gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Actinobacteria (2016)

Abstract Actinobacteria are Gram‐stain‐positive microorganisms with high guanine plus cytosine content in their genome (>50%). They are quite abundant in soil and aquatic sediments where they participate in the decomposition of organic matter. These bacteria are responsible for the distinctive scent of freshly exposed, moist soil. Actinobacteria are morphologically diverse ranging from coccoid, fragmenting hyphal forms to those with a highly differentiated branched mycelium. Many of these bacteria also produce external spores resistant to UV (ultraviolet) light and dehydration. Most actinobacteria are saprophytic microorganisms but several genera are important human, animal and plant pathogens. They are major producers of medically important antibiotics, especially members of the genus Streptomyces , the most abundant group. On the basis of 16S rRNA (ribosomal ribonucleic acid) gene sequences, the phylum actinobacteria contains almost 300 genera but new taxa continue to be discovered. Key Concepts The phylum actinobacteria is one of the largest groups in the domain Bacteria. Actinobacteria are Gram‐positive bacteria with a high guanine plus cytosine content in their genome. Morphologically, actinobacteria are quite diverse ranging from cocci to complex filaments which form a mycelium and produce specialised reproductive structures called spores. Actinobacteria are chemoorganotrophic and play an important role in the biodegradation and recycling of organic matter. Actinobacteria are mainly aerobes with an oxidative metabolism, but several species are facultative anaerobes or even strict anaerobes. Actinobacteria are widespread in soil but they are also present in marine and freshwater sediments, mangrove ecosystems and inside plant tissues. Most actinobacteria are free‐living microorganisms, but several species are important plant and animal pathogens. Actinobacteria are unsurpassed in their ability to produce many useful compounds with application in medicine, agriculture and industry. Genomic sequence data has revealed that actinobacteria have the potential to produce far more secondary metabolites than previously thought.
Construction and Testing of Coin Cells of Lithium Ion Batteries (2012)

Rechargeable lithium ion batteries have wide applications in electronics, where customers always demand more capacity and longer lifetime. Lithium ion batteries have also been considered to be used in electric and hybrid vehicles or even electrical grid stabilization systems. All these applications simulate a dramatic increase in the research and development of battery materials, including new materials, doping, nanostructuring, coatings or surface modifications and novel binders. Consequently, an increasing number of physicists, chemists and materials scientists have recently ventured into this area. Coin cells are widely used in research laboratories to test new battery materials; even for the research and development that target large-scale and high-power applications, small coin cells are often used to test the capacities and rate capabilities of new materials in the initial stage. In 2010, we started a National Science Foundation (NSF) sponsored research project to investigate the surface adsorption and disordering in battery materials (grant no. DMR-1006515). In the initial stage of this project, we have struggled to learn the techniques of assembling and testing coin cells, which cannot be achieved without numerous help of other researchers in other universities (through frequent calls, email exchanges and two site visits). Thus, we feel that it is beneficial to document, by both text and video, a protocol of assembling and testing a coin cell, which will help other new researchers in this field. This effort represents the "Broader Impact" activities of our NSF project, and it will also help to educate and inspire students. In this video article, we document a protocol to assemble a CR2032 coin cell with a LiCoO2 working electrode, a Li counter electrode, and (the mostly commonly used) polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder. To ensure new learners to readily repeat the protocol, we keep the protocol as specific and explicit as we can. However, it is important to note that in specific research and development work, many parameters adopted here can be varied. First, one can make coin cells of different sizes and test the working electrode against a counter electrode other than Li. Second, the amounts of C black and binder added into the working electrodes are often varied to suit the particular purpose of research; for example, large amounts of C black or even inert powder were added to the working electrode to test the "intrinsic" performance of cathode materials. Third, better binders (other than PVDF) have also developed and used. Finally, other types of electrolytes (instead of LiPF6) can also be used; in fact, certain high-voltage electrode materials will require the uses of special electrolytes.
48. Adsorption of gold from cyanide solutions by anionic resins (1958)

J. Aveston, D. A. Everest and R. A. Wells, J. Chem. Soc., 1958, 231 DOI: 10.1039/JR9580000231
Intelligent Pipe-Handling: A Case Study for Automation (2020)

Abstract This paper provides a case study on the successes and challenges with retrofitting tripping automation on two deepwater rigs operating in the Gulf of Mexico. The paper details the approach taken to overcome challenges associated with implementing and adopting automation technology and presents an analysis of key performance indicators that illustrate the success of the project. The paper also presents learnings and recommendations for deploying process automation while discussing some of the remaining challenges to overcome acceptance of automation in the upstream oil and gas drilling industry including implications to human performance.
Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA in Serum or Plasma for Nasopharyngeal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis (2011)

The detection of EBV DNA for the diagnosis of NPC has good sensitivity and specificity and might be helpful for the screening of NPC.
Chemical and Spectral Properties of Putidamonooxin, the Iron‐Containing and Acid‐Labile‐Sulfur‐Containing Monooxygenase of a 4‐Methoxybenzoate <i>O</i>‐Demethylase from <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> (1978)

Gel chromatography indicates that putidamonooxin has a molecular weight of about 126,000. On the other hand, the amino acid composition and the iron-to-protein ratio point to a minimal molecular weight of 33,000 and 31,000 respectively. On sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the enzyme migrated as a homogeneous band corresponding to a molecular weight of about 40,000. The number of spots found in the tryptic peptide map of the carboxymethylated and digested enzyme indicates that putidamonooxin is composed of three or four identical subunits. After covalent cross-linking of the subunits with dimethyl suberimidate and subsequent dodecylsulfate electrophoresis the main bands were in the molecular weight range of 40,000, 87,000 and 124,000. These findings lead us to propose that putidamonooxin is either a trimer or tetramer. The amino acid composition of putidamonooxin and related data calculated from this are given. The isoelectric point was shown by isoelectric focusing to be a pH 4.7. Low-temperature optical spectra of the reduced and oxidized enzyme as well as of three different putidamonooxin.substrate complexes are given together with those recorded at 10 degrees C. Enzyme.substrate binding spectra are observed with the oxidized putidamonooxin but not with the reduced enzyme. For the oxidized putidamonooxin a molar absorption coefficient at 455nm of 14.7mM-1 cm-1 was determined. Ks values of putidamonooxin towards different substrates and substrate analogues (i.e. tight couplers, partial uncouplers and uncouplers) are presented and possible reasons for the difference between the Ks values here obtained and the previously reported Km values are discussed.
Enhancement of third harmonic generation in metal–dielectric waveguides (1979)

An optical waveguide has been used to improve the third harmonic conversion of CO(2) TEA laser pulses in CO gas. The theoretical waveguide third harmonic conversion efficiency is calculated and compared with the calculated confocal third harmonic conversion efficiency. The experimentally measured waveguide and optimum confocal conversion efficiencies are also compared.
Optimization of a Communication Satellite Multiple-Beam Antenna (1975)

The dimensions of a multiple-beam antenna designed to optimize some desirable characteristics of a synchronous communication satellite are derived. The multiple-beam antenna is an X-band waveguide lens with a cluster of feeds in its focal plane. Two antenna systems are considered: (1) an antenna system radiating pencil beams for area coverage, and (2) an antenna system radiating an earth-coverage beam with nulls in prescribed directions. The characteristics of the optimum configurations are studied over a band of frequency and for practical values of feed excitation errors.
Pharmacological characterization of a new structural variant of 4-amidinophenylalanine amide-type synthetic thrombin inhibitor. (1989)

The synthetic thrombin inhibitor N alpha-(2-naphthylsulfonylglycyl)-4-amidinophenylalanyl-proline (1) was synthesized in order to evaluate the importance of the carboxyl group in its amine portion for fundamental pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of these benzamidine derivatives. The compound is better tolerated in mice and rats than are similar compounds lacking this carboxyl group. It has a significantly longer plasma half-life in rabbits compared to the corresponding compound bearing piperidine instead of proline in the amide moiety. The main excretory route of 1 is via the bile. Hepatic uptake and/or biliary excretion show, however, another time course than that seen for the piperidide. Lower toxicity and more suitable pharmacokinetics may compensate for the loss of thrombin inhibitory potency of this new synthetic thrombin inhibitor.
Adaptive fingers selection of grake receivers in MIMO-HSDPA (2008)

Inter Symbol Interference (ISI), Multiple Access Interference (MAI) and multiple antennas interference will be suppressed effectively by Grake receiver in MIMO-HSDPA system. Compare with usual chip-level receivers, Grake receiver processes symbol-level data and results in lower complexity when little physical channels are used. This paper proposes an adaptive scheme for fingers selection. The scheme is that fingers number is selected according to current receive Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), which decreases complexity compared with non-adaptive Grake receiver. At the end, simulation results prove that the total number of complex multiplication in adaptive scheme is almost half of that in non-adaptive system.
Inducing the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of oral KB carcinoma cells by hydroxychavicol: roles of glutathione and reactive oxygen species (2002)

Hydroxychavicol (HC; 10 - 50 microM), a betel leaf component, was found to suppress the 2% H(2)O(2)-induced lucigenin chemiluminescence for 53 - 75%. HC (0.02 - 2 microM) was also able to trap superoxide radicals generated by a xanthine/xanthine oxidase system with 38 - 94% of inhibition. Hydroxyl radicals-induced PUC18 plasmid DNA breaks was prevented by HC (1.6 - 16 microM). A 24-h exposure of KB cells to HC (0.5, 1 mM) resulted in 54 - 74% cell death as analysed by a 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. HC (10, 50 microM) further suppressed the growth of KB cells (15 and 76%, respectively). Long-term colony formation of KB cells was inhibited by 51% with 10 microM HC. Pretreatment of KB cells with 100 microM HC inhibited the attachment of KB cells to type I collagen and fibronectin by 59 and 29%, respectively. Exposure of KB cells to 0.1 mM HC for 24 h resulted in cell cycle arrest at late S and G2/M phase. Increasing the HC concentration to 0.25 and 0.5 mM led to apoptosis as revealed by detection of sub-G(0)/G(1) peaks with a concomitant decrease in the number of cells residing in late S and G(2)/M phase. Inducing the apoptosis of KB cells by HC was accompanied by marked depletion in reduced form of GSH (>0.2 mM) and the increasing of reactive oxygen species production (>0.1 mM) as analysed by CMF- and DCF-single cell fluorescence flow cytometry. These results indicate that HC exerts antioxidant property at low concentration. HC also inhibits the growth, adhesion and cell cycle progression of KB cells, whereas its induction of KB cell apoptosis (HC>0.1 mM) was accompanied by cellular redox changes.
Potential and Practical Adrenomedullary PET Radiopharmaceuticals as an Alternative to <i>m</i>-Iodobenzylguanidine:  <i>m</i>-(ω-[<sup>18</sup>F]Fluoroalkyl)benzylguanidines (2003)

To investigate adrenomedullary radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET), we have developed no-carrier-added m-(omega-[18F]fluoroalkyl)benzylguanidines. m-(omega-[18F]Fluoroalkyl)benzylguanidines were prepared in two steps starting from N,N'-bis(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-N' '-(omega-methanesulfonyloxyalkyl)benzylguanidines in 20-30% radiochemical yields (decay corrected for 100 min) and with high radiochemical purity (>97%) and shown to be stable (>90%) in an in vitro metabolic stability assay. The binding of m-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)benzylguanidine ((18F]3) to SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells was temperature dependent, and binding levels at 4 degrees C were reduced to half of that at 37 degrees C, which was similar to the reduction rate observed for [123I]MIBG. Tissue distribution studies in mice showed the highest uptake in the adrenals (%ID/g = 27.2 +/- 5.0%) with relatively high uptake in the myocardium (%ID/g = 9.3 +/- 0.5%). The results suggest that this radiotracer holds promise as a useful adrenomedullary radiopharmaceutical for PET imaging.
[Determination of steroidal saponins in Rhizoma paridis by RP-HPLC]. (1998)

A reversed phase HPLC method for the separation and determination of nine steroidal saponins in Rhizoma paridis is described. The column was Symmetry C8, mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (42:58), UV detection was performed at 203 nm. The calibration curves showed good linearity over the range of 0.8-12.0 micrograms, gamma = 0.9996-0.9999, the recoveries were 97.1%-100.2% for the nine steroidal saponins. The method is simple, fast, sensitive and accurate and has been applied to the analysis of Rhizoma paridis. The results showed that the contents of the nine steroidal saponins in Rhizoma paridis were different with different sources.
ANALISIS PENGARUH BOPO, NIM, GWM, LOR, PPAP DAN NPL TERHADAP ROE PADA BANK GO PUBLIC DAN NON GO PUBLIC DI INDONESIA PERIODE TAHUN 2007-2009 (2011)

In order to define a  bank's performance, we may determine it from many aspects such as its profitability. Return on Equity is an indicator for the investors to measure how efficient the profit produced from the equity they've invested.  Return on Equity is a  financial ratio of Net- Interest After Tax to Equity. This research analyzes the influences of Operational Cost to Income Ratio, Net Interest Margin, Reserve Requirement, Loan to Deposit Ratio, Producing Assets Reserves, Non-Performing Loan to Return on Equity of go-public banks compared with non go-public in Indonesia over the period from 2007 to 2009.
Gastrointestinal stem cells in development and cancer (2008)

An enormous body of knowledge about the biology of stem cells and their role in development, tissue homeostasis and cancer formation has been gained in the last 20 years. This review gives a comprehensive overview on knowledge about localization and regulation of normal gastrointestinal stem cells and links it to our understanding of gastrointestinal tumourigenesis and malignant progression in the light of the cancer stem cell concept. The focus is on intestinal stem cells and newly identified stem cell factors, such as the beta-catenin target gene Lgr5. The basis of intestinal stem cell regulation is a permanent crosstalk between epithelial and underlying mesenchymal cells in the intestinal stem cell niche. This crosstalk is mediated by crucial pathways, including the Wnt, Hedgehog (HH), Notch, PI3K and BMP pathways. Disturbances in this fine-regulated interaction can both initiate intestinal tumours and, in association with additional genetic alterations or environmental activation of embryonic processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), lead to tumour invasion and metastasis.
MicroRNAs associated with exercise and diet: a systematic review (2014)

MicroRNAs are posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. MicroRNAs reflect individual biologic adaptation to exposures in the environment. As such, measurement of circulating microRNAs presents an opportunity to evaluate biologic changes associated with behavioral interventions (i.e., exercise, diet) for weight loss. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature to summarize what is known about circulating microRNAs associated with exercise, diet, and weight loss. We performed a systematic review of three scientific databases. We included studies reporting on circulating microRNAs associated with exercise, diet, and weight loss in humans. Of 1,219 studies identified in our comprehensive database search, 14 were selected for inclusion. Twelve reported on microRNAs associated with exercise, and two reported on microRNAs associated with diet and weight loss. The majority of studies used a quasiexperimental, cross-sectional design. There were numerous differences in the type and intensity of exercise and dietary interventions, the biologic source of microRNAs, and the methodological approaches used quantitate microRNAs. Data from several studies support an association between circulating microRNAs and exercise. The evidence for an association between circulating microRNAs and diet is weaker because of a small number of studies. Additional research is needed to validate previous observations using methodologically rigorous approaches to microRNA quantitation to determine the specific circulating microRNA signatures associated with behavioral approaches to weight loss. Future directions include longitudinal studies to determine if circulating microRNAs are predictive of response to behavioral interventions.
CEMENT KILN DUST IN AN ALL-CONCENTRATE DIET FOR FEEDLOT STEERS (1979)

Two groups of 16 steers were fed an all-concentrate diet with or without 3.5% cement kiln dust for 125 days. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in overall animal performance between the two experimental groups. Steers fed the cement dust diet and the control diet gained an average of 1.12 and 1.24 kg/day, respectively. Both groups of cattle ate an average of 9.2 kg of feed daily. There was a significant interaction (P < 0.05) between diet and length of time on feed; the cattle which were fed cement kiln dust ate slightly more than the control group in the first two thirds of the experiment and less in the last third of the experiment. Rate of liveweight gain was also lower (P < 0.05) in the cattle fed cement kiln dust in the last third of the experiment. Lead concentrations in kidney tissues were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the steers fed the cement kiln dust (0.80 mg/kg, wet weight basis) than in the steers fed the control diet (0.36 mg/kg, wet weight basis). The diets had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on lead concentrations in muscle tissue, blood or liver.
Introduction: Romanticizing The Object (2009)

There are those who might regard the title of this book a contradiction. A fluffy view of Romanticism would deny any serious connection between dreamy discourse and an interest in the material objects of everyday experience. If there is any one notion at the heart of superficial musing about this movement, it is probably the idea that its discourse reflects no type of realism. If we could make a pilgrimage back to the time when Romantic norms and assumptions dominated Western culture, we might be most interested to learn how readers heard Romantic poetry, and what went on in their heads as Romanticism spoke itself out. And we would find that there is a “hard” quality to image and rhetoric, manifest all over Europe in its numerous languages, that could surprise us.
A microassay for studying allergic histamine release from human leukocytes using an enzymic-isotopic assay for histamine. (1973)

Abstract An in vitro microassay is described for studying allergic release of histamine from human leukocytes. The procedure takes advantage of a very sensitive enzymicisotopic assay for histamine which measures the histamine in a 20 μl sample volume; the assay can detect 0.1 ng. histamine. Each leukocyte reaction is run in a total volume of 0.1 ml. An antigen dose-response curve requires only 1 ml. of donor blood. This method is particularly advantageous for studies with children and when repetitive bleeding of individual donors is required.
The Gel-Elasticity of High Polymers (1955)

This paper investigated a 60-item version of the Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation (MID) with the potential to capture the full range of dissociative symptoms that characterize each of the dissociative disorders (DD). The 28-item Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) was designed to capture a wide range of dissociative phenomena, but college population studies indicate it may not be adept at identifying the full range of dissociative symptoms and disorders. The 218-item MID has the advantage of capturing the full range of dissociative symptoms and has diagnostic capabilities for all DSM-5 DD, but the disadvantage of taking considerably longer than the DES to complete. Using university students and staff (<i>N</i> = 313), this paper investigated a 60-item version of the MID with the potential to capture the full range of dissociative symptoms that characterize each of the DD. Results indicate the MID-60 has a nearly identical factor structure to the full MID, excellent internal reliability, and content and convergent validity. Using the MID-60, at least 8% of participants at an Australian university were positive for a DD and, on average, participants self-reported having dissociative experiences 13% of the time. The present study's findings suggest the MID-60 is a promising alternative to the DES, with results about the prevalence of DDs and dissociative experiences consistent with those found using clinical interviews and the DES.
Separation of Fatty Acids or Methyl Esters Including Positional and Geometric Isomers by Alumina Argentation Thin-Layer Chromatography (1987)

This paper describes novel and rapid thin-layer chromatography procedures for the analysis of fatty acids and methyl esters using silver-impregnated alumina sheets. These techniques are known in most laboratories, and the equipment is readily available. The fatty acid method allows a separation of petroselinic (C18:1 delta 6c), oleic (C18:1 delta 9c), elaidic (C18:1 delta 9t), erucic (C22:1 delta 13c), and brassidic acids (C22:1 delta 13t), and the methyl ester method gives an excellent resolution with respect to the number, configuration, and position of the unsaturated centers. Sufficient separation for the subsequent ozonolysis and chromatographic quantification of isomeric C18 and C22 fatty acid methyl esters is obtained with both methods.
Elements of Agricultural Chemistry (2012)

Book digitized by Google from the library of Harvard University and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.