gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real values of the <i>W</i> -function (1995)

Approximations for real values of W(x) , where W is defined by solutions of W exp( W ) = x , are presented. All of the approximations have maximum absolute (| W |>1) or relative (| W |<1) errors of O (10 −4 ). With these approximations an efficient algorithm, consisting of a single iteration of a rapidly converging iteration scheme, gives estimates of W(x) accurate to at least 16 significant digits (15 digits if double precision is used). The Fortran code resulting from the algorithm is written to account for the different floating-point-number mantissa lengths on different computers, so that W(x) is computed to the floating-point precision available on the host machine.
Sky rivers (2018)

Streams of stars falling into our galaxy trace its history and mass. They may even record encounters with clumps of dark matter.
Integrating legacy system into big data solutions: Time to make the change (2014)

Storing, analyzing and accessing data is a growing problem for organizations. Competitive pressures and new regulations are requiring organizations to efficiently handle increasing volumes and varieties of data, but this doesn't come cheap. And as the demands of Big Data exceed the constraints of traditional relational databases, evaluating legacy infrastructure and assessing new technology has become a necessity for most organizations, not only to gain competitive advantage, but also for compliance purposes. The challenge is how well the organization's legacy infrastructure integrates Big Data. It is without a doubt that one way or another Big Data must be accommodated by legacy systems. Legacy systems contain significant and invaluable business logic of the organization. Organizations cannot afford to throw away or replace this business logic. These legacy systems are assets of the organization. These invaluable assets of encoded `business logic' represent many years of coding, development, real-life experiences, enhancements, modifications, debugging etc. Most of the legacy systems were developed without the process models or data models - now needed to support and integrate Big Data. To integrate Big Data into legacy system, modernization of legacy system is required. There are many approaches for modernization of legacy systems but none of them are focused on integrating Big Data into legacy systems. Legacy systems hold valuable data too important to be lost in the process of modernization. However, addressing the issues and scope related to incorporating Big Data with legacy systems allows mature legacy systems to become part of groundswell changes. There are many areas unaddressed about integration of Big Data into legacy systems. Incorporating data from new sources, specifically "live" sources, into existing legacy systems is a technical challenge. Moreover, the sheer volume of Big Data can be daunting. Our paper presents the scope of integrating Big Data into modernization of legacy systems.
ZnO nanotip-based acoustic wave sensors (2008)

ZnO nanostructures possess unique advantages for the biosensor applications, such as giant surface areas, high sensitivity, biological compatibility, and integratability with Si-based electronics.This dissertation addresses the development of ZnO nanotip-based acoustic wave sensors, and their biological applications. ZnO nanostructures are grown on the surfaces of various sensors, including surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors, by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The single crystalline ZnO nanotips are well aligned along the substrate normal direction, confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, respectively. The photoluminescence (PL) measurements show the free exciton emission at room temperature, indicating superior optical property of the ZnO nanotips.The surface wetting properties of the ZnO nanostructured sensing surfaces are studied. It is demonstrated that the contact angles on ZnO nanotips can be changed between 0 and 130 degrees. The repeatable and reversible transitions between hydrophobic and superhydrophilic status of ZnO nanostructured surfaces have been achieved by UV illumination and low temperature oxygen annealing. The transition rate has been increased by 10-times in comparison with the published results. The immobilizations of DNA oligonucleotides to ZnO nanostructures have been conducted. DNA hybridization with complementary and non-complementary second strand DNA oligonucleotide is used to study the selectivity of the SAW sensor. The radioactive labeling tests and SAW sensor responses demonstrate that by using ZnO nanotips the DNA immobilization is enhanced by a factor of 200 in comparison with using the ZnO films. A ZnO nanotip-based QCM sensor is developed. The ZnO nanotip coated QCM sensor shows a 10-times larger frequency shift than that of regular QCM sensors, when measuring the same DNA oligonucleotide solution. In addition, the superhydrophilic behaviors of the nanotip array significantly reduce the required liquid volume for effective detection and only 3% solution is required to cover the same sensing surface compared to the traditional QCM sensor. The superhydrophilic sensing surface boosts the solution taking ability; therefore, enhances the sensitivity of the QCM sensor. The functionalization of ZnO nanotips with a series of mono- or bi-functional linkers have been achieved, which makes the selective biological sensing possible on the ZnO nanotip based QCM. ZnO nanotip-based SAW and QCM sensors possess the advantages of both traditional acoustic wave sensors and ZnO nanostructures, including high efficiency, good selectivity, low cost and broad biological applications.
An Auto-configuration 4M Group Management using Wireless Sensor Networks for Reconfigurable Manufacturing System (2010)

The first tier of automotive manufacturers has faced to pressures about move,modify,updating tasks for manufacturing resources in production processes from demand response of production order sequence for motor company and process innovation purpose for productivity. For meets this requirements,it has to require absolutely lead time to re-wiring of physical interface for production equipment,needs for change existing program and test over again.For prepare this constraints,it needs studying an auto-configuration functions that build for both visibility and flexibility based on the 4M(Man,Machine,Material, Method)group management which is supports from WSN (Wireless Sensor Network)of the open embedded device called M2M(Machine to Machine)and major functions of middleware including point manager for real-time device communication,real-time data management,Standard API (Application Program Interface)and application template management.To be application system to RMS (Reconfigurable Manufacturing System)for rapidly response from various orders and model from motor company that is beginning to establishing the mapping of manufacturing resources of 4M using WSN.
Zone-Melting (1956)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTZone-MeltingA Fresh Outlook for Fractional CrystallizationW. G. PFANNView Author Information Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill, N. J.Cite this: Chem. Eng. News 1956, 34, 13, 1440–1443Publication Date (Print):March 26, 1956Publication History Published online5 November 2010Published inissue 26 March 1956https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v034n013.p1440Copyright © 1956 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views8Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (601 KB) SUBJECTS:Crystallization Get e-Alerts
The Role of Paired Basic Amino Acids in Mediating Proteolytic Cleavage of Prosomatostatin (1989)

Many small peptide hormones are synthesized as larger precursors in which the mature hormone sequence is flanked by pairs of basic amino acids. These precursors often undergo extensive post-translational modifications; a critical step in this process is proteolytic excision of the hormone at the paired basic residues. To determine the role of paired basic amino acids as recognition signals for cleavage by processing enzymes, we investigated the heterologous expression of prosomatostatin (the pro-somatotropin release inhibiting factor (pro-SRIF). Pro-SRIF is one of the simplest peptide hormone precursors, possessing a single copy of the 14-residue SRIF peptide at its carboxyl terminus preceded by the least common pair of basic amino acids, Arg-Lys. Employing site-directed mutagenesis, we altered the paired basic cleavage site to the more common Arg-Arg and Lys-Arg residues. The native and mutated precursors were expressed in rat pituitary GH3 cells and mouse 3T3 cells using a retroviral vector. Alteration of the paired basic residues had no effect on the specificity of proteolytic cleavage as both the native and mutant precursors were processed with 70 to 80% efficiency in GH3 cells. Surprisingly, when the mutant pro-SRIFs were expressed in 3T3 cells, which do not process the native precursor, the Arg-Arg and Lys-Arg precursors were processed with 16 and 20% efficiency, respectively. The role of an acidic compartment in mediating pro-SRIF cleavage was also investigated using low concentrations of the lysosomotrophic drug Chloroquine. Twenty-five microM Chlorquine completely inhibited pro-SRIF cleavage and intracellular storage; the unprocessed precursor was secreted into the medium. We conclude that (i) exposure to an acidic compartment is required for pro-SRIF maturation, and (ii) the conformation of the processing site, rather than the composition of the basic amino acids, defines cleavage specificity by prohormone processing enzymes.
The Effect of Conduction on VHF Radar Images Shot in Water-Filled Boreholes (2008)

A downhole digital memory-logging pulsed borehole radar transceiver operating in the 10-125-MHz band was run repeatedly down two 1.25-km-deep, uncased, water-filled 60-mm boreholes in the Northern Limb of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Suspended on an insulating cord, it mapped a steep fault in the Main Zone from a range of 75 m down through its intersection with the borehole. Lowered on a wire rope, the transceiver launched guided ~75 m/mus first-order transverse magnetic pulses which shuttled axially between the radar and the bedding planes. Decoupled from the wire by 2 m of insulating cord, it yielded a profile in which radar reflections and guided bedding plane echoes superimposed. As the radar descended through the mineralized, stratified Platreef, traces were found to be imprinted with voltage level shifts that showed, with Laterolog-comparable resolution, the conductivity profile of the Platreef.
The AMP-activated protein kinase pathway – new players upstream and downstream (2004)

The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) cascade is a sensor of cellular energy status. Whenever the cellular ATP:ADP ratio falls, owing to a stress that inhibits ATP production or increases ATP consumption, this is amplified by adenylate kinase into a much larger increase in the AMP:ATP ratio. AMP activates the system by binding to two tandem domains on the gamma subunits of AMPK, and this is antagonized by high concentrations of ATP. AMP binding causes activation by a sensitive mechanism involving phosphorylation of AMPK by the tumour suppressor LKB1. Once activated, AMPK switches on catabolic pathways that generate ATP while switching off ATP-consuming processes. As well as acting at the level of the individual cell, the system also regulates food intake and energy expenditure at the whole body level, in particular by mediating the effects of hormones and cytokines such as leptin, adiponectin and ghrelin. A particularly interesting downstream target recently identified is TSC2 (tuberin). The LKB1-->AMPK-->TSC2 pathway negatively regulates the target of rapamycin (TOR), and this appears to be responsible for limiting protein synthesis and cell growth, and protecting against apoptosis, during cellular stresses such as glucose starvation.
Power Upgrading of Transmission Line by Combining AC–DC Transmission (2007)

Long extra high voltage (EHV) ac lines cannot be loaded to their thermal limits in order to keep sufficient margin against transient instability. With the scheme proposed in this paper, it is possible to load these lines very close to their thermal limits. The conductors are allowed to carry usual ac along with dc superimposed on it. The added dc power flow does not cause any transient instability. This paper presents the feasibility of converting a double circuit ac line into composite ac-dc power transmission line to get the advantages of parallel ac-dc transmission to improve stability and damping out oscillations. Simulation and experimental studies are carried out for the coordinated control as well as independent control of ac and dc power transmissions. No alterations of conductors, insulator strings, and towers of the original line are needed. Substantial gain in the loadability of the line is obtained. Master current controller senses ac current and regulates the dc current orders for converters online such that conductor current never exceeds its thermal limit
Accuracy of the S100<i>β</i>protein as a marker of brain damage in traumatic brain injury (2011)

Within the first 6 hours post-TBI, serum S100β seems to be an effective biochemical indicator of IL in patients without a decrease in consciousness. These results indicate that higher S100β cut-off values substantially improve the clinical relevance of this protein.
Dielectric Properties of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Doped Barium Strontium Titanate for Application in Phased Array Antennas (1999)

Effects of Al 2 O 3 doping on the dielectric properties of barium strontium titanate for application in phased array antennas have been studied. The grain size of the specimen is maximum for barium strontium titanate doped with 1 wt% Al 2 O 3 . The density and the real part of the relative dielectric constant decreases with increasing Al 2 O 3 content. The loss factor is minimum for barium strontium titanate doped with 2 wt% Al 2 O 3 content. The real part of the dielectric constant and the loss factor with frequency of all the specimens is stable in the measurement frequency range from 1 MHz to 40 MHz. The real part of the dielectric constant of the specimens decreases with increasing applied DC field. The loss factor of the specimens is influenced much less by the DC field than the real part of the dielectric constant. The tunability is about 24% for barium strontium titanate doped with 1 wt% Al 2 O 3 content.
Safety evaluation of fixed combination piperaquine plus dihydroartemisinin (Artekin<sup>®</sup>) in Cambodian children and adults with malaria (2003)

Artekin is safe and effective combination therapy for uncomplicated malaria in children and adults. Although piperaquine is a long half-life drug related to other quinoline compounds including chloroquine and quinine, no clinically significant cardiovascular or metabolic effects were observed.
Linguistic Attractors (1999)

The interdisciplinary linguistic attractor model portrays language processing as linked sequences of fractal sets, and examines the changing dynamics of such sets for individuals as well as the speech community they comprise. Its motivation stems from human anatomic constraints and several artificial neural network approaches. It uses general computation theory to: (1) demonstrate the capacity of Cantor-like fractal sets to perform as Turing Machines; (2) better distinguish between models that simply match outputs (emulation) and models that match both outputs and internal dynamics (simulation); and (3) relate language processing to essential computation steps executed in parallel. Measure and information theory highlight the key variables driving linguistic dynamics, while catastrophe and game theory help predict the possible topologies of language change. It introduces techniques to isolate and measure attractors, and to interpret their stability and relative content within a system. Important results include the capability to distinguish the sequence of related sound changes, and to make point-to-point comparisons of different texts using common metrics. Other techniques allow quantifiable ambiguity landscapes illustrating the forces that propel different languages in different directions.
Effect of Dietary Protein on Bone Loss in Elderly Men and Women: The Framingham Osteoporosis Study (2000)

Few studies have evaluated protein intake and bone loss in elders. Excess protein may be associated with negative calcium balance, whereas low protein intake has been associated with fracture. We examined the relation between baseline dietary protein and subsequent 4-year change in bone mineral density (BMD) for 391 women and 224 men from the population-based Framingham Osteoporosis Study. BMD (g/cm2) was assessed in 1988-1989 and in 1992-1993 at the femur, spine, and radius. Usual dietary protein intake was determined using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and expressed as percent of energy from protein intake. BMD loss over 4 years was regressed on percent protein intake, simultaneously adjusting for other baseline factors: age, weight, height, weight change, total energy intake, smoking, alcohol intake, caffeine, physical activity, calcium intake, and, for women, current estrogen use. Effects of animal protein on bone loss also were examined. Mean age at baseline (+/-SD) of 615 participants was 75 years (+/-4.4; range, 68-91 years). Mean protein intake was 68 g/day (+/-24.0; range, 14-175 g/day), and mean percent of energy from protein was 16% (+/-3.4; range, 7-30%). Proportional protein intakes were similar for men and women. Lower protein intake was significantly related to bone loss at femoral and spine sites (p < or = 0.04) with effects similar to 10 lb of weight. Persons in the lowest quartile of protein intake showed the greatest bone loss. Similar to the overall protein effect, lower percent animal protein also was significantly related to bone loss at femoral and spine BMD sites (all p < 0.01) but not the radial shaft (p = 0.23). Even after controlling for known confounders including weight loss, women and men with relatively lower protein intake had increased bone loss, suggesting that protein intake is important in maintaining bone or minimizing bone loss in elderly persons. Further, higher intake of animal protein does not appear to affect the skeleton adversely in this elderly population.
Influence of recovery conditions on apparent heat resistance of <i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i> spores (1997)

Abstract The effects of post-treatment environmental factors on the heat resistance of Bacillus stearothermophilus spores (ATCC 12980, 7953, 15951 and 15952) were investigated. Nutrient Agar (NA), Antibiotic Assay Medium (AAM), Dextrose Tryptone Agar (DTA) and Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) with Ca2+ added to a final concentration of 100 p.p.m. were used as recovery media. No significant differences were seen between D-values obtained except in the case of strain 12980 when comparing TSA with the other media and for strain 7953 comparing AAM and DTA. The optimum incubation temperature was slightly lower for heated than for unheated spores of each strain, although, in general, 50 °C was adequate. Higher D-values were obtained at 50–55 °C. The effects of the pH of the medium in the range 5.0–7.0 and the addition of starch and phosphate on heat resistance have also been investigated. Maximum colony counts of heated spores were obtained at pH 7.0 and decreased as pH fell. D-values were significantly lower at pH ≤ 5.5. Increasing the concentration of phosphate in the recovery medium from 0 to 0.2% resulted in a progressive decrease in spore recovery and D-values. The addition of starch improved recoverability. The z-values obtained for the four strains studied under the different recovery conditions were similar with a mean value of 7.58 °C ± 0.28.
Interplay between telomere length and telomerase in human leukocyte differentiation and aging (2001)

Blood leukocytes derive from bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and differentiate into multiple types of mature cells that include granulocytes, monocytes, mast cells of myeloid lineage, and T and B lymphocytes of lymphoid lineage. Their distinctive paths of differentiation and unique roles in immune response provide a model for comparative analysis of biological parameters, such as telomere length and telomerase activity, in different types of leukocytes. Age has also been associated with the decline in immune functions and with the attrition of telomere length in leukocytes. This review will summarize recent progress in the study of telomere length and telomerase expression in leukocytes during differentiation and aging. In addition, I will attempt to shed new light on the roles of telomere and telomerase in leukocyte function and potential clinical interventions.
Efficient realizations of encoders and decoders based on the 2-D discrete wavelet transform (1999)

In this paper, we present architectures and scheduling algorithms for encoders and decoders that are based on the two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform. We consider the design of encoders and decoders individually, as well as in an integrated encoder-decoder system. We propose architectures ranging from a single-instruction multiple-data processor arrays to folded architectures that are suitable for single-chip implementations. The scheduling algorithms for the folded architectures range from those that try to minimize the latency to those that try to minimize the storage and keep the data flow regular. We include a comparison of the performance of these algorithms to aid the designer in choosing one that is best suited for a specific application.
Modeling and performance evaluation of a controlled IC fab using distributed colored timed Petri net (2002)

Proposes the modeling and performance evaluation of a controlled IC foundry fab using a distributed colored timed Petri net (DCTPN). A DCTPN is designed for highly model-mixed and flexible routing manufacturing systems. The distributed models can be integrated through communication places, and the manufacturing execution system (MES) can be executed using a COM (component object model) server place. Especially the process activities of a general IC foundry tool are analyzed, modeled and grouped into a basic tool model library. Based on the tool model library, an entire fab model can be constructed. The DCTPN-based fab model can act as a virtual fab, and be used to estimate fab performance and fab behaviors. In addition, the DCTPN conflict resolution and token competition rules are used to control a fab. Finally, a simplified 200 mm IC fab is presented and its system performance, including throughput, stage move, WIP (wafer in process) distribution, lot cycle time, and utilization, is evaluated. The operation histories of tools and lots are also included. The entire fab model has been verified in a real IC foundry fab.