gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Polarization Interferometer for Photon-Number Squeezed Light Generation (2001)

We propose a new scheme of photon-number squeezed light generation using a nonlinear polarization interferometer which is constructed by the cascade connection of two polarization-maintaining fibers. Since it is possible to generate photon-number squeezed light by only passing an optical pulse through an optical fiber without spatial alignment, it is expected that the squeezed light can easily and stably be generated in this scheme. The magnitude of maximum squeezing in the numerical analysis is estimated to be about -13 dB. Since the arbitrary dividing ratio and two outputs can be obtained by merely turning the half-wave plates on the input and output side, photon-number squeezed light can be generated for the broad input and output power ranges.
A history of seismic acquisition design in Saudi Arabia - lessons learned (2008)

In Saudi Arabia, the vibroseis signal is commonly low and both ambient and source-generated<br>noise is high. Acquisition methods along with processing must be used to enhance the signal<br>and suppress the noise. Over time with advances in the number of available recording<br>channels and in high efficiency surface sources, particularly vibroseis, we have moved from<br>large mega-arrays to smaller arrays and toward point source and point receiver acquisition. At<br>the same time, less array summing of individual sources and receivers is done in the field, and<br>more noise mitigation is done in processing. The balance between improved signal-to-noise<br>data quality, productivity and cost is a recurring theme and continues even today. In the<br>1990s, we introduced universal fine sampling or “uncommitted” acquisition for 2D data. But<br>even today, unsummed point source and receiver survey designs cannot affordably be<br>acquired in 3D, with sufficient density to adequately handle both the signal and noise<br>challenges.
Physiology and pharmacology of unitary synaptic connections between pairs of cells in areas CA3 and CA1 of rat hippocampal slice cultures (1995)

1. Paired intracellular recordings were made in rat hippocampal slice cultures, with the use of either sharp microelectrodes or the whole cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. Unitary synaptic connections were studied between pyramidal and nonpyramidal cells within and between areas CA1 and CA3. 2. Monosynaptic excitatory synaptic responses between CA3 pyramidal neurons were found in 56% of cell pairs (n = 91, 28 postsynaptic cells). Monosynaptic connections from a CA3 cell to a CA1 cell were observed in 76% of cell pairs (n = 125, 26 postsynaptic cells), but from CA1 to CA3 neurons in only 8% of cell pairs (n = 13, 13 postsynaptic cells). Monosynaptic excitatory connections were found in only 16% of CA1/CA1 cell pairs (n = 25, 10 postsynaptic cells). 3. Disynaptic inhibition was commonly observed between CA3 cell pairs (43%), but rarely found between CA3-CA1 pyramidal cell pairs (2%). In 50% of CA3 pyramidal cell pairs, synchronous inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in both cells could be triggered by an action potential in one pyramidal cell. Reciprocal monosynaptic connections were found between 75% of interneuron and pyramidal cell pairs within area CA3. 4. The latency of monosynaptic CA3- to CA1-cell responses was significantly longer than for responses between two CA3 cells. Within area CA3 the latencies for inhibitory synaptic responses between interneurons and pyramidal cells were significantly shorter than those for excitatory responses between pyramidal cells. Monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in interneurons had a significantly shorter time-to-peak than those recorded in pyramidal neurons. 5. 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX)- and D-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (AP5)-sensitive components were identified in unitary monosynaptic EPSPs in CA3-CA3 and CA3-CA1 pyramidal cell pairs. The CNQX-sensitive component had a mean time-to-peak and duration of 6.2 +/- 0.3 (SE) ms and 61.2 +/- 2.0 ms, respectively, and an amplitude of approximately 1 mV (n = 93). The AP5-sensitive component of EPSPs was only detected when the cell was depolarized with respect to the resting potential, had a mean time-to-peak of 41 +/- 5 ms and duration of 121 +/- 11 ms (n = 6), and increased in amplitude with postsynaptic depolarization. 6. Unitary monosynaptic IPSPs between an interneuron and a pyramidal cell had a mean amplitude of approximately 1 mV and were fully blocked by gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptor antagonists (n = 3). 7. Unitary inhibitory responses were found only within, but not between, areas CA3 or CA1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Antenatal onset of cortical hyperostosis (Caffey disease): Case report and review (2003)

We report on a fetus of 27 weeks of gestation whose clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings are compatible with the prenatal form of Caffey disease (cortical hyperostosis). Prenatal ultrasound examination showed polyhydramnios and markedly short and angulated long bones, which had led to the incorrect diagnosis of lethal osteogenesis imperfecta. We found 43 published descriptions on the antenatal onset of cortical hyperostosis symptomatic in utero or at birth. Two groups of prenatal cortical hyperostosis (PCH) can be distinguished: (1) severe (25 reports and the fetus presented here), with onset before 35 weeks of gestation and generally associated with polyhydramnios, lung disease, prematurity, and high lethality; (2) mild (18 reports), with onset after 35 weeks of gestation and without complications. Autosomal recessive inheritance has been suggested for the prenatal form of cortical hyperostosis. However, the available evidence suggests that both dominant and recessive inheritance is possible. Moreover, dominant inheritance seems to be more common in the mild prenatal form of cortical hyperostosis.
Shelf‐life of bank blood and stored plasma with special reference to coagulation factors (1983)

Whole blood and plasma drawn into plastic bags containing citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) and stored at 4 degrees C for various periods were studied for variations of coagulation factor and fibrinolytic activity. The blood was collected and processed in the conventional way. The most labile component, factor VIII coagulant activity, decreased to about 50 percent of its original value within the first 24 hours in whole blood, but thereafter, it decreased more slowly. Storage of whole blood for 6 hours at 4 degrees C had an insignificant effect on VIII coagulant activity; an even slower decrease was found for factor VIII coagulant antigen. The major fall in VIII coagulant activity occurred between 6 and 24 hours of whole blood storage. Factor VIII-related antigen remained normal for about 1 week, but on further storage showed signs of proteolytic degradation. In plasma, there was a successive decrease in VIII coagulant activity with its minimum level (about 50% decrease as compared with the original level) after 7 to 14 days of storage. All other factor VIII activities in plasma remained unchanged throughout the study. Factor V retained its activity for about 1 week in the whole blood. Factors II, VII, IX, X, XII, XIII and fibrinogen did not fall below normal during a storage period of 35 days, nor was there any indication of increased fibrinolytic activity in either whole blood or plasma. Storage of whole blood and plasma at 4 degrees C for 1 to 2 weeks seems to have relatively little effect on the levels and function of various coagulation components with the possible exception of factor VIII coagulant activity.
Consequences of regional inotropic stimulation of ischemic myocardium on regional myocardial blood flow and function in anesthetized swine. (1989)

Determination of the effect of inotropic stimulation on regionally ischemic and hypokinetic myocardium is complicated when intravenous administration of the inotropic agent also causes stimulation of nonischemic adjacent and distant regions, thereby altering global ventricular hemodynamics. To obviate such events, 16 anesthetized swine were studied during regional inotropic stimulation by infusion of dobutamine hydrochloride (2.5 +/- 1 microgram/min) into the cannulated left anterior descending coronary artery. Coronary inflow was controlled by a pump in an extracorporeal circuit. Two groups of swine with different degrees of ischemia were studied. In the first group of animals (n = 8), reduction in coronary inflow to produce a fall in coronary artery pressure (CAP) from 114 +/- 7 mm Hg to 62 +/- 2 mm Hg caused a decrease in percent systolic wall thickening (%WTh) from 34.6 +/- 8.1% to 25.4 +/- 5.8% (p less than 0.005). In the second group of animals (n = 8), CAP was decreased to 46 +/- 5 mm Hg (control: 115 +/- 8 mm Hg) and % WTh decreased from 34.1 +/- 16.4% to 10.4 +/- 6.9% (p less than 0.001). Subendocardial blood flow was reduced from 1.41 +/- 0.38 ml/min/g to 0.65 +/- 0.13 ml/min/g (group 1, p less than 0.001) and from 1.08 +/- 0.22 ml/min/g to 0.24 +/- 0.08 ml/min/g (group 2, p less than 0.001). Regional infusion of dobutamine caused asynchronous ventricular contraction with early systolic augmentation in wall thickening followed by late systolic thinning. Therefore, during hypoperfusion regional myocardial function assessed by %WTh remained unchanged (26.2 +/- 5.8%, p = NS) in group 1 and decreased significantly to 1.6 +/- 5.1% (p less than 0.041) in group 2. Subendocardial blood flow decreased to 0.44 +/- 0.15 ml/min/g in group 1 (p less than 0.005) and to 0.15 +/- 0.07 ml/min/g in group 2 (p less than 0.012). To account for the augmented early systolic thickening that occurred during asynchronous contraction, a myocardial work index was developed in which the sum of the instantaneous left ventricular pressure-wall thickness product was calculated for estimation of regional myocardial work. Increases in this work index were apparent with the addition of dobutamine at both levels of hypoperfusion. This significant enhancement in regional myocardial function in group 2 caused a significant increase of 16% (p less than 0.009) in overall left ventricular power during ejection. Thus, regional inotropic stimulation with dobutamine caused enhancement of maximum work of the ischemic myocardium in the steady state despite a further decrease in subendocardial blood flow.
Identifiability Analysis of an In Vivo Receptor-Binding Radiopharmacokinetic System (1985)

A five-state, nonlinear model describing the pharmacokinetics of a receptor-binding radiopharmaceutical is presented. Local parameter identifiability analysis was performed preexperimentally to investigate the chemical and observational conditions required for adequate estimates of hepatic blood flow, receptor-ligand affinity, and receptor population. The ability to estimate the above parameters from externally observed kinetic data depended upon receptor-ligand affinity, the molar dose of the radiopharmaceutical, the number and coupling of the observers, and independent knowledge of the coupling coefficients or ligand-receptor affinity.
Strictly nonblocking three-stage clos networks with some rearrangeable multicast capability (2003)

F.K. Hwang and S.C. Liaw (see IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol.8, p.535-9, 2000) introduced a new nonblocking requirement for 2-cast traffic which imposes different requirements on different types of coexisting calls. The requirement is strictly nonblocking for point-to-point calls among the 2-cast traffic, and is rearrangeable for genuine 2-cast calls. We generalize the 2-cast calls to multicast calls and give a sufficient condition for such networks when the number of multicast calls is upper bounded.
Aufbau und Anpassung der Motorsteuerungs-Software für Otto- und Dieselmotoren (2010)

Die Erfüllung steigender Kundenansprüche und strenger gesetzlicher Vorgaben hinsichtlich der Verringerung des Kraftstoffverbrauchs, der Reduzierung von Schadstoffemissionen, der Erhöhung von Fahrsicherheit, Fahrleistung und Fahrkomfort ist untrennbar mit dem Einzug elektronischer Systeme in moderne Kraftfahrzeuge verbunden. Die elektronischen Systeme bestimmen zunehmend den Kundennutzen und werden für die Differenzierung der Automobilhersteller untereinander immer wichtiger. Daher sind sie ein wesentlicher Erfolgsfaktor moderner Kraftfahrzeuge.
Vibrational Relaxation of a System of Anharmonic Oscillators in Isothermal Heat-Baths (1976)

The time-dependent behavior of the vibrational population distribution of a system of anharmonic oscillators relaxing in isothermal heat-baths has been studied numerically. The relaxation caused by suddenly lowering the translational temperature of the system, which is initially in complete equilibrium at a high temperature, has been considered. Use of the Bailey's integration method made it possible to pursue the relaxation process up to the final equilibrium. The results show: (1) a total inversion of the population distribution appears during the relaxation process only when the heat-bath temperature is much lower than the initial temperature of the system; (2) the lower the heat-bath temperature is, the greater part of the vibrational energy relaxes at an early stage of relaxation.
Depth Perception in Interactive Virtual Acoustic Environments using Higher Order Ambisonic Soundfields (2010)

In this paper, we present an investigation into the perception of source depth in interactive virtual auditory environments in the context of Higher Order Ambisonic (HOA) reproduction. In particular, we investigate the accuracy of soundfield reproduction over virtual loudspeakers (headphone reproduction) with increasing Ambisonic order. Performance of 1st, 2nd and 3rd order Ambisonics in representing distance cues is assessed in subjective audio perception tests. Results demonstrate that first order soundfields are sufficient in representing distance cues for virtual loudspeaker reproduction.
Toward adaptive stereotactic robotic brachytherapy for prostate cancer: Demonstration of an adaptive workflow incorporating inverse planning and an MR stealth robot (2010)

To translate any robot into a clinical environment, it is critical that the robot can seamlessly integrate with all the technology of a modern clinic. MRBot, an MR-stealth brachytherapy delivery device, was used in a closed-bore 3T MRI and a clinical brachytherapy cone beam CT suite. Targets included ceramic dummy seeds, MR-Spectroscopy-sensitive metabolite, and a prostate phantom. Acquired DICOM images were exported to planning software to register the robot coordinates in the imager's frame, contour and verify target locations, create dose plans, and export needle and seed positions to the robot. The coordination of each system element (imaging device, brachytherapy planning system, robot control, robot) was validated with a seed delivery accuracy of within 2 mm in both a phantom and soft tissue. An adaptive workflow was demonstrated by acquiring images after needle insertion and prior to seed deposition. This allows for adjustment if the needle is in the wrong position. Inverse planning (IPSA) was used to generate a seed placement plan and coordinates for ten needles and 29 seeds were transferred to the robot. After every two needles placed, an image was acquired. The placed seeds were identified and validated prior to placing the seeds in the next two needles. The ability to robotically deliver seeds to locations determined by IPSA and the ability of the system to incorporate novel needle patterns were demonstrated. Shown here is the ability to overcome this critical step. An adaptive brachytherapy workflow is demonstrated which integrates a clinical anatomy-based seed location optimization engine and a robotic brachytherapy device. Demonstration of this workflow is a key element of a successful translation to the clinic of the MRI stealth robotic delivery system, MRBot.
Hybrid supply chain integrated lean production and agile manufacturing (2002)

Lean production and agile manufacturing paradigms are discussed and compared, and their similarities and differences, are highlighted. Through considering the differences between the two we found that they should not be developed in isolation. It is often appropriate to integrate lean production and agile manufacturing in the supply chain, as lean production requires a level schedule and agile manufacturing is best suited for satisfying a fluctuating demand (in terms of production volume and variety). This hybrid supply chain can consider market knowledge and positioning of the decoupling point, and can much more rapidly respond and satisfy the demands of customers. A case study is presented to demonstrate how leanness and agility have been combined successfully within one supply chain.
Stimulatory effects of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide on dendritic cell‐based immunotherapy of colon cancer in CEA/HLA‐A2 transgenic mice (2008)

Immunostimulatory DNA containing unmethylated cytosine-guanine (CpG) motifs have been successfully used as adjuvants to enhance the immunity of vaccines designed to trigger antitumor T-cell responses. We examined the effect of a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) for its ability to potentiate the activity of tumor antigen-pulsed dendritic cells (DC) in a clinically relevant mouse model, which is transgenic for both carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and HLA-A2 for the treatment of colon carcinoma in a therapeutic setting. The systemic administration of CpG ODN 1826 alone had modest effect on tumor growth when tumors were palpable and had no effect with larger tumor burden. However, coadministration of CpG ODN 1826 with the vaccine provided significant increase in tumor-free survival compared with mice immunized with DC-based vaccines alone. The DC/CpG combined vaccination strategy resulted in increased secretion of Th1 cytokines and HLA-A2-restricted CEA-specific CTL responses were also enhanced. Both tumor regression and extended tumor-free survival resulting from DC/CpG combination therapy required the participation of T cells. Tumor-free mice were resistant to tumor rechallenge and immunity conferred by the vaccine was transferable in athymic nude mice. These results provide evidence that vaccination with antigen-pulsed DC with CpG ODN as adjuvant can lead to effective tumor regression and long-term survival in a murine model of colon carcinoma.
Investigation of Noise Suppression Effect for an Optical Signal Regeneration System Using Cascaded Wavelength Converters Based on Cross-Gain Modulation in Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (2004)

We investigated the optimized condition and cause of the sensitivity improvement for an optical signal regeneration system using cascaded wavelength converters based on cross-gain modulation in semiconductor optical amplifiers. Optimized probe light power for improving received sensitivity was observed by bit error rate (BER) measurements. And we obtained the regeneration characteristics caused by the relative intensity noise (RIN) suppression in both `1' and `0' level by RIN measurements. From those measurements, we confirmed that there exists an optimized probe light power in the second-stage wavelength converter using cross-gain modulation (XGM) when probe light power in the first-stage wavelength converter is changed, so that the RIN suppression in both `1' level and `0' level occurred and extinction ratio is not degraded at the same time.
Effect of exhaust nozzle configuration on aerodynamic and acoustic performance of an externally blown flap system with a quiet 6:1 bypassratio engine (1973)

A highly suppressed TF-34 engine was used to investigate engine and flap interaction noise associated with an externally blown flap STOL powered lift system. Noise, efficiency, and velocity decay characteristics of mixed and separate flow exhaust systems including convergent, co-annular, and lobed designs were determined with the engine operating alone. Noise data were then obtained for several of the exhaust configurations with the engine blowing a wing-flap segment. Noise for both the engine alone and the engine with blown flaps showed substantial differences for the various exhaust configurations tested. The differences in observed noise are related primarily to nozzle effective exhaust velocity, flap impingement velocity, and noise spectral shape.
Effect of the Walls of Electrolytic Cells on Current Distribution (1956)

The field in the rectangular cell with two parallel and flat plates as electrodes has been analyzed. In this paper, no consideration is given to polarization phenomena for mathematical convenience.
An electron optical technique for large-capacity random-access memories (1966)

Memories of the electron beam recording type have many desirable features for large capacity applications. At the Wescon Conference of 1958, the author proposed a class of electron optical memories of very high storage density under the title, "Information Storage in Microspace."
Dispositional Statements (1955)

Because statements like ‘This object is soluble in aqua regia’ involve the causal modalities, we call them causal dispositional statements . Now while this involvement has long been recognized, no thorough examination of its exact nature has ever been made. One purpose of this paper is to begin such an examination. In Sec. 2 we will suggest an analysis of causal dispositional statements, and in Sec. 3 we will discuss some philosophic issues to which this analysis is relevant.
A Study on Transfer Switching in Consideration of Fault Detection in FRIENDS. (2003)

The authors have proposed a new concept of a distribution system ‘Flexible, Reliable and Intelligent ENergy Delivery System (FRIENDS)’ with a view of solving problems in near future and providing several services for electric companies and customers. The main idea of FRIENDS is to install new facilities named Quality Control Center (QCC) in the neighborhood of customers to realize various functions, e.g. Customized Power Quality Service. In addition, these QCCs make a network of electricity and information below distribution substations. The configuration of the network can be changed frequently depending on the system and load conditions. This frequent reconfiguration of the network requires fast and reliable Transfer Switching in QCC to ease an effect on customers. The reconfiguration with the aim of removing a fault wire also requires fast Fault Detection. This paper presents a new method for controlling Transfer Switching and a method of Fault Detection in order to realize a fast and reliable reconfiguration of QCC network in an ordinary state, and even in a fault. Besides, this paper analyzes the methods in terms of instantaneous values calculated by PSCAD/EMTDC.
Real-time furnace modeling and diagnostics (2002)

Precise control of process temperature has become increasingly important in today's semiconductor industry. Multizone batch furnaces are used widely in current manufacturing lines, and high reliability of furnace systems is a crucial factor in achieving high product yield. However, uncertainty caused by sensor noise and failure may degrade reliability. In this work, the authors develop a methodology based on thermal modeling and sensor fusion techniques to detect temperature sensor failures, power supply failures, and system faults for the multizone furnace systems. The typical types of failures have been defined. The impact of single failures and different combinations of failures on the system behavior has been studied. The furnace system has been modeled based on both physical considerations and experimental data extraction. The fault detection methodology has been tested in simulations. Principal component analysis is utilized for choosing data types for different fault detection purposes. Sensor fusion is used to enhance reliability. Simulation results show that all different types of failures can be detected when data are rich enough. Experimental results show that all single failures and some of the failure combinations can be estimated when only steady-state and cooling-down data are utilized.