gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Assessment of Food Preferences and Aversions Acquired by Blackbirds via Observational Learning (1984)

Abstract Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) can acquire food preferences and aversions merely by observing conspecifics. In Experiment 1, red-wings were trained to prefer or avoid food paired with yellow, as conspecifics watched. After training, all birds were given two-choice tests between food paired with yellow or green for 12 days. Trainers were tested in visual isolation, whereas watchers were tested either in visual isolation or in visual contact with birds who had observed the opposite behavior during training. Food aversions were more resistant to extinction than food preferences (P < 0.05), and, among watchers, social cues facilitated avoidance (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, red-wings were trained to avoid food paired with yellow, as Common Grackles (Quiscalus quiscula) and red-wings watched, or vice versa, and then two-choice tests were given between yellow and green. Both grackles and red-wings exhibited observational learning, regardless of the training species (P's < 0.05). Social interactions among avian predators may influence how predator abundance affects the Batesian model-mimic complex. We speculate that avoidance learning, which occurs when a predator observes the ingestion of a model, is stronger than preference learning, which occurs when a mimic is ingested. Relatively few models would be needed for the model-mimic complex to operate successfully, and the number of mimics could exceed the number of models without jeopardizing the mimetic advantage.
SOME FUNCTIONS OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS OF MOSQUITOES AND OTHER BLOOD-FEEDING INSECTS (1964)

Tests for anticoagulating, agglutinating, and lytic factors were performed on the gut contents of blood engorged specimens and on the salivary gland homogenates of several species of mosquitoes and other blood-feeding insects. The results suggest that these factors are commonly present in the salivary glands but may vary in concentration with the species. The anticoagulin was absent in female Aedes aegypti whose salivary ducts had been cut; some of the duct-cut insects had difficulty in probing, but were able to produce viable eggs and to feed again. The utilization of the blood meal in the absence of saliva is discussed.
Microporomechanical modeling of shale (2009)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, February 2010.
Upper Limit for the Critical Field in Hard Superconductors (1962)

An examination is presented of some recent reports dealing with the extremely high critical fields in certain hard superconductors. Observations of nuclear magnetic resonance in V/sub 3/Si and V/sub 3/Ga are shown to set a severe upper limit on the attainable critical field because of a reduction in the spin susceptibility of these materials in the superconducting state. Equations are derived for the maximum critical field using this limiting criterion. A table of maximum and estimated critical fields is presented for V/sub 2.95/ Ga, Nb/sub 3/ Sn, V/sub 3/Si, and V/sub 1.95/ Ga. It is concluded that the critical fields for these BETA -wolfran compounds are so high that they may be effectively limited at low temperatures by the normal-state paramagnetism. If this is the case, critical fields higher than about 300 kilogauss will not be realized unless materials can be discovered with high transition temperatures. (H.D.R.)
Hole transport in a molecularly doped polymer: <i>p</i>-diethylaminobenzaldehyde-diphenyl hydrazone in polycarbonate (1986)

Hole-drift-mobility measurements are presented for a molecularly doped polymer, p-diethylaminobenzaldehyde-diphenyl hydrazone in polycarbonate, over the widest temperature (213–373 K) and electric-field range (3.3–111 V/μm) yet reported. Use of these data and graphical techniques which we introduce allow us to unambiguously determine for the first time the functional form of the electric field and temperature dependence of the mobility. Consistent with results obtained by others, the observed field dependence cannot be accounted for by any known hopping model. The observed temperature dependence suggests that the activation energy may be temperature dependent.
The multiplate antenna (1966)

The multiplate technique is a method of antenna design that is intended to allow the economical construction of very large antennas. The aperture area is divided into a large number of reflectors that can be adjusted in orientation and height. These plates are positioned so that energy from a desired direction is redirected to be added at the focus. In this paper an analysis of the effects caused by the interstices in a multiple plate antenna is presented. The loss due to gaps and shadowing, the variation in effective receiving cross section, and the radiation pattern are determined. The bandwidth properties of this type of antenna are analyzed, and methods for reducing the effect of frequency dispersion on the pattern are presented. A short discussion of the components of a 2500-ft multiplate antenna is included.
A controlled trial of a low sodium, low fat, high fibre diet in treated hypertensive patients: effect on antihypertensive drug requirement in clinical practice. (1991)

The effect of a low sodium, low fat, high fibre diet in allowing a reduction of antihypertensive medication was compared with the effect produced by the individual components of this diet in an observer-blind controlled trial using 196 patients with essential hypertension. Patients were followed up 1.5 months after the last change in medication. In the control group a 33% reduction in medication was possible, with 24% of patients off medication altogether. The low fat, high fibre and low sodium groups showed larger reductions in medication (38%, 47% and 45% respectively), but not significant compared with the control group. The combination group had the largest and highly significant medication reduction (64%), and significantly more patients stopped medication (57.5%), compared with the control group. Since compliance assessment closely corresponded to normal clinical practice these results should represent what is possible in routine clinical practice. This is of importance as drug treatment has side effects, and may be associated with increased cardiovascular risk not found with dietary alternatives.
Statistics in Liberal Arts Education (1985)

Abstract Statistics has not been a part of the typical liberal arts curriculum. After an examination of some central features of both liberal arts education and statistics, it is argued that statistics can play a strong role in liberal arts education, in part because of the advances that have taken place in computer technology.
Fine Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci Using Linkage Disequilibria With Closely Linked Marker Loci (2000)

A multimarker linkage disequilibrium mapping method was developed for the fine mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) using a dense marker map. The method compares the expected covariances between haplotype effects given a postulated QTL position to the covariances that are found in the data. The expected covariances between the haplotype effects are proportional to the probability that the QTL position is identical by descent (IBD) given the marker haplotype information, which is calculated using the genedropping method. Simulation results showed that a QTL was correctly positioned within a region of 3, 1.5, or 0.75 cM in 70, 62, and 68%, respectively, of the replicates using markers spaced at intervals of 1, 0.5, and 0.25 cM, respectively. These results were rather insensitive to the number of generations since the QTL occurred and to the effective population size, except that 10 generations yielded rather poor estimates of the QTL position. The position estimates of this multimarker disequilibrium mapping method were more accurate than those from a single marker transmission disequilibrium test. A general approach for identifying QTL is suggested, where several stages of disequilibrium mapping are used with increasingly dense marker spacing.
The effect of first-line imatinib interim therapy on the outcome of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in adults with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2005)

Previously, we suggested that imatinib incorporation into conventional chemotherapy as an alternative (imatinib interim therapy) might be a useful strategy for bridging the time to allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) for newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph(+) ALL). Here, we provide an updated report on this strategy in 29 patients. At the time of enrollment, 23 patients (79.3%) achieved complete remission (CR). After the first imatinib cycle, the median breakpoint cluster region-Abelson oncogene locus (BCR-ABL)/ABL ratios decreased by 0.77 log in 25 (86.2%) responders, and their BCR-ABL/ABL ratios decreased further by 0.34 log after the second imatinib cycle, which included 7 molecular CR. One patient (4.3%) relapsed during the imatinib therapy. The remaining 3 patients were primarily refractory to both imatinib and chemotherapy. Twenty-five (86.2%) of the 29 patients received transplants in first CR. With a median follow-up duration of 25 months after SCT, the 3-year estimated probabilities of relapse, nonrelapse mortality, disease-free survival, and overall survival were 3.8%, 18.7%, 78.1%, and 78.1%, respectively. In comparison to our historical control data, first-line imatinib interim therapy appears to provide a good quality of CR and a survival advantage for patients with Ph(+) ALL. Further long-term follow-up is needed to validate the results of this study.
Packing forces in nine crystal forms of cutinase. (1998)

During the characterization of mutants and covalently inhibited complexes of Fusarium solani cutinase, nine different crystal forms have been obtained so far. Protein mutants with a different surface charge distribution form new intermolecular salt bridges or long-range electrostatic interactions that are accompanied by a change in the crystal packing. The whole protein surface is involved in the packing contacts and the hydrophobicities of the protein surfaces in mutual contact turned out to be noncorrelated, which indicates that the packing interactions are nonspecific. In the case of the hydrophobic variants, the packing contacts showed some specificity, as the protein in the crystal tends to form either crystallographic or noncrystallographic dimers, which shield the hydrophobic surface from the solvent. The likelihood of surface atoms to be involved in a crystal contact is the same for both polar and nonpolar atoms. However, when taking areas in the 200-600 A2 range, instead of individual atoms, the either highly hydrophobic or highly polar surface regions were found to have an increased probability of establishing crystal lattice contacts. The protein surface surrounding the active-site crevice of cutinase constitutes a large hydrophobic area that is involved in packing contacts in all the various crystalline contexts.
Optimal ACK mechanisms of the IEEE 802.15.3 MAC for ultra-wideband systems (2006)

Ultra-wideband (UWB) transmission is an emerging wireless technology for future short-range indoor and outdoor multimedia applications. To coordinate the access to the wireless medium among the competing devices, the IEEE 802.15.3 medium access control (MAC) is proposed for short-range high-speed wireless personal area networks (WPANs) in the IEEE 802.15.3a task group. In the MAC, three acknowledgment (ACK) mechanisms are adopted during channel time allocation for error control over the error-prone wireless channel: No-ACK, Immediate-ACK (Imm-ACK), and Delayed-ACK (Dly-ACK). Frames received with errors can be retransmitted in the Imm-ACK and Dly-ACK mechanisms. However, how to optimally use these ACK mechanisms during channel time allocation is still an open issue. In this paper, we investigate how to configure the ACK mechanism parameters in order to achieve optimal throughput performance. We first formulate the throughput optimization problem for a contention-free channel time allocation under error channel condition. We then apply the three ACK mechanisms in the contention access period, to optimize the channel throughput. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our investigation.
[A comparative study of the efficacy of medamine, albendazole and embovin in models of syphaciasis and aspiculariasis]. (1995)

The study covers the study of three antinematodal agents: the original national drug medamine with albendazole and embovin (pyrathel pamoate), which have been reproduced at the E. I. Martsinovskiĭ Institute of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, with murine Syphacia obvelata and Aspiculuris tetraptera infection models. The quantitative parameters of the anthelmintic action of medamine, albendazole and embivin were comparatively defined for the first time.
Transcriptional Regulation of EGR1 by EGF and the ERK Signaling Pathway in Prostate Cancer Cells (2011)

The early growth response gene 1, EGR1, is an important transcriptional regulator and acts as the convergent point between a variety of extracellular stimuli and activation of target genes. Unlike other tumor types, prostate tumors express high levels of EGR1 relative to normal tissues. However, the mechanism of EGR1 regulation in prostate tumor cells is unknown. As EGR1 expression and epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling are frequently upregulated in prostate tumors, we tested the hypothesis that EGF induces EGR1 expression in prostate cancer cells. Using RT-PCR to quantify EGR1 transcripts, we found that EGF induced EGR1 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner and the ERK pathway inhibitor, PD98059, abrogated the EGF-mediated EGR1 response in LNCaP and PC3 cells. Analysis of the EGR1 promoter using deletion constructs identified an EGF-responsive region in the proximal promoter (-771 to -245 bp) containing 3 potential serum response element (SRE) sites. In vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that Elk-1 binding at the SRE sites of the EGR1 promoter was enhanced by EGF treatment in PC3 cells. Overexpression of Elk-1 was sufficient to activate the EGF-responsive region of EGR1 promoter in PC3 cells and, similarly, a dominant-negative Elk-1 suppressed EGR1 promoter activity. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that EGR1 expression in PC3 cells is mediated through an EGF-ERK-Elk-1 signaling cascade.
HER/ErbB receptor interactions and signaling patterns in human mammary epithelial cells (2009)

Our study shows that clone cell libraries can be a powerful resource in systems biology research by making it possible to differentiate between various hypotheses in a consistent cellular background. Using our constructed clone library we profiled the cell signaling patterns to establish the role of HER2 in the crosstalk between EGFR and HER3 receptors in HME cells. Our results for HME cells show that the weak linkage between EGFR and HER3 pathways can lead to distinct downstream cellular signaling patterns in response to the ligands of these two receptors.
Some aspects of array signal processing (1992)

The paper presents an overview of some important aspects of array signal processing in the context of narrowband applications. Inverse methods for solving the array signal processing problem are reviewed. Two case studies are presented, to illustrate the various issues discussed here. The first case study presents a comparison of various array signal processing algorithms; computer simulated data are used to conduct this study. The second study relates to the angle-of-arrival estimation problem in a low-angle tracking radar environment; the results presented for this case study are based on experimental data obtained by means of a sophisticated 32-element array system. Different kinds of nonuniformly spaced linear arrays are also reviewed, with particular attention given to minimum redundancy and nonredundant arrays. The tradeoffs; namely, array span and sampling gain that decide the choice of one non-uniform configuration over another, are discussed. To aid in this study, the well known Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) and the newly developed Weiss-Weinstein lower bound (WWLB) are computed for the simple and yet informative case of a single source under different conditions. A novel method for the adaptive (online) control of the measurement space (and therefore the amount of information available for parameter estimation) is described. This method incorporates use of the CRLB as a component in online adjustment of the system. The paper also includes real-time processing considerations, and a review of calibration array techniques.
The FOSSology project (2008)

By its nature, the availability of FOSS has given computer scientists a large body of software and software projects to analyze. By having available source, version control system metadata, and open project communities, much can be learned about a software project, software development and collaborative project development. The goal of the FOSSology project is to create a public, open source software repository, together with tools to facilitate analysis, storage, and sharing of open source software and its metadata. FOSSology does license detection today.
Synthesizing Lateral Face From Frontal Facial Image Using Human Anthropometric Estimation (1997)

In this paper, we propose a method to synthesize a lateral face from a 20 gray-level image offrontal face that provides only plane geometry but not the depth in-formation for a 30 facial model. To estimate the depth information from the frontal face, we investigate the relationship between the frontal and lateral facial anthropometric parameters. According to anthropometric definitions on head and face, we setup a database consisting of facial parameters measured from 70 Chinese male adults. The database serves as prior knowl-edge for the minimum mean square error estimation on lateral facial parameters. For each person, with his frontal facial image, we can construct his 30 facial model based on the measured frontal facial parameters and the estimated lateral parameters. Therefore, image of lateral face can be synthesized by texture mapping from the frontal facial image.
P21ras and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase are highly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells of hypertensive rats. (2006)

High expression of ERK1/2 and P(21ras) in the renal arteriole VSMCs of 2K1C hypertensive rats and SHR may play an important role in VSMC hypertrophy and proliferation in hypertension.
Testing for poor responsiveness in android applications (2013)

An important category of defects in Android applications are related to poor responsiveness. When the user interface thread performs expensive operations, the application is sluggish and may fail with an “Application Not Responding” error. Poor responsiveness has serious negative consequences for user perception and marketplace success. We propose a systematic technique to uncover and quantify common causes of poor responsiveness in Android software. When test cases are executed against the application GUI, artificial long delays are inserted at typical problematic operations (e.g., at calls that access the network). This test amplification approach may exhibit increased response times for GUI events, which demonstrates the effects of expensive operations on poor responsiveness observed by the user. The proposed approach successfully uncovered 61 responsiveness problems in eight open-source Android applications, due to inappropriate usage of resources such as network, flash storage, on-device database, and bitmaps.
Ischaemic complications of Glypressin in liver disease: a case series (2007)

With increasing clinical use of terlipressin and an increasing incidence of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-related cirrhosis, the incidence of these serious complications is likely to rise. Earlier recognition and treatment may lead to improved outcome.
Breast Cancer Following Iodine-131 Therapy for Hyperthyroidism (1983)

A retrospective cohort study of women treated for hyperthyroidism at the Mayo Clinic between 1946 and 1964 was conducted to determine if 1,005 women treated with iodine-131 (131I) were at increased risk of breast cancer compared with 2,141 women traced, and a response (death certificate or questionnaire) was received for 99% of the traced women. The average duration of follow-up was 15 years for the 131I-treated women and 21 years for women treated surgically. No increased risk of breast cancer was observed in the 131I-treated women (adjusted relative risk = 0.8). No patterns were found of increased breast cancer risk by age at first treatment, by time since treatment, or by total exposure to 131I. Failure to detect an increased risk of breast cancer in the 131I-treated women was attributed to the moderately low doses from 131I therapy and the relatively small number of exposed women. The study also failed to find any increased risk of breast cancer associated with hyperthyroidism.
The Influence of Cannabidiol and Δ<sup>9</sup>‐Tetrahydrocannabinol on Cobalt Epilepsy in Rats (1979)

The mechanisms of the anticonvulsant activity of cannabidiol (CBD) and the central excitation of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) were investigated electrophysiologically with conscious, unrestrained cobalt epileptic rats. The well-known antiepileptics, trimethadione (TMO), ethosuximide (ESM), and phenytoin (PHT), were included as reference drugs. Direct measurements were made of spontaneously firing, epileptic potentials from a primary focus on the parietal cortex and convulsions were monitored visually. ESM and TMO decreased the frequency of focal potentials, but PHT and CBD exerted no such effect. Although CBD did not suppress the focal abnormality, it did abolish jaw and limb clonus; in contrast, delta 9-THC markedly increased the frequency of focal potentials, evoked generalized bursts of polyspikes, and produced frank convlusions. 11-OH-delta 9-THC, the major metabolite of delta 9-THC, displayed only one of the excitatory properties of the parent compound: production of bursts of polyspikes. In contrast to delta 9-THC and its 11-OH metabolite, CBD, even in very high doses, did not induce any excitatory effects or convulsions. The present study provides the first evidence that CBD exerts anticonvulsant activity against the motor manifestations of a focal epilepsy, and that the mechanism of the effect may involve a depression of seizure generation or spread in the CNS.
Development of a high-voltage closed-loop power supply for ozone generation (2008)

This paper deals with the design of an AC-220-volt-mains-fed power supply for ozone generation. A power stage consisting of a buck converter to regulate the output power plus a current-fed parallel-resonant push-pull inverter to supply an ozone generator (OG) is proposed and analysed. A closed-loop operation is presented as a method to compensate variations in the AC source voltage. Inverter's step-up transformer issues and their effect on the performance of the overall circuit are also studied. The use of a UC3872 integrated circuit is proposed to control both the push-pull inverter and the buck converter, as well as to provide the possibility to protect the power supply in case a short circuit, an open-lamp operation or any other circumstance might occur. Implementation of a 100 W prototype and experimental results are shown and discussed.