gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase II/III clinical trial with VEGFR2-epitope peptide and gemcitabine for patients with locally advanced, metastatic, or unresectable pancreatic cancer: Pegasus-PC study. (2013)

223 Background: Gemcitabine is a key drug for treating pancreatic cancer; however, with the limitation in clinical benefits, the development of another potent therapeutic was strongly called for. VEGF-receptor 2 (VEGFR2: Flk-1 and KDR) is an essential target for tumor angiogenesis, and we have executed a phase I clinical trial using gemcitabine and VEGFR2-peptide (Cancer Sci 2010). Based on promising phase I trial results, a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase II/III clinical trial has been conducted (UMIN000001664). Methods: The eligibility criteria are: locally advanced, metastatic, or unresectable pancreatic cancer. Patients were allocated to either VEGFR2 peptide (OTS102) + gemcitabine group or placebo + gemcitabine in 2:1 ratio by dynamic allocation method. The primary endpoint was overall survival. The Harrington-Fleming test, with the weight proportional to cumulative death probability, was used for the statistical analysis under the time-lagged effect of immunotherapy. Sample size was estimated presuming the effects will be observed from the time point of 50% cumulative survival rate. Assuming a type I error alpha (two-sided) level of 5% and a power of 80% or more for 50%-60% reduction of hazard, sample size necessary was estimated as 100 patients for the active group and 50 patients for the placebo group. Results: No statistically significant survival time prolongation was observed in OTS102 add-on group (p = 0.92). However, the three-month landmark analysis revealed significant interaction between the treatment and reports of indurations or ulcerations (p = 0.005) in add-on group, and if patients survived for over three months, grade 1-2 patients had better survival than grade 0 (1-year survival: 47%(23/49) and 22%(9/44), respectively) in add-on group. Conclusions: Despite the lack of survival time prolongation by OTS102 add-on to gemcitabine therapy, patients experienced injection site indurations or ulcerations may have better survival, suggesting new prognostic factors for VEGFR2-epitope peptide. Our results indicate the possibility of epitope peptide used in cocktail therapies. Clinical trial information: UMIN000001664.
Succinct Data Structures for Retrieval and Approximate Membership (2008)

The retrieval problem is the problem of associating data with keys in a set. Formally, the data structure must store a function f: U ->{0,1}^r that has specified values on the elements of a given set S, a subset of U, |S|=n, but may have any value on elements outside S. Minimal perfect hashing makes it possible to avoid storing the set S, but this induces a space overhead of Theta(n) bits in addition to the nr bits needed for function values. In this paper we show how to eliminate this overhead. Moreover, we show that for any k query time O(k) can be achieved using space that is within a factor 1+e^{-k} of optimal, asymptotically for large n. If we allow logarithmic evaluation time, the additive overhead can be reduced to O(log log n) bits whp. The time to construct the data structure is O(n), expected. A main technical ingredient is to utilize existing tight bounds on the probability of almost square random matrices with rows of low weight to have full row rank. In addition to direct constructions, we point out a close connection between retrieval structures and hash tables where keys are stored in an array and some kind of probing scheme is used. Further, we propose a general reduction that transfers the results on retrieval into analogous results on approximate membership, a problem traditionally addressed using Bloom filters. Again, we show how to eliminate the space overhead present in previously known methods, and get arbitrarily close to the lower bound. The evaluation procedures of our data structures are extremely simple (similar to a Bloom filter). For the results stated above we assume free access to fully random hash functions. However, we show how to justify this assumption using extra space o(n) to simulate full randomness on a RAM.
Dihydrogen to Dihydride Isomerization Mechanism in [(C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>5</sub>)FeH<sub>2</sub>(Ph<sub>2</sub>PCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>PPh<sub>2</sub>)]<sup>+</sup> through the Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Kinetic Isotope Effects (2006)

The isomerization of complex [Cp*Fe(dppe)(eta2-H2)]+, generated in situ by low-temperature protonation of Cp*Fe(dppe)H with either HBF4 or CF3COOH, to the dihydride tautomer trans-[Cp*Fe(dppe)(H)2]+ is irreversible and follows first-order kinetics in the -10 to +15 degrees C range with Delta H double dagger = 21.6 +/- 0.8 kcal mol(-1) and DeltaS double dagger = 5 +/- 3 eu. The isomerization rate constant is essentially independent of the nature and quantity of a strong acid. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on various models, including the complete system at both the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) and full QM levels, probe the relative importance of steric and electronic effects for the relative stability of the nonclassical and classical isomers and identify two likely isomerization mechanisms: a "direct" pathway involving simultaneous H-H bond breaking and cis-trans isomerization and a "via Cp" pathway involving agostic C5Me5H intermediates. Both pathways are characterized by activation energies in close correspondence with the experimental value (21.3 and 22.2 kcal mol(-1), respectively). Further kinetic studies were carried out for the Cp*Fe(dppe)H + CF3COOD and Cp*Fe(dppe)D + CF3COOD systems at 273 K. The [Cp*Fe(dppe)(eta2-HD)]+ complex establishes a very rapid isotope redistribution equilibrium with the eta2-H2 and eta2-D2 analogues. The equilibrium constant value (K = 3.3 +/- 0.3) indicates a significant equilibrium isotope effect. Simulation of the rate data provides access to the individual isomerization rate constants kHH, kHD, and kDD for the three isotopomers, yielding kinetic isotope effects: kHH/kHD = 1.24 +/- 0.01 and kHD/kDD = 1.58 +/- 0.01 (and, consequently, kHH/kDD = 1.96 +/- 0.02). The analysis of the DFT-calculated frequencies, using the [Cp*Fe(dhpe)H2]+ model system, for the [Cp*Fe(dhpe)(eta2-XY)]+ isotopomers as well as transition states for the "direct" (TSdir) and "via Cp" (TSrot) pathways (X = H, D) allowed the computation of the expected isotope effects. A comparison with the experiment strongly suggests that the mechanism occurs via the "direct" pathway for the present system, although the small difference in the calculated energy barriers suggests that the "via Cp" pathway may be preferred in other cases.
Description of an Apparatus Allowing Mechanical Tests under Hydrostatic Pressure up to 15 Kilobars (1970)

An apparatus allowing deformation experiments under hydrostatic pressure up to 15 kilobars is described. The pressure environment is a gas. The load measurement is performed under pressure and the load vs elongation curve is directly recorded during the test.
Freeze-dried forms made from wheat glutenin- and gliadin-rich fractions (2011)

This thesis presents wheat gluten foams as an alternative to the available commercialfoams. Polymeric foams, like all plastics, are mostly made from petroleum, and this isaffecting the environment negatively with the emission of greenhouse gases and generation oflandfills. During the past decades, there has been a drive to replace petroleum-based plasticswith alternatives made from renewable resources. Wheat gluten has interesting and promisingproperties as an alternative resource. As a large by-product in Europe from the biofuelindustry it is largely available and at a low price.In order to develop an insulation material based on this renewable resource, foammaterials have been made by freeze-drying frozen mixtures consisting of either acommercially available wheat gluten powder or various protein rich fractions of gliadins orglutenins extracted from the commercial powder. Some of the foams were further modifiedwith the addition of glycerol as plasticizer or bacterial cellulose as a reinforcing fiber. Theresulting cellular structure was shown to depend on the initial gluten concentration, and thefraction and type of additive used. The wheat gluten foam materials contained mainly an openpore structure with average pore diameters ranging from 20 to 70 μm.The addition of glycerol and/or bacterial cellulose changed the foam structure, theprotein structure and the mechanical properties. The addition of 20 wt.% glycerol wassufficient to plasticize the foam and to achieve a low modulus and a high strain recovery, butwith glycerol the average pores size increased due to the difference in freezing conditions.The bacterial cellulose gave a small and insignificant increase in stiffness and also a moreuniform cell structure. In addition, the glycerol-containing samples had a more polymerizedprotein structure, whereas the foams containing fibers had a lower degree of polymerization.Foams made from a glutenin rich fraction were much stiffer and stronger than gliadinrich foams. The glutenin rich foams had a higher degree of polymerization than the latter,foam the relatively mild heat treatment.The gluten foams were promising as insulation materials. The thermal conductivityvalues were 0.04-0.05 (W/m⋅°C), and were close to that of commercially available closed cellpolystyrene and polyurethane foams, that both have values at ca. 0.03 (W/m⋅°C).The wheat gluten foams showed also promising combustion properties with longignition times, no material dripping and a large content of residual char. The glycerolcontainingfoam however, exhibited a more rigorous bubbling and a larger flame.
Separately Reconstructing Dielectric and Electrical Conductivity for GPR Measurements (2002)

PreviousNext No AccessSymposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2002Separately Reconstructing Dielectric and Electrical Conductivity for GPR MeasurementsAuthors: Alan WittenYan ChenAlan WittenSchool of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK and Yan ChenSchool of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OKhttps://doi.org/10.4133/1.2927114 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract Introductory paragraph for this paper is available only in the PDF and GZipped PS filesPermalink: https://doi.org/10.4133/1.2927114FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2002ISSN (online):1554-8015Copyright: 2002 Pages: publication data© 2002 Copyright © 2002 The Environmental and Engineering Geophysical SocietyPublisher:Environmental & Engineering Geophysical Society HistoryPublished: 30 Sep 2008 CITATION INFORMATION Alan Witten and Yan Chen, (2002), "Separately Reconstructing Dielectric and Electrical Conductivity for GPR Measurements," Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems Proceedings : GPR2-GPR2. https://doi.org/10.4133/1.2927114 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
A Validation Trial of Subdermal Injection Compared with Intraparenchymal Injection for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer (2002)

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is increasingly being used as an accurate and less morbid surrogate for axillary dissection. However, a standardized technique in the biopsy of SLNs is not used. Some authors propose subdermal injection to be as accurate as peritumoral intraparenchymal injection (IPI). Our objective is to determine whether the SLNs identified by subdermal injection truly represent SLNs and match those found with IPI. Specific end points of the study were 1) successful localization of the SLN by the IPI of isosulfan blue or the radiocolloid intradermal injection, 2) successful uptake of radiocolloid and isosulfan blue on individual SLN, and 3) determination of the frequency with which the radiocolloid injection detected the "gold standard" blue SLN. SLNs were found in 71 of 73 cases (success rate = 97%). Blue SLNs were identified in 64 patients (88%). SLNs in 61 patients (84%) were radioactive. A total of 112 SLNs were identified in 71 patients (1.6 nodes/patient). Seventy-six of 87 SLNs found with IPI were also radioactive (concordance of 87%). All SLNs harboring metastatic cancer (16 patients) were found by both techniques, being both blue and radioactive. Our results support the concept of shared lymphatic pathways in the breast with a high degree of communication between the subdermal lymphatics and the intraparenchymal lymphatics. The success in identification of the SLN is made simpler and improved by the addition of subdermal radiocolloid injection.
Cardiac Muscle Changes in Senescence (1987)

The biophysical and biochemical mechanisms that govern cardiac muscle function change with age resulting in characteristic alterations in muscle function (22). This chapter reviews our present understanding of how the excitation, activation, and contraction mechanisms in cardiac muscle change with senescence. Many of the studies discussed here measured cardiac muscle function in thin trabeculae or papillary muscles that had been removed from the heart and superfused in physiologic saline. In these preparations the cardiac systole is simulated as a twitch or contraction elicited by an action potential that occurs in response to external electrical stimulation. A brief summary of the mechanisms that underlie the coupling of cardiac excitation, activation, and contraction is useful for an integrated interpretation of studies that have examined the impact of age on these mechanisms.
Passive mechanical properties of large intestine under <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> compression (2006)

This paper presents experimental data obtained from both in vivo and in vitro compression of the large intestine of goat. In vivo experimental data were obtained from compression tests on the large intestine of an anesthetized goat using force-displacement acquisition equipment. In vitro experimental data were also obtained from tissue excised after the in vivo experiments, and two types of data were then compared. The results demonstrated that the stress values had a strong dependence on the compressive rate in the in vivo experiments, although such effect was not distinct in the in vitro experiments. Additionally, at a lower compression rate, the intestinal tissues were found to be stiffer in the in vitro experiments than in the in vivo ones. This paper is a preliminary report on the mechanical properties of the large intestine based on in vivo and in vitro experimental data.
Growth of a well oriented layer of p-nitroaniline on the (100) plane of a p-cyanoaniline single crystal, studied by polarized absorption and second-harmonic generation (1994)

It has been observed that a well oriented film, of thickness 20 to 1000 nm, grows when p-nitroaniline is deposited, by vacuum sublimation, onto a (100) cleaved face of a single crystal of p-cyanoaniline. The orientation of the deposited molecules was studied with polarized absorption and optical second-harmonic generation. It is concluded that p-nitroaniline molecules are stacked with their molecular plane parallel to the surface. The high orientational order in the deposited layer is quite insensitive to the substrate temperature during the deposition between 200 and 300 K.
Essays in contemporary chemistry : from molecular structure towards biology (2001)

Prologue: The Gold--Mine Parable (Albert Eschenmoser). Looking Backwards, Glancing Sideways: Half a Century of Chemical Crystallography (Jack D. Dunitz). NMR Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Determination of Structure and Dynamics of Molecules (Christian Griesinger). New Methods in Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Structure and Function Determination in Biological Systems (Thomas F. Prisner). Reactivity Concepts for Oxidation Catalysis: Spin and Stoichiometry Problems in Dioxygen Activation (Detlef Schroder & Helmut Schwarz). Femtosecond Activation of Reactions: The Concepts of Nonergodicon Behavior and Reduced--Space Dynamics (Klaus B. Moller & Ahmed H. Zewail). Photochemistry Meets Natural--Product Synthesis (Gerhard Quinkert & Knut Eis). TADDOL and Its Derivatives -- Our Dream of Universal Chiral Auxiliaries (Dieter Seebach, et al.). Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry and Virtual Combinatorial Libraries (Jean--Marie Lehn). The Importance of beta--Alanine for Recognition of the Minor Groove of DNA (Peter B. Dervan & Adam R. Urbach). Generating New Molecular Function: A Lesson from Nature (David R. Liu & Peter G. Schultz). Ethical Limits to 'Molecular Medicine' (Ernst--Ludwig Winnacker). Epilogue: Synthesis of the Coenzyme B 12 : A Vehicle for the Teaching of Organic Synthesis (Albert Eschenmoser).
Mittlere Ringe, XVI. Eigenschaften und Konfiguration der 1.4‐Benz‐lactame (1960)

Abstract Aluminiumbromid ist dem Aluminiumchlorid als Kondensationsmittel bei der innermolekularen Friedel‐Crafts‐Acylierung von ω‐Phenyl‐fettsäurechloriden zu 1.2.3.4‐Benzo‐cycladien‐(1.3)‐onen‐(5) (I, n = 13–20) überlegen. – Durch Beckmann‐Umlagerung mit Benzolsulfochlorid und Pyridin werden aus den Oximen der Ringketone I die 1.4‐Benz‐lactame IV, n = 15–21 erhalten. Aus den UV‐ und IR‐Absorptionsspektren geht hervor, daß IV, n = 15–17 in festem Zustand (IV, n = 15–18 in Lösung) in der cis ‐Amidkonfiguration vorliegen und daß ihre Acylanilid‐Mesomerie durch „mittlere Ring‐Effekte”︁ in unterschiedlichem Maße gestört ist. Ab IV, n = 18 (resp. n = 19) ist die Amidgruppe trans ‐konfiguriert und weitgehend coplanar mit dem Benzolkern. Kinetische Messungen der Bromsubstitution der 1.4‐Benz‐lactame, die Basizitätskonstanten sowie die Umlagerungsgeschwindigkeiten der N ‐Nitroso‐1.4‐benz‐lactame werden diskutiert.
Women and contemporary Scottish politics : an anthology (2001)

Women have an unprecedented voice and place in the politics of the new Scotland. It has joined world leaders such as Sweden and Norway in terms of gender balance with women taking 37% of the seats in the new Scottish Parliament. 'Ordinary' women also have a greater say in the governance of Scotland through the Parliament's 'power sharing' model.Women and Contemporary Scottish Politics seeks to trace the move towards this state over the past decade. It collects the key journal and newspaper articles, research papers, policy documents and accounts of women and Scottish politics. Divided into three parts, coverage begins with The Women's Movement in Scotland, moves on to cover Feminist Politics and Local Government, and concludes with Women and the Campaign for the Scottish Parliament.The Anthology includes key pieces from writers such as Alice Brown, Aileen Christianson, Katie Cosgrove, Sue Innes, Isobel Lindsay, Ronnie MacDonald, and Tom Nairn. In addition, biographies of the 48 women who were elected as MSPs in 1999 are included, as well as information on the 12 women currently serving as MPs for Scottish constituencies at Westminster and the two female MEPs who represent Scotland.This is an important and timely publication, including much material that is otherwise unavailable, making it an invaluable source book for anyone with an interest in this area
Influencia de la irrigación en la calidad de vida del paciente colostomizado Title: Colon irrigation and quality of life in patients with colostomy (2004)

Resumen: Para un paciente colostomizado, la contención fecal es uno de los principales problemas a los que se enfrenta después de la intervención quirúrgica. Por la misma sufrirá una serie de cambios no solo de su imagen corporal sino también higiénicos, dietéticos, sociales etc. Como enfermeros debemos saber detectar las necesidades de estos pacientes, para poder prestar así unos cuidados adecuados que les permitan vivir de la forma más óptima posible. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar si la técnica de irrigación como método de continencia fecal supone una mejora de la calidad de vida de los pacientes colostomizados. Metodología: A través de un estudio Pretest-postest sin grupo control se pretende evaluar la mejora en la calidad de vida que se obtiene utilizando la técnica de irrigación. Para ello al paciente colostomizado se le enseña la técnica de irrigación, valorando la calidad de vida antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: El índice de calidad de vida antes de la intervención es del 54,2%, alcanzando un 77,3% (diferencias estadísticamente significativas) después de 2 meses de uso de la técnica de irrigación. Conclusiones: La técnica de irrigación supone una mejora significativa de la calidad de vida de las personas con colostomía en las ocho dimensiones valoradas en el estudio: Bienestar psicológico, bienestar físico, imagen corporal, dolor, actividad sexual, nutrición, preocupaciones sociales y manejo de dispositivos. Abstract: One of the most important problems that a patient with a colostomy has to face after surgery is the intestinal continence. This lead these patients to experience not only a series of physical changes but also hygienic, dietetic, social, etc. As nurses, we must learn how to detect the needs of these patients in order to offer them an appropriate attention to improve their quality of life. Our aim is to assess if the irrigation technique (IT) as a method for intestinal continence improves the quality of life in these patients. Methodology: A Pretest-postest study without control group was carried out in order to evaluate the usefulness of IT to improve the quality of life in patients with colostomy. Following a normalized protocol, the technique was taught to patients whose quality of life was evaluated before and after the application of IT. Results: Quality of life rate before intervention was 54,2% and reached 77,3% (statistically significant) once the patient has used IT for two months. Conclusions: IT is associated with a remarkable improvement in the quality of life of patientes with colostomy. This improvement is reflected in the eight dimensions analysed: psychological welfare, physical welfare, body image, pain, sexual activity, nutrition, social preoccupations and device handling. Centro de Trabajo: Área Sanitaria Norte de Córdoba Fecha del Trabajo: 15/06/2002 Palabra Clave: Calidad de vida, colostomía, técnica de irrigación, enfermería Key Words: Quality of life, colostomy, colon irrigation, Nursing
Endotoxin, epinephrine, glucagon, insulin and calcium ionophore A23187 modulation of pyruvate kinase activity in cultured rat hepatocytes. (1990)

Altered glucose metabolism is one of the commonly observed sequelae of sepsis and septic shock. The present investigation was undertaken to determine the role of endotoxin (ET) upon hepatocyte glucoregulation, by measuring the activity of pyruvate kinase (PK), a key glycolytic enzyme. Hepatocytes were exposed to endotoxin concentrations known to occur in vivo during sepsis, i.e., from 1 X 10(-14) to 1 X 10(-8) g/ml. The alteration of the enzyme activities after addition of epinephrine, glucagon, insulin and calcium ionophore A23187 with and without ET preincubation were also examined. ET alone decreased the PK activity by 12% at all concentrations tested. The basal inhibition of the enzyme caused by epinephrine (-48%) was partially blocked by ET preincubation above 1 X 10(-10) g/ml. There were no ET-(glucagon, calcium ionophore, insulin) interaction. These in vitro results do not support pyruvate kinase as a site of hepatic enzyme regulation defect in endotoxaemia.