gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SIAS, Strokes Interpreted Animated Sequences (1989)

Abstract The goals of the bulk of commercial computer systems for graphics and animated film/video are different from the kind of systems involving the production of art. The former systems are developed for industrial application. Accurate technical communication and precise representation of measures are the main goals of the drawings and die coloured plates intended for industrial application. In the arts, however, the main goal of a drawing, a painting, or an animated film/video is beauty. The visual artist searches for an equilibrium between proportions of different shapes and an equilibrium between different colours. A system able to help in this search must therefore have its roots in art, i.e. the so‐called modern art. Starting from my experience in painting, in animated film by pencil drawing, and in computer animation, I concluded that a scene could be represented very effectively and accurately by the technique of painting and drawing. The system presented for automatic painting of scenes within a 3D space that are changing in time, is based on the tradition of drawing and painting. The system must be applicable within the visual arts and video production. An experimental computer animation system SIAS (Strokes Interpreted Animated Sequences) has been developed which produces coloured shapes that are similar to the strokes put on a canvas by a painter.
Dural Puncture with a 26-Gauge Spinal Needle Affects Spread of Epidural Anesthesia (1996)

Combined spinal and epidural anesthesia may increase the risk of epidurally administered drugs spreading into the subarachnoid space through the dural hole.We studied the effect of dural puncture with a 26-gauge needle on the spread of analgesia induced by epidural injection of local anesthetics. Forty patients were randomly assigned to control and dural puncture groups. In the dural puncture group, the dura was punctured with a 26-gauge Whitacre spinal needle at L2-3 but no drug was injected. In both groups, an 18-gauge epidural catheter was inserted 4 cm cephalad into the epidural space at L2-3 and 15 mL of 2% mepivacaine without epinephrine was injected. Analgesia was assessed by pinprick at 5, 10, 15, and 20 min after injection and at the end of surgery. The caudal spread of analgesia was significantly greater in the dural puncture group than in the control group 15 and 20 min after injection (P < 0.01), but the cranial spread of analgesia was not different between the two groups. We conclude that dural puncture (without drugs) using a 26-gauge Whitacre spinal needle before epidural injection increases caudal spread of analgesia induced by epidural local anesthetics. (Anesth Analg 1996;82:1040-2)
Cryptanalysis of a provably secure CRT-RSA algorithm (2004)

We study a countermeasure proposed to protect Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) computations for RSA against fault attacks. The scheme was claimed to be provably secure. However, we demonstrate that the proposal is in fact insecure: it can be broken with a simple and practical fault attack. We conclude that the proposed countermeasure is not safe for use in its present form.
TopicSifter: Interactive Search Space Reduction Through Targeted Topic Modeling (2019)

Topic modeling is commonly used to analyze and understand large document collections. However, in practice, users want to focus on specific aspects or "targets" rather than the entire corpus. For example, given a large collection of documents, users may want only a smaller subset which more closely aligns with their interests, tasks, and domains. In particular, our paper focuses on large-scale document retrieval with high recall where any missed relevant documents can be critical. A simple keyword matching search is generally not effective nor efficient as 1) it is difficult to find a list of keyword queries that can cover the documents of interest before exploring the dataset, 2) some documents may not contain the exact keywords of interest but may still be highly relevant, and 3) some words have multiple meanings, which would result in irrelevant documents included in the retrieved subset. In this paper, we present TopicSifter, a visual analytics system for interactive search space reduction. Our system utilizes targeted topic modeling based on nonnegative matrix factorization and allows users to give relevance feedback in order to refine their target and guide the topic modeling to the most relevant results.
Razón analítica y lógica popperiana en ciencias sociales (1996)

Los principales debates metodológicos en las ciencias sociales pertenecen al mismo referente de análisis: la aproximación al saber en construcción mediante principios y reglas que gobiernan el “qué hacer” científico en un determinado contexto social. Las diversas aportaciones y extensiones del debate general remiten a una bifurcación metodológica: la razón analítica versus la razón dialéctica, entre las cuales se demostró la imposibilidad de una confluencia metodológica. El enfrentamiento entre razón analítica y razón dialéctica asume la carga heredada del Círculo de Viena y de la Escuela de Frankfurt. El “realismo critico” de K. R. Popper representa el primer intento debidamente fundamentado y dirigido a la superación de las debilidades y limitaciones del Positivismo Lógico según fue presentado por el Circulo de Viena. Las tres cuestiones fundamentales que separan el pensamiento de Popper de la denominada “concepción heredada” del positivismo son las siguientes; 1) la consideración metacientifica de la Filosofía de la Ciencia; 2) la crítica al inductivistmo; y 3) el establecimiento de un nuevo criterio de demarcación y, por ende, de aceptabilidad del conocimiento científico. Una parte sustantiva del pensamiento de Popper está centrada en la lógica de investigación entendida como resultado de una rígida separación entre “teoría” del conocimiento y epistemología. La lógica popperiana propone una epistemología sin sujeto. En una aproximación critica, la interpretación popperiana de la secuencia conjeturas–refutación permanente–falsación conjeturas (aceptadas, revisadas o rechazadas) es ingenua y reduccionista. La razón analítica popperiana es logicista e instrumental pues relega la necesaria dimensión social e histórica del conocimiento. Su esquema interpretativo no soporta la “critica racional” ante la flagrante contradicción existente entre la recomendada depuración ideológica de la tarea científica y el correlato politico–econó-mico normativo implícito en sus conclusiones.
Apoptosis and necrosis in liver disease (2004)

Liver cell injury and cell death is a prominent feature in all liver disease processes. During the last 5-10 years, most research activities focused almost exclusively on evaluating apoptotic cell death and the corresponding intracellular signaling pathways. Although this effort led to substantial progress in our understanding of the mechanisms of apoptosis, it also created substantial confusion regarding the predominant mode of cell death and the relevance of apoptosis in a variety of liver disease models, as discussed in this review for acetaminophen and troglitazone hepatotoxicity, obstructive cholestasis and viral hepatitis. Part of the problem is related to the fact that there is no specific assay or parameter, with the exception of morphological changes in vivo, which allows the unequivocal distinction between apoptosis and oncotic necrosis. In addition, some aspects of the signaling pathways are similar. Therefore, to make progress in identifying relevant pharmacological intervention strategies to prevent or attenuate human liver disease processes, it is of critical importance to apply several different experimental approaches and analyze as many parameters as possible. In addition, positive controls for the assumed process should be used whenever possible and mechanisms of cell injury should only be investigated in model systems relevant for the human pathophysiology.
Process Fault Detection and Diagnosis by Synchronous and Asynchronous Decentralized Kalman Filtering using State-Vector Fusion Technique (2007)

This paper addresses the problem of improving state estimation of dynamic industrial processes in real time for single, double, triple and quadruple fault detection and diagnosis purposes using multi-sensor data fusion strategy. The proposed monitoring systems track the process states to infer its operating conditions utilizing a decentralized Kalman filtering methodology based on state-vector fusion technique. The paper considers both the synchronous and asynchronous multi-sensor scenarios to explore their relevant data fusion problems. The performances of the resulting monitoring systems are investigated under the two possible cases of time-delayed measurements due to communication delay and multi-rate sensors. The state-vector data fusion technique is also adopted to integrate the individual state feature coming from the distributed extended Kalman filter (EKFs) so as to extract the necessary global detection and diagnostic information. The feasibility and effectiveness of the presented algorithms are demonstrated through simulation studies on a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) benchmark problem.
A Novel Fucose-binding Lectin from Photorhabdus luminescens (PLL) with an Unusual Heptabladed β-Propeller Tetrameric Structure (2016)

Photorhabdus luminescens is known for its symbiosis with the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and its pathogenicity toward insect larvae. A hypothetical protein from P. luminescens was identified, purified from the native source, and characterized as an l-fucose-binding lectin, named P. luminescens lectin (PLL). Glycan array and biochemical characterization data revealed PLL to be specific toward l-fucose and the disaccharide glycan 3,6-O-Me<sub>2</sub>-Glcβ1-4(2,3-O-Me<sub>2</sub>)Rhaα-O-(p-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)-OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub> PLL was discovered to be a homotetramer with an intersubunit disulfide bridge. The crystal structures of native and recombinant PLL revealed a seven-bladed β-propeller fold creating seven putative fucose-binding sites per monomer. The crystal structure of the recombinant PLL·l-fucose complex confirmed that at least three sites were fucose-binding. Moreover, the crystal structures indicated that some of the other sites are masked either by the tetrameric nature of the lectin or by incorporation of the C terminus of the lectin into one of these sites. PLL exhibited an ability to bind to insect hemocytes and the cuticular surface of a nematode, H. bacteriophora.
Oral toxicities of Clostridium botulinum type A and B toxins from different strains (1984)

The production and the oral toxicity for mice of Clostridium botulinum type A and B toxins of different strains were studied. All five type B strains produced both 16S (large or L) and 12S (medium or M) toxins, although the relative amounts varied with the strains. The culture supernatant of type B Okra strain was the most potent in oral toxicity. The L toxin of this culture was about 700 times more toxic in feeding tests with mice than the L toxin from type B strain NH-2, whereas the M toxins of the two strains had the same oral toxicity. These results indicate that the oral toxicity of type B toxin varies with the culture strain. Oral toxicities of L toxin produced by type A strains 62A and 97 were comparable but were 10 times higher than those of their M toxins. Hybrids of toxic and nontoxic components separated from L toxins of type B strains Okra and NH-2 revealed that the high oral toxicity of the B-L toxin of strain Okra is attributable not to the toxic but to the nontoxic component of the toxin. The present study suggests that the 16S molecular-sized toxin elaborated by a certain strain of C. botulinum type B is implicated in the high fatality rate in type B human botulism.
Drug resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer. (2014)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring an activating mutation within the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was defined as a clinically distinct molecular group. These lesions show oncogene addiction to EGFR and dramatic responses to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Several large Phase III trials have shown that EGFR-TKIs improved the progression-free survival of patients with EGFR mutant NSCLC compared to conventional chemotherapy. However, the long-term effectiveness of EGFR-TKIs is usually limited because of acquired drug resistance. To overcome this resistance to EGFR-TKIs, it will be essential to identify the specific mechanisms underlying the resistance. Many investigators have attempted to identify the mechanisms using preclinical models and drug-resistant clinical samples. As a result, several mechanisms have been showed to be responsible for the resistance, but not all of the relevant mechanisms have been uncovered. In this review, we provide an overview of mechanisms underlying drug-resistance to EGFR-TKIs, focusing on results obtained with preclinical models, and we present some possible strategies to overcome the EGFR-TKI resistance.
The Role of Components in Waterbased Microsphere Acrylic Psa Adhesive Properties (2006)

Abstract In this paper the batch suspension copolymerization of ethyl acrylate/2 ethyl hexylacrylate (EA/2‐EHA) for production of suspension‐based microsphere acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) is presented. The effects on the adhesion properties of PSA different process (reaction temperature and stirrer speed) as well as chemical parameters (amount of EA, initiator concentration) are discussed. The conversion was monitored in‐line using Attenuated Total Reflectance‐Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy and the results were compared with the standard gravimetrical method. The glass transition temperatures (T g ) of the PSAs were measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique, while molecular weight distribution (MWD) was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The adhesion properties of PSAs were characterized via the measurements of tack, peel adhesion and peel strength. The results of the experiments have shown that the kinetics of the suspension polymerization for production of PSAs is significantly affected by temperature of polymerization and the initiator concentration, but are shown to be relatively independent of the EA amount and the stirrer speed. The tack, peel and shear strength depend on the mean particle size and particle size (PS) distribution (PSD) and T g . The mean particle size and PSD depend primarily on the stirrer speed during the PSA synthesis process, while the T g is most affected by amount of EA used for the synthesis. The results have also shown a rather unexpected relationship between MWD of the PSAs and the applicative properties: tack, peel and shear are seen to be increasing to the decreasing values of weight average MWD, which is the exact opposite of the previously published research. The most likely explanation for this relationship is the formation of a gel during the synthesis of PSA.
Towards the quantitative traits regulation: fountain theory implications in comparative and developmental biology (1997)

A fountain mechanism of quantitative regulation of gene expression level during development is proposed. The mechanism is based on postulated ability of a special class of RNA molecules, so called fountain RNAs (fRNAs), to induce passive and selective ionic channels in the internal nuclear membrane. Ions diffuse via channel from the nuclear lumen into the chromatin compartment. An RNA-dependent battery of ion channels is assumed to produce <<a fountain>> of ions in close vicinity to the corresponding genes. An ion atmosphere, in its turn, locally changes the chromatin configuration and effectiveness of transcription and processing of transcripts. Hence this mechanism can be used to change genes productivity. It is a basic mechanism of quantitative traits regulation. A passive selective ion flux periodically stops after a threshold ion concentration induces local chromatin compactization and arrests the activity of ion channels in a given chromatin compartment. This process serves as a basis for many cellular biorhythms that are relatively temperature-independent because of the passive nature of ion channel. It is postulated that eukaryotes became eukaryotes just to obtain this fountain mechanism that allows them to perform gradual quantitative modulation of corresponding genes expression levels. The fountain mechanism is partly responsible for dominance and heterosis, X-chromosome inactivation, gene position effects, and some other epigenetic events. It plays an important role in embryonic and post-embryonic development. A significant portion of the former <<junk>> DNA can be referred to as fDNA involved in the proposed mechanism functioning. Genomic rearrangements of fDNA could lead to micro- and macroevolutionary changes in the animal and plant kingdoms. The pivotal evolutionary function of transposons could reside in their ability to contain and relocate fDNA along the chromosomes.
Lymphocyte recognition of lymph node high endothelium. VI. Evidence of distinct structures mediating binding to high endothelial cells of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. (1984)

Lymphocytes migrate from blood into lymph nodes (LN) and Peyer's patches (PP) of rats specifically at segments of venules lined by high endothelium (HEV). We previously identified and isolated a lymphocyte surface component termed high endothelial binding factor (HEBF) that appears to be involved in lymphocyte adhesion to high endothelial cells of LN. HEBF has also been isolated from thoracic duct lymph and is antigenically related to the cell surface component. Soluble HEBF derived from detergent lysates of thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) or directly from lymph has affinity for HEVLN in vitro, and is able to block sites where lymphocytes would normally attach. In the present study, lymphocyte binding sites of HEVLN and HEVPP were investigated through the use of lymph-derived HEBF and rabbit antibody to this factor. The results show that treatment of rat TDL with anti-HEBF Fab did not block binding to HEVPP, even though adhesion to HEVLN was reduced by 80% or more. Similarly, HEBF isolated by anti-HEBF F(ab')2 affinity chromatography blocked lymphocyte binding sites of HEVLN but not HEVPP. This material is therefore designated HEBFLN, and antibody to it is designated anti-HEBFLN Ig. Fractionation of thoracic duct lymph revealed that it contained an antigenically distinct component, HEBFPP, which blocked lymphocyte binding to HEVPP but not to HEVLN. Lymph components precipitating between 40 and 60% (NH4)2SO4 saturation contained both factors, which were separated from the bulk of lymph proteins by DEAE-Sepharose chromatography and then from each other by fractionation on the anti-HEBFLN F(ab')2-Sepharose column. The unbound fraction from this column contained HEBFPP, which was then partially purified by CM-Sepharose filtration. HEBFPP appeared to be a glycoprotein because it was destroyed by trypsin, bound to lentil lectin, and was eluted with alpha-methyl-mannoside. Together, the results demonstrate the existence of two antigenically distinct species of HEBF, and imply that lymphocyte binding sites of HEVLN and HEVPP are structurally different. We interpret the results to mean that distinct high endothelial adhesion molecules on lymphocytes mediate their entry into LN and PP.
Deletion mapping of a mouse hepatitis virus defective interfering RNA reveals the requirement of an internal and discontiguous sequence for replication (1993)

All of the defective interfering (DI) RNAs of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) contain both the 5' and 3' ends of the viral genomic RNA, which presumably include the cis sequences required for RNA replication. To define the replication signal of MHV RNA, we have used a vaccinia virus-T7 polymerase-transcribed MHV DI RNA to study the effects of sequence deletion on DI RNA replication. Following infection of susceptible cells with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing T7 RNA polymerase, various cDNA clones derived from a DI RNA (DIssF) of the JHM strain of MHV, which is a 3.5-kb naturally occurring DI RNA, behind a T7 promoter were transfected. On superinfection with a helper MHV, the ability of various DI RNAs to replicate was determined. Serial deletions from the middle of the RNA toward both the 5' and 3' ends demonstrated that 859 nucleotides from the 5' end and 436 nucleotides from the 3' end of the MHV RNA genome were necessary for RNA replication. Surprisingly, an additional stretch of 135 nucleotides located at 3.1 to 3.3 kb from the 5' end of the genome was also required. This stretch is discontiguous from the 5'-end cis replication signal and is present in all of the naturally occurring DI RNAs studied so far. The requirement for a long stretch of 5'- and 3'-end sequences predicts that the subgenomic MHV mRNAs cannot replicate. The efficiency of RNA replication varied with different cDNA constructs, suggesting possible interaction between different regions of DI RNA. The identification of MHV RNA replication signals allowed the construction of an MHV DI-based expression vector, which can express foreign genes, such as the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene.
Two-dimensional modeling of ion implantation induced point defects (1988)

An analytical model for the description of ion-implantation-induced damage profiles is presented. The model is based on extensive Monte Carlo simulations of B-, P-, As-, and Sb-implantations in Si. One-dimensional profiles are described by a Gaussian function and an exponential function joined together continuously with continuous first derivatives. The two-dimensional model has previously been developed by the authors for dopant profiles and is demonstrated to apply well to point defect distributions. Parameters have been obtained for the four ions by fitting the model to the Monte Carlo results, and they are provided in the form of tables for the energy range of 10-300 keV (for the 1D model 1-300 keV). The Monte Carlo simulations are based on the binary collision approximation, the assumption of a random target, and the validity of the linear collision cascade theory. The importance of energy transport by recoils is pointed out.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A literature survey on distributed discrete event simulation (1987)

Much literature over the past decade has examined using multiprocessors to increase the speed and lower the cost of discrete event simulation. Three orthogonal approaches have been suggested, using simulation parallelism in support functions, in model functions and on the application level. This overview brings together these past approaches into a new framework wherein all three can be used simultaneously and suggests several promising research areas.