gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Method to Estimate Water Diffusivity and Hydraulic Conductivity of Moderately Dry Soil (1995)

Abstract Water diffusivity and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of moderately dry soils are seldom measured directly, yet are often needed by numerical models to simulate flow processes. We propose a relatively simple method to obtain water diffusivity or hydraulic conductivity in moderately dry soils. Steady‐state profiles of water content and temperature in a closed, non‐isothermal soil column are used to determine S w = D T / D (θ) = − dθ/d T where S w is the thermogradient coefficient, D T is the thermal water diffusivity, D (θ) is the isothermal water diffusivity, and dθ/d T is the rate of change of water content with temperature. The relative constancy of D T allows D (θ) to be estimated as D (θ) = ‐ D T (d T /dθ) where d T /dθ is measured at various locations along the soil column. Using water retention data, the steady water content profile can be transformed into a suction head profile and the above procedures for estimating D (θ) can then be applied to estimate hydraulic conductivity, K (θ). Soil columns ranging in length from 5 to 10 cm, exposed to thermal gradients of 1°C/cm for periods as short as 7 d, at initial suction values ranging from 0.1 to 1.5 MPa, can be used to estimate water diffusivity and hydraulic conductivity with uncertainties of a factor of five or less in the suction range from 0.03 to 3 MPa.
Modeling approaches to the estimate of plasma variables from exhaled volatile organic compounds (2009)

Exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOC) are potential biomarkers of biological processes, such as glucose (GL), insulin (INS), and lipid (FFA) metabolism. The accuracy of VOC‐derived estimates of plasma variables, though, depends on analytical methods and mathematical modeling. Here we report evolving modeling approaches in consecutive studies with simultaneous collection of plasma and exhaled gases at multiple time points, during 2‐4 h fluctuations of plasma GL, INS and FFA. a) Plasma GL estimate from multi‐linear regression (MLR) of exhaled ethanol + acetone, after GL ingestion; avg R of measured vs estimated GL = .70 b) Plasma GL estimate from MLR of ethanol, acetone, methyl nitrate + 3 aromatic gases after i.v. GL bolus (scaling back models from 6 to 4 gases, see figure); avg R = .91 c) Plasma GL, INS, FFA estimates from MLR of 4‐gas clusters during continuous i.v. GL infusion; avg Rs = .86 (GL), .92 (INS), .89 (FFA) d) Plasma INS estimate from MLR of a 5‐gas cluster + time, using residual values for gases (instead of breath‐room air differences used in a, b, c); avg R = .91 (same regression equation for all subjects, unlike a, b, c, where individual equations were used). MLR models of 4‐6 residual gas values and time can therefore accurately estimate blood variables related to glucose metabolism, providing the developmental basis of a non‐invasive methodology for diabetes screening, diagnosing and monitoring.
The Chemistry of Derivatives of 2-Benzaltetralone. IV.<sup>1</sup> The Synthesis, Spectra and Ring Cleavage Reactions of Some Spiroepoxyketones (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of Derivatives of 2-Benzaltetralone. IV.1 The Synthesis, Spectra and Ring Cleavage Reactions of Some SpiroepoxyketonesNorman H. Cromwell, Ronald E. Bambury, and Raymond P. BarkleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 16, 4294–4298Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1959https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01525a045RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (651 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering from vapor-deposited copper, silver, and gold. Excitation profiles and temperature dependence (1983)

Surface-enhanced Raman spectra (SERS) of pyridine adsorbed on copper, silver, and gold films vapor deposited on low temperature substrates are reported. Similar spectra were also obtained on a sputter-cleaned silver single crystal. Excitation spectra (450–750 nm) for all three metals revealed an overall increase in SERS activity at longer wavelengths, the relative increase being greater for copper and gold than silver. A broad excitation maximum near 2 eV was observed for the 1006 cm−1 pyridine SERS signal on silver. A lesser-defined maximum was revealed for copper in the same general vicinity (1.7–2.0 eV) while a broad onset extending below 1.7 eV was observed for gold. Temperature studies (15–300 K) indicate that the observed SERS originate from molecular pyridine chemisorbed to the metal surfaces. In the cases of copper and gold, SERS were also observed from samples maintained at room temperature in vacuum. The intensities of the SERS signals were proportional to incident (cw) laser power at low power densities (&lt;1 MW/cm2).
Diabetes and its effects on dental pulp (2006)

Uncontrolled or poorly controlled diabetes mellitus may be a risk factor for the development of oral complications. The objective of this investigation was to determine the effect of diabetes mellitus progression on inflammatory and structural components of dental pulp. Male Wistar rats were given a single injection of Streptozotocin (STZ), and induction of diabetes was confirmed 24 h later. Dental pulp tissue samples were taken from central incisors and molars of diabetic rats 30 and 90 days after the STZ treatment. Plasma glucose levels in diabetic rats 30 and 90 days after STZ treatment were significantly increased when compared to control rats (P < 0.001). Nitrite and kallikrein levels in dental pulp tissue were higher in diabetic rats 30 days after STZ treatment than in controls, while only nitrite were decreased 90 after of STZ treatment. Myeloperoxidase activity showed changes 30 and 90 days after STZ injection when compared to controls. The activity of alkaline phosphatase showed significant changes 30 and 90 days after STZ treatment. On the other hand the concentration of collagen was decreased in diabetic rats 30 and 90 days after STZ injection. These results suggest that diabetes is a critical factor that has profound effects upon oral tissues, resulting in expression of inflammatory mediators and modifications of structural components of dental pulp.
Infrared Imaging: A Potential New Tool to Characterize Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Human Breast Cancer (2013)

Poster presentation
Durational effects on masked thresholds in noise as a function of signal frequency, bandwidth, and type (1995)

The reported perceptual experiments are aimed at quantifying the relationship between masked thresholds of signals within noise as a function of signal center frequency, duration, and signal type (pure tones or 1–8 critical-band noises). Tests are adaptive 2AFC with the signals’ center frequencies ranging between 0.4 and 6 kHz and their durations, between 10 and 300 ms. The masker is flat noise with a spectrum level of 36 dB SPL/Hz sampled at 16 kHz. Four subjects participated in the experiments. Critical-band theory accurately predicts the masked thresholds for tones at 300 ms. Tone thresholds increase almost linearly with decreasing logarithmic duration, and these durational effects are more pronounced at low frequencies. Thresholds for 1 CB noise and tone signals are similar at short durations (10–30 ms). For longer durations and for wideband noises, however, differences both in thresholds and the way the thresholds change with duration are observed. Possible explanations in terms of changing auditory filter bandwidths, temporal integration, temporal onset detection and/or an interplay between these factors will be presented. The data are used to predict the masked thresholds of stop bursts in the presence of noise. [Work supported by NIH.]
Mating system transitions in <i>Solanum habrochaites</i> impact interactions between populations and species (2016)

In plants, transitions in mating system from outcrossing to self-fertilization are common; however, the impact of these transitions on interspecific and interpopulation reproductive barriers is not fully understood. We examined the consequences of mating system transition for reproductive barriers in 19 populations of the wild tomato species Solanum habrochaites. We identified S. habrochaites populations with self-incompatible (SI), self-compatible (SC) and mixed population (MP) mating systems, and characterized pollen-pistil interactions among S. habrochaites populations and between S. habrochaites and other tomato species. We examined the relationship between mating system, floral morphology, interspecific and interpopulation compatibility and pistil SI factors. We documented five distinct phenotypic groups by combining reproductive behavior with molecular data. Transitions from SI to MP were not associated with weakened interspecific reproductive barriers or loss of known pistil SI factors. However, transitions to SC at the northern range margin were accompanied by loss of S-RNase, smaller flowers, and weakened (or absent) interspecific pollen-pistil barriers. Finally, we identified a subset of SC populations that exhibited a partial interpopulation reproductive barrier with central SI populations. Our results support the hypothesis that shifts in mating system, followed by additional loss-of-function mutations, impact reproductive barriers within and between species.
Rapid differential diagnosis of rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants using an immunocapture ELISA (1994)

An immunocapture ELISA for the diagnosis of rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants is described. Monoclonal antibodies directed against non-overlapping antigenic domains on the nucleocapsid (N) were used to detect the virus N protein in supernatants from infected cells and in field specimens. The assay, which is very sensitive, can be performed in one hour on pre-coated plates. There was no cross reaction between the two viruses in the test and the N protein could be detected in infected cell supernatants kept at ambient temperature for one week. These results show that the ELISA is suitable for routine diagnosis of field samples.
A Unified Type System for Object-Oriented Programming (1990)

We present a new type system for object-oriented languages with assignments. Types are sets of classes, subtyping is set inclusion, and genericity is class substitution. The type system enables separate compilation, and unifies, generalizes, and simplifies the type systems underlying SIMULA/BETA, C++, EIFFEL, and Typed Smalltalk, and the type system with type substitutions proposed by Palsberg and Schwartzbach, Classes and types are both modeled as node-labeled, ordered regular trees; this allows an efficient type-checking algorithm.
Deep-level defect characteristics in pentacene organic thin films (2002)

Organic thin-film transistors using the pentacene as an active electronic material have shown the mobility of 0.8 cm2/V s and the grains larger than 1 μm. To study the characteristics of electronic charge concentrations and the interface traps of the pentacene thin films, the capacitance properties were measured in the metal/insulator/organic semiconductor structure device by employing the capacitance–voltage and deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements. Based on the DLTS measurements, the concentrations and the energy levels of hole and electron traps in the obtained pentacene films were formed to be approximately 4.2×1015 cm−3 at Ev+0.24 eV, 9.6×1014 cm−3 at Ev+1.08 eV, 6.5×1015 cm−3 at Ev+0.31 eV and 2.6×1014 cm−3 at Ec−0.69 eV.
Context Dependent Automatic Textile Image Annotation Using Networked Knowledge (2007)

This paper presents a new method of an automatic image annotation system that estimates keywords from an image. Typical automatic image annotation systems extract features from an image and recognize keywords. However this method has two problems. One is that it treats features statically. Features should change depending on what keywords are attached so keywords should not be treated equally. Another is that it does not consider the level of keywords. Visual keywords, such as color or texture, can be recognized easily from image features, while high-level semantics such as context are hard to recognize from the features. To solve these problems, our approach is to recognize context by using networked specialist knowledge and to recognize keywords by changing feature values dynamically depending on the context. To evaluate our system, we conducted two experiments of applying it to textile images. As a result, we obtained improved accuracy and confirmed the effectiveness of using networked knowledge.
Evolution of Three-Dimensional Vortex Structure of Coflowing Fuel Jet. (1997)

We study the transition mechanism governing the three-dimensional evolution of a coflowing fuel jet by means of HSMAC simulations which can handle the density change. In the purely axisymmetric case without any perturbations, calculations provide only Kelvin-Helmholz-type vortices. The spatial and temporal calculations triggered by an azimuthal perturbation, however, provide a detailed picture of orderly three-dimensional transition processes leading to the concentration. reorientation, and stretching of the vorticity. Furthermore, the azimuthal vorticity shows the helical structure in the braid region of vortex rings. The streamwise vorticity, which indicates azimuthally several pairs of vortices with opposite rotation, is produced in the braid region immediately upstream of the core of vortex ring. The streamwise vorticity is stretched in the braid region under the tension of vortex ring, penetrates inside the downstream core, wraps round the upstream core and finally connects each core. The streamwise vortices with opposite rotation induce the radial ejection flow.
Stone Fish, Malaria And Cholera: High Risk Geophysics In A Pirates' Lair (2002)

As part of a Discovery Channel project, a multidisciplinary team spent two weeks on a small<br>island in the Indian Ocean to search for the sunken remains of Captain Kidd’s pirate ship. This expedition<br>posed many challenges both in the implementation of the geophysics as well as logistics and health<br>issues. The effort was successful in generating three-dimensional images of the ship derived from highresolution<br>marine seismic data and in confirming the existence of tunnels that have been attributed to<br>pirate activities during the 17th and 18th century.
Transfer tubes and tube opener (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransfer tubes and tube openerGerald W. A. Fowles and Charles M. Pleass Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 12, 640Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1956Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 December 1956Published inissue 1 December 1956https://doi.org/10.1021/ed033p640RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views15Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (446 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
THE PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF THE POTASSIUM SKATOLYL SULFATES (THE "SULFATOXYSKATOLES") (1965)

The four isomeric potassium skatolyl sulfates, with the sulfate residue attached to the 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-positions in the benzene moiety of the skatole molecule, have been synthesized. The four isomers were prepared by the sulfation of the corresponding hydroxyskatoles with either (a) the pyridine – sulfur trioxide complex in pyridine or (b) chlorosulfonic acid in pyridine. The ultraviolet spectroscopy of this group of compounds is discussed together with their paper chromatographic behavior in several different solvent systems.
Temperature dependence of the time-resolved emissions of CsI:Tl (1991)

Abstract Time-resolved emissions of Csl:T1 are investigated. The system is laser-excited in the A-band at 308 nm and the emissions are observed in the range 370–650 nm, from 30 K to 300 K. Their analysis by means of a deconvolution permits the valuation of decay-times down to 1 ns. At every temperature many bands are observed and some of them show slow and fast components. The decay-times of the fast components are in the range 1–10 ns while the slow ones are even longer than 1 μs. In many cases intermediate decay-times of the order of 100 ns exist. The competition among the bands interests the application of this system as active material for tunable solid-state laser.
Determining Lang and Kobayashi Hopf bifurcation points (1995)

The Hopf bifurcation points for single mode solutions of the Lang and Kobayashi equations are determined using asymptotic methods. The approximation is based on a small parameter ε which is defined as the ratio of the photon and carrier lifetimes. The remaining parameters are scaled with respect to ε. The critical feedback rate for a Hopf bifurcation is studied in terms of the pump parameter and is either an 0(ε) or an 0(ε 1/2 ) quantity. At a fixed value of the pump parameter, we obtain an expression of the Hopf bifurcation point in terms of the effective feedback strength and the feedback phase. In addition, we investigate the Hopf bifurcation point near and at the lasing threshold.
Antivirally protective cytotoxic T cell memory to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is governed by persisting antigen. (1992)

The basis of antiviral protection by memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was investigated in vivo and in vitro using lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the LCMV-glycoprotein (vacc-GP) or -nucleoprotein (vacc-NP). The widely replicating LCMV with a tendency to persist induced solid long-term protective memory. The poorly replicating vaccinia recombinant viruses revealed in the vaccinated host that the antiviral capacity of the secondary immune T cell response and the protection against lethal LCM was dependent upon the immunizing antigen and its dose. Protection against lethal choriomeningitis is less sensitive to assess memory because it depends upon high levels of CTL precursors (p) and/or on an activated state of memory CTL. In contrast, antiviral protection measured as the capacity of the primed host to reduce virus titers after challenge infection correlated with elevated CTLp frequencies after immunization with live LCMV or recombinant vaccinia virus-expressing the major LCMV epitope. CTLp frequencies were constantly increased up to 70 d for LCMV immune mice, but rapidly decreased a few weeks after immunization with low dose vaccinia recombinant virus. For example, mice primed with 2 x 10(6) plaque-forming units (PFU) of vacc-NP, or 2 x 10(2) PFU, or 2 x 10(6) PFU of vacc-GP were antivirally protected on day 7 but not after day 30 when CTLp could not be measured any longer in vitro. However, greater priming doses of vacc-NP (10(4) or 2 x 10(6) PFU) as well as LCMV (2 x 10(2) PFU) induced elevated levels of CTLp and antiviral protection for 60 d or longer. Adoptive transfer experiments of immune spleen cells into syngeneic recipients without addition of antigen demonstrated that maintenance of the antiviral protective capacity of the transferred cells depended on the presence of viral antigen. Thus, antiviral protection by memory CTL may be rather short-lived since it is based on activated T cells continuously stimulated by persisting antigen. This is best achieved by high immunizing antigen doses yielded either by widely replicating viruses or high doses of poorly replicating recombinant vaccines.
High Angular Resolution in 2010-2020: Possible post-VLT/VLTI Instruments and R&D priorities (2002)

International audience
Effect of Stretch on Bladder Smooth Muscle Cells in Three-Dimensional Culture (2007)

The bladder is routinely subjected to mechanical stretch from filling cycles; however, abnormal bladder distention can result from pathological conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction. It has been suggested that abnormal mechanical environments in the bladder trigger cellular and molecular changes, such as smooth muscle cell hyperplasia or hypertrophy and alteration of the extracellular matrix (ECM). These cellular and ECM changes can, in turn, deteriorate the function of the bladder by decreasing the contractility and compliance of the tissue [1, 3, 5].
Abstract 14076: Acute Stent Thrombosis Resulting in St Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) is Associated With Worse Clinical Outcomes Than STEMI Due to Native Coronary Thrombosis (2011)

Background: Stent thrombosis (ST) is a recognized cause of STEMI in patients with previous PCI. The incidence is increasing and outcomes are not well characterized. We compared STEMI due to ST vers...