gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Examination of Spectral Pretreatments for Partial Least-Squares Calibrations for Chemical and Physical Properties of Wheat (2003)

Use of near-infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance on ground wheat meal for prediction of protein content is a well-accepted practice. Although protein content has a strong bearing on the suitability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for processed foods, wheat quality, as largely influenced by the configuration and conformation of the monomeric and polymeric endosperm storage proteins, is also of great importance to the food industry. The measurement of quality by NIR, however, has been much less successful. The present study examines the effects and trends of applying mathematical transformations (pretreatments) to NIR spectral data before partial least-squares (PLS) regression. Running mean smooths, Savitzky-Golay second derivatives, multiplicative scatter correction, and standard normal variate transformation, with and without detrending, were systematically applied to an extensive set of hard red winter wheat and hard white wheat grown over two seasons. The studied properties were protein content, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sedimentation volume, number of hours during grain fill at temperature <24 degrees C, and number of hours during grain fill at temperature >32 degrees C. The size of the convolution window used to perform a smooth or second derivative was also examined. The results indicate that for easily modeled properties such as protein content, the importance of pretreatment was lessened, whereas for the more difficult-to-model properties, such as SDS sedimentation volume, wide-window (>20 points) smooth or derivative convolutions were important in maximizing calibration performance. By averaging 30 PLS cross-validation trial statistics (standard error) for each property, we were able to ascertain the inherent modeling ability of each wheat property.
Re: Pitfalls of automated comparative sequence analysis as a single platform for routine clinical testing for NF1 (Messiaen and Wimmer). (2005)

We are grateful to the authors for pointing out the errors in assignment of the predicted effect of some of the sequence variants that …
1A2-K08 Development of a Suture Training System : Improved Evaluation Function (2009)

Nowadays, an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) has been proposed as a modern type of examination often used in medicine to test skills. OSCE is a practical exam in which students are evaluated by experienced examiners using a check list. However, the examiner lacks of information which cannot be obtained through the simple observation. In this paper, we have proposed the development of a suture training system which provides quantitative information of the task. In particular, the details of the Waseda-Kyotokagaku Suture No. 2 Refined II (WKS-2RII) are given. Experiments were carried out to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed training system and the proposed evaluation function.
A Hexadecanuclear Copper(I)–Copper(II) Mixed‐Valence Compound: Structure, Magnetic Properties, Intervalence Charge Transfer, EPR, and NMR (2007)

Abstract Hexadecanuclear copper mixed‐valence complex 2 containing 10 Cu II centers and 6 Cu I centers was isolated with N,O donor ligands. From the X‐ray crystal structure, 2 was found to contain a centrosymmetric dimeric cation – each monomeric unit composed of eight copper centers. It displays a very broad and weak intervalence charge‐transfer band around 1100 nm at room temperature in the solid state. Variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate an S = 1/2 ground state for half of 2 , explicitly, each Cu 8 moiety has a g value around 2.26. Complex 2 was examined by NMR spectroscopy at room temperature in solution and by EPR at low temperature; the data indicates that the valence is delocalized in 2 at room temperature but localized at low temperature. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Catalpa Glycosides. I. The Characterization of Catalposide<sup>1</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalpa Glycosides. I. The Characterization of Catalposide1J. M. BOBBITT, H. SCHMID, and TERESITA B. AFRICACite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 9, 3090–3094Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01067a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01067a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Radiative cooling and frost formation on surfaces with different thermal emittance: theoretical analysis and practical experience (1987)

Radiative cooling power was computed as a function of the emittance c, of an exposed surface, air temperature, humidity, etc. from the LOWTRAN 5 code. Meteorological data were then used to make semiquantitative estimates on how often frost will form on a surface with given epsilon(s). Practical tests, using SnO(2)-covered glass with epsilon(s) approximately 0.2, demonstrated that a low-emittance coating can prevent frost formation and maintain transparency of a window exposed to the clear sky.
Reliability of isokinetic strength and aerobic power testing for patients with chronic heart failure. (2002)

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to assess the reliability of testing skeletal muscle strength and peak aerobic power in a clinical population of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). METHODS: Thirty-three patients with CHF (New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class 2.3 Â± 0.5; left ventricular ejection fraction 27% Â± 7%; age 65 Â± 9 years; 28:5 male-female ratio) underwent two identical series of tests (T1 and T2), 1 week apart, for strength and endurance of the muscle groups responsible for knee extension/flexion and elbow extension/flexion. The patients also underwent two graded exercise tests on a bicycle ergometer to measure peak oxygen consumption (VO 2peak ). Three months later, 18 of the patients underwent a third test (T3) for each of the measures. Means were compared using MANOVA with repeated measures for strength and endurance, and ANOVA with repeated measures for VO 2peak . RESULTS: Combining data for all four movement patterns, the expression of strength increased from T1 to T2 by 12% Â± 25% (P < .001; intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.89). Correspondingly, endurance increased by 13% Â± 23% (P = .004; ICC = 0.87). Peak oxygen consumption was not significantly different (16.2 Â± 0.8 and 16.1 Â± 0.8 mLÂ·kg -1 Â·min -1 for T1 and T2, respectively; P = .686; ICC = 0.91). There were no significant differences between T2 and T3 for strength (2% Â± 17%; P = .736; ICC = 0.92) or muscle endurance (-1% Â± 15%; P = .812; ICC = 0.96), but VO 2peak decreased from 16.7 Â± 1.2 to 14.9 Â± 0.9 mLÂ·kg -1 Â·min -1 (-10% Â± 18%; P = .021; ICC = 0.89). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that in a population of patients with CHF, a familiarization trial for skeletal muscle strength testing is necessary. Although familiarization is not required for assessing oxygen consumption as a single measurement, VO 2peak declined markedly in the 3-month period for which these patients were followed. Internal consistency within patients was high for the second and third strength trials and the first and second tests of VO 2peak .
[gamma-Glutamyl-transferase activity in the family "Neisseriaceae" (author's transl)]. (1982)

Members of the family Neisseriaceae (554 strains) were screened for gamma-glutamyl-transferase (gamma GT) activity. gamma GT was produced by Neisseria meningitidis but not produced by any strain of N. gonorrhoeae, N. lactamica and Branhamella catarrhalis. Most non-proteolytic Acinetobacter calcoaceticus produced gamma GT whereas most A. lwoffii failed to produce gamma GT.
Synthetic spectroscopic models related to coenzymes and base pairs. II. Evidence for intramolecular base-base interactions in dinucleotide analogs (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic spectroscopic models related to coenzymes and base pairs. II. Evidence for intramolecular base-base interactions in dinucleotide analogsDouglas T. Browne, Joseph Eisinger, and Nelson J. LeonardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 26, 7302–7323Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01028a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01028a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views734Altmetric-Citations221LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The nanomechanical NOSE (1999)

We present a novel chemical sensor based on a microfabricated array of silicon cantilevers. Individual cantilevers are sensitized for the detection of analytes using metal coatings. Analyte molecules chemisorbing or physisorbing on the cantilever coating and chemical reactions produce a change in interfacial stress between analyte molecules and cantilever. This leads to a nanomechanical response of the cantilever, i.e. bending. The bending is read out using a time-multiplexed optical beam-deflection technique. From magnitude and temporal evolution of the bending, quantitative information on analyte species and concentration is derived. Here, we demonstrate the detection of ethene and water vapor with such a nanomechanical nose.
Dependence of contra-directional two-wave mixing on diffraction and doping level in Fe:LiNbO/sub 3/ (2001)

Summary form only given. Iron doped lithium niobate is a high nonlinearity medium in which photorefractive two-wave mixing has long been demonstrated. For the case of contra-directional wave mixing where the signal beam is derived from the Fresnel reflection of the pump beam, the wave mixing efficiency is dependent on the incident intensity. To increase intensity, the spot size of the incident laser beam needs to be reduced. However, when the spot sizes are so small that the Rayleigh range is smaller than the crystal length, the effect of diffraction :becomes important. In this work, we present the measurements of two-wave mixing efficiency as a function of spot size and focal position in iron doped lithium niobate crystals of different lengths. We find that the maximum efficiency achieved is dependent on the focal position in the crystal, as well as on the crystal length. The dependence of the efficiency on the linear absorption in the material, which is varied by changing the dopant concentration, was also measured. Theoretical calculations of two-wave mixing with diffraction effects and linear absorption taken into consideration were performed. Values of the gain coefficients and "dark current intensity" were extracted by matching the experimental results with the theoretical calculations.
Application of Air-To-Air Charge Cooling to the Two-Stroke Cycle Diesel Engine (1985)

The combustion and air system development of the air-to-air charge cooled two-stroke cycle diesel engine for the heavy-duty truck market is described. The conceptual modifications to the actual turbocharged-charge cooled diesel cycle are defined and supported by analytical modeling results and engine dynamometer development test results. Actual engine and vehicle performance are provided to demonstrate the significant achievement in fuel efficiency made via the optimizing scheme employed.
High-rate lithium ion energy storage to facilitate increased penetration of photovoltaic systems in electricity grids (2019)

Abstract High-rate lithium ion batteries with long cycling lives can provide electricity grid stabilization services in the presence of large fractions of intermittent generators, such as photovoltaics. Engineering for high rate and long cycle life requires an appropriate selection of materials for both electrode and electrolyte and an understanding of how these materials degrade with use. High-rate lithium ion batteries can also facilitate faster charging of electric vehicles and provide higher energy density alternatives to supercapacitors in mass transport applications. High-rate lithium ion batteries can play a critical role in decarbonizing our energy systems both through their underpinning of the transition to use renewable energy resources, such as photovoltaics, and electrification of transport. Their ability to be rapidly and frequently charged and discharged can enable this energy storage technology to play a key role in stabilizing future low-carbon electricity networks which integrate large fractions of intermittent renewable energy generators. This decarbonizing transition will require lithium ion technology to provide increased power and longer cycle lives at reduced cost. Rate performance and cycle life are ultimately limited by the materials used and the kinetics associated with the charge transfer reactions and ionic and electronic conduction. We review material strategies for electrode materials and electrolytes that can facilitate high rates and long cycle lives and discuss the important issues of cost, resource availability and recycling.
Structure-activity studies in floral odorants. (1996)

This paper reviews the results of our research on the relationships between chemical structure and floral odour, with particular reference to the characteristic note of muguet. Our investigation was aimed at the design and synthesis of substitutes for hydroxycitronellal and other compounds of similar odour, currently employed in perfumery and cosmetics. In order to approach this problem in a systematic way, we have synthesised a great number of tetrahydropyranyl and tetrahydrofuranyl derivatives, as well as other cyclic compounds, that could help modelling the interactions between odorant and receptor proteins, and define the role of each molecular parameter in eliciting the characteristic olfactory note. The compounds exhibiting the best olfactory notes have been used in a conformational analysis, by means of NMR in two different solvents and molecular modelling. A seletion of the odorants synthesised has been also employed in ligand-binding studies, using odorant-binding-proteins purified from nasal mucosa of the bovine and the pig.
Erbium nanoparticle doped fibers for efficient, resonantly-pumped Er-doped fiber lasers (2015)

Nanoparticle (NP) doping is a new technique for making erbium-doped fibers (EDFs); the Er ions are surrounded by a cage of aluminum and oxygen ions, substantially reducing Er<sup>3+</sup> ion-ion energy exchange and its deleterious effects on laser performance. Er-Al-doped NPs have been synthesized and doped in-situ into the silica soot of the preform core. We report the first known measurements of NP-doped EDFs in a resonantly-core pumped master oscillator-power amplifier (MOPA) configuration; the optical-to-optical slope efficiency was 80.4%, which we believe is a record for this type of fiber.
Effects of verapamil on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: pressure-volume analysis with a nonimaging scintillation probe. (1983)

To investigate the effects of verapamil on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, we studied 14 patients at catheterization with a nonimaging scintillation probe before and after serial intravenous infusions of low-, medium-, and high-dose verapamil (total dose 0.17 to 0.72 mg/kg). Percent change in radionuclide stroke counts after verapamil correlated well with percent change in thermodilution stroke volume (r = .87), and changes in diastolic and systolic counts were used to assess relative changes in left ventricular volumes after verapamil. Verapamil produced dose-related increases in end-diastolic counts (19 +/- 9% increase; p less than .001), end-systolic counts (91 +/- 54% increase; p less than .001), and stroke counts (7 +/- 10% increase; p less than .02). This was associated with a decrease in ejection fraction (83 +/- 8% control, 73 +/- 10% verapamil; p less than .001) and, in the 10 patients with left ventricular outflow tract gradients, a reduction in gradient (62 +/- 27 mm Hg control, 32 +/- 35 mm Hg verapamil; p less than .01). The end-systolic pressure-volume relation was shifted downward and rightward in all patients, suggesting a negative inotropic effect. In 10 patients, left ventricular pressure-volume loops were constructed with simultaneous micromanometer pressure recordings and the radionuclide time-activity curve. In five patients, verapamil shifted the diastolic pressure-volume curve downward and rightward, demonstrating improved pressure-volume relations despite the negative inotropic effect, and also increased the peak rate of rapid diastolic filling. In the other five patients, the diastolic pressure-volume relation was unaltered by verapamil, and increased end-diastolic volumes occurred at higher end-diastolic pressures; in these patients, the peak rate of left ventricular diastolic filling was not changed by verapamil. The negative inotropic effects of intravenous verapamil are potentially beneficial in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by decreasing left ventricular contractile function and increasing left ventricular volume. Verapamil also enhances left ventricular diastolic filling and improves diastolic pressure-volume relations in some patients despite its negative inotropic effect.
An Experimental Investigation of Hot Machining with Induction to Improve Ti-5553 Machinability (2011)

The manufacturing of aeronautic parts with high mechanical properties requires the use of high performance materials. That’s why; new materials are used for landing gears such as the titanium alloy Ti-5553. The machining of this material leads to high cutting forces and temperatures, and poor machinability which requires the use of low cutting conditions. In order to increase the productivity rate, one solution could be to raise the workpiece initial temperature. Assisted hot machining consists in heating the workpiece material before the material removal takes place, in order to weaken the material mechanical properties, and thus reducing at least the cutting forces. First, a bibliography review has been done in order to determine all heating instruments used and the thermal alleviation that exists on conventional materials. An induction assisted hot machining was chosen and a system capable to maintain a constant temperature into the workpiece during machining (turning) was designed. Trails permit to identify the variation of cutting forces according to the initial temperature of the workpiece, with fixed cutting conditions according to the TMP (Tool-Material-Pair) methodology at ambient temperature. Tool life and deterioration mode are identified notably. The results analysis shows a low reduction of specific cutting forces for a temperature area compatible with industrial process. The reduction is more important at elevated temperature. However, it has consequences on quality of the workpiece surface and tool wear.
The mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase complex : studies on the interaction between its catalytic and H⁺-translocation components (1981)

The mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase complex : studies on the interaction between its catalytic and H⁺-translocation components
Rapid prototyping of protocols from LOTOS specifications (1993)

Abstract A new tool for generating implementation prototypes of communication protocols and concurrent systems specified using the ISO LOTOS language is presented in this paper. A brief introduction to LOTOS and a discussion of the main problems related to the efficient execution of specifications written in LOTOS are presented first. The design and implementation of the tool are then considered: LOTOS specifications are analysed and translated into C functions which are executed by co‐operating processes in the Unix environment. The set of LOTOS process definitions is first translated into a suitable number of extended finite‐state machines (EFSMs). The method proposed allows the problem of deriving unbounded EFSMs to be circumvented and a sort of control on the process number/size trade‐off to be obtained at the same time. The problem of implementing the LOTOS multi‐way rendezvous mechanism for process synchronization is solved by using an algorithm based on message‐passing techniques. An example of prototype derivation is also described, showing the form of C code generated by translating a simple specification. Finally, some performance figures are presented.
Coupling of Nuclear Localization Signals to Plasmid DNA (2003)

This chapter focuses on a methodology for covalently associating nuclear localization signal (NLS) peptides to DNA, in which cationic NLS peptides are covalently bound to plasmid DNA by photoactivation. Described here are the synthesis and characterization of these conjugates.