gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel amplified image sensor with a-Si:H photoconductor and MOS transistors (1990)

An image sensor and a 16*16 pixel test device consisting of a MOS transistor array overlaid with an a-Si:H photoconductive film are presented. The sensor operates by applying the potential induced on the surface of a a-Si:H film directly to the gates of the MOS transistors, and then reading out the modulated drain currents. Photosensitivity is 4-5.6 mu A/(nJ/cm/sup 2/) for incident light of lambda =0.6 mu m, dynamic range is over 85 dB, and gamma approximately=1. The sensor can be constructed in four configurations, depending on whether the carriers of image information in the a-Si:H film or MOS transistor channel are electrons or holes. The properties of signal and gain for the sensors of low and high pixel density, respectively, are analyzed, and it is pointed out that two distinct amplifying effects can exist in the sensor simultaneously.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The preparation of 3-benzyl-6-(α-methylbenzyl)- and 3,6-bis(α-methylbenzyl)-s-tetrazines by alkylation of 3,6-dibenzyl-s-tetrazine and a study of their rearrangements to imidazo[1,2-b]-s-tetrazines in alkali (1988)

3,6-Dibenzyl-s-tetrazine (1a) can be alkylated with methyl iodide after treatment with LDA in tetrahydrofuran to give a mixture of 3-benzyl-6-(α-methylbenzyl)- and 3,6-bis(α-methylbenzyl)-s-tetrazines (1c) and (18) separable by chromatography. 3,6-Dibenzyl-s-tetrazine on treatment with potassium hydroxide in benzyl alcohol yields, among other products, 3-benzyl-7-benzyloxy- and 3,7-dibenzyl-6-phenylimidazo[1,2-b]-s-tetrazines (8b) and (5a), the 7-benzyloxy group being generated from the solvent but the 7-benzyl group having the parent tetrazine (1a) as its precursor. Similar treatment of 3-benzyl-6-(α-methylbenzyl)-s-tetrazine (1c) but with methanol as solvent yields the related 7-methoxy-3-(α-methylbenzyl)-6-phenylimidazo[1,2-b]-s-tetrazine (8c) along with a novel compound assigned the structure of a substituted 1,2,4-triazolo[1′,5′ : 4,5]pyrazino[1,2-b]-s-tetrazine (15). 3,6-Bis(α-methylbenzyl)-s-tetrazine (18) is stable to alkali except when prolonged reaction times are employed when it breaks down to acetophenone, by way of an alkylidene hydrazide intermediate (19). Mechanisms are proposed for each of these reactions.
[Dependence of biological activity of triamine type platinum (II) complexes on their composition and structure]. (1995)

The growth-inhibiting effect on the roots of maize and cucumber shoots was studied. We tested 53 triamine complexes of platinum (cis*- and trans*-[Pt(NH3)*2LCl]Cl, cis*- and trans*-[PtHx*2LCl]Cl and [PtenLCl]Cl, where Hx is hydroxylamine, en is ethylenediamine, and L are various heterocycles, which either have biological activity and occur in the cells or have no biological activity and are foreign to the cells). The cis*-[Pt(NH3)*2LCl]Cl and [PtenLCl]Cl complexes showed cytostatic properties, and the latter were effective at higher concentrations. Small changes in the composition of ligand L led to marked changes in the biological activity of the complexes. In order to characterize the effect of the complexes, we first determined the time of development of the lateral root from its initial appearance to its divergence from the main root (Tlat). The complexes with cytostatic properties markedly inhibited root branching and increased Tlat. The other complexes had virtually no effect on Tlat and reduced the zone of lateral roots only at the expense of inhibition of the main root growth. The complexes with cytostatic properties markedly inhibited the main root growth with time. Parallel studies conducted in the Oncological Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences have shown that the complexes with cytostatic properties display distinct antitumor activity.
Search Engine Optimization: Comparison of Link Building and Social Sharing (2016)

The practice of Search Engine Optimization (SEO) can significantly increase a website’s search rankings, driving more traffic to the website, and thereby increasing revenue. Three primary SEO strategies are Content, Link Building, and Social Sharing. Our study compares the performance of three similar content-rich websites; each uses a different SEO strategy – one focused on Content only, the second uses Content and proactive Link Building, and the third uses Content and Social Media campaign designed to elicit social mentions and social sharing. We use Google Analytics to collect, analyze, and compare their site traffic, domain authority, search ranks, and ad revenue before and after SEO implementation, over the course of 18 months. Our study suggests that link building and social media both improve website traffic and revenue. Social media can be an effective method for quickly building traffic (for events); however, link building provides better return on investment in the long run.
Development of a novel in vitro method for drug development for fish; application to test efficacy of antimicrosporidian compounds (2014)

Few drugs are approved for treating diseases caused by parasites in minor species such as fish. This is due, in part, to the expense of drug development and to the comparatively small market. In vivo effectiveness trials for antiparasitic drugs are costly, time consuming and require ethics approval, therefore an in vitro screening approach is a cost-effective alternative to finding promising drug candidates. We developed an in vitro testing system to test antimicrosporidial compounds against a microsporidian pathogen Heterosporis saurida. Five antiparasitic compounds, albendazole, fumagillin, TNP-70, nitazoxanide and lufenuron, were assayed for antimicrosporidial activity. All compounds reduced the number of H saurida spores in infected cells when applied at a concentration that did not appear to be toxic to the host cells. Albendazole inhibited replication of H saurida by >60 per cent, fumagillin and its analogue TNP-470 inhibited H saurida >80 per cent, nitazoxanide and lufenuron inhibited growth >70 per cent. The data suggest that both fumagillin and its analogous TNP-70 hold the best promise as therapeutic agents against H saurida. The ability to use fish cell cultures to assess drugs against H saurida demonstrates an approach that may be helpful to evaluate other drugs on different microsporidia and host cells.
Analysis and design of a fully-integrated current sharing scheme for multi-phase adaptive on -time modulated switching regulators (2008)

Multi-phase, interleaved dc-dc converters employing current mode control with adaptive on-time modulation are ideally suited for low-voltage, high current processor power supply applications because of their fast load transient response and minimal external components having simple feedback loop compensation, while maintaining almost constant switching frequency. Like other multi-phase converters, to achieve optimal thermal performance and utilize all the benefits of interleaving, accurate current balancing among all the phases is necessary and paramount. This paper introduces a novel current-sharing scheme for multi-phase, current-mode, adaptive on-time modulated, switching dc-dc converters where the on-time for each phase is adjusted based current sharing error between phase currents. Careful analysis of the share-loop transfer function reveals that a low gain but high bandwidth feedback loop can be designed to achieve accurate and fast current sharing without interfering with voltage and/or current loop of the power supply. As a result, the proposed scheme provides a low cost solution because it does not require any external phase compensation element and additional pin in the controller IC. Experimental results from two-phase prototype step-down converter utilizing the proposed current-sharing scheme with input voltage range of 7-28 V and output voltage of 0.3 -1.5 V with a maximum load current of 44 A are presented in this paper. During steady-state operation, current sharing error between two phases is less than 5% for half-to-full load current. Furthermore, accurate current balancing is maintained during transient events, such as phase add or drop, and load-step insertion or release.
THE 1997 MOYER AWARD Cytokine Production in Patients with Hypertrophic Burn Scars (1997)

To clarify the significance of the role of the immune system in the formation of proliferative burn scars, this study attempted to identify differential production of cytokines between patients with burn injuries with and without hypertrophic scars. Mononuclear cell fractions were isolated from the peripheral blood (PBMC) of each patient and incubated with and without antigenic or mitogenic stimulation. The resultant supernatants were then assayed by ELISA techniques for production of various cytokines. The production of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta2 by unstimulated PBMC was elevated significantly in patients with proliferative scar compared to control patients. Production of TGF-beta2 by stimulated PBMC also was elevated significantly in patients with proliferative scar. This study suggests that an increase in the production of TGF-beta and of proinflammatory cytokines by mononuclear cells may play a significant role in the processes that lead to excessive scar formation after burn injury.
Fuzzy Structural Models and Based Applications in Digital Marketplace (2018)

One of the well-known topics of decision making is Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). Fuzzy set theory helps to provide a useful way to address a MCDM problem. Without models, MCDM methods cannot be practiced effectively, therefore, it is interesting to clarify the structure among criteria. But the shortcoming of MCDM is unable to capture imprecision or vagueness inherent in the information. Fuzzy set theory has great potential to handle such situations and fuzzy structural models have been developed. In this chapter widely used structural models i.e. Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), and Cognition Maps (CMs) are first summarized briefly along with their mathematical formulation and then diffusion these models into fuzzy set theory is explained along with a literature review of the based applications of these models in the digital marketplace.
An optimization program based on the method of feasible directions: Theory and users guide (1994)

The theory and user instructions for an optimization code based on the method of feasible directions are presented. The code was written for wide distribution and ease of attachment to other simulation software. Although the theory of the method of feasible direction was developed in the 1960's, many considerations are involved in its actual implementation as a computer code. Included in the code are a number of features to improve robustness in optimization. The search direction is obtained by solving a quadratic program using an interior method based on Karmarkar's algorithm. The theory is discussed focusing on the important and often overlooked role played by the various parameters guiding the iterations within the program. Also discussed is a robust approach for handling infeasible starting points. The code was validated by solving a variety of structural optimization test problems that have known solutions obtained by other optimization codes. It has been observed that this code is robust: it has solved a variety of problems from different starting points. However, the code is inefficient in that it takes considerable CPU time as compared with certain other available codes. Further work is required to improve its efficiency while retaining its robustness.
Skin Reactive Hyperemia in Diabetic Patients: A Study by Laser Doppler Flowmetry (1991)

Postischemic hyperemia tests in diabetic patients reveal cutaneous microcirculatory changes in the forearm (lower P). Advanced retinopathy is associated with functional disturbances (lower K), especially when combined with a low BMI (less than 25; longer Tp).
Learning in<i>Helicoverpa armigera</i>(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): a new look at the behaviour and control of a polyphagous pest (1999)

Abstract Recent experimental evidence has shown that learning occurs in the host selection behaviour of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), one of the world‘s most important agricultural pests. This paper discusses how the occurrence of learning changes our understanding of the host selection behaviour of this polyphagous moth. Host preferences determined from previous laboratory studies may be vastly different from preferences exhibited by moths in the field, where the abundance of particular hosts may be more likely to determine host preference. In support of this prediction, a number of field studies have shown that the ‘attractiveness’ of different hosts for H. armigera oviposition may depend on the relative abundance of these host species. Insect learning may play a fundamental role in the design and application of present and future integrated pest management strategies such as the use of host volatiles, trap crops and resistant crop varieties for monitoring and controlling this important pest species.
Solubility of CO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>S, and Their Mixture in the Ionic Liquid 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonylimide (2012)

Gaseous solubilities of carbon dioxide (1), hydrogen sulfide (2), and their binary mixture (x(2) ≈ 0.2, 0.5, 0.8) have been measured in the ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonylimide ([C(8)mim][Tf(2)N]) at temperatures ranging from (303.15 to 353.15) K and at pressures under 2 MPa. The observed PTx solubility data were used to obtain Henry's law constants and correlated by three models: (1) the simple Krichevsky-Kasarnovsky (KK) equation, (2) a model comprised of the extended Henry's law and the Pitzer's virial expansion for the excess Gibbs free energy, and (3) the generic Redlich-Kwong (RK) cubic equation of state proposed for gas-ionic liquid systems. The correlations from the three models show quite good consistency with the experimental data for IL/CO(2) and IL/H(2)S binary mixtures within experimental uncertainties. For IL/CO(2)/H(2)S ternary mixtures, the RK model shows the best correlation with the experimental data. The comparison showed that the solubility of H(2)S is about two times as great as that of CO(2) in the ionic liquid studied in this work. It was further found, by comparison of the experimental data of this study with those of previous reports, that the solubility of H(2)S in [C(n)mim][Tf(2)N] ILs increases as the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl substituent of methylimidazolium cation, n, increases. In addition, quantum chemical calculations at DFT/B3LYP level of theory using 6-311+G(d) and 6-311++G(2d,2p) basis sets were performed on the isolated systems studied in this work to provide explanations from a molecular point of view for the observed experimental trends.
Vehicle speed estimation based on the image motion blur using RADON transform (2010)

In this paper we propose a novel approach for vehicle speed estimation based on the motion blur occurring in the image taken by still camera. when the camera shutter remains open for an extended period of time, because of existence relative motion between camera and object, Motion blur is occurred. Blurred image has two different parameters. One of them is direction of motion and the other is length of motion. For extracting blurred image parameter, first, the Fourier transform is taken from image and then Radon transform is used for extracting direction of motion. For extracting length of motion, we used our purposed method. There is a relation between motion parameters and vehicle speed. Finally Speed estimation is performed by imaging geometry, extracted blur parameters and the camera parameters. Proposed method improved accuracy of measurement motion blur parameters and then accuracy of speed estimation than the others purposed methods.
Through the Eyes of Women: The Sexual and Psychological Responses of Women to their Partner’s Treatment with Self-Injection or External Vacuum Therapy (1992)

We prospectively delineated and contrasted the sexual, marital and psychological responses of women to their partner's use of 2 treatments for erectile dysfunction: 1) self-injection of papaverine and phentolamine, and 2) vacuum tumescence therapy. The women were assessed at 5 points during a 12-month period with psychometric questionnaires and clinical interviews. Statistical analysis indicated that the women responded equally well to both treatments. They demonstrated significant increases in frequency of intercourse, sexual arousal, coital orgasm and sexual satisfaction. No significant changes were noted on the psychometric questionnaires. The women reported feeling more at ease in their relationships and characterized sex as more leisurely, relaxed and assured. Negative responses focused on the lack of spontaneity and hesitation about initiating sex. Self-injection and vacuum pump therapy restore potency in men and secondarily facilitate improved sexual function in women.
One-Stage Microvascular Transfer of a Latissimus Flap to the Sacrum Using Vein Grafts (1986)

A large irradiated wound of the lumbosacral area is covered in one stage with a latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap by "extending" the vascular pedicle with 25-cm interpositional vein grafts.
Lanthanum Strontium Manganite Powders Synthesized by Gel‐Casting for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathode Materials (2007)

Lanthanum strontium manganite ((La 0.8 Sr 0.2 ) 0.9 MnO 3 ; LSM) powder was successfully synthesized by an aqueous gel‐casting technique, using carbonaceous precursors. Both thermal and X‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the gel‐casting LSM powder formed a single perovskite phase at 850°C, which is 100°–150°C lower than that of the LSM powder prepared by the conventional solid‐state reaction route. The significantly reduced phase formation temperature of the gel‐casting LSM powder is most likely due to the homogeneously distributed and immobilized precursor particles in a polymeric network, promoting the sintering and crystallization process. The LSM electrode prepared by the gel‐cast LSM powder showed good electrocatalytic activity for the O 2 reduction reaction for solid oxide fuel cells.
Controlled Auxiliary Circuit to Improve the Unloading Transient Response of Buck Converters (2009)

In this paper, a controlled auxiliary circuit is presented to improve the transient response of a Buck converter. It is well established that for converter applications with a large input/output voltage ratio, voltage overshoots (due to step-down load transients) are much larger than corresponding voltage undershoots (due to step-up load transients). Therefore, the goal of the proposed method is to reduce the overshoot. The control method only activates the auxiliary circuit during step-down load transients and operates by rapidly transferring excess load current from the output inductor of a Buck converter to the converter's input. The proposed method behaves as a controlled current source to remove a constant regulated current from the output of the Buck converter. The duration of activation of the auxiliary circuit is also regulated. The proposed circuit has the following advantages: 1) predictable behavior allowing for simplified design; 2) inherent over-current protection; and 3) low peak current to average current ratio allowing for use of smaller components. In addition, the proposed auxiliary controller estimates the magnitude of the unloading transient and sets the auxiliary current proportional to the transient magnitude. This allows for greater design flexibility and increases the auxiliary circuit efficiency for unloading transients of lesser magnitude. In this paper, it is shown through analysis, simulation, and experimental results that a large reduction of voltage overshoot and output capacitor requirements can be realized through the addition of a small MOSFET, diode, and inductor.
Synthesis of thieno-[2,3-b]-, -[3,2-b]- and -[3,4-b]-thiophenes and thieno-[3′,2′:4,5]-, -[2′,3′:4,5]- and -[3′,4′:4,5]-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-ones starting from thiophene (1994)

3-Bromo-, 3,5-dibromo- and 3,4,5-tribromo-2-thienyllithium have been prepared by bromine → lithium exchange and converted into a number of thiophene derivatives, including the corresponding 2-carbaldehydes. The aldehydes have been converted into the corresponding thiophene 2-carbonitriles. Metallation of 2,5-dibromo- or 2,4,5-tribromo-thiophene with LDA occurred at a vacant 3-position but the resulting 3-lithiated thiophenes rearranged (mechanism discussed) to 3,5-dibromo- and 3,4,5-tribromo-2-thienyllithium, which were quenched with various electrophiles. Attempts to dilithiate 2,5-dibromothiophene with LDA were unsuccessful. 3,4-Dibromo-2,5-dilithiothiophene was prepared from 2,3,4,5-tetrabromothiophene but it failed to yield the 2,5-dicarbaldehyde with N,N-dimethylformamide. The title thienothiophenes were prepared by reaction of a 3-bromothiophene-2-carbaldehyde, a 2-bromothiophene-3-carbaldehyde (prepared by bromination of a thiophene-3-carbaldehyde) or a 4-bromothiophene-3-carbaldehyde, or a corresponding nitrile, with ethyl 2-sulfanylacetate or 2-sulfanylacetamide. Thienothiophenes carrying an o-aminocarboxamide substitution pattern gave the title thienothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinones with triethyl orthoformate.
Ensemble classifier based training data refinement technique for classification of remotely sensed optical images (2017)

In this study, an ensemble classifier based method is investigated to detect and discard mislabelled training samples from training set. To decide, whether to discard a sample from the training set, majority voting is considered for an ensemble constructed using kNN, RBF neural network and SVM classifier which are diverse in their decision making. Further, this method is compared with conventional statistical anomaly detection based filter and multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (GA) based filters, in terms of its ability to handle the number of mislabeled samples present in the training set. The performance of all the filters is tested at different levels of mislabelling. At 95% confidence level, the ensemble classifier based filter is the best among all the implemented filters. It can detect and remove mislabeled training samples even if 40% training samples are mislabeled.
Adaptive Tracking Moving Targets Based on MACA Algorithm (2011)

Moving target tracking is widely used in various fields, but adaptive tracking algorithm is not ideal. Proposed a multi-mode adaptive CamShift algorithm (MACA). CamShift algorithm will be sensitive to the characteristics of H component extended to the S, V components, convex combination model is constructed using multi-objective programming optimal solution method for the best combination of solution adaptive color recognition, with the inclination to identify and target-based IIR filter state of motion information to predict tracking technology made color more complex target scene is rotated, block and rate of change can accurately track the results. The experiments show that the algorithm has good robustness and adaptive ability.