gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elemente eines Terminsystems (1970)

ZusammenfassungDas Grundmodell einer technischen Regelung ist gekennzeichnet durch die in Abb. 5 dargestellten Elemente, der Regelstrecke, der Regelgröße, der Führungsgröße, der Stellgröße und den Störgrößen. Die Eigenschaft des Systems wird bestimmt durch die Gesetzmäßigkeiten der zwischen Informationsein- und -ausgang liegenden Übertragungslieder.
ChemInform Abstract: The Vitamin C Radical and Its Reactions (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dicobalt Octacarbonyl-Catalyzed Tandem [2 + 2 + 1] and [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Diynes with Two Phenylacetylenes under CO (2000)

Novel 5-5-6 tricyclic compounds containing cyclopentenone have been constructed by the dicobalt octacarbonyl catalyzed tandem [2 + 2 + 1] and [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between a diyne and two phenylacethylene under CO pressure.
Synthesis of Phthalocyanines for Use in Electronic Materials. (2005)

This dissertation describes the synthesis of phthalocyanines having specialized structures that provide for electrochemical studies of their fundamental properties and/or for direct preparation of phthalocyanine-based electronic materials. Much of the synthetic effort herein is directed toward the development of a particular class of phthalocyanine, herein referred to as benzimidazoporphyrazines. Benzimidazoporphyrazines are desirable substitutes for typical phthalocyanines in applications requiring phthalocyanine-based materials. The value of benzimidazoporphyrazines is derived from their geometry, which provides four substitution positions at peripheral carbon atoms that lie along the N-N axes of the macrocycles. The modular construction of pigment arrays that include phthalocyanines may be greatly facilitated with the use of benzimidazoporphyrazines. The history of research in benzimidazoporphyrazines is brief, and has not heretofore provided access to benzimidazoporphyrazines bearing substituents that may serve as synthetic handles for modification of the pigments after their formation. This report details the development of synthetic methodology to prepare benzimidazoporphyrazines that bear useful synthetic handles. The synthesis of a set of such pigments is also described. Additionally, the new pigments (and one pigment array) are studied with regard to structural confirmation, as well as by photochemical and electrochemical means.
Interaction between Erythropoietin and Peripheral Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in Continuous Ambulatory Dialysis Patients (2002)

The effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on the oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation caused by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) in end-stage renal failure patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was investigated in vivo and in vitro. The studies were performed on isolated PMNLs from peripheral blood of CAPD patients before and following 6 weeks of EPO treatment and from healthy controls. OS was expressed by the rate of superoxide release from phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulated isolated PMNLs and the inflammatory state was evaluated by PMNL counts of the enrolled subjects. Following 6 weeks of EPO treatment in CAPD patients, both the rate of superoxide release from PMNLs and PMNL counts fell significantly when compared with the pretreatment values. In vitro incubation of PMNLs from CAPD patients with increasing amounts of EPO displayed a significant reduction in their rates of superoxide release. EPO, by direct interaction with PMNLs, attenuated their primed state, causing reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation.
A novel fluorogenic substrate for detecting alkaline phosphatase activity in situ. (1993)

We describe here the in situ detection of alkaline phosphatase (APase) activity with a new fluorogenic substrate, 2-(5'-chloro-2'-phosphoryloxyphenyl)-6-chloro-4-(3H)-quinazolinone (CPPCQ). CPPCQ is very soluble and colorless. APase converts it into a rapidly precipitating product, whose strong fluorescence marks the sites of APase activity. The detected APase was either a probing enzyme anchored to epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors of fixed human epidermoid carcinoma cell line (A431) by biotinylated EGF and streptavidin-APase conjugates or an endogenous marker existing in a fixed canine kidney cell line (MDCK). With CPPCQ staining, the EGF receptors and the endogenous APase were both visualized by fluorescence microscopy as contrasting, photostable, and well-resolved fluorescent stains. The EGF receptor staining was specific since it could be blocked by excessive unlabeled EGF. In contrast, fluorescein-labeled EGF failed to specifically stain the EGF receptors under the same fluorescent microscope. The endogenous APase staining with CPPCQ was sensitive to heating, levamisole and L-homoarginine, showing an APase tissue specificity of the liver/bone/kidney type. Therefore, CPPCQ appears to be a novel substrate dye for sensitive fluorescence APase histochemistry.
A New Modification for the Determination of 5- Ydroxy-Indole-Acetic Acid (5HIAA) in Urine Unspecific Nitrosonaphthol Reactions and Their Elimination (1964)

(1964). A New Modification for the Determination of 5- Ydroxy-Indole-Acetic Acid (5HIAA) in Urine Unspecific Nitrosonaphthol Reactions and Their Elimination. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation: Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 655-660.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective α‐Alkenylation of Aldehydes with Boronic Acids via the Synergistic Combination of Copper(II) and Amine Catalysis. (2014)

Abstract The new method can be applied to various aldehydes and boronic acids giving products that can further be converted into β‐iodo‐γ‐butyrolactones [e.g. (VIII)].
Rectal infusion of the model drug antipyrine with an osmotic delivery system (1981)

An osmotically-powered rectal drug delivery system, was used for the rectal infusion of the model drug antipyrine. The system, which is slightly larger than a normal suppository, has a nominal pumping rate of 43 microliter h-1 over at least 30 h. Four healthy volunteers kept two such systems in their rectum for a sum total of 98 h. Saliva and plasma concentrations were determined at regular intervals and in all cases a very constant steady-state saliva and plasma concentration was reached and maintained. Defecation and reinsertion of the drug delivery system did not cause any irregularities in the concentration profile. The system was very well tolerated by the volunteers.
Structure of Frataxin Iron Cores:  An X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic Study (2003)

X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the iron K-edge indicates that the iron cores of human and yeast frataxin polymers assembled in vitro are identical to each other and are similar but not identical to ferritin cores. Both frataxin polymers contain ferrihydrite, a biomineral composed of ferric oxide/hydroxide octahedra. The ferrihydrite in frataxin is less ordered than iron cores of horse spleen ferritin, having fewer face-sharing Fe-Fe interactions but similar double corner-sharing interactions. The extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis agrees with previous electron microscopy data showing that frataxin cores are composed of very small ferrihydrite crystallites.
Ti═NR vs Ti−R′ Functional Group Selectivity in Titanium Imido Alkyl Cations from an Experimental Perspective (2008)

A study of the reactions of the titanium imido methyl cation [Ti(NtBu)(Me3[9]aneN3)X]+ (5+, X = Me) and key analogues (6+, X = CH2SiMe3; 7+, X = Cl) with a range of unsaturated substrates provides a comprehensive evaluation of reaction site selectivity in transition-metal cations which contain both Ti═NR and Ti−R′ functional groups as potential sites for 2π + 2π cycloaddition and migratory insertion, respectively. Cations 5+ and 6+ reacted with MeCN to form Ti−R′ insertion products. Insertion reactions were also exclusively observed in their reactions with N,N′-disubstituted carbodiimides or tert-butyl isocyanate. In contrast, reaction of the chloride cation 7+ with diisopropylcarbodiimide or tert-butyl isocyanate afforded the unusual σ adducts [Ti(NtBu)(Me3[9]aneN3)(L)Cl]+ (L = iPrNCNiPr, tBuNCO), which slowly underwent 2π + 2π cycloaddition. Reaction of 5+ with the internal alkynes PhCCR (R = Ph, SiMe3) also showed exclusive preference for insertion into the Ti−Me bond. In contrast, reaction with terminal alkynes RCCH (R = Ph, SiMe3) yielded only the azametallacyclic products via 2π + 2π cycloaddition reactions. The chloride cation 7+ also underwent a 2π + 2π cycloaddition with PhCCH but was unreactive toward PhCCPh, ethylene, styrene, or 1-hexene.
Studies on the Oils of Basidiomycetes. VI. (1970)

The lipid of Hiratake (Pleurotus ostreatus Quel) was investigated on its general properties, the fatty acid compositions and the charactristics of unsaponifiable matter, comparing with those of Ventricosa and Akahatsu studied by author.The mashroom was dried and extracted with ether. The mixed fatty acid was esterified to methyl ester with methanol and p-toluen sulfonic acid. The fatty acid compositions determined by GLC were as follows, C14 : 0 1.1, C16 : 0 23.0, C16 : 1 10.4, C18 : 0 2.1, C18 : 1 36.2, C18 : 2 27.2 (%).The unsaponifiable matter was a light yellow soft solid. The sterol percentage in unsaponifiable matter was 20.7% and Δ5, 7-sterol 18.8%. The sterol was treated with TMSE and sterol compositions were determined by GLC. The main sterol was considered as ergosterol (70.0%).
Organophosphorus chemistry. Part VIII. Four-membered phosphorus–nitrogen ring compounds (1966)

NN′-Dialkyl- or -diaryl-2,2,2,4,4,4-hexachloro-1,3,2,4-diazadiphosphetidines react with liquid sulphur dioxide to provide a convenient route to the corresponding 2,4-dichloro-1,3,2,4-diazadiphosphetidine 2,4-dioxides, which are readily converted into the 2,4-bisdimethylamino- or 2,4-bisthiomethyl derivatives. The n.m.r. spectra of these compounds are discussed in the light of dπ–pπ bonding, and virtual coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Benzyloxyamino Phosphinyl Peptides. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structural diversity in polyamine Lewis base stabilised lithium aryloxides (2010)

Five new lithium aryloxide complexes stabilised by polyamine ligands have been synthesised by simple deprotonation reactions of the parent aryl alcohols H-OAr [OAr = OC(6)H(5), OC(6)H(2)-2,4,6-(Me)(3) and OC(6)H(2)-2,6-((t)Bu)(2)-4-(Me)] with LiN(SiMe(3))(2) in the presence of the Lewis bases N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) and N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA). All the compounds have been characterised by multinuclear NMR and X-ray crystallographic studies. The PMDETA derivative of the phenol adopts a tetrameric ladder-like structural motif in the solid state, exhibiting an unusual bridging coordination mode of the N-donor ligand. The 2,4,6-trimethylphenol derivatives exhibit dimeric (TMEDA), and tetrameric (PMDETA) structural motifs in the solid state. Meanwhile, the TMEDA and PMDETA derivatives of the sterically hindered 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol exhibit a rare monomeric structural motifs, which appears to remain unaltered in C(6)D(6) solution.
Pharmacological characterization of a novel investigational antimuscarinic drug, fesoterodine, <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2008)

Fesoterodine and its active metabolite, SPM 7605, are nonsubtype selective, competitive antagonists of human muscarinic receptors, but SPM 7605 has greater potency than the parent compound. Pharmacodynamic studies in the rat bladder in vitro confirm the competitive muscarinic antagonist profile of these agents in a native tissue preparation, and in vivo studies in the rat showed effects on bladder function consistent with a muscarinic antagonist profile.
<i>R-Q</i> curve based evaluation method for current-limiting performance of DC R-SFCL in high voltage DC system (2020)

Abstract The current-limiting performance of the dc resistive-type superconducting fault current limiter (dc R-SFCL) is vital to the reliability in the high voltage dc current (HVDC) transmission system. It is expensive and difficult to utilize the discharging process of the precharged dc capacitor to evaluate the current-limiting performance. In this paper, a R-Q curve based evaluation method for current-limiting performance of dc R-SFCLs in dc system is proposed, which replaces the dc impulse experiment with ac impulse experiment. A ± 160kV dc SFCL prototype is designed by Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., and tested to acquire the experimental heat accumulation Q and the experimental R-Q curve. Accordingly, the mathematical model consistent with the prototype is built in PSCAD. Finally, a fault condition is simulated in dc system to verify the feasibility of the R-Q curve based evaluation method. It is shown that the proposed method has superior properties in simplifying the testing platform, reducing the test requirements and costs, and providing reference for precise modeling of SFCLs.
Managing the Tech Mining Process (2004)

This chapter suggests how to get an organization to adopt tech mining. We distinguish five groups of players with distinctly different stakes. The chapter sets forth “process management” considerations critical to successful tech mining uptake. A checklist for analysts and managers spotlights eight factors that can bolster utilization. Another set of issues concerns how best to institutionalize tech mining – centralize, decentralize, or outsource? Particularly promising are moves to link tech mining into organizational strategic decision process systems. Learning how to do tech mining raises internal and external issues.
<title>Analysis of doubly periodic electromagnetic bandgap filters in coplanar waveguide technology</title> (2004)

The use of Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) structures has proven to be effective in the implementation of many devices in planar circuit technology, such as filters, couplers and antenna design. In this paper, a low pass filter based in EBG structures in coplanar waveguide (CPW) technology is proposed. The device consists in a periodically loaded CPW with shunt capacitive elements. This way, a low pass frequency response is obtained. The capacitive elements are formed by t-shaped fingers that extend from the central conductor strip to both ground planes. Further enhancement is achieved by introducing a second periodicity in the central conductor strip, modulating the width of the strip. By doing so, effective rejection of undesired frequency harmonics is achieved. Full wave simulation results as well as measurement from fabricated prototypes confirm the performance of the proposed low pass filter, which exhibits low insertion losses in the passband, high rejection slope and effective rejection of undesired harmonics. Another advantage is the small footprint, due to the inherent slow-wave nature of the device.
Genetic organization of the afimbrial adhesin operon and nucleotide sequence from a uropathogenic Escherichia coli gene encoding an afimbrial adhesin (1985)

The uropathogenic Escherichia coli KS52 strain expresses a mannose-resistant hemagglutinin AFA-I, which recognizes a human erythrocyte site distinct from the alpha-digalactoside glycosphingolipid receptor common to uropathogenic E. coli strains specifying a P adhesin. A 6.7-kilobase chromosomal DNA fragment was cloned from KS52 into pBR322 and was shown to be necessary for host cell mannose-resistant hemagglutination expression and uroepithelial cell adherence (Labigne-Roussel et al., Infect. Immun. 46:251-259, 1984). The genetic organization of the 6.7-kilobase DNA fragment was investigated by generating derivative plasmids, and the polypeptides encoded by those plasmids in isolated minicells were analyzed on polyacrylamide gel. The 6.7-kilobase insert expresses five polypeptides of molecular mass 13,000, 16,000, 18,500, 30,000, and 100,000 daltons encoded, respectively, by the afaA, afaE, afaD, afaB, and afaC genes. The five genes were localized and were shown to belong to the same transcriptional unit. The afaB, afaC, and afaE gene products are required for mannose-resistant hemagglutination expression, whereas mutations in or deletions of either afaA or afaD do not modify host mannose-resistant hemagglutination expression. The afaE gene was identified as the structural gene encoding hemagglutinin. The gene has been sequenced; it encodes a 152-residue protein containing a typical 21-residue procaryote signal sequence and a 131-residue mature polypeptide, the AFA-I adhesin.
Asymmetric synthesis of substituted 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acids via diketopiperazine methodology (2003)

Diketopiperazinespirocyclopropane 12 is prepared in > 98% d.e. via the conjugate addition of a phosphorus ylide to (6S)-N,N'-bis(p-methoxybenzyl)-3-methylenepiperazine-2,5-dione 2. Deprotection and hydrolysis of adduct 12 and subsequent peptide coupling demonstrate the applicability of this methodology to the asymmetric synthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acids for incorporation into novel peptides. A model for the high level of diastereofacial selectivity observed in the cyclopropanation reaction is presented. A highly selective asymmetric approach (> 98% d.e.) to (S)-[2,2-(2)H2]-1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid 29 is also reported via a deuterated sulfur ylide addition to acceptor 2.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiperoxidant Activity of New Phenolic O‐Glycosides. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Case of Liver Cirrhosis with Common Bile Duct Stone Treated with Endoscopic Papillary Balloon Dilatation (1995)

A 71-year-old male presented with fever. He had liver cirrhosis due to alcoholism. Blood tests and physical examinations revealed cholangitis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) showed a common bile duct stone. It was removed with endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation (EPBD) technique. This procedure may be recommended in patients with impaired hemostasis including the cirrhotics.
Picture comparison binarization method for cosmic ray muon radiography (2008)

Cosmic ray muon radiography has become a hot topic among people recently for its great preponderance to detect high-Z materials. Picture comparison is a key point of this technique. Currently, normalized mean absolute distance measure (NMADM) is one of the most useful methods for picture comparison. However, aimed at contraband detection, under the limitations of muon amount and unknown path, through the numerical simulations that we use NMADM to quantitatively evaluate the distribution of the nuclear material reconstructed by the MLSD-OSEM algorithm which we proposed in 2007, we found NMADM is not available for cosmic ray muon radiography. In this paper, we proposed to develop NMADM into a NMADM based on the binarized images, that is, picture comparison binarization method (PCBM). Numerical simulations demonstrate PCBM is a more reasonable picture comparison method for cosmic ray muon radiography. Believed this work will play a significant role for cosmic ray muon radiography into our real life.
Mercaptide conjugation in the uptake and secretion of sulfobromophthalein (1961)

Sulfobromophthalein (BSP) was injected into rats, and the livers were excised at timed intervals. The ratio of free to mercaptide-conjugated BSP in the liver was determined after extraction and chromatographic separation. After 2 minutes, 12.5% of the total dose was concentrated in the liver; of this, 65% was free BSP. At 5 minutes, 33% of the total dose appeared in the liver, of which approximately 50% was still in the free form. Increasing concentrations of BSP were infused or administered as a single injection, and free and conjugated pigment appearing in the bile was measured. The maximum secretion rate for free BSP was 3–7 µg/ min/gm liver. Maximum capacity for secretion of conjugates was not reached, even when 60 mg BSP/kg body weight was administered. When purified metabolites were injected, they were rapidly secreted into the bile. It was concluded that uptake of BSP from the blood is a dynamic process which precedes and is relatively independent of the conjugation step. In contrast, conjugation may be the rate-limiting step in determining the secretion rate of the pigment from the hepatic cell.
<title>Infrared transparent conductive oxides</title> (2001)

A novel class of complex metal oxides that have potential as transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) for the electromagnetic-interference (EMI) shielding on IR-seeker windows and missile domes has been identified. These complex metal oxides exhibit the rhombohedral (R3m) crystalline structure of naturally occurring delafossite, CuFeO<SUB>2</SUB>. The general chemical formula is ABO<SUB>2</SUB> where A is a monovalent metal (Me<SUP>+1</SUP> such as Cu, Ag, Au, Pt or Pd, and B is a trivalent metal (Me<SUP>3+</SUP>) such as Al,Ti,Cr,Co,Fe,Ni,Cs,Rh,Ga,Sn,In,Y,La,Pr,Nd,Sm or Eu. By adjusting the oxygen content, the conductivity can be varied over a wide range so that the delafossites behave as insulators, semiconductors or metals. This paper presents results for films of p-type Cu<SUB>x</SUB>Al<SUB>y</SUB>O<SUB>z</SUB> and n-type Cu<SUB>x</SUB>Cr<SUB>y</SUB>O<SUB>z</SUB> deposited by reactive magnetron co-sputtering from high-purity-metal targets. Films have been deposited using conventional RF- and DC-power supplies, and a new asymmetric-bipolar-pulsed- DC-power supply. Similar to the high-temperature-copper- oxide superconductors, the presence of Cu-O bonds is critical for the unique properties. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) are used to understand the relationship between the optoelectornic properties and the molecular structure of the films. For example, FTIR absorption bands at 1470 and 1395cm<SUP>-1</SUP> are present only in Cu<SUB>x</SUB>Al<SUB>y</SUB>O<SUB>z</SUB> films that exhibit enhanced electrical conductivity. When these bands are absent, the Cu<SUB>x</SUB>Al<SUB>y</SUB>O<SUB>z</SUB> films have high values of resistivity. In addition to the 1470 and 1395cm<SUP>-1</SUP> bands observed in Cu<SUB>x</SUB>Al<SUB>y</SUB>O<SUB>z</SUB> films, another pair of bands at 1040 and 970cm<SUP>-1</SUP> is present in Cu<SUB>x</SUB>Cr<SUB>y</SUB>O<SUB>z</SUB> films.
Thin Film Construction and Characterization and Gas-Sensing Performances of a Tailored Phenylene−Thienylene Copolymer (2003)

An alternating copolymer, poly(2,5-dioctyloxy-1,4-phenylene-alt-2,5-thienylene), has been synthesized and used in this research. The behavior of the floating film at the air-water interface has been investigated by measuring surface pressure versus area Langmuir isotherms and contemporaneously by reflection spectroscopy and Brewster angle microscopy. The floating films were transferred by the Langmuir-Schäfer (horizontal lifting) method onto various substrates. It is apparent from these analyses that the effective conjugation length is larger than those in other electroactive polymers and that a strong coplanarity and interchain association takes place above all in the floating film on the water surface and in the transferred multilayers. Such films were used as the active layers in resistive chemical gas sensor devices, thus revealing excellent sensitivity toward NO(2), reversibility, and time stability of the response.