gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simple approximation of sigmoidal functions: realistic design of digital neural networks capable of learning (1991)

Two different approaches to nonlinearity simplification in neural nets are presented. Both the solutions are based on approximation of the sigmoidal mapper often used in neural networks (extensions are being considered to allow approximation of a more general class of functions). In particular, a first solution yielding a very simple architecture, but involving discontinuous functions is presented; a second solution, slightly more complex, but based on a continuous function is then presented. This second solution has been successfully used in conjunction with the classical generalized delta rule algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Non-invasive Determination of Recirculation in the Patient on Dialysis (1992)

Recirculation of blood flow occurs when the fistula flow rate is inadequate to support the desired dialyzer blood flow. The percentage recirculation is normally calculated using the blood urea nitrogen of blood samples from the two dialyzer blood lines and a peripheral blood sample. However, this method is time consuming, costly, and may not always give accurate measurements. A technique was developed to measure recirculation using the injection of saline into the venous dialysis line. For this technique, an optical detector is placed across the arterial dialysis tubing, and the light intensity, which is proportional to the hematocrit, is continually measured using a computerized data collection system. After a baseline data collection period, 10 ml of saline is injected into the venous dialysis line using the sampling port. The saline that appears in the arterial dialysis line as a result of recirculation will cause a dilution of the blood and an increase in light intensity. In vitro testing showed an excellent correlation between the area under the dilution curve and percentage recirculation. This technique will provide a quick, inexpensive, and reliable measurement of recirculation.
Solution-Combustion Synthesized Nanocrystalline Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> As High-Rate Performance Li-Ion Battery Anode (2010)

Nanocrystalline Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) crystallizing in cubic spinel-phase has been synthesized by single-step- solution-combustion method in less than one minute. LTO particles thus synthesized are flaky and highly porous in nature with a surface area of 12 m2/g. Transmission electron micrographs indicate the primary particles to be agglomerated crystallites of varying size between 20 and 50 nm with a 3-dimensional interconnected porous network. During their galvanostatic charge-discharge at varying rates, LTO electrodes yield a capacity value close to the theoretical value of 175 mA h/g at C/2 rate. The electrodes also exhibit promising capacity retention with little capacity loss over 100 cycles at varying discharge rates together with attractive discharge-rate capabilities yielding capacity values of 140 mA h/g and 70 mA h/g at 10 and 100 C discharge rates, respectively. The ameliorated electrode-performance is ascribed to nano and highly porous morphology of the electrodes that provide short diffusion-paths for Li in conjunction with electrolyte percolation through the electrode pores ensuring a high flux of Li. © 2010 American Chemical Society.
Monocular multi-human detection using Augmented Histograms of Oriented Gradients (2008)

We introduce an Augmented Histograms of Oriented Gradients (AHOG) feature for human detection from a nonstatic camera. We increase the discriminating power of original Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) feature by adding human shape properties, such as contour distances, symmetry, and gradient density. Based on the biological structure of human shape, we impose the symmetry property on HOG features by computing the similarity between itself and its’ symmetric pair to weight HOG features. After that, the capability of describing human features is much better than the original one, especially when the humans are moving across. We also augment the gradient density into features to mitigate the influences caused by repetitive backgrounds. In the experiments, our method demonstrates most reliable performance at any view of targets.
Rifomycin (1961)

The production of a fraction of the rifomycin complex (rifomycin B) by Streptomyces mediterranei has been described. Both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the fermentation are determined by suitable agitation-aeration parameters. In addition to conventional nutrient ingredients, the presence of some of the barbituric acid derivatives was found to be essential for rifomycin B production. An attempt was made to explain the mode of action of these compounds.
The early effects of a single application of acetone and various doses of 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene on CD-1 and hairless mouse epidermis. A cell kinetic study of so-called initiation and complete carcinogenesis (initiation plus promotion) in chemical skin tumor induction. (1988)

To study the early kinetic effects of different single doses of 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene (DMBA) on hairless mouse epidermis, about 1,800 female CD-1 mice and 340 hairless mice of both sexes were treated with a topical skin application of acetone alone or with various doses of from 4.3 to 200 micrograms DMBA in 200 microliter reagent grade acetone for the CD-1 mice, and with 0.5, 5 and 50 micrograms DMBA for the hairless mice. Five cell kinetic variables were measured at different times, from 6 h up to 14 days, after the application: cell counts in 40 vision fields of basal and suprabasal cells, [3H]TdR-labeling indices, DNA-specific radioactivity, and mean grain count after flash labeling with [3H]TdR, fractions of cells in S and G2 by flow cytometry, and the mitotic rate with the Colcemid method. The idea was to see whether there are significant (qualitative, or clearly stepwise) differences between small (allegedly) only initiating single doses of DMBA and larger, completely carcinogenic (and hence allegedly also promoting) doses of the same carcinogen. Higher doses of DMBA (25.6-200 micrograms) led, as expected, to an initial reduction in both DNA synthesis and mitotic activity. The reduction in DNA synthesis seemed more to be due to a low rate of cellular DNA synthesis than to a block at the entrance of cells into the S phase. The decreases lasted for about 3-5 days, and was followed by a period of increased rate of cell proliferation. The number of suprabasal cells (after a very short initial peak after 51.2 micrograms DMBA) was then reduced, probably due to toxic cell death. Subsequently a pronounced hyperplasia developed, which was dose-dependent as regards both size and time pattern. At medium doses, 8.5-12.8 micrograms DMBA, the pattern of reaction changed gradually. The reduction in DNA synthesis and mitotic activity was less pronounced and lasted somewhat shorter, and the ensuing hyperplasia was more moderate. After the lowest doses, 4.3 and 6.4 micrograms DMBA, an initial, short-lasting decrease in the mitotic rate only was observed, but an initial inhibition of DNA synthesis could not be observed in the CD-1 mice. Instead, an early, moderate increase in overall cellular DNA synthesis and in the fraction of G2 cells was observed, concomitant with an almost immediate increase in the number of suprabasal cells. Hence, after these small doses a primary moderate increase in the number of suprabasal cells developed, remaining for at least 10 days. After a temporary reduction the MR increased to normal or slightly above.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Re: Helicobacter pylori and Atrophic Gastritis: Importance of the cagA Status (1996)

Epidemiologic, biological, and clinical evidence have emerged to suggest that the etiology of both epithelial and nonepithelial gastric tumors involves infectious agents (7,2). Kuipers et al. (3) have recently added interesting data to support this hypothesis; in particular, they have stressed the possible relevance of the Helicobacter pylori cag-A-positive strains in the etiology of the subset of mucosal lesions most closely related to gastric carcinogenesis (4). These data expand on their previous observations and appear to be particularly relevant to the selection of patients with the highest risk of gastric cancer. Assuming that the described association is real, such patients deserve particular effort to eradicate cag-A-positive H. pylori infections.
Morphometric analysis of human sperm morphology (1994)

Summary Fourteen morphological forms of human spermatozoa were analysed morphometrically using semi‐automated image analysis techniques. Five basic (area, perimeter, length, width and mass) and five derived (ratio, length minus width, ellipticity, form and total mass) parameters were considered. Statistical analysis showed differences among all 14 types of human sperm heads. Basic parameters describing the size and shape were enough to distinguish most of the categories, whereas derived parameters as well as parameters dependent on stain intensity, were demonstrated to be useful for the discrimination of some morphological categories. The fact that statistical analysis showed differences among all 14 sperm types provides evidence for the reliability of our morphological classification. These results show that morphometry can be used for the fine study of sperm morphology and may serve as a database for future work dealing with sperm classification. As this is a pilot study to assess methodology, further studies will be required to validate the method in terms of its application and usefulness in assessing the fertilizing potential of human spermatozoa.
Melanoma Brain Metastases: Local Therapies, Targeted Therapies, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Their Combinations—Chances and Challenges (2018)

Recent phase II trials have shown that BRAF/MEK inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors are active in patients with melanoma brain metastases (MBM), reporting intracranial disease control rates of 50-75%. Furthermore, retrospective analyses suggest that combining stereotactic radiosurgery with immune checkpoint inhibitors or BRAF/MEK inhibitors prolongs overall survival. These data stress the need for inter- and multidisciplinary cooperation that takes into account the individual prognostic factors in order to establish the best treatment for each patient. Although the management of MBM has dramatically improved, a substantial number of patients still progress and die from brain metastases. Therefore, there is an urgent need for prospective studies in patients with MBM that focus on treatment combinations and sequences, new treatment strategies, and biomarkers of treatment response. Moreover, further research is needed to decipher brain-specific mechanisms of therapy resistance.
The Case for Truck-Only Toll Lanes (2007)

Truck traffic will grow faster than other traffic during the next 20 years, raising the need for added highway capacity. Current fuel taxes provide barely enough funding to maintain existing highways. Thus, there is growing interest in using toll finance to develop truck-only toll (TOT) lanes, generally added to existing limited-access roadways that are key trucking routes. Urban TOT lanes would provide congestion relief and better access to and from key ports and airports, whereas long-distance TOT lanes would permit longer combination vehicles that are not allowed on most interstate highways. Increased speed, reliability, and payload are reasons for trucking firms and shippers to pay tolls for superior performance. Tolls may do a better job than increased diesel fuel taxes of targeting investment to new capacity for goods movement. There are signs that the trucking industry is interested in TOT lanes, and federal and state policy is becoming more favorable.
Sawfish: Ancient predators in need of modern conservation tools (2015)

Conservation geneticist Nicole Phillips and zoologist Barbara Wueringer reveal how vital northern Australia is to the future of sawfish.
Learning to Hash for Indexing Big Data - A Survey (2015)

The explosive growth in big data has attracted much attention in designing efficient indexing and search methods recently. In many critical applications such as large-scale search and pattern matching, finding the nearest neighbors to a query is a fundamental research problem. However, the straightforward solution using exhaustive comparison is infeasible due to the prohibitive computational complexity and memory requirement. In response, Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) search based on hashing techniques has become popular due to its promising performance in both efficiency and accuracy. Prior randomized hashing methods, e.g., Locality-Sensitive Hashing (LSH), explore data-independent hash functions with random projections or permutations. Although having elegant theoretic guarantees on the search quality in certain metric spaces, performance of randomized hashing has been shown insufficient in many real-world applications. As a remedy, new approaches incorporating data-driven learning methods in development of advanced hash functions have emerged. Such learning to hash methods exploit information such as data distributions or class labels when optimizing the hash codes or functions. Importantly, the learned hash codes are able to preserve the proximity of neighboring data in the original feature spaces in the hash code spaces. The goal of this paper is to provide readers with systematic understanding of insights, pros and cons of the emerging techniques. We provide a comprehensive survey of the learning to hash framework and representative techniques of various types, including unsupervised, semi-supervised, and supervised. In addition, we also summarize recent hashing approaches utilizing the deep learning models. Finally, we discuss the future direction and trends of research in this area.
Accommodation of an Endocapsular Silicone Lens (Phaco-Ersatz) in the Aging Rhesus Monkey (1994)

These findings support recent reports that presbyopia is primarily a consequence of lenticular aging rather than ciliary muscle factors. A pliable injected lens may therefore have the potential to restore accommodation in the senile primate eye.
Reduction of Stress Concentration in Bolt-Nut Connectors (2005)

Bolt-nut connectors play an important role in the safety and reliability of structural systems. Stress concentration due to unequal load distribution can cause fatigue failure in bolt-nut connectors. In this paper, the stress distribution in bolt-nut connectors is studied using an axisymmetric finite element model. Various geometric designs proposed in the literature were studied to determine the extent to which they reduce stress concentrations. Some well known modifications do significantly reduce the stress concentration factor (up to 85%) while other changes produce much more modest changes. The design modifications include things such as grooves and steps on the bolt and nut, and reducing the shank diameter of the bolt. All of the changes also result in a reduction in weight.
A lightweight, message-oriented application server for the WWW (2000)

Article A lightweight, message-oriented application server for the WWW Share on Authors: Ralf-Dieter Schimkat Wilhelm-Schickard Institute for Computer Science, Sand 13, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany Wilhelm-Schickard Institute for Computer Science, Sand 13, D-72076 Tübingen, GermanyView Profile , Stefan Müller Wilhelm-Schickard Institute for Computer Science, Sand 13, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany Wilhelm-Schickard Institute for Computer Science, Sand 13, D-72076 Tübingen, GermanyView Profile , Wolfgang Küchlin Wilhelm-Schickard Institute for Computer Science, Sand 13, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany Wilhelm-Schickard Institute for Computer Science, Sand 13, D-72076 Tübingen, GermanyView Profile Authors Info & Claims SAC '00: Proceedings of the 2000 ACM symposium on Applied computing - Volume 2March 2000 Pages 934–941https://doi.org/10.1145/338407.338694Published:01 March 2000 7citation359DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations7Total Downloads359Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Why software fails [software failure (2005)

Most IT experts agree that software failures occur far more often than they should despite the fact that, for the most part, they are predictable and avoidable. It is unfortunate that most organizations don't see preventing failure as an urgent matter, even though that view risks harming the organization and maybe even destroying it. Because software failure has tremendous implications for business and society, it is important to understand why this attitude persists.
A Comparison of Propylene Oxide vs. Ethylene Oxide-Based Aromatic Polyester Polyols; Performance Evaluation in Rigid Foam (1985)

Amelioration de la compatibilite avec les hydrocarbures fluores de polyester de recuperation d'industrie petrochimique par hydroxypropylation. Preparation de polyisocyanurate a partir de ces polyols
INTER‐BOREHOLE ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS AND THEIR USE IN ENGINEERING GEOLOGY* (1975)

A bstract Well–to‐well seismic measurements are adapted to civil engineering problems by use of a sparker as a source of seismic signals and an 80 kHz hydrophone as a receiver. For display a Tektronix 549 oscilloscope is used. Field application shows that the delineation of interfaces between homogeneous strata and the detection and delineation of localized and irregular features is possible from inter‐well travel times. In‐situ measurement of the compressional wave velocity in a medium is often complicated by refraction and wave guide effects. The degree of fracturing cannot be estimated from travel time measurements alone in a tightly jointed, saturated, rock mass, but it may be possible to correlate variations in pulse shape and length with this parameter.
Development of Cotton Fruit. III. Amino Acid Accumulation in Protein and Nonprotein Nitrogen Fractions of Cottonseed<sup>1</sup> (1976)

This study was conducted to determine the metabolic events occurring during cottonseed development as revealed by N and amino acid compositions of both the whole seed and the free amino acid pool. Flowers on field grown cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants were tagged the day of anthesis, and bolls were sampled at intervals between 10 days after bloom and maturity. Developing seed were analyzed for both total N and nonprotein N (NPN). While total N was accumulated by the seed throughout development, NPN increased until 21 days after anthesis and then declined. At boll opening, only about 1% of the total N was in the NPN fraction. Amino acid compositions of the seed and the NPN fraction were also determined. In juvenile seed tissue, over 50% of the NPN was accounted for by asparagine. Other amino acids prominent in this free amino acid pool of young cottonseed were, in descending order, glutamine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and arginine. At maturity, asparagine and glutamic acid each accounted for about 15% of the NPN. Gamma‐amino butyric acid and ethanolamine were also observed in the NPN fraction. Significant shifts in total amino acid distribution were seen to occur during the fourth week of seed development. The amino acid profile of cottonseed after the fifth week of development closely approximated that of mature seed.
Current approaches to HIV vaccine development: a narrative review (2021)

HIV vaccine developers have applied lessons learnt from previous successes and failures to innovative vaccine design approaches. These strategies have yielded novel mosaic antigen constructs now in efficacy testing, produced a diverse pipeline of early-stage immunogens and novel adjuvants, and advanced the field towards a globally effective HIV vaccine.
Mechanical properties of cfrp anchorages (2005)

Due to inadequate lateral stiffness, many reinforced concrete buildings are highly damaged or collapsed in Turkey after the major earthquake. To improve the behavior of such buildings and to prevent them from collapse, repair and/or strengthening of some reinforced concrete elements is required. One of the strengthening techniques is the use of CFRP sheets on the existing hollow brick masonry infill. While using the CFRP sheets their attachment to both structural and non-structural members are provided by CFRP anchor dowels. In this study, by means of the prepared test setup, the pull-out strength capacities of CFRP anchor dowels are measured. The effects of concrete compressive strength, anchorage depth, anchorage diameter, and number of fibers on the tensile strength capacity of CFRP anchor dowel are studied.
Fertilizability of Ova Ovulated and Recovered from Rabbit Ovaries Perfused in Vitro (1981)

Ovaries removed from New Zealand White rabbits were perfused and exposed to gonadotropin in vitro. The ova ovulated in vitro ( N = 56) were recovered and cultured and then transferred to the oviducts of six previously mated Dutch Belted hosts. Twelve of the resulting 36 offspring (33.3 percent) were white. In control matings between 12 Dutch Belted females (six randomly selected and the six hosts) and New Zealand White males, only one of 80 (1.2 percent) offspring was white. These data indicate that ova ovulated in vitro can be transferred to the oviduct of a host rabbit where they may be fertilized and after implantation may develop into viable embryos.
Europe and the Common (2009)

Significant attention has been given to the necessary conditions for a viable and legitimate European polity. Drawing on traditions in political philosophy, a central strand of this debate has concerned what must be common to a set of people such that they may be ruled through the same institutions, with various types of collective bond proposed as possible bases for political community. The argument of this article is that many such approaches, which conceive a bond in terms of shared interests, cultural attributes or shared values and principles, are liable either to underplay or to overplay how much the citizens of a polity must have in common, tending either to empty public life of the pursuit of shared ends or conversely to downgrade the importance of adversarialism. Both may be seen as depoliticising moves. The article goes on to explore how a more explicitly political bond, based on the appraisal of political problems, might be conceived for a European polity.
Microglial cell activation following retinal detachment: a comparison between species. (2005)

The robust microglial response to retinal detachment is an indicator of the importance of this cell type in the overall response of the retina. Our data suggest that the feline retina is a particularly appropriate model system for understanding this response in humans. Inhibiting the microglial response in that species should help us understand more precisely its potential role in photoreceptor survival in human pathology.
A Decade's Experience With Temporary Intravascular Shunts at a Civilian Level I Trauma Center (2008)

TIVS have a shunt thrombosis rate of 5%, amputation rate of 18%, overall survival of 88%, and combination limb/patient survival rate of 73%. TIVS have an established role primarily in patients requiring either "damage control" for exsanguination or temporary vascular conduits during stabilization of Gustilo IIIc fractures. Truncal injuries are associated with the highest mortality likely due to accompanying multisystem trauma.