gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
63.4L: <i>Late‐News Paper</i> : New Technology for Thinner Cover Glass Substrates: Improvement of Surface Strength by Polishing after Chemical Strengthening (2013)

Abstract Recently, thinner cover glass is required therefore the glass strength is more important. It was found that surface polishing after chemical strengthening improved surface strength. In chemical strengthening process hydrogen enters the glass surface and creates chemical defects. Surface strength is improved by removing them.
Keck Spectroscopy and<i>Hubble Space Telescope</i>Imaging of GRB 000926: Probing a Host Galaxy at<i>z</i>= 2.038 (2003)

We present early-time Keck spectroscopic observations and late-time Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging of GRB 000926. The HST images show a small offset between the optical transient and a bright, compact knot in the host galaxy. Combined with the large equivalent widths measured for metallic absorption lines by the Keck Echellette Spectrograph and Imager (ESI) and the Low Resolution Imaging Spectrometer, this indicates that the GRB exploded inside a region of high stellar density. The ESI spectroscopy reveals two absorption systems centered at z = 2.0379 ± 0.0008 with a velocity separation of 168 km s^(-1), which we interpret as being due to individual features in the host galaxy. The ratios of chromium to zinc equivalent widths indicate that the host is depleted in dust relative to local values to a similar degree as damped Lyα systems at the same redshift.
Condensation of a 1,3,5-triketone with primary amines to form diketo enamines or diketo imines. Cyclization to form N-aryl-4-pyridones (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCondensation of a 1,3,5-triketone with primary amines to form diketo enamines or diketo imines. Cyclization to form N-aryl-4-pyridonesSandra Boatman, Roy Elmer Smith, Gene F. Morris, William G. Kofron, and Charles R. HauserCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 12, 3817–3821Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01287a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01287a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views209Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Über die gemeinsame Einwirkung von elementarem Schwefel und gasförmigem Ammoniak auf Ketone, XXIII Synthese von 1.2.4‐Trithiolanen und 1.2.4.5‐Tetrathianen (1959)

Abstract Bei der gemeinsamen Einwirkung von S, H 2 S und NH 3 bzw. Aminen auf aliphatische Oxoverbindungen entstehen 1.2.4‐Trithiolane Nomenklatur nach den Nomenklatur‐Regeln für Organische Chemie der Internationalen Union für reine und angewandte Chemie, Bull. Soc. chim. France 1958, 1252.
Nonlocal potentials and the quadrupole moment of the deuteron (1976)

It is demonstrated that for nonlocal potentials the quadrupole moment of the deuteron is not determined by the parameters which describe the scattering in the 3S1-3D1 state.
<i>Arabidopsis</i> cytochrome P450s that catalyze the first step of tryptophan-dependent indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis (2000)

Plants synthesize numerous secondary metabolites that are used as developmental signals or as defense against pathogens. Tryptophan (Trp)-derived secondary metabolites include camalexin, indole glucosinolates, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA); however, the steps in their synthesis from Trp or its precursors remain unclear. We have identified two Arabidopsis cytochrome P450s (CYP79B2 and CYP79B3) that can convert Trp to indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx), a precursor to IAA and indole glucosinolates.
High-resolution 3D OCT imaging with a MEMS scanning endoscope (2005)

Three-dimensional imaging is achieved by optical coherence tomography (OCT) integrated with a two-axis MEMS scanner to enable noninvasive volume imaging of biological tissues. The longitudinal scan is obtained by optical coherence interferometry. The transverse scan is obtained by tilting the two-axis MEMS mirror to scan the optical beam across the target. High-resolution OCT imaging has enabled in vivo observation of tissue architectural layers and differentiation of normal from tumor lesions within the human gastrointestinal tract. MEMS scanner based catheters with distal beam scanning can image with higher speed, precision, and repeatability than conventional linear scanning catheters. In this work, a 1-mm diameter MEMS scanning mirror with collimator and focusing optics is integrated into a compact 5-mm diameter package that is compatible with limited space in the endoscope. A large fill factor mirror provides high aperture over large scan angle and frequencies of hundreds of Hz in both axes. Using a broadband femtosecond laser light source, high axial image resolution of ~5 um is achieved at 1.06 um wavelength. Transverse resolution of ~ 12-um is demonstrated for cross-sectional image with the endoscope.
Electron paramagnetic resonance study of hydrogen-incorporated ultrananocrystalline diamond thin films (2007)

Hydrogen-incorporated ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) thin films have been deposited in microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) system with various hydrogen concentrations in the Ar/CH4 gas mixture, and characterized by several techniques including electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and dc conductivity measurements. The EPR spectrum of diamond film was composed of two Lorentzian lines with different g factors. When hydrogen concentration in the plasma increased during diamond growth, the spin density of the narrow line decreased, whereas the spin density of the broad signal remained roughly constant. We propose that the two EPR components can be attributed to two different phases in the diamond film, i.e., the narrow line is originated from the highly defective grain boundary region and the broad line is related to the defects in the diamond grains.
Propeller-shaped molecules with giant off-resonance optical nonlinearities (2001)

Propeller-shaped molecules based on a triphenylbenzene crux bearing three oligomeric phenylenevinylene branches have been designed; very large first-order hyperpolarisabilities (up to ∥β∥ = 800 10−30 esu) were obtained while maintaining wide transparency in the visible region by taking advantage and boosting of intramolecular charge transfer between the centre and the periphery.
Protein tyrosine phosphatases: their role in signal transduction and disease (1993)

Protein tyrosine phosphatases: their role in signal transduction and disease Get access J. Dixon J. Dixon Department of Biological Chemistry, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Protein Engineering, Design and Selection, Volume 6, Issue Supplement, 1993, Page 73, https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/6.Supplement.73-a Published: 01 January 1993
Analysis of an Ultrathin Graphite-Based Compact Heat Exchanger (2012)

The emerging production of ultrathin graphite material is applied to thermal management in a numerical comparison of aluminum and graphite-based plate-fin heat exchangers. Considering anisotropic thermal conductivity in which out-of-plane transport is about two orders of magnitude lower than in-plane values, the ultrathin graphite-based solution outperforms aluminum by rejecting up to 20% more heat on a volumetric basis. Thermal and hydraulic performance is characterized for both solutions over a range of airflow rates in a notional water/air device. Laminar through fully turbulent regimes are considered. Steady and unsteady three-dimensional (3-D) conjugate simulations reveal a faster equilibration rate for the ultrathin graphite-based solution, minimizing thermal lag that must be accounted for in on-demand electronics cooling. Fin optimization studies predict equivalent conductance with graphite at one-tenth the thickness of aluminum. The combination of improved heat rejection, rapid response rate, and low material density make an ultrathin graphite-based solution uniquely suited to aerospace thermal management.
Ebsd Investigation Of Friction Stir Welded Duplex Stainless Steel (2010)

Electron back-scattered diffraction was used to follow the evolution of microstructure from the base metal to the stir zone (SZ) in a duplex stainless steel subjected to friction stir welding. In the stir zone (SZ), a continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) was evidenced for ferrite, while it was suggested that a static recrystallization together with CDRX may occur for austenite. It was found that ferrite and austenite grains in the SZ take a typical shear texture of bcc and fcc materials respectively.
Amplification of invasiveness in organotypic cultures after NBT-II rat bladder carcinoma stimulation with in vitro scattering factors. (1991)

Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) or transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), in addition to being mitogenic, induce individual scattering of NBT-II rat bladder carcinoma cell clusters on tissue culture dishes, suggesting that they may contribute to tumor cell dissemination. To assay their scattering potential and their effect on cell invasiveness in a more complex and physiologically relevant model, we analyzed the behavior of NBT-II spheroids confronted with urinary bladder in organotypic cultures. NBT-II spheroids progressively replaced the urothelium at the site of contact with the bladder explant. In the absence of aFGF or TGF-alpha, inserted cells grew in a pattern suggestive of local hyperplasia, with occasional invasive cell protrusions. Exogenous scattering growth factors elicited a more rapid appearance of these protrusions, which were also more numerous. NBT-II cells transfected with cDNA constructs bearing the gene of aFGF, TGF-alpha or the oncogene hst/KFGF were also used. After exogenous or autocrine stimulation of NBT-II cells with the growth factors, a deeper penetration of the bladder wall in the form of nodular outgrowths and clusters of infiltrating cells was always observed. Altogether these observations suggest that the stimulation of NBT-II clusters by scattering/growth factors can promote cell shedding and amplify invasiveness in the complex extracellular environment of bladder tissues.
Meta Analysis of Clinical Studies of Pregnancy and Delivery in Elderly Gravida (2006)

Objective: Our purpose was to identify the age-related inceased risks of the elderly gravida over 35 or 40 years at delivery by clarifying the effects of age and parity, their combination, and their interaction and the relationships of other complications. Methods: We have made meta analysis about general and clinical characteristics of elderly gravida over the aged 35 or 40 years, based on the 7 domestic theses since 1996 year at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Results: The results were obtained as follows; In elderly gravida over the aged 35 or 40 years at delivery, maternal and neonatal outcomes were generally good, but in study group, there were a high incidence of gestational (preterm delivery, fetal presentation, pregnancy- induced hypertension, gestational diadetes, placenta previa, premature rupture of membranes) complications, uterine myoma during pregnancy and low birth weight in neonate after delivery. Conclusion: The increased risks of the elderly gravida over the aged 35 or 40 years at delivery may have been overshadowed by the previous focus on the elderly nullipara. In spite of high incidence of maternal morbidity, the overall maternal and neonatal outcomes were generally good. It is important to recognize what is more important in age-related pregnant-risks of the elderly gravida over the aged 35 or 40 years at delivery to appropriate counsel and manage this group of patients. This informations may be helpful for counsel in elderly gravida over the aged 35 or 40 years who are considering pregnancy.
Session 09 Senescence and abscission (1994)

Biologia plantarum, an international journal for experimental botany founded in 1959 by Professor Bohumil NÄmec. Covers all branches of experimental botany ranging from molecular biology and biotechnology to whole-plant and stand functioning.
SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ERBIUM-INCLUDED MESOPOROUS MATERIALS FOR OPTICAL AMPLIFICATION (2004)

We have synthesized erbium-included mesoporous materials to enhance optical amplification gain in Er 3+ -doped silica materials. Various mesoporous materials such as MCM-41, MCM-48 or SBA-15 were prepared and then erbium ions were filled into the empty pores in the mesoporous materials via sol-gel process through the external modification of the mesoporous materials. All erbium-included mesoporous materials exhibit the near infrared emission band around 1530 nm, corresponding to the characteristic 4 I 13/2 → 4 I 15/2 transition of erbium ions. The characteristic emission intensity of erbium ions increases with the concentration of Er 3+ ions in the erbium-included mesoporous materials.
Osteoblast Activity around Failed Total Hip Replacements: Synovial Fluid Levels of Osteocalcin and Alkaline Phosphatase (1995)

An understanding of the pathogenesis of aseptic loosening is critical to its prevention. Though many studies have focused on the increase in bone resorption, few have examined osteoblastic activity in loosened arthroplasties. In this study, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, two well-described osteoblast markers, were measured in synovial fluid samples from patients with either primary osteoarthrosis (OA) or failed hip replacements. Osteocalcin levels were significantly reduced in failed arthroplasties as compared to primary OA (p < 0.05) with mean (SEM) values of 3.13 ng/ml (0.874) and 6.84 ng/ml (1.24) respectively. The mean (SEM) alkaline phosphatase activity was 0.436 mol/ml/15min (0.127) in revisions and 0.712 (0.199) in primary OA (NS). There was poor correlation between osteocalcin concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity (r =0.16, p<0.05). These data suggest that in addition to enhanced bone resorption, osteoblastic bone formation may also be reduced in periprosthetic bone and as such may play a key role in the pathogenesis of aseptic loosening.
Rotor Dynamic Improvement for a Locomotive Turbocharger (2003)

Turbocharger designs typically incorporate fixed-geometry hydrodynamic bearings. These bearings are known to be prone to exhibit sub-synchronous vibration response. This self-induced sub-synchronous vibration component is due to stiffness cross-coupling in the bearings and is independent of the level of rotor unbalance. This type of vibration has been shown to have the potential to destabilize the rotor-bearing system and inducing rapid growth in the vibration amplitude that could lead to mechanical failure. The present work considers the bearing redesign for a locomotive turbocharger with the objective of eliminating sub-synchronous vibration components by increasing the threshold onset speed with no increase in cost or bearing size. The paper describes the characterization of the original design, the optimization of the new bearing design and the experimental validation. As shown in the results, the optimized bearing configuration eliminated the sub-synchronous vibration component within the turbocharger speed range.
Die maskierte Gesellschaft (2020)

Wer in diesen Tagen mit offenen Augen durch die Straßen geht, kommt aus dem Staunen nicht mehr heraus. Viele Menschen, jung und alt, tragen Masken aller Art und aller Farben. Die Maskenvielfalt kennt keine Grenzen. Jeder trägt die Maske, wie er meint: Manche bedecken nahezu das ganze Gesicht, andere nur den Mund, manche liegen dicht an, andere stehen weit ab. Jede Art medizinischer Masken wird getragen, chirurgischer Mund-Nasen-Schutz, FFP-Masken, ohne und mit Ventil. Die meisten tragen Stoffmasken.
MO‐D‐201C‐01: Advances in MR: State of the Art Today and Future Directions — MR Instrumentation (2010)

Even though Magnetic Resonance as a modality is now several decades old, instrumentation continues to advance at a vigorous pace. The purpose of this presentation is to review recent advances in the current state of the art and to discuss directions of continued progress. The main magnet continues to be the central platform component from the standpoint of cost and footprint. There has been steady increase in the number of clinical systems at higher field strength (e.g., 3T vs. 1.5T), and the expected increase in signal‐to‐noise ratio is now being realized. Another significant trend has been the increase in bore diameter and decrease in magnet length, both of which are appreciated by patients. A number of systems for human in‐vivo studies at even higher field strength (e.g., 7T) are now in use. These present significant technical challenges that are being addressed, especially in B0 and B1 homogeneity and in RF power deposition. The number of channels used for simultaneous signal reception also continues to increase, with related improvements in SNR and imaging speed through parallel imaging. A newer development is simultaneous RF transmission. This new field of “parallel transmission” promises to overcome problems with B1 homogeneity and perhaps power deposition. Hybrid systems that combine MR with other diagnostic or therapeutic modalities are also receiving attention. Among these hybrids are MR guided focused ultrasound, MR/PET, X‐ray/MR hybrids, and systems for MR guided radiation therapy systems Learning Objectives: 1. Recognize recent technology trends in Magnetic Resonance 2. Understand the benefits and disadvantages of parallel excitation and reception 3. Understand the challenges in combined modality systems 4. Examine possible future directions for Magnetic Resonance Research sponsored by GE Healthcare.
MA system identification from bispectrum (1994)

It is shown that MA (moving average) system identification from the bispectrum is, in principle, very simple and almost trivial. That is, a constant multiple of the whole impulse response of an MA system does appear as a part of the output bispectrum of the MA system.
Elimination of gadolinium–DTPA by peritoneal dialysis (1995)

Magnetic resonance urography (MRU) after i.v. injection of gadolinium-DTPA (0.1 mmol/kg bodyweight) was performed in a patient with transplant dysfunction after renal allograft transplantation. Renal replacement therapy was accomplished by means of peritoneal dialysis. Gadolinium-DTPA concentrations in urine and dialysate were measured repeatedly during a 48-h period with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The total 24-h creatinine clearance was 10.8 ml/min on day 1 and 13.7 ml/min on day 2. The corresponding total gadolinium clearance was 12.8 ml/min and 15.8 ml/min respectively. Gadolinium-DTPA was removed from the body through peritoneal dialysis at a mean clearance rate of 5.13 ml/min. Plasma half-life of gadolinium-DTPA was prolonged to 9 h. No side-effects due to gadolinium-DTPA were noted. MRU provided a better visualization of the morphology of the urinary tract than scintigraphic studies. By measuring the changes of signal intensity, the gadolinium excretion could be calculated.
Visualization of calcium activity in nerve cells (1995)

Calcium plays an important role in many cellular functions. This investigation of its role in nervous system behavior uses imaging techniques, confocal microscopy, and the VolVis volume visualization system. The use of VolVis provided substantial assistance in the study of cellular calcium dynamics and in monitoring neural network activity. It yielded geometric details that facilitated our understanding of the behavior of calcium indicators inside nerve cells and led to a new view of the calcium permeability of the nuclear envelope. It has also produced anatomical details that significantly facilitated the development of a technique to directly visualize the activity of neuron populations while simultaneously observing vertebrate behavior.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chemical reactions involved in the deep fat frying of foods. II. Identification of acidic volatile decomposition products of corn oil (1967)

Abstract Chemical identification of the volatile decomposition products (VDP) produced by fats and oils under conditions of deep fat frying is important for the elucidation of the mechanisms of thermal oxidation, for the study of their effects upon human nutrition, and for their contribution to the deep fat fried flavor of foods. The acidic VDP produced by corn oil maintained at 185C for 30 hr with periodic frying of moist cotton balls and with addition of fresh oil to replenish the oil lost due to evaporation, decomposition, and adsorption by the cotton balls were fractionated by repeated gas chromatography. The gas chromatographic fractions were identified by IR and mass spectrometry. A total of 30 acids were characterized. They consisted of 12 n‐aliphatic saturated acids, seven 2‐enoic acids, one 3‐enoic acid, three keto acids, two hydroxy acids, four dicarboxylic acid and one aromatic acid. It is suggested that the effects of some of these acids upon human nutrition be studied.
<title>Influence of different laser wavelengths on the ablation characteristics of healthy dentin</title> (1994)

Engaging four different pulsed laser systems emitting in the near ultraviolet (wavelength 355 nm, wavelength 377 nm), in the near infrared (wavelength 755 nm), and in the mid infrared (wavelength 2.9 micrometers ) spectral region ablation thresholds of healthy dentin were determined. During experiments with an Alexandrite-laser (wavelengths 377 nm and 755 nm) a pulse duration of 200 ns was used, whereas at wavelength 355 nm pulse duration was fixed at 9 ns and at wavelength 2.9 micrometers pulse duration was set to 200 ns again. Using laser wavelengths which are well absorbed by the target (near UV, mid infrared) two well defined ablation thresholds could be detected. Due to low absorption of near infrared wavelengths in healthy dentin, high fluences must be engaged for ablation of healthy dentin. In this spectral region only a more or less statistically appearing ablation threshold can be observed. Caused by high fluences unpredictable plasma formation takes place. Even so, short pulse duration leads to high peak power, thus originating plasma.
Pressure Dependence of the Phase Transitions in Tetrathiafulvalene-Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF-TCNQ): Evidence for a Longitudinal Lockin at 20 kbar (1978)

We report the pressure dependence of the three phase transitions in TTF-TCNQ as determined by resistivity measurements. There is only one transition above 15 kbar, and we find a 4-kbar regime centered at 20 kbar where the transition temperature peaks (the distortion temperature ${T}_{d}=71$ K at 20 kbar), and the transition is first order. We suggest that there is a commensurate \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3 superlattice in this pressure regime resulting from an increase in charge transfer to $\frac{2}{3}$.