gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graphene Transforms Wide Band Gap ZnS to a Visible Light Photocatalyst. The New Role of Graphene as a Macromolecular Photosensitizer (2012)

We report the assembly of nanosized ZnS particles on the 2D platform of a graphene oxide (GO) sheet by a facile two-step wet chemistry process, during which the reduced graphene oxide (RGO, also called GR) and the intimate interfacial contact between ZnS nanoparticles and the GR sheet are achieved simultaneously. The ZnS-GR nanocomposites exhibit visible light photoactivity toward aerobic selective oxidation of alcohols and epoxidation of alkenes under ambient conditions. In terms of structure-photoactivity correlation analysis, we for the first time propose a new photocatalytic mechanism where the role of GR in the ZnS-GR nanocomposites acts as an organic dye-like macromolecular "photosensitizer" for ZnS instead of an electron reservoir. This novel photocatalytic mechanism is distinctly different from all previous research on GR-semiconductor photocatalysts, for which GR is claimed to behave as an electron reservoir to capture/shuttle the electrons photogenerated from the semiconductor. This new concept of the reaction mechanism in graphene-semiconductor photocatalysts could provide a new train of thought on designing GR-based composite photocatalysts for targeting applications in solar energy conversion, promoting our in-depth thinking on the microscopic charge carrier transfer pathway connected to the interface between the GR and the semiconductor.
Competition and stimulated switching of transverse laser modes (1968)

A 6328-Å He-Ne laser operating in the fundamental transverse mode may be switched to second order mode operation by injection of a small second order mode signal. Experiments are reported and results compared with theory.
High trap density and long retention time from self-assembled amorphous Si nanocluster floating gate nonvolatile memory (2006)

The memory performance of floating gate nonvolatile memory based on amorphous Si (a-Si) nanoclusters self-assembled during low-temperature oxidation is investigated. A 2nm thick a-Si layer was grown on a top of a 5.6nm thick thermal oxide tunneling layer by ultrahigh vacuum ion beam sputter deposition and subsequently oxidized by annealing in flowing N2∕O2 (9:1) environment for 0–540s at 900°C. After oxidation, a 14nm thick Al2O3 control oxide layer was grown by atomic layer deposition. The authors find that the a-Si layer breaks up upon oxidation, self-assembling into a dense array of &lt;3nm sized a-Si nanoclusters separated by thermal oxide after 180s. This combination of discrete Si nanoclusters separated by thermal oxide and modest thermal budget enabled by the use of amorphous cluster enables achieving a trap density in the excess of 1013cm−2 and a retention time of &gt;1000s at at 150°C.
Modelling the Impact of Environmental Regulations on Bilateral Trade Flows: OECD, 1990–1996 (2002)

Since the early seventies an increasing attention has been paid to the impact environmental polict nmight have on foreign trade. One of the most important issues is whether countries with relatively strict environmental regulations tend to experience a deterioration of international competitiveness and thus a fall in exports and a rise in imports, of the pollution‐intensive commodities or, on the other hand, benefit from the improvement in environmentally more sensitive industries. So far, most empirical studies have concluded that the proportion of environmental costs to the total production costs is still so marginal that environmental policies have hardly any effect on comparative advantage patterns and thus on foreign trade. One of the few exceptions is Van Beers and Van den Bergh (1997), who found that stricter regulations have some negative impact on bilateral trade flows between OECD countries. The aim of this paper is to show that tyhis outcome is partly due to model mis‐specification. The analysis id based on a triple indexed model and on its variants. It is found that, as soon as both the importing and exporting country specific effects are taken into consideration, the relationship between stricter regulations and foreign trade becomes statistically insignificant. This suggests that environmental costs do not have a real impact, neither negative nor positive, on foreign trade.
One‐step purification of glucoamylase by affinity precipitation with alginate (2001)

It was found that alginate binds to glucoamylase, presumably through the recognition of starch binding domain of the latter. The present work exploits this for purification of glucoamylases from commercial preparation of Aspergillus niger and crude culture filtrate of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by affinity precipitation technique in a single-step protocol. Glucoamylase is selectively precipitated using alginate as macroaffinity ligand and later eluted with 1.0 M maltose. In the case of A. niger, 81% activity is recovered with 28-fold purification. The purified glucoamylase gave a single band on SDS-PAGE corresponding to 78 kDa molecular weight. The developed affinity precipitation process also works efficiently for purification of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens glucoamylase from its crude culture filtrate, giving 78% recovery with 38-fold purification. The purified preparation showed a major band corresponding to 62 kDa and a faint band about 50 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The latter corresponds to the molecular weight for alpha-amylase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
Anomaly detection in network traffic using Jensen-Shannon divergence (2012)

Anomaly detection in high speed networks is well known to be a challenging problem. It requires generally the analysis of a huge amount of data with high accuracy and low complexity. In this paper, we propose an anomaly detection mechanism against flooding attacks in high speed networks. The proposed mechanism is based on Jensen-Shannon divergence metric over sketch data structure. This sketch is used to reduce the required memory, while monitoring the traffic, by maintaining them into a predefined fixed size of hash tables. This sketch is also used to develop a probabilistic model. The Jensen-Shannon divergence is used for detecting deviations between previously established and current distributions of network traffic. We have implemented our approach and evaluated it using real Internet traffic traces, obtained from MAWI trans-Pacific wide transit link between USA and Japan. Our results show that the proposed approach is scalable and efficient in detecting anomalies without maintaining per-flow state information.
The Horizon of Materiobiology: A Perspective on Material-Guided Cell Behaviors and Tissue Engineering (2017)

Although the biological functions of cell and tissue can be regulated by biochemical factors (e.g., growth factors, hormones), the biophysical effects of materials on the regulation of biological activity are receiving more attention. In this Review, we systematically summarize the recent progress on how biomaterials with controllable properties (e.g., compositional/degradable dynamics, mechanical properties, 2D topography, and 3D geometry) can regulate cell behaviors (e.g., cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation, cell alignment, and the differentiation or self-maintenance of stem cells) and tissue/organ functions. How the biophysical features of materials influence tissue/organ regeneration have been elucidated. Current challenges and a perspective on the development of novel materials that can modulate specific biological functions are discussed. The interdependent relationship between biomaterials and biology leads us to propose the concept of "materiobiology", which is a scientific discipline that studies the biological effects of the properties of biomaterials on biological functions at cell, tissue, organ, and the whole organism levels. This Review highlights that it is more important to develop ECM-mimicking biomaterials having a self-regenerative capacity to stimulate tissue regeneration, instead of attempting to recreate the complexity of living tissues or tissue constructs ex vivo. The principles of materiobiology may benefit the development of novel biomaterials providing combinative bioactive cues to activate the migration of stem cells from endogenous reservoirs (i.e., cell niches), stimulate robust and scalable self-healing mechanisms, and unlock the body's innate powers of regeneration.
Analysis of Heavy Metal Concentrations of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in Fish Catched in the Waters of Muara Badak Kutai Kartanegara (2018)

This study aimed to determine the concentrations of Pb and Cd in fish that were catched in the waters of Muara Badak Kutai Kartanegara. The study was conducted in January – March 2018. The determination of the sampling station was based on characteristics around the waters of Muara Badak in industrial and residential areas. The heavy metals were analyzed by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric (AAS). The main parameters observed were Pb and Cd contents in fish, water as well as sediments. The supporting parameters were some water quality. The results showed that Pb and Cd concentrations in the water were <0,003 mg/L and <0,002 mg/L, respectively. Lead (Pb) in the sediment ranged from 4,635 – 9,693 mg/kg and Cd <0,002 mg/kg. Lead (Pb) in fish gills ranged from 0,054 to 1,296 mg/kg, in the liver 0,075 – 1,985 mg/kg, and in the muscle ranged 0,021 – 0,54 mg/kg. Lead in the fish ranged from 0,176 to 1,154 mg/kg and Cd <0,002 mg/kg. Among all fish caught in the locations, 76% of them have Pb and Cd levels in their muscle that fulfilled the SNI 7387 : 2009.
Current Status of the Basal Forebrain Cholinergic System: A Preview and Commentary (1991)

Too seldom are scientists provided a format to discuss theoretical issues openly. Investigators might outline hypotheses in the introduction or discussion sections of their written works, but such hypotheses, if presented at all, often remain within the limited scope of the data presented in the article. New experiments are often performed without a clear theoretical framework and without an expressed objective of supporting or refuting a specific hypothesis. As John Platt states in his classic 1964 article, “Strong Inference,” “Biology...is a ‘high information’ field, where years and decades can easily be wasted on the usual type of ‘low information’ observations or experiments if one does not think carefully in advance about what the most important and conclusive experiments would be.”
Overexpression a “fruit-weight 2.2-like” gene OsFWL5 improves rice resistance (2019)

Putting our finds and previous work together, OsFWL5 could be a candiate gene for breeders to genetically improve rice resistance and grain quality.
The Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Pathway Mediates Epileptogenesis in a Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (2009)

Understanding molecular mechanisms mediating epileptogenesis is critical for developing more effective therapies for epilepsy. We recently found that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is involved in epileptogenesis, and mTOR inhibitors prevent epilepsy in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex. Here, we investigated the potential role of mTOR in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy initiated by status epilepticus. Acute kainate-induced seizures resulted in biphasic activation of the mTOR pathway, as evident by an increase in phospho-S6 (P-S6) expression. An initial rise in P-S6 expression started approximately 1 h after seizure onset, peaked at 3-6 h, and returned to baseline by 24 h in both hippocampus and neocortex, reflecting widespread stimulation of mTOR signaling by acute seizure activity. After resolution of status epilepticus, a second increase in P-S6 was observed in hippocampus only, which started at 3 d, peaked 5-10 d, and persisted for several weeks after kainate injection, correlating with the development of chronic epileptogenesis within hippocampus. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, administered before kainate, blocked both the acute and chronic phases of seizure-induced mTOR activation and decreased kainate-induced neuronal cell death, neurogenesis, mossy fiber sprouting, and the development of spontaneous epilepsy. Late rapamycin treatment, after termination of status epilepticus, blocked the chronic phase of mTOR activation and reduced mossy fiber sprouting and epilepsy but not neurogenesis or neuronal death. These findings indicate that mTOR signaling mediates mechanisms of epileptogenesis in the kainate rat model and that mTOR inhibitors have potential antiepileptogenic effects in this model.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New 4,5‐Dihydro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐ones. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Linking Continuous Energy Management and Open Automated Demand Response (2014)

Advances in communications and control technology, the strengthening of the Internet, and the growing appreciation of the urgency to reduce demand side energy use are motivating the development of improvements in both energy efficiency and demand response (DR) systems.This paper provides a framework linking continuous energy management and continuous communications for automated demand response (Auto-DR) in various times scales.We provide a set of concepts for monitoring and controls linked to standards and procedures such as Open Automation Demand Response Communication Standards (Open Auto-DR or OpenADR).Basic building energy science and control issues in this approach begin with key building components, systems, end-uses and whole building energy performance metrics.The paper presents a framework about when energy is used, levels of services by energy using systems, granularity of control, and speed of telemetry.DR, when defined as a discrete event, requires a different set of building service levels than daily operations.We provide examples of lessons from DR case studies and links to energy efficiency.
Controlled trial of intravenous metronidazole as an adjunct to corticosteroids in severe ulcerative colitis. (1986)

A prospective double blind controlled trial was undertaken to examine the role of metronidazole as an adjunct to corticosteroids in the management of severe ulcerative colitis. Thirty nine patients with severe ulcerative colitis were randomised on admission to hospital to receive either intravenous metronidazole 500 mg eight hourly (19 patients) or an identical intravenous placebo (20 patients). The two groups were similar with respect to age, sex, and the extent of colitis. In addition all patients received a standard intravenous regimen consisting of methyl prednisolone 16 mg six hourly and parenteral nutrition together with a twice daily hydrocortisone 100 mg enema. Treatment was continued for five days when the patients were formally assessed. Fourteen of 19 patients (74%) receiving metronidazole and 14/20 (70%) receiving placebo were substantially improved, or in remission at the end of five days. Five patients treated with metronidazole and six with placebo had no improvement and all proceeded to urgent colectomy with no operative mortality. There were three late deaths, one in the metronidazole and two in the placebo group. These results do not support the routine use of intravenous metronidazole in the treatment of severe ulcerative colitis.
40 GHz pulse generation using a widely tunable all-polarisation preserving erbium fibre ring laser (1993)

Optical pulses of less than 6ps duration have been generated at repetition rates up to 40GHz using an all-polarisation preserving actively modelocked erbium doped fibre ring laser. The wavelength tuning range was 43 nm at this repetition rate and extended over 52nm (1518–1570nm) at 20GHz. Minimisation of the overall ring dispersion offered wavelength tunability at nearly constant repetition rate throughout the whole tuning range.
Tourist Shopping Activities and Development of Travel Sophistication (2001)

An ethnographic research approach was used to investigate shopping and consumption behavior of international tourists. This research informed a model that positions a tourist's market-place activity as an evolving process that parallels and supports their advance in travel sophistication. The model illustrates that shopping and consumption may originate as a leisure-recreational pursuit for tourists but is transformed into a learning activity that facilitates their assimilation of a host culture. This, in turn, plays an important role in the tourist's development of travel self-efficacy, as well as their motivation for return trips.
Interface resistances of magnetic multilayers (1997)

Perpendicular transport in disordered magnetic multilayers is studied by combining first-principles electronic-structure calculations with the Boltzmann equation. Resistor-model-type expressions for the multilayer resistance are derived and interface resistances are calculated without using any adjustable parameters. Experimentally observed interface resistances can be explained largely in terms of specular interface scattering and diffuse bulk scattering.
An intermediate language for source and target independent code optimization (1979)

This paper describes an intermediate language to be generated by a syntax analyzer and processed by a code generator. An (essentially) optional code optimization phase may be used before code generation. The language is designed to exclude source and target dependencies (these are specified in a set of auxiliary tables) and has been used to implement a general purpose code optimization module. This module has been incorporated into compilers for several source languages and has resulted in production-quality target code.
Long-range Babinet’s effect in complementary left-handed material with gold nanoparticles (2004)

Babinet’s effect occurs at a long wavelength span of incident light during Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy scanning in complementary left-handed material (LHM) samples. The occurring wavelength region ranges from 4 to 20 μm. The LHM sample is composed of split ring resonator and wire array. Complementary samples were prepared using standard integrated-circuit processes on a Si wafer. Gold nanoparticles were deposited on the conducting parts of the patterns. Transmittance-enhanced behavior was also identified from those consequent data. The surface plasmon resonated on Au nanoparticle appears to contribute to this enhancement.
Determination of Pharmacokinetics of Flurbiprofen in Pakistani Population Using Modified HPLC Method (2011)

Pharmacokinetics of flurbiprofen has been studied in different populations, especially in Caucasian. However, there are very few studies reported from Eastern part of world. Previous studies suggested that genetic and environmental factors may cause inter-individual differences in flurbiprofen disposition, so we investigated the pharmacokinetics of flurbiprofen in Pakistani subjects. A single oral dose of 100 mg of flurbiprofen was administered to 22 healthy male Pakistani adults after overnight fasting for 10 h. Periodical blood sampling was done at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, and 24 h after dosing. Plasma concentration of flurbiprofen was determined by a modified high-performance liquid chromatography method, which was simple, sensitive, less time consuming and economical with ordinary internal standard. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines and was found to be sensitive, accurate and precise. The pharmacokinetic parameters observed in Pakistani subjects when compared with other populations (USA, UK, Canadian, French, and Indian) did not show considerable ethnic differences. However, one subject's data was suggestive of being poor metabolizer of flurbiprofen which supports the presence of CYP2C9 polymorphism contributing to inter-individual differences in flurbiprofen disposition. Pharmacogenomic studies are needed to verify this hypothesis.
Fluorescence of the lactone form of rhodamine B (2013)

A quantum-chemical investigation of spectral fluorescent properties of the lactone form of rhodamine B molecule is conducted with allowance for its interaction with polar solvent. It is shown that within the model, two emitting states emerge that can be attributed to the zwitterion and lactone forms of the rhodamine molecule based on their nature and energy. A lack of interaction between the emitting states is observed in the internal conversion channel. The rate constants of photophysical processes are estimated. The quantum yields of dual fluorescence are calculated.
Vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1 promote rat aortic angiogenesis in vitro. (1994)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the vasoformative response of isolated vascular explants to a variety of growth factors that have been shown to stimulate angiogenesis. Rings of rat aorta were cultured in collagen gels under serum-free conditions in the presence or absence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), natural platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), or hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). The angiogenic response of the rat aorta was stimulated by VEGF, PDGF, PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, and IGF-1. Maximum stimulatory effects were obtained with VEGF and PDGF-BB. By contrast, TGF-beta 1 and IL-1 alpha had inhibitory activity. No significant effects were observed with TGF-alpha, EGF, or HGF. The vascular outgrowth of VEGF-stimulated cultures was primarily composed of microvessels, whereas that of PDGF- and IGF-1-stimulated cultures contained an increased number of fibroblast-like cells. The inability of TGF-alpha, TGF-beta 1, IL-1 alpha, EGF, and HGF to stimulate rat aortic angiogenesis in serum-free culture suggests that either these factors require the mediatory activity of accessory cells that are not present in the rat aorta model or that blood vessels are heterogeneous in their capacity to respond to different angiogenic factors.
Complexes of zinc finger peptides with nickel(2+) and iron(2+) (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComplexes of zinc finger peptides with nickel(2+) and iron(2+)Beth Allyn Krizek and Jeremy M. BergCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 13, 2984–2986Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00039a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00039a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views333Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Activated protein C in sepsis: a critical review (2008)

Clinical studies support the use of activated protein C in patients with severe sepsis; however, in view of the substantial skepticism surrounding the efficacy and safety of this treatment, additional placebo-controlled data are required.