gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sulfamerazine and Exercise on Life Span of Rats and Hamsters (1978)

Rats and hamsters of both sexes were divided into exercise and non-exercise groups with and without small amounts of sulfamerazine in the diet. In every case rats on exercise lived longer than their controls. The females outlived the males while hamster males lived slightly longer than females. Sulfamerazine had a significantly beneficial effect on life span of rats and apparently increased that of male hamsters. All rats fed sulfamerazine attained higher maximum weights than their controls. There was no consistent change in bone densities.
Dual-polarization slot-coupled printed antennas fed by stripline (1995)

This article presents recent techniques in the field of dual-polarization printed antennas for designing shielded radiating structures with high-quality performances in terms of cross-polarization level and input-port isolation. The use of gridded patches provides a natural solution to filtering surface currents and is of key importance in limiting inter-element coupling in arrays. Experimental results obtained on various designs are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Self-collimating phenomena in photonic crystals (1999)

We found that self-determining collimated light is generated in a photonic crystal fabricated on silicon. The divergence of the collimated beam is insensitive to that of the incident beam and much smaller than the divergence that would be generated in conventional Gaussian optics. The incident-angle dependence of the self-collimated light propagation including lens-like divergent propagation was interpreted in terms of the highly modulated dispersion surfaces with inflection points, where the curvature changes from downward to upward corresponding to respectively a concave/convex-lens case. This demonstration is an important step towards controlling beam profile in photonic crystal integrated light circuits and towards developing “photonic crystalline optics.”
Beta-thalassemia due to two novel nucleotide substitutions in consensus acceptor splice sequences of the beta-globin gene (1989)

We have identified two novel RNA-splicing mutations affecting a critical nucleotide (nt) in the acceptor consensus sequences at both the IVS-1/exon 2 and IVS-2/exon 3 junctions of the human beta-globin gene. Both mutations are single nt substitutions, T to G and C to A, at position -3 adjacent to the invariant AG dinucleotide. For the IVS-2/exon 3 mutation abnormal splicing into the cryptic splice site at IVS-2 nt 579 is documented. Identification of these two mutations provides further support for the importance of the location of specific nucleotides within the consensus sequences in splice site selection and RNA processing.
Orientational disorder in amorphous silicon probed by XANES (X-ray Absorption near Edge Structure) (1988)

The difference between the K-edges XANES (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure) spectra of crystal and amorphous silicon is discussed. We show that the multiple scattering signal gives a large contribution to the total absorption in crystalline silicon in an energy range of about 70eV. The double scattering term probing the triplet distribution function gives the major contribution to the XANES. We show that the difference between the crystalline and amorphous absorption spectra is due mainly to the crystalline multiple scattering signal which is quenched in the amorphous spectrum. The suppression of the signal due to the triplet distribution function in the amorphous silicon is assigned to the large orientational disorder.
Cells, cancer, and rare events: homeostatic metastability in stochastic non-linear dynamics models of skin cell proliferation (2009)

A recently proposed single progenitor cell model for skin cell proliferation [Clayton et al., Nature v446, 185 (2007)] is extended to incorporate homeostasis as a fixed point of the dynamics. Unlimited cell proliferation in such a model can be viewed as a paradigm for the onset of cancer. A novel way in which this can arise is if the homeostatic fixed point becomes metastable, so that the cell populations can escape from the homeostatic basin of attraction by a large but rare stochastic fluctuation. Such an event can be viewed as the final step in a multi-stage model of carcinogenesis. This offers a possible explanation for the peculiar epidemiology of lung cancer in ex-smokers.
Type Ia supernova rate at $z \sim 0.1$ (2000)

We present the EROS nearby supernova ($z \sim 0.02 - 0.2$) search and the analysis of the first year of data (1997). A total of 80 square degrees were surveyed. Eight supernovæ were detected, four of which were spectroscopically identified as type Ia supernovæ. The search efficiency was determined with a Monte-Carlo simulation taking into account the efficiencies for both supernova detection and host galaxy identification. Assuming that for a given galaxy the supernova rate is proportional to the galactic luminosity, we compute a type Ia supernova explosion rate of: ${\cal R} = 0.44 {}_{-0.21}^{+0.35} {}_{-0.07}^{+0.13} h^2: / 10^{10} \lbsun / 100 {\rm yrs}$ at an average redshift of $\sim 0.1$ where the errors are respectively statistical and systematic (type misidentification included).
Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) from Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis Patients (PAP) Processes BAL MCP‐3. (2008)

PAP is an anti‐GM‐CSF autoimmune lung disease. PAP BAL cells express increased levels of active MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 protein and mRNA relative to healthy controls (HC). Further, inhibitors of MMPs including TIMP‐1, TIMP‐2, TIMP‐3 or β2 macroglobulin were not elevated, suggesting lack of MMP deactivation. MMPs can proteolytically process chemokines such as MCP‐3, converting receptor agonists to antagonists. MCP‐3 is elevated in PAP BAL fluid (2.0±0.5 ng/ml, n=22, p<0.001) but there is a lack of robust recruitment. We hypothesize that PAP BAL MMPs contribute to processing of MCP‐3. PAP and HC BAL fluid were evaluated for chemotactic activity using the THP‐1 cells. PAP BAL fluid was chemotactic (1.3±0.2×10 4 /ml, n=4) relative to HC (0.5±.04×10 4 n=4, p=0.03) which could be partially reversed by anti‐MCP‐3. PAP BAL fluid spiked with MCP‐3 (10ng/ml) had no additional chemotactic effect on the THP‐1 cells. MCP‐3‐spiked HC BAL had 4 fold greater chemotactic capacity (n=3, p=0.003). To determine if the MMPs in the PAP BAL fluid had the capacity to process MCP‐3 chemotaxis experiments were done in the presence of a MMP pan‐inhibitor. MCP‐3 spiked PAP BAL with the MMP inhibitor increased THP‐1 chemotaxis by 65% (n=4, p=0.04) relative to the PAP BAL fluid alone. PAP and control BAL fluid were evaluated using tandom mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra for a protein product consistent with the mass‐to‐charge predicted 780.7 MMP processed MCP‐3 peptide product. PAP BAL fluid contained a 780.7 peak consistent with the predicted size of truncated MCP‐3. These studies suggest that elevated MMPs in the lungs contribute to the processing of chemokines such as MCP‐3. This work was funded by NIH: AI:055840.
Receptor for advanced glycation end products is associated with systemic and organ-specific severity of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (2010)

Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is an acute phase inflammatory mediator primarily expressed by alveolar type I cells in the lung. The association between circulating RAGE and severity of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) has been recently suggested by both experimental and human studies. The purpose of our study is to study the significance of plasma RAGE levels over time and of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf ) RAGE in ALI/ARDS patients.
The Effects of Metergoline and Other Serotonin Receptor Antagonists on Serum Corticosterone in Rats (1979)

Metergoline antagonized the elevation of serum corticosterone by quipazine in rats. The ED50 of metergoline was less than 0.1 mg/kg, ip, and the effects of a 3 mg/kg dose persisted for more than 24 h. Metergoline did not antagonize the elevation of serum corticosterone by theophylline or ketamine (i.e. did not prevent corticosterone release nonspecifically) and did not affect the concentration of quipazine in the brain. Since quipazine is a serotonin receptor agonist, the antagonistic effects of metergoline may have been due to competition with quipazine at serotonin receptor sites in the brain. Some other agents capable of blocking serotonin receptors also antagonzied the elevation of serum corticosterone by quipazine. These included LY53857, which gave complete blockade at 3 mg/kg, and cyproheptadine and spiperone, which gave significant but incomplete antagonism at 1 mg/kg. Methysergide at 3 mg/kg did not alter the effect of quipazine. Metergoline did not antagonize the elevation of serum corticosterone by other agents throught to act via serotoninergic mechanisms, namely fluoxetine, fenfluramine, L-5-hydroxytryptophan, N,N-demthyl-5-methoxytryptamine, and 1-(m-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine. Thus, the interactions between metergoline and quipazine may have occurred at receptors that are not serotonin receptors or that represent a subset of serotonin receptors not mediating the actions of serotoninergic agents other than quipazine.
Retinocortical Gain in the Foveal Pathway: The Effect of Spatial Frequency and Stimulus Size (2001)

The amplitude and the phase of the simultaneously recorded steady-state pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) were evaluated in humans as a function of the vertical diameter (D) of unidimensional Gabor stimuli. In the other dimension, parallel to the horizontal gratings, the patterns all had constant diameter (see Methods and Materials). Spatial frequencies (SFs) of 1 cycle per degree (cpd) and 5.3 cpd were counterphase modulated at a rate of 6.8 Hz. After off-line artifact rejection, the response was subject to Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT). Amplitude and phase of the first and second harmonics of both ERG and VEP were displayed for each SF and stimulus diameter. Both ERG and VEP amplitude were found to increase as a function of D. Using trend analysis we found that ERG amplitude increased linearly as a function of D. VEP amplitude was found to be both linear and cubic, as a function of D. We calculated the ratio of VEP amplitude and ERG amplitude at each D and termed it retinocortical gain (G). G normalized to stimulus area was high for small D and decreased with D independently of SF. Unity gain occurred at stimulus sizes of 6 degrees to 7 degrees. ERG phase was found to be more negative at 5.3 cpd than at 1 cpd. Although no significant difference was found between VEP phases at the two SFs tested, neither ERG nor VEP phase changed as a function of D. The results suggest that retinocortical gain is highest for the foveally centered low spatial frequency small patch Gabors. The results provide support for the notion of the "foveal window" in human vision.
Complex dielectric relaxation in supercooling and superpressing liquid-crystalline chiral isopentylcyanobiphenyl (2003)

Results of broadband dielectric studies in glass-forming liquid crystalline chiral isopentylcyanobiphenyl (5(*)CB) are presented. Tests conducted as a function of temperature and pressure revealed the coexistence of glassy and critical properties. The latter are associated with the isotropic-cholesteric phase transition at T(I-Ch) approximately 250 K under atmospheric pressure. Dielectric loss curves in the isotropic liquid and in the cholesteric phase are clearly broadened on cooling and pressuring towards the glass transition. Although in the isotropic phase there is a single stretched loss curve, in the mesophase an additional relaxation process can be distinguished. The evolution of relaxation times is non-Arrhenius and can be portrayed by the Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman relation or its pressure counterpart. The glassy dynamics coexists with the critical-like behavior for the static dielectric permittivity and for the maxima of the dielectric loss curves. Their temperature and pressure dependences are associated with the critical exponent phi=1-alpha approximately 1/2, where alpha approximately 1/2 is the specific heat critical exponent. This behavior is associated with the continuous phase transition placed at DeltaT approximately 1.5 K below the clearing temperature for P=0.1 MPa. It has been found that 5(*)CB shows a unique pressure-temperature phase diagram. Pressure and temperature changes which begin in the isotropic liquid below at ca. T approximately 265 K always result in the transition to the cholesteric phase which can be supercooled or superpressed. For T>265 K the phase transition to another phase, presumably a solid one, always occurs. However, a cholesteric-solid phase border seems to exist only in isothermal pressure tests. It does not appear in the temperature studies.
Teaching students to develop thread-safe java classes (2008)

Concurrent programming was once the preserve of experts writing systems internals; but recently the growing importance of application servers, and the excellent support in Java and C# for thread handling, has brought threads and locking as topics that every software developer might experience, and therefore every computer science graduate ought to know. In this paper we report on several years of experience teaching this material in the early years of the curriculum. We focus on one aspect of multi-threaded code, namely how to write sensible thread-safe classes. We identify the learning outcomes we aim to deliver, and we discuss the main pedagogic difficulties students find. We present some examples that can help students avoid common erroneous views.
CO <sub>2</sub> or SO <sub>2</sub> : Should It Stay, or Should It Go? (2019)

A broad computational analysis of carbon-centered radical formation via the loss of either CO<sub>2</sub> or SO<sub>2</sub> from the respective RXO<sub>2</sub> radical precursors (X = C or S) reveals dramatic differences between these two types of dissociative processes. Whereas the C-C scission with the loss of CO<sub>2</sub> is usually exothermic, the C-S scission with the loss of SO<sub>2</sub> is generally endothermic. However, two factors can make the C-S scissions thermodynamically favorable: increased entropy, characteristic for the dissociative processes, and stereoelectronic influences of substituents. The threshold between endergonic and exergonic C-S fragmentations depends on subtle structural effects. In particular, the degree of fluorination in a radical precursor has a notable impact on the reaction outcome. This study aims to demystify the intricacies in reactivity regarding the generation of radicals from sulfinates and carboxylates, as related to their role in radical cross-coupling.
Unimolecular Decomposition of Chemically Activated <i>sec</i>-Deuterobutyl Radicals from D Atoms plus <i>cis</i>-Burene-2 (1960)

Chemically activated sec-deuterobutyl radicals were produced at 25°C by the reaction of D atoms with cis-butene-2. These vibrationally excited species contain an increment of energy above that of the corresponding light radicals as formed from H plus cis-butene-2 in a previous study [B. S. Rabinovitch and R. W. Diesen, J. Chem. Phys. 30, 735 (1959)]. Apparent rate constants for the unimolecular decomposition to propylene of the deuterobutyl radicals were obtained as a function of pressure, relative to the collision induced stabilization process. Theoretical values for the rate constants at the limits of high and low pressures were calculated using a direct count for the density of vibrational energy levels. The calculated and experimental results are compared with one another, and with the results of the previous study of the sec-butyl radical decomposition. The expected energy effect is observed; the deuterobutyl radicals appear slightly more monoenergetic than the equivalent nondeuterated species.
3D-nanoarchitectured Pd/Ni catalysts prepared by atomic layer deposition for the electrooxidation of formic acid (2014)

Three-dimensionally (3D) nanoarchitectured palladium/nickel (Pd/Ni) catalysts, which were prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on high-aspect-ratio nanoporous alumina templates are investigated with regard to the electrooxidation of formic acid in an acidic medium (0.5 M H2SO4). Both deposition processes, Ni and Pd, with various mass content ratios have been continuously monitored by using a quartz crystal microbalance. The morphology of the Pd/Ni systems has been studied by electron microscopy and shows a homogeneous deposition of granularly structured Pd onto the Ni substrate. X-ray diffraction analysis performed on Ni and NiO substrates revealed an amorphous structure, while the Pd coating crystallized into a fcc lattice with a preferential orientation along the [220]-direction. Surface chemistry analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed both metallic and oxide contributions for the Ni and Pd deposits. Cyclic voltammetry of the Pd/Ni nanocatalysts revealed that the electrooxidation of HCOOH proceeds through the direct dehydrogenation mechanism with the formation of active intermediates. High catalytic activities are measured for low masses of Pd coatings that were generated by a low number of ALD cycles, probably because of the cluster size effect, electronic interactions between Pd and Ni, or diffusion effects.
The Effects on Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor Properties of Nitrogen Implantation into p<sup>+</sup> Polysilicon Gate (1997)

We have studied in detail the effects of nitrogen implantation into a p + polysilicon gate on gate oxide properties for the surface p-channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) below 0.25 µm. The nitrided oxide film can be easily formed by the pile-up of nitrogen into the gate oxide film from the polysilicon gate. It was found that boron penetration through the gate oxide film can be effectively suppressed by nitrogen implantation into a p + polysilicon gate because nitrogen in the polysilicon film can suppress boron diffusion, and the nitrided oxide film can also act as a barrier to boron diffusion. Moreover the hot-carrier hardness can be remarkably improved by the nitrided oxide film since interface state generation can be suppressed by the nitrided oxide film. Furthermore the number of electron traps in the gate oxide film can also be reduced by nitrogen implantation.
Evaluating Microcomputer Programs (1984)

Much interest is being expressed in schools across the nation about the use of microcomputers to improve the delivery of special and regular education services. With this interest has come the need to evaluate educational programs utilizing microcomputers so that decisions about program improvement and expansion can be made. This paper discusses the evaluation of special education programs that incorporate microcomputers as a major instructional tool.
Associations between a Pyrene-Labeled Hydrophobically Modified Alkali Swellable Emulsion Copolymer and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Probed by Fluorescence, Surface Tension, and Viscometry (2006)

A hydrophobically modified alkali swellable emulsion copolymer labeled with pyrene (Py-HASE) was studied by fluorescence, surface tensiometry, and viscometry at concentrations ranging from 0.01 g/L (lower than the overlap concentration, C* = 2.4 g/L) to 10 g/L (above C*) in the presence of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The results obtained by the three techniques lead to the conclusion that binding of SDS onto Py-HASE proceeds in four different stages which are separated by three SDS transition concentrations. The values of the SDS transition concentrations are little affected by the Py-HASE concentration at low Py-HASE concentration but are shifted to higher SDS concentrations at high Py-HASE concentration. The average number of pyrenes per mixed micelle could be determined from the analysis of the fluorescence decays which established a maximum average capacity of pyrenes per mixed micelle of 2.4 ± 0.5 independent of the polymer concentration. For a Py-HASE concentration of 6.0 g/L, the average number of pyrenes per mixed micelle was found to take the optimal value of 2.0 at the SDS concentration where the solution viscosity peaked. This study constitutes the first example where fluorescence experiments are being used to rationalize the spike in viscosity exhibited by an associative thickener solution upon addition of a surfactant.
Neuropsychological dysfunction in bipolar affective disorder: a critical opinion (2005)

Data from the imaging literature have led to suggestions that permanent structural brain changes may be associated with bipolar disorder. Individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder display deficits on a range of neuropsychological tasks in both the acute and euthymic phases of illness, and correlations between experienced number of affective episodes and task performance are commonly reported. These findings have renewed interest in the neuropsychological profile of individuals with bipolar disorder, with deficits of attention, learning and memory, and executive function, asserted to be present. This paper critically reviews five different potential causes of neurocognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder: (i) iatrogenic, (ii) acute functional changes associated with depression or mania, (iii) permanent structural lesions of a neurodegenerative origin, (iv) permanent structural lesions that are neurodevelopmental in origin, and (v) permanent functional changes that are most likely genetic in origin. Although the potential cognitive effects of residual symptomatology and long-term medication use cannot be entirely excluded, we conclude that functional changes associated with genetically driven population variation in critical neural networks underpin both the neurocognitive and affective symptoms of bipolar disorder. The philosophical implications of this conclusion for neuropsychology are briefly discussed.
Enhancement Of Features In Galaxy Images (1986)

I describe and compare several image enhancement techniques, useful for morphological analysis of galaxian (or cometary) images. Such techniques can be used to search for, and investigate the properties of dust lanes, stellar disks or rings, jets, shells, tidal distortions, etc. Applications of the techniques are illustrated on CCD images of the peculiar galaxy Arp 230; this object has a rich morphology, indicative of a merger of two disk galaxies.