gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Critical Period for Nicotine-Induced Disruption of Synaptic Development in Rat Auditory Cortex (2000)

Cholinergic markers in the middle layers of rat auditory cortex are transiently upregulated during the second postnatal week, at which time alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) selectively regulate NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated EPSPs. To investigate the developmental role of this regulation, we determined whether manipulating nAChR function at specific times during the first 4 weeks after birth could alter subsequent neuronal function. Rat pups were injected twice daily with nicotine (1 or 2 mg/kg) or saline during approximately the first, second, or fourth postnatal week (i. e., before, during, or after the peak upregulation of nAChRs). Glutamate EPSPs and intrinsic membrane properties were measured during whole-cell recordings from visually identified pyramidal neurons in layers II-IV of brain slices prepared at least 15 hr after the last injection. Chronic nicotine exposure (CNE) had little effect on intrinsic membrane properties and during week 1 or 4 did not affect synaptic function. However, CNE during week 2 resulted in EPSPs with long durations, multiple peaks, and enhanced NMDAR components. These changes remained significant even 10 d after CNE. Rapid application of nicotine, which in control neurons selectively enhances NMDAR EPSPs during week 2, produced only weak effects after CNE. Receptor binding studies showed that CNE-induced EPSP alterations occurred in the absence of altered alpha 7 nAChR numbers or agonist binding affinity. Thus, altered stimulation of nAChRs by CNE during week 2, but not before or after, disrupts the development of glutamate synapses in rat auditory cortex.
Efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of lipo-chitin oligosaccharides as plant growth promoters (2015)

Lipo-chitin oligosaccharides (LCOs), key molecules in plant-symbiotic microorganism communication, are readily obtained<italic>via</italic>chemoenzymatic synthesis from chitin, a renewable abundant biopolymer.
Prolonged Infusion of Cycloheximide Does Not Block Mossy Fiber Sprouting in a Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (2005)

Prolonged infusion of cycloheximide, spanning the period of pilocarpine treatment, did not block mossy fiber sprouting. This finding suggests that protein-dependent mechanisms around the time of an epileptogenic injury are not necessary for the eventual development of synaptic reorganization.
Plant pathogenic anaerobic bacteria use aromatic polyketides to access aerobic territory (2015)

Around 25% of vegetable food is lost worldwide because of infectious plant diseases, including microbe-induced decay of harvested crops. In wet seasons and under humid storage conditions, potato tubers are readily infected and decomposed by anaerobic bacteria (Clostridium puniceum). We found that these anaerobic plant pathogens harbor a gene locus (type II polyketide synthase) to produce unusual polyketide metabolites (clostrubins) with dual functions. The clostrubins, which act as antibiotics against other microbial plant pathogens, enable the anaerobic bacteria to survive an oxygen-rich plant environment.
Thiosteroids. III.<sup>1</sup> The Transannular Addition of Hydrogen Disulfide to the Steroid A Ring (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThiosteroids. III.1 The Transannular Addition of Hydrogen Disulfide to the Steroid A RingRobert C. Tweit and R. M. DodsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 16, 4409–4412Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01525a075https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01525a075research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Exploring time-scales of closed-loop decoder adaptation in brain-machine interfaces (2011)

Performing closed-loop modifications of a brain-machine interface (BMI) decoder is a technique that shows great promise for improving performance. We compare two algorithms for implementing adaptations that update decoder parameters on different time-scales (discrete batches vs. online), and present experimental results of a non-human primate performing a standard center-out BMI task. To ensure that our experimental training models are representative of a broad range of paralyzed patients, our decoders were initially trained using neural activity recorded during subject observation of cursor movement. We find that both closed-loop adaptation algorithms can be used to boost BMI performance from 20-30% to 80%, yielding movement kinematics similar to natural arm movements. Based on insights derived from the performance of each algorithm, we propose that a hybrid of batch and online decoder adaptation may be the best approach.
A model for estimating bulk refractive index from the optical backscattering ratio and the implications for understanding particle composition in case I and case II waters (2001)

A model based on Mie theory is described that estimates bulk participate refractive index from in situ optical measurements alone. Bulk refractive index is described in terms of the backscattering ratio and the hyperbolic slope of the particle size distribution (PSD). The PSD slope ξ is estimated from the hyperbolic slope of the particulate attenuation spectrum γ according to the relationship γ ≈ ξ − 3, verified with Mie theory. Thus the required in situ measurements are the particulate backscattering coefficient, the total particulate scattering coefficient, and the particulate attenuation coefficient. These parameters can be measured with commercially available instrumentation with rapid sampling rates and real‐time data return. Application of the model to data from the Gulf of California yielded results that agreed with expectations, e.g., predicted was 1.04–1.05 in the chlorophyll maximum and 1.14–1.18 near sediments. Below the chlorophyll maximum in case I type waters, predicted values were between 1.10 and 1.12, suggesting the presence of a significant inorganic mineral component in the background or detrital organic particles with low water content.
Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for adult Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2016)

Our report suggests that anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy may be a promising option for the treatment of relapsed Ph-positive ALL after conventional chemotherapy or allogeneic HSCT. However, caution is due given the possibility of the adverse effects of cytokine release syndrome (CRS)-induced aGVHD for patients receiving allogeneic HSCT.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Peptide Conjugates — Tailor‐Made Probes for the Biology of Protein Modification and Protein Processing (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Relative risks of death due to liver disease among Japanese male adults having various statuses for hepatitis B s and e antigen/antibody in serum: A prospective study (1988)

Taking advantage of the compulsory annual medical check-up at the Central Institute of Health, Japan National Railways, hepatitis B seromarkers were tested in male employees at work and their "dead and alive" status was followed for more than 6 years for their prognostic significance. Two prospective studies were carried out. In the first study, two groups (cohorts) of males age 40 to 55 years were tested in 1973 and 1978, respectively, for HBsAg and anti-HBs. The relative risk of dying from primary liver cancer in HBsAg-positive carriers (n = 126) as compared to the controls who were negative for both HBsAg and anti-HBs (n = 5,322) was 30.03 and significantly high, whereas those positive for anti-HBs (n = 1,470) had no increased risk of dying from primary liver cancer or from other liver diseases. The follow-up period ranged from 6.5 to 11.5 years, averaging 8.5 years. In the second study, three male cohorts of the same ages were tested for HBsAg and HBeAg/anti-HBe (micro-Ouchterlony method) in 1977, 1978 and 1979, respectively. There were 513 HBsAg-positive carriers among 25,547 examinees, who were followed for an average of 7.3 (6 to 8) years. Among these HBsAg carriers, those who were positive for HBeAg on entry had the highest risk of dying from primary liver cancer (relative risk, 50.25) and from other liver diseases (78.06), followed by those negative for both (28.95 and 21.78, respectively) and those positive for anti-HBe (9.47 and 6.43) when compared with 25,034 noncarriers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hydrostannation of Acetylenic Acid Derivatives (1991)

The reaction of acetylenedicarboxylic acid and propiolic acid with tributyltin hydride efficiently yields vinylic tin compounds bis(tributylstannyl) 2-tributylstannylbutenedioates (E/Z,1:20) and tributylstannyl 3-tributylstannylacrylates (E/Z,1:1), respectively, with regiochemistry similar to that seen in the reaction of the corresponding esters.
Creación y protocolo de seguimiento longitudinal de una cohorte multipropósito de pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson de reciente diagnóstico: proyecto VIP (2006)

La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa muy heterogénea desde el punto de vista etiológico, clínico y terapéutico, lo que dificulta la interpretación de resultados de estudios transversales. Son necesarios los registros de pacientes y los estudios longitudinales de cohortes bien caracterizadas desde el punto de vista clínico y terapéutico.
Measuring pain in neonates: evaluating an instrument and developing a common language. (1995)

This paper describes the development and evaluation of the Pain Assessment Tool (PAT), a scoring system that was developed by a group of neonatal nurses to assess neonates' pain. To test the practical application of the tool and to compare the scoring system with nurses' subjective pain assessments, a pilot study was conducted with a sample of 20 neonates during the 24 hours following their surgery. The study found that PAT effectively quantified neonates' pain and that PAT scores reflected nurses' perceptions of the pain experienced by neonates. Based on the PAT scores, 15 babies experienced discomfort that required nursing comfort measures and eight babies needed both comfort measures and analgesia to relieve pain. Recommendations for future use of the Pain Assessment Tool are discussed.
Molecular pathways involved in COVID-19 and potential pathway-based therapeutic targets (2021)

Deciphering the molecular downstream consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)- 2 infection is important for a greater understanding of the disease and treatment planning. Furthermore, greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies can help in the development of vaccines and drugs against COVID-19. At present, the molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 in the host cells are not sufficiently comprehended. Some of the mechanisms are proposed considering the existing similarities between SARS-CoV-2 and the other members of the β-CoVs, and others are explained based on studies advanced in the structure and function of SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we endeavored to map the possible mechanisms of the host response following SARS-CoV-2 infection and surveyed current research conducted by in vitro, in vivo and human observations, as well as existing suggestions. We addressed the specific signaling events that can cause cytokine storm and demonstrated three forms of cell death signaling following virus infection, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. Given the elicited signaling pathways, we introduced possible pathway-based therapeutic targets; ADAM17 was especially highlighted as one of the most important elements of several signaling pathways involved in the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19. We also provided the possible drug candidates against these targets. Moreover, the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway was found as one of the important cross-talk pathways through a pathway-pathway interaction analysis for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Compressive Strength of Autologous and Allogenous Bone Grafts for Thoracolumbar and Cervical Spine Fusion (1990)

The selection of the bone graft type for stabilization of spinal fusion depends on availability, the clinical situation, and the desired mechanical stability. The authors determined the potential immediate postoperative compressive strength of various types of bone grafts under axial compression on a material testing machine. The fibular strut graft (5,070 +/- 3,250 N, mean +/- standard deviation [SD]) was significantly stronger (P less than 0.05) than the anterior (1,150 +/- 487 N) and posterior (667 +/- 311 N) iliac crest grafts, and the rib grafts (452 +/- 192 N). Hydroxyapatite grafts with a pore size of 200 mu were significantly stronger (P less than 0.05) than those with a pore size of 500 mu (1,420 +/- 480 N versus 338 +/- 78 N). Ethylenoxide sterilization had no significant effect on the immediate compressive strength. Bicortical and tricortical Bailey-Badgley and Cloward bone grafts also were compared. Results showed that all cervical graft types may be sufficiently strong to support sizable loads.
A Correlation of F<sup>19</sup>-F<sup>19</sup> gem Coupling Constants with Chemical Shifts in the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Fluoroalkenes (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Correlation of F19-F19 gem Coupling Constants with Chemical Shifts in the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of FluoroalkenesJ. Reuben, Y. Shvo, and A. DemielCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 17, 3995–3996Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01095a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01095a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design, synthesis & evaluation of human Aurora kinase and phosphodiesterase inhibitors for anti-trypanosomal drug discovery via target repurposing (2012)

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) represent a group of infectious diseases that blight the lives of approximately one billion people, and collectively cause around 550,000 deaths each year. These diseases are generally concentrated in low-income countries from Africa and Latin America, but are also known to take a heavy toll in parts of South Asia. The current therapies have many limitations such as cost, route of administration, toxicity and the emergence of resistance. The current work is focused on targeting the pathogenic parasite that causes African sleeping sickness, Trypanosoma brucei (T.b.), by designing new inhibitors by a "target repurposing approach." The strategy implemented in the development of the projects described herein relies on the identification of biological targets in the pathogenic parasite that show homology to biological targets in humans that have already been pursued for drug discovery efforts. This knowledge from these efforts (compounds, structural information) is repurposed in the design, synthesis, and optimization of new agents that inhibit the parasite targets. The current research consists of two distinct projects, focused on the optimization of compounds for two potential drug targets from T. brucei: Aurora Kinase 1 (TbAUK1) and phosphodiesterases B1 and B2 (TbrPDEB1 and B2).
Infection of an established mouse bone marrow cell line (JLS-V9) with Rauscher and Moloney murine leukemia viruses. (1967)

Summary A cell line (JLS-V9) established from the bone marrow of normal weanling BALB/c mice has been shown to be susceptible to infection with either the Rauscher or Moloney murine leukemia viruses. The Rauscher- and Moloney-virus-infected cultures were designated JLS-V10 and JLS-V11, respectively. Both infected cultures were carried for 7 months without loss of infectivity. However, more recent bioassays of Rauscher virus from the JLS-V10 line have indicated a reduction of infectivity for BALB/c mice. Virus multiplication was evaluated both by electron microscopy and bioassays of cell free tissue culture fluids. The viruses were identified by serum neutralization and response of infected mice to the respective viruses, as well as electron microscopy. Cytopathogenic effects of the viruses have not been observed in either of the infected cultures.
Impedance measurement and excess-noise behavior of a Ti∕Au bilayer TES calorimeter (2009)

To understand the so‐called excess noise, we measured the complex impedance of a TES microcalorimeter, and derived the hernial sensitivity α, current sensitivity β, and heat capacity C. Making use of the obtained parameters, we found that the excess noise can be represented by two types of extra noise having similar spectra as Johnson and phonon noise. The contribution of the Johnson‐like, usually expressed by the M factor, depended on α M∽0.2α, which is consistent with the behavior of the excess noise studied in other groups. Pursuing the better energy resolution, we suppressed the dominant noise components by introducing a Si collimator to irradiate X‐rays only to the Au absorber, increasing the ADC resolution, and improving the temperature stability. So far, the energy resolution has been improved from 4.8 eV to 2.8 eV (FWHM).
<title>Residue-number-system-based optical adaptive processor architecture</title> (1990)

An architecture for an optically implemented adaptive array processor which operates in quadratic residue number systems (QRNS) is presented. The unit provides four adaptive degrees of freedom but can be expanded, through additional modular processing elements, to 12 or more degrees. Separate subprocessors construct a sample covariance matrix and solve for the complex weights via Gauss elimination and back substitution. A third subprocessor performs scaling and integer reconstruction operations through mixed radix conversion (MRC). The system uses optical clocking to operate at an internal rate of 200 MHz, and it will produce complete weight solutions approximately once per microsecond with a total latency of about 2.3 psec.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Junctophilin-2 in the nanoscale organisation and functional signalling of ryanodine receptor clusters in cardiomyocytes (2016)

Signalling nanodomains requiring close contact between the plasma membrane and internal compartments, known as 'junctions', are fast communication hubs within excitable cells such as neurones and muscle. Here, we have examined two transgenic murine models probing the role of junctophilin-2, a membrane-tethering protein crucial for the formation and molecular organisation of sub-microscopic junctions in ventricular muscle cells of the heart. Quantitative single-molecule localisation microscopy showed that junctions in animals producing above-normal levels of junctophilin-2 were enlarged, allowing the re-organisation of the primary functional protein within it, the ryanodine receptor (RyR; in this paper, we use RyR to refer to the myocardial isoform RyR2). Although this change was associated with much enlarged RyR clusters that, due to their size, should be more excitable, functionally it caused a mild inhibition in the Ca<sup>2+</sup> signalling output of the junctions (Ca<sup>2+</sup> sparks). Analysis of the single-molecule densities of both RyR and junctophilin-2 revealed an ∼3-fold increase in the junctophilin-2 to RyR ratio. This molecular rearrangement is compatible with direct inhibition of RyR opening by junctophilin-2 to intrinsically stabilise the Ca<sup>2+</sup> signalling properties of the junction and thus the contractile function of the cell.
Therapeutic Effects of a <scp>TANK</scp>‐Binding Kinase 1 Inhibitor in Germinal Center–Driven Collagen‐Induced Arthritis (2018)

We report that TBK-1 inhibition using WEHI-112 abrogated antibody-dependent CIA. As WEHI-112 failed to inhibit non-antibody-driven joint inflammation, we conclude that the major effect of this compound was most likely the targeting of TBK-1-mediated mechanisms in the GC reaction. This approach may have therapeutic potential in RA and in other GC-associated autoantibody-driven inflammatory diseases.
Practical Applications of Portfolio Concentration and the Geometry of Co-Movement (2013)

Imagine a new visually appealing, intuitive tool for institutional portfolio managers to understand the changing correlations between stocks over time, so they can limit concentration risk. This <b>Practical Applications</b> report shows how <b>Wesley Phoa</b>, author of <b><i>Portfolio Concentration and the Geometry of Co-Movement</i></b>, achieved this using a diffusion map method and 3-D gaming technology to visualize correlations of S&P 500 and S&P 100 stocks. “A lot of equity managers are not very quantitative, ” he states in an interview for this report. Phoa set out to find a visual way of representing a mass of information about stock correlations that was both easy to understand and had precise quantitative meaning in its representations. The result is a visually compelling and robust way of looking at correlations between stocks and stock sectors. Phoa is Senior Vice President at <b>The Capital Group Companies</b> in Los Angeles. His article appeared in the Summer 2013 issue of <b><i>The Journal of Portfolio Management</i></b>.
Achondroplasia in diverse Jewish and Arab populations in Israel: clinical and molecular characterization. (2000)

Our results further support the unusual observation that nucleotide 1138 of the FGFR3 gene is the most mutable nucleotide discovered to date across different populations.
Temporal processing with micro-optical structures (2007)

Microoptical elements and instruments are suitable for the analog processing of optical ps/fs-pulses. We discuss various approaches based on Talbot selfimaging, Talbot band experiments and micro-optics to implement optical tapped delay-lines with “arbitrary” impulse responses.