gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ancestry of the Australian Termitivorous Numbat (2013)

The Australian numbat, Myrmecobius fasciatus, is the only marsupial that feeds almost exclusively on termites and that has a life following the diurnally restricted and dynamic geographical distribution of termites. The millions of years of this adaptation led to unique morphological and anatomical features, especially basicranial and dental characteristics, that make it difficult to identify a clear phylogenetic affiliation to other marsupials. From DNA sequence analyses, the family Myrmecobiidae is placed within the dasyuromorph marsupials, but the exact position varies from study to study, and support values are mostly rather modest. Here, we report the recovery and analysis of approximately 110,000 quasifossilized traces of mobile element insertions into the genome of a dasyurid marsupial (Tasmanian devil), 25 of which are phylogenetically informative for early dasyuromorphial evolution. Fourteen of these ancient retroposon insertions are shared by the 16 Dasyuromorphia species analyzed, including the numbat, but are absent in the outgroups. An additional 11 other insertions are present in all Dasyuridae but are absent in the numbat. These findings place numbats as the sister group to all living Dasyuridae and show that the investigated Dasyuromorphia, including the Myrmecobiidae, constitutes a monophyletic group that is separated from Peramelemorphia, Notoryctemorphia, and other marsupials.
Expanding the Structural Diversity of Polyketides by Exploring the Cofactor Tolerance of an Inline Methyltransferase Domain (2013)

A strategy for introducing structural diversity into polyketides by exploiting the promiscuity of an in-line methyltransferase domain in a multidomain polyketide synthase is reported. In vitro investigations using the highly-reducing fungal polyketide synthase CazF revealed that its methyltransferase domain accepts the nonnatural cofactor propargylic Se-adenosyl-l-methionine and can transfer the propargyl moiety onto its growing polyketide chain. This propargylated polyketide product can then be further chain-extended and cyclized to form propargyl-α pyrone or be processed fully into the alkyne-containing 4'-propargyl-chaetoviridin A.
Intensive hydrogen bonding in a monomeric magnesium salicylate tetrahydrate (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntensive hydrogen bonding in a monomeric magnesium salicylate tetrahydrateSimon R. Drake, Kevin D. Sanderson, Michael B. Hursthouse, and K. M. Abdul MalikCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 6, 1041–1044Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00058a049RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (559 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Separation of Human Globin Chains by Ion-Exchange chromatography on Cm-Sepharose Cl-6B (1979)

A chromatographic procedure for the separation of human globin chains is described. This method uses CM-Sepharose CL-6B as ion-exchanger and NaCl gradients formed in sodium phosphate buffers containing urea and 0.05M mercaptoethanol to elute the chains. One advantage of this system is that a column, once packed, may be used repeatedly for several chain separations, thus reducing cost and practical work. The resolution in our hands was also better than that on CM-Cellulose using phosphate buffer gradients.
Host–pathogen protein interactions predicted by comparative modeling (2007)

Pathogens have evolved numerous strategies to infect their hosts, while hosts have evolved immune responses and other defenses to these foreign challenges. The vast majority of host-pathogen interactions involve protein-protein recognition, yet our current understanding of these interactions is limited. Here, we present and apply a computational whole-genome protocol that generates testable predictions of host-pathogen protein interactions. The protocol first scans the host and pathogen genomes for proteins with similarity to known protein complexes, then assesses these putative interactions, using structure if available, and, finally, filters the remaining interactions using biological context, such as the stage-specific expression of pathogen proteins and tissue expression of host proteins. The technique was applied to 10 pathogens, including species of Mycobacterium, apicomplexa, and kinetoplastida, responsible for "neglected" human diseases. The method was assessed by (1) comparison to a set of known host-pathogen interactions, (2) comparison to gene expression and essentiality data describing host and pathogen genes involved in infection, and (3) analysis of the functional properties of the human proteins predicted to interact with pathogen proteins, demonstrating an enrichment for functionally relevant host-pathogen interactions. We present several specific predictions that warrant experimental follow-up, including interactions from previously characterized mechanisms, such as cytoadhesion and protease inhibition, as well as suspected interactions in hypothesized networks, such as apoptotic pathways. Our computational method provides a means to mine whole-genome data and is complementary to experimental efforts in elucidating networks of host-pathogen protein interactions.
Development of an Inhibitor of raf Kinase (2004)

Our efforts to develop raf kinase inhibitors derive from the clear, causal role of Ras proteins in human cancer, and the understanding that raf kinase is a direct downstream effector of Ras action. K-ras is activated by mutation in more than 20% of all solid tumors, N-ras in 30% of leukemias and lymphomas, and H-ras in small numbers of solid and liquid tumors. In addition, normal Ras alleles are frequently amplified in human tumors, and pathways upstream of Ras are amplified (HER2/neu, for example) or activated by gene rearrangement (bcr-abl) or mutation such as epidermal growth factor (EGF)-receptor in glioblastoma, for example. For these reasons, Ras has long been considered a promising target for therapeutic intervention (reviewed in 1).
Frequency-domain diffuse optical tomography of breast tissue: detector size and imaging geometry (2002)

Some design considerations for frequency-domain diffuse optical tomography (FD-DOT) are examined in this paper. The effects of detector size upon the measurements are calculated, and indicate that when the detector is larger than 3 mm, there are phase shift and intensity changes which must be considered. Also a comparison of slab-type and circular-type computed tomography geometries demonstrates that both can be used equally well for finite element-based diffusion reconstruction. These calculations are important for the design and development of an optimized frequency-domain optical mammography imaging system.
Cannabinoid CB<sub>1</sub>and CB<sub>2</sub>Receptors and Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Are Specific Markers of Plaque Cell Subtypes in Human Multiple Sclerosis (2007)

Increasing evidence supports the idea of a beneficial effect of cannabinoid compounds for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, most experimental data come from animal models of MS. We investigated the status of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme in brain tissue samples obtained from MS patients. Areas of demyelination were identified and classified as active, chronic, and inactive plaques. CB1 and CB2 receptors and FAAH densities and cellular sites of expression were examined using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. In MS samples, cannabinoid CB1 receptors were expressed by cortical neurons, oligodendrocytes, and also oligodendrocyte precursor cells, demonstrated using double immunofluorescence with antibodies against the CB1 receptor with antibodies against type 2 microtubule-associated protein, myelin basic protein, and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha, respectively. CB1 receptors were also present in macrophages and infiltrated T-lymphocytes. Conversely, CB2 receptors were present in T-lymphocytes, astrocytes, and perivascular and reactive microglia (major histocompatibility complex class-II positive) in MS plaques. Specifically, CB2-positive microglial cells were evenly distributed within active plaques but were located in the periphery of chronic active plaques. FAAH expression was restricted to neurons and hypertrophic astrocytes. As seen for other neuroinflammatory conditions, selective glial expression of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors and FAAH enzyme is induced in MS, thus supporting a role for the endocannabinoid system in the pathogenesis and/or evolution of this disease.
Entrapment of L-Asparaginase in Red Blood Cells (2015)

Autologous red blood cells were loaded with L-asparaginase and injected intravenously into monkeys. A single dose of 1850 IU/Kg suppressed plasma asparagine for 19 days compared to 10 days for the same dose injected free in solution. Rabbit antisera to asparaginase was used to passively immunize guinea-pigs. These animals were then challenged with RBC-entrapped asparaginase versus asparaginase free in solution. RBC entrapment allowed a ten fold greater dose of asparaginase before anaphylaxis became a problem.RBC entrapment prolongs the duration of action of asparaginase and offers protection against anaphylaxis. Clinical trial in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia is recommended.
EVIDENCE FOR IgM TO IgG ISOTYPE SWITCHING IN THE HUMORAL RESPONSE TO XENOGRAFTS (1998)

730 The rejection of xenografts is primarily mediated by anti-donor antibodies. We have previously demonstrated that the early phases of this reaction are controlled by a closely-related family of Ig germline VH genes(VHHAR) expressed by IgM xenoantibodies. We have recently extended these studies to investigate whether the use of the VHHAR gene family is observed during the maturation of the anti-donor antibody response and if this response exhibits a switch from IgM to IgG antibody isotypes. Total RNA was extracted from splenocytes harvested from naive animals and xenograft recipients of hamster hearts at days 4, 8, 21 and 28 post-transplantation. cDNA libraries were prepared by using a RT-PCR technique, followed by PCR amplification with a primer (RVH1) specific for VHHAR genes and a second primer (RCG) specific for the common region in the CH2 of γ1, γ2a, γ2b and γ2c. The cDNA libraries were also used to estimate the precursory frequency of VHHAR gene family using a quantitative PCR technique. A plaque lift hybridization technique was used to establish the ratios of IgG subclasses used by antibodies mediating the response. At 21 days post transplantation, IgG antibodies expressing VHHAR genes exhibited a six-fold increase in usage; the IgG1 isotype of HAR-IgG accounted for the largest increase. Nucleotide sequence analysis demonstrated the existence of all HAR-IgG isotypes in naive rats, and the VH regions of IgG1 genes exhibited sequence identities with HAR genomic germline genes of 92.4 to 97.4% and 93.5 to 98.9% at 21 and 28 days post transplantation. VH germline progenitors of these clone could not be identified in rat liver genomic DNA, suggesting affinity maturation in their recognition of the target antigens due to somatic mutations. However, Ig VDJ gene rearrangements identical to those seen in IgM antibodies capable of causing hyperacute rejection are found in HAR-IgG library. We conclude that early stages of the humoral response to xenografts represents a T cell-independent pathway of antibody production by the graft recipients, while later stages contains both T cell-dependent and independent pathways. Additional studies in progress will address the relative contribution of these pathways to graft rejection in vivo.
Acupuncture on GB34 activates the precentral gyrus and prefrontal cortex in Parkinson’s disease (2014)

KCT0001122 at cris.nih.go.kr (registration date: 20140530).
Stable vesicles made from new triple-chain amphiphiles: long-term stability toward leakage of the trapped substances (1998)

Y. Sumida, A. Masuyama, H. Maekawa, M. Takasu, T. Kida, Y. Nakatsuji, I. Ikeda and M. Nojima, Chem. Commun., 1998, 2385 DOI: 10.1039/A806903D
The Performance Improvement of N<sub>2</sub> Plasma Treatment on ZrO<sub>2</sub> Gate Dielectric Thin-Film Transistors with Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition IGZO Channel (2016)

The aim of this paper is to illustrate the N2 plasma treatment for high-κ ZrO2 gate dielectric stack (30 nm) with indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). Experimental results reveal that a suitable incorporation of nitrogen atoms could enhance the device performance by eliminating the oxygen vacancies and provide an amorphous surface with better surface roughness. With N2 plasma treated ZrO2 gate, IGZO channel is fabricated by atmospheric pressure plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (AP-PECVD) technique. The best performance of the AP-PECVD IGZO TFTs are obtained with 20 W-90 sec N2 plasma treatment with field-effect mobility (μ(FET)) of 22.5 cm2/V-s, subthreshold swing (SS) of 155 mV/dec, and on/off current ratio (I(on)/I(off)) of 1.49 x 10(7).
Oxidation Behavior of RE-α-Sialon Ceramics (RE=Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Y, Ho, Er, Yb) (1993)

Eight kinds of RE-α-sialon (RE=Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Y, Ho, Er, Yb) were prepared by the sintering Si3N4, AlN and RE2O3 mixtures in a composition of RE0.5(Si, Al)12(O, N)16 in nitrogen, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The lattice constants, a and c, of Nd- to Dy-α-sialons were almost constant. When ionic radius was smaller than that of Dy3+, lattice constants increased with decreasing ionic radius of RE3+. The oxidation behavior of powders prepared by pulverizing these sialons was also examined in an air stream by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and XRD techniques. The DTA curves of these powders exhibited one or two exothermic peaks associated with the oxidation reaction in the range of 1200 and 1400°C. These peaks of Gd-, Dy-, Y-, Ho-, Er- and Yb-α-sialons shifted upwards with decreasing ionic radius of RE3+. The oxidation products formed by heating each sialon powder up to 1400°C were identified as α-cristobalite, RE2Si2O7 and Al2SiO5. Among these products, the amount of RE2Si2O7 in Er- and Yb-α-sialons was larger than that in other sialons. The amount of α-cristobalite was the smallest in the Yb-α-sialon.
Physiological Aspects of Communication Via Mutual Gaze (1980)

Eye contact between two people often serves as a channel of nonverbal communication. It may signal aggresive or dominating intent, as in a staredown, or it may convey an impression of close bonding, intimacy, or a request for aid, depending on how actors define the situation. Some theories of nonverbal communication assume that mutual gaze is physiologically arousing and that this arousal accounts in part for the efficacy of eye contact as a communication channel. The first experiment reported here shows that mutual gaze does indeed cause more physiological arousal than control conditions of nonmutual gaze. The second experiment demonstrates that an actor can communicate with another person by gazing in such a manner that he can manipulate that person's physiology. A third experiment demonstrates that a subject's response to a mutual gaze is a good predictor of his or her degree of influence (dominance) in subsequent social interaction. These results emphasize the rapid emergence of status differentiation in face-to-face interaction between strangers.
Metal-On-Metal Hip Replacements: Wear Performance and Cellular Response To Wear Particles (1999)

This study examined the clinical wear performance of second-generation metal-on-metal (M-M) total hips and evaluated the cellular reaction to, and characteristics of, the wear particles. Twenty cobalt chrome (CoCr) M-M THRs were studied, including ten Metasul conventional total hips (THRs), and ten McMinn surface replacements (SRs). As in the first-generation M-M hips, wear ranged from undetectable to 32 μm in the SR femoral shells (ave 15.7 ± 14 μm) and from undetectable to 19 μm in the THR balls (ave 10.1 ± 7 μm). Self-polishing of third body scratches was evident. Two THRs exhibited clusters of micropits, which had been described on first-generation M-M hips but these did not appear to correlate with accelerated wear. CoCr particles were either dense or amorphous and were mostly in the nanometer size range. There were generally fewer macrophages in the tissues than seen with M-PE THRs, and there was a more inflammatory response to bone cement particles compared with metal particles. Nevertheless, the long-term response to these very small CoCr particles should be monitored.
Chemistry and Kinetics of Dipropylcarbene in Solution (1999)

The photochemistry of 2-methoxy-2-methyl-5,5-dipropyl-Δ3-1,3,4-oxadiazoline (1a) and 2,2-dimethoxy-5,5-dipropyl-Δ3-1,3,4-oxadiazoline (1b) was investigated. Photolysis (300 nm) of these compounds in solution leads to fragmentation to 4-diazoheptane (major), which slowly forms the corresponding azine. Fragmentation to form 4-heptanone is also observed. Yields of 4-diazoheptane in CH2Cl2 are much larger than those in pentane. 4-Diazoheptane can be trapped with 1-pentene to form a pyrazoline or with methanol to form 4-methoxyheptane. The pyrazoline can be decomposed photochemically to form 1,1,2-tripropylcyclopropane. In solution, 4-diazoheptane is inefficiently photolyzed to dipropylcarbene (DPC), which can be trapped with piperidine or with pyridine in laser flash photolysis experiments. Analysis of the piperidine and pyridine data indicates that the lifetime of DPC in cyclohexane, methylene chloride, or Freon-113 (CF2ClCFCl2) solution at ambient temperature is controlled by 1,2 hydrogen migration to form Z- and E-3-heptene. The lifetime deduced under these conditions is ≈300 ps, which is about 20-fold shorter than that of dimethylcarbene in perfluorohexane at ambient temperature. Upon photolysis (254 nm) of oxadiazoline 1a in argon, 4-diazoheptane and 1-methoxydiazoethane are formed. These diazo compounds undergo subsequent photolysis that revealed the formation of methoxy(methyl)carbene and E- and Z-3-heptene. It was not possible to detect DPC in argon at 14 K.
ASSESSMENT OF GENERAL ENGINEERING COURSES IN THE UAE UNIVERSITY AND RECOMMENDATION ACTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT (2021)

The current study examined the Architectural Engineering (AE) students at the College of Engineering (COE) at United Arab Emirates University (UAEU) learning outcomes through assessing three main engineering requirement courses. The assessment is based on the direct method which consists of the achievement of the students and their capability to demonstrate mastery through actual work or work products such as presenting the facts. The CLOs have been assessed through Course Work (Quizzes, Home works, and Term Projects) and Examinations (Midterm and Final Exams). The course learning outcomes (CLOs) for each course for the AE program have been analyzed in terms of the level of achievement and compared with the overall achievements of all students enrolled in the same courses at the COE. This assessment has been carried out for three continuous semesters fall 2019, spring 2020, and fall 2020. Indeed, some deficiencies in terms of CLOs achievement which has been set below 70% are recorded and remedial actions have been provided for improvement. The second part of this study consists of the comparison of the attainment level of the CLOs of GENG215 course between two consecutive semesters fall 2019 and spring 2020. Indeed, this period was characterized by the drastic change in the teaching method moving from the traditional way of face-to-face interaction with students to online teaching.
The Effects of Oral or Intravenous Citrate on the Activation of Neutrophils In Vitro (1988)

Topical citrate has been shown to significantly reduce the severity and incidence of corneal ulceration in alkali-burned rabbit eyes. Subcutaneous injection of citrate significantly reduced the severity of ulceration. This study was performed to determine the plasma citrate and ionized calcium levels after systemic administration of citrate. Repeated ingestion of citric acid capsules showed a small increase in the plasma citrate level, but no significant change in the level of ionized serum calcium 30 min after the last ingestion. A single dose of Polycitra-LC (6.672 g of citrate) more than doubled the baseline citrate concentration but only induced a 5% decrease in the level of ionized serum calcium 30 min after ingestion. Neither regimen of orally administered citrate produced any significant effect on the respiratory burst or adherence of in vitro polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) resuspended in their respective plasma. In comparison studies, higher levels of plasma citrate and lower levels of ionized serum calcium were achieved through plateletpheresis. The respiratory burst and adherence of PMNs were not statistically different from baseline PMNs. However, there was an inverse correlation between the micromolar increase in citrate or the micromolar decrease in calcium and the respiratory burst. These results suggest that the use of oral citrate alone may not be practical, but does not preclude the use of oral citrate as a supplement to topical citrate.
A Case of Amantadine-Induced Corneal Edema (2009)

1 1 1 1 2 1 , 2 : (amantadine) . : 35 . 5% NaCl 3 0.2 (-2.0 Dsph -0.5 Dcyl Ax 90), 0.4 (-0.75 Dsph -2.0 Dcyl Ax 90) . , 1 0.5 (-1.5 Dsph), 0.7 (-1.0 Dsph -1.0 Dcyl Ax 90) . : .
Tracer Experiments on the Transfer of Technetium from Soil to Rice and Wheat Plants. (1992)

Laboratory experiments on the transfer of Tc from soil to rice and wheat plants have been carried out by using a 95mTctracer, added as TcO4-. The soil-plant transfer factors of Tc for rice plants were ≤50.005 for the grains (hulled) and about 1.1 for the lower leaf blade. In contrast to this, higher transfer factors were found for wheat plants, i. e. 0.027 for the grains (hulled) and 230 for the lower leaf blade. The Tc concentrations in the grains of both plants were lower than in the leaves. The level of Tc in the soil solution collected from the flooded soil was found to decrease rapidly with time. In the case of wheat plants grown in a non flooded soil, the decrease in the Tc level in the soil solution was rather slow. It was suggested that the Tc tracer added as TcO4- to the paddy soil was readily transformed to insoluble forms under the reducing conditions in the flooded soil. The low transfer factor observed for the rice plants could be explained by a fixation of Tc in the soil.
Über eine neue Synthese zur darstellung heterocyclisch substituierter Stilbenverbindungen, die Anil‐Sythese (1967)

Abstract Heterocyclische Ringsysteme aromatischen Charakters mit mindestens einem Ring‐Stickstoffatom, die eine oder mehrere p ‐Tolylgruppen oder in einem an den Heterocyclus ankondensierten Benzolring eine Methylgruppe in p ‐Stellung zu einer CN‐oder NC‐Gruppe des Heterocyclus enthalten, können in Dimethylformamid in Gegenwart von Kaliumhydroxid oder Kalium‐ t ‐butylat mit aromatischen Aldehydanilen zu heterocyclisch substituierten Stilbenverbindungen umgesetzt werden.