gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Offshore Maritime Terrorism: International Implications and the Legal Response (1996)

O ffihore maritime terrorism is a crime waiting to happen. Even so, that such maritime terrorism has not yet gripped the public's attention, nor stirred polemical debate in legal circles, nor produced pronounced policy reactions by governme~tal officials is hardly surprising. To date, not a single incident involving an illicit seizure or destruction of an offihore drilling platform or rig has been reported. Consequendy, policy contingencies in the event such acts are perpetrated have been kept cloistered and thus remain cloaked in legal ambiguities-a situation not unlike aircraft skyjacking prior to the intense proliferation of incidents during the early 1970s.1 Nevertheless, the international political milieu of the early 1980s differs markedly from that of a decade ago. In this regard, since 1970 politically inspired terrorist vioJence has attracted ever increasing attention as it has grown in frequency and pervasiveness. Terrorism apparendy not only is becoming psychologically accepted as an anticipated-indeed, some would argue practically an inevitable2-facet of the international political process; it also is being actively legitimized as a policy instrument to intimidate governments and to influence public opinion. Concurrent with the disturbing rise in terrorism over the past decade has come an equally sensational albeit wholly unrelated development: the rapid growth in energy demands to meet burgeoning needs created by accelerated industrialization and modernization programs worldwide. Correspondingly, as the search for more exploitable hydrocarbon energy resources has proceeded, so too has the allure and economic feasibility of offihore drilling ventures increased. Regrettably, the proliferation of such offihore operations implicidy carries with it concomitant opportunities for being potential targets of terrorist groups. Appreciating these observations, this article seeks to achieve three principal aims. First, it undertakes a discussion and evaluation of the threat posed by terrorists to offihore maritime structures. Second, an analysis is performed of the
<b>Joseph William Royer: Urbana’s Architect</b> (2012)

Book Review| April 01 2012 Joseph William Royer: Urbana’s Architect Joseph William Royer: Urbana’s Architect. By Brian Adams. (Champaign: The News-Gazette Inc., 2011. Pp. xi, 140, appendix, bibliography, illustrations. Paperback, $24.95.). Nora Pat Small Nora Pat Small Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1998-) (2012) 105 (1): 112–113. https://doi.org/10.5406/jillistathistsoc.105.1.0112 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Nora Pat Small; Joseph William Royer: Urbana’s Architect. Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1998-) 1 April 2012; 105 (1): 112–113. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/jillistathistsoc.105.1.0112 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressJournal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1998-) Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2012 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois2012 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Chemical Composition of Turmeric Oil (<i>Curcuma longa L.</i>cv. Roma) and its Antimicrobial Activity against Eye Infecting Pathogens (2011)

Abstract The essential oil from the rhizomes of Roma cultivar of turmeric (Curcuma longa) from Orissa was examined for its antimicrobial activity against the pathogens causing eye infections. The oil was obtained by hydrodistillation extraction method using Clevenger apparatus. Chemical analysis of the oil was done by using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antimicrobial effects of oil towards Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger were tested by inhibition zone diameter (IZD) test to screen the antimicrobial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test and minimum killing time (MKT) test to determine the minimum concentration of oil and minimum time required to kill the pathogens. Oil showed very good activity against all four microbial strains used at concentration of 10 μL except Pseudomonas aerugenosa. Very low concentration of 1.95 μL/mL oil was needed to inhibit the growth of most highly infecting pathogen Staphylococcus aureus within 15 min of its exposure in comparison to other microbial strains. High turmerone content (49.76%) of elite turmeric cultivar Roma released from Orissa (India) might be assigned to be responsible for such excellent anti microbial activity against the tested pathogens. The purpose of this study is to authenticate the use of turmeric rhizome oil against eye infections so as to giving an approach to formulate turmeric rhizome oil as potential eye drop in place of traditional antibiotics after undertaking its in vivo pharmacological studies.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Special Needs for Fastidious Organisms and Difficult-to-Detect Resistance Mechanisms (2000)

Clinical microbiology laboratories are faced with the challenge of accurately detecting emerging antibiotic resistance among a number of bacterial pathogens. In recent years, vancomycin resistance among enterococci has become prevalent, as has penicillin resistance and multidrug resistance in pneumococci. More recently, strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin have been encountered. In addition, molecular techniques have demonstrated that there are still problems detecting methicillin resistance in staphylococci, especially in coagulase-negative species. Among members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, mutated beta-lactamase enzymes may confer difficult-to-detect resistance to later-generation penicillins and cephalosporins. Anaerobic bacteria are no longer entirely predictable in their susceptibility to agents that might be selected for empiric therapy. Therefore, clinical microbiology laboratories may not be able to rely on a single susceptibility testing method or system to detect all those emerging resistant or fastidious organisms. For reliable detection, laboratories may need to employ conventional, quantitative susceptibility testing methods or use specially developed, single concentration agar screening tests for some resistant species. Certain of these screening tests are highly specific, while others may require additional confirmatory testing for definitive results. Therefore, laboratories must retain the versatility to apply several different approaches to detect resistance in both common and infrequently encountered bacterial pathogens.
A reasoning system about knowledge acquisition in bi-agent interaction (2016)

In artificial intelligence, knowledge acquisition and reasoning are the most basic key elements for intelligent agent to obtain the ability of the simulation thinking which capacitate intelligent agent to carry out a series of actions. At present, Dynamic Epistemic Logic (DEL) has been a primary technique for modelling knowledge acquisition and reasoning. This is mainly due to the dynamic epistemic logic has a stronger expression ability to deal with many problems about agent's cognitive reasoning in computer science. In this paper, we distinguish the major sorts of knowledge that the cognitive agent will hold in their interaction in the beginning, and then establish a Knowledge Acquisition System (KAS) which is added a new operator of `knowledge acquisition' to extend the basic epistemic language for bi-agent interaction. Other than that, we prove the soundness and completeness of this system, and analyze some properties about it. By this system, it is clear to explain how the agent acquires knowledge that will be transformed into common knowledge by observing the other agent's speech act. The acquired knowledge is further transformed into new private knowledge that provides the strategy options in agent's mind in interaction.
Computational techniques for high-speed flows with viscous and chemical effects (1993)

Algorithms for solving the Euler and the Navier-Stokes equations in conjunction with chemical kinetic equations are presented. The convective flux is estimated from a quasi one dimensional interpolation procedure. Shock, contact, and expansion waves and thermochemical nonequilibrium phenomena are captured by the Lax-Friedrichs technique. Relaxation techniques were developed to enhance their effectiveness in dealing with spatial and temporal stiffness associated with the physical problems. Both explicit and implicit smoothers were implemented into the standard multigrid time stepping method. Unsteady and steady scalar problems are discussed. A perfect gas and equilibrium air shock tube problem is investigated. Numerical schemes and techniques are compared for the problems of shock and boundary layer interaction and three dimensional viscous, nonequilibrium flow encompassing an aerobrake. The results are comparable in accuracy against other high order non-oscillatory techniques. The multigrid methods are assessed using a Mach 8 flow over a complete planar body, a sphere, and a blunt delta wing at 20 deg incidence. Applying an implicit multigrid method on a nested grid of 128 by 64 nodes the reduction factor is 0.25. The central processing unit reduction factor is 2.2 after both the single and multigrid Runge-Kutta solutions converged to machine zero on a grid of 37 by 41 by 73 nodes.
Analysis of TLD-900 glow-curves: Results on single peak properties (1983)

Abstract In this paper we present fading experimental measurements on CaSO4:Dy (TLD-900) ribbons and computer calculated evaluations of single glow peak characteristics and their time dependence.The same method is also used to identify the time elapsed since an anomalous irradiation superposed to the normal one
Effective image and video mining (2005)

This paper is dedicated to revisiting image and video mining techniques from the viewpoint of image modeling approaches, which constitute the theoretical basis for these techniques. The most important areas belonging to image or video mining are: image knowledge extraction, content-based image retrieval, video retrieval, video sequence analysis, change detection, model learning, as well as object recognition. Traditionally, these areas have been developed independently, and hence have not benefited from some common sense approaches which provide potentially optimal and time-efficient solutions. Two different types of input data for knowledge extraction from an image collection or video sequences are considered: original image or symbolic (model) description of the image. Several basic models are described briefly and compared with each other in order to find effective solutions for the image and video mining problems. They include feature-based models and object-related structural models for the representation of spatial and temporal entities (objects, scenes or events).
A Novel Architecture and Routing Algorithm for Dynamic Reconfigurable Network-on-Chip (2011)

Hybrid networks, which combine the flexibility of packet-switched network and the low-latency of circuit-switched network, provide decent performance. However, users are obligated to maintain the configuration of temporary circuit-switched connection. In this paper, we propose Dynamic Bypass Circuit, a novel architecture which reconfigures a mesh network according to the traffic trends of applications at run-time. Additionally, in order to create more obvious trends for Dynamic Bypass Circuit, we propose north-last-weave routing algorithm. It guides packets toward different directions according to the positions of their source nodes. Simulation results show that dynamic reconfigurable NoC which adopts Dynamic Bypass Circuit outperforms traditional packet-switched network. The latency improvement is 18.08% under Transpose traffic and on average 13.05% under three different traffic patterns.
[Spontaneous variability of ventricular arrhythmias in follow-up of anti-arrhythmia therapy]. (1990)

The question of the reliability of ambulatory Holter monitoring for assessment of antiarrhythmic treatment has not been adequately resolved. Even though treatment efficacy had been individually assessed with Holter monitoring in the CAST study, during long-term treatment with class IC antiarrhythmic drugs, there were more deaths among patients receiving active drug than in those in the placebo group. Basic biostatistical considerations: Due to the spontaneous variability of frequency and complexity of ventricular arrhythmias, parametric models were developed with the aid of which normal ranges for spontaneous variability of singular ventricular premature complexes (VPC), couplets and salvos can be calculated. We designed a model which enables rapid visual analysis of the results: spontaneous variability = log (EE Day 2 + 0.01/EE Day 1 + 0.01) where EE is the number of ectopic events. For both days, the mean values per hour are applied. The use of parametric models prerequisites normal distribution of the data which can be achieved with logarithmic transformation. A constant is added to all mean values to preclude the mathematically-inadmissible form of log 0. The magnitude of the constant results in some degree of underestimation of the spontaneous variability. We chose the smallest constant, c = 0.01, consistent with a normal distribution of data. Figure 1 shows the normal range of the variability quotients for VPC in patients with cardiac disease and complex ventricular arrhythmias. The contiguous regions above and below the normal range designate active areas indicative of reduction or aggravation. Determinants of spontaneous variability: Frequency of arrhythmias: The number of VPC per unit of time exerts considerable influence on the spontaneous variability. The more infrequent an arrhythmia, the greater is the fluctuation to be anticipated. The differences in the variability of VPC, couplets and salvos are almost exclusively due to their differing frequencies since, in the presence of comparable frequency, they cannot be distinguished statistically from each other (Figure 2). Type and extent of underlying cardiac disease: In our patient population, there were no differences in spontaneous variability of arrhythmias between patients with coronary artery disease and those with dilated cardiomyopathy (Figure 3). Although in patients with coronary artery disease, as compared to those with noncoronary disease, a higher degree of spontaneous variability has been reported for VPC but, due to the inhomogeneity of the latter group, valid comparison is encumbered. The ejection fraction, the left ventricular filling pressure and the end-diastolic volume do not exert meaningful influence on the spontaneous variability (Figures 4 to 6).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Expert compactor: a knowledge-based application in VLSI layout compaction (1991)

A new application of artificial intelligence techniques in automatic compaction design for a VLSI mask layout is presented. To overcome the shortcomings of iterative search through a large problem space within a working memory, and therefore, to speed up the runtime of compaction, a set of rule-based region query operations and knowledge-based techniques for the plane sweep method are presented in this system. Experimental results have explored the possibility of using expert system technology to automate the compaction process by reasoning about the layout design, applying the sophisticated expert rules to its knowledge base.
Health service frills package (1990)

Tighter budgets and the new spirit of commercialism in the NHS has resulted in managers seeking new ways of raising cash. Derek Hand reports
Interpretation of surface-induced optical anisotropy of clean, hydrogenated, and oxidized vicinal silicon surfaces investigated by reflectance-difference spectroscopy (1996)

Using reflectance-difference spectroscopy, we determine surface-induced optical anisotropy (SIOA) spectra of clean, hydrogenated, and oxidized (113) and vicinal (001) Si surfaces to obtain a better understanding of the origin of the optical response of surfaces and interfaces. Hydrogenation was performed either by etching in dilute HF or by exposing clean surfaces to atomic hydrogen. Hydrogenated and oxidized vicinal surfaces show energy-derivativelike spectra that roughly scale with offcut angle, indicating step-induced behavior, and exhibiting features near 3.4 and 4.2 eV, the threshold energies of the (E1, E0′) and E2 interband critical points of bulk Si, respectively. The appearance of derivativelike line shapes indicates that bulk threshold energies become dichroic near the surface due to the surface-induced modification of the potential, as supported by model calculations. However, direct integration yields dielectric functions somewhat different from bulk values, indicating that the surface affects the near-surface dielectric function. SIOA spectra for clean surfaces are qualitatively different, exhibiting dielectric-functionlike line shapes that appear to originate primarily from terraces, although indications of smaller derivativelike contributions are also found.
A dynamic fixed-point representation for neuromorphic computing systems (2017)

Practical deep neural networks have a number of weight parameters, and the dynamic fixed-point formats have been used to represent them efficiently. The dynamic fixed-point representations share an scaling factor among a group of numbers, and the weights in a layer have been formed into such a group. In this paper, we first explore a design space for dynamic fixed-point neuromorphic computing systems and show that it is indispensable to have a small group size in neuromorphic architectures, because it is appropriate to group the weights associated with a neuron into a group. We then presents a dynamic fixed-point representation designed for neuromorphic computing systems. Our experimental results show that the predictive performance of recent deep neural networks such as AlexNet can be improved significantly with the proposed representation over the traditional fixed point format.
Inhibition of glycosidases by aldonolactones of corresponding configuration. 2. Inhibitors of β-<i>N</i>-acetylglucosaminidase (1958)

Conchie & Levvy (1957) found that, in general, the enzymic hydrolysis of a simple glycoside was in- hibited by the aldonolactone corresponding in configuration to the sugar residue of the substrate. This suggested that the structural requirements necessary for a specific inhibitor of fl-N-acetyl-
Control Algorithms for Tractor-Implement Guidance (1985)

ABSTRACT CONTROL algorithms were developed for guiding tractor-implement combinations such that the implement followed a desired path. The algorithms, which were based on constant-turn geometric relationships, were evaluated through the use of computer simulation techniques. Machine combinations considered were a front-steered tractor with a towed implement, a rear-steered machine with a front-mounted implement, and an articulated tractor with a towed implement. Results of the simulation indicated that machines may be successfully guided using mathematical relationships associated with the constant-turn geometry concept.
Aqueous-liquids characterization based on encoded ultrasonic signals (2009)

This paper presents a system modelling for aqueous-liquids characterization by ultrasounds. The main goal of the proposed model is the use of different kind of signals, based on encoding along a large bandwidth in order to obtain information about the liquid mixtures to be characterized. The validation of the model has been carried out by comparing it with experimental results. Besides, the experimental setup used has been also validated by comparing the propagation velocity of several samples with some references in literature. Therefore, the proposed model constitutes a suitable alternative to characterize aqueous-liquids by ultrasounds.
Remoción de los inhibidores de la fermentación etanólica usando membranas de polidimetilsiloxano (PDMS) por pervaporación (2012)

Resumen La produccion de etanol a partir de materiales lignocelulosicos incluye procesos de pretratamiento, hidrolisis y fermentacion. Durante la etapa de pretratamiento e hidrolisis se producen compuestos no deseables para la fermentacion. La toxicidad de estos compuestos, llamados inhibidores, sobre los microorganismos es uno de los principales factores limitantes en el rendimiento de etanol durante la fermentacion. Aunque han sido propuestos en la literatura diferentes metodos biologicos, fisicos y quimicos para eliminar estos compuestos inhibidores, el uso de tecnologias de membrana ha recibido poco interes como metodo de remocion, y especificamente, hasta la fecha no se conocen estudios en donde se use la pervaporacion como metodo de detoxificacion. En este estudio se preparo y evaluo el desempeno de una membrana de polidimetilsiloxano (PDMS) para la remocion de inhibidores presentes frecuentemente en el pretratamiento e hidrolisis acida de material lignocelulosico proveniente del bagazo y las hojas de cana de azucar. La membrana preparada permite la remocion de acido acetico, acido formico y furfural. No se encontro permeacion alguna del acido levulinico, xilosa, glucosa y hidroximetilfurfural (HMF). Los resultados indican que es posible realizar la detoxificacion de hidrolizados del bagazo y las hojas de la cana de azucar mediante pervaporacion. Palabras clave:pervaporacion, hidrolisis de bagazo, inhibidores, intensificacion de procesos, tecnologia de membranas. Removal of ethanolic fermentation inhibitors using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes by pervaporation Abstract Pretreatment and fermentation are previous processes for ethanol production from lignocellulosic material. During pretreatment, several undesirable compounds are formed. These compounds, known as inhibitors, reduce yeast activity and they are one of the main limiting factors of ethanol yield in the fermentation process. Although, several biological, physical, and chemical processes have been proposed in the literature to remove inhibitor compounds, little attention has received membrane technology as a removal alternative. To date, there are not known studies where pervaporation has been used as a removal technology for inhibitors. In this work, a membrane of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was prepared and experimentally evaluated for removal of inhibitors usually produced from pretreatment and acid hydrolysis of bagasse and leaves of sugar cane. The prepared membrane is able to remove acetic acid, formic acid and furfural. Levulinic acid, xylose, glucose and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) did not permeate through the membrane. These results show that it is possible to detoxicate hydroxylates from bagasse and leaves of sugar cane by pervaporation. Keywords: pervaporation, hydrolysis of bagasse, inhibitors, process intensification, membrane technology.
Experimental investigation of several novel fractal antennas-variants of the Sierpinski Gasket and introducing fractal FSS screens (2003)

Three novel methods of improving the impedance bandwidth at each of the multiple bands of the Sierpinski Gasket are proposed. The first and second method involve compensating and applying the self-complementary principle to the Sierpinski Gasket respectively. Wave scattering from fractal frequency selective surfaces, to create additional frequency bands of considerable bandwidth, is proposed as the third method. The measured results for these antennas show significant bandwidths ranging from 18 to 80% while maintaining the self-affinity and multiband behavior of the antenna.