gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of exopolysaccharide production in Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae WSM710 involves exoR (1997)

A mildly acid-sensitive mutant of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae WSM710 (WR6-35) produced colonies which were more mucoid in phenotype than the wild-type. Strain WR6-35 contained a single copy of Tn5 and the observed mucoid phenotype, acid sensitivity and Tn5-induced kanamycin resistance were 100% co-transducible using phage RL38. WR6-35 produced threefold more exopolysaccharide (EPS) than the wild-type in minimal medium devoid of a nitrogen source. EPS produced by the mutant and the wild-type was identical as determined by proton NMR spectra. An EcoRI rhizobial fragment containing Tn5 and flanking rhizobial sequences was cloned from the mutant, restriction mapped and sequenced. There was extensive similarity between the ORF disrupted by Tn5 in R. leguminosarum bv. viciae WR6-35 and the exoR gene of Rhizobium (Sinorhizobium) meliloti Rm1021 (71.3% identity over 892 bp). At the protein level there was 70% identity and 93.3% similarity over 267 amino acids with the ExoR protein of R. meliloti Rm1021. Hydrophilicity profiles of the two proteins from these two rhizobia are superimposable. This gene in R. leguminosarum bv. viciae was thus designated exoR. The data suggest that Tn5 has disrupted a regulatory gene encoding a protein that negatively modulates EPS biosynthesis in R. leguminosarum bv. viciae WSM710. Despite earlier suggestions that EPS production and acid tolerance might be positively correlated, disruption of exoR in either R. leguminosarum bv. viciae or R. meliloti and its associated overproduction of EPS does not result in a more acid-tolerant phenotype than the wild-type when cultures are screened on conventional laboratory agar.
Non-biological complex drugs (NBCDs) and their follow-on versions: time for an editorial section (2015)

Author byline as per print journal: Jon SB de Vlieger, PhD; Professor Stefan Mühlebach, PhD; Vinod P Shah, PhD; Scott E McNeil, PhD; Professor Gerrit Borchard, PharmD, PhD; Vera Weinstein, PhD; Beat Flühmann, PhD; Sesha Neervannan, PhD; Professor Daan JA Crommelin, PhD Abstract: This paper discusses the group of non
PHTHALOCYANINE PHOTOSENSITIZATION FOR IN VITRO ELIMINATION OF RESIDUAL ACUTE NON‐LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA: PRELIMINARY EVALUATION (1987)

Abstract Autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in first remission of acute non‐lympho‐blastic leukaemia (ANLL) has increased the proportion of patients eligible for intensive myeloablative therapy and has produced encouraging early results. However, more patients relapse after ABMT than after allogeneic BMT and this may be due in part to reinfusion of leukaemia with the graft. We have examined the phototoxicity of sulphonated chloro‐aluminium phthalocyanine (SPC) on leukaemic blasts from patients with ANLL and normal myeloid progenitors (GM‐CFC) to determine whether in vitro phototherapy might be used to eliminate residual ANLL from bone marrow grafts. ANLL blasts were shown to take up SPC readily and the phototoxicity was shown to be dependent on the concentration of SPC, duration and temperature of incubation, the interval from SPC incubation to light exposure and the duration of light exposure using 675 nm light delivered by an optical fibre at 50 mV from an Ar pumped dye laser. After a 2 hour incubation at 25 μ.g SPC m −1 recovery of ANLL blasts at 24 h was 5 ± 2% whilst GM‐CFC recovery from normal marrow was 47 ± 9%. This study suggests that ANLL blasts may be more sensitive to SPC phototoxicity than normal marrow GM‐CFC, and further studies to examine the potential of this compound for the elimination of residual ANLL from marrow autografts are in progress.
New highly fluorescent pH indicator for ratiometric RGB imaging of pCO<sub>2</sub> (2014)

A new diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole (DPP) indicator dye for optical sensing of carbon dioxide is prepared via a simple one step synthesis from commercially available low cost 'Pigment Orange 73'. The pigment is modified via alkylation of one of the lactam nitrogens with a tert-butylbenzyl group. The indicator dye is highly soluble in organic solvents and in polymers and shows pH-dependent absorption (λ<sub>max</sub> 501 and 572 nm for the protonated and deprotonated forms, respectively) and emission spectra (λ<sub>max</sub> 524 and 605 nm for the protonated and deprotonated forms, respectively). Both the protonated and the deprotonated forms show high fluorescence quantum yields (Φ<sub>prot</sub> 0.86; Φ<sub>deprot</sub> 0.66). Hence, colorimetric read-out and ratiometric fluorescence intensity measurements are possible. The emission of the two forms of the indicator excellently matches the response of the green and the red channels of an RGB camera. This enables imaging of carbon dioxide distribution with a simple and low cost optical set-up. The sensor based on the new DPP dye shows very high sensitivity and is particularly promising for monitoring atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide.
Proteomic and Sequence Analysis of Chicken Lens Crystallins Reveals Alternate Splicing and Translational Forms of βB2 and βA2 Crystallins (2004)

The complementary techniques 2-DE, mass spectrometry, and DNA sequencing were used to provide the most complete description of the adult chicken lens proteome to date and identified alternate forms of beta A2 and beta B2.
Surface‐Wave Sensitivity to a High‐Velocity Inclusion (2007)

The shear wave velocity (Vs) is an important mechanical property for the evaluation of dynamic soil behavior. Surface waves are often used to determine Vs. It is widely recognized that the existence of a large velocity reversal in a soil profile will give rise to significant partitioning of surface wave energy to higher modes in surface‐wave testing. The authors have conducted a sensitivity study to examine the effects of thickness of a high‐velocity layer (HVL), depth of the layer, and degree of velocity contrast on the surface‐wave dispersion curve. Both the so‐called “effective” dispersion curve, representing the superposition of energy into a single curve, and the multi‐mode dispersion relation are generated. Results indicate that (a) the dispersion curve is more sensitive to the depth of the HVL than to its velocity or thickness; (b) the frequency/wavelength band within which the effective dispersion curve and fundamental‐mode curve diverge is diagnostic of the position of the HVL; (c) model sensitivities are frequency‐dependent; and (d) for the multi‐mode case, peak sensitivities are higher for the fundamental mode than the first‐higher mode.
Polarization of far-infrared radiation from molecular clouds (1989)

The paper reports measurements of the polarization of far-infrared emission from dust in nine molecular clouds. Detections were obtained in Mon R2, in the Kleinmann-Low (KL) nebula in Orion, and in Sgr A. Upper limits were set for six other clouds. A comparison of the 100 micron polarization of KL with that previously measured at 270 microns provides new evidence that the polarization is due to emission from magnetically aligned dust grains. Comparing the results for Orion with measurements at optical wavelengths, it is inferred that the magnetic field direction in the outer parts of the Orion cloud is the same as that in the dense core. This direction is nearly perpendicular to the ridge of molecular emission and is parallel to both the molecular outflow in KL and the axis of rotation of the cloud core. In Mon R2, the field direction which the measurements imply does not agree withthat derived from 0.9-2.2 micron polarimetry. The discrepancy is attributed to scattering in the near-infrared. In Orion and Sgr A, where comparisons are possible, the measurements are in good agreement with 10 micron polarization measurements.
Adjacent DNA sequences modulate Sox9 transcriptional activation at paired Sox sites in three chondrocyte-specific enhancer elements (2003)

Expression of the type XI collagen gene Col11a2 is directed to cartilage by at least three chondrocyte-specific enhancer elements, two in the 5' region and one in the first intron of the gene. The three enhancers each contain two heptameric sites with homology to the Sox protein-binding consensus sequence. The two sites are separated by 3 or 4 bp and arranged in opposite orientation to each other. Targeted mutational analyses of these three enhancers showed that in the intronic enhancer, as in the other two enhancers, both Sox sites in a pair are essential for enhancer activity. The transcription factor Sox9 binds as a dimer at the paired sites, and the introduction of insertion mutations between the sites demonstrated that physical interactions between the adjacently bound proteins are essential for enhancer activity. Additional mutational analyses demonstrated that although Sox9 binding at the paired Sox sites is necessary for enhancer activity, it alone is not sufficient. Adjacent DNA sequences in each enhancer are also required, and mutation of those sequences can eliminate enhancer activity without preventing Sox9 binding. The data suggest a new model in which adjacently bound proteins affect the DNA bend angle produced by Sox9, which in turn determines whether an active transcriptional enhancer complex is assembled.
Sub-0.1 dB loss III-Nitride MOSHFET RF Switches (2008)

The performance of novel RF switching devices using insulating gate III-nitride metal-oxide-semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistors (MOSHFETs) is demontrated. Initial results show that there is no degradation in the transmitted powers or gate leakage current during the 200+ hours stress with +30 dBm CW input powers. Multi-gate RF switching devices that increase the isolation in the mm-wave frequency range is further developed.
Photoluminescence in Er-doped Ge-As-Se chalcogenide thin films (2011)

We report ion-implanted Er ions into Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11.5</sub> As <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">24</sub> Se <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">64.5</sub> thin films with different doses, and subsequently thermal-annealed the films with different times. The characterization results indicated that the thickness, refractive index and optical bandgap of the films can be stabilized with 3 hour thermal annealing. The 1.5 μm emission arising from the <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13/2</sub> → <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15/2</sub> transition was observed and a lifetime of 1.35 ms was obtained in films annealed at 180°C.
Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis and Characterization of Dihydroxystearic Acid Ester from Palm-Based Dihydroxystearic Acid and Monohydric Alcohol (2002)

Enzymatic synthesis of dihydroxystearic acid ester (DHSA ester) from dihydroxystearic acid (DHSA) and monohydric alcohol in organic solvent were investigated. Five commercial immobilized enzyme (Lipozyme 1M, Novozym 435, Termamyl, Savinase and Lipolase) were tested for their suitability for the reaction. Among the enzymes tested, Lipozyme 1M and Novozym 435 were chosen for optimization studies because of their higher specific activity. The effect of various reaction parameters such as time, temperature, organic solvent, amount of enzyme, mole ratio of substrates, thermodynamic water activity (aw) and structure of substrates were studied to determi ne optimal condition for the produ ction of DHSA ester. The optimal conditions for DHSA ester synthesis using Lipozyme 1M and Novozym 435 were obtained at reaction time of 3h, temperature of 50°C, mole ratio of substrates, 2.0 and amount of enzyme, 10-20% (w/w). The maxi m u m conversion for Lipozyme 1M and Novozym 435 at optimal condition was 92.4% and 94.9% respectively without removal of water in the reaction mixture. The results clearly demonstrated that both enzymes are well suited for the preparation of DHSA ester in organic media. This esterification reaction follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics as observed from the relationship of initial rate of the reaction, both as a function of enzyme and of substrate concentration. The kinetics of the enzymatic reaction is suggested to agree with a Ping-Pong Bi Bi mechanism. In a 5L batch reactor, up to 90% conversion was obtained at the optimal condition. Lipozyme 1M remained active after repeated used of 12 times. Characteristics and properties of DHSA ester were also eval uated, which include heat and colour stability, solubility, irritancy, dispersibility as well as emulsification properties. Purified DHSA ester showed higher heat stability compared to crude DHSA ester. Solubility of DHSA ester in methanol and ethanol is comparatively lower as compared to the solubility at higher chain length of alcohol. This compound is non-irritant to the skin. DHSA ester seems to have some emulsifying properties in water-in-oil system with high or low content of oil phase. The composition of the oil phase is important, as castor oil seems the most compatible oil. DHSA ester could be used as stabilizer or co-emulsifier in oil-in water emulsion system.
Effect of Incubation Temperature on Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors of Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978 (2017)

<i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is a notorious opportunistic pathogen that is prevalent mainly in hospital settings. The ability of <i>A. baumannii</i> to adapt and to survive in a range of environments has been a key factor for its persistence and success as an opportunistic pathogen. In this study, we investigated the effect of temperature on the clinically relevant phenotypes displayed by <i>A. baumannii</i> at 37°C and 28°C. Surface-associated motility was significantly reduced at 28°C, while biofilm formation on plastic surfaces was increased at 28°C. Decreased susceptibility to aztreonam and increased susceptibility to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were observed at 28°C. No differences in virulence, as assayed in a <i>Galleria mellonella</i> model, were observed. Proteomic analysis showed differential expression of 629 proteins, of which 366 were upregulated and 263 were downregulated at 28°C. Upregulation of the Csu and iron uptake proteins at 28°C was a key finding for understanding some of the phenotypes displayed by <i>A. baumannii</i> at 28°C.
Three-Dimensional Realizations of Braids (1999)

Consider a standard braid diagram as a three-dimensional figure viewed from the top; what happens when this figure is looked at from the side? Then a new braid can be obtained, and studying the connection between the initial braid and the derived braid so obtained provides both a new simple proof for the existence of the right greedy normal form of positive braids and a geometrical interpretation for the automatic structure of the braid groups.
Dose De-escalation Chemoprevention Trial of  -Difluoromethylornithine in Patients With Colon Polyps (1994)

If DFMO is also found to be effective in suppressing polyamine contents in other target tissues, it may be useful in preventing a wide range of human epithelial cancers, including those of the prostate and breast.
Ordered three-fold symmetric graphene oxide/buckled graphene/graphene heterostructures on MgO(111) by carbon molecular beam epitaxy (2018)

Theory and experiment demonstrate the direct growth of a graphene oxide/buckled graphene/graphene heterostructure on an incommensurate MgO(111) substrate.
A National Study of the Consequences of Fire and Fire Surrogate Treatments (2012)

Many U.S. forests, especially those with historically short-interval, low- to moderate-severity fire regimes, are too dense and have excessive quantities of fuels. Widespread treatments are needed to restore ecological integrity and reduce the high risk of destructive, uncharacteristically severe fires in these forests. Among possible treatments, however, the appropriate balance among cuttings, mechanical fuel treatments, and prescribed fire is often unclear. For improved decisionmaking, resource managers need much better information about the consequences of alternative management practices involving fire and mechanicaVmanual "fire surrogates." Long-term, interdisciplinary research thus should be initiated to quantify the consequences and tradeoffs of alternative fire and fire surrogate treatments. Ecological, economic and social aspects must all be included as integral components. The research needs to be experimental, rather than retrospective or correlative, to permit stronger inferences about cause-and-effect relationships. Only through such research will it be possible to determine which ecosystem functions of fire can be emulated satisfactorily by other means, which may be irreplaceable, and the implications for management. The human dimensions of the problem are equally important. Treatment costs and utilization economics, as well as social and political acceptability, strongly influence decisions about treatment alternatives. Such research must be a cooperative effort, involving land managers, researchers, and other interested parties. A team of scientists and land managers has designed an integrated national network of long-term research sites to address this need, with support from the USDAIUSDI Joint Fire Science Program (http://www.nifc.gov/joint_fire_sci/index.html). The steering committee and other participants in this national "FirelFire Surrogate" (FFS) study represent a number of federal and state agencies, universities, and private entities, as well as a wide range of disciplines and geographic regions. The study will use a common experimental design to facilitate broad applicability of results.
Strengthening Safety Compliance in Nuclear Power Operations: A Role‐Based Approach (2014)

Safety compliance is of paramount importance in guaranteeing the safe running of nuclear power plants. However, it depends mostly on procedures that do not always involve the safest outcomes. This article introduces an empirical model based on the organizational role theory to analyze the influence of legitimate sources of expectations (procedures formalization and leadership) on workers' compliance behaviors. The sample was composed of 495 employees from two Spanish nuclear power plants. Structural equation analysis showed that, in spite of some problematic effects of proceduralization (such as role conflict and role ambiguity), procedure formalization along with an empowering leadership style lead to safety compliance by clarifying a worker's role in safety. Implications of these findings for safety research are outlined, as well as their practical implications.
Total electron and proton energy input during auroral substorms: Remote sensing with IMAGE‐FUV (2002)

The IMAGE satellite carries three FUV imagers observing N 2 LBH, O I 1356 Å, and HI Lyman α emissions in the polar aurora. These simultaneous observations are used to characterize the precipitating electron and proton energy fluxes. The proton energy flux is derived from the Lyman α measurements on the basis of efficiency curves calculated with a Monte Carlo simulation of the proton aurora. The resulting proton contribution to the N 2 LBH and O I 1356 Å emissions is calculated and subtracted to obtain the electron contribution in the other two channels. These two quantities are used to determine the precipitating electron average energy and energy flux. The proton and electron energy fluxes are integrated over the hemisphere to obtain the rate of auroral energy dissipation (hemispheric power) carried by the protons and electrons separately. The time development of the proton and electron aurora during four winter time events is examined. Although the onsets of the proton and electron aurora coincide in time and space, the time of the peak of energy dissipation and the recovery time are often found to differ. The fractional energy flux carried by the protons is highest during quiet periods and reaches a minimum during the most active phase of the substorms. This result is in agreement with the dependence of the fractional proton hemispheric power on magnetic activity measured by NOAA 15. The hemispheric power deduced from the FUV images is compared to the NOAA‐deduced values and found to be in reasonable agreement. Sources of uncertainties in the determination of the hemispheric power are discussed on the basis of several sensitivity tests. In particular, it is found that the most critical factor is the assumption made on the energy of the auroral protons if this energy is <25 keV.
Supercritical fluid extraction and clean‐up with temperature fractionation: Application to determination of polychlorinated dibenzo‐ρ‐dioxins (1994)

Abstract Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and clean‐up with neat carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), selective sorbents and high extraction temperature was developed as a sample preparation method. The effects of temperature and pressure on SFE efficiencies were investigated by spiking a polychlorinated dibenzo‐ρ‐dioxin (PCDD)/polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) standard mixture onto a Florisil™ adsorbent and extracting these compounds at different temperatures and pressures with neat CO 2 . High extraction temperatures and pressures were found to increase the extraction rate and efficiency. PCDDs were quantitatively extracted from Florisil™ only when the temperature was raised to 200°C and the pressure was 9000 psi. PCBs were efficiently extracted at low temperature and pressure, such as 50°C and 2000 psi. Fractionation of PCBs from PCDDs with Florisil™ using CO 2 was accomplished by first quantitatively recovering all of the PCBs at 3500 psi and 80°C and then the dioxins at 9000 psi and 250°C. The determination of PCDDs in fly ash was carried out by spiking the fly ash extract (obtained after 80 min extraction at 250°C and 9400 psi using neat CO 2 ) onto Florisl TM , followed by the clean‐up step outlined above. This step produced much cleaner chromatograms compared to direct extraction. The modifier‐free high temperature SFE method produced comparable results to 20 h Soxhlet extraction of fly ash, but it was shorter by an order of magnitude.
Rapid determination of vitamin C by NIR, MIR and FT-Raman techniques (2002)

Rapid spectroscopic determination of vitamin C in food and pharmaceutical products using infrared and Raman techniques was proposed. In this study, near-infrared (NIR), Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR), Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), diffuse reflectance (DRIFTS), Fourier transform infrared-photoacoustic (FTIR-PAS) and FT-Raman spectroscopy were used in conjunction with partial least squares (PLS) regression to quantify vitamin C in powdered mixtures and solutions. Results indicate that the methods adopted have high prediction correlation. R2 values were 0.999 for FTIR-ATR, 0.976 for DRIFTS, 0.966 for FTIR-PAS, 0.988 for NIR, 0.992 for FT-NIR and 0.95 for FT-Raman, with an overall prediction error of 0.2-3.0%. The time required to complete an experiment ranged from 5 s (NIR) to 3 min (FT-Raman). The FTIR and FT-Raman techniques can be complementary tools for qualitative and quantitative characterization of the samples. Infrared and Raman techniques can be used to quantify vitamin C in foods and pharmaceutical products.