gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of the Discrimination between Polytechnic Education and University Education on the Overall Technological Development of Nigeria (2015)

Education is the bedrock of every nation and no aspect as well as level of it ought to be neglected so as to engender all round national development. Polytechnic Education in Nigeria today offers about 70% of technological programmes which are great veritable tools for nation building and overall development of our country Nigeria. On the contrary Polytechnic Education over the years had suffered serious neglect and great discrimination against its graduates as well as certificate, Higher National Diploma (HND) in favour of its counterpart, the University graduates and certificate, Bachelor of Science (B.Sc) or Bachelor of Engineering-(B.Eng). This  paper therefore seek to eliminate the discrimination between Polytechnic Education and University Education in Nigeria as well as the effects of discrimination on the nation’s economic/technological life so as to guarantee a bright future for it technologically through appropriate recommendations. Keywords: Polytechnic, University, Education, Discrimination, Degree, Diploma, Development, Technology
7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mutation in theTk gene ofTk+/? mice: Automated scoring of lymphocyte clones using a fluorescent viability indicator (2000)

7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) is a rodent carcinogen and a potent in vivo mutagen for the X-linked hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) gene of rats and for the lacI transgene of Big Blue mice and rats. Although DMBA is also a powerful clastogen, molecular analysis of these DMBA-induced hprt and lacI mutations indicates that most are single base-pair (bp) substitutions and 1- to 3-bp frameshifts. In the present study, we evaluated the types of mutations induced by DMBA in the autosomal thymidine kinase (Tk) gene of Tk(+/-) mice. Male and female 5- to 6-week-old animals were injected i.p. with DMBA at a dose of 30 mg/kg. Five weeks after the treatment, hprt and Tk mutant frequencies were determined using a limiting dilution clonal assay in 96-well plates. We established conditions for the automated identification of wells containing expanded lymphocyte clones using the fluorescent indicator alamarBlue. This procedure allowed the unbiased identification of viable clones and calculation of mutant frequencies. In male mice, DMBA treatment increased the frequency of hprt mutants from 1.8 +/- 1.1 to 34 +/- 9 x 10(-6), and Tk mutants from 33 +/- 12 to 78 +/- 26 x 10(-6); treated female mice had a significant but lower increase in hprt mutant frequency than did males. Molecular analysis of DMBA-induced Tk mutants revealed that at least 75% had the entire wild-type Tk allele missing. The results indicate that the predominant types of DMBA-induced mutation detected by the autosomal Tk gene are different from those detected by the X-linked hprt gene. The Tk gene mainly detects loss of heterozygosity mutation, whereas the majority of mutations previously found in the hprt gene were point mutations.
The influences of VCM quality on the quality of PVC resin (2004)

Through tracing and analyzing the quality of VCM and PVC,the effects of VCM quality on the polymerization reaction of vinyl chloride and the quality of PVC resin were grasped preliminary.The results showed that:if the contents of Fe,acid,water ard 1,2-EDC in VCM seriously exceeded the indexes,the whiteness of PVC resin would reduce and the thermal stability of PVC resin could be influenced;if the contents of chloromethane and chloroethane exceeded the indexes,the number of fish eyes in PVC resin would increased;if the contents of chloroe thane and 1,2-EDC exceeded the indexes,the polymerization degree of PVC resin would decrease.
[The relationships between exposure of periconceptional environmental risk factors and risks of common, structural birth defects]. (2008)

The common structural birth defects were affected by a number of environmental risk factors. There was also a dose-response relationship between the number of environmental risk factors and occurrence risks of structural birth defects noticed in our study.
Irradiation Effects on RIA Fragmentation Cu Beam Dump (2006)

Within the scope of conceptual research and development (R&D) activities in support of the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) facility, high priority is given to the development of high-power fragmentation beam dumps. A pre-study was made of a static water-cooled Cu beam dump that can meet requirements for a 400 MeV/A uranium beam. The issue of beam sputtering was addressed and found to be insignificant. Preliminary radiation transport simulations show significant damage (in displacements per atom, DPA) in the vicinity of the Bragg peak of the uranium ions. Experimental data show that defects in Cu following neutron or high-energy particle irradiation tend to saturate at doses between 1 and 5 DPA, and this saturation in defect density also results in saturation of mechanical property degradation. However, effects of swift heavy ion irradiation and the production of gaseous and solid transmutant elements still need to be addressed. Initial calculations indicate that He concentrations on the order of 400 appm are produced in the beam dump after several weeks of continuous operation and He embrittlement may be a concern. Recommendations are made for further investigation of Cu irradiation effects for RIA-relevant conditions.
Radiogallium localization in tumors: blood binding and transport and the role of transferrin. (1980)

As a crucial step toward the understanding of the tumor localization of gallium, we have re-investigated its binding and transport in blood. The studies were performed in vivo by injection of gallium-67 citrate in rabbits, and in vitro by incubation of gallium-67 citrate with individual plasma proteins. By ultrafiltration and gel filtration chromatography, rabbit plasma samples showed essentially complete protein binding, whereas dialysis indicated considerable nonprotein-bound gallium, the amount depending on the dialysis medium. According to electrophoresis, total binding was inversely proportional to electrophoresis time. Affinity chromatography showed all gallium to be bound to transferrin, whereas electrophoresis caused continuous dissociation of gallium from transferrin, with the resulting unbound radioactivity appearing in various other protein bands. Similarly, the binding of gallium to transferrin in the in vitro incubation studies was inversely proportional to electrophoresis time, whereas ultrafiltration and gel filtration chromatography showed all gallium to be transferrin-bound. No binding of gallium to other proteins, such as albumin, was observed. This study demonstrates that gallium at the tracer level in blood is exclusively bound to and transported by transferrin, and indicates that electrophoresis and dialysis of easily dissociable metal complexes are subject to significant artifacts. Accurate determination of protein binding of radiopharmaceuticalsmore » requires a combination of analytical techniques and cautious interpretation of the results.« less
An object-oriented tool for tracing requirements (1996)

Large scale development demands tracing requirements and other objects in the face of continuous evolution. Requirements change in nature, scope, content, and form to become more consistent, accurate, complete, and clear. We present a tracing tool that supports evolution and that treats requirements and relations among them as objects.
Driving Markov chain Monte Carlo with a dependent random stream (2012)

Markov chain Monte Carlo is a widely-used technique for generating a dependent sequence of samples from complex distributions. Conventionally, these methods require a source of independent random variates. Most implementations use pseudo-random numbers instead because generating true independent variates with a physical system is not straightforward. In this paper we show how to modify some commonly used Markov chains to use a dependent stream of random numbers in place of independent uniform variates. The resulting Markov chains have the correct invariant distribution without requiring detailed knowledge of the stream's dependencies or even its marginal distribution. As a side-effect, sometimes far fewer random numbers are required to obtain accurate results.
The cellular mechanism of maintenance of neonatally induced tolerance to H-2 class I antigens. (1983)

We used limiting dilution analysis protocols to investigate the mechanism by which in vitro cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) hyporeactivity is maintained in adult mice that had been neonatally tolerized to major histocompatibility complex-encoded antigens. Class I molecules, presented on donor cells having an H-2 K or D region haplotype difference from recipients, readily induce tolerogen-specific CTL hyporeactivity. All attempts to identify any in vitro effects of active suppressive cells operative in the maintenance of this hyporeactivity have been unsuccessful. We conclude that this cytotoxic deficiency is the consequence of in vivo mediated clonal inactivation of the precursors of tolerogen-specific CTL. A presentation and evaluation of the assumptions inherent in this conclusion are made. In contrast to class I molecules, class II molecules, presented on donor cells having an H-2 I region haplotype difference from recipients, are unable to induce tolerogen-specific CTL hyporeactivity, even when injected neonatally at high doses. This inability of class II molecules to induce CTL tolerance parallels the considerable difficulty of inducing helper T lymphocyte tolerance to class II molecules.
Independent contractors' tax status about to change (2009)

In terms of the explanatory memorandum to the bill, SARS aims to avoid practices breaking the employment link between an employer and employee to avoid the obligation on the employer to withhold tax.
Mobility (1957)

A nursery man knows how to provide essential needs for trees during a move. Do we study problems of children who are on the move? What do we do for children to help them make adjustments to new locations? How can we translate mobility into an opportunity for learning?
A double-blind trial of oral progesterone, alprazolam, and placebo in treatment of severe premenstrual syndrome (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the effectiveness of oral micronized progesterone, alprazolam, and placebo in premenstrual syndrome (PMS) treatment and the effect of clinical contact on treatment responses. <h3>Design.</h3> —Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 3-month parallel treatment arms with flexible dosage and with the length of clinical contact randomized within each treatment group. <h3>Setting.</h3> —University hospital PMS medical treatment outpatient program in obstetrics/gynecology department. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —Among volunteers for PMS treatment, 444 were evaluated and 185 meeting defined PMS criteria were randomized to treatment; treatment data are available for 170. There were no medical withdrawals for adverse events. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —A double-blinded protocol in which 300 mg of oral micronized progesterone, 0.25 mg of alprazolam, or placebo was administered four times a day from day 18 of the menstrual cycle through day 2 of the next cycle, including taper. The mean daily dose at the third treatment was 1760 mg of progesterone or 1.5 mg of alprazolam. Subjects were randomized to brief (<20 minutes) or extended (50 minutes) visits. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Daily symptom report (DSR) scored for total DSR symptoms, four DSR factors. <h3>Results.</h3> —Alprazolam was significantly better than placebo or progesterone for total premenstrual symptoms and DSR factors of mental function, pain, and mood. Thirty-seven percent of the alprazolam group experienced a 50% reduction in total DSR scores. There were no clinically significant withdrawal symptoms when alprazolam administration was restricted to the luteal phase. Oral micronized progesterone therapy was no better than placebo. Brief vs extended visits had no effect on treatment outcome. Treatment response was associated with severity of premenstrual symptoms at baseline but with no other diagnostic variables. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Alprazolam has a role in PMS treatment and offers a therapy limited to the luteal phase. Oral micronized progesterone is ineffective for PMS. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:51-57)
Age differences in peripheral letter perception. (1982)

The capacities of 96 eight- and nine-year-old children and 96 adults to discriminate letters in the visual periphery were tested. Four-letter arrays were presented at the fixation point or centered 4 degrees to the left or right. Threshold exposure durations were estimated by a method of ascending limits. Analyses of a transformed threshold measure revealed that although children were less able than adults to discriminate letters in all positions, age differences were greatest for peripherally presented arrays. Development specific to the peripheral visual systems seems implicated.
General Fractal Preserving Linear and Non-Linear Transformation (2010)

Inthis paper the most general fractal nature preserving linear transformation is derived starting from the most general linear lossless inhomogenous transformation, that is the Special Affine Fourier Transform, (SAFT). It is known that the SAFT is simply related to paraxial optical signal in relation to recent optics literature regarding linear transformations, fractal functions and self-reciprocal functions. It is indicated how these results further generalise results previously presented in the literature regarding some non-linear transforms of fractals and prefractals.
A Survey: WRC-2000 and IMT-2000 - The Search for Global Spectrum (2001)

IMT-2000. 1 The International Telecommunications Union's ("ITU") 2 buzzword of the moment for third-generation mobile services.This past Spring, IMT-2000 was one of the key items on the 2000 World Radiocommunication Conference * Jennifer Manner is the Director for International Alliances at WorldCom, Inc.She served on the U.S. delegation to the World
Improved synthesis of the super antioxidant, ergothioneine, and its biosynthetic pathway intermediates (2014)

Ergothioneine and mycothiol are low molecular mass redox protective thiols present in actinomycetes, in particular mycobacteria. We report the improved chemical synthesis of ergothioneine (ESH) and biosynthetic pathway intermediates using either histidine or ESH as the starting material. The detailed mechanism of ESH biosynthesis has not yet been completely elucidated and substrates for enzymes in the pathway will provide valuable tools to aid this study. Particularly interesting is the PLP dependent β-lyase, EgtE, of mycobacteria, having the capability of cleaving the substrate, S-(β-amino-β-carboxyethyl)ergothioneine sulfoxide, to provide ESH. A synthetic route toward ESH pathway intermediates also allowed the preparation of stable isotopically labelled hercynine-d3 which was enzymatically transformed into ESH-d3. The deuterated ergothioneine biosynthetic pathway metabolites are valuable tools for future studies.
Tone sandhi of young Taiwanese speakers (2018)

This paper addresses young Taiwanese speakers’ tone sandhi. A young speaker’s language is often a mixture of Taiwanese and Mandarin; though understanding Taiwanese, he/she frequently responds in Mandarin. This paper establishes a corpus of ‘young Taiwanese’, which reveals three different tone sandhi patterns from ‘general Taiwanese’. First, a j-break (sandhi domain break) may occur after a Xhead. Second, a j-break may occur after an adjunct XP. Finally, a j is restricted within three syllables. Young speakers seldom speak long Taiwanese expressions; they tend to break a long string into short fragments and match them with smaller syntactic or prosodic junctures.
Image Classification Based on KPCA and SVM with Randomized Hyper-parameter Optimization (2014)

Image classification is one of the most fundamental and useful activities in computer vision domain. For better accuracy and executing efficiency under the circumstance of high dimensional feature descriptors in image classification, we proposes a novel framework for multi-class image classification based on kernel principal component analysis(KPCA) for feature descriptors post-processing and support vector machine (SVM) with randomized hyper-parameter optimization for classification. We produce the image feature representation by extracting pyramid histogram of visual word (PHOW) descriptors of image, then map the descriptors though additive kernels. At the third step we use KPCA for feature dimensionality reduction. Finally we classify image by SVM with randomized hyper-parameter optimization. Extensive experiments are tested on two data sets: Msrcv2, 15-Scenes. These experiments justify that (1) feature descriptors with KPCA is superior to that with PCA for dimensionality reduction;(2)SVM with randomized hyper-parameter optimization greatly saves time while keeping high accuracy.
Living with the singularity of robot wrists (2005)

Robot manipulator motions near the wrist degeneracy often cause excessive joint rates that cannot be satisfied by the joint actuators and thus result in both position and orientation errors. We have developed an inverse Jacobian control policy that bounds the excessive rates while guaranteeing the position accuracy and minimizing the orientation error of the end effector.
[Changes in 5-methylcytosine content of plant DNA in proportion to the amount of flowering]. (1978)

A study has been made of the content of GC pairs and 5-methylcytosine in the total DNA of generative (inflorescences, flowers, flower buds) and vegetative (shoots, leaves, vegetative buds) organs in pea, tobacco and apple due to flowering gradient. In all the plants studied, the content of 5-methylcytosine in the DNA of generative organs in high as that in the DNA of vegetative organs. The DNA from various organs of one and the same plant hardly differs by the GC content. The differences in the amount of 5-methylcytosine are probably indictive of various levels of DNA methylation. Thus tissue (cell) DNA of both plants and animals differs in the content of 5-methylcytosine. Besides, methylation of genome in them changes upon flowering, i.e. we revealed the gradient of the degree of methylation of plant genome which correlates positively with the known flowering gradient. Methylation of plant genome regulated by phytohormone is possibly associated with cell differentiation and may be considered as being one of the mechanisms of regulation of transcription.
Phylogeny and Evolution of Medical Species of <i>Candida</i> and Related Taxa: a Multigenic Analysis (2004)

Hemiascomycetes are species of yeasts within the order Saccharomycetales. The order encompasses disparate genera with a variety of life styles, including opportunistic human pathogens (e.g., Candida albicans), plant pathogens (e.g., Eremothecium gossypii), and cosmopolitan yeasts associated with water and decaying vegetation. To analyze the phylogeny of medically important species of yeasts, we selected 38 human pathogenic and related strains in the order Saccharomycetales. The DNA sequences of six nuclear genes were analyzed by maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic methods. The maximum likelihood analysis of the combined data for all six genes resolved three major lineages with significant support according to Bayesian posterior probability. One clade was mostly comprised of pathogenic species of Candida. Another major group contained members of the family Metschnikowiaceae as a monophyletic group, three species of Debaryomyces, and strains of Candida guilliermondii. The third clade consisted exclusively of species of the family Saccharomycetaceae. Analysis of the evolution of key characters indicated that both codon reassignment and coenzyme Q(9) likely had single origins with multiple losses. Tests of correlated character evolution revealed that these two traits evolved independently.
Light transmission of phototherapy eyeshields. (1987)

Twelve types of phototherapy eyeshields showed peak light transmission of less than 0.1%, and none transmitted greater than 0.04% light in the 460 nm spectral region. Commercial eyeshields offered no advantage over locally made ones. The choice of shield may be less important than how it is secured over the infant's eyes.
Fengycin antibiotics isolated from B-FS01 culture inhibit the growth of<i>Fusarium moniliforme</i>Sheldon ATCC 38932 (2007)

Strain B-FS01, isolated from rape (Brassica napus) stem infected by Slerotinia sclerotiorum and identified as Bacillus subtilis, exhibited predominantly antagonistic activities against Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon ATCC 38932. Antifungal active compounds (AAC) were isolated and purified from the cultures of strain B-FS01 against ATCC 38932. The HPLC/electron spray ionization/collision-induced dissociation mass spectrum of AAC revealed a cluster of fengycin homologues containing fengycins A, fengycins B and a new type of fengycin. Further toxic assay of AAC in vitro against F. moniliforme indicated that AAC could strongly inhibit the growth of both mycelia and spores. In addition, treatment with AAC significantly modified the maize seed infection by ATCC 38932.
건설사업 참여주체 별 해외건설공사 국가리스크 핵심요인 도출 및 비교분석 (2013)

정부는 장기적인 관점에서 해외건설사업의 활성화와 수주 경쟁력 강화에 주력하고 있다. 최근에는 단순 도급공사 뿐만 아니라, 설계 및 엔지니어링, 건설사업관리(CM)) 사업의 해외진출 역시 점진적으로 늘어나는 추세이다. 하지만 현재까지 해당 분야에 대한 리스크 분석 사례는 미미한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 참여주체 별 해외건설공사 리스크에 대한 비교분석을 위하여 리스크를 계층화하고, 도출 된 리스크요인에 대하여 PI척도를 활용한 전문가 대상 설문을 실시하여 그 특징을 비교하여 보았다. 본 연구의 결과로써, 해외건설 국가리스크를 총 6 Section, 31개의 요소로 계층화 하였고, 이를 기초로하여 참여주체 별 중요도를 도출하였다, 또한 Risk Matrix에 따라 시공사 17개, 설계사 14개, CM사 17개의 핵심리스크 요인을 선정하고 이를 비교 분석 하였다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 건설사업 참여주체 별 사업 특성에 맞는 리스크관리전략 수립 및 평가모델 구축을 위한 기초자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.
N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists as potential therapeutic agents in neurodegenerative diseases (2004)

None.
Climate Zones of the Conterminous United States Defined Using Cluster Analysis (1993)

A regionalization of the conterminous United States is accomplished using hierarchical cluster analysis on temperature and precipitation data. The “best” combination of clustering method and data preprocessing strategy yields a set of candidate clustering levels, from which the 14-, 25-, and 8-duster solutions are chosen. Collectively, these are termed the “reference clusterings.” At the 14-cluster level, the bulk of the nation is partitioned into four principal climate zones: the Southeast, East Central, Northeastern Tier, and Interior West clusters. Many small clusters are concentrated in the Pacific Northwest. The 25-cluster solution can be used to identify the subzones within the 14 clusters. At that more detailed level, many of the areally more extensive clusters are partitioned into smaller, more internally cohesive subgroups. The “best” clustering approach is the one that minimizes the influences of three forms of bias-methodological, latent, and information-for the dataset at hand. Sources of, and remedies for, these biases are discussed. Sensitivity tests indicate that some of the clusters in the reference clusterings lack robustness, especially those in the Northeast quadrant of the United States. Some of the tests involve small and large alterations to the data preprocessing strategy. The major shortcomings of the analysis procedure are that the clusters are unnaturally constrained to he nonoverlapping and also that potentially important data from points outside of the political boundaries of the conterminous United States and over water are not included. Also, other variables that could be important or useful in characterizing climate type could be added to, or used in place of, the temperature and precipitation variables used herein. Further work on data preprocessing techniques is also required. Remedies for these and other shortcomings are proposed.