gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spotlight on mycobacteria and dendritic cells: will novel targets to fight tuberculosis emerge? (2009)

Over thousands of years microbes and mammals have co-evolved, resulting in extraordinarily sophisticated molecular mechanisms permitting the organisms to survive together. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the best examples of successful co-evolution, since the bacilli have infected one third of the human population, but in 90% of the cases without causing overt disease. Despite this, increasing incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and the emergence of drug-resistant strains means that tuberculosis is in fact an extremely serious emerging threat to global health. Decades of work have focused on the interaction of this pathogen with its established cellular host, the macrophage, but still novel therapeautics remain elusive. While the macrophage is clearly important, recent evidence suggests that understanding the role of dendritic cells, which are key regulators of immunity, may be a crucial step in identifying new means of controlling this disease. Novel technologies, in particular genome-wide transcriptome analyses, are advancing our ability to dissect the complex dynamic relationships between dendritic cells and mycobacteria, highlighting new areas for study that have not been previously explored.
<i>Sterculia diversifolia</i> bears anti-cancer and immunomodulatory activities (2017)

<p class="Abstract">The present study was aimed to evaluate the methanolic extract and subsequent solvents soluble fractions of <em>Sterculia </em>diversifolia bark for cytotoxic, anti-cancer and immunomodulatory activities. Phytochemical investigation confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, etc. In the cytotoxic activity, n-hexane showed potent activity (LD<sub>50</sub>: 7.0 µg/mL) followed by dichloromethane fraction (LD<sub>50</sub>: 16.2 µg/mL). In the anti-cancer activity, dichloromethane fraction showed potent activity (IC<sub>50</sub>: 5.9 µg/mL) followed by ethyl acetate fraction (IC<sub>50</sub>: 9.5 µg/mL). While in the immunomodulatory assay, ethyl acetate fraction showed a very significant activity (IC<sub>50</sub>: 21.0 µg/mL) followed by dicloromethane and n-butanol fractions (IC<sub>50</sub>: 25.0 and 25.3 µg/mL respectively). Hence, it is clear that <em>S. </em>diversifolia has anti-cancer and immunomodulatory agents.</p>
Socket grafting with calcium phosphosilicate alloplast putty: a histomorphometric evaluation. (2012)

Clinical and histomorphometric data suggests that CPS putty is a good choice for socket bone regeneration in implant-related surgeries.
The Oriented Growth of Precipitates on Dislocations in Al-Zn-Mg (1980)

Precipitate particles which nucleate hetergeneously on dislocation lines may have their subsequent growth assisted by the presence of these dislocations. This effect is best studied by examining the growth of fine particles still in intimate contact with dislocations, as these particles persumably reflect most strongly the influence of dislocations on precipitate growth kinetics. The advent of weak-beam microscopy has made such studies possible. Recent work has shown that the technique is able to reveal the presence of particles as small as 1.5 nm in extent along dislocation lines.
Ultrafast time-division demultiplexer based on electrooptic on/off gates (1992)

Electrooptic on/off gate-based demultiplexers for high-bit-rate optical transmission systems are reported. The electrooptic demultiplexing of a TDM 49.6 Gb/s fixed pattern data stream is demonstrated, using two cascaded Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ electroabsorptive multi-quantum-well intensity modulators driven at 6.2 GHz. Error-free 10 Gb/s demultiplexing to 5 Gb/s is achieved using cascaded Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulators driven at 1.25 GHz. The power penalty due to the interchannel crosstalk is 0.3 dB at the bit error rate of 10/sup -9/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mechanical wall stresses on three-dimensionally reconstructed models of abdominal aortic aneurysm (2003)

We developed a methodology to estimate in-vivo wall stress distribution for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) on a patient-to-patient basis. Computed tomography scans were used to three-dimensionally reconstruct the in-situ geometry of intact AAA. The 3D models of 6 AAA and 1 non-aneurysmal control aorta were meshed with hyperelastic, quadrilateral shell elements with constant wall thickness, and the finite element method was used to compute wall stress distribution under systolic blood pressure.
Development of simple standard assay procedures for the characterization of snake venom. (1983)

In accordance with the recommendations of the report of a WHO Coordination Meeting on Venoms and Antivenoms, methods have been developed for the assessment of lethal, defibrinogenating, procoagulant, haemorrhagic, and necrotizing properties of venoms, and used to study 53 venoms from 30 different species of snakes of medical importance throughout the world. The venoms studied included Echis carinatus (Iran), Naja naja kaouthia (Thailand), Notechis scutatus (Australia), Trimeresurus flavoviridis (Japan), Vipera russelli (Thailand), and Crotalus atrox (USA), which comprise six of the eight venoms designated by WHO as international reference venoms (IRVs). (C. atrox venom replaced C. adamanteus venom, as an adequate supply of the latter was not available.) The tests used were simple and should be reproducible in other laboratories throughout the world. Procedures for assaying neuromuscular paralytic activity and systemic myotoxic activity have yet to be developed.The tests will be used to assay the neutralizing potency of both international standard antivenoms (raised using the IRVs) and new and currently available commercial antivenoms. Such studies should result in the production of more potent antivenoms for use in both developing and developed countries, and improve the understanding and management of snake bite throughout the world.
Light-Induced Flipping of a Conserved Glutamine Sidechain and Its Orientation in the AppA BLUF Domain (2006)

The AppA BLUF domain is a blue light photoreceptor containing flavin. Conserved glutamine 63 is necessary for the photocycle of the protein, and its side chain has been proposed to flip in response to blue light illumination. Recently published crystal structures of AppA WT and the AppA mutant C20S describe contradictory conclusions regarding the orientation of the conserved glutamine 63 side chain in the dark. Here, we present evidence from NMR spectroscopy confirming light-induced flipping of the glutamine side chain to form a strong hydrogen bond between the glutamine 63 side chain carbonyl group and the tyrosine 21 side chain hydroxyl proton in the light-induced state. Our conclusions are consistent with published data from UV/vis absorbance and FTIR spectroscopy, as well as the crystal structure of AppA WT.
Hidden Markov Model Symbol Recognition for Sketch-Based Interfaces. (2004)

A central challenge for sketch-based interfaces is robust symbol recognition. Artifacts such as sketching style, pixelized symbol representation and affine transformations are just a few of the problems. Temporal pattern recognition through Hidden Markov Models (HMM) can be used to recognize and distinguish symbols as pixel-driven gestures. The key challenges of such a system are the type and amount of necessary pre-processing, feature extraction, HMM parameter selection and optional post processing. In this paper, we describe a recognition strategy based on HMMs and include recognition results on twelve sketched symbols. In addition, we have successfully applied this methodology to a PDA sketch-based interface to control a team of robots. The symbol recognition component is used to identify sketched formations and issue commands that drive the behavior of the robot team.
611 Aerodynamics of reusable launch vehicle in turning over (2005)

One of the most important issues as for the reusable launch vehicle is aerodynamics by the turning over. When the reusable launch vehicle is at the landing phase, it starts to turning over for vertical landing. Then the flows around a vehicle at high angle of attack possibly cause unexpected aerodynamic forces. In order to investigate the influence of such the flow field in around the rocket body, wind tunnel test and visualization were done in low speed tunnel. Results of wind tunnel test and visualization show that characteristic unsteady aerodynamic forces act upon the rocket at 75deg and 90deg. So we must turn our attention to the aerodynamic forces at 75deg and 90deg.
Soft x-ray spectroscopic investigations in experiments on Z-pinch stabilization (1996)

X-ray spectroscopic methods were used to investigate the spatial distribution of Z-pinch plasma parameters. Experiments were carried out on the GAEL pulse line generator in Ecole Polytechnique (France) with different types of load. Obtained results for the concentration of electrons and plasma temperature showed that higher plasma homogeneity was obtained in experiments with complex load. Spectrograms demonstrate the stabilization effect of the Al-jet.
Rapid modification of the glycocalyx caused by ischemia-reperfusion is inhibited by adenosine A<sub>2A</sub>receptor activation (2003)

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) has been shown to cause microvascular dysfunction and to alter the appearance of the glycocalyx in electron micrographs. We hypothesized that I/R injury might alter the structure and/or permeability of the glycocalyx. Prior work had shown a role for adenosine in protection from I/R injury, and, therefore, we also explored the idea that activation of the adenosine A(2A) receptor would attenuate I/R glycocalyx injury. Here, we report that I/R causes a rapid and dramatic decrease in the ability of the glycocalyx to exclude FITC-Dextran 70 (Dex70). Over a reperfusion period of 45 min, the glycocalyx dye exclusion zone for Dex70 decreased by one-half in capillaries and postcapillary venules, whereas the red blood cell exclusion zone was very slightly reduced in capillaries only. Pretreatment with the A(2A) agonist ATL-146e significantly inhibited the changes in both vessel types. The modifications of the glycocalyx appear to be an early step in the inflammatory cascade typically associated with reperfusion injury, and adenosine A(2A) receptor activation may play a role in protection from this injury.
A Dynamic Discrete Fracture Model for Simulation of Tight Low-Permeability Reservoirs (2014)

Abstract Tight Low-Permeability reservoirs are characterized by natural fractures and hydraulic fractures, fractures frequently generated in injectors during long-term waterflooding operations. These fractures may have a significant impact on process performance and ultimate recovery. It is a great challenge to model accurately fluid flow between multi-scale, dynamic fractures and tight matrix rock. In this paper, we develop a dynamic discrete Fracture modeling approach (DDFM) to simulate complicated flow through multiple fractures and tight matrix rock. The discrete fracture modeling (DFM) approach is applied to describe realistic large-scale fractures individually and explicitly. This entails highly constrained unstructured gridding and construction of a transmissibility list of all neighboring cells. The micro-fracture system is modeled by permeability sensitive to the stress change to resolve dynamic opening and closing. A fracture growth model was developed that incorporates the effect of geo-mechanical impact by injection pressure and injection-production ratio, which can simulate the formation of fractures and update the unstructured grid in a timely manner. The new model allows us to better understand the multi-scale and multi-physics flow behavior caused by complex fracture system. The simulation results show that reservoir dynamic fractures play an important role in both direction and speed of water displacement fronts through tight low-permeability reservoirs. The oil recovery rate can increase or decrease significantly depending on the fractures orientation and the rate of fracture growth. The proposed simulation method provides a useful tool for modeling the effect of fractures on waterflooding performance and can be used to optimize injection pressures and rates, water quality as well as well patterns for maximizing oil recovery. 1 Introduction Tight Low-Permeability reservoirs have low permeability and tiny pores. The long-term waterflooding operation always leads to a pressure increase near the wellbore. Because of the increase in pressure, most injection wells will generate dynamic fractures. These fractures generate during waterflooding operations and expand gradually over time, which seriously influence the reservoir performance and sweep efficiency. So the fracture propagation needs to be analyzed. The fracture length in conventional models was constant, so how to describe and simulate the dynamic change of fractures poses a challenge to discrete fracture modeling.
Electrical tomography for the monitoring of water moisture in painted walls and ceilings (2010)

Painted walls represent a great heritage of cultural and artistic value. Unfortunately, these works of art, especially the frescos, are constantly attacked by moisture and salt content in the wall plaster, thus, particular attention has to be paid on their conservation state. Nevertheless, there are no many instruments that permit to detect the wall state without causing damages to the paintings. For these reasons, a non-invasive measuring system, which is based on resistivity measurements, is proposed to investigate the moisture content in painted walls and ceilings. The method is able to provide information not only at the wall surface but also at few centimeters beneath the painting, thus allowing one to detect dangerous situations before the deteriorating effects take place. Despite the attention has been focused on the conservation of work of arts, the proposed system can be employed in many other fields including the building sector in general.
Tensile properties of SiC/aluminum filamentary composites - Thermal degradation effects (1982)

Aluminium metal matrix composites with a low cost fiber, e.g. SiC, provide for an attractive combination of high elastic modulus and longitudinal strengths coupled with a low density. SiC (volume fraction 0.55)-aluminum (6061) systems have been studied in order to optimize fiber composite strength and processing parameters. A comparison of two SiC/aluminum composites produced by AVCO and DWA is provided. Fiber properties are shown to alter composite tensile properties and fracture morphology. The room temperature tensile strengths appear to be insensitive to thermal exposures at 500 C up to 150 h. The elastic modulus of the composites also appears to be stable up to 400 C, however variations in the loss modulus are apparent. The fracture morphology reflects the quality of the interfacial bond, fiber strengths and fiber processing.
Residual Toxicity of Acaricides to Three Beneficial Species on California Citrus (1987)

Impacts of field-weathered residues of nine acaricides (amitraz, avermectin + oil, chlorobenzilate + oil, cyhexatin, dicofol, fenbutatin-oxide, oil, oxythioquinox, and propargite) on survival of selected beneficial arthropods of citrus (Aphytis melinus DeBach, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant, and Euseius stipulatus Athias-Henriot) were evaluated in two field trials. Concurrent with bioassays, foliar residue analyses were performed and were correlated with mortality. With the exception of moderate (causing <50% mortality) and short-term (<30 d persistence) toxicity with amitraz and cyhexatin to A. melinus, none of the pesticides caused significant residual mortality to either A. melinus or C. montrouzieri. Similarly, fenbutatin-oxide, narrow-range oil, and avermectin + oil residues were fairly innocuous to E. stipulatus, causing a maximum of 10% mortality and dissipating to nonsignificant levels in 6 d. The remaining materials caused significant mortality to E. stipulatus; their order of residual toxicity was dicofol > amitraz > oxythioquinox > cyhexatin > chlorobenzilate + oil > propargite (least persistently toxic).
Ultrafast Forster transfer in a highly fluorescent polymer blend (2002)

Summary form only. Blue fluorescent polymers are considered promising materials for light emitting devices: they can be used in pure phase as competitors of inorganic blue LEDs and lasers, or adopted as energy donors for color conversion in organic structures. This process can be realized by Forster energy transfer in polymer blends, thus providing a simple way to build tunable emission devices. In this work we investigate in time domain the ultrafast Forster energy transfer in blends of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) doped with tetraphenylporphirin (TPP), as a function of doping concentration. Pump-probe measurements were performed using 180-fs pump pulses.
Ligand Exchange and the Stoichiometry of Metal Chalcogenide Nanocrystals: Spectroscopic Observation of Facile Metal-Carboxylate Displacement and Binding (2013)

We demonstrate that metal carboxylate complexes (L-M(O2CR)2, R = oleyl, tetradecyl, M = Cd, Pb) are readily displaced from carboxylate-terminated ME nanocrystals (ME = CdSe, CdS, PbSe, PbS) by various Lewis bases (L = tri-n-butylamine, tetrahydrofuran, tetradecanol, N,N-dimethyl-n-butylamine, tri-n-butylphosphine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylbutylene-1,4-diamine, pyridine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylene-1,2-diamine, n-octylamine). The relative displacement potency is measured by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and depends most strongly on geometric factors such as sterics and chelation, although also on the hard/soft match with the cadmium ion. The results suggest that ligands displace L-M(O2CR)2 by cooperatively complexing the displaced metal ion as well as the nanocrystal. Removal of up to 90% of surface-bound Cd(O2CR)2 from CdSe and CdS nanocrystals decreases the Cd/Se ratio from 1.1 ± 0.06 to 1.0 ± 0.05, broadens the 1S(e)-2S(3/2h) absorption, and decreases the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) from 10% to <1% (CdSe) and from 20% to <1% (CdS). These changes are partially reversed upon rebinding of M(O2CR)2 at room temperature (∼60%) and fully reversed at elevated temperature. A model is proposed in which electron-accepting M(O2CR)2 complexes (Z-type ligands) reversibly bind to nanocrystals, leading to a range of stoichiometries for a given core size. The results demonstrate that nanocrystals lack a single chemical formula, but are instead dynamic structures with concentration-dependent compositions. The importance of these findings to the synthesis and purification of nanocrystals as well as ligand exchange reactions is discussed.
Understanding laser stabilization using spectral hole burning (2007)

There have recently been several studies of the performance of laser frequency stabilization using spectral holes in solids, instead of an external cavity, as a frequency reference. Here an analytical theory for Pound-Drever-Hall laser frequency stabilization using spectral hole-burning is developed. The interaction between the atomic medium and the phase modulated light is described using a linearized model of the Maxwell-Bloch equations. The interplay between the carrier and modulation sidebands reveals significant differences from the case of locking to a cavity. These include a different optimum modulation index, an optimum sample absorption, and the possibility to lock the laser in an inherent linear frequency drift mode. Spectral holes in solids can be permanent or transient. For the materials normally used, the dynamics and time scales of transient holes often depend on population relaxation processes between ground state hyperfine levels. These relaxation rates can be very different for different solid state materials. We demonstrate, using radio-frequency pumping, that the hyperfine population dynamics may be controlled and tailored to give optimum frequency stabilization performance. In this way also materials with initially non-optimum performance can be used for stabilization. The theoretical predictions regarding the inherent linear frequency drift is compared to experimental data from a dye laser stabilized to a spectral hole in a Pr(3+)3+:Y(2)SiO(5) crystal.
Nano-Electro-Mechanical (NEM) Relay Devices and Technology for Ultra-Low Energy Digital Integrated Circuits - eScholarship (2012)

Complementary-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology scaling has brought about an integrated circuits (IC) revolution over the past 40+ years, due to dramatic increases in IC functionality and performance, concomitant with reductions in cost per function. In the last decade, increasing power density has emerged to be the primary barrier to continued rapid advancement in IC technology, fundamentally due to non-zero transistor off-state leakage. While innovations in materials, transistor structures, and circuit/system architecture have enabled the semiconductor industry to continue to push the boundaries, a fundamental lower limit in energy per operation will eventually be reached. A more ideal switching device with zero off-state leakage becomes necessary.This dissertation proposes a solution to the CMOS power crisis via mechanical computing. Specifically, robust electro-mechanical relay technologies are developed for digital circuit application. A 4-Terminal (4T) relay design is firstly developed. Key technology features include tungsten contacts for high endurance; low-thermal-budget p+-poly-Si0.4Ge0.6 structure for post-CMOS process compatibility; Al2O3 as a reliable insulation material; dry release step to mitigate stiction; and folded-flexure design to mitigate the impact of residual stress. Fabricated relays show good conductance ( R ON I OFF ~ 10 -14 A). Switching delay in the 100 ns range and endurance exceeding 10 9 on/off cycles is achieved with excellent device yield (> 95%). With relay design and process optimizations, pull-in voltage below 10 V with less than 1 V hysteresis is achieved. Miniaturization reduces the device footprint to 35μm×50μm, ~10% of the first generation device footprint (120μm×150μm). Relays with multiple source/drain electrodes and multiple gate electrodes are proposed for increased circuit functionality and reduced device count.Finally, simple relay-based logic circuits are demonstrated to show pathways to relay-based digital integrated circuits. The complementary inverter is the basis for all digital logic circuits and is investigated in depth. Relay-based logic gates are demonstrated using CMOS-like and relay-specific design approaches. Multi-input/multi-output relays are proposed to enable any complex logic function to be implemented compactly with only two relays.
Modal analysis of the electromechanical conversion in piezoelectric ceramic spherical shells (2011)

The current study considers piezoelectric ceramic electromechanical transducers utilizing axisymmetric vibrations of complete and incomplete spherical shells. Analysis is focused on generating the modes of vibration that can be employed in the design of multimode unidirectional electroacoustic transducers for underwater applications and on determining the electrode configurations that achieve optimal electromechanical coupling for the different modes of vibration considered. Analytical expressions are presented for the modal and intermodal equivalent parameters characterizing the energy state of the shell vibration. Results of calculation and experimental verification of the resonance frequencies and effective coupling coefficients for different modes of vibration of the complete and incomplete spherical shells are in good agreement.