gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Web-log-driven business activity monitoring (2005)

Business process transformation defines a new level of business optimization that manifests as a range of industry-specific initiatives that bring processes, people, and information together to optimize efficiency. This new optimization level is possible because the Web has assumed the role of a common infrastructure. To examine how BPT can optimize an organization's processes, we describe a corporate initiative that was developed within IBM's supply chain organization to transform the import compliance process that supports the company's global logistics. The initiative sought to give IBM greater awareness of regulatory compliance exceptions - information critical to the corporation and its importing partners.
Literaturverzeichnis (2020)

In dieser Arbeit wird am Beispiel eines hybridisierten Doppelkupplungsgetriebes und einer elektrisch angetriebenen Hinterachse eine Simulationsmethodik für die Entwicklung von hybriden Antriebssträngen vorgestellt und deren Tauglichkeit mittels eines Demonstratorfahrzeuges verifziert. Die Simulationsmethodik berücksichtigt dabei die unterschiedlichen Entwicklungsphasen von der Systemanforderung zum Systementwurf, über die Integration bis hin zur Validierung. Für die Anforderungsanalyse bzw. den Entwurf wird ein vereinfachtes quasistationäres Verbrauchsberechnungsmodell vorgestellt und unterschiedliche Konfgurationen eines hybriden Antriebsstranges analysiert. Ein detailliertes längsdynamisches Simulationsprogramm wird für die Untersuchung und Validierung von realen Komponenten zu einem späteren Entwicklungszeitpunkt beschrieben. Um beide Simulationsprogramme realitätsnah betreiben zu können, wird eine allgemeine Betriebsstrategie für Hybridfahrzeuge erläutert. Außerdem we...
Cytokinetic failure and asynchronous nuclear division in BHK cells overexpressing a truncated protein-tyrosine-phosphatase. (1992)

Previous work has shown that a T-cell protein-tyrosine-phosphatase truncated in its carboxyl-terminal domain (delta C11.PTP) has full enzymatic activity but no longer localizes in the particulate fraction of the cell. Two baby hamster kidney (BHK) cell lines overexpressing the truncated protein are markedly multinucleate, a state likely caused by a failure in cytokinesis. Nuclei within syncytial cells overexpressing delta C11.PTP display a remarkable asynchronous entry into mitosis. The effects require tyrosine phosphatase activity because expression of an inactive form of the truncated enzyme yields cells indistinguishable from the parental cell line. Redistribution of the enzyme from the particulate to the soluble fraction is apparently important to these observed effects because cells overexpressing the full-length, wild-type enzyme are morphologically similar to controls. Further, when these cells contain more than one nucleus, their syncytial nuclei undergo mitosis synchronously.
Synthesis of cationic organometallic calixarene hosts by direct metalation of the outer face (1994)

Complexation of the aromatic rings of various calix[4]arenes to transition metal containing moieties results in significant changes to the solubility, acidity and host–guest properties of the macrocycles.
Design and Analysis of Green Optical Line Terminal for TDM Passive Optical Networks (2015)

This paper proposes a novel scheme which can efficiently reduce the energy consumption of Optical Line Terminals (OLTs) in Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) Passive Optical Networks (PONs) such as EPON and GPON. Currently, OLTs consume a significant amount of energy in PON, which is one of the major FTTx technologies. To be environmentally friendly, it is desirable to reduce energy consumption of OLT as much as possible; such requirement becomes even more urgent as OLT keeps increasing its provisioning data rate, and higher data rate provisioning usually implies higher energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a novel energy-efficient OLT structure which guarantees services of end users with the smallest number of power-on OLT line cards. More specifically, we adapt the number of power-on OLT line cards to the real-time incoming traffic. Also, in order to avoid service disruption resulted by powering off OLT line cards, proper optical switches are equipped in OLT to dynamically configure the communications between OLT line cards and ONUs.
Intelligent control using agents and fuzzy behavioural structures (2002)

The paper describes the use of agents and fuzzy behavioural structures as the basis for a hierarchical intelligent control system designed for systems operating in semi-structured environments. The paper reviews the current theories of robot control, fuzzy logic and behavioural control and proposes a structure of agents and fuzzy behaviours as an alternative system aiming at addressing issues arising from the required speed of processing, coping with partial environmental abstraction and the demands for robust control. The paper also examines some of the advantages of this approach compared to existing techniques and illustrates how the method operates in some typical applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Experiments Towards the Preparation of 6‐Hydroxy‐, 6‐Methoxy‐, and 6‐(Hydroxyphenyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,4‐diazepinium Salts and 1,2‐Dihydro‐5‐(hydroxyphenyl)‐2‐oxopyrimidinium Salts. (1986)

Abstract Attempted preparation of the diazepinium salts (I) provides products other than diazepinium salts; the salts (IV), however, can be prepared by reaction of the diamines (IIa), (IIb) with the malonaldehyde (III).
A Convergence Theorem for Certain Riemann Sums (1969)

For a Riemann integrable function f on the interval [0,1], let and consider the Riemann sums
Identification of a gain system with binary input and output measurements (2015)

This paper studies the identification problem of a gain system using both input and output quantized data. Specifically, the system input and the output are separately quantized into one bit before sent to a remote estimator, which generates a recursive algorithm to identify the system. If the random input is an independent and identical Gaussian process, we develop the identification algorithms respectively by using the empirical measure and the maximum likelihood estimation, which is given in a recursive form by the EM and quasi-Newton iterations. Finally, simulations are included to validate theoretical results.
Comparison of the Phase Metrics DFHT IV and Zygo Pegasus 2000 fly height testers (2001)

The performance of the Phase Metrics DFHT IV (DFHT) fly height tester was compared with the performance of the Zygo Pegasus 2000 (P2000) fly height tester. The testers showed comparable repeatabilities (0.25 nm for the DFHT and 0.30 nm for the P2000) and correlated well at all points except at the center rail trailing edge. The DFHT had a measurement uncertainty of 0.76 nm at a fly height of 25 nm and 0.35 nm near contact. Similarly the P2000 exhibited an uncertainty of 1 nm at 25 nm and 0.5 nm at contact. The measurement uncertainty of the DFHT is due to calibration at a location different from the measurement location; for the P2000, it is primarily due to residual uncertainty in the correction for stress-induced birefringence in the test disk. The P2000 did not recognize the presence of small diamondlike carbon bumps on the air bearing surface. There was a consistent 3-nm absolute offset between the fly height measurements of the two testers. Neither tester possessed a clear advantage over the other in the approaching era of near-contact recording.
Specificity and Kinetic Studies on the Cleavage of Various Prohormone Mono- and Paired-basic Residue Sites by Yeast Aspartic Protease 3 (1996)

The specificity and relative efficiency of cleavage of mono- and paired-basic residue processing sites by YAP3p was determined in vitro for a number of prohormone substrates: human ACTH1 39, bovine proinsulin, porcine cholecystokinin 33, cholecystokinin (CCK) 13-33, dynorphin A(1-11), dynorphin B(1-13), and amidorphin. YAP3p generated ACTH1-15 from ACTH1-39. It cleaved proinsulin at the paired-basic residue sites of the B-C junction as well as the C-A junction. Leu-enkephalin-Arg and Leu-enkephalin-Arg-Arg were generated from dynorphin A and dynorphin B, respectively. YAP3p generated Met-enkephalin-Lys-Lys from amidorphin showing that cleavage by this enzyme can occur at a lone pair of Lys residues. CCK33 was cleaved at Lys23 and Arg9, each containing an upstream Arg residue at the P6 and P5 position, respectively. Km values were between 10(-4) and 10(-5) M for the various substrates, with the highest affinity exhibited for the tetrabasic site of ACTH1-39 (1.8 x 10(-5) M). The tetrabasic residue site of ACTH1-39 was cleaved with the highest relative efficiency (kcat/Km = 3.1 x 10(6) m-1 s-1), while that of the monobasic site of CCK13-33 and the paired-basic site of proinsulin B-C junction, were cleaved less efficiently at 4.2 x 10(4) m-1 s-1 and 1.6 x 10(4) m-1 s-1, respectively.
Mechanism of metabolic stroke and spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage in glutaric aciduria type I (2014)

Background: Metabolic stroke is the rapid onset of lasting central neurological deficit associated with decompensation of an underlying metabolic disorder. Glutaric aciduria type I (GA1) is an inherited disorder of lysine and tryptophan metabolism presenting with metabolic stroke in infancy. The clinical presentation includes bilateral striatal necrosis and spontaneous subdural and retinal hemorrhages, which has been frequently misdiagnosed as non-accidental head trauma. The mechanisms underlying metabolic stroke and spontaneous hemorrhage are poorly understood. Results: Using a mouse model of GA1, we show that metabolic stroke progresses in the opposite sequence of ischemic stroke, with initial neuronal swelling and vacuole formation leading to cerebral capillary occlusion. Focal regions of cortical followed by striatal capillaries are occluded with shunting to larger non-exchange vessels leading to early filling and dilation of deep cerebral veins. Blood-brain barrier breakdown was associated with displacement of tight-junction protein Occludin. Conclusion: Together the current findings illuminate the pathophysiology of metabolic stroke and vascular compromise in GA1, which may translate to other neurometabolic disorders presenting with stroke.
Trap creation in silicon dioxide produced by hot electrons (1989)

Trap creation in both the bulk of silicon dioxide films and at its interfaces with silicon and metallic contacting electrodes is shown to depend on the presence of hot electrons in the oxide. For thick oxides (≥100 Å), little trap creation is observed in the near-thermal transport regime at electric field magnitudes less than 1.5 MV/cm. At these low fields, electrons travel in a streaming fashion close to the bottom of the oxide conduction band at energies less than that of the dominant optical phonon mode at 0.153 eV. At higher electric fields, the rate of bulk trap creation is proportional to the average energy of the hot electrons, which move in a dispersive manner and can reach energies as large as 4 eV. For thin oxides (&lt;100 Å) where electrons can travel ballistically (i.e., without scattering), traps are not produced unless injected electrons acquire more than 2 eV of kinetic energy from the applied electric field, regardless of the magnitude of this field. All data on both thin and thick oxides are shown to give a threshold for trap creation of about 2.3 eV by the hot electrons in the oxide conduction band. Also, trap creation is shown to be suppressed by lowering the lattice temperature below ≊150 K. Our results are discussed in terms of a model involving hydrogen-related-species release from defect sites near the anode by the hot electrons and the subsequent motion of these molecules to regions near the cathode where they can interact with the lattice and form the trapping sites which are measured.
Alternating Linewidths and Related Phenomena in the Electron Spin Resonance Spectra of Nitro-Substituted Benzene Anions (1964)

Studies of linewidths in the electron spin resonance spectra of a number of nitro-substituted benzene anions are reported. The radicals were generated electrolytically in N,N-dimethylformamide solutions, and spectra were obtained over a range from above to below room temperature. Pronounced alternations in the linewidths of the nitrogen lines in many of the spectra were observed. If MN is the total z component of the nuclear spin angular momentum in compounds containing two equivalent nitrogen nuclei, the alternating linewidth phenomenon causes a broadening of the lines for which MN=±1 and a reduction in the amplitude of the central line. Large alternating linewidths were observed in the room-temperature spectra of the anions of dinitrodurene, dinitromesitylene, and 2,6-dinitro-3,5-dimethyl-4-acetyl-t-butylbenzene; and also in a spectrum which shows splittings from two equivalent nitrogen nuclei that was obtained from trinitromesitylene. Slight alternating linewidth effects at room temperature that became more marked at low temperatures were found in the spectra of the 2,6-dinitrotoluene and m-dinitrobenzene anions. No linewidth alternations were detectable even at low temperatures in the spectra of the o-dinitrobenzene, p-dinitrobenzene, and 2,6-dinitrophenolate anions. The 2,6-dinitroaniline anion, which was investigated only at room temperature, showed no evidence of an alternating linewidth effect. None of the spectra of the mononitrobenzene anions examined exhibited any anomalous linewidth phenomena. The experimental observations are in general agreement with the recently developed theory of linewidths. The theory attributes the alternation in widths in these radicals to an out-of-phase correlation of a modulation of the isotropic hyperfine splittings of the two equivalent nitrogen nuclei. This out-of-phase modulation probably arises from either fluctuating solvent complexes with the nitro groups, or from internal rotations of these groups relative to the plane of the benzene ring, and both types of motion may occur simultaneously. Steric hindrance of the nitro groups was found to enhance the magnitude of the alternations in width, as did lowering of the temperature.
PERTURBATIONS IN THE $v_{1}$ AND $2v_{1}$ SPECTRA OF PROPYNE (1991)

Author Institution: Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado; Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado
Numerical calculation of the global and local components of the neutron noise field in BWR's (1979)

The calculation of the local and global components of the neutron noise field is illustrated. Agreement with experimental results is excellent above 6 H/sub 2/ frequency. The discrepancy at lower frequencies indicates the inadequacy of the point kinetics model to describe the global component of the neutron noise in large BWRs.
Skeletal morbidities in the prostate cancer (PC) patient. (2015)

e16106 Background: Individuals with PC are at risk for skeletal complications and functional impairments secondary to metastatic disease and treatments. Underappreciated is the impact of age related changes and non-skeletal comorbidities that can adversely affect spinal stability and compromise functional status. Methods: Retrospective review of individuals with PC evaluated in a joint medical oncology and physiatry clinic. Data was collected on symptoms, clinical findings, function, imaging and underlying etiology. Results: 78 men of 163 had complaints prompting referral to physiatry. 63% had osseous metastases. 37% had age related spine changes without metastases. Most common symptoms were back pain (52%), musculoskeletal non-spine pain (23%), weakness and decreased endurance (32%), and neurological impairments (26%). Often multiple complaints were reported. Overall, 49% of cases had back pain in the lumbar spine felt to be age related, 39% from metastases, 12% had multifactorial etiology. Musculoskeletal pain was noted during 23% of cases, which was the result of degenerative changes in 78%. Generalized weakness and decreased endurance reported in 32% of encounters was all treatment related. Neurological impairments reported in 26% of encounters, included sensory changes, focal weakness, balance impairments, gait abnormalities and bowel and bladder dysfunction. 50% of neurological impairments were cancer related either from treatment or epidural disease. Recommendations included skilled physical and/or occupational therapies, correction of body mechanics, education on safe exercise and precautions, bracing, and medical management of symptoms. When indicated discussions were held with the treating oncologist regarding ongoing oncologic treatment. Conclusions: Age related changes and non-skeletal comorbidities are prevalent in the PC population. Focused assessment allows for guidance on decision making and rehabilitation interventions improving functional status and potentially preventing negative outcomes. Further study is needed to fully understand the interplay of age related changes, non-skeletal co-morbidities, bone metastases and treatment on the development of symptoms and functional impairments.
Confined growth of silicon nanowires as a possible process for third generation solar cells (2010)

Abstract A generic method for the growth of high density silicon nanowires in nano channels of alumina is presented. All fabrication steps are shown. Using nanoimprint lithography, fabricated porous alumina matrices present a perfect triangular array of vertical cylindrical pores. The gold catalyst was deposited at the bottom of the pores by an electrochemical way and catalytic growth of silicon nanowires was performed in a Chemical‐Vapour‐Deposition reactor. Scanning Electron Microscopy images are presented and detailed. We show that this system is the first step for the elaboration of a solar cell based on silicon core‐shell nanowires. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Current Advances in Anhydrous HF/Organic Solvent Processing of Semiconductor Surfaces (2009)

The process in which anhydrous HF (AHF) is mixed with the vapor of an organic solvent for the purpose of etching of native SiO2 on Si surfaces is well established (e.g [1-4]). The process was also explored as part of a dry-wet wafer cleaning sequence [5]. More recently, the same process has been successfully expanded into MEMS technology for the purpose of stiction-free releasing of structures by isotropic etching of sacrificial SiO2 [6,7]. The current strong push in advanced Si digital IC technology toward extremely fragile 3D geometries engraved on Si wafer surfaces, in which case conventional etch methods may not work properly [8], as well as needs with regard to native oxide etching in emerging Si-based technologies such as solar cell manufacturing has brought about renewed interest in AHF technology.
Universal estimation of directed information (2010)

In this paper, we develop a universal algorithm to estimate Massey's directed information for stationary ergodic processes. The sequential probability assignment induced by a universal source code plays the critical role in the estimation. In particular, we use context tree weighting to implement the algorithm. Some numerical results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
o-Nitrophenyltriflates in Quinoline Synthesis: Easy Access to a Streptonigrin Synthon (1998)

An efficient route to a wide range of 2-hydroxyquinolines from onitrophenyltriflates via a Heck reaction is reported, with emphasis on the preparation of a synthetic equivalent of the streptonigrin AB ring system.Streptonigrin (1) is a highly functionalised tetracyclic compound which shows potent anticancer activity.'Whereas previous total syntheses2 involved complex ring forming reactions and functional group manipulations, our overall strategy is more convergent and based on the use of preformed rings.As past of our investigation, preparation of the AB quinoline-quinone structure came under attention.Our strategy involves the Heck reaction' of an appropriately-substituted benzene with methyl acrylate, followed by cyclisation, to afford a substituted 2-hydroxyquinoline which can be converted into the reactive 5.8-dione in the latter stages of the synthesis.Conversion of the 2-hydroxyquinoline into the 2-chloro or 2-triflyl derivative would provide a suitable substrate for palladium catalysed cross coupling to the CD moiety.
Characterization of precipitate morphology and composition in a Nb/V microalloyed steel (1983)

It is now well known that small additions of Nb, Ti or V can have a significant effect on the structure and properties of low-carbon steels. Appropriate control of composition and processing produces a refined ferrite grain size and a fine precipitate dispersion, the result being an outstanding combination of strength and toughness. These structural changes are both strongly influenced by the dissolution and re-precipitation of alloy carbonitrides during processing. Therefore, characterization of the precipitate morphology/composition in the final product is important in optimizing the design and processing of microalloyed steels. In this investigation, a control-rolled microalloyed steel was evaluated with a modern analytical electron microscope. Material was taken from 0.75-inch-thick plates with a nominal composition of 0.15C, 1.50Mn, 0.04Nb, 0.08V, 0.003Ti, 0.04A1 and 0.010N. Samples were prepared for extraction replicas by standard metallographic techniques, etched in 2% nital for about 30 seconds and then stripped with cellulose acetate. After backing with carbon, the replicas were placed on copper grids and the cellulose acetate dissolved.
Absence of mechanical loading <i>in utero</i> influences bone mass and architecture but not innervation in Myod‐Myf5‐deficient mice (2007)

Although the responses of bone to increased loading or exercise have been studied in detail, our understanding of the effects of decreased usage of the skeleton has been limited by the scarcity of suitable models. Such models should ideally not affect bone innervation, which appears to be a mediator of physiological responses of bone to unloading. MyoD-/-/Myf5-/- (dd/ff) mice lack skeletal muscle, so the fetuses develop without any active movement in utero and die soon after birth. We used micro-compter tomography and histology to analyse their bone development and structure during endochondral ossification in parallel with the establishment of bone innervation. Long bones from mutant mice were found to be profoundly different from controls, with shorter mineralized zones and less mineralization. They lacked many characteristics of adult bones - curvatures, changes in shaft diameter and traction epiphyses where muscles originate or insert - that were evident in the controls. Histologically, dd/ff mice showed the same degree of endochondral development as wild-type animals, but presented many more osteoclasts in the newly layed bone. Innervation and the expression pattern of semaphorin-3A signalling molecules were not disturbed in the mutants. Overall, we have found no evidence for a major defect of development in dd/ff mice, and specifically no alteration or delay in endochondral ossification and bone innervation. The altered morphological features of dd/ff mice and the increased bone resorption show the role of muscle activity in bone shaping and the consequences of bone unloading.