gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Viscoelastic Behavior and Reinforcement Mechanism in Rubber Nanocomposites in the Vicinity of Spherical Nanoparticles (2013)

The viscoelastic behavior and reinforcement mechanism of nano ZnO reinforced natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites were investigated in this study. Dynamic mechanical analysis was performed to investigate the nature of the constrained polymer region in NR-nano ZnO nanocomposites, and the constrained polymer region is responsible for the reinforcement mechanism. The viscoelastic and tensile properties of NR nanocomposites were investigated with respect to the effect of nanofiller loading. All the nanocomposites showed a significant increase in storage modulus in the glassy and rubbery regions, the shift of the tan δ peak to the higher temperature region, and the lowering of the tan δ peak intensity compared to neat NR. The enhancement in the modulus is related to the weight % of the added nano ZnO as well as the volume of the constrained rubber chains in the proximity of ZnO nanoparticles. The study of the constrained volume of the polymer indicates that the structure of the nanocomposite possesses a moderately strong interfacial interaction between rubber chains and ZnO nanoparticles. The type of rubber-nanofiller interaction strongly influences the amount and modulus of the constrained region and contributes to the enhancement in the storage modulus of the resulting nanocomposites. The volume fraction of the constrained region of the NR nanocomposites was found to have good linear correlation with the weight % of nano ZnO. It was also understood that there should exist an optimum cross-linking density for a certain nanofiller reinforced rubber system, as well as partial physical adsorption of macromolecular rubber chains on the nanofiller surface. An optimum nanofiller loading is necessary for moderately strong rubber-nanofiller interaction and hence for the enhancement in the mechanical properties of the NR nanocomposites. A core-shell morphology model and constrained polymer model have been proposed to explain the constrained polymer chains in the NR-nano ZnO nanocomposite system on the basis of these results.
Hot-Melt Extrusion Technique: A Review (2010)

Hot-melt extrusion is one of the most widely applied processing technologies in the plastic, rubber and food industry. Today this technology has found its place in the array of pharmaceutical manufacturing operations. Melt extrusion process are currently applied in the pharmaceutical field for the manufacture of a variety of dosage forms and formulations such as granules, pellets, tablets, suppositories, implants, stents, transdermal systems and ophthalmic inserts. This review article in detail describes the melt extrusion equipment and process. Industrial application of this process along with specific areas on pharmaceutical industry is illustrated. This article concludes with the overview of published examples of the melt extrusion process.
CRASH3 Damage Algorithm Reformulation for Front and Rear Collisions (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The purpose of this paper is to present a revised approach to estimating the approach energy E<sub>A</sub> absorbed in an accident. This paper details the revised method for energy estimation for front and rear impacts (side impacts will be discussed in a later publication). The new algorithm originates from the fact that CRASH3 requires an estimate of approach energy absorbed (E<sub>A</sub>) and not force or stiffness. Therefore, the simplest approach is to model the behavior of E<sub>A</sub> with residual crush. Data from more than 1000 tests in the NHTSA's data-base are tabulated and presented. Finally, the paper validates the new algorithm by analyzing data from a number of staged collisions. The work reported in this paper was executed under contract to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) as a part of their research.</div>
A Distributed Agent-based Simulation Environment for Interference Detection and Resolution (2001)

In this paper, a two-level architecture is developed and implemented for the interactive simulation and evaluation of a distributed agent-based simulation environment designed to detect and resolve interfer ence in naval radar units. The Java-based simulation is designed as a two level software architecture incor porating: (i) multiple radars on each ship controlled through a lower-level intra-ship interference control module, and (ii) multiple ships in a group coordi nated through a higher-level interference control module. Each ship's interference detection and reso lution mechanism, termed a control agent, is com posed of these two separate levels, which dynamically coordinate to detect and then resolve interference problems using three different coordination strate gies—a Master-Slave, a Locally Autonomous and a simple Negotiation mode.
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Protein (p137) Which Transcytoses Bidirectionally in Caco-2 Cells (1995)

Antisera raised against detergent-extracted membrane fractions from the human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2 were used to screen a human colon cDNA library in a bacteriophage expression vector. This led to the identification, molecular cloning, and sequencing of a novel plasma membrane protein (p137) which was present in approximately equal amounts on the basolateral and apical surfaces of the cell. The pattern of extraction of p137 from membranes by Triton X-114 and its release from membranes after incubation with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C were consistent with it being a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein. Using antibodies raised against bacterial fusion proteins, it was shown that p137 was present on the cell surface as a reducible homodimer of 137 kDa subunits. There was constitutive release of p137 into the culture medium as a non-reducible 280-kDa entity. Pulse-chase experiments showed that newly synthesized p137 appeared at the basolateral side of a Caco-2 cell layer before appearing at the apical domain. Domain-specific surface biotinylation of Caco-2 cells at 4 degrees C, followed by chasing at 37 degrees C, demonstrated that p137 is capable of transcytosing in both directions across Caco-2 cells. The unusual plasma membrane domain distribution of this glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked protein and its transcytosis characteristics demonstrate the existence of a previously uncharacterized apical to basolateral transcytotic pathway in Caco-2 cells.
Metal complexes of some peptide derivatives. Part-XIV. Complex formation of copper(II) with N-benzenesulfonamides of some dipeptides (2002)

Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, University College of Science, 92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata-700 009, India <em>E-mail: gurunath@cucc.ernet.in Fax: 91-033-3519755/2413222</em> Bengal Chemical and Pharmaceutical Works, Kolkata-700 009, India <em>Manuscript received 11 August 2000, revised 13 July 2001, accepted 14 July 2001</em> Combined potentiometric and spectrophotometric investigation on the complex formation equilibria of Cu<sup>ll</sup> with <em>N</em>-benzenesulfonyl derivatives of some dipeptides, viz. glycylglycine, glycyl-<em>dl</em>-α-alanine, glycyl-<em>dl</em>-methionine, glycyl-β-alanine, β-alanylglycine (AH<sub>2</sub>) in aqueous solution provides evidence of complexes of the types : Cu(AH)<sup>+</sup>, Cu(H<sub>-1</sub>AH), Cu(H<sub>-1</sub> Ai, Cu(H<sub>-1</sub> A)(OH)<sup>2-</sup> , Cu(AH)2, Cu(H_<sub>1</sub>AH)(AH)<sup>-</sup>, Cu(H-<sub>1 </sub>AH)\(_2^2\)<sup>-</sup>, Cu(H<sub>-1</sub>A)(H<sub>-1</sub>AH)<sup>3</sup> and Cu(H_<sub>1</sub>A)\(_2^4\)<sup>-</sup> .Deprotonation constants (pK<sup>H</sup>COOH and pK<sup>H</sup>SO<sub>2</sub>NH) of the ligands and formation constants of the complexes at 25 ± 1<sup>0</sup> in aqueous solution, <em>I</em> = 0.2 <em>M </em>(NaNO<sub>3</sub>), are correlated with the modes of coordination of the amide and sulfonamide groups, size of the chelate rings, and metal-ligand and ligand-ligand it-interactions. Deprotonation constants of coordinated H<sub>2</sub>O molecules in the square-planar, or distorted octahedral Cu(H<sub>-1</sub>A)(H<sub>2</sub>0)<sup>-</sup> complexes indicate their equatorial disposition. The tendency of the ternary hydroxo complexes, Cu(H_<sub>1</sub>A)(OH)<sup>2-</sup> to transform into to Cu(H_<sub>1</sub>A)\(_2^4\)<sup>-</sup> with precipitation of Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> at pH >9 is found to be in the inverse order of stability constants of these complexes.
Towards best practices in software teamwork (2003)

Because software development is very definitely a team effort involving unclear, intractable or fuzzy real-world problems, coursework on technical skills and theoretical concepts is not enough to prepare computer science students for the real world. As educators come to realize this, software engineering curricula are increasingly including capstone project work, in many cases team-oriented. Computer science students, however, rarely have adequate interpersonal and team skills to succeed at these projects and faculty are typically ill-prepared to teach them. Few, if any, Ph.D. programs in computer science teach how to coach teams or instruct team skills. Although our software engineering program has included a significant real-world development project for over ten years, and we have valued team skills since the onset of the program, we are only now beginning to understand how to explicitly teach those skills. The aim of this paper is to identify the team skills most critical for students to learn, to work towards an understanding how and when to teach which skills, to articulate some exercises and assignments that teach those skills, and to identify future work that would help faculty and students better meet team skills learning objectives.
Thermophysical Properties of Matter - The TPRC Data Series. Volume 2. Thermal Conductivity - Nonmetallic Solids (1971)

Abstract : The TPRC Data Series published in 13 volumes plus a Master Index volume constitutes a permanent and valuable contribution to science and technology. This 17,000 page Data Series should form a necessary acquisition to all scientific and technological libraries and laboratories. These volumes contain an enormous amount of data and information for thermophysical properties on more than 5,000 different materials of interest to researchers in government laboratories and the defense industrial establishment. Volume 2 in this 14 volume TPRC Data Series covers nonmetallic materials which are in the solid state at normal temperature and pressure, including five elements (with over 100 varieties of graphite), 53 simple and complex oxides, 82 systems of oxide mixtures, 83 nonoxide compounds, seven systems of mixtures of oxides and nonoxides, 15 organic compounds, 22 kinds of cermets, 10 groups of systems, eight kinds of refractory materials, over 40 kinds of glasses, 24 minerals, 16 polymers, 26 animal and vegetable natural substances, 30 processed composites and processed natural and mineral substances, and 10 aggregate mixes, slags, scales, and residues. Data for the elements and for a few oxides have been critically evaluated, analyzed, and synthesized, and recommended values or provisional values are presented in addition to the original experimental data.
Intelligent instrumentation in diabetic management. (1989)

This presentation describes the problem of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and the various approaches to creating intelligent instrumentation for management of this type of diabetes. The article traces closed-loop diabetes control from 1974 to the present. Development and implementation of a microprocessor device aimed at achieving this in a practical sense are described. Accordingly, a chronological description of the earliest devices and their shortcomings is given, focusing on the use of blood glucose sensors and vascular access devices. A description of open-loop diabetes control and alternative systems is presented, highlighting the fundamental limitations of subcutaneously injected or infused insulins. A practical system for optimizing conventional therapy is described, together with its design criteria and the creation of a clinical closed-loop that includes the patient. The system has to deal with the effects of diet and exercise while fulfilling the need for adjusting insulin dosages according to expert intervention. Algorithms for this purpose and a computerized approach based on a portable microprocessor expert system are highlighted.
Wide-Span Multi-Wavelength High-Power Diode-Laser Pumping of Fiber Raman Laser (2019)

A multimode silica-core fiber Raman laser was pumped directly by five wavelength-combined multimode diode lasers. The pump wavelengths were spread over a bandwidth of <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">~</sub> 700 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , namely, at 976, 969, 950, 940, and 915 nm. This is larger than the Raman peak shift of 490 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . The output power reached 31.5 W with an overall slope efficiency of 42% at the wavelength of 1018 nm when pumped with the maximum launched power of 175 W. According to simulations, the fiber was under-length and the output power could double in a longer fiber. Our results suggest that pumping with spectrally combined diode lasers is a promising approach to high-power fiber Raman lasers, even when the pump wavelengths are not optimized.
Selecting Optimal Measurement Poses for Kinematic Calibration of Industrial Robots (2014)

The robustness of robot calibration regarding the measurement noise is sensitive to the measurement poses serving as constraints on the parameters to be estimated. This paper presents a pose selection algorithm allowing one to select a given number of optimal poses out of a large set of previously measured poses, which is derived from the DETMAX algorithm with the improvements benefiting from the randomized search technique to avoid local convergence. The benefit of selecting optimal measurement poses is validated through both simulation and experimentation of calibration of a 6-dof serial robot manipulator (Hyundai robot YS100). The results show that the robot calibration with optimal measurement poses yields the global (unbiased) kinematic parameters. Thus, the robot positioning accuracy is enhanced throughout the workspace. Moreover, the experimental results indicate that the number of optimal measurement poses is as important as selecting optimal measurement poses for improving the robot calibration accuracy.
In Situ Monitoring of an Escherichia coli Fermentation Using a Diamond Composition ATR Probe and Mid-infrared Spectroscopy (1999)

A diamond composition ATR probe was used in situ to obtain IR spectra on replicate Escherichia coli fermentations involving a complex medium. The probe showed excellent stability over a 6-month operating period and was unaffected by either agitation or aeration. The formation of an unknown was observed from IR spectra obtained during the sterilization; subsequent experiments proved this to be a reaction product between yeast extract and the phosphates used as buffer salts. Partial-least-squares-based calibration/prediction models were developed for both glucose and acetate using in-process samples. The resulting models had prediction errors of +/-0.26 and +/-0.75 g/L for glucose and acetic acid, respectively, errors which were statistically equivalent to the estimated experimental errors in the reference measurements. Relative concentration profiles for the unknown formed during sterilization could be generated either by tracking peak height at an independent wavelength or by self-modeling curve resolution of the spectral region overlapping that of glucose. These profiles indicated that this compound was metabolized simultaneously with glucose; upon depletion of the glucose, when the microorganism switched to consumption of acetic acid, utilization continued but at a lower rate. The data presented provide an extensive characterization of the performance characteristics of this in situ analysis and clearly demonstrate its utility not just in the quantitative measurement of multiple known species but in the qualitative evaluation of unknown species.
Estimation of Variance and Covariance Components in Linear Models (1972)

Abstract We write a linear model in the form , where is an unknown parameter and ξ is a hypothetical random variable with a given dispersion structure but containing unknown parameters called variance and covariance components. A new method of estimation called MINQUE (Minimum Norm Quadratic Unbiased Estimation) developed in a previous article [5] is extended for the estimation of variance and covariance components.
Fertility patterns and differentials in Israel. (1988)

Using fertility rates derived from the Statistical Abstracts of Israel, fertility differentials by religion, ethnicity, continent of birth, and education are examined. The fertility rates of non-Jews, although slowly declining, are significantly and substantially higher than those of Jews. There are differentials in fertility rates between Western and Eastern Jews and between Moslems, Druze, and Christians. Some details of the study findings follow. 1) Western Jews (Europe-America) have consistently shown the lowest total fertility rate, and Eastern Jews (Asia-Africa)the highest. 2) The pattern of the decline in the total fertility rate of Christians from 4.85 in 1955 to 2.12 in 1985 is similar to that of the Jewish population, which declined from 3.64 in 1955 to 2.79 in 1982. Since 1982 there has occurred a reversal in the Jewish population growth, and by 1985 the total fertility rate had reached 2.85. 3) The total fertility rate for all non-Jews fell from 7.07 in 1955 to 4.37 in 1985. 4) In 1985, Israel's total fertility rate was 3.12 for Jews and 4.86 for Arabs; this represents a slow decline in the Arab total fertility rate since 1965. 5) Arab women produce more children both at younger and at later ages than their Jewish counterparts. Jews have an average of 2.6 children, while Moslems average 3.8, Christians 2.5, and Druze & others 3.7. Mothers whose continent of birth is Asia or Africa have, on the average, about 1 child more than Israel-born mothers, and immigrant Jews seem to be more fertile than Israel-born Jews. 6) A large proportion of the differences in fertility between Jews and non-Jews and differences within these groups can be explained by their social and economic status. In 1985, about 53% of non-Jews aged 14 and over had received less than 9 years education in contrast to 25% of Jews. Only 8.4% of non-Jews had progressed beyond 12 years education in contrast to 24.4% for Jews.
Predictive display system for tele-manipulation using image-based modeling and rendering (2004)

Using a combination of techniques from visual tracking, image-based rendering, distributed programming, and robot motion control, we present a predictive display system to improve local operator's performance in tele-manipulations. More precisely, we construct a networked distributed system allowing the robot motion control and predictive display function to be implemented in a single PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine) program running on both the operator and remote scene computer. We also integrate our system with real-time pose tracking of the operator to allow 3D rendering in HMD.
Diabetic neuropathy enhances voltage‐activated Ca<sup>2+</sup>channel activity and its control by M<sub>4</sub>muscarinic receptors in primary sensory neurons (2011)

Painful neuropathy is one of the most serious complications of diabetes and remains difficult to treat. The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) agonists have a profound analgesic effect on painful diabetic neuropathy. Here we determined changes in T-type and high voltage-activated Ca(2+) channels (HVACCs) and their regulation by mAChRs in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in a rat model of diabetic neuropathy. The HVACC currents in large neurons, T-type currents in medium and large neurons, the percentage of small DRG neurons with T-type currents, and the Cav3.2 mRNA level were significantly increased in diabetic rats compared with those in control rats. The mAChR agonist oxotremorine-M significantly inhibited HVACCs in a greater proportion of DRG neurons with and without T-type currents in diabetic than in control rats. In contrast, oxotremorine-M had no effect on HVACCs in small and large neurons with T-type currents and in most medium neurons with T-type currents from control rats. The M(2) and M(4) antagonist himbacine abolished the effect of oxotremorine-M on HVACCs in both groups. The selective M(4) antagonist muscarinic toxin-3 caused a greater attenuation of the effect of oxotremorine-M on HVACCs in small and medium DRG neurons in diabetic than in control rats. Additionally, the mRNA and protein levels of M(4), but not M(2), in the DRG were significantly greater in diabetic than in control rats. Our findings suggest that diabetic neuropathy potentiates the activity of T-type and HVACCs in primary sensory neurons. M(4) mAChRs are up-regulated in DRG neurons and probably account for increased muscarinic analgesic effects in diabetic neuropathic pain.
Magiclock: Scalable Detection of Potential Deadlocks in Large-Scale Multithreaded Programs (2014)

We present Magiclock, a novel potential deadlock detection technique by analyzing execution traces (containing no deadlock occurrence) of large-scale multithreaded programs. Magiclock iteratively eliminates removable lock dependencies before potential deadlock localization. It divides lock dependencies into thread specific partitions, consolidates equivalent lock dependencies, and searches over the set of lock dependency chains without the need to examine any duplicated permutations of the same lock dependency chains. We validate Magiclock through a suite of real-world, large-scale multithreaded programs. The experimental results show that Magiclock is significantly more scalable and efficient than existing dynamic detectors in analyzing and detecting potential deadlocks in execution traces of large-scale multithreaded programs.
Phorbol myristate acetate inhibits HeLa 229 invasion by Bordetella pertussis and other invasive bacterial pathogens (1990)

The microfilament inhibitors cytochalasins B and D have been traditionally used to indirectly evaluate the requirement for actin in the uptake of invasive bacterial pathogens by nonprofessional phagocytes. Through their effects on microfilaments, both cytochalasins also impart profound alterations in cellular morphology and surface topology, which likely interfere with adherence. Alterations affecting adherence would complicate interpretation of the effect of cytochalasins on entry alone. As an alternative to cytochalasins, the effect of the tumor promoter phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was examined for its effects on uptake of several invasive bacterial pathogens by HeLa 229 cells. In this communication, PMA was shown to induce a similar change in HeLa cell actin distribution, but, in contrast to cytochalasins B and D, PMA had no significant effect on gross cell morphology. The modified actin distribution was shown to reduce internalization of Bordetella pertussis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella hadar in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations ranging from 1 to 1,000 ng/ml. The magnitude of reduction at a PMA concentration of 1,000 ng/ml was greater than the reduction elicited by cytochalasin B at 2.5 micrograms/ml but was less than that elicited by cytochalasin D at 2.5 micrograms/ml. Mezerein, a functional analog of PMA, caused a similar dose-dependent reduction in uptake of B. pertussis, whereas an inactive analog of PMA, alpha-4-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate was without effect on invasion. Binding studies further reveal that pretreatment of HeLa cells with PMA or mezerein did not significantly impair the ability of B. pertussis to adhere, in contrast to cytochalasins B and D, which caused a marked reduction in adherence.