gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical differences between segmental nevus depigmentosus and segmental vitiligo (2019)

Segmental nevus depigmentosus and segmental vitiligo can be difficult to differentiate from each other. Differential diagnosis of these two diseases is important because they have significantly different prognoses and psychological effects. The purpose of this study is to identify clinical clues that may be helpful in differentiating these two diseases. We enrolled 63 patients with segmental nevus depigmentosus and 149 patients with segmental vitiligo. Sex, age of onset, sites involved, dermatomal distribution, margin of lesion and presence of poliosis were evaluated in both groups. The age of onset was less than 10 years in 96.8% of segmental nevus depigmentosus and 28.9% of segmental vitiligo cases. Trunk (36.5%) and cervical (38.1%) dermatomes were the most commonly involved in segmental nevus depigmentosus and face (67.1%) and trigeminal (64.4%) dermatomes in segmental vitiligo. The average number of dermatomes involved in truncal lesions was different in segmental nevus depigmentosus and segmental vitiligo (2.71 vs 1.62, P = 0.001). Segmental vitiligo on the face, neck and trunk appeared closer to the axis than segmental nevus depigmentosus (P < 0.001). Segmental nevus depigmentosus and segmental vitiligo showed significantly different margins (90.5% and 41.6% serrated, respectively; P < 0.001). We observed clinical differences between patients with segmental nevus depigmentosus and those with segmental vitiligo. Distribution (site, distance to axis, dermatome), vertical width, margin of lesion and presence of poliosis can be helpful in differentiating segmental nevus depigmentosus and segmental vitiligo.
<title>Oxygen-dependent hologram writing and fixing in conjugated polymer storage media</title> (1999)

Hologram writing and fixing mechanisms are examined in disordered conjugated polymer/glass composites. The conjugated polymers used were alkoxy substituted poly(phenylenevinylne) analogs and the glass matrices were zirconia-organosilica xerogels. Hologram formation mechanism is shown to be a photochromic process consisting of light induced photo- oxidation (bleaching) of the embedded conjugated polymer resulting in the formation of an absorption grating and a phase grating. IR and Raman spectroscopy show that the chemical transformations upon photo-bleaching involve chain scission and oxidation of the polymer at the vinylic position of the conjugated polymer. Oxygen removal increases hologram formation time by more than an order of magnitude and halves the total hologram efficiency. The oxygen dependence was also highly correlated with photo-bleaching of the samples and beam interaction of the writing beams. Light sensitivity was compared for several polymer/glass composites showing that the new composites and film preparation techniques are promising for blue and ultraviolet sensitive holographic materials. A hologram fixing method based on a PMMA coating, applied on the film after hologram formation is demonstrated and shown to increase hologram erasure times by four. These important findings show that conjugated polymer/glass composites based storage media can be manufactured and fixed efficiently for a long term based on this method.
Erythema ab igne successfully treated with low fluenced 1,064-nm Q-switched Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser (2013)

Sir,Erythema ab igne (EAI) is a persistent reticular macular dermatosis caused by repeated and prolonged subthreshold thermal exposure. It begins as mottling caused by local hemostasis and becomes ...
Alpine: a user-level infrastructure for network protocol development (2001)

In traditional operating systems, modifying the network protocol code is a tedious and error-prone task, largely because the networking stack resides in the kernel. For this reason, among others, many have proposed moving the networking stack to user-level. Unfortunately, implementations of this design have never entered widespread use due to the impractical requirements they place on the user: either the kernel or applications must be modified; or code cannot be moved seamlessly between the user-level and kernel stacks. In this paper, we present Alpine, a user-level networking infrastructure free from these drawbacks. Alpine supports a FreeBSD networking stack on top of a Unix operating system. It is freely available as source code. In this paper, we discuss the challenges we faced in virtualizing the FreeBSD networking stack without compromising on kernel, networking stack, and application compatibility. We then show how Alpine is effective at easing the burden of debugging and testing protocol modifications or new network protocols. In our experience, Alpine can reduce the overhead of modifying a protocol from hours to minutes. 1
Guidance and Relative Navigation for Autonomous Rendezvous in a Circular Orbit (2002)

Algorithmsforautonomousguidanceofspacecraftto approach,toe yaround,andtodepartfroma targetvehicle ina circularorbitarepresented. Thealgorithmsarebasedon theclosed-form solution of linearClohessy ‐Wiltshire equations. The approach and departure algorithms are adaptations of the glideslope guidance used in the past for rendezvous and proximity operations of the space shuttle with other vehicles with astronauts in the guidance loop. The multipulse glideslope algorithms are general, capable of effecting a translation motion of spacecraft in any direction in space autonomously, decelerating while approaching a target or a nearby location, and accelerating while receding. The e yaround algorithm enables the spacecraft to circumnavigate a target spacecraft in any plane, the orbit plane and the local horizontal plane being two special cases thereof. The circumnavigation is performed in a specie ed period using a specie ed number of pulses; the larger the number of pulses, the smaller the deviation of e yaround from the specie ed radius of circumnavigation. The implementation of these algorithms requires estimates of position and velocity of the spacecraft relative to the target. This relative navigation is performed with an extended Kalman e lter using range and angle measurements of the target relative to the spacecraft focal plane and the spacecraft attitude estimates from an inertial navigation system. The corresponding measurement models and process noise matrix are provided. Several scenarios are simulated to illustrate the guidance algorithms and relative navigation.
CALCULATION OF DRAG CHARACTERISTICS FOR FLOATING VEHICLES (1995)

The unique methodology used by the authors during the calculation of drag characteristics for full sized floating vehicles is presented in the paper. Tracked Armoured Personnel Carriers (APC) used in the army which are adapted to crossing rivers or lakes were used in the tests. The drag characteristics of these untypical floating objects were calculated by towing them by a vehicle moving on the riverside. The construction of the test stand used by the authors and the equipment used for the measurements is described. The exemplary course of the towing force and the speed registered during the test and static processing principles of the test results are presented. The drag characteristics of a tracked APC calculated during the test is given. The authors discuss the change of characteristics in the calculation method for tracked vehicles. This change lies in the towing of the vehicle in which the speed of the track motion is the same as the towing speed.
Anomalous Origin of the Left Common Carotid Artery from the Main Pulmonary Artery: A Rare Association in an Infant with CHARGE Syndrome (2016)

<i>Case Report</i>. Isolated carotid artery originating from the pulmonary trunk is an exceedingly rare anomalous origin of head and neck vessels. We present this finding, along with a persistent embryonic trigeminal artery, in a male infant with multiple cardiac defects and other congenital anomalies associated with CHARGE syndrome. After extensive investigations, cardiac catheterization revealed the anomalous left common carotid artery arising from the cranial aspect of the main pulmonary artery. There was retrograde flow in this vessel, resulting from the lower pulmonary pressure, essentially stealing arterial supply from the left anterior cerebral circulation. The persistent left-sided trigeminal artery provided collateral flow from the posterior circulation to the left internal carotid artery territory, allowing for safe ligation of the anomalous origin of the left common carotid artery, thereby reversing the steal of arterial blood flow into the pulmonary circulation and resulting in a net improvement of cerebral perfusion. <i>Conclusion</i>. The possibility of this vascular anomaly should be considered in all infants with CHARGE syndrome. Surgical repair or ligation should be tailored to the specific patient circumstances, following a careful delineation of all sources of cerebral perfusion.
ICP Etching of 4H-SiC Substrates (2013)

Due to its inert chemical nature, plasma etching is the most effective technique to pattern SiC. In this paper, dry etching of 4H-SiC substrate in Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) has been studied in order to evaluate the impact of process parameters on the characteristics of etching such as etch rate and trenching effect. Key process parameters such as platen power and ICP coil power prove to be essential to control the SiC etch rate. On the other hand, the ICP coil power and the working pressure mainly master the trenching effect. Our results enlighten that high etch rate with minimal trenching effect can be obtained using high ICP coil power and low working pressure.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Novel Hoogsteen-Like Bases That Recognize the T-A Base Pair by DNA Triplex Formation (1996)

Abstract Effective sequence-specific recognition of duplex DNA is possible by triplex formation with natural oligonucleotides via Hoogsteen H-bonding. However, triplex formation is in practice limited to pyrimidine oligonucleotides binding duplex A-T or G-C base pair DNA sequences specifically at homopurine sites in the major groove as T·A-T and C+ ·G-C triplets. Here we report the successful molecular dynamics modelling of novel unnatural nucleosides that recognize the T-A DNA base pair by Hoogsteen interaction. These X·T-A triplets were placed within (T·A-T)11 triplexes of A-type or B-type starting configuration. These triplex structures underwent energy minimization and 300 ps molecular dynamics simulation with counter-ions and solvent. The same procedures were applied to unmodified (T·A-T)11 triplexes and their trajectories compared to those of the central triplet modified triplexes of similar starting configuration. The phosphodiester backbone dihedrals, χ-dihedrals, and H-bonding distances of the central and adjacent triplets of the modified and unmodified triplexes show similar average values and deviations from starting configurations. This indicates that these X·T-A triplets do not induce any significant perturbations for the duration of the simulation.
Biokatalytische Konversion heimischer Pflanzenöle zu Biotensiden (1996)

Die in heimischen Pflanzenölen überwiegend vorkommenden, ungesättigten C18- und/oder C22-Fettsäuren wurden als Kohlenstoffquelle zur mikrobiellen de novo Synthese von Sophoroselipiden und als hydrophobe Substratkomponenten in der Biotransformation mittels Glycosidasen und Lipasen eingesetzt. Mit der Hefe Candida bombicola konnten in einer 10-L-Batch-Kultivierung bis zu 25 g/l Sophoroselipid, die eine C18:1 Fettsäure als Lipidanteil enthielt, produziert werden. Die Glycolipidsynthese von aus Ölsäure mittels chemischer Oxidation hergestellter 9,10-Dihydroxystearinsäure und Monosacchariden unter Verwendung von Glycosidasen brachte keine positiven Ergebnisse. Es konnte jedoch mit 12-Hydroxylaurinsäure als Lipidkomponente eine Umsetzung mittels ş-Glucosidase (Bäckerhefe), β-Glucosidase (Süßmandel) und β-Galactosidase (Aspergillus oryzae) zum gewünschten Monosaccharidlipid erreicht werden. Mit immobilisierter Lipase, LipozymeTM wurde die Monoacylierung von Sorbose sowohl mit Öl- als auch Linol- und Linolensäure in Hexan bei 60 °C realisiert.
Control strategy and Optimisation of paralleling DC-DC converters with supercapacitors and batteries for peak power in Hybrid Vehicle Applications (2008)

International audience
The effect of daunomycin on human cells in vivo and in vitro (1969)

Cytogenetic and morphologic abnormalities in bone marrow and peripheral blood and biochemical changes in peripheral blood leukocytes were studied after in-vivo and in-vitro treatment with daunomycin. Seven patients with acute lymphocytic or granulocytic leukemia were studied; the total dose varied from 80 to 420 mg/m2. The highest percentage of major chromosomal aberrations (80 to 90%) appeared right after treatment in vivo. These aberrations disappeared within 1 or 2 weeks and consisted of chromatid breaks, fragments, chromatid exchanges, ring chromosomes, dicentrics or extensive fragments. Prominent morphologic abnormalities included megaloblastic transformation of both the myeloid and erythroid series and increased cytoplasmic vacuolization. Aneuploid cells lines from two patients showed less change after daunomycin treatment than did normal diploid cells. The daunomycin dose threshold in vitro was narrow: 3 μg/ml of culture caused death of the entire cell population, while 0.03 μg/ml of culture produced little chromosomal damage. The in-vitro studies on normal human lymphocytes indicate that daunomycin affects RNA and DNA synthesis and that it interferes with the cell cycle during the G2 period. This drug appears to have the unique capacity to delay the onset of mitosis in cells which have already synthesized DNA.
Electron irradiation effect on thermal donors in CZ-Si (2004)

Electrical properties of the shallow thermal donors (TDs) in n-type CZ-Si diodes by the electron irradiation were investigated. After the electron irradiation, carrier concentration was decreased. From deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements, some peaks related to TDs and vacancy-oxygen complexes were observed for the irradiated samples. The peak related to V-O and/or A-center at EC-0.18 eV increased with the electron fluence. To compare that, the level of EC-0.09 eV related to TDs was independent of electron fluence. In addition to that, reverse current of the diodes was increased with increasing irradiated electron fluence.
The fungus does not transfer carbon to or between roots in an arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (2004)

• Carbon transfer from fungus to plant in the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis has been reported, but its significance and even its existence have been called into question and the issue remains controversial. We investigated carbon movement from fungus to plant and from one mycorrhizal root system to another via a common AM fungal network in monoxenic cultures to avoid limitations of some previous studies. • <sup>13</sup> C and <sup>14</sup> C labeled substrates were supplied to functioning in vitro AM mycorrhizas between Ri T-DNA transformed carrot (Daucus carota) roots and Glomus intraradices to follow carbon movement into and between host and fungal metabolite pools. • Fungal triacylglycerol and trehalose were labeled when permeant substrates were supplied to the extraradical mycelium (ERM), but host-specific compounds in the roots did not become labeled. When labeled glucose was provided to a donor root system, label moved to recipient roots via a common AM fungal network but remained in fungal compounds. • We conclude that carbon flow in the AM symbiosis is normally unidirectional from plant to fungus and that while carbon is translocated by the fungus from one metabolically active root system to another, it remains within the intraradical mycelium (IRM).
Development and Interlaboratory Validation of a Simple Screening Method for Genetically Modified Maize Using a ΔΔ<i>C</i><sub>q</sub>-Based Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay (2016)

A number of genetically modified (GM) maize events have been developed and approved worldwide for commercial cultivation. A screening method is needed to monitor GM maize approved for commercialization in countries that mandate the labeling of foods containing a specified threshold level of GM crops. In Japan, a screening method has been implemented to monitor approved GM maize since 2001. However, the screening method currently used in Japan is time-consuming and requires generation of a calibration curve and experimental conversion factor (C(f)) value. We developed a simple screening method that avoids the need for a calibration curve and C(f) value. In this method, ΔC(q) values between the target sequences and the endogenous gene are calculated using multiplex real-time PCR, and the ΔΔC(q) value between the analytical and control samples is used as the criterion for determining analytical samples in which the GM organism content is below the threshold level for labeling of GM crops. An interlaboratory study indicated that the method is applicable independently with at least two models of PCR instruments used in this study.
Adaptation of the concept hierarchy model with search logs for query recommendation on intranets (2012)

A concept hierarchy created from a document collection can be used for query recommendation on Intranets by ranking terms according to the strength of their links to the query within the hierarchy. A major limitation is that this model produces the same recommendations for identical queries and rebuilding it from scratch periodically can be extremely inefficient due to the high computational costs. We propose to adapt the model by incorporating query refinements from search logs. Our intuition is that the concept hierarchy built from the collection and the search logs provide complementary conceptual views on the same search domain, and their integration should continually improve the effectiveness of recommended terms. Two adaptation approaches using query logs with and without click information are compared. We evaluate the concept hierarchy models (static and adapted versions) built from the Intranet collections of two academic institutions and compare them with a state-of-the-art log-based query recommender, the Query Flow Graph, built from the same logs. Our adaptive model significantly outperforms its static version and the query flow graph when tested over a period of time on data (documents and search logs) from two institutions' Intranets.
Isolation and partial characterization of infectious molecular clones of feline immunodeficiency virus obtained directly from bone marrow DNA of a naturally infected cat (1992)

Replication-competent molecular clones of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) were isolated directly from the DNA of bone marrow cells of a naturally FIV-infected cat. After transfection in a feline kidney cell line (CrFK) and subsequent cocultivation with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), the viral progeny of the clones was infectious for PBMC but not for CrFK cells. PBMC infected with these clones showed syncytium formation, a decrease in cell viability, and gradual loss of CD4+ cells. The restriction maps of these clones differed from those obtained for previously described molecular clones of FIV derived from cats in the United States. The predicted amino acid sequence similarity of the envelope genes of the two clones was 99.3%, whereas the similarities of the sequences of the clones to those of two molecular clones from the United States, Petaluma and PPR, were 86 and 88%, respectively. Most of the differences between the amino acid sequences of the two clones and those of the clones from the United States were found in five different hypervariable (HV) regions, HV-1 through HV-5. The viral progeny of one of these clones was inoculated into two specific-pathogen-free cats. The animals seroconverted, and the virus could be reisolated from their PBMC.
Kinase Activity in Recurring Primary Chordomas and Chondrosarcomas: Identification of Novel Pathways of Oncogenesis and Potential Drug Targets (2017)

Background: Chordomas and chondrosarcomas are tumors that occur in the skull base. The primary clinical treatment for these neoplasms is surgery, while the role of adjuvant therapy remains highly debated. Some reviews have concluded that chordomas are radiotherapy resistant. In addition, no pharmacotherapies have been approved by the FDA for chordomas or chondrosarcomas. Currently, 45% of chordomas and 56% of chondrosarcomas recur within five years of surgery. The high propensity for recurrence and lack of definitive adjuvant therapy necessitates additional basic science research to identify molecular anomalies associated with recurrent disease to allow clinicians to target specific markers with pharmacotherapy.
Dynein, kinesin and morphological changes in optic nerve axons in a rat model with cerebrospinal fluid pressure reduction: the Beijing Intracranial and Intraocular Pressure (iCOP) study (2015)

Experimental models with an acute IOP rise or with an acute CSFP reduction showed similar morphologic changes in the retinal ganglion cell axons and similar immunohistochemical changes in the axonal motor proteins kinesin HC and dynein IC. It supports the hypothesis that an experimental model with an acute reduction in CSFP as well as an experimental model with an acute rise in IOP may share similarities in the process of optic nerve damage.
Specimen Cell and Gasket Assembly in Girdle Type High Pressure Apparatust (1972)

ピストンとシリンダーの円錐角90。のガードル型高圧装置について,試料室内の発生圧力の圧力分布を調べ,試料室の幾何学的配置とガスケット構成を検討した。ピストン端部の直径とシリンダーの内径が等しい形状の装置では,図2-(b)に示す複合ガスケットが適当であった。試料室内の圧力の静水圧的条件はほぼ満足できるが,ピストンまたはシリンダー側面の圧力負担が大きく耐用回数が短い。ピストン端部の直径をシリンダーの内径より小さく改良した装置では,図8-(c)に示す複合ガスケットが適当であった.試料室内の静水圧性は劣るが,圧力発生に増圧効果がみられ試料中心部に圧力が集中し・ピストンまたはシリンダー側面の圧力負担が減少した。この改良型装置は15～60kbの圧力条件下で十分長期間使用できる。
Managing geotechnical risk on US design-build transport projects (2014)

Awarding design-build (DB) contracts before a complete subsurface investigation is completed, makes mitigating the risk of differing site conditions difficult, if not impossible. The purpose of the study was to identify effective practices for managing geotechnical risk in DB projects, and it reports the results of a survey that included responses from 42 of 50 US state departments of transportation and a content analysis of DB requests for proposals from 26 states to gauge the client’s perspective, as well as 11 structured interviews with DB contractors to obtain the perspective from the other side of the DB contract. A suite of DB geotechnical risk manage tools is presented based on the results of the analysis. Effective practices were found in three areas: enhancing communications on geotechnical issues before final proposals are submitted; the use of project-specific differing site conditions clauses; and expediting geotechnical design reviews after award. The major finding is that contract verbiage alone is not sufficient to transfer the risk of changed site conditions. The agency must actively communicate all the geotechnical information on hand at the time of the DB procurement and develop a contract strategy that reduces/retires the risk of geotechnical uncertainty as expeditiously as possible after award.