gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Routing for Delay-Tolerant Networking in Space Flight Operations (2008)

Contact Graph Routing (CGR) is a dynamic routing system that computes routes through a time-varying topology composed of scheduled, bounded communication contacts in a network built on the Delay-Tolerant Networking (DTN) architecture. It is designed to support operations in a space network based on DTN, but it also could be used in terrestrial applications where operation according to a predefined schedule is preferable to opportunistic communication, as in a low-power sensor network. This paper will describe the operation of the CGR system and explain how it can enable data delivery over scheduled transmission opportunities, fully utilizing the available transmission capacity, without knowing the current state of any bundle protocol node (other than the local node itself) and without exhausting processing resources at any bundle router.
Remarkable differences in the reactivity of echinadiol and shiromodiol, biologically active epimeric germacrane derivatives (1990)

Treatment of echinadiol with a variety of acids gave a 8,9-secoguaiane aldol resulting from the cyclofragmentation of the ten-membered ring. Under these conditions its C-8 epimer (shiromodiol) did not react or underwent esterification of the hydroxy group at C-8. Allylic oxidation of both epimers occurred with oxidation of the allylic methyl to the formyl level and retention of configuration of the endocyclic trans(Z) double bond. However, whereas the enal from shiromodiol was stable, that from echinadiol smoothly underwent Z–E isomerization. Low-temperature NMR experiments showed that echinadiol and shiromodiol exist in solution as a mixture of parallel and crossed rotamers, whose ratio is ca. 1 : 5 for shiromodiol and 4 : 1 for echinadiol. Anchimeric stabilization of an incipient positive charge at C-10 or C-14 by the C-8 β-hydroxy group of echinadiol might be responsible for the observed differences in reactivity.
Time–temperature superposition of time‐dependent birefringence for low‐density polyethylene (1967)

Abstract The time‐dependent birefringence has been measured simultaneously with the stress relaxation on quenched and annealed low‐density polyethylene at various temperatures from 10 to 70°C. The strain‐optical coefficient increases generally with increasing time, and approaches the equilibrium value, which depends upon the temperature. When the strain‐optical coefficient at a fixed time is plotted against temperature, it first increases and then decreases after passing through a maximum at T max with increasing temperature. The higher the degree of crystallinity, the higher are the equilibrium values of the strain‐optical coefficient and T max . The curves for strain‐optical coefficient versus time and relaxation modulus versus time below T max can be superposed well by a horizontal shift along the abscissa. The optical shift factor obeys the original WLF equation, while the mechanical shift factor is much larger than the optical one. The molecular mechanisms corresponding to this dispersion of the strain‐optical coefficient and viscoelastic α c absorption peak near T max are discussed.
Techniques for high-frequency integrated test and measurement (2003)

This paper describes techniques for the on-chip measurement of high-frequency and/or high-bandwidth electrical phenomena in ultra large-scale integration environments. The techniques rely on the integration of multiple compact and robust electronic test devices, or cores, at various locations within an integrated circuit. The cores consist primarily of signal generators that approximate the output of a sigma-delta modulator using finite repetitious bit patterns and a small set of highly robust analog components. They are capable of digitizing on-chip signals at gigahertz rates even using low-cost manufacturing processes. Simple communication between the multiple cores enables the migration of many "board-level" type measurements down to the chip level.
Active Safety of Commercial Vehicles - The European Status (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The increase of active safety will demand more and more electronic intelligence, if a drastic optimization of conventional systems is not possible any more.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Starting from today's mechatronic systems, the trend leads via tomorrow's smart electronic systems to the future electronic networking of all intelligent vehicle systems.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper describes the present status of these systems in Europe and the possibilities of increasing the active safety by using electronic intelligence.</div>
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Stereoselectivity in Sialic Acid Aldolase‐Catalyzed Aldol Condensations: Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of High‐Carbon Monosaccharides. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Riemannian stochastic variance reduced gradient on Grassmann manifold (2016)

Stochastic variance reduction algorithms have recently become popular for minimizing the average of a large, but finite, number of loss functions. In this paper, we propose a novel Riemannian extension of the Euclidean stochastic variance reduced gradient algorithm (R-SVRG) to a compact manifold search space. To this end, we show the developments on the Grassmann manifold. The key challenges of averaging, addition, and subtraction of multiple gradients are addressed with notions like logarithm mapping and parallel translation of vectors on the Grassmann manifold. We present a global convergence analysis of the proposed algorithm with decay step-sizes and a local convergence rate analysis under fixed step-size with some natural assumptions. The proposed algorithm is applied on a number of problems on the Grassmann manifold like principal components analysis, low-rank matrix completion, and the Karcher mean computation. In all these cases, the proposed algorithm outperforms the standard Riemannian stochastic gradient descent algorithm.
Effect of the Michael Acceptor in the Asymmetric Intramolecular Stetter Reaction. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Channel Optical Waveguides and Directional Couplers in GaAs–Imbedded and Ridged (1974)

Two-channel imbedded directional couplers were fabricated with proton implantation, yielding complete light transfer in 2 mm. Ridged channel guides were fabricated by ion-micromachining epitaxial layers, and a method of directional coupling was demonstrated.
Learning Scripts as Hidden Markov Models (2014)

Scripts have been proposed to model the stereotypical event sequences found in narratives. They can be applied to make a variety of inferences including fillinggaps in the narratives and resolving ambiguous references. This paper proposes the first formal frameworkfor scripts based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). Our framework supports robust inference and learning algorithms, which are lacking in previous clustering models. We develop an algorithm for structure andparameter learning based on Expectation Maximizationand evaluate it on a number of natural datasets. The results show that our algorithm is superior to several informed baselines for predicting missing events in partialobservation sequences.
Comparison of cardiotropic drug effects on haemodynamic and myocardial energetics in patients with heart failure: a computer simulation (2000)

The purpose of our study is to compare haemodynamic responses and the ischaemic potential of commonly used inotropes (dopamine, dobutamine and milrinone) using a computer model of the cardiovascular system. Cardiotropic drugs interact with the model by changing ventricular elastance and resistance of the individual circulation. All three drugs increase cardiac index in a dose-dependent manner. Dopamine at medium and high infusion rates increases heart rate, systemic vascular resistance and arterial blood pressure. The associated increase in coronary blood flow, however, is not sufficient to account for increased oxygen demand. Both dobutamine and milrinone decrease vascular resistance and increase coronary blood flow. The more pronounced increase in heart rate associated with dobutamine, however, results in a higher ischaemic potential for this drug. Our simulation demonstrates that although all the drugs studied improve cardiac function in simulated patients with heart failure, milrinone accomplishes this at a lower energy cost. The computer simulation developed can be used to assess the complex effect of cardiotropic drugs and possibly suggest optimal drug therapy in specific clinical situations.
Disproportionate enhancement of myocardial contractility by the xanthine oxidase inhibitor oxypurinol in failing rat myocardium (2003)

The magnitude of functional improvement with XOR inhibitors depends on the initial level of XOR activity. Specifically, the inotropic actions of oxypurinol are more pronounced in failing rat myocardium, a tissue that exhibits enhanced XOR activity. Our findings rationalize how XO inhibitors boost cardiac contractility and improve mechanoenergetic coupling, and why the effects might be relatively 'selective' for heart failure.
Characterization and Removal of Trace Heavy Metal Contamination on Si-Surface Resulted from CHF<sub>3</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>6</sub> Reactive Ion Etching (1997)

The characteristics of removal of trace heavy metal contamination on the silicon surface resulted from CHF 3 / C 2 F 6 reactive ion etching (RIE) was studied using total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (TRXRF). In order to investigate the depth profile of metallic contaminants near the surface, TRXRF measurements containing glancing angle scans were performed after slightly etching of silicon surface by repeating the cleaning procedures that diluted HF (DHF) removed the oxide grown by the mixture of H 2 SO 4 and H 2 O 2 (SPM) or O 2 plasma ashing treatment. RIE and O 2 plasma ashing processes resulted in metal contamination such as Fe, Ni, Zn, etc. They were present as both of plate-type and bulk-type, and the large part of plate-type contamination was removed easily. Especially, Fe resulted from RIE was the most abundant contaminant and its concentration was ∼10 11 atoms/ cm 2 . Fe was mainly distributed within ∼2 nm from silicon surface and could be effectively reduced below ∼2×10 10 atoms/ cm 2 by etching of ∼2.5 nm depth of the silicon substrate.
Size-Controlled Synthesis of Granular Polyphosphate Nanoparticles at Physiologic Salt Concentrations for Blood Clotting (2014)

Size-controlled granular polyphosphate (PolyP) nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation in aqueous solutions containing physiological concentrations of calcium and magnesium. We demonstrate using dynamic light scattering (DLS) that the solubility is correlated inversely with PolyP chain length, with very long chain PolyP (PolyP1000+, more than 1000 repeating units) normally found in prokaryotes precipitating much more robustly than shorter chains like those found in human platelet dense granules (PolyP80, range 76-84 repeating units). It is believed that the precipitation of PolyP is a reversible process involving calcium coordination to phosphate monomers in the polymer chain. The particles are stable in aqueous buffer and albumin suspensions on time scales roughly equivalent to catastrophic bleeding events. Transmission electron microscopy images demonstrate that the PolyP nanoparticles are spherical and uniformly electron dense, with a particle diameter of 200-250 nm, closely resembling the content of acidocalcisomes. X-ray elemental analysis further reveals that the P/Ca ratio is 67:32. The granular nanoparticles also manifest promising procoagulant effects, as measured by in vitro clotting tests assaying contact pathway activity.
Effects of Ultra Low Energy Nitrogen Ion Irradiation on Carbon Nanotube Channel Single-Electron Transistor (2004)

The effects of ultra low nitrogen ion irradiation on room-temperature-operated carbon nanotube channel single-electron transistor have been investigated. The ion irradiation energy was 30 eV and the total number of ions was 2.5×10 14 ions/cm 2 and 3.7×10 15 ions/cm 2 . After the irradiation, the Coulomb diamonds became larger with increasing in density of irradiated ions. Nitrogen ion irradiation was found to be effective in reducing the quantum dots size in the carbon nanotube channel single-electron transistor.
Daintiest dynamos [nuclear microbatteries (2004)

Research groups at Cornell University and the University of Wisconsin have been working on a way to harvest the energy released naturally by tiny bits of radioactive material, specifically, the energy that comes from high-energy particles spontaneously emitted by radioactive elements. Their research involves developing devices, called nuclear microbatteries, made from thin radioactive films that pack in energy at densities thousands of times greater than those of lithium-ion batteries. Nuclear microbatteries may ultimately change the way many electronic devices are powered. The prevalent power source paradigm is to have all components in a device's circuitry drain energy from a single battery. With nuclear microbatteries, it will be possible to provide a power source for each component. Thus, even if a main battery is still necessary for more power hungry components, it could be considerably smaller and the multiple nuclear microbatteries could run a device for months or years, rather than days or hours. The future of nuclear microbatteries depends on several factors such as safety, efficiency and cost. If the amount of radioactive material in the devices is kept small, they emit so little radiation that they can be safe with only simple packaging. It is also important to find ways to increase the amount of energy that nuclear microbatteries can produce, especially as the conversion efficiency begins approaching the targeted 20 percent.
Close Correspondence between Carbon Skeletal Parameters of Kerogens and Their Hydropyrolysis Oils (1997)

Fixed-bed hydropyrolysis of petroleum source rocks and low-rank coals at pressures of ca. 15 MPa in the presence of a dispersed sulfided molybdenum catalyst gives rise to extremely high oil (dichloromethane-soluble) yields (>60%) with overall conversions of the organic matter typically being greater than 90%. To ascertain whether hydropyrolysis oils are representative structurally of their parent kerogens, carbon skeletal parameters derived from their solution state 13C NMR spectra have been compared with those from the quantitative solid state 13C NMR analysis conducted using the single pulse excitation (SPE) technique on type I, II, and III kerogens. Indeed, when the latter values are corrected for carboxyl/carbonyl carbons, both the carbon aromaticities and long alkyl chain contents of the hydropyrolysis oils and the parent kerogens investigated, within experimental error, are similar. This indicates that catalytic hydropyrolysis does not involve a significant change in aromaticity, unlike in normal pyrolysis where the extent of aromatization for type I and II kerogens is considerable. For the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation that do occur, the extents of reaction must be fairly similar to keep the overall aromaticity constant.
Various Porphyrins and Aromatic Tetracarboxylic Acid Diimides in Thin Film pln-Solar Cells (1993)

Abstract Photovoltaic properties of double layer cells in the configuration ITO/n-conductor/p-conductor/Au were investigated employing p-conducting porphyrin analogue compounds and n-conducting aromatic tetracarboxyttc acid diimide derivatives. The characteristics are discussed in relation to the structure of the semiconductors. Results obtained by cells prepared by vapor deposition and spin-coating are compared.
Quantitative histochemische Untersuchungen an der Chorion-Allantoismembran nach Virusinfektion und unspezifischen Reizen (1959)

UV-mikrospektrophotometrische Messungen der Nucleinsäuren- und Eiweißkörper-Konzentration sowie der Kern- und Nukleolengröße nach Virusinfektion und unspezifischer Reizung der Chorion-Allantoismembran zeigen, daß es in beiden Fällen zu einer gleich starken Stimulierung des nucleinsäuren- und eiweißkörperbildenden Systems der Zelle kommt. Bei der Infektion mit Vaccinevirus auf das Ektoderm setzt die Reaktion der Membranzellen in der Eklipse ein, nach Infektion mit Newcastle-Disease-Virus fällt der Titeranstieg mit der Zellreaktion zeitlich zusammen.
Epidural Anesthesia and Analgesia (1991)

Steele, Susan M. MD; Slaughter, Thomas F. MD; Greenberg, Charles S. MD; Reves, J. G. MD Author Information
Etude Du Cycle Evolutif D'Aphelenchoides Composticola (1967)

Le nematode mycophage Aphelenchoides composticola est largement repandu en France et peut occasionner des dommages graves dans les champignonnieres. Afin de mieux connaitre sa biologie on a d'abord caracterise les differentes phases de son developpement d'apres la structure de son primordium genital puis on a etudie l'influence de quelques temperatures sur la duree de son cycle evolutif.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Immune Complexes Upregulate the Expression of CD319 and CD229 On Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (2012)

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Immune Complexes Upregulate the Expression of CD319 and CD229 On Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
Nerve Injury about the Shoulder in Athletes, Part 1 (2004)

Nerve injuries about the shoulder in athletes are being recognized with increasing frequency. Prompt and correct diagnosis of these injuries is important to treat the patient and to understand the potential complications and natural history so as to appropriately counsel athletes. This 2-part article is a review and an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding some of the more common nerve injuries seen about the shoulder in athletes.
Space-charge-limited currents in nonstoichiometric GaAs (1996)

A study of space-charge-limited transport in nonstoichiometric (NS) GaAs is presented. The NS-GaAs was grown at 250 °C by molecular beam epitaxy and subsequently annealed at 700 °C so that the room-temperature low-field conductivity is due almost entirely to electrons thermally excited to the conduction band from deep traps. Experimental current–voltage characteristics of an n+ GaAs/NS-GaAs homojunction structure display an unusual current saturation whose onset occurs at an electric field of ∼5 kV/cm. We argue that this behavior is due to a combination of electron velocity saturation and the high concentration of compensated traps in annealed NS-GaAs.
<b>Effect of Adrenaline on Amino Acid Transport in Perfused Rat Heart</b> (1972)

Abstract Effects of adrenaline on amino acid transport in the isolated perfused rat heart was investigated using the non‐utilizable amino acids α ‐aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) and 1‐aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (cycloleucine). Adrenaline, added in vitro , caused a dose dependent increase in the uptake of AIB and cycloleucine, and a significant stimulation was seen after 15 min of perfusion. The minimal effective concentration was 5 × 10 ‐8 M, and an effect was obtained when hearts were perfused with glucose or palmitate as substrate and when no exogenous substrate was added. Adrenaline increased the uptake in hearts arrested with high [K + ] or tetrodotoxin, and the accelerated uptake was not dependent upon the chronotropic effect of adrenaline. Under conditions when adrenaline increased amino acid uptake, protein synthesis was either unaffected or decreased. The data of the present study show that adrenaline directly stimulates amino acid transport in the heart and it is concluded that increased uptake of amino acids could be an energy‐generating system for the heart during adrenergic stimulation.
Mini workshop &#x2014; How to improve teaching and learning: Selecting, implementing and evaluating digital resources in the Engineering Pathway (2011)

Are you trying to integrate interactive simulations, applets, case studies, courseware or other web-accessible materials into your classes? Where do you go to find these digital learning materials? How do you evaluate the quality of the materials you do find? Are there digital learning materials available that are aligned with the ABET criteria? Are there related resources for assessing student outcome assessments that you can use? How can you customize your course website with supplemental materials for students? How can you find a collection of self-studies that can be used to guide a department as they prepare for the ABET review process? This workshop introduces faculty who are interested in integrating digital learning materials in their courses to a set of criteria and methods useful in selecting and evaluating the quality of these materials to help achieve their course goals. The workshop focuses on the 10,000 educational resources cataloged in the Engineering Pathway digital library (www.engineeringpathway.org) and goes through the resources and tools available for faculty to use to locate, evaluate and select helpful digital learning materials to achieve their teaching and learning goals. Participants will be introduced to a general intellectual framework for integrating digital learning materials that stresses identifying the particular learning objectives and pedagogies for the use of particular materials. Participants will be introduced to two sets of evaluation criteria, those used in the Premier Award for Excellence in Engineering Education Courseware and another set that is used to guide catalogers as they register materials in a digital library. They will have a hands-on opportunity to apply these criteria to better understand the metrics for quality in digital learning materials, and how to apply these metrics to materials they are considering using to help achieve their course goals. The workshop also helps faculty locate courseware that can help satisfy the ABET criteria for evaluation. For those preparing for the ABET review process, the Engineering Pathway identifies a number of self-study that can be used to guide departments in the development of measurement instruments and processes. Lastly, the workshop will introduce new tools for student engagement with history of technology and well as current news in each discipline. Annotated textbooks with links to context-sensitive links to Engineering Pathway resources will also be explored.
Plasma norepinephrine, plasma renin activity, and congestive heart failure: Relations to survival and the effects of therapy in V-HeFT II (1993)

Background. Congestive heart failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by neuroendocrine activation. Measurements of plasma norepinephrine and plasma renin activity were performed in the Vasodilator-Heart Failure Trial II (V-HeFT II) to characterize the effects of therapy on neuroendocrine activation and to examine the responses to therapy among patients with different degrees of activation. Methods and Results. The baseline median plasma norepinephrine value (n=743) was 490 pg/mL and the baseline median plasma renin activity (n=737) was 6.9 ng.mL -1 .hr -1 . Baseline plasma renin activity and plasma norepinephrine correlated poorly with each other (r=0.12), implying that these two neuroendocrine systems are being activated by separate processes
Chalcogen‐Substituted Benzo‐1,4‐quinones (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.