gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A coordinated constraint-based modeling and design advisory system for mechanical components and assemblies (1998)

Product modeling, in which the product information is managed throughout the design and manufacturing activities, is the key technology for integrating CAD/CAM in a concurrent engineering system. Researchers in this area are still investigating and trying to improve the product design during the design process. An intelligent CAD system should be able to assist a designer during the product design process by detecting design problems, providing alternative suggestions and correcting design violations. This research concentrates on developing a collaborative design advisory system based on a constraint-based product modeling environment. We classify engineering constraints during the product design process as component design constraints, manufacturing constraints and assembly constraints. Engineering constraints are modeled and managed in close relation to assembly and component models. We develop an enhanced assembly modeling scheme based on spatial relationships and introduce mating bonds in the assembly for easy and systematic integration with the design advisory system. The representation and management of constraints are elaborated at the component level and assembly level using a graph-based approach. We develop a model for a design advisory system which is embedded in the constraint modeling scheme. This system considers product design from three different aspects: component dimensioning, manufacturing and assembly, and each corresponding sub-model is elaborated. The interactions among these three sub-models is reasoned from the constraint graphs. The assembly design advisory system plays an important role from the viewpoint of the whole product design, so it is amplified in detail. The assembly design advisory system composes a conflict-based communication with the other advisory systems to negotiate the design modification of the product such that an optimal product design can be achieved. The product design optimization is formulated as a bipartite graph matching problem and resolved by integer programming techniques.
SOX2 and cancer: current research and its implications in the clinic (2014)

SOX2 is a gene that encodes for a transcription factor belonging to the SOX gene family and contains a high-mobility group (HMG) domain, which permits highly specific DNA binding. Consequently, SOX2 functions as an activator or suppressor of gene transcription. SOX2 has been described as an essential embryonic stem cell gene and moreover, a necessary factor for induced cellular reprogramming. SOX2 research has only recently switched focus from embryogenesis and development to SOX2's function in disease. Particularly, the role of SOX2 in cancer pathogenesis has become of interest in the field. To date, studies have shown SOX2 to be amplified in various cancer types and affect cancer cell physiology via involvement in complicated cell signaling and protein-protein interactions. Recent reviews in this field have highlighted SOX2 in mammalian physiology, development and pathology. In this review, we comprehensively compile what is known to date about SOX2's involvement in cancer biology, focusing on the most recent findings in the fields of cellular signaling and cancer stem cells. Lastly, we underscore the role of SOX2 in the clinic and highlight new findings, which may provide novel clinical applications for SOX2 as a prognostic marker, indicator of metastasis, biomarker or potential therapeutic target in some cancer types.
Tc-99m-PEG-Liposomes for the Evaluation of Colitis in Crohn's Disease (2000)

In the present study, the potential role of 99mTc-PEG-liposome to determine the extent and severity of active disease of Crohn's colitis was investigated. Patients suspected of having an exacerbation of Crohn's disease underwent a 99mTc-PEG-liposome scan (740 MBq, imaging at 4 and 24 h p.i.). A barium enema or endoscopy was performed as the standard verification procedure. Disease activity indices (Clinical Disease Activity Index and Van Hees Activity Index) were calculated. In seven patients positive images of colon segments affected by Crohn's colitis were obtained using 99mTc-PEG-liposomes. Only a moderate relation between 99mTc-liposome scan grading and verification procedures was found (Spearman rank r = 0.22). In accordance with previous studies, no significant correlation was found between the clinical disease activity indices and the verification procedures. This study was prematurely terminated because of unacceptable side-effects in 3 out of 9 patients, which occured almost immediately after starting the infusion. The complaints consisted of dyspnea and facial erythema. The symptoms were self-limiting when the infusion was stopped. In conclusion, the extent of Crohn's colitis can be established non-invasively with 99mTc-PEG-liposome scintigraphy. However, in view of the encountered side-effects, the PEG-liposomal preparation may have to be modified.
Antiviral drugs other than zidovudine and immunomodulating therapies in human immunodeficiency virus infection. An overview. (1988)

Although the management of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infections has focused on the treatment of opportunistic infections, or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related cancers in end stages of the disease, therapies now aim at preventing the natural progression of the underlying disease. In addition to zidovudine many investigational drugs are proposed to treat AIDS-related complex patients. Most of these therapies can be divided into two major groups: (1) The first group includes agents with antiretroviral properties: nucleoside analogues, such as 2'-3'-dideoxycytidine and ribavirin, suramin, antimoniotungstate (heteropolyanion-23), foscarnet (phosphonoformate), interferons, peptide T, castanospermine, dextran sulfate, AL721, or ampligen. (2) The second group aims to restore the defective immune system; it includes thymosin (thymopentin), interleukin-2, cyclosporine, plasmapheresis, bone marrow transplantation, inosine, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, methionine-enkephalin and carrisyn. At present, no drug other than zidovudine has proved as monotherapy to lengthen survival of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.
[The effects of intraocular irrigating solutions on the human corneal endothelium (author's transl)]. (1978)

Human corneas from enucleated eyes get thicker during perfusion with B.S.S. On the contrary, their thickness decreases when perfused with T.C. Earle solution. Addition of reduced glutathion and adenosine does not change the results obtained with T.C. Earle. Histological study of the endothelium after a 24 hours perfusion demonstrates a better conservation of the cells with T.C. Earle and T.C. Earle glutathion--adenosine than with B.S.S.
Theoretical prediction of the source-detector separation distance suited to the application of the spatially resolved spectroscopy from the near-infrared attenuation data cube of tissues (2014)

The modified Beer-Lambert law (MBL) and the spatially resolved spectroscopy are used to measure the tissue oxidation in muscles and brains by the continuous wave near-infrared spectroscopy. The spatially resolved spectroscopy predicts the change in the concentration of the absorber by measuring the slope of attenuation data according to the separation and calculating the absorption coefficients of tissue on the basis of the slop in attenuation at the separation distance satisfying the linearity of this slop. This study analyzed the appropriate source-detector separation distance by using the diffuse approximation resolution for photon migration when predicting the absorption coefficient by the spatially resolved spectroscopy on the basis of the reflective image of the tissue. We imagine the 3 dimensional attenuation image with the absorption coefficient, reduced scattering coefficient and separation distance as its axes and obtained the attenuation data cube by calculating the attenuation on a certain interval of coordinate on the basis of the diffuse approximation expression. We predicted the separation distance appropriate for the application of the spatially resolved spectroscopy by calculating and analyzing the first derivatives and second derivatives of attenuation with respect to the coordinates and also doing the differential pathlength factors and first derivatives of the attenuation with respect to the absorption coefficient from the attenuation data cube. When analyzing the hemoglobin derivatives in tissues, the appropriate separation distances are 3-5cm and the value of its corresponding differential pathlength factors are from 3.5 to 5. These data agree with the preceding experimental data.
Control of Surface Wettability and Photomicropatterning with a Polymorphic Diarylethene Crystal upon Photoirradiation (2011)

A photochromic diarylethene crystal of 1,2-bis(2-methyl-6-nitro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)perfluorocyclopentene (1 a) was found to undergo a thermodynamic phase transition at 180 °C to form a needle-like crystal, designated as 1 a-γ. The phase transition involves melting of the initial α-crystal and growth of the γ-crystal. The phase transition temperature decreased with the presence of the closed-ring isomer (1 b) in the crystal because of the decrease in the melting temperature. Upon irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light, compound 1 a in the α-crystal was converted into 1 b to an extent of 20 %. Consequently, the α-crystal containing 20 % of 1 b underwent the phase transition accompanied by melting of the crystal and growth of the γ-crystal even at 170 °C. Photomicropatterning by the phase transition upon irradiation with UV light using a photomask, followed by heating at 170 °C, was successfully accomplished with a resolution in the microcrystalline pattern of about 20 μm. The contact angle with water on the γ-microcrystalline phase on a glass substrate was larger than that on the α-microcrystalline phase by 20°. This can be ascribed to a difference in the roughness of the surface. Furthermore, the γ-microcrystal was also found to be formed upon heating an amorphous film of 1 a in poly(methyl methacrylate) for 2 min at 130 °C. The crystallized area exhibited a higher water contact angle than the amorphous area. Upon irradiation of the amorphous film with UV light, such crystallization did not take place because of the impurity effect of 1 b in 1 a. Photomicropatterning by the crystallization in the polymer showed a pattern with a higher resolution of about 4 μm, which was much better than that of the neat crystal. This photopatterning process represents a useful tool for controlling the surface wettability in relevant applications.
SuperVAE: Superpixelwise Variational Autoencoder for Salient Object Detection (2019)

Image saliency detection has recently witnessed rapid progress due to deep neural networks. However, there still exist many important problems in the existing deep learning based methods. Pixel-wise convolutional neural network (CNN) methods suffer from blurry boundaries due to the convolutional and pooling operations. While region-based deep learning methods lack spatial consistency since they deal with each region independently. In this paper, we propose a novel salient object detection framework using a superpixelwise variational autoencoder (SuperVAE) network. We first use VAE to model the image background and then separate salient objects from the background through the reconstruction residuals. To better capture semantic and spatial contexts information, we also propose a perceptual loss to take advantage from deep pre-trained CNNs to train our SuperVAE network. Without the supervision of mask-level annotated data, our method generates high quality saliency results which can better preserve object boundaries and maintain the spatial consistency. Extensive experiments on five wildly-used benchmark datasets show that the proposed method achieves superior or competitive performance compared to other algorithms including the very recent state-of-the-art supervised methods.
[Pulmonary embolism in malignancy of the lung: a retrospective clinical evaluation and pathomorphologic personal material]. (1996)

The incidence and clinical significance of pulmonary embolism (PE) in pulmonary malignancy were analysed among 111 autopsy cases including: 65 primary and 24 metastatic lung cancer, 8 hematological malignancies and 14-malignant pleural mesothelioma. In 34 (31%) cases PE was found, in 4 (12%) patients cancer tissue emboli was documented. In nonsmall cell lung cancer the frequency of PE was 40%, compared to 24% in small cell, 25% in metastatic lung cancer and 14% in mesothelioma. Deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities was the source of thrombotic material in 35% cases. In remaining cases the sources of thrombotic material were different (caval vein inferior, superior, and their main branches, right heart cavities, pulmonary artery). In 8 patients with PE the acute form of DIC was observed. In 15 (44%) patients the clinical ante mortem diagnosis of PE was done. In 26% of all analysed cases PE was the direct cause of death. We concluded that PE is a frequent and dangerous complication of lung neoplasms. Clinical diagnosis can be extremely difficult.
Incidence Rate of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions (2008)

Identifying the sex and age groups with most rapidly increasing rates of ACL reconstructions is important in implementing ACL injury-prevention programs.
STR: a simple and efficient algorithm for R-tree packing (2002)

Presents the results from an extensive comparison study of three R-tree packing algorithms: the Hilbert and nearest-X packing algorithms, and an algorithm which is very simple to implement, called the STR (Sort-Tile-Recursive) algorithm. The algorithms are evaluated using both synthetic and actual data from various application domains including VLSI design, GIS (Tiger files), and computational fluid dynamics. Our studies also consider the impact that various degrees of buffering have on query performance. Experimental results indicate that none of the algorithms as best for all types of data. In general, our new algorithm requires up to 50% fewer disk accesses than the best previously proposed algorithm for point and region queries on uniformly distributed or mildly skewed point and region data, and approximately the same for highly skewed point and region data.
Broad Band Antireflection Coating on Zinc Sulphide Window for Shortwave infrared cum Night Vision System (2012)

In state of art technology, integrated devices are widely used or their potential advantages. Common system reduces weight as well as total space covered by its various parts. In the state of art surveillance system integrated SWIR and night vision system used for more accurate identification of object. In this system a common optical window is used, which passes the radiation of both the regions, further both the spectral regions are separated in two channels. ZnS is a good choice for a common window, as it transmit both the region of interest, night vision (650 – 850 nm) as well as SWIR (0.9 – 1.7 μm). In this work a broad band anti reflection coating is developed on ZnS window to enhance the transmission. This seven layer coating is designed using flip flop design method. After getting the final design, some minor refinement is done, using simplex method. SiO2 and TiO2 coating material combination is used for this work. The coating is fabricated by physical vapour deposition process and the materials were evaporated by electron beam gun. Average transmission of both side coated substrate from 660 to 1700 nm is 95%. This coating also acts as contrast enhancement filter for night vision devices, as it reflect the region of 590 – 660 nm. Several trials have been conducted to check the coating repeatability, and it is observed that transmission variation in different trials is not very much and it is under the tolerance limit. The coating also passes environmental test for stability.
Comparison of effects of CH50 on macrophage activation and its anti-tumor activity with those of lipopolysaccharides. (2000)

In the presence of IFN-gamma, the ability of CH50 to activate macrophages is the same as that of LPS. But CH50 has better antitumorogenic effects in vivo against mouse melanoma as compared to LPS.
Emerging Markets Resistance Surveillance Program Report for Eastern European Nations (2012)

• Linezolid and tigecycline showed sustained and near complete coverage of Gram-positive pathogens (only two linezolid-resistant organisms). No evidence of MIC creep or emerging resistant clones was observed against either drug. • Both monitored β-lactamase inhibitor combinations exhibited broad-spectrum coverage of Gram-positive (not MRSA) and -negative pathogens. Approximately 90.0% of all enteric bacilli were susceptible to piperacillin/ tazobactam and cefoperazone/sulbactam. Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli were less susceptible with rates ranging from 17.0 to 67.4% at ≤16 µg/ml for both agents. • Some serious emerging resistances have become endemic in the EEU Region: – ESBL in E. coli (9.7 - 70.0%; average at 27.2%) and Klebsiella spp. (31.3 100.0%; average at 65.9%!); highest in Bulgaria and Poland. – Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin) were less effective in vitro with 20.7 - 57.9% resistance rates among E. coli. – Carbapenem resistances in Enterobacteriaceae were observed, as well as among the non-fermentative bacilli. – Colistin non-susceptible organisms were noted in a number of enteric bacilli, but in only 0.7% of P. aeruginosa among non-fermentative bacilli (Romania).
Severe postictal laryngospasm as a potential mechanism for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a near‐miss in an EMU (2008)

A 42-year-old man with refractory epilepsy experienced a 1-min generalized tonic-clonic seizure followed by persistent inspiratory stridor and cyanosis while being monitored in our epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU). Although his cardiac parameters remained stable throughout the event, the patient's respiratory status rapidly declined, despite the urgent administration of oxygen via bag-valve-mask. He was subsequently intubated by the emergency code team, who noted severe laryngospasm while trying to insert the endotracheal tube. The patient was successfully resuscitated. This monitored case demonstrates that postictal laryngospasm may represent another potential cause of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP).
Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein-1 Effects on Junctional Plakoglobin and Induction of a Cadherin Switch (2009)

Latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1) is considered the major oncoprotein of Epstein-Barr virus and is frequently expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). LMP1 promotes growth and migration of epithelial cells, and the loss of plakoglobin has been identified as a contributing factor to LMP1-induced migration. Plakoglobin is a junctional protein that can also serve as a transcription factor in Tcf/Lef signaling. To determine the effects of LMP1 on the molecular and functional properties of plakoglobin, LMP1 was overexpressed in the NPC cell line C666-1. LMP1 did not affect plakoglobin stability but did decrease plakoglobin transcription. The resultant decreased levels of nuclear plakoglobin did not affect Tcf/Lef activity or the amount of plakoglobin bound to Tcf4. Although LMP1 induced and stabilized beta-catenin, a protein with common binding partners to plakoglobin, the loss of plakoglobin did not affect its association with Tcf4. However, LMP1 did induce a cadherin switch from E- to N-cadherin, a process involved in cancer progression, and enhanced the association of junctional beta-catenin with N-cadherin. LMP1 decreased overall levels of junctional plakoglobin but the remaining junctional plakoglobin was found associated with the induced N-cadherin. This increased association of junctional plakoglobin with N-cadherin was a distinguishing feature of LMP1-expressing cells that have reduced migration due to restoration of plakoglobin. Low levels of plakoglobin were also detected in human NPC tissues. These findings reveal that the effects of LMP1 on junctional plakoglobin and the initiation of a cadherin switch likely contribute to metastasis of NPC.
Green Pesticides: Essential Oils as Biopesticides in Insect-pestManagement (2016)

The long-term applications of synthetic insecticides have resulted in residues accumulating in different environmental components. They have adverse effects on non-target organisms, ecosystems and human health. Therefore, bio-insecticides "Green pesticides" have posted as an alternative to synthetic insecticides in agriculture and public health sectors. The study presented here focuses on the prospects of essential oils (EOs) as bio-insecticides for insect pest management. In fact, many EOs have insecticidal, fumigant, antifeedant, attractive and repellent activities against a broad spectrum of insects with some selectivity. The EOs are a complex of chemical compounds with multiple modes of action that enhances their activity due to the synergistic action between constituents. Due to their volatility in nature, EOs are used as a fumigant against agriculture and storage food insects. Consequently, EO-based insecticides are very important for control stored insects because they are active against a variety of insects, fast penetrating and no toxic residues in the treated products. In contrast, some problems (e.g., volatility, solubility and oxidation) of EO-based insecticides were recorded, which plays an important role in the EOs activity, application and persistent. For this reason, new formulations with nanotechnology "Nanoformulation" can resolve these problems and offer numerous advantages. So, encapsulating the EOs has a considerable perspective as commercial insecticide products. Finally, EOs-based insecticides are low toxic, environmental persistence and eco-friendly. Therefore, they are not having worker re-entry and harvest restrictions after treating crops. They are compatible with biological control programs and indigenous natural enemies of pests.
[Lesion of the motor root of the trigeminal nerve in meningococcal meningitis]. (1976)

President Roosevelt had never seen the letter but admires the way the "Virginia President saw the kernel of the situation."
Synthesis of fluorinated polysiloxanes. 8. Properties at low and high temperatures of polysiloxanes with fluorinated grafts (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of fluorinated polysiloxanes. 8. Properties at low and high temperatures of polysiloxanes with fluorinated graftsB. Boutevin and B. YoussefCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 3, 629–632Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00003a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00003a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views249Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hot off the press (1996)

R. A. Hill and A. R. Pitt, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1996, 13, iiia DOI: 10.1039/NP996130IIIA