gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A single-inductor dual-output (SIDO) based power management with adaptive bus voltage modulation and zero cross-regulation in 40nm CMOS (2012)

A single-inductor dual-output (SIDO) based power management with adaptive bus voltage (ABV) modulation and zero cross-regulation (CR) operation is proposed in this paper. To achieve the advanced power supply function in system-on-a-chip (SoC), the N-type low-dropout LDO regulator (N-LDR) is placed behind the SIDO converter to suppress voltage ripple and to eliminate the CR problem of SIDO converter. Besides, the proposed ABV modulator can adjust the output voltage of the SIDO converter as well as the dropout voltage on N-LDR according to the output load conditions. Thus, the power loss can be effectively minimized so as to enhance the power efficiency. Output voltage regulation and load transient response can be guaranteed simultaneously. The chip was fabricated by 40 nm CMOS process. Experimental results show the maximum 20 % energy saving in the proposed power management with a peak efficiency of 86 % and the high power supply rejection of -45dB at 1 MHz in N-LDR for SoC integration.
Cell biology and immunology lessons taught by Legionella pneumophila (2015)

Legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular pathogen capable of replicating within a broad range of hosts. One unique feature of this pathogen is the cohort of ca. 300 virulence factors (effectors) delivered into host cells via its Dot/Icm type IV secretion system. Study of these proteins has produced novel insights into the mechanisms of host function modulation by pathogens, the regulation of essential processes of eukaryotic cells and of immunosurveillance. In this review, we will briefly discuss the roles of some of these effectors in the creation of a niche permissive for bacterial replication in phagocytes and recent advancements in the dissection of the innate immune detection mechanisms by challenging immune cells with L. pneumophila.
Distribuição de fotoassimilados de folhas do topo e da base do capim-mombaça (Panicum maximum Jacq.) em dois estádios de desenvolvimento (2005)

Objetivou-se avaliar a distribuição dos fotoassimilados pelos perfilhos do cultivar Mombaça de Panicum maximum. Os tratamentos experimentais resultaram de um arranjo fatorial 2x2x3 - dois níveis de inserção da folha (topo e base), dois estádios de desenvolvimento da planta e três momentos de colheita (3, 8 e 24 horas após a exposição da folha ao 14CO2). O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. A exposição ao 14CO2 teve duração de 20 minutos. Cada planta foi desmembrada em perfilho principal e perfilhos surgidos no primeiro e segundo estádios de desenvolvimento. O perfilho principal foi dividido em: folha adulta, completamente expandida exposta ao 14CO2 (bainha mais lâmina), demais folhas adultas (bainha mais lâmina), meristema terminal (folha emergente mais folha em expansão mais meristema apical), base e raiz. A atividade das amostras foi determinada em espectrômetro de cintilação líquida. A percentagem de fotoassimilados 14C retida na folha exposta não variou com o tempo de colheita, após exposição. Mais da metade da radioatividade recuperada na planta foi retida no perfilho principal. A folha do topo reteve mais assimilados que a folha da base, que translocou maior percentual de assimilados para os perfilhos que a folha do topo. O percentual de assimilados retidos no perfilho principal foi mais alto em plantas do primeiro estádio de desenvolvimento em relação às do segundo estádio. As folhas adultas e a raiz do perfilho principal se constituíram nos seus principais drenos. Apreciável percentagem de assimilados marcados foi encontrada nas folhas adultas não-expostas do perfilho principal.
Lens Opacities Classification System II (LOCS II) (1989)

The Lens Opacities Classification System, version II (LOCS II), uses a set of colored slit-lamp and retroillumination transparencies to grade different degrees of nuclear, cortical, and subcapsular cataract. The system uses four nuclear standards for grading nuclear opalescence and color, five cortical standards, and four subcapsular standards. The LOCS II can be used to grade patients' cataracts at the slit lamp or to grade slit-lamp and retroillumination photographs; it is easy to learn and can be applied consistently by different observers. We obtained very good interobserver reproducibility of the clinical gradings at the slit lamp, excellent intraobserver reproducibility, very good to excellent interobserver reproducibility of photographic gradings, and good agreement between clinical and photographic gradings. The LOCS II is potentially useful for both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of cataract.
Kinetics of the Anti‐oxidant Response to Salinity in the Halophyte <i>Cakile maritima</i> (2007)

Abstract The effects of NaCl stress on the activity of anti‐oxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR)), anti‐oxidant molecules (ascorbate and glutathione), and parameters of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage, and H 2 O 2 concentrations) were investigated in Cakile maritima , a halophyte frequent along the Tunisian seashore. Seedlings were grown in the presence of salt (100, 200, and 400 mmol/L NaCl). Plants were harvested periodically over 20 days. Growth was maximal in the presence of 0–100 mmol/L NaCl. At 400 mmol/L NaCl, growth decreased significantly. The salt tolerance of C. maritima , at moderate salinities, was associated with the lowest values of the parameters indicative of oxidative stress, namely the highest activities of POD, CAT, APX, DHAR, and GR and high tissue content of ascorbate and glutathione. However, prolonged exposure to high salinity resulted in a decrease in anti‐oxidant activities and high MDA content, electrolyte leakage, and H 2 O 2 concentrations. These results suggest that anti‐oxidant systems participate in the tolerance of C. maritima to moderate salinities.
[Study on vertebral degenerations of coal miners with low back pain by means of computerized tomography]. (2002)

As compared with control group lumbar vertebral degenerations are more serious in underground miners with manifestations like herniated disc and narrow lateral recess mainly at L4/L5.
FPM: A Flexible Programming Model for MPSoC on FPGA (2012)

This paper proposes a flexible programming model (FPM), which addresses the automatic parallel execution for functional tasks on heterogeneous multiprocessors. Guided by the simply annotated source codes, a front-end source to source compiler is provided to identify the parallel regions and generate the sources codes. A runtime middleware analyzes the inter-task data dependencies and schedules the tasks with renaming techniques automatically. FPM has been verified by the prototype built on state-of-art FPGA. Examples demonstrate that our model can largely ease the burden of programmers as well as uncover the task level parallelism.
Design of FMCW Radar Level Meter Based on EPA Communication Module (2010)

Modern industry development needs network and high accuracy measurement technology.In order to connect material level meter to EPA network and achieve real time dynamic control via industry Ethernet,a high-speed and intelligent EPA communication module was designed for the measurement.In this module, an ARM7 micro-controller AT91R40008 and a network adapter chip AX88796 were adopted.This paper presents the structure of DSP controlled high accuracy FMCW radar level meter which is based on EPA communication module,it has the advantage of lower power consumption and better stability.
The cancer-initiating potential of the fumonisin B mycotoxins (1992)

The cancer-initiating potential of the fumonisin B (FB) mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme was screened in rat liver for their ability to induce rare hepatocytes with an acquired resistance to the mitoinhibitory effect of 2-acetyl-aminofluorene (2-AAF). Two different initiating protocols were used: a feeding regimen during which FB1 was fed at a dietary level of 0.1% for 26 days, and another where single or multiple doses of FB1 and FB2 (varying from 200 to 50 mg/kg) were administered (by gavage) to hepatectomized rats. In both cases promotion was effected by a 2-acetylamino-fluorene/carbontetrachloride treatment. Cancer initiation was only obtained after the prolonged feeding regimen, indicating that the fumonisins are poor cancer initiators. FB1 and FB2 also lack genotoxic effects in the in vivo and in vitro DNA repair assays in primary hepatocytes. Although FB1 primarily affects the liver, it is not very cytotoxic to primary hepatocytes when compared to aflatoxin B1.
Minimizing ROBDD size of incompletely specified multiple output functions (2002)

The size of ROBDD is essential in many applications. In this paper we propose a heuristic that minimizes ROBDD size for incompletely specified multiple output functions. Our technique involves giving a new interpretation of ROBDDs with an extra variable, Z for incompletely specified functions. This new interpretation allows us to assign don't cares to either the on-set or the off-set yielding an efficient minimization of ROBDD size. The extra variable Z carries the information of the don't cares and preserves the flexibility of choosing the best cover for a given incompletely specified function. Starting from the top level of an ROBDD, we minimize greedily the number of nodes at every level by assigning as few don't cares as possible to either the on-set or the off-set. We propagate the remaining unused don't cares to lower levels of an ROBDD by moving the extra variable downwards. We performed three sets of experiments. The results are very encouraging.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Microwave ferroelectric antenna arrays (2002)

In this paper, theoretical investigation of ferroelectric antenna arrays without phase shifters and attenuators has been presented. This concept is based on utilizing a voltage-controlled ferroelectric array, where the variable pattern of each antenna element is used to shape the array pattern.
Effects of Heat and Fermentation on the Extractability of Minerals from Soybean Meal and Corn Meal Blends (1984)

ABSTRACT Autoclaving (121°C for 30 min) soybean meal reduced phytate phosphorus by 17.5%; phosphorus soluble in 0.03N HCl decreased 27.1%, and iron decreased 17.2%. Heat treatment increased (P < 0.05) extractability of zinc and potassium (soluble in 0.03N HCl) in soybean meal. A natural lactic acid fermentation of corn meal decreased phytate phosphorus by 77.8% and increased phosphorus soluble in 0.03N HCl by 37.9%. Phosphorus and iron from corn meal soluble in 0.03N HCl decreased in quantity when soybean meal was added. There was little difference in the % magnesium, zinc and potassium soluble in 0.03N HCl whether in corn meal or corn meal‐soybean meal blends.
Is the Naturally Derived Insecticide Spinosad® Compatible with Insect Natural Enemies? (2003)

Spinosad® (Dow Agrosciences) is a neurotoxic insecticide produced by fermentation of an actinomycete. Spinosad is classified as an environmentally and toxicologically reduced risk material and has been embraced by IPM practitioners as a biorational pesticide. We examined the available information on the impact of spinosad on natural enemies and classified mortality responses to spinosad using the IOBC laboratory and field scales that run from 1 (harmless) to 4 (harmful). In total, there were 228 observations on 52 species of natural enemies, of which 162 involved predators (27 species) and 66 involved parasitoids (25 species). Overall, 71% (42/59) of laboratory studies and 79% (81/103) of field-type studies on predators gave a class 1 result (not harmful). Hymenopteran parasitoids are significantly more susceptible to spinosad than predatory insects with 78% (35/45) of laboratory studies and 86% (18/21) of field-type studies returning a moderately harmful or harmful result. Predators generally suffer insignificant sub-lethal effects following exposure to spinosad, whereas parasitoids often show sub-lethal effects including loss of reproductive capacity, reduced longevity, etc. All studies agree that spinosad residues degrade quickly in the field, with little residual toxicity at 3-7 days post-application. We also examined the importance of route of exposure, species-specific and stage-specific susceptibility and we make recommendations for future studies. We conclude that for conservation of predator populations, spinosad represents one of the most judicious insecticides available but the use of this product should be evaluated carefully in situations where conservation of parasitoid populations is of prime concern.
Tri-iodothyronine prevents the amiodarone-induced decrease in the expression of the liver low-density lipoprotein receptor gene (1997)

Treatment with amiodarone, a potent antiarrhythmic drug, is associated with a dose-dependent increase in plasma cholesterol resulting from a decreased number of liver low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors. Similar changes occur in hypothyroidism, and it has been suggested that amiodarone acts via induction of a local 'hypothyroid-like' state in extrathyroidal tissues. The present study was designed to evaluate whether exogenous tri-iodothyronine (T3) could prevent the effects of amiodarone on LDL cholesterol. Rats were treated for 14 days with water, amiodarone 10 mg/100 g body weight (BW), or amiodarone and 2.5, 5 or 10 micrograms T3/100 g BW respectively. Relative to controls, amiodarone increased plasma LDL cholesterol by 31% and decreased liver LDL receptor mRNA by 56% and protein by 45%; liver T3 content was reduced by 21%. Addition of T3 to the treatment with amiodarone dose-dependently reversed all these changes, with a return to control values of plasma cholesterol and the number of liver LDL receptors, although LDL receptor mRNA remained slightly lower. Treatment of rats for 14 days with T3 alone (5 micrograms/100 g BW) decreased plasma LDL cholesterol by 19% and increased liver LDL receptor mRNA by 41%. In conclusion, T3 prevents the amiodarone-induced changes in plasma LDL cholesterol and liver LDL receptor gene expression. These findings suggest that the inhibitory effect of amiodarone on LDL receptor gene expression is mediated by T3-dependent pathways.
CANCER BIOLOGY: Dose dependence of phenobarbital promotion of preneoplastic hepatic lesions in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice: effects on DNA synthesis and apoptosis (1996)

Phenobarbital (PB), a non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogen in rodents, has been studied extensively but its mechanism of carcinogenic action is unclear. PB appears to function as a tumor promoter by selectively inducing the growth of preneoplastic hepatocytes. In the present study, the comparative effects of PB at tumor-promoting and non-promoting doses were examined in male B6C3F1 mice and male F344 rats. In addition, the mechanism by which PB produced the selective induction of preneoplastic cell growth (increased DNA synthesis/cell proliferation and/or decreased apoptosis) was investigated. Preneoplastic focal lesions were produced using diethylnitrosamine (DEN). After the lesions were histologically apparent, mice and rats were fed PB (10, 100, or 500 mg/kg NIH-07 diet) or control diet and sampled after 7, 30 and 60 days of treatment In both mice and rats, 100 and 500 mg PB/kg increased the number and the relative volume of focal lesions. In rats and mice, 10 mg PB/kg did not enhance focal lesion growth. The preneoplastic lesions that clonally expanded due to phenobarbital treatment were predominantly eosinophilic in appearance. In addition, DNA synthesis in focal hepatocytes was significantly increased in the 100 and 500 mg PB/kg diet. In PB-treated mice and rats, there also was a significant decrease in the rates of apoptosis in focal hepatocytes. Therefore, our data showed that PB at doses of 100 and 500 mg/kg diet promoted focal hepatic lesion growth both by increasing DNA synthesis and cell proliferation and by decreasing the rate of apoptosis.
Automated time table generation using multiple context reasoning for university modules (2003)

Finding a feasible lecture/tutorial timetable in a large university department is a challenging problem faced continually in educational establishments. This paper presents an evolutionary algorithm (EA) based approach to solving a heavily constrained university timetabling problem. The approach uses a problem-specific chromosome representation. Heuristics and context-based reasoning have been used for obtaining feasible timetables in a reasonable computing time. An intelligent adaptive mutation scheme has been employed for speeding up the convergence. The comprehensive course timetabling system presented in this paper has been validated, tested and discussed using real world data from a large university.
Ca2+ resting current and Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release in insect neurosecretory neurons (1998)

The effect of a Ca2+ resting current on spiking and intracellular Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]i of isolated cockroach dorsal unpaired median neurons was investigated by combining microfluometry (Fura2) with patchclamping. The resting current was reduced by 10 microM 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (NPPB) and 10 microM mefenamic acid, which caused slower spiking of cells. Up-modulation of the resting current by neurohormone D (NHD, 100 fM to 10 pM) transiently increased [Ca2+]i. This Ca2+ transient was largely reduced by the ryanodine receptor antagonist dantrolene (10 microM) but it was not reduced by the IP3-receptor antagonist heparin which indicates Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release. The NHD-effect on [Ca2+]i was strongly attenuated by NPPB and mefenamic acid. Thus, NHD caused Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release by enhancing the Ca2+ resting current.
‘Oh, Baby, Please Don’t Cry!’: In Infants Suffering from Infantile Colic Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis Activity Is Related to Poor Sleep and Increased Crying Intensity (2011)

In infants suffering from IC, fragmented sleep patterns and increased saliva cortisol levels were related. Cortisol secretion seems to be related to crying intensity, but not to crying duration. Crying intensity may reflect greater physiological or psychological stress rather than mere duration of crying.
Molecular Analysis of Surgical Margins in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients (2002)

The era for molecular analysis of surgical margins is here. Although a significant correlation was seen between 4E and MMP-9, overexpression of 4E appears to be a significant predictor of recurrence when compared with the well-studied tumor suppressor gene p53 and a relatively novel marker, MMP-9.
Isosymmetric structural phase transitions: phenomenology and examples (1995)

Structural phase transitions ('type 0') in which there is no change of space group or of the occupied Wyckoff sites contrast with others in which diffusionless transformation can occur in a single step between higher-and lower-symmetry space groups (type I), through a low-symmetry transition state between relatively higher-symmetry initial and final structures (type II), and those where the mechanism is necessarily more complex (type III). A phenomenological model shows that type 0 transitions are necessarily first order, and may terminate at a critical point. The corresponding supercritical behaviour is a 'crossover' or 'diffuse transition' in which there is no discontinuity in any free-energy derivative. However, the location of the crossover is precisely defined at a minimum in the second derivative of the free energy with respect to a suitable order parameter. Isosymmetric transitions and/or crossovers occur in important mineralogical systems (pyroxenes, feldspars and carbonates) and non-linear optic materials (KTiOPO 4 ). Non-monotonic variation of free-energy derivatives around the crossover can have a serious effect on the locations and slopes of phase equilibria in pressure-temperature space. Interaction between non-symmetry-breaking and symmetry-breaking order parameters appears to play a major role in stabilizing low-symmetry clinopyroxene and anorthite feldspar phases.
Effective prophylaxis against platelet refractoriness in multitransfused patients by use of leukocyte-free blood components (1990)

Development of permanent platelet refractoriness is a major problem in multitransfused patients with diseases such as leukemia, aplastic anemia, or pediatric solid tumors. We tried to prevent alloimmunization in these patients by systematic use of leukocyte-free blood components with less than one million of contaminating leukocytes per unit of platelets or red cells. Our study group comprised 26 patients with a minimum of 10 platelet transfusions per patient. These patients were compared with a historical reference group of 21 patients who had received standard blood products. In the leukocyte-free group none developed platelet refractoriness, in contrast to the reference group where 11 of the 21 patients became refractory to random platelets. The median corrected platelet increment for random pooled platelets was significantly higher in the leukocyte-free group compared with the reference group. The increasing number of transfusions did not correlate with the development of platelet refractoriness; instead we propose that the lower limit of antigenic exposure is important. We conclude that systematic use of leukocyte-free blood components effectively prevents development of platelet refractoriness and contributes to optimal supportive care of children with cancer.