gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catalytic oxidation of CO in presence of ozone over supported palladium catalysts (2014)

Palladium supported Al2O3 and SiO2 catalysts have been synthesized and evaluated for carbon monoxide oxidation in the presence of ozone. The factors affecting the CO oxidation such as Pd loading (wt%), contact time, reaction temperature and O3/CO molar ratio have been studied. The extent of ozone decomposition on Pd catalysts is proportional to the CO oxidation activity. High reaction temperature or high Pd loading results in the high catalytic activity for CO oxidation. CO chemisorption study shows maximum CO uptake at higher Pd loading. XRD, CO chemisorption and TEM results show that Pd disperses better on alumina than on silica support. The physicochemical properties are well correlated with catalytic activity data. The ozone decomposition on palladium is responsible for the low temperature the CO oxidation. The CO oxidation follows Langmuir Hinshelwood (surface) and Eley-Rideal (surface CO and gas phase ozone) type mixed mechanisms in presence of ozone. The catalytic activity and stability have been tested for 60 hours.
Clinical tumor cell distribution pattern is a prognostically relevant parameter in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (2001)

TD, a quantitative and simple clinical parameter, easily assessed in all patients, offers a reliable tool for evaluation of tumor cell distribution in B-CLL. It has independent and strong prognostic power in females, as opposed to males, possibly unmasking important, yet unrecognized, biological difference in B-CLL patients.
Response of lentil to Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strains at different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus (2000)

Response of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) to inoculation with 3 local and 1 exotic Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae (lentil rhizobia) strains at different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus (00:00, 20:20, 20:40, 20:60, 20:80, 40:20, 40:40, 40:60 and 40:80 kg/ha as N and P2O5, respectively) was studied. A field experiment was conducted on a soil deficient in nitrogen and available phosphorus that had a very low indigenous population of lentil rhizobia. Percentage strain recovery (nodule occupancy) revealed that the inoculant strains were highly competitive and occupied 71–95% of the nodules. Inoculation had significant benefits for nodulation, biomass, grain yield, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake at all levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. Inoculation with the local strain Lc26 increased yield by 393 kg/ha compared with the uninoculated control. Maximum biomass, and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake were observed where nitrogen and phosphorus were applied at the rates of 40 and 60–80 kg/ha, respectively. The 40:80 kg nitrogen and phosphorus per hectare combination gave the maximum nodule number, nodule dry weight and grain yield (904 kg/ha) with a net return of US$189 as compared to the unfertilised control and there was an income of US$7 for each dollar invested on fertiliser.
3D‐Printed haptic “Reverse” models for preoperative planning in soft tissue reconstruction: A case report (2014)

In reconstructive surgery, preoperative planning is essential for optimal functional and aesthetic outcome. Creating a three-dimensional (3D) model from two-dimensional (2D) imaging data by rapid prototyping has been used in industrial design for decades but has only recently been introduced for medical application. 3D printing is one such technique that is fast, convenient, and relatively affordable. In this report, we present a case in which a reproducible method for producing a 3D-printed "reverse model" representing a skin wound defect was used for flap design and harvesting. This comprised a 82-year-old man with an exposed ankle prosthesis after serial soft tissue debridements for wound infection. Soft tissue coverage and dead-space filling were planned with a composite radial forearm free flap (RFFF). Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) of the donor site (left forearm), recipient site (right ankle), and the left ankle was performed. 2D data from the CTA was 3D-reconstructed using computer software, with a 3D image of the left ankle used as a "control." A 3D model was created by superimposing the left and right ankle images, to create a "reverse image" of the defect, and printed using a 3D printer. The RFFF was thus planned and executed effectively, without complication. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a mechanism of calculating a soft tissue wound defect and producing a 3D model that may be useful for surgical planning. 3D printing and particularly "reverse" modeling may be versatile options in reconstructive planning, and have the potential for broad application.
Drift reduction and droplet‐size in sprays containing adjuvant oil emulsions (1999)

The droplet-sizes and drift produced by sprays containing dilute oil-in-water emulsions of various vegetable and mineral oil adjuvants were measured in wind-tunnel experiments. When compared with water or a surfactant solution, both types of oil adjuvant reduced the proportion of small driftable droplets and, hence, reduced measured spray drift. Vegetable oils were more effective at drift reduction than the mineral oil. Spray drift tended to increase with increasing oil concentration and decreasing emulsifier content.
Generalization of complex Snell–Descartes and Fresnel laws (1994)

Generalized Snell–Descartes and Fresnel laws are derived for harmonic inhomogeneous plane waves that are incident upon a static interface between two continuous absorbing dielectric media that are macroscopically characterized by their electric and magnetic permittivities and their conductivities. A coordinate-free formalism based on complex vector algebra is used to carry out all discussions. Surprisingly, the usual complex Snell–Descartes laws for reflection and refraction and Fresnel laws for polarization are recovered only in the special case in which the vector characterizing the direction of inhomogeneity is in the plane of incidence. In the more general case a new deflection angle between planes of incidence and refraction has to be introduced. An experiment is proposed to test this prediction. A generalized form of the TE and TM modes (with respect to the interface), which are elliptically polarized and which are called parallel electric and parallel magnetic modes, also emerges.
Ultrasound for Accurate Measurement of Invasive Breast Cancer Tumor Size (2006)

Accurate presurgical assessment of tumor size is important for choosing appropriate treatment, especially with the increasing use of neoadjuvant and minimally invasive therapy. Breast sonography is increasingly used by breast surgeons as a part of their basic clinical evaluation. We undertook this study to compare clinical evaluation, mammography, and breast sonography for evaluating breast tumor size. A prospective analysis of 124 consecutive patients with palpable breast cancer was performed. Tumor masses belonging to T1 and small T2 were selectively selected. All women had clinical, mammographic, and sonographic assessment of tumor size. Measurements were compared to the pathologic tumor size of the surgical specimen. Both mammographic and sonographic measurements tend to underestimate tumor size, while clinical assessment tends to overestimate it. Ultrasound was significantly more accurate in determining tumor size. The maximal tumor diameter measured was within 2 mm of the pathologic tumor size in 45.2% of cases measured by breast ultrasound, 28.2% of cases measured by mammography, and 14.5% of cases measured clinically. These data suggest that ultrasound is more accurate than clinical breast examination and mammography in assessing breast cancer size. Ultrasound assessment should be used by surgeons as an accurate adjunct to clinical examination in outpatient breast clinics.
Themed Review: Lifestyle Management of Obesity (2007)

Obesity is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths in this country. Numerous approaches have been used to manage the disease without much success. The lifestyle management of obesity has been shown to be effi cacious for successful weight loss and maintenance. Diet, physical activity, and behavior modification are the key strategies used in lifestyle programs. They are combined to help obese individuals achieve a gradual reduction in weight over an extended time period. The components may be combined in a variety of ways to e fectively promote weight loss, allowing for flexibility and personal preference. Techniques and descriptions of these components are presented in this review. In addition, special populations that may benefit from this approach are reviewed. Optional treatments that may enhance the benefits of lifestyle intervention are also discussed. The authors hope to provide a resource for clinicians that will facilitate adoption of lifestyle approaches for managing the obese patient.
Macworld System 7.5 Bible (1994)

Bestselling author Lon Poole provides Mac users with all the hottest information on the new features in Apple's Macintosh system software. This book covers the new system capabilities and explains the difference between versions of System 7. To get even more from System 7, the book suggests many new free and low-cost utilities. Includes tips and insights for increasing productivity.
Phenylpropanolamine: A review (1988)

History: Early Studies of Phenylpropanolamine: Synthesis and Patenting Early Basic Pharmacology Studies Therapeutic Uses Street Drug Abuse: Amphetamine Look-alikes, Pseudospeed and Counterfeit Controlled Substances Chemistry: Stereochemistry of Phenylpropanolamine Synthesis of Phenylpropanolamine Pharmaceutical Preparations Containing Phenylpropanolamine Chemical Analysis of Phenylpropanolamine Basic Pharmacology: Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics Safety: Toxicology Adverse Effects Overdose Cases Adverse Drug Interactions Clinical Pharmacology: Efficacy of Phenylpropanolamine as a Decongestant in Cough/Cold Preparations Efficacy of Phenylpropanolamine as an Anorectic Drug in the Treatment of Obesity Efficacy of Phenylpropanolamine in Treatment of Urinary Incontinence Use of Phenylpropanolamine for Correction of Retrograde Ejaculation Clinical Safety Studies.
Differential Interactions of Rifabutin with Human and Bacterial Membranes: Implication for Its Therapeutic and Toxic Effects (2012)

This work focuses on the interaction of rifabutin (RFB), a naphthalenic ansamycin, with membrane models. Since the therapeutic and toxic effects of this class of drugs are strongly influenced by their lipid affinity, we concerned specifically on the ability of this antibiotic to affect the membrane biophysical properties. The extent of the interaction between RFB and membrane phospholipids was quantified by the partition coefficient (K(p)), using membrane model systems that mimic the human (liposomes of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine, DMPC) and the bacterial (liposomes of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol, DMPG) plasma membranes. To predict the drug location in the membranes, fluorescence quenching and lifetime measurements were carried out using the above-mentioned membrane models labeled with fluorescent probes. Steady-state anisotropy measurements were also performed to evaluate the effect of RFB on the microviscosity of the membranes. Overall, the results support that RFB has higher affinity for the bacterial membrane mediated by electrostatic interactions with the phospholipid head groups.
Localization and Release of FMRFamide-Like Immuno-Reactivity in an Insect Cerebral Neuroendocrine System (1986)

Neuropeptides secreted by insect cerebral neurosecretory cells (NSCs) are primary endocrine regulators of physiology, development, and behavior. Recently, many workers have shown that insect NSCs and neurohemal organs are immunoreactive to antisera directed against vertebrate and invertebrate neuropeptides. Thus, the insect homologues of these neuropeptides may serve a neurohormonal function. A possible neuroendocrine role in insects for the tetrapeptide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2(FMRFamide) (Price and Greenberg, 1977) or analogues thereof was suggested by immunocytochemical staining of neurohemal corpora cardiaca (Boer et al., 1980). Because cerebral NSCs of the moth, Manduca sexta, have been identified (Carrow et al., 1984), we used this model system to further clarify the role of FLI in insects. We briefly describe here the distribution of FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in this cerebral neuroendocrine system and provide evidence for storage and calcium dependent release of FLI from the neurohemal organs (Carroll et al., 1986).
Combinational Application of Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy and Quartz Crystal Microbalance for Studying Nuclear Hormone Receptor−Response Element Interactions (2006)

Conventional methodologies for studying protein-DNA complexes, such as electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), lack the real-time sensitivity and precision to accurately characterize the complex dynamics of interactions between transcription factors and their binding sites. To better understand the interactions between estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes and the estrogen response elements (EREs), we employed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation measurement (QCM-D) and made the following observations: (1) base substitutions in ERE half-sites reduced binding affinity for both ERalpha and ERbeta, (2) ERalpha has a higher sequence specificity than ERbeta or there were more nonspecific interactions between ERbeta and control DNA, and (3) ERalpha bound ERE as dimers and ERbeta bound as tetramers. These findings highlight intrinsic differences in DNA-binding properties between receptor subtypes, which are not apparent based on the high degree of conservation (96% identity) in their DNA-binding domains and results from EMSA studies. With this study, we demonstrate the potential of utilizing SPR and QCM in combination for a comprehensive characterization of ER-DNA interactions, including sequence-dependent binding mechanisms and structural differences in ERalpha-DNA and ERbeta-DNA complexes.
Sparse Low Rank Bilinear Discriminative Model and its Application (2010)

High dimensionality and small size samplesis widely encountered in many real world machine learning applications.Low rank approximation to parametric matrix has recently been proven to be an effective method to control the complexity of models.Most of the previous low rank methods are required to specify the target rank by hand beforehand(e.g.,principal component analysis),however,imposing the sparsity constraints on the parametric matrix can avoid this.In particular,under a bilinear discriminative framework,decomposing the parametric matrix and simultaneously constraining their ranks with the sparsity-inducing regularization will perform well.The result-ing problem can be efficiently solved with coordinate descent.This method is able to take the spatial information of structured data into account,leading to improved generalization capability.The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on a security biometric application.
Inappropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator discharges unrelated to supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (2006)

In our experience, inappropriate ICD discharges unrelated to supraventricular arrhythmias occurred in about 4% of ICD patients. A careful evaluation of clinical data and telemetric information (lead impedance, sensed R-wave, stored electrograms) is essential in order to understand the nature of inappropriate ICD discharges and to select the most appropriate solution.
Mutations and polymorphisms in FSH receptor: functional implications in human reproduction (2013)

FSH brings about its physiological actions by activating a specific receptor located on target cells. Normal functioning of the FSH receptor (FSHR) is crucial for follicular development and estradiol production in females and for the regulation of Sertoli cell function and spermatogenesis in males. In the last two decades, the number of inactivating and activating mutations, single nucleotide polymorphisms, and spliced variants of FSHR gene has been identified in selected infertile cases. Information on genotype-phenotype correlation and in vitro functional characterization of the mutants has helped in understanding the possible genetic cause for female infertility in affected individuals. The information is also being used to dissect various extracellular and intracellular events involved in hormone-receptor interaction by studying the differences in the properties of the mutant receptor when compared with WT receptor. Studies on polymorphisms in the FSHR gene have shown variability in clinical outcome among women treated with FSH. These observations are being explored to develop molecular markers to predict the optimum dose of FSH required for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Pharmacogenetics is an emerging field in this area that aims at designing individual treatment protocols for reproductive abnormalities based on FSHR gene polymorphisms. The present review discusses the current knowledge of various genetic alterations in FSHR and their impact on receptor function in the female reproductive system.
Multimodal Interaction with Multiple Co-located Drones in Search and Rescue Missions (2016)

We present a multimodal interaction framework suitable for a human rescuer that operates in proximity with a set of co-located drones during search missions. This work is framed in the context of the SHERPA project whose goal is to develop a mixed ground and aerial robotic platform to support search and rescue activities in a real-world alpine scenario. Differently from typical human-drone interaction settings, here the operator is not fully dedicated to the drones, but involved in search and rescue tasks, hence only able to provide sparse, incomplete, although high-value, instructions to the robots. This operative scenario requires a human-interaction framework that supports multimodal communication along with an effective and natural mixed-initiative interaction between the human and the robots. In this work, we illustrate the domain and the proposed multimodal interaction framework discussing the system at work in a simulated case study.
Dose reduction with adaptive bolus chasing computed tomography angiography (2010)

Computed Tomography (CT) has become an effective diagnosis and evaluating tool in clinical; however, its radiation exposure has drawn great attention as more and more CT scans are performed every year. How to reduce the radiation dose and meanwhile keep the resultant CT images diagnosable becomes an important research topic. In this paper, we propose a dose reduction approach along with the adaptive bolus chasing CT Angiography (CTA) techniques, which are capable of tracking the contrast bolus peak over all the blood vessel segments during the CTA scan. By modulating the tube current (and collimator width) online, we can reduce the total radiation dose and maintain the contrast to noise ratio (CNR) of the blood vessel. Numerical experiments on reference DSA data sets show that by using the proposed dose reduction method, the effective radiation dose can be saved about 39%.
Comprehensive package of climate protection measures could substantially decrease cost of emission reductions in Germany (2007)

Seeking to play a pioneering role in climate protection, the European Union has decided to pursue a reduction of at least 20% in greenhouse-gas emissions (on 1990 levels) by the year 2020. Moreover, Europe has declared its willingness to commit itself to emission reductions of 30% over the same period if other developed countries commit themselves to similar targets and if developing countries also make an appropriate contribution. A fair distribution of the burden of emission reductions in Europe and a comprehensive package of climate protection measures in Germany could substantially reduce the cost of emission reductions for the German economy. If Germany succeeds at European level in pushing through a fair burden-sharing mechanism that takes into account the emission reductions achieved to date in the different member states, and at the same time implements a comprehensive package of climate protection measures at home, then climate protection costs can be kept low. It would be very difficult for Germany to achieve its reduction target only by shutting down nuclear installations. What are also needed, in particular, are increased exploitation of energy efficiency potentials, the further development of renewable energy sources, the improvement of the system of emissions trading, and the promotion of innovative energy technologies. If European burden-sharing were fairly distributed and if Germany were to exploit all its energy efficiency potentials, then, in order to achieve a 20% reduction in current European emissions, Germany's climate protection costs would amount to total of around 1.9 billion euro per annum up to 2020. In this case, Germany would have reduced its emissions by 31% on 1990 levels. If it were not possible to negotiate a fair distribution of the burden, and if Germany were unable to exploit the necessary energy efficiency potentials, then the reduction costs would increase to around 5.7 billion euro per annum.
Electron traps in semiconducting polymers: Exponential versus Gaussian trap distribution (2011)

The low electron currents in poly(dialkoxy-$p$-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) derivatives and their steep voltage dependence are generally explained by trap-limited conduction in the presence of an exponential trap distribution. Here we demonstrate that the electron transport of several PPV derivatives can also be well described with a trap distribution that is Gaussianly distributed within the band gap. In contrast to the exponential distribution the trap-limited electron currents can now be modeled using the same Gaussian trap distribution for the various PPV derivatives.
Reactions of Organic Compounds (Hickinbottom, Wilfred John) (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Organic Compounds (Hickinbottom, Wilfred John)Hentry Gilman Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 7, 369Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1958Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 July 1958Published inissue 1 July 1958https://doi.org/10.1021/ed035p369.1RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views34Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts