gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of glycerol 3-phosphate and glycerophosphate acyltransferase in the nutritional control of hepatic triacylglycerol synthesis (1982)

1. Glycerol 3-phosphate content of isolated hepatocytes from starved rats and of glycogen-depleted hepatocytes from fed rats was low and severely limited triacylglycerol synthesis. 2. Raising the glycerol 3-phosphate content by addition of precursors to the cells resulted in a hyperbolic-like relationship between triacylglycerol synthesis and cellular glycerol 3-phosphate content. Statistical analysis of the curves showed no significant differences between the nutritional states either at saturating or at subsaturating glycerol 3-phosphate content. 3. V(max.) of glycerophosphate acyltransferase measured in homogenized hepatocytes was decreased by 30-40% in starvation. There was no change in apparent K(m) for glycerol 3-phosphate. Since at saturating glycerol 3-phosphate content esterification rates in hepatocytes of both nutritional states were identical, the enzyme is not limiting esterification under this condition. 4. At subsaturating glycerol 3-phosphate content the flux through glycerophosphate acyltransferase necessarily limits esterification. Therefore one would expect a decrease in esterification in starvation under this condition. This was the case when triacylglycerol synthesis was plotted against intracellular glycerol 3-phosphate concentration, calculated from the cellular glycerol 3-phosphate content and the intracellular water space, which was smaller in hepatocytes from starved rats. 5. The data obtained in hepatocytes were extrapolated to the intact liver by using the number of parenchymal cells per g of liver as determined from marker-enzyme analysis and the liver weight per 100g body weight. The extrapolation suggested that glycerol 3-phosphate is limiting esterification in vivo for contents below 0.3-0.4 and 0.5-0.65mumol/g for livers from fed and starved animals respectively. Also for a given fatty acid load and a glycerol 3-phosphate content below 0.3mumol/g the liver may esterify less in the starved state. However, at the glycerol 3-phosphate contents measured in freeze-clamped livers (0.30 and 0.44mumol/g for the fed and starved state respectively), livers in both nutritional states seemed capable of esterifying similar amounts of fatty acids.
Abnormal bone remodelling in inflammatory arthritis. (1998)

Osteopenia is responsible for substantial comorbidity in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and is an important factor in the surgical management of joint disease. In animal models of bone loss stimulated by inflammatory arthritis, increased bone remodelling and altered microstructure of bone have been documented. The subchondral bone plate near the joint surface is narrow and perforated by vascular inflammatory invasion, and in the shaft the thin cortices are weakened by giant resorption defects. Biomechanical tests and a mathematical model of bone strength suggest that cortical defects, much larger than those found in normal osteonal remodelling, are principally responsible for the experimentally observed loss of strength. Similarly, these defects may explain the increased femoral fracture risk in rheumatoid arthritis. The osteoclast, the cell resorbing bone, is demonstrated in increased number and activity in rheumatoid arthritis and in animal models. Bisphosphonates, drugs that inhibit osteoclast function, have been shown experimentally to reduce both focal and generalized osteopenia and to prevent loss of bone strength. Bisphosphonates also protect articular cartilage from damage characteristic of inflammatory arthritis. The mechanism of chondroprotection may be prevention of subchondral bone resorption by the osteoclast and also an altered distribution of bone marrow cells. Thus, bisphosphonates, currently in clinical use for other bone metabolic diseases, appear to have potential as prophylaxis and treatment for osteopenia and joint damage in inflammatory arthritis.
Regulation of Serum Potassium During Insulin-induced Hypoglycemia (1982)

Counterregulatory secretion of epinephrine occurs during severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Under these conditions (minimal plasma glucose 27.4 +/- 1 mg/dl) the decrease of serum potassium concentration (0.9 mVal/L) is mediated by two mechanisms: insulin-induced (0.48 mVal/L) and epinephrine-induced (0.42 mVal/L) cellular uptake of potassium. Epinephrine-induced serum potassium uptake appears to be more sensitive to beta-adrenoceptor blockade than glucose production. The intensification of insulin-induced hypokalemia by epinephrine is of clinical significance.
Mass flow measurements based on a virtual channel concept (2005)

The development of the mass flow rate measurements in the industrial systems using a twin-planes electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) system is presented. The mass flow measurement is based on cross-section decomposition into homogenous regions and virtual channel is then defined as connecting of two homogenous regions of different sensor planes. The decomposition has been obtained by using a stochastic flow model. As a result the set of virtual channels is obtained instead the complex flow inside a single physical channel. The authors present the results of investigation for turbulent flow propagation using the virtual channel concept also.
“Lift As You Climb”: A Narrative on Self-Empowerment and Student-Initiated Retention (2012)

Through a study on student-initiated retention projects, Maldonado, Buenavista, and Rhoads (2005) focused on the role of student agency and group empowerment and offered insight into how retention theory, policy, and practice may be reconsidered. This critical race counterstory will explore how my undergraduate experience was shaped by a student-initiated retention project in a way that contributed to my self-empowerment. I conclude with a discussion on empowerment’s relationship to retention and share suggestions for how student affairs educators may engage in student-centered and student–initiated programming to foster critical knowledge construction, community and identity formation, and leadership.
Exploring Leishmania major Inositol Phosphorylceramide Synthase (LmjIPCS): Insights into the ceramide binding domain (2011)

The synthesis of set of ceramide analogues exploring hydrophobicity in the acyl chains and the degree and nature of hydroxylation is described. These have been assayed against the parasitic protozoan enzyme LmjIPCS. These studies showed that whilst the C-3 hydroxyl group was not essential for turnover it provided enhanced affinity. Reflecting the membrane bound nature of the enzyme a long (C(13)) hydrocarbon ceramide tail was necessary for both high affinity and turnover. Whilst the N-acyl chain also contributed to affinity, analogues lacking the amide linkage functioned as competitive inhibitors in both enzyme and cell-based assays. A model that accounts for this observation is proposed.
Recording of Variable-Area Soundtracks Using a Laser Light-Modulating Device (1980)

A quick-response light-modulating device would be useful for extending the frequency range possible in recording variable-area soundtracks. A laser light-modulating device based on a new principle has been constructed. The deflection angle of the laser beam is kept constant, independent of the level of the recorded sound signal; the variable-area soundtrack is produced by an optical shutter controlled by pulse-width-modulated signals. The block diagram and optical scheme of the device are given and its operation is explained. A laboratory unit is described and a recording obtained experimentally is illustrated. Several advantages of the new device are indicated.
SEIR MODEL FOR TRANSMISSION OF DENGUE FEVER IN SELANGOR MALAYSIA (2012)

In this paper, we study a system of differential equations that models the population dynamics of SEIR vector transmission of dengue fever. The model studied breeding value based on the number of reported cases of dengue fever in Selangor because the state had the highest case in Malaysia. The model explains that maximum level of human infection rate of dengue fever achieved in a very short period. It is also revealed that there existed suitability result between theoretical and empirical calculation using the model. The result of SEIR model will hopefully provide an insight into the spread of dengue fever in Selangor Malaysia and basic form for modeling this area.
Frequency and spatially adaptive wavelet packets (2002)

We consider a method for image compression based on frequency and spatially adaptive wavelet packets. We present a new fast directed acyclic graph (DAG) structured decomposition, with both spatial segmentation and orthogonal frequency branching from each node. Whereas traditional wavelet packet decomposition adapts to a global frequency distribution, this technique finds the best joint spatial segmentation and local frequency basis. The algorithm is derived from the fast double tree algorithm proposed by Herley, et. al. (see IEE Transactions on Signal Processing, December 1993), for 1-D signals, with an extension to 2-D and modification to include spatial segmentation of frequency nodes. By collecting redundant nodes in this full adaptive tree, we have derived a directed acyclic graph (DAG) structure which contains the same number of nodes as the double tree, but includes new connections between nodes. We present the adaptive wavelet packet DAG algorithm and examine image compression performance on test images.
Zeta potential in oil-water-carbonate systems and its impact on oil recovery during controlled salinity water-flooding (2016)

Laboratory experiments and field trials have shown that oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs can be increased by modifying the brine composition injected during recovery in a process termed controlled salinity water-flooding (CSW). However, CSW remains poorly understood and there is no method to predict the optimum CSW composition. This work demonstrates for the first time that improved oil recovery (IOR) during CSW is strongly correlated to changes in zeta potential at both the mineral-water and oil-water interfaces. We report experiments in which IOR during CSW occurs only when the change in brine composition induces a repulsive electrostatic force between the oil-brine and mineral-brine interfaces. The polarity of the zeta potential at both interfaces must be determined when designing the optimum CSW composition. A new experimental method is presented that allows this. Results also show for the first time that the zeta potential at the oil-water interface may be positive at conditions relevant to carbonate reservoirs. A key challenge for any model of CSW is to explain why IOR is not always observed. Here we suggest that failures using the conventional (dilution) approach to CSW may have been caused by a positively charged oil-water interface that had not been identified.
Diamond anvil cell and high-pressure physical investigations (1983)

The present status of high-pressure research with the diamond anvil cell (DAC) is reviewed in this article, mainly from an experimental aspect. After a brief description of the different types of DAC's that are currently in vogue, the techniques used in conjunction with the DAC in modern high-pressure research are presented. These include techniques for low- and high-temperature studies, x-ray diffractometry, spectroscopy with the DAC, and other measurements. Results on selected materials, with a view to illustrating the physics behind high-pressure phenomena, are presented and discussed. These include metal-semiconductor transitions, electronic transitions, phonons and high-pressure lattice dynamics, and phase transitions. A whole section is devoted to the behavior of condensed gases, principally ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, and rare-gas solids. The concluding section briefly deals with speculations on ultra-high-pressure research with the DAC in the future.
Using the Callback Function Realization Touch Screen Gestures Recognition of Computer (2011)

Callback function of the software design is a kind of very important function call in some way, application of its role is irreplaceable. Using the callback function can improve the software structure and improve software reusability, still can realize the program of communication between complex. Callback function can put the caller and caller separate, caller don't care who is called, all it needs to know, but there is a certain specific prototype, certain constraints (int) as the return value is the called function, reduce the coupling between the module. Based on this, the paper through the callback function has realized the computer touch screen gestures recognition, greatly improving the software reusability and flexibility.
Kinematic time-invariant control of a 2D nonholonomic vehicle (2003)

A closed loop, time-invariant and globally stable control law for a bicycle-like kinematic model is proposed. The resulting paths are smooth and the curvature bounded on the whole state space trajectories. As linear velocity can be kept arbitrary small, thus avoiding large lateral accelerations and actuator saturation problems, it is suggested that the proposed law may be also adopted for the planar control of autonomous underwater vehicles. The target configuration is always approached on a straight line and the vehicle is requested to move in only one specified forward direction thus avoiding cusps in the paths and satisfying a major requirement for the implementation of such strategy on many real systems.
Sequence-specific DNA nicking endonucleases (2015)

A group of small HNH nicking endonucleases (NEases) was discovered recently from phage or prophage genomes that nick double-stranded DNA sites ranging from 3 to 5 bp in the presence of Mg2+ or Mn2+. The cosN site of phage HK97 contains a gp74 nicking site AC↑CGC, which is similar to AC↑CGR (R=A/G) of N.ϕGamma encoded by Bacillus phage Gamma. A minimal nicking domain of 76 amino acid residues from N.ϕGamma could be fused to other DNA binding partners to generate chimeric NEases with new specificities. The biological roles of a few small HNH endonucleases (HNHE, gp74 of HK97, gp37 of ϕSLT, ϕ12 HNHE) have been demonstrated in phage and pathogenicity island DNA packaging. Another group of NEases with 3- to 7-bp specificities are either natural components of restriction systems or engineered from type IIS restriction endonucleases. A phage group I intron-encoded HNH homing endonucleases, I-PfoP3I was found to nick DNA sites of 14-16 bp. I-TslI encoded by T7-like ΦI appeared to nick DNA sites with a 9-bp core sequence. DNA nicking and labeling have been applied to optical mapping to aid genome sequence assembly and detection of large insertion/deletion mutations in genomic DNA of cancer cells. Nicking enzyme-mediated amplification reaction has been applied to rapid diagnostic testing of influenza A and B in clinical setting and for construction of DNA-based Boolean logic gates. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-ribonucleoprotein complex consisting of engineered Cas9 nickases in conjunction with tracerRNA:crRNA or a single-guide RNA have been successfully used in genome modifications.
A Preliminary Study Into Turbofan Performance With Lp-Hp Power Exchange (2018)

Once an engine is designed, its Low Pressure (LP) and High Pressure (HP) shaft speeds are inevitably thermodynamically coupled which imposes certain operational constraints. These spools are not mechanically connected, however, in future more electric aircraft with electrical machines linked to both HP and LP shafts it is possible to transfer power between them electrically seeking for optimized operation depending on Engine Operating Mode (EOM). This paper investigates possible achievements of the novel configuration of power circulation between shafts using turbofan model, developed by Inter-Component Volume (ICV) method. Results show that a considerable improvement can be achieved not only in fuel consumption but also in surge margin of compressors along with providing ability to have compatible thrust with flight mission.
Important variable assessment and electricity price forecasting based on regression tree models: classification and regression trees, Bagging and Random Forests (2015)

Electricity price forecasting has become the focus of considerable interest in a deregulated energy market. In this study, regression tree‐based models: classification and regression trees, Bagging and Random Forests have been built and used to identify the variables dominating the marginal price of the commodity as well as for short‐term (one hour and day ahead) electricity price forecasting for the Spanish–Iberian market. Different prediction models are proposed including the main features of the market such as load, hydro and thermal generation and from available, wind energy production, of strategic interest in the Spanish market. In addition other explanatory variables are considered as lagged prices, as well as hour, day, month and year indicators. In the study, hourly data from 2000–2011 corresponding to 22 variables have been used. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed ensemble of tree‐based models which emerge as an alternative and promising tool, competitive with other existing methods.
Hydraulics of skimming flows over stepped channels and spillways (1994)

Abstract Stepped chutes have become recently a popular method for discharging flood waters. The steps increase significantly the rate of energy dissipation taking place on the spillway face and reduce the size of the required downstream energy dissipation basin. This paper reviews the hydraulic characteristics of skimming flows. The onset of skimming flows is discussed. New results are presented to estimate the flow resistance along stepped chutes. The study indicates some major difference between the flow patterns on steep and flat stepped chutes. An analogy with flow over large roughness is developed. Then the calculations of the start of air entrainment are detailed. The results indicate that free surface aeration occurs much more upstream than on smooth spillways. The effects of flow aeration are later discussed.
Application of automated image analysis to the identification and extraction of recyclable plastic bottles (2009)

An experimental machine vision apparatus was used to identify and extract recyclable plastic bottles out of a conveyor belt. Color images were taken with a commercially available Webcam, and the recognition was performed by our homemade software, based on the shape and dimensions of object images. The software was able to manage multiple bottles in a single image and was additionally extended to cases involving touching bottles. The identification was fulfilled by comparing the set of measured features with an existing database and meanwhile integrating various recognition techniques such as minimum distance in the feature space, self-organized maps, and neural networks. The recognition system was tested on a set of 50 different bottles and provided so far an accuracy of about 97% on bottle identification. The extraction of the bottles was performed by means of a pneumatic arm, which was activated according to the plastic type; polyethylene-terephthalate (PET) bottles were left on the conveyor belt, while non-PET bottles were extracted. The software was designed to provide the best compromise between reliability and speed for real-time applications in view of the commercialization of the system at existing recycling plants.
Multifunctional Telodendrimer Nanocarriers Restore Synergy of Bortezomib and Doxorubicin in Ovarian Cancer Treatment (2017)

We have developed multifunctional nanoparticles for codelivery of bortezomib and doxorubicin to synchronize their pharmacokinetic profiles and synergize their activities in solid tumor treatment, a need still unmet in the clinic. Micellar nanoparticles were formed by a spatially segregated, linear-dendritic telodendrimer containing three segments: a hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG), a bortezomib-conjugating intermediate, and a dendritic doxorubicin-affinitive interior. Bortezomib-conjugated telodendrimers, together with doxorubicin, self-assembled into monodispersed micelles [NP(BTZ-DOX)] with small particle sizes (20-30 nm) for dual drug delivery. NP(BTZ-DOX) displayed excellent drug-loading capacity and stability, which minimized premature drug leakage and synchronized drug release profiles. Bortezomib release was accelerated significantly by acidic pH, facilitating drug availability in the acidic tumor microenvironment. Synergistic anticancer effects of combined bortezomib and doxorubicin were observed <i>in vitro</i> against both multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer cells. NP(BTZ-DOX) prolonged payload circulation and targeted tumors <i>in vivo</i> efficiently with superior signal ratios of tumor to normal organs. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> proteasome inhibition analysis and biodistribution studies revealed decreased toxicity and efficient intratumoral bortezomib and doxorubicin delivery by nanoformulation. NP(BTZ-DOX) exhibited significantly improved ovarian cancer treatment in SKOV-3 xenograft mouse models in comparison with free drugs and their combinations, including bortezomib and Doxil. In summary, tumor-targeted and synchronized delivery system elicits enhanced anticancer effects and merits further development in the clinical setting. <i>Cancer Res; 77(12); 3293-305. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Synthesis of Novel Quinolinecarboxamide Derivatives with Estrogenic Activity (2003)

Fl., Byolyang-dong, Kwacheon-shi, Kyonggi-do 427-040, KoreaReceived January 29, 2003Key Words : Estrogen, Quinolinecarboxamide derivatives, Virtual screening, Functional group, Estrogenreceptor (ER) Even though estrogens have a well-established role in thegrowth of hormone-dependant tumors by the estrogenreceptor (ER)-dependant mitogenic effect in cells containingER,
Sliding mode based differential flatness control and state estimation of vehicle active suspensions (2009)

In this paper the vibration attenuation problem in automotive suspension systems is presented. A robust active vibration control strategy based on sliding mode and differential flatness control techniques is proposed as a solution alternative of this problem. This active vibration control scheme only requires position measurements of the wheel and car body. State algebraic on-line estimation is used to avoid the use of sensors of acceleration and velocity. Simulation results are included to show the dynamic performance and robustness of the proposed active suspension system.
Fingerprint classification using a deep convolutional neural network (2018)

Biometric systems detect authenticity based on users' distinct physiological or behavioral characteristics for purposes of identification and access control. These pattern recognition systems are difficult to bypass when compared to traditional token or password based systems. This paper is proposing a new deep learning architecture for fingerprint recognition. The proposed architecture comprises of a pre-processing stage for extracting texture features from fingerprints, and this stage is performed by using histogram equalization, Gabor enhancement and fingerprint thinning. The pre-processed fingerprints are input into a Deep Convolutional Neural Network classifier. The proposed approach has achieved 98.21% classification accuracy with 0.9 loss. The obtained accuracy is significantly higher than previously reported results on the same dataset, 77%.