gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative bioavailability study of doxycycline hyclate (equivalent to 100 mg doxycycline) capsules (doxycin vs vibramycin) for bioequivalence evaluation in healthy adult volunteers (2004)

This investigation was carried out to evaluate the bioavailability of a new capsule formulation of doxycycline (100 mg), doxycin, relative to the reference product, vibramycin (100 mg) capsules. The bioavailability was carried out in 24 healthy male volunteers who received a single dose (100 mg) of the test (A) and the reference (B) products after an overnight fast of at least 10 hours on 2 treatment days. The treatment periods were separated by a 2-week washout period. A randomized, balanced 2-way cross-over design was used. After dosing, serial blood samples were collected for a period of 48 hours. Plasma concentrations of doxycycline were analyzed by a sensitive and validated high-performance liquid chromatography assay. The pharmacokinetic parameters for doxycycline were determined using standard noncompartmental methods. The parameters AUC(0-t), AUC(0-infinity), Cmax, K(el), t(1/2) and Cmax/AUC(0-infinity) were analyzed statistically using log-transformed data. The time to maximum concentration (tmax) was analyzed using raw data. The parametric 90% confidence intervals of the mean values of the pharmacokinetic parameters: AUC(0-t), AUC(0-infinity), Cmax and Cmax/AUC(0-infinity) were within the range 80-125% which is acceptable for bioequivalence (using log-transformed data). The calculated 90% confidence intervals based on the ANOVA analysis of the mean test/reference ratios of AUC(0-t), AUC(0-infinity), Cmax and Cmax/AUC(0-infinity) were 95.98-109.56%, 92.21 to 107.66%, 93.90-112.56%, and 96.0 to 106.91% respectively. The test formulation was found bioequivalent to the reference formulation with regard to AUC(0-t), AUC(0-infinity), Cmax and Cmax/AUC(0-infinity) by the Schuirmann's two 1-sided t-tests. Therefore, the 2 formulations were considered to be bioequivalent.
Molecular Mechanisms of Primary Resistance to Flucytosine in <i>Candida albicans</i> (2004)

Primary resistance in Candida albicans to flucytosine (5-FC) was investigated in 25 strains by identifying and sequencing the genes FCA1, FUR1, FCY21, and FCY22, which code for cytosine deaminase, uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRT), and two purine-cytosine permeases, respectively. These proteins are involved in pyrimidine salvage and 5-FC metabolism. An association between a polymorphic nucleotide and resistance to 5-FC was found within FUR1 where the substitution of cytidylate for thymidylate at nucleotide position 301 results in the replacement of arginine with cysteine at amino acid position 101 in UPRT. Isolates that are homozygous for this mutation display increased levels of resistance to 5-FC, whereas heterozygous isolates have reduced susceptibility. Three-dimensional protein modeling of UPRT suggests that the Arg101Cys mutation disturbs the quaternary structure of the enzyme, which is postulated to compromise optimal enzyme activity. A single resistant isolate, lacking the above polymorphism in FUR1, has a homozygous polymorphism in FCA1 that results in a glycine-to-aspartate substitution at position 28 in cytosine deaminase.
Ultra-high-speed scaled-down self-aligned SEG SiGe HBTs (2003)

A self-aligned selective-epitaxial-growth (SEG) SiGe HBT with a funnel-shape emitter electrode, which is structurally optimized for an emitter being scaled-down towards 100 nm, was developed. This SiGe HBT has an ECL gate delay of 4.9 ps, and implemented in an ultra-high-speed static frequency divider, produces a maximum operating frequency of 81 GHz.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY OF A TRIAZOLOBENZODIAZEPINE‐OXALYL CHLORIDE ADDUCT (1978)

Abstract Ausgehend von dem Benzophenon (I) wird das Triazolobenzodiazepin (V) synthetisiert, dessen sukzessive Reaktion mit Oxalylchlorid und Dimethylamin das Amid (VI) und das Addukt (VII) liefert.
Optical Stability Testing of the Fiber Support Technology (FiST) Focal Plane Assembly of the SABER Instrument (1998)

The focal plane assembly ofthe Sounding ofthe Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument is supported using Fiber Support Technology (FiST) which utilizes high performance fibers in tension to mechanically support and thermally isolate a cooled component from a warm environment. Details ofthis approach were presented in detail at 5Pm meeting in Denver in 1996. The SABER team deemed it necessary to perform optical stability testing on this never-beforeflown technology for supporting focal plane assemblies to determine ifprecise positioning could be maintained through vibration and thermal cycling. After subjecting the support system to vibration and thermal cycling, the angular orientation between the warm outer support structure and the inner cold block was measured. Since the outer support structure serves as the reference location for positioning the focal plane assembly and the cold block is where the detectors reside, it was possible to determine ifFiST meets the optical stability requirements for the SABER instrument. The results from this testing are presented, discussed, and compared to the optical requirements ofthe SABER instrument. A briefsummary ofcurrent thermal and mechanical enhancements to the system will also be discussed
Knight Shift in Multivalley Semiconductors. I. Theory of Contact, Orbital, and Dipolar Shift and Relativistic Effects (1973)

A theory of the Knight shift in degenerate multivalley semiconductors is presented which takes into account the spin-orbit interaction and the relativistic effects on the hyperfine coupling. This theory treats rigorously the spinor character of the wave function and the nontensorial nature of the $g$ matrix. We give a formula for the shift created by an arbitrary ellipsoidal valley. This formula involves a simple linear combination of $g$ factors and matrix elements of the hyperfine field. In most cases (except that of a spherical valley) the Knight shift is not proportional to the Pauli paramagnetic susceptibility.
The role of resection margin frozen section in the surgical management of Crohn's disease. (1985)

The use of frozen section examination of resection margins in selecting the site for an ileocolonic anastomosis was evaluated in patients with Crohn's disease. Seventy-nine patients with ileitis or ileocolitis who underwent first resection with removal of all apparent disease and primary ileocolonic anastomosis were studied. The patients with a resection margin examined by frozen section (FS group, n = 38) and those with margins chosen on the basis of visual inspection alone (NO-FS group, n = 41) were compared. Frozen section examination was found to be poor at detecting margin involvement: although 60 of 61 margins examined by frozen section were reported as negative at the time of operation, 20 of 61 were actually involved by Crohn's disease. Furthermore, despite the use of frozen section examination, the prevalence and severity of margin involvement in the FS and NO-FS groups were not statistically significantly different. Short term and long term clinical outcome were also not statistically different; the incidence of postoperative anastomotic leakage and obstruction was 13 per cent in the FS group and 5 per cent in the NO-FS groups (p NS). Clinical recrudescence rates by life table analysis in the FS and NO-FS groups were 37 +/- 9 per cent and 50 +/- 8 per cent, respectively, at five years, and 60 +/- 12 per cent and 66 +/- 9 per cent at ten years (p NS). Reoperation rates were 18 +/- 8 per cent at five years in both groups and 36 +/- 13 per cent in the FS group and 32 +/- 12 per cent in the NO-FS group at ten years. The findings support conservative resection to achieve grossly uninvolved margins rather than sacrifice of functional intestine in an attempt to achieve histopathologically uninvolved margins on frozen section.
The Preparation of (8‐Hydroxyquinolinato)Bis(2‐Phenylpyridyl)Iridium Complexes and Their Photophysical Properties (2008)

Abstract Four derivatives of the titled compounds, (8‐hydroxyquinoline)bis(2‐phenylpyridyl)iridium ( IrQ(ppy) 2 ), were prepared. Two of them were confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses, in which solvent molecules were found to be incorporated in the crystal lattices. Their emission spectra display separated dual bands in de‐aerated solutions at about 515 and 645 nm upon excitation. These green and red emissions are attributed to the triplet metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer ( 3 MLCT) and triplet ligand centered ( 3 LC) transitions in Ir(ppy) 2 and IrQ, respectively. It is suggested that such a multiple emission is feasible by nearly orthogonal orientation between the ppy and quinoline ligands in the mixed‐ligand Ir‐compounds which prohibits energy transfer between the two different ligands. The electroluminescence (EL) of these compounds was examined by the fabrication of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Unlike the spectra in solutions, their EL spectra displayed only the red emission band. Devices displaying white light can be obtained by mixing the red emission of IrQ(ppy) 2 with a compatible blue emitter (NPB) in separated layers.
Cardiovascular effects of acute changes in extracellular ionized calcium concentration induced by citrate and CaCl<sub>2</sub>infusions in conscious, chronically instrumented dogs and their interactions with ganglionic blockade (1992)

To assess the hemodynamic effects of acute changes in extracellular ionized calcium concentration, [Ca2+], seven dogs were chronically instrumented to measure heart rate, aortic, left atrial, and left ventricular (LV) pressures, cardiac output, and coronary and renal blood flows. [Ca2+] was lowered 0.35 mmol.l-1 by citrate infusion and then increased 0.35 mmol.l-1 above control level by CaCl2 infusions. This protocol was performed in the conscious dogs with and without ganglionic blockade (chlorisondamine 2 mg.kg-1). LV dP/dtmax decreased at low [Ca2+] and increased at high [Ca2+] during all conditions. The other hemodynamic variables measured were only slightly changed by changing [Ca2+] without ganglionic blockade and surprisingly even less with ganglionic blockade. Therefore, the lesser hemodynamic effects induced by acute changes in [Ca2+] in the conscious compared with anesthetized dogs cannot be explained by the depressant effects of the anesthetics upon the autonomic nervous system. We have suggested that the binding of Mg2+ to citrate may be of importance for the minor hemodynamic effects in the conscious dogs.
Engineering cell-type selective immune responses using mechanism-based designer IL-4 cytokines. (57.8) (2011)

Abstract IL-4 supports the differentiation and function of B and T cells, but also induces a response in virtually all cell types. Lymphocytes express mostly the IL-4 type I receptor (IL-4Ra and common gamma (CG) chains), and non-hematopoietic cells express primarily the type II receptor (IL-4Ra and IL-13Ra1 chains; also receptor for IL-13), while other leukocytes express both. We have engineered human IL-4 variants with up to 3-logs higher affinity for CG, or up to 2-logs increased binding to IL-13Ra1. Binding of these variants did not perturb receptor orientation. Selected variants were tested on various human cell lines or peripheral blood cells for their ability to differentially induce phospho-STAT6. The RGA variant, which has the highest affinity for CG and lost 1-log binding affinity to IL-13Ra1, induced significantly more pSTAT6 in the Ramos B cell line and in primary lymphocytes, and less pSTAT6 in epithelial and fibroblastic cells, compared to IL-4. Conversely, the KFR variant, which had the highest affinity to IL-13Ra1, had the opposite effect on these cells. Relative abundance (or scarcity) of CG and IL-13Ra1 on the cell surface dictated the potency of each variant: cells expressing high levels of both receptors were not affected, whereas cells expressing limited CG benefited most from the increased affinity afforded by RGA. These new variants have potential therapeutic application in targeting selective cell types, and thereby reducing toxic effects in vivo.
Onset of symptoms in spontaneous pneumothorax: correlations to physical activity. (1987)

In this work, we studied the effect of compressed CO2 on the stability of vesicles formed in a dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB)/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) mixed surfactant system by combination of phase behavior and turbidity study, and UV-vis and fluorescence techniques. It was discovered that compressed CO2 could enhance the stability of vesicles significantly. This new and effective method to stabilize vesicles has some unique advantages over conventional methods. For example, the size and stability of the vesicles can be easily controlled by CO2 pressure; the method is greener because CO2 is a green reagent and it can be released completely after depressurization, which simplifies postseparation processes in applications. The main reason for CO2 to stabilize the vesicles is that CO2 molecules can insert into the hydrophobic bilayer region to enhance the rigidity of the vesicle film and reduce the size of the vesicles, which is different from that of conventional cosolvents (e.g., alcohols) used to stabilize vesicles. On the basis of this discovery, we developed a method to prepare hollow silica spheres using tetraethoxysilane as the precursor and CO2-stabilized vesicles as the template, in which CO2 acts as both the stabilizer of the vesicular template and the catalyst for the hydrolysis reaction of the precursor, and other cosolvents and catalysts are not required. Besides, the size of the silica hollow spheres prepared can be controlled by the pressure of CO2.
A Greener Alternative Titration Method for Measuring Acid Values of Fats, Oils, and Grease (2019)

Abstract A greener alternative method is proposed for measuring acid values (AV) of fats, oils, and grease (FOG) based on visual titration. Compared with Official Method Cd 3d‐63 of the American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), this greener alternative method can eliminate the use of toluene, which in turn reduces toxicity and cost. A total of 44 samples of yellow and brown grease with AV ranging from 0.13 to 170.37 (mg KOH) g −1 were titrated using both methods. The alternative titration method can provide accurate and reliable results to determine the AV of FOG by various statistical analyses including repeatability, linear regression, f ‐test, t ‐test, and method accuracy calibration with AOCS Cd 3d‐63. This low‐cost method can be recommended for routine titration in research and development, and in biodiesel plants for most FOG samples.
The inverse problem of the calculus of variations (2008)

We show that given an ordinary differential equation of order four, it may be possible to determine a Lagrangian if the third derivative is absent (or eliminated) from the equation.This represents a subcase of Fels'conditions [M.E. Fels, The inverse problem of the calculus of variations for scalar fourth-order ordinary differential equations, Trans.Amer.Math.Soc.348 (1996) 5007-5029] which ensure the existence and uniqueness of the Lagrangian in the case of a fourth-order equation.The key is the Jacobi last multiplier as in the case of a second-order equation.Two equations from a Number Theory paper by Hall, one of second and one of fourth order, will be used to exemplify the method.The known link between Jacobi last multiplier and Lie symmetries is also exploited.Finally the Lagrangian of two fourth-order equations drawn from Physics are determined with the same method.
A genomewide survey of basic helix–loop–helix factors in <i>Drosophila</i> (2000)

The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors play important roles in the specification of tissue type during the development of animals. We have used the information contained in the recently published genomic sequence of Drosophila melanogaster to identify 12 additional bHLH proteins. By sequence analysis we have assigned these proteins to families defined by Atonal, Hairy-Enhancer of Split, Hand, p48, Mesp, MYC/USF, and the bHLH-Per, Arnt, Sim (PAS) domain. In addition, one single protein represents a unique family of bHLH proteins. mRNA in situ analysis demonstrates that the genes encoding these proteins are expressed in several tissue types but are particularly concentrated in the developing nervous system and mesoderm.
A comprehensive analysis of classification methods in gastrointestinal endoscopy imaging (2021)

Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy has been an active field of research motivated by the large number of highly lethal GI cancers. Early GI cancer precursors are often missed during the endoscopic surveillance. The high missed rate of such abnormalities during endoscopy is thus a critical bottleneck. Lack of attentiveness due to tiring procedures, and requirement of training are few contributing factors. An automatic GI disease classification system can help reduce such risks by flagging suspicious frames and lesions. GI endoscopy consists of several multi-organ surveillance, therefore, there is need to develop methods that can generalize to various endoscopic findings. In this realm, we present a comprehensive analysis of the Medico GI challenges: Medical Multimedia Task at MediaEval 2017, Medico Multimedia Task at MediaEval 2018, and BioMedia ACM MM Grand Challenge 2019. These challenges are initiative to set-up a benchmark for different computer vision methods applied to the multi-class endoscopic images and promote to build new approaches that could reliably be used in clinics. We report the performance of 21 participating teams over a period of three consecutive years and provide a detailed analysis of the methods used by the participants, highlighting the challenges and shortcomings of the current approaches and dissect their credibility for the use in clinical settings. Our analysis revealed that the participants achieved an improvement on maximum Mathew correlation coefficient (MCC) from 82.68% in 2017 to 93.98% in 2018 and 95.20% in 2019 challenges, and a significant increase in computational speed over consecutive years.
Intrinsic Structure-Reactivity Relationships in Gas-Phase SN2 Reactions: Identity Exchange of Substituted Benzyl Chlorides with Chloride Ion (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntrinsic Structure-Reactivity Relationships in Gas-Phase SN2 Reactions: Identity Exchange of Substituted Benzyl Chlorides with Chloride IonBrian D. Wladkowski, James L. Wilbur, and John I. BraumanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6, 2471–2480Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00085a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00085a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views218Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wide spectrum of filaggrin-null mutations in atopic dermatitis highlights differences between Singaporean Chinese and European populations (2011)

This study emphasizes the wider genetic landscape of FLG-null mutations in Asia that is slowly emerging.
Green Electroluminescence in Poly‐(3‐cyclohexylthiophene) light‐emitting diodes (1994)

Electoluminescent devices based on polythiophene‐system this films have been demonstrated that together span the entire visible range, steric hindrance being used to vary the bandgap between compunds. Poly‐(3‐cyclohexylthiophene), see Figures, exhibits green electoluminescence. Possible interpretations of this observation are proposed. magnified image
Palladium-silicondioxide-silicon structures as hydrogen sensors in electrolytes (1983)

It is demonstrated that palladium-silicondioxide-silicon structures can be used to monitor hydrogen dissolved in electrolytes. It is shown that in acids (HCl) the small amount of naturally occurring hydrogen in the electrolyte is large enough to saturate the device with hydrogen. The principle of operation is suggested to be similar to that of the palladium-MOS structure kept in an inert atmosphere like argon.
Pharmacologic Characteristics of Indinavir, Didanosine, and Stavudine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children Receiving Combination Therapy (2000)

The use of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors in children has lagged behind that in adults because of the lack of suitable pediatric formulations and information on safe and effective dosing regimens. This study was designed to obtain pharmacokinetic information on indinavir, administered to HIV-infected children also receiving therapy with two nucleoside agents, and to explore relationships between pharmacokinetic parameters and anti-HIV effect. Indinavir was initiated at a dose of 500 mg/m(2) every 8 h. Plasma indinavir concentrations were measured every 4 weeks; the dose or dosing interval was adjusted to maintain trough concentrations of > or =0.1 mg/liter. All children were evaluated clinically at baseline and every 4 weeks. Plasma HIV RNA was quantitated at baseline and at weeks 4, 12, and 24. Eighteen children participated in this study. The average daily dose of indinavir was 2,043 mg/m(2); nine children received indinavir at 6-h intervals. Pharmacokinetic characteristics of indinavir (mean +/- standard deviation) were the following: oral clearance, 1.4 +/- 0.5 liters/h/kg; half-life, 1.1 +/- 0.43 h; and trough concentration, 0. 29 +/- 0.32 mg/liter. In nine children that completed 24 weeks of therapy, the baseline-to-week-24 change in HIV RNA level was related to indinavir trough concentration and didanosine area under the curve. This study illustrates the ability to obtain pharmacokinetic information from children during routine clinic visits and to use this information to provide a safeguard against underdosing. The incorporation of pharmacologic knowledge with virologic, immunologic, and behavioral considerations should result in improved clinical outcomes for children infected with HIV.
Why and how prefiltering for discrete multiwavelet transforms (1996)

We study why prefiltering is necessary for discrete multiwavelet transforms. We propose a method to generate prefilters given a set of multiwavelet filterbanks, where they are called good prefilters.
Effect of Interaction Modeling in AFM-Based Nanomanipulation (2008)

AFM-based nanomanipulation is very challenging because of the complex mechanics in tip-sample interactions and the limitations in AFM visual sensing capabilities. In the present paper, we investigate the modeling of AFM-based nanomanipulation emphasizing the effects of the relevant interactions at the nanoscale. The major contribution of the present work is the use of a combined DMT-JKR interaction model in order to describe the complete collision process between the AFM tip and the sample. The coupling between the interactions and the friction at the nanoscale is emphasized. The efficacy of the proposed model to reproduce experimental data is demonstrated via numerical simulations.