gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced glycation endproduct-induced aging of the retinal pigment epithelium and choroid: A comprehensive transcriptional response (2005)

Advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) formation is a trigger for the onset of age-related disease. To evaluate AGE-induced change in the ocular fundus, 5-mo-old C57BL/6 mice were given low-dose D-galactose (D-gal) for 8 wk and evaluated by AGE fluorescence, electroretinography (ERG), electron microscopy, and microarray analysis for 20 wk. Although AGE fluorescence was increased in D-gal-treated retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroid compared with controls at all time points, ERG showed no AGE-induced functional toxicity. Progressive ultrastructural aging in the RPE-choroid was associated temporally with a transcriptional response of early inflammation, matrix expansion, and aberrant lipid processing and, later, down-regulation of energy metabolism genes, up-regulation of crystallin genes, and altered expression of cell structure genes. The overall transcriptome is similar to the generalized aging response of unrelated cell types. A subset of transcriptional changes is similar to early atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by matrix expansion and lipid deposition. These changes suggest an important contribution of a single environmental stimulus to the complex aging response.
Preliminary tests of an integrated gas turbine-solar particle heating and energy storage system (2018)

Worldwide research efforts are aiming to push the operating temperature limit of CSP systems to improve efficiency and, as a result, the levelized cost of electricity. Furthermore, with higher operating temperatures, a number of new concepts become feasible, the most important of which are supercritical CO2 cycles and air Brayton cycles. Hybrid CSP-fossil fuel systems fall within the air Brayton family of concepts, where the solar field is used to preheat air, while a fossil fuel is burned to bring the air temperature to the firing temperature of a gas-fired Brayton turbine. To make this approach more attractive and environmentally friendly, it is desirable to maximize the solar “contribution” and minimize fuel assistance. This can be done by using novel receivers that increase the air temperature significantly and/or employing a recuperator, where the operating pressure and temperature are lower than conventional Brayton cycles. This paper presents information about an experimental integrated gas turbine-solar particle heating system that uses the hybrid approach. The system is located on the campus of King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and has a peak thermal power of 300 kW. In addition to providing details about the individual components and how they are integrated, the paper explains the start-up procedure, which consists of preheating the system with the heliostat field, followed by additional heating from the turbine itself until the nominal heat exchanger operating temperature is reached, at which point on-sun operation can commence. The study shows that solar preheating requires one to two days to complete, followed by a few hours of heating by the turbine to bring the temperature to about 560°C. Furthermore, with a temperature rise of up to 180°C in the particle heating receiver (and a drop of 10°C in the particle conveyor), the maximum particle temperature will approach 730°C, making the solar contribution significant. As larger scale systems will naturally allow for larger particle drop heights and higher temperature rises in the receiver, it is envisaged that maximum particle tempertures in those systems will approach the firing temperatures of recuperated turbines, making this solution technically, economically, and environmentally worth considering.
Entrepreneurship, Human Resources and the Expectation Gap (1994)

This paper seeks to examine key issues in venture growth, the management expatriate; in particular whether Singaporeans are prepared to work abroad.
Phase transformation behavior in Ti-Ni alloy ribbons fabricated by melt spinning (2003)

Phase transformation behavior of Ti-50Ni and Ti-49Ni(at%) alloy ribbons fabricated by melt spinning, have been investigated. The two-stage B2-R-B19' transformation appeared in as-spun alloy ribbons, while the one-stage B2-B 19' transformation appeared in alloy ribbons heat treated at 873 K. At the linear velocity higher than 36 m/s, the B2-R-B19' transformation was observed in as-spun Ti-49Ni alloy ribbons. In as-spun Ti-50Ni alloy ribbons, the B2-R-B 19' transformation appeared even at the linear velocities of 21 m/s. From TEM observations, it was found that very fine spherical Ti 2 Ni particles with the size less than 20 nm were formed in Ti-49Ni alloy ribbons. The Ti 2 Ni particles had an orientation relationship to the B2 phase and had coherency strains around them, which was thought to play an important role to induce the R phase transformation.
Periodic Biosynthesis of the Human M-Phase Promoting Factor Catalytic Subunit p34 during the Cell Cycle (1990)

The product of the CDC2Hs gene is the protein kinase subunit of the M-phase promoting factor, which is required for entry into mitosis. The activity of this kinase is regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner by reversible phosphorylation and through association with other proteins. We report here that in HeLa cells, the abundance of the CDC2Hs mRNA and the rate of synthesis of the encoded protein, p34, vary in a cell cycle-dependent manner.
Centralspindlin and chromosomal passenger complex behavior during normal and Rappaport furrow specification in echinoderm embryos (2012)

The chromosomal passenger (CPC) and Centralspindlin complexes are essential for organizing the anaphase central spindle and providing cues that position the cytokinetic furrow between daughter nuclei. However, echinoderm zygotes are also capable of forming "Rappaport furrows" between asters positioned back-to-back without intervening chromosomes. To understand how these complexes contribute to normal and Rappaport furrow formation, we studied the localization patterns of Survivin and mitotic-kinesin-like-protein1 (MKLP1), members respectively of the CPC and the Centralspindlin complex, and the effect of CPC inhibition on cleavage in mono- and binucleate echinoderm zygotes. In zygotes, Survivin initially localized to metaphase chromosomes, upon anaphase onset relocalized to the central spindle and then, together with MKLP1 spread towards the equatorial cortex in an Aurora-dependent manner. Inhibition of Aurora kinase activity resulted in disruption of central spindle organization and furrow regression, although astral microtubule elongation and furrow initiation were normal. In binucleate cells containing two parallel spindles MKLP1 and Survivin localized to the plane of the former metaphase plate, but were not observed in the secondary cleavage plane formed between unrelated spindle poles, except when chromosomes were abnormally present there. However, the secondary furrow was sensitive to Aurora inhibition, indicating that Aurora kinase may still contribute to furrow ingression without chromosomes nearby. Our results provide insights that reconcile classic micromanipulation studies with current molecular understanding of furrow specification in animal cells.
36‐1: Variable Transmission Electrophoretic Films (2019)

Flexible variable transmission films (VTFs) have been developed and demonstrated using charged, polarizable pigment particles. Unlike electrochromic VTF devices, these E Ink films have a neutral black color and are not current driven. And unlike conventional PDLCs, the films are truly bistable, requiring no power to maintain the transmission states. Applications include automotive sunroofs and windows as well as architectural skylights and windows where energy savings and improved lighting comfort can be realized.
Chromatin states of developmentally-regulated genes revealed by DNA and histone methylation patterns in zebrafish embryos (2010)

Embryo development proceeds from a cascade of gene activation and repression events controlled by epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones. Little is known about epigenetic states in the developing zebrafish, despite its importance as a model organism. We report here DNA methylation and histone modification profiles of promoters of developmentally-regulated genes (pou5f1, sox2, sox3, klf4, nnr, otx1b, nes, vasa), as well as tert and bactin2, in zebrafish embryos at the mid-late blastula transition, shortly after embryonic genome activation. We identify four classes of promoters based on the following profiles: (i) those enriched in marks of active genes (H3K9ac, H4ac, H3K4me3) without transcriptionally repressing H3K9me3 or H3K27me3; (ii) those enriched in H3K9ac, H4ac and H3K27me3, without H3K9me3; one such gene was klf4, shown by in situ hybridization to be mosaically expressed, likely accounting for the detection of both activating and repressive marks on its promoter; (iii) those enriched in H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 without acetylation; and (iv) those enriched in all histone modifications examined. Culture of embryo-derived cells under differentiation conditions leads to H3K9 and H4 deacetylation and H3K9 and H3K27 trimethylation on genes that are inactivated, yielding an epigenetic profile similar to those of fibroblasts or muscle. All promoters however retain H3K4me3, indicating an uncoupling of H3K4me3 occupancy and gene expression. All non-CpG island developmentally-regulated promoters are DNA unmethylated in embryos, but hypermethylated in fibroblasts. Our results suggest that differentially expressed embryonic genes are regulated by various patterns of histone modifications on unmethylated DNA, which create a developmentally permissive chromatin state.
One-step-ahead predictive control of steering mobile robot (2009)

In this paper, a one-step-ahead predictive controller is applied to solve a tracking control problem of steering mobile robot. The derived control law is simple for implementation and no online optimization is needed. Further, to constraint the control signals inside the acceptable range, saturation technique is used. The stability analysis of the closed loop system is provided. Simulation results show the efficiency of this approach where good tracking performances have been obtained.
Structural Aspects of Heavily Carbon-Doped GaAs Grown by Metalorganic Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MOMBE) (1992)

X-ray diffraction analysis has clarified structural features of heavily carbon-doped GaAs films grown by metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy (MOMBE). X-ray quasi-forbidden reflection (XFR) intensity measurements have provided direct evidence that almost all the doped C atoms occupy As sites and cause large displacements of the nearest-neighbouring Ga and the second-nearest-neighbouring As atoms. X-ray rocking curve analysis has also shown that large lattice strain remains unrelaxed even for an epilayer far thicker than the critical thickness, although a high density of misfit dislocations has been observed by X-ray topography.
Organoaluminum Silylamido Complexes (2004)

The reaction between [Et2AlCl] and 1 equiv of HN(SiMe3)2 in CH2Cl2 afforded colorless crystals of [Et2AlCl{NH(SiMe3)2}] (1). In contrast, reaction of [Et2AlCl] with 1 equiv of HN(SiMe2H)2 or HNtBu(SiMe3) resulted in the isolation of dimers, of the type [EtAlCl{NH(R‘)}]2 (2, R‘ = SiMe2H; 3, R‘ = tBu). Reaction of [Et3Al] with 1 equiv of HN(SiMe2H)2 or HN(SiMe3)2 yielded the expected dimeric complexes, [Et2Al{N(SiMe2H)2}]2 (4) and [Et2Al{N(SiMe3)2}]2 (5), via ethane elimination. The related reaction between [MeAlCl2] and HNtBu(SiMe3) in CH2Cl2 solution resulted in the formation of the 1:1 adduct [MeAlCl2{NH2(tBu)}] (6). The structures of compounds 1 and 6 have been determined by X-ray crystallography. In addition, the decomposition of 1 and 6 has been studied by thermal gravimetric analysis.
Characteristic improvement of tungsten photocathode by two-wavelength irradiation of the Nd:YAG laser (1997)

Metals or metal compounds as photocathodes provide high current density and have a high damage threshold for laser irradiation. In addition, the quantum efficiency of these cathodes is enhanced by heating to a higher operating temperature. The tungsten photocathode heated up to 1400 K and irradiated by 2ω (532 nm) of the Nd:YAG laser produced an electron beam with high current density (∼1 kA/cm2) and the quantum efficiency was about 10−5. The fundamental (1064 nm) of a Nd:YAG laser was used to further heat up the cathode instantly; the temperature rise was calculated to be 2000 K in a 10 ps time scale. Compared to the static 1400 K operation, two times enhancement of quantum efficiency was observed.
Gentamicin Penetration Into Normal Rabbit Nucleus Pulposus (1994)

Study Design Radioactively labeled gentamicin was administered to 24 rabbits to assess the concentration of antibiotic in the nucleus pulposus. Objectives The purpose of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin penetration into normal rabbit nucleus pulposus. Summary of Background Data Disc space infection is a complication of spinal surgery that can be prevented by prophylactic antibiotics. Gentamicin can be used in conjunction with other antibiotics as a prophylactic agent. One previous study demonstrated that a similar antibiotic, tobramycin, penetrates the disc, but no data have been reported on the pharmacokinetics of disc penetration. Methods Twenty-four rabbits were given an intravenous injection of gentamicin labeled with iodine 125. Four rabbits were killed at hourly intervals 1 to 6 hours after injection. Specimens of nucleus pulposus, blood, whole liver, and saline-perfused liver were obtained and prepared. The radioactivity is the specimens was measured. Results The gentamicin concentration in the nucleus pulposus peaked at 2 hours and remained at this level for the duration of the experiment. Twenty percent of the gentamicin recovered from the nucleus pulposus was tissue bound. Conclusions Gentamicin concentration in the rabbit nucleus pulposus does not peak until 2 hours after an intravenous bolus of drug. If gentamicin penetrates human nucleus pulposus in a similar fashion, this study could have implications for the timing of administration of this agent for prophylaxis.
Interactions locales entre nanostructures métalliques et boites quantiques (2007)

International audience
Investigation of impeller modification and eccentricity for non-Newtonian fluid mixing in stirred vessels (2018)

A shear thinning fluid (1% carboxymethyl cellulose) was used to investigate mixing under laminar flow conditions in an unbaffled vessel. The effects of impeller modification in addition to eccentricity were studied. Quantitative measurements such as percentage of uncovered area and coefficient of variance (CoV) of a tracer solution distributed inside the vessel were obtained using planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) method. Increased eccentricity was found to be more effective than increasing rpm alone in reducing isolated mixing regions size (determined by the percentage of uncovered area). The dual-flow pitched blade turbine (DF-PBT), which was the modified version of a standard pitched blade turbine (PBT), was designed to provide both upward and downward flow at the same time to induce more chaotic flow. Though numerical analysis showed this type of flow generated, DF-PBT did not return lower values for the percentage of uncovered area and CoV than PBT did. Power consumption data were also compared between the two impeller types and eccentric locations. Further analyses focusing on the interactions between the impeller blades and fluid rheology is needed to improve laminar mixing in stirred vessels by impeller modification.
Solution conformation of tuftsin (1992)

Tuftsin, a natural linear tetrapeptide (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg) of potential antitumor activity, has been studied in DMSO-d6 solution by 2D NMR spectroscopy. 1H and 13C spectra show the presence of two families of conformations characterized by a trans or cis Lys-Pro bond, respectively. The family of conformers containing the cis peptide bond is a mixture of extended structures as expected for a short linear peptide. On the contrary, the trans isomer appears to be a rigid, folded conformer, as indicated by crucial NOEs and by the exceptionally low temperature coefficient of Arg NH. Analysis of the solution data by means of energy calculations leads to a unique structure, characterized by a Lys-Pro inverse gamma-turn.
20 OAT PROLAMINES ACTIVATE MUCOSAL IMMUNE RESPONSE IN THE IN VITRO CULTURED TREATED COELIAC MUCOSA (1996)

Coeliac disease is defined as a permanent intolerance to dietary wheat gliadin and related prolamines from rye, barely and oats. A disregulated cell-mediated immune response to such proteins, that is possible to elicit also in vitro (1), is considered to play a major role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Oats is phylogenetically more distant from wheat, rye and barley, and its toxicity in coeliac disease has recently been questioned (2). Aim of our work has been to test the ability of oats prolamines to activate the mucosal immune response of the in vitro cultured treated coeliac intestine. Intestinal biopsy specimens were obtained from 8 treated coeliac patients (5 adults and 3 children), and cultured in an organ culture system for 24 hours in the presence of medium alone, or 1 mg/ml of wheat gliadin or oats prolamines peptic-tryptic digest. At the end of the culture biopsies were snap frozen and CD3+ and CD25+ cells counted by immunohistochemistry. In the fragments cultured in the presence of wheat or oat prolamines the number of CD25+ lymphocytes/mm2 lamina propria (median, range: 38, 13-82 and 50, 15-64, respectively) was significantly (p<0.001) higher than in fragments cultured with medium alone (6, 5-19). Density of intraepithelial CD3+ cells/100 enterocytes was higher (p<0.01) in biopsies cultured with wheat (50, 33-51), but not with oats (33, 14-62), in comparison to those cultured with medium alone (27, 19-34). In conclusion, our results suggest that oat prolamines are able to activate a T-cell mediated mucosal immune response in the coeliac jejunum, and represent a warning against the inclusion of oats in the diet of coeliac patients.
Overcoming challenges of maturity (2008)

Degradation of electrochromic thin films under extended charge insertion and extraction is a technically important phenomenon for which no in-depth understanding is currently on hand. Here, we report on an explorative study of sputter-deposited WO<sub>3</sub> films in a Li-ion-conducting electrolyte by use of cyclic voltammetry, in situ optical transmittance, and impedance spectroscopy. A cycling-dependent decrease of the charge capacity could be accurately modeled by a power-law function, and impedance spectroscopy gave evidence for anomalous diffusion as well as a higher charge-transfer resistance during deintercalation than during intercalation. Thus, a consistent conceptual picture emerged for the degradation dynamics; it includes the growth of an interfacial barrier layer and also embraces anomalous diffusion coupled with dispersive power-law chemical kinetics.
Space-time focusing transmission in ultra-wideband cooperative relay networks (2009)

Space-time focusing transmission is a generalized form of beamforming in ultra-wideband (UWB) systems by exploiting the unique feature of UWB signals. It can obtain energy gain and can reduce interference to coexisting users, thus can extend the distance and increase the capacity of UWB communications. Cooperative relay can further extend the coverage of UWB systems. In this paper, we first propose ZF and MMSE prefiltering algorithms for space-time focusing transmission, and then propose a space-time focusing based cooperative relay scheme. The throughputs of broadcast mode and multiple access mode in the relay networks are derived, while their dependency on various system parameters is obtained. Numerical results show how many cooperative nodes are necessary to maximize the network throughput, and when the proposed prefiltering algorithms perform well.
Nondipping Pattern and Cardiovascular and Renal Damage in a Population-Based Study (The STANISLAS Cohort Study) (2019)

In this middle-aged population with an overall 24-hour optimal BP control, the nondipper pattern was not associated with increased cardiovascular or renal damage.
High-rate deposition of a-SiNx:H for photovoltaic applications by the expanding thermal plasma (2002)

Driven by the need for improvement of the economical competitiveness of photovoltaic energy, the feasibility of high-rate (&gt;1 nm/s) amorphous silicon nitride (a-SiNx:H) deposited by the expanding thermal plasma (ETP) technique has been explored with respect to the application of the a-SiNx:H as functional antireflection coating on crystalline silicon solar cells. First, the deposition rate and the a-SiNx:H film properties, such as refractive index, Si, N, and H atomic density, and hydrogen bonding configurations, have been mapped for various operating conditions. From ellipsometry, elastic recoil detection, and infrared spectroscopy, it has been shown that deposition rates up to 20 nm/s can be reached with a fair film homogeneity and that the refractive index and the N/Si ratio can fully be tuned by the plasma composition while the hydrogen content can be controlled by the substrate temperature. Good antireflection coating performance of the a-SiNx:H has therefore been observed for monocrystalline silicon solar cells. These cells with ETP a-SiNx:H yielded only slightly lower conversion efficiencies than high-quality reference cells due to a much lower degree of surface passivation. This lack of surface passivation has also been shown in a separate study on the surface recombination velocity. Furthermore, it has been tested whether the a-SiNx:H films lead to silicon bulk passivation, which is essential for solar cells based on cheaper, defective silicon stock material such as multicrystalline silicon. It has been proven that bulk passivation of the cells is indeed induced by the high-rate ETP deposited a-SiNx:H after a high-temperature step in which the metal contacts of the cells are processed. These results make the ETP technique an interesting candidate for high-throughput processing of competitive silicon solar cells.
Atomic physics of highly charged ions in an electron beam ion trap (1991)

Two electron beam ion traps are in use at LLNL for the purpose of studying the properties of very highly charged ions and their interactions with electrons. This paper reviews the operation of the traps and discusses recent experiments in three areas: precision transition energy measurements in the limit of very high ion charge, dielectronic recombination measurements for the He‐like isoelectronic sequence, and measurements of x‐ray polarization.