gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Complement Activation by C-Reactive Protein: Targeting the Complement Inhibitory Activity of Factor H by an Interaction with Short Consensus Repeat Domains 7 and 8–11 (1999)

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a major acute phase protein whose functions are not totally clear. In this study, we examined the interaction of CRP with factor H (FH), a key regulator of the alternative pathway (AP) of complement. Using the surface plasmon resonance technique and a panel of recombinantly expressed FH constructs, we observed that CRP binds to two closely located regions on short consensus repeat (SCR) domains 7 and 8-11 of FH. Also FH-like protein 1 (FHL-1), an alternatively spliced product of the FH gene, bound to CRP with its most C-terminal domain (SCR 7). The binding reactions were calcium-dependent and partially inhibited by heparin. In accordance with the finding that CRP binding sites on FH were distinct from the C3b binding sites, CRP preserved the ability of FH to promote factor I-mediated cleavage of C3b. We propose that the function of CRP is to target functionally active FH and FHL-1 to injured self tissues. Thereby, CRP could restrict excessive complement attack in tissues while allowing a temporarily enhanced AP activity against invading microbes in blood.
Pitfalls of Nonstandardized Photography in Facial Plastic Surgery Patients (2004)

The authors tested the hypothesis that certain maneuvers (neck flexion/extension and head protrusion/retrusion) alter the appearance of the submental area, jawline, and melolabial groove. They used a questionnaire survey of 20 naïve judges who assessed a standardized photograph album of three subjects. The subjects' faces (frontal and lateral views) were photographed in neutral, neck flexion/extension, and head protrusion/retrusion positions. High Kendall coefficients of correlation were observed in 10 of 12 questions evaluating an improvement in jawline definition with neck extension or head protrusion, as well as in 11 of 12 questions assessing decreased submental soft tissue. All questions relating to the melolabial groove had a correlation coefficient of less than 0.70. Small changes in patient positioning during photodocumentation for facial plastic surgical procedures can cause dramatic changes in the appearance of certain parameters. Standardizing patient positioning for preoperative and postoperative photographs is imperative.
Studies in detoxication. 55. The metabolism of alkylbenzenes. (<i>a</i>) Glucuronic acid excretion following the administration of alkylbenzenes. (<i>b</i>) Elimination of toluene in the expired air of rabbits (1954)

Little is known about the metabolism in the animal body of monoalkylbenzenes other than toluene and ethylbenzene (cf. The information available suggests that the n-alkyl side chains undergo w-oxidation followed by $-oxidation of the terminology (Rules of Carbohydrate Nomenclature, J. chem. Soc., 1952, p. 5108), glucosiduronic acids) and the alcohols as non-reducing glucuronides. These possibilities are shown below (where G = CAH9,0)
Rotationally invariant trellis-coded modulations with multidimensional M-PSK (1989)

Using a multidimensional approach, the author discovers a large family of rotationally invariant trellis-coded M-PSK (M-ary shift keying) schemes, M>or=8, with nominal coding gains ranging from 3 to 5 dB and with bandwidth requirements the same as, or even less than, those of uncoded M/2-PSK schemes at the same information bit rate. The rotationally invariant schemes have performance and complexities comparable to the best known nonrotationally-invariant trellis-coded two-dimensional M-PSK schemes. Computer simulation results for these schemes, assuming an additive white-Gaussian-noise (AWGN) channel, are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and characterization of a novel zeolite, CJS-1 (1990)

A novel zeolite, CJS-1, has been synthesized from pip–Al2O3–SiO2–HF–H2O systems (pip = piperazine) and characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, and gas adsorption.
Observations of ultrafast nonlinear refraction in an InGaAsP optical amplifier (1991)

Spectral broadening due to self-phase modulation has been observed for ultrashort pulses propagating through an InGaAsP optical amplifier. This is not associated with gain saturation or absorption saturation, since it can be observed at the transparency current. At transparency, the broadening and structure of the spectra are symmetrical for pulses of approximately 27 ps duration, implying that the underlying nonlinearity has a relatively fast recovery time. The associated nonlinear index coefficient n2 is estimated to be approximately −2×10−11 cm2 W−1.
Simulation of fixed microphone arrays for directional hearing aids (1996)

Microphone arrays with fixed optimum weights are known to suppress the background noise and reverberation that severely reduce the effectiveness of conventional hearing aids. By means of a general technique for digital frequency-domain implementation of optimum broadband arrays that was developed recently [C. Liu and S. Sideman, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 98, 241-247 (1995)], a practically promising system is proposed to realize the arrays with the well-known sensitivity-constrained superdirective beamforming weights, and with five identical omnidirectional, cardioid, hypercardioid, or dipole microphones, respectively, in the endfire or broadside configurations, which were theoretically proposed by Stadler and Rabinowitz [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 94, 1332-1342 (1993)]. The digital broadband frequency-domain beamforming system allows the broadband superdirective beamforming weights to be faithfully and independently applied to each frequency component of the signal. The practical application of this technique is demonstrated through computer simulation of the system in anechoic situations. Furthermore, its performance in simulated reverberant environments is evaluated.
Axicon - the Most Important Optical Element (2005)

Last year, the optics community celebrated the 50th anniversary of the formal naming of the axicon. Long before that, however, axicons generated vivid discussions and disagreements, often of fundamental importance to our understanding of optics.
<title>Application of hot-pressed silicon carbide to large high-precision optical structures</title> (1995)

A new grade of silicon carbide has been developed with properties that make it very attractive for a variety of applications in precision optical structures. Its microstructural homogeneity makes it capable of accepting an optical finish with subnanometer surface roughness. Its strength and fracture toughness, on a bulk scale, exceed all previous silicon carbide materials. This hot-pressed silicon carbide can be produced in single blocks up to 50 cm square and up to 20 cm thick. Two bonding techniques have been developed for fusing large segments of hot pressed silicon carbide together into a large monolith for constructing large optical structures without using a metallic braze. Bonding structure and bonding strength are discussed.
Angle Defect and Descartes' Theorem (2006)

A delightfully simple theorem of Descartes is discussed in this article. It enables to determine easily the number of vertices of almost every polyhedron.
Dyeing of Nylon Fabric with Natural Dye from Cassia Fistula Fruit: A Research on Effect Metal Mordants Concentration (2016)

The present paper deals with the application of natural dyes extracted from cassia fistula fruit or golden shower tree seed pods on nylon fabric. The dyeing properties were evaluated by measuring K/S and CIELAB values. In addition, the different fastness properties were evaluated. The effect of metal mordants at different concentration levels with respect to their colour strength was also studied. Nylon fabrics dyed with golden shower tree seed pods extract without mordant showed a light brownish-yellow shade, while those dyed with ferrous sulfate and stannous chloride brighter brownish-yellow colour. Nylon substate dyed with alum and CuSO 4 gave a duller brownish-yellow colour. The fastness properties ranged from fair to good level.
Marc Bloch: historiador y ciudadano (2004)

We have recently developed a new method for directly measuring the spring constant of single molecules and molecular complexes on a real-time basis [L.A. Chtcheglova, G.T. Shubeita, S.K. Sekatskii, G. Dietler, Biophys. J. 86 (2004) 1177]. The technique combines standard force spectroscopy with a small dithering of tip. Changes in the amplitude of the oscillations are measured as a function of the pulling-off force to yield the spring constant of the complex. In this report, we present the first results of combination of this approach with the force-clamp spectroscopy. The standard atomic-force microscope has been supplemented with an electronic unit, which is capable of realizing an arbitrary force function, and permits the force-loading regime to be interrupted at any time. Using this method, the time needed to rupture a single bond can be measured as a function of the force that is required to maintain the complex in a stretched condition. The energy landscape of the avidin-biotin complex is explored and discussed.
Multi-Site Declustering Strategies for Very High Database Service Availability (1995)

The thesis introduces the concept of multi-site declustering strategies with self repair for databases demanding very high service availability. Existing work on declustering strategies are centered around providing high performance and reliability inside a small geographical area (site). Applications demanding robustness against site failures like fire and power outages, can not use these methods. Such applications will often both replicate information inside one site and then replicate the site on another site and thus resulting in unnecessary high redundancy cost. Multi-site declustering provides robustness against site failures with only two replicas of data without compromising the performance and reliability. Self repair is proposed for reducing the probability of double-failures causing data loss and reducing the need for rapid replacement of failed hardware. A prerequisite for multi-site declustering with self repair is fast, long-distance, communication networks like ATM. The thesis shows how existing declustering strategies like Mirrored, Interleaved, Chained, and HypRa declustering can be used as multi-site declustering strategies. In addition a new strategy called Q-rot declustering is proposed. Compared with the others it gives larger flexibility with respect to repair strategy, number of sites, and usage pattern. To evaluate availability of systems using the methods a general evaluation model has been developed. Multi-site Chained declustering provides the best availability of the methods evaluated. Q-rot declustering has comparable availability but is significantly more flexible. The evaluation model provides insight and can be used to understand the declustering problem better and to develop new and improved multi-site declustering strategies. The model can also be used as a configuration tool by organizations wanting to deploy one of the declustering strategies.
Detecting Item Memorization in the CAT Environment (1999)

The purpose of appropriateness/person-fit indices is to identify response patterns for which a given item response theory model is inappropriate for an examinee even though that model is appropriate for a group. This study was concerned with those cases in which examinees had prior knowledge of items from an item bank used to generate a computerized adaptive test (CAT) and used the memorized information to inflate their test scores. The objective was to evaluate procedures that could identify these individuals by examining the application of person-fit indices in the CAT environment. The lzand ECI4 zindices were selected for comparison. Using information from these indices, a new method was developed. All three indices showed little power to detect the use of memorization. Some possibilities for altering a test when the model becomes inappropriate for an examinee are also discussed.
Disease-modifying and symptomatic treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2017)

In this review, we summarize the most important recent developments in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In terms of disease-modifying treatment options, several drugs such as dexpramipexole, pioglitazone, lithium, and many others have been tested in large multicenter trials, albeit with disappointing results. Therefore, riluzole remains the only directly disease-modifying drug. In addition, we discuss antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) as a new and potentially causal treatment option. Progress in symptomatic treatments has been more important. Nutrition and ventilation are now an important focus of ALS therapy. Several studies have firmly established that noninvasive ventilation improves patients' quality of life and prolongs survival. On the other hand, there is still no consensus regarding best nutritional management, but big multicenter trials addressing this issue are currently ongoing. Evidence regarding secondary symptoms like spasticity, muscle cramps or sialorrhea remains generally scarce, but some new insights will also be discussed. Growing evidence suggests that multidisciplinary care in specialized clinics improves survival.
Advanced light curing practices for electronic and optoelectronic assembly (2004)

Previous research and ongoing materials evaluation continue to demonstrate that the developed properties of light curing adhesives are directly affected by their conditions of cure. The use of ultraviolet light to cure adhesives is a well established method for the assembly of small components. Advanced curing practices have been shown to improve developed material properties, evidenced by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Shore Microhardness testing, as well as actual device performance data. Such curing techniques can include multiple phase light exposure and component preheating. More recently, controlled delivery of light in the infrared spectrum has been shown suitable for initiating heat cured adhesives. Contemporary experience with small electronic components suggests that targeting partial cure of catalytic adhesives can improve process yield, when compared with processing to full cure in a conventional oven. This paper reviews newly developed applications and processes based on a-priori characterization of the adhesive products involved. We further demonstrate cases where the adhesive manufacturer's published curing recommendations may be insufficient to generate best results.
Research on single-event transient mechanism in a novel SOI CMOS technology (2014)

For the first time, compared with common bulk PMOSFETs, single-event transient (SET) mechanism was researched in a novel SOI PMOSFETs using technology computer-aided design mixed-mode numerical (TCAD) simulations. The simulation results showed that, different from the common bulk CMOS technology, diffusion but not bipolar effect is the main mechanism in PMOSFETs fabricated in this novel SOI CMOS technology. The effects of buried oxide (BOX) layer and body tie on SET were also discussed for the PMOSFETs in this technology. The radiation hardened by design (RHBD) layout technique was proposed for further SET mitigation. All of the studies indicated that this novel SOI CMOS technology has the essential advantage for radiation hardened integrated circuit (IC) design.
Impact of Single Parenthood on Adolescent Academic Performance in Secondary School Students, Ogun State (2019)

The study examined the impact of single parenthood on adolescents’ academic performance in secondary schools in Owode Local Government Area of Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria. In this study, relevant and extensive literatures were reviewed under relevant sub-headings. The descriptive research survey was used to assess the respondents’ opinions using the questionnaire. In this study, 130 (one hundred and thirty) respondents were selected through simple random technique and used as samples to represent the population of the study. A total of three (3) null hypotheses were formulated and tested in this study. Also, the independent t-test statistical tool was used to test and analyse the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The three hypotheses were tested and accepted to have significant importance on adolescents’ academic performance.
Antidiabetic effects of a glycoside of leucopelargonidin isolated from Ficus bengalensis Linn. (1993)

Glycoside of leucopelargonidin isolated from the bark of F. bengalensis demonstrated significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and serum insulin raising effects in moderately diabetic rats with close similarities to the effects of a minimal dose of glibenclamide. The main difference observed in their effects was that the former significantly enhanced the fecal excretion of sterols and bile acids while the later has no such action even though both controlled hypercholesteremia.
Using string-kernels for learning semantic parsers (2006)

We present a new approach for mapping natural language sentences to their formal meaning representations using string-kernel-based classifiers. Our system learns these classifiers for every production in the formal language grammar. Meaning representations for novel natural language sentences are obtained by finding the most probable semantic parse using these string classifiers. Our experiments on two real-world data sets show that this approach compares favorably to other existing systems and is particularly robust to noise.
Motion performance and impingement risk of total hip arthroplasty with a simulation module (2013)

The present study introduced a new motion analysis method for total hip arthroplasty (THA). A motion simulation module of THA was designed and developed, which can simulate the THA’s implantation condition and motion and detect the theoretic range of motion (ROM) before the prosthetic component impingement happens. The impingement risk of THA should be investigated through comparing the analysis data of module with the realistic kinematics obtained from hip motion measurement. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate how to use this module, the kinematic data of the hip were recorded by measuring the lower limbs motion of general population in six activities of daily living (ADLs), i.e., kneeling, squatting, ascending stair, descending stair, walking, and jogging. Analysis results showed that the possibilities of impingement and dislocation were larger during the squatting activity. It is reasonable to believe that the motion simulation module of THA in the present study is helpful for clinical medicine engineering, and hip implant design and optimization.
Leading-edge bluntness effects on aerodynamic heating and drag of power law body in low-density hypersonic flow (2005)

A numerical study is reported on power law shaped leading edges situated in a rarefied hypersonic flow. The sensitivity of the heat flux and drag coefficient to shape variations of such leading edges is calculated by using a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method. Calculations show that the stagnation point heating on power law leading edges with finite radius of curvature follows the same relation for classical blunt body in continuum flow; it scales inversely with the square root of the curvature radius at the nose. Furthermore, for those leading edges with zero or infinity radii of curvature, the heat transfer behavior is in surprising agreement with that for classical blunt body far from the nose of the leading edge.
Enhancing the Properties of Portland Cements Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2004)

Supercritical CO2 (sc CO2) is being used to accelerate the natural aging reactions (i.e., carbonation) of Portland cement. This treatment method alters the bulk properties of cement, producing profound changes in both structure and chemical composition. As a result of these changes, the mechanical and transport properties of these cements are also dramatically affected, and they display reduced porosity, permeability and pH, as well as increased density and compressive strength. Two areas of application for the sc CO2 treatment of portland cement have been undergoing investigation. Because the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) formed during the accelerated carbonation reaction is found to have excellent cementing properties, it is possible to replace a large fraction of the relatively expensive Portland cement with industrial waste products, such as fly ash and kiln dusts, which have inherently inferior cementing properties. These modified Portland cements, incorporating significant volume fractions of industrial wastes, can be used as low-cost building materials. The second area of application deals with the enhancement of Portland cements used to encapsulate waste products. Portland cement is used as an immobilization matrix for low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste by both the U.S. federal government (Huang et al., 1994) and civilian nuclear power companies in the United States (Wilk, 1997) and abroad (Wilding, 1992). Transportation issues relating to water content, radiolysis, and radionuclide content often preclude the ultimate disposal of these cemented wasteforms (U.S. DOE, 1996). However, the structural and chemical changes produced by accelerated carbonation have been shown to address these problems satisfactorily (Hartmann et al., 1999).
Automated inspection planning within the Rapid Design System (1991)

A methodology for automated inspection planning of machined parts within feature-based CIM in which part geometry and tolerances are represented as features is described. This representation of information as features is extended to inspection process planning where inspection plan fragments are inspection features containing specific information about how toleranced geometry is to be inspected. A rule base of methods and detailed procedures for evaluating tolerances based on industrial practices are used to generate the inspection plan fragments. A single tolerance can often be inspected in several ways, resulting in the generation of many inspection plan fragments. Inspection planing for computer-controlled coordinate measuring machines is emphasized. The inspection plan fragments for each tolerance in the design are combined into an overall time-efficient inspection plan. An algorithm for inspection process planning is described and applied to a sample part.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fail safety in medical cyber-physical systems (FS-MCPS) (2015)

Medical cyber-physical systems (MCPSs) extend the notion of conventional medical devices to more complex technical systems in close connection to humans, e.g., acquiring sensor data, controlling a treatment, or monitoring recovery. Typically, these systems include the patient in the loop and require a high degree of dependability and fail safety. One challenge is the complex nature of physiological processes, which are often patientspecific and less deterministic than in, e.g., engineering scenarios. Another challenge is the growing complexity of medical systems and devices themselves. Hence, fail safety of a MCPS cannot be achieved within a single component or layer — neither the software layer nor any other isolated layer —, but requires an interdisciplinary effort addressing different aspects, including patient modeling, hardware, software, and communication.
Verification and optimization for LSI & PCB layout (1981)

Layout optimization involves interconnection wiring modifications, which improve aesthetic appearance, fabrication characteristics, routability, and reliability of routed boards/chips. Requirements and capabilities of a general purpose layout optimizer are presented, then organization and processing flow of the program are outlined. The functional decomposition and modular structure of this system are presented. Results achieved by using the verifier/optimizer on large printed circuit boards and gate arrays are given.