gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Largest Discrete Oligo(<i>m</i>-aniline). An Exponential Growth Strategy Using Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Sulfonates (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTThe Largest Discrete Oligo(m-aniline). An Exponential Growth Strategy Using Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl SulfonatesJanis Louie and John F. HartwigView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107 Cite this: Macromolecules 1998, 31, 19, 6737–6739Publication Date (Web):September 3, 1998Publication History Received8 July 1998Published online3 September 1998Published inissue 1 September 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma981073uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma981073urapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views608Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Hydrocarbons,Monomers,Oligomers,Oxidation Get e-Alerts
Biomarker Correlations of Urinary 2,4-D Levels in Foresters: Genomic Instability and Endocrine Disruption (2001)

Forest pesticide applicators constitute a unique pesticide use group. Aerial, mechanical-ground, and focal weed control by application of herbicides, in particular chlorophenoxy herbicides, yield diverse exposure scenarios. In the present work, we analyzed aberrations in G-banded chromosomes, reproductive hormone levels, and polymerase chain reaction-based V(D)J rearrangement frequencies in applicators whose exposures were mostly limited to chlorophenoxy herbicides. Data from appliers where chlorophenoxy use was less frequent were also examined. The biomarker outcome data were compared to urinary levels of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) obtained at the time of maximum 2,4-D use. Further comparisons of outcome data were made to the total volume of herbicides applied during the entire pesticide-use season.Twenty-four applicators and 15 minimally exposed foresters (control) subjects were studied. Categorized by applicator method, men who used a hand-held, backpack sprayer in their applications showed the highest average level (453.6 ppb) of 2,4-D in urine. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) values were correlated with urinary 2,4-D levels, but follicle-stimulating hormone and free and total testosterone were not. At the height of the application season; 6/7 backpack sprayers, 3/4 applicators who used multinozzle mechanical (boom) sprayers, 4/8 aerial applicators, and 2/5 skidder-radiarc (closed cab) appliers had two or more V(D)J region rearrangements per microgram of DNA. Only 5 of 15 minimally exposed (control) foresters had two or more rearrangements, and 3 of these 5 subjects demonstrated detectable levels of 2,4-D in the urine. Only 8/24 DNA samples obtained from the exposed group 10 months or more after their last chlorophenoxy use had two rearrangements per microgram of DNA, suggesting that the exposure-related effects observed were reversible and temporary. Although urinary 2,4-D levels were not correlated with chromosome aberration frequency, chromosome aberration frequencies were correlated with the total volume of herbicides applied, including products other than 2,4-D. In summary, herbicide applicators with high urinary levels of 2,4-D (backpack and boom spray applications) exhibited elevated LH levels. They also exhibited altered genomic stability as measured by V(D)J rearrangement frequency, which appears reversible months after peak exposure. Though highly detailed, the limited sample size warrants cautious interpretation of the data.
A Novel Method of Outcome Assessment in Breast Reconstruction Surgery: Comparison of Autologous and Alloplastic Techniques Using Three-Dimensional Surface Imaging (2020)

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Fibrin-mediated vascular injury. Identification of fibrin peptides that mediate endothelial cell retraction. (1984)

The deposition of fibrin, a ubiquitous component of acute and chronic inflammatory reactions, has been implicated by a number of recent studies as playing an active role in inflammation. In particular, fibrin deposition has been implicated in the development of tissue edema. As the "gateway" through which intravascular-to-extravascular movement of fluid, nutrients, and cells must pass, the vascular endothelial cells play a crucial regulatory role in this process. In support of this concept, recent studies in this laboratory have demonstrated that endothelial cells retract not only in the presence of fibrin but also in the presence of low molecular weight cleavage products of fibrinogen. It was further shown that this reaction was 1) specific for both vascular and corneal endothelial cells, 2) nontoxic, and 3) completely reversible. The present work examined the physiochemical nature of these endothelial-cell reactive factors. It was demonstrated by the use of enzymatically derived and synthetic fibrinogen peptides, that the active soluble fibrinogen-derived factor was associated with the amino-terminal end of the B chain of fibrinogen. The active factor has been tentatively identified as the B beta peptides, which is a primary plasmin cleavage product of fibrinogen and contains the thrombin-generated fibrinopeptide B. It is thus suggested that soluble, endothelial-cell-reactive peptides are released during both fibrinogenesis and fibrinolysis and, as such, modulate endothelial cell functions in vivo.
Alanine Aminotransferase Decreases with Age: The Rancho Bernardo Study (2010)

ALT levels decrease with age in both men and women independent of metabolic syndrome components, adiposity signaling biomarkers, and other commonly used liver function tests. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms responsible for a decline in ALT with age, and to establish the optimal cut-point of normal ALT in the elderly.
Evaluation of fungicide programs for management of Botrytis bunch rot of grapes: 2010 field trial (2010)

Bunch rot of grapes is caused by Botrytis cinerea, a fast-growing pathogen infecting numerous crops of commercial value. Bunch rot can potentially lead to a reduction in the yield and quality of table, raisin, and wine grapes, with high economic losses in some locations or years (Flaherty et al. 1992). Botrytis overwinters as sclerotia in mummified berries on the ground or on canes. The disease can first appear as shoot blight following frequent spring rains; flowers can become infected during bloom (Bulit and Dubos 1988). In infected fruits, disease symptoms are latent until late in the season. As sugar concentration increases in the berry, the fungus resumes growth and infects the entire fruit, often resulting in berry splitting and sporulation on the fruit surface (Flaherty et al. 1992). Free water is a requirement for the pathogen, and favorable conditions include humidities exceeding 90% and temperatures between 15-27°C (Flaherty et al. 1992, Bulit and Dubos 1988, Gubler et al. 2008). Along with leaf removal and other cultural controls, good spray coverage with a synthetic fungicide is currently the most effective form of disease management.We examined the efficacy of 21 fungicide treatment programs for control of Botrytis bunch rot in Clone 4 Chardonnay grapes in Carneros, Napa County, California in 2010. Materials included synthetic, biological, and organic treatments. Four applications were made between June and September 2010.
Isolation and characterization of the cyanogen bromide fragments from human lactotransferrin. (1974)

International audience
Range finding using frequency-modulated laser diode (1986)

A coherent-optical time-of-flight range-finding technique is proposed which uses a simple inexpensive device. Target range is determined by modulating a laser diode's optical frequency and measuring the change in the phase of the light reflected back into the laser. Target velocity as well as range can be measured using this approach. The device is described, and experimental evidence is presented to show the feasibility of measuring distance with subcentimeter resolution over a 1.5-m range.
Subpicosecond cinematographic display of modes of a fiber (1981)

We describe a new coherent optics technique which selects each of the modes excited in meter- length samples of multimode fibers by discriminating the time of flight of the mode. The result of the observation reported is equivalent to subpicosecond sequential display of the output end of the fiber in which a short light pulse would have been injected.
A One-Step RT-PCR Array for Detection and Differentiation of Zoonotic Influenza Viruses H5N1, H9N2, and H1N1 (2013)

The high sensitivity, rapidity, reproducibility, and specificity of this zoonotic influenza viruses rRT-PCR array has been verified as being sufficient to detect the presence of multiple zoonotic influenza viruses in a single assay. The zoonotic influenza viruses RT-PCR array might provide rapid identification of emergent zoonotic influenza viruses strains during influenza outbreaks and disease surveillance initiatives.
Inspiratory muscle fatigue in trained cyclists: effects of inspiratory muscle training (2002)

These data support existing evidence that there is significant global inspiratory muscle fatigue after sustained heavy endurance exercise. Furthermore, the present study provides new evidence that performance enhancements observed after IMT are accompanied by a decrease in inspiratory muscle fatigue.
Genetic approach to enhanced biological phosphorus removal (1994)

Genetic improvement of bacterial ability to accumulate phosphate (Pi) was investigated using Escherichia coli as a test organism. High levels of Pi accumulation were achieved by (i) modifying the genetic regulation and increasing the dosage of the E. coli genes encoding polyphosphate kinase (ppk), acetate kinase (ackA), and the phosphate inducible transport system (pstS, pstC, pstA, and pstB) and (ii) genetically inactivating ppx encoding exopolyphosphatase. Acetate kinase was employed as an ATP regeneration system for polyphosphate synthesis. The best recombinant strain, which contained both pBC29 (ppk) and pEP02.2 (pst genes) accumulated approximately 10-fold more Pi than did the control strain. The phosphorus content of this recombinant reached a maximum of 16 % on the dry weight basis (49 % as phosphate). About 65 % of the cellular phosphorus was stored as polyphosphate.
Hydrogen Production. Green Algae as a Source of Energy (2001)

Abstract Hydrogen gas is thought to be the ideal fuel for a world in which air pollution has been alleviated, global warming has been arrested, and the environment has been protected in an economically sustainable manner. Hydrogen and electricity could team to provide attractive options in transportation and power generation. Interconversion between these two forms of energy suggests on-site utilization of hydrogen to generate electricity, with the electrical power grid serving in energy transportation, distribution utilization, and hydrogen regeneration as needed. A challenging problem in establishing H2 as a source of energy for the future is the renewable and environmentally friendly generation of large quantities of H2 gas. Thus, processes that are presently conceptual in nature, or at a developmental stage in the laboratory, need to be encouraged, tested for feasibility, and otherwise applied toward commercialization.
Transparent and Shaped Stiffness Reflection for Telesurgery (2010)

The main goal of this chapter is to demonstrate the potential benefits of controllers of the third concept, i.e. controllers with model-based haptic feedback, especially for telesurgical applications. Hereto, this chapter describes the practical implementation of the Stiffness Reflecting Controller. The experiments described in Section 5 support the claim that such controllers show good robustness properties. It is shown that, for the SRC, the compliance of the position controller does not influence the stiffness felt by the operator. It is also shown that the introduction of a low-pass filter or non-negligible time-delay only minimally affects the transparency and stability for the SRC. Although not explicitly demonstrated in this chapter, controllers of the third concept can also behave more robust with respect to other hardware-related issues of surgical slave robots that traditionally restrict the applicability of bilateral controllers on such robots. Willaert et al. (2009b) show e.g. that the inertia of the slave has a large influence on the stability properties of the DFF controller and conclude that the slave inertia should be as low as possible. Since current commercial surgical robots are mostly not lightweight robots, the SRC can be a useful controller for these robots. Another, hardware aspect of current surgical robots is the restricted structural stiffness, which influences both transparency and stability (Christiansson & van der Helm, 2007; Tavakoli & Howe, 2009). For the DFF and a slave with flexibilities, the stiffness that the human operator feels is a series connection of the real environment stiffness, the stiffness of the position controller and the structural stiffness of the slave. In this work, the estimation of the environment stiffness is based on the force measurement at the end-effector (Fe ) and the position measurement at the motor (xs xe ). As the 1 d.o.f master and slave behave as a rigid-body for frequencies below 100 Hz, the correct environment stiffness can be estimated. For flexible multi-d.o.f. systems, however, the estimation of k e should be based on the force measurement at the end-effector (Fe ) and the position measurement at the end-effector (xe = xs ). In future research, it will be investigated how the position of the end-effector can be measured or estimated. By doing so, the SRC can be made insensitive to both the compliance of the position controller and the compliance of the slave robot itself. Based on the detailed stability analysis of the DFF and the experiments presented here, it is clear that, compared to the DFF, the SRC will have significantly better stability properties when implemented on multi-d.o.f master-slave setups. But, a detailed analysis of the stability properties of the SRC is not straightforward due to the presence of the Extended Kalman Filter. Thanks to the introduction of a stiffness-depending damping term (see 12), the SRC implemented on the setup described in this chapter is stable for environment stiffnesses up to
Alkoxide-Initiated Eliminations on Substrates Bearing Poor Leaving Groups. I. Diglyme as Substrate in Potassium t-Butoxide Initiated Elimination (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkoxide-Initiated Eliminations on Substrates Bearing Poor Leaving Groups. I. Diglyme as Substrate in Potassium t-Butoxide Initiated EliminationWilliam H. Snyder, John Parascandola, and Mark WolfingerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 6, 2037–2039Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01344a547https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01344a547research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Reciprocal Variable Feedback Concept for Design and Control (1993)

System performance can be significantly improved when both the design of the plant and of the controller are considered concurrently. Control theory can be applied to diverse systems, including those that are physical in nature and many that are not Despite the generality afforded by control theory, there are many situations in which opportunities are missed for using less conservative control laws and simpler overall implementations. This is due to formulations that do not explicitly reveal the existence of intrinsic information pertaining to the particular domain of application. Such is the case with many physical systems. The various constraints of physical reality (in the form of principles, laws, etc.) open several possibilities which can be exploited for system design and control. In this paper, we propose the Reciprocal Variable Feedback principle as a means for facilitating the control of plants with complicated nonlinear dynamics in the presence of parameter and/or structural uncertainty. The RVF principle exploits the effort-flow relationships associated with power interactions in order to assist in the design and control of physical processes. This is accomplished by using sensors instead of computation based models and can be implemented within many physical domains. A motion control example is used to provide insight into the nature of the principle. It is expected that in the future, additional principles will be identified and introduced for integrating design with the control of dynamic systems.
[Comparison between anomia with word comprehension difficulty and Gogi aphasia due to lobar atrophy]. (1995)

We used naming and pointing tests and a proverb completion task to compare two cases of aphasia that exhibited a selective disturbance of word processing. One patient had anomia with word comprehension difficulty due to partial ablation of the left temporal lobe and the other patient had Gogi aphasia due to lobar atrophy with left temporal predominance. We presented 90 pictures of common objects divided into 9 categories in the naming and pointing tests, and used 10 well-known Japanese proverbs as stimuli in the proverb completion task. Performance of the naming and pointing tests was severely impaired in both patients. In the patient with anomia, words the patient could not name or point to varied from session to session and phonemic cue effects were frequently observed. The proverb completion phenomenon was positive. These findings indicate that the patient had an obstruction of the access route to the intact word store or a partial rarefaction of the word store itself. In the patient with Gogi aphasia, the words the patient could not name or point to were consistent from one occasion to another, and no phonemic cue effects or signs of familiarity were observed at all. The proverb completion phenomenon was totally negative. These findings indicate that the patient has lost the word store itself. MR images in the case of anomia revealed a lesion extending from the anterior to the central portion of the inferior part of the left temporal lobe. In the case of Gogi aphasia, the MR images displayed knife-edged focal atrophy in the anterior aspect of both temporal lobes, more prominently on the left.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Identification of a Precursor Pool of Ribosome Protein in<i>Escherichia coli</i> (1968)

Antibodies prepared against proteins from 50S ribosomes of Escherichia coli also reacted with the supernatant proteins of a cell-free extract of E. coli which was ribosome-free. A reaction of immunological identity (Ouchterlony tests) was demonstrated for one of these supernatant proteins and one protein found in 50S ribosomes. Isotope experiments involving a shift from (14)C-leucine medium to (12)C-leucine medium showed that these proteins are not formed by breakdown of ribosomes during the preparation of cell-free extracts, but instead represent a pool of ribosome protein which is utilized during growth. In shift experiments from (14)C-leucine to (12)C-leucine medium, the kinetics of disappearance of labeled supernatant ribosome proteins (as measured by reaction with antibody) indicated that half the pool is depleted in 0.1 generation time at 37 C in glucose-salts medium. The pool was also depleted under conditions of amino acid starvation of a "relaxed" strain which accumulated "relaxed" particles. Most, if not all, of the protein present in "relaxed" particles was derived from the pool. The pool represented about 3 to 4% of the total soluble proteins in the ribosome-free supernatant fluid of an E. coli extract.
Production, Purification, and Some Properties of Clostridium histolyticum Collagenase. (1950)

Jennison(1) reported that Clostridium histolyticum produced a proteinase that was able to digest "native" collagen. In a previous communication from this laboratory(2) the activity of Cl. histolyticum filtrates in the degradation of collagen was confirmed, as well as the lack of activity of other proteinases on unmodified collagen.In this communication a reproducible procedure will be described for the isolation and partial purification of a proteinase(s) from Cl. histolyticum which is very active in the solubilization of native collagen. A method will be described wherein filtrates with little or no lethal toxin but adequate "collagenase" activity may be produced in large batches. The final product purified by the method to be described is 400 times as active per unit nitrogen as the original filtrate. The separation of a proteolytic enzyme which has no collagenase activity and which is activated by Fe and cysteine (gelatin substrate) is described. This enzyme has been described previously (3,4).Experimental. Stock and seed cultures. The strain of Cl. histolyticum used in these studies was CHT from the stock collection in this laboratory. The stock medium was prepared as previously described for Cl. perfringens(5). In carrying this culture on stock medium, no glucose was used. Just before transfer, 1 ml of a sterile sodium thioglycolate solution (4 mg) was added to each tube. The stock cultures were incubated at 37°C for 16–18 hours. Seed cultures were incubated for 8 hours.Medium for collagenase production. Casein digest and medium were prepared as previously described(5). The bottles containing 3 liters of medium were steam sterilized at 15 lb. for 1 hour and cooled to approximately 38–40°C in running tap water. A sterile solution (75 ml) containing 3 g of sodium thioglycolate was added to each bottle immediately prior to incubation with 40 ml of seed culture.