gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lie Sphere Transformations and the Focal Sets of Certain Taut Immersions (1989)

We study the images of certain taut or Dupin hypersurfaces, including their focal sets, under Lie sphere transformations (generalizations of conformal transformations of euclidean or spherical space).After the introduction, the method of studying hypersurfaces as Lie sphere objects is developed.In two recent papers, Cecil and Chern use submanifolds of the space of lines on the Lie quadric.Here we use submanifolds of the Lie quadric itself instead.The third section extends the concepts of tightness and tautness to semi-euclidean space.The final section shows that if a hypersurface is the Lie sphere image of certain standard constructions (tubes, cylinders, and rotations) over a taut immersion, the resulting family of curvature spheres is taut in the Lie quadric.The sheet of the focal set will be tight in euclidean space if it is compact.In particular, if a hypersurface in euclidean space is the Lie sphere image of an isoparametric hypersurface each compact sheet of the focal set will be tight.
Solutions To Critical Problems In Soft X-ray Projection Lithography (1993)

Present soft x-ray projection lithography systems rely on laser produced plasmas for the production of x-rays and on multilayer coated reflective masks. Target debris from the laser produced plasma can coat condenser optics and reduce system performance. The difficulty in target debris mitigation results from the large range of velocities and masses ejected from the laser produced plasma. Proposed solutions have included the use of electrostatic deflectors, a partial pressure of helium and mechanical shutters. We have completed designs on a target debris mitigation system which should efficiently transmit soft x-rays (λ ~ 13 nm) and prevent the ejected particles from reaching the condenser optics.
127 Introduction of Ultra high speed machining by Aero static bearing spindle (2001)

This paper describes examples of ultra high speed machining by aero-static bearing spindle, so called the air spindle. Air spindle has no metal contact, therefore there is no limitation to turn it for long hours in constant at maximum speed. In addition run out of the spindle (NRRO) is smaller than 0. 07μm and then tool life can be extended. Due to the above-mentioned feature, air spindle realizes an actual ultra high speed machining only by using small size cutters.
Elastic, magnetic and electronic properties of iridium phosphide Ir2P (2016)

Cubic (space group: Fmm) iridium phosphide, Ir2P, has been synthesized at high pressure and high temperature. Angle-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements on Ir2P powder using a diamond-anvil cell at room temperature and high pressures (up to 40.6 GPa) yielded a bulk modulus of B0 = 306(6) GPa and its pressure derivative B0' = 6.4(5). Such a high bulk modulus attributed to the short and strongly covalent Ir-P bonds as revealed by first - principles calculations and three-dimensionally distributed [IrP4] tetrahedron network. Indentation testing on a well-sintered polycrystalline sample yielded the hardness of 11.8(4) GPa. Relatively low shear modulus of ~64 GPa from theoretical calculations suggests a complicated overall bonding in Ir2P with metallic, ionic, and covalent characteristics. In addition, a spin glass behavior is indicated by magnetic susceptibility measurements.
Growth ofRhizopus arrhizus in fermentation media (1989)

Rhizopus arrhizus biomass attached itself to fermentor walls, baffles and impellers when grown in casein/ glucose media. In shake flasks, dispersed filamentous growth was produced in media containing certain concentrations of glucose and soya flour. Other media tested produced pelleted or clumpy growth. Medium initial pH did not affect morphology type. Dispersed growth could not be obtained by addition of detergents, oils and polymers to a clear glucose/soya peptone medium. Addition of maize solids to this medium resulted in dispersed growth which occurred even in the presence of calcium, which in most media caused pellet formation. Mycelia appeared to bind to the maize particles and use these as growth centres, thereby preventing pellet or clump formation. Mycelial pellets appeared to originate either from a single spore or by interaction of branched hyphae from different spores. Medium composition and macro-morphology type correlate with differences in hyphal structures.
IN VITRO PRODUCTION AND SPECIFICITY OF ANTI-DNA AUTO ANTIBODIES BY NEW ZEALAND BLACK/NEW ZEALAND WHITE F1 MICE (1986)

The New Zealand Black/ New Zealand White F1 (B/W) mice are animal models for human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The female mice die early in life from glomerulonephritis caused by deposition of immune complexes which consist of antibodies reactive with DNA. Studies that have been done on the specificity of anti-DNA antibodies have used either sera which is a heterogeneous population of antibodies or monoclonal antibodies from hybridomas which may not be true representa­ tives of in vivo clonal populations. Therefore, another approach was used in this study in which spleen cells of B/W mice of different ages were stimulated in vitro with DNA and the production and specificity of the resulting antibodies was studied using modified Elisa method. Direct correlation was observed between the age of the mice and the anti-DNA antibody production in vitro, and serum titer of anti-DNA antibodies. Fewer cells were needed from older mice to produce detectable antibody, indicating the presence of more anti-DNA antibody producing clones. The antibodies produced had high specificity to single stranded and double stranded DNA but tRNA did not stimulate antitRNA antibody production. The B/W spleen cells were able to release anti-DNA antibodies in vitro without DNA stimulation indicating that clones exist in these mice that spontaneously release anti-DNA antibodies. Upon stimulation with DNA the production of anti-DNA antibodies was increased.
Localization of Sequences Required in <i>cis</i> for Yeast Ty1 Element Transposition near the Long Terminal Repeats: Analysis of Mini-Ty1 Elements (1990)

In order to identify and characterize sequences within Ty1 elements which are required in cis for transposition, a series of mini-Ty1 plasmids were constructed and tested for transposition. Mini-Ty1s are deletion mutants of the Ty1-H3 element; Ty1 gene products required for transposition are supplied in trans from a helper Ty1 which has intact open reading frames but lacks a 3' long terminal repeat (LTR) and therefore cannot transpose itself. Up to 5 kilobase pairs of internal sequences of the 6-kilobase-pair-long Ty1 element can be deleted without a significant effect on transposition. The smallest mini-Ty1 element capable of transposition contains the 3' LTR and the transcribed portion of the 5' LTR, 285 base pairs (bp) of internal sequence 3' to the 5' LTR, and 23 bp of internal sequence 5' to the 3' LTR. We conclude that Ty1-encoded proteins can act in trans and that cis-acting sequences in Ty1-H3 are all within or near the LTRs. Further deletion of the 285-bp internal sequence adjacent to the 5' LTR significantly reduced transposition frequency, and the mini-Ty1 RNA produced failed to be packaged into the viruslike particles efficiently. Surprisingly, several nonhomologous cellular mRNAs were also associated with viruslike particles.
Platelet-Monocyte Interactions - A Dangerous Liaison Linking Thrombosis, Inflammation and Atherosclerosis (2008)

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. Monocyte-platelet interactions may play a key role in this process by various pathways. They "inflame" each other as well as adjacent cell types at the vascular wall by direct physical interactions, autocrine and paracrine activation processes. These processes promote monocyte recruitment (in)to the vascular wall--a key mechanism in atherogenesis. This article highlights the molecular basis and the inflammatory pathways initiated by platelet-monocyte interactions.
Exposure assessment of 170 pesticide ingredients and derivative metabolites in people from the Central Andes of Peru (2022)

The Central Andes of Peru are a region of great concern regarding pesticide risk to the health of local communities. Therefore, we conducted an observational study to assess the level of pesticide contamination among Andean people. Analytical chemistry methods were used to measure the concentrations of 170 pesticide-related compounds in hair samples from 50 adult Andean subjects living in rural and urban areas. As part of the study, a questionnaire was administered to the subjects to collect information regarding factors that increase the risk of pesticide exposure. Our results indicate that Andean people are strongly exposed to agrochemicals, being contaminated with a wide array of pesticide-related compounds at high concentration levels. Multivariate analyses and geostatistical modeling identified sociodemographic factors associated with rurality and food origin that increase pesticide exposure risk. The present study represents the first comprehensive investigation of pesticide-related compounds detected in body samples collected from people living in the Central Andes of Peru. Our findings pinpoint an alarming environmental situation that threatens human health in the region and provide a rationale for improving public policies to protect local communities.
Circulating neutrophils maintain physiological blood pressure by suppressing bacteria and IFNγ-dependent iNOS expression in the vasculature of healthy mice (2008)

Whether leukocytes exert an influence on vascular function in vivo is not known. Here, genetic and pharmacologic approaches show that the absence of neutrophils leads to acute blood pressure dysregulation. Following neutrophil depletion, systolic blood pressure falls significantly over 3 days (88.0 +/- 3.5 vs 104.0 +/- 2.8 mm Hg, day 3 vs day 0, mean +/- SEM, P < .001), and aortic rings from neutropenic mice do not constrict properly. The constriction defect is corrected using l-nitroarginine-methyl ester (L-NAME) or the specific inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor 1400W, while acetylcholine relaxation is normal. iNOS- or IFNgamma-deficient mice are protected from neutropenia-induced hypotension, indicating that iNOS-derived nitric oxide (NO) is responsible and that its induction involves IFNgamma. Oral enrofloxacin partially inhibited hypotension, implicating bacterial products. Roles for cyclooxygenase, complement C5, or endotoxin were excluded, although urinary prostacyclin metabolites were elevated. Neutrophil depletion required complement opsinization, with no evidence for intravascular degranulation. In summary, circulating neutrophils contribute to maintaining physiological tone in the vasculature, at least in part through suppressing early proinflammatory effects of infection. The speed with which hypotension developed provides insight into early changes that occur in the absence of neutrophils and illustrates the importance of constant surveillance of mucosal sites by granulocytes in healthy mice.
Effect of Inorganic Ions in Heterogeneous Photocatalysis of TCE (1999)

The influence of 12 ionic compounds (Na2SO4, NaHCO3, Na2HPO4, NaNO3, NaCl, MnCl2, NiCl2, CaCl2, MgCl2, AlCl3, FeCl3, and MgSO4) on performance of a fixed-bed photocatalytic reactor is examined. The fixed-bed photocatalyst was developed at Michigan Technological University and comprises 1% Pt-TiO2 on a silica-based support. The degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in Milli-Q water is used to monitor catalyst performance. All compounds are found to inhibit photocatalysis at some or all of the concentrations tested, although only MnCl2 seems to suppress it altogether. Fouling appears to be a least partially reversible. Electron microprobe analysis is employed to investigate how selected fouling agents interact with the catalyst and support.
Production and Characterization of Composite Material Useful as a Protective Barrier in Electronic Applications (2012)

This work describes the production and characterization of a selective membrane useful for electronic devices. The membrane was a composite made by a thin film of plasma-polymerized HFE (methyl nonafluoro(iso)butyl ether) immersed in plasma-polymerized HMDS (hexamethyldisilazane) film, a third phase being 5 µm starch particles included in this matrix. The film was deposited on silicon substrates and its physical, chemical and adsorption characteristics were determined. Infrared and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses showed fluorine and carboxyl groups on the bulk and the surface, respectively. SEM results indicate the film is conformal even if starch is present. Optical microscopy analysis showed good resistance toward acid and base solutions. Quartz crystal microbalance indicated adsorption of polar organic compounds on ppm range. This thin film is environment-friendly and can be used as a protective layer or in electronic devices due to adsorption of volatile organic compounds.
The Ultrastructural Basis For Increased Prolactin Synthesis and Release From Anterior Pituitary Glands of Estrogen-Progesterone Primed Ovariectomized Rats: Correlated Electron Microscopy and Radioimmunoassay (1973)

In rats, physiological studies show that ovariectomy results in a reduced concentration of circulating prolactin. Conversely, ovariectomized rats given estrogen have elevated serum prolactin and increased amounts of prolactin in the anterior pituitary gland. Separate electron microscopic studies suggest modifications in fine structure of prolactin producing (LTH) cells based on relatively large cumulative amounts of estrogen given alone or with comparably high doses of progesterone to adult virgin female or ovariectomized rats. This study was undertaken to provide a correlated morphological and physiological investigation of LTH cells and prolactin levels in a model commonly used by many researchers. Six to seven weeks after bilateral ovariectomy, a group of adult female rats was primed by a subcutaneous injection of 50 ng of estradiol benzoate and 25 mg of progesterone.
Saturation Profile Based Conformality Analysis for Atomic Layer Deposition: Aluminum Oxide in Lateral High-Aspect-Ratio Channels (2020)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) raises global interest through its unparalleled conformality. This work describes new microscopic lateral high-aspect-ratio (LHAR) test structures for conformality analysis of ALD. The LHAR structures are made of silicon and consist of rectangular channels supported by pillars. Extreme aspect ratios even beyond 10 000:1 enable investigations where the adsorption front does not penetrate to the end of the channel, thus exposing the saturation profile for detailed analysis. We use the archetypical trimethylaluminum (TMA)-water ALD process to grow alumina as a test vehicle to demonstrate the applicability, repeatability and reproducibility of the saturation profile measurement and to provide a benchmark for future saturation profile studies. Through varying the TMA reaction and purge times, we obtained new information on the surface chemistry characteristics and the chemisorption kinetics of this widely studied ALD process. We propose new saturation profile related classifications and terminology.
Système de synthèse de l'écriture manuscrite par l'utilisation du modèle Sigma-lognormal : bilan de la conception et documentation de l'application SIMSCRIPT (2006)

An application was built to simulate complex movements with the use of the sigmalognormal model. The theory used to conduct simulation is shortly described, the built application interface and the applications functionalities are shown and discussed. Finally some simulations results are compared with typical handwritten data acquired from a subject with the use of a digitizer.
Reino Ottermann en / and Maria Smit, Hoofredakteurs / Chief editors, bygestaan deur / assisted by Izak Grové, Winfried Lüdemann, Hein-rich van der Mescht en / and Caroline van Niekerk. Suid-Afrikaanse Musiekwoordeboek/South African Music Dictionary. (2011)

In the nearly thirty years since the publication of the Vaktaalburo's pioneering bilingual Musiekwoordeboek/Dictionary of Music (1973) there has been a marked transformation both in terms of musical ontologies generally and the identity of the South African nation-state in particular. On the one hand Philip Bohlman (1999: 17) has neatly pointed out in his contribution to the anthology of essays entitled Rethinking Music that 'music may be what we think it is: it may not be', while on the other hand Sabine Marschall (2002: 117) reminds us that 'nations are not naturally in place but are invented and in need of constant mainte-nance'.<br />
Measuring Beam Sizes and Ultra-Small Electron Emittances Using an X-ray Pinhole Camera (1995)

A very simple pinhole camera set-up has been built to diagnose the electron beam emittance of the ESRF. The pinhole is placed in the air next to an Al window. An image is obtained with a CCD camera imaging a fluorescent screen. The emittance is deduced from the size of the image. The relationship between the measured beam size and the electron beam emittance depends upon the lattice functions alpha, beta and eta, the screen resolution, pinhole size and photon beam divergence. The set-up is capable of measuring emittances as low as 5 pm rad and is presently routinely used as both an electron beam imaging device and an emittance diagnostic.
Defects in leaf epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana plants with CDKA;1 activity reduced in the shoot apical meristem (2012)

In Arabidopsis thaliana, like in other dicots, the shoot epidermis originates from protodermis, the outermost cell layer of shoot apical meristem. We examined leaf epidermis in transgenic A. thaliana plants in which CDKA;1.N146, a negative dominant allele of A-type cyclin-dependent kinase, was expressed from the SHOOTMERISTEMLESS promoter, i.e., in the shoot apical meristem. Using cleared whole mount preparations of expanding leaves and sequential in vivo replicas of expanding leaf surface, we show that dominant-negative CDKA;1 expression results in defects in epidermis continuity: loss of individual cells and occurrence of gaps between anticlinal walls of neighboring pavement cells. Another striking feature is ingrowth-like invaginations of anticlinal cell walls of pavement cells. Their formation is related to various processes: expansion of cells surrounding the sites of cell loss, defected cytokinesis, and presumably also, the actual ingrowth of an anticlinal cell wall. The mutant exhibits also increased variation in cell size and locally reduced waviness of anticlinal walls of pavement cells. These unusual features of leaf epidermis phenotype may shed a new light on our knowledge on morphogenesis of jigsaw puzzle-shaped pavement cells and on the CDKA;1 role in regulation of plant development via influence on cytoskeleton and plant cell wall.
Technical Memorandum: Complex gyrator circuit of junction circulators using weakly magnetised ring resonators (1992)

Planar junction circulators using weakly magnetised disc, wye, triangular and hexagonal resonators have by now been described in the literature. Another resonator that has the symmetry of the 3-port junction circulator is the ring resonator. Since the degenerate and split frequencies in this type of gyromagnetic resonator have already been established in the literature, an understanding of its complex gyrator circuit requires only a definition of its susceptance slope parameter. The purpose of this effort is to tackle this problem.
Dynamic Performance of a Dehumidification System Using the Absorption-Type Rotary Honeycomb Dehumidifier. (2003)

A theoretical and experimental investigation is carried out on the dynamic behavior of a dehumidification system used to dry out the wet floor in a beverage factory. The dehumidification system consists of an absorption-type rotary dehumidifier with lithium chloride salt coated on the honeycomb monolith. Experimental runs were carried out in the factory. By coupling a previous dynamic model of the dehumidifier with an evaporation model of the wet concrete floor, good agreement has been obtained between the simulated and experimental results, thus confirming the applicability of the integrated model. To obtain better performance of the integrated dehumidification system, the model is next used to investigate the effects of various system inputs and parameters on its dynamic performance. The results show that the paired velocities of dehumidified and regeneration outlet airs, and the pre-heating temperature of the regeneration air have more prominent effect on dehumidification efficiency than the other factors. It is possible to both reduce the room relative humidity below 50% and dry out the water on the floor within 12 hours of dehumidification. The most suitable dehumidification conditions among those investigated are: velocity of room air 0.06 m/s, inlet temperature of regenerated hot air 343 K, velocity of regenerated hot air 0.5 m/s, air velocity in dehumidifying section 0.68 m/s and rotational speed of honeycomb 10 rph.
Variation of the size and of the size distribution of tobacco mosaic virus particles depending on the method of preparation (1951)

J. Baudet, O. Croissant, D. G. Dervichian, M. Joly and J. Mossé, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1951, 11, 236 DOI: 10.1039/DF9511100236
On the accumulation of pyruvic acid by yeasts and some other microorganisms (1956)

1) 清酒酵母によるピルビン酸の生成蓄積は糖濃度の高い方が又中性乃至微アルカリ性において多い。その量は窒素源の種類・量によつても異なる。2) 一般に酵母類には可成り顕着にピルビン酸生成蓄積能を認め得る。3) 清酒もろみにおけるピルビン酸は酵母の醗酵過程において正常に認められるものである。
Violent children: a framework for assessment (2002)

Violence by and towards young people has become a major public health issue. Increased lethality, more random violence and fewer safe places largely account for the high levels of fear experienced by both children and adults. In the field of child protection and domestic violence, where traditionally the child is referred as the victim not the perpetrator, child psychiatrists are well versed, practised and skilled in the assessment of children and families. However, young people are increasingly being referred to child and adolescent mental health teams for assessment because of violent acts that they have carried out. This is reflected in heavy case-loads of children with conduct disorder who have multi-morbidity and complex need. In England and Wales, health (including mental health), social care and education services are mandated to assist youth offending teams.