gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulatory T cells in human pregnancy (2010)

During pregnancy, fetal tolerance has to be achieved without compromising the immune integrity of the mother. CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ regulatory cells (Tregs) have received vast attention as key players in immune regulation. However, the identification of human Tregs is complicated by their similarity to activated nonsuppressive T cells. The general aim of this thesis was to determine the antigen specificity, frequency, phenotype and function of Tregs in first to second trimester healthy and severe early-onset preeclamptic human pregnancy. Regarding antigen specificity, we observed that in healthy pregnant women, Tregs suppressed both TH1 and TH2 reactions when stimulated with paternal alloantigens but only TH1, not TH2 reactions when stimulated with unrelated alloantigens. Hence, circulating paternal-specific Tregs seem to be present during pregnancy. Further, by strictly defining typical Tregs (CD4dimCD25high) using flow cytometry, we could show that as a whole, the Treg population was reduced already during first trimester pregnancy as compared with non-pregnant women. This was in contrast to several previous studies and the discrepancy was most likely due to the presence of activated non-suppressive cells in pregnant women, showing similarities to the suppressive Tregs. Although deserving confirmation in a larger sample, severe early-onset preeclampsia did not seem to be associated with alterations in the circulating Treg population. The circulating Treg population was controlled by hormones which, alike pregnancy, reduced the frequency of Foxp3 expressing cells. Yet, in vitro, pregnancy Tregs were highly suppressive of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and showed an enhanced capability of secreting immune modulatory cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10, as well as IL-17, indicating an increased plasticity of pregnancy Tregs. At the fetalmaternal interface during early pregnancy, Tregs, showing an enhanced suppressive and proliferating phenotype, were enriched as compared with blood. Further, CCR6- TH1 cells, with a presumed moderate TH1 activity were enhanced, whereas pro-inflammatory TH17 and CCR6+ TH1 cells were fewer as compared with blood. This thesis adds to and extends the view of Tregs as key players in immune regulation during pregnancy. In decidua, typical Tregs seem to have an important role in immune suppression whereas systemically, Tregs are under hormonal control and are numerically suppressed during pregnancy. Further, circulating pregnancy Tregs show reduced expression of Foxp3 and an increased degree of cytokine secretion and thereby also possibly plasticity. This would ensure systemic defense against infections with simultaneous tolerance at the fetal-maternal interface during pregnancy.
DQN-Based Optimization Framework for Secure Sharded Blockchain Systems (2020)

High levels of scalability and reliability are needed to support the massive Internet-of-Things (IoT) services. In particular, blockchains can be effectively used to safely manage data from large-scale IoT networks. However, current blockchain systems have low transactions per second (TPS) rates and scalability limitations that make them unsuitable. To solve the above issues, this article proposes a deep Q network shard-based blockchain (DQNSB) scheme that dynamically finds the optimal throughput configuration. In this article, a novel analysis of sharded blockchain latency and security-level characterization is provided. Using the analysis equations, the DQNSB scheme estimates the level of maliciousness and adapts the blockchain parameters to enhance the security level considering the amount of malicious attacks on the consensus process. To achieve this purpose, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agents are trained to find the optimal system parameters in response to the network status, and adaptively optimizes the system throughput and security level. The simulation results show that the proposed DQNSB scheme provides a much higher TPS than the existing DRL-enabled blockchain technology while maintaining a high security level.
<title>Limited Angle CT Reconstruction Using A Priori Information</title> (1982)

Projection data that are limited in number and range of viewing angle cannot completely specify an arbitrary source function. In the space of all permissible functions there exists a null subspace about which the projection measurements provide no information. Deterministic reconstruction algorithms usually set the null space contributions to zero leading to severe reconstruction artifacts. A Fit And Iterative Reconstruction (FAIR) method is proposed that incorporates a priori knowledge of the approximate functional form of the source. In FAIR the parameters of this functional model are determined from the available projection data by a weighted fitting procedure. The resulting distribution is then iteratively revised to bring the final estimate into agreement with the measured projections using a standard algorithm such as ART.
The EDB Test—A clinical test for the detection of antibodies to botulinum toxin type A (1997)

Approximately 5 to 10% of patients with cervical, segmental or multifocal dystonia receiving repetitive local injections with botulinum toxin A (BTX A) are estimated to develop secondary loss of treatment benefit (nonresponding) because of the formation of circulating serum antibodies against the neurotoxin. Because other reasons may account for loss of benefit during the course of treatment, the group of secondary nonresponders because of antibody formation need to be separated from the antibody-negative group by appropriate testing. We present an easy clinical antibody test based on a test injection of BTX A into an indicator muscle, the extensor digitorum brevis (EDB), combined with amplitude measurements of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) elicited by electrical nerve stimulation of the peroneal nerve before and after the injection. The results show that in a group of clinically defined secondary nonresponders, who were serologically proven to be antibody negative, a marked decrease in CMAP amplitude can consistently be detected in the injected EDB 4 weeks after BTX A injection. In contrast, antibody-positive patients are characterized by a lack of such decrease in amplitude. In all cases, results of the EDB test were in keeping with the standard mouse bioassay test. We conclude that the EDB test is a useful tool for clinicians faced with the question of whether a secondary nonresponding patient has in fact developed antibodies to BTX A.
Control of Humidity with Potassium Hydroxide, Sulphuric Acid, or other Solutions (1951)

Methods of preparing solutions of graded density for the accurate control of atmospheric relative humidity are described, and some pitfalls in their use and in the use of saturated salt solutions are indicated. For graded solutions of potassium hydroxide and of sulphuric acid, data from the International Critical Tables or more recent sources are used as the basis of tables giving the concentrations (wt.%) and densities corresponding to relative humidities in steps of 5 per cent. R.H. Sources of similar data for calcium chloride, sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, and glycerol solutions are given. As an addition to the compilation of the available data on humidities in contact with various saturated salt solutions by O'Brien (1948), some more recent figures are quoted.
Efficacy of addition of exogenous lactase to milk in adult lactase deficiency. (1988)

The efficacy of lactase by Kluyveromyces lactis in hydrolyzing milk lactose and reducing milk intolerance symptoms was tested in 52 proved lactose malabsorbers. The enzyme was added to milk administered to the patients, and H2 breath excretion (as an index of carbohydrate malabsorption), was determined by gas chromatograph technique, and milk intolerance symptoms were recorded. H2 mean excretion was 78.3 +/- 5.49 ppm after administration of intact whole milk 500 ml (test A), 43.5 +/- 4.99 ppm when lactase 2000 U was added to milk 500 ml immediately before administration (test B); 36.7 +/- 5.01 ppm when milk 500 ml was incubated for 12 h with lactase 1000 U (test C), and 29.7 +/- 4.35 ppm when the incubation was prolonged for 24 h (test D). Symptoms score was: test A = 5.85 +/- 0.56, test B = 3.71 +/- 0.45, test C = 2.77 +/- 0.63, test D = 1.7 +/- 0.68. A correlation index of r = 0.44 (p less than 0.01) was obtained between reduction in H2 mean excretion and reduction in symptoms score of a single individual. The addition of this lactase to milk seems to be effective in correcting lactose malabsorption, thus representing a convenient approach in milk intolerance.
ANALYSIS OF AMBULATORY SERVICE: MANAGEMENT AND DECENTRALIZATION IN THE AMBULATORY VASCULAR SURGERY OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF SAO JOSE DOS CAMPOS (2010)

An ambulatory characterize by its autonomy in the activities, installment of elective attendance, programmed and continuous, assistance to external clients. The objective of this work is to study the current conditions of the demand for attendance in the ambulatory, to analyze the sizing of the service based on attendances and propose a planning for implantation of new ambulatory services at local level. This search was performed in the Ambulatory of Vascular Surgery of the Unit of Specialties of Health of the Municipality of Sao Jose dos Campos-SP, analyzed given on the clients records of customers and systemic resources. Through sizing was possible to identify the demand of the ambulatory and functioning of the service. It can be concluded that the demand of the regions for ambulatory service has a similar distribution with basis on the percentage of attendance, expansion of the ambulatory in the direction to cover the biggest number of clients and establish norms for the procedures.
Interactive local color transfer based on Coupled Map Lattices (2009)

The paper presents a new interactive local color transformation method base on GrowCut image segmentation algorithm. The method improves Maslennikova et al's CIM based color transformation algorithm by using coupled map lattices (CML). An intuitive and easy user interface is also supported. User just needs to draft some trails both in reference and target image to make the local color matched. The color transformation method represents some good characteristics auto-repair and segmentation with the usage of GrowCut.
Deficient learning and memory in early and middle phases of multiple sclerosis. (1984)

Forty-three patients with multiple sclerosis showed disturbances in short-term memory, learning, and delayed recall which were associated with years of active disease (average was 4.5 years), age, presence of flareup, but not steroid/ACTH treatment. Unrecognised memory loss might be prevalent early in the natural history of multiple sclerosis and deserves neuropsychological assessment.
Mechanical Traction Techniques for Long-Gap Esophageal Atresia: A Critical Appraisal (2013)

The use of mechanical traction appears to be at least as effective as delayed primary anastomosis for the management of long-gap EA. Future prospective studies and the establishment of a prospective registry are required to further elucidate this issue.
O NEGRO E O PODER NO BRASIL: uma proposta de agenda de pesquisa (2006)

Este artigo analisa a literatura sobre o negro e o poder no Brasil, mostrando que apesar de a sociedade brasileira ser multirracial e multiétnica, historicamente, as ciências sociais brasileiras têm dedicado pouca atenção aos estudos sobre a participação do negro na arena política nacional. O autor sustenta que os pesquisadores têm negligenciado o tema “negro e política ”, sobretudo os determinantes da sub-representação deste grupo nos cargos do Legislativo e Executivo. Conclui sugerindo a necessidade da realização de pesquisas sobre o comportamento dos negros enquanto eleitores, grupos de pressão e candidatos, e o desenvolvimento de estudos comparativos de campanhas eleitorais que envolvam candidaturas de negros a cargos majoritários e proporcionais. Também é destacada a importância da realização de estudos na área de mídia e política, para compreender as estratégias de comunicação dos políticos negros e a influência da propaganda política nos processos eleitorais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Eleição, participação política, políticos negros, agenda de pesquisa. BLACKS AND POWER IN BRAZIL: proposal of an agenda for the survey Cloves Luiz Pereira Oliveira This article analyses literature on black people and power in Brazil, showing that although the Brazilian society is multiracial and multi-ethnical, historically the Brazilian social sciences have not paid much attention to the studies on the blacks’ participation in the national political arena. The author states that the surveyors have neglected the “blacks and politics” topic, especially the determinants of the subrepresentation of this group in the legislative and executive positions. It ends up suggesting the need of carrying out researches on blacks’ behavior as voters, pressure groups and candidates, as well as the development of comparative studies of the political campaigns involving the election of blacks to higher rank positions. The importance of the development of studies in the media and political scenario is also highlighted to understand the strategies of communication of the black politicians and the influence of the political propaganda on the election processes. KEY WORDS: Election, political participation, black politicians and agenda of the survey Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Reactive Oxygen Species (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Formulation of products from soybean oil (1981)

Abstract High quality shortenings and margarines may be produced using soybean oil as the only fat source or using soybean oil as the primary fat source with the addition of a small amount of hydrogenated cottonseed or palm oil to provide crystal stability. These shortenings and margarines are manufactured by direct hydrogenation or by blending hydrogenated and/or unhydrogenated base stocks. The properties of soybean oil preclude the need for processes other than hydrogenation and blending to produce most margarine and shortening products. It is possible to design an integrated base stock program in which a limited number of base stocks may be used jointly in margarine and shortening formulations. This type of base stock program results in fewer hydrogenation department heels and simplifies scheduling of the hydrogenation department as well as scheduling of overall operations. Solid fat index (SFI) is the analysis used for final product consistency control. While base stocks are blended to meet a final SFI requirement, this analysis is too time‐consuming to be used in hydrogenation control and individual hydrogenation batches are controlled using refractometer number and congeal points. Finished product characteristics are a result of decisions that must be made regarding characteristics such as plastic range and AOM stability, which are incompatible.
Identification of molecular interactions between P-site tRNA and the ribosome essential for translocation (2001)

Translocation of the tRNA-mRNA complex is a fundamental step in the elongation cycle of protein synthesis. Our studies show that the ribosome can translocate a P-site-bound tRNA(Met) with a break in the phosphodiester backbone between positions 56 and 57 in the TPsiC-loop. We have used this fragmented P-site-bound tRNA(Met) to identify two 2'-hydroxyl groups at positions 71 and 76 in the 3'-acceptor arm that are essential for translocation. Crystallographic data show that the 2'-hydroxyl group at positions 71 and 76 contacts the backbone of 23S rRNA residues 1892 and 2433-2434, respectively, in the ribosomal E site. These results establish a set of functional interactions between P-site tRNA and 23S rRNA that are essential for translocation.
Optical network analyzer applied for fiber Bragg grating characterization (1997)

The complete reflectivity Jones matrix of a grating is measured interferometrically. Required polarization transformers need not be accurate, just reproducible, because redundant measurements yield orthogonal polarization pairs. - Applications include improvement offiber Bragg grating fabrication.
Investigating the Influence of Information Quality, Information Seeking, and Familiarity with Purchase Intentions: A Perspective of Instagram Users in Indonesia (2020)

Instagram is a combination of commercial features with customer-oriented social computing that is often used by the Indonesian people to purchase products online. Instagram can be used by sellers and marketers to market and sell their products. This research proposed strategies that can support sellers and marketers by analyzing the factors that influence Purchase Intention on Instagram, including (1) Hedonic Motivation, (2) Review, (3) Information Quality, (4) Media Richness, (5) Trust, (6) Familiarity, and (7) Information Seeking. The data obtained in this study were processed with Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLSSEM). The results of this study are Information Quality, Information Seeking, and Familiarity were proven to influence Purchase Intention on Instagram users in Indonesia.
High-Speed Scanning in Human Memory (1966)

When subjects judge whether a test symbol is contained in a short memorized sequence of symbols, their mean reaction-time increases linearly with the length of the sequence. The linearity and slope of the function imply the existence of an internal serial-comparison process whose average rate is between 25 and 30 symbols per second.
Reconstructing 3-D light-microscopic images by digital image processing (1985)

A reconstruction procedure based on linear system theory has been developed for 3-D light-microscopic images. Inverse filtering with the 3-D optical transfer function was used for image reconstruction. The procedure allows a significant improvement in spatial resolution in the image planes perpendicular to the optical axis.
The Future of the Mobile Payment as Electronic Payment System (2016)

The development of the Internet and the arrival of e-commerce fostered digitalization in the payment processes by providing a variety of electronic payment options including payment cards (credit and debit), digital and mobile wallets, electronic cash, contactless payment methods etc. Mobile payment services with their increasing popularity are presently under the phase of transition, heading towards a promising future of tentative possibilities along with the innovation in technology.In this paper, we will evaluate the current state and growth of mobile payments and other electronic payment systems in markets around the world and take a look at the future of this industry.We analyze various systems of electronic payment services, security issues related to them and the future of the mobile payment mode.This paper will also examines the factors affecting adoption of mobile payment methods by consumers.With all the security and convenience provided by mobile electronic payment method, we can expect further growth of mobile payments worldwide even surpassing payments made by credit and debit cards.However, there are several barriers identified to the adoption of this payment method; so certain measures should be taken to grant this industry a promising future ahead.
Effects of Guinea Pepper (Aframomum melegueta) on Gastric Acid Secretion in Albino Rats (1994)

A saline extract of guinea pepper (Aframomum melegueta) was given intragastrically to rats and found to stimulate gastric acid secretion within 90 min from a mean basal rate of 18.2 ueq./10 min to a peak level of 126.0 μeq./10 min. Intramuscular atropine (5 mg/kg) or cimetidine (12 μM/kg) significantly inhibited the extract-induced gastric acid secretion within 30 min. It is suggested that guinea pepper-induced gastric acid secretion is produced by stimulation of both muscarinic and histaminic receptors.
A Passive Circulator with High Isolation using a Directional Coupler for RFID (2006)

In radio-frequency identification (RFID) system, a directional coupler has been used to isolate RX from TX due to its simplicity and low cost compared with a circulator. Nevertheless, a conventional microstrip directional coupler has inherent drawback of poor isolation due to unequal phase velocity between even and odd mode. In this paper, a newly proposed circulator using a microstrip directional coupler is proposed to achieve good isolation between TX and RX. The proposed circulator is used for UHF band RFID reader with a single antenna, of which the operating frequency band is 860 MHz-960 MHz. The measurement of the fabricated circulator using a modified directional coupler exhibits excellent isolation of 64 dB and directivity of 49 dB in its frequency band. The validity of the proposed circulator is demonstrated by comparing the TX leakage at the RX port of RFID reader system with that of a conventional directional coupler
Instruction-level parallelism for low-power embedded processors (2000)

These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 2110 (1999)Faculte informatique et communicationsLaboratoire de systemes logiquesJury: Wen-Mei Hwu, Jean-Daniel Nicoud, Christian Piguet, Alain Wegmann Public defense: 2000-1-21 Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-2110Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2005-03-16, modified on 2016-08-08
A Digital Image Processing Method for Detecting Pollution in the Atmosphere from Camera Video (2020)

In this thesis we examine the use of digital cameras to detect the magnitude of atmospheric pollution present in the atmosphere. Digital cameras are inexpensive and are being used in countless areas, many of which are outdoors and very public. For example, we see digital cameras located at street intersections, city and state parks, and recreation areas. The theory presented in this paper could help agencies to monitor air quality at any of these sites. Our theory is based on certain molecules and particles that are present in clean air absorb, luminesce, refract, reflect, or scatter the red, green, and blue (RGB) visible light spectrum in a measurable manner. The longer wavelength components (red side) of visible light through the atmosphere are scattered less than the shorter wavelength components (blue side). The blue component is scattered more than the other color components (and, thus, is responsible for our blue sky). The longer wavelength components of visible light are also refracted less than the shorter wavelength components. The presence of certain pollutants and suspended particles in air will cause different levels of absorption, re-emission, refraction, or scattering in the RGB spectrum than that for cleaner air.
Spermine triggers the activation of caspase‐3 in a cell‐free model of apoptosis (1999)

Polyamines are ubiquitous organic cations required for cell proliferation. However, some evidence suggested that their excessive accumulation can induce apoptosis. We show here that, in a post-nuclear extract from U937 cells, the addition of spermine triggers the death program, represented by cytochrome c exit from mitochondria, the dATP-dependent processing of pro-caspase-3 and the onset of caspase activity. Spermine is more effective than spermidine, whereas putrescine has no effect. Polyamine acetylation abolishes their pro-apoptotic power. These data demonstrate a direct mechanism responsible for polyamine toxicity and also suggest that an excessive elevation of free polyamines could be involved in the transduction of a death signal.