gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The use of relative duration in syntactic disambiguation (1990)

We describe the modification of a grammar to take advantage of prosodic information automatically extracted from speech. The work includes (1) the development of an integer "break index" representation of prosodic phrase boundary information, (2) the automatic detection of prosodic phrase breaks using a hidden Markov model on relative duration of phonetic segments, and (3) the integration of the prosodic phrase break information in SRI's Spoken Language System to rule out alternative parses in otherwise syntactically ambiguous sentences. Initial experiments using ambiguous sentences read by radio announcers achieved good results in both detection and parsing. Automatically detected phrase break indices had a correlation greater than 0.86 with hand-labeled data for speaker-dependent models; and, in a subset of sentences with preposition ambiguities, the number of parses was reduced by 25% with a simple grammar modification.
Corrective models for speech recognition of inflected languages (2006)

This paper presents a corrective model for speech recognition of inflected languages. The model, based on a discriminative framework, incorporates word n-grams features as well as factored morphological features, providing error reduction over the model based solely on word n-gram features. Experiments on a large vocabulary task, namely the Czech portion of the MALACH corpus, demonstrate performance gain of about 1.1--1.5% absolute in word error rate, wherein morphological features contribute about a third of the improvement. A simple feature selection mechanism based on X2 statistics is shown to be effective in reducing the number of features by about 70% without any loss in performance, making it feasible to explore yet larger feature spaces.
Plasma clonidine in relation to blood pressure, catecholamines, and renin activity during long-term treatment of hypertension (1982)

Eight patients with essential hypertension were treated with 50 microgram oral clonidine four times daily for 4 wk followed by 75 to 150 microgram four times daily for another 4 to 16 wk. Before treatment and at the end of each treatment period the patients were hospitalized and their plasma clonidine concentrations (P-CLON) were determined repeatedly during one dosage interval. The relationship of P-CLON to blood pressure, heart rate, plasma norepinephrine (PNE), and plasma renin activity (PRA), as well as to conventional kinetic parameters, was calculated. With the two dosages used the half-life (t 1/2 s) of clonidine absorption were 1.05 and 0.83 hr, the biological t 1/2 s 8.7 and 7.9 hrs, and the total oral clearances 4.7 and 5.0 ml X min-1 X kg-1. The log of P-CLON correlated with the maximum percentage decrease of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) (r = 0.91, P less than 0.001) in five patients, whereas in three patients there was no further decrease of MAP after increase of plasma clonidine level. The logarithm of P-CLON correlated with percentage reduction of PNE (r = 0.67, P less than 0.01). In six patients in whom clonidine induced a reduction of PRA, there was a relationship between log P-CLON and percentage PRA reduction (r = 0.91, P less than 0.001) and also between the percentage PRA and PNE reduction (r = 0.74, P less than 0.01).
Principles and Models of Power Density Distribution in Microwave Oven Loads (1987)

Multi-mode cavity resonances are generally considered the most important phenomenon in transferring energy to the load in microwave ovens. There are, however, other important phenomena, caused by scattering and near-fields. This paper deals with the mulit-mode resonant and some other important field types. Some main areas where sufficient knowledge is not available are described and the main problems in applying simplified models are discussed.
Alkaloid Synthesis: Mearsine (Taylor), Cephalotaxine (Li), Cocaine (Shing), Quinine (Hatakeyama), Cleavamine (Bennasar), Strychnine(Vanderwal) (2013)

Richard J. K. Taylor of the University of York employed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2011, 52, 2024) the Jørgensen protocol to add 2 to 1, to give the enantiomerically enriched cyclohexenone 3. Condensation of 3 with aqueous ammonia led directly to (-)-mearsine 4. Wei-Dong Z. Li of Nankai University found (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 3538) that the intermediate from Dibal reduction of the lactone 5 underwent Nazarov cyclization, giving the α-hydroxy cyclopentenone 6. After acetylation, deprotection gave an amine that cyclized with high diastereocontrol, leading to (±)-cephalotaxine 7. Tony K. M. Shing of the Chinese University of Hong Kong cyclized (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 2916) the aldehyde 8 by exposure to 9. The product 10 was carried on to (-)-cocaine 11, as well as several hydroxylated cocaine derivatives. Susumi Hatakeyama of Nagasaki University found (Tetrahedron Lett. 2011, 52, 923) that exposure of the simple prochiral aldehyde 12 to catalytic proline transformed it, after reduction, into the cyclized diol 13 in high ee. The diol 13 was readily carried on to quinine 14. M.-Lluïsa Bennasar of the University of Barcelona devised (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 2042) Pd-catalyzed conditions for the cyclization of 15 that selectively delivered the unstable kinetic product 18. Selective hydrogenation of the more reactive bridgehead alkene then led to cleavamine 17. The alkene 16 is also prochiral, so it is possible that a catalyst could be found that would deliver 17 in high ee. The synthesis of the heptacyclic alkaloid strychnine 23 would, in the past, have been a major undertaking. Christopher D. Vanderwal of the University of California, Irvine, prepared (Chem. Sci. 2011, 2, 649) 23 in just six linear steps. The dienyl aldehyde 18 was available in two steps from tryptophyl bromide. Exposure to t -BuOK cyclized 18 to 19. N-deallylation followed by alkylation with 20 provided 21, setting the stage for a truly spectacular Brook rearrangement/conjugate addition, to give the Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde 22. The known condensation with malonic acid completed the preparation of 23.
Multi-scale Analysis of Silicon CVD Process (2000)

We present macro-scale analysis of our study to develop full-scale simulator of the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process of polycrystalline silicon. The gas phase simulation of SiH_4 (silane) decomposition and surface growth simulation of silicon has been carried out using the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. In this simulation the gas mixture of silane and hydrogen forms a free expansion jet through a nozzle orifice and interact with the heated substrate that is set vertically to flow. It is confirmed that the deposition rate is largely affected by the whole flow filed.
Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms are linked to and associated with adult height (2005)

Our results strongly suggest that VDR may be linked to and associated with adult height variation in white populations.
Optical Linear Feature Detection Based on Model Pose. (1995)

Abstract : Low-level edge detection in optical imagery can be problematic in the ATR domain where highly complex scenes are the norm. Feature detection algorithms typically take a global approach, resulting in the discovery of many fragmented lines which are not directly related to stored model information. For this domain, we have taken a top-down approach which searches an optical image for the locally optimal features based on the current hypothesized object pose. The resulting linear features can then be matched against a CAD model.
Involvement of the nuclear proteasome activator PA28γ in the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks (2011)

The DNA damage response (DDR) is a complex signaling network that leads to damage repair while modulating numerous cellular processes. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), a highly cytotoxic DNA lesion, activate this system most vigorously. The DSB response network is orchestrated by the ATM protein kinase, which phosphorylates key players in its various branches. Proteasome-mediated protein degradation plays an important role in the proteome dynamics following DNA damage induction. Here, we identify the nuclear proteasome activator PA28γ (REGγ; PSME3) as a novel DDR player. PA28γ depletion leads to cellular radiomimetic sensitivity and a marked delay in DSB repair. Specifically, PA28γ deficiency abrogates the balance between the two major DSB repair pathways--nonhomologous end-joining and homologous recombination repair. Furthermore, PA28γ is found to be an ATM target, being recruited to the DNA damage sites and required for rapid accumulation of proteasomes at these sites. Our data reveal a novel ATM-PA28γ-proteasome axis of the DDR that is required for timely coordination of DSB repair.
Effet d'une forte irradiation α et d'une recristallisation sur la thermoluminescence d'un verre borosilicaté (1991)

The high sensitivity of thermoluminescence (TL) phenomenon in solid state physics permits to detect radiation damage in vitreous and crystalline solids. This property is used to study radiation damage created by energetical α particles (MeV). Yet published results on pure silica glass are extended to borosilicate glass which is the basic frit of glass used for radioactive waste confinement. These results can be extended owing to the description of radiation damages involved (oxygen defects) and because in TL effects of high α irradiation and of an increase of sodium amount in the glass are the same. It is shown that TL intensity depends on crystallinity level of the sample under study. Such behaviour is general and can be described using a donor/acceptor model. L'extrême sensibilité des phénomènes de thermoluminescence (TL) des solides permet de détecter la présence de défauts dans les solides cristallisés et vitreux. Nous avons utilisé cette propriété pour étudier les défauts d'irradiation créés par des particules α énergétiques. Les résultats déjà obtenus sur un verre de silice pure ont été recherchés sur un borosilicate vitreux de synthèse utilisé comme matrice de base des verres destinés au confinement des produits de fission issus des centrales nucléaires. Les modèles de mécanismes élaborés pour décrire les dommages dans les verres de silice pure ont pu être étendus au borosilicate étudié grâcé à l'identification des dégâts créés (défauts d'oxygène) et par le fait qu'une forte irradiation α conduit en TL à des processus identiques à ceux créés par une augmentation de la concentration en sodium dans le verre. Nous avons pu également montrer que l'intensité de TL d'un matériau vitreux dépend étroitement du taux de cristallinité de l'échantillon étudié. On montre qu'un tel comportement est général pour l'état vitreux et qu'il peut être décrit en utilisant un modèle du type donneur/accepteur.
Optical properties and electronic structures of equiatomic<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ti</mml:mi><mml:mi> </mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">F</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mspace/><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">o</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mspace/><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">a</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">n</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi><mml:mspace/><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">i</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:math>alloys (1996)

The dielectric functions of equiatomic $X\mathrm{Ti} (X=\mathrm{F}\mathrm{e},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{o},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{i})$ alloys in the $B2$ phase (cubic CsCl structure) were measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the energy range of 1.5-5.4 eV. The optical conductivity spectra show close resemblance to each other with a peak at 1.9-2.3 eV and another at 3.1-3.4 eV. Fine structures observed in previously reported measurements were not seen. The band structures and the optical conductivity spectra were calculated in the $B2$ phase using the linearized-augmented-plane-wave method with the local density approximation. The agreement between the measured and calculated spectra is markedly improved by the inclusion of a quasiparticle self-energy correction. Strong optical transitions are identified and the similarities and differences among the optical conductivity spectra of the three compounds are explained.
DMSK Receiver For Mobile/Satellite Service (1989)

Receiver for 2.4-kbit/s differential minimum-shift keying (DMSK) and Gaussian minimum-shift keying(GMSK) suitable for communication between land-mobile stations via geostationary satellites. Operating on phase-shifted signal in 800-MHz band, in presence of fading and Doppler frequency shifts, receiver compact, makes efficient use of frequency spectrum, and wastes little power. Receiver design implemented in very-large-scale-integrated circuits. Basic DMSK receiver design relies on baseband rather than intermediate-frequency processing of in-phase and quadrature signal components because phase errors due to differential delays smaller at baseband.
Effect of core lipopolysaccharides from Salmonella minnesota R mutants on the survival times of mice bearing Ehrlich tumor. (1975)

Injection of a homologous series of bacterial core lipopolysaccharides obtained from Salmonella minnesota R mutants to Ehrlich solid tumor-beating mice results in an increase of survival times of treated animals. Lower chain length favors greater antitumor activity. Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides derived from lipopolysaccharides were found to be ineffective in increasing survial time of tumore-bearing mice. Smaller-sugar-chain-length core lipopolysaccharides were found to be better adjuvant than were those with longer sugar chains. Implication of adjuvant action of lipopolysaccharides in the elicitation of antitumor activity is suggested.
Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. A clinicopathologic study of 241 cases treated at the University of Florence, Italy (1985)

A clinicopathologic study of 241 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma treated at the University of Florence Medical School, Florence, Italy is presented. The features of greatest prognostic value were patient's age at presentation, small tumor size, total encapsulation, extrathyroid extension, multicentricity, and presence of distant metastases. The prognosis of the disease was not influenced by the pattern of tumor growth, presence of solid areas, initial presence or subsequent development of cervical lymph node metastases, type of initial thyroid operation, performance of neck dissection, or prophylactic administration of radioactive iodine. It is concluded that conservative thyroid surgery in the form of lobectomy, without neck dissection or prophylactic administration of iodine 131 (131I), constitutes adequate therapy for most cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma. More extensive therapy should be considered for older patients and for those in whom the tumor exhibits extrathyroid extension or easily detectable multicentricity.
Special Edition. Image Processing in the Multimedia Age. A Color Difference Transform to Uniform Color Space for Image Feature Analysis. (1995)

人間の視覚特性を考慮した画像特徴解析を目的とし, まず均等色空間の特徴を有効的に利用するための色差変換式を導出した.そして, この変換式の画像処理への適応可能性を示し, 処理量の観点からこの変換式を利用することの有効性が確認された.
Novel Cell and Gene Therapies for HIV (2012)

Highly active antiretroviral therapy dramatically improves survival in HIV-infected patients. However, persistence of HIV in reservoirs has necessitated lifelong treatment that can be complicated by cumulative toxicities, incomplete immune restoration, and the emergence of drug-resistant escape mutants. Cell and gene therapies offer the promise of preventing progressive HIV infection by interfering with HIV replication in the absence of chronic antiviral therapy. Individuals homozygous for a deletion in the CCR5 gene (CCR5Δ32) are largely resistant to infection from R5-topic HIV-1 strains, which are most commonly transmitted. A recent report that an HIV-infected patient with relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia was effectively cured from HIV infection after transplantation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC) from a CCR5Δ32 homozygous donor has generated renewed interest in developing treatment strategies that target viral reservoirs and generate HIV resistance in a patient's own cells. Although the development of cell-based and gene transfer therapies has been slow, progress in a number of areas is evident. Advances in the fields of gene-targeting strategies, T-cell-based approaches, and HSCs have been encouraging, and a series of ongoing and planned trials to establish proof of concept for strategies that could lead to successful cell and gene therapies for HIV are under way. The eventual goal of these studies is to eliminate latent viral reservoirs and the need for lifelong antiretroviral therapy.
A global three‐dimensional model analysis of the atmospheric budgets of HCN and CH<sub>3</sub>CN: Constraints from aircraft and ground measurements (2003)

We construct global atmospheric budgets of HCN and CH 3 CN through a three‐dimensional (3‐D) model simulation of the HCN‐CH 3 CN‐CO system constrained and evaluated with aircraft observations from the Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific (TRACE‐P) mission over the NW Pacific in February–April 2001. Observed background vertical gradients of HCN and CH 3 CN imply a dominant ocean sink for both gases, with deposition velocity of 0.13 cm s −1 for both and saturation ratios of 0.79 for HCN and 0.88 for CH 3 CN. Observations for both gases in the free troposphere imply a dominant source from biomass burning. Enhancement of HCN observed in Chinese urban plumes is attributed tentatively to residential coal burning. Biomass burning and residential coal burning emission ratios relative to CO of 0.27% and 1.6%, respectively, for HCN, and of 0.20% and 0.25%, respectively, for CH 3 CN, are consistent with observations in biomass burning and Chinese urban plumes. They provide the best model simulation of the ensemble of TRACE‐P observations including vertical profiles and HCN‐CH 3 CN‐CO correlations. They also allow successful simulation of the long‐term observations of HCN columns at sites in the Northern Hemisphere, and of the CH 3 CN vertical distribution observed over the northern Indian Ocean. Global biomass burning and Asian residential coal burning sources in the model are 0.63 and 0.2 Tg N yr −1 , respectively, for HCN and 0.47 and 0.03 Tg N yr −1 , respectively, for CH 3 CN. Ocean uptake is the dominant sink for both gases, with oxidation by OH representing an additional minor sink. The resulting tropospheric lifetimes are 5.3 months for HCN and 5.8 months for CH 3 CN. The model predicts very low HCN and CH 3 CN concentrations at high southern latitudes, reflecting the assumption of a uniform saturation ratio for ocean uptake; observations in that region are needed. In the free troposphere, the dominance of biomass burning sources (70–85% for HCN and 90–95% for CH 3 CN) implies that both gases can be used as biomass burning tracers. In the boundary layer, CH 3 CN appears to be a better biomass burning tracer. More work is needed to identify the origin of the Chinese urban source of HCN.
Survival factors in a canine septic shock model. (1991)

Physiological indicators of tissue perfusion in a canine septic shock model have been examined. An early death (ED) group and a combined late death and survivor group (LDS) were defined and the corresponding data compared. It was found that the LDS group had less reductions in mean systemic arterial pressure (P less than 0.05), transcutaneous oxygen pressure (P less than 0.05), and red blood cell deformability (P less than 0.001); a smaller increase in hematocrit (P less than 0.05); and a lower concentration of white blood cells (P less than 0.05), relative to the ED group, at 6 hr after an infusion of Escherichia coli organisms. These results suggest that dogs in the LDS group have better tissue perfusion than those in the early death ED group. Post-treatment of dogs with pentoxifylline did not improve survival time or enhance flow factors.
Infinitesimal Dipole Model for Dielectric Resonator Antennas using the QPSO Algorithm (2006)

The problem of finding a set of infinitesimal dipoles to represent an arbitrary antenna with known near field distribution was considered. By formulating this task as an optimization problem using the directional cosines, the recently introduced quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm was able to successfully obtain good solution. A new boundary condition was introduced to handle the coupling between the directional cosines. The frequency response of the dipole model was also investigated. Although the model was obtained at a single design frequency, the dipoles at the same locations can be used through a wideband scheme by correcting the dipole moments. The correction factor required has been shown to be related to the input impedance of the DRA. A simple procedure is suggested to estimate the correction factor over the frequency band of interest
Effect of polycythemia on gastrointestinal blood flow and oxygenation in piglets (1984)

Gastrointestinal blood flow and oxygenation were measured before and after the induction of polycythemia in newborn piglets. Sixty minutes after exchange transfusion with age-matched packed red blood cells, hematocrit and in vitro whole blood viscosity increased, while 51Cr-measured blood volume did not change. Cardiac output and total gastrointestinal blood flow (the sum of stomach, jejunum, ileum, and colon blood flows) decreased a similar degree after exchange transfusion, although the reduction in total gastrointestinal blood flow was not uniform in all regions of the gastrointestinal tract. Specifically, blood flow to the stomach and mucosa-submucosa layer of the small bowel decreased, whereas that to the colon and muscularis-serosa layer of the small bowel remained unchanged. Gastrointestinal O2 delivery increased after exchange transfusion because of the increase in arterial O2 content consequent to polycythemia. The arteriovenous O2 content difference remained unchanged following exchange transfusion, and gastrointestinal O2 consumption thus decreased 49 +/- 2%. After a test meal, postprandial values for gastrointestinal blood flow and oxygenation in polycythemic piglets increased to levels similar to postprandial values reported previously in normal newborn piglets.
The primary structure of cytochrome c1 from Neurospora crassa (1987)

The primary structure of the cytochrome c1 subunit of ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase from mitochondria of Neurospora crassa was determined by sequencing the cDNA of a bank cloned in Escherichia coli. From the coding region the sequence of 332 amino acids, corresponding to the molecular mass of 36,496 Da, was derived for the precursor protein. The mature protein, the N terminus of which was previously sequenced [Tsugita et al. (1979) in Cytochrome oxidase (King, T. E. et al., eds) pp. 67-77, Elsevier, New York], consists of 262 amino acids and has the molecular mass of 29,908 Da including the heme. The sequence contains an N-terminal hydrophilic part of 211 residues, which carries the heme, a hydrophobic stretch of 15 residues, which is assumed to anchor the protein to the membrane, and a C-terminal hydrophilic part of 36 residues. The N-terminal presequence of 70 amino acids contains 9 positive charges but only 1 negative charge and is characterized by a stretch of 20 uncharged residues.
Shared genetic basis for migraine and ischemic stroke (2015)

Our findings indicate shared genetic susceptibility to migraine and IS, with a particularly strong overlap between MO and both LAS and CE pointing towards shared mechanisms. Our observations on MA are consistent with a limited role of common genetic variants in this subtype.