gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pleiotropic effects of a relC mutation in Streptomyces antibioticus (1991)

Ochi (Agric. Biol. Chem. 51:829-835, 1987) has isolated a relaxed mutant of Streptomyces antibioticus, designated relC49, relC49 accumulates significantly lower levels of ppGpp than the parent stain, IMRU3720. At its maximum, the ppGpp level in relC49 was only one-fourth that observed in strain IMRU3720. Interestingly, a burst of ppGpp synthesis between 18 and 22 h of growth in IMRU3720 coincided with the onset of actinomycin production in that strain. As shown previously, the activity in protein synthesis of ribosomes from strain IMRU3720 decreases with the age of the culture. The decrease in activity was less pronounced in cultures of relC49. relC49 mycelium contains reduced levels of phenoxazinone synthase, a key enzyme involved in actinomycin biosynthesis. The rel mutation prevents the normal increase in the activity of one of the other enzymes required for production of the antibiotic, 3-hydroxyanthanilate-4-methyltransferase, and a third enzyme, actinomycin synthetase I, appears to be completely absent from relC49 mycelium. Levels of phenoxazinone synthease mRNA were examined by RNA dot blotting with the cloned phenoxazinone synthase gene as a probe. mRNA levels for phenoxazinone synthase were dramatically reduced in relC49 compared with strain IMRU3720. These results are discussed in terms of the possible regulation of the onset of actinomycin production by ppGpp.
The Conserved Isoleucine–Valine–Phenylalanine Motif Couples Activation State and Endocytic Functions of β‐Arrestins (2007)

Beta-arrestins (betaarrs) play a central role in the regulation of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Their binding to phosphorylated activated GPCRs induces a conformational transition to an active state resulting in the release of their flexible C-terminal tail. Binding sites for clathrin and the adaptor protein (AP)-2 clathrin adaptor complex are then unmasked, which drive the recruitment of betaarrs-GPCR complexes into clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). A conserved isoleucine-valine-phenylalanine (IVF) motif of the C-terminal tail controls betaarr activation through intramolecular interactions. Here, we provide structural, biochemical and functional evidence in living cells that the IVF motif also controls binding to AP-2. While the F residue is directly involved in AP-2 binding, substitutions of I and V residues, markedly enhanced affinity for AP-2 resulting in active betaarr mutants, which are constitutively targeted to CCPs in the absence of any GPCR activation. Conformational change and endocytic functions of betaarrs thus appear to be coordinated via the complex molecular interactions established by the IVF motif.
Enhanced optical CD metrology by hybridization and azimuthal scatterometry (2014)

Reducing parameter correlations to enhance scatterometry measurement accuracy, precision and tool matching is a crucial component of every modeling effort. Parameter sensitivity can largely depend on the orientation of the plane of incidence relative to the grating orientation. Conventional scatterometry is done with the plane if incidence normal to the grating orientation, whereas azimuthal scatterometry allows measurements at an arbitrary angle or set of angles. A second technique examined in this paper is hybrid metrology where inputs from source tools such as CD-SEM and CD-AFM are used to determine values of critical parameters. The first examples shows LER sensitivity gains by measuring narrow resist lines in an orientation parallel with the long axis of the grating. Hybridization of LER results in a CD and SWA FMP improvement of about 60%. We also showcase the benefits of azimuthal scatterometry measuring resist lines with CD larger than the wavelengths of the incident light. A CD and SWA FMP reduction of about 60% and 30% is obtained using azimuthal scatterometry at 0, 45 and 90 degrees azimuth angles. Hybridization of the ARC SWA after RIE results in CD and resist SWA FMP improvements by over 60% and 30%, respectively.
Practical Application of Epidemiology in Veterinary Herd Health/production Medicine (2004)

Practical application of formal epidemiology can be a very useful tool in private practice for food animal veterinarians working in the field of herd health/production medicine. Careful and deliberate determination of the outcome variables of interest in each production situation or application provides a logical starting point for establishing the information requirements necessary to measure the defined outcome variables. Subsequently, the collected data can be used for a wide variety of purposes, including disease investigation, monitoring, forecasting and commercial field trials. The successful application of formal epidemiology in herd health/production medicine can serve as a solid basis for establishing long-term productive business relationships with animal agriculture enterprises.
DEVELOPMENT OF A POLYANILINE BORONIC ACID (PABA) CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) SENSOR FOR USE IN THE AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY (2009)

In the agri-food industry, carbon dioxide sensors can be used for process control, monitoring quality, and assessing safety. A carbon dioxide sensor was developed using poly aniline boronic acid (PABA) conducting polymer as the electrically conductive region of the sensor for use in the agri-food industry and was demonstrated for use in detecting incipient or ongoing spoilage in stored grain. The developed sensor dynamically detected up to 2455 ppm CO2 concentration levels. The performance of the sensor in measurements of low concentrations of dissolved CO2 was characterized using standard solutions of NAHCO3. The dynamic range for the detection of H2CO3 was 4.91X10-4 to 9.81X10-3 mol L-1. The dc resistance values decreased with increasing CO2 concentration indicating an increase of conductivity due to increase in the amount of protonation. The developed CO2 sensor was evaluated for the influence of temperature (by storing it at – 20°C and 0°C as well as at operating temperatures of +10°C to 55°C) and relative humidity (from 20 to 70%). Temperature dependence of sensor's resistance values were observed possibly due to the change in conduction mechanism at different temperatures. The variation in the resistance with humidity was curvi-linear and repeatable, indicating that humidity has a less pronounced effect on the sensor’s performance. The sensor’s response to changes in CO2 concentrations at various humidity and temperature levels was stable indicating that the sensor can detect CO2 levels under fluctuating environmental conditions. The response of the PABA film to CO2 concentration was not affected by the presence of alcohols and ketones, proving that the developed CO2 sensor is not cross-sensitive to these compounds which may be present in spoiling grain. The sensor packaging components were selected and built in such a way to avoid contamination of the sensing material and the substrate by undesirable components including grain dust and chaff. The developed conducting polymer CO2 sensor exhibited dynamic performance in its response, recovery times, sensitivity, selectivity, stability and response slope when exposed to various CO2 levels inside simulated grain bulk conditions.
Highly active antiretroviral therapy corrects hematopoiesis in HIV-1 infected patients (2003)

G-CSF-mobilized PBPC can be safely used for HIV retroviral gene therapy in asymptomatic treated patients while highly active antiretroviral therapy would control the G-CSF-induced increase in viral load and correct the defective hematopoiesis observed in untreated patients, without inhibiting the retroviral transduction of PBPC.
Chemisorptionswärmen der Simultanadsorption an Eisenkatalysatoren der Fischer‐Tropsch‐Synthese: XI. Mitteilung zum Reaktionsmechanismus der Fischer‐Tropsch‐Synthese (1977)

Abstract Die Adsorptions‐ und Desorptionswärmen bei simultaner Sorption von CO/H 2 ‐Gemischen verschiedener Zusammensetzung an reduzierten Eisenfällungskatalysatoren mit und ohne Zusatz von 0,2 Gew.‐% K 2 CO 3 wurden mit einem Mikrokalorimeter Calvet bei 35 °C untersucht. Die gemessenen Adsorptionswärmen sind größer als die aus der Addition der Sorptionswarmen der Einzelgase berechneten Adsorptionswärmen. Bei der simultanen Adsorption werden erheblich größere Gasmengen auf der Oberflächeneinheit adsorbiert als bei der Sorption der Einzelgase. Durch Vorbelegungsversuche wurde gezeigt, daß auch bei sukzessiver Adsorption beider Gase die gleichen Effekte auftreten wie bei der simultanen Sorption. Die Effekte werden durch die Bildung von CO/H 2 ‐Oberflächenkomplexen der Zusammensetzung 1 CO: 1 H 2 erklärt.
Giant thermal hysteresis in Verwey transition of single domain Fe3O4 nanoparticles (2018)

Most interesting phenomena of condensed matter physics originate from interactions among different degrees of freedom, making it a very intriguing yet challenging question how certain ground states emerge from only a limited number of atoms in assembly. This is especially the case for strongly correlated electron systems with overwhelming complexity. The Verwey transition of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> is a classic example of this category, of which the origin is still elusive 80 years after the first report. Here we report, for the first time, that the Verwey transition of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles exhibits size-dependent thermal hysteresis in magnetization, <sup>57</sup>Fe NMR, and XRD measurements. The hysteresis width passes a maximum of 11 K when the size is 120 nm while dropping to only 1 K for the bulk sample. This behavior is very similar to that of magnetic coercivity and the critical sizes of the hysteresis and the magnetic single domain are identical. We interpret it as a manifestation of charge ordering and spin ordering correlation in a single domain. This work paves a new way of undertaking researches in the vibrant field of strongly correlated electron physics combined with nanoscience.
How can peptide vaccines work? (1992)

Peptide antigens frequently induce antibodies which recognise the denatured form of a protein from which their sequences are derived. However, the ability to induce antibodies which crossreact with the native, fully folded form of the protein is less commonly observed. Although there is a growing number of examples in which this is the case, the ability to predict peptides having this property is extremely limited. Given the large surface areas involved in antibody/antigen interaction it is surprising that peptides could ever induce antibodies which would recognise the native protein well enough to have biological activity, such as the neutralization of infectivity. A mechanism is proposed to explain such observations which is compatible with many of the properties of antipeptide antibodies.
Dyslipidemia in Chronic Kidney Disease (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Types of dyslipidemia in different stages of chronic kidney disease and renal replacement therapy Dyslipidemia and impact on CVD Cardiovascular end point studies on lipid-lowering therapy in CKD patients Renal end point studies of lipid-lowering therapy in CKD patients Treatment guidelines References
Immunochemical studies on infectious mononucleosis. I. Isolation and characterization of heterophile antigens from hemoglobin-free stroma. (1971)

A method is described whereby glycoprotein antigens may be extracted from hemoglobin-free stroma of mammalian erythrocytes with hot 75% ethanol. The infectious mononucleosis (IM) receptors of horse erythrocytes have been isolated and partially characterized for the first time. The material was heterogeneous in molecular size but relatively homogeneous by electrophoresis. The carbohydrate content was 40% with a molar ratio of hexose: hexosamine: sialic acid of 1:1:1. The peptide portion was greatly enriched (43% of the total amino acids) in acidic and in hydroxylamino acids. By the same method closely similar substances were isolated from sheep and human erythrocytes. The former was a potent IM antigen and the latter had blood group M and N specificity. An even more potent IM receptor was extracted by aqueous ethanol from the hemoglobin-free stroma of bovine erythrocytes. This extract had only one-third the sialic acid and one-half the total carbohydrate but one and one-half times the nitrogen of the other three preparations. The bovine antigen retained some IM activity after neuraminidase treatment, which destroyed the IM or MN activity of the sheep, horse and human antigens. Gel diffusion and quantitative precipitation studies indicate that the bovine IM antigen may react with a fraction of heterophile antibody which does not react with sheep or horse antigen.
Membrane Response Model for Ion-Selective Electrodes Operated by Controlled-Potential Thin-Layer Coulometry (2010)

The electrochemical response behavior of controlled-potential thin-layer coulometric sensors based on solvent polymeric membranes doped with ionophores is elucidated by numerical simulation. This treatment forms the theoretical basis for the design of potentially recalibration-free ion-selective chemical sensors that operate by exhaustive coulometry. Mass transport is assumed to occur primarily by diffusion in each bulk phase, and interfacial ion exchange with interfering ions is described with modern ion-selective electrode theory. The ion-selective membrane is assumed to contain an ion exchanger that can form concentration gradients as a result of transmembrane ion fluxes. It is shown that the diffusion of ions in the membrane phase will become rate limiting for membrane components with diffusion coefficients of 10(-8) cm(2) s(-1) that are typical for traditional ion-selective electrode formulations. This characteristic may be advantageous for sample thicknesses of 20 μm or less, where otherwise exhaustive depletion occurs too quickly to be distinguishable from nonfaradic processes. In most other cases, however, it will be necessary to formulate membrane materials that permit much faster diffusion characteristics. Indeed, the simulations give guidance on sensor design for sample concentrations that approach millimolar levels. The treatment also considers interferences from ions of the same charge sign as the analyte ion, and it is shown that the required selectivity for a given analysis must be about 1 order of magnitude higher than in direct potentiometry. This is because the coulometric exhaustive depletion process occurs only for the analyte ion, not for the interfering one, and to avoid interference, the required selectivity must be maintained even if the sample contains a fraction of the original analyte levels.
Scrippsiella precaria sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a marine dinoflagellate from the Gulf of Naples (1988)

Serippsiella preearia sp. nov. (Dinophyceae) is described from coastal waters of the Gulf of Naples; it shows a plate formula which is typical for the genus (Po, X, 4′, 3a, 7″, 6C, 5S, 5′″, 0p, 2″″). The shape and arrangement of the intercalary plates are distinctive characters for the species. Plates 1a and 3a are connected and similar in shape and size whereas plate 2a is much smaller and located at the posterior end of the suture between 1a and 3a. A general asymmetry in the plate pattern is evident, particularly in the epitheca. Spiny calcareous resting cysts, formed in clonal cultures, are described. Relationships with other species in the genus also are discussed.
Dopamine Receptor Ligands. Part 18: Modification of the Structural Skeleton of Indolobenzazecine-Type Dopamine Receptor Antagonists (2010)

On the basis of the D(1/5)-selective dopamine antagonist LE 300 (1), an indolo[3,2-f]benzazecine derivative, we changed the annulation pattern of the heterocycles. The target compounds represent novel heterocyclic ring systems. The most constrained indolo[4,3a,3-ef]benzazecine 2 was inactive, but the indolo[4,3a,3-fg]benzazacycloundecene 3 showed antagonistic properties (functional Ca(2+) assay) with nanomolar affinities (radioligand binding) for all dopamine receptor subtypes, whereas the indolo[2,3-f]benzazecine 4 displayed a selectivity profile similar to 3 but with decreased affinities.
Sorting of Golgi resident proteins into different subpopulations of COPI vesicles (2001)

We present evidence for two subpopulations of coatomer protein I vesicles, both containing high amounts of Golgi resident proteins but only minor amounts of anterograde cargo. Early Golgi proteins p24alpha2, beta1, delta1, and gamma3 are shown to be sorted together into vesicles that are distinct from those containing mannosidase II, a glycosidase of the medial Golgi stack, and GS28, a SNARE protein of the Golgi stack. Sorting into each vesicle population is Arf-1 and GTP hydrolysis dependent and is inhibited by aluminum and beryllium fluoride. Using synthetic peptides, we find that the cytoplasmic domain of p24beta1 can bind Arf GTPase-activating protein (GAP)1 and cause direct inhibition of ArfGAP1-mediated GTP hydrolysis on Arf-1 bound to liposomes and Golgi membranes. We propose a two-stage reaction to explain how GTP hydrolysis constitutes a prerequisite for sorting of resident proteins, yet becomes inhibited in their presence.
Estrogenicity of Resin-Based Composites and Sealants Used in Dentistry (1996)

We tested some resin-based composites used in dentistry for their estrogenic activity. A sealant based on bisphenol-A diglycidylether methacrylate (bis-GMA) increased cell yields, progesterone receptor expression, and pS2 secretion in human estrogen-target, serum-sensitive MCF7 breast cancer cells. Estrogenicity was due to bisphenol-A and bisphenol-A dimethacrylate, monomers found in the base paste of the dental sealant and identified by mass spectrometry. Samples of saliva from 18 subjects treated with 50 mg of a bis-GMA-based sealant applied on their molars were collected 1 hr before and after treatment. Bisphenol-A (range 90-931 micrograms) was identified only in saliva collected during a 1-hr period after treatment. The use of bis-GMA-based resins in dentistry, and particularly the use of sealants in children, appears to contribute to human exposure to xenoestrogens.
A simple decoding algorithm for the [24,12,8] extended Golay code (2002)

A simple high-speed decoding algorithm for the [24,12,8] extended Golay code, based on the |a+x| b+x|a+b+x| Turyn construction is described. The algorithm can be easily realized in combinational circuits. Futhermore we show that [24,12,8] Golay code can correct simultaneously all patterns of three or fewer random errors as well as certain patterns of quadruple errors such as 4-bit cyclic single-burst and two-dimensional byte errors.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF CHLORO(METHYL)(3‐PHENYLPROPYL)SILANES (1984)

Abstract Die Hydrosilylierung von Allylbenzol (I) mit den Methylchlorsilanen (II) in Gegenwart der Katalysatoren (III) und (IV) führt z : den Phenylpropylsilanen (V).
Agglutination of human erythrocytes by<i>Eikenella corrodens</i> (1983)

Attachment phenomena are usually considered a prerequisite for both colonization of mucosal pathogens and their subsequent stimulation of biological activity in inflammatory cells [1,2]. The adherence of certain bacteria to mucosal surfaces may involve lectin-like proteins on the bacterial surface which bind to specific sugar residues on mammalian cell surfaces [3-6]. Eikenella corrodens has been recovered as the sole infecting agent in cases of endocarditis [7], meningitis [7,8], osteomyelitis [9], pulmonary infection [10], soft-tissue abscess [7,8], and oral infection [l 1]. This microorganism has also caused periodontal disease in mono-infected rats with severe alveolar bone loss [12] and is mainly isolated from deep subgingival plaque in patients with aggressive or advanced periodontitis [13,14]. We have investigated the interaction of E. corrodens with several human cell types. The present investigation focuses on the mechanism by which E. corrodens cells adhere to human erythrocytes, resulting in hemagglutination.
ChemInform Abstract: NITRILE SULFIDES. SYNTHESIS OF 5‐ARYL‐1,2,4‐THIADIAZOLE‐3‐CARBOXYLATES (1977)

Abstract Nitrile Sulfides.
Dynamic-gain-tilt-free long-wavelength band erbium doped fiber amplifiers utilizing temperature dependent characteristics of gain spectrum (2002)

By a novel automatic level control technique the thermal behavior of an EDF and the dynamic-gain-tilt of the long-wavelength band EDFA have been successfully reduced to less than O.15 dB over a 4 dB input power range.
Percutaneous Balloon Valvuloplasty of A Porcine Xenograft Bioprosthesis in the Mitral Position: Late (1 Year) Hemodynamic Observations (1989)

Balloon valvuloplasty is a procedure recently applied to porcine xenograft bioprostheses. We report the percutaneous dilatation of a critically stenosed Carpentier‐Edwards bioprosthesis in the mitral position via an atrial transseptal approach. Hemodynamic measurements revealed an increase in mitral valve area from 0.88 cm 2 to 1.34 cm 2 and a decrease in the transvalve gradient from 22 mmHg to 12 mmHg. The patient's symptoms dramatically improved, but recurred 8 months later. Repeat cardiac catheterization at 1 year documented restenosis of the porcine xenograft bioprosthesis with a mitral valve area of 0.87 cm 2 . Thus, stenosis of porcine bioprostheses may be managed by balloon valvuloplasty. As with native valves subjected to balloon valvuloplasty, restenosis is a concern.
Field Trial of Meteorological Station Using PV Reference Cells (2020)

We provide an updated report on a field trial of a new meteorological station concept for resource assessment at the site of a prospective utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) power plant to be developed by 7X Energy. Cost savings are achieved by substituting Atonometrics PV reference cells for thermopile pyranometers in a unique multi-reference-cell array configuration that allows accurate determination of global horizontal irradiance (GHI) and by using advanced remote diagnostics to minimize the need for on-site visits for sensor cleaning. Reference data are also obtained from a second station at the site employing thermopile pyranometers and maintained through weekly site visits for pyranometer cleaning. Data from both stations are compared to industry-leading SolarAnywhere® satellite-derived irradiance measurements from Clean Power Research and are used for tuning of the satellite model for long-term irradiance prediction and site resource assessment. Results comparing the new station concept employing PV reference cells versus the traditional one based on thermopile pyranometers showed that both compared equivalently with the satellite data and tuning model within instrument uncertainties, although small bias deviations likely due to calibration differences require more investigation.