gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-resolved Detection of Singlet Oxygen in a Transmission Microscope¶ (2001)

The time-resolved absorption spectrum of singlet oxygen [O2(a1 delta g)-->O2(b1 sigma g+)] has been recorded in the region approximately 5100-5300 cm-1 from air-saturated polystyrene samples using a microscope attached to a step-scan Fourier transform IR spectrometer. Singlet oxygen signals were observed with a time resolution of approximately 160 ns from sample volumes of approximately 20 nL using moderate data-acquisition times. These data indicate that it is reasonable and worthwhile to consider the further development of a transmission microscope as a viable tool to create singlet oxygen images of inhomogeneous samples including samples of biological importance.
Multi-accent speech recognition of Afrikaans, black and white varieties of south african English (2011)

In this paper we investigate speech recognition performance of systems employing several accent-specific recognisers in parallel for the simultaneous recognition of multiple accents. We compare these systems with oracle systems, in which test utterances are presented to matching accent-specific recognisers, and with accent-independent systems, in which acoustic and language model training data are pooled. Our investigation is based on Afrikaans (AE), Black (BE) and White (EE) accents of South African English. We find that, when accent is classified on a per-utterance basis, parallel systems outperform oracle systems for the AE+EE accent pair while the opposite is observed for BE+EE. When accent identification is carried out on a per-speaker basis, oracle or better performance is obtained for both accent pairs. Furthermore, parallel systems based on multi-accent acoustic modelling, which allows selective crossaccent sharing of acoustic training data, outperform parallel systems using accent-specific acoustic models. The former also yields better performance than accent-independent recognition, which uses pooled acoustic and language models.
Privacy Enhancement for Internet Electronic Mail: Part II: Certificate-Based Key Management (1993)

This is one of a series of documents defining privacy enhancement
mechanisms for electronic mail transferred using Internet mail
protocols. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Formation of CeO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes from Ce(OH)CO<sub>3</sub> Nanorods through Kirkendall Diffusion (2009)

In this paper, CeO(2) nanotubes based on the Kirkendall effect (for simplicity, this type of nanotubes is denoted as K-type CeO(2) nanotubes) are fabricated through a solid-liquid interface reaction between Ce(OH)CO(3) nanorods and NaOH solutions. Our studies indicate the formation mechanism of K-type CeO(2) nanotubes is quite different from those of CeO(2) nanotubes subjected to template (T-type CeO(2) nanotubes) and lamellar rolling (L-type CeO(2) nanotubes) reported previously by our group. The K-type CeO(2) nanotubes are prepared by congregating Kirkendall voids and subsequent calcinations. The time evolution processes are imaged by TEM, and the results show that as the reaction processes, interior spaces are formed and enlarged in Ce(OH)CO(3) nanorods to form K-type CeO(2) nanotubes. In contrast, the interior space in T-type CeO(2) nanotubes decreases with reaction time. XRD is applied to study the phase transformation in the formation process of K-type CeO(2) nanotubes. Our study also indicates NaOH and reaction temperature are two key factors responsible for formation of K-type CeO(2) nanotubes. Combined with the T- and L-type nanotubes, three types of CeO(2) nanotubes with different formation mechanisms are successfully synthesized in one reaction system, which might afford some guidance for the synthesis of other inorganic nanotubes.
Towards quantitative concept analysis (2007)

Abstract: In this paper we present an approach to the automatic extraction of conceptual structures from unorganized collections of documents using large scale lexical regularities in text. The technique maps a term to a constellation of other terms that captures the essential meaning of the term in question. The methodology is language independent, it involves an exploration of a document collection in which the initial term occurs (e.g., the collection returned by a search engine when being queried with this term) and the building of a network in which each node is assigned to a term. The weights of the connections between nodes are strengthened each time the terms that these nodes represent appear together in a context of a predefined length. Possible applications are automatic concept map generation, terminology extraction, term retrieval, term translation, term localization, etc. The system is currently under development although preliminary experiments show promising results.
Peripheral adaptations in trained aged rats with femoral artery stenosis. (1994)

The development and functional significance of exercise-induced peripheral adaptations were evaluated in aged animals with peripheral arterial insufficiency. Fisher 344 male rats (21 months old) were subjected to bilateral stenosis of the femoral arteries sufficient to limit active hyperemia but not to impair resting blood flow. Beginning the third day after stenosis, animals were (1) exercised by walking (n = 12) on a treadmill at 20 m/min at 15% inclination, twice a day, 5 days per week, or (2) limited to cage activity (n = 10). Exercise tolerance improved from approximately 5 to approximately 35 minutes (P < .001) over the 8 weeks of the training program but increased only marginally to approximately 8 minutes for the sedentary group. An isolated hind limb preparation perfused at equivalent blood flows (approximately 1 ml.min-1 x g-1 with an arterial blood oxygen content of approximately 20 vol%) was used to assess the functional and metabolic impact of muscle-specific adaptations during sequential contraction periods at 4, 8, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 tetani per minute. An initially similar force development of approximately 10 N/g was better maintained (P < .001) by the trained group. The peak oxygen consumption attained by the trained group of 5.68 +/- 0.34 mumol.min-1 x g-1 was greater (P < .01) than that of the sedentary group (4.34 +/- 0.29 mumol.min-1 x g-1). This was due to a greater oxygen extraction, since oxygen delivery was the same (approximately 10 mumol.min-1 x g-1) to muscles of both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Whole-body PET parametric imaging employing direct 4D nested reconstruction and a generalized non-linear Patlak model (2014)

Graphical analysis is employed in the research setting to provide quantitative estimation of PET tracer kinetics from dynamic images at a single bed. Recently, we proposed a multi-bed dynamic acquisition framework enabling clinically feasible whole-body parametric PET imaging by employing post-reconstruction parameter estimation. In addition, by incorporating linear Patlak modeling within the system matrix, we enabled direct 4D reconstruction in order to effectively circumvent noise amplification in dynamic whole-body imaging. However, direct 4D Patlak reconstruction exhibits a relatively slow convergence due to the presence of non-sparse spatial correlations in temporal kinetic analysis. In addition, the standard Patlak model does not account for reversible uptake, thus underestimating the influx rate Ki. We have developed a novel whole-body PET parametric reconstruction framework in the STIR platform, a widely employed open-source reconstruction toolkit, a) enabling accelerated convergence of direct 4D multi-bed reconstruction, by employing a nested algorithm to decouple the temporal parameter estimation from the spatial image update process, and b) enhancing the quantitative performance particularly in regions with reversible uptake, by pursuing a non-linear generalized Patlak 4D nested reconstruction algorithm. A set of published kinetic parameters and the XCAT phantom were employed for the simulation of dynamic multi-bed acquisitions. Quantitative analysis on the K<sub>i</sub> images demonstrated considerable acceleration in the convergence of the nested 4D whole-body Patlak algorithm. In addition, our simulated and patient whole-body data in the postreconstruction domain indicated the quantitative benefits of our extended generalized Patlak 4D nested reconstruction for tumor diagnosis and treatment response monitoring.
Partner Preferences (2000)

Abstract The current investigation extends recent studies that have examined the degree to which various traits are preferred in a short-term sexual relationship versus a long-term romantic relationship. College students (N = 561) expressed their preferences for 23 traits or characteristics in a “short-term sexual” or a “long-term romantic” relationship partner (randomly assigned). Across relationship types, participants preferred internal qualities (e.g., personality, intelligence) to a greater degree than external qualities (e.g., wealth, physical attractiveness). In addition, two sex differences were found. As expected, men emphasized attributes related to sexual desirability more than did women, and women valued characteristics pertaining to social status more than did men. Finally, both men and women focused upon sexual desirability (e.g., attractiveness, health, sex drive, athleticism) when evaluating a short-term sexual partner, and placed more importance on similarity and on socially appealing personality characteristics (e.g., intelligence, honesty, warmth) when considering a long-term romantic relationship.
The Alkylation of Amines with t-Acetylenic Chlorides. Preparation of Sterically Hindered Amines<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Alkylation of Amines with t-Acetylenic Chlorides. Preparation of Sterically Hindered Amines1G. F. Hennion and Robert S. HanzelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 18, 4908–4912Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01503a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01503a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views930Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Pulse-Shaping Networks in the Time Domain (1969)

A fundamental problem in the design of data transmission systems is the synthesis of pulse-shaping networks which satisfy specifications in both the time and frequency domains. This paper considers the problem of designing a network to shape an arbitrary input pulse into a band-limited pulse having minimum intersymbol interference. The design procedure uses the zeros of the network transfer function to achieve the band-limiting properties (using a modified Temes and Gyi constraint) while the transfer function poles are optimized with a computer to give the desired time response. By limiting the specifications on the shaped pulse to an absolute minimum, very accurate results are achieved with simple networks. Some sample designs and experimental results are included. For example, an 11th order transfer function is designed to shape rectangular pulses for a synchronous baseband pulse amplitude modulation system. The shaped pulses have a bandwidth 20 percent in excess of the Nyquist bandwidth and a theoretical worst-case distortion of 2.1 percent. An active realization of this transfer function achieved a worst-case distortion of about 2.5 percent.
Regulation of polyadenylation in hepatitis B viruses: stimulation by the upstream activating signal PS1 is orientation-dependent, distance-independent, and additive (1991)

Hepatitis B viruses replicate by reverse transcription of a genomic RNA which harbors terminal redundancies. The synthesis of this RNA requires that transcription proceed twice through the polyadenylation (pA) site which, in mammalian strains, is flanked by the variant hexanucleotide UAUAAA and a T-rich downstream domain. These core elements are by themselves virtually defective in 3' end processing and require multiple upstream accessory elements which regulate pA site use. In ground squirrel hepatitis B virus (GSHV), one of these signals (PS1; -215 to -107 relative to UAUAAA) is transcribed only at the 3' end of genomic RNA and as such is analogous to retroviral U3 sequences. PS1 cooperates with other signals to enhance pA site use to very high levels and can be further sub-divided into two regions (A and B) which contribute equally to 3' end processing. Critical residues within PS1B have been localized to a 15 bp A/T-rich stretch which displays homology to other known upstream activating signals. A 15 bp segment within PS1A which has the identical A/T content but a divergent primary sequence plays a diminished role in processing. Furthermore, PS1 can activate GSHV core element usage autonomously. This stimulation has been shown to be additive since multiple copies of PS1 progressively increase polyadenylation, a phenomenon which also demands that PS1 exert its influence from a variety of distances from the hexanucleotide signal.
Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume I Mammals edited by Stephen R. Humphrey (University Press of Florida, ISBN 0 8130 1128 0, 392 pp., £20.75) (1993)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Interactive Three-Dimensional Visualization of Web3D Media (2003)

Web3D is the general term for techniques of three dimensional computer graphics on Internet(Web). The idea of VRML of which mechanism was formed at the beginning of 90's, was completely hanged. It is characteristic that the shift to the offer of rich media contents with pursued realistic image by utilizing the broad-band network. This Web3D techniques was developed mainly aiming at the electronic commerce etc. It is further used as a visualization tool for the simulation system solved on a large-scale computer. An example of the Optimum Towing Support System using Web3D is referred.
Ki67 LABELLING INDEX IN GASTRIC CARCINOMAS. AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY USING DOUBLE STAINING FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF DIFFUSE-TYPE CARCINOMAS (1997)

The aim of the present study was to clarify the conflicting recorded data on the proliferative features of gastric carcinoma. The Ki67 labelling index (Ki67 LI) was evaluated using MIB-1 in 43 carcinomas (24 diffuse and 19 intestinal). In 18 cases, differential counts were performed in superficial and deep layers. In ten diffuse carcinomas with a prominent desmoplastic response, Ki67 LI was evaluated in sections double-stained with MIB-1 and CAM5.2. Flow cytometry was performed in 26 cases. Ki67 LI of diffuse carcinomas (36.3 +/- 19.0) was not significantly different from that of intestinal carcinomas (28.2 +/- 18.5). Ki67 LI was significantly higher (P = 0.006) in superficial than in deep areas (41.9 +/- 22.7 and 29.7 +/- 19.7, respectively) regardless of histological tumour type. No significant relationship was observed between Ki67 LI and wall invasion, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion or ploidy. The following conclusions were drawn: double immunostaining techniques are apparently the best way to overcome the underestimation of cell proliferation in diffuse gastric carcinomas with a prominent desmoplastic response; the diffuse and intestinal types of gastric carcinoma have proliferation rates within the same range, even when the comparison is restricted to diploid tumours; and, finally, the major pool of proliferating cells resides in the superficial areas of gastric carcinomas, regardless of the histotype, which should be taken into consideration when overall counts are performed, using either immunohistochemical markers in tissue sections or suspensions of nuclei in flow cytometry.
Research Advances of Microencapsulation and Its Prospects in the Petroleum Industry (2017)

Additives in the petroleum industry have helped form an efficient system in the past few decades. Nowadays, the development of oil and gas has been facing more adverse conditions, and smart response microcapsules with the abilities of self-healing, and delayed and targeted release are introduced to eliminate obstacles for further exploration in the petroleum industry. However, limited information is available, only that of field measurement data, and not mechanism theory and structural innovation data. Thus we propose that the basic type, preparation, as well as mechanism of microcapsules partly depend on other mature fields. In this review, we explore the latest advancements in evaluating microcapsules, such as X-ray computed tomography (XCT), simulation, and modeling. Finally, some novel microencapsulated additives with unparalleled advantages, such as flexibility, efficiency, and energy-conservation are described.
The SLC23 family of ascorbate transporters: ensuring that you get and keep your daily dose of vitamin C (2011)

The ascorbate transporters SVCT1 and SVCT2 are crucial for maintaining intracellular ascorbate concentrations in most cell types. Although the two transporter isoforms are highly homologous, they have different physiologic functions. The SVCT1 is located primarily in epithelial cells and has its greatest effect in reabsorbing ascorbate in the renal tubules. The SVCT2 is located in most non-epithelial tissues, with the highest expression in brain and neuroendocrine tissues. These transporters are hydrophobic membrane proteins that have a high affinity and are highly selective for ascorbate. Their ability to concentrate ascorbate inside cells is driven by the sodium gradient across the plasma membrane as generated by Na+/K+ ATPase. They can concentrate ascorbate 20 to 60-fold over plasma ascorbate concentrations. Ascorbate transport on these proteins is regulated at the transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. Available studies show that transporter function is acutely regulated by protein kinases A and C, whereas transporter expression is increased by low intracellular ascorbate and associated oxidative stress. The knockout of the SVCT2 in mice is lethal on day 1 of life, and almost half of SVCT1 knockout mice do not survive to weaning. These findings confirm the importance both of cellular ascorbate and of the two transport proteins as key to maintaining intracellular ascorbate. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Transporters. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2011.164.issue-7.
Happy New Year! (2010)

I hope your Christmas and New Year break, however short, has been a little more restful than mine! As you know, in November I started my new job as the RCN's HCA Adviser. In December we moved house and so I am now based in the RCN's West Midlands office.
Communication-induced determination of consistent snapshots (1999)

A classical way to determine consistent snapshots consists in using Chandy-Lamport's algorithm. This algorithm relies on specific control messages that allow processes to synchronize local checkpoint determination and message recording in order for the resulting snapshot to be consistent. This paper investigates a communication-induced approach to determine consistent snapshots. In such an approach, control information is carried out by application messages. Two abstract necessary and sufficient conditions are stated: one associated with global checkpoint consistency, the other associated with message recording. A general protocol is derived from these abstract conditions. Actually, this general protocol can be instantiated in distinct ways, giving rise to a family of communication-induced snapshot protocols. This general protocol shows there is an intrinsic trade-off between the number of forced checkpoints and the number of recorded messages. Finally, a particular instantiation of the general protocol is provided.
Alignment tools for parallel treebanks (2007)

This paper reports about our efforts in creating a tri-lingual parallel treebank. The focal points are consistency checking and all aspects of sub-sentential alignment. We discuss the alignment guidelines, the importance of quality checks, and special alignment problems. Then we look at alignment algorithms and alignment visualization tools and we compare our own TreeAligner with other alignment tools. \nOur constituent structure treebanks contain just over 1,000 sentences and around 18,000 tokens in each language.
Antegrade selective catheterization of the superficial femoral artery using a movable-core guide wire. (1985)

A simplified method of selective antegrade catheterization of the superficial femoral artery using a movable-core guide wire is described. This technique obviates the need for multiple catheter and guide wire manipulations and exchanges when preferential passage of the guide wire into the profunda femoral artery occurs following antegrade common femoral artery puncture.
Transfusion Medicine — Blood Transfusion (1999)

Blood transfusion and blood conservation (techniques or strategies to avoid the need for blood) are complementary activities that constitute the clinical arena of transfusion medicine. Recent improvements in the safety of the blood supply and the increasing costs associated with transfusion therapies have led to a reevaluation of the clinical practices of blood transfusion and blood conservation. Among the issues that have been reevaluated are the threshold for transfusion at which the benefits outweigh the risks and the identification of patients most likely to benefit from blood conservation. This review summarizes recent developments in transfusion medicine that have affected the . . .
Stable isotope geochemistry of aeolian sediment at Owens Lake, California (2003)

The purpose of this study is to describe the occurrence of evaporitic dust produced on Owens (dry) Lake and transported by aeolian processes varying in stable isotope (carbon and oxygen) values by height and date above the lake bed surface. The samples analyzed in this study were collected at heights of 10, 20, 50, 60, and 100 cm above the playa lake surface during three storm events in March 1993. The dust was collected in dust tiaps along a 1.2 km transect on the lake floor. Carbonate dust samples were found to be more enriched in '^C and '^O isotopes and more tightly grouped with each successive storm. This study addresses this geochemical observation and possible explanations. Wide stable isotope variation within the same source evaporite minerals does not seem to be a normal occurrence. The minerals were not altered between storms and no new mineral formation was observed. The evaporitic mineral component of Owens (dry) Lake is produced primarily from brine evaporation and the dissolution and concentration of salts by rain and snow. These samples were collected during the early spring, when no precipitation occurred and conditions are not conducive to evaporation. The reason for isotopic variation is not clear, but this seems to be caused by mineral morphology and aeolian processes, preferential enrichment of heavy isotopes in the evaporation process or in the formation of minerals and/or both and or a combination of all three.