gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of optical multi-logic gates with single mode Fabry-Perot Laser diode (2012)

All-optical multi-logic gates using external cavity single mode Fabry-Perot laser diode is demonstrated at the data rate of 10 Gbps using injection locking phenomenon. Power management issues are introduced for multi-input and supporting beam concepts, which are used for the realization of logic gates. Waveform and eye diagrams are presented to verify proposed logic gates.
Overexpression of Mitochondrial Sirtuins Alters Glycolysis and Mitochondrial Function in HEK293 Cells (2014)

SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are mitochondrial deacylases that impact multiple facets of energy metabolism and mitochondrial function. SIRT3 activates several mitochondrial enzymes, SIRT4 represses its targets, and SIRT5 has been shown to both activate and repress mitochondrial enzymes. To gain insight into the relative effects of the mitochondrial sirtuins in governing mitochondrial energy metabolism, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 overexpressing HEK293 cells were directly compared. When grown under standard cell culture conditions (25 mM glucose) all three sirtuins induced increases in mitochondrial respiration, glycolysis, and glucose oxidation, but with no change in growth rate or in steady-state ATP concentration. Increased proton leak, as evidenced by oxygen consumption in the presence of oligomycin, appeared to explain much of the increase in basal oxygen utilization. Growth in 5 mM glucose normalized the elevations in basal oxygen consumption, proton leak, and glycolysis in all sirtuin over-expressing cells. While the above effects were common to all three mitochondrial sirtuins, some differences between the SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 expressing cells were noted. Only SIRT3 overexpression affected fatty acid metabolism, and only SIRT4 overexpression altered superoxide levels and mitochondrial membrane potential. We conclude that all three mitochondrial sirtuins can promote increased mitochondrial respiration and cellular metabolism. SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 appear to respond to excess glucose by inducing a coordinated increase of glycolysis and respiration, with the excess energy dissipated via proton leak.
Synthesis and properties of peroxy derivatives of epoxy resins based on Bisphenol A: Effects of the presence of boron trifluoride ethereate (2002)

AbstractOligomers containing peroxy groups have been synthesized on the basis of epoxides reacting with tert-butylhydroperoxide in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate. Dependence of reaction rates upon the quantity of catalyst, temperature and also nature of hydroperoxide has been investigated: A kinetic equation for the process has been formulated and also a kinetic scheme for the reaction taking into account the presence of boron trifluoride etherate is proposed. Structures of the synthesized peroxy oligomers have been confirmed by IR- and NMR-spectroscopy. The reaction initiating properties of the oligomers so synthesized were studied using as the example the styrene polymerization reaction.Keywords: Epoxy curingPeroxyBoron Trifluoride EtheratePeroxyStyrene polymerization
Structure and Dynamics of Lithium Polymer Electrolytes (1999)

The atomic structure and dynamics of PEO-LiClO4 and PEO-LiTFSI polymer electrolytes have been investigated by neutron scattering experiments and ab initio quantum chemical calculations. The Li+ ions are bonded to, on average, five ether-oxygen atoms of the polymer host with an average bond length of 2.1 Å. No cation-anion pairing is observed. On a time scale of 0.01 – 0.1 ns, the segmental motion of the PEO chains is significantly altered by the introduction of the salts compared to pure PEO. The cross-links through the Li-O coordination bonds are believed to be responsible for the change in the dynamics. These results are consistent with a mechanism in which Li+ ion transport takes place through the dynamical formation and disruption of Li-O bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphonium‐Based Ionic Liquids: An Overview (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Motion planning of a planar 3R manipulator utilising fluid flow trajectory generation (2012)

A novel approach to perform motion planning on 2 or 3 degrees-of-freedom manipulators utilising a fluid motion planning model is proposed. It is demonstrated that through the introduction of transformations, the conventional trajectory planning problem in the configuration space (C-space) can be efficiently solved from the closed form solution of the fluid motion planner. The proposed motion planner is designed to be computationally efficient for real-time implementation and dynamic environments. The manipulator fluid motion planner is demonstrated on a 3-DoF 3-revolute (3R) planar manipulator example. The results show the simplicity, effectiveness and potential of the proposed novel method in manipulator motion planning.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION IN INDOLES. PART 10. THE MECHANISM OF SUBSTITUTION N IN 4,6‐ AND 5,6‐DIMETHOXYINDOLES (1978)

Abstract Der Mechanismus der durch BFa‐etherat katalysierten Cyclisierung der Indolylalkohole (I) und (IIIb) ‐ präparativ beschrieben für (IIIb) [dargestellt aus (IIIa)] und (Ic) (analog dargestellt) ‐ zu den Carbazolderivaten (II) bzw. (IV) wird anhand von Versuchen mit deuterierten Verbindungen ausführlich untersucht (zwei simultane Reaktionswege: 1. Cyclisierung an der 3‐Stellung,‐2. direkter Angriff an der 2‐Stellung).
Transcriptional regulation: a new dominion for inositol phosphate signaling? (2000)

The diverse phosphorylation patterns of the six-carbon inositol ring generates a mesmerizing wealth of inositol phosphates but we have little insight into the precise cellular roles of most members of this family. Therefore, new information on these roles is very welcome. The discovery by two independent groups(1, 2) that the Arg82 transcriptional regulator from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has inositol phosphate kinase activity is intriguing in this respect. One group proposes that these events directly affect the function of a specific, multimeric transcriptional complex.(2) It will be argued here, however, that available data do not entirely support such a direct role for Arg82 in transcription. The potential relevance of these findings to higher organisms will also be discussed.
Free-Space Optical Time-Frequency Transfer Over 2 km (2013)

Precision free-space time-frequency transfer could advance fields where present microwave-based transfer is inadequate. We demonstrate an optical free-space link with femtosecond timing deviation and residual instability below 10−18 at 1000 seconds.
Proximal microdeletions and microduplications of 1q21.1 contribute to variable abnormal phenotypes (2020)

Chromosomal band 1q21.1 can be divided into two distinct regions, proximal and distal, based on segmental duplications that mediate recurrent rearrangements. Microdeletions and microduplications of the distal region within 1q21.1, which are susceptibility factors for a variety of neurodevelopmental phenotypes, have been more extensively studied than proximal microdeletions and microduplications. Proximal microdeletions are known as a susceptibility factor for thrombocytopenia-absent radius (TAR) syndrome, but it is unclear if these proximal microdeletions have other phenotypic consequences. Therefore, to elucidate the clinical significance of rearrangements of the proximal 1q21.1 region, we evaluated the phenotypes in patients identified with 1q21.1 rearrangements after referral for clinical microarray testing. We report clinical information for 55 probands with copy number variations (CNVs) involving proximal 1q21.1: 22 microdeletions and 20 reciprocal microduplications limited to proximal 1q21.1 and 13 microdeletions that include both the proximal and distal regions. Six individuals with proximal microdeletions have TAR syndrome. Three individuals with proximal microdeletions and two individuals with larger microdeletions of proximal and distal 1q21.1 have a ‘partial' TAR phenotype. Furthermore, one subject with TAR syndrome has a smaller, atypical deletion, narrowing the critical deletion region for the syndrome. Otherwise, phenotypic features varied among individuals with these microdeletions and microduplications. The recurrent, proximal 1q21.1 microduplications are enriched in our population undergoing genetic testing compared with control populations. Therefore, CNVs in proximal 1q21.1 can be a contributing factor for the development of abnormal phenotypes in some carriers.
ChemInform Abstract: SEVEN‐MEMBERED HETEROCYCLES. 25. SYNTHESIS OF 1‐ AND 5‐ARYL‐2,4‐BENZOTHIAZEPINES (1978)

Abstract Das Dibromid (I) reagiert mit den Thioharnstoffen (II) zu den Isothiuroniumsalzen (III); im Falle der N,N′‐Dialkylthioharnstoffe (IIb) und (IIc) werden daneben auch die Bis‐Produkte (VIa) bzw. (VIb) gebildet; bei den cyclischen Thioharnstoffen (IId), (IIe) entstehen solche Bis‐Produkte (VIc), wenn überhaupt, nur in geringer Menge.
Successful Hydrajet Acid Squeeze and Multifracture Acid Treatments in Horizontal Open Holes Using Dynamic Diversion Process and Downhole Mixing (2001)

Abstract Effective stimulation of wells with long, openhole horizontal completions is generally considered a difficult task, especially in low-permeability carbonate reservoirs that require deep penetration with live acid. Because the creation of multiple effective fractures, the opening (etching) of existing fractures, or the creation of extensive wormholes is generally desired, this task becomes even more difficult, time-consuming, and expensive if conventional acidizing processes are used. If the live acid is not channeled properly, it will be spent rapidly at unwanted locations, often greatly enlarging the fluid-entry point. Under such circumstances, creating etched fractures or wormholes of any significant lengths can be nearly impossible. A relatively new hydrajet fracturing process can be used to solve this problem. This process can be used in two ways: (1) dynamic fluid energy is used to divert flow into a specific fracture entry point to initiate a fracture at the intended location with live acid directed into this fracture plane, (2) high-pressure downhole mixing is used to create foam for high-intensity acid squeezes. This technique typically uses two independent fluid streams, one in the treating string and another in the annulus. The two fluids (if dissimilar) are mixed downhole at a tremendously high energy to form a homogenous mixture. This paper discusses and compares the results of conventional acid treatments with various styles of hydrajet fracture-acidizing treatments performed in several openhole horizontal wells within two different areas of the same formation. The novel use of the downhole mixing feature is also discussed.
Metabolic profiling of antiangiogenic agents on glioma cells. (2014)

e13023 Background: The direct impact on glioma cells metabolism of drugs targeting the VEGF, such as Bevacizumab (Bev) or VEGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI), are poorly known. Glioma cells not only secrete high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) but also express VEGF receptors (VEGFR), supporting the existence of an autocrine loop. Methods: U87 cells were treated with Bev or SU1498, a selective VEGFR2 TKI. Cell proliferation and morphology was assessed after 24 and 48 hours. VEGFR expression was checked with FACS flow cytometry and VEGF secretion into the medium assessed with an ELISA kit. Metabolomic studies on cells were performed using High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Spectroscopy (HR-MAS). Results: Metabolomic studies with HR MAS showed that Bev had no significant effect on cell metabolism, while SU1498 induced a marked increase in lipids and a decrease in glycerophosphocholine. U87 cells secreted VEGF and expressed low level of VEGFR2, but no detectable VEGFR1. Exposure to SU1498, but not Bev, significantly impacted cell proliferation and morphology. Conclusions: In patients treated with VEGFR TKI, monitoring lipids with magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRS) might be a valuable marker to assess drug cytotoxicity. Although both drugs target the VEGF pathway, only SU1498 showed a clear impact on cell proliferation, cell morphology and metabolism. Bevacizumab is thus less likely to modify glioma cells phenotype due to a direct therapeutic pressure on the VEGF autocrine loop.
The Role of Membrane Phospholipid in Expression of Erythrocyte Rh0(D) Antigen Activity (1980)

Previous investigators have reported that the expression of Rho(D) antigen activity by human erythrocytes and their membranes depended on the presence of phospholipid. In order to further elucidate the role of phospholipids in expression of Rho(D) antigen activity, erythrocyte membranes and partially purified Rho(D) antigens were incubated with bee venom phospholipase A2. Treatment of erythrocyte membranes with phospholipase A2 resulted in loss of Rho(D) antigen activity as detected by hemagglutination inhibition assays. However, subsequent solubilization of these treated membranes with deoxycholate allowed recovery of Rho(D) antigen activity. Phospholipase treatment of solubilized Rho(D) antigens, which had been partially purified by affinity chromatography on anti-Rho(D) IgG agarose columns, did not destroy Rho(D) antigen activity. These results suggested that phospholipids did not affect the antigenic determinants of the Rho(D) antigen since solubilized, partially purified Rho(D) antigens retained their antigenicity following exposure to phospholipase. Phospholipids were presumably required for proper orientation of Rho(D) antigens within erythrocyte membranes since Rho(D) membranes lost their antigenicity following phospholipase treatment.
Variations on Information Embedding in Multiple Access and Broadcast Channels (2010)

Information embedding (IE) is the transmission of information within a host signal subject to a distortion constraint. There are two types of embedding methods, namely irreversible IE and reversible IE, depending upon whether or not the host, as well as the message, is recovered at the decoder. In irreversible IE, only the embedded message is recovered at the decoder, and in reversible IE, both the message and the host are recovered at the decoder. In this paper, combinations of irreversible and reversible IE in multiple access channels (MAC) and physically degraded broadcast channels (BC) are considered. In this paper, MAC IE in which separate encoders embed their messages into their host signals subject to distortion constraints is considered. The embedded signals from the two encoders are transmitted to a single decoder across a MAC. For the MAC IE model, the following three cases are considered: A) no host recovery at the decoder, B) lossless recovery of one host at the decoder, and C) lossless recovery of both hosts at the decoder. For the cases A and B, inner bounds on the respective capacity regions are developed. For the case C, inner and outer bounds on the capacity region are developed, and the capacity region is obtained if the hosts are independent. In this paper, BC IE in which two messages intended for separate decoders are embedded into a given host sequence by a single encoder subject to a distortion constraint is also considered. For the BC IE model, the following four cases are considered: A') lossless recovery of the host sequence at neither of the decoders, B') lossless recovery of the host sequence at only the better decoder, C') lossless recovery of the host sequence at both decoders, and D') lossless recovery of the host sequence at only the worse decoder. For cases A' and B', inner and outer bounds on the respective capacity regions are developed. For cases C' and D', the identical capacity regions are obtained.
Role of coated vesicles, microfilaments, and calmodulin in receptor-mediated endocytosis by cultured B lymphoblastoid cells. (1980)

Cell surface receptor IgM molecules of cultured human lymlphoblastoid cells (WiL2) patch and redistribute into a cap over the Golgi region of the cell after treatment with multivalent anti-IgM antibodies. During and after the redistribution, ligand-receptor clusters are endocytosed into coated pits and coated vesicles. Morphometric analysis of the distribution of ferritin-labeled ligand at EM resolution reveals the following sequence of events in the endocytosis of cell surface IgM: (a) binding of the multivalent ligand in a diffuse cell surface distribution, (b) clustering of the ligand-receptor complexes, (c) recruitment of clathrin coats to the cytoplasmic surface of the cell membrane opposite ligand-receptor clusters, (d) assembly and (e) internalization of coated vesicles, and (f) delivery of label into a large vesicular compartment, presumably partly lysosomal. Most of the labeled ligand enters this pathway. The recruitment of clathrin coats to the membrane opposite ligand-receptor clusters is sensitive to the calmodulin-directed drug Stelazine (trifluoperazine dihydrochloride). In addition, Stelazine inhibits an alternate pathway of endocytosis that does not involve coated vesicle formation. The actin-directed drug dihydrocytochalasin B has no effect on the recruitment of clathrin to the ligand-receptor clusters and the formation of coated pits and little effect on the alternate pathway, but this drug does interfere with subsequent coated vesicle formation and it inhibits capping. Cortical microfilaments that decorate with heavy meromyosin with constant polarity are observed in association with the coated regions of the plasma membrane and with coated vesicles. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of a coated vesicle preparation isolated from WiL2 cells demonstrates that the major polypeptides in the fraction are a 175-kdalton component that comigrates with calf brain clathrin, a 42-kdalton component that comigrates with rabbit muscle actin and a 18.5-kdalton minor component that comigrates with calmodulin as well as 110-, 70-, 55-, 36-, 30-, and 17-kdalton components. These results clarify the pathways of endocytosis in this cell and suggest functional roles for calmodulin, especially in the formation of clathrin-coated pits, and for actin microfilaments in coated vesicle formation and in capping.
Sputter process investigation: Material and environment interaction processes investigation (1994)

The multilayer Ellipsometry program has been developed with which the thickness and the optical properties of top layer can be determined with the additional information obtained from other measurement such as the optical constant of the middle layer film. Once the proper parameters are input into the program, the multilayer Ellipsometry program which was developed by H. Kim and Dr. Fromhold gives the best possible set of the solutions for the top layer thickness or its optical index graphically on a PC screen. In this report the basic two layer Ellipsometry theory will be summarized briefly as well as the one layer case. All the code is written in Microsoft Quickbasic version 4.5 for IBM PC with a VGA color graphics monitor so that the measurement could be cross-checked out graphically on the screen.
Performance evaluation of an IEEE 802.4 LAN (1990)

An IEEE 802.4 local area network (LAN) can be analyzed by two different approaches. The first approach focuses on aspects of the network, or protocol, which affect performance. In the IEEE 802.4 token bus protocol, the key performance measurements of token rotation time and network efficiency can be altered by defining several parameters. Experiments on a real token bus network showed that by carefully selecting these parameters to match characteristics of the given application, the tradeoff between token rotation time and efficiency can be optimized. The second approach emphasizes the performance level of the individual station provided by VLSI integrated circuits. The relevant measures of performance, which were analyzed for the MC68824 Token Bus Controller (TBC), include percentage of bus bandwidth, the contribution of the TBC to station delay, and the ability of the TBC to avoid the transmit underrun and receive overrun error conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chapter 5. Encapsulation of [60]Fullerene into Dendritic Materials to Facilitate their Nanoscopic Organization (2007)

Since [60]fullerene (C60) became available in macroscopic quantities in 1990,1 the properties of this fascinating carbon cage have been intensively investigated. Among the most spectacular findings, C60 was found to behave like an electronegative molecule able to reversibly accept up to six electron...
Fatigue crack propagation in metal-matrix/metal-fibre composites (1976)

The growth of fatigue cracks in composites consisting of Al-4%Cu reinforced with strong tungsten wires has been studied during fully reversed tension/compression cycling of double edge-notched plates. The rate of crack growth dc/dN which is related to the range of stress intensity factor Delta K obeys the same power law which describes crack growth in a wide variety of materials, although the exponent is five rather than the theoretically predicted value of four. The stress intensity range for a given crack growth rate appears to vary with fibre volume fraction in the same way as the ordinary fracture toughness K which is determined in monotonic tensile tests on notched samples.
Speaker recognition by Gaussian information bottleneck (2009)

This paper explores a novel approach for the extraction of relevant information in speaker recognition tasks.This approach uses a principled information theoretic frameworkthe Information Bottleneck method (IB).In our application, the method compresses the acoustic data while preserving mostly the relevant information for speaker identification.This paper focuses on a continuous version of the IB method known as the Gaussian Information Bottleneck (GIB).This version assumes that both the source and target variables are high dimensional multivariate Gaussian variables.The GIB was applied in our work to the Super Vector (SV) dimension reduction conundrum.Experiments were conducted on the male part of the NIST SRE 2005 corpora.The GIB representation was compared to other dimension reduction techniques and to a baseline system.In our experiments, the GIB outperformed the baseline system; achieving a 6.1% Equal Error Rate (EER) compared to the 15.1% EER of a baseline system.
Computational Models of Classical Conditioning: A Comparative Study (1998)

We describe computer simulations of a number of associative models of classical conditioning in an attempt to assess the strengths and weaknesses of each The behavior of the Sutton-Barto model, the TD model, the Klopf model, the Balkenius model and the Schmajuk-DiCarlo model are investigated. All models are shown to have problems explaining some of the available experimental data. The IST curves for trace and delay conditioning for all the models are presented together with simulations of acquisition and extinction, reacquisition, blocking, conditioned inhibition, secondary conditioning and facilitation by an extra stimulus. We also present cases where some of the models show an unexpected behavior.