gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro schedule-dependent interaction and gene expression modulation by gemcitabine and pemetrexed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. (2004)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004

2028 

Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine analogue that inhibits ribonucleotide reductase (RR) as well as DNA synthesis and is now an established effective agent in the treatment of NSCLC. The present study investigates whether pemetrexed, a new multitargeted antifolate that blocks folate metabolism and DNA synthesis, would be synergistic with gemcitabine against A549, Calu-1 and Calu-6 NSCLC cell lines. Cells were treated with gemcitabine (1 h), and pemetrexed (24 h), and the 50% inhibitory concentrations on cell growth (IC50) were respectively 0.13±0.02 and 0.25±0.03 (A549), 5.28±1.25 and 34.13±5.78 (Calu-1) and 1.66±0.36 and 4.84±1.10 μg/ml (Calu-6). The analysis by the combination index demonstrated synergism mainly with the sequence pemetrexed-gemcitabine in A549 and Calu-6 cells, while in Calu-1 cells the degree of synergism observed with the gemcitabine-pemetrexed sequential exposure was considerably greater than that observed with the reverse sequence. To asses the role of drug metabolism on gemcitabine cytotoxicity, further studies were performed with inhibitors of the gemcitabine activating enzyme deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), and the inactivating enzymes 5’-nucleotidase (5’-NT), and cytidine deaminase (CDA). The crucial role of dCK in gemcitabine citotoxicity was confirmed by a significant increase in IC50 by adding the dCK inhibitor 2’-deoxycytidine in all cell lines, while there was a modest increase in cytotoxicity by inhibition of 5’-NT and CDA, with diethylpyrocarbonate and tetrahydrouridine, respectively. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry demonstrated that pemetrexed increased cell population in S phase (from 6.0 to 32.5% [A549], from 25.7 to 38.4% [Calu-1] and from 23.3 to 39.8% [Calu-6]), which is the most sensitive phase of cell cycle to gemcitabine. Furthermore, all the pemetrexed-gemcitabine combinations significantly enhanced the occurence of apoptosis, as detected by fluorescence microscopy. Finally, quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated that pemetrexed, at the IC50 level, significantly enhanced expression of dCK in A549 (+92.40%), potentially facilitating gemcitabine activation, while gene expression was not apparently modulated in Calu-1 cells. These data provide evidence that the combination of gemcitabine and pemetrexed displays schedule-dependent synergistic cytotoxic activity against NSCLC cells, associated with favorable modulation of cell cycle, induction of apoptosis and inducible dCK gene expression.
Polarons in acetanilide (1989)

The best available data are presented of the integrated intensity of the 1650-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ band in crystalline acetanilide as a function of temperature. A concise theory of polaron states is presented and used to interpret the data.
Recognition strategies in a continuous speech understanding system (1981)

ESOPE0, the first version of our speech recognition system, uses a top-down strategy from the pragmatic level to the phonetic one, and operates from left to right with a best-few method and no-backtracking. Dynamic comparison among the four best phoneme-candidates is carried out. ESOPE1 uses the same basic strategy in a systematic way: A best-few algorithm leads to a beam-search procedure. ESOPE1-1 employs a top-down treatment down to the acoustic level with a diphone dictionary. It uses a dynamic comparison method at the acoustic level. In our automatic dictation project, using a natural language syntax and a 170 000-form vocabulary, a bottom-up, best-few attitude has been taken to translate into words an error-free continuous phoneme string. We therefore feel that severely limited language and poor phoneme recognition involve a top-down strategy, whereas a bottom-up strategy is preferable in the opposite situation. This, and the recent results in psycholinguistics, lead us, in our present elaboration of ESOPE2, to the use of both a top-down, and a bottom-up strategy (Prediction-Verification-Induction). Predictions are made at each level, but the recognized phonemes may introduce unpredicted words, to allow limited learning abilities.
CCR5 sequestration by RANTES analogues: a rational and plausible strategy for topical prevention of HIV infection. (2006)

TEXT Recent years have witnessed a welcome explosion in the development of topical strategies to prevent HIV infection. We present here the rationale for inducing sequestration of the HIV coreceptor using modified RANTES analogues as a microbicide strategy to prevent HIV infection. First, CCR5 expression is not necessary as congenital absence of its surface expression has no deleterious phenotype. Our lead microbicide compound, PSC-RANTES mimics this by promoting durable CCR5 sequestration in human blood cells and blocks HIV infection in these cells, in human epidermal Langerhans cells and in human ectocervical explants. This is an important strategy since sequestration of a host-encoded coreceptor is far less likely to promote viral escape mutation than targeting a viral element or use of a small molecule to block viruscoreceptor binding. This prediction is likely accurate since our sustained efforts to select for PSCRANTES-resistant mutants in vitro have failed (Mosier, Microbicides ’06). What is more, PSC RANTES is not absorbed systemically after topical administration thus selection for resistant viruses is not anticipated even if administered to persons who are HIV infected but not aware of it. In contrast to other foreign proteins, since PSC RANTES differs in structure from the native host RANTES molecule in only a few places, it is less likely to be immunogenic (but this must be proven). While no untoward inflammatory effects have been seen to date, the agonist activity of this agent must be explored in more detail. In terms of activity, PSC-RANTES is the only single agent topical strategy that has to date provided “complete” (10/10 animals) protection against SHIV 162P3 transmission in the rhesus vaginal challenge model. Finally, we now have access to a fully recombinant RANTES analogue that sequesters CCR5 and has in vitro antiviral activity comparable to that of PSC-RANTES (Hartley, Microbicides ‘06). Detailed estimates of the cost of production by microbial fermentation suggest that the cost of production would be a few cents per dose (Offord, Microbicides ’06). Thus topical sequestration of CCR5 using a RANTES analogue deserves further evaluation as a promising strategy to prevent HIV infection in the developing world. Dr. Michael Lederman Professor: Case Western Reserve Univeristy, MXL6@case.edu, tel 01-216-844-8786, fax 01216-84405523, 2061 Cornell Road, Room 401, Cleveland, OHIO, 44106, USA
On the accuracy of the binomial approximation to the distance distribution of codes (1995)

The binomial distribution is a well-known approximation to the distance spectra of many classes of codes. We derive a lower estimate for the deviation from the binomial approximation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improving communication of drug risks to prevent patient injury: proceedings of a workshop (2003)

Common themes for potential solutions include enhanced education of healthcare providers, increased motivation of patients and families, use of creative communication technologies, and better organization of and access to medical records and information.
Fragmentation of molecular adsorbates by electron and ion bombardment: Methoxy chemistry on Al(111) (1988)

(High resolution) electron energy loss spectroscopy [(HR)EELS] has been used successfully to provide direct spectroscopic evidence regarding details of the molecular fragmentation of methoxy (CH3O) on Al(111) caused by energetic electron and ion beams. Chemisorbed methoxy on Al(111) is produced by heating of adsorbed CH3OH. Irradiation of CH3O(a) by either energetic (∼300 eV) electrons or Ar+ ions results in C–O and C–H bond scission with simultaneous formation of Al–O and Al–C bonds. During electron stimulated desorption the CH3O(a) species undergo sequential fragmentation first to CHx groups that are captured by the surface and in the final decay process to adsorbed carbon. C–O bonds in CH3O(a) are depleted preferentially compared to C–H bonds in CHx(a) species. The electron induced sequential fragmentation of the parent CH3 group (from methoxy) to resultant CHx(a) occurs with an efficiency ∼3 orders of magnitude greater then the subsequent process of CHx(a) →C(a). Cross sections for various bond scission processes in electron and ion bombardment have been estimated.
Quantitative phase imaging using grating-based quadrature phase interferometer (2007)

In this paper, we report the use of holographic gratings, which act as the free-space equivalent of the 3x3 fiber-optic coupler, to perform full field phase imaging. By recording two harmonically-related gratings in the same holographic plate, we are able to obtain nontrivial phase shift between different output ports of the gratings-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The phase difference can be adjusted by changing the relative phase of the recording beams when recording the hologram. We have built a Mach-Zehnder interferometer using harmonically-related holographic gratings with 600 and 1200 lines/mm spacing. Two CCD cameras at the output ports of the gratings-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer are used to record the full-field quadrature interferograms, which are subsequently processed to reconstruct the phase image. The imaging system has ~12X magnification with ~420μmx315μm field-of-view. To demonstrate the capability of our system, we have successfully performed phase imaging of a pure phase object and a paramecium caudatum.
In vitro evaluation of the contractile response to endothelin-1 of the circular and longitudinal myometrial layers of the uterine horn of nongravid mares (2005)

ET-1 causes contraction of the CMLH and LMLH in nongravid horses. In both layers, ETA receptors mediate contraction but the role of ETB receptors remains unclear. In the LMLH, ETA receptors have a dominant role; the presence of another receptor or receptor subtype within this layer is suggested. These findings support a physiologic role for ET-1 in uterine contractility.
A Biotechnology Experience Resource Center in Northeast Ohio (1998)

Research Article| March 01 1998 A Biotechnology Experience Resource Center in Northeast Ohio Christopher A. Cullis, Christopher A. Cullis Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Bettie Sogor, Bettie Sogor Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Judy Lachvayder Judy Lachvayder Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1998) 60 (3): 182–184. https://doi.org/10.2307/4450447 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Christopher A. Cullis, Bettie Sogor, Judy Lachvayder; A Biotechnology Experience Resource Center in Northeast Ohio. The American Biology Teacher 1 March 1998; 60 (3): 182–184. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4450447 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright The National Association of Biology Teachers Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Emergence of resistance to multiple beta-lactams in Enterobacter cloacae during treatment for neonatal meningitis with cefotaxime (1990)

HEUSSER, MARCELA F. MD; PATTERSON, JAN EVANS MD; KURITZA, ALEX P. PHD; EDBERG, STEPHEN C. PHD, ABMM; BALTIMORE, ROBERT S. MD Author Information
Analytical and experimental evaluation of a novel wideband digital beamformer with on-site coding (2014)

In this paper, we present a review of the state-of-the-art analog and digital beamformer architectures. In addition, an analytical and experimental evaluation of a novel transceiver architecture with on-site coding is conducted. The architecture features agile beam forming, jamming mitigation, and MIMO capability. The proposed architecture departs from traditional digital beamforming approaches. Specifically, a single analog to digital converter (ADC) is assigned to a group of array elements instead of having one ADC per element. To facilitate this approach, code division multiplexing is applied to each received antenna signal prior to combining them for digitization using a single ADC. In this paper, a detailed systematic evaluation of the proposed on-site coding receiver is carried out. We examine the trade-offs using non-ideal components (e.g. filters), including finite resolution ADCs and their impact on the system’s noise floor. It is concluded that the bit error rate shows minimal SNR degradation using filters of order 4 and ADCs with 10 bit resolution along with Walsh–Hadamard (WH) codes to realize on-site coding. We also present a two-channel implementation with components off-the-shelf assuming a modulated binary phase shift keying input signal and WH codes of length 8. Measurements show full signal recovery with minimal degradation.
Metal Hydrides (2016)

Metal hydrides (MHs) can act as solid-state hydrogen storage media, some of them having high gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen densities. The scientific community is currently putting significant efforts into developing hydride materials for onboard vehicular storage. MH materials can be used to generate hydrogen either directly by applying heat or indirectly by reacting with other hydrogen-containing molecules, such as NaBH4 hydrolysis with water or LiAlH4 aminolysis with ammonia. MHs fall into three basic classes, namely simple hydrides, interstitial hydrides, and complex hydrides. Many metals and alloys are capable of storing large amounts of hydrogen and forming metal hydrides. Magnesium can be alloyed with many transition metals, and the resulting alloys can display promising hydrogen storage properties. One of the innovations developed in the metal hydride hydrogen storage field has been the use of destabilized materials to improve the thermodynamics of hydrogen storage reactions.
Polarized light for resolution enhancement at 70 nm and beyond (2005)

We have investigated the impact of light polarization on the imaging performance of a high NA 193nm wafer scanner. This system allows the usage of well linear polarized light for imaging at several illumination modes. The printing performance of critical DRAM features have been investigated for various mask types like attenuated, chrome-less and alternating PSM using polarized and depolarized light. Moreover various illumination schemes such as circular, cross-pole and dipole illumination have been tested for different light polarization settings. An improvement of the resolution and the process window, and a reduction of the mask error enhancement factor compared to depolarized light have been obtained using appropriately chosen linear polarization. The influence of light polarization on the proximity behavior has been studied. Under investigation was specifically the proximity behavior change for mask features with attached sub-resolution assist features. Experimental data of the influence of the polarization on the intra-field CD uniformity of densely packed features of critical DRAM layers are presented. Based on the obtained measurement data the CD control improvement potential has been analyzed. Our experimental and simulation results verify that light polarization has resolution enhancing potential already for features of the 70nm node and - of course - beyond.
Freezing of Gait detection in Parkinson's disease using accelerometer based smart clothes (2011)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative neurological disorder. Patients suffer from different movement disturbances. Amongst others, freezing of gait (FOG) is a common and disabling feature. A new method for FOG detection using a garment with integrated accelerometers, the MiMed-Pants, is presented and evaluated. MiMed-Pants are loose fitting washable pants for measuring movements and were previously developed. The accelerations of shanks and belt of 6 patients were recorded while walking on two standardized courses. The occurrence of FOG were detected and documented both by the new method and by a physician. Those recordings were then compared afterwards to determine the new method's sensitivity and specificity. With this wearable measurement device FOG could be detected without the distracting effects of an extensive measurement installation.
Application of enzymatic activity measurements to biological phosphate removal from wastewater (1997)

Activity measurements of enzymes have been used in the research. Properties of microorganism populations of activated sludge have been estimated by this method. During the experiments, the activity of the following enzymes catabolising polyphosphate changes were measured: polyphosphatases, adenylate kinase, AMP:PP phosphotransferase. In order to designate the phosphorous release and uptake rate, a batch test has been carried out together with the activity measurement. Activated sludge for the experiments was taken from three substantially different wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The enzymatic activities of the activated sludges which come from different WWTP indicate a high ability of microorganisms to change polyphosphates. The interpretation of the results shows good correlations of polyphosphatase and AMP:PP phosphotransferase activity with the phosphate release rate. The results of the experiments indicate the suitability of the activity measurement for defining potential possibility of a microorganism population to carry out biological phosphate removal by the activated sludge method.
Concept, realization and performance of a two-beam phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer (2013)

Interferometric inspection of optical surfaces and wavefronts requires permanently increasing accuracy. Therefore interferometric equipment is being improved and improved continuously. Point-diffraction interferometers (PDI) with an “inbuilt” reference wavefront originating from light diffraction by a pinhole aperture are potentially capable to produce the highest possible accuracy of a surface figure or wavefront characterization. The most mentioned configurations and their versions like Linnik-Smart and Sommargren schemes produce low-contrast spare-striped fringe patterns instead of full-contrast distinct interferograms, like e.g. produced by Fizeau interferometers, with clear phase shifting (PS) data flow. The concept of a PDI presented in this paper is to provide two perpendicularly outgoing wavefronts – test and reference ones – with mutual intensity regulation and arbitrary and stable phase shifts of one wavefront relative to the other. Such concept is also targeted to provide user-friendly measuring conditions similarly to interferometers which are in common use. Advantages of such arrangement of the PDI are: high numerical aperture (NA = 0.55), clear fringe patterns of high contrast, high accuracy of surface figure testing with wave-front RMS error 0.125 nm and wave-front RMS repeatability 0.05 nm. Performance of the PDI is illustrated by tables of repeatability and test surface profile plots for different azimuthal angles.
ClC3 Is a Critical Regulator of the Cell Cycle in Normal and Malignant Glial Cells (2008)

Although most brain cells are postmitotic, small populations of progenitor or stem cells can divide throughout life. These cells are believed to be the most likely source for primary brain malignancies including gliomas. Such tumors share many common features with nonmalignant glial cells but, because of their insidious growth, form cancers that are typically incurable. In studying the growth regulation of these tumors, we recently discovered that glioma cell division is preceded by a cytoplasmic condensation that we called premitotic condensation (PMC). PMC represents an obligatory step in cell replication and is linked to chromatin condensation. If perturbed, the time required to complete a division is significantly prolonged. We now show that PMC is a feature shared more commonly among normal and malignant cells and that the reduction of cell volume is accomplished by Cl(-) efflux through ClC3 Cl(-) channels. Patch-clamp electrophysiology demonstrated a significant upregulation of chloride currents at M phase of the cell cycle. Colocalization studies and coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed the channel on the plasma membrane and at the mitotic spindle. To demonstrate a mechanistic role for ClC3 in PMC, we knocked down ClC3 expression using short hairpin RNA constructs. This resulted in a significant reduction of chloride currents at M phase that was associated with a decrease in the rate of PMC and a similar impairment of DNA condensation. These data suggest that PMC is an integral part of cell division and is dependent on ClC3 channel function.
Honeycomb model based skin colour detector for face detection (2010)

Skin colour is an important feature for face detection and recognition in colour images. To obtain the possible face regions in colour images, skin colour models are always constructed by statistical analysis. Owing to low accuracy of the static models, researchers have discussed several dynamic models to correct input images. Unfortunately, it is possible that some objects whose colour is the same as the definition exist, and the previous methods cannot separate real skin item from skin colour background. Thus, this paper presents a honeycomb model to recognise the real human skin colour. The performance of the new skin colour detector technique has been tested under complex lighting source and background environments. It is observed that the proposed model can effectively improve the segmentation results. Especially, the honeycomb model is capable of separating the human face which connected with other face or skin colour background.
AN INTERFEROMETRIC-MODULATION ORDER-SEPARATOR FOR A FAR INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH (1962)

The theory and operation of an interferometricmodulation order-separator for a far infrared spectrograph is described.
Verificação da possibilidade de identificação da transferência metálica no processo MIG/MAG pulsado através de um sensor óptico (2002)

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de verificar a possibilidade do emprego de um sensor optico
na construcao de um dispositivo de identificacao da transferencia metalica, no processo MIG/MAG
pulsado, com baixo custo e boa flexibilidade. Utilizou-se um fotodiodo de silicio como sensor
optico e uma interface eletronica para transformar a tensao gerada em um sinal compativel com o
processamento computacional. A soldagem pulsada, em aco comum baixo carbono, foi realizada
automaticamente na posicao plana empregando uma fonte eletronica multiprocesso. A
transferencia metalica foi filmada por meio de uma câmera de alta velocidade com a finalidade de
validar a identificacao pelo dispositivo proposto. Os sinais do sensor, da filmadora, da tensao e da
corrente de soldagem foram sincronizados para garantir uma analise adequada. Os resultados
mostraram que e possivel o emprego deste tipo de sensor na identificacao da transferencia metalica
com boa confiabilidade para o aco, tornando possivel a sua utilizacao na otimizacao do processo
de soldagem MIG/MAG pulsado.