gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Importance Rating of Riser-Soil Interaction Effects (2014)

The fatigue life of risers loaded by wave kinematics, vessel movements, and vortex-induced vibrations, is one of the critical issues when designing floating production systems comprised of a large floating structure attached to the seabed by vertical tethers or mooring lines. It is especially difficult to estimate fatigue stresses due to the interaction between the seabed/soil and the riser because of the high non-linearity of soil response. Adding to the complexity the touchdown zone where the riser contacts the soil often proves to be the critical location for the fatigue life, since the maximum bending stresses usually occur in this part of the riser. Previous studies have also shown fatigue damage to be sensitive to soil stiffness. Although linear elastic soil models provide very useful insights about pipe-soil interaction, they cannot fully describe the complex interaction problem including: trench formation, non-linear soil properties, soil suction, detachment of the pipe from the soil, pipe re-contact with the soil and degradation of soil stiffness, which are evident from full-scale experimental testing and field surveys. The background for this study is to explore the effect of going beyond the common linear soil model, calculate the riser-soil interaction effects in more detail and identify which interaction effects are the most important for riser response. Based on consolidating knowledge from conference publications, joint development projects and bearing capacity theory a pipe-soil interaction model accounting for the seemingly most important interaction mechanisms is developed and implemented in ABAQUS. The importance of the many interaction effects is explored through sensitivity studies. Based on the importance rating recommendations are given on what level of model sophistication to choose for different applications e.g. fatigue analysis.
Special Case Report Issue: Some Bathtub Reading (2012)

A few years ago, if my memory is not at fault, Oliver Sacks wrote that one of his pleasures as a medical undergraduate was reading in the bathtub. What he enjoyed in particular were Victorian case reports, because the Victorians knew how to write, and because case studies were (and still are) of particular interest to Dr. Sacks.

In this age of meta-analysis and systematic review, we should remember that we are well served by the occasional reading of an individual case. A good case report tells a story: it introduces a patient, presents a problem, offers clues to the resolution of that problem, and usually provides an answer. Most of all, it reminds us that direct interaction with the patient is the essence of medicine. And it doesn't involve statistics.

Now for my confession. We have accepted so many case reports that we fell behind in publishing them and are producing this single (and exceptional) issue devoted to the resolution of our backlog. We cannot duplicate the prose of Victorian medicine, nor can we draw you a bath, but we can hope that you find these papers enjoyable and informative.


James T. Willerson, MD

Editor-in-Chief, Texas Heart Institute Journal; and President and Medical Director, Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston
Breast cancer risk associated with estrogen receptor expression in epithelial hyperplasia lacking atypia and adjacent lobular units (2004)

Estrogen is associated with many epidemiologic risk factors for invasive breast cancer. Cells that express estrogen receptors (ERs) in epithelial hyperplasia lacking atypia (EHLA) may influence breast cancer progression. We conducted a nested case-control study of 268 women with biopsy-confirmed EHLA to determine whether immunohistochemical expression of ERalpha in EHLA affects subsequent breast cancer risk. Study subjects could not have a prior or current history of breast cancer or atypical hyperplasia. Immunohistochemical stains in individual lesions and adjacent normal lobules were considered positive if >or= 10% of epithelial cells stained for ERalpha. The risk of invasive breast cancer in EHLA patients with ERalpha-positive normal lobules was twice that of other EHLA patients (95% CI = 1.0-3.8). This risk was not affected by the ERalpha status of EHLA lesions. ERalpha expression in adjacent normal lobules increases the moderate breast cancer risk previously associated with EHLA.
CO<sub>2</sub>-laser micromachining of PMMA: the effect of polymer molecular weight (2008)

This paper reports an investigation on the effects of laser power and processing speed on the depth, width and surface profiles of microchannels manufactured from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) of various molecular weights. The CO2 laser employed has a wavelength of 10.6 µm and a maximum power of 25 W. The power used for channel fabrication varied between 0.275 and 2.5 W and the cutting speed ranged from 7.0 to 64 mm s−1. It is observed that the channel depth varies linearly with an increase in laser power at a particular speed. For a prescribed laser power, the channel depth decreased with an increase in laser speed for all the grades of PMMA. The channel width increased with an increase in laser power but decreased with an increase in speed. There is a decrease in the depth of the microchannels with an increase in the molecular weight of PMMA. Though the width decreases with an increase in molecular weights of PMMA, 96.7 kDa PMMA has a smaller width than 120 kDa PMMA which is due to the formation of bulges on the channel rim. The surface profiles of the microchannels were examined by a scanning electron microscope. It is observed that pore formation increased with an increase in molecular weight.
Basimarols A, B, and C, Highly Oxygenated Pimarane Diterpenoids from <i>Basilicum polystachyon</i> (2019)

The highly oxygenated pimarane diterpenoids basimarols A, B, and C (<b>3</b>-<b>5</b>) were isolated from the plant species <i>Basilicum polystachyon</i>, which was collected within the Australian arid zone. Structure elucidation was performed using a suite of spectroscopic techniques, including X-ray crystallography. Anticancer and anti-DENV activity of <b>3</b>-<b>5</b> was explored, but only limited activity was observed. More extensive antiviral evaluation of stachyonic acid A (<b>1</b>), which was also isolated from <i>B. polystachyon</i>, revealed broad spectrum antiviral activity against West Nile virus (Kunjin strain, WNV<sub>Kun</sub>) and human influenza viruses H1N1 and H3N2.
A Biosurfactant-Sophorolipid Acts in Synergy with Antibiotics to Enhance Their Efficiency (2013)

Sophorolipids (SLs), biosurfactants with antimicrobial properties, have been tried to address the problem of antibiotic resistance. The synergistic action of SL and antibiotics was checked using standard microdilution and spread plate methods. With Staphylococcus aureus, SL-tetracycline combination achieved total inhibition before 4 h of exposure while tetracycline alone couldnot achieve total inhibition till the end of 6 h. The inhibition caused by exposure of bacterium to SL-tetracycline mixture was ~25% more as compared to SL alone. In spite of known robustness of gram-negative bacteria, SL-cefaclor mixture proved to be efficient against Escherichia coli which showed ~48% more inhibition within 2 h of exposure as compared to cefaclor alone. Scanning electron microscopy of the cells treated with mixture revealed bacterial cell membrane damage and pore formation. Moreover, SLs being a type of asymmetric bola, they are expected to form self-assemblies with unique functionality. This led to the speculation that SLs being amphiphilic in nature can span through the structurally alike cell membrane and facilitate the entry of drug molecules.
Simultaneous Detection and Quantitation of Multiple Antigen Expression in Tissue by Fluorescence Microscopy and Hyper-spectral Imaging (132.4) (2007)

Abstract Analyses of biomarkers in tissues represent a critical component in the development of therapeutics. In drug development, entire signaling pathways are profiled with a variety of high-throughput techniques. However, in the field of histology, tissue-based diagnostics are generally dominated by single- or dual-analyte tests. In addition, manual methods for slide processing promote inconsistency. We have developed automated instrumentation for conducting high-throughput IHC and ISH in widely available formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. In this report we describe the utilization of Quantum dots (Qdots®) in advanced antigen detection in intact tissues. Specifically, we developed a novel set of hapten and anti-hapten monoclonal antibodies for use in multi-analyte assays. Spectral imaging software was utilized to deconvolute images generated by fluorescence microscopy on tissue samples. In model systems, we demonstrate simultaneous detection, and quantitation of expression levels and cell numbers, for markers including CD20, CD34, CD45, IgGκ, IgGλ, and Ki67. These reagents provide a growing set of tools that could complement early marker validation. The examples in this study demonstrate the utility of coupling high-throughput, automated histochemistry with quantifiable, multiplexed analyte detection. These findings are reported for individual cells in their anatomic context.
Emulsion Polymerisation of Styrene and Vinyl Acetate (1970)

Abstract Kinetic data on the emulsion polymerisation of styrene are discussed in the light of the Smith‐Ewart theory as modified by Gardon. It is shown that at least in the beginning of the reaction serious discrepances exist between experimental results and the theoretical concept. An electrolytic effect in cationic emulsifier systems was found. Emulsion polymerisation of vinyl acetate was investigated and the mechanism is discussed. The polymerisation of vinyl acetate in aqueous solution without added emulsifier begins as a true solution polymerisation but very soon changes to a suspension polymerisation. The latex particles formed are an order of magnitude larger than those obtained in the emulsion polymerisation and have a very narrow size distribution. There seems to be a very short period of particle formation in this system.
Novel Mechanism of β-Lactam Resistance Due to Bypass of DD-Transpeptidation in Enterococcus faecium (2000)

The peptidoglycan structure of in vitro selected ampicillin-resistant mutant Enterococcus faecium D344M512 and of the susceptible parental strain D344S was determined by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The muropeptide monomers were almost identical in the two strains. The substantial majority (99.3%) of the oligomers from the susceptible strain D344S contained the usual d-alanyl --> d-asparaginyl (or d-aspartyl)-l-lysyl cross-link (d-Ala --> d-Asx-l-Lys) generated by beta-lactam-sensitive DD-transpeptidation. The remaining oligomers (0.7%) were produced by beta-lactam-insensitive LD-transpeptidation, because they contained l-Lys --> d-Asx-l-Lys cross-links. The muropeptide oligomers of the ampicillin-resistant mutant D344M512 contained only these l-Lys --> d-Asx-l-Lys cross-links indicating that resistance was due to the bypass of the beta-lactam-sensitive DD-transpeptidation reaction. The discovery of this novel resistance mechanism indicates that DD-transpeptidases cannot be considered anymore as the sole essential transpeptidase enzymes.
Material property characterization and pulse propagation in thin drawn wire waveguides (2003)

The material properties of thin drawn wire waveguides (304 stainless steel and hard tempered aluminium 1100 with diameters ranging from 127 to 406 mu m) are characterized experimentally, and axially symmetric elastic wave pulse propagation is modeled analytically. The drawn wires are found to behave as transversely isotropic media. Dispersion measurements are used to accurately determine two of the five independent material properties in several metal wire samples: better than 0.5% for E/sub LL/ (longitudinal Young's modules), and better than 5% for V/sub LT/ (longitudinal-transverse Poisson's ratio). The value of G/sub LT/ (longitudinal-transverse shear modulus) is determined through measurement of the first torsional mode. The dispersive pulsed waveforms may be accurately predicted from the model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
17-O-Acetyltestosterone formation from progesterone in microsomes from pig testes: evidence for the Baeyer-Villiger rearrangement in androgen formation catalyzed by CYP17 (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT17-O-Acetyltestosterone formation from progesterone in microsomes from pig testes: evidence for the Baeyer-Villiger rearrangement in androgen formation catalyzed by CYP17Amy Y. Mak and David C. SwinneyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 21, 8309–8310Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00047a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00047a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views143Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Issues for routing in the optical layer (2001)

Optical layer control planes based on MPLS and other Internet protocols hold great promise because of their proven scalability, ability to support rapid provisioning, and auto discovery and self-inventory capabilities and are under intense study in various standards bodies. To date however little attention has been paid to aspects of the optical layer which differ from those found in data networking. We study three such aspects which impact routing: network elements which are reconfigurable, but in constrained ways; transmission impairments which may make some routes unusable; and diversity. We conclude that if emerging optical technology is to be maximally exploited, heterogeneous technologies with dissimilar routing constraints are likely. Four alternative architectures for dealing with this eventuality are identified and some trade-offs between centralizing or distributing some aspects of routing are discussed.
Migration of vascular endothelial cells in monolayers under hypoxic exposure (2019)

The hypoxic microenvironment existing in vivo is known to significantly affect cell morphology and dynamics, and cell group behaviour. Collective migration of vascular endothelial cells is essential for vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, and for maintenance of monolayer integrity. Although hypoxic stress increases vascular endothelial permeability, the changes in collective migration and intracellular junction morphology of vascular endothelial cells remain poorly understood. This study reveals the migration of confluent vascular endothelial cells and changes in their adherens junction, as reflected by changes in the vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin distribution, under hypoxic exposure. Vascular endothelial monolayers of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were formed in microfluidic devices with controllability of oxygen tension. The oxygen tension was set to either normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (<3% O2) by supplying gas mixtures into separate gas channels. The migration velocity of HUVECs was measured using particle image velocimetry with a time series of phase-contrast microscopic images of the vascular endothelial monolayers. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and VE-cadherin in HUVECs were observed after exposure to normoxic or hypoxic conditions using immunofluorescence staining and quantitative confocal image analysis. Changes in the migration speed of HUVECs were observed in as little as one hour after exposure to hypoxic condition, showing that the migration speed was increased 1.4-fold under hypoxia compared to that under normoxia. Nuclear translocation of HIF-1α peaked after the hypoxic gas mixture was supplied for 2 h. VE-cadherin expression was also found to be reduced. When ethanol was added to the cell culture medium, cell migration increased. By contrast, by strengthening VE-cadherin junctions with forskolin, cell migration decreased gradually in spite the effect of ethanol to stimulate migration. These results indicate that the increase of cell migration by hypoxic exposure was attributable to loosening of intercellular junction resulting from the decrease of VE-cadherin expression.
The P3OO Component of the Auditory Event-related Potential: Interlaboratory Consistency and Test-retest Reliability (1991)

Abstract : The auditory evoked potential in a signal classification task using rare and frequent tones was measured by four independent laboratories, to assess the test-retest reliability and interlaboratory consistency of the P300 component. Across laboratories, 61 male subjects (three samples of military subjects, n=25, n=18, and n=8;one sample of college students,n=10), ranging between 18 and 49 years of age were tested. With few exceptions, all experimental and subject factors were controlled. At each of three electrode sites (Fz, Cz, Pz), peak amplitude, peak latency, and root-mean-square amplitude (RMS0, of the P300 were computed for each subject in test and retest conditions. Statistical analyses of the data supported three strong inferences: (1) test-retest reliability and interlaboratory consistency of P300 measures is high for RMS amplitude, lower for peak amplitude, and lowest for peak latency; (2) recordings from size Pz provide higher reliability and consistency than sites Fz or Cz; (3) the RMS amplitude of P300 is negatively correlated with reaction time to correctly classify rare tones. The data support the notion that (Event Related Potential) components, such as P300, can be reliably measured by different laboratories, with a test-retest correlation coefficient of 0.8 or higher.
Sequence-based Design of Kinase Inhibitors Applicable for Therapeutics and Target Identification (2004)

A platform for specifically modulating kinase-dependent signaling using peptides derived from the catalytic domain of the kinase is presented. This technology, termed KinAce, utilizes the canonical structure of protein kinases. The targeted regions (subdomain V and subdomains IX and X) are analyzed and their sequence, three-dimensional structure, and involvement in protein-protein interaction are highlighted. Short myristoylated peptides were derived from the target regions of the tyrosine kinases c-Kit and Lyn and the serine/threonine kinases 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) and Akt/protein kinase B (PKB). For each kinase an active designer peptide is shown to selectively inhibit the signaling of the kinase from which it is derived, and to inhibit cancer cell proliferation in the micromolar range. This technology emerges as an applicable tool for deriving sequence-based selective inhibitors for a broad range of protein kinases as hits that may be further developed into drugs. Moreover, it enables identification of novel kinase targets for selected therapeutic indications as demonstrated in the KinScreen application.
HLA‐DR molecules enhance signal transduction through the CD3/Ti complex in activated T cells (1991)

Crosslinking HLA-DR molecules by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) induces protein tyrosine phosphorylation and results in a secondary elevation of free cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in activated human T cells. Here we have studied the effect of DR on CD3-induced signal transduction in allospecific T-cell clones and T-leukemia (HUT78) cells. Co-crosslinking of DR with CD3 produced an enhanced [Ca2+]i response compared to that seen with CD3 alone. In contrast, CD2 responses were not enhanced by co-crosslinking with DR. Co-crosslinking CD45 in a tri-molecular complex of CD45, CD3, and DR completely abrogated the enhancing effects of DR on CD3-induced [Ca2+]i responses. In contrast, the enhancing effect of co-crosslinking CD4 on CD3 responses was not inhibited by co-crosslinking CD45. Thus, the DR-mediated accessory signals appear to be regulated differently from those provided by CD4 accessory molecules. The present data confirm, at the level of second messengers, recent findings suggesting that DR molecules have accessory functions in CD3/Ti-mediated T-cell responses.
Erythrocyte-ghost Ca2+-stimulated Mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (1982)

The Ca2+-stimulated Mg2-dependent ATPase activities (Ca2+-ATPase) of erythrocyte-ghost membranes from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and carriers of DMD were compared with activities of normal controls. The Ca2+-ATPase activity of DMD-patient ghost preparations was found to follow the same pattern of activation by Ca2+ as the control membranes. However, the Ca2+-ATPase activity in DMD and some DMD-carrier preparations was substantially elevated compared with controls. To characterize further the elevated Ca2+-ATPase activity found in DMD-patient ghost membrane preparations, we estimated kinetic parameters using both fine adjustment and weighting methods to analyse our experimental data. It was established that in both DMD and DMD-carrier preparations the increase in Ca2+-ATPase activity was reflected by a significant increase in Vmax. rather than by any change in Km. The response of the membrane Ca2+-ATPase activity to changes in temperature was also investigated. In all preparations a break in the Arrhenius plot occurred at 20 degrees C, and in DMD and DMD-carrier preparations an elevated Ca2+-ATPase activity was detected at all temperatures. Above 20 degrees C the activation energy for all types of preparation was the same, whereas below this temperature there appeared to be an elevated activation in DMD and DMD-carrier preparations compared with normal controls. The concept that a generalized alteration in the physicochemical nature of the membrane lipid domain may be responsible for the many abnormal membrane properties reported in DMD is discussed.
Comparison between SiC- and Si-Based Inverters for Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems (2017)

100-W class power storage systems were developed, which comprised spherical Si solar cells, a maximum power point tracking charge control-ler, a lithium-ion battery, and one of two different types of direct current (DC)-alter- nating current (AC) converters. One inverter used SiC met-al-oxide-semicon-ductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) as switching devices while the other used Si MOSFETs. In these 100-W class inverters, the ON resistance was considered to have little influence on the efficiency. Nevertheless, the SiC-based inverter exhibited an approximately 3% higher DC-AC conversion efficiency than the Si-based inverter. Power loss analysis indicated that the higher efficiency resulted predominantly from lower switching and reverse recovery losses in the SiC MOSFETs compared with in the Si MOSFETs.