gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A model for phosphate glass topology considering the modifying ion sub-network (2014)

In the present paper we establish a temperature dependent constraint model of alkali phosphate glasses considering the structural and topological role of the modifying ion sub-network constituted by alkali ions and their non-bonding oxygen coordination spheres. The model is consistent with available structural data by NMR and molecular dynamics simulations and with dynamic data such glass transition temperature (Tg) and liquid fragility (m). Alkali phosphate glasses are exemplary systems for developing constraint model since the modifying cation network plays an important role besides the primary phosphate network. The proposed topological model predicts the changing trend of the Tg and m with increasing alkali oxide content for alkali phosphate glasses, including an anomalous minimum at around 20 mol.% alkali oxide content. We find that the minimum in Tg and m is caused by increased connectivity of the modifying ion sub-network, as the alkali ions must share non-bonding oxygen to satisfy their coordination requirements at higher alkali oxide contents. We argue that the systematically decreasing the Tg values of alkali phosphate glasses from Li2O to Na2O to Cs2O could be caused by a weakening of the modifying ion sub-network and can be accounted for by lower constraint onset temperatures.
Review of: "Ge-Source Based L-Shaped Tunnel Field Effect Transistor for Low Power Switching Application" (2021)

Potential competing interests: The author(s)
DEVELOPMENT OF HDL ARTIFICIAL HEART (1969)

An implantable flueric-amplifier-controlled artificial heart has been developed. Clinical evaluations of the various models of this heart have been made. An early version of the implantable heart demonstrated its ability to substitute successfully for a calf's heart for periods up to 24 hr. A more advanced version demonstrated its ability to substitute for a calf's heart for periods up to 51 hr. This same model demonstrated to a lesser degree its various capabilities on miniature pigs. The latest version, which was developed to overcome some of the problems previously encountered in the various clinical experiments, has demonstrated its improved performance in engineering tests. These test results indicate that the design principles are valid. This report summarizes the development of the last four models of the HDL implantable heart. The engineering and medical evaluations of each model are discussed.
A tunable x-band substrate integrated waveguide cavity filter using reconfigurable liquid-metal perturbing posts (2015)

A tunable bandpass filter based on reconfigurable liquid-metal perturbing posts in a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity is demonstrated. The design consists of four reconfigurable posts in a single cavity which provide five center frequencies from 10.13 GHz to 11.31 GHz. To enable frequency tuning, nontoxic liquid-metal Galinstan is hydraulically actuated to activate and deactivate posts. The five states have an average peak insertion loss of 1.35 dB with fractional bandwidths of 0.6% to 1% and unloaded quality factors of 96 to 154.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oligoamide Compounds and Their Functions (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Branched-Chain Fatty Acids. XVII. Synthesis of two Trimethylalkanoic Acids. Certain Relationships of Boiling Point and Index of Refraction to Structure (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBranched-Chain Fatty Acids. XVII. Synthesis of two Trimethylalkanoic Acids. Certain Relationships of Boiling Point and Index of Refraction to StructureJames Cason, Norman L. Allinger, Gene Sumrell, and David E. WilliamsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1951, 16, 7, 1170–1176Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo50001a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo50001a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adaptive multicast routing method for 3D mesh-based Networks-on-Chip (2014)

The amalgamation of 3D VLSI technology and Networks-on-Chip (NoCs) offers a promising architectural platform for the future Multi-Processor Systems-on-Chip (MPSoCs). Since multicast communication is frequently exploited in such systems, it is highly desirable to design NoC-based routing methods that support multicast. In this paper, a highly adaptive and deadlock-free multicast routing method is proposed for 3D mesh-based NoCs without using virtual channels. Unlike conventional turn models which prohibit certain turns to avoid deadlock, the proposed scheme restricts the locations where certain turns can take place to provide a more even degree of routing adaptiveness. Moreover, different sets of rules are employed for different layers of the NoC to decrease the likelihood of congestion in the network. The simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method due to a balanced traffic distribution across the network.
Determination of electro-optical coefficients of 2-Methyl-4-Nitroaniline (1991)

The electro-optical constants of 2-Methyl-4-Nitroaniline crystals are measured at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. The results confirm the measurements made by Lipscomb, Garito, and R. S. Narang [J. Chem. Phys. 75, 1509 (1981)] for the first time and settle the descrepency between Tokura, Kurita, and Koda experiment [Phys. Rev. B 31, 2588 (1985)] and Lipscomb, Garito, and R. S. Narang.
Electrical Properties of Silver Photodoped Amorphous Red Phosphorus (1990)

Abstract Effects of photodoping and thermal doping of silver into sputtered amorphous red phosphorus films (a-Pred) on the electrical properties are studied. The d. c. efectrical conductivity of the photodoped a-pred at room temperature is about 1×10−5 Scm−1 which is a very high value comparing with that of the undoped a-pred (1×10−14 Scm−1). The activation energy for the conduction of the photodoped a-Pred is lower than that of the a-pred. In contrast, the activation energy of the thermally doped a-pred is essentially the same as that of the undoped a-pred. SEM-EDX analyses show that colloidal silver was deposited in the thermally doped a-pred but not in the photodoped a-pred. It seems that the photo-doping involves the ionization process of silver by illumination, i.e., Ago → Ag+ + e−.
Can complex network metrics predict the behavior of NBA teams? (2008)

The United States National Basketball Association (NBA) is one of the most popular sports league in the world and is well known for moving a millionary betting market that uses the countless statistical data generated after each game to feed the wagers. This leads to the existence of a rich historical database that motivates us to discover implicit knowledge in it. In this paper, we use complex network statistics to analyze the NBA database in order to create models to represent the behavior of teams in the NBA. Results of complex network-based models are compared with box score statistics, such as points, rebounds and assists per game. We show the box score statistics play a significant role for only a small fraction of the players in the league. We then propose new models for predicting a team success based on complex network metrics, such as clustering coefficient and node degree. Complex network-based models present good results when compared to box score statistics, which underscore the importance of capturing network relationships in a community such as the NBA.
Effects of Iron Oxidation State on the Fate and Behavior of Potassium in Soils (1994)

Potassium (K) is one of the most important plant nutrients in soils, and has been studied extensively. Despite much study and diligent efforts, the fundamental chemical and physical phenomena that govern its fate, movement, and availability to plants in soils have yet to be characterized fully. This chapter reviews the present state of knowledge of the role of Iron (Fe) oxidation state in determining K availability in soils. The initial Fe2+ content of the soil clays was similar to smectite API 25, ranging from 3% to 10% of their total Fe. E. M. Khaled and J. W. Stucki also offered the following sample calculation showing the potentially great effect of oxidation state on the availability of K in soils. The Fithian illite sample behaved very differently from the smectites. The Fe2+ and fixed K contents in the reduced and reoxidized samples were measured with each cycle, and varied depending on the mineralogy.
Cytokine and Chemokine Based Control of HIV Infection and Replication (2001)

HIV infects and propagates into CD4+ T lymphocytes and macrophages, although many other cell types play an important role in virus spreading and pathogenesis. In addition to regulatory viral proteins, the cytokine network has early been implicated as a major controller of the plastic capacity of HIV to spread productively or rather remain silently integrated in the chromosomes of infected cells. The recent discovery of CCR5 and CXCR4 as essential entry co-receptors together with CD4 has highlighted a novel and potentially important step in the pharmacological hunt for more effective antiviral agents. In addition to regulate HIV expression and replication, several cytokines have demonstrated the capacity of up- or down-modulating chemokine receptors including CCR5 and CXCR4 with the consequence of influencing the susceptibility of T cells and macrophages to HIV infection. Pharmacological agents such as pertussis toxin B-oligomer have demonstrated HIV suppressive effects via non competitive binding of CCR5, whereas interferons or interleukin-16 (IL-16) can prevent post-entry steps in HIV expression. At the clinical level, several cytokines or their receptors are useful markers for monitoring disease progression and its consequence on the immune system. Cytokine-based therapy represents a realistic complementary approach to traditional antiretroviral therapy potentially capable of restoring important adaptive or innate immune functions ultimately curtailing HIV spreading and its consequences on the immune system, as exemplified by the experimental clinical use of IL-2.
Exhaustive Scanning Approach to Screen All the Mitochondrial tRNA Genes for Mutations and Its Application to the Investigation of 35 Independent Patients with Mitochondrial Disorders (1998)

To gain a better understanding of the molecular basisof mitochondrial (mt) encephalomyopathies, a highly heterogeneous condition, we developed a denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis-based approach that allows rapid and exhaustive screening for mutations of all 22 mt tRNA-encoding genes and their flanking regions in large cohorts of patients. This method, that detects heteroplasmy (i.e. co-existence of mutant and wild-type mtDNA species in various ratios) directly, was applied to the investigation of 35 independent patients with a disease phenotype compatible with a mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Twenty-five of the 35 patients investigated displayed a sequence variation in at least one tRNA gene. A total of 46 different sequence variations (41 point mutations, four short insertions and one short deletion), among which 20 are new, were characterized. Forty of them were present in a homoplasmic state, whereas six were heteroplasmic. Twenty-two were located in tRNA genes, among which 10 are new homoplasmic or heteroplasmic sequence variations; 24 were located in flanking regions (12 in mRNA-encoding genes, seven of them leading to missense sequence variations; two in rRNA genes; and 10 in non-coding regions). This study demonstrates (i) the high frequency of homoplasmic tRNA gene sequence variations in our patient sample, and (ii) the existence of several polymorphic sites in tRNA gene regions that may be helpful for defining haplogroups in different populations. It relies on a screening method that can now be applied easily to other population samples.
Purification of ADP-ribosylated nuclear proteins by covalent chromatography on dihydroxyboryl polyacrylamide beads and their characterization. (1978)

Nuclear proteins modified by mono or poly ADP-ribosylation were selectively isolated and purified by covalent chromatography on a dihydroxyboryl polyacrylamide bead column that specifically interacts with cis-diol-containing compounds. From rat liver nuclei that had been incubated with NAD+, histones and some nonhistone proteins were extracted with 0.25 M HCl. Approximately 60% of the ADP-ribose incorporated into 20% trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material was recovered in this extract. The ADP-ribosylated material was then isolated from the extract by covalent chromatography on a borate gel column and further purified by carboxymethylcellulose column chromatography. As judged by electrophoretic mobilities in various gel systems and by amino acid compositions, approximately 50% of the ADP-ribose recovered in the carboxymethylcellulose fractions was associated with several nonhistone proteins with molecular weights of 2-6 x 10(4), while 35% aand 15% were associated with histones H2B and H1, respectively. Since the average chain length of the polymer bound to any of these proteins was less than two ADP-ribos-l units, the percentage distribution reflects the number of ADP-ribosylated sites rather than the chain length.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 22‐Hydroxy‐22‐isoxazolinylsteroids. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Anwendungserfahrungen (1995)

Die Prozeßkostenrechnung ist in Deutschland bisher vorwiegend in Fertigungsbetrieben eingesetzt worden370. Dort ist sie bereichsübergreifend angewandt worden371. Sie ersetzt bei den bisherigen Anwendungen jedoch nicht die für die direkten Bereiche der Fertigungsbetriebe typische Grenzplankostenrechnung, sondern wird als additive Methodik für die direkten Leistungsbereiche aufgefaßt.
Testing drug response in the presence of genetic information (2001)

aWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK and bCase Wester Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA Correspondence to Lon R. Cardon, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK Tel: +44 1865 287 587; fax: +44 1865 287 650; e-mail: [email protected]
Case 33-1990 (1990)

Presentation of CaseA 72-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea.The patient was well until two days earlier, when crampy epigastric pain developed. She was seen at another hospital, where fluids were administered by vein, and she was sent home 12 hours later. The abdominal pain waxed and waned. On the day of admission the pain was more severe, and nausea and diarrhea developed; she came to this hospital.The patient was a native of China who had spent much of her life in Hong Kong and immigrated to the United States . . .
Viral information (2012)

Viruses are major drivers of global biogeochemistry and the etiological agents of many diseases. They are also the winners in the game of life: there are more viruses on the planet than cellular organisms and they encode most of the genetic diversity on the planet. In fact, it is reasonable to view life as a viral incubator. Nevertheless, most ecological and evolutionary theories were developed, and continue to be developed, without considering the virosphere. This means these theories need to be to reinterpreted in light of viral knowledge or we need to develop new theory from the viral point-of-view. Here we briefly introduce our viral planet and then address a major outstanding question in biology: why is most of life viral? A key insight is that during an infection cycle the original virus is completely broken down and only the associated information is passed on to the next generation. This is different for cellular organisms, which must pass on some physical part of themselves from generation to generation. Based on this premise, it is proposed that the thermodynamic consequences of physical information (e.g., Landauer's principle) are observed in natural viral populations. This link between physical and genetic information is then used to develop the Viral Information Hypothesis, which states that genetic information replicates itself to the detriment of system energy efficiency (i.e., is viral in nature). Finally, we show how viral information can be tested, and illustrate how this novel view can explain existing ecological and evolutionary theories from more fundamental principles.
“Encephalomyeloneuritis” in the absence of cancer (1975)

An elderly man presented with signs and symptoms indicating a rapidly progressive central and peripheral nervous system disease, which led to death within 3 months. The pathologic picture was that of a "paraneoplastic" encephalomyelitis and neuritis, but no cancer could be found. Supratentorial predilection for the limbic structures correlated well with an observed limbic dementia. Arguments favoring a direct toxic or metabolic effect of cancer as a cause for this syndrome was less convincing in view of this report.
Direction of Translation and Size of Bacteriophage φX174 Cistrons (1972)

Translation of the bacteriophage phiX174 genome follows cistron order D-E-F-G-H-A-B-C. To establish this, the position of a nonsense mutation on the genetic map was compared with the physical size (molecular weight) of the appropriate protein fragment generated in nonpermissive cells. Distances on the phiX174 genetic map and distances on a physical map constructed from the molecular weights of phiX174 proteins and protein fragments are proportional over most of the genome with the exception of the high recombination region within cistron A.
LEED-AES Observations of 7 K- and 80 K-phase Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Single Crystals (1989)

LEED and AES observations were made on the clean surfaces of 7 K- and 80 K-phase Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O single crystals. It is clear that the surface structure of the 7 K-phase crystal is the same as that of the 80 K-phase crystal. The clean surfaces of the specimens are very stable without any adsorption of CO 2 and O 2 gases. However, in light of the fact that the intensity of carbon becomes greater in the AES spectrum after baking a chamber, the active carbon compounds are thought to be adsorbed on the clean surfaces of the 7 K- and 80 K-phase single crystals.
Trafficking of β2-adrenergic receptors: insulin and β-agonists regulate internalization by distinct cytoskeletal pathways (2004)

Insulin and beta-adrenergic agonists stimulate a rapid phosphorylation and sequestration of the beta2-adrenergic receptors (beta2ARs). Although the expectation was that a common pathway would be involved in the trafficking of the beta2AR in response to either hormone, studies reported herein show the existence of unique cytoskeletal requirements for internalization/recycling of G-protein-coupled receptors, such as the beta2AR. Treatment of human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells with nocodazole, which binds tubulin monomer in vivo and catalyzes the depolymerization of microtubules, effectively blocks beta-adrenergic agonist-induced, but not insulin-induced, sequestration of beta2ARs. Treatment with latrunculin-A, an agent that sequesters actin monomer and leads to loss of actin filaments, had no effect on the ability of beta-adrenergic agonists to stimulate internalization of beta2ARs, but blocked the ability of insulin to stimulate counterregulation of beta2ARs via internalization. Although nocodazole had no effect on insulin-stimulated sequestration of beta2ARs, the recycling of the internalized receptors to the cell membrane was sensitive to depolymerization of microtubules by this agent. Latrunculin-A, by contrast, blocks the recycling of beta2ARs internalized in response to beta-agonist, while attenuating recycling of receptors internalized in response to insulin stimulation. These data show the existence of unique cytoskeletal requirements for G-protein-coupled-receptor trafficking in response to agonist compared with a counterregulatory hormone, and for sequestration versus recycling of the receptors to the cell membrane.
Transparent Autonomization in Composite Systems (2018)

CONTENTS 9.1 Introduction................................................................................................169 9.2 Web Services Background ........................................................................171 9.3 Transparent Application Integration ......................................................173 9.4 Transparent Shaping Mechanisms ..........................................................175 9.5 Case Study: Fault-Tolerant Surveillance ................................................178
Composite of TiN Nanoparticles and Few‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Its Application to the Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2011)

Nanoparticles meet nanotubes! Direct synthesis of TiN nanoparticles in a three-dimensional network of few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWCNTs) was achieved by using mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (C 3N 4) as both a hard template and a nitrogen source. The TiN/FWCNT composite showed high performance for the oxygen reduction reaction in acidic media. © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Natural Course of Small Nodular Lesions with Intranodular Preserved Portal Supply in Cirrhotic Liver (2007)

Nodules with preserved portal perfusion in cirrhotic liver have a low risk of malignant transformation compared with the surrounding liver parenchyma.