gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Folding Nucleus of the Insulin Superfamily (2006)

Oxidative folding of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and single-chain insulin analogs proceeds via one- and two-disulfide intermediates. A predominant one-disulfide intermediate in each case contains the canonical A20-B19 disulfide bridge (cystines 18-61 in IGF-I and 19-85 in human proinsulin). Here, we describe a disulfide-linked peptide model of this on-pathway intermediate. One peptide fragment (19 amino acids) spans IGF-I residues 7-25 (canonical positions B8-B26 in the insulin superfamily); the other (18 amino acids) spans IGF-I residues 53-70 (positions A12-A21 and D1-D8). Containing only half of the IGF-I sequence, the disulfide-linked polypeptide (designated IGF-p) is not well ordered. Nascent helical elements corresponding to native alpha-helices are nonetheless observed at 4 degrees C. Furthermore, (13)C-edited nuclear Overhauser effects establish transient formation of a native-like partial core; no non-native nuclear Overhauser effects are observed. Together, these observations suggest that early events in the folding of insulin-related polypeptides are nucleated by a native-like molten subdomain containing Cys(A20) and Cys(B19). We propose that nascent interactions within this subdomain orient the A20 and B19 thiolates for disulfide bond formation and stabilize the one-disulfide intermediate once formed. Substitutions in the corresponding region of insulin are associated with inefficient chain combination and impaired biosynthetic expression. The intrinsic conformational propensities of a flexible disulfide-linked peptide thus define a folding nucleus, foreshadowing the structure of the native state.
Estimation robuste et matrices aléatoires (2016)

Cet article propose une revue de littérature des récentes avancées en estimation robuste de matrices de dispersion vue sous l’angle de la théorie des grandes matrices aléatoires. Une exposition des résultats théoriques sera effectuée avant de proposer des applications aux domaines des statistiques et du traitement du signal. Les résultats théoriques montrent qu’alors que les estimateurs robustes de matrices de dispersion prennent une forme implicite et ainsi difficile à analyser, dans le régime des grandes matrices aléatoires où la grande taille des échantillons est commensurable à leur nombre, ces estimateurs tendent à se comporter de manière similaire à des modèles matriciels aléaoires simples. Cette observation se traduit par l’apparition de nombreuses propriétés statistiques liées à ces estimateurs. En termes applicatifs, les estimateurs robustes de matrices de dispersion ont une longue histoire en tant qu’éléments structurants permettant d’appréhender des données à queues lourdes ou contenant des observations aberrantes. Cette gestion des impulsivités des données est mieux comprise ici sous l’angle des grandes matrices aléatoires et permet d’introduire des méthodes d’estimation robustes en traitement d’antennes, optimisation de portefeuilles, etc.
Analog circuits sizing using bipartite graphs (2011)

This paper presents a new formalization of a hierarchical methodology for the sizing and biasing of analog IPs using bipartite directed acyclic graphs. This methodology allows to generate suitable sizing procedures that respect designer hypothesis and circuit topology. A library of simulator-based sizing and biasing operators using compact MOS models is used to ensure accurate sizing over different technologies. The bipartite graph formalization enables the designer to have sufficient insight on the sizing steps. Using this methodology with bipartite graphs, we sized and retargeted an amplifier from a 130nm to a 65nm process, then a low-power amplifier was migrated from an existing 180nm design to a 130nm technology.
Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Lignin Vitrimers with Tunable Mechanical Properties: Circular Polymers and Recoverable Adhesives (2021)

Biobased circular materials are alternatives to fossil-based engineering plastics, but simple and material-efficient synthetic routes are needed for industrial scalability. Here, a series of lignin-based vitrimers built on dynamic acetal covalent networks with a gel content exceeding 95% were successfully prepared in a one-pot, thermally activated, and catalyst-free "click" addition of softwood kraft lignin (SKL) to poly(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether (PDV). The variation of the content of lignin from 28 to 50 wt % was used to demonstrate that the mechanical properties of the vitrimers can be widely tuned in a facile way. The lowest lignin content (28 wt %) showed a tensile strength of 3.3 MPa with 35% elongation at break, while the corresponding values were 50.9 MPa and 1.0% for the vitrimer containing 50 wt % of lignin. These lignin-based vitrimers also exhibited excellent performance as recoverable adhesives for different substrates such as aluminum and wood, with a lap shear test strength of 6.0 and 2.6 MPa, respectively. In addition, recyclability of the vitrimer adhesives showed preservation of the adhesion performance exceeding 90%, indicating a promising potential for their use in sustainable circular materials.
Comparative analysis of RD and Atomistic trap-based BTI models on SRAM Sense Amplifier (2015)

Bias Temperature Instability (BTI) in transistors has become a key reliability bottleneck with sub-45nm CMOS technologies. The most common models to characterize BTI are the Reaction-Diffusion (RD) and Atomistic trap-based models. This paper presents comparative impact analysis of RD and Atomistic trap-based BTI models for the SRAM Sense Amplifier. The evaluation metric, the sensing delay is analyzed for both models for the different workloads and supply voltages for 45nm technology node. The results show that the sensing delay degradation is slightly higher in RD model than Atomistic trap-based model for different workloads. Nevertheless, we observe a similar trend for both models. For example the BTI impact degradation is 6:69% for RD model and 6:57% for Atomistic trap-based model when worst case workload is applied for a 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> s life time.
Dynamic behavior of adsorber membranes for protein recovery (2003)

In recent years there has been a considerable interest in developing membrane chromatography systems that function as a short, wide chromatographic column in which the adsorptive packing consists of one or more microporous membranes. This study reports the use of new adsorber membranes prepared by the incorporation of various types of ion exchange resins into an EVAL porous membrane for protein recovery. The obtained heterogeneous matrixes composed of solid particles surrounded by the polymeric film possess a good accessibility for the protein to the adsorptive sites. Furthermore, small particles can be embedded into porous polymeric structures without the disadvantages of classical chromatographic columns (high pressure drop, fouling and plugging sensitivity, low flow rate), but with the advantages of membrane technology (easy scale-up, low-pressure drop, high flow rate). The adsorptive membranes feature high static as well as dynamic protein adsorption capacities for operating flow rates ranging from 200 to 400 L h bar per m(2) and ionic strength of 20-200 mM. In a sequential desorption step by changing the pH and/or the ionic strength of the eluent, up to 90% protein recovery was obtained. Next to the separation, the mixed matrix adsorber membrane functions as a concentration medium since the protein can be concentrated up to 20-fold in the eluent. The adsorber membranes can be reused in multiple adsorption/desorption cycles with good adsorption performances.
Recent advances in the isolation and reactivity of organogold complexes (2012)

Homogeneous gold catalysis has been one of the most active research fields in organic chemistry for more than a decade, and it has been also among the most efficient methodologies for forming carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bonds. Recently, a number of organogold intermediates were isolated from stoichiometric reactions, which helps to better understand the mechanisms. Meanwhile, the reactivity of organogold compounds has been attracting the attention of organic chemists in the field. This tutorial review collects the most recent advances in the isolation and reactivity of organogold compounds that may help to open new directions in homogenous gold catalysis.
A multi-dimensional investigation of laser conditioning in KDP and DKDP crystals (2005)

We present a multi-parametric experimental investigation of laser conditioning efficiency and behavior in KDP and DKDP crystals as a function of laser wavelength, fluence, number of pulses, and conditioning protocol. Our results expose complex behaviors associated with damage initiation and conditioning at different wavelengths that provide a major step towards revealing the underlying physics. In addition, we reveal the key parameters for optimal improvement to the damage performance from laser conditioning.
Bounds and Asymptotic Results for the Performance of Asynchronous Frequency-Hop Packet Radio Networks (1987)

Abstract : This research is concerned with the throughput performance of fully connected asynchronous frequency-hop packet radio networks. The performance of such networks depends on several factors, but the emphasis in this study is on the effect of the multiple-access interference on system performance. It is assumed, therefore, that there is no other interference on the channel and that perfect side information is available. The frequency hop channel is thus modeled as an erasures-only channel, and bounded distance erasures-only decoding is used. Using the above model, bounds on the error probability are developed, which yield corresponding bounds on the throughput. These bounds are shown to be asymptotically tight at high traffic levels for networks with an infinite population and Poisson traffic. The performance of the unslotted network considered is seen to be asymptotically the same as that of an equivalent slotted network for high traffic levels. It is also shown that the capacity of the channel can be attained using Reed-Solomon coding. These results are valid for both fixed and exponentially distributed packet lengths (the two most commonly used models). For networks with a finite population, bounds on the performance are derived for systems with binomial traffic and fixed-length packets. A more complicated analysis is required for Poisson traffic, since the effect of queuing of packets at each terminal is considered. Bounds and approximations on the throughput are developed for fixed and exponentially distributed packet lengths, and some representative numerical results are presented.
Assembly of gold nanostructured films templated by colloidal crystals and use in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (2002)

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly sensitive technique for quantifying trace amounts of analyte adsorbed at a roughened metal surface. Many techniques, including electrochemical etching and e-beam lithography, have been used previously to produce roughened metallic surfaces. In this work we demonstrate how novel gold nanostructured films, which are simply fabricated using gold nanoparticles and latex microspheres, can be used as highly sensitive SERS substrates. The gold films are templated by 3D colloidal crystals and display long ranged ordered regions. Since the films are porous on two length scales and, therefore, possess a high surface area, we have investigated their SERS activity using sodium cyanide as a model compound. We have integrated these substrates into a flow chamber and demonstrated the quantitative detection of sodium cyanide form 5 to 500 ppb. Our results also reveal that cyanide detection can be significantly enhanced by lowering the pH after cyanide adsorption, likely indicating a conformational change of the bound cyanide. This study illustrates how novel materials formed by simple wet chemistry techniques can be used in practical devices for the detection of chemical agents, and, more generally, illustrates how material design and spectroscopic evaluation can be rapidly integrated.
Two orders of magnitude reduction in silicon membrane thermal conductivity by resonance hybridizations (2018)

The thermal conductivity of a freestanding single-crystal silicon membrane may be reduced significantly by attaching nanoscale pillars on one or both surfaces. Atomic resonances of the nanopillars form vibrons that intrinsically couple with the base membrane phonons causing mode hybridization and flattening at each coupling location in the phonon band structure. This in turn causes group velocity reductions of existing phonons, in addition to introducing new modes that get excited but are localized and do not transport energy. The nanopillars also reduce the phonon lifetimes at and around the hybridization zones. These three effects, which in principle may be tuned to take place across silicon's full spectrum, lead to a lowering of the in-plane thermal conductivity in the base membrane. Using equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, and utilizing the concept of vibrons compensation, we report a staggering two orders of magnitude reduction in the thermal conductivity at room temperature by this mechanism. Specifically, a reduction of a factor of 130 is demonstrated for a roughly 10-nm-thick pillared membrane compared to a corresponding unpillared membrane. This amounts to a record reduction of a factor of 481 compared to bulk crystalline silicon and nearly a factor of 2 compared to bulk amorphous silicon. These results are obtained while providing a path for preserving performance with upscaling.
Long-Term Performance of Stormwater Infiltration Basins (2001)

Decentralization of stormwater management is necessary in order to achieve sustainable urban storm drainage. This research deals with evaluating long-term performance of infiltration basins by modeling their structural and environmental evolution. System modeling is carried out with a LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) point of view. In the first place, system performance is defined. Performance can not be restricted to a simple technical assessment. Sustainable infiltration basins are also environmentally friendly and socially acceptable with a good economic performance. For this reason, technical, environmental, social and economical aspects are included in this definition. Each performance will be assessed with performance indicators. This requires system modeling and on-field observations. A specific model procedure is built for each performance; it is representative of the structural evolution of the technical system.
Influence of geometrical modeling on the results of numerical prediction for the centrifugal compressor with shrouded impeller (2017)

The overall perfomance of a centrifugal compressor prototype stage with shrouded impeller has been measured. Some factors influencing the numerical prediction accuracy and choke mass flow rate have been investigated numerically using different computational models generated by the component superposition method. A structure correction method using the equivalent blade thickness to replace the impeller fillet was proposed and verified. The main goal of this research was to find out a reasonable simulation strategy for the centrifugal compressor with shrouded impeller through assessing the influence of various fine structures and omitted treatments on the overall performance. A peak isentropic efficiency of 80.28% for the compressor stage was obtained experimently while the numerical model with the equivalent blade thickness correction achieved a peak efficiency of 82.02%. The results indicate that the shroud gap and seal, the impeller fillet as well as the blade machining error are the main geometric structure factors to influence the shrouded centrifugal compressor performance. The shroud gap leakage flow decreases the effective throat area of the shrouded impeller, which leads to the decrease of the choke mass flow rate, the acceleration of the fluid in the impeller passage and the reduce of the impeller diffusion ability. At a given exit pressure, the choke mass flow rate decreases with the increase of the impeller blade relative thickness. Using the equivalent blade thickness to replace the impeller fillet can make the compressor maintain an unchanged performance in the small mass flow conditions , but improve the numerical simulation accuracy in the large mass flow conditions.
Network fault tolerant voltage-source-converters for high-voltage applications (2010)

This paper discusses network fault tolerant voltage-source-converters for high-voltage applications.
Mirazid in treatment of three zoonotic trematodes in Beni-Sweif and Dakhalia Governorates. (2010)

A total of 60 patients with schistosomiasis (40), fascialiosis (15) and heterophyiasis (5) were selected Beni-Sweif and Mansoura Districts and subjected to history taking, clinical examination, Kato thick smear, sedimentation and hatching test (for schistosomiasis cases) at the beginning of the study, 2 & 3 months after treatment with Oleo-resin of Myrrh (Mirazid) in a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 6 consecutive days an hour before breakfast. The results showed a significant improvement in symptoms with minimal negligible or no side effects. The cure rates, 2 & 3 months after treatment were 80.7%% & 11.8%% for schistosomiasis, 93.3% & 6.6% for fascioliasis, and 100% for heterophyiasis. The clinical picture of schistosomiasis before treatments were easy fatigability, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, epigastria pain, abdominal distention, right upper guardant pain, colicky abdominal pain, left upper and/or lower guardant pain, abdominal rumbling, dysentery, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, constipation, and alternating bowel habit. Those of fascioliasis were abdominal distention, dripping of saliva, right upper guardant, colicky abdominal pain, weight loss, easy fatigability, intermittent jaundice, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, epigastria, left upper and/or lower quadrant pain, right layer quadrant pain, loin pain, abdominal rumbling, diarrhea, constipation, and alternating bowel habit. The safety and efficacy of C. molmol extract in treating heterophyiasis (100%), fascioliasis (100%) and schistosomiasis (92.5%) were documented.
<title>Time series inference from clustering</title> (2001)

This paper presents a toolbox for analyzing inferences drawn from clustering. Often the implication is that points in different clusters come from different underlying classes, whereas those in the same cluster come from the same class. These classes represent different random vectors. Each random vector is modeled as its mean plus independent noise, sample points are generated, the points are clustered, and the clustering error is the number of points clustered incorrectly according to the generating random vectors. Clustering algorithms are evaluated based on class variance and performance improvement with respect to increasing numbers of experimental replications. The study is presented on a website, which includes error tables and graphs, confusion matrices, principle-component plots, and validation measures. There, the toolbox is applied to gene- expression clustering based on cDNA microarrays using real data.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Ligand Transformations in Cluster Complexes. α‐CH Bond Activation in a Secondary Carbene Ligand in a Triosmium Cluster. (1987)

Abstract The carbene cluster (II) synthesized as shown undergoes a photodecarbonylation to form the μ‐carbyne cluster (III) by an α‐CH bond activation in the carbene ligand of (II).
The Configurations of Benzylmethyl(<i>o</i>- or <i>p</i>-tolyl)silylmethylamine and the Stereochemistry of the Reactions of Benzylmethylmethoxyphenylsilane with Some Organometallic Agents (1982)

Abstract Optically active α-amino organosilanes such as benzylmethyl(o- or p-tolyl)silylmethylamine were converted into benzylmethylphenyl(o- or p-tolyl)silane, of which the configurations had been known. From these observations, it was found that (+)- and (−)-benzylmethyl(o- or p-tolyl)silylmethylamine has S and R configuration respectively. Furthermore, the stereochemistry of the reaction of benzylmethyl(methoxy)phenylsilane with some organometallic agents was investigated.
A linear model of turbulence: reproducing the Kolmogorov-spectrum (2018)

The understanding of turbulent flow and the turbulent energy cascade is a main unresolved problem in physics. To model the energy cascade (which refers to the energy transfer among the different scales of vortices), we introduce a mechanistic turbulence model which is a binary tree of masses and springs, in which the bottom masses are connected to the ground with dampers. The eigenvalue distribution of the system is a devil’s staircase type distribution. The discrete energy spectrum of the mechanistic model is defined and calculated for various mass and stiffness distributions. We find parameters for which the energy spectrum shares the features of the Kolmogorov-spectrum of turbulence.
Production of tumor necrosis factor by intravesical administration of bacillus Calmette Guėrin in patients with superficial bladder cancer (1993)

Although an immune response to bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) has often been associated with antitumor activity, the action mechanism(s) of intravesical BCG therapy for prophylaxis and treatment of superficial bladder cancer is not clearly understood. In an attempt to evaluate the roles of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and lymphotoxin (LT) in the antitumor activity, TNF-alpha productivities by peripheral blood monocytes, serum levels of TNF-alpha, and LT productivities by peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied in superficial bladder cancer patients after six intravesical administrations of BCG. TNF-alpha productivities by peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs were also studied after six intravesical administrations of BCG. The maximum TNF-alpha productivities by peripheral blood monocytes of superficial bladder cancer patients were seen after the fourth week of administration of BCG, and the serum TNF-alpha levels were also slightly increased after intravesical BCG administration in the superficial bladder cancer patients. LT productivities by peripheral blood lymphocytes of superficial bladder cancer patients were significantly enhanced and the maximum LT productivity was also seen after the third or fifth BCG administration. TNF-alpha productivities by peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs were significantly enhanced and the maximum TNF-alpha productivity was seen after the second or third BCG administration. Our data might suggest that six consecutive intravesical BCG administrations could induce the increased productions of TNF-alpha and LT, which might play an important role in the antitumor activity in superficial bladder cancer.