazards associated to food before they become a health problem. The limitations of existing methods have encouraged the development of new technologies, among them biosensors. Success in biosensor design depends largely on the development of novel receptors with enhanced affinity to the target, while being stable and economical. Aptamers fulfill these characteristics, and thus have surfaced as promising alternatives to natural receptors. This Review describes analytical strategies developed so far using aptamers for the control of pathogens, allergens, adulterants, toxins and other forbidden contaminants to ensure food safety. The main progresses to date are presented, highlighting potential prospects for the future.
Metaphor in discourse (2008)

1. Introduction: studying metaphor in discourse 2. Metaphor in literature 3. Metaphor in politics 4. Metaphor in science and education 5. Metaphor in other genres and discourses: two further case studies 6. Corpora and metaphor 7. Conclusions.
CLIP Tool Kit (CTK): a flexible and robust pipeline to analyze CLIP sequencing data (2016)

cz2294@columbia.edu.
The growth of AA graphite on (111) diamond (2008)

Stacked AA graphite has been synthesized using a high-density dc plasma in hydrogen-methane mixtures. Graphene layers have been grown epitaxially with 2-1 registration between the AA graphitic edges and the (111) surface of diamond. In addition, a new graphite crystal structure containing AA(') graphene layers, where alternate planes are translated by half the hexagon width, is formed by 1-1 registry. The resulting interplanar distances of the AA graphite at the interface range from 2.20 A for the 1-1 registration to 4.40 A for the 2-1 registration and have been measured directly by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The appearance of the characteristic d-spacings, 3.55, 2.15, 1.80, 1.75 (not fully resolved), and 1.25 A in the selective area diffraction patterns from the TEM, are consistent with reflections from the (001), (100), (102), (002), and (110) planes of the AA graphite. Simulation of the diffraction patterns, employing the structural factors of graphene, confirms the existence of AA graphite.
Jackson's Theorem for locally compact abelian groups (1974)

If f is a p –th integrable function on the circle group and ω( p ; f ; δ) is its mean modulus of continuity with exponent p then an extended version of the classical theorem of Jackson states the for each positive integer n , there exists a trigonometric polynomial t n of degree at most n for which ‖f-t n ‖ p ≤(p; f; 1/n). In this paper it will be shewn that for G a Hausdorff locally compact abelian group, the algebra L 1 (G) admits a certain bounded positive approximate unit which, in turn, will be used to prove an analogue of the above result for L p (G).
Fission of t-Butyl Alkyl Ketones in the Schmidt Reaction (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFission of t-Butyl Alkyl Ketones in the Schmidt ReactionHarry D. Zook and Stanley C. PaviakCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 9, 2501–2503Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01614a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01614a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACID LEVELS AND PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS FED REDFISH MEAL OR REDFISH OIL (1988)

Arbor Acre broiler chickens were fed six different diets to determine if the omega-3 fatty acid content of broiler chicken carcasses could be enhanced by feeding additional redfish meal (RFM) or redfish oil (RFO). The six diets were: control (no fish meal or fish oil); 7.5% RFM, 15.0% RFM, 30.0% RFM, 2.1% RFO and 4.2% RFO. Mortality at 28 d and 42 d was lower (P < 0.05) for birds fed RFO compared to those fed RFM. Feeding additional RFM or RFO had no (P > 0.05) effect on mortality, but resulted in lower body weights (P < 0.01) and feed consumption (P < 0.05) and poorer (P < 0.05) feed conversion. Additions of RFM or RFO to the diets resulted in a substantial dietary enrichment of omega-3 fatty acids (especially eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA or 20:5n-3; and docosahexaenoic acid, DHA or 22:6n-3). Analyses (wt/wt %) revealed that breast meat was lower (P < 0.001) in lipid and triglyceride but higher in cholesterol esters (P < 0.005), free cholesterol (P < 0.001) and phospholipid (P < 0.001) than thigh meat. Lipid, free cholesterol and phospholipid of edible meat lipid increased with duration of feeding (14 d, 28 d, 42 d) but triglyceride content decreased. Dietary treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on carcass lipid content or composition. Breast meat lipid contained more (P < 0.001) of the omega-3 fatty acids (especially EPA and DHA), more n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA or 22:5n-3) and more total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) than thigh meat lipids. EPA, DPA, DHA and total n-3 PUFA in edible meat lipids increased (P < 0.05) with duration of feeding. Feeding additional RFM and RFO resulted in an increased accumulation of the EPA (P < 0.001), DPA (P < 0.01), DHA (P < 0.01) and total n-3 PUFA (P < 0.001), primarily at the expense of the omega-6 fatty acids linoleic (18:2n-6) and arachidonic (20:4n-6). It can be calculated from the data presented that on average a normal meal (100 g) of chicken which has been fed 7.5% fish meal, would contribute 140 mg of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DPA + DHA). The same size meal of cod flesh would contribute about 135 mg of these fatty acids. Key words: Broiler chickens, breast, thigh, redfish meal, eicosapentaenoic acid, omega-3 fatty acids
Sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy—an important cause of cerebral haemorrhage in older people (2006)

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is an important cause of primary intracerebral haemorrhage (PICH) in older people, accounting for approximately 10% of all types of PICH. The amount of amyloid deposition in the vessels and vasculopathic changes determine the propensity to PICH. The risk factors of CAA include advanced age and the presence of certain alleles of apolipoprotein E. There are no specific clinical features of CAA-related PICH, although lobar, recurrent or multiple simultaneous haemorrhages in older patients should raise suspicion of its diagnosis. A definitive diagnosis of CAA requires pathological examination of the affected tissue. However, with modern imaging techniques, it is possible to make a diagnosis of 'probable CAA' in patients presenting with PICH. Gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging is a sensitive, non-invasive technique for identifying small haemorrhages in life. Currently, there is no specific treatment available for CAA. Recent advances in the immunopathology and pathogenesis of CAA are expected to help in developing specific anti-amyloid therapy.
Multi-lead ECG classification based on Independent Component Analysis and Support Vector Machine (2010)

An novel multi-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) classification method is proposed in this paper. At the feature extracting stage, an improved Independent Component Analysis (ICA) method is introduced. In our method, a heartbeat is intercepted into 3 segments (P wave, QRS interval, ST segment). ICA is used to extract the features of each segment separately. These three feature vectors construct the feature of single lead firstly. Then, twelve single lead feature vectors are combined to generate a multi-lead feature vector one by one. At last, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used for multi-classification and 2-classification experiments. All available data in MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database and the number of 2500 practical data gathered from about 500 persons is used in experiments simultaneously. For MIT-BIH data, multi-classification result is discussed. The final average accuracy of the testing data is 98.18% and the average sensitivity is 98.68%. For practical data, 2-classification experiment result is discussed. The accuracy of testing data is 90.47% and the sensitivity is 90.01%.
Characeae of New Zealand (1977)

Abstract In this floristic study of the Characeae of New Zealand, 15 species are treated in accordance with Wood's revised classification; a key, brief descriptions, figures, distribution maps, and lists of specimens cited are given. Four genera are represented: Chara , Lamprothamnium , Nitella , and Tolypella . Two species are added to the flora: N. cristata and N. flexilis (with some doubt). The results tn general support the senior author's earlier revision, but newly recovered type material (MEL, BM) necessitates certain nomenclatural changes. There are two new varieties — C. braunii var. divergens R.D.W. var. nov. and N. hookeri var. masonae R.D.W. var. nov., and three new combmations — N. pseudoflabellata var. conformis (Nordst.) R.D.W. stat. et comb. nov., N. hookeri var. tricellularis (Nordst.) R.D.W. comb. nov., and N. cristata var. microcephala (Nordst.) R.D.W. comb. nov. The greatest remaining difficulties concern Nitella pseudoflabellata and the species pair complex of N. hookeri and N. cristata . As the Kerguelen type of N. hookeri is still not available, judgments arc based on the New Zealand lectotype, Colenso (not Taylor) 417 (BM). The New Zealand population is interpreted as a variable population of intergrading forms among which are two common extremes, a lax form (var. hookeri ) and a capitate form (var. tricellularis ), and also a newly recognised form with spicate heads (var. masonae ). Previously published varieties are assigned to other species or to vars hookeri or tricellularis . N. hookeri appears to be the monoecious morphological equivalent or the dioecious N. cristata , a common Australian species sparse in New Zealand. The commonest species in decreasing order of frequency are Nitella hookeri . N. pseudoflabellata , N. hyalina , Chara corallina , and C. fibrosa . Species rare in New Zealand but common throughout most of the world are C. braunii , Tolypella nidifica , and C. vulgaris . No species are endemic. although one, N. hookeri , is abundant throughout but known elsewhere only as rare in Australia and Kerguelen Island. All New Zealand species are held in common with Australia and comparisons of the mode of occurrence of the species common to both countries suggest that all New Zealand charophytes may have been derived from Australia.
ICE FIELD TRANSISTOR (1987)

A new method is proposed for the determination of the charge carrier mobility in ice based on the measurement of the surface conductivity of ice under the action of an electrostatic field applied normally to the surface. A theoretical consideration and experimental details of the method are described.
The ecosystem of expertise: complementary knowledges for sustainable development (2007)

This article critically examines the approach of technical experts, including engineers, natural scientists, architects, planners, and other practitioners, who are attempting to create more sustainable forms of economic development, environmental protection, and social equity. The authors identify four principal characteristics of expertise–ontological assumptions, epistemological approaches, power inequalities, and practical issues–and employ this framework to test the capability of traditional experts to deliver sustainable development. The authors then provide four alternatives to conventional forms of expertise: the outreach expert who communicates effectively to non-experts, the interdisciplinary expert who understands the overlaps of neighboring technical disciplines, the meta-expert who brokers the multiple claims of relevance between different forms of expertise, and the civic expert who engages in democratic discourse with non-experts and experts alike. All of these alternative forms are needed to manage the often-competing demands of sustainable development projects and they can be described collectively as an “ecosystem of expertise.”
Continuity between childhood dyslexia and adult reading (1984)

If reading disabilities were the result of developmental lags, disabled readers should catch up to their peers in proficiency at maturity. As a test of this hypothesis, current literacy skills were assessed for adults who did, and did not, have childhood reading disabilities. Contrary to the developmental lag hypothesis, most of the former group remained poor readers in adulthood, in many cases reading more than two standard deviations below levels predicted by IQ. Both within and between groups, very similar relationships were observed between reading level and: word recognition; phonic analysis; prose comprehension; reading speed; spelling ability and error types; and tolerance for visual and semantic text transformations. Other purported characteristics of dyslexia differentiated disabled from normal adult readers with only limited success. The results have implications for theoretical, methodological, and practical issues in the study of dyslexia in childhood as well as adulthood.
Role of probiotics in Helicobacter pylori infections (2004)

Helicobacter pylori is the main causal agent of several gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g. chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer). Treatments based on a combination of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors are currently used to eradicate the gastric infection. Despite the high eradication rate reached by standard therapies (_/80%), because of the high incidence of H. pylori-related diseases worldwide new options to improve the eradication rate are needed. Probiotics are defined as live, non-pathogenic microbial feed or food supplements that exert a positive influence on the host by altering the host’s microbial balance. Probiotics seem to exert a direct antimicrobial effect, as shown by in vitro studies, through competition with H. pylori, inhibition of adherence and production of metabolites and antimicrobial molecules. Implementation of probiotics with standard anti-H. pylori regimens can also improve patients’ compliance with therapy, reducing t he incidence of side-effects associated with antibiotic treatment. This article summarizes the relevant currently available data on the potential benefits of the use of probiotics in the management of H. pylori infection. Keywords: gastritis; Helicobacter pylori; lactobacilli; probiotics
Dynamic server allocation in a real-life deployable communications architecture for networked games (2008)

Several propositions have been made in the last few years on what the optimal type of network architecture should be for networked games. Solutions range from pure peer-to-peer architectures to the classic client/server architecture with server allocation based on a fixed spatial subdivision scheme. In this paper, we elaborate on the design of ALVICNG, an extensible client/server architecture which allows for dynamic allocation of server capacity, combined with extensive means for player activity management and moderation. The framework has been designed in such a way that practical network issues such as NAT traversal are minimized. This is achieved by introducing an extra layer in the architecture, consisting of several proxy servers that channel the messages sent over the network. Besides a theoretical discussion, we will also go into the design of the simulation setup. By using this type of setup, we are able to provide actual figures that demonstrate the viability of the proposed solution.