gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance comparison of combined ECC/RLL codes (1990)

The authors present a comparison of several combined error-correcting/run-length-limited codes created by concatenating a convolutional code with a run-length-limited code. Encoding and decoding are accomplished using a single trellis based on the combined code. Half of the codes under investigation use conventional (d,k) run-length-limited codes, where d is the minimum and k is the maximum allowable run of 0s between 1s. The other half use a special class of distance-preserving codes which have the property that the pairwise Hamming distances out of the (d,k) encoder are at least as large as the corresponding distances into the encoder. Thus a combined code, created using a convolutional code concatenated with a distance-preserving (d,k) code, will have a free distance no smaller than that of the original convolutional code. A computer simulation compares the performance of these two types of codes over the binary symmetric channel for various (d,k) constraints, rates, free distances, and numbers of states. Of particular interest for magnetic recording applications ar codes with run-length constraints
ChemInform Abstract: Substituted Amides and Hydrazides of Dicarboxylic Acids. Part 11. Synthesis and Hypertensive Activity of a Series of Pyridylamides of Several Dicarboxylic Acids. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rate controlling and composition analysis of alloy deposition processes by electron impact emission spectroscopy (EIES) (1977)

The technique of electron-impact emission spectroscopy (EIES) has been used to monitor and control the alloy deposition process. The multicomponent evaporant flux is allowed to pass through a sensor where it is excited by electron bombardement. Narrow-band optical filters are employed to select the specific emission line or lines from each component. At a specific electron-excitation energy, the emission intensity of the characteristic spectral lines from any constitutent is proportional to the number density of that constituent in the vapor flux. Experimental results on an aluminum–copper alloy system indicate that this technique has sufficient sensitivity and selectivity for most alloy deposition processes. EIES also offers several advantages over other existing monitoring techniques.
A case for assisted partial timing support using precision timing protocol packet synchronization for LTE-A (2014)

North American service providers are in the process of upgrading their radio access networks with next generation LTE equipment. They are finalizing a 4G rollout that involves highly stringent timing requirements, but in many cases they are relying on sole-source synchronization by using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Natural occurring disturbances, as well as unintentional radio frequency jamming, intentional jamming, and spoofing, make GNSS vulnerable to interference. This article presents a novel approach for addressing the issue of GNSS vulnerability by introducing a standard means of providing a redundant packet-based synchronization source for LTE base stations. It also describes how this new approach can mitigate noise caused by asymmetry and transit delay variation in packet networks.
The evolution of methods for female sterilization (1995)

Methods for the sterilization of women by occlusion of the Fallopian tubes have evolved by changes in the approaches to the tubes and trials of various methods for occluding the tubal lumen. Approaches to the tube have included: the anterior abdominal wall routes by laparotomy, minilaparotomy and laparoscopy; a vaginal approach through the posterior vaginal fornix; and transcervical approaches, either blind, or via the hysteroscope. Methods for obtaining tubal occlusion have included: excision and suture techniques; electrocautery; clips and rings; intratubal occlusive devices and chemicals introduced into the tubal lumen. The development of each of the approaches to the tube and of the methods for obtaining tubal occlusion are discussed.
Hydraulic limits on tree performance: Transpiration, carbon gain and growth of trees (2002)

An overview of the relationship between plant gas exchange, the potential hydraulic gradient, the size of the plant and its hydraulic conductance is presented. Key references are used to exemplify arguments of whole-plant optimality and to explain the origin and development of the dominant paradigm for interpreting the nature of water use and growth in plants.
Serum chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), schwangerschaftsprotein 1(SP1), progesterone and oestradiol levels in patients with nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy (1985)

Serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), schwangerschaftsprotein 1(SP1), progesterone and oestradiol were measured in 116 pregnant women experiencing varying degrees of nausea and vomiting or no nausea at all at between 9 and 16 weeks gestation. The patients were categorized into four groups, namely asymptomatic, nausea alone, nausea and vomiting and hyperemesis gravidarum. The distribution of levels for each group were examined in relation to the calculated normal ranges. Statistically higher hCG levels were found in out-patients with nausea alone or nausea and vomiting than in the asymptomatic women. No significant differences were found between the groups for any of the other measured variables, including the progesterone/oestradiol concentration ratio.
Rapid Novel Facile Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles From Bacterial Release Induce Biogenicity and Concentration Dependent In Vivo Cytotoxicity With Embryonic Zebrafish—A Mechanistic Insight (2017)

In this study, rapid one step facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was done using culture supernatant of two Gram positive (B. thuringiensis and S. aureus) and Gram negative (E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium [STAgNP]) bacterial strains and were termed as "Bacillus thuringiensis," "Staphylococcus aureus," "Escherichia coli," and "STAgNP," respectively. Synthesized AgNPs were well characterized with the help of different standard techniques like FESEM, DLS, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared. Mechanism of AgNPs synthesis was elucidated using in silico approach. In vivo cytotoxicity of synthesized AgNPs was assessed in embryonic Zebrafish model with the help of uptake, oxidative stress, and apoptosis induction experimental assays, and the mechanism was investigated through in silico approach at the molecular level. The result showed successful biosynthesis of 20-40 nm sized AgNPs stable with zeta potential of - 45 to - 35 mV having standard silver nanoparticles SPR peaks due to the interaction of reduced silver particles with amino acid residues of bapA proteins of the bacterial supernatant. In vivo cytotoxicity with embryonic Zebrafish was found to be dependent on biogenicity and concentration of biosynthesized AgNPs as consequence of oxidative stress induction and apoptosis due to the influential regulation of sod1 and tp53 genes clarified by pathway analysis with reference to experimental and computational results. The study suggested that cytotoxicity of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles from bacteria depends on strain specificity with significant difference in use of Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains.
Changes in indices of antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and inflammation in human skeletal muscle after eccentric muscle actions (1999)

This study investigated the effects of chronic muscle inflammation on indices of antioxidant status and muscle injury after eccentric exercise. Eight subjects each performed 70 maximal voluntary eccentric muscle actions on an isokinetic dynamometer, using the knee extensors of a single leg. Venous blood samples were collected into serum and EDTA tubes 5 and 3 days before exercise, immediately before exercise, and then again on days 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10 and 12 after the bout. Needle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis of six subjects, a week before exercise (baseline), and again on days 4 and 7 post-exercise. The concentrations of malondialdehyde in plasma and muscle were used as markers of lipid peroxidation. Creatine kinase activity, beta-glucuronidase activity and total antioxidant capacity were determined in serum. In muscle, aqueous and bound total antioxidant capacity, the aqueous sulphydryl concentration, and beta-glucuronidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity were determined. No changes were detected in serum total antioxidant capacity, serum creatine kinase and beta-glucuronidase after the baseline biopsy. After exercise serum creatine kinase and beta-glucuronidase were elevated although other serum measures were unchanged. In muscle, aqueous and bound total antioxidant capacity, sulphydryls, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and beta-glucuronidase were all elevated. Despite evidence of inflammation in this study, muscle antioxidant status was not compromised, and malondialdehyde was unaltered in muscle and plasma. Therefore, this study provides no evidence that chronic muscle inflammation compromises antioxidant status or increases lipid peroxidation.
[Post-operative respiratory failure in lung cancer patients.]. (1999)

Respiratory tract infection , operative wound , incision pain , abnormal pre-operative cardio-pulmonary function , etc , are the major reasons which caused post-operative respiratory failure. Correct diagnosis , tracheotomy as early as possible and mechanical ventilation are the most efficient ways to save lifes. Strengthening management on respiratory tract in peri-operative period and avoiding post-operative complications are the keys of preventing post-operative respiratory failure.
A solution architecture for financial institutions to handle illegal activities: a neural networks approach (2004)

The banking and financial services industry today relies heavily on the use of networked computerized data systems to manage financial accounts and information on a real-time basis for millions of customers. This underlying technology is a source of a large quantity of information that can be used in the identification and prevention of financial fraud involving the illegal/unauthorized transfer of funds by entities external and internal to the victim financial institution. This paper develops a concept involving the use of neural networks to correlate information from a variety of technological and database sources to identify suspicious account activity.
[A literature review of concentrations of arsenic, lead, cadmium and mercury in body fluids and tissues for establishing normal values and detection of body burden. 4. Lead, summary of average values for As, Cd, Hg and literature references]. (1989)

The last of 4 communications on metal concentrations in human body media deals with lead. It includes also a summary of mean exposure levels, critically elevated levels, and references. Publications obtained from a comprehensive data bank search from January 1980 to April 1984 are listed in tables; study groups have been assigned to the following categories: normal; exposed; and exposed, exhibiting adverse health effects. Quality and strength of evidence of analytical procedures and reported data are discussed, particularly in light of adverse health effects. General methods and individual analytical procedures were presented in the 1st communication.
Effect of Thymus Enclosed in Millipore Diffusion Envelopes on Thymectomized Hamsters (1966)

Abstract Neonatally thymectomized hamsters implanted with diffusion envelopes containing thymus showed partial prevention of the effects of thymectomy. A normal humoral antibody response was maintained in these animals, although a significant lymphocytopenia remained. This suggests that the thymus participates in immunogenesis by a humoral mechanism and possibly by a cellular mechanism as well, which was blocked by the diffusion envelope. Thymectomized hamsters implanted with diffusion envelopes containing adult spleen, bone marrow or kidney were still impaired in their ability to produce humoral antibody, although these tissues appeared to enhance antibody production. The thymus humoral factor appeared to be specific to the thymus. Reimplanted diffusion envelopes, containing large thymic cells resembling epithelial-reticular cells, were used to show that these cells produced the thymus humoral factor.
Thermoreversible hydrogels. I. Synthesis and effect of a hydrophobic monomer on swelling behaviors of thermoreversible gels prepared by copolymerizing N-alkoxyalkylacrylamide with butyl acrylate (1997)

A series of copolymeric gels were prepared from N-alkoxyalkylacrylamide and n-butyl acrylate (BA) at various feed ratios. The effect of the content of BA in the copolymer on the gel behaviors is discussed. The respective crosslinked copolymer exhibits a gel transition behavior, collapsing and shrinking above gel transition temperature but swelling and reexpanding below gel transition temperature. By utilizing this character, these copolymeric gels could be used for drug release or drug delivery systems. The drug released from the copolymeric gels was plotted as Mt/M∞ versus t, where Mt/M∞ is the fraction of drug released at given time t. In this experiment, crystal violet and caffeine were chosen as model drugs. The deswelling-kinetics experiments with caffeine showed that a water pocket was formed within the gel matrix when the gel deswelled rapidly. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 1477–1484, 1997
An intrinsic stress scaling law for polycrystalline thin films prepared by ion beam sputtering (1987)

The intrinsic stresses of Al, Ti, Fe, Ta, Mo, W, Ge, Si, AlN, TiN, and Si3N4 films prepared by ion beam sputtering were investigated at low Td/Tm values. The intrinsic stress is compressive and its origin is explained in terms of the ion peening model. Knock-on linear cascade theory of forward sputtering is applied to derive a simple scaling law with the film’s physical properties. The results show that the stress is directly proportional to the elastic energy/mole, given by the quantity Q=EM/(1−ν)D, where E is Young’s modulus, M the atomic mass, D the density, and ν Poisson’s ratio. Stress data taken from the literature for a variety of materials deposited by low-pressure magnetron sputtering, and rf and ion beam sputtering also fit the correlation with Q. Furthermore, the model predicts a square-root dependence on the incident ion energy, suggesting that the stress is momentum rather than energy driven.
The Influence of Extracellular Calcium on Microvascular Tone in the Rat Cremaster Muscle (1988)

In vivo responses of arterioles and venules to changes in bath calcium concentrations were observed in the cremaster muscle of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Small arterioles (2A, 3A) initially exposed to a solution containing calcium (2.55 mM) significantly dilated in response to a 0-calcium bath. Reexposure to calcium (greater than 0.65 mM) caused 2A and 3A arterioles to constrict to diameters similar to the initial control values. In contrast, large arterioles (1A) and all venules (1V, 2V, 3V) were unresponsive to exposure to a 0-calcium solution or to reexposure to calcium (0.65-5.10 mM). Treatment with mefenamic acid (10 micrograms/ml), a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, produced marked constriction of arterioles but not of venules, suggesting the involvement of endogenous vasodilator prostaglandins in the regulation of resting diameters of arterioles. In the presence of mefenamic acid, 1A arterioles dilated when exposed to a 0-calcium solution and constricted back to control diameters following reintroduction of calcium into the bath. These data demonstrate heterogeneity in the responsiveness of cremasteric microvessels to changes in extracellular calcium. The small arterioles were most responsive to calcium. The lack of response by the largest arterioles appears to be due to the dilator influences of endogenous prostaglandins.
Radar performance in a maritime environment: single hit detection in the presence of multipath fading and non-rayleigh sea clutter (1990)

The development of a statistical model which describes the radar backscatter characteristics of a point target, subject to multipath fading and non-Rayleigh, correlated sea clutter is presented. The model is based on the analysis of experimental observations of both forward and back scattering from the sea surface and hence has the attractive feature of being directly related to the physical mechanisms governing the scattering process.
Islam: Its Prophet, Peoples, Politics, and Power [review] / George W. Braswell, Jr. (1998)

the already-familiar series.Translated and somewhat simplified from the German l%eologisches Worteybuch zum Altm Testament, this volume provides an analysis of etymology, occurrences, and usage of words in the Hebrew Bible.While there is yet no index, the table of contents provides a list of the Hebrew words considered-both in Hebrew characters and transliteration-together with their English translations.The emphasis is on meaning, from the narrow sense, building to the theologically significant concepts represented by the word.We can only hope that the rest of the volumes will soon be available to biblical scholars whose language abilities do not include German.
Interfacing heterogeneous PDM systems by PLM services for design collaboration (2006)

Product data management (PDM) is a popular topic for concurrent engineering to manage and access to product data in a company. There are commercial PDM softwares and companies use different PDM systems which are most suitable for their needs. For collaboration with their suppliers, companies need to interface their PDM systems with PDM systems of their suppliers. It will result faster product information flow between OEM and its suppliers. This study proposes to integrate 2 different PDM systems by PLM services, which is based on Web services. PLM services enables the data exchange through the Internet
A Novel Microstrip Patch Antenna Miniaturization Technique: A Meanderly Folded Shorted-Patch Antenna (2008)

A novel microstrip patch antenna miniaturization technique based on multilayer meanderly folded shorted- patch structure is introduced. The technique enables a decrease of the original shorted (quarter-wavelength) patch dimension by the factor l/N where N is a number of vertically placed patch plates above the ground plane while maintaining a quarter wavelength resonant length. The antenna operational principle is explained via both E-field distribution inside the antenna structure and the surface current distribution on the conductive parts of the antenna. Two variants of the miniaturized patches with the footprint dimension approx. ~λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> /12 and λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> /16 are simulated, realized and measured.
Residues of DDT and DDE in livers of waterfowl, northeastern Louisiana--1970-71. (1976)

A study was conducted to determine the levels of DDT and DDE in the livers of 10 species of waterfowl collected in Louisiana from 1970 to 1971. Livers of 48 of 50 specimens contained detectable levels of DDT and/or DDE. DDT residues ranged from 0.01 to 10.90 ppm; DDE levels ranged from 0.02 to 38.69 ppm.
Transformations of Potato Starch During Oxidation with Hypochlorite (1985)

Abstract Five starch samples of different degree of oxidation were obtained with the help of sodium hypochlorite. Apart from that, commercial starch was divided into 3 fractions of differentiated size of grains and the fractions were also subjected to oxidation. The analysis of oxidized starch led to following results: large grains of starch undergo the oxidation process more easily than small grains, from oxidized starch hydrolysates glucuronic acid amounting to about 75% of carboxyl groups and gluconic acid to about 25% of carboxyl groups, can be separated; side reaction proceeding during oxidation process is hydrolytic degradation of starch molecules which is shown by the increase of reducing value and the decrease of viscosity of oxidized starch; in starch oxidized with hypochlorite absence of dialdehyde systems is characteristic in contrast to starch oxidized with periodate; in the process of oxidation with hypochlorite, starch molecules change their shape and spatial system, which is indicated by the changes of colour complexes with iodine, greater resistance to the action of amylolitic enzymes and greater capacity for forming flexible gels in the form of films.
Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor and hemostatic changes in patients with type I diabetes mellitus with and without microvascular complications (2003)

We investigated thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) and its influence on fibrinolysis by measuring pro-TAFI activity and total TAFI antigen in 38 patients with type I diabetes mellitus (18 with and 20 without microvascular complications), as well as in 20 healthy controls. The pro-TAFI levels in the two groups of patients did not differ from those in the control group. Total TAFI antigen [i.e. pro-TAFI, TAFI and inactive carboxypeptidase U (TAFIi)] tended to decrease in both the patient groups (59.7 +/- 7.2 and 73.4 +/- 8.9% with and without microvascular complications, respectively) compared with controls (91.9 +/- 12.2%) (P = 0.12). We also assessed the overall hemostatic potential (OHP) in plasma, the clot lysis time and the overall fibrinolytic potential. The OHP was significantly higher in patients with complications compared with controls (8.9 +/- 0.9 versus 6.7 +/- 0.4; P < 0.05) and also higher in the diabetics without complications (7.8 +/- 0.6), although the latter difference did not reach statistical significance. Levels of clot lysis time and overall fibrinolytic potential were similar in the two groups of patients and the controls. The increased OHP in plasma from diabetic patients with microvascular complications indicates an imbalance of the hemostatic system towards a prothrombotic state. No signs of impaired fibrinolysis were observed in patients with diabetes. Using the OHP method for estimation of overall hemostasis, it seems that TAFI does not influence either fibrinolysis or the increased thrombotic potential observed in patients with type I diabetes mellitus.