gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RF and Logic Performance Improvement of $ \hbox{In}_{0.7}\hbox{Ga}_{0.3}\hbox{As}/\hbox{InAs}/\hbox{In}_{0.7}\hbox{Ga}_{0.3}\hbox{As}$ Composite-Channel HEMT Using Gate-Sinking Technology (2008)

Eighty-nanometer-gate In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.7</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.3</sub> As/InAs/In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.7</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.3</sub> As composite-channel high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), which are fabricated using platinum buried gate as the Schottky contact metal, were evaluated for RF and logic application. After gate sinking at 250degC for 3 min, the device exhibited a high g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> value of 1590 mS/mm at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> = 0.5 V, the current-gain cutoff frequency f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> was increased from 390 to 494 GHz, and the gate-delay time was decreased from 0.83 to 0.78 ps at supply voltage of 0.6 V. This is the highest f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> achieved for 80-nm-gate-length HEMT devices. These superior performances are attributed to the reduction of distance between gate and channel and the reduction of parasitic gate capacitances during the gate-sinking process. Moreover, such superior performances were achieved through a very simple and straightforward fabrication process with optimal epistructure of the device.
The Effect of Water Sanitizing Compounds on the Discoloration of the Egg Shell (1964)

IMPROVEMENTS in techniques during the past few years have led to egg washing methods that generally produce satisfactory results. A number of scattered complaints have arisen, however, due to discoloration of the egg shell during the washing operation. Shell staining problems resulting from washing with various compounds have been brought to the attention of the staff of this university by egg producers and handlers in the midwest. Personal communications have revealed that this problem has occurred elsewhere, including the South, the Pacific Northwest, and Colorado. In these instances otherwise normally appearing white-shelled eggs turn to an off-white cream or tan color. They often have a blotched appearance due to uneven discoloration. As well as resulting in eggs with an undesirable appearance, monetary losses have resulted from downgrading due to stained shells. A search of the literature revealed no previous studies of egg shell discoloration caused by washing practices. Some discussions…
ChemInform Abstract: L‐755,805, a New Polyketide Endothelin Binding Inhibitor from an Actinomycete. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of Drying Conditions on Rheological Properties of Hydrocolloids Gums from &lt;i&gt;Triumfetta cordifolia&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Bridelia thermifolia&lt;/i&gt; Barks (2013)

Triumfetta cordifolia and Bridelia thermifolia are two shrubs from tropical region of Africa. Their gums are traditionally extracted from fresh barks and used in traditional recipes (thickening and aromatization of sauces, improvement of the swelling of maize and bean cakes) and in the process of decantation of traditional beer. In order to valorize these barks in dried form, study of the effect of drying temperature on the rheological properties of their gums was carried out. In this respect, the fresh barks were dried at 40℃, 50℃, 60℃, 70℃ and 80℃ and the viscosity of their extracts was measured. The drying kinetic of the barks showed two falling rate periods represented by two drying constants k1 and k2. The absolute viscosity of the extracts decreased beyond drying temperatures higher than 70℃ and 80℃respectively for T cordifolia and B. Thermifolia. The decreasing viscosity is attributed mainly to a reorganization of polysaccharide chains. The temperatures range lower than 70℃ could be retained to dry the barks and to extract gums without deteriorating their properties.
Studies on Quinoline Derivatives. IV (1955)

Hey and Adams reported that the nitration of 2-chlorolepidine yielded a product of m.p. 142-143°, which they assumed to be 5-nitro-2-chlorolepidine, together with two substances of m.p. 213-214° and 133-135°. In Part III of this series, it was shown that the nitration product of m.p. 142-143° was 8-nitro-2-chlorolepidine. In order to solve this discrepancy, the procedures employed by Hey and Adams were followed and as a result of chromatographic separation, ultraviolet and infrared spectral analyses, and thermal analysis, the product of m.p. 142-143° was established as the 8-nitro compound. The product of m.p. 133-135° was found to be a mixture of 6- and 8-nitro compounds from which, by the Wolff-Kishner reduction with CuSO4 instead KOH, only 8-aminolepidine was obtained. Nitration of lepidine yields 8-nitrolepidine and a product of m.p. 127-129, which is assumed to be 5-nitrolepidine from its ultraviolet absorption spectrum.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Characterization of the Three Geometrical Isomers of (1,3‐Propanediamine‐N,N′‐diacetato‐N,N′‐di‐3‐propionato)chromate(III). Crystal Structure of trans‐(O6)‐K(Cr(1,3‐pddda))·3 H2O. (1987)

Abstract The reaction of CrCl 3 ·6 H 2 O with the sixdentate ligand 1,3‐propanediamine‐N,N'‐diacetate‐N,N'‐di‐3‐propionate prepared by alkylation of 1,3‐propanediamine‐N,N'‐diacetic acid with 3‐chloropropionic acid in the presence of KOH leads to geometric isomers of the title chromate.
U<scp>LTRAFAST</scp>S<scp>PECTROSCOPY OF</scp>S<scp>HOCK</scp>W<scp>AVES IN</scp>M<scp>OLECULAR</scp>M<scp>ATERIALS</scp> (1999)

Recent progress in combining the techniques of time-resolved molecular spectroscopy with shock compression science is reviewed. Shock wave spectroscopy probes the response of molecules to high-speed, large-amplitude mechanical transients and is an important way of studying physical chemical phenomena that involve large-amplitude displacements. A brief discussion of the continuum model for shock compression and a molecular model for the shock front is presented. Methods for generating and detecting shock effects are reviewed. Several applications of shock spectroscopy are reviewed, including high explosives, the nanoshock technique that uses ultrafast lasers, and shock compression of biological molecules.
rf-sputtered aluminum nitride films on sapphire (1974)

Single-crystal films of aluminum nitride were fabricated on (0001)- and (011̄2)-oriented sapphire substrates by reactive rf sputtering an aluminum target in ammonia gas. Films sputtered on either sapphire orientation were clear, smooth, and piezoelectric. Effective surface acoustic wave piezoelectric coupling constants as large as k2 = 0.2% were found for films sputtered on (0001)-oriented sapphire.
Histochemical and morphological studies on mammalian epidermal peridermal granules (1986)

We performed morphological studies on the epidermal peridermal granules (PG) of newborn mice using histological, fluorescent and electron microscopic methods. PG appeared during the 17th to 18th day of foetal life, and remained in the outermost epidermal layers until 5 days after birth. PG were evenly distributed over the entire cutaneous surface of the mouse, except the tail. PG were found to contain protein and corresponded to sites of transglutaminase activity, but they were devoid of lipids and nucleic acids. They could be differentiated clearly from keratohyalin granules. Together, these studies suggest that PG represent a unique epidermal protein product that serves as a marker of late foetal development.
Short-pulse CO_2 laser for photochemical studies (1981)

A line-tunable CO(2) laser system is described producing repeatable pulses with selectable widths from 2 to 60 nsec. High energy contrast ratio (minimum of 10) is achieved in both the P and R branches of the 9- and 10-microm bands making this system a valuable source for photochemical studies.
Abstract 2267: Sulforaphane depresses proliferation and induces cell death in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells, GBM stem cell-like spheroids, and tumor xenografts through modulation of multiple cell signaling pathways (2014)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) comprises the largest group of brain tumors which are drug resistant and respond very poorly to the current therapies. In this study, we used sulforaphane (SFN), a multi-targeting agent with cancer preventive and anti-cancer activities and showed that it targets GBM established cell lines, early primary cultures, and CD133+ GBM stem cells as well as in GBM stem-like spheroids. SFN at 5-50 μM triggered significant inhibition of cell survival and induced apoptotic cell death in GBM cells and CD133+ stem cells isolated from four GBM cell lines. SFN induced apoptosis in U87MG cells was associated with caspase-7 activation. Moreover, SFN triggered formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and when the cells were pre-treated with 10 mM N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), ROS production and cell survival in cells treated with 5-10 μM were similar to the control untreated U87MG cells, revealing that SFN-triggered cell death is ROS-dependent. Moreover, SFN-generated ROS in U87MG cells were formed at the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain (MRC) level. SFN also increased expression of the TRAIL receptor DR5 in GBM cells, U87MG and SF767 cells by 24 h post-exposure. Moreover, as revealed by comet assay, SFN increased single- and double-strand DNA breaks in GBM. Compared to untreated control cells, a significantly higher amount of γ-H2AX foci and as consequence higher number of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) breaks were observed in the SFN-treated sample. In vivo studies, using NOD/SCID mice revealed that SFN administration via oral gavage at 100 mg/kg for 3 cycles significantly decreases the growth of ectopic xenografts established from the early passage primary cultures of GBM10. Our results show that SFN robustly inhibits growth of GBM cells in vitro and in vivo and induces cell death in established cell cultures, early passage primary cultures, as well as it is effective in eliminating GBM cancer stem cells, which play a major role in drug resistance and disease recurrence. These results suggest that use of SFN alone or in combination with other agents, may potentially improve survival of brain tumor patients. Citation Format: Khadijeh Bijangi-Vishehsaraei, Mohammad R. Saadatzadeh, Haiyan Wang, Malgorzata M. Kamocka, Wenjing Cai, Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol, Stacey L. Halum, Karen E. Pollok, Jann N. Sarkaria, Ahmad R. Safa. Sulforaphane depresses proliferation and induces cell death in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells, GBM stem cell-like spheroids, and tumor xenografts through modulation of multiple cell signaling pathways. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2267. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2267
In-containment radiation environments following the hypothetical LOCA (LWR) (1976)

The increase in medication errors notified in the post-intervention period is a reflection of an increase in the motivation of health professionals to report errors through this new method.
Androgen excess and diagnostic steroid biomarkers for nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency without cosyntropin stimulation (2020)

Adrenal 11-oxyandrogens are disproportionately elevated compared to conventional androgens in N21OHD. Steroid panels can accurately diagnose N21OHD in unstimulated blood tests.
On-site solid phase extraction method for endocrine disrupters (2004)

内分泌撹乱化学物質であるアルキルフェノール類・ビスフェノールA等の分布，動態を知るには多検体の分析が必要であり，実験室で前処理及び分析を行うためには，水試料の運搬に多大な労力とコストがかかる．そこで，採水サンプルを現場にて固相抽出するための，電源不要，小型で持ち運びが容易な装置を考案，作製した．まず，固相吸着剤の保存・運搬によるアルキルフェノール類及びビスフェノールAの保持能に変化がないことを確認した．また，サロゲート物質の添加法を検討することで，現場処理での回収率を算出できる方法を提案した．更に実試料として荒川の河川水を現場固相抽出法と実験室処理法により処理し，結果を比較したところ，本法では通常法よりも高いノニルフェノールの定量値が得られ，本法が環境中のより正確な成分濃度を知る上で有効であることが示された．
A Three-Line Stereo Camera Concept for Planetary Exploration (1997)

This paper presents a low-weight stereo camera concept for planetary exploration. The camera uses three CCD lines within the image plane of one single objective. Some of the main features of the camera include: focal length-90 mm, FOV-18.5 deg, IFOV-78 (mu)rad, convergence angles-(+/-)10 deg, radiometric dynamics-14 bit, weight-2 kg, and power consumption-12.5 Watts. From an orbit altitude of 250 km the ground pixel size is 20m x 20m and the swath width is 82 km. The CCD line data is buffered in the camera internal mass memory of 1 Gbit. After performing radiometric correction and application-dependent preprocessing the data is compressed and ready for downlink. Due to the aggressive application of advanced technologies in the area of microelectronics and innovative optics, the low mass and power budgets of 2 kg and 12.5 Watts is achieved, while still maintaining high performance. The design of the proposed light-weight camera is also general purpose enough to be applicable to other planetary missions such as the exploration of Mars, Mercury, and the Moon. Moreover, it is an example of excellent international collaboration on advanced technology concepts developed at DLR, Germany, and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA.
Uterine Arterial Embolization for Leiomyomas: Perfusion and Volume Changes at MR Imaging and Relation to Clinical Outcome (2002)

Immediate reduction in leiomyoma perfusion after bilateral UAE correlates with clinical response, whereas leiomyomas initially high in SI on T2-weighted images indicate a likely greater volume reduction.
Single sample extraction and HPLC processing for quantification of NAD and NADH levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2008)

A robust redox extraction protocol for quantitative and reproducible metabolite isolation and recovery has been developed for simultaneous measurement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its reduced form, NADH, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Following culture in liquid media, approximately 10{sup 8} yeast cells were harvested by centrifugation and then lysed under non-oxidizing conditions by bead blasting in ice-cold, nitrogen-saturated 50-mM ammonium acetate. To enable protein denaturation, ice cold nitrogen-saturated CH{sub 3}CN + 50-mM ammonium acetate (3:1; v:v) was added to the cell lysates. After sample centrifugation to pellet precipitated proteins, organic solvent removal was performed on supernatants by chloroform extraction. The remaining aqueous phase was dried and resuspended in 50-mM ammonium acetate. NAD and NADH were separated by HPLC and quantified using UV-VIS absorbance detection. Applicability of this procedure for quantifying NAD and NADH levels was evaluated by culturing yeast under normal (2% glucose) and calorie restricted (0.5% glucose) conditions. NAD and NADH contents are similar to previously reported levels in yeast obtained using enzymatic assays performed separately on acid (for NAD) and alkali (for NADH) extracts. Results demonstrate that it is possible to perform a single preparation to reliably and robustly quantitate both NAD and NADH contents in the same sample. Robustness of the protocol suggests it will be (1) applicable to quantification of these metabolites in mammalian and bacterial cell cultures; and (2) amenable to isotope labeling strategies to determine the relative contribution of specific metabolic pathways to total NAD and NADH levels in cell cultures.
Application de la borne de Cramer-Rao dans le cas de systèmes antennaires complexes de goniométrie (2007)

This paper focus on Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) estimation of very complex Direction Finding System (DFS). Most of the time, the CRLB is computed with assumptions and/or simplification because we can’t take into account the environment. We consider in this study DFS with many disturbing elements (coupling, mast, vehicle, ground etc...) which is the most representative of the real conditions of installation of direction finding systems. In order to compute the CRLB, we use electromagnetic simulation software to estimate the direction vector with more accuracy taking into account the effect of the environment. This method of computation allows us to analyse the real impact of disturbing elements on the DFS, and the results obtained allow us to have a more realistic estimation of the Cramer Rao lower bound and to optimize in some cases the direction finding system as a function of its environment. Colloque GRETSI, 11-14 septembre 2007, Troyes 1053
Early weight-bearing after periacetabular osteotomy leads to a high incidence of postoperative pelvic fractures (2014)

The accelerated rehabilitation protocol seems to have advantages for early muscle recovery in patients undergoing PAO; however, postoperative pelvic fracture rates were unacceptably high in patients with this protocol.
The Chandra Deep Field North Survey. IX. Extended X-Ray Sources (2002)

The ~1 Ms Chandra Deep Field North observation is used to study the extended X-ray sources in the region surrounding the Hubble Deep Field North (HDF-N), yielding the most sensitive probe of extended X-ray emission at cosmological distances to date. A total of six such sources are detected, the majority of which align with small numbers of optically bright galaxies. Their angular sizes, band ratios, and X-ray luminosities -- assuming they lie at the same distances as the galaxies coincident with the X-ray emission -- are generally consistent with the properties found for nearby groups of galaxies. One source is notably different and is likely to be a poor-to-moderate X-ray cluster at high redshift (i.e., z > 0.7). We are also able to place strong constraints on the optically detected cluster of galaxies ClG 1236+6215 at z=0.85 and the wide-angle-tail radio galaxy VLA J123725.7+621128 at z~1-2. With rest-frame 0.5--2.0 keV X-ray luminosities of <(3-15)e42 ergs s^{-1}, the environments of both sources are either likely to have a significant deficit of hot intra-cluster gas compared to local clusters of galaxies, or they are X-ray groups. We find the surface density of extended X-ray sources in this observation to be 167 (+97,-67) deg^{-2} at a limiting soft-band flux of approximately 3e-16 ergs s^{-1} cm^{-2}. No evolution in the X-ray luminosity function of clusters is needed to explain this value. (Abridged)
Preparation of Multicomponent Metal Oxides Using Nozzle Spray and Microwaves (2007)

Abstract Multicomponent metal oxide (MMO) crystallites are prepared by spraying a reactant solution into a receiving solution or into air under microwave radiation at atmospheric pressure. The injection of a nitric acid solution through an ultrasonic nozzle into a receiving solution of metal precursor and the use of microwave radiation are combined to form a novel preparation technique called the nozzle‐spray/microwave (NMW) method. The inclusion of an additional step, the in situ mixing of precursor solutions prior to their injection through the ultrasonic nozzle spray, leads to another procedure called the in situ/nozzle‐spray/microwave (INM) method. For comparison, MMO materials with the same metal constituents as those prepared by our novel techniques are prepared by conventional hydrothermal (CH) methods. Fresh materials prepared by NMW, INM, and CH methods were heat treated to study the effect of calcination. All materials were characterized before and after calcination using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, and inductively coupled plasma elemental analysis. The NMW method produces particles with rodlike morphologies different from those obtained using CH methods. The INM method produces an amorphous material that crystallizes after calcination into small (ca. 200 nm) particles with interesting morphologies. Notably, calcination of materials prepared by both NMW and INM reduces the particle size and increases the surface area. The work presented in this paper paves the way to use NMW and INM to prepare MMOs with unique morphologies.
ChemInform Abstract: An N → N′‐Benzyl Migration During the Formation of Some (Trifluoromethyl)imidazo(4,5‐h)quinolines. (1989)

Abstract The 7‐amino‐8‐alkylaminoquinolines (VI) are synthesized via a Skraup reaction or photolysis of the azide (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF MONOISOPINOCAMPHEYLBORANE (1978)

Abstract Tetramethylethylen (I) ergibt mit Boran‐dimethylsulfid bei 25°C Thexylboramdas als Triethylamin‐Komplex (III) mit α‐Pinen (IV) rasch bei 25°C zum Isopinocampheylboran‐triethylamin (V) reagiert.
Characterization of a 90° waveguide bend using near-field scanning optical microscopy (2005)

Multiple modes are directly imaged in a silicon nitride waveguide bend using near-field scanning optical microscopy. Since the high order mode attenuates faster than the fundamental mode, a transient interference is observed. Local loss at the bend-to-straight waveguide interface is found and attributed to modal mismatch. The observations are in good agreement with modal calculations using conformal index transformation.
Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents, Hemolytic Activity and Plasmids in Aeromonas Species (1990)

A total of 174 Aeromonas isolates consisting of 100 strains from patients with diarrhea being mainly overseas travellers nd healthy subjects, and 74 strains from environmental sources including foods, fish, fresh water, sea water and river soil collected in the area of Tokyo Metropolis and Kanagawa Prefecture was examined for the antimicrobial resistance, presence of plasmids and hemolytic activity. Almost all the isolates (99.4%) were resistant to aminobenzyl penicillin. The isolation frequency of chloramphenicol- or tetracycline-resistant strain was low. Most environmental isolates of A. hydrophila were resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents. Thirty-seven percent of environmental isolates and 39% of human fecal ones carried plasmids. In environmental isolates, seven A. hydrophila and three A. sobria strains carried 63- to 150-kilobase pair (kb) conjugative R plasmids. Two A. hydrophila strains from both the healthy subject and domestic case with diarrhea carried 58- to 90-kb conjugative R plasmids, respectively. None of the isolates from the feces of overseas traveller's diarrhea carried the plasmid. Irrespective of the sources. A. hydrophila showed the highest hemolytic activity among three Aeromonas species. Eighty percent or more of A. hydrophila isolates were of hemolysin positive. The hemolytic titer of A. hydrophila strains from human feces was higher than that of the strains from environmental sources.
Comparison of MTT Colorimetric Assay and Tritiated Thymidine Uptake for Lymphocyte Proliferation Assays Using Chicken Splenocytes (1992)

The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) colorimetric assay was compared with the conventional tritiated thymidine deoxyriboside (3H-TdR) incorporation for assay of lymphocyte blastogenesis using mononuclear cells isolated from the spleens of specific-pathogen-free chickens. The study was undertaken in an effort to simplify methods for assessing avian lymphocyte proliferation, specifically for evaluating response to mitogens or for indirect measurement of T-cell growth factors. The results from stimulated cells in both assay methods were significantly different from results from the control cells, and the MTT assay results regressed in a significant linear manner on counts from 3H-TdR incorporation. On this basis, the MTT assay is a valid test for evaluation of lymphocyte proliferation of chicken splenocytes.