gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Scholastic and Collegiate Longsnapping Techniques (2005)

The purpose of this study was to identify the differences that exist between collegiate (CS) and scholastic (SS) longsnappers. Six CS (21.4 +/- 1.37 years) and 7 SS (16.7 +/- 1.11 years) longsnappers were filmed performing 10 longsnaps each. The CS and SS longsnappers had 7.0 +/- 0.89 and 2.7 +/- 0.95 years experience longsnapping, respectively. Each of the 10 longsnaps for all subjects were analyzed for takeoff velocity and accuracy. The snap that most closely approximated the individual snapper's median values for takeoff velocity and accuracy was digitized using a 20-point model. CS were both faster (0.85 +/- 0.10 seconds vs. 1.25 +/- 0.19 seconds) and more accurate in terms of mean radial error (29.36 +/- 8.4 cm vs. 47.2 +/- 8.26 cm) than their SS counterparts. These differences were related to body positioning both before and during the longsnap. CS exhibited more shoulder flexion (135 +/- 6.33 degrees ; vs. 98 +/- 9.01 degrees ) and greater elbow extension (133 +/- 8.1 degrees vs. 95 +/- 6.77 degrees ) in the set position phase, along with greater center of mass movement (0.27 +/- 0.02 m vs. 0.14 +/- 0.04 m) in the anterior-posterior direction and less hip flexion (72 +/- 1.85 degrees vs. 49 +/- 9.42 degrees ) during the preflight phase. Longsnapping experience and accuracy were significantly related (r = -0.82, p < 0.05). These results suggest that body positioning both before and during the longsnap motion significantly influence the velocity and accuracy of the longsnap.
Resistin-Like Molecule α Decreases Glucose Tolerance during Intestinal Inflammation (2009)

Resistin-like molecule alpha (Relm-alpha) is a secreted cysteine-rich protein belonging to a newly defined family of proteins, including resistin, Relm-beta, and Relm-gamma. Resistin was initially defined based on its insulin resistance activity, but the family members are highly up-regulated in various inflammatory states, especially those involving intestinal inflammation. In this study, we report the role of Relm-alpha at baseline and following an experimental model of colitis. Relm-alpha was readily detected in the serum at baseline (4-5 ng/ml), and its level was regulated by energy uptake. Retnla(-/-) mice had decreased baseline circulating leptin levels, but displayed normal glucose, glucose clearance, and insulin levels. Following exposure to the oral innate trigger dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), a nonredundant proinflammatory role for Relm-alpha was uncovered as Retnla(-/-) mice were markedly protected from DSS-induced disease activity and histopathological features. Relm-alpha regulated eosinophil-directed cytokines (e.g., IL-5, CCL11/eotaxin-1, and CCL5/RANTES) and IL-17 ex vivo. Consistently, DSS-treated Retnla(-/-) mice displayed substantially decreased eosinophil accumulation and decreased phosphorylation of NF-kappaB, ERK1/2, and p38 in macrophages and eosinophils. Following DSS exposure, serum level of Relm-alpha was up-regulated, and DSS-treated Retnla(-/-) mice were markedly protected from hyperglycemia induced by glucose injection independent of changes in insulin levels. Retnla(-/-) mice were protected from increases in gut hormone serum levels of gastric inhibitory polypeptide and peptide YY that were induced following DSS treatment. These findings demonstrate a central proinflammatory role for Relm-alpha in the regulation of colonic inflammation and a novel link between colonic injury, glucose tolerance, and energy intake.
Comparative performance of the Zyoptix XP and Hansatome zero-compression microkeratomes (2007)

Although the 2 microkeratomes produced flaps of similar mean thickness, the Zyoptix XP showed significantly less variation in flap thickness than the Hansatome, was less affected by measurable preoperative variables such as SE, and was closer to nominal labeling.
EXPERIMENTAL THROMBOSIS (1968)

Department of Medicine, Jewish Hospital of St. Louis and the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis
Auxin-stimulated NADH oxidase of the plasma membrane of soybean. (1990)

The focus of this research was to describe and characterize a hormone-responsive NADH oxidase activity of the plasma membrane of plants. This was the first demonstration of a hormone-sensitive redox activity of the plasma membrane for plant cells. Plasma membrane vesicles were highly purified by aqueous polymer two-phase partition from the elongating region of soybean hypocotyls. The specific activity of NADH oxidase was 1-10 nmoles/min/mg protein and as NADH was oxidized the electrons were transferred to molecular oxygen with a ratio of NADH to oxygen of 2.5. The activity was stimulated 2-3 fold by auxins and only the growth-active auxins were effective. The stimulation was concentration dependent, with maxima at 10 $\mu$M for indole-3-acetic acid, 1 $\mu$M for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.1 $\mu$M for $\alpha$-napthaleneacetic acid. The stimulation of NADH oxidase by auxins correlated strongly with stimulation of cell elongation. Actinomycin D and osmotic stress (sucrose-induced), both of which inhibited auxin-stimulated cell elongation, severely inhibited NADH oxidase activity in parallel. Plasma membrane vesicles isolated by two-phase partition were oriented predominantly with the cytoplasmic-side in. Mg$\sp{2+}$ATPase and NADH-ferricyanide oxido-reductase, two enzymes with active sites on the cytoplasmic side, were 75 and 90% latent respectively based on stimulation of enzyme activity by membrane permeabilizing concentrations of detergent. NADH oxidase was 53% latent in these vesicles indicating that the enzyme could accept electrons from NADH on either surface of the plasma membrane. Partial inactivation (75%) of NADH oxidase in sealed vesicles by trypsin revealed that the enzyme had an externally exposed region sensitive to proteolytic digestion. The proximity of NADH oxidase activity to the primary response site of auxin action was determined by sequentially purifying the NADH oxidase activity away from other plasma membrane components and monitoring the responsiveness of the activity to auxin. NADH oxidase retained the ability to be stimulated (3-5 fold) by auxin (1 $\mu$M, 2,4-D) through solubilization, and purification by both ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. NADH oxidase activity was purified approximately 2000 fold over the starting homogenate and consistently revealed three protein bands (36, 52, 72 kD) when analyzed by SDS-PAGE. A model supported by these new findings involves NADH oxidase as a rate-limiting component of electron transport across the plasma membrane. Auxin might regulate elongation growth of plant cells by activating NADH oxidase to stimulate transmembrane electron flow and growth response.
Nano‐TiO<sub>2</sub> Drives Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Intestinal Epithelial Cancer Cells (2018)

The majority of cancer mortality is associated with cancer metastasis. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which cells attain migratory and invasive properties, eventually leading to cancer metastasis. Here, it is shown that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> ), a common food additive, can induce the EMT process in colorectal cancer cells. Nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> exposure is observed to activate transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and wingless (Wnt) pathways, and drive the EMT process. Similarly, silica nanoparticles (nano-SiO<sub>2</sub> ) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nano-HA), as food-based additives, can be ingested and accumulated in the stomach, and are found to be able to induce the EMT progression. The implication of this work can be profound for colorectal cancer patients where these food additives may unknowingly and unnecessarily hasten the progression of their cancers.
Posttraumatic therapeutic vaccination with modified myelin self-antigen prevents complete paralysis while avoiding autoimmune disease (2001)

Spinal cord injury results in a massive loss of neurons, and thus of function. We recently reported that passive transfer of autoimmune T cells directed against myelin-associated antigens provides acutely damaged spinal cords with effective neuroprotection. The therapeutic time window for the passive transfer of T cells was found to be at least 1 week. Here we show that posttraumatic T cell–based active vaccination is also neuroprotective. Immunization with myelin-associated antigens such as myelin basic protein (MBP) significantly promoted recovery after spinal cord contusion injury in the rat model. To reduce the risk of autoimmune disease while retaining the benefit of the immunization, we vaccinated the rats immediately after severe incomplete spinal cord injury with MBP-derived altered peptide ligands. Immunization with these peptides resulted in significant protection from neuronal loss and thus in a reduced extent of paralysis, assessed by an open-field behavioral test. Retrograde labeling of the rubrospinal tracts and magnetic resonance imaging supported the behavioral results. Further optimization of nonpathogenic myelin-derived peptides can be expected to lead the way to the development of an effective therapeutic vaccination protocol as a strategy for the prevention of total paralysis after incomplete spinal cord injury.
Solid sampling technique for direct detection of condensed tannins in bark by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (2005)

A novel method for the direct analysis of condensed tannin components in bark was developed on the basis of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) combined with a simple solid sampling technique. The MALDI mass spectra obtained from the wood (bark) powder sample clearly showed a series of peaks corresponding to the sodium ion adducts of condensed tannin oligomers up to around m/z 3000. The results indicate that the condensed tannins in the bark sample used in this work mostly consist of combinations of flavan-3-ol units such as profisetinidin (PF), prorobinetinidin (PR) and prodelphinidin (PD), at least up to 10-mers (m/z approximately 3000).
The human CD34 hematopoietic stem cell antigen promoter and a 3' enhancer direct hematopoietic expression in tissue culture (1992)

The human CD34 hematopoietic stem cell antigen is a highly glycosylated type 1 membrane protein of unknown function. CD34 is expressed on 1% to 4% of bone marrow cells, including pluripotent stem cells and committed progenitors of each hematopoietic lineage. CD34 has also been shown to be expressed on the small vessel endothelium of a variety of tissues and on a subset of bone marrow stromal cells. We have chosen to use the human CD34 gene as model to examine the transcription factors and cis-elements required for stem cell/progenitor cell-specific gene regulation. We show here that the CD34 gene is transcriptionally regulated in tissue culture cells. Using a luciferase reporter gene, we have isolated and characterized an active CD34 promoter. A CD34-luciferase construct, containing 4.5 kb of 5' flanking DNA from a CD34 genomic clone, was 30-fold more active in CD34+ tissue culture cells than in HeLa cells. Sequences from the 3' end of the CD34 gene were shown to have enhancing activity in CD34+ T-lymphoblastic RPMI-8402 cells and not in CD34- U937 cells or in nonhematopoietic HeLa cells. We also show that a cytidine-guanosine island in the 5' end of the CD34 gene is heavily methylated in two CD34- hematopoietic cell lines and demethylated in two CD34+ cell lines. Analysis of the CD34 promoter should result in the identification of stem cell/progenitor cell-specific transcription factors and should provide a means to direct the expression of heterologous genes in hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors.
A NON-RANDOMIZED COMPARISON OF OVERALL SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH CLINICAL T1B RENAL TUMORS TREATED WITH RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY (RN) OR PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY (PN) (2009)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2009A NON-RANDOMIZED COMPARISON OF OVERALL SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH CLINICAL T1B RENAL TUMORS TREATED WITH RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY (RN) OR PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY (PN) Christopher J Weight, Benjanmin T Larson, Amr F Fergany, Steven C Campbell, Jihad H Kaouk, Tianming Gao, Inderbir S Gill, and Andrew C Novick Christopher J WeightChristopher J Weight More articles by this author , Benjanmin T LarsonBenjanmin T Larson More articles by this author , Amr F FerganyAmr F Fergany More articles by this author , Steven C CampbellSteven C Campbell More articles by this author , Jihad H KaoukJihad H Kaouk More articles by this author , Tianming GaoTianming Gao More articles by this author , Inderbir S GillInderbir S Gill More articles by this author , and Andrew C NovickAndrew C Novick More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(09)60914-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "A NON-RANDOMIZED COMPARISON OF OVERALL SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH CLINICAL T1B RENAL TUMORS TREATED WITH RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY (RN) OR PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY (PN)." The Journal of Urology, 181(4S), p. 321 © 2009 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 181Issue 4SApril 2009Page: 321 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2009 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Christopher J Weight More articles by this author Benjanmin T Larson More articles by this author Amr F Fergany More articles by this author Steven C Campbell More articles by this author Jihad H Kaouk More articles by this author Tianming Gao More articles by this author Inderbir S Gill More articles by this author Andrew C Novick More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Modeling a Series of Nonaqueous Field-Scale Inhibitor Squeeze Treatments in the Heidrun Field (2011)

Summary When a conventional aqueous squeeze treatment is not suitable for preventing scale formation, a nonaqueous treatment may be applied. Generally, these types of treatments include a nonaqueous phase and can be divided into different types on the basis of the delivery system. Despite the name, most nonaqueous treatments still contain some water because of the scale-inhibitor (SI) hydrophilic nature; it only truly dissolves in water. The main purposes of this paper are (1) to model a series of polymer nonaqueous SI squeeze treatments deployed in the Heidrun field in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea, (2) to investigate alternatives to optimize the squeeze design by studying the effect of the overflush, and (3) to show the workflow to build the input-data model from the available field data. All the field-treatment designs under study included the injection of an amphiphilic-solvent phase as the SI carrier phase and injection of a diesel overflush. The simulation and optimization calculations were conducted using a specialized near-wellbore model for scale treatments. The simulation study matched the well water cut for the time of the treatment, followed deriving a pseudoadsorption isotherm that was used to describe the SI retention in the formation. Heidrun coreflooding data and SI-returns data were used to build the input model. Finally, a sensitivity study on the effect of the overflush on the squeeze lifetime was carried out on the basis of the created input models.
NS2/NEP protein regulates transcription and replication of the influenza virus RNA genome (2009)

The influenza virus RNA polymerase transcribes the negative-sense viral RNA segments (vRNA) into mRNA and replicates them via complementary RNA (cRNA) intermediates into more copies of vRNA. It is not clear how the relative amounts of the three RNA products, mRNA, cRNA and vRNA, are regulated during the viral life cycle. We found that in viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) reconstitution assays involving only the minimal components required for viral transcription and replication (the RNA polymerase, the nucleoprotein and a vRNA template), the relative levels of accumulation of RNA products differed from those observed in infected cells, suggesting a regulatory role for additional viral proteins. Expression of the viral NS2/NEP protein in RNP reconstitution assays affected viral RNA levels by reducing the accumulation of transcription products and increasing the accumulation of replication products to more closely resemble those found during viral infection. This effect was functionally conserved in influenza A and B viruses and was influenza-virus-type-specific, demonstrating that the NS2/NEP protein changes RNA levels by specific alteration of the viral transcription and replication machinery, rather than through an indirect effect on the host cell. Although NS2/NEP has been shown previously to play a role in the nucleocytoplasmic export of viral RNPs, deletion of the nuclear export sequence region that is required for its transport function did not affect the ability of the protein to regulate RNA levels. A role for the NS2/NEP protein in the regulation of influenza virus transcription and replication that is independent of its viral RNP export function is proposed.
High resolution three‐dimensional cardiac perfusion imaging using compartment‐based <i>k‐t</i> principal component analysis (2010)

Three-dimensional myocardial perfusion imaging requires significant acceleration of data acquisition to achieve whole-heart coverage with adequate spatial and temporal resolution. The present article introduces a compartment-based k-t principal component analysis reconstruction approach, which permits three-dimensional perfusion imaging at 10-fold nominal acceleration. Using numerical simulations, it is shown that the compartment-based method results in accurate representations of dynamic signal intensity changes with significant improvements of temporal fidelity in comparison to conventional k-t principal component analysis reconstructions. Comparison of the two methods based on rest and stress three-dimensional perfusion data acquired with 2.3 × 2.3 × 10 mm(3) during a 225 msec acquisition window in patients confirms the findings and demonstrates the potential of compartment-based k-t principal component analysis for highly accelerated three-dimensional perfusion imaging.
Stable and symmetric convolutional neural network (2016)

First we present a proof that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with max-norm regularization, max-pooling, and Relu non-linearity are stable to additive noise. Second, we explore the use of symmetric and antisymmetric filters in a baseline CNN model on digit classification, which enjoys the stability to additive noise. Experimental results indicate that the symmetric CNN outperforms the baseline model for nearly all training sizes and matches the state-of-the-art deep-net in the cases of limited training examples.
Supratentorial Cerebrospinal Fluid Production Rate in Healthy Adults: Quantification with Two-dimensional Cine Phase-Contrast MR Imaging with High Temporal and Spatial Resolution (2004)

A method for objectively determining supratentorial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production rate is described. The method employs cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging with high temporal and spatial resolution at the level of the aqueduct of Sylvius. Automatic encircling of the aqueduct was accomplished by using a pulsatility-based segmentation approach. Results in 23 healthy adults (18 men, five women; age range, 21-39 years) yielded an average CSF production rate of 305 microL/min +/- 145 (standard deviation); this rate is in good agreement with literature-reported values obtained with invasive ventriculolumbar perfusion measurements. Average operator imprecision was 23.1% if automatic segmentation was not used. The proposed method is potentially an effective means for measuring supratentorial CSF production rate in humans.
Development of chemo-enzymatic process and manufacture of deoxynucleosides (2001)

Manufacturing method for 2'-deoxynucleosides (dNus) has been developed using novel chemo-enzymatic process. The method consists of the chemical synthesis of 2'-deoxyribose 1-phosphate (dRP) and the enzymatic conversions of dRP into 2'-deoxyadenosine (dA), 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) and 2'-deoxycytidine (dC). Large-scale preparation is successfully done, which demonstrates an applicability of this strategy to practical use. As thymidine is already under commercial-scale production, all four dNus are now ready for scale-up.
RADI-03. ASL PERFUSION IMAGING OF THE FRONTAL LOBES PREDICTS THE OCCURRENCE AND RESOLUTION OF POSTERIOR FOSSA SYNDROME (2018)

Posterior fossa syndrome (PFS) is a common complication following the resection of posterior fossa tumors in children. The pathophysiology of PFS remains incompletely elucidated, however the wide-ranging symptoms of PFS suggest the possibility of wide-spread cortical dysfunction. In this study, we utilize arterial spin labeling (ASL), an MR perfusion modality that provides quantitative measurements of cerebral blood flow without the use of intravenous contrast, to assess cortical blood flow in patients with PFS. A database of pediatric brain tumor patients treated at Stanford from 2004-2016 was retrospectively reviewed and 15 patients with PFS were identified. Immediate postoperative ASL for patients with PFS and age-matched medulloblastoma patients who did not develop PFS were compared. Additionally, in patients with PFS, ASL following the return of speech was compared with immediate postoperative ASL. On immediate postoperative ASL, patients who subsequently developed PFS had statistically significant decreases in right frontal lobe perfusion and a trend towards decreased perfusion in the left frontal lobe compared to controls. Patients with PFS had statistically significant increases in bilateral frontal lobe perfusion after the resolution of symptoms compared to their immediate postoperative imaging. ASL perfusion imaging identifies decreased frontal lobe blood flow as a strong physiologic correlate of PFS that is consistent with the symptomatology of PFS. This is the first study to demonstrate that decreases in frontal lobe perfusion are present in the immediate postoperative period and resolve with the resolution of symptoms, suggesting a physiologic explanation for the transient symptoms of PFS.
Targeting stromal microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: controversies and promises (2016)

Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease. Conventional therapeutics targeting pancreas cancer cell compartment using cytotoxics improved patient survival but at the expense of significant toxicity. Microscopically, the tumor is characterized by thick desmoplastic stroma that surrounds islands of pancreatic cancer cells. The tumor microenvironment has been found to play important roles in carcinogenesis, the development of drug resistance, and mediating immunosuppression. The understanding the tumor-stromal interaction has led to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we review the strategies that are currently in (or, near to) clinical evaluation and the underlying preclinical rationales.