gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Antiperspirants and deodorants--ingredients and evaluation]. (1989)

Antitranspirants and deodorants gain more and more interest. Aluminium chlorohydrate and aluminium zirkonium tetrachlorohydrate glycine complex are the most frequently used active ingredients in commercial antitranspirants today. Aluminium chloride and propantheline bromide, the anticholinergic substance, are important alternatives although less common. Active ingredients of deodorants are mainly perfumes or bactericidal/bacteriostatic substances, such as triclosan. In addition, there are substances which are meant to bind offending smells (e.g. zinc ricinoleate) or to influence the skin surface pH (e.g. triethyl citrate). As in the cosmetics industry in general, both safety and efficacy of a product are major parameters in the experimental and clinical evaluation. Establishment of efficacy is based on olfactory tests in model situations as well as on the detection of associated effects (e.g. influence on cutaneous microflora).
Introduction (1993)

What is a low temperature? Before we can start to consider the properties of matter and experimental techniques at low temperatures we must answer this question. Everyone has an opinion on the matter. Most would describe the inside of a domestic food freezer as being at a rather low temperature. However, an inhabitant of the polar regions would probably find it nothing out of the ordinary. The point is that there is really no absolute answer to this question and that it depends on the context in which we are speaking. Certainly, as far as this book is concerned, the inside of the domestic food freezer is at a very high temperature! This question also raises another: What exactly do we mean by the temperature of something?
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences hepatic inflammation but not hepatocellular injury (2007)

Methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diets that cause steatohepatitis in rodents are typically enriched in polyunsaturated fat. To determine whether the fat composition of the MCD formula influences the development of liver disease, we manufactured custom MCD formulas with fats ranging in PUFA content from 2% to 59% and tested them for their ability to induce steatohepatitis. All modified-fat MCD formulas caused identical degrees of hepatic steatosis and resulted in a similar distribution of fat within individual hepatic lipid compartments. The fatty acid composition of hepatic lipids, however, reflected the fat composition of the diet. Mice fed a PUFA-rich MCD formula showed extensive hepatic lipid peroxidation, induction of proinflammatory genes, and histologic inflammation. When PUFAs were substituted with more saturated fats, lipid peroxidation, proinflammatory gene induction, and hepatic inflammation all declined significantly. Despite the close relationship between PUFAs and hepatic inflammation in mice fed MCD formulas, dietary fat had no impact on MCD-mediated damage to hepatocytes. Indeed, histologic apoptosis and serum alanine aminotransferase levels were comparable in all MCD-fed mice regardless of dietary fat content. Together, these results indicate that dietary PUFAs promote hepatic inflammation but not hepatotoxicity in the MCD model of liver disease. These findings emphasize that individual dietary nutrients can make specific contributions to steatohepatitis.
T cell and NK cell mediated graft-versus-leukaemia reactivity following donor buffy coat transfusion to treat relapse after marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid leukaemia. (1993)

Two patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia in cytogenetic relapse following T lymphocyte-depleted BMT were treated with transfusions of donor buffy coat leucocytes. In both patients the marrow reverted to a completely normal karyotype and was negative for the BCR-ABL fusion gene transcript by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Before buffy coat transfusion the cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor frequency against pre-BMT patient leukaemia cells (Lk-CTLP) was lower than that against pre-BMT patient PHA-transformed lymphocytes (Ly-CTLP) in both cases. At 2 weeks (case 1) and 8 weeks (case 2) after transfusion this ratio inverted so that Lk-CTLP predominated. Natural killer (NK) function fell initially and then recovered to exceed pre-transfusion values prior to normalization of the bone marrow karyotype. These changes in cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells following donor buffy coat transfusions for patients with relapsed chronic myeloid leukaemia after marrow transplantation support the concept of a graft-versus-leukaemia effect mediated by both MHC restricted and non-restricted pathways.
Efflux-Related Resistance to Norfloxacin, Dyes, and Biocides in Bloodstream Isolates of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2007)

Efflux is an important resistance mechanism in Staphylococcus aureus, but its frequency in patients with bacteremia is unknown. Nonreplicate bloodstream isolates were collected over an 8-month period, and MICs of four common efflux pump substrates, with and without the broad-spectrum efflux pump inhibitor reserpine, were determined (n = 232). A reserpine-associated fourfold decrease in MIC was considered indicative of efflux. Strains exhibiting efflux of at least two of the four substrates were identified ("effluxing strains" [n = 114]). For these strains, MICs with or without reserpine for an array of typical substrates and the expression of mepA, mdeA, norA, norB, norC, and qacA/B were determined using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). A fourfold or greater increase in gene expression was considered significant. The most commonly effluxed substrates were ethidium bromide and chlorhexidine (100 and 96% of effluxing strains, respectively). qRT-PCR identified strains overexpressing mepA (5 [4.4%]), mdeA (13 [11.4%]), norA (26 [22.8%]), norB (29 [25.4%]), and norC (19 [16.7%]); 23 strains overexpressed two or more genes. Mutations probably associated with increased gene expression included a MepR-inactivating substitution and norA promoter region insertions or deletions. Mutations possibly associated with increased expression of the other analyzed genes were also observed. Effluxing strains comprised 49% of all strains studied (114/232 strains), with nearly half of these overexpressing genes encoding MepA, MdeA, and/or NorABC (54/114 strains). Reduced susceptibility to biocides may contribute to persistence on environmental surfaces, and efflux of drugs such as fluoroquinolones may predispose strains to high-level target-based resistance.
Identification of Salmonella gallinarum virulence genes in a chicken infection model using PCR-based signature-tagged mutagenesis (2005)

Salmonella gallinarum (SG) is a non-motile host-adapted salmonella that causes fowl typhoid, a severe systemic disease responsible for significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. This study describes the application of a PCR-based signature-tagged mutagenesis system to identify in vivo-essential genes of SG. Ninety-six pools representing 1152 SG mutants were screened in a natural-host chicken infection model. Twenty presumptive attenuated mutants were identified and examined further. The identity of the disrupted gene in each mutant was determined by cloning of the DNA sequences adjacent to the transposon, followed by sequencing and comparison with the bacterial genome database. In vitro and in vivo competition indices were determined for each identified mutant and a total of 18 unique, attenuating gene disruptions were identified. These mutations represented six broad genomic classes: Salmonella pathogenicity island-1 (SPI-1), SPI-2, SPI-10, SPI-13, SPI-14 and non-SPI-encoded virulence genes. SPI-13 and SPI-14 are newly identified and designated in this study. Most of the genes identified in this study were not previously believed or known to play a role in the pathogenesis of SG infection in chickens. Each STM identified mutant showed competitiveness and/or virulence defects, confirmed by in vitro and in vivo assays, and challenge tests. This study should contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in progression of disease caused by SG, and identification of novel live vaccine candidates and new potential antibiotic targets.
Optically-isotropic nanoencapsulated liquid crystal displays based on Kerr effect (2013)

An innovative liquid crystal display (LCD), incorporating in-plane switching mechanism with LC nanoencapsulation, is developed and its electro-optic (EO) performances are characterized. The nanoencapsulated LCDs exhibit electric-field induced transitions from an optically-isotropic state to an anisotropic one based on Kerr effect. Extremely small size of LC droplets embedded in the nanoencapsulated layer, less than a quarter of wavelength of incident light, appear transparent in the voltage-off state and gradually becomes birefringent in response to applied voltage, exhibiting the optical behavior of uniaxial retarder. Due to optically-isotropic nature and a large Kerr effect, they show wide viewing angle characteristics and good EO performances.
The design of a look-down feedback adaptive controller for the lateral control of front-wheel-steering autonomous highway vehicles (1997)

An adaptive control law and a distance rate observer were developed for the lateral control of autonomous vehicles. The control law and the observer were implemented on a passenger vehicle. The test results show that both tight lateral tracking control and smooth steering can be achieved without feed forward information. The developed control law is shown to be very robust to changes in the most critical vehicle control parameters.
Lattice matching consideration in pseudo-AFC structure (2004)

In this paper, we describe the lattice constant of a and c are 2.506 /spl Aring/ for pure Co and are 2.706 /spl Aring/ and 4.28 for pure Ru. Lattice mismatch between Co alloy layer and Ru layer are expected to be high in AFC media, which can cause poor Cr(100)//Co(1120) epitaxy, resulting in SNR degradation.
Fighting Back: A Test Of The Subculture Of Violence Thesis (1987)

National Crime Survey (NCS) data on criminal incidents over a ten-year period (1973-1982) were used to examine the correlates of type of self-protective action taken by crime victims. The primary focus of the study is the usefulness of the subculture of violence thesis for the interpretation of victim responses to personal crime. The study also explores the importance of contextual ("neighborhood") characteristics vis-a-vis individual characteristics in explaining victim behavior.
The JCAHO patient safety event taxonomy: a standardized terminology and classification schema for near misses and adverse events (2005)

The results suggest that the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) Patient Safety Event Taxonomy could facilitate a common approach for patient safety information systems. Having access to standardized data would make it easier to file patient safety event reports and to conduct root cause analyses in a consistent fashion.
Pattern Recognition of Thermal Images for Monitoring of Breathing Function (2015)

Breathing is a crucial human process that requires easy and accurate monitoring. There are several available breathing monitoring methods which are based on strapping subjects with special sensors for monitoring their breathing rate. The results of these methods have been acceptable but connecting people with such equipment is awkward, especially in the case of monitoring the breathing of infants who have tiny and sensitive bodies. Therefore, providing a noncontact method is a good alternative. Thermal imaging is one of the latest non-contact passive techniques that are used for monitoring and controlling different human processes, including breathing. In this paper, a thermal image feature extraction method with neural network based classification system is developed to be used as part of a breathing monitoring system. The classification is based on matching the entries of mixed breathing images, either breath-in or breath-out images, with their desired values. The extracted breathing image features are used as entries for the neural network classifier. The neural network based model has produced promising classification results. Additionally, it has been possible to calculate the breathing rate of each subject from the classification results.
[Antagonism of flunitrazepam and fentanyl by flumazenil, naloxone or nalbuphine]. (1990)

The new benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil represents another approach to the ever-present problem of recurring respiratory depression after anesthesia with flunitrazepam and fentanyl. Objective and subjective side effects of flumazenil were studied in comparison with the opiate antagonists naloxone and nalbuphine. METHODS. One hundred fifty surgical patients, ASA I or II, aged 18-65 years were studied. After premedication with atropine 0.5 mg and flunitrazepam 0.5 mg anesthesia was induced with flunitrazepam 0.5 mg, fentanyl 0.1 mg and etomidate 10 mg and maintained with N2O/O2 2:1 and additional increments of 0.1 mg fentanyl as required. Relaxation for intubation and surgery was obtained with non depolarizing muscle relaxants. After the operation the patients were extubated and then flumazenil 0.4 mg, naloxone 0.05 mg, or nalbuphine 20 mg was given i.v. (randomized and double-blind). In 15 patients blood pressure and heart rate were monitored. In all patients postoperative pain was assessed by the time interval between administration of the antagonist and need for the first analgesic medication. On the 1st postoperative day recall of postoperative events and of pictures shown 5, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min after administration of the antagonist was tested. The patients were interviewed a second time for side effects on day 3-6 after the operation. RESULTS. The three antagonists produced no significant effects on arterial pressure and heart rate. There were no differences between the antagonists in the incidence of postoperative nausea and/or vomiting or postoperative pain. After flumazenil, a significant transient increase in vigilance and better recall of postoperative events was noted within 5 and 30 min after administration of the drug. CONCLUSION. On the basis of the objective clinical findings, there is no reason to prefer either benzodiazepine or opiate antagonists after flunitrazepam and fentanyl. However, postoperative amnesia can be reduced by flumazenil if this is desirable.
A Statistical Method to Evaluate Dental Classification Systems Used by Military Dental Services (2008)

A retrospective cohort study of U.S. Navy recruits were followed for an average of 3.5 years. Dental records of 1,114 recruits who had their initial dental examination during the calendar year 1997 were collected in 2001. Four hundred sixty-two dental emergencies (DE) were recorded, of which 50 were class 3 patients. The incidence density ratio (IDR) of DE was 2.2 (p < 0.001; class 3 compared to class 1 or 2 patients). The mean times to DE in patients who experienced DE were 92 days (class 3 patients) and 418 days (class 1 and 2 patients; p < 0.001), while the median times to DE were 59 days and 295 days (p < 0.001) for class 3 and class 1 or 2, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio for DE in class 3 versus class 1 and 2 patients was 1.519 (p = 0.0149). We have concluded that examination of the following statistics is necessary to assess the effectiveness of military dental classification systems: (1) the percentage of DE that occur in class 3 patients, (2) the IDR of DE, (3) the mean time to DE, (4) the median time to DE, and (5) the hazard ratio of DE.
An evaluation of the abuse potential of modafinil using methylphenidate as a reference (2000)

Modafinil is a unique wake-promoting agent. Preclinical studies indicate a mechanism of action which is distinct from that of amphetamine or methylphenidate. To compare the pharmacodynamic profiles of modafinil, methylphenidate, and placebo in humans, a double-blind Latin square crossover study was conducted in 24 male volunteers with a history of polysubstance abuse that included the stimulant cocaine. Each subject was given single oral doses of methylphenidate (45 mg or 90 mg), modafinil (200 mg, 400 mg or 800 mg) and placebo. Measures of subjective, behavioural, and physiological responses were evaluated at fixed intervals during 72 h after each dosing occasion. Subjects discriminated both modafinil and methylphenidate from placebo. Subjects liked the effects of both drugs. However, modafinil differed from methylphenidate in its lack of a significant response on the Amphetamine Scale of the Addiction Research Center Inventory. The profile of physiological effects for modafinil differed from methylphenidate in that it showed greater inhibition of observed and reported sleep, less facilitation of orthostatic tachycardia and less reduction of caloric intake. These findings are consistent with preclinical pharmacological data suggesting that modafinil is not an amphetamine-like agent.
Longevity of 2328 chairside Cerec inlays and onlays. (2003)

In a dental practice, 2328 ceramic inlays were placed in 794 patients. The restorations were manufactured chairside using Cerec technology and adhesively inserted at the same appointment. The clinical performance of the restorations was evaluated with the Kaplan-Meier analysis. The probability of survival was 95.5% after 9 years; 35 Cerec restorations were judged as failures. The prognosis for success was not significantly influenced by restoration size, tooth vitality, treatment of caries profunda (CP), type of tooth treated, or whether the restoration was located in the maxilla or mandible. The most common type of failure was the extraction of a tooth. In a clinical follow-up light-microscopic examination of 44 randomly selected restorations, an average composite joint width of 236.3 microns was found. 45.1% of the restorations exhibited a perfect margin, and 47.4% of the investigated joint sections showed underfilled margins.
Artificial Neural Networks in Radiation Therapy (2008)

Online Training 232
7.4 Prediction of 3-D Physical Compensator Profi les 2327.4.1 Introduction 232
7.4.2 Physical Compensator Model 233
7.4.3 Network Training Data 234
7.4.4 Ensemble Averaging Model 235
7.4.5 Optimizing Multilayer Perceptron Architecture 236
7.4.6 Optimizing Ensemble Membership: Genetic Algorithm-Based Selective Artifi cial Neural Network Ensembles 237
7.4.7 Results and Discussion 2397.4.7.1 Optimizing Multilayer Perceptron Architecture ....... 239
7.4.7.2 Ensemble Averaging 2417.4.8 Conclusions 241
7.5 Lung Tumor Tracking 2427.5.1 Introduction 242
7.5.2 Tumor Motion Data 243
7.5.3 Adaptive Predictor Model 244
7.5.4 Time-Series Prediction Artifi cial Neural NetworkParameterization and Training 245
7.5.4.1 Generalized Regression Neural Network 2477.5.5 Assessment Criteria 247
7.5.6 Results and Discussion 248
7.5.7 Conclusions on ANN for Respiratory Tracking 250
Multiple protein/protein and protein/RNA interactions suggest roles for yeast DNA/RNA helicase Sen1p in transcription, transcription-coupled DNA repair and RNA processing (2004)

Sen1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a Type I DNA/RNA helicase. Mutations in the helicase domain perturb accumulation of diverse RNA classes, and Sen1p has been implicated in 3' end formation of non-coding RNAs. Using a combination of global and candidate-specific two hybrid screens, eight proteins were identified that interact with Sen1p. Interactions with three of the proteins were analyzed further: Rpo21p(Rpb1p), a subunit of RNA polymerase II, Rad2p, a deoxyribonuclease required in DNA repair, and Rnt1p (RNase III), an endoribonuclease required for RNA maturation. For all three interactions, the two-hybrid results were confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Genetic tests designed to assess the biological significance of the interactions indicate that Sen1p plays functionally significant roles in transcription and transcription-coupled DNA repair. To investigate the potential role of Sen1p in RNA processing and to assess the functional significance of the Sen1p/Rnt1p interaction, we examined U5 snRNA biogenesis. We provide evidence that Sen1p functions in concert with Rnt1p and the exosome at a late step in 3' end formation of one of the two mature forms of U5 snRNA but not the other. The protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions reported here suggest that the DNA/RNA helicase activity of Sen1p is utilized for several different purposes in multiple gene expression pathways.
An integrated non-parametric sequential approach to multi-class pattern classification (1973)

A now method of pattern classification, evolved by integrating in a sequential mode a non-parametric feature selection criterion with an explicit learning scheme, is presented. This feature selection criterion is based on the well-known concept of inter-class and intra-class Euclidean distances as a measure of the separability of the pattern classes in a given feature space. An ‘ effective figure of merit’ is denned and the feature subset in which this figure of merit attains the maximum value is construed as the best feature subset. Usually in most of the existing techniques, a single feature subset is chosen as the hest for the multi-class problem as a whole. A distinctive departure from this practice has been made here in that an individual best feature subset is determined for each of the pattern classes. The values of the effective figure of merit for the best feature subsets of the different pattern classes are sorted to determine the best separable pattern class. The learning scheme developed here is employed in conjunction with the feature selection scheme to train the weight vector of the beat separable class. This learning is explicit in that the weight vector is moved in the appropriate feature subspace to search for the position of minimum classification error amidst the training sample clusters with the errors being monitored explicitly throughout the learning phase. This weight vector is then used to classify the training set and those samples (from the remaining classes) which are classified as unknown form the reconstituted training sample set. This procedure of selecting the best feature subset of the best separable pattern class and training the weight vector of that class is continued sequentially until alt the pattern classes have been considered.
Proof-of-Possession Tokens in Microservice Architectures (2018)

The popular OAuth 2.0 Framework specifies the use of Bearer Tokens for the transmission of authorization credentials. A Bearer Token has the property that any party in possession of it can use the it. Requests including Bearer Tokens are therefore performed over a secure channel t oensure that tokens cannot be obtained by eavesdroppers. There are, however, still ways in which tokens may be leaked, including cross-site scripting and man-in-the-middle attacks. In situations where Bearer Tokens do not provide adequate security, proof-of-possession techniques may be employed to bind tokens to clients, thereby mitigating token leakage. This project presents a method which can be used to bind tokens to clients based on authentication performed by an external identity provider. How clients form proof-of-possession tokens is also described. The resultis a token which may be used to transmit authorization credentials overan insecure channel. Token performance is measured in terms of client key generation time, token generation time, and authorization time. The effect different signing a lgorithms have on performance is measured and the proof-of-possession token is compared to Bearer Token based authorization. The results show that Elliptical Curve cryptography may be employed by lightweight devices to reduce client key and token generation times. The analysis also shows that an increase in authorization time by a factor of between six and nine can be expected when compared to Bearer Token based authorization.