gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circuit theory of crossed Andreev reflection (2006)

We consider transport in a three-terminal device attached to one superconducting and two normal-metal terminals, using the circuit theory of mesoscopic superconductivity. We compute the nonlocal conductance of the current out of the first normal-metal terminal in response to a bias voltage between the second normal-metal terminal and the superconducting terminal. The nonlocal conductance is given by competing contributions from crossed Andreev reflection and electron cotunneling, and we determine the contribution from each process. The nonlocal conductance vanishes when there is no resistance between the superconducting terminal and the device, in agreement with previous theoretical work. Electron cotunneling dominates when there is a finite resistance between the device and the superconducting reservoir. Dephasing is taken into account, and the characteristic time scale is the particle dwell time. This gives rise to an effective Thouless energy. Both the conductance due to crossed Andreev reflection and electron cotunneling depend strongly on the Thouless energy. We suggest experimental determination of the conductance due to crossed Andreev reflection and electron cotunneling in measurement of both energy and charge flow into one normal-metal terminal in response to a bias voltage between the other normal-metal terminal and the superconductor.
Low excess losses in a Y-branching plastic optical waveguide formed through injection molding (1994)

We have demonstrated low excess losses (1.9 dB at 660-nm wavelength) in a Y-branching plastic optical waveguide (POWG) that was fabricated using an injection-molding method. The waveguide had an amorphous vinyl polymer as the core and transparent polyolefin as the cladding. We then studied a method for isolating the excess loss in the Y-branching POWG, and with that method we estimated the lower limit of the loss to be 1.41 dB at 660 nm. The sample had a heat-resistant plastic optical fiber (POF) with a core composed of crosslinked poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) copolymer, and a cladding composed of poly (tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene). The POWG has sufficient reliability for ordinary uses below 100 °C. A model for a bidirectional wavelength-division multiplexing opticalcommunication system with the developed Y-branching POWG and the POF was also demonstrated.
Electrical Characteristics of Metal Contacts to Boron-Doped Diamond Epitaxial Film (1989)

Current-voltage characteristics have been obtained for various metal contacts formed on boron-doped diamond epitaxial film prepared on synthesized Ib diamond by the microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition method. Ti contacts and W contacts have exhibited good ohmic and Schottky properties, respectively. For the first time, we have fabricated Schottky diodes on boron-doped diamond epitaxial films using these contacts and investigated their properties.
The First-Cycle Electrochemical Lithiation of Crystalline Ge: Dopant and Orientation Dependence and Comparison with Si (2011)

We use first principles Density Functional Theory (DFT), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and Raman spectroscopy to investigate the first-cycle electrochemical lithiation of Ge in comparison with Si – both high-capacity anode materials for Li ion batteries. DFT shows a significant difference in the dilute solubility of Li in Si and Ge, despite similarities in their chemical and physical properties. We attribute this difference to electronic, as opposed to elastic, effects. CV and Raman data reveal little dopant dependence in the lithiation onset voltages in Ge, unlike in Si, due to a smaller energy difference between dilute Li insertion in p-type Ge and bulk germanide formation than the corresponding difference in Si. Finally, we show that there is no orientation dependence in lithiation onset voltages in Ge. We conclude that approaches other than microstructuring are needed to fabricate effective electrodes able to take advantage of the higher rate capability of Ge compared to that of Si.
The solvent-templating effect as the driving factor that influences the formation of crystalline materials based on the stacking of metallocycles (2007)

A series of recrystallisations of a 1 ∶ 1 CuCl2 ∶ L (L = 1,4-bis[(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)methyl]benzene) mixture from a variety of common solvents has been undertaken in order to investigate the effect of solvent templation on the resulting crystal forms. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of eight new solvates of [CuCl2L]n reveals the solvent dependent formation of either a discrete dinuclear metallocycle or a one-dimensional coordination polymer. Conformational flexibility of both the ligand and the metal–ligand bonds results in the ability of these compounds to form a variety of structures.
Cyclical “Flipping” of Morphology in Block Copolymer Thin Films (2011)

We studied the kinetics of nanopattern evolution in (polystyrene-b-polyethylene oxide) diblock copolymer thin films. Using scanning force microscopy, a highly unexpected cylindrical flipping of morphology from normal to parallel to the film plane was detected during solvent annealing of the film (with average thickness of 30 nm) at high vapor pressure. Using an in situ time-resolved light scattering device combined with an environmental cell enabled us to obtain kinetic information at different vapor pressures. The data indicated that there is a threshold value for the vapor pressure necessary for the structural transition. We propose a swelling and deswelling mechanism for the orientation flipping of the morphology. The cyclic transition occurs faster in thick films (177 nm) where the mass uptake and solvent volume fraction is smaller and therefore the driving force for phase separation is higher. We induced a stronger segregation by confining the chains in graphoepitaxially patterned substrates. As expected, the cyclic transition occurred at higher rate. Our work is another step forward to understanding the structure evolution and also controlling the alignment of block copolymer nanocylinders independently of thickness and external fields.
Proceedings of the third ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages (2007)

The twelve papers in this proceedings represent original historical perspectives on programming languages that span at least five different programming paradigms and communities: object-oriented, functional, reactive, parallel, and scripting. At the time of the conference, the programming languages community continues to create broader mini-histories of each of those paradigms at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HOPL
Population Inversion and Gain Calculations for 4p<sup>5</sup>4d–4p<sup>5</sup>5p and 4p<sup>5</sup>5s–4p<sup>5</sup>5p Kr-like transitions in Y IV, Zr V, Nb VI and Mo VII (1999)

We present calculations of the quasi-steady state gain coefficient for the 4p54d 1P–4p55p 1/2[1/2]0 transition in Kr-like Y IV, Zr V, Nb VI and Mo VII ions. Gain coefficients which can lead to FUV-VUV (~260 to 60 nm) lasing are found in all ions. Large gain coefficients are found for each ion at temperatures in excess of the ion's equilibrium temperature; realizing lasing in these systems will require a transient excitation mechanism. The density at which the maximal gain coefficient obtains increases for increasing ionization state. The 4p55s 1/2[1/2]1–4p55p 1/2[1/2]0 and 4p55s 3/2[3/2]1– 4p55p 1/2[1/2]0 transitions also show population inversion and modest gain coefficients. Attractive features of these ions as potential lasents are the large ratio between the energy of the lasing transition and the excitation energy of the upper level of the lasing transition as well as the ease with which they are produced in a low temperature, table-top scale plasma source.
Investigation on Physicochemical Characteristics of a Nanoliposome-Based System for Dual Drug Delivery (2018)

Synergistic effects of multiple drugs with different modes of action are utilized for combinatorial chemotherapy of intractable cancers. Translation of in vitro synergistic effects into the clinic can be realized using an efficient delivery system of the drugs. Despite a few studies on nano-sized liposomes containing erlotinib (ERL) and doxorubicin (DOX) in a single liposome vesicle, reliable and reproducible preparation methods as well as physicochemical characteristics of a non-PEGylated nanoliposome co-encapsulated with ERL and DOX have not been yet elucidated. In this study, ERL-encapsulated nanoliposomes were prepared using the lipid film-hydration method. By ultrasonication using a probe sonicator, the liposome diameter was reduced to less than 200 nm. DOX was loaded into the ERL-encapsulated nanoliposomes using ammonium sulfate (AS)-gradient or pH-gradient method. Effects of DOX-loading conditions on encapsulation efficiency (EE) of the DOX were investigated to determine an efficient drug-loading method. In the EE of DOX, AS-gradient method was more effective than pH gradient. The dual drug-encapsulated nanoliposomes had more than 90% EE of DOX and 30% EE of ERL, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction analyses of the dual drug-encapsulated nanoliposomes verified the highly oriented DOX-sulfate crystals inside the liposome as well as the less oriented small crystals of ERL in the outermost region of the nanoliposome. The nanoliposomes were stable at different temperatures without an increase of the nanoliposome diameter. The dual drug-encapsulated nanoliposomes showed a time-differential release of ERL and DOX, implying proper sequential releases for their synergism. The preparation methods and the physicochemical characteristics of the dual drug delivery system contribute to the development of the optimal process and more advanced systems for translational researches.
Green Approach Towards Size Controlled Synthesis of Biocompatible Antibacterial Metal Nanoparticles in Aqueous Phase Using Lysozyme (2012)

Inspired by array of proteins present in nature, we choose lysozyme (hen egg protein) as a model system to synthesize nanoparticles of noble metals to understand the mechanism of interaction as well as to use them for potential applications such as potent antibacterial agents. Lysozyme is a very well studied biomolecule containing aromatic amino acids like tryptophan and tyrosine. Tyrosine has phenoxy group which is considered to be responsible for interacting with the metal ions. Lysozyme can be suitably modified by treatment with N-bromosuccinimide/N-acetylimidazole to obtain tight control over size distribution of nanoparticles. Here we report the direct synthesis of nanocrystals of gold and silver at controlled pH and light conditions without using any known reducing agents. Out of these, synthesis of gold nanoparticles is assisted by the presence of low concentration of Ag+ ions through the galvanic exchange. It is remarkable to note that the structure of protein is not changed drastically as seen by the FTIR studies. As-synthesized lysozyme capped nanoparticles prepared by this method are biocompatible and retain antibacterial property.
Approximation Algorithms for $k$-Delivery TSP (1995)

We provide O(1) approximation algorithms for the following NP-hard problem called k-Delivery TSP: We have at our disposal a truck of capacity k, and there are n depots and n customers at various locations in some metric space, and exactly one item (all of which are identical) at each depot. We want to find an optimal tour using the truck to deliver one item to each customer. Our algorithms run in time polynomial in both n and k. The 1-Delivery problem is one of finding an optimal tour that alternately visits depots and customers. For this case we use matroid intersection to show a polynomial-time 2-approximation algorithm, improving upon a factor 2.5 algorithm of Anily and Hassin. Using this approximation combined with certain lower bounding arguments we show a factor 11.5 approximation to the optimal k-Delivery tour. For the infinite k case we show a factor 2 approximation.
Non-Iterative Aberration Correction with Phase-Sensitive Spatial Frequency Projection Light Sheet Microscopy (2019)

We present a variant of light-sheet microscopy that encodes aberration phase in the temporal fluctuations of fluorescence intensity emitted from the specimen. Aberrations are recovered and removed to correct images in post-processing.
A novel synthetic lipopeptide is allergy‐protective by the induction of <scp>LPS</scp>‐tolerance (2013)

Our results suggest that induction of a LPS-tolerant state in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) may contribute to the protective effect of a farming environment. TLR2 agonists similar to those appearing in cowshed dust extracts, such as our synthetic LPGerD, lead to the ignorance of the LPS stimulus, which is important for the activation of APCs to mount a Th2 immune response. This substance might be a promising candidate for allergy-preventive treatments as LPGerD had only low pro-inflammatory characteristics.
Does the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus play a role in language? A brain stimulation study (2007)

Although advances in diffusion tensor imaging have enabled us to better study the anatomy of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), its function remains poorly understood. Recently, it was suggested that the subcortical network subserving the language semantics could be constituted, in parallel with the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus, by the left ILF, joining the posterior occipitotemporal regions to the temporal pole, then relayed by the uncinate fasciculus connecting the anterior temporal pole to the frontobasal areas. Nevertheless, this hypothesis was solely based on neurofunctional imaging, allowing a cortical mapping but with no anatomofunctional information regarding the white matter. Here, we report a series of 12 patients operated on under local anaesthesia for a cerebral low-grade glioma located within the left temporal lobe. Before and during resection, we used the method of intraoperative direct electrostimulation, enabling us to perform accurate and reliable anatomofunctional correlations both at cortical and subcortical levels. In order to map the ILF. Using postoperative MRI, we correlated these functional findings with the anatomical locations of the sites where language disturbances were elicited by stimulations, both at cortical and subcortical levels. Our goal was to study the potential existence of parallel and distributed language networks crossing the left dominant temporal lobe, subserved by distinct subcortical pathways--namely the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus and the ILF. Intraoperative stimulation of the anterior and middle temporal cortex elicited anomia in four patients. At the subcortical level, semantic paraphasia were induced in seven patients during stimulation of the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus, and phonological paraphasia was generated in seven patients by stimulating the arcuate fasciculus. Interestingly, subcortical stimulation never elicited any language disturbances when performed at the level of the ILF. In addition, following a transient postoperative language deficit, all patients recovered, despite the resection of at least one part of the ILF, as confirmed by control MRI. On the basis of these results, we suggest that the "semantic ventral stream" could be constituted by at least two parallel pathways within the left dominant temporal lobe: (i) a direct pathway, the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus, that connects the posterior temporal areas and the orbitofrontal region, crucial for language semantic processing, since it elicits semantic paraphasia when stimulated; (ii) and also possibly an indirect pathway subserved by the ILF, not indispensable for language, since it can be compensated both during stimulation and after resection.
Перспективный антидепрессант с анксиолитическим действием в ряду четвертичных солей пиридопиримидинов (2004)

Описаны психофармакологические свойства одного из производных гетероциклических фенолов. Установлено, что вещество обладает широким спектром активности, включающим в себя антидепрессивное и анксиолитическое действие при низкой токсичности и слабой выраженности побочных эффектов, характерных для антидепрессантов и транквилизаторов. Возможным механизмом действия вещества является взаимодействие с серотонинергической и дофаминергической системами мозга.
Influence of Morphological Changes in a Source Material on the Growth Interface of 4H-SiC Single Crystals (2019)

In this study, the change of mass distribution in a source material is tracked using an in situ computer tomography (CT) setup during the bulk growth of 4H- silicon carbide (SiC) via physical vapor depostion (PVT). The changing properties of the source material due to recrystallization and densification are evaluated. Laser flash measurement showed that the thermal properties of different regions of the source material change significantly before and after the growth run. The Si-depleted area at the bottom of the crucible is thermally insulating, while the residual SiC source showed increased thermal conductivity compared to the initially charged powder. Ex situ CT measurements revealed a needle-like structure with elongated pores causing anisotropic behavior for the heat conductivity. Models to assess the thermal conductivity are applied in order to calculate the changes in the temperature field in the crucible and the changes in growth kinetics are discussed.
Three-dimensional multiview large projection system (2005)

During of some last years our company investigates and produces 3D autostereoscopic displays of the different sizes. The multi-view 3D display from our company consists of the ordinary flat TFT LCD or plasma display in front of which the special optical filter is situated. In this paper we describe our last achievements for the creation of the large 3D systems, consisting of a set of identical display panels. In particular, we consider here a construction of the autostereoscopic back projection system. In this case a situation is more complicated, because colour value of every R G, and B subpixel is projected on the same place that leads to the decrease of the 3D resolution and quality of the observed stereo-image. The other problem is the adjustment of the 3D large system, so the special approaches are discussed. The corresponding equations for the calculation of the stereo-image for the projection wall will be presented. We demonstrate also that for the same structure of the optical filter the different number of views may be used. Based on the presented principles and approaches our company creates the first in the world 3D large projection system. The future directions of development of the 3D large display are also discussed.
The use of risk estimation models for the induction of secondary cancers following radiotherapy (2005)

Theoretical predictions of cancer risk from radiotherapy may be used as a complementary criterion for the selection of successful treatment plans together with the classical approach of estimating the possible deterministic effects. However, any such attempts must take into consideration the specific features of radiation treatment. This paper explores several possible methods for estimating the risk of cancer following radiotherapy in order to investigate the influences of the fractionation and the non-uniformity of the dose to the irradiated organ. The results indicate that dose inhomogeneity plays an important role in predicting the risk for secondary cancer and therefore for predictive purposes it must be taken into account through the use of the dose volume histograms. They also suggest that the competition between cell killing and the induction of carcinogenic mutations has to be taken into consideration for more realistic risk estimations. Furthermore, more realistic parameters could be obtained if this competition is also included in analyses of epidemiological data from radiotherapy applications.
Modulation of the low-affinity IgE Fc receptor (FcεRII/CD23) by <i>Leishmania chagasi</i> (1994)

Mature B lymphocytes and macrophages express low-affinity receptors for IgE (CD23 or Fc epsilon RII), a multifunctional molecule involved in IgE regulation, B cell growth and antigen presentation. We studied the effect of the protozoan Leishmania chagasi on CD23 expression using a model of early disease. Murine and human B cells, B cell lines, and a macrophage cell line incubated in vitro with the promastigote (PM) form of L. chagasi showed a selective loss of CD23 expression as detected by mAbs and IgE binding. Other B cell surface markers (class II MHC, CD32, surface IgM, surface IgD and gp90MEL-14) remained unchanged, indicating the loss was not due to B cell activation. The CD23 loss was parasite dose-dependent and required contact between PM and B cells. There was a loss of splenic B cell CD23 expression 24 h after infection of BALB/c mice with PM, indicating that the effect also occurred in vivo. During the activation of normal B cells, CD23 is cleaved by a cell-associated protease and released as a soluble form (sCD23). The human B cell line RPMI 8866 showed a 3- to 10-fold increase in the amount of sCD23 released into cultured supernatants when incubated with L. chagasi PM, which paralleled the loss of membrane-bound CD23 from the cell surface. In contrast, the steady-state level of CD23 mRNA did not change appreciably in RPMI 8866 cells during co-culture with PM. Thus, L. chagasi PM selectively down-modulated CD23 expression on B cells and macrophage cell lines, at least in part by increasing the release of sCD23.
Fully developed intermittent flow in a curved tube (1997)

Fully developed intermittent flow in a strongly curved tube was numerically simulated using a numerical scheme based on the simpler method. Physiological pulsatile flow in the aorta was simulated as intermittent flow, with a waveform consisting of a pulse-like systolic flow period followed by a stationary diastolic period. Numerical simulations were carried out for the following conditions: Dean number κ=393, frequency parameter α=4–27, curvature ratio δ=1/2, 1/3 and 1/7, and intermittency parameter η=0–1/2, where η is the ratio of a systolic time to the cycle period. For α=18 and 27 the axial-flow profile in a systolic period becomes close to that of a sinusoidally oscillatory flow. At the end of the systole, a region of reversed axial velocity appears in the vicinity of the tube wall, which is caused by the blocking of the flow, similar to blocked flow in a straight tube. This area is enlarged near the inner wall of the bend by the curvature effect. Circumferential flow accelerated in a systole streams into the inner corner and collides at the symmetry line, which creates a jet-like secondary flow towards the outer wall. The region of reversed axial velocity is extended to the tube centre by the secondary flow. The development of the flow continues during the diastolic period for α higher than 8, and the flow does not completely dissipate, so that a residual secondary vortex persists until the next systole. Accordingly, the development of secondary flow in the following systolic phase is strongly affected by the residual vortex at the end of the previous diastolic phase, especially by stationary diastolic periods. Therefore, intermittent flow in a curved tube is strongly affected by the stationary diastolic period. For η=0 and 1/5, the induced secondary flow in a systole forms additional vortices near the inner wall, whereas for η=1/3 and 1/2 additional vortices do not appear. The characteristics of intermittent flow in a curved tube are also strongly affected by the length of the diastolic period, which represents a period of zero flow.