gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Portal Vein and Kidney Subcapsule as Sites for Primate Islet Autotransplantation (2008)

To date, the portal vein has been the primary site for clinical islet transplantation. Despite success, potential complications such as portal vein thrombosis still exist. The kidney subcapsule has been used successfully in rodent models of islet transplantation. We hypothesized that the kidney subcapsule as a site for islet transplantation in the nonhuman primate model would be as effective as the portal vein. Diabetes was induced in the primate Macaca fascicularis via a total pancreatectomy. Animals were kept under anesthesia during the isolation procedure. Islet isolation was performed using intraductal infusion with Liberase HI and mechanical digestion in the Ricordi chamber, and were purified using a continuous Ficoll gradient. Purified islets were autotransplanted either into the portal vein (n = 6) or the left kidney subcapsule (n = 5) of pancreatectomized animals. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed prior to pancreatectomy and 10 days following transplantation. Three animals underwent pancreatectomy and served as diabetic controls. Of the six animals receiving islets in the portal vein, one developed portal vein thrombosis. All remaining autotransplanted animals in this group remained normoglycemic with glucose-induced insulin secretion that was not different from that prior to pancreatectomy. Of the five animals undergoing transplantation into the kidney subcapsule, only one maintained normoglycemia and elicited insulin secretion in response to glucose stimulation. The other four animals remained hyperglycemic. We conclude that the portal vein is superior to the kidney subcapsule as a site for islet transplantation in nonhuman primates 10 days posttransplantation.
Induction of Ad4BP/SF-1, Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein, and Cytochrome P450scc Enzyme System Expression in Newly Established Human Granulosa Cell Lines<sup>1</sup> (1998)

We have established immortalized human granulosa cells by triple transfection of primary cells obtained from in vitro fertilization patients with SV40 DNA, Ha-ras oncogene, and a temperature sensitive (ts) mutant of the tumor suppressor gene p53 (p53val135). Forty-one clones were isolated, and their steroidogenic responses were analyzed. While all the cell lines proliferate rapidly and show only traces of progesterone production, upon stimulation with 50 microM of forskolin (FK), which elevates intracellular cAMP, they become steroidogenic as evidenced by progesterone production. The steroidogenic response of the cell lines was stable even after 20 generations and several cycles of freezing and thawing. A highly responsive cell line (HO-23) was further examined for characteristics of the steroidogenic response. Cells stimulated with FK and 8-Br-cAMP produced high levels of pregnenolone, progesterone, and 20alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20alpha-OH-progesterone) comparable with amounts produced by highly differentiated primary human granulosa-luteal cells. Hydrocortisone and dexamethasone highly augment the cAMP-stimulated progesterone production, whereas testosterone and PRL enhanced cAMP-induced progesterone synthesis only moderately. Estradiol, insulin-like growth factor I, and insulin showed no significant effect on cAMP-induced steroidogenesis. The phorbol ester TPA, and basic fibroblast growth factor, dramatically suppress cAMP-induced production of progesterone, whereas bovine corneal endothelial cell ECM (BCE/ECM) enhanced cAMP-induced progesterone and antagonized basic fibroblast growth factor suppression of cAMP-induced steroidogenesis. Steroidogenic factor 1 (Ad4BP/SF-1) was expressed in control cells, and its expression was augmented by FK, whereas the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein showed low expression in the nonstimulated cells but was clearly elevated upon cAMP stimulation and was slightly decreased by TPA in cAMP-stimulated cells. Expression of the electron carrier adrenodoxin (ADX), which is a part of the cytochrome P450scc enzyme system, was very low in nonstimulated cells but was dramatically elevated in FK- and 8-Br-cAMP-stimulated cells, whereas no reduction of ADX was evident in cells costimulated with FK and TPA. Immunocytochemical studies revealed a weak staining of ADX in mitochondria of nonstimulated cells and intensive staining in highly clustered mitochondria of FK- or 8-Br-cAMP-stimulated cells. Only moderate reduction in ADX staining was evident in cells costimulated with FK and TPA. These unique cell lines can provide a useful model for the investigation of induced steroidogenesis in human granulosa cells.
Marrying privacy law to information security (2006)

Unknowingly breaking privacy legislation is an overhanging concern. Some commentators including Bruce Schneier have declared that privacy is a luxury of a bygone era. Location-based services can pin down the whereabouts of your phone, PDA and car. With these new upcoming technologies, the need for privacy controls is increasing. Privacy has become an information security problem. Privacy means different things to different people so is difficult to specify in legislation. Confusion about data protection can lead to privacy breaches or the storage of unnecessary data. Research has stated that users should be able to control seven aspects of their private information knows as the seven Cs. They include the ability to authorise the use of personal information and the ability to indicate privacy preferences. Researchers Gunter at al advocate the use of Digital Rights Management to protect privacy. Privacy issues can be divided into collection, access and use. Breaches can occur during data collection, processing and dissemination. DRM would allow data owners to control the dissemination of their information. Violating privacy includes: breach of confidentiality, disclosure, secondary use, insecurity. If we can successfully codify privacy in a manner consistent with legal interpretations we may also be able to codify it to support software development and systems implementations that handle personal data. Robert Rowlingson surveys some privacy research. Privacy is a broad subject, encompassing a wide range of activities, and subtle legal issues. It is a much more complex concept than commonly recognized. This paper considers some recent publications which are helping to clarify our understanding of privacy. The work presented sheds light on how to harmonise real-world applications that use personal data, with legal structures which are the ultimate protectors of privacy. The research described could eventually help businesses, and developers of IT systems which increasingly embody privacy risks, to reflect privacy issues and provide appropriate information security counter-measures.
Single-flux-quantum pump based on a three-junction superconducting quantum interference device (2002)

We demonstrate the operation of a single-flux-quantum (SFQ) pump that is electromagnetically dual to the single-electron pump. The circuit is composed of a three-junction superconducting quantum interference device with three control lines. By applying two phase-shifted rf signals magnetically, the SFQ-pump transfers one SFQ per one cycle of the rf signals even at zero- and negatively-biased condition. The circuit was fabricated using a Nb/AlOx/Nb Josephson junction technology. When we fed rf signals of 4.5 GHz, we observed a Shapiro step crossing the zero-current axis. Periodic dependence of voltage at the zero-biasing state upon dc offset flux was also confirmed.
Proteoglycans and catabolic products of proteoglycans present in ligament (2005)

The aim of the present study was to characterize the proteoglycans and catabolic products of proteoglycans present in the tensile region of ligament and explant cultures of this tissue, and to compare these with those observed in the tensile region of tendon. Approx. 90% of the total proteoglycans in fresh ligament was decorin, as estimated by N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. Other species that were detected were biglycan and the large proteoglycans versican (splice variants V(0) and/or V1 and/or V2) and aggrecan. Approx. 23% of decorin detected in the matrix was degraded. Intact decorin and decorin fragments similar to those observed in the matrix that retained the N-terminus were also observed in the medium of ligament cultures. Intact biglycan core protein was detected in the matrix and medium of ligament cultures, and two fragments originating from the N-terminal region of biglycan were observed in the matrix of cultured ligament. Versican and versican fragments that retained the N-terminus of versican core protein were detected in fresh matrix and medium of tendon cultures. Approx. 42% of versican present in the fresh ligament was degraded. Aggrecan catabolites appearing in the culture medium were derived from aggrecanase cleavage of the core protein. An intact link protein and a degradation product from the N-terminal region of type XII collagen were also detected in the medium of the ligament explant.
Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bacteria to Carbenicillin, Cefoxitin, and Related Drugs (1975)

The agar dilution technique was used for determination of the bacteriostatic activity of carbenicillin, penicillin G, cefazolin, cephaloridine, cefoxitin, and cephalothin agaomst a variety of anaerobic bacteria. Carbenicillin showed a high level of activity at a concentration of smaller than or equal to 100 mug/ml; only five of 123 strains of Bacteroides fragilis, one strain of Bifidobacterium eriksonii, and one strain of Clostridium bifermentans were resistant to a concentration of larger than or equal to 100 mug/ml. Cefoxitin, a beta-lactamase-resistant drug, was highly active against B. fragilis and most other anaerobes at a concentration of smaller than or equal to 32 mug/ml; the exceptions were one strain of Bacteroides species and 13 of 28 strains of Clostridium species. The other cephalosporins were less active against B. fragilis but exhibited good activity against most of the other strains tested. Bactericidal concentrations of cefoxitin and cephalothin were determined for 51 selected strains by the broth dilution technique, and the activities of these drugs were compared with those of two other drugs (clindamycin and metronidazole) known to be very active against anaerobes. Metronidazole wasthe most consistently bactericidal of the four drugs tested for this activity.
Autocrine motility factor receptor is a marker for a distinct membranous tubular organelle. (1995)

Autocrine motility factor (AMF) is secreted by tumor cells and is capable of stimulating the motility of the secreting cells. In addition to being expressed on the cell surface, its receptor, AMF-R, is found within a Triton X-100 extractable intracellular tubular compartment. AMF-R tubules can be distinguished by double immunofluorescence microscopy from endosomes labeled with the transferrin receptor, lysosomes labeled with LAMP-2, and the Golgi apparatus labeled with beta-COP. AMF-R can also be separated from a LAMP-2 containing lysosomal fraction by differential centrifugation of MDCK cells and is found within a 100,000 g membrane pellet. By electron microscopic immunocytochemistry, AMF-R is localized predominantly to smooth vesicular and tubular membranous organelles as well as to a lesser extent to the plasma membrane and rough endoplasmic reticulum. AMF-R tubules have a variable diameter of 50-250 nm and can acquire an elaborate branched morphology. By immunofluorescence microscopy, AMF-R tubules are clearly distinguished from the calnexin labeled rough endoplasmic reticulum and AMF-R tubule expression is stable to extended cycloheximide treatment. The AMF-R tubule is therefore not a biosynthetic subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum. The tubular morphology of the AMF-R tubule is modulated by both the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. In a similar fashion to that described previously for the tubular lysosome and endoplasmic reticulum, the linear extension and peripheral cellular orientation of the AMF-R tubule are dependent on the integrity of the microtubule cytoskeleton. The AMF-R tubule may thus form part of a family of microtubule-associated tubular organelles.
High Yielding and Practical Synthesis of Rotaxanes by Acylative End-Capping Catalyzed by Tributylphosphine (1999)

Abstract A pseudorotaxane was prepared from dibenzo-24-crown-8 and a dibenzylammonium salt possessing dimethylphenyl and hydroxy groups at the both termini. Acylation of the pseudorotaxane by 3,5-dimethylbenzoic anhydride in the presence of tributylphosphine afforded corresponding rotaxane in 90% yield. Various rotaxanes were readily synthesized in excellent yields by this method.
Yin Yang 1 overexpression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is associated with B-cell transformation and tumor progression (2010)

Yin Yang 1 (YY1), a multifunctional transcription factor, has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of several cancer types. However, its role in hematological malignancies has not yet been fully investigated. In the present study, using computational methods, we showed that YY1 transcript levels were significantly increased in the high-grade lymphomas, including Burkitt's lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), compared with those of both low-grade lymphomas and normal B-cells. The significant increase in gene expression resulted in a significant increase also at protein level in three NHL cell lines. The association of YY1 expression with some clinical-pathological features in DLBCL showed a positive correlation between a high level of YY1 mRNA and high levels of BCL-6 protein. Moreover, by analyzing the large series of DLBCL in the Hummel dataset, we identified the transcription factor PAX-5 among the top 50 genes positively correlated with YY1. These findings are also supported by the biological network analysis in which the top network, with the highest score, associated with YY1 expression levels in DLBCL is cellular movement, hematological system development and function, and immune response. overall these data suggest that YY1 is involved in B cells transformation which gives rise to high-grade lymphomas through a dysregulation in the normal development of B cells affecting cell cycle and cellular motility.
Specification of x-ray mirrors in terms of system performance: a new twist to an old plot (2014)

In the early 1990’s [App. Opt. 32(19), 3344-531 (1993)], Church and Takacs pointed out that the specification of surface figure and finish of x-ray mirrors must be based on their performance in the beamline optical system. In the present work, we demonstrate the limitations of specification, characterization, and performance evaluation based on the totally statistical approach, including root-mean-square (rms) roughness and residual slope variation, evaluated over the spatial frequency bandwidths that are system specific, and a more refined statistical description of the surface morphology based on the power spectral density (PSD) distribution. We show that the limitations are fatal, especially, in the case of highly collimated coherent x-ray beams, like beams from X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs). The limitations arise due to the deterministic character of the surface profile data for a definite mirror, while the specific correlation properties of the surface are essential for the performance of the entire x-ray optical system. As a possible way to overcome the problem, we treat a method, suggested in [Opt. Eng. 51(4), 046501, 2012] and based on an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) modeling of the slope measurements with a limited number of parameters. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated with an example peculiar to the x-ray optical systems under design at the European XFEL.
SIGNIFICANCE OF CRYOPROFIBRIN IN FIBRINOGEN-FIBRIN CONVERSION (1962)

Fibrinogen altered by thrombin-catalyzed liberation of fibrinopeptide A was found to combine with native fibrinogen to form a cold-precipitable complex we have called "cryoprofibrin." The altered fibrinogen lacking fibrino-peptide A polymerized into fibrin, but not until conditions for equilibrium between its incorporation into both cryoprofibrin and fibrin were satisfied. At equilibrium, the concentration of cryoprofibrin was maintained at a threshold proportional to the concentration of fibrinogen. When the concentration of cryoprofibrin was below threshold, fibrin could be depolymerized and solubilized by fibrinogen with resultant formation of cryoprofibrin. Since threshold concentrations of cryoprofibrin appear necessary for precipitation of fibrin, the concentration of cryoprofibrin in plasma provides a basis for determining intravascular deposition of fibrin. Intravascular deposition of fibrin does not appear to occur normally in rabbits, because the concentration of cryoprofibrin in plasma from normal rabbits is far below the threshold for precipitation of fibrin. The applicability of cryoprofibrin as an indicator of fibrin deposition is demonstrated by the occurrence of levels of cryoprofibrin approaching the threshold for precipitation of fibrin in plasma from endotoxin-treated rabbits. The current concept that the fibrinogen molecule can dissociate into subunits can be used to explain the conversion of fibrinogen to cryoprofibrin. As one possibility, the two residues of fibrinopeptide A contained in fibrinogen may be located on two separate subunits of the molecule; cryoprofibrin is produced when one of these subunits is replaced by a subunit altered by loss of fibrinopeptide A. Recombination of native subunits with subunits altered by loss of A would counter dissociation of cryoprofibrin and inhibit polymerization of subunits lacking fibrinopeptide A. As an alternate mechanism, two residues of A may be liberated concurrently from a single subunit. Cryoprofibrin would then correspond to a fibrinogen molecule, containing a subunit with two residues of A, in combination with an altered molecule containing a subunit lacking two residues of A. Liberation of fibrinopeptide B did not contribute measurably to production of fibrin resulting from limited action of thrombin on rabbit fibrinogen. Both fibrin containing B but not A, and fibrin containing neither B nor A, as is produced by extensive action of thrombin, could be solubilized by fibrinogen. Thrombin, or another enzyme utilizing tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester as substrate, appeared reversibly to inhibit polymerization of fibrin containing fibrinopeptide B. This enzyme and fibrinogen were the only proteins appearing to inhibit polymerization in plasma from normal rabbits.
Attempts to detect high-frequency light oscillations in stellar atmospheres. (1951)

A little-used property of the multiplier photocell is its ability to detect very high-frequency light intensity oscillations. The response is linear up to approximately 100 megacycles per second where transit time effects become appreciable. If the output of the photocell is connected directly to the antenna terminals of a communications receiver, we have a simple means of detecting light oscillations at a given frequency. A multiplier cell exposed to a steady source will generate wide band noise. If the source is modulated at a given frequency, the output of a receiver tuned to that frequency will consist of response to the wide band noise plus response to the modulation. If the modulation is sharply peaked at any given frequency, the receiver response at that frequency will be quite sensitive to such modulation. Thus if a steady source is compared to one modulated at certain frequencies, a plot of receiver output as a function of frequency will show marked differences in the two cases. Because such apparatus could be easily assembled, it seemed worthwhile to attempt to detect high-frequency light oscillations in stellar atmospheres. The tests consisted in obtaining plots of receiver output versus frequency for various objects and comparing them to that obtained for a steady light. Objects tested included high and low velocity dwarfs, shell stars, magnetic and spectrum variables, supposedly normal stars, and one galactic nebula. Tests were also made on small areas of the solar disk `at various distances from the center and on members of the recent large spot group. The frequency range tested was from 500 kilocycles to 30 megacycles per second. In all cases the results showed no detectable modulation. We compute that in the case of a ~nd magnitude star, a one per cent modulation would have been detectable; by suitable modification of the receiver, this limit can be considerably decreased. Flower and Cook Observatories, University of Pennsylvania, Upper Darby, Pa.
Zum Einfluß des Gelteilchengehaltes von Viskosespinnlösungen auf die Festigkeit daraus hergestellter Celluloseregeneratfäden und derenTeilchenzahl nach Lösen in EWNN (1964)

Zum Einfluß des Gelteilchengehaltes von Viskosespinnlösungen auf die Festigkeit daraus hergestellter Celluloseregeneratfäden und derenTeilchenzahl nach Lösen in EWNN was published in Band 15, Heft 4 April 1964 on page 153.
Effect of dissolved oxygen and temperature on macromolecular composition and PHB storage of activated sludge (2014)

The macromolecular composition of activated sludge (lipids, intracellular proteins and intracellular polysaccharides) was studied together with its capacity to store macromolecules such as polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) in a conventional activated sludge system fed with synthetic sewage water at an organic load rate of 1.0 kg COD/(m(3)·d), varying the dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature. Six DO concentrations (0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 8 mg/L) were studied at 20°C with a sludge retention time (SRT) of 6 days. In addition, four temperatures (10ºC, 15ºC, 20ºC and 30ºC) were assessed at constant DO (2 mg/L) with 2 days SRT in a second experimental run. The highest lipid content in the activated sludge was 95.6 mg/g VSS, obtained at 30°C, 2 mg/L of DO and a SRT of 2 days. The highest content of intracellular proteins in the activated sludge was 87.8 mg/g VSS, obtained at 20°C, 8 mg/L of DO and a SRT of 6 days. The highest content of intracellular polysaccharides in the activated sludge was 76.6 mg/g VSS, which was achieved at 20°C, a SRT of 6 days and a wide range of DO. The activated sludge PHB storage was very low for all the conditions studied.