gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a dual mass spectrometer system for rapid simultaneous determination of hydrogen-2/hydrogen-1 and oxygen-18/oxygen-16 ratios in aqueous samples (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaluation of a dual mass spectrometer system for rapid simultaneous determination of hydrogen-2/hydrogen-1 and oxygen-18/oxygen-16 ratios in aqueous samplesWilliam W. Wong, Mercedes P. Cabrera, and Peter D. KleinCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 11, 1852–1858Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00275a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00275a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cloud Computing Security (2020)

Cloud services vary from data storage and processing to software provision, posing requirements for high availability and on-demand commitment-free provision of services. Cloud providers must provide information through their privacy policy and/or upon request of the data subjects. Cloud providers must support, in an easy and safe way, data subjects to exercise their right to object against their personal data processing. Cloud providers should satisfy all requests of the data subjects to access/rectify their personal data. The first category includes the threats against the infrastructure and the host of a cloud system. Cloud services employed, operational models and the technologies used to employ cloud services are the sources of the new threats. The majority of threats in cloud systems are relevant to the entire cloud infrastructure. Employees can often pose a serious threat to the cloud system. Deficient training or negligence is heavily concerned with erratic and unpredictable actions of the average employee.
Characterization of bovine herpesvirus-1 isolated from trigeminal ganglia of clinically healthy cattle. (1984)

Isolates of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) recovered from tissue explants of trigeminal ganglia of clinically healthy cattle were studied in vitro and in an animal model, and their characteristics were compared with those of vaccine and field strains of BHV-1. The isolates could be distinguished by their plaque size on cell monolayers, but were not significantly different in their thermal inactivation profiles at 48 C. Temperature-sensitive mutants were not found among the isolates when they were grown at 41 C. Selected isolates had different pathogenicity when inoculated in young rabbits.
Parameter estimation of breast tumour using dynamic neural network from thermal pattern (2016)

This article presents a new approach for estimating the depth, size, and metabolic heat generation rate of a tumour. For this purpose, the surface temperature distribution of a breast thermal image and the dynamic neural network was used. The research consisted of two steps: forward and inverse. For the forward section, a finite element model was created. The Pennes bio-heat equation was solved to find surface and depth temperature distributions. Data from the analysis, then, were used to train the dynamic neural network model (DNN). Results from the DNN training/testing confirmed those of the finite element model. For the inverse section, the trained neural network was applied to estimate the depth temperature distribution (tumour position) from the surface temperature profile, extracted from the thermal image. Finally, tumour parameters were obtained from the depth temperature distribution. Experimental findings (20 patients) were promising in terms of the model's potential for retrieving tumour parameters.
Theory of loaded scatterers (1964)

A general formulation is given for the problem of electromagnetic scattering by an object having N terminal pairs (or ports) to which N loads or an N-port network is connected. The theory is applicable to back scattering and bistatic scattering, reciprocal and nonreciprocal media, near-field and far-field scattering and passive and active loads. The representation is made in terms of both open-circuit impedance parameters and short-circuit admittance parameters. Variational formulas for all parameters are given. Specialisation to the case of planewave scattering is made. Relationships between scattering parameters and commonly defined antenna parameters are given. Several examples of applications of the theory are included.
High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantitatively Detects Individual Pancreatic Islets (2011)

Data show that MEHFMRI quantitatively visualizes individual islets in the intact mouse pancreas, both ex vivo and in vivo.
A comprehensive guide to the management of anaemia (2015)

A systematic approach to evaluation and investigation is key to the successful management of anaemia. Our drug review considers the various oral and parenteral treatments available.
DataSpread: Unifying Databases and Spreadsheets. (2015)

Spreadsheet software is often the tool of choice for ad-hoc tabular data management, processing, and visualization, especially on tiny data sets. On the other hand, relational database systems offer significant power, expressivity, and efficiency over spreadsheet software for data management, while lacking in the ease of use and ad-hoc analysis capabilities. We demonstrate DataSpread, a data exploration tool that holistically unifies databases and spreadsheets. It continues to offer a Microsoft Excel-based spreadsheet front-end, while in parallel managing all the data in a back-end database, specifically, PostgreSQL. DataSpread retains all the advantages of spreadsheets, including ease of use, ad-hoc analysis and visualization capabilities, and a schema-free nature, while also adding the advantages of traditional relational databases, such as scalability and the ability to use arbitrary SQL to import, filter, or join external or internal tables and have the results appear in the spreadsheet. DataSpread needs to reason about and reconcile differences in the notions of schema, addressing of cells and tuples, and the current "pane" (which exists in spreadsheets but not in traditional databases), and support data modifications at both the front-end and the back-end. Our demonstration will center on our first and early prototype of the DataSpread, and will give the attendees a sense for the enormous data exploration capabilities offered by unifying spreadsheets and databases.
Intention-Aware Autonomous Driving Decision-Making in an Uncontrolled Intersection (2016)

Autonomous vehicles need to perform social accepted behaviors in complex urban scenarios including human-driven vehicles with uncertain intentions. This leads to many difficult decision-making problems, such as deciding a lane change maneuver and generating policies to pass through intersections. In this paper, we propose an intention-aware decision-making algorithm to solve this challenging problem in an uncontrolled intersection scenario. In order to consider uncertain intentions, we first develop a continuous hidden Markov model to predict both the high-level motion intention (e.g., turn right, turn left, and go straight) and the low level interaction intentions (e.g., yield status for related vehicles). Then a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) is built to model the general decision-making framework. Due to the difficulty in solving POMDP, we use proper assumptions and approximations to simplify this problem. A human-like policy generation mechanism is used to generate the possible candidates. Human-driven vehicles’ future motion model is proposed to be applied in state transition process and the intention is updated during each prediction time step. The reward function, which considers the driving safety, traffic laws, time efficiency, and so forth, is designed to calculate the optimal policy. Finally, our method is evaluated in simulation with PreScan software and a driving simulator. The experiments show that our method could lead autonomous vehicle to pass through uncontrolled intersections safely and efficiently.
Plasma Antioxidant Vitamins and Subsequent Cancer Mortality in the 12-Year Follow-up of the Prospective Basel Study (1991)

Plasma antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E and carotene were measured in a group of 2,974 men participating in the third examination of the prospective Basel Study in 1971-1973. In 1985, the vital status and mortality of all participants were assessed. A total of 204 men had died from cancer, including 68 with bronchus cancer and 37 with gastrointestinal cancer (20 with stomach cancer and 17 with large bowel cancer excluding cancer of the rectum). Overall mortality from cancer was associated with low mean plasma levels of carotene adjusted for cholesterol (p less than 0.01) and of vitamin C (p less than 0.01). Bronchus and stomach cancers were associated with a low mean plasma carotene level (p less than 0.01). Subjects with subsequent stomach cancer also had lower mean vitamin C and lipid-adjusted vitamin A levels than did survivors (p less than 0.05). After calculation of the relative risk using the Cox model with exclusion of mortality during the first 2 years of follow-up, low plasma carotene (below quartile 1) was associated with a significantly increased risk for bronchus cancer (relative risk (RR) = 1.8, p less than 0.05), low plasma levels of carotene and vitamin A with all cancers (RR = 2.47, p less than 0.01), and low plasma retinol in older subjects (greater than age 60 years) with lung cancer (RR = 2.17, p less than 0.05). Low levels of vitamin C increased the risk of stomach cancer (RR = 2.38) and gastrointestinal cancer (RR = 2.46) in older subjects, but only significantly with the inclusion of the first 2 years. The authors conclude that low plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins are associated with an increased risk of subsequent cancer mortality. This effect was stronger in men above age 60 years at blood sampling, and the effect seems to be site-specific.
MCM: Mobile Cloud Middleware (2011)

Mõlemad, pilvearvutuse ja mobiilse arvutuse suunad, on kiiresti arenenud ja paljulubavad tehnoloogiad lähitulevikus. Pilvearvutus muutub mobiilseks kui mobiiliseade võtab ühendust pilvearvutuse poolt pakutava jagatud arvutusressursiga. Mobiilsed tehnoloogiad juhivad peamiselt oma tähelepanu pilvearvutustele, põhjusel et mobiilsete rakenduste ressursi nõudlus pidevalt kasvab, olgu selleks siis kas nõudlus rohkema arvutusressursi, salvestusruumi või energiakokkuhoiu jaoks. Mobiilsed rakendused saavad kasu pilve arvutuse paindlikkusest ülesannete lahendamisel, kuid samal ajal toimivad praktiliselt reaalajas käiva teenusena.\n\nMobiilsete rakenduste loomine, mis kasutavad pilvearvutus teenuseid, on keeruline ja sisaldab töötamist teenuste ja API-dega erinevatelt pilvearvutuse pakkujatelt. Enamus neist API-dest ei ole omavahel ühendatud ja informatsioon, mis on arvutatud ja salvestatud ühe pilve poolt, ei ole ülekantav teistesse pilvedesse. Et ära hoida antud probleemi, vaatleb käesolev väitekiri vahevara lahendust, Mobiilse pilve vahevara (Mobile Cloud Middleware - MCM), mis haldab koostöötamise küsimusi ja kergendab keerukate teenuste koostöötamist mobiilsetel seadmetel. Töötati välja MCM’i prototüüp ja üksikasjalik raamistiku jõudluse analüüsi näitab, et vahetarkvara raamistik, parandab teenuse kvaliteeti mobiilides ja aitab säilitada pehme reaalaja vastuseid.\n\nKäesolev lõputöö on samuti realiseerinud mitu juhtumi uuringut, kasutades MCM’i. Üks neist on Zompopo, Android’i rakendus, mis pakub intelligentset kalendrit, ühendades Google Calendar’i ja kiirendusanduri mobiilis, mis võimaldab kasutajal sättida oma ajakava päeva algusest peale, tuginedes vastavalt eelmise nädala tegevustele. Rakendus on detailselt lahti seletatud arhitektuuri ja tehnoloogiliste valikute kohapealt. Rakendus kasutab MapReduce’i, et analüüsida kiirendusandurite andmeid, tuletades igat kõrvalekallet regulaarsest kalendri ajakavast, kasutades efektiivselt ära pilvearvutuse ressursse. Samuti on esitatud üksikasjalik rakenduse jõudluse analüüs, näidates kuidas mobiilne rakendus saab kasu pilvearvutuse kasutamisest.\n\nPeale Zompopo prooviti lõputöös veel realiseerida mõningaid teisi sotsiaalse võrgustiku rakendusi, kasutades MCM’i. Sotsiaalsed võrgustikud on muutunud tänapäeval üsna populaarseteks ja inimeste sotsiaalsete gruppide kujunemise tulemusel toimub liikmete vaheline koostöö ja info jagamine. CroudSTag, mis on arendatud Android’i rakendusest, on abivahendiks mobiilsetes seadmetes ühiste huvidega sotsiaalsete gruppide kujundamisel. Antud rakendus kasutab pildiarhiivi pilve andmelaost, kasutab näotuvastuspilve teenuseid inimeste identifitseerimiseks ja moodustab tuvastatud inimestest sotsiaalsed grupid Facebook’is - enamikule tuntud sotsiaalses võrgustikus. Rakendus on lahti seletatud detailselt arhitektuuri ja tehnoloogiliste valikute kohapealt. Rakenduse jõudluse analüüs näitab, et mobiilsetest seadmetest võib luua sotsiaalseid gruppe võrdlemise lihtsalt ja aktsepteeritava jõudluse näitajatega, kasutades MCM-i.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ATOMS IN GAS-COVERED <font>Pd</font>-X NANOPARTICLES (X=<font>Ag</font>, <font>Cu</font>, <font>Ni</font>, <font>Pt</font>) (2000)

A Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation procedure has been developed where the pair bond energies are allowed to take into account the various coordination numbers of surface atoms and the presence of adsorbates. The pair bond energies are calculated from partial bond energies of atoms which, in turn, are calculated from modified tight binding model in the second moment approximation. The model has been applied to study the role of adsorption of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide and nitric oxide on the surface composition and surface bond geometry of bimetallic Pd -X(X= Ag , Cu , Ni , Pt ) nanoparticles having fcc cubo-octahedral geometry with 586 atoms. The results are compared with the known experimental results. Importance of the results in studying reactions on supported bimetallic catalysts has been highlighted.
A EXISTÊNCIA DE NORMAS ERGA-OMNES DE DIREITO INTERNACIONAL HUMANITÁRIO: fundamentos para um jus cogens universal. (2015)

O presente ensaio cientifico tem como objetivo identificar a possibilidade de se compreender normas peremptorias de Direito Internacional Publico como possiveis agentes de protecao aos Direitos Humanos em escala internacional. Neste sentido, divide-se o mesmo em tres: uma etapa introdutoria com intuito de fundamentar a existencia de normas de jus cogens internacional e de seu poder de imperio; uma segunda onde verifica-se a constitucionalizacao sistemica decorrente da criacao desta natureza de norma, especialmente no que tangem os Direitos Humanos; e uma etapa final onde conclui-se pelo fato de que algumas normas que protegem Direitos Humanos de fato possuem esta qualidade, devendo ser vistas como parte de um conjunto de valores compartilhados que se sobrepoem a quaisquer outros, nao podendo ser violados por agentes estatais ou infra estatais.
Molecular Detection of Circulating Prostate Cancer Cells (2003)

Molecular methods have proven extremely useful for the detection of occult tumor cells and can yield valuable clinical information as well as a better understanding of the mechanisms of metastasis and relapse of cancer (1). In the case of many hematopoietic malignancies, the presence of a unique molecular marker such as a chromosomal translocation has made this task relatively straightforward. Carcinomas generally lack such markers, however. Certain oncogene mutations have been targeted, but the lack of consistent and specific markers has remained problematic.
Chitinase and chitin synthase 1: counterbalancing activities in cell separation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1992)

Previous results [E. Cabib, A. Sburlati, B. Bowers & S. J. Silverman (1989) Journal of Cell Biology 108, 1665-1672] strongly suggested that the lysis observed in daughter cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective in chitin synthase 1 (Chs1) was caused by a chitinase that partially degrades the chitin septum in the process of cell separation. Consequently, it was proposed that in wild-type cells, Chs1 acts as a repair enzyme by replenishing chitin during cytokinesis. The chitinase requirement for lysis has been confirmed in two different ways: (a) demethylallosamidin, a more powerful chitinase inhibitor than the previously used allosamidin, is also a much better protector against lysis and (b) disruption of the chitinase gene in chs1 cells eliminates lysis. Reintroduction of a normal chitinase gene, by transformation of those cells with a suitable plasmid, restores lysis. The percentage of lysed cells in strains lacking Chs1 was not increased by elevating the chitinase level with high-copy-number plasmids carrying the hydrolase gene. Furthermore, the degree of lysis varied in different chs1 strains; lysis was abolished in chs1 mutants containing the scs1 suppressor. These results indicate that, in addition to chitinase, lysis requires other gene products that may become limiting.
Single Reference Frame Multiple Current Macroblocks Scheme for Multiple Reference Frame Motion Estimation in H.264/AVC (2007)

Due to the multiple reference frame motion estimation (MRF-ME), an H.264/AVC encoder requires ultrahigh memory bandwidth. Conventional multiple reference frames single current macroblock (MRSC) scheme only considers the data reuse within one frame, and requires on-chip memory size and off-chip memory bandwidth in proportional to the reference frame number. In this paper, a single reference frame multiple current macroblocks (SRMC) scheme is presented to further exploit the data reuse at frame level. With frame-level rescheduling of the motion estimation ME procedures in different reference frames, one loaded search window can be utilized by multiple current MBs in different original frames. The demanded on-chip memory size and off-chip memory bandwidth for MRF-ME can thus be reduced to those supporting only one reference frame. Moreover, based on SRMC scheme, an architecture prototype with two-stage mode decision flow is proposed. For HDTV specifications, 62.21 KB (74.8%) of SRAM and 364.3 MB/s (62.6%) of system bandwidth are saved in comparison with the MRSC scheme
Magnetotelluric inversion for minimum structure (1988)

Abstract Structure can be measured in terms of a norm of the derivative of a model with respect to a function of depth f(z), where the model m(z) is either the conductivity sigma or log sigma . An iterative linearized algorithm can find models that minimize norms of this form for chosen levels of chi-squared misfit. The models found may very well be global minima of these norms, since they are not observed to depend on the starting model. Overfitting data causes extraneous structure. Some choices of the depth function result in systematic overfitting of high frequencies, a 'blue' fit, and extraneous shallow structure. Others result in systematic overfitting of low frequencies, a 'red' fit, and extraneous deep structure. A robust statistic is used to test for whiteness; the fit can be made acceptably white by varying the depth function f(z) which defines the norm. An optimum norm produces an inversion which does not introduce false structure and which approaches the true structure in a reasonable way as data errors decrease. Linearization errors are often so small that models of sigma (but not log sigma ) may be reasonably interpreted as the true conductivity averaged through known resolution functions.
Thermal coefficients of the optical path length and refractive index in YAG (1998)

The changes in optical path length and refractive index with temperature are measured at 633 nm in undoped YAG in the 85-285 K temperature range. At 100 K the change in optical path length with temperature is only ~25% of its value at 300 K; the change of refractive index with temperature is also substantially reduced at low temperatures.
Purification and properties of the biotin repressor. A bifunctional protein. (1982)

Definitive evidence is presented for the bifunctional nature of the biotin repressor protein which possesses both regulatory and enzymatic activities. The repressor protein can activate biotin in the presence of ATP to form biotinyl-5'-adenylate, the co-repressor which remains tightly bound to the repressor protein. This complex can either bind to the operator site and inhibit transcription or transfer the biotinyl moiety to a lysine residue of the apoenzyme of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. The two activities were coincident throughout a purification procedure which resulted in a 3500-fold increase in activity. Gel electrophoresis of the purified preparation, under native or denaturing conditions, showed three proteins with the activity corresponding to the major protein band of apparent Mr = 34,000. On gel exclusion chromatography, the activity was also associated with a protein of Mr varying fro 37,000-44,000, indicating the protein is monomeric. The occasional appearance of multiple bands with biological activity in the native gels suggests that the repressor protein can also exist in multimeric forms. On chromatofocusing, the repressor activity and the holoenzyme synthetase activity were coincidental, with the peak of activity at pH 7.2, the isoelectric point. Only a single protein band with Mr = 34,000 was observed on SDS gel electrophoresis of all fractions showing activity.
Inhibiting Effect of Oleanolic Acid on Ovarian Carcinomas IGROV1 and Breast Cancer Cell Line MDA-MB-231 (2010)

The inhibitory activity of oleanolic acid (OA) at various concentrations on ovarian carcinomas IGROV1 and breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 were evaluated by restricting cell proliferation, and MTT was used to measure cell viability. The results showed that OA could signifi cantly inhibit the viability of the ovarian carcinoma cells IGROV1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line, comparing with the control group. IC50 values of tumor cells were 36.58 μg/mL and 38.8 μg/mL (P0.01). Therefore, oleanolic acid could inhibit the two malignant tumor cells viability, and the inhibitory activity of OA to ovarian carcinomas IGROV1 was higher than that to breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Fig 2, Tab 4, Ref 15