gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Various modes of the equiangular spiral antenna (1963)

The 2-, 4- and 6-arm planar spiral antennas were excited by various feeding arrangements, and the pattern, phase variation and polarization of their fields were measured. It was found that the modes predicted by the solution of the infinitely-many-arms spiral antenna could be excited by spiral antennas that had only a small number of arms. In particular, we succeeded in exciting the "unpreferred" mode of the spiral antenna. Measurements also showed that in addition to the main mode of the spiral antenna, the field also contains higher order modes, which actually dominate the main mode in certain regions.
Models of inflammation of the lower urinary tract (2011)

Inflammation of the lower urinary tract occurs frequently in people. The causes remain obscure, with the exception of urinary tract infection. Animal models have proven useful for investigating and assessing mechanisms underlying symptoms associated with lower urinary tract inflammation and options for suppressing these symptoms. This review will discuss various animal models of lower urinary tract inflammation, including feline spontaneous (interstitial) cystitis, neurogenic cystitis, autoimmune cystitis, cystitis induced by intravesical instillation of chemicals or bacterial products (particularly lipopolysaccharide or LPS), and prostatic inflammation initiated by transurethral instillation of bacteria. Animal models will continue to be of significant value in identifying mechanisms resulting in bladder inflammation, but the relevance of some of these models to the causes underlying clinical disease is unclear. This is primarily because of the lack of understanding of causes of these disorders in people. Comparative and translational studies are required if the full potential of findings obtained with animal models to improve prevention and treatment of lower urinary tract inflammation in people is to be realized.
The behavior of peroxisomes in vitro: mammalian peroxisomes are osmotically sensitive particles (2004)

It has been known for a long time that mammalian peroxisomes are extremely fragile in vitro. Changes in the morphological appearance and leakage of proteins from purified particles demonstrate that peroxisomes are damaged during isolation. However, some properties of purified peroxisomes, e.g., the latency of catalase, imply that their membranes are not disrupted. In the current study, we tried to ascertain the mechanism of this unusual behavior of peroxisomes in vitro. Biochemical and morphological examination of isolated peroxisomes subjected to sonication or to freezing and thawing showed that the membrane of the particles seals after disruption, restoring permeability properties. Transient damage of the membrane leads to the formation of peroxisomal "ghosts" containing nucleoid but nearly devoid of matrix proteins. The rate of leakage of matrix proteins from broken particles depended inversely on their molecular size. The effect of polyethylene glycols on peroxisomal integrity indicated that these particles are osmotically sensitive. Peroxisomes suffered an osmotic lysis during isolation that was resistant to commonly used low-molecular-mass osmoprotectors, e.g., sucrose. Damage to peroxisomes was partially prevented by applying more "bulky" osmoprotectors, e.g., polyethylene glycol 1500. A method was developed for the isolation of highly purified and nearly intact peroxisomes from rat liver by using polyethylene glycol 1500 as an osmoprotector.
Sentiment Classification Using Document Embeddings Trained with Cosine Similarity (2019)

In document-level sentiment classification, each document must be mapped to a fixed length vector. Document embedding models map each document to a dense, lowdimensional vector in continuous vector space. This paper proposes training document embeddings using cosine similarity instead of dot product. Experiments on the IMDB dataset show that accuracy is improved when using cosine similarity compared to using dot product, while using feature combination with Nave Bayes weighted bag of n-grams achieves a competitive accuracy of 93.68% .
<i>The Passion According to G.H.</i> by Clarice Lispector (2005)

Clarice Lispector’s fifth novel, A paixão segundo G.H. (The Passion According to G.H.) came out in Rio de Janeiro in 1964. It was the first book-length narrative she published following her definitive return to Brazil after sixteen years of accompanying her husband on diplomatic postings around the world. During her time abroad, she had continued to write and publish in Brazil, contributing short stories and articles to magazines and newspapers. This served to increase her popularity back home and bring her work to a wider circle of readers than her books alone had managed. In fact, a collection of short stories entitled A Legião Estrangeira (The Foreign Legion) was published the same year as A paixão segundo G.H. and threatened to overshadow the reception of the novel. But this was a short-lived phenomenon: The Passion According to G.H. has since proved to be one of Lispector’s best-loved, bestselling, and best-studied works. This disturbing tale of a woman who kills a cockroach differed from her previous books in the dense, intense voice of its first-person narrator and its episodic and fragmented nature. From the outset, it was well received by the critics, especially in Brazil, with several book-length studies and doctoral theses devoted to it.
Rarefied Gas Dynamics: Experimental Techniques and Physical Systems (1994)

One of three volumes that contain revised versions of technical papers presented at the July 1992 symposium. The present volume contains 56 papers in nine chapters: experimental diagnostics; nonequilibrium flows; collision phenomena; rate processes and material processing; clusters; freejets; shock
Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis/electrospray-mass spectrometry (2001)

In this review, the progress in hyphenation of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) since the article of Banks (Banks, J. F., Electrophoresis 1997, 18, 2255-2266) is reported. In all capillary-based electromigration techniques, such as capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), capillary isotachophoresis (CITP), capillary isoelectric focussing (CIEF), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE), as well as in the hybrid techniques capillary electrochromatography (CEC), and pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) progress has been made in experimental setups, and for many groups of analytes, such as peptides, proteins, nucleotides, saccharides, drugs and their metabolites, CE/ESI-MS has been successfully applied. Electromigration is further miniaturized. New preconcentration methods allow the investigation of compounds, which are not sensitively detected with ESI-MS. Coordination ion spray (CIS) MS is another method for sensitivity enhancement by on-line formation of charged coordination compounds.
Slow light from sharp dispersion by exciting dark photonic angular momentum states (2013)

A photonic angular momentum state (PAMS) with a topological charge of m≠±1 is dipole forbidden at all polarizations of free-space incidence due to the existence of a unique helical phase. We show that by indirectly exciting dark PAMSs through coupling with a bright resonant element, a sharply variant transmission behavior and strong dispersion can be achieved. This behavior can subsequently be utilized in slow light. A metamaterial design, in which a group index n(g) greater than 500 can be achieved, is present.
Access control enforcement delegation for information-centric networking architectures (2012)

Information is the building block of Information Centric Networks (ICNs). Access control policies limit information dissemination to authorized entities only. Defining access control policies in an ICN is a non-trivial task as an information item may exist in multiple copies dispersed in various network locations, including caches and content replication servers. In this paper we propose an access control enforcement delegation scheme which enables the purveyor of an information item to evaluate a request against an access control policy, without having access to the requestor credentials nor to the actual definition of the policy. Such an approach has multiple merits: it enables the interoperability of various stakeholders, it protects user identity and it can set the basis for a privacy preserving mechanism. An implementation of our scheme supports its feasibility.
Importance of scattering and absorption for the outcoupling efficiency in organic light-emitting devices (2006)

The outcoupling of light in organic light-emitting devices is one of the limiting parameters for obtaining a high external efficiency. A simple geometrical model is presented that allows one to estimate the importance of optical parameters such as mirror reflectivity, scattering probability, and device structure. The model allows the derivation of analytical expressions for the outcoupling efficiency in some simplified cases.
The Reduction of Ethylene Platinous Chloride<sup>1</sup> (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reduction of Ethylene Platinous Chloride1Joseph H. Flynn and Hugh M. HulburtCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 13, 3393–3396Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01642a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01642a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Presepsin as a novel sepsis biomarker (2014)

Presepsin has a higher sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of sepsis as a new biomarker, and is a predictor for the prognosis of sepsis. More importantly, preseptin seems to play a crucial role as a supplemental method in the early diagnosis of sepsis. Since there is no multicenter study on the relationship between presepsin and sepsis, further studies on the clinical values of presepsin are needed.
Fichtenverjüngung im Gebirgswald: Erfolgskontrolle in Schlitzen (2003)

In vielen hochmontanen und subalpinen Fichten-Schutzwäldern gibt es zu wenig Verjüngung. Um die Ansamung von Bäumen zu fördern, wurden daher vor allem ab Anfang der Neunzigerjahre zahlreiche schlitzförmige Lücken in die Bestände geschlagen. Diese Schlitze sind etwa 50 Meter lang und 15 bis 20 Meter breit. Eine Erfolgskontrolle im Vorderrheintal zeigt: An den meisten Orten dürften sich genügend Fichten angesamt haben.
Fatty Acids and Their Prostaglandin Derivatives: Inhibitors of Proliferation in Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells (1977)

Prostaglandins are synthesized from eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid and eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid by smooth muscle cell cultures from guinea pig aorta. Production is inhibited by indomethacin. The precursor fatty acids and their prostaglandin derivatives inhibit proliferation of the cell cultures. The relative availability of fatty acids for prostaglandin biosynthesis may represent a control mechanism for cell proliferation.
Heat storage in aquifers: buoyancy flow and thermal-stratification problems (1979)

Heat Storage in aquifers involves injecting warm water into a confined aquifer and recovering the heat later by pumping out the warm water. Heat loss in the aquifers is roughly proportional to the area of the warm storage region which may be increased to unacceptable levels by buoyancy effects. Thermohydraulic problems in heat storage aquifers, methods for predicting the buoyancy flow, and changes in the thermal front within different aquifer types are discussed. Some general observations are made. Results of some analytical solutions are presented. The superposition of forced and natural convection is dealt with. Formulas for the tilting of the thermal front as a function of time are given. These are tested against numerical simulations and applied to laboratory and field experiments. The different results, formulas, and tilting criteria are summarized.
Bio-Inspired Synthesis of Electrode Materials for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries (2011)

Human history has been made through endless challenges, searching for universal truths of nature. Sometimes, nature becomes a crucial barrier that human beings should overcome, however, repeatedly, it inspires us to make progress in science and results in a better life. Nature always provides pointers in developing technologies; emulating nature serves as a very helpful methodology for such development (Bensaude-Vincent et al., 2002). Figure 1 shows some examples of creations that were invented through the emulation of nature. Especially, living organisms are excellent teachers whose metabolism, vital activity, and growth present novel synthetic routes for the formation of organic (or inorganic) biomaterials (Sanchez et al., 2005). The study of on the biomaterials, highly ordered forms of molecules in a biological system with complex nanostructures, has opened up a new era for fabricating nanomaterials through the emulation of biological processes (Dickerson et al., 2008). This chapter briefly introduces the bio-inspired synthetic routes of nanostructured electrode materials for lithium (Li) rechargeable batteries using biomaterials as structural templates. Various biomaterials have been synthesized both naturally, i.e., inside living bodies (in vivo), and intentionally in the laboratory (in vitro), (Sanchez et al., 2005; Dickerson et al., 2008). One can synthesize biomaterials that possess unique nanostructures without much difficulty. By controlling the synthesis conditions, the nanostructure of biomaterials can be varied from a simple 0-D structure to complex 3-D structures (Lv et al., 2008). The unique nanostructures of the biomaterials can be applied to various research fields, including not only bio-applications but also non-bio-applications such as semiconductors, display devices, catalysts, and energy conversion/storage devices, by hybridizing them with various functional materials at the nanoscale (Katz et al., 2004; Su et al., 2008; Li et al., 2009). As the minimizing of a material’s dimension in a certain shape often provides distinctive material properties due to a large surface-to-volume ratio, geometry, and/or quantum effects, This could lead to breakthroughs in overcoming the limitations of conventional bulk materials (Moriarty, 2001). Thus, the hybridization of nanostructured biomaterials with functional materials frequently offers improved material properties under simple nanofabrication principles.
A high incidence of melanoma found in patients with multiple dysplastic naevi by photographic surveillance (1997)

Increasing numbers of DMN are associated with increasing melanoma risk. Surveillance (baseline photography and follow-up) enabled early diagnosis of melanoma and was very much more cost-effective in preventing life-threatening melanoma than prophylactic excision of DMN.
Human myeloma cells shed the interleukin‐6 receptor: inhibition by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐3 and a hydroxamate‐based metalloproteinase inhibitor (1998)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is the major growth factor for human myeloma cells, exerting its effect through the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R). A soluble form of IL-6R (sIL-6R) has been identified, which increases the sensitivity of myeloma cells to IL-6. In patients with multiple myeloma (MM), serum concentrations of sIL-6R are elevated and associated with poor prognosis. The present study was undertaken to determine whether proteolytic cleavage of IL-6R could contribute to sIL-6R release from human myeloma cells, and also to identify the class of proteinase responsible for this event. Human myeloma cell lines were shown to express IL-6R upon their surface and also to release sIL-6R into culture supernatants. In addition, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulated a loss of IL-6R from the cell surface, with a corresponding increase in the concentration of sIL-6R in the supernatant. Inhibitors of serine and cysteine proteinases, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) -1 and TIMP-2, were shown to have no effect on the magnitude of sIL-6R release. In contrast, TIMP-3 and a hydroxamate-based metalloproteinase inhibitor (BB-94), inhibited both constitutive and PMA-induced release of sIL-6R. Myeloma cells freshly isolated from the bone marrow of a patient with MM were also shown to express IL-6R upon their surface, and to shed this receptor in response to PMA. These data demonstrate that increased proteolytic cleavage of IL-6R, mediated by a non-matrix-type metalloproteinase, is likely to contribute to the elevated concentrations of sIL-6R found in the serum of patients with MM. Inhibition of sIL-6R release by hydroxamate-based metalloproteinase inhibitors may represent a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of MM.
Experimental GMPLS fault management for OULSR transport networks (2005)

This paper presents a novel GMPLS-based fault management architecture for OULSR rings tested in the ADRENALINE testbed. Experimental results show an optical protection delay of 45 ms using SNMP-based monitoring and IP/control restoration delays around 2100 ms.
An Analysis of URLs Generated from JavaScript Code (2012)

Search engines use a crawling system to recursively download web pages, analyze HTML pages, and generate a new list of URLs to crawl. As web pages are becoming more dynamic than before, JavaScript is heavily used, which poses a great challenge for the crawling system, because now many URLs are embedded in the JavaScript code and are invisible to the crawler. Worse, there is no study on the usage patterns of these URLs and the impact of JavaScript-generated URLs is unknown. We propose a browser emulation method to study the usage of URLs from JavaScript code. In order to find these URLs, we instrument a browser core to output all URLs inside a web page, including those generated from JavaScript. Then we classify these URLs into a number of types and study reasons that web developers put them in JavaScript. We analyze top Internet sites and popular web pages. The results show that more than half of them contain URLs generated from JavaScript, which accounts for about 6-19% of total URLs. Among them, 26-41% refer to potential important contents that should be indexed by search engine crawlers, and advertising URLs are about 26-35%.
The Existence of Conjugate Points for Selfadjoint Differential Equations of Even Order (1976)

This paper presents sufficient conditions on the coefficents of h»y -22=o (-l)"~k(.Pkyia~k)fn~k) wnich insu« that L^y = 0 has conjugate points Tj(a) for all a > 0. The main theorem implies that (-l)"/2"' + py = 0 has conjugate points tj(<j) for all a > 0 when/00 xap(x)dx = -oo for some a < 2/i -1 with no sign restrictions on p(x).
Integration of Digital Stabilizer With Video Codec for Digital Video Cameras (2007)

This paper presents three novel schemes for integrating digital stabilizer with video codec of a digital video camera, each designed for a different application scenario. Scheme 1 confines the global motion estimation (ME) to within a small background region determined by clustering the motion vectors (MVs) generated by the video encoder. Scheme 2 performs the main ME task at the digital stabilizer and sends the resulting motion vectors to the video encoder, where the motion vectors are further refined to subpixel accuracy. Scheme 3, which is applied on the decoder side, acquires the motion information directly from the video decoder to perform digital stabilization. These integration schemes achieve computational efficiency without affecting the performance of video coding and digital stabilization.
Endpoint accuracy in saccades interrupted by stimulation in the omnipause region in monkey (1996)

Electrical stimulation of the omnipause neuron region (OPN) at saccade onset results in interrupted saccades (IS)- eye movements which pause in midflight, resume after a brief period, and end near the target location. Details on the endpoint accuracy of IS do not exist, except for a brief report by Becker et al. (1981). Their analysis emphasized the accuracy of IS relative to the visual target which remained on during the interrupted period. We instead quantified the metric properties of IS relative to nonstimulated saccades during a target flash paradigm. Our results show that IS tend to be slightly hypermetric relative to the nonstimulated saccades to the same target location. The amount of overshoot is not correlated with target eccentricity. Detailed analyses also indicate that the standard deviations of the endpoint in IS are not significantly larger than those for nonstimulated saccades, although there was a much larger variability produced in eye position during the interruption. Both these latter observations support the notion that saccades are controlled by an internal negative feedback system. Also, the size of the remaining motor error during the interrupted period is one factor influencing when an IS resumes, but the variability in this measure is large particularly for smaller motor errors. Recent results have suggested that the resettable neural integrator involved in the feedback loop may be reset after each saccade through an exponential decay process. To probe the properties of the neural integrator, we varied the duration of interruption between the initial and resumed saccades and sought a systematic overshoot in the final eye position with increasing interruption period and variable initial saccade size. Our results showed the neural integrator does not decay during the pause period of interrupted saccades.