gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-term prevention of chronic allograft rejection by regulatory T-cell immunotherapy involves host Foxp3-expressing T cells (2013)

Despite the use of immunosuppressive drugs, chronic allograft rejection remains a major hurdle in transplantation medicine. Induction of specific immunologic tolerance to antigens expressed by the graft would avoid its eventual functional loss and the severe side effects of paralyzing the immune system. We previously showed that donor-specific regulatory T-lymphocytes prevent rejection of fully allogeneic bone marrow (BM) grafts in mice. Thus generated hematopoietic chimeras then accepted skin and heart allografts of the same donor. We noticed that injected regulatory T-cells (Tregs) disappeared with time and investigated the mechanisms involved in the nevertheless long-term persistence of allograft tolerance. Using Tregs that can be depleted in vivo with diphtheria toxin, we show that injected cells are required for induction but not for maintenance of tolerance to BM allografts. We observed progressive deletion of donor-specific T-lymphocytes, accounting at least in part for maintenance of tolerance. Toxin-induced depletion of administered as well as host Tregs did not affect hematopoietic chimerism but it led to rapid loss of skin allografts. Therefore, our data show that newly generated host Tregs can prevent chronic allograft rejection. Long-lasting tolerance to allografts is thus achieved.
$\hbox{In}_{0.7}\hbox{Ga}_{0.3}\hbox{As}$ Tunneling Field-Effect Transistors With an $I_{\rm on}$ of 50 $\mu\hbox{A}/\mu\hbox{m}$ and a Subthreshold Swing of 86 mV/dec Using $\hbox{HfO}_{2}$ Gate Oxide (2010)

Vertical In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.7</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.3</sub> As tunneling field-effect transistors are demonstrated with a high on-current of 50 μA / μm (in comparison to reported values) and a minimum subthreshold swing (SS) of 86 mV/dec using atomic-layer-deposited HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gate oxide. The tunneling diodes exhibit the gate-bias-dependent Esaki diode behavior with a negative differential resistance under the forward diode bias at various temperatures, which confirms that the conduction mechanism is, indeed, band-to-band tunneling. The effects of equivalent oxide thickness scaling and various temperatures on the on-current and the SS are also investigated.
Program Developed for CO2 System Calculations (1998)

The program CO2SYS performs calculations relating parameters of the carbon dioxide (CO2) system in seawater and freshwater. The program uses two of the four measurable parameters of the CO2 system [total alkalinity (TA), total inorganic CO2 (TCO2), pH, and either fugacity (fCO2) or partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2)] to calculate the other two parameters at a set of input conditions (temperature and pressure) and a set of output conditions chosen by the user. It replaces and extends the programs CO2SYSTM.EXE, FCO2TCO2.EXE, PHTCO2.EXE, and CO2BTCH.EXE, which were released in May 1995. It may be run in single-input mode or batch-input mode and has a variety of options for the various constants and parameters used. An on-screen information section is available that includes documentation on various topics relevant to the program. This program may be run on any 80 x 86 computer equipped with the DOS operating system by simply typing CO2SYS at the prompt after loading the executable file CO2SYS.EXE.
Foam Properties and Detergent Abilities of the Saponins from Camellia oleifera (2010)

The defatted seed meal of Camellia oleifera has been used as a natural detergent and its extract is commercially utilized as a foam-stabilizing and emulsifying agent. The goal of this study was to investigate the foam properties and detergent ability of the saponins from the defatted seed meal of C. oleifera. The crude saponin content in the defatted seed meal of C. oleifera was 8.34 and the total saponins content in the crude saponins extract was 39.5% (w/w). The foaming power of the 0.5 crude saponins extract solution from defatted seed meal of C. oleifera was 37.1 of 0.5 SLS solution and 51.3% to that of 0.5% Tween 80 solution. The R5 value of 86.0% represents good foam stability of the crude saponins extracted from the defatted seed meal of the plant. With the reduction of water surface tension from 72 mN/m to 50.0 mN/m, the 0.5% crude saponins extract solution has wetting ability. The sebum-removal experiment indicated that the crude saponins extract has moderate detergency. The detergent abilities of the saponins from C. oleifera and Sapindus mukorossi were also compared.
Zinc for treating the common cold: review of all clinical trials since 1984. (1996)

All eight publications since 1984 that have reported a total of 10 clinical studies of the treatment of common colds with zinc are reviewed. The reasons for the puzzling mix of diametrically opposite results in these studies are elucidated and related to independent in vitro investigations. A theoretical framework is put forth that explains the beneficial effects of zinc and that has a solid foundation based on the known molecular structures of the surface of human rhinovirus and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, the docking point for human rhinovirus present on the surfaces of cells of the nasal epithelium. The results of clinical investigations and theory suggest that consistently beneficial therapeutic effects can be expected of zinc ions from zinc gluconate with glycine in lozenges prepared according to homeopathic principles and procedures. The latest study published used an "intent to treat" statistical model, and the highly beneficial effects of zinc found in that study could not be compared directly with results from any earlier studies. Raw data from that study were therefore reanalyzed on the basis of assessable patients, and the results show an even better effect and can be compared directly with earlier findings. No side effects or adverse experiences due to zinc that were serious, disturbing, or persistent were found in any of the 10 studies.
Disrupting insulin-like growth factor signaling as a potential cancer therapy (2007)

The type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) plays multiple roles in several cancers and increased circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) are associated with increased risk of breast, colon, and prostate cancers. Because IGF-II and insulin signal via the insulin receptor (IR) to stimulate the growth of cancer cells, inhibition of IR might be necessary to totally disrupt the action of IGFs and their receptors. This review describes the well-recognized roles of IGF-IR in driving the malignant phenotype, examines the evidence that perhaps IR should also be targeted to inhibit the effects of the IGF ligands and insulin in cancer, describes the strategies to disrupt IGF signaling in cancer, and highlights some key issues that need to be considered as clinical trials targeting IGF-IR proceed.
Biologically active thrombomodulin is synthesized by adherent synovial fluid cells and is elevated in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1993)

Thrombomodulin (TM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that interacts with thrombin, thereby serving as a cofactor in the activation of protein C, a major physiologically relevant natural anticoagulant. Although initially described as a vascular endothelial cell receptor, TM has also been reported to be synthesized by several cells, including megakaryocytes, platelets, monocytes, neutrophils (PMN), mesothelial cells, and synovial lining cells. A prominent feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is infiltration of PMN into the joint space. To determine whether TM might play a role in the inflammatory process, we examined synovial fluid for the presence of TM in 10 patients with RA and five patients with osteoarthritis (OA). We determined that the mean synovial fluid and plasma TM levels in the OA group were 23.5 ng/mL and 24.2 ng/mL, respectively, whereas those with RA had a significantly elevated mean synovial fluid TM level of 136.2 ng/mL as compared with the plasma TM concentration of 43.9 ng/mL (P < .05). Synovial fluid TM levels did not correlate with PMN counts (r = .261). Purified TM from synovial fluid was identical in molecular weight to plasma-derived TM and was biologically functional with respect to protein C cofactor activity. Using direct immunofluorescence, we determined that adherent cultured synovial fluid cells that are not monocytoid in origin express surface and cytoplasmic TM, thereby providing an alternative source of the protein. Biologic activity of the cell-surface TM was confirmed by acceleration of thrombin-dependent protein C activation. Northern analysis of RNA extracted from the cultured cells indicated that TM messenger RNA was present, suggesting local synthesis. Our results indicate that in RA-associated synovial effusions, biologically active TM is increased, the source of which may be from plasma, PMN, and/or synovial lining cells. TM may play a regulatory role either in fibrin deposition in the inflamed joint and/or in the progression of the inflammatory process.
A Study on Multicultural Library Services through the Public Library Homepage (2009)

The world has rapidly become culturally diverse, and Korea has gradually grown into a multicultural society, mainly due to marriage immigrants and foreign laborers, whose number exceeds over one million nationally. Their adjustment and acculturation in Korea, however, dose'nt seem painless and untroubled, and public libraries are in duty to provide multicultural service for these population. Providing useful services on the homepage makes it possible for users to find the information they need without having to visit the actual library. A more detailed research will be conducted by examining the multicultural services provided by the public libraries in Australia, Canada, the United States, and Japan, the leading multicultural societies. The further examination will be conducted on these libraries in terms of four aspects, that is, information, literacy, education, and culture, as declared by Public Library Menifesto. In Korea, translation and interpretation services, homework help, child literacy are necessary services at the public library, Management of independent multicultural site, shared services between Regional Central Library and Community Public Library, cooperation with libraries, government and organization will be helpful to multicultural library services.
A double blind, placebo controlled trial of inert cellulose powder for the relief of symptoms of hay fever in adults (2006)

The amount of rescue medication taken by the placebo group was significantly more than that taken by the active group both overall, considering all types of medication, and also in the individual cases of antihistamines, nasal sprays and eye drops. These results provide evidence that the inert cellulose powder reduces the need to take rescue medication for the symptoms of hay fever.
Fluorescent Microsphere Detection of Surface Antigens and Simultaneous Cytochemistries in Individual Hematopoietic Cells (1985)

A method for simultaneous analysis of cell surface antigens, cell morphology, and endogenous cytochemical staining on the same hematopoietic cell has been developed. Individual cells in heterogeneous populations can be tested for cell surface antigens using monoclonal antibodies conjugated to fluorescein-containing microspheres and subsequently stained for myeloperoxidase, Sudan black B, chloroacetate esterase, or alpha naphthyl butyrate. This technic, when applied to mixed cell populations such as normal peripheral blood and leukemic bone marrow samples, provides simultaneous analysis of cell surface antigens and specific cytoplasmic cytochemistries within individual cells. Application of this technic may increase the body of knowledge about hematopoiesis by allowing individual cells to be analyzed simultaneously for multiple lineage-associated characteristics.
Dioxirane chemistry. Part 23. The effect of solvent on the dimethyldioxirane epoxidation reaction (1993)

Second order rate coefficients for the epoxidation of trans-ethyl cinnamate (3) and cyclohexene (4) by dimethyldioxirane have been obtained in a number of binary solvents. These data were treated by the Kamlet–Taft multi-parameter solvent effect equation. These analyses indicate that solvents with hydrogen bond donor capacity (HBD) increase the rate of these reactions while solvents with hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) capacity decrease the rate. Variable temperature rate determinations for the cyclohexene epoxidation permitted the calculation of Ea, log A, and transition state parameters for several solvent systems. These data also support the favourable effect of HBD solvents on the rate of epoxidation by dimethyldioxirane.
Tacrolimus related hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in liver transplant recipients. (2010)

Recently there are a number of reports on the cardiotoxicity of tacrolimus in post-transplant patients. There is no protocol for cardiovascular evaluation in these patients. This study was performed to evaluate the cardiotoxicity of tacrolimus in liver transplant recipients.We evaluated 63 post-liver transplant patients who received tacrolimus. They were evaluated for cardiovascular complications by physical examination, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic examinations within three and six months following liver transplantation. Serum tacrolimus levels were checked by ELISA. For comparison, we selected 50 post-liver transplant patients who received no tacrolimus and evaluated them for cardiovascular function identically.Among 63 patients, 42 were male (66.7%) and 21 were female (33.3%); 70% of the patients were adults, and 19 (30%) were within the pediatric age group. The cardiovascular examinations, electrocardiogram and echocardiography of all patients three months post-transplantation were normal except for two children who developed tacrolimus related cardiac complications. Both had high serum tacrolimus levels. No adults developed cardiovascular complications. In the control group, the results of the cardiovascular evaluations were normal in all cases.The cardiovascular toxicity of tacrolimus, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, may be observed in pediatric patients. Therefore, we recommend routine regular cardiovascular evaluation of children after liver transplantation.
Dynamical properties of a gas of solitons in one-dimensional quantum antiferromagnets (2001)

The influence of the soliton-magnon coupling on the dynamical properties of quantum antiferromagnets is studied as a function of the external magnetic field and the temperature. The specific case of tetramethyl ammonium manganese chloride is analyzed above and below the transition temperature. The existence of a dissipative regime for the soliton motion is conjectured and its influence on the dynamical structure factor---which might be experimentally detected---is reported.
Modulation of functional properties of whey proteins by microparticulation (2011)

Heat-induced destabilisation (denaturation) of whey proteins (WP) is one of the major problems limiting their application in food products. As a means of modification, and, thereby improvement of the WP functionality, microparticulation of WP using combined heat and high pressure shearing achieved by microfluidization (MFZ) has been proposed and assessed in this thesis.
E.N.G. after head injury (1982)

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Working for Women's Health (1981)

This article discusses the history of Long Island's feminist health organization, The Women's Health Alliance of Long Island, Inc. This community-based women's group was formed in 1975 by a group of educators, practitioners, students, and intersted laywomen who were concerned about health care for women in New York City and Long Island. Today, services include a major Women and Health conference held each spring, a feminist health education center, several smaller presentations for specific groups, and related projects. Through our history, we have faced difficult decisions regarding our functions, goals, and structure. This article addresses the means we have used to mediate these decisions in order to continue our programs and to open our voluntary agency, Healthouse, which functions as a resource and educational center for women.
Some clinical consequences of the rest and activity disturbance in Alzheimer's disease (1995)

Recently, the use of activity monitoring has led to several interesting findings related to activity/rest issues in the care and management of Alzheimer patients. Evidence suggests that the “sleep” disturbances commonly reported in Alzheimer patients are actually a disturbance of the normal circadian cycle. This seems to be a normal progression of the disease and as such is not likely treatable with behavioral or pharmacological methods. These altered activity/rest patterns have direct implications for such areas as physical and pharmacological restraint use, supervision and injury risk, access and mobility issues, hospital ward design, and staffing policies.
Review: Gerald Beck (2013). Sichtbare Soziologie. Visualisierung und soziologische Wissenschaftskommunikation in der Zweiten Moderne (2013)

Visualisierungen von Wissen hatten und haben im Kern des Faches Soziologie einen schweren Stand. Gerald BECK nimmt sich daher in seinem Buch "Sichtbare Soziologie" der Thematik an, um die Stellung von Visualisierungen in der Soziologie zu verstehen, damit verbundene Problemfelder zu identifizieren und für visuelle Umsetzungen zu sensibilisieren. Er setzt dazu beim Übergang zur Zweiten Moderne an und betrachtet anhand von neun Fallbeispielen gelungene und weniger gelungene Visualisierungen. Durch die verkürzte Aufarbeitung des Verhältnisses der Soziologie zum Bild bleiben jedoch wichtige Einsichten unberücksichtigt, sodass BECKs Empfehlungen, die Zahl der Visualisierungen und die visuelle Kompetenz zu erhöhen, kaum geeignet sind, die Skepsis in der Soziologie gegenüber Visualisierungen zu überwinden. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1401228
Hardware architecture design of video compression for multimedia communication systems (2005)

VLSI realization of video compression is the key to many real-time multimedia communications systems. Among the video compression algorithms, the newly established MPEG-4 and, in particular, H.264 standards have become increasingly popular. However, the high coding efficiency of such video coding algorithms comes at the cost of a dramatic increase in complexity. Effective and efficient hardware solutions to this problem are necessary. In this article we present an overview of the hardware design issues of MPEG-4 and H.264. Both module and system architectures of these two coding standards are discussed. Based on these architectures, the design of a single-chip encoder complying with the H.264 baseline profile and capable of encoding the D1 resolution (720 x 480) video at 30 Hz is presented as an example. In addition, the system integration issues of video compression engines with multimedia communication systems and a general hardware platform for various applications are discussed.
The combined effect of fludarabine monophosphate and radiation as well as gemcitabine and radiation on squamous carcinoma tumor cell lines<i>in vitro</i> (2008)

Our results reveal a potential radiosensitizing effect of fludarabine and its possible application in chemoradiotherapy of advanced head and neck carcinoma and possibly other tumor entities.
Fatal encephalitis in a patient with chronic graft-versus-host disease. (1990)

A 32-year-old male patient with chronic myelocytic leukemia in accelerated phase received a bone marrow allograft from his 42-year-old HLA/MLC-identical sister. He recovered from acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) grade III-IV of skin, liver and gut, but chronic GVHD of progressive onset developed. On day 556 post-graft severe thrombocytopenia was resistant to prednisolone, cyclophosphamide and high dose immunoglobulin. Splenectomy was followed by a normalization of platelet counts. The subsequent clinical course was characterized by progressive muscular atrophy and weight loss. Dysphagia, dysarthria, cachexia and ultimately recurrent pneumonic episodes ensued. The cachectic patient developed a highly abnormal breathing pattern with hypoventilation and intermittent apnea requiring mechanical ventilation. Auditory evoked potentials revealed a considerable dysfunction of the brainstem. The patient died on day 1120 post-graft from pneumonia, aggravated by thoracic muscular insufficiency. Postmortem examination revealed diffuse predominantly lymphoid perivascular infiltration in meninges and CNS tissue; proliferation of activated microglial cells expressing the HLA-DR antigen was prominent in the brainstem. These histologic changes are similar to those observed in the CNS in experimental GVHD. We suggest that this case represents the first documentation of CNS involvement in chronic GVHD.
Grammar error detection with best approximated parse (2009)

In this paper, we propose that grammar error detection be disambiguated in generating the connected parse(s) of optimal merit for the full input utterance, in overcoming the cheapest error. The detected error(s) are described as violated grammatical constraints in a framework for Model-Theoretic Syntax (MTS). We present a parsing algorithm for MTS, which only relies on a grammar of well-formedness, in that the process does not require any extra-grammatical resources, additional rules for constraint relaxation or error handling, or any recovery process.