gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Breast-feeding Reduces Incidence of Hospital Admissions for Infection in Infants (1980)

The prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding among infants 0 to 3 months of age in a community was contrasted with the prevalence of breast-feeding among infants hospitalized for the presence of presumed or established infections. During a one-year period, 136 infants, 0 to 3 months of age, were admitted to the hospital. Among the hospitalized group, only 11.0% were being exclusively breast-fed as contrasted with an expected frequency of 25.2% based on community feeding patterns. No bacterial infections were documented among the breast-fed group while 27 bacterial infections were documented among 121 non-breast-fed infants. This survey indicates that exclusively breast-feeding during the first three months of life significantly reduces the incidence of infections that ultimately require hospitalization of infants.
Births: Preliminary Data for 2015. (2016)

Objectives-This report presents preliminary 2015 data on U.S. births. Births are shown by age and race and Hispanic origin of mother. Data on marital status, cesarean delivery, preterm births, and low birthweight are also presented.
Bone and kidney adenylate cyclase-stimulating activity produced by a hypercalcemic canine adenocarcinoma line (CAC-8) maintained in nude mice. (1987)

The tumor line CAC-8, is a serially transplantable adenocarcinoma maintained in nude mice which originated from a hypercalcemic dog. Nude mice with CAC-8 developed a syndrome of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. CAC-8 contained a protein factor which stimulated adenylate cyclase of bone and kidney cells in vitro. The adenylate cyclase (AC) of rat osteosarcoma cell lines, ROS 17/2.8 (ROS) and UMR-106, was stimulated by the tumor extract and potentiated by forskolin (0.1 microM). The ROS cells responded to the lowest concentration of CAC-8 extract, but UMR cells responded with a greater increase in AC activity compared to controls following exposure to CAC-8 extract. Pretreatment of ROS 17/2.8 cells with dexamethasone enhanced the response to CAC-8 extract. The opossum kidney cell line (OK) was less sensitive to the AC-stimulating activity of CAC-8 extract, but AC stimulation was increased in the presence of forskolin. Bovine (1-34) parathyroid hormone (BPTH) (10 nM) stimulated AC equally in ROS, UMR, and OK cells. Isoproterenol (1.0 microM) stimulated AC activity in ROS and UMR cells but not in OK cells. The AC-stimulating activity of CAC-8 appeared to bind to the parathyroid hormone receptor of ROS, UMR, and OK cells since addition of the parathyroid hormone receptor antagonist, [8,18norleucine, 34tyrosine]BPTH (3-34) amide, inhibited CAC-8-mediated cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate production and alone did not stimulate AC activity. The AC-stimulating activity of CAC-8 was acid and heat stable. Trypsin digestion reduced BPTH and CAC-8 stimulation of AC to near basal levels and treatment of CAC-8 extract with dithiothreitol reduced AC stimulation in UMR cells by approximately 50%. Extracts of the hypercalcemic tumor line (CAC-8) contained bone and kidney AC-stimulating activity which was enhanced by forskolin and dexamethasone, inhibited by [8,18Nle, 34Tyr]BPTH (3-34) amide, heat stable, trypsin sensitive, inactivated by reduction, and had a relative molecular weight of 34,000 by gel exclusion chromatography. Isolation and characterization of the factor(s) produced by CAC-8 that stimulate AC activity will be useful in further understanding the pathogenesis of humoral hypercalemia of malignancy in animal and human patients.
Forensic psychiatry in the USA and the UK: a clinician's view (1996)

Abstract The UK and the USA share a fundamental belief in the rule of law, but they have different beliefs about the relationship between government and the individual. The laws which govern forensic and general psychiatric practice reflect those differences. The two countries differ also in forensic psychiatry training and practice and in the organisation of forensic mental health services. Strengths in the UK include the extensive training of forensic psychiatrists and the integrated forensic health and social care systems. The two countries face common ethical problems, and common problems of service delivery to forensic patients. Copyright © 1996 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The Interaction Algorithm and Practical Fourier Analysis: An Addendum (1960)

SUMMARY In the original paper it was misleadingly stated that the Yates algorithm is effectively self-inverse. This statement is here elucidated, and a numerical example is given. Attention is drawn to a discrete analogue of Poisson’s summation formula, which provides many additional relationships between yields and interactions.
EMG-based hands-free wheelchair control with EOG attention shift detection (2007)

This paper presents a novel hands-free control system for an electric-powered wheelchair, which is based on EMG (Electromyography) signals recorded from eyebrow muscle activity. By using a simple CyberLink [1] device, one-dimensional continuous EMG signals are obtained, analysed, and then translated into multi-directional control commands (forward, left, right, etc.) for the wheelchair that supports multi-directional control. At the same time, EOG (Electrooculography) signals detected from eye movements are used to adjust wheelchair speed. The system also allows a user to choose either control state or non-control state so that any non-intended muscle activity can be ignored during the non-control state. The system is reliable, easy to set up, and easy to use.
Absorption of Silver Ions by Wool (1969)

The absorption of silver ion by wool was measured as a function of pH, time, and silver concentration. A small fraction of the silver was found to react irreversibly with cystine and a possible reaction mechanism was deduced by comparing the uptake of untreated and modified wool samples. The major interaction is the reversible formation of silver complexes in competition with hydrogen ions. A Donnan membrane formulation and graphical analysis of this interaction permitted the calculation of dissociation contents and the number of exchanging sites. The sites of complex formation were identified as free carboxyl functions.
On linear predictors for MIMO channels and related blind identification and equalization (1998)

The existence of finite-length one-step linear predictors plays a key role in several existing algorithms for blind identification and equalization of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. An upper bound on the length of the predictor is known for the case when the underlying MIMO transfer function is irreducible and column-reduced. When the MIMO transfer function is irreducible but not necessarily column-reduced, it is known that a finite-length linear predictor exists; however, its length has not been specified in the literature. An upper bound on the length of a linear predictor for MIMO systems with irreducible transfer functions is derived.
Amphetamine as an Artifact of Methamphetamine during Periodate Degradation of Interfering Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, and Phenylpropanolamine: An Improved Procedure for Accurate Quantitation of Amphetamines in Urine (1994)

During periodate degradation of interfering ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine in the extraction of methamphetamine from urine, it was observed that a small amount of methamphetamine was demethylated to amphetamine. although all three interfering phenylpropanolamines could be degraded by periodate at pH 5.2 and above, this periodate-mediated transformation of methamphetamine to amphetamine was observed only at pH 9.1 and above. Therefore, to avoid this transformation, a pH of 6.2 was used for the oxidative degradation of phenylpropanolamines. The excess periodate was then reduced with thiosulfate or ascorbic acid prior to the extraction of methamphetamine using a basic pH.
The Management Methods of Multi-Purpose Ecological Reservoir by System Thinking - Focused on Anteo Eco Park - (2015)

Ecological reservoir is a multifunctional space where provides the functions of retention, animal habitat and improvement of ecosystem health and landscape. The ecological reservoir of Anteo Eco Park located in Gwangmyeong-si has established to functions for water purification, maintenance of healthy aquatic ecosystem. Because the Anteo Eco Park is located in the site where nonpoint pollutant materials flow in, Anteo Eco Park has potential factors which aquatic ecosystem health deteriorates and damages the habitat of golden frog(Rana plancyi chosenica) which is restoration target species. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to suggest the plan to manage the variables which impede the right functions of aquatic ecosystem by understanding the causal loop diagram for the change of water quality environment and the interaction of predator-prey through system thinking. The results are as follows. First, the study showed that the individual number of golden frog which is an indicator species of Anteo Eco Park is threatened by snakeheaded fish, which is an upper predator. Therefore, balanced food chain should be hold to protect golden frog by capturing the snakeheaded fish which is individual number's density is high, and the monitoring management of the individual number for predator(snakeheaded fish)-prey(golden frog) should be performed. Second, the study represented that water pollution and carnification is caused by the sediment as the dead body of the large emergent vegetation in the winter cumulates as sediment. Ecological reservoir in Anteo Eco Park has been managed by eliminating the dead body of the large emergent vegetation, but the guideline for the proper density maintenance of vegetation community is additionally needed. Lastly, the study showed that aquatic ecosystem of Anteo Eco Park where is contaminated from the inflow of nonpoint pollutants affects the individual number's decline of golden frog and snakeheaded fish. Accordingly, the creation of a buffer area and a substitution wetland is needed in the periphery of the Anteo Eco Park to control the inflow of nonpoint pollutants including organic matters, nutrients and heavy metals. This study will be helpful that Anteo Eco Park improves the regional landscape and maintain healthy aquatic ecosystem space for the park visitors including local residents.
Pulmonary Artery Banding is Still a Valuable Option (2013)

GENERAL COMMENTARY article Front. Pediatr., 02 August 2013Sec. Pediatric Cardiology https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2013.00017
An evaluation of the neocognitron (1997)

We describe a sequence of experiments investigating the strengths and limitations of Fukushima's neocognitron as a handwritten digit classifier. Using the results of these experiments as a foundation, we propose and evaluate improvements to Fukushima's original network in an effort to obtain higher recognition performance. The neocognitron performance is shown to be strongly dependent on the choice of selectivity parameters and we present two methods to adjust these variables. Performance of the network under the more effective of the two new selectivity adjustment techniques suggests that the network fails to exploit the features that distinguish different classes of input data. To avoid this shortcoming, the network's final layer cells were replaced by a nonlinear classifier (a multilayer perceptron) to create a hybrid architecture. Tests of Fukushima's original system and the novel systems proposed in this paper suggest that it may be difficult for the neocognitron to achieve the performance of existing digit classifiers due to its reliance upon the supervisor's choice of selectivity parameters and training data.
Simple statistical model of scattering by tree for site-specific channel model for wireless communication applications (2005)

In this paper, a simple statistical model for scattering from a fractal tree is proposed, which can be used for site-specific channel modeling for wireless communication applications. At first, we generate a complicate-structured fractal tree consisting of a trunk and various shapes of branches and leaves. Then, the total field scattered from the tree in the near-zone is calculated by coherent summation of individual scattered fields from many tree constituents such as trunk, branches, and leaves. Using Monte Carlo simulation and single scattering theory the scattered fields from many sample trees are calculated around trees. Based on the calculation, mean and standard deviation of the scattering pattern are estimated and modeled.
Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis (1966)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Sep 1966Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis J.M. Parker J.M. ParkerJ.M. Parker More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)63253-1AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1966 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byAnhalt M, Cawood C and Scott R (2018) Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis: A Comprehensive Review with Report of 4 Additional CasesJournal of Urology, VOL. 105, NO. 1, (10-17), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1971. Volume 96Issue 3September 1966Page: 290-292 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1966 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information J.M. Parker More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Photosensitivity degradation mechanism in CdS:Cu single crystals (1980)

Possible reasons of the photorcurrent decrease under illumination are discussed by comparison of all experimental data obtained in the previous studies of the photosensitivity degradation in CdS:Cu single crystals. By further studies a photosensitivity decrease is found to be due to vanishing of the shallow donors which compensate the r-centres. A degradation mechanism consisting in transformation of the shallow donors into rapid recombination s-centres, due to their association, is suggested. On heating in darkness these s-centres dissociate to recover both, the initial density of the shallow donors and the high photosensitivity. Mögliche Gründe für die Verringerung des Photostromes mit Belichtung werden durch den Vergleich aller experimentellen Daten früherer Untersuchungen der Degradation der Photoempfindlichkeit in CdS:Cu-Finkristallen diskutiert. Bei weiteren Untersuchungen wird ein Abfall der Photoempfindlichkeit gefunden, der auf das Verschwinden der flachen Donatoren, die die r-Zentren kompensieren, zurückzuführen ist. Ein Degradationsmechanismus, der in der Umwandlung der flachen Donatoren in schnelle Rekombinations-s-Zentren infolge ihrer Assoziation besteht, wird vorgeschlagen. Beim Tempern im Dunklen dissoziieren diese s-Zentren und stellen sowohl die ursprüngliche Dichte der flachen Donatoren als auch die hohe Photoempfindlichkeit wieder her.
[The effect of Co-60 irradiation on the monomer fraction of intraocular PMMA lenses]. (1989)

Sterile inflammatory reactions of varying degree are a rare, but not uncommon complication after intraocular lens implantation. At present we still do not know the cause of these processes, but we consider two chemical substances at least as risk factors for them: the lens content of monomeric methyl methacrylate, which is present in any lens made from polymethyl methacrylate (Perspex), and the lens content of ethylene oxide, an extremely toxic agent, which is absorbed by the lens during sterilization with this gas. Gaschromatographic investigations show that under sterilization of intraocular lenses by Co60-radiation the lens content of monomeric methylmethacrylate can be reduced drastically. Also, any contamination of the lens by ethylene oxide is avoided. Therefore at least two important arguments speak in favour of this alternative sterilization technique.
Estimation of pasture biomass and soil-moisture using dual-polarimetric X and L band SAR - accuracy assessment with field data (2010)

This paper presents the results of a study conducted to relate X and L band polarimetric SAR backscatter to pasture soil moisture and biomass as part of an environmental monitoring program. Extensive field data was collected concurrently with satellite SAR data acquisition - including dry/wet above ground biomass, soil moisture, surface roughness profiles and EM-38 electromagnetic sensor data. This data is used for both electromagnetically modeling the surface to work out the theoretical backscatter as well as empirical fitting regression models to the recorded SAR data and validation of existing inversion models.
Advanced Architectures for Efficient mm-Wave CMOS Wireless Transmitters (2013)

With fast growing consumer demand for high speed mobile data capacity, wireless spectrum has become increasingly precious. This drives the evolution of the personal wireless communication, with new standards developed to improve the spectral efficiency. However, the available spectrum below 10GHz is very limited and packing more bits per second into the same bandwidth requires larger energy consumption as well as more stringent radio and MODEM performance. As a result, such an approach is not sustainable for meeting the future demand. A natural path is to move into higher frequency bands which have larger spectrum bandwidth but less commercial usage. Recent years have witnessed vast technology development on V-band (60GHz) Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN) and E-band (80GHz) point-to-point cellular backhauls. Meanwhile, the advancement of low-cost CMOS technologies enables researchers to significantly improve the integration level of high speed mm-wave radios with traditional analog and digital circuitry. However, current mm-wave radio transmitters suffer from short communication distance and low energy efficiency. This is mainly caused by the reduced performance of the CMOS transmitters employing traditional Power Amplifiers (PAs) that suffer from low transistor breakdown voltage, low power gain and poor back-off characteristics. This dissertation investigates the challenges of designing efficient mm-wave transmitters for both long range and short range applications, and proposes concepts and techniques that can potentially break the barriers imposed by the low cost digital CMOS process. The scope of investigation and proposal extends from the architecture level down to the transistor level. Specifically, on-chip and spatial power combining techniques are analyzed and implemented to achieve larger transmitter Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP). To enhance the average efficiency for modulated signals with high Peak-to-Average-Power-Ratio (PAPR), a direct digital-to-RF conversion architecture is proposed and implemented, enabling dynamic DC power scaling. Finally, a Quadrature Spatial Combining concept is introduced to eliminate the tradeoff between low insertion loss and high isolation present in a traditional Cartesian architecture with on-chip signal combiners. Prototype chips are fabricated and tested in 65nm CMOS technology to verify the proposed architectures and techniques.
The Transmission Line Cost Calculation (2011)

The purpose of this thesis was to develop calculation models for the WICE-ME which is used for budgeting installation costs of different size high voltage lines. The examined voltage ranges were 72.5 kV, 145 kV, 245 kV and 400 kV.\n\nWärtsilä provided their installation cost calculation tool, WICE-ME, as a help for this thesis. WICE-ME included the model of the installation of products provided for the customer, as well as the quotation of the materials and the cost of the installation and material.\n\nThe cost calculations were made for both installation and materials which includes all single necessary equipment such as towers, conductors and insulator strings. A chart was also created for cost calculation. This chart constituted estimated total cost of the transmission line in accordance with the power need.\n\nAs a summary of this thesis it was possible to constitute graphs for the every power model of every examined voltage rating. These graphs present the price as a function of power. From the graphs the price of the power for the known distance can be seen. \n\nThe results of this thesis have been added to the WICE-ME and these results will be used in future for the construction cost calculations of the transmission lines in power plants provided by Wärtsilä.
A facility for experimentation in man-machine interaction (1965)

The broad objective of the project of which the work reported below is a part is to explore and develop techniques in man-machine interaction. The situation involving a person interacting with a machine in the performance of a task generally requires that the person be on-line with the machine. The amount of machine time wasted while the person is carrying out his part of a task may require, even in an experimental situation, a timesharing system.
Feasibility of chitosan-alginate (Chi-Alg) hydrogel used as scaffold for neural tissue engineering: a pilot study<i>in vitro</i> (2017)

In tissue engineering, scaffolding plays an important role in accommodating and stimulating new tissue growth. Chitosan and alginate are two widely used natural polymers in tissue engineering. Here, we prepared the chitosan-alginate (Chi-Alg) hydrogel from naturally derived chitosan and alginate polymers. The Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction results demonstrated that a chitosan-alginate hydrogel was constructed due to the strong ionic interaction between the positively charged amino groups of chitosan and the negatively charged carboxyl groups of alginate. The scanning electron microscopy and contact angle results showed the inner porous structure and highly hydrophilic property of chitosan-alginate hydrogel. As the two most promising cell types in nerve tissue engineering, both olfactory ensheathing cells and neural stem cells proliferated well on the chitosan-alginate hydrogel. All results indicated the good potential application of a chitosan-alginate hydrogel for neural tissue engineering.
Morphological gradients (1993)

We survey the framework of morphological edge detection. Morphological gradients are hybrid operators: they are constructed with set and arithmetic operations. After a short introduction to gradients in digital images, we present the gradients available in mathematical morphology: morphological gradients, half gradients, and directional gradients. These gradients are based on dilations and erosions. We present a new directional gradient based on graytone thinning/thickening and a new multiscale gradient called the regularized gradient. Morphological gradients have a considerable advantage with respect to classical edge detection paradigms: they are easier to generalize to any type of space in which dilation can be defined. We describe the gradient operators in image sequences, 3-D images, and graphs. We propose a new operator on graphs, the mosaic gradient.
Backing Away From Equality (2012)

Abstract In his early work in political philosophy, Amartya Sen advanced an interesting and provocative thesis – the egalitarian thesis. This is the claim that every conception of social justice that has received support in recent times is egalitarian. This paper argues that Sen's account of capabilities and his more recent critique of transcendental justice have implications for the truth of the egalitarian thesis. It also discusses how the rejection of the egalitarian thesis bears on the larger, and more general, issue of the overall plausibility of egalitarian conceptions of social justice.