gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Starting vortex, separation bubbles and stall: a numerical study of laminar unsteady flow around an airfoil (1975)

The stalling characteristics of an airfoil in laminar viscous incompressible fluid are investigated. The governing equations in terms of the vorticity and stream function are solved using an implicit finite-difference scheme and point successive relaxation procedure. The development of the impulsively started flow, the initial generation of circulation, and the behaviour of the forces at large times are studied. Following the impulsive start, the lift is at first very large and then it rapidly drops. The subsequent growth of circulation and lift is associated with the starting vortex. After incipient separation, the lift increases owing to enlargement of the separation bubble and intensification of the flow rotation in it. The extension of this bubble beyond the trailing edge causes it to rupture and brings about the stalling characteristics of the airfoil. Subsequently, new bubbles are formed near the upper surface of the airfoil and are swept away. The behaviour of the lift acting on the airfoil is explained in terms of the strength and sense of these bubbles. The lift increases when attached clockwise bubbles grow and when counterclockwise bubbles are swept away and vice versa.
A proposal for cellular mobile radio system using frequency modulated time-compression multiplexed telephone signal (2002)

It is suggested that an FM TCM (time-compression multiplexing) cellular mobile radio system (cellular system) can be designed with sharply reduced power requirements, enhanced modulation index factors, and decreased adjacent cell electromagnetic interference (EMI). The advantages of using TCM as the transmitting medium are discussed, the gain obtainable from its NSLA (nonsimultaneous load advantage) characteristic is described, the reduced adjacent cell EMI benefits ensuing are explained, and the basic architecture of a cellular mobile radio system is shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reverse Transcription-Multiplex PCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Vibrio cholerae O1, and Salmonella Typhi (2004)

An assay combining reverse transcription with single-tube multiplex PCR was successfully developed and validated for simultaneous detection of viable E. coli O157:H7, V. cholerae O1, and Salmonella Typhi.
Effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on aspects of eye health (2009)

Lutein and zeaxanthin are members of the oxygenated carotenoids found particularly in egg yolks and dark-green leafy vegetables. A great deal of research has focused on their beneficial roles in eye health. The present article summarises the current literature related to the bioactivity of these carotenoids, emphasising their effects and possible mechanisms of action in relation to human eye health. Available evidence demonstrates that lutein and zeaxanthin are widely distributed in a number of body tissues and are uniquely concentrated in the retina and lens, indicating that each has a possible specific function in these two vital ocular tissues. Most of epidemiological studies and clinical trials support the notion that lutein and zeaxanthin have a potential role in the prevention and treatment of certain eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, cataract and retinitis pigmentosa. The biological mechanisms for the protective effects of these carotenoids may include powerful blue-light filtering activities and antioxidant properties. Although most studies point towards significant health benefits from lutein and zeaxanthin, further large-scale randomised supplementation trials are needed to define their effects on ocular function in health and disease.
Low Cost Multimedia ASIP for Transform and Quantization of H.264 (2008)

The Transformation and quantization occupy 12% of all computation in H.264/AVC. To implement a real time application, there are INTEL’s SSE which uses the SIMD instructions and the IP which is optimized to the transformation and quantization. These processors, however, have low flexibility and scalability and also do not fulfill the mobile environments. In this paper, we propose the Application Specific Instruction Processor (ASIP) which fits the mobile environment and high scalability and flexibility as well. When we designed on RTL and synthesized on TSMC 0.25㎛ CMOS process, maximum clock frequency was 256㎒ and the number of gates was 28K. This indicates that the proposed ASIP is 1/4 size compared to that of SSE and has speed as much as the IP has.
Multiple congenital anomalies associated with weekly low‐dose methotrexate treatment of the mother (1997)

This report describes an infant with multiple congenital anomalies born to a 20-year-old mother with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis who had been taking weekly low-dose methotrexate (MTX) during the first trimester of pregnancy. The abnormalities found were consistent with those associated with maternal ingestion of MTX at dosage levels used to induce abortions, i.e., the group of abnormalities referred to as the "aminopterin syndrome." Although weekly low-dose MTX has been associated with spontaneous abortions, this is, to our knowledge, the first case report describing multiple congenital abnormalities consistent with MTX embryopathy secondary to weekly low-dose MTX treatment.
Use of Artificial Intelligence to Analyse Risk in Legal Documents for a Better Decision Support (2018)

Assessing risk for voluminous legal documents such as request for proposal, contracts is tedious and error prone. We have developed "risk-o-meter", a framework, based on machine learning and natural language processing to review and assess risks of any legal document. Our framework uses Paragraph Vector, an unsupervised model to generate vector representation of text. This enables the framework to learn contextual relations of legal terms and generate sensible context aware embedding. The framework then feeds the vector space into a supervised classification algorithm to predict whether a paragraph belongs to a pre-defined risk category or not. The framework thus extracts risk prone paragraphs. This technique efficiently overcomes the limitations of keyword based search. We have achieved an accuracy of 91% for the risk category having the largest training dataset. This framework will help organizations optimize effort to identify risk from large document base with minimal human intervention and thus will help to have risk mitigated sustainable growth. Its machine learning capability makes it scalable to uncover relevant information from any type of document apart from legal documents, provided the library is pre-populated and rich.
Electrodeposition of hybrid nanosheet-structured NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> on carbon fiber paper as a non-noble electrocatalyst for efficient electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (2021)

Hybrid nanosheet-structured NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> on CFP as a self-supporting electrode for electrochemical oxidation of HMF to FDCA.
Design and Performance of an Atomic Hydrogen Maser (1962)

The design and construction of a relatively compact device for use as a frequency standard is discussed. Hydrogen scavenging is done by titanium sorption pumps having a continuous operating lifetime of one year. The magnetic and thermal shielding of the cavity is described, and frequency errors due to various effects are discussed. Preliminary data of measurements of relative stability between two masers is presented and a means for measuring short- and long-term stability is discussed.
The expression and significance of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and Ki67 in non-small cell lung cancer (2010)

Objective To study the expressions of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(p-STAT3)and Ki67 in non-small cell lung cancer and their significance in tumor development and progression. Methods The expression of p-STAT3 and Ki67 were detected in 67 lung carcinoma tissues and 41 normal lung tissues by immun histochemical method. Results The positive rate of p-STAT3 in non-small cell lung cancer (67.16%,45/67) was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissue(17.07%,7/41). The positive rate of Ki67 in non-small cell lung cancer (76.12%,51/67) was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissue(7.31%,3/41).The expression of p-STAT3 and Ki67 were associated with clinical stages, lymph node transferation and histological grades(P<0.05). The expression of p-STAT3 and Ki67 were not associated with ages, sex, tumor location or size.The expression of p-STAT3 was positively correlated with Ki67 expression. Conclusions Abnormal activation of p-STAT3, can lead to excessive proliferation of tumor cells and Ki67 is a favorable indicator of proliferation of lung tumor cells, and the combined detection of p-STAT3 and Ki67 may be valuable for diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

Key words: 
Non-small cell lung cancer ;  Phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ;  Ki67 ;  Cell proliferation ;  Immunohistochemistry ;
Maria Magdalene som symbol i et mandligt fortælleunivers (2006)

De sene apokryfe evangelier viser en strid mellem Maria Magdalene på den ene side og apostlen Peter på den anden. I menighederne, hvor disse apokryfe skrifter er blevet til, blev det fastholdt, at budskabet gik gennem Maria til disciplene. I øvrigt afspejler teksterne de vanskeligheder, der var forbundet med, at det var en kvinde, der var mediator, idet kvinden religiøst set er stemplet på grund af Evas ursynd, da hun lokkede Adam med i faldet
Performance analysis of a channel allocation scheme with preemptive priority for integrated voice/data mobile networks (2005)

This paper presents a new channel allocation scheme with preemptive priority for the integrated voice/data mobile network. Based on the scheme, a two-dimensional Markov process is built, and the steady-state probability is solved by the matrix-analytic method. The preemptive priority mechanism introduced gives more benefit to voice traffic at the expense of degrading some data traffic, while the victim buffer compensates the degradation and has no negative effect on voice traffic. From the analysis and numerical results, we can conclude that our scheme can guarantee different QoS requirements from different traffic classes, and significantly improve the channel utilization.
The epigenome as a molecular marker and target (2005)

Tumor cell proliferation, de-differentiation, and progression depend on a complex combination of altered cell cycle regulation, excessive growth factor pathway activation, and decreased apoptosis. The understanding of these complex mechanisms should lead to the identification of potential molecular markers, targets, and molecular profiles that should eventually expand and improve therapeutic intervention. It now appears clear that methylation plays a central role in transformation, both in vitro and in vivo. However, the exact targets and mechanism(s) are not yet fully understood. This is partly due to the significant number of genes altered by changes in intracellular methyltransferase activity and the chemical agents used to modulate gene expression. The complex nature of methylation's role in regulating gene expression suggests that in addition to investigating individual genes, researchers should develop more comprehensive methods to examine gene expression patterns and their predictive value as this will likely be necessary in the future. If methylation plays a role in transformation, then it seems logical that genes regulating intracellular methylation status may be used as molecular markers to profile tumors by any new methods currently being developed. Perhaps more noteworthy is that DNMT genes may be found to be novel molecular targets for new factor-specific anticancer agents. This idea will be addressed.
수심이 얕은 담수계에서의 분변성오염지표세균 ( 장내세균 ) 의 검출에 관한 연구 (1993)

This study was undertaken from January 1985 to January 1986 to compare the flora of Enterobacteriaceae isolated at 37˚C, 44˚C and also on two different selective media (Endo/MacConkey-agar) in the Old Danube. For the identification of Enterobacteriaceae was used API-2OE-System. The specificity of different media and different biotopes (water/plant) for species of Enterobacteriaceae did not differ meaningfully. But the large variation of bacterial flora occurred between different isolation temperature, 37˚C and 44˚C. Of Enterobacteriaceae isolated at 37˚C 55% were identified as Enterobacter agglomerans and 11.5% as E. coli whereas E. coli represented 72.1% of the Enterobacteriaceae when isolated at 44˚C. And also seasonally varied the ratio of Enterobacteriaceae on Endocolonies from 0-40% in summer (vegetation periods) to 40-85% in winter. In that case of summer, the detection of the metallic sheen colony, also the presumptive colony of E. coli was not possible, due to the overgrowth of background coloni-es, mainly Aeromonas hydrophila. As a result, the isolation of Enterobacteriaceae at 44˚C seems to be more significant than that at 37˚C for the enumeration of fecal indicator, E. coli, in the aquatic ecosystem with rich vegetation, since the elevated temperature (44˚C) yields to reduce the growth of background colonies and to offer the high probability of metallic sheen colony identified as E. coli.
10 Gb/s upgrade for high-split and long-reach PON using remote repeater (2008)

We report a 10 Gb/s upgrade mechanism of an existing optical access network while enabling high split and long reach transmissions using a remote repeater. The proposed system employs standard transceivers and demonstrates good performance.
Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Long-term Survivors of Borrmann Type 4 Gastric Cancer (2003)

Background/Aims: Prognosis of Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer is still poor. To improve the prognosis of patients with Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer, it is important to understand the clinicopathological features of patients with a long-term survival. Thus, we compared the characteristics of the patients with a long-term survival (survival duration more than 5 years) with patients with a short-term survival. Methods: We analyzed retrospectively 370 patients who were diagnosed as having Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer and underwent gastric resection between 1989 to 1997 at our hospital. Twenty-one percent of the patients survived longer than 5 years. For comparison of clinicopathlogical factors, the chi-square test was used and multivariate analysis was performed in order to focus on prognostic factors. Results: The 5-year survival rate of the total 370 patients was 21 %. Significant difference was noted in the following variables: location of tumor, size, peritoneal metastsis, hepatic metastasis, lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion, stage and curability. In multivariate analysis, the location of tumor was the most significant independent prognostic factor. Conclusions: These results suggest that even in Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer, a localized disease can be cured by a radical resection.
Overexpression of an unstably inherited gene in cultured mouse cells. (1977)

The specific activity of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (IMP:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.8) is increased up to 58-fold in unstable gene transferents produced by the transfer of cell-free chromosomal material from one mouse L cell line to another; the specific activity of this enzyme returns to normal levels when the transferred gene becomes stabilized. This phenomenon, which is not observed in comparable heterospecific transfers, may be an effect of gene dosage (multiple copies of the transferred genetic fragment in the unstable gene transferents), or it may represent an escape of the unstably inherited gene from the normal regulatory mechanisms of the recipient cell.
Land Surface Air Temperature Retrieval From EOS-MODIS Images (2014)

The knowledge of the spatial and temporal patterns of surface air temperature (SAT) is essential to monitor a region's climate and meteorology, to quantify surface exchange processes, to improve climatic and meteorological model results, and to study health and economic impacts. This letter analyzed correlations between SAT and geophysical land surface variables, mainly land surface temperature (LST), to establish operative techniques to obtain spatially continuous land SAT maps from satellite data, unlike data provided by meteorological station networks. The correlations were analyzed by using EOS-MODIS images, meteorological station network data, and geographical variables. Linear regressions with MODIS-retrieved LST data gave SAT with uncertainties higher than ±2 K during daytime and of ±1.8 K at nighttime. Nevertheless, SAT uncertainties decreased up to ±1.2 K when other satellite-retrieved surface parameters, i.e., vegetation index and albedo, together with meteorological and geographical data, were considered as terms of multivariable regressions. The equations finally proposed were shown to work properly for different land covers.
Induction of Apoptosis in Thymocytes by Hippophae rhamnoides: Implications in Radioprotection (2004)

Hippophae rhamnoides (RH-3), which has been recently reported to elicit dose-dependent pro- and antioxidant properties in vitro, induced apoptosis in murine thymocytes. In a concentration-dependent manner, RH-3 induced apoptosis in thymocytes in ex vivo conditions. The maximum effect was observed with 100 μg/mL of RH-3. Beyond this dose, the induction of apoptosis was inhibited, as seen on the ladder formation. However, apoptotic body formation, another indicator of apoptosis, was not manifested when various doses of RH-3 (20—200 μg/mL) were administered. RH-3 (>100 μg/mL) compacted chromatin in the form of densely stained masses, and subsequent treatment with proteinase-K loosened them and developed a halo around each mass. RH-3 treatment of cells that had already undergone apoptosis induced chromatin compaction, which made the ladder invisible. During in vivo experiments in mice, the radioprotective dose of RH-3 (30 mg/kg b.w.) induced significant DNA fragmentation in thymocytes studied spectrofluorimetrically. RH-3 treatment before irradiation in vivo enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis. These results were confirmed by hypodiploid population studied flow-cytometrically and also by ladder formation. RH-3 treatment was prooxidative in nature because it depleted thiols and enhanced lipids peroxidation after 8 hours of treatment. The paradox between the prooxidant and the antioxidant effects of RH-3 in the context of its overall radioprotective efficacy has been explained.
Role of ZnO Electron-Selective Layers in Regular and Inverted Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells (2011)

Here the role of metal oxide (ZnO) electron-selective layers in the operating mechanisms of bulk-heterojunction polymer−fullerene solar cells is addressed. Inverted as well as regular structures containing ZnO layers at the cathode contact have been analyzed using capacitance methods in the dark and impedance spectroscopy under illumination. We systematically observed that the open-circuit voltage Voc at 1 sun illumination results higher for inverted cells than that achieved by regular structures in ΔVoc ≈ 30−50 mV. This shift correlates with the displacement of the flat-band potential Vfb extracted from Mott−Schottky capacitance analysis. A coherent picture is provided that states the hole Fermi level of the polymer highest occupied molecular orbital as an energy reference for both Voc and Vfb. The study connects the position of the hole Fermi level to the p-doping character of the active layer that is influenced by the film morphology through vertical phase segregation.
Impunity in Guatemala: The State's Failure to Provide Justice in the Massacre Cases (2001)

The project would not have been possible without the cooperation of the lawyers, judges, and human rights advocates who met with us in Guatemala.We would like to thank all those who took time from their important work to help us in our research.In particular, we would like to thank the survivors and families of victims who met with us and shared their personal tragedies.Acci6n Ciudadana, a non-governmental organization ("NGO") in Guatemala City working to strengthen civil society, hosted the delegation in Guatemala.
Zn(II)-Induced Ground-State π-Deconjugation and Excited-State Electron Transfer in <i>N,N</i>-Bis(2-pyridyl)amino-Substituted Arenes (2004)

The synthesis and X-ray crystal structures of two N,N-bis(2-pyridyl)amino (dpa)-substituted aromatic systems (Ar-dpa) 1 (Ar = 4,4'-disubstituted trans-stilbene) and 2 (Ar = 1,4-disubstituted benzene) and their ZnCl(2) complexes (1/ZnCl(2) and 2/ZnCl(2)) are reported. The fluoroionophoric behavior of 1-2 in response to Zn(II) in acetonitrile also has been investigated. In addition, compound 3DPA has been prepared and served as a pi-deconjugated model for 1DPA. The observed crystal structures for 1/ZnCl(2) and 2/ZnCl(2) could be divided into two distinct types, the planar and the twisted forms, depending on the aryl-dpa (C(ph)-NC(3)) dihedral angle. The twisted form is more favorable for these complexes unless the arene has a strong "push-pull" character. Nonetheless, the degree of pi-conjugation between the N-pyridyl and the N-aryl group is reduced in both complex forms when compared with the free ligands. Such a Zn(II)-induced pi-deconjugation not only directly affects the internal charge transfer (ICT) fluorescence of the dpa-substituted stilbenes but also facilitates the occurrence of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the stilbene donor to the dpa/Zn(II) acceptor. The PET process is particularly important in accounting for the observed Zn(II)-induced fluorescence quenching for 1DPA as well as 3DPA.
Application of <i>e</i>-beam lithography and reactive ion etching to the fabrication of masks for projection x-ray lithography (1991)

Mo/Si multilayer mirrors deposited on silicon wafers by triode sputtering were patterned by electron-beam lithography and etched by reactive ion etching in a fluorinated plasma with an intermediate metallic mask made by the lift-off process. The etch rate and etch profile were investigated as a function of the gas mixture, pressure, and plasma rf power. The groove depth was monitored by following the reflectivity of the structure with a helium-neon laser during etching and comparing it with an optical model. Large structures consisting of gratings and Fresnel zone plates with potential applications to high-resolution alignment for projection x-ray lithography were fabricated in Mo/Si. The fabrication feasibility of finer structures such as gratings with 0.3–0.5 μm pitch and linewidths smaller than 100 nm as well as linear and circular Fresnel zone plates with a 0.4-μm-wide outer zones were investigated in the similar Mo/C multilayer system.
Traditional and complementary therapies in Parkinson's disease. (1999)

Parkinson's disease has existed in different parts of the world since ancient times. The first clear description is found in the ancient Indian medical system of Ayurveda under the name Kampavata. Traditional therapies in the form of herbal preparations containing anticholinergics, levodopa, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors were used in the treatment of PD in India, China, and the Amazon basin. Scientific reevaluation of these therapies may be valuable, as shown in the case of Mucuna pruriens and Banisteria caapi. Complementary therapies such as massage therapy, biofeedback, and acupuncture may have beneficial effects for patients and deserve further study.