gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of RNA polymerase as an enzymatic probe of nucleosomal structure (1980)

Nucleosomes prepared from human placental nuclei and Escherichia coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (nucleoside triphosphate: RNA nucleotidyl transferase EC.2.7.7.6) form stable initiation complexes. This property is utilized as a probe of nucleosome structure. RNA polymerase initiation has been studied on purified nucleosomes, nucleosome cores, and nucleosomal DNA. The affinity of E. coli RNA polymerase for both nucleosome cores and monomers was 5-6 fold less than found for nucleosomal DNA. No difference in apparent initiation Km was found between cores and mononucleosomes. This suggests that initiation does not preferentially occur on the DNA tails of nucleosomes. Once initiated and allowed to form nascent RNA, these complexes are very stable to ionic strength changes. Under conditions in which free enzyme is inactivated with rifampicin, the enzyme in the complex retains activity as demonstrated by its ability to transcribe and reinitiate on both nucleosomes and free DNA. These complexes can be well resolved from free nucleosomes on preparative polyacrylamide gels and both can be eluted from gels for analysis of proteins and DNA sequence complexity. Studies using (125I) labelled nucleosomes show that histones are retained in the initiation complex, and are not dissociated by the enzyme during initiation.
Thermal conductivity and modification of silica aerogels prepared with polymeric precursors (2001)

Modified silica aerogels were prepared with polyethoxydisiloxanes (E-40) followed by silylation of alcogels and ethanol supercritical drying. Trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) and dimethyldimethoxysilane (DMMOS) were used as the silylation agents. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nitrogen sorption techniques were used to characterise the modified and unmodified silica aerogels. The existence of the methyl groups on the internal surface of aerogels was observed with an infrared and 29 Si magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (MAS-NMR). The thermal conductivities of silica aerogels were measured as a function of air pressure and mixture (air and water vapour) pressure, respectively. The results were discussed by considering the adsorption of water vapour by the silica aerogels.
QCD radiation in the production of heavy colored particles at the LHC (2008)

We present a study of effects of QCD radiation in the production of heavy colored states, employing inclusive multi-jet samples obtained by matching matrix elements and parton showers. We discuss several examples showing that matched samples are in general not only more accurate than a parton shower alone, but also often indispensable to make reliable predictions of beyond the Standard Model signals.
KINETICS OF THE REACTION BETWEEN LITHIUM AND WATER VAPOR (1953)

h e r e a c t i o n between l i t h i u m dnd water
Sintesis y propiedades farmacologicas de derivados de morficeptina (1990)

LA OBTENCION DE DERIVADOS AGONISTAS Y ANTAGONISTAS OPIOIDES SELECTIVOS ES DE INDUDABLE IMPORTANCIA FARMACOLOGICA PARA EL ESTUDIO DE LOS MECANISMOS DE TRANSMISION NERVIOSA RELACIONADOS CON EL DOLOR. EN LA PRESENTE TESIS, ESTE OBJETIVO SE PERSIGUE MEDIANTE LA DIALQUILACION EN LA POSICION PRIMERA DEL OPIOIDE MORFICEPTINA (TYR-PRO-PHE-PRO-NH2) PARA LA OBTENCION DE ANTAGONISTA Y MEDIANTE LA GLICOSILACION EN POSICION 4 PARA LA OBTENCION DE AGONISTAS. POR LO QUE SE REFIERE A ANTAGONISTAS, SE DESCRIBE LA OBTENCION Y EVALUACION FARMACOLIGICA DE DIALILMORFICEPTINA, DERIVADO DE GRAN INTERES POR SU ACTIVIDAD SIMILAR A LA DE LA NALOXONA Y QUE APUNTA HACIA UNA SELECTIVIDAD U. LOS DERIVADOS GLICOSILADOS AGONISTAS NO HAN RESULTADO SER MAS ACTIVOS QUE LA MORFINA, PERO ESTE ES TAMBIEN UN RESULTADO INTERESANTE POR CONTRASTE CON LOS OBTENIDOS MEDIANTE GLICOSILACION DE ENCEFALINAS DESCRITOS EN LA LITERATURA. PARA LA SINTESIS DE ESTOS DOS TIPOS DE DERIVADOS PEPTIDICOS SE LLEGA EN ESTA MEMORIA A SOLUCIONES INGENIOSAS Y UTILES, APLICABLES A LA PREPARACION FUTURA DE DERIVADOS SIMILARES.
P1‐408: TARGETING SYNAPTIC DYSFUNCTION THROUGH DIETARY POLYPHENOL AS A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION FOR AD (2014)

There is great interest in developing polyphenols for treating dementia, including a recent trial demonstrated dietary supplementation with a cocoa polyphenol preparation improved cognitive function in the elderly and an ongoing trial testing the cognitive benefits of pomegranate supplementation in the elderly. There is, however, limited understanding of how polyphenols may mechanistically benefit cognition. Our studies are designed to mechanistically investigate the role of brain-penetrating polyphenols on synaptic plasticity and will provide the much-needed information supporting the potential application of certain polyphenols for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment. Pharmacokinetics and brain bioavailability were carried out in Sprague Dawley rats to identify polyphenol metabolites that can reach the brain. Electrophysiology studies were carried out to test the effect of select brain-targeting polyphenol metabolites in preventing oligomeric Aβ-induced synaptic impairments. Luminex xMAP multiplexed immunoassays were used to investigate the molecular pathways underlying the potential role of select polyphenol in modulating synaptic plasticity. We found a panel of selective polyphenol metabolites that can pass the blood brain barrier and accumulate in the brains at sub micro molar concentration. Moreover, some of the polyphenol metabolites such as 3'- O -methyl-epicatechin-5- O -β-glucuronide (3'- O -Me-EC-Gluc) can effectively prevent acute oAβ -induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairments and improve basal synaptic transmission and LTP in hippocampal slices from old Tg2576 mice through activation of CamKII-CREB signaling pathway. Synaptic alterations and dysfunction is viewed as one of the earliest events in the development of AD-type cognitive decline, preceding neuronal loss and likely contributing to the progressive failure of neuronal systems leading to clinical dementia. Our studies demonstrate that targeting the molecular mechanism that contribute to synaptic dysfunction in the brain through intervention using dietary polyphenols may provide invaluable insights for developing efficient novel therapeutic applications to preserve cognitive function and prevent, or delay, the onset and progression of AD. Moreover, our mechanistic studies on the actions of brain-penetrating polyphenols will provide, for the first time, the much-needed information supporting the potential application of certain polyphenols for AD treatment, the design of future clinical studies, and ultimately, the application of polyphenols in AD and other forms of dementia.
Assessment of the Functional Reserve Capacity of the Adrenal Cortex in Healthy Subjects Following Exhaustive Exercise (1962)

The functional reserve capacity of the adrenal cortex was studied in 22 healthy volunteers aged 19 to 23 after a period of normal exercise and after a period of exhaustive exercise. Urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OH-CS), 17-ketosteroids (17-KS) and pregnanediol (P-diol) before, during and after intravenous infusion of 25 I.U. of corticotropin were used as indices of adrenocortical function. Administration of 60 mg of phenopromin (d,l-α-phenyl-β-amino-propane sulphate) 12 hours prior to the ACTH infusion exerted no effect on steroid excretion nor on the urinary steroid response to ACTH. Exhaustive exercise resulted in an increased excretion of 17-OH-CS and in a diminished excretion of 17-KS; it did not influence quantitatively the urinary 17-OH-CS response to intravenous ACTH-stimulation but shortened its duration. Exhaustive exercise significantly reduced the 17-KS response and prolonged the P-diol response to a subsequent infusion of ACTH. Thus in healthy subjects prolonged physical exercise to the point of exhaustion does not interfere with the functional reserve capacity of the adrenal cortex, but it significantly modifies the urinary steroid response to a subsequent infusion of ACTH.
Direct<i>in vivo</i>inflammatory cell-induced corrosion of CoCrMo alloy orthopedic implant surfaces (2014)

Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloy, used for over five decades in orthopedic implants, may corrode and release wear debris into the body during use. These degradation products may stimulate immune and inflammatory responses in vivo. We report here on evidence of direct inflammatory cell-induced corrosion of human implanted and retrieved CoCrMo implant surfaces. Corrosion morphology on CoCrMo implant surfaces, in unique and characteristic patterns, and the presence of cellular remnants and biological materials intimately entwined with the corrosion indicates direct cellular attack under the cell membrane region of adhered and/or migrating inflammatory cells. Evidence supports a Fenton-like reaction mechanism driving corrosion in which reactive oxygen species are the major driver of corrosion. Using in vitro tests, large increases in corrosion susceptibility of CoCrMo were seen (40-100 fold) when immersed in phosphate buffered saline solutions modified with hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid to represent the chemistry under inflammatory cells. This discovery raises significant new questions about the clinical consequences of such corrosion interactions, the role of patient inflammatory reactions, and the detailed mechanisms at play.
Manufacturing Elements To Support Design For Additive Manufacturing (2018)

Manufacturable ELements (MELs) are proposed as an intermediate representation to support Design For Additive Manufacturing (DFAM) and process planning. MELs are constructed to relate design features and geometric regions to manufacturing operations that are suitable to fabricate those features or regions. Such intermediate representations provide a validated parametric model that aids in the construction of as-fabricated part models for both engineering analysis and process planning. Viewed differently, MELs contain information with which designers can explore process-structure-property relationships of design features that capture manufacturing process characteristics. Examples are provided for vat photopolymerization and material extrusion processes.
Improving cooling efficiency of servers by replacing smaller chassis enclosed fans with larger rack-mount fans (2014)

As a common practice in the data center industry, chassis fans are used to direct air flow independent from neighboring servers. In general, smaller fans are less efficient compared to geometrically similar larger fans. In this study, a novel approach is proposed whereby chassis enclosed fans are replaced with a smaller number of larger fans installed behind a stacked array of servers which share airflow. As a baseline study, a CPU dominated 1.5U Open Compute server with four 60mm fans installed within its chassis is characterized experimentally for its flow impedance, fan speed dependent flow rate, effect on die temperature and power consumption at various compute utilization levels. Larger fans with a square frame size of 80mm and 120mm are selected and individually characterized for their air moving capacity and power consumption. Primary emphasis is placed on the 80mm fan case, with discussion of the 120mm fans included. CFD is used to simulate a system of stacked servers serviced by larger fans to obtain its flow characteristics and operating points. The fan power consumption of the larger fans is determined experimentally at these operating points replicated in an air flow bench. Comparing with the base line experiments, replacing smaller fans with larger units results in a significant decrease in fan power consumption without conceding flow rate and static pressure requirements.
Histocompatibility Leukocyte Antigens in Patients with Toxic-Shock Syndrome (1983)

Journal Article Histocompatibility Leukocyte Antigens in Patients with Toxic-Shock Syndrome Get access Robert H. Latham, Robert H. Latham Field Services Division Epidemiology Program Office Centers for Disease Control Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bryon T. Haslam, Bryon T. Haslam Utah State Department of Health Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles Dewitt, Charles Dewitt University of Utah College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mark Skolnick, Mark Skolnick University of Utah College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles B. Smith Charles B. Smith University of Utah College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 147, Issue 4, April 1983, Page 783, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/147.4.783 Published: 01 April 1983
Pretreatment apoptosis in carcinoma of the cervix correlates with changes in tumour oxygenation during radiotherapy (2000)

A relationship between hypoxia and apoptosis has been identified in vitro and in experimental tumours. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between apoptosis, hypoxia and the change in oxygenation during radiotherapy in human squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Forty-two patients with locally advanced disease underwent pretreatment evaluation of tumour oxygenation using an Eppendorf computerized microneedle electrode. Twenty-two of these patients also had a second evaluation of tumour oxygenation after receiving 40-45 Gy external beam radiotherapy. Paraffin-embedded histological sections were obtained from random pretreatment biopsies for all 42 patients. Apoptotic index (AI) was quantified by morphology on TUNEL stained sections. No correlation was found between pretreatment measures of AI and either the median pO2 (r = 0.12, P = 0.44) or percentage of values < 5 mmHg (r = -0.02, P = 0.89). A significant positive correlation was found between AI and the change in tumour oxygenation (ratio of pre:post-treatment % values < 5 mmHg) following radiotherapy (r = 0.61, P = 0.002). The lack of correlation between apoptosis and hypoxia may occur because the Eppendorf measures both acute and chronic hypoxia, and the relative ability of acute hypoxia to induce apoptosis is unknown. These results indicate that cell death via apoptosis may be a mechanism of tumour reoxygenation during radiotherapy.
Involvement of protein kinase Cα in invadopodia formation in Src‐3T3 cells (2010)

Dynamic structures termed podosomes or invadopodia take the form of actin puncta or rings and are involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, adhesion, and invasion. Though various protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms are known to affect these structures, the precise role of PKCα in signaling upstream of invadopodia in transformed cells remains unclear. We have begun to analyze the role of PKCα in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts transformed with active Src (Src‐3T3 cells). PKCα colocalizes with actin and the invadopodia marker Tks5 at rosettes, and inhibition of conventional PKC isoforms interferes with PKCα localization and rosette formation. The target of PKC that is responsible for invadopodia formation is unknown; however, one possible candidate is Discs Large 1 (DLG1), which we show is a substrate of PKC. DLG1 is present at numerous actin‐based structures including invadopodia and is involved in motility and invasion. Strikingly, coexpression of DLG1 and PKCα in COS‐7 epithelial cells causes formation of actin‐based rosettes (in a cPKC‐dependent manner), suggesting that phosphorylated DLG is sufficient for establishment of these structures. This work was supported by NIH P01 DK54441 and NIH GM43154.
ChemInform Abstract: Short Synthesis of 2,4‐Disubstituted 1,3‐Oxathiolane and 1,3‐Dithiolane Cytosine Nucleosides: Facile Introduction of a 4‐Benzoate Group Using Benzoyl Peroxide. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Susceptibility of PCBs including non linear elements: A time-domain approach (2011)

This paper presents a time-domain approach to address the susceptibility of printed circuit boards (PCBs) including non-linear elements such as on-chip ESD protection devices. The modeling of the boards is performed using a multiconductor transmission lines formalism, and the non linear loads are taken into account using a new SPICE-compatible generic diode model with special emphasis on non linear capacitance and recovery phenomena.
Investigation of the reflection of infrared surface electromagnetic waves by a corrugated metal surface (1984)

An investigation was made of the influence of the depth of grating grooves on the reflection coefficient R of surface electromagnetic waves and of the dependence of R on the wavelength and angles of rotation of a grating relative to the direction of wave propagation. The maximum value of the reflection coefficient was 52% when the groove depth was 0.24 μ (at λ = 10.6 μ).
Mineralization of Single Flexible Polyelectrolyte Molecules (2002)

Conformation of a single flexible polyelectrolyte molecule with a hydrophobic backbone in aqueous solution is effected by the interplay of the short-range intramolecular attraction and the long-range Coulomb repulsion. The conformation can be frozen if the molecule is trapped by a solid substrate. With this approach, we prepared the range of single molecule templates from poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) deposited on the surface of Si-wafer or mica in different conformations from an elongated wormlike coil to compact globule. Pd(+2) was coordinated by P2VP via an ion exchange reaction exposing the samples to palladium acetate acidic aqueous solution. In the next step, Pd(+2) was reduced by dimethylamine borane. This route results in wire-shaped metallic nanoparticle assembles of about 2-5 nm in diameter and 50-700 nm in length. The conformation and size of the underlaying polyelectrolyte molecules determine the dimensions of nanoparticles.
STRESS-INDUCED MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATIONS IN Cu-Zn-Al AND Cu-Zn-Ga ALLOYS (1982)

Two-stage pseudoelasticity in Cu-(32~16at%)Zn-(4~16at%)Al alloys and a Cu-21at%Zn-12at%Ga alloy have been investigated by tensile testing. Main interest was the influence of alloy composition and test temperature on the two-stage pseudoelasticity behavior. It has been found that the shape of the pseudoelasticity loop changes markedly depending on these factors. By reducing e/a-value below 1.42, the stress-induced α'1 phase becomes stable. In the Cu-Zn-Ga alloy slip deformation takes place before α'1 martensite is formed from β'1.
Ablation of the X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa 2 (<i>Rp2</i>) Gene in Mice Results in Opsin Mislocalization and Photoreceptor Degeneration (2013)

Our studies suggest that RP2 contributes to the maintenance of photoreceptor function and that cone opsin mislocalization represents an early step in XLRP caused by RP2 mutations. The Rp2(null) mice should serve as a useful preclinical model for testing gene- and cell-based therapies.
Zn-Doped CdS Nanoarchitectures Prepared by Hydrothermal Synthesis: Mechanism for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity and Stability under Visible Light (2012)

Zn-doped CdS nanoarchitectures with different Zn content are synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method with water as the only solvent. The prepared samples are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurement, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, while the photocatalytic activities are tested by photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine-B under visible-light irradiation. The results show that CdS with small amount of Zn doping can lead to an enhanced photocatalytic activity. Zn-doped CdS sample derived at 160 °C for 12 h with the molar ratio of Zn/Cd = 1:10 exhibits the best photocatalytic activity, which is much higher than that of pure CdS. Moreover, there is almost no loss of photocatalytic activity after four cycles of repeated experiments. So, Zn2+ doping indeed improves the photocatalytic activity and stability of CdS. Theoretical calculation indicates that Zn doping into a CdS crystal lattice can result in the shift of the valence band of CdS to a positive direction. It may lead to its higher oxidative ability than pure CdS, which is important for organic pollutant degradation under visible-light irradiation. Furthermore, the low formation energy for Zn-doped CdS systems demonstrates that the stability of CdS with Zn2+ doping can be improved. Experimentally and theoretically, this study will be useful for the improvement of photocatalytic activity and stability of CdS through the method of metal ion doping.
Structure and fluxional behaviour of µ-diphenylacetylene-closo-tetrakis(tricarbonylruthenium)(4 Ru–Ru) (1977)

The X-ray structure determination of [Ru4(CO)12(C2Ph2)] confirms the previously proposed closo-Ru4C2 unit with the alkyne capping a butterfly arrangement of the four ruthenium atoms. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/c, Z= 4, a= 9.69(1), b= 16.88(2), c= 17.13(2)Å, β= 90.67(5)°; R 0.056 for 2 929 independent reflections. Variable-temperature 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy has enabled the activation energy and entropy to be measured for the mutual exchange of three carbonyl groups attached to one ruthenium, and also indicates that no exchange of carbonyls between different rutheniums occurs at <373 K.
Liver-specific Inactivation of the Abetalipoproteinemia Gene Completely Abrogates Very Low Density Lipoprotein/Low Density Lipoprotein Production in a Viable Conditional Knockout Mouse (1999)

Conventional knockout of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein large subunit (lMTP) gene is embryonic lethal in the homozygous state in mice. We have produced a conditional lMTP knockout mouse by inserting loxP sequences flanking exons 5 and 6 by gene targeting. Homozygous floxed mice were born live with normal plasma lipids. Intravenous injection of an adenovirus harboring Cre recombinase (AdCre1) produced deletion of exons 5 and 6 and disappearance of lMTP mRNA and immunoreactive protein in a liver-specific manner. There was also disappearance of plasma apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 and marked reduction in apoB-48 levels. Wild-type mice showed no response, and heterozygous mice, an intermediate response, to AdCre1. Wild-type mice doubled their plasma cholesterol level following a high cholesterol diet. This hypercholesterolemia was abolished in AdCre1-treated lMTP-/- mice, the result of a complete absence of very low/intermediate/low density lipoproteins and a slight reduction in high density lipoprotein. Heterozygous mice showed an intermediate lipoprotein phenotype. The rate of accumulation of plasma triglyceride following Triton WR1339 treatment in lMTP-/- mice was <10% that in wild-type animals, indicating a failure of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein production. Pulse-chase experiments using hepatocytes isolated from wild-type and lMTP-/- mice revealed a failure of apoB secretion in lMTP-/- animals. Therefore, the liver-specific inactivation of the lMTP gene completely abrogates apoB-100 and very low/intermediate/low density lipoprotein production. These conditional knockout mice are a useful in vivo model for studying the role of MTP in apoB biosynthesis and the biogenesis of apoB-containing lipoproteins.