gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Machine learning in materials informatics: recent applications and prospects (2017)

Abstract Propelled partly by the Materials Genome Initiative, and partly by the algorithmic developments and the resounding successes of data-driven efforts in other domains, informatics strategies are beginning to take shape within materials science. These approaches lead to surrogate machine learning models that enable rapid predictions based purely on past data rather than by direct experimentation or by computations/simulations in which fundamental equations are explicitly solved. Data-centric informatics methods are becoming useful to determine material properties that are hard to measure or compute using traditional methods—due to the cost, time or effort involved—but for which reliable data either already exists or can be generated for at least a subset of the critical cases. Predictions are typically interpolative, involving fingerprinting a material numerically first, and then following a mapping (established via a learning algorithm) between the fingerprint and the property of interest. Fingerprints, also referred to as “descriptors”, may be of many types and scales, as dictated by the application domain and needs. Predictions may also be extrapolative—extending into new materials spaces—provided prediction uncertainties are properly taken into account. This article attempts to provide an overview of some of the recent successful data-driven “materials informatics” strategies undertaken in the last decade, with particular emphasis on the fingerprint or descriptor choices. The review also identifies some challenges the community is facing and those that should be overcome in the near future.
Calculating the Volume of Water Droplets on Topographically-Modified, Micro-Grooved Aluminum Surfaces (2008)

Water droplets on micro-patterned surfaces consisting of parallel grooves tens of microns in width and depth is considered, and a method for calculating the droplet volume on these surfaces is presented. This model which utilizes the elongated and parallel-sided nature of water droplets condensed on micro-grooved surfaces requires inputs from two water droplet images at I = 0θ and I = 90θ— namely, the droplet major axis, minor axis, height, and two contact angles. In this method, a circular cross-sectional area is extruded the length of the droplet where the chord of the extruded circle is fixed by the width of the droplet. The maximum apparent contact angle is assumed to occur along the side of the droplet because of the surface energy barrier to wetting caused by the grooves—a behavior that was observed experimentally. When applied to water droplets condensed onto a micro-grooved aluminum surface, this method was shown to calculate the actual droplet volume to within 10% for 88% of the droplets analyzed. This method is useful for estimating the volume of retained water droplets on micro-textured surfaces where the surface micro-channels are aligned parallel to gravity and both heat and mass transfer occur.
Myeloid cells (2012)

Metastasis is a key step in cancer progression, and was traditionally attributed to the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes within individual cancer cells. These changes promoted invasiveness, immune evasion and survival at distant sites. However, recent studies reveal that metastasis is not achieved by the cancer cell in isolation, but requires intervention from the immune system. The myeloid cell population in particular is now implicated in many aspects of metastasis. Here, we bring together the evidence for the importance of various myeloid cell sub-populations throughout the metastatic process, from initiation of cancer cell invasiveness, to priming the tissue site for colonization.
VISUAL IMAGERY DIFFERENCES IN THE RECALL OF PICTURES (1973)

Male and female subjects who differed in their verbal reports of visual image vividness were tested for recall in three experiments involving coloured photographs as stimuli. In all three experiments subjects who reported vivid visual imagery were more accurate in recall than subjects who reported poor visual imagery. In the first two experiments, females recalled more accurately than males. On the assumption that vividness reports and recall were both mediated by the same covert event ‐ a visual image ‐ these results provide further evidence that images have an important role in memory.
A Scalable Algorithm for Discovering Topologies in Social Networks (2014)

Discovering topologies in a social network targets various business applications such as finding key influencers in a network, recommending music movies in virtual communities, finding active groups in network and promoting a new product. Since social networks are large in size, discovering topologies from such networks is challenging. In this paper, we present a scalable topology discovery approach using Giraph platform and perform (i) graph structural analysis and (ii) graph mining. For graph structural analysis, we consider various centrality measures. First, we find top-K centrality vertices for a specific topology (e.g. Star, ring and mesh). Next, we find other vertices which are in the neighborhood of top centrality vertices and then create the cluster based on structural density. We compare our clustering approach with DBSCAN algorithm on the basis of modularity parameter. The results show that clusters generated through structural density parameter are better in quality than generated through neighborhood density parameter.
Database replication in a high up-time environment (2002)

Database and transaction processing (TP) systems are two components of a high up-time environment that are critical to the continued commercial success of many large organizations. This paper addresses the technology and issues of database availability and replication in the context of a, high up-time environment. The high up-time environment may be labeled "7/24 availability" to indicate a need for systems that are available twenty four hours a day, seven days a week, and all year round. This paper discusses the demand for 7/24 systems that can survive earthquakes and other natural and/or man made disasters, through the use of hardware and software replication of databases in locations that are geographically distant from each other. The paper focuses in detail on the hardware, database and network software technology that is required to keep remote replication systems in a state of constant readiness. The paper then discusses the management issues of hardware system redundancy and the seven scenarios that must be played out when managing disaster situations. This paper draws from Bull's customer experience and requirements in the use of Remote Duplicate Database Facility 8 (RDDF 8) to maintain TP systems in a state of constant readiness. This technology is particularly appropriate for Aerospace logistics applications that have to maintain a global awareness of parts availability and readiness. This paper will help management evaluation of current situations and future directions in developing high availability systems.
Visión paradigmática de la empresa mexicana en la conceptualización de la responsabilidad social corporativa. (2012)

Uno de los temas empresariales que va cobrando mayor relevancia dia a dia y a nivel global es la responsabilidad social, dado el impacto que tienen las corporaciones en la economia, el desarrollo humano y la preservacion del medio ambiente.  El objetivo de este trabajo empirico es generar un sentido de entendimiento del significado de la responsabilidad social para la empresa mexicana. Con tal finalidad, se llevo a cabo una investigacion predominantemente cualitativa, que comprendio observacion directa y entrevistas en profundidad con empresarios y directivos de organizaciones comprometidas con la responsabilidad social, para conocer sus vivencias en su relacion con el entorno y obtener asi un sustento empirico para comprender tal significado. La investigacion confirmo la falta de un concepto claro sobre la responsabilidad social empresarial y explica el significado de la misma en el contexto mexicano a partir de siete temas: conceptualizacion, sustento, vivencia, impacto, implementacion, certificaciones y rumbo. Los resultados conducen a la reflexion de que la responsabilidad social corporativa no es solo un tema de empresa, sino que exige la participacion de la sociedad civil y el Estado, asi como una plataforma etica y un liderazgo comprometido para su construccion y realizacion.
Dynamics of current regulator with hysteresis control and clocked commutation in application to power electronic systems (2004)

The results of dynamics analysis of a current regulator with hysteresis control and clocked commutation are given in application to electric drive systems. Some new bifurcation phenomena were studied.
Omega-3 fatty acid deficiencies in neurodevelopment, aggression and autonomic dysregulation: Opportunities for intervention (2006)

Mechanisms by which aggressive and depressive disorders may be exacerbated by nutritional deficiencies in omega-3 fatty acids are considered. Early developmental deficiencies in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) may lower serotonin levels at critical periods of neurodevelopment and may result in a cascade of suboptimal development of neurotransmitter systems limiting regulation of the limbic system by the frontal cortex. Residual developmental deficits may be manifest as dysregulation of sympathetic responses to stress including decreased heart rate variability and hypertension, which in turn have been linked to behavioral dysregulation. Little direct data are available to disentangle residual neurodevelopmental effects from reversible adult pathologies. Ensuring optimal intakes of omega-3 fatty acids during early development and adulthood shows considerable promise in preventing aggression and hostility.
A broadband urban hybrid coaxial/fiber telecommunications network (1990)

Demands that must be met if cable system network architectures in urban centers are to adequately meet the transmission requirements of the next decade and provide an infrastructure for new revenue-producing transmission services are addressed. An upgrade, using fiber-optic technology, to an initial architecture based on current coaxial technology, utilizing high-performance feedforward configured trunk-line amplifiers, multiple AM microwave links to distribution nodes (hubs), backup supertrunks, and other conventional approaches, is described. The architecture adopted is explained, focusing on hub deployment. The requisite very-high-capacity, high-reliability feeder design is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Speech Perception Using Real-Time Phoneme Detection: The BeBe System (2018)

We define a new approach to speech recognition based on auditory perception and modeled after the human brainÕs tendency to automatically categorize speech sounds [House 1962; Liberman 1957]. As background, todayÕs speech recognition systems are knowledge-driven since they require the existence of word and syntax-level knowledge to identify a word from the sound. In contrast, our system uses no higher-level knowledge. Its architecture consists of competing parallel detectors which in real time identify phonemes in the waveform. Each detector, which is a simple algorithm, continuously samples the sound and reports the degree to which the samples contain its designated phoneme. The phoneme detector with the highest precedence and the greatest certainty above a minimal threshold prevails and its phoneme is added to an output queue. In preliminary experiments, four such detectors were tested and they properly identified 83-100% of their designated phonemes in both discrete and continuous speech, independent of the speaker, suggesting that an overall system which incorporates our approach would be much more robust and flexible than traditional systems.
DNA circuits compatible encoder and demultiplexer based on a single biomolecular platform with DNA strands as outputs (2022)

A series of multiple logic circuits based on a single biomolecular platform is constructed to perform nonarithmetic and arithmetic functions, including 4-to-2 encoder, 1-to-2 demultiplexer, 1-to-4 demultiplexer, and multi-input OR gate. The encoder to a DNA circuit is the equivalent of a sensory receptor to a reflex arc. They all function to encode information from outside the pathway (DNA circuit or reflex arc) into a form that subsequent pathways can recognize and utilize. Current molecular encoders are based on optical or electrical signals as outputs, while DNA circuits are based on DNA strands as transmission signals. The output of existing encoders cannot be recognized by subsequent DNA circuits. It is the first time the DNA-based encoder with DNA strands as outputs can be truly applied to the DNA circuit, enabling the application of DNA circuits in non-binary biological environments. Another novel feature of the designed system is that the developed nanodevices all have a simple structure, low leakage and low crosstalk, which allows them to implement higher-level encoders and demultiplexers easily. Our work is based on the idea of complex functionality in a simple form, which will also provide a new route for developing advanced molecular logic circuits.
Prevention of Atheromatous Heart Disease (1985)

Five thousand patients of atheromatous heart disease, presented as angina pectoris, were studied over a period of five years. After adding the 'Husk of Isabgol' and 'aloe vera' (an indigenous plant known as ghee-guar-ka-paththa) to the diet, a marked reduction in total serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, fasting and post prandial blood sugar level in diabetic patients, total lipids and also increase in HDL were noted. Simultaneously the clinical profile of these patients showed reduction in the frequency of anginal attacks and gradually, the drugs, like verapamil, nifedipine, beta-blockers and nitrates, were tapered. The patients, most benefitted, were diabetics (without adding any antidiabetic drug). The exact mechanism of the action of the above two substances is not known, but it appears, that probably they act by their high fibre contents. Both these substances need further evaluation. The most interesting aspect of the study was that no untoward side effect was noted and all the five thousand patients are surviving till date.
Influence of Antibiotics on Fertility of Bull Semen Diluted with Milk (1955)

Penicillin and streptomycin were compared singly and in certain combination at levels of 250, 500 and 1000 units and micrograms, respectively, per ml. of semen diluted with heated, homogenized milk. Sulfanilamide at the rate of 0.3 percent was included with penicillin and streptomycin in one trial. Eight trials involving 67,290 first and second services were conducted. Penicillin failed to increase total 120-day nonreturns and reduced nonreturns (P less than 0.03) for semen used the third day after collection as compared with untreated semen. Penicillin decreased the 29- to 120-day nonreturn decline 1.1 percent. Streptomycin included at the rate of 1000 mcg. per ml. of diluted semen was equal or superior to other levels of streptomycin or combinations with penicillin. Nonreturn decline from 29 to 120 days was generally reduced when semen contained antibiotics. This was most noticeable for lower fertility bulls. Results of this and other studies show that antibiotic-treated semen reduces differences between bulls in routine artificial service with respect to nonreturns and nonreturn declines with the latter differences being practically eliminated.
Molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (2007)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Hepatocarcinogenesis is a multistep process evolving from normal through chronic hepatitis/cirrhosis and dysplastic nodules to HCC. With advances in molecular methods, there is a growing understanding of the molecular mechanisms in hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatocarcinogenesis is strongly linked to increases in allelic losses, chromosomal changes, gene mutations, epigenetic alterations and alterations in molecular cellular pathways. Some of these alterations are accompanied by a stepwise increase in the different pathological disease stages in hepatocarcinogenesis. Overall, a detailed understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of HCC is of fundamental importance to the development of effective prevention and treatment regimes for HCC.
Sensitivity analysis of the maximum likelihood direction-finding algorithm (1990)

A first-order analysis is performed of the sensitivity of the maximum likelihood (ML) direction-finding algorithm to system errors which cause differences between the array manifold used by the algorithm and the true array manifold. The effect of such errors on the directions-of-arrival (DOA) estimates is investigated. The ability of the ML algorithm to resolve two closely spaced sources in the presence of phase and gain errors in the array elements or in the receivers, or errors in the element locations, is analyzed. A formula for computing the failure threshold of the algorithm as a function of source separation and other system parameters is derived and tested by simulation. The analysis assumes that the exact covariance matrix of array element outputs is known.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Outlook of New Graduates in Library and Information Management (2008)

Results of a survey carried out to investigate the positive and negative aspects of choosing library and information management as a career are discussed. Recognition that new graduates are capable of advancing to high-positions, specialized or otherwise will perhaps ease the anxiety of a workforce shortage by 2015, due to retirement of ageing staff.
An Improved and Efficient Micro-payment Scheme (2009)

The rapid growth of data communications networks in recent years has led to enormous development in electronic commerce. Internet banking and trading are two important applications that execute financial transaction from anywhere in the world. This enables banks and merchants to simplify their financial transaction process as well as to provide customer friendly service 24-hours a day. On one hand the cost of manpower and infrastructure comes down drastically and on the other hand the cost of transportation, third party royalty and securing customer information is increased. Electronic micro-payment is one of the most important research topics in electronic commerce, particularly, low-cost online payment scenarios and offline payments in rural areas. In this paper, we discuss some of the important micro-payment schemes, observe their merits and limitations, and then propose an improved micro-payment scheme. We discuss two basic micro-payment schemes, which use the public/private key concept and then we review another scheme that uses the concept of hash chain. We observe certain limitations in these and related schemes, which motivate us to extend one of the attractive schemes, namely, the Hwang and Sung' scheme We compare the improved scheme with others and show that the improved scheme provides better security and efficiency, which enables the scheme viable for real-world applications, in particular, in resource-constrained environments such as mobile payment through handheld devices or customer's chip card for debit/credit transaction through point of sale terminal.
A new PMU-based fault location algorithm for series compensated lines (2002)

This paper presents a new fault location algorithm based on phasor measurement units (PMUs) for series compensated lines. Traditionally, the voltage drop of a series device is computed by the device model in the fault locator of series compensated lines, but when using this approach errors are induced by the inaccuracy of the series device model or the uncertainty operation mode of the series device. The proposed algorithm does not utilize the series device model and knowledge of the operation mode of the series device to compute the voltage drop during the fault period. Instead, the proposed algorithm uses two-step algorithm, prelocation step and correction step, to calculate the voltage drop and fault location. The proposed technique can be easily applied to any series FACTS compensated line. EMTP generated data using a 30-km 34-kV transmission line has been used to test the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The tested cases include various fault types, fault locations, fault resistances, fault inception angles, etc. The study also considers the effect of various operation modes of the compensated device during the fault period. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can achieve up to 99.95% accuracy for most tested cases.
The fate of carbon dioxide in water-rich fluids under extreme conditions (2016)

Investigating the fate of dissolved carbon dioxide under extreme conditions is critical to understanding the deep carbon cycle in Earth, a process that ultimately influences global climate change. We used first-principles molecular dynamics simulations to study carbonates and carbon dioxide dissolved in water at pressures (<i>P</i>) and temperatures (<i>T</i>) approximating the conditions of Earth's upper mantle. Contrary to popular geochemical models assuming that molecular CO<sub>2</sub>(aq) is the major carbon species present in water under deep Earth conditions, we found that at 11 GPa and 1000 K, carbon exists almost entirely in the forms of solvated carbonate ([Formula: see text]) and bicarbonate ([Formula: see text]) ions and that even carbonic acid [H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>(aq)] is more abundant than CO<sub>2</sub>(aq). Furthermore, our simulations revealed that ion pairing between Na<sup>+</sup> and [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] is greatly affected by <i>P</i>-<i>T</i> conditions, decreasing with increasing pressure at 800 to 1000 K. Our results suggest that in Earth's upper mantle, water-rich geofluids transport a majority of carbon in the form of rapidly interconverting [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ions, not solvated CO<sub>2</sub>(aq) molecules.
Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: chasing “the fall” (2008)

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a frequently encountered problem affecting nearly 30% of the population aged more than 60 years. It can result from neurological and non-neurological derangements which compromise the perfusion of the brain in an erect posture. Neurogenic OH is a manifestation of autonomic failure. It is an important cause of recurrent falls in the elderly, syncopal events and also has been shown to be associated with increased long term mortality from vascular and non-vascular causes. This review will discuss the pathophysiology, aetiology, clinical features and management of neurogenic OH and its differentiation from OH caused by non-neurological causes at each step. A clinician should primarily look for any reversible causes in a patient with neurogenic OH and should not forget that treatment is aimed at restoring the functioning capability of the patient rather than normotension. Co-existent supine hypertension in some patients should be taken into account while treating them.
Radially symmetrical coded apertures (1978)

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