gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organization of the noncontiguous promoter components of adenovirus VAI RNA gene is strikingly similar to that of eucaryotic tRNA genes. (1983)

The intragenic transcriptional control region (internal promoter) of the adenovirus type 2 VAI RNA gene was mutated by deletion, insertion, and substitution of DNA sequences at the plasmid level. The mutant plasmids were assayed for in vitro transcriptional activity by using HeLa cell extracts. The mutant clones with substitution or insertion of DNA sequences or both between nucleotides +18 and +53 of the VAI RNA gene were all transcriptionally active, although to various extents. Substitution of unrelated DNA sequences up to +26 or between +54 and +61 abolished the transcriptional activity completely. Based on these results, the intragenic promoter sequences of the VAI RNA gene can be subdivided into two components: element A, +10 to +18; and element B, +54 to +69. The distance between the A and B components could be enlarged from its normal 35 base pairs to 75 base pairs without destroying the transcriptional activity. However, a deletion of 4 or 6 base pairs in the DNA segment separating the A and B components (segment C) reduced the transcriptional activity of the genes to less than 2% of that of the wild type. When the VAI RNA gene with its element A or B was substituted for the corresponding element A or B of the Xenopus laevis tRNAMet gene, the hybrid genes transcribed close to the level of the wild-type VAI RNA gene and about 10- to 20-fold more efficiently than the tRNAMet gene. Thus, the organization of DNA sequences in the internal promoter of the VAI RNA gene appears to be very similar to that of eucaryotic tRNA genes. This similarity suggests an evolutionary relationship of the VAI RNA gene to tRNA genes.
Significance of hypernatremia due to SARS-CoV-2 associated ARDS in critically ill patients (2020)

The incidence of hypernatremia was elevated and appears to be linked to significant insensible water losses. This should trigger us to optimize the maintenance fluid therapy in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS.
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF THE SUN TRACKING SYSTEM AND FIXED SYSTEM IN THE APPLICATION OF HEATING AND LIGHTING (2010)

In this work, a sun tracking system application is used for water heating and street lighting in Van. The solar photovoltaic system is designed for a house whose power is 5 kilo-Watts. An experimental setup is carried out for 183 Watts. An optimal variant is chosen with respect to stiffness and lightness conditions. A sun tracking device was used for rotating the solar still with the movement of the sun. A comparison between fixed and sun tracked solar stills showed that the use of sun tracking increased productivity by around 29%. It can be concluded that the sun tracking system is more effective than the fixed system and is capable of enhancing productivity.
Transmission electron microscopic analysis of glyphosate induced cytotoxicity and its attenuation by <i>N</i>-acetyl-L-cysteine in caprine testicular germ cells in vitro (2021)

The agricultural pesticide poisoning is currently the most thrust area of human health concern. Pesticide-induced cytotoxicity and the corresponding reproductive toxicity in today's scenario is not a concealed reality that has to be considered for the continuation of respective race. Here, the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique was employed to investigate the adverse impact of glyphosate (GLY) and its mitigation by <i>N</i>-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) in goat testicular germ cells under <i>in vitro</i> conditions. The ultrastructural observations of testicular tissue from GLY-treated groups at different concentrations (0.1 and 4 mg/ml) and exposure durations (8 and 12 h) revealed that this organophosphate herbicide induced different apoptotic characteristics in testicular germ cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. However, NAC (10 mM), being a potent antioxidant, was found to mitigate GLY-induced cytotoxicity in testicular cells as evidenced by fewer apoptotic characteristics in GLY plus NAC-treated groups, suggesting its beneficial potential in alleviating the GLY-induced gonadotoxicity in males.<b>Abbreviations</b>: GLY (Glyphosate), NAC (<i>N</i>-acetyl-L-cysteine), TEM (Transmission electron microscopic), GE (genetic engineered), Organophosphate (OPs).
APPLYING A BUST-TO-WAIST GIRTH RATIO APPROACH TO DEVELOP BODY MEASUREMENT CHARTS FOR IMPROVING FEMALE CLOTHING MANUFACTURE (2008)

ABSTRACT Clothing ergonomics is the science of fitting the clothing to the wearers by understanding the relation between clothing and body shape. Body measurement charts are necessary for successfully designing and sizing clothing. Many body measurement charts have used the girth difference based on anthropometric data to determine body shapes, but these body shapes could not be accurately classified. Moreover, few studies have applied a girth ratio approach to body typing. This study proposes a bust-to-waist girth ratio approach for identifying female body shapes. By applying the proposed approach, body shapes can be accurately classified to develop body measurement charts. Sizes based on regular ratios of different body shapes to one another make sense to clothing manufacturers and also offer benefits in terms of pattern making, pattern grading, marker making, cutting and sewing during production. These results can help manufacturers improve female clothing manufacture by reducing costs and increasing marketplace competitiveness.
MICROWAVE PLASMA GASIFICATION OF OIL PALM BIOCHAR (2015)

Conventional pressurized gasification operates at higher pressure than atmospheric pressure and requires heat up time during startup. In this study, microwave plasma gasification was used to compensate this problem. The objectives of this paper is to investigate the CO2 microwave gasification of EFB and OPS biochar, and optimizing the char reaction rate through the addition of activated carbon as the microwave absorber. A microwave plasma gasification test rig was designed to produce syngas from oil palm biochar. From the study, it was found that EFB char performed better than OPS char as gasification fuel due to its high porosity and surface area that increased the char reactivity towards CO2. The temperature increment promoted by the addition of MW absorber using activated carbon (AC) has increased the CO composition. The optimum condition for microwave plasma char gasification of EFB was 3 lpm with 25 wt% AC that produced syngas with 1.23 vol% CH4, 20.88 vol% CO2, 43.83 vol% CO, 34.06 vol% H2 and 9.40 MJ/kg gas CV. For OPS is at 2 lpm with 1.12 vol% CH4, 35.11 vol% CO2, 35.42 vol% CO, 28.35 vol% H2 and 7.32 MJ/kg gas CV. As EFB char has larger BET surface areas and larger pores than OPS char, the ability to react with the gasifying gas is better than the OPS. Thus, resulting in higher carbon conversion. The best gasification efficiency was 72.34% at 3 lpm, 10% AC for EFB biochar plasma gasification with 12% unreacted carbon. For OPS biochar plasma gasification, the best gasification efficiency was 69.09% at 2 lpm, 10% AC with 18% unreacted carbon.
<scp>PVDF</scp> BaTiO <sub>3</sub> /carbon nanotubes ternary nanocomposites: Effect of nanofillers and processing (2015)

Ternary thermoplastic systems based on poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, filled with barium titanate, BaTiO 3 , submicrometric particles and carbon nanotubes, CNT, were prepared. Their structure and morphology were studied as a function of composition and finally correlated with thermal and mechanical properties. High energy ball milling, HEBM, under cryogenic conditions and subsequent hot pressing were used to obtain films with quite uniform dispersion of the nanofillers. The presence of BaTiO 3 particles and CNT did not modify the thermodegradation mechanism of the PVDF. However, enough amount of BaTiO 3 seemed to inhibit the volatility of the products of pyrolysis, hindering the decomposition of PVDF. The presence of CNT favored the PVDF thermodegradation probably due to improved heat transmission by an increase in the thermal conductivity. Variations in PVDF thermal transitions were more dependent of processing conditions. Improvements in the mechanical properties of PVDF were ascribed to a reinforcing effect of the fillers. This effect only happened below the fraction of percolation of CNT, pointing out that CNT reinforce through an optimum load transfer from the PVDF matrix to the nanofillers. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:227–235, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis and characterization of human gene 1 relaxin peptides. (1996)

The peptide encoded for by one of the two relaxin genes found in the human genome, designated H1, has been synthesized by the Boc-polystyrene solid phase method. The two chains which constitute relaxin, A- and B-, were assembled separately and, after cleavage, deprotection and purification, combined in solution at high pH to form the one intra- and two intermolecular disulfide bonds. Comprehensive chemical characterization including ion spray mass spectrometry of the peptide confirmed both its correct identity and high purity. The synthetic H1 relaxin was analyzed by circular dichroism spectroscopy and shown to possess a greater alpha-helical conformation in water than the corresponding H2 relaxin. The peptide had powerful direct chronotropic and inotropic effects in the isolated rat heart assay as did an analogue of the peptide in which the C-terminus of the B-chain was extended by four residues.
A Survey on Deep Neural Network Compression: Challenges, Overview, and Solutions (2020)

Deep Neural Network (DNN) has gained unprecedented performance due to its automated feature extraction capability. This high order performance leads to significant incorporation of DNN models in different Internet of Things (IoT) applications in the past decade. However, the colossal requirement of computation, energy, and storage of DNN models make their deployment prohibitive on resource constraint IoT devices. Therefore, several compression techniques were proposed in recent years for reducing the storage and computation requirements of the DNN model. These techniques on DNN compression have utilized a different perspective for compressing DNN with minimal accuracy compromise. It encourages us to make a comprehensive overview of the DNN compression techniques. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of existing literature on compressing DNN model that reduces both storage and computation requirements. We divide the existing approaches into five broad categories, i.e., network pruning, sparse representation, bits precision, knowledge distillation, and miscellaneous, based upon the mechanism incorporated for compressing the DNN model. The paper also discussed the challenges associated with each category of DNN compression techniques. Finally, we provide a quick summary of existing work under each category with the future direction in DNN compression.
Isosurfaces: Geometry, Topology, and Algorithms (2013)

Ever since Lorensen and Cline published their paper on the Marching Cubes algorithm, isosurfaces have been a standard technique for the visualization of 3D volumetric data. Yet there is no book exclusively devoted to isosurfaces. Isosurfaces: Geometry, Topology, and Algorithms represents the first book to focus on basic algorithms for isosurface construction. It also gives a rigorous mathematical perspective on some of the algorithms and results. In color throughout, the book covers the Marching Cubes algorithm and variants, dual contouring algorithms, multilinear interpolation, multiresolutio
Treatment of ulcer disease with temechine (1975)

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P>The <span style="font-style: italic;">Taking Part</span> survey collects data on many aspects of leisure, culture and sport in England, as well as an in-depth range of socio-demographic information on respondents. The survey is commissioned by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) in partnership with three of its non-departmental public bodies (Sport England, Arts Council England and English Heritage). The survey was first commissioned in 2005 as a face-to-face household survey of adults (16+) in England. Since then it has run annually and has also been developed to include further elements, including a child element and a longitudinal element.<br> <br> Further information can be found on the Gov.uk <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/taking-part" title="Taking Part" target="_blank">Taking Part</a> web pages.<br> <br>
Network control and management of a reconfigurable WDM network (2002)

This paper describes a set of software and experiments to demonstrate network control and management capabilities for a reconfigurable wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) all-optical network. This work is an early prototype implemented in the first year of the DARPA Multiwavelength Optical Networking (MONET) Project. The primary goal of the prototype experiment work was to demonstrate and assess the viability of implementing a WDM network's control and management (NC&M) system over a Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) compliant reliable distributed platform. Another goal was to demonstrate the viability of using an embedded optical wavelength to support the NC&M system's data communication channels. This early prototype allows us to gain experience and to lay the foundation for our on-going work to develop the full-featured NC&M system in the MONET project's testbed and field trial experiments. This is an important step towards realizing the overall vision of the MONET project in the development of a flexible, reliable, high-capacity, high-performance cost-effective national optical network based on multi-wavelength fiber-optic technology.
Multiple Serotonin Receptors: Opportunities for New Treatments for Obesity? (1995)

Recent progress in the molecular pharmacology of 5-HT receptors and the development of selective ligands for various 5-HT receptor subtypes has advanced our understanding of the role of 5-HT mechanisms in the control of food intake and bodyweight. The most intensively investigated 5-HT receptor subtypes have been the 5-HT1A receptor, the 5-HT1B receptor and the 5-HT2C receptor. The overall pattern of results to date suggests that selective 5-HT2C agonists may be novel anorectic drugs and prove useful in the treatment of obesity. However, a number of issues remain unresolved, particularly regarding potential side-effects, as the 5-HT2C receptor agonist mCPP has been reported to induce anxiety and nausea in humans, actions that would clearly limit its therapeutic utility. In addition, the possible role of recently cloned 5-HT receptor subtypes such as 5-ht5, 5-ht6 and 5-ht7, remains unexplored and the development of selective ligands for these sites has the potential to lead to new treatments for obesity.
Decommissioning of offshore platform: A sustainable framework (2012)

The decommissioning activities for fixed offshore platforms in Malaysia are expected to rise significantly. For many of the approximate 300 oil platforms, their service life is approaching the end. Thus far, only a handful of offshore platforms in Malaysian waters have been decommissioned mainly due to lack of regulatory framework and weak decommissioning plans. The shortage of decommissioning yards provides another major challenge in managing onshore disposal. With a number of options viable in decommissioning our used platforms, a review of these possibilities is timely. The scope of this paper entails the decommissioning methods particularly in the Gulf of Mexico, where conditions are similar to Malaysian waters. Evaluations of methodology as well as sustainability implications are discussed. The usual methods of decommissioning involve any of these options: complete removal, partial removal, reefing or re-using. Employing the aspects of sustainability as a pillar of the study, a conceptual framework of a viable decommissioning scheme is drawn. It was conceptually found that refurbishing the whole of the structure as a livable hub has its own unique potentials. Given the calm conditions of Malaysian waters and the sturdy design of the platforms, the restored structures hold possibilities either as ocean townships or futuristic cities such as a `sea-stead'. This novel idea of decommissioning is presented and further discussed in the paper.
Assay of Blood Coagulation Factors in Heparinized Blood* (1964)

Summary Technics have been devised permitting assay of certain coagulation factors in blood despite the presence of heparin in the sample. In the process of developing these methods, heparin and Polybrene were added to whole blood or plasma in varions quantities and a large number of coagulation tests then performed. Considerable differences in the sensitivity of the various assays to the added test substances were evident. It is believed that they were due, at least in part, to the varying dilutions of plasma utilized. The results shed no insight on the mechanisms by which heparin exerts its anticoagulant effects; the inhibitory activity of Polybrene, however, was largely restricted to the stage of thromboplastin generation. Polybrene had a much weaker inhibitory effect than heparin on all tests, and in many assays it was possible to add a standard amount of Polybrene without altering results. The amount chosen was large enough to neutralize any quantity of heparin likely to be present in a sample obtained from a patient during open heart surgery. Factor V could be assayed with accuracy only if heparin was neutralized as the sample was collected. Assay of Factor VIII was successful only if the Polybrene was added after, the step of adsorption with aluminum hydroxide. A one-stage prothrombin assay presented no problems, but assays for Factor VII complex provided distinctly different results from those found in a duplicate sample collected in citrate alone.
Novel application of a linear synchronous motor drive (1997)

Cegelec has been involved in a ground breaking project for linear synchronous motor technology, reaching the highest speeds ever by a thrill ride. In partnership with Intamin AG of Switzerland, the ride makers, and IntraSys GmbH of Germany, the motor manufacturers, Superman-The Escape has been developed for Six Flags California, at Magic Mountain. Superman-The Escape is not just a conventional roller coaster with a new vehicle launcher, but a totally new type of ride involving acceleration, speed and free-fall. The ride consists of two tracks, side by side, each made up of four main components, a PLC system, a position feedback system, the motor and a drive. Cegelec supplied two off 1.8 MW linear synchronous motor drives, one for each track, with the output inverters capable of a maximum frequency of 230 Hz. The author describes the drive configuration, control strategy, switching frequency, the linear motor, position feedback and braking.
Design and development of an agent-based model for business operations faced with flood disruption (2016)

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) constitute a major component of the United Kingdom's economy, accounting for 99.9% of all private sector businesses and approximately 47% of annual turnover in 2014 However, these companies can suffer significant financial losses as a consequence of a disruption to business operations, such as a flood event, due to their limited resources and lack of organizational plans. Agent-based modelling is recognized as one approach to enable complex problems in business and social science to be studied. SMEs' preparedness and response to disruptive events can be complex and interactive processes. Hence, agent-based modelling is an appropriate approach to study these processes and identify any emerging phenomena. With the aim of providing guidance for SMEs regarding how to better prepare and respond to the challenges faced when flooding occurs in the future, an agent-based model (ABM) is currently being designed and developed to represent and simulate SMEs' existing and potential behaviours immediately prior to, during and in the short-term aftermath of a flood event. This paper describes preliminary work on the ABM's development undertaken including the design of the various agents represented, the rules governing agent behaviours, the attributes of agents and the environment in which they operate. The basis of the ABM design draws on a range of sources including semi-structured interviews with SMEs which have experience of significant flooding, guidelines from the Environment Agency and local councils, business continuity management systems' requirements (ISO223301) and academic literature. Further, the paper discusses performance metrics of SMEs which are adopted to assess the level of continuity of business operations in the model.
Design, Calibration, Characterization, and Field Experience of New High-Temperature, Azimuthal, and Spectral Gamma Ray Logging-While-Drilling Tools (2002)

Abstract Two new gamma ray tools have been developed, one provides high temperature total gamma ray measurements, and another delivers spectral gamma ray measurements while drilling. The high-temperature gamma ray tool can operate at temperatures up to 356°F (180°C) and survive to 392°F (200°C). It uses multiple two-detector banks of Geiger Muller Tubes. Five banks are used in the 4.75" tool and eight banks are used in the 6.75" and 8" tools. The tubes are arranged symmetrically to provide azimuthal measurements while rotating and/or sliding. The new spectral azimuthal gamma ray tool (SAGR) employs three high-efficiency scintillation detectors symmetrically arranged around the center bore of the drill collar. This design provides a superior total gamma ray measurement and spectral capability that has equivalent accuracy to a wireline spectral gamma ray tool. Calibration of LWD gamma ray tools has always been problematic because the main gamma ray calibration facility at the University of Houston has a smaller borehole than the collar size of the majority of LWD tools. A procedure was developed to calibrate LWD gamma ray tools when the collar size exceeded 4.75" and could not be conventionally lowered into the API pit. Measurements were made with a 4.75" LWD tool in the University of Houston gamma ray formation to obtain an absolute reference standard. The tool was then used to create two secondary standards with larger boreholes to be able to calibrate larger-size tools. Comprehensive computer modeling was performed to validate the API measurements and develop environmental corrections. The new spectral gamma ray sensor provides real-time K, U, and Th measurements. The spectral data of the three detectors are first aligned to a standard spectrum to compensate for gain changes due to temperature and electronics drift. The count rates are then summed and a full-spectrum least squares fit to K, U, and Th reference standards is applied to determine the K, U, and Th contents of the formation. The measurement is calibrated to the KUTh API standards at the University of Houston. Details of the calibration, processing, and correction algorithms are presented. Field examples are presented to illustrate the applications, accuracy, and repeatability of the measurements.