gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Genetic Traits in Cardiovascular Disease (2013)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of mortality worldwide, is a heterogeneous trait that results from the complex interplay between genetic, environmental, and clinical risk factors (Kathiresan and Srivastava 2012). Despite the recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis, structural heart disease, and heart rhythm disorders, the heritability of CVD is still poorly understood.
HetNets Powered by Renewable Energy Sources: Sustainable Next-Generation Cellular Networks (2012)

Renewable energy could be the key for sustainable next-generation cellular networks. The authors' approach would let mobile operators feed base stations in a heterogeneous network using renewable energy sources. The authors compare their method to a classical grid-powered solution. They evaluate costs and CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emissions savings for different scenarios to demonstrate that properly powering a heterogeneous network with renewable energy can be a sustainable and economically convenient solution.
Preparation and characterization of metronidazole‐loaded chitosan nanoparticles for drug delivery application (2008)

Abstract This study describes the preparation of mucoadhesive chitosan nanoparticles containing metronidazole (MZ) intended for colon‐specific delivery. The chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by the ionic gelation method and their in vitro properties were studied. The release profiles of MZ from the nanoparticles were determined by UV–Vis absorption measurement at λ max 278 nm. Scanning electron microscopy was used for morphology observation. The nanoparticles exhibited mucoadhesive properties, which diminished with increasing drug content. The nanoparticles with a particle size range between 200 and 300 nm exhibited excellent mucoadhesive properties. The results show that the formulated nanoparticles have succeeded in controlling the release of MZ over a 12‐hr period. In conclusion, the release of MZ was found to be dependent upon the composition of the nanoparticles, the ratio of the components and possible particle size, as well as bioadhesive ability. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast Motion Estimation System Using Dynamic Models for H.264/AVC Video Coding (2011)

H.264/AVC offers many coding tools for achieving high compression gains of up to 50% more than other standards. These tools dramatically increase the computational complexity of the block based motion estimation (BB-ME) which consumes up to 80% of the entire encoder's computations. In this paper, computationally efficient accurate skipping models are proposed to speed up any BB-ME algorithm. First, an accurate initial search center (ISC) is decided using a smart prediction technique. Thereafter, a dynamic early stop search termination (DESST) is used to decide if the block at the ISC position can be considered as a best match candidate block or not. If the DESST algorithm fails, a less complex style of the motion estimation algorithm which incorporates dynamic padding window size technique will be used. Further reductions in computations are achieved by combining the following two techniques. First, a dynamic partial internal stop search technique which utilizes an accurate adaptive threshold model is exploited to skip the internal sum of absolute difference operations between the current and the candidate blocks. Second, a dynamic external stop search technique greatly reduces the unnecessary operations by skipping all the irrelevant blocks in the search area. The proposed techniques can be incorporated in any block matching motion estimation algorithm. Computational complexity reduction is reflected in the amount of savings in the motion estimation encoding time. The novelty of the proposed techniques comes from their superior saving in computations with an acceptable degradation in both peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and bit-rate compared to the state of the art and the recent motion estimation techniques. Simulation results using H.264/AVC reference software (JM 12.4) show up to 98% saving in motion estimation time using the proposed techniques compared to the conventional full search algorithm with a negligible degradation in the PSNR by approximately 0.05 dB and a small increase in the required bits per frame by only 2%. Experimental results also prove the effectiveness of the proposed techniques if they are incorporated with any fast BB-ME technique such as fast extended diamond enhanced predictive zonal search and predictive motion vector field adaptive search technique.
Observations of the cosmic microwave background anisotropy and polarization with MAXIMA and MAXIPOL (2001)

MAXIMA is a bolometric-based balloon-borne experiment that has measured temperature anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background radiation during flights in 1998 and 1999. MAXIPOL, which is based on the MAXIMA high sensitivity receiver, is designed to measure the polarization anisotropy of the CMB and is scheduled to be launched in May 2002. We discuss the status of our analysis of the data obtained from the MAXIMA-I and -II flights and describe MAXIPOL and its expected capabilities. The MAXIMA experiment was supported by NASA through grants NAG5-4454, and NAG5-3941, and by the Center for Particle Astrophysics, a National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center operated by the University of California, Berkeley, under Cooperative Agreement No. AST-9120005. MAXIPOL is supported by NASA through grant NAG5-9349.
Anemoside A3 ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by modulating T helper 17 cell response (2017)

Anemoside A3 (AA3) is a natural triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the root of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel. We previously showed that AA3 exhibits cognitive-enhancing and neuroprotective properties. In the present study, we demonstrated that AA3 modulates inflammatory responses by regulating prostaglandin E receptor 4 signaling. Because prostaglandin E receptor 4 is involved in the pathophysiology of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of human multiple sclerosis (MS), we assessed the beneficial effect of AA3 in EAE mice. AA3 treatment significantly reduced clinical severity and inflammatory infiltrates in the spinal cord of EAE mice. In vitro studies revealed that AA3 inhibited the T cell response toward the encephalitogenic epitope of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). AA3 significantly downregulated the expressions of certain Th1 and Th17 cytokines in activated T cells re-stimulated by MOG. Moreover, AA3 inhibited the activation of STAT4 and STAT3, which are the transcription factors pivotal for Th1 and Th17 lineage differentiation, respectively, in activated T cells. Pharmacological analysis further suggested that AA3 reduced Th17 cell differentiation and expansion. In conclusion, AA3 exerts an immunomodulatory effect in EAE, demonstrating its potential as a therapeutic agent for MS in humans.
Toward Intelligent Support of Authoring Machinima Media Content: Story and Visualization (2008)

The Internet and the availability of authoring tools have enabled a greater community of media content creators, including nonexperts. However, while media authoring tools often make it technically feasible to generate, edit and share digital media artifacts, they do not guarantee that the works wil
EFFECTS OF HYPOTHALAMIC EXTRACT AND STEROIDS ON THE SECRETION OF PROLACTIN, GROWTH HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE BY THE PITUITARY GLAND OF THE TERRAPIN (CHRYSEMYS PICTA) IN VITRO (1978)

* Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, U.S.A., Departments of †Pure and Applied Zoology and ‡Animal Physiology and Nutrition, The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT and §Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, U.S.A. (Received 24 June 1977) Recent studies have shown that reptilian hypothalamic extract contains a prolactin releasing factor capable of acting on repitilian pituitary glands when incubated in vitro (Nicoll, Fiorindo, McKenee & Parsons, 1970; Hall, Chadwick & Callard, 1975b). It has also been suggested that steroids may influence the secretion of prolactin in reptiles (Callard, Doolittle, Banks & Chan, 1972). Müller, Sawano & Schally (1967) found evidence for a reptilian growth hormone (GH) releasing factor using a heterologous system. We have examined the control of the secretion of prolactin, GH and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland of the painted terrapin in vitro. Pituitary glands and hypothalami were removed from
Dynamic Meniscus Behavior Influencing on Surface Condition of Products Cast in Continuous Caster with Alternating Magnetic Field Applied from the Outside of a Mold (1993)

In order to understand the meniscus behavior in the pool of a continuous caster with high frequency magnetic field applied from the outside of the mold, a model experimental work was conducted by using molten gallium which has a low melting point (301.8K). The terms meniscus height, meniscus depth and intermittently contacting distance are newly defined and measured for precise study of the state of contact between the mold and molten metal. Contacting pressure between the metal and the mold was calculated and the dynamic meniscus behavior was measured indifferent relative positions of the coil and the molten metal surface. The meniscus oscillating conditions to provide a good surface quality were estimated by examining the relationship between the surface roughness of a cast tin and the dynamic meniscus behavior. It was found that the meniscus is not stationary but repeats an intermittently contacting between the mold and the metal. The intermittently contacting distance, the meniscus height and the meniscus depth can be controlled by the magnetic field intensity and the relative position of the coil. It is estimated that the intermittently contacting behavior plays an important role in improving the surface quality of cast ingots.
Oxoestrapolyene Ketals as Antilipemic Agents (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxoestrapolyene Ketals as Antilipemic AgentsG. C. Buzby Jr., R. A. Edgren, J. A. Fisher, G. A. Hughes, R. C. Jones, K. Ledig, T. W. Pattison, R. Rees, Herchel Smith, Leland L. Smith, D. M. Teller, and G. R. WendtCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1964, 7, 6, 755–758Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00336a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00336a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Leishmaniasis: Current Status of Vaccine Development (2004)

Leishmaniasis, a spectrum of diseases caused by various forms of Leishmania has become a major health problem all over the world. Vaccination against leishmaniasis has passed through many developmental stages beginning with the ancient practice of 'leishmanization'. Due to various problems and difficulties associated with traditional vaccines, the interest has been shifted to novel approaches of vaccination like DNA vaccination, vaccination with live vectors encoding leishmanial antigens and finally to designer vaccines. In an effort towards developing an anti-leishmanial vaccine, our laboratory has been working on various genes present in an amplified locus of Leishmania known as the 'LD1 locus'. Two genes, ORFF and BT1 (previously ORFG), are part of the multigenic LD1 locus on chromosome 35. BT1 encodes a biopterin transporter, while the function of ORFF gene product is unknown. Immunization of mice with recombinant ORFF (rORFF) and BT1 proteins, individually, or in combination, conferred partial protection against challenge with Leishmania donovani. We also tested the protective efficacy of ORFF DNA vaccine in BALB/c mice model and found that the level of protection was significantly higher than that of ORFF protein. Protection conferred by ORFF DNA vaccine correlated with significant levels of in vitro splenocyte proliferation and low levels of antigen-specific antibodies. There was a preferential production of IFN-gamma compared to IL-4, which indicated the induction of a protective Th1 response, by the DNA vaccine. Thus, DNA immunization may offer an attractive alternative strategy against leishmaniasis. We present here the current status of vaccine development against leishmaniasis.
Obstacle Avoidance Behavior for a Biologically-inspired Mobile Robot Using Binaural Ultrasonic Sensors (2006)

Many untethered mobile robots require an operator's vision and intelligence for guidance and navigation. Animals and insects, however, use sensory systems such as hearing, and tactile inputs to move autonomously through their environment. This paper discusses the implementation of a binaural sensory pod using an ultrasonic emitter and two receivers on a mobile robot that employs legged-style locomotion. A series of obstacle avoidance behaviors programmed onto a microcontroller allows the robot is to successfully navigate a cluttered environment both semi-autonomously and autonomously
Importance of preoperative myocardial glycogen levels in human cardiac preservation. Preliminary report. (1979)

One hundred seventeen patients undergoing elective coronary bypass were divided into four groups according to prebypass myocardial glycogen levels and the use of potassium chloride cardioplegia. Myocardial glycogen levels were enhanced with a preoperative fat loading diet and overnight glucose loading. The control group (n = 27) which had mean cardiac glycogen levels of 750 mg/100 gm heart weight and no cardioplegia, had a transmural myocardial infarct rate of 14.4%; 35% had severe atrial arrhythmias 65% had severe ventricular arrhythmias, and 31% had severe vasopressor dependence. The group (n = 30) with low cardiac glycogen (736 mg/100 gm) and with potassium chloride cardioplegia had an infarct rate of 6.4%; 6.7% had severe atrial arrhythmias, 18% had severe ventricular arrhythmias, and 16.7% had severe vasopressor dependence. However, the group (n = 26) which had high cardiac glycogen levels (1,208 mg/100 gm) and no cardioplegia had no myocardial infarctions; 3.8% had severe atrial arrhythmias, 27% had severe ventricular arrhythmias, and only 7.8% had severe vasopressor need. The group (n = 34) which had high glycogen levels (1,516 mg/100 gm) and potassium chloride cardioplegia did best of all with no myocardial infarctions or no severe atrial arrhythmias; 14% had severe ventricular arrhythmias and 2.81% severe vasopressor need. The lessening of vasopressor dependence and severe atrial and ventricular arrhythmias were significant by chi square contingency tables at p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.001, respectively. One cardiac-related death each occurred in the two groups with low glycogen and none in those with high glycogen levels. This suggests that better preoperative cardiac nutrition as represented by enhanced cardiac glycogen helps that heart tolerate anoxic stress whether cardioplegia is utilized or not and is additive to potassium chloride cardioplegia.
Protocols for Vaginal Inoculation and Sample Collection in the Experimental Mouse Model of <em>Candida</em> vaginitis (2011)

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), caused by Candida species, is a fungal infection of the lower female genital tract that affects approximately 75% of otherwise healthy women during their reproductive years. Predisposing factors include antibiotic usage, uncontrolled diabetes and disturbance in reproductive hormone levels due to pregnancy, oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapies. Recurrent VVC (RVVC), defined as three or more episodes per year, affects a separate 5 to 8% of women with no predisposing factors. An experimental mouse model of VVC has been established and used to study the pathogenesis and mucosal host response to Candida. This model has also been employed to test potential antifungal therapies in vivo. The model requires that the animals be maintained in a state of pseudoestrus for optimal Candida colonization/infection. Under such conditions, inoculated animals will have detectable vaginal fungal burden for weeks to months. Past studies show an extremely high parallel between the animal model and human infection relative to immunological and physiological properties. Differences, however, include a lack of Candida as normal vaginal flora and a neutral vaginal pH in the mice. Here, we demonstrate a series of key methods in the mouse vaginitis model that include vaginal inoculation, rapid collection of vaginal specimens, assessment of vaginal fungal burden, and tissue preparations for cellular extraction/isolation. This is followed by representative results for constituents of vaginal lavage fluid, fungal burden, and draining lymph node leukocyte yields. With the use of anesthetics, lavage samples can be collected at multiple time points on the same mice for longitudinal evaluation of infection/colonization. Furthermore, this model requires no immunosuppressive agents to initiate infection, allowing immunological studies under defined host conditions. Finally, the model and each technique introduced here could potentially give rise to use of the methodologies to examine other infectious diseases of the lower female genital tract (bacterial, parasitic, viral) and respective local or systemic host defenses.
Power scaling of cladding-pumped Tm-doped silica fibre lasers (2001)

Wavelength-combining of four cladding-pumped Tm-doped silica fibre lasers in an external cavity has yielded 11 W of output power in a single output beam in the 2µm spectral region for ~85W of launched diode power.
Effects of oral ethanol on end‐tidal CO<sub>2</sub> tension in patients misusing alcohol (1999)

This study examines the effect of oral ethanol ingestion on P(et)CO₂ and other respiratory variables in alcohol-misusing subjects. Twelve patients were given a loading dose of alcohol (0.270 g/kg) followed by a second dose (0.135 g/kg) half an hour later, increasing blood alcohol to a mean of 82.0 +/- 10.3 (SEM) mg/100 ml at 1 hour. Five patients were classified as hazardous drinkers with evidence of mild alcohol dependence but no toxicity (Severity of Alcohol Dependency (SADQ) score < 15/60; serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin < 6%). These patients showed a significant fall in mean end-tidal PCO² (P(et)CO₂) on alcohol (2.08 +/- 0.61 mm Hg; p = 0.027) with slightly increased ventilation (1.76 +/- 0.94 1 min(-1), p = 0.14); responses similar to those previously reported for normal subjects. Seven patients had evidence of moderate alcohol dependency and/or recent use (SADQ > 15/60; CDT > 6%). In these patients P et CO₂ did not fall after alcohol challenge (mean change + 0.61 mm Hg; p > 0.30). There were significant correlations between the changes in P et CO₂ and CDT (n = 12; r(s)= 0.66, p = 0.019) and SADQ (n = 11; r(s)= 0.688, p = 0.019). The results show that P(et)CO₂ control is abnormal in the alcohol dependency syndrome.
Genetic Linkage Mapping of Basil (Ocimum basilicum) (2010)

The ultimate goal of this project is to develop a genetic linkage map of basil (Ocimumbasilicum). We received 1 year of funding from BARD to conduct a feasibility study. Below is a summary of our study. During this year we evaluated the cultivars ‘Perrie’ and ‘Cardinal’ for DNA sequence polymorphisms using AFLPs and gene-based markers. We evaluated an F2 population for variation in production of volatile compounds. We also determined the nuclear DNA content of 8 species of Ocimum. All of this information will be useful in the future for genetic linkage mapping of basil.
Simultaneous Serodetection of 10 Highly Prevalent Mouse Infectious Pathogens in a Single Reaction by Multiplex Analysis (2005)

Under current practices of mouse colony maintenance, sera from mice are analyzed for antibodies against several widespread infectious pathogens by conventional immunoassays, generally enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To test for multiple agents, these methods consume large volumes of mouse serum and are laborious and time-consuming. More efficient immunoassays, using small amounts of sample, are therefore needed. Accordingly, we have developed a novel multiplex diagnostic system that employs fluorescent microbeads, coated with purified antigens, for simultaneous serodetection of 10 mouse infectious agents. Individually identifiable, fluorescent microbeads were coated with antigens from Sendai virus, mouse hepatitis virus, Theiler's mouse encephalomyelitis virus/GDVII strain, mouse minute virus, mouse cytomegalovirus, respiratory enteric orphan virus (Reo-3 virus), mouse parvovirus, calf rotavirus for epizootic diarrhea virus of infant mice, vaccinia virus for ectromelia virus, and Mycoplasma pulmonis. Standard sera, singly positive for antibodies to individual infectious agents, were generated by inoculation of BALB/cj and C57BL/6j mice. Sera from these experimentally infected mice, as well as sera from naturally infected mice, were analyzed using a mixture of microbeads coated with antigens of the 10 infectious agents listed above. Results demonstrated that the multiplex assay was at least as sensitive and specific as ELISA for serodetection. Importantly, the multiplex assay required only 1 microliter of serum for simultaneous serodetection of the 10 mouse infectious agents in one reaction vessel. Thus, this multiplex microbead assay is a reliable, efficient, and cost-effective diagnostic modality that will impact serosurveillance of mice used in research.
Grain‐Growth Behavior during Stepwise Sintering of Barium Titanate in Hydrogen Gas and Air (2003)

To study the effect of oxygen partial pressure on grain growth in BaTiO 3 , TiO 2 ‐excess samples have been sintered in air with and without a prior H 2 heat treatment. Without prior H 2 treatment, abnormal grain growth occurs below and above the eutectic temperature ( T e ). An introduction of H 2 treatment before air sintering, however, increases the average grain size and suppresses the formation of abnormal grains during subsequent air sintering below and above T e . This H 2 treatment effect has been explained in terms of a decrease of the driving force for the growth of faceted grains below a critical value for formation of abnormal grains. The observed grain‐growth behavior under various atmospheres demonstrates the possibility of having various microstructures via control of oxygen partial pressure and initial grain size.
Optimization of high harmonic generation driven by an ytterbium-doped fiber chirped pulse amplification at a repetition of 100 kHz (2011)

In this contribution, the authors focus on the optimization of moderate order harmonics and report experimental results on high repetition rate high harmonic generation (HHG) with a fiber chirped pulse amplification (FCPA) system that delivers 100 μJ, 500 fs pulses at a repetition rate of 100 kHz. Harmonics are generated in a continuous gas jet delivered by a capillary tube.