gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Entanglement Evolution in a Five Qubit Error Correction Code (2010)

In this paper I explore the entanglement evolution of qubits that are part of a five qubit quantum error correction code subject to various decohering environments. Specifically, I look for possible parallels between the entanglement degradation and the fidelity of the logical qubit of quantum information stored in the physical qubits. In addition, I note the possible exhibition of entanglement sudden death (ESD) due to decoherence and question whether ESD is actually a roadblock to successful quantum computation.
Differential expression of thymosin β‐10 by early passage and senescent vascular endothelium is modulated by VPF/VEGF: evidence for senescent endothelial cells <i>in vivo</i> at sites of atherosclerosis (2001)

VPF/VEGF acts selectively on the vascular endothelium to enhance permeability, induce cell migration and division, and delay replicative senescence. To understand the changes in gene expression during endothelial senescence, we investigated genes that were differentially expressed in early vs. late passage (senescent) human dermal endothelial cells (HDMEC) using cDNA array hybridization. Early passage HDMEC cultured with or without VPF/VEGF overexpressed 9 and underexpressed 6 genes in comparison with their senescent counterparts. Thymosin beta-10 expression was modulated by VPF/VEGF and was strikingly down-regulated in senescent EC. The beta-thymosins are actin G-sequestering peptides that regulate actin dynamics and are overexpressed in neoplastic transformation. We have also identified senescent EC in the human aorta at sites overlying atherosclerotic plaques. These EC expressed senescence-associated neutral beta-galactosidase and, in contrast to adventitial microvessel endothelium, exhibited weak staining for thymosin beta-10. ISH performed on human malignant tumors revealed strong thymosin beta-10 expression in tumor blood vessels. This is the first report that Tbeta-10 expression is significantly reduced in senescent EC, that VPF/VEGF modulates thymosin beta-10 expression, and that EC can become senescent in vivo. The reduced expression of thymosin beta-10 may contribute to the senescent phenotype by reducing EC plasticity and thus impairing their response to migratory stimuli.
Effect of UV and hygrothermal aging on the mechanical performance of polyurethane elastomers (2008)

Abstract In this study, the effects of environmental aging on the mechanical performance of elastomeric polyurethane (PU) were investigated using two accelerated aging techniques, namely, ultraviolet (UV) and hygrothermal (HT). Samples were prepared and subjected to UV and HT exposure for a period of 5 months and removed and mechanically tested at different time intervals. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed. A noticeable change in the chemical structure of the PU after 1 month of UV exposure was found, however, that was not the case after 1 month of HT exposure. The stress and strain to failure, tearing energy, and storage modulus were evaluated at different intervals for both aging techniques. It was found that the UV exposure caused severe degradation of the PU in comparison with the HT. A reduction of more than 98% in the tearing energy was observed for the UV‐exposed samples after 5 months when compared with only a 35% reduction in the tearing energy for the HT‐exposed samples. A similar trend was observed for tear strength and storage modulus. The degradation mechanisms of the PU elastomers have been identified using SEM and correlated with the tearing energy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Differential scanning calorimetry of aqueous polymer solutions and gels (1974)

The melting phenomena of aqueous polymer solutions and gels have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The polymers used were synthetic polyacrylamide and poly(vinyl alcohol) samples as well as guar and xanthan gums. By using an empirical relation, the energy measured from the area under the melting peak yielded heats of mixing and sorption, when fitted by an association factor computed from the data. This factor (independent of the concentration) is a measure of the water fraction associated with the polymer and has a definite and characteristic value for a given polymer in water. When a crosslinking agent (potassium pyroantimoniate or chromic nitrate) was added to the water–polymer system, the association factor varied with the polymer concentration; the macromolecular chains thus become less accessible to penetrating water. If a branched gel was obtained owing to the formation of chemical crosslinks, a hump appeared on the melting peak.
Ultraviolet lasing in high-order bands of three-dimensional ZnO photonic crystals (2006)

UV lasing in three-dimensional ZnO photonic crystals is demonstrated at room temperature. The photonic crystals are inverse opals with high refractive index contrast that simultaneously confine light and provide optical gain. Highly directional lasing with tunable wavelength is obtained by optical pumping. Comparison of the experimental results to the calculated band structure shows that lasing occurs in high-order bands with abnormally low group velocity. This demonstrates that the high-order band structure of three-dimensional photonic crystals can be used to effectively confine light and enhance emission. Our findings may also impact other applications of photonic crystal devices.
A simple<i>in vivo</i>footprinting method to examine DNA-protein interactions over the yeast<i>PYK</i>UAS element (1994)

In this report a modification to the in vivo footprinting assay is described. The method includes dimethyl sulfate treatment of whole yeast cells, followed by reiterative primer extension of the methylated genomic DNA using Taq DNA polymerase. Under appropriate reaction conditions chain extension terminates opposite a methylated purine when Taq DNA polymerase encounters a modified adenine or guanine. The procedure was used to examine, in vivo DNA-protein contacts over the upstream activation site (UAS) of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PYK gene. In vivo analysis, using isogenic strains of yeast and Escherichia coli transformed with plasmid DNAs, confirmed the binding of both the trans-acting factor RAP1 and the transcriptional activator GCR1 to cis-acting recognition sites located within the PYK UAS element.
Mitigando Ataques DDoS em SGIs por Reorganizações em Agrupamentos de IdP (2015)

Os sistemas de gerenciamento de identidades (SGI) utilizam Identity Providers (IdP) como guardiões das informações críticas dos usuários. No entanto, ataques DDoS (Distributed Denial-of-Service) podem indisponibilizar as operações prestadas por IdPs, prejudicando usuários legítimos. Este trabalho apresenta SAMOS, um esquema para mitigar ataques DDoS em SGIs através de uma abordagem inovadora: a reorganização de agrupamentos de IdPs usando técnicas de otimização. SAMOS atua em resposta ao monitoramento dos recursos de memória e processamento dos IdPs, diferentemente das soluções da literatura que agem em resposta à detecção do ataque através da análise do tráfego de rede. SAMOS minimiza os efeitos dos ataques DDoS empregando os IdPs operacionais do sistema, se distinguindo das propostas existentes que utilizam recursos computacionais externos. Resultados considerando dados de um SGI real indicam a viabilidade da proposta.
COMT genetic variation confers risk for psychotic and affective disorders: a case control study (2005)

Our results support the view that COMT variation provides a weak general predisposition to neuropsychiatric disease including psychotic and affective disorders.
The Development and Use of a Universal Model to Predict Tree Crop Harvester Pesticide Exposure (1984)

A simple regression model is presented for predicting the transfer of residual foliar applied pesticide to the body of a Florida citrus harvester. This model is dependent on work rate and residue concentration and agrees with an earlier model derived from similar data taken from a California study. This suggests that observed regional differences in the morbidity of harvesters in treated fields may be due to regional differences in foliar pesticide residue levels rather than regional differences in transport mechanisms of pesticide from foliage to worker. Eventual metabolite output in worker urine is also predicted.
Spot Urine Concentrations Should Not Be Used for Hydration Assessment: A Methodology Review (2014)

A common practice in sports science is to assess hydration status using the concentration of a single spot urine collection taken at any time of day for comparison against concentration (specific gravity, osmolality, color) thresholds established from first morning voids. There is strong evidence that this practice can be confounded by fluid intake, diet, and exercise, among other factors, leading to false positive/negative assessments. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to provide a simple explanation as to why this practice leads to erroneous conclusions and should be curtailed in favor of consensus hydration assessment recommendations.
A CASE OF SEPTICEMIA DUE TO BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION IN POSTOPERATIVE ILEUS OF COLON CANCER (2008)

様々な成因によりBacterial translocationが起こることが知られているが，実際に敗血症性ショックにまでいたる経験をすることは稀である．今回われわれはBacterial translocationによる敗血症が疑われた大腸癌術後イレウスの１例を経験したので若干の文献的考察を加え報告する．患者は59歳，男性．リウマチ性多発筋痛症の加療目的で当院内科入院中，横行結腸癌を指摘され手術目的に転科となった．右半結腸切除術施行後３日目にイレウスを発症しイレウス管を挿入した．症状改善し術後９日目でイレウス管を抜去し，その後経過良好であったが術後17日目に突然の40℃の発熱，血圧の低下を認め敗血症性ショックと診断し治療を開始した．血液培養の結果でE.aerogenesが検出された．症状改善するも術後24日目に再度敗血症性ショックを呈し治療を再開した．血液培養の結果で再びE.aerogenesを認めた．経腸栄養を開始し，薬剤感受性の高い抗菌薬を長期間使用することで症状軽快し，再発所見なく転科となった．
Additions and Corrections-Tripotassium 1,3,5-Triazacyclohexane-1,3,5-trisulfonate (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdditions and Corrections-Tripotassium 1,3,5-Triazacyclohexane-1,3,5-trisulfonateW Binnie, H Cohen, and George WrightCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 12, 5807Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1950Publication History Published online8 July 2002Published inissue 1 December 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01168a653https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01168a653research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views13Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Notizen: Elektron‐Donor‐Acceptor‐Verbindungen, XL. Theoretische Deutung der Charge‐Transfer‐Absorptionen von <i>syn</i>‐ und <i>anti</i>‐Donor‐Acceptor‐Metacyclophanen (1985)

Electron Donor‐Acceptor Compounds, XL. Theoretical Explanation of Charge‐Transfer Absorptions of syn ‐ and anti ‐Donor‐Acceptor Metacyclophanes The similarity of charge‐transfer absorptions which in spite of the very different donor‐acceptor arrangement has been observed for syn‐anti isomeric donor‐acceptor metacyclophanes ( 1 – 4 ) is explained by the aid of simple theoretical considerations.
Direct control of Hoxd1 and Irx3 expression by Wnt/beta-catenin signaling during anteroposterior patterning of the neural axis in Xenopus (2010)

During and after gastrulation, the neural axis in vertebrates is patterned along the antero-posterior axis by the combined activity of signaling factors secreted in the neural ectoderm and the underlying mesoderm. These signals divide the neural axis into four major divisions: the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal chord. Among the signals that pattern the neural axis, Wnts play a prominent role and many patterning genes have been found to be direct Wnt/beta-catenin target genes, including several homeobox domain-containing transcription factors. Here we show that HoxD1 and Irx3 are transcriptionally induced by the Wnt pathway during neurulation. Using induction in the presence of the translation blocking drug cycloheximide and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we confirm that HoxD1 and Irx3 are both direct Wnt target genes. In addition, we identified Crabp2 (cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2) as an indirect target that potentially links the activities of Wnt and retinoic acid during antero-posterior patterning.
Gene Expression Studies Using Microarrays (2001)

1. The rapid progression of the collaborative sequencing programmes that are unravelling the complete genome sequences of many organisms are opening pathways for new approaches to gene analysis. As the sequence data become available, the bottleneck in biological research will shift to understanding the role of each of these genes. Techniques that enable the analysis of large sets of genes in one experiment will elucidate the interactions of genes in diverse biological systems. 2. Microarrays, which consist of large numbers of cDNA or oligonucleotides spotted onto a glass microscope slide, are one such technology. RNA isolated from two populations of cells, one control and one altered by experimental treatment or disease, is labelled with two different fluorochromes before being hybridized to the microarray. After a standard hybridization reaction, a scanner records the intensity of the two fluorochromes. The data can be analysed using special software that enables clustering of genes that have similar expression patterns. 3. Such powerful analysis techniques will provide information about genes whose functions are currently unknown and enhance our understanding of how genes interact to provide molecular control. This increase in knowledge about gene function will allow new targeted approaches for the development of drugs and/or gene therapies.
LPV approximation of distributed parameter systems in environmental modeling. (2002)

Environmental systems often involve phenomena that are continuous functions not only of time, but also of other independent variables, such as space coordinates. Typical examples are transportation phenomena of mass or energy, such as heat transmission and/or exchange, humidity diffusion or concentration distributions. These systems are intrinsically distributed parameter systems whose description usually requires the introduction of partial differential equations (PDE). Therefore, their modeling can be quite complex, both for what concerns the model construction and its identification. Indeed, a typical approach for the simulation of such systems is the use of finite element techniques. However, this kind of description usually involves a huge number of parameters and requires time-consuming computation while not being suited for identification. For this reason, such models are generally not suitable for control purposes. In many cases, however, the involved phenomena depend on the independent (space) variables in a smooth way, and for fixed values of the independent variables, input/output relations can be satisfactorily represented by linear invariant models. In such conditions, a possible alternative to PDE consists in representing the physical system with a Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) model whose parameters are functions of the independent variables. The advantage of this approach is the relatively simple model obtained, which is directly suitable for control purposes and can be easily identified from input/output data by means of classical techniques. Moreover, optimal identification schemes can be derived for such models, allowing the optimization of the number of measurements. This can be particularly useful in several environmental applications for which the cost of measurements represents a severe constraint. In this paper, the derivation of LPV models for the representation of distributed phenomena in environmental systems is discussed and illustrated with a simulated and a practical example.
Theoretical methods used in the design of planetary gamma-ray and neutron-gamma-ray instruments (1983)

To accomplish these goals, a core program of exploration was put forth. Gamma-ray and neutron-gamma-ray instruments to be used for geochemical analysis are planned for incorporation, on board many of the spacecraft that may be flown as part of the proposed new program. Integral to the design of these systems and interpretation of the resulting data will be the development of computational methods to predict the spatial, energy, and temporal distribution of gamma-ray and neutron fluxes. Three examples of such computational methods, as used by our group, will be considered.
SU‐FF‐T‐87: Software Tools for Transferring Treatment Plans Between Two Planning Systems (2005)

Purpose: There is often a need to transfer treatment plan data from one system to another. However, even when both systems are claimed to be compliant with a standard (e.g., DICOM‐RT), the system‐specific implementations may be incompatible . The purpose of this work is to develop and evaluate tools to seamlessly transfer plans designed on one commercial treatment planning system (TPS) to another TPS and vice versa. Method and materials: Pinnacle and Eclipse are the two TPS used in this study. From Pinnacle to Eclipse, a filter to make the Pinnacle DICOM‐RT plans conform to Eclipse implementation was developed. From Eclipse to Pinnacle, a tool to covert a DICOM‐RT plan file to Pinnacle Script file was developed. To evaluate these tools, ten prostate patients planned and treated using IMRT at our institution were used. The 10 IMRT plans were first transferred from Pinnacle to Eclipse, and the doses of the 10 plans were recalculated on Eclipse. New IMRT plans were designed on Eclipse also. The latter were transferred back to Pinnacle and doses were re‐calculated there. Also, optimal fluence distributions generated on Eclipse were transferred to Pinnacle, and the Pinnacle's leaf sequencer was used to generate new leaf sequences. To evaluate the differences between Pinnacle and Eclipse plans, dose and dose‐volume indices were used. Results: The dosimetric data for the plans transferred to Eclipse from Pinnacle do not differ significantly from the original plans, and vice versa. For plans of similar quality, the ones designed on Eclipse had 56% fewer segments than the plans designed on Pinnacle. The Pinnacle generated 23% more segments than the Eclipse using the same optimized fluence distributions imported from Eclipse. Conclusions: DICOM‐RT implementations are often not complete and, therefore, compatible among different commercial planning systems. Special tools are needed to make the plans interchangeable.
Measurement of Hemodynamics of Auditory Cortex Using Magnetoencephalography and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (1997)

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, a non-invasive optical method for monitoring hemodynamics, was applied to record evoked auditory response of the human brain. Our newly developed system detected the amount of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in the area of the local brain located beneath the probes. In the study, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) and NIR spectroscopy to observe the blood component change near the auditory cortex. The sound stimulus of 1 kHz sine wave at 70 dB SPL was used to elicit evoked responses in both experiments. The active region of the auditory cortex was determined by MEG, and the same area was examined by the NIR system. The results from the NIR experiments showed significant increases of total hemoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin, indicating that both blood flow and oxygen consumption at the cortical area increased in response to the sound stimuli. The NIR recordings at the two different depths revealed that the increases of local blood flow and oxygen consumption were observed at depths ranging between 20 and 30 mm from the scalp.
Monolithic 38 GHz coplanar feedback VCOs fabricated by a production PHEMT technology (2002)

A set of coplanar 38 GHz voltage-controlled oscillators has been developed. The oscillators are based on a feedback topology and consist of a two-stage amplifier, a frequency selective feedback network, and a voltage-controlled phase shifter. The monolithic circuits also include a buffer stage and were fabricated by a production-oriented PHEMT technology. By employing different feedback networks and phase shifters according to a building block concept, several versions with tuning bandwidths between 0.6 GHz and 1.3 GHz have been realized. The oscillators show a high tuning linearity and an almost constant output power of typically 12 dBm.
Multiple Sclerosis: The Next 20 Years (2011)

Although one cannot predict where science will be in two decades from now, based on our current understanding and the work being done, it is possible to speculate on where the field of multiple sclerosis will be in 2030. I discuss below, four important areas which I believe will change our understanding and treatment of the disease in the next 20 years.
Malignancy index based on flow cytometry and histology for renal cell carcinomas and its correlation to prognosis (1986)

Fifty-five human renal cell carcinomas, removed by nephrectomy, were classified using flow cytometry and histology. The parameters obtained by flow cytometry were DNA index, fractions of cells in the phases, and fractions of tumor cells versus normal cells. From histology, the routine classification of tumor structure and morphology were obtained, and a nuclear grading according to Arner et al. (Acta Chir Scand [Suppl] 346:1-12, 1965) was determined. All parameters including tumor stage according to Robson et al. (J Urol 101:297-301, 1969) were subjected to discriminant analysis in order to define a malignancy index. The patients were divided into two groups with good and poor prognosis (low and high risk). Those patients who were free of multiple metastases in 2 years and more after nephrectomy were assigned to the group "good prognosis"; those who developed multiple metastases for 2 years represented the "poor prognosis" group. The malignancy index determined by discriminant analysis yielded 91% correct predictions of prognosis.