gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Striatal Dopamine Release and Genetic Variation of the Serotonin 2C Receptor in Humans (2012)

Mesoaccumbal and nigrostriatal projections are sensitive to stress, and heightened stress sensitivity is thought to confer risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. Serotonin 2C (5-HT(2C)) receptors mediate the inhibitory effects of serotonin on dopaminergic circuitry in experimental animals, and preclinical findings have implicated 5-HT(2C) receptors in motivated behaviors and psychotropic drug mechanisms. In humans, a common missense single-nucleotide change (rs6318, Cys23Ser) in the 5-HT(2C) receptor gene (HTR2C) has been associated with altered activity in vitro and with clinical mood disorders. We hypothesized that dopaminergic circuitry would be more sensitive to stress in humans carrying the Ser23 variant. To test this hypothesis, we studied 54 healthy humans using positron emission tomography and the displaceable D(2)/D(3) receptor radiotracer [(11)C]raclopride. Binding potential (BP(ND)) was quantified before and after a standardized stress challenge consisting of 20 min of moderate deep muscular pain, and reduction in BP(ND) served as an index of dopamine release. The Cys23Ser variant was genotyped on a custom array, and ancestry informative markers were used to control for population stratification. We found greater dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, and putamen among Ser23 carriers, after controlling for sex, age, and ancestry. Genotype accounted for 12% of the variance in dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. There was no association of Cys23Ser with baseline BP(ND). These findings indicate that a putatively functional HTR2C variant (Ser23) is associated with greater striatal dopamine release during pain in healthy humans. Mesoaccumbal stress sensitivity may mediate the effects of HTR2C variation on risk of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Treating venous thromboembolism: enoxaparin (2001)

This article reviews the developments that have occurred in the treatment of venous thromboembolism during the last decade, with emphasis on the establishment of low molecular weight heparin as a therapeutic agent of proven efficacy and examines the evidence that supports the movement from inpatient to outpatient hospital management of venous thromboembolism.
Ferromagnetism at room temperature in La–Ba–Ca–Mn–O thin films (2001)

The effects of substitution of Ca by Ba in La1−xCaxMnO3 (LCMO) with x&lt;0.5 were investigated systematically in order to clarify the role of the size of the A cations. As for the La1−x(Ba–Ca)xMnO3 (LBCMO) films of ferromagnetic metallic (FMM) region (x=0.2; 0.3; and 0.4), by doping Ba, the ferromagnetic transition temperature (TC) and the insulator-to-metal (IM) transition temperature (TIM) were improved about 30–60 K, compared with those of LCMO thin films with the same ratio of Mn3+:Mn4+. Especially, La0.7Ba0.1Ca0.2MnO3 thin films have an anomalously high TC (about room temperature) and a TIM of 275 K under zero field. In the ferromagnetic insulating (FMI) region (x=0.15; 0.1), the Ba doping enables the IM transition and remarkably heightens the TC as well. The phase diagram shows that in the slightly doped region (x&lt;0.5), Ba doping has made the FMM phase significantly expanded.
Large-Margin Multi-Modal Deep Learning for RGB-D Object Recognition (2015)

Most existing feature learning-based methods for RGB-D object recognition either combine RGB and depth data in an undifferentiated manner from the outset, or learn features from color and depth separately, which do not adequately exploit different characteristics of the two modalities or utilize the shared relationship between the modalities. In this paper, we propose a general CNN-based multi-modal learning framework for RGB-D object recognition. We first construct deep CNN layers for color and depth separately, which are then connected with a carefully designed multi-modal layer. This layer is designed to not only discover the most discriminative features for each modality, but is also able to harness the complementary relationship between the two modalities. The results of the multi-modal layer are back-propagated to update parameters of the CNN layers, and the multi-modal feature learning and the back-propagation are iteratively performed until convergence. Experimental results on two widely used RGB-D object datasets show that our method for general multi-modal learning achieves comparable performance to state-of-the-art methods specifically designed for RGB-D data.
Prevention of the Negative Chronotropic Effect of Adenosine by Caffeine (1969)

A constant pressure perfusion of the sinus node artery was performed in ten vagotomized dogs. The selective administration of adenosine, AMP, ADP or ATP into this artery caused a negative chronotropic effect which was not blocked by either atropine or tetrodotoxin, but was blocked by the continuous infusion of caffeine or theophylline. In the meanwhile atrial fibrillation was readily induced by acetylcholine.
RED: Reinforced Encoder-Decoder Networks for Action Anticipation (2017)

Action anticipation aims to detect an action before it happens. Many real world applications in robotics and surveillance are related to this predictive capability. Current methods address this problem by first anticipating visual representations of future frames and then categorizing the anticipated representations to actions. However, anticipation is based on a single past frame's representation, which ignores the history trend. Besides, it can only anticipate a fixed future time. We propose a Reinforced Encoder-Decoder (RED) network for action anticipation. RED takes multiple history representations as input and learns to anticipate a sequence of future representations. One salient aspect of RED is that a reinforcement module is adopted to provide sequence-level supervision; the reward function is designed to encourage the system to make correct predictions as early as possible. We test RED on TVSeries, THUMOS-14 and TV-Human-Interaction datasets for action anticipation and achieve state-of-the-art performance on all datasets.
Measurement-based multi-call voice frame grouping in Internet telephony (2002)

Grouping voice frames from multiple calls into a single packet as a means to reduce the bandwidth requirement for IP voice calls is investigated. It is demonstrated that TCP-style Internet delay prediction can be instrumental to regulate the number of frames in each packet in a manner to minimize late losses of the frames under fast undulating Internet delay. The performance of the adaptive scheme is compared against those of fixed grouping cases with varying degrees of aggressiveness.
Controlling Algae in Water Supply Impoundments (1985)

The impact of algae in reservoirs on water supply, the lake eutrophication process, and various techniques used for controlling algae are discussed. Since copper sulfate is the chemical most commonly used to control algae in lakes, the chemistry of copper in the natural lake environment is reviewed, as well as methods for application of chemicals.
Channel codes that exploit the residual redundancy in CELP-encoded speech (1996)

We consider the problem of reliably transmitting CELP-encoded speech over noisy communication channels. Our objective is to design efficient coding/decoding schemes for the transmission of the CELP line spectral parameters (LSPs) over very noisy channels. We begin by quantifying the amount of "residual redundancy" inherent in the LSPs of Federal Standard 1016 CELP. This is done by modeling the LSPs as first- and second-order Markov chains. Two models for LSP generation are proposed; the first model characterizes the intraframe correlation exhibited by the LSPs, while the second model captures both intraframe and interframe correlation. By comparing the entropy rates of the models thus constructed with the CELP rates, it is shown that as many as one-third of the LSP bits in every frame of speech are redundant. We next consider methods by which this residual redundancy can be exploited by an appropriately designed channel decoder. Before transmission, the LSPs are encoded with a forward error control (FEC) code; we consider both block (Reed-Solomon) codes and convolutional codes. Soft-decision decoders that exploit the residual redundancy in the LSPs are implemented assuming additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and independent Rayleigh fading environments. Simulation results employing binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) indicate coding gains of 2-5 dB over soft-decision decoders that do not exploit the residual redundancy.
Developmental Changes in Acyl‐Composition of Soybean Seed Selected for High Oleic Acid Concentration<sup>1</sup> (1984)

Recurrent selection methodology has been utilized in the development of a soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotype, designated as N78‐2245, that contains a high concentration of oleic acid (18:1) and lower concentrations of linoleic (18:2) and linolenic (18:3) acids compared to seed from typical soybean cultivars. The nature of fatty acid metabolism and deposition during the ontogeny of soybean seed with the high‐18:l trait has not been shown previously. The objective of this study was to determine how expression of the high‐18:l trait affected lipid composition during seed development. To achieve that objective fatty acid synthesis and composition were evaluated in seed of N78‐2245 and ‘Dare’, a typical soybean cultivar, at 15‐day intervals during reproductive growth. In N78‐2245 seed the greatest amount of 18:1 accumulateduring the period from 30 to 45 days after flowering. The amount of 18:1 deposited in that period was three‐times greater than that deposited in Dare. In the intervals after 45 days after flowering, 18:1 deposition declined in N78‐2245 seed with a concommitant increase in 18:2 and 18:3. The abrupt shift in net accumulation of 18:1 and 18:2 plus 18:3 during N78‐2245 seed ontogeny was attributed to developmental rather than environmental causes. These data have shown that late developmental increases in 18:2 and 18:3 deposition significantly affected the total unsaturated fatty acid composition of mature N78‐2245 seed.
Conversion of Perhydropolysilazane-to-Silica Thin Films by Exposure to Vapor from Aqueous Ammonia at Room Temperature (2006)

Perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) films ca. 0.2 μm in thickness were deposited by spin-coating on Si(100) and silica glass substrates. The PHPS films obtained were suspended over aqueous ammonia of various concentrations for various periods of time at room temperature. The Si-H and N-H infrared absorption peaks decreased, while the Si-O-Si peaks increased, and the nitrogen content decreased from 33.6 to 0.5 atomic%, suggesting that PHPS-to-silica conversion occurs on the exposure treatment. The refractive index decreased from 1.56 to 1.48, and the contact angle decreased from 94 to 67° on the exposure treatment. The changes in infrared absorption spectra and in refractive index were more significant when the as-deposited PHPS film was suspended over aqueous ammonia of higher concentrations, indicating that the use of aqueous ammonia of higher concentrations for exposure treatment is more effective in PHPS-to-silica conversion. As the PHPS-to-silica conversion proceeded, the durability of the films in hot water increased, evidenced in both series of films subjected to the exposure for various periods of time and those suspended over aqueous ammonia of various concentrations. When the exposed film was fired at 900°C, the nitrogen content further decreased from 0.5 to 0.01 atomic%, the refractive index decreased from 1.48 to 1.45, and the contact angle decreased from 67 to 29°, all of which approached those of pure and dense silica glass. These changes observed on firing suggest that the silica thin films obtained by the exposure treatment at room temperature are not identical to pure and dense silica glass.
Steady rimming flows with surface tension (2008)

We examine steady flows of a thin film of viscous fluid on the inside of a cylinder with horizontal axis, rotating about this axis. If the amount of fluid in the cylinder is sufficiently small, all of it is entrained by rotation and the film is distributed more or less evenly. For medium amounts, the fluid accumulates on the ‘rising’ side of the cylinder and, for large ones, pools at the cylinder's bottom. The paper examines rimming flows with a pool affected by weak surface tension. Using the lubrication approximation and the method of matched asymptotics, we find a solution describing the pool, the ‘outer’ region, and two transitional regions, one of which includes a variable (depending on the small parameter) number of asymptotic zones.
A distillation method for the quantitative determination of malonaldehyde in rancid foods (1960)

Summary An improved distillation method is described for the quantitative determination of malonaldehyde in foods containing oxidized fats. The procedure is compared with other methods in current use for the determination of malonaldehyde. A high correlation of TBA numbers with rancid odor in cooked meats was established.
Visual correction of keratoconus with soft contact lenses. (1981)

Soft contact lenses were fitted on 96 eyes of 52 patients suffering from keratoconus. The visual acuity of 66 eyes was 4/10 or better with soft contact lenses alone. The amount of astigmatism corrected with soft contact lenses varied between 1.50 and 8.00 D, with an average of 2.80 D. Sixteen eyes had a residual astigmatism. Correcting this astigmatism with spectacles resulted in improved visual acuity, and finally, 71 eyes, or 74%, had a visual acuity 4/10 or better. Soft contact lenses of three manufacturers, Bausch & Lomb (the C series), Nusyte, and Bioflex, were used. Thicker lenses corrected more astigmatism and provided an improved visual acuity, especially the C series lenses of Bausch & Lomb, which presented certain advantages in visual correction of keratoconus patients.
<i>Specificity of Cone Connections in the Retina and Color Vision.</i>Focus on “Specificity of Cone Inputs to Macaque Retinal Ganglion Cells” (2006)

The specificity of cone inputs to ganglion cells has implications for the development of retinal connections and the nature of information transmitted to higher areas of the brain. We introduce a rapid and precise method for measuring signs and magnitudes of cone inputs to visual neurons. Colors of stimuli are modulated around circumferences of three color planes in clockwise and counterclockwise directions. For each neuron, the projection of the preferred vector in each plane was estimated by averaging the response phases to clockwise and counterclockwise modulation. The signs and weights of cone inputs were derived directly from the preferred vectors. The efficiency of the method enables us to measure cone inputs at different temporal frequencies and short-wavelength-sensitive (S) cone adaptation levels. The results show that S-cone inputs to the parvocellular and magnocellular ganglion cells are negligible, which implies underlying connectional specificity in the retinal circuitry.
Signal Transduction via MHC Class‐I Molecules in T cells (1994)

SUMMARY The data reviewed in this paper, suggest that besides their role in presentation of antigenic pcptides to T cells, MHC‐I molecules may play an important role in the fine‐tuning of signal transmission across the cell membrane by their associations with a variety of cell‐surface receptors regulating cell growth and differentiation.
FULL-SCALE WIND-TUNNEL INVESTIGATION OF A FLEXIBLE-WING MANNED TEST VEHICLE (1963)

c k o f 420 and w a s 1.24 w i t h power o f f and 1.33 with power on.The maximum l i f t -d r a g r a t i o vas about 5.5.
Superbroadening in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>O and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">D</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>O by self-focused picosecond pulses from a YAlG: Nd laser (1977)

The dielectric breakdown intensity threshold, the critical power for self-focusing, and the power threshold for the production of spectral superbroadening have been measured in ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$O. For bandwidth limited pulses of 30 psec duration at 1.06 \ensuremath{\mu}m, and 21 psec duration at 0.53 \ensuremath{\mu}m, the superbroadening in water always required power levels sufficient for catastrophic self-focusing and intensities equal to the electric breakdown threshold.
[Preparation of CdSe nanoparticle-deposited TiO2 nanobelts and their visible-light photocatalysis]. (2011)

A series of CdSe nanoparticle-deposited anatase TiO2 nanobelts were prepared by hydrothermal process. Their crystal structures, morphologies, depositing content of CdSe and visible-light photocatalytic activities were characterized using various measurement techniques. The measurement results show that the CdSe nanoparticles with zinc blende face-center-cubic structure and controlled content have deposited on anatase TiO2 nanobelts; the special surface areas of the products become lower in comparison with that of TiO2 nanobelts due to the deposited CdSe, whereas their visible-light absorptions exhibit much more obviously. The visible-light photocatalytic activities in degradation of rhodamine B solution demonstrate that the products with excess depositing content of CdSe nanoparticles and existence of NH3 molecules on the surface, show much lower photodegrada tion activities. On the contrary, the products with less CdSe nanoparticles and less NH3 molecules exhibit much higher photodegradation activities.
Mechanisms and Treatment of Neuropathic Pain (2009)

Neuropathic pain (pain associated with lesions or dysfunction of nervous system) is relatively common, occurring in about 1% of the population. Studies in animal models describe a number of peripheral and central pathophysiological processes after nerve injury that would be the basis of underlying neuropathic pain mechanism. A change in function, chemistry, and structures of neurons (neural plasticity) underlie the production of the altered sensitivity characteristics of neuropathic pain. Peripheral sensitization acts on the nociceptors, and central sensitization takes place at various levels ranging from the dorsal horn to the brain. In addition, abnormal interactions between the sympathetic and sensory pathways contribute to mechanisms mediating neuropathic pain. Despite recent advances in identification of peripheral and central sensitization mechanisms related to nervous system injury, the effective treatment of patients suffering from neuropathic pain remains a clinical challenge. Although numerous treatment options are available for relieving neuropathic pain, there is no consensus on the most appropriate treatment. However, recommendations can be proposed for first-line, second-line, and third-line pharmacological treatments based on the level of evidence for the different treatment strategies. Beside opioids, the available therapies shown to be effective in managing neuropathic pain include anticonvulsants, antidepressants, topical treatments (lidocaine patch, capsaicin), and ketamine. Tricyclic antidepressants are often the first drugs selected to alleviate neuropathic pain (first-line pharmacological treatment). Although they are very effective in reducing pain in several neuropathic pain disorders, treatment may be compromised (and outweighed) by their side effects. In patients with a history of cardiovascular disorders, glaucoma, and urine retention, pregabalin and gabapentine are emerging as first-line treatment for neuropathic pain. In addition these anti-epileptic drugs have a favourable safety profile with minimal concerns regarding drug interactions and showing no interference with hepatic enzymes. Despite the numerous treatment options available for relieving neuropathic pain, the most appropriate treatment strategy is only able to reduce pain in 70% of these patients. In the remaining patients, combination therapies using two or more analgesics with different mechanisms of action may also offer adequate pain relief. Although combination treatment is clinical practice and may result in greater pain relief, trials regarding different combinations of analgesics are lacking (which combination to use, occurrence of additive or supra-additive effects, sequential or concurrent treatment, adverse-event profiles of these analgesics, alone and in combination) are lacking. Additionally, 10% of patients still experience intractable pain and are refractory to all forms of pharmacotherapy. If medical treatments fail, invasive therapies such as intrathecal drug administration and neurosurgical interventions may be considered.
NBM-T-BMX-OS01, an Osthole Derivative, Sensitizes Human Lung Cancer A549 Cells to Cisplatin through AMPK-Dependent Inhibition of ERK and Akt Pathway (2015)

Taken together, this study provides that BMX might modulate cisplatin resistance through AMPK-ERK and AMPK-Akt pathways. These results also support the role of BMX as a potential drug candidate for use in combination with cisplatin in the treatment of human lung cancer.
Electric and Magnetic Dipole Coupling in Near-Infrared Split-Ring Metamaterial Arrays (2009)

We present experimental observations of strong electric and magnetic interactions between split ring resonators (SRRs) in metamaterials. We fabricated near-infrared planar metamaterials with different inter-SRR spacings along different directions. Our transmission measurements show blueshifts and redshifts of the magnetic resonance, depending on SRR orientation relative to the lattice. The shifts agree well with simultaneous magnetic and electric near-field dipole coupling. We also find large broadening of the resonance, accompanied by a decrease in effective cross section per SRR with increasing density due to superradiant scattering. Our data shed new light on Lorentz-Lorenz approaches to metamaterials.
Topical application of cyclosporine on guinea pig allergic contact dermatitis (1988)

• Topical cyclosporine applied to the test site substantially inhibited the elicitation reaction of contact sensitivity in the guinea pigs previously sensitized with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). This suppressive effect of the drug was short lived and reversible. Cyclosporine was not effective when given six hours or later after antigenic challenge to the test site. Cyclosporine had no effect on the toxic contact reaction in normal animals either to croton oil or to DNCB in high concentration. Cyclosporine applied topically to the challenge site also resulted in a reduction of retest and flare-up reactions of contact sensitivity to DNCB, but did not affect the production of generalized rash in the same animals. These results indicate that in the future local topical application of cyclosporine may make treatment of human cutaneous immune-mediated disorders a possibility without serious side effects. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>1988;124:907-910)
Painting multiple views of complex objects (1990)

This paper reviews and illustrates a direct manipulation approach to visualization of complex objects called painting multiple views . We describe a programming model for direct manipulation in general and for painting in particular, based on simple constraints between entities in an the underlying scientific database and the components of displays used to examine the data. With this model, the original notion of “brushing scatterplots” is easily extended.