gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel mosquito feeding system for routine blood-feeding of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. (2012)

A novel mosquito feeding system for routine blood-feeding of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus was developed and evaluated. The system consisted of a collagen membrane casing filled with specific pathogen free (SPF) mini-pig blood, which is warmed by a simple in-house designed heating device. Blood feeding rate, fecundity, survival rate and hatchability of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus colonies maintained by the feeding system were compared with those raised by conventional guinea pig feeding method. Aedes aegypti, displayed a significant difference in the feeding rate when offered blood meal using the membrane feeding (85.3%) and the guinea pig feeding (96.2%) methods (P=0.012). Though the feeding rate was reduced, the level was acceptable for maintenance of laboratory colonies. There was no significant difference in the fecundity (P=0.556), survival rate (P=0.715), and hatchability (P=0.932) between the two methods. For Ae. albopictus, the two feeding methods yielded no significant difference for the three parameters (fecundity, survival rate and hatchability=0.887, 0.580 and 0.564, respectively). Hence, we conclude that this simple collagen based membrane blood feeding system can be used for routine colonization of laboratory strains of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus.
Drug resistance in hematologic malignancies (2001)

Drug resistance eventually occurs in most hematologic malignancies treated with chemotherapy. The mechanisms responsible for drug resistance include expression of transporters of xenobiotics of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette protein superfamily (P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance associated proteins, breast cancer resistance protein), modifications of enzymes like deoxycytidine kinase, and defects in chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. The efforts to overcome this drug resistance have been focused, thus far, on modulation of P-glycoprotein. Several compounds were manufactured for this purpose, and phase III trials of PSC833, one of the most potent P-glycoprotein inhibitors, are completed. The emergence of modulators with several adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette protein targets, like GG120918 (inhibiting P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein) and VX710 (inhibiting P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance associated protein 1), are of clinical interest in malignancies often expressing several efflux pumps simultaneously. Another approach is the use of "furtive" drugs like liposomal or nanoparticular anthracyclines.
SWISSMETRO: Combined Propulsion with Levitation and Guidance (2004)

Swissmetro is a MAGLEV Project between the main cities of Switzerland, designed for a speed up to 500 [km/h] in two tunnels under partial vacuum. Two propulsion variants are considered:- the short stators of the linear homopolar motors are fixed with the tunnel tracks;- the stator of the motors is on board of the vehicles. The levitation, the guidance and the transfer of energy are independent. The authors investigate the possibilities to combine the propulsion with the levitation and the guidance. Polarized inductors for the levitation and the guidance are studied. The electromechanical component designs are presented, considering the specificity of the tunnel partial vacuum. 1
Construction and Expression of Single-Chain Antibody Derived from a New Clone of Monoclonal Antibody Against Human CD14 in CHO Cells (2007)

Our aim was to construct the eukaryotic expressional system of single-chain antibody (ScFv(2F9)) derived from a new clone of monoclonal antibody named ZCH-7-2F9 against human CD14 antigen, and to obtain the ScFv(2F9) protein with a high biological activity for further studies on ScFv(2F9) immunotoxin and other kinds of genetically engineered antibodies. Primers were synthesized according to the gene sequence of ScFv(2F9), 4 tandem glysines and 1 serine (Gly4Ser)3 linker and multiple cloning site(MCS) of pSectag2A vector, which included SfiI and EcoRI enzyme cleaving site, 6 x His and stop code TGA sequences. ScFv(2F9) gene was amplified through splicing by overlap extension (SOE) using the high fidelity Taq polymerase. Then the gene was cloned to pGEM-T easy and pSectag2A vectors. Positive recombinants (pSectag2A/ScFv(2F9)) were identified through enzyme cleaving and sequenced before expression. The recombinant plasmids were transfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells for expression. The relative molecular weight (MW) and the binding activity of the interesting protein were determined by SDS-PAGE, Western-blot and flow cytometry (FCM), respectively. The scFv(2F9) V(H) is a member of the IgH gene family V(1) subgroup and the scFv(2F9) V(L) gene belongs to the Ig(kappa) gene family V(10) subgroup. The recombined ScFv(2F9) gene was identified to be functional by sequencing and expressing. The interesting protein could be detected in the culture supernatant of transformed CHO cells with a MW of 31 kDa. The blocking test showed that the positive cell percentages, the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and the peak of channel (peak Ch) were reduced by 90.02%, 63.3%and 63.38%, respectively after blockage of ScFv(2F9). The ScFv(2F9) gene was cloned and the interest protein against human CD14 antigen has been successfully expressed in eukaryotic cells with a high biological activity, which lays the foundation for further studies on its immunotoxin and other kinds of engineered antibodies.
PAX4 Enhances Beta-Cell Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2008)

Constitutive expression of Pax4 in HESC substantially enhances their propensity to form putative beta-cells. Our findings provide a novel foundation to study the mechanism of pancreatic beta-cells differentiation during early human development and to help evaluate strategies for the generation of purified beta-cells for future clinical applications.
Reconstitution of maltose transport in Escherichia coli: conditions affecting import of maltose-binding protein into the periplasm of calcium-treated cells (1983)

The reconstitution of active transport by the Ca2+ -induced import of exogenous binding protein was studied in detail in whole cells of a malE deletion mutant lacking the periplasmic maltose-binding protein. A linear increase in reconstitution efficiency was observed by increasing the Ca2+ - concentration in the reconstitution mixture up to 400 mM. A sharp pH optimum around pH 7.5 was measured for reconstitution. Reconstitution efficiency was highest at 0 degree C and decreased sharply with increasing temperature. The time necessary for optimal reconstitution at 0 degree C and 250 mM Ca2+ was about 1 min. The competence for reconstitution was highest in exponentially growing cultures with cell densities up to 1 X 10(9)/ml and declined when the cells entered the stationary-growth phase. The apparent Km for maltose uptake was the same as that of wild-type cells (1 to 2 microM). Vmax at saturating maltose-binding protein concentration was 125 pmol per min per 7.5 X 10(7) cells (30% of the wild-type activity). The concentration of maltose-binding protein required for half-maximal reconstitution was about 1 mM. The reconstitution procedure appears to be generally applicable. Thus, galactose transport in Escherichia coli could also be reconstituted by its respective binding protein. Maltose transport in E. coli was restored by maltose-binding protein isolated from Salmonella typhimurium. Finally, in S. typhimurium, histidine transport was reconstituted by the addition of shock fluid containing histidine-binding protein to a hisJ deletion mutant lacking histidine-binding protein. The method is fast and general enough to be used as a screening procedure to distinguish between transport mutants in which only the binding protein is affected and those in which additional transport components are affected.
AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT: AIR CARRIERS (1970)

of "working conditions.""These contracts are supported by ample considerations and govern employment rights, 0 including age."The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) is likewise unconcerned with discharges based on age. 1 " The term "other conditions of employment," is sufficiently broad to cover retirement age in the collective bargaining contract. 3 Litigation has arisen under the NLRA where an employer was discharged for age when the true reason was union hostility, 4 and where seniority clauses had been violated."States have been keenly aware of age problems within their labor forces.Studies have been conducted, revealing these problems.Many employers have felt older workers increased their pension costs, 1 and accordingly, give excuses for discriminating, including promotion from within, 1 outdated skills, poor education, training costs, reduced efficiency and physical capacity."For example, in one case, workmen's compensation was awarded a 33 year old who suffered a heart attack."Heart attack probability arises with age and increases insurance costs."'Other employers regard their older employees highly, characterizing them as productive, dependable, loyal, stable and valued assets of the firm:Yet if these same employees were for some reason suddenly to become unemployed, they would experience difficulty in becoming re-employed by artificial barriers based on the theory that they do not possess the same qualities for which they were appreciated only a short time before."However, tests have shown performance variations more related to individuals than age as a group.'New York attempted a legislative solution to age discrimination in the 1930's which proved largely ineffective due to broad exemptions' and liberal court interpretations. 4As of 1965, 23 states and Puerto Rico passed age discrimination legislation.These statutes commonly protect those between the ages 40-65" and prohibit discharge, refusal to hire and employment terms based on age."Most exempt certain classes of employment but include labor unions and employment agencies within their 'Goodin v.
Vitamin B 12 Requirement for the Growth of Trichomonas vaginalis In vitro (1985)

amintinus collected in Los Angeles Co., California (Doran and Jahn, 1952, Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 71: 93-101). The incidence of infection for Dipodomys in our survey was quite low, only 8 of 102 (8%) of the kangaroo rats examined were infected. Vance and Duszynski (1985, Journal of Parasitology, in press) suggest that the incidence of coccidial infections may be in part dependent on the environment in which the hosts are found. In the present study, all of the Dipodomys species infected with Coccidia were captured in a relatively hydric environment. Those kangaroo rat species that were uninfected were from more xeric environments, indicating agreement with Vance and Duszynski's suggestion. Of the 8 species of kangaroo rats examined, 2 were collected in sympatry; D. elephantinus and D. heermanni from San Benito Co. Since both species contained only unsporulated oocysts it was not possible to determine if their coccidian parasites were the same. However, there was only 1 oocyst morpho-type found in the 2 species. These oocysts were ellipsoid in shape and contained a single-layered wall (1.0 MAm). The mean oocyst dimensions were 26.7 x 18.2 gm. Based on these data and on photographs, the unsporulated oocysts resembled Eimeria mohavensis, TABLE I. Coccidians recovered from 8 species of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys) from California.
현생저서유공충의 (現生底棲有孔蟲) 개체수와 생 (生) 대 전체 비율의 의미 (1988)

There are two suggestions related to the occurrence of Recent benthic foraminifera. One is that the live-to-total(L/T) ratios indicate the relative rate of sedimentation, and the other that total(live plus dead) foraminiferal abundance mainly depends on the degree of dilution by sediments. The correlations between these two foraminiferal indications were obtained from various faunal results from the intertidal flats of Yellow Sea through Malay Archipelago deep sea to Canadian shores. In most environments, an increase in L/T ratios correlates with a decrease in total foraminiferal abundance. In deep sea or semi-enclosed bays (California offshore; Todos Santos Bay, Baja California; Matsushima Bay, NE Japan; St. Margarets Bay, SE Nova Scotia; intertidal flat of Gwangyang Bay, Korea), a negative substantial correlation is noted. In shallow or other deep sea environments, this negative correlation becomes definite but small, or almost negligible. In contrast, a positive correlation is noted in the intertidal flats of Asan Bay and around Yongyu and Great Mui Islands, Korea. The above-mentioned various relationships between L/T ratios and foraminiferal abundance show that these two foraminiferal indications are not necessarily related to sedimentation. Foraminiferal occurrence is related to the factor such as foraminiferal ecology, and biological, physico-chemical and geological factors, whose detailed relationships still need to be resolved.
Configurable Filter-Based Endpoint Detection in DMZI Vibration System (2014)

In order to accurately determine the vibration starting point of a disturbance frame in the dual Mach-Zehnder interferometry vibration system, this letter proposes a novel endpoint detection method based on convolution window filtering. Through analyzing the fast Fourier transform spectrum of the undisturbed noise, we can acquire the cutoff frequency parameter to configure one high-pass filter to remove the noise, which mainly consists of low-frequency components. Then, the time instant corresponding to the vibration starting point can be detected through applying a thresholding search to the output of the high-pass filter. Experiments show that the proposed detection method outperforms the wavelet-based method. Hence, the proposed detection method has wide application values for its high precision, flexibility, and reliability.
Solution of the Field Problem of the Germanium Gyrator (1954)

A mathematical solution is obtained of a two-dimensional boundary-value problem involving flow of electricity in a solid when Hall effect is present, it being assumed that only one type of carrier is involved and that there is no surface recombination. The solution is used to calculate the efficiency of a Hall-effect ``gyrator,'' a four-terminal circuit element which violates the reciprocity law, as function of relative electrode size, shape of boundary, and magnetic field strength. It is also shown how corrections must be applied in measurements of Hall voltage and magnetoresistance in short samples. Some of the results have been checked experimentally with fields up to 22 000 gauss. The calculations have been carried out for much higher fields as well and should prove useful in studies of materials such as indium antimonide which have higher mobilities than germanium.
Charge-transfer complexes of linear polymers (1962)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Allosteric Interactions Governing Oxygen Equilibria in the Haemoglobin System of the Spiny Dogfish, <i>Squalus Acanthias</i> (1983)

The oxygenation-linked, allosteric interactions of erythrocytic organic phosphates and urea with the haemoglobin (Hb), and the functional significance of the Hb multiplicity, were studies in an elasmobranch, Squalus acanthias. The autochthonous red cell nucleoside triphosphates (NTP) ATP and GTP (guanosine triphosphate) strongly depress O2 affinity of the stripped (cofactor-free) Hb and increase cooperativity in O2 binding. As previously found in teleost Hbs, GTP exerts a greater effect than ATP at the same concentration. Urea, in contrast, increases O2 affinity and depresses cooperativity. It also antagonizes the modulator effectivity of NTP at physiological NTP/Hb concentration ratios. Deoxygenation of the Hb raises blood pH. This Haldane effect contrasts with earlier findings for Pacific specimens, but accords with the presence of a Bohr effect (phi = delta log P50/delta pH). S. acanthias Hb resolves into six main components (three pairs) on the basis of isoelectric point. There is no evidence for radical functional differentiation as found in teleosts with electrophoretically anodal and cathodal Hb components. The physiological implications of the findings and the possible molecular mechanisms basic to the NTP and urea effects are discussed.
Automatic Brake Control for Trucks - What Good is It? (1968)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A review of benefits to be gained by automatically controlling the slip properties of truck tires indicates that up to 40% shorter stops and complete jackknife control when braking is possible. A simple all-mechanical device is described for use with air brakes which, from the data, shows 7-30% shorter stops, no tire degradation, and full steering control. Data is presented from full sized semi-trailer truck skid tests.</div>
3D navigation and collision avoidance for a non-holonomic vehicle (2008)

This paper expands the methodology of Navigation Functions for the control of a spherical aircraft-like 3- dimensional nonholonomic vehicle. A Dipolar Navigation Function is used to generate a feasible, non-holonomic trajectory for the vehicle that leads from an arbitrary position to the target, in combination with a discontinuous feedback control law that steers the vehicle. The motion model used incorporates the nonholonomic constraints imposed on an aircraft, preventing any movement along the lateral or perpendicular axis, as well as preventing high yaw rotation rates. The control strategy provides guaranteed collision avoidance and convergence, and is supported by non-trivial simulation results.
Straightening out the renal tubule: advances in the molecular basis of the inherited tubulopathies (1998)

Advances in the molecular genetics of inherited renal tubulopathies have allowed some insight into the normal mechanisms of tubular cation and anion reabsorption. It is now possible to view Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's syndrome and pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 as having genetic abnormalities which produce tubular defects that are similar to those induced by the pharmacological actions of loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics or potassium-sparing diuretics, respectively. Although these rare monogenic disorders with dramatic phenotypes seem to have little relevance to everyday clinical practice, it is possible that subtle abnormalities of the regulation of the ENaCs may play a role in low-renin forms of 'essential' hypertension. Similarly, subtle abnormalities in the function of the electroneutral sodium-(potassium)-chloride cotransporters (NKCC2 and NCCT) and the renal CLC-type chloride channels (CLC5) may be major determinants of urinary calcium excretion with roles in the pathogenesis of 'idiopathic' hypercalciuria and osteoporosis. Because of the intricate and diverse molecular mechanisms by which tubular reabsorption of water and solutes takes place in each different nephron segment, it is likely that other renal channels and transporters will be implicated in the pathogenesis of further monogenic disorders, and that these will allow additional insights into tubular functioning. Recent studies have demonstrated that in addition to abnormalities in the NKCC2 and ROMK1 genes, mutations at a third genetic locus can also cause Bartter's syndrome. Linkage studies, followed by mutational analyses have found deletions and point mutations in the gene encoding one of the TAL-specific chloride channels, CLCKB, in 17 Bartter's families. This chloride channel is similar in structure to CLC5, and is located on the long arm of chromosome 1. Importantly, there appears to be a phenotypic difference between subjects with Bartter's syndrome due to CLCKB abnormalities and those with NKCC2 or ROMK1 mutations. Despite the fact that all of these Bartter's patients had significant hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis was not found in any of the 17 subjects with CLCKB mutations, compared to 19 of 20 patients with NKCC2 or ROMK1 mutations. These findings have also demonstrated a key role for CLCKB as a major basolateral chloride channel involved in mTAL sodium and chloride reabsorption (Figure 2).
Irinotecan plus 5-FU and leucovorin in advanced colorectal cancer: North American trials. (1998)

But fluorouracil (5-FU) and irinotecan (CPT-11 [Camptosar]) have shown activity in metastatic colorectal cancer and are approved for its treatment in the United States. Preclinical experiments in cell cultures and human tumor xenografts have indicated potential synergy when irinotecan is combined with 5-FU and leucovorin. The synergy appears to be sequence-dependent and is optimal when irinotecan exposure precedes 5-FU exposure by at least 24 hours. Four North American trials have been reported in which the three drugs were used together in either simultaneous, sequential, or alternating schedules. All three schedules showed activity in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The concern that diarrhea, which can be a dose-limiting toxicity with both irinotecan and 5-FU, would prevent the two drugs from being combined in reasonable doses has not proven to be a clinical issue. Phase III trials comparing the combination of the three drugs in a variety of schedules against 5-FU plus leucovorin alone are currently under way or in the planning stages.
Low-Dose Aspirin for Prevention of Morbidity and Mortality From Preeclampsia: A Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (2014)

Daily low-dose aspirin beginning as early as the second trimester prevented clinically important health outcomes. No harms were identified, but long-term evidence was limited.
Demo: Dead Reckoning for Monte Carlo Localization in Low Seed Density Scenarios (2016)

In this work we present a dead reckoning approach called Sensor-Assisted Monte Carlo Localization (SA-MCL) to account for low seed density situations in localization for mobile sensor networks. Our approach is based on using additional sensor information from a standard IMU device. It is evaluated in a mobile sensor network testbed based on radiocontrolled cars. The demo complements our full paper which describes our localization solution in detail.
A theory of biological relativity: no privileged level of causation (2011)

Must higher level biological processes always be derivable from lower level data and mechanisms, as assumed by the idea that an organism is completely defined by its genome? Or are higher level properties necessarily also causes of lower level behaviour, involving actions and interactions both ways? This article uses modelling of the heart, and its experimental basis, to show that downward causation is necessary and that this form of causation can be represented as the influences of initial and boundary conditions on the solutions of the differential equations used to represent the lower level processes. These insights are then generalized. A priori, there is no privileged level of causation. The relations between this form of 'biological relativity' and forms of relativity in physics are discussed. Biological relativity can be seen as an extension of the relativity principle by avoiding the assumption that there is a privileged scale at which biological functions are determined.