gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative fractures of the femur in prosthetic hip reimplantations. (1998)

A total of 19 cases of intraoperative fractures of the femoral diaphysis occurring during prosthetic hip reimplantation are described. Incidence, predisposing factors, treatment, and influence on long-term results are discussed. The pre-existence of osteolysis or narrowing of the femoral cortex, often associated with primary cemented implantation with a metal-polyethylene combination, constitutes a factor that predisposes the patient to fracture. Fracture consolidation occurs in most cases with minimum treatment, at times without instrumentation; fracture, however, always means a delay in weight-bearing and a slowing down in recovery times. Long-term clinical evaluation shows functional results that are worse for reimplantations complicated by fracture as compared to those where there are no complications. The differences in the radiographic results instead do not reveal statistical significance.
The liquid‐filled stomach – an ultrasonic window to the upper abdomen (1978)

An ultrasonic window to the upper abdomen is creasted by (a) filling the fasting stomach with methylcellulose suspension, (b) administering glucagon intravenously, and (c) examining the patient prone. Glucagon relaxes the gastric musculature and the prone position allows the stomach gas to rise to the fundus. This enables assessment of the relationships of the stomach to adjacent structures and permits display of structures forming the stomach bed. The equipment used was a commercially available water-delay system with wide-aperture focused transducers. The system gives good resolution and allows the gastric musculature to be distinguished from the mucosa and its overlying mucus.
Phenolic constituents from the rhizomes of<b><i>Gastrodia elata</i></b> (2007)

Gastrodia elata Bl. (Orchidaceae) is an important traditional medicinal plant as well as a famous foodstuff in China. In the present article, the HPLC chromatograms of different preparation processes were reported, and structures of nine phenolic compounds, isolated from Gastrodia elata, were assigned. The isolated compounds were identified as 1,3-bis(4-hydroxybenzyl)citrate (1), gastrodin (2), 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (3), 1-(4-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl)citrate (4), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5), parishin B (6), 4-hydroxybenzyl methyl ether (7), 4-hydroxybenzyl ethyl ether (8), and 4-(4'-hydroxybenzyl)phenol (9). Compounds 1 and 4, named as parishin D and E, were new. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analyses, including 2D NMR spectroscopy.
Statistical estimation of internal available bandwidth (2008)

This paper presents a method for using end-to-end available bandwidth measurements in order to estimate available bandwidth on individual internal links. The basic approach is to use a power transform on the observed end-to-end measurements, model the result as a mixture of spatially correlated exponential random variables, carryout estimation by moment methods, then transform back to the original variables to get estimates and confidence intervals for the expected available bandwidth on each link. Because spatial dependence leads to certain parameter confounding, only upper bounds can be found reliably. Simulations with ns2 show that the method can work well and that the assumptions are approximately valid in the examples.
A Real-time EMG-based Assistive Computer Interface for the Upper Limb Disabled (2007)

This paper presents the design of an assistive real-time system for the upper limb disabled to access a computer via residual muscle activities without standard computer interfaces (e.g. a mouse and a keyboard). For this purpose, electromyogram (EMG) signals from muscles in the lower arm were extracted and filtered using signal statistics (mean and variance). In order to control movement and clicking of a cursor from the obtained signals, six patterns were classified, applying a supervised multi-layer neural network trained by a backpropagation algorithm. In addition, an on-screen keyboard was developed, making it possible to enter Roman and Korean letters on the computer. Using this computer interface, the user can browse the Internet and read/send e-mail. The developed computer interface provides an alternative means for individuals with motor disabilities to access computers. A possible extension of our interface methodology can be incorporated in controlling bionic robot systems for the limb disabled (e.g. exoskeletons, limb prostheses).
ALGORITHMIC GRAPH THEORY (1986)

By Alan Gibbons: pp. 259. £27.50/£8.95; US$47.50/US$17.95.(Cambridge University Press, 1985).
Characterization of K+ currents and the cAMP-dependent modulation in cultured Drosophila mushroom body neurons identified by lacZ expression (1995)

Electrophysiological analysis of cultured neurons provides a potential approach toward understanding the physiological defects that may contribute to abnormal behavior exhibited by mutants of the fruit fly Drosophila. However, its application has been restricted by an inability to identify a particular functional or anatomical subpopulation of neurons from the CNS. To study neurons composing the CNS mushroom body proposed as a center for insect olfactory learning, we utilized a Drosophila enhancer detector line that expresses a lacZ reporter gene in these neurons and identified them in acutely dissociated larval CNS cultures by vital fluorescent staining. The patch-clamp analysis suggests that whole-cell voltage-activated K+ currents can be classified into two types in identified mushroom body neurons. Type 1 current comprises a TEA-sensitive slowly inactivating current and noninactivating component while type 2 current contains a 4-AP-sensitive transient A-current and a noninactivating component. Application of cAMP analogs induced distinct modulation of type 1 and type 2 currents. Our results demonstrate that the expression of the lacZ gene and the subsequent staining do not significantly alter the different types of K+ currents. This initial characterization provides a basis for further analysis of mutations that impair learning and memory resulting from an abnormal cAMP cascade preferentially expressed in the mushroom body.
Successful Treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Recurrent Genital Infection with Recombinant Human (RH) Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF): A Case Report (1997)

In the present work, we describe the treatment with rhGM-CSF of a woman affected by HSV recurrent genital infection and not responsive to specific antiviral therapy. The therapeutic regimen consisted of a subcutaneous administration of 300 mg/day of rhGM-CSF for six days. Before treatment with rhGM-CSF, polymorphonuclear cell and monocyte functional capacities and the antibacterial activity exerted by T cells were profoundly depressed. After treatment, a normalization of immune functions and a progressive disappearance of clinical manifestations were observed.
Magnetic properties of new (NP) hydrothermal particles (1984)

A new type of uniaxial particles for magnetic recording whose precursors are produced via an original hydrothermal process was recently introduced in the market. The characterizing feature of these materials is their extremely uniform size and ellipsoidal shape. Most of their properties can be ascribed to the lack of external (pores, dendrites, sharp edges) as well as internal (because of ellipsoidal shape) - self-demagnetizing sources, which suggests the name of "Non-Polar (NP)" particles. As a result of this morphology, they show unique magnetic properties. The magnetization reversal mechanism is not accounted for by any known mechanism as fanning or curling and the rotational hysteresis gives very sharp W <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> vs. H curves with the lowest values for the integral ever measured for particulate media. The behaviour of coercivity versus packing fraction for Cobalt-surface-modified NP particles is described by a new "constricted magnetization" model. The reasons for these unique characteristics and the practical impact that these materials may have in the field of magnetic recording are discussed.
On the kinematics of remotely-actuated continuum robots (2002)

Over the past several years, there has been a rapidly expanding interest in the study and construction of a new class of robot manipulators which utilize high degree of freedom, or continuous, backbone structures. In this paper, we consider and illustrate some basic properties of a class of "hyper-redundant" robots, known as "continuum" robots. We base our analysis around remotely-driven, tendon-actuated manipulators, such as the Rice/Clemson "Elephant's Trunk". We discuss such issues as the kinematic model, the relationship between tendon lengths and bending, and desirable design constraints for continuum robot mechanisms.
Safety nets in transition economics : toward a reform strategy (1999)

This paper reviews the role of safety nets in transition economies within the context of a social risk management framework. The report discusses the objectives of safety nets, the legacyof pre-transition programs, developments during the transition period, strategic choices facing countries, and the operational experience and strategy of the World Bank. The report finds that across the region, further dialogue and analysis is needed. Effective safety net programs that meet the changing needs of vulnerable groups are critical for the success of the transition in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia. While important changes have taken place, there is a need to raise the profile of safety net policies both within ECA countries and at the World Bank.
Iterative Methods for Linear and Nonlinear Equations (1995)

No wananties, express or implied, are made by the publisher, aathors and their employers that the programs eontained in this volmoe are free of error.They s~ouidnotbe ndied on as the sole basis to solve a problem whose incorrect solution conld result in injury to person or property.Ifthepeograimsareemployedinsuchamanner,itisattheuser's ownriskandtbepublisher, author, and their employers disclaim all liability for such misuse.
Depolarization of white light by a birefringent crystal II The Lyot depolarizer (1982)

An earlier paper [ S. Lu A. P. Loeber , J. Opt. Soc. Am.65, 248– 251 ( 1975)] investigated the depolarization of white light on passage through a birefringent crystal because of the unequal phase retardation of different wavelengths. Assuming the incident light to be completely polarized with the spectral-power distribution of a blackbody, the degree of polarization remaining after passage through various crystal thicknesses was determined. This paper extends the result of the earlier study to an analysis of the Lyot depolarizer. Earlier work by Billings [ J. Opt. Soc. Am.41, 966– 975 ( 1941)] considered the general case of two crystal retardation plates of different retardances and orientations to determine what requirements the plates must meet in order to act as a depolarizer. Billings assumed the intensity of the incident light to be independent of wavelength. Despite the different assumptions regarding the spectral-power distribution of the incident light, our investigation agrees with Billings’s conclusions that (1) the crystal retardances of both crystals must be large, (2) the crystal retardances cannot be equal, and (3) the angle between the crystal axes must be 45° for the combination of plates to act as a depolarizer. An additional conclusion by Billings, that the ratio of the two retardances must be an integral, is not indicated by our analysis. Results of our analysis are in qualitative agreement with the experimental work carried out by Billings on several modifications of the usual Lyot depolarizer configuration.
Delocalization of γ-tubulin due to increased solubility in human breast cancer cell lines (2010)

The centrosome is the major organelle responsible for the nucleation and organization of microtubules into arrays. Recent studies demonstrate that microtubules can nucleate outside the centrosome. The molecular mechanisms controlling acentrosomal microtubule nucleation are currently poorly defined, and the function of this type of microtubule regulation in tumor cell biology is particularly unclear. Since microtubule nucleation is initiated by the gamma-tubulin protein, we examined the regulation of gamma-tubulin in a panel of human breast tumor cell lines, ranging from non-tumorigenic to highly aggressive. We have identified a more dispersive subcellular localization of gamma-tubulin in aggressive breast cancer cell lines, while gamma-tubulin localization remains largely centrosomal in non-aggressive cell lines. Delocalization of gamma-tubulin occurs independently from changes in protein expression and is therefore regulated at the post-translational level. Subcellular fractionation revealed that tumor cell lines show an aberrantly increased release of gamma-tubulin into a soluble cytoplasmic fraction, with the most dramatic changes observed in tumor cell lines of greater aggressiveness. Extraction of soluble gamma-tubulin revealed acentrosomal incorporation of gamma-tubulin in cytoplasmic microtubules and along cell junctions. Moreover, acentrosomal delocalization of gamma-tubulin yielded resistance to colchicine-mediated microtubule collapse. These findings support a model where the solubility of gamma-tubulin can be altered through post-translational modification and provides a new mechanism for microtubule dysregulation in breast cancer. Gamma-tubulin that is delocalized from the centrosome can still clearly be incorporated into filaments, and defines a novel mechanism for tumor cells to develop resistance to microtubule-targeted chemotherapies.
All in the family: ownership and management options for private trust companies (2013)

The author addresses the development and growing use of private trust companies (PTCs) by high net-worth persons and their families for estate-planning purposes, and discusses three options for the ownership and management of these ‘family office’ structures. The article explores direct ownership and management of the PTC by the client and indirect ownership using a purpose trust, which is the most popular method and concludes by introducing a new approach utilizing a Nevis multiform foundation.
Influence of Manufacturing Process and Alloying Element Content on the Tribomechanical Properties of Cobalt-Based Alloys (2008)

Manufacturing process routes of materials can be adapted to manipulate their microstructure and hence their tribological performance. As industrial demands push the applications of tribological materials to harsher environments of higher stress, starved lubrication, and improved life performance, manufacturing processes can be tailored to optimize their use in particular engineering applications. The aim of this paper was therefore to comprehend the structure-property relationships of a wear resistant cobalt-based alloy (Stellite 6) produced from two different processing routes of powder consolidated hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) and casting. This alloy had a nominal wt % composition of Co–28Cr–4.5W–1C, which is commonly used in wear related applications in harsh tribological environments. However, the coarse carbide structure of the cast alloy results in higher brittleness and lower toughness. Hence this research was conducted to comprehend if carbide refinement, caused by changing the processing route to HIPing, could improve the tribomechanical performance of this alloy. Microstructural and tribomechanical evaluations, which involved hardness, impact toughness, abrasive wear, sliding wear, and contact fatigue performance tests, indicated that despite the similar abrasive and sliding wear resistance of both alloys, the HIPed alloy exhibited an improved contact fatigue and impact toughness performance in comparison to the cast counterpart. This difference in behavior is discussed in terms of the structure-property relationships. Results of this research indicated that the HIPing process could provide additional impact and fatigue resistance to this alloy without compromising the hardness and the abrasive/sliding wear resistance, which makes the HIPed alloy suitable for relatively higher stress applications. Results are also compared with a previously reported investigation of the Stellite 20 alloy, which had a much higher carbide content in comparison to the Stellite 6 alloy, caused by the variation in the content of alloying elements. These results indicated that the fatigue resistance did not follow the expected trend of the improvement in impact toughness. In terms of the design process, the combination of hardness, toughness, and carbide content show a complex interdependency, where a 40% reduction in the average hardness and 60% reduction in carbide content had a more dominating effect on the contact fatigue resistance when compared with an order of magnitude improvement in the impact toughness of the HIPed Stellite 6 alloy.
Physical Characteristics of E.A.F. Steel-making Slag (1996)

The slag discharged from the E.A.F. Steel-making company I. contains ;~ppraxim;rtely 21% iron. 8% of the lron arccovered from the slag by hand-picking and lnagrlctlc scparatians. 13% af the unrecovered iron rrorn slag is discarded orused for roadbed and reclamation utilization. While most of tllz onrzc
Hyperventilation-induced changes in periodic oscillations in forehead skin blood flow measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. (1987)

Rhythmic oscillations in forehead skin blood flow were studied with the laser Doppler technique in thirteen healthy subjects. During voluntary hyperventilation, a three-fold increase in relative amplitude of the spontaneous rhythmic oscillations in forehead skin blood flow was observed, whereas mean blood flow decreased by 15%. During hyperventilation, the relative amplitude of the oscillations was on average 36% of the mean blood flow value. The mean incidence of the oscillations increased significantly, from 68% of the measuring time before, to 96% of the measuring time during hyperventilation. The oscillation frequency was not affected by hyperventilation. Before, during and after hyperventilation the average oscillation frequency was 0.140 Hz (8.4 min-1), 0.145 Hz (8.7 min-1) respectively. The application of heat or a local anaesthetic to the skin attenuated the relative amplitude of the oscillations in forehead skin blood flow during hyperventilation as well as before and after.
Mutation in mitochondrial complex I ND6 subunit is associated with defective response to hypoxia in human glioma cells. (2004)

Complex I ND subunits are mutational hot spots in tumor mtDNA. Genetic changes that alter Complex I structure and function may alter a cell's ability to respond to oxygen deficit and consolidate hypoxia rescue mechanisms, and may contribute to resistance to chemotherapeutic agents that require redox cycling for activation.
Risk factors and atherosclerotic lesions. A review of autopsy studies. (1983)

This review assesses the current status of knowledge concerning the relationship of risk factors to atherosclerotic lesions. Risk factors for atherosclerotic lesions per se need not necessarily be identical to those related to clinically overt coronary heart disease (CHD). This review is based on 1) autopsy studies where information risk factors was gathered in a retrospective fashion; and 2) autopsy studies where information on risk factors was gathered prospectively. In spite of differences in study designs and grading methods among the studies, the general findings were similar. Elevated serum cholesterol and blood pressure are positively and significantly related to atherosclerotic lesions. High density lipoprotein cholesterol is inversely related to coronary and probably also to cerebral atherosclerosis. Almost all studies indicate a significant association between cigarette smoking and degree of aortic atherosclerosis; a positive relationship between smoking and coronary atherosclerosis is found between obesity or physical activity and the degree of atherosclerosis. Data from the Community Pathology Study in New Orleans indicate that the average extent of coronary atherosclerosis in a population may be subject to changes within a relatively short period of time; these changes might be expected to parallel changes in risk factors in the population.
Undersea and in the air: VR offers a thrill a minute (1995)

Virtual reality in public entertainment has been called a zero-billion dollar industry. For three or four years, we've read and heard a lot of hype about the potential profits in taking VR technology developed for the military and using it to make people smile. But as yet only a handful of companies have attempted to create systems that can generate profits as well as graphics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dye‐sensitized photodynamic inactivation of cells (1981)

Living cells may be modified in diverse ways by the combined action of visible light and photosensitizing molecules. The effects appear most frequently as disruptions of subcellular structure, changes in surface membrane function or inhibition of mitotic ability. This review concentrates on the four most thoroughly studied cell types--yeast cells, nerve cells, erythrocytes, and cultured tumor cells. Research on these cells indicates that potency of sensitization depends at least as much on the factors affecting an association between sensitizer and cell prior to illumination as on photochemical properties. While sensitizers which permeate may lead to altered DNA, it appears that surface membrane modification occurs simultaneously and may be critical in the inactivation mechanism. There is much circumstantial evidence suggesting that excited singlet molecular oxygen acts as an intermediate between photoexcited sensitizer and target alteration. Proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are all susceptible to photosensitized attack, but the correlation between cellular and molecular modification remains ill-defined. The use of the photodynamic process as a therapeutic technique, particularly in the treatment of malignant tumors, holds great promise, but awaits further research to develop greater selectivity of action.
Systematic Analysis of Stutter Percentages and Allele Peak Height and Peak Area Ratios at Heterozygous STR Loci for Forensic Casework and Database Samples (2004)

To assist the interpretation of STR DNA typing results from forensic casework samples containing mixtures, the range of heterozygous allele peak height and peak area ratios (HR) and stutter percentages (stutter %) for the loci comprised in the AmpFlSTR Profiler Plus (PP) kit were assessed on 468 database and 275 casework single source samples. Stutter % medians were similar for database and casework samples, ranging from 2% to 7%. The upper limit of the stutter value range was 16%, calculated as median +3 SD, although lower locus-specific values could be used. HR medians were 93 +/- 6.5% for database samples, 88 +/- 12% for casework samples. For casework samples, the maximum signal imbalance noted was 52%, calculated as median -3 SD. No significant difference was observed between peak height and peak area calculated values. This study shows the importance of selecting the proper reference database for the establishment of HR threshold values.
Ibalizumab, a CD4-specific mAb to inhibit HIV-1 infection. (2007)

Tanox Inc (under license from Biogen Idec, formerly Biogen Inc) is developing ibalizumab, an intravenous, humanized, monoclonal antibody specific for CD4, for the potential treatment of HIV infection. In August 2006, the FDA advised Tanox to conduct additional dose-finding studies, from which data could potentially be used in a BLA filing. Ibalizumab had reached phase II clinical trials; however, there are currently no ongoing clinical trials.