gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics and mechanisms of redox reactions in aqueous solution. Part 9. Permanganate oxidation of phosphorous acid in perchlorate solution (1984)

The reaction between phosphorous acid and permanganate exhibits a first-order dependence both on [MnVII] and [H3PO3] and the dependence of kobs. on [H+] is of the form (i) at constant ionic strength; kobs.=a+b[H+](i)kobs. is independent of ionic strength. The most probable mechanism in which the ‘inactive’ form of phosphorous acid, H–PO(OH)2, is the reactive species is discussed and the values of the rate-limiting constants together with their associated thermodynamic parameters are reported. The duality of H+ catalysis is also discussed in an alternative mechanism.
A Rapid Method for Cholesterol Determination with a Single Reagent (1964)

Abstract A method for the determination of serum cholesterol, using a single reagent, is described. This method is simple, rapid, and economical, and prevents some of the errors inherent in the manipulative process of earlier procedures.
Analysis of Mechanisms and Procedures for Producing Favourable Shapes of Hydraulic Fractures (1980)

ABSTRACT The paper identifies some primary features of tectonic conditions, rock response and fluid rheology which can strongly affect the shape evolution of hydraulic fractures in representative reservoir formations. Numerous mechanisms are described, with emphasis on the question of fracture containment within regions of desirable transmissivity increase. Relevant natural characteristics include: contrasts of in situ stress, variations in material deformabi1ity/fractur-ability, and differences in permeability between pay-zones and adjacent strata. Various degrees of crack-arrest are possible but the dominant component of most mechanisms is the retardation of fracture growth caused by impedance to fluid flow. Artificial biasing of flow patterns may be achieved, by chemical or mechanical preparation of the region to be stimulated and by use of complex frac-fluid rheology. Implementation of these phenomena in practical designs typically requires detailed analysis with numerical models, but numerous recommendations can be made to improve conventional practises: for instance, fracturing pressures must be carefully limited, pretreatment can be helpful and rheology/proppant-scheduling can be exploited to much greater extents.
Use of capillary gas chromatography/sensory analysis as an additional tool for sampling technique comparison in peach aroma analysis (1995)

Abstract Capillary GC/sensory analysis was used to judge if dynamic headspace on sliced pulp and on intact fruit, and solvent extraction could collect the “character impact” and the “contributory” aroma compounds in peaches. Capillary GC/sensory data showed that the headspace techniques selectively recovered the “contributory” volatile compounds, which are strictly related to the characteristic odor of the various peach cultivars, whereas solvent extraction better quantified the “character impact” compounds (lactones).
Identification of the Nuclear Component of the Interaction of Lupus Erythematosus Globulin and Nuclei (1958)

Summary and Conclusions Using the fluorescent antibody technique, it has been shown that the factor in lupus serum which reacts with nuclei also reacts with deoxyribonucleoprotein (nucleohistone) from calf or rabbit thymus and with artificial complexes of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with histone. A technique for titration of the affinity of serums for nucleohistone has been devised. Use of this method has demonstrated the presence of the factor in all lupus serums tested, regardless of results of the lupus erythematosus (LE) test. By absorption of lupus serum with nucleohistone it was possible to remove the affinity for nucleohistone and the capacity to induce the LE phenomenon, suggesting that the 2 effects may be due to 1 factor. The broad species range of the reaction has been confirmed by this improved technique.
The Impact of Forecasting on Return on Shareholders's Value (1999)

The self-fertilizing mangrove killifish, Kryptolebias marmoratus, is an upcoming model species for a range of biological disciplines. To further establish this model in the field of developmental biology, we examined several techniques for embryonic manipulation and for imaging that can be used in an array of experimental designs. These methodological approaches can be divided into two categories: handling of embryos with and without their chorionic membrane. Embryos still enclosed in their chorion can be manipulated using an agarose bed or a methyl cellulose system, holding them in place and allowing their rotation to more specific angles and positions. Using these methods, we demonstrate microinjection of embryos and monitoring of fluorescent yolk syncytial nuclei (YSN) using both stereo and compound microscopes. For higher magnification imaging using compound microscopes as well as time-lapse analyses, embryos were dechorionated and embedded in low-melting-point agarose. To demonstrate this embedding technique, we further examined fluorescent YSN and also analyzed the yolk surface of K. marmoratus embryos. The latter was observed to provide an excellent imaging platform for study of the behavior and morphology of cells during embryonic development, for various types of cells. Our data demonstrate that K. marmoratus is an excellent model species for research in developmental biology, as methodological approaches for the manipulation and imaging of embryos are efficient and readily available.
[Case of pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism]. (1975)

A case of pseudo-pseudo-parathyroidism, in which normal blood chemistry data were accompanied by marked shortening of the 4th metacarpus and metatarsus, and a suggestion of syndactyly, is reported.
A Christian experiment: the early Sierra Leone colony (1970)

In the course of the past century the centre of gravity of the Christian world has shifted completely. Europe, once the centre, is now at best an outpost on the fringe of the Christian world, some would say an outpost likely to be overwhelmed. The great majority of Christians, and the overwhelming majority of practising Christians are, and are clearly going to be, Africans, Americans or Asians. And of these, the most startling expansion—the greatest Christian expansion since what were for Europe the Middle Ages—has been in Africa, where Christians have been increasing in geometrical progression, doubling their numbers every twelve years or so, for over a century. The greater part of African Church history, however, has still to be written. Hagiography we have in abundance, and hagiography, like mythology, is a valid literary genre; but (again like mythology) it is a poetic, not a scholarly category. Of missionary history we have a little, though very little in proportion to the vast resources which the missionary society archives supply; but missionary history is only one specialized part of African Church history; by far the greater part of African Christian life and African Christian expansion goes on, and has long gone on, without the presence, let alone the superintendence, of the European missionary.
Folded circuit synthesis: Logic simplification using dual edge-triggered flip-flops (2013)

Dual edge-triggered flip-flop (DETFF) captures data at both clock edges. We observe that conventional sequential circuit that contains single edge-triggered flip-flops (SETFFs) can be simplified by identifying pairs of combinational subcircuits that are structurally identical, removing one subcircuit of each pair, and providing input data twice by using DETFFs where SETFFs have been used. The resulting circuit is named folded circuit. We carry the observation to technology mapping problem, so that many identical subcircuits are synthesized early on in the design process. Experimental results with some test circuits indicate that circuit area is reduced as much as 16%.
Automatic design of 3-d fixtures and assembly pallets (2002)

This paper presents an implemented algorithm that automatically designs fixtures and assembly pallets to hold three-dimensional parts. The designed fixtures rigidly constrain and locate the part, obey task constraints, are robust to part shape variations, are easy to load, and are economical to produce. The algorithm is guaranteed to find the global optimum solution that satisfies these and other pragmatic conditions. We present the results of the algorithm applied to several practical manufacturing problems. For these complex problems the algorithm typically returns initial high-quality fixture designs in less than two minutes, and identifies the global optimum design in just over an hour.
Natural killer cells activated with interleukin 2 <i>in vitro</i> can be adoptively transferred and mediate hematopoietic histocompatibility‐1 antigen‐specific bone marrow rejection <i>in vivo</i> (1990)

An adoptive transfer model was developed for examining natural killer (NK) cell-mediated bone marrow cell (BMC) graft rejection. Homogeneous populations of NK cells were obtained by culturing spleen cells from mice with severe combined immune deficiency in the presence of recombinant interleukin 2 for 7 days. These cells maintained a phenotypic (CD3-CD4-CD8-NK-2.1+ and asialo GM1+) and lytic pattern consistent with that of activated NK cells. The cells were infused into lethally irradiated recipients whose own NK cells were depleted by anti-NK-1.1 antibody treatment and could no longer reject marrow allografts. The transferred NK cells restored the ability of the hosts to reject BMC in a hematopoietic histocompatibility-1 (Hh-1) antigen-specific manner. Immunogenetic studies demonstrated that the rejection was a function of the donor, not host, NK cells. These studies demonstrate that NK cells can be cultured in vitro with recombinant interleukin 2 and are capable of mediating Hh-1-specific BMC rejection in vivo in the absence of other immune cell types.
LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTIOND. K. Harris, P. N. Vashist, and R. B. BeckmannCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1966, 58, 11, 97–103Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50683a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50683a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views713Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A psychophysically validated metric for bidirectional texture data reduction (2008)

Bidirectional Texture Functions (BTF) are commonly thought to provide the most realistic perceptual experience of materials from rendered images. The key to providing efficient compression of BTFs is the decision as to how much of the data should be preserved. We use psychophysical experiments to show that this decision depends critically upon the material concerned. Furthermore, we develop a BTF derived metric that enables us to automatically set a material's compression parameters in such a way as to provide users with a predefined perceptual quality. We investigate the correlation of three different BTF metrics with psychophysically derived data. Eight materials were presented to eleven naive observers who were asked to judge the perceived quality of BTF renderings as the amount of preserved data was varied. The metric showing the highest correlation with the thresholds set by the observers was the mean variance of individual BTF images. This metric was then used to automatically determine the material-specific compression parameters used in a vector quantisation scheme. The results were successfully validated in an experiment with six additional materials and eighteen observers. We show that using the psychophysically reduced BTF data significantly improves performance of a PCA-based compression method. On average, we were able to increase the compression ratios, and decrease processing times, by a factor of four without any differences being perceived.
Role-based modeling and analysis of workflow for SDN (2011)

The SDN (supply and demand networks) management has become an important topic of enterprise management. As a kind of coordination technology of improving the efficiency of business operations, workflow management system needs to meet the requirement of interconnection of the heterogeneous workflow between the SDN enterprise nodes. Most of the current modeling methods are based on process, and do not emphasize the roles of workflow and their interaction process. Based on this situation and in combination with the advantages of adopting activities and roles to describe the workflows, this paper proposed the role-based modeling for the SDN workflow by introducing the concept of role into the research from the perspective of roles and their interaction. Summarized systematically the modeling methods and approaches through the instance analysis?? This kind of modeling thought is beneficial to the modification of the model structure and helpful to improve the security and validity of the workflow models.
A robust real-time structure from motion for situational awareness and RSTA (2008)

Maintaining real-time situational awareness of military combat vehicles (manned/unmanned) with onboard vision sensors for either autonomous mobility or reconnaissance missions such as moving target indication (MTI) and automatic target recognition (ATR) while the vehicle is on the move has been technically and operationally challenging. In this paper, we investigate and present a practical implementation of a robust real-time structure from motion technique that allows moving robotic vehicles to be able to reconstruct 3D models from observed 2D features with dynamically adjusting motion parameters. We also demonstrate applications that locate and track moving targets within the structured environment built by the SFM and recognize the targets such as vehicles and humans through a hierarchical shape model.
Microwave Doppler Sensors Measuring Vehicle Speed and Travelled Distance: Realistic System Tests in Railroad Environment (1995)

A high-performance 24 GHz microwave Doppler sensor system for non-contact ground speed measurement is presented. Its potential for positioning tasks, as well as slippage control in railway applications has been demonstrated in extended measurement campaigns. The microwave front-ends are based on highly stabilised dielectric resonator oscillators and low-cost patch antennas. Employing model based algorithms implemented on signal processor an accuracy of about 1 % for the speed measurement and of about 2 m / 1000 m for the distance measurement has been obtained.
Randomized comparative study of moxalactam and cefazolin in the treatment of acute urinary tract infections in adults (1982)

Eighty-nine patients with clinical and laboratory evidence of acute urinary tract infection were randomized to therapy with either moxalactam (500 mg) or cefazolin (1 g) every 12 h. Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen in both groups (92.6 versus 90.2%). Therapy was continued for 3 days after the patient defervesced. The minimum hospital stay was 5 days. Sequential urine cultures were obtained on day 3, at discharge, and 5 to 10 days after the cessation of therapy. THe average duration of hospital stay was 5.6 days for both groups of patients. THe incidence of recurrent infection was similar in uncomplicated patients (9.1 versus 10%) and in complicated patients with a condition predisposing them to urinary tract infections (43 versus 42%). Moxalactam-treated patients had a higher incidence of reversible hepatic enzyme elevation (36%) and Streptococcus faecalis superinfections (12.2%). Moxalactam is as effective as cefazolin for the elimination of gram-negative pathogens from the urine of patients with acute urinary tract infections, but it is associated with a higher incidence of reversible side effects.
Analog Microwave Fiber Optic Communications Links (2005)

Analog microwave fiber optic communication links have the potential to replace coaxial systems for transmission of RF signals at frequencies up to 15 GHz and beyond. Potential applications include antenna remoting, distribution networks, and ccmmnications. At TRW, prototype bandpass RF fiber optic links have been constructed with center frequencies up to 5 GHz. The performance of these links will be discussed.
Cancellation of 3rd common-mode voltage generated by matrix converter (2005)

Matrix converters which remove the reactive energy storage component, have many merits over conventional converters. Unlike traditional converters, such as 3-level inverters, which can produce sinusoidal output without low common-mode harmonics, matrix converters generate third common-mode harmonics. In this paper, an approach to cancel the third common-mode voltage is proposed. The self charging technique is applied and a fast start-up scheme is described. A resonant controller is introduced as a feed back controller. Two modulation methods are implemented and feed forward control is applied to accelerate system response. The proposed techniques are validated by simulation.
Geographic Routing User's Guide (1999)

This report describes the Geographic Routing system software and C++ application programming interface (API). It is meant to be used guide for administrators and programmers. The report discusses the various software components of the geographic routing system, their configuration and parameters, the C++ classes that constitute the API, and other supporting C++ classes upon which the API is built
Atmospheric releases of hexavalent chromium from hard chromium plating operations (1992)

The study represents an assessment of airborne fugitive hexavalent chromium concentrations at these facilities. In an effort to develop a model for stack emissions of Cr(VI), EPA data were reviewed and a correlation for chromium emissions was reported versus ampere-hours and plating bath volume. A modification of a stack sampling train was constructed to accommodate fugitive sampling efforts made at two hard chrome plating facilities. The levels found at both sites, for the most part, were below detection limits of 4 micrograms cu m and 6 micrograms cu m for the 1st and 2nd plant, respectively. The annual emission rates from Plants 1 and 2 are < 0.5 and < 1 lb Cr(VI) per year, respectively.
Directed Differentiation of Neural-stem cells and Subtype-Specific Neurons from hESCs (2010)

We describe a chemically defined protocol for efficient differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to neural epithelial cells and then to functional spinal motor neurons. This protocol comprises four major steps. Human ESCs are differentiated without morphogens into neuroepithelial cells that form neural tube-like rosettes in the first 2 weeks. The neuroepithelial cells are then specified to OLIG2-expressing motoneuron progenitors in the presence of retinoic acid (RA) and sonic hedgehog (SHH) in the following 2 weeks. These OLIG2 progenitors generate postmitotic, HB9 expressing motoneurons at the fifth week and mature to functional motor neurons thereafter. The protein factor SHH can be replaced by a small molecule purmorphamine in the entire process, which may facilitate potential clinical applications. This protocol has been shown equally effective in generating motor neurons from human induced pluropotent stem (iPS) cells.
Review: sparse evidence supports lifestyle modifications for reducing symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (2006)

Kaltenbach T, Crockett S, Gerson LB. Are lifestyle measures effective in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease? An evidence-based approach. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:965–71. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Q In patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), what is the evidence that lifestyle factors are associated with symptoms or physiological measures of GORD and that lifestyle modification interventions can improve GORD symptoms? Clinical impact ratings GP/FP/Primary care ★★★★★★☆ IM/Ambulatory care ★★★★★★☆ Gastroenterology ★★★★★★☆ ### ![Graphic][5]</img>Data sources: Medline and Ovid (1975–2004). ### ![Graphic][6]</img>Study selection and assessment: English language studies of any design that evaluated the effect of lifestyle factors or modifications on physiological or clinical aspects of GORD. A standard scoring system with 5 levels of evidence was used to assess the quality of individual studies: level A, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with consistent evidence; level B, cohort, case control, non-randomised, or uncontrolled studies; level C, case reports, flawed trials, or population studies; level D, expert opinion; level E, insufficient evidence or studies with conflicting data. 100 studies met the selection criteria, including 16 studies of lifestyle modification. ### ![Graphic][7]</img>Outcomes: heartburn … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DArchives%2Bof%2BInternal%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DArch%2BIntern%2BMed%26rft.issn%253D0003-9926%26rft.aulast%253DKaltenbach%26rft.auinit1%253DT.%26rft.volume%253D166%26rft.issue%253D9%26rft.spage%253D965%26rft.epage%253D971%26rft.atitle%253DAre%2Blifestyle%2Bmeasures%2Beffective%2Bin%2Bpatients%2Bwith%2Bgastroesophageal%2Breflux%2Bdisease%253F%253A%2Ban%2Bevidence-based%2Bapproach.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Farchinte.166.9.965%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F16682569%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/archinte.166.9.965&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=16682569&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F11%2F5%2F150.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000237334900004&link_type=ISI [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [6]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [7]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
A Tutorial on Multilabel Learning (2015)

Multilabel learning has become a relevant learning paradigm in the past years due to the increasing number of fields where it can be applied and also to the emerging number of techniques that are being developed. This article presents an up-to-date tutorial about multilabel learning that introduces the paradigm and describes the main contributions developed. Evaluation measures, fields of application, trending topics, and resources are also presented.