gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
System Identification-Based Sliding Mode Control for Small-Scaled Autonomous Aerial Vehicles With Unknown Aerodynamics Derivatives (2016)

This paper proposes an autonomous system identification methodology for fixed wing autonomous aerial vehicles (AAVs) and implementation with a robust control technique. This system identification methodology does not require the user to provide any knowledge of the aerodynamic derivatives of the AAV. Hence, this control methodology is applicable to a wide range of fixed-wing AAVs. Since the system identification process generates errors due to the measurement noise and external disturbances, a robust control methodology, sliding mode control (SMC), is proposed to control the AAV based on the system identification results. To characterize the capability of the control methodology, experiments have been conducted on commercially available fixed-wing aircraft platforms using low-cost sensing equipment. Experimental results demonstrate that the autonomous system identification-based SMC enables the AAV to follow the desired trajectory without prior knowledge of the aerial vehicle or manual tuning of control system parameters.
Development of a New Method for Consecutive Activation of Conjugated Alkynes Based on Intramolecular Silyl Migration (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ultra-stable harmonically mode-locked erbium-doped waveguide laser (2007)

Generation of stable pulses and a frequency stabilized optical comb are two key requirements for Fourier Based Arbitrary Waveform Generation (AWG) techniques. The longitudinal mode spacing of the laser must remain as stable as possible to permit effective isolation and processing of the modes for waveform synthesis. The short and long term temporal stability ultimately limits the system's precision as well as its operability in fielded systems. A packaged erbium-doped waveguide provided a highly compact gain medium for the harmonically mode-locked laser design. Stability was achieved by use of an intracavity etalon for frequency stabilization of the optical comb, a Pound-Drever- Hall (PDH) method, and an active bias feedback loop for low frequency noise suppression. The temperature was controlled to limit cavity length variation, and the contribution to stability of each method is quantitatively assessed. The system's stable operating time was increased from hours to greater than a day, and the timing jitter is demonstrated to be lower than that of commercially available erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) systems. Applications to optical signal synthesis and Laser Radar are briefly discussed.
Interpretation of admittance, capacitance-voltage, and current-voltage signatures in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells (2010)

A series of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin film solar cells with differently prepared heterojunctions has been investigated by admittance spectroscopy, capacitance-voltage (CV) profiling, and temperature dependent current-voltage (IVT) measurements. The devices with different CdS buffer layer thicknesses, with an In2S3 buffer or with a Schottky barrier junction, all show the characteristic admittance step at shallow energies between 40 and 160 meV, which has often been referred to as the N1 defect. No correlation between the buffer layer thickness and the capacitance step is found. IVT measurements show that the dielectric relaxation frequency of charge carriers in the CdS layers is smaller than the N1-resonance frequency at low temperatures where the N1 step in admittance is observed. These results strongly contradict the common assignment of the N1 response to a donor defect at or close to the heterointerface. In contrast, an explanation for the N1 response is proposed, which relates the admittance step to a non-Ohmic back-contact acting as a second junction in the device. The model, which is substantiated with numerical device simulations, allows a unified explanation of characteristic admittance, CV, and IVT features commonly observed in CIGS solar cells.
Audit of prehospital thrombolysis by general practitioners in peripheral practices in Grampian (1998)

In practices > or = 30 minutes from hospital, the BHF audit standard was readily achieved if general practitioners gave thrombolytic treatment, but not otherwise. Knowledge of the benefits of early thrombolysis, and feedback of audit results, did not lead to increased prehospital thrombolytic use. Additional incentives are required if general practitioners are to give thrombolytic treatment.
RNA synthesis in preovulatory mouse oocytes. (1976)

RNA synthesis, previously shown to take place during oocyte growth, has been demonstrated throughout the growth-quiescent period preceding ovulation of the mouse oocyte. In the final 7-day preovulatory period, the level of incorporation of (5,6-3H)uridine into ovulated oocytes decreased as the interval between exposure to precursor and ovulation decreased; significant incorporation was detectable within 2 days before ovulation. Analysis of the frequency and density of label in ovarian oocytes at successive stages of meiosis in relation to the interval between adminstration of labeled precursor and collection of oocytes revealed that RNA synthesis continues up to within 2 h before GVBD.
CYCLOPROPANE HYDROCARBONS FROM gamma-BROMOETHERS<sup>1</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCYCLOPROPANE HYDROCARBONS FROM gamma-BROMOETHERS1J. T. GRAGSON, K. W. GREENLEE, J. M. DERFER, and C. E. BOORDCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1955, 20, 3, 275–282Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01121a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01121a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Anaerobic microbial dechlorination: An approach to on-site treatment of toxaphene-contaminated soil (1987)

Enhanced microbial degradation of toxaphene by natural microorganisms occurred in soil and sediment amended with organic matter kept under anaerobic (flooded) conditions. Laboratory experiments yielded a dissipation half-life of approximately 3 and 1 week for soil and sediment, respectively, containing 10 ppm of technical toxaphene and a 1% alfalfa meal amendment. Dissipation was accompanied by an increase in early eluting gas chromatographic peaks and a decrease in later eluting peaks, indicating that dechlorination had occurred. Enhanced anaerobic dissipation also took place in soil containing 500 ppm of toxaphene, although at a lesser rate than at 10 ppm, and when cotton gin waste was used as amendment in place of alfalfa meal. Sediment in a toxaphene-contaminated pesticide waste disposal ditch was amended with 10% steer manure and flooded to ascertain field utility of the technique for on-site decontamination. Toxaphene residues were reduced from 63 to 23 ppm in 120 days, and some degradation activity still occurred up to 8 months after this single treatment.
Optimum Fluid and Proppant Selection for Hydraulic Fracturing in Shale Gas Reservoirs: a Parametric Study Based on Fracturing-to-Production Simulations. (2013)

Abstract Production from shale gas reservoirs depends greatly on the efficiency of hydraulic fracturing treatments. The cumulated experience in the industry has led to several best practices in treatment design which have improved productivity in these reservoirs. However, further advances in treatment design require a deeper understanding of the complex physics involved in both hydraulic fracturing and production, such as stress shadow, proppant placement and interaction with natural fractures. This paper investigates the non-linear physics involved in the production of shale gas reservoirs by improving the understanding of the complex relation between gas production, the reservoir properties, and several treatment design parameters, with a focus on proppant and fluid selection. A fracturing-to-production simulation workflow integrating the Unconventional Fracture Model, with the Unconventional Production Model is presented. This workflow has shown qualitative consistency with real production data. In this paper we applied the workflow on a realistic reservoir with characteristics from the Marcellus play, and then studied the relation between production and treatment design parameters such as proppant size, proppant concentration, the treatment volume of the treatment, fracturing fluid viscosity, pumping rate and proppant injection sequence. Since this paper focuses on fluid and proppant selection, our methodology was to run 28 simulations to cover the 2D parametric space of proppant size and fluid viscosity for every parameter. More than four hundred simulations were run in this parametric study and the results provide guidelines for optimized treatment design. The behaviors observed confirm several best practices in treatment design for shale. For example, combination of different sizes of proppant optimizes production by maximizing initial production and slowing down production decline. Simulations also confirm the best practice of injecting the smallest proppant first. Another key finding is that the optimum fluid viscosity increases with treatment volume, and decreases when pumping rate increases.
DISPERSAL AND MATING IN THE FIELD BY MALE PINK BOLLWORM, <i>PECTINOPHORA GOSSYPIELLA</i>, LABELED WITH <sup>32</sup>P (1975)

Radioactive phosphorus was fed to laboratory‐reared male pink bollworms, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), for studies of dispersal and mating in the field. Released moths either irradiated with 20 Krad or unirradiated, were found predominantly within a few hundred meters of the release points. Prior to formation of a plant canopy, daytime‐resting places of moths were soil crevices at the bases of the plants. Later, when a protective plant canopy had formed, about half of the moths took resting places in the lower canopy, many in withered blooms. Little mating occurred between released males and native females, probably due to the great preponderance of native males in the test area. The technique of autoradiography of native females to determine mating with released labeled males was simple and effective. Zusammenfassung AUSBREITUNG UND PAARUNG IM FELD BEI MÄNNCHEN DES ROTEN BAUMWOLLKAPSELWURMS , PECTINOPHORA GOSSYPIELLA, NACH MARKIERUNG MIT 32 P Im Labor gezogene Männchen von P. gossypiella wurden mit 32 P gefüttert, um Ausbreitung und Paarung im Baumwollfeld zu studieren. Freigelassene Falter, teils bestrahlt mit 20 Krad, teils unbestrahlt, wurden vorwiegend innerhalb von 100 m von der Freilassungsstelle gefunden. Vor Bildung eines geschlossenen Bestandes waren die Tagesruheplätze der Falter Bodenspalten an der Basis der Pflanzen. Später, wenn ein schützender, dichter Pflanzenbestand gebildet war, hatten die Falter ihre Ruheplätze etwa zur Hälfte in dem unteren Bereich des Pflanzenbestandes, davon viele in verwelkten Blüten. Zwischen freigelassenen Männchen und Freilandweibchen kam es nur zu wenig Paarungen, wahrscheinlich wegen des zahlenmässigen Übergewichts der Freilandmännchen im Gebiet. Die Technik der Autoradiographie von Freilandweibchen zur Erkennung einer Paarung mit freigelassenen, markierten Männchen war einfach und wirkungsvoll.
Chirality Organization of Ferrocenes Bearing Dipeptide Chains of Heterochiral Sequence (2005)

[structures: see text] The symmetrical introduction of two dipeptide chains of heterochiral sequence (-L-Ala-D-Pro-NHPy) into the ferrocene scaffold as a central reverse-turn unit was demonstrated to induce both antiparallel beta-sheet-like and type II beta-turn-like structures simultaneously, affording the chirality-organized structure. The ferrocene bearing only one dipeptide chain (-L-Ala-D-Pro-NHPy) exhibited a left-handed helically ordered molecular assembly through a network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds instead of intramolecular hydrogen bonds.
Approaches In Achieving World Class Manufacturing (WCM) In A Semiconductor Manufacturing Plant (2000)

The semiconductor industry is a dynamic one with seevral hundred companies worldwide fighting for market shae in an ever-expanding international market. The issue of technological leardership aside, companies have to continuosly match higher expectations of customer with shorter lead-times and lower prices. Almost any company can manufacture solutions for the customer, but the differentiation is in price and service. The student has been painfully aware of the company's slide in market share and in area of service.
The influence of esterifying and acetylating groups on the retention times of amino acid derivatives in gas chromatography (1963)

in this paper (Hp and the DMCP’s in Fig. I, cyclopentane-hexane, and methylcyclohexane-I-cis-z-DMCP) and in the literature O-8, this phenomenon occurred with pairs of compounds consisting of either acyclic and cyclic structures or different ring structures. Consequently, for solutes that elute close together, column temperature may often be a factor in determining order of elution. The order of elution established experimentally at one temperature may not hold true at a different column temperature, particularly for multicomponent mixtures. In addition, in programmedtemperature gas chromatography, the following situations may arise. If the column temperature is programmed during the run, a separation that would have been achieved at the lower temperature may be partly or wholly canceled out by operating at a higher temperature where a reversal in the order of elution occurs. For compounds eluting close together, the order of elution may depend on the choice of initial and final column temperatures or on the rate of heating of the temperature program.
Fitting a multivariate failure time distribution (1989)

A class of continuous multivariate distributions is reviewed. It is derived in a survival/reliability context, where the dependence is modeled as random effects, viz, by an unobserved covariate common to the components in a system and assumed to follow a positive stable distribution. Accounting for censored data is straightforward. The class is well fitted to proportional hazard models, and distributions of minima are simple. An important subfamily is the multivariate Weibull distributions. The theory is illustrated with an example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The effects of outward forced convective flow on inward diffusion of potassium across human dentin. (2002)

The results showed the Colgate-brushed specimens had lower Lp (P < 0.05) than specimens brushed with Sensodyne or with saline. The Colgate-brushed specimens had a corresponding lower K+ flux, at a PP = 0 cm H2O, than specimens brushed with saline, but were not significantly different than specimens brushed with Sensodyne dentifrice. However, when the pressure was increased from 0 to 20 cm H2O, to simulate outward dentin fluid pressure, there were significant decreases in K+ flux across all three treatment groups, but the K+ flux of the Colgate-brushed specimens were affected the least, resulting in the Colgate-brushed specimens having significantly (P < 0.05) greater K+ fluxes than the saline or Sensodyne dentifrice-brushed groups. The magnitude of reduction in K+ flux in going from 0 cm H2O to 20 cm H2O was demonstrated to be linearly related to the magnitude of the Lp of the brushed specimens. Hence, a small Lp corresponded to a small reduction in K+ flux, and a correspondingly large K+ flux at 20 cm H2O. An explanation of this phenomenon is that a decrease in the Lp of dentin, produced by brushing, corresponds to a decreased outward dentin fluid flow. This lowers the outward K+ convective flow and also lowers the inward K+ diffusion. However, since the decrease of the outward K+ convective flow is greater than the decrease of the inward K+ diffusion, and the net flux is the algebraic sum of these two terms, the result is greater net inward K+ flux through the dentin. Therefore, the Colgate-brushed specimens, which exhibited the lowest Lp, provided the greatest inward K+ flux at simulated dentin fluid pressure.
Über die Substratspezifität der Diamin‐oxydase. 12. Mitteilung über Amin‐oxydasen (1956)

Abstract 1. Out of 62 diamines, tested as potential substrates of mammalian diamine oxidase (DO), 22 are acted upon by this enzyme. Fifteen compounds are reported for the first time to be substrates of DO in general and 17 for the enzyme obtained from hog kidney cortex.
Linear and non-linear parameters of heart rate variability during static and dynamic exercise in a high-performance dinghy sailor. (2004)

The analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is recognized as a powerful non-invasive tool to evaluate the influence of autonomic nervous system on the heart and the heart-brain interaction. It is well-known that relatively high HRV is correlated to health condition while low HRV corresponds to cardiovascular disease or could be caused by mental stress, depression or exercise. In order to investigate heart-brain interaction we compare linear and non linear parameters calculated from HRV signals recorded in the same subject at similar heart rate (HR) values, during two different conditions, i.e. static exercise during sailing and dynamic exercise on cycloergometer. In the study, performed in one high-performance would class dinghy sailor, the HR was recorded at rest and during the two types of exercise. For the analysis, tachogram tracts with similar HR values were considered. The power spectral densities in very-low, low (LF) and high (HF) frequency bands were evaluated as well as the LF/HF ratio, the two standard deviations (SD1 and SD2) of the Poincaré plot, the beta values and the fractal dimension (FD). The results indicate a decrease of HRV, LF, HF, SD1 and SD2 parameters, as well as an increase of beta and FD during both types of exercise compared to rest. However, the higher values of LF, LF/HF ratio and SD2 as well as the lower value of FD in upwind sailing in comparison to dynamic exercise on cycloergometer, at similar HR, suggest a different sympatho-vagal modulation on cardiac function and therefore a different heart-brain interaction in these isometric and isotonic exercises.
Low-frequency backscattering from a submerged bubble cloud (1991)

The results of a recent series of experiments designed to demonstrate resonance backscattering from a bubble cloud are presented. In these experiments, an ≈1-m-diam bubble cloud was generated ≈20 m beneath the surface of a deep-water lake and insonified using a pulsed parametric-array projector. Through measurements of frequency-dependent backscattering, target strengths were determined for frequencies ranging from 500 Hz to 4 kHz. (The individual bubble resonance frequencies ranged from ≈1.5 to ≈5 kHz.) Results indicate an increasing target strength with decreasing frequency, which suggests the presence of a resonance response in the subkilohertz range. Experimental results will be discussed in light of theories describing the collective oscillations of bubble clouds and plumes. [Work supported by ONR, ONT, and AEAS.]
[Urethral instability: diagnosis and clinical significance]. (1984)

Simultaneous urethrocystometry, the advantages of which are outlined, enabled us to diagnose 27 cases of pure urethral instability (male and female) and 16 cases of mixed instability (urethral and bladder instability). We analysed the relationship between the main symptom, this urethral dysfunction and the competence of the bladder neck. Definition, characteristics and frequency of urethral instability are discussed. It is responsible of: frequency or urgency, in the absence of bladder instability, when the bladder neck is closed, intermittent sphincteric incontinence, in the presence of a normal closure pressure on the urethral pressure profile, when the bladder neck is incompetent, enuresis, particularly in case of stable bladder; a new treatment is proposed for this entity. The clinical interest of this diagnosis is stressed in these three situations.
Identification of recombination centers in wide-band-gap crystals and related nanostructures from spin-dependent tunneling afterglow (2009)

The centers involved in the spin-dependent recombination in KCl: AgCl insulator-semiconductor wide-band-gap crystal structures, bulk ZnO crystals, and quantum dots based on ZnO nanocrystals have been identified by detecting electron paramagnetic resonance from tunneling afterglow. Long tunneling after-glow has been excited by short-term UV irradiation of the sample at liquid-helium temperatures. The observed magnetic quenching of the afterglow at low temperatures results from the Boltzmann polarization of spins of recombination centers. The revealed giant increase in the afterglow intensity is induced by the reorientation of spins of these centers at electron paramagnetic resonance. A new technique for recording the spectra at a high frequency of 94 GHz has been developed and used with the aim of increasing the sensitivity and spectral resolution. This technique has made it possible to separate electron and hole centers in the KCl: AgCl structures and to demonstrate that ZnO: Al quantum dots contain two types of deep acceptors.
Arguments about Proportional Representation (1995)

Proportional representation is not in itself a system for elections, but rather a criterion upon which to evaluate the working of any one of a range of electoral systems which can be used for voting purposes. It is a principle or yardstick by which to test the degree of representative proportionality between citizens’ votes and successful party candidates. More precisely, what is looked for is the percentage equivalents between the total national votes cast for the respective parties’ candidates, and the number of seats won by the parties in the House of Commons. Proponents of proportional representation believe that there should be a direct and close correlation between total votes cast for each party across the country at a general election, and the number of seats won by each party in the House of Commons. Under a pure application of the principle, if half the voters in the country vote for the Conservative Party and one-third vote Labour, then half the membership of the House of Commons — 326 MPs — should be Conservative MPs and one-third of the House — 217 MPs — should be Labour. By contrast, in Britain, as Sir Ivor Jennings once succinctly put it, ‘Our system of representation produces the result that the size of a majority in the House of Commons may bear little resemblance to the size of the majority in the country.’1 No one in British politics today is advocating a scheme of electoral reform that is completely proportional between votes and seats (which would require what is called a national list system) and only two countries in the world (the Netherlands and Israel) possess such a method of voting.