gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical and kinetic characterization of recombinant human cholesteryl ester transfer protein (1996)

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) mediates the exchange of triglycerides (TGs), cholesteryl esters (CEs) and phospholipids (PLs) between lipoproteins in the plasma. In order to better understand the lipid transfer process, we have used recombinant human CETP expressed in cultured mammalian cells, purified to homogeneity by immunoaffinity chromatography. Purified recombinant CETP had a weight-average relative molecular mass (MW) of 69561, determined by sedimentation equilibrium, and a specific absorption coefficient of 0.83 litre.g-1.cm-1. The corresponding hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of the protein, determined by dynamic light scattering, was 14 nm, which is nearly twice the expected value for a spheroidal protein of this molecular mass. These data suggest that CETP has a non-spheroidal shape in solution. The secondary structure of CETP was estimated by CD to contain 32% alpha-helix, 35% beta-sheet, 17% turn and 16% random coil. Like the natural protein from plasma, the recombinant protein consisted of several glycoforms that could be only partially deglycosylated using N-glycosidase F. Organic extraction of CETP followed by TLC showed that CE, unesterified cholesterol (UC), PL, TG and fatty acids (FA) were associated with the pure protein. Quantitative analyses verified that each mol of CETP contained 1.0 mol of cholesterol, 0.5 mol of TG and 1.3 mol of PL. CETP mediated the transfer of CE, TG, PL, and UC between lipoproteins, or between protein-free liposomes. In dual-label transfer experiments, the transfer rates for CE or TG from HDL to LDL were found to be proportional to the initial concentrations of the respective ligands in the donor HDL particles. Kinetic analysis of CE transfer was consistent with a carrier mechanism, having a Km of 700 nM for LDL particles and of 2000 nM for HDL particles, and a kcat of 2 s-1. The Km values were thus in the low range of the normal physiological concentration for each substrate. The carrier mechanism was verified independently for CE, TG, PL and UC in 'half-reaction' experiments.
Isolation, Characterization and Structure of α-Lipoic Acid<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation, Characterization and Structure of α-Lipoic Acid1Lester J. Reed, I. C. Gunsalus, G. H. F. Schnakenberg, Quentin F. Soper, Harold E. Boaz, Stanley F. Kern, and Thomas V. ParkeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 6, 1267–1270Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01102a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01102a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views310Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Photochemistry of (.eta.3-C3H5)Ru(CO)3Br: spectroscopic evidence for the intermediates (.eta.3-C3H5)Ru(CO)2Br and [(.eta.3-C3H5)Ru(CO)2(.mu.-Br)]2 (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry of (.eta.3-C3H5)Ru(CO)3Br: spectroscopic evidence for the intermediates (.eta.3-C3H5)Ru(CO)2Br and [(.eta.3-C3H5)Ru(CO)2(.mu.-Br)]2Yee Min Wuu and Mark S. WrightonCite this: Organometallics 1988, 7, 8, 1839–1845Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00098a022https://doi.org/10.1021/om00098a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Discovery and Development of Novel Prototype Antibiotics for Opportunistic Infections Related to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (1993)

The major AIDS-related opportunistic fungal and bacterial infections are candidiasis, cryptococcosis and mycobacteriosis. The need for new, more effective and less toxic antibiotics for the treatment of these infections is obvious in light of the significant toxicities and failure rates of the currently available agents. In the past, the discovery of new antibiotics has relied primarily on the isolation of such agents from natural sources. The major advantage of this approach is the likelihood of identifying new prototype drugs with different chemical structures, and hence, possible new mechanisms and less likelihood of similar toxicities and cross-resistance. Although in the past microorganisms have been the primary source of new antibiotics, higher plants are now recognized as important sources of new antimicrobial agents. Recent efforts to discover new prototype antibiotics with potential utility specifically for the treatment of opportunistic disseminated mycoses and mycobacteriosis are discussed. Initial in vitro evaluation of higher plant extracts for antifungal and antimycobacterial activity is followed by fractionation and purification of active extracts using a bioassay-directed scheme. Pure compounds with significant in vitro activity are evaluated for in vivo efficacy in established animal models of disseminated mycosis and mycobacteriosis in order to determine their potential clinical utility.
The <i>fat facets</i> gene is required for <i>Drosophila</i> eye and embryo development (1992)

In a screen for mutations affecting Drosophila eye development, we have identified a gene called fat facets (faf) which is required for cell interactions that prevent particular cells in the developing eye from becoming photoreceptors. Analysis of eyes mosaic for faf+ and faf- cells shows that faf is required in cells near to, but outside, normal developing photoreceptors and also outside of the ectopic photoreceptors in mutant facets. faf is also essential during oogenesis, and we show that a faf-lacZ hybrid protein is localized via the first 392 amino acids of faf to the posterior pole of oocytes. Posterior localization of faf-lacZ depends on oskar. oskar encodes a key organizer of the pole plasm, a specialized cytoplasm at the posterior pole of embryos. The pole plasm is required for germ cell formation and contains the determinant of posterior polarity, encoded by nanos. Although other pole plasm components are required for localization of nanos RNA or for nanos protein function, faf is not. We have cloned the faf gene, and have shown that it encodes two similar large (approximately 300 x 10(3) M(r)) proteins that are unique with respect to other known proteins.
Detection and Removal of Spatial Mid-Frequencies in Sub-Aperture Finishing (2010)

In this paper the mathematical representation of spatial mid-frequencies resulting from sub-aperture polishing of aspherical optical surfaces is discussed. While for rotationally symmetric structures a one dimensional Power Spectral Density function (PSD) is sufficient, a two dimensional PSD is needed to represent non-rotationally symmetric surface structures as they usually occur in raster mode shape corrections of high end aspherical surfaces. In addition it is suggested, to compute the PSD of the tool footprint allowing to predict its cut-off frequency, i.e. the highest frequency removable from the surface applying this footprint. Finally examples are presented showing the possibility during Fluid Jet Polishing (FJP) to remove spatial mid-frequencies that are left on the surface during sub-aperture polishing by applying a footprint that has a smaller diameter.
The destruction of gossypol in cottonseed oil soapstock by a heat treatment (1957)

Summary and Conclusions Successful operation of the apparatus, as described in this paper, was conducted at rates of feed that ranged from 1.89 to 5.51 Ibs. per hour. The data show that cottonseed oil soapstock can be heat‐treated continuously on a pilot‐plant scale so that both the free and total gossypol content, as measured by the p ‐anisidine method (2,3), are reduced to values as low as 0.003%. In the work reported, the heat transfer medium was oil, heated electrically. Commercially a direct, gas‐fired, heat exchanger would be more practical. These experiments indicate that additional work on a larger or plant scale is justified, provided, of course, that the marketing economics involved are favorable.
A RECONFIGURABLE COARSE-GRAIN DATA-PATH FOR ACCELERATING COMPUTATIONAL INTENSIVE KERNELS (2005)

In this paper, a high-performance reconfigurable coarse-grain data-path, part of a hybrid reconfigurable platform, is introduced. The data-path consists of coarse-grain components that their flexibility and universality is shown to increase the system's performance due to significant reductions in latency. A methodology of unsophisticated but efficient algorithms for mapping computational intensive applications on the proposed data-path is also presented. Results on Digital Signal Processing and multimedia benchmarks show an average execution cycles reduction of 20%, combined with an area consumption decrease, when the proposed data-path is compared with a high-performance one. The average cycles reduction is even greater, 44%, when the comparison is held with a data-path that instantiates primitive computational resources on FPGA hardware.
A bound for the zeros of polynomials (1992)

A new kind of circular bound on the zeros of polynomials is derived by determining Cauchy's bound on zeros of its transformed pair first. The transformation is based on a nonlinear transformation of the variable, which conceptually should give a better upper bound. The advantage of such a transformation is illustrated through several examples that show the improvement over the existing bounds. Convergence of the bound after iterative transformations of the original polynomial is also examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Thermal Decomposition of Alkoxycarbonyl Thiocyanates and Isothiocyanates (1975)

Alkoxycarbonyl thiocyanates and isothiocyanates have been decomposed thermally under reduced pressure at temperatures of 240–375°. Primary systems yield primarily alkyl thiocyanates, whereas secondary and tertiary systems yield alkyl isothiocyanates. The viability of using this reaction in a conversion of primary alcohols to primary alkyl thiols and secondary and tertiary alcohols to tertiary alkyl amines is discussed.
<title>Assessment and improvement of the stereo-image visualization on X3D technologies 3D displays</title> (2004)

For the presentation of the stereo-image, the 3D-display of X3D Technologies uses the special optical filter structure. One of the problems appearing here is the adjustment of the optical filter with respect to the surface of the pixel structure. In many practical cases the width of the display's subpixel is not known exactly or in the process of the creation of the optical filter the attempts to realize the required sizes with a necessary accuracy failed. For the solution of these problems we suggest using the scaling, translation or rotation of the stereo-image to adjust the size of the elements of the structure of the optical filter with the pixel structure of the 3D-display. We demonstrate here also that the scaling of the stereo-images has some special features in contrast to the scaling of ordinary 2D-images. The approach may be applied also to displays with a different pixel form or with individually different widths of the RGB subpixels. The numerical algorithms based on the approach considered here have been successfully tested on our 3D-displays. These approaches may also be used for 3D-displays based on lenticular lenses.
Electrical Characterization of Different Failure Modes in Sub-100 nm Devices Using Nanoprobing Technique (2009)

Abstract The scanning electron microscope (SEM) based nanoprobing technique has established itself as an indispensable failure analysis (FA) technique as technology nodes continue to shrink according to Moore's Law. Although it has its share of disadvantages, SEM-based nanoprobing is often preferred because of its advantages over other FA techniques such as focused ion beam in fault isolation. This paper presents the effectiveness of the nanoprobing technique in isolating nanoscale defects in three different cases in sub-100 nm devices: soft-fail defect caused by asymmetrical nickel silicide (NiSi) formation, hard-fail defect caused by abnormal NiSi formation leading to contact-poly short, and isolation of resistive contact in a large electrical test structure. Results suggest that the SEM based nanoprobing technique is particularly useful in identifying causes of soft-fails and plays a very important role in investigating the cause of hard-fails and improving device yield.
Isoaspartate in Ribosomal Protein S11 of<i>Escherichia coli</i> (1999)

Isoaspartyl sites, in which an aspartic acid residue is linked to its C-flanking neighbor via its beta-carboxyl side chain, are generally assumed to be an abnormal modification arising as proteins age. The enzyme protein L-isoaspartate methyltransferase (PIMT), present in many bacteria, plants, and animals, catalyzes the conversion of isoaspartate to normal alpha-linked aspartyl bonds and is thought to serve an important repair function in cells. Having introduced a plasmid into Escherichia coli that allows high-level expression of rat PIMT, we explored the possibility that the rat enzyme reduces isoaspartate levels in E. coli proteins, a result predicted by the repair hypothesis. The present study demonstrates that this is indeed the case; E. coli cells expressing rat PIMT had significantly lower isoaspartate levels than control cells, especially in stationary phase. Moreover, the distribution of isoaspartate-containing proteins in E. coli differed dramatically between logarithmic- and stationary-phase cultures. In stationary-phase cells, a number of proteins in the molecular mass range of 66 to 14 kDa contained isoaspartate, whereas in logarithmic-phase cells, nearly all of the detectable isoaspartate resided in a single 14-kDa protein which we identified as ribosomal protein S11. The near stoichiometric levels of isoaspartate in S11, estimated at 0.5 mol of isoaspartate per mol of S11, suggests that this unusual modification may be important for S11 function.
Design of compact planar crossover using Sierpinski carpet microstrip patch (2013)

The design of a planar four‐port microstrip crossover is presented. The design starts by using a half‐wavelength square patch and two sets of orthogonal feeding lines. Based on the cavity theory, operation of the patch crossover is analysed. Full‐wave simulations and measurements are used to support the analysis. By etching the patch as a Sierpinski carpet, resonant frequency can be lowered significantly, and this property can be employed to reduce the size of the conventional patch crossover. It is shown that the size of the crossover can be reduced by 23% with even a better performance when a second‐order Sierpinski carpet microstrip patch is used. Full‐wave simulations and measurements are used to validate the proposed design method. The measured data show less than 1 dB insertion loss, more than 10 dB return loss, more than 17 dB isolation and about 0.1 ns group delay deviation across 10% fractional bandwidth centred at 2.4 GHz.
Favorable Functional Recovery in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors beyond Six Months (2019)

Favorable long-term functional outcomes after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be underestimated. We analyzed 24-month functional outcomes from a consecutive series of severe TBI survivors. A prospective, observational database of severe TBI survivors from a single institution was analyzed. Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E) scores were obtained at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months post-injury. GOS-E scores were dichotomized into unfavorable and favorable outcomes, and the proportion of survivors changing from unfavorable to favorable outcomes was calculated using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Surviving adults (<i>N</i> = 304; mean age ± standard deviation = 35.06 ± 15.11; 80.92% male; mode of initial GCS = 7) were analyzed. A statistically significant mean increase in GOS-E was noted from 3 to 6, 6 to 12, 12 to 24, and 6 to 24 months after injury (0.65 [<i>p</i> < 0.0001], 0.42 [<i>p</i> < 0.0001], 0.23 [<i>p</i> = 0.020], and 0.61 [<i>p</i> < 0.0001], respectively). Moreover, 43% of survivors from 3 to 6 months, 36% from 6 to 12 months, 38% from 12 to 24 months, and 54% from 6 to 24 months progressed from an unfavorable to a favorable outcome. Two thirds of survivors in the unfavorable category at 3 months had favorable outcomes at 2 years. Overall, 74% of surviving adults with a documented GOS-E at 2 years after injury had a favorable outcome. Severe TBI survivors demonstrated significant improvement in functional outcomes from 3 to 24 months after injury. At 2 years, three fourths of survivors had a favorable outcome. Long-term prognosis in severe TBI is better than broadly appreciated.
Immunity of C3H Mice to Lymphosarcoma 6-C3H-Ed Following Regression of the Implanted Tumor (1952)

SummaryExperiments are described in which cells of lymphosarcoma 6-C3H-Ed implanted in Jax-C3H (He) mice, in doses which failed to induce tumors when implanted into the tail, in large doses which induced tumors that were destroyed by intermittent occlusion of the blood supply, and by regression of palpable tumors through intensive treatment with A-methopterin, led to development of immunity of the mice against subsequent progressive growth of the same tumor.
Effects of ion-implanted C on the microstructure and surface mechanical properties of Fe alloys implanted with Ti (1984)

The microstructural and tribological effects of ion implanting C into Ti-implanted, Fe-based alloys are examined and compared to the influence of C introduced by vacuum carburization during Ti implantation alone. The amorphous surface alloy formed by Ti implantation of pure Fe increases in thickness when additional C is implanted at depths containing Ti but beyond the range of carburization. Pin-on-disc tests of 15-5 PH stainless steel show that implantation of both Ti and C reduces friction significantly under conditions where no reduction is obtained by Ti implantation alone; wear depths are also less when C is implanted. All available experimental results can be accounted for by consideration of the thickness and Ti concentration of the amorphous Fe-Ti-C alloy. The thicker amorphous layer on samples implanted with additional C extends tribological benefits to more severe wear regimes.
Interaction of the 2,6-dimethoxysemiquinone and ascorbyl free radicals with Ehrlich ascites cells: a probe of cell-surface charge. (1984)

The rate of quenching by Ehrlich ascites cells of anionic 2,6-dimethoxy-p-semiquinone and ascorbyl free radicals is investigated as a function of cell concentration, the blocking of cell-surface sulfhydryl groups by N-ethylmaleimide, and the reduction of cell-surface charge by neuraminidase. The rate of quenching is found to be proportional to cell viability and to the number of free cell-surface sulfhydryl groups. The enzymatic action of neuraminidase results in an increase of the free radical quenching rate, indicating that this rate can be used as a probe of cell-surface charge. Measurements as a function of the ionic strength of the suspending electrolyte gave a value of -1.22 microC X cm-2 for the charge density at the ascites cell surface. This is equivalent to a surface membrane potential of -14 mV for a 150 mM NaCl electrolyte and is a value in good agreement with published electrophoresis data.
Comparison of the Diagnostic Methods Used in Maxillofacial Trauma (1985)

A prospective study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic methods used in acute maxillofacial trauma. Clinical examination, routine facial x-rays with linear tomography, and computer tomography were compared in 49 patients. Computer tomography was found to be the most accurate test in the diagnosis of facial bone injury, especially complex fractures. Computer tomography also provided valuable information regarding soft-tissue injury of the face. The radiation doses of linear tomography and computer tomography were calculated to be below the level known to cause cataract formation. Computer tomography is a safe, reliable adjunct in the diagnosis of acute maxillofacial trauma and should be strongly considered after initial screening measures are completed.
Remarkable Levels of Enantioswitching in Catalytic Asymmetric Hydroboration (2010)

TADDOL-derived phosphites and phosphoramidites are effective ligands for rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydroborations of β,γ-unsaturated amides, achieving up to 99% ee. However, the sense of stereoinduction, R or S, is surprisingly dependent on rather subtle features of the ligand. For example, catalysts employing a TADDOL phenylphosphite and those using the closely related N-methylaniline-derived phosphoramidite of the same configuration give opposite enantiomers of the product. Those derived from optical antipodes give the same product with virtually the same enantioselectivity as illustrated above. The different stereochemical outcomes may reflect fundamental differences in catalyst structure, reactivity, or reaction mechanism.