gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incidence and severity of Arcanobacterium pyogenes injection site abscesses with needle or needle-free injection methods (2009)

A total of 198 nursery age pigs were used to evaluate the difference in the occurrence of injection site abscesses between needle-free jet injection and conventional needle-and-syringe injection systems. Pigs were fed for 21 d prior to treatment administration to acclimate the pigs to the environment of the Kansas State University Segregated Early Weaning Unit. On d 21, each pig received 4 injections of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant, 1 in the neck and 1 in the ham by needle-free jet injection (Pulse Needle-Free Systems, Lenexa, KS) on 1 side and 1 in the neck and 1 in the ham on the opposite side by conventional needle-and-syringe injection. Immediately prior to injection, the external surface of the injection sites was contaminated with an inoculum of Arcanobacterium pyogenes. The pigs were then fed for a period of 27 and 28 d. On d 27 and 28, the pigs were humanely euthanized and sent to the Kansas State University Veterinary Diagnostics Laboratory, where necropsies were performed and the injection sites underwent histopathological evaluation. The needle-free jet injection system was associated with more injection site abscesses than the conventional needle-and-syringe injection method for both the neck (P = 0.06) and ham (P = 0.03) injection sites. Twelve abscesses were found at needle-free injection sites, whereas only 1 abscess was found where a conventional needle injection method was used. Five abscesses were found at the neck injection sites, and 8 abscesses were observed at the ham injection sites. Of the 13 abscesses found, 10 developed on the left side of the animal, and only 3 were on the right side. In summary, the implementation of needle-free jet injection systems in market hog production will be beneficial by eliminating the potential for needles and needle fragments in meat products, but it may increase the occurrence of injection site abscesses in pork carcasses that will need to be trimmed in pork processing plants.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 2009
Molecular Engineering of Fluorescent Penicillins for Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Assays (2006)

The interaction of seven novel fluorescent labeled beta-lactams with a library of six polymer materials molecularly imprinted (MI) with penicillin G (PenG) has been evaluated using both radioactive and fluorescence competitive assays. The highly fluorescent competitors (emission quantum yields of 0.4-0.95) have been molecularly engineered to contain pyrene or dansyl labels while keeping intact the 6-aminopenicillanic acid moiety for efficient recognition by the cross-linked polymers. Pyrenemethylacetamidopenicillanic acid (PAAP) is the tagged antibiotic that provides the highest selectivity when competing with PenG for the specific binding sites in a MI polymer prepared with methacrylic acid and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (10:15 molar ratio) in acetonitrile in the presence of PenG. Molecular modeling shows that recognition of the fluorescent analogues of PenG by the MI material is due to a combination of size and shape selectivity and demonstrates how critical the choice of label and tether chain is. PAAP has been applied to the development of a fluorescence competitive assay for PenG analysis with a dynamic range of 3-890 muM in 99:1 acetonitrile-water solution. Competitive binding studies demonstrate various degrees of cross-reactivity for some antibiotics derived from 6-aminopenicillanic acid, particularly amoxicillin, ampicillin, and penicillin V (but not oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, or nafcillin). Other antibiotics, such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline, or cephapirin, do not compete with PAAP for binding to the imprinted polymer. The MI assay has successfully been tested for PenG analysis in a pharmaceutical formulation.
Humidity-Tunable Electronic Conductivity of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Containing Gold Nanoparticles (2015)

The frequency-dependent conductivity of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM) containing gold nanoparticles was investigated as a function of relative humidity (RH). Multilayers were prepared from poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and gold nanoparticles (Au-NP). Impedance spectroscopy revealed that the dc conductivity of PEM-containing layers of Au-NP is ∼5 orders of magnitude higher than the dc conductivity in PEM made solely of polymeric constitutents. An electronic conductivity is inferred, where electrons are transported via tunneling between adjacent gold nanoparticles. Humidity-dependent measurements show that the dc conductivity decreases with increasing relative humidity, and reversibly increases again when RH is decreased. This is attributed to swelling of the polyelectrolyte chains between adjacent particles, leading to larger distances and lower tunneling probabilities. The conductivity of PEM doped with Au-NP can be reversibly tuned over many cycles by varying the relative humidity. In addition, the salt content of the polyelectrolyte solutions has a major influence on the film conductivity, which is attributed to different conformations of adsorbing chains controlling the interparticle distances. The electronic transport is considered to be a tunneling process with a sensitive dependence on film parameters, thus presenting the possibility of preparing films with tunable electronic conductivity. We show that conductivity can be controlled either during preparation by the choice of deposition conditions or after preparation by tuning through humidity-induced swelling/deswelling of the films.
Abstract 3797: Patients with Diabetes and Previous Ischemic Strokes in the National Institute of NINDS trial (2012)

Background and Purpose Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of morbidity in the United States. Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) given within 4.5 hours from symptom onset has shown to improve outcomes. The ECASS III trial, which helped to extend the time window for thrombolysis, had specific exclusion criteria. One of these exclusions was patients who had a past medical history of both previous diabetes (DM) and an ischemic stroke. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the impact of a previous history of both DM and an ischemic stroke on outcome in patients in the NINDS trial. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of the NINDS database. Subjects with a previous history of both DM and an ischemic stroke were identified. Baseline characteristics were analyzed for any difference between the two groups. The outcome measures included symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) as defined by NINDS criteria, and 90 day NIHSS, mRS and death. The statistical analysis was performed using a two sample median test and a Fisher’s exact test. Results: Thirty four individuals were identified with a previous history of DM and ischemic stroke. Fifteen (4.8%) were in the treatment group and 19 (6.1%) were in the placebo group. The median age in those treated with rt-PA was 74.6 years compared to 61.9 years in those who received placebo (p=0.02). The median systolic blood pressure was 178mmHg in the treated group versus 150mmHg in the placebo group (p=0.02). There was no difference between the baseline NIHSS. The rt-PA treated patients had a sICH rate of 6.67% compared to 5.26% in the placebo group (p=0.70). The median NIHSS at 90 days was 5 in the treated group and 3.5 in the placebo group (p=0.26). The median 90 day mRS was 4 in the rt-PA group and 2 in the placebo group (p=0.29). Four (26.7%) of treated patients died compared to 3(15.8%) of patients in the placebo group (p=0.67). Conclusion: Subjects in the NINDS trial who had the past medical history of both DM and an ischemic stroke were older and had a higher blood pressure in the treatment arm. There was no difference in the sICH rate between both groups. There was no difference in the outcomes of both groups. This study is limited by its retrospective nature and the small sample size of the sub-group.
Multi – objective, integrated, regional energy system optimisation (2015)

INSPIRATION In an effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to improve resource use, the European Commission published in 2012 a new directive on energy efficiency (2012/27/EU). Among other measures, it requires member states to conduct cost-benefit analyses of heating and cooling systems. These assessments should identify optimal solutions, in terms of technologies and management concepts, to efficiently cover heating and cooling demand while minimising resource use and cost. Waste heat valorisation, which could cover approximately 90% (2 778 TWh) of the heat demand in the residential and service sectors of the EU27 (Persson et al.[1]), is to be assessed too. Current optimisation methodologies for heat management rely on mathematical methods like Mixed Integer Linear and Non-Linear Programming (MILP, MINLP). So far, these optimisation methods all address specific and distinct aspects of heat management (e.g. waste heat recovery, network design, process demand, building and urban energy demand). An integrated approach combining these aspects has not yet been fully proposed. These methods have also been developed for single processes and urban or industrial sites, but not yet for large (regional and national) scale applications. The lack of a holistic multiple-scale approach to optimisation could lead to sub-optimal solutions and/or to insufficient consideration of constraints. INNOVATION The main objective of the OptiHeat PhD project is to develop an integrated optimisation method for heat management at large scale, with a particular focus on regional waste heat valorisation. It will combine several existing and specific optimisation methods covering energy production, storage, heat recovery, etc., while considering costs and the minimisation of CO2 emissions using a combination of multi-objective optimisation, MILP and MINLP approaches. The optimisation methodology will be applicable to small and large scales (processes, sites, regions and countries), some not yet fully addressed. IMPACT This project will lead to a flexible optimisation method that will have larger applicability than the current case-specific, stand-alone approaches. The outcomes of the thesis can be used to conduct cost-benefit analyses as required by the EU. The data generated for the case-study in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg will be useful for municipalities that need to address energy-related issues at local level. The optimisation method will also provide the scientific background for the development of new energy-contracting services related to optimal heat management across regions and countries (e.g. using mobile heat transport systems). [1] Persson U., Werner S., 2012, District heating in sequential energy supply, Applied Energy, 95, pp. 123-131
Unsupervised face alignment by robust nonrigid mapping (2009)

We propose a novel approach to unsupervised facial image alignment. Differently from previous approaches, that are confined to affine transformations on either the entire face or separate patches, we extract a nonrigid mapping between facial images. Based on a regularized face model, we frame unsupervised face alignment into the Lucas-Kanade image registration approach. We propose a robust optimization scheme to handle appearance variations. The method is fully automatic and can cope with pose variations and expressions, all in an unsupervised manner. Experiments on a large set of images showed that the approach is effective.
High Speed Tensile Tester for Thin Polymer Films (1965)

A high speed tensile tester was designed to study the tensile properties of thin polymer films using a flywheel. The tester consisted of a variable speed motor (1-HP) coupled to a flywheel, tooled from steel disc, through pulleys. It provided tensile speed over the range from 0.1 to 10m/sec. The force arising while testing the sample was detected by means of a semiconductor strain gauge whose output signal was fed to vertical deflection plate of an oscilloscope. The sweep of the oscilloscope was triggered when the light beam to a phototube was traversed by striking-fork mounted on the rim of the flywheel just before stretching the sample. The amplifier of the oscilloscope was flat from DC to 100kc. The resonance frequency of the strain gauge with a clamp for the sample was 1.1kc and its sensitivity was 2.5mV/kg if the carrier voltage was 1V.The response of the high speed tensile tester to the force arising in stretching the sample was examined by means of an analogue computer. The response relates to the true stress, strain, the strain rate, resonance frequency and the damping of the gauge and upper and lower cut-off frequencies of the amplifier recorder system. The motion of the gauge should be represented by the following equation:x+2lx+ω2x=F(t)/Mwhere x is displacement, M is the effective mass of the moving part including the mass of clamp. F(t) is considered stress function which shows load-time relation of the sample. The difference of the observed load-time curve from the true under 1m/sec of tensile speed is shown for various bandwidth of amplifier and resonance frequencies of the gauge. From the results, it is found that the observed load-time curve at 1m/sec of tensile speed is in accord with the true curve if the upper cut-off frequency of an amplifier is 5kc, the lower one is DC and resonance frequency of the gauge is 2kc, and at higher speeds these values increase proportionally except the lower cut-off frequency.Considering the above analysis, stress-strain curves of the commercial film of cellulose-triacetate are indicated at the rates of strain from 200 to 8000%/sec. The results are compared with those of the tests carried out on the same materials with an Instron type tester at the rates of the strain of 0.17, 1.7 and 16.7%/sec.
The differential reference frequency synthesizer (2002)

Indirect digital frequency synthesizers cannot achieve fast frequency switching with closely spaced frequencies because of limitations imposed by the requisite narrow loop bandwidth. A novel dual-loop digital frequency synthesizer is presented which satisfies these conflicting requirements and, in most cases, exhibits improved phase noise performance. Two realizations of the novel frequency synthesizer are presented and compared to a conventional dual-loop digital synthesizer using an example. From this example, it is evident that the use of the differential reference frequency synthesizer allows synthesis of closely spaced frequencies with phase-locked loops that use arbitrarily high reference frequencies and, therefore, can have considerably wider bandwidths and commensurately shorter frequency switching times than can be achieved with conventional dual-loop synthesizers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Targeted manipulation of grain boundaries and triple junctions on thin films using lasers: A Potts model simulation (2006)

A two-dimensional Potts model is used to simulate the motion of a laser spot on a polycrystalline thin film. The model is used to demonstrate the feasibility of reshaping individual grain boundaries by either dragging grain boundaries or by repositioning triple junctions.
A Novel Anti-Thrombotic Heparinoid (ORG 10172) Devoid Of Bleeding Inducing Capacity: A Survey Of Its Pharmacological Properties In Experimental Models In Rats (1981)

The pharmacological profile of a heparinoid (Org 10172) was assessed In experimental thrombosis and bleeding models In rats. Org 10172 Inhibited thrombus formation In arteriovenous shunts dose dependently (ID50=5 mg/kg i.v.); heparin USP had an ID50 of 0,4 mg/kg I.v. in the same model. Taking the effective dose ratio of the compounds into account both Org 10172 and heparin USP similarly reduced the 125I-fibrin content In thrombi; Org 10172 however affected less the 51Cr-labeled platelet content in the thrombi than heparin USP. Heparin USP progressively prolonged bleeding at doses of 1 mg/kg i.v. and higher, whereas Org 10172 showed no increase in bleeding over a dose range of 50-200 mg/kg i.v. The benefit (anti-thrombotic)/risk (bleeding) ratio is at least 20-fold higher than for heparin USP. In vitro Org 10172 did not Inhibit the collagen-Induced release of serotonin from platelets, in contrast to heparin USP. Org 10172 was at least 500 times less active In enhancing the thrombin-AT III Interaction than heparin USP, it showed a very small increase In APTT and had about 6% of the factor Xa- inhibiting activity of heparin USP. The improved profile of the drug may be attributed to these quite different effects on blood platelet function and the coagulation pathway.
Hemin uptake in Porphyromonas gingivalis: Omp26 is a hemin-binding surface protein (1993)

A 26-kDa outer membrane protein (Omp26) has been proposed to play a role in hemin acquisition by Porphyromonas gingivalis (T. E. Bramanti and S. C. Holt, J. Bacteriol. 174:5827-5839, 1992). We studied [55Fe]hemin uptake in P. gingivalis grown under conditions of hemin starvation (Omp26 expressed on the outer membrane surface) and hemin excess (Omp26 not expressed on surface). [55Fe]hemin uptake occurred rapidly in hemin-starved cells which incorporated up to 70% of total [55Fe]hemin within 3 min. P. gingivalis grown under hemin-starved conditions or treated with the iron chelator 2,2'-bipyridyl to induce an iron stress took up six times more [55Fe]hemin than hemin-excess-grown cells. Polyclonal monospecific anti-Omp26 antibody added to hemin-starved cells inhibited [55Fe]hemin uptake by more than 50%, whereas preimmune serum had no effect. [55Fe]hemin uptake in hemin-starved P. gingivalis was inhibited (36 to 67%) in the presence of equimolar amounts of unlabeled hemin, protoporphyrin IX, zinz protoporphyrin, and Congo red dye but was not inhibited in the presence of non-hemin-containing iron sources. Heat shock treatment (45 degrees C) of hemin-excess-grown P. gingivalis (which cases translocation of Omp26 to the surface) increased [55Fe]hemin uptake by threefold after 3 min in comparison with cells grown at 37 degrees C. However, no [55Fe] hemin uptake beyond 3 min was observed in either hemin-excess-grown or hemin-starved cells exposed to heat shock. In experiments using heterobifunctional cross-linker analysis, hemin and selected porphyrins were cross-linked to Omp26 in hemin-starved P. gingivalis, but no cross-linking was seen with hemin-excess-grown cells. However, cross-linking of hemin to Omp26 was observed after heat shock treatment of hemin-excess-grown cells. Finally, anti-Omp26 antibody inhibited cross-linked of hemin to Omp26. These findings indicate that hemin binding and transport into P.gingivalis cell mediated by Omp26.
Analysis of the particle interactions in a two-dimensional-plasma dust crystal and the use of dust as a probe of the time-averaged presheath electric field (2002)

A method for measuring the interactions of dust particles within a two-dimensional (2D) layer in a plasma is presented, along with the use of dust as a probe for determining plasma presheath electric fields. Particle interactions were directly determined from the lateral compression of two-dimensional plasma dust crystals confined in a parabolic potential well. The shape of the parabolic potential well was confirmed by observing trajectories of single particles falling within the well. Particle trajectories were in good agreement with values calculated using gas temperatures derived from laser-induced-fluorescence measurements of the argon metastable velocity distributions and assuming diffusive gas scattering. Measured particle separations combined with an equation of state for the crystal were used to derive values for the plasma screening length and the charge on the particles. Screening lengths and charges were measured for a range of plasma power, pressure, and particle diameter (mass). Analysis of the particle heights and charge were used to derive the time-averaged electric fields at the edge of the rf driven plasma sheath. Measured electric fields were between 5 and 22 V/cm. For smaller particle diameters, the ion wind force was comparable to the force of gravity. These measurements showed that the particles are confined to the bulk-plasma side of the classical Bohm point.
Heterozygous SOD1 deficiency in mice with an NZW background causes male infertility and an aberrant immune phenotype (2019)

New Zealand white (NZW) mouse is a mutant strain that has a larval defect in the immune system, and a F1 hybrid between NZW and New Zealand Black mouse spontaneously develops systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In meantime, the ablation of superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1) causes autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, a clinical condition of SLE, in mice with a C57BL/6 background. On the basis of our previous studies, we hypothesised that oxidative stress may trigger this aberrant autoimmunity in NZW mice without crossing with another strain. To validate this, we attempted to establish Sod1<sup>-/-</sup>/NZW mice but this attempt failed to obtain any objective mouse. The congenic Sod1<sup>+/-</sup>/NZW male mice were completely infertile because of severe oligozoospermia attributed to a defect in spermatogenesis. The levels of the SOD1 protein were about a half in the testes of the Sod1<sup>+/-</sup>/NZW mice. Sperm from the Sod1<sup>+/-</sup>/NZW mice were largely defective and showed quite low fertilising ability in in vitro fertilisation assays. Concomitant with an increase in the oxidatively modified proteins, spermatogenic cells underwent more cell death in the testes of the Sod1<sup>+/-</sup>/NZW mice compared to those of WT/NZW mice. An examination of immunocompetent cells from Sod1<sup>+/-</sup>/NZW mice indicated an abnormality in T-cell responses. These collective results suggest that the oxidative stress caused by an SOD1 haploinsufficiency exerts deleterious effects on the testis, either directly on spermatogenic cells or via the destabilisation of the autoimmune response in Sod1<sup>+/-</sup>/NZW mice.
Properties of Spatial Ballistic Plasma Wave Echoes (1972)

Spatial electron plasma wave echo experiments are described in which the relation between the echo wavelength and frequency is given by ω3/=vc, where vc is approximately equal to the velocity at which the electron distribution function has maximum slope. It is concluded that the echo response is dominated by free-streaming electrons. Other evidence is also presented which supports this conclusion. The experimental results corroborate many of the properties of free-streaming disturbances derived from an expansion of the Vlasov-Poisson system. Numerical integrations of the derived expressions for the second-order ballistic echo electric field compare favorably with experiment. The mechanism by which electrons are perturbed by the externally applied fields (e.g., in velocity or density) is found to influence the detailed structure of the echo response.
A comparison of diabetic foot ulcer patients managed in VHA and non-VHA settings. (2001)

Many commonly held stereotypes of veteran men were not found. Veterans and nonveterans with foot ulcers were similar in terms of health and foot history, diabetes severity, and comorbid conditions. There was considerable variation in treatment of diabetic foot ulcers between VHA and non-VHA care. Yet this variation did not result in statistically significant differences in ulcer outcomes.
Realization of sequential circuits by look-up table rings (2004)

The LUT ring is a new type of memory-based realization of a sequential circuit that requires much smaller memory than conventional methods. In this paper, a method to realize a sequential circuit by a look-up table (LUT) ring is presented. The sequential circuit consists of a combinational part and feedback flip-flops. The combinational part is represented by a set of LUT cascades, and they are sequentially emulated by the LUT ring. The LUT ring uses two types of clocks: one evaluates the combinational part, and the other is the clock for state transitions of the sequential circuit. We present a method to reduce the clock period for state transitions, given limited memory size.