gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the radiation flux profile of the 100 sun promoteo facetted dish concentrator (2005)

All PV systems have cells or groups of cells connected in series in order to build up voltage and minimise current. Because current is almost linearly dependent on the incident light, the current in a string of identical solar cells will be limited by the cell with the least illumination. It is therefore important to achieve a flux profile as uniform as possible. Typically for dish concentrators this is achieved through the use of secondary flux modifiers which disperse light at the centre of the receiver more evenly. However, for a facetted dish such as the Prometeo, in theory the flux profile at the focus should be uniform. In practice it is costly to achieve highly accurate optics for a dish system, due to the need for both a tightly toleranced mirror support structure and a precise solar tracking system. The aim for the Prometeo system is to lower costs by using simple materials that can be manufactured without the need for precision tooling, and at the same time, to achieve a consistent flux profile on the whole PV receiver. In this paper the measured and simulated flux profiles are compared, and the results are discussed.
Interaction between Iron Droplets and H2S during Solidification: Effects on Heat Transfer, Surface Tension and Composition (2007)

In strip casting the heat extraction rate is limited by the thermal resistance at the interface between solidified shell and the mold (rolls for twin-roll strip casters). The objective of this work was to assess the effect of the use of atmospheres with gaseous species containing sulfur on the heat transfer rate experienced during droplet solidification against a water-cooled copper mold. This issue was addressed by the use of experimentation in which liquid Fe droplets solidified in direct contact with a copper chill substrate under an atmosphere of Argon mixed with a 95/5 mixture of H2 and H2S. The effect of the atmosphere composition was assessed by measuring in-mold heat transfer rates during solidification and by characterizing the solidified samples by sulfur printing and Scanning and Auger electron microscopy. The results were compared to those obtained using pure Fe in 95/5 atmosphere of Ar/H2. It was found that heat transfer rates were higher when the gas atmosphere contained H2S, result that can be explained by the decrease of the melt surface tension or the increase of the liquidus-solidus temperature difference due to the pick-up of sulfur from the gas phase into liquid iron.These results suggest that sulfur-containing atmospheres could be used to affect heat transfer rates in strip casting. To further explore this possibility, a simple model was developed in order to predict the change of melt surface tension and the change of sulfur content in the final product when also H2S is used in the shrouding atmosphere above the liquid pool of a twin-roll strip caster.
On combined statistical and <i>j</i> <i>z</i>-conserving coupled states approximations (1976)

In this paper we consider the collision of an atom and diatomic molecule within the framework of the jz-conserving coupled states approximation. Particular attention is focused on the dependence of jz CCS cross sections upon the rotor magnetic quantum number. It is found computationally that for the He+H2 and He+CO2 systems, the jz CCS partial cross sections σJλ0j0→j are approximately independent of the particular value of λ0, so that the full cross section can be estimated quite well by σj0→j?[π/k2j0(2j0+1) ΣJ(2J+1)(2 min(j0,j,J)+1) ‖TJλ0(j0‖j) ‖2, where ‖λ0(j0, j, J) ‖? min (j0, j, J). This is equivalent to a statistical approximation so far as the magnetic states of the rotor is concerned. By utilizing this fact, one need carry out jz CCS calculations only for λ0=0 and then employ the above expression for σj0→j to obtain all possible integral cross sections. This leads to an approximation scheme requiring the same computational effort as Rabitz’s effective potential method. However, the accuracy of the present approximation is expected to be better than the E.P. for the strongly interacting He+CO2 system. Furthermore, if only transitions involving larger j0, j are required, one may choose λ0=J for J&lt; min (j0, j) and λ0=min (j0, j) for J? min (j0, j). This results in even fewer equations to solve than the effective potential method. It enables one to systematically truncate the number of states coupled in order to calculate a given j0→j cross section since j′&lt;λ0 do not enter the equations. Thus, the truncated statistical jz approximation is the first fully quantal approach to inelastic molecular collisions which permits one to (a) select a transition ji→jf in which one is interested and (b) within the jzCCS approximation, rigorously eliminate all states j′&lt; min (ji, jf, J) for each J. Yet another level of approximtation can be obtained by combining the results of the statistical jz and truncated statistical jz approximations. The averaged results are found to be much more accurate than either approximation alone and in fact are within a very few percent of the full jzCCS results for the He+H2 and He+CO2 systems. The computational effort is simply the sum of that for the statistical jz and truncated statistical jz approximations. This is still very much less than a full jzCCS calculation and only slightly more work than the E.P. method. The results for the j0, j transitions with j0, j&lt;λ0 will be the same as the statistical jz method. Numerical results are presented for the He+H2 and He+CO2 systems to illustrate these new statistical jz approximations.
Anterior knee pain and evidence of osteoarthritis of the patellofemoral joint should not be considered contraindications to mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (2017)

Severe damage to the lateral side of the PFJ with bone loss and grooving remains a contraindication to mobile-bearing UKA. Less severe damage to the lateral side of the PFJ and damage to the medial side, however severe, does not compromise the overall function or survival, so should not be considered to be a contraindication. However, if a patient does have full thickness cartilage loss on the lateral side of the PFJ they may have a slight compromise in their ability to descend stairs. Pre-operative anterior knee pain also does not compromise the functional outcome or survival and should not be considered to be a contraindication. Cite this article: <i>Bone Joint J</i> 2017;99-B:632-9.
Asymmetric Catalysis: Resin‐Bound Hydroxyprolylthreonine Derivatives in Enamine‐Mediated Reactions (2008)

Control of stereochemistry is achieved using two TentaGel-bound di-tert-butoxy-protected hydroxyprolyl-threonine catalysts (see picture, sphere represents TentaGel). These catalysts mediate asymmetric tandem enamine/Michael reactions with high enantioselectivity and complete diastereoselectivity; the choice of catalyst depends on the desired absolute configuration. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Finite element modelling of SAW correlator (2007)

Numerical simulations of SAW correlators so far are limited to delta function and equivalent circuit models. These models are not accurate as they do not replicate the actual behaviour of the device. Manufacturing a correlator to specifically realise a different configuration is both expensive and time consuming. With the continuous improvement in computing capacity, switching to finite element modelling would be more appropriate. In this paper a novel way of modelling a SAW correlator using finite element analysis is presented. This modelling approach allows the consideration of different code implementation and device structures. This is demonstrated through simulation results for a 5×2-bit Barker sequence encoded SAW correlator. These results show the effect of both bulk and leaky modes on the device performance at various operating frequencies. Moreover, the ways in which the gain of the correlator can be optimised though variation of design parameters will also be outlined.
Centrosome positioning in vertebrate development (2012)

The centrosome, a major organizer of microtubules, has important functions in regulating cell shape, polarity, cilia formation and intracellular transport as well as the position of cellular structures, including the mitotic spindle. By means of these activities, centrosomes have important roles during animal development by regulating polarized cell behaviors, such as cell migration or neurite outgrowth, as well as mitotic spindle orientation. In recent years, the pace of discovery regarding the structure and composition of centrosomes has continuously accelerated. At the same time, functional studies have revealed the importance of centrosomes in controlling both morphogenesis and cell fate decision during tissue and organ development. Here, we review examples of centrosome and centriole positioning with a particular emphasis on vertebrate developmental systems, and discuss the roles of centrosome positioning, the cues that determine positioning and the mechanisms by which centrosomes respond to these cues. The studies reviewed here suggest that centrosome functions extend to the development of tissues and organs in vertebrates.
The verification with real-World road network on optimization of traffic signal parameters using multi-element genetic algorithms (2012)

Recently, traffic congestion has become a chronic problem in the urban region which greatly affects the economic and environmental problems. Several methods have been proposed to solve these problems. However, they still have problems in terms of economic load and driver difficulty. In this study, the authors develop the Multi-Element Genetic Algorithms conducted certain generation recombination for various complicated optimization problem and the optimized traffic signal parameters are verified with the real road network using Aimsun6.1 simulator. The proposed method could provide good verification results.
Regulation of the IgE Antibody Response (1989)

The IgE synthesis is regulated by T cell derived IgE-binding factors in an isotype-specific manner. The IgE-potentiating and IgE-suppressive factors may share common structural genes; therefore, a common polypeptide chain and their biologic activities are determined by posttranslational glycosylation processes. Under the physiological conditions, the carbohydrate moieties in the IgE-binding factors formed by a subset of T cells are determined by the ratio between two T cell factors, i.e., glycosylation-enhancing factors and glycosylation-inhibiting factors (GIF), in their environment. GIF is an immunosuppressive lymphokine. Repeated injections of this lymphokine into antigen-primed mice facilitated the generation of antigen-specific suppressor T cells and suppressed both IgE and IgG antibody responses. This effect of GIF was reproduced in vitro. Activation of antigen-specific T cells by antigen-pulsed macrophages, followed by propagation of the antigen-activated T cells by interleukin 2 in the presence of GIF resulted in the generation of suppressor T cells which produced antigen-specific GIF upon antigenic stimulation. Some of the T cell hybridomas constructed from the antigen-specific suppressor T cells formed antigen-specific GIF upon antigenic stimulation. The antigen-specific GIF formed by the T cell hybridoma share several common properties with antigen-specific suppressive factor and suppressed the antibody response of syngeneic mice in a carrier-specific manner. The results obtained with mouse lymphocytes suggest a maneuver to suppress the IgE antibody formation to an allergen in atopic patients.
Translumbar and Transsacral Motor-Evoked Potentials: A Novel Test for Spino-Anorectal Neuropathy in Spinal Cord Injury (2011)

Translumbar and transsacral MEPs revealed significant and hitherto undetected lumbosacral neuropathy in 90% of SCI subjects. Test was safe and provided neuropathophysiological information that could explain bowel dysfunction in SCI subjects.
Therapeutics and Vaccines Against Chikungunya Virus (2015)

Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or therapies available against chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and these were subjects discussed during a CHIKV meeting recently organized in Langkawi, Malaysia. In this review, we chart the approaches taken in both areas. Because of a sharp increase in new data in these fields, the present paper is complementary to previous reviews by Weaver et al. in 2012 and Kaur and Chu in 2013 . The most promising antivirals so far discovered are reviewed, with a special focus on the virus-encoded replication proteins as potential targets. Within the vaccines in development, our review emphasizes the various strategies in parallel development that are unique in the vaccine field against a single disease.
Analysis of cognitive radio networks with channel assembling, buffering, and imperfect sensing (2013)

In this paper, the performance of a multichannel cognitive radio network (CRN) where each secondary user (SU) can assemble a constant number of primary channels is investigated. The effects of imperfect spectrum sensing (with false alarms and mis-detections) are taken into account and it is assumed that spectrum handover is enabled in the secondary network. A buffering mechanism is introduced to save blocked SU requests and interrupted SU services. An analytical model based on Continuous-time Markov chains (CTMC) is developed, and the system performance is evaluated in terms of throughput, blocking probability, and forced termination probability. Numerical results show that the buffer is able to significantly reduce the SU blocking probability while increasing its throughput.
A convenient synthesis of tetrakis[thiolato-µ<sub>3</sub>-sulphido-iron](2–)clusters (1979)

Anaerobic reactions, in methanolic solution, between iron(III) or iron(II) chloride, elemental sulphur, and the lithium or sodium salt of a thiol iead to the formation of the corresponding [Fe4S4(SR)4]2– complex in good yield (R = CH2CH2OH, But, or Ph).
Measurement of anti-thyroid antibodies in dried blood spots. (1979)

The method for determination of anti-thyroid antibodies in extracts of dried whole blood on filter paper was described. Antibodies in dried blood were stable at room temperature for at least 1 month and were extracted well by overnight elution. This simple method requires only a minimal 30 microliter of venous blood and would enable large-scale screening for autoimmune thyroid diseases.
Stereochemistry of products of aldol condensation of 2-(3-oxo-1,3-diphenylpropyl)cyclohexanone with aromatic aldehydes (2010)

The aldol condensation of various aromatic aldehydes with 2-(3-oxo-1,3-diphenylpropyl)cyclohexanone in CH2Cl2 in the presence of TiCl4-Et3N at 0°C afforded perhydrochromens with two equatorial and one axial substituents whereas the aldol reaction under base catalysis gave perhydrochromens with equatorial substituents.
Creation of functional bioactive muteins using phage display technique results in a novel drug delivery system (2003)

ポストゲノム新時代を迎え, プロテオミクスや構造ゲノミクスの進展も相まって, 疾病治療に有効な蛋白質を探索·創製しようとするプロテオーム創薬への期待が高まっている. しかしながら蛋白質の生体への適用には, 依然として蛋白質の生体内安定性を向上させ, かつその多様なin vivo生理作用のなかから目的とする治療作用のみを, 選択的に発現させうる創薬テクノロジーの確立が必須となっている. 本観点から筆者らは最近, ファージ表面提示法を駆使した“医薬価値にすぐれた機能性人工蛋白質の迅速創出システム”とともに, “蛋白質の医薬品としての有効性と安全性を高めうる高分子バイオコンジュゲーション法”などを新たに確立した. 本稿では, この蛋白療法の最適化に適う“プロテオーム創薬のためのDDS基盤テクノロジー”について紹介させていただく.
LOS MAGISCOPIOS DE FELICIANO BÉJAR (2014)

DESDE EL 26 DE ENERO, EN UNIVERSUM MUSEO DE LAS CIENCIAS PUEDE VISITARSE LA EXPOSICION TEMPORAL FELICIANO BEJAR, EXPLORADOR, SELECCION REPRESENTATIVA DE LA OBRA DE ESTE ARTISTA MICHOACANO QUE CUBRE CASI MEDIO SIGLO DE LABOR CREATIVA.
Giornata di Studio per Giovani Ricercatori su Innovazione Tecnico Scientifica in Italia nei Settori dell'Energia Elettrica e ICT (2009)

This book comprises the contributions presented at the Study Day addressing technical and scientific innovation in Italy in the sectors of electricity and telecommunications, organised in the Faculty of Engineering of Florence University by AICT (Associazione per la Tecnologia dell'Informazione e delle Comunicazioni) and AEE (Associazione Energia Elettrica, of the AEIT Federation) in the framework of the celebrations marking the bicentenary of the birth of Antonio Meucci. The first section presents three addresses by guest speakers dealing with the past, present and future of telecommunications, while the second section consists of nine articles selected on open-call basis representing original contributions from young researchers in the sectors of electricity and telecommunications.
Integración de secuencias discursivas. El caso de los mitos y leyendas de ascendencia maya en Chiapas (México), vinculadas a la creación del hombre y su entorno (2008)

Ubica socio-etnográficamente a la provincia de Chiapas (México), con base en información estadística de los años 2005 a 2007; describe la cosmología y la cosmogonía de los mayas clásicos y posclásicos, y define al mito desde la lengua, la cultura y la ideología, pero sobre todo, caracteriza los relatos míticos tradicionales, transmitidos oralmente, como unidades discursivas, macroestructuras semánticas y macroactos de habla , de acuerdo con las propuestas metodológicas de Teun A. Van Dijk. Selecciona y segmenta analíticamente trozos de nueve textos mayas coloniales conocidos, presenta una selección de 143 leyendas vigentes de los pueblos de ascendencia maya, relacionados con la creación del hombre y su entorno, y procede a su análisis conceptual, diacrónico y comparado.La tesis central de la disertación radica en que los relatos míticos tradicionales de los pueblos indios y mestizos de Chiapas, forman parte de su sincretismo religioso y cultural. Que están conectados con la mitología maya específica sobre la creación del hombre y su entorno; ascendencia u origen que se confirma al identificar coincidencias entre el summum cosmológico expresado en el conjunto de relatos y la esencia cosmogónica, cosmológica y religiosa de los antiguos mayas. En suma, los mitos que se expresan en la mayor parte de las leyendas contemporáneas de los pueblos de Chiapas, se corresponden, mutatis mutandis, con los tópicos fundamentales de la mitología vinculada al pensamiento cosmológico y antropocéntrico de la civilización maya, durante las diversas fases de su desarrollo histórico.
Bleeding complications of unfractionated heparin (2010)

Heparin is an indispensable anticoagulant used in a number of clinical scenarios. Careful attention must be paid to dosing in order to minimize the risk of bleeding and related adverse events including death. The use of weight-based nomograms is paramount. Devices to automate testing and titration are currently under development.
Effects of CO<sub>2</sub>-philic Tail Structure on Phase Behavior of Fluorinated Aerosol-OT Analogue Surfactant/Water/Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Systems (2003)

The effects of the structural factors of surfactants such as CO2-philic tail length and molecular structure on the formation of water-in-supercritical CO2 (W/scCO2) type microemulsions were examined at various temperatures and pressures for fluorinated Aerosol-OT (AOT) analogue surfactants, sodium bis(1H,1H,5H-octafluoropentyl)-2-sulfosuccinate (di-HCF4), sodium bis(1H,1H,7H-dodecafluoroheptyl)-2-sulfosuccinate (di-HCF6), sodium bis(1H,1H,9H-hexadecafluorononyl)-2-sulfosuccinate (di-HCF8), sodium bis(1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl)-2-sulfosuccinate (8FS(EO)2), and sodium bis((1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl)oxyethylene)-2-sulfosuccinate (8FS(EO)4). With the all surfactants, a transparent single phase of water, a surfactant, and scCO2 mixture, or a W/scCO2 microemulsion phase, was formed under certain conditions. With an increase in the water composition, the microemulsion phase became a turbid W/scCO2 macroemulsion phase or completely separated into two phases. On the other hand, when pressure (CO2 density) or temperature was increased, the macroemulsion phase turned into a microemulsion phase. At CO2 densities <0.85 g/cm3 and temperatures <65 °C, di-HCF4 was unable to form a microemulsion. With an increase in fluorocarbon chain length (n) of di-HCFn, a microemulsion with a higher water-to-surfactant molar ratio (W0c, 8 for di-HCF6 and 12 for di-HCF8 at CO2 density 0.85 g/cm3 and 35 °C) was formed. This suggests that the water/scCO2 interfacial activity increases with an increase in fluorocarbon chain length, resulting in the formation of stable W/scCO2 microemulsion. The superior ability of 8FS(EO)2 to stabilize W/scCO2 microemulsion with W0c = 32 was found to be lowered with a replacement of the terminal CF3− by HCF2− of the fluorocarbon chains and an addition of oxyethylene units between the CO2-philic fluorocarbon chains and the hydrophilic sulfosuccinate group.
Hidden Hoogsteens in the Data (2014)

Although extremely rare in the crystallographic database, Hoogsteen (HG) base pairs have been modeled, especially at duplex termini, protein-DNA interfaces, damaged DNA and DNA mismatches. Formation of HG base pairs in duplex DNA requires a 180 degree rotation along the glycosidic bond of the purine relative to the canonical Watson-Crick (WC) base-pair. In a recent survey of the PDB we identified 75 HS base pairs in 2,910 x-ray derived models. Recent evidence suggests that the prevalence of HG base pairs in nature to be greater than previously thought. Due to electron density density ambiguity at mid to low resolution, it is possible for bases to be modeled incorrectly. We have developed a high-throughput method which examines the difference density around DNA to identify mis-modeled bases. Here we show where bases were incorrectly modeled and our subsequent fixes which show pairs modeled as WC that really are HG, vice versa, and evidence of WC-HG alternates. This research shows that base pairing conformations in DNA are more heterogeneous than previously thought.
Simulation of the Post-Retrofit Thermal Energy Use for the Perry-Castaneda Library Building with the Use of Simplified System Models (1991)

Several state owned buildings with dual-duct constant volume (DDCV) systems are\nbeing retrofitted with energy efficient variable air volume (VAV) systems as part of Texas\nLoanSTAR Program. One method of determining the energy savings resulting from energy\nconserving retrofits relies on the use of a model for the daily whole building consumption,\nEpre, in the pre-retrofit configuration. Epre is typically a function of primary influencing\nparameters such as ambient temperature, humidity, building internal gains and others\n(Figure 1). Following the retrofit, the energy saved, E,av is determined using measured\ndaily consumption, Emea3 as shown in Figure 1. This method is being used in the Texas\nLoanSTAR monitoring and analysis program for buildings that have adequate pre-retrofit\nmonitored data.\nUnfortunately, in the Perry-Castaneda Library (PCL) building, the retrofits were completed\nbefore the monitoring instrumentation was installed. Therefore, no pre-retrofit\nmonitored data are available for this building. Hence another method to estimate savings\nis needed. Such a method was developed and tested (Katipamula and Claridge 1991).\nThis method was based on the use of the ASHRAE TC 4.7 simplified energy analysis procedure\n(SEAP). It involved developing one model each for the VAV (post-retrofit system)\nand the DDCV (pre-retrofit system) systems.
String ribbon silicon solar cells with 17.8% efficiency (2003)

Presented at the 3rd World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; Osaka, Japan; May 11-18, 2003.