gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical Security Aspects of E-Cash (2014)

Almost half century back the "barter system" was common when the commodities could be exchanged. But with the advancement of technologies in various fields, a revolutionary change has come into effect. The main effect has been in the monetary system. Internet has been a prime factor which has made life simple and fast one such innovation is e-cash. E-cash has brought tremendous change in payment method. It has replaced the conventional method of transactions, now money has become the intangible item and can easily travel across the world. In this paper, we have discussed about the e-cash system, money flow and its payment process followed by the psychological antecedents over less use of e-cash and the proposed model that requires the maintenance of database among the consumer and financial institution in aspects of security.
An estimation-free, robust conditional value-at-risk allocation model (2008)

We propose a novel optimization model for risk-averse investors to obtain robust solutions for portfolio allocation problems. Unlike related models in the literature, no historical data or statistical estimation techniques are used to compute the parameters of the model. Instead, the parameters are directly obtained from current prices of options on the assets being considered. Furthermore, the model only requires the solution of a linear program. To find a robust portfolio, we minimize the portfolio’s worst case conditional value-at-risk over all asset return distributions that replicate the current option prices. The model addresses the main practical limitations associated with classical portfolio allocation techniques, namely, the high sensitivity to model parameters and the difficulty to obtain accurate parameters’ estimates. These characteristics, together with their linear programming formulation and the use of a coherent downside measure of risk, should be appealing to practitioners. We provide numerical experiments to illustrate the characteristics of the model.
Development and Flight Test of an Avionics Lidar for Helicopter and UAV Low-Level Flight (2013)

In recent years, laser radar (LIDAR) has become a promising technology for navigation and obstacle avoidance in helicopters and UAV, mainly because of its good wire detection performance on a wide range of incidence angles, and also due to its outstanding range and accuracy. In this paper we describe the activities carried out for the design, integration and test of the Laser Obstacle Avoidance System 'Marconi' (LOAM) on helicopter and UAV platforms. After a brief description of the system architecture and sensor characteristics, emphasis is given to the performance models and processing algorithms required for obstacle detection/classification and calculation of alternative flight paths, as well as to the ground and flight test activities performed on various platforms.
Abnormal processing of beta Knossos RNA (1984)

Hemoglobin beta Knossos (beta 27Ala-Ser) is a cause of beta-thalassemia due to its reduced synthesis. To investigate the basis for this observation, we have isolated the beta Knossos gene and examined its expression in heterologous cells. We have found that some beta Knossos RNA transcripts are abnormally processed, utilizing a cryptic splice sequence that is enhanced by the Knossos substitution. This form of abnormal RNA processing is seen in two other mutations in this region (a silent substitution in codon 24 and the substitution in codon 26 that produces the beta E variant) and most likely contributes appreciably to the reduced synthesis of beta Knossos.
Analysis of unconventional evolved electronics (1999)

article Free Access Share on Analysis of unconventional evolved electronics Authors: Adrian Thompson Univ. of Sussex, Brighton, UK Univ. of Sussex, Brighton, UKView Profile , Paul Layzell Univ. of Sussex, Brighton, UK Univ. of Sussex, Brighton, UKView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 42Issue 4April 1999pp 71–79https://doi.org/10.1145/299157.299174Published:01 April 1999Publication History 78citation1,090DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations78Total Downloads1,090Last 12 Months54Last 6 weeks15 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteView all FormatsPDF
Searching online database services over the Internet (1993)

Pour lever la confusion existante entre les ressources d'informations futures (dont celles du NREN, National Research and Education network) accessibles par Internet et Internet qui est d'abord un reseau de telecommunication, le propos de cet article est de decrire comment utiliser Internet pour acceder aux services commerciaux d'information en ligne tels que DIALOG, STN et autres
Squaric Acid Diethylester: A Simple And Convenient Coupling Reagent (1991)

A new method for the covalent modification of polymers in a two-step process is described. Squaric acid diethylester reacts with primary or secondary aliphatic amines selectively to ester amides. It is shown for the first time that this class of compounds react with polymeric systems containing amine functionalities (e.g. ε-amino groups of proteins) in aqueous solution, forming stable squaric acid diamide linkages. Three different monoamides were synthesized and the reaction rates of diamide formation versus hydrolysis were determined. Detailed kinetic studies revealed that unwanted hydrolytic side-reactions are more than ten times slower than the formation of squaric acid diamides
Study on pharmacodynamics of Chinese herbal drug Guijiu and its lignan (2002)

Object To study the antitumor effects of extracts from the fruits, roots and rhizomes of Sinopodophyllum emodi (Wall.) Ying, the roots and rhizomes of Dysosma furfuracea S.Y. Bao and the podophyllotoxin, deoxypodophyllotoxin of Guijiu plants in mice. Methods Tumor borne mice with transplanted HepA and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) were used to observe the antitumor and the liver protective effects of the above five samples, which were given orally. Results Extracts of roots and rhizomes of S. emodi, and D. furfuracea showed the significant antitumor effects. Conclusion All the five samples have antitumor activity.
A new dual-material gate LDMOS for RF power amplifiers (2006)

In this paper, a novel silicon RF lateral double-diffused metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (LDMOSFET) structure, using an effective concept of dual-material gate (DMG), is proposed. The gate of the DMG-LDMOS consists of S-gate (the first gate approaching source with high workfunction material p+ poly) and D-gate (the second gate approaching drain with low workfunction material n+ poly). The MEDICI simulations reveal that the DMG-LDMOS can reduce the peak electric field of drain, enhance transconductance and breakdown voltage, which result in a more rapidly acceleration of carriers in the channel and a screening effect to suppress hot carrier effects
Influence of Al doping on microstructural, optical and photocatalytic properties of sol–gel based nanostructured zinc oxide films on glass (2014)

Al content dependent defect concentration (oxygen vacancies) and Rhodamine 6G dye photodecomposition activity of sol–gel nanostructured ZnO thin films.
Intracellular Trafficking of Bile Salt Export Pump (ABCB11) in Polarized Hepatic Cells: Constitutive Cycling between the Canalicular Membrane and rab11-positive Endosomes (2004)

The bile salt export pump (BSEP, ABCB11) couples ATP hydrolysis with transport of bile acids into the bile canaliculus of hepatocytes. Its localization in the apical canalicular membrane is physiologically regulated by the demand to secrete biliary components. To gain insight into how such localization is regulated, we studied the intracellular trafficking of BSEP tagged with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) in polarized WIF-B9 cells. Confocal imaging revealed that BSEP-YFP was localized at the canalicular membrane and in tubulo-vesicular structures either adjacent to the microtubule-organizing center or widely distributed in the cytoplasm. In the latter two locations, BSEP-YFP colocalized with rab11, an endosomal marker. Selective photobleaching experiments revealed that single BSEP-YFP molecules resided in canalicular membranes only transiently before exchanging with intracellular BSEP-YFP pools. Such exchange was inhibited by microtubule and actin inhibitors and was unaffected by brefeldin A, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, taurocholate, or PI 3-kinase inhibitors. Intracellular carriers enriched in BSEP-YFP elongated and dissociated as tubular elements from a globular structure adjacent to the microtubule-organizing center. They displayed oscillatory movement toward either canalicular or basolateral membranes, but only fused with the canalicular membrane. The pathway between canalicular and intracellular membranes that BSEP constitutively cycles within could serve to regulate apical pools of BSEP as well as other apical membrane transporters.
Clique topology reveals intrinsic geometric structure in neural correlations (2015)

Detecting meaningful structure in neural activity and connectivity data is challenging in the presence of hidden nonlinearities, where traditional eigenvalue-based methods may be misleading. We introduce a novel approach to matrix analysis, called clique topology, that extracts features of the data invariant under nonlinear monotone transformations. These features can be used to detect both random and geometric structure, and depend only on the relative ordering of matrix entries. We then analyzed the activity of pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampus, recorded while the animal was exploring a 2D environment, and confirmed that our method is able to detect geometric organization using only the intrinsic pattern of neural correlations. Remarkably, we found similar results during nonspatial behaviors such as wheel running and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. This suggests that the geometric structure of correlations is shaped by the underlying hippocampal circuits and is not merely a consequence of position coding. We propose that clique topology is a powerful new tool for matrix analysis in biological settings, where the relationship of observed quantities to more meaningful variables is often nonlinear and unknown.
A laser interferometer encoder with two micromachined gratings generating phase-shifted quadrature (2011)

This paper presents a laser interferometer encoder which generates a quadrature signal by using two gratings with a phase difference. The phase difference comes from an 86 nm step difference between the gratings. The step is about 1/8 of the wavelength of the laser. Thus, two diffracted optical signals generated from the two gratings have about 90° phase difference from each other. The two gratings are fabricated on a quartz wafer with two different periods, 4 and 6 µm, to avoid the overlapping of the two diffraction signals in detection. Simulation results using propagation of an angular spectrum of the laser source through the gratings are compared with experiment results for displacement measurement. The comparison of both results shows very close correlation. It also confirms that the resolution of the developed sensor is 1/8 of the wavelength of the HeNe laser by using the quadrature signals.
An object-oriented resource model for supporting singaling and control of broadband services (2003)

A very flexible resource model for use in long-term broadband integrated services digital network (BISDN) control and signaling is described. The focus is on resource model definition for defining an initial set of elementary objects and/or compound objects, i.e. objects composed of several elementary objects that can be used to describe all foreseeable configurations and form a basis for control and signaling protocols. The term resource is used to refer to logical resources. The robust and flexible resource model describes multimedia, multiparty communications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antireflection Coatings for Germanium and Silicon in the Infrared* (1958)

Very hard and durable single layer antireflection coatings for Ge and Si have been made which result in a peak transmittance of better than 98% at any desired wavelength in the infrared up to about 15μ. Silicon monoxide makes an excellent antireflection coating for silicon and germanium in the near infrared, but cannot be used in the 10-μ region where it becomes strongly absorbing. Zinc sulfide has been found to be the most suitable antirefiecting material at the longer wavelengths. Under proper conditions zinc sulfide films, which in the past have frequently exhibited unsatisfactory durability, can be prepared as very hard and adherent antireflection coatings for germanium and silicon. The best zinc sulfide films are obtained when the substrate is heated to about 150°C and cleaned with a dc glow discharge just before the evaporation is made. The coatings can stand several hours boiling and several days immersion in water without damage and have been used for periods up to one year without showing any deterioration.
Acquired Gefitinib-Resistant Mutation of EGFR in a Chemonaive Lung Adenocarcinoma Harboring Gefitinib-Sensitive Mutation L858R (2005)

Covering 60 years of research without mentioning a paper that highlights fl aws in the literature, in a review, should negate any conclusion. In the Cochrane review by Douglas et al. [1], which is referenced in the Best Practice article by Douglas and Hemil [2], there was no mention of the revealing paper published last year by Padayatty et al. [3], which shows that three-times greater blood concentration can be achieved with an oral dose of vitamin C than previously thought possible. Since viruses increase the demand for ascorbic acid, the oral doses used in the reviewed studies appear trivial, and would not be expected to produce any positive effect. Compare human oral dose studies to what animals synthesize throughout the day. It is obvious that a single dose of a watersoluble vitamin, regardless of the number of milligrams consumed, will not elevate blood plasma levels enough to produce a preventive or therapeutic effect.
[Effect of ethanol on human polynuclear neutrophils. In vitro and in vivo study]. (1985)

Human polynuclear neutrophilic function was studied to determine the role of alcohol in the increased susceptibility to infection of chronic alcoholics: in vitro studies investigated the effects of different concentrations of ethanol; in vivo studies included comparison with healthy subjects after alcohol intake, with excessive drinkers without liver disease and with chronic alcoholics with confirmed cirrhosis. In vitro depression of polynuclear neutrophilic function was observed only with significantly higher concentrations of ethanol than encountered clinically. In social and excessive drinkers, phagocytosis was decreased but there was no change in bactericidal activity. On the other hand, in cirrhotic alcoholics chemotaxis, phagocytosis and bactericidal activity were all significantly reduced. A direct action of alcohol alone on polynuclear function would not seem to be the cause of the increased risk of bacterial infection of chronic alcoholics.
Implementation of CMOS Low-power Integer-N Frequency Synthesizer for SOC Design (2008)

The paper reports the implementation of a frequency synthesizer for system-on-chip (SOC) design. The epi-digital CMOS process is used to provide SOC solution. This work focuses on low-power consumption to achieve longer life-time of batteries. A 2.4GHz frequency synthesizer has been fabricated in 0.18µm epi-digital CMOS technology for ZigBee applications, which consumed 7.95 mW from 1.8V supply. The synthesizer has achieved phase-noise of −81.55dBc/Hz and −108. 55dBc/Hz at 100kHz and 1MHz offset, respectively. The settling time measured is less than 25µs for an output frequency change of 75MHz from 2.4GHz. The chip core area is 0.75 × 0.65mm2.
ACCURACY OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF MENISCAL AND ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT TEARS. (2006)

Aim: This retrospective study was undertaken to establish the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing medial meniscal, lateral meniscal and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. Materials and methods: Sixty patients who had arthroscopic knee surgery following MRI scans were included in the study. MRI findings were then compared with the pathologies noted at subsequent arthroscopy. Results: In this study, the sensitivity of MRI in diagnosing tears was 67% (ACL), 100% (medial meniscus) and 57% (lateral meniscus) whereas the specificity was 91%(ACL), 46 %(medial meniscus) and 77 % (lateral meniscus).The positive predictive values were 29% (ACL), 68% (medial meniscus) and 57% (lateral meniscus). The negative predictive values were 98% (ACL), 100% (medial meniscus) and 76% (lateral meniscus). Conclusion: In contrast to some studies, these findings indicate a lower accuracy for MRI scanning in detecting tears of, in particular of the ACL and lateral meniscus. We suggest that where symptoms and clinical findings support one of these diagnoses and arthroscopic therapeutic intervention is contemplated, that MRI scanning is not beneficial. The additional expense and delay in management seems inappropriate given the findings we have demonstrated.
CCK-Induced Reduction of Food Intake and Hindbrain MAPK Signaling Are Mediated by NMDA Receptor Activation (2012)

The dorsal vagal complex of the hindbrain, including the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), receives neural and humoral afferents that contribute to the process of satiation. The gut peptide, cholecystokinin (CCK), promotes satiation by activating gastrointestinal vagal afferents that synapse in the NTS. Previously, we demonstrated that hindbrain administration of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor antagonists attenuate reduction of food intake after ip CCK-8 injection, indicating that these receptors play a necessary role in control of food intake by CCK. However, the signaling pathways through which hindbrain NMDA receptors contribute to CCK-induced reduction of food intake have not been investigated. Here we report CCK increases phospho-ERK1/2 in NTS neurons and in identified vagal afferent endings in the NTS. CCK-evoked phospho-ERK1/2 in the NTS was attenuated in rats pretreated with capsaicin and was abolished by systemic injection of a CCK1 receptor antagonist, indicating that phosphorylation of ERK1/2 occurs in and is mediated by gastrointestinal vagal afferents. Fourth ventricle injection of a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, prevented CCK-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hindbrain neurons and in vagal afferent endings, as did direct inhibition of MAPK kinase. Finally, fourth ventricle administration of either a MAPK kinase inhibitor or NMDA receptor antagonist prevented the reduction of food intake by CCK. We conclude that activation of NMDA receptors in the hindbrain is necessary for CCK-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the NTS and consequent reduction of food intake.
Copper Compounds in Anticancer Strategies (2009)

The chemical properties of copper allow it to take part in many biological functions such as electron transfer, catalysis, and structural shaping. The ability to cycle between +1 and +2 oxidation state is one of the features that has been exploited by organisms throughout the evolutionary process. Since copper is potentially toxic to cells also a finely controlled mechanism for copper handling has evolved. On the other side, many copper complexes were synthesized and tested for their anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. Their ability to kill cancer cells is mainly related to the induction of an oxidative stress, but recently it emerged their ability to inhibit the proteasome, a protein complex whose proteolitic activity is needed by several cellular process. It has generally been described that the toxic effects of copper complexes leads to cell death either by necrosis or through the activation of the apoptotic process. Evidences are rising about the ability of some copper compounds to induce alternative non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death. Since copper is indispensable for the formation of new blood vessels, angiogenesis, a different antitumor approach based on the administration of copper sequestering agents has been attempted and its effectiveness is currently under evaluation by clinical trials. The proven essentiality of copper for angiogenesis, together with the marked sensitivity shown by several cancer cell lines to the copper toxicity, open a new perspective in the anticancer strategy: exploiting the tumor need of copper to accumulate toxic amount of the metal inside its cells.
A Novel Crack Quantification Method for Ultra-High-Definition Magnetic Flux Leakage Detection in Pipeline Inspection (2022)

Cracks that may cause pipeline cracking and leakage become the main risk of in-service pipelines after conventional metal loss defects have been detected. Therefore, it is imperative to develop ultra-high-definition magnetic flux leakage (MFL) detection for cracks. Due to the larger spatial sampling interval of conventional MFL inspections than the crack defect width, sparse sampling will result in problems such as missed detection of crack defects or insufficient signal sampling of crack defect MFL signals. To address the problem, this paper presents a detection topology in which the magnetic field signal is integrated first and then sampled, and it can effectively sample the leakage magnetic field of cracks. Furthermore, a magnetic field spatial integration (MFSI) method is proposed based on the magnetic dipole model, which develops an analytical solution for the depth quantification of crack defects. Using the multi-MFL spatial integral values under different lift offs, iterative equations are constructed, and the numerical solution for the width quantification of crack defects is provided. The finite element simulation and physical experiment are constructed. And, the results show that the proposed MFSI method can realize the quantification of crack size. When the crack defect aspect ratio is greater than 4, the quantization error of the crack depth and width does not exceed 0.7 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively. The robustness of the MFSI method for crack quantification is also discussed and verified. Moreover, based on theoretical analysis and simulation data, this paper concludes that the distribution of cracks MFL signal is width-insensitive, which would cause that classic MFL opening profile recognition methods for metal loss defects are no longer applicable to crack defects. Therefore, the proposed MFSI method is useful and meaningful for crack defect quantification in ultra-high-definition MFL detection.
Transformation of Oxidation Products and Reduction of Estrogenic Activity of 17β-Estradiol by a Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Reaction (2008)

A novel photo-Fenton catalyst, alpha-FeOOH loaded resin (alpha-FeOO HR), was synthesized and evaluated through transformation of a steroidal endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC), 17beta-estradiol (E2), under weak UV irradiation in the presence of H2O2. E2 photodegradation intermediates elucidated in detail by GC/MS and LC/MS/MS analyses and detailed reaction pathways are proposed. A yeast-based estrogen screen for E2 and its photodegradation intermediates was performed to measure the reduction of estrogenic activity in different water matrices during the heterogeneous photo-Fenton process. The results showed that alpha-FeOOHR not only degraded E2 but also removed the estrogenic activity originating from E2, its degradation intermediates, and its products. However, the water matrix present in drinking water may impactestrogenic activity reduction. The results are important to evaluate the ability of photo-Fenton advanced oxidation processes in reducing EDCs and their associated estrogenicity from drinking water.