gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen‐Bonded Supramolecular Assemblies as Robust Templates in the Synthesis of Large Metal‐Coordinated Capsules (2005)

Uncommon water chain: A large neutral hexameric coordination cage [Ga12(H2O)24(C40H42O12)6⊂(acetone)8(H2O)6] is assembled from six pyrogallol[4]arene ligands and twelve GaIII ions. Found within the capsule structure are two pseudo-linear hydrogen-bonded water (H2O)5 chains (see picture, Ga gold, O red).
Preserving Wool Fabric Properties During Dyeing Using Some Maleic Acid Derivatives (2004)

The protective effects on wool dyeing of three compounds containing activated double bonds are studied and compared with some commercially available products. Wool fabric is dyed under different conditions with Kiton Fast Blue CR 200 in the presence of N-(trifluorophenyl) maleamic acid, N-(1-naphthyl) maleimide, N-(trifluorophenyl) male imide, Irgasol HTW NEW, and Miralan HTP. The consequences of the treatments are evaluated in terms of tensile strength, permanent set, and hygral expansion of the fabric samples. Optimal values of temperature, pH, and concentration of protective agent are determined for minimal changes in fabric physical properties during dyeing. The results show that two different chemical mechanisms can be used to explain changes to the physical properties that occur during the wool dyeing process.
The distribution of syndecan during murine secondary palate morphogenesis. (1992)

The distribution of syndecan, an integral membrane proteoglycan, has been immunohistochemically mapped during the course of murine secondary palate morphogenesis, gestational days 12-15. Syndecan has been shown to mediate cell adhesion and shape change and to be involved in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during the morphogenesis of several structures. Changes in epithelial cell architecture accompany and may serve to direct the reorientation of the murine secondary palatal shelves from a vertical position on either side of the tongue to a horizontal and adhering position above it. Using a monoclonal antibody made to the core protein of the ectodomain of syndecan, staining was observed to correlate with epithelial cell shape, packing and degree of differentiation. Staining of condensing mesenchyme was also observed. Syndecan may be involved in modulating epithelial cell shape, architecture and fates during both major phases of secondary palate morphogenesis: shelf reorientation and midline epithelial seam dissolution.
Amino acid residues in the Ler protein critical for derepression of the LEE5 promoter in enteropathogenic E. coli (2016)

Enteropathogenic E. coli causes attaching and effacing (A/E) intestinal lesions. The genes involved in the formation of A/E lesions are encoded within a chromosomal island comprising of five major operons, LEE1-5. The global regulator H-NS represses the expression of these operons. Ler, a H-NS homologue, counteracts the H-NS-mediated repression. Using a novel genetic approach, we identified the amino acid residues in Ler that are involved in the interaction with H-NS: I20 and L23 in the C-terminal portion of α-helix 3, and I42 in the following unstructured linker region.
Synthesis of carbazole-based BODIPY dimers showing red fluorescence in the solid state (2017)

Carbazole-based BODIPY dimers 2a-g were synthesized via direct arylation. They showed red-shifted solid-state fluorescence spectra as compared with the corresponding monomer. In addition, unsymmetrical dimers 2d, 2f, and 2g with two different substituents showed red fluorescence with improved quantum yields in the solid state.
Phenology and Reproductive Status of Adult Locust Twig Borers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Southeastern Kentucky (1988)

Journal Article Phenology and Reproductive Status of Adult Locust Twig Borers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Southeastern Kentucky Get access W. T. Thoeny, W. T. Thoeny 1 Department of Entomology, Agriculture Science Center North, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546-0091 1Current address: USDA Forest Service, SFES, 2500 Shreveport Hwy., Pineville, LA 71360. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. L. Nordin G. L. Nordin Department of Entomology, Agriculture Science Center North, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546-0091 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 17, Issue 1, 1 February 1988, Pages 35–39, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/17.1.35 Published: 01 February 1988 Article history Received: 18 September 1986 Accepted: 21 September 1987 Published: 01 February 1988
Fragmentations of 1,2-diethoxyethane by electron impact. (1989)

The fragmentation processes of 1, 2-diethoxyethane have been investigated by using deuterium labelling experiments, mass analyzed ion kinetic energy spectroscopy, and measurements of kinetic energy release and heats of formation.This molecular ion fragments to the ions at m/z 74, m/z 72, and m/z 59 by losses of C2H4O, C2H6O, and C3H7O, respectively, The first two reactions involve the hydrogen migration, These fragmentation mechanisms are estimated by comparison of the experimental results of the title compound with those of reference compounds.
Selection experiments with dynamic combinatorial libraries: the importance of the target concentration (2005)

Experimental data are presented which demonstrate that the target concentration has a strong influence on the outcome of selection experiments with a dynamic mixture of self-assembled receptors.
Tribocharged Polymer Surfaces: Solvent Effect on Pattern Formation and Modification (2012)

Abstract Commonly used liquids have a powerful effect on the tribocharge patterns formed by rubbing polyethylene (PE) and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) surfaces. Solvents previously absorbed on PE specifically suppress positive tribocharge deposition. When applied to previously tribocharged surfaces, they also behave as charge-suppressing agents or transfer media. All these unprecedented results verify a new mechanochemical model that was recently introduced to explain the hitherto challenging problem of triboelectricity formation.
UV Spectroscopy of DNA Duplex and Quadruplex Structures in the Gas Phase (2012)

UV absorption spectroscopy is one of the most widely used methods to monitor nucleic acid folding in solution, but the absorption readout is the weighted average contribution of all species present in solution. Mass spectrometry, on the other hand, is able to separate constituents of the solution based on their mass, but methods to probe the structure of each constituent are needed. Here, we explored whether gas-phase UV spectroscopy can give an indication of DNA folding in ions isolated by electrospray mass spectrometry. Model DNA single strands, duplexes, and G-quadruplexes were extracted from solution by electrospray; the anions were stored in a quadrupole ion trap and irradiated by a tunable laser to obtain the UV action spectra of each complex. We found that the duplex and quadruplex spectra are significantly different from the spectra of single strands, thereby suggesting that electronic spectroscopy can be used to probe the DNA gas-phase structure and obtain information about the intrinsic properties of high-order DNA structure.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON 2,3‐DIHYDRO‐TRICHINACENON‐(2) (1971)

Abstract Die Dicarbonsäure (I) wurde über das Dichlorid und Diazid zum Diketon (II) umgelagert (55% Gesamtausbeute), das nach Monoketalisierung zu (III) (70%) durch Oxidation mit m‐Chlor‐perbenzoesäure die isomeren Lactone (IV) ergab (90%).
E-cadherin promoter region methylation and its correlation with transcript level for the NCI-60 cancer cell lines (2004)

4984 We are mapping the methylation patterns of cancer interesting genes in the NCI-60 cell lines using-high throughput “bisulfite-sequencing”. The NCI-60 cell lines represent nine tissues of origin, including both epithelial and non-epithelial types. Candidate genes were selected on the basis of documented importance in cancer and the occurrence of functionally significant promoter region methylation. The first of these genes for which the studies have been completed is E-cadherin. E-cadherin is a transmembrane glycoprotein whose decreased expression in many tumors of epithelial origin is associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. Here, we report detailed CpG island methylation patterns for the promoter region of E-cadherin. Included in the region amplified by nested PCR for sequencing was a 337-base stretch that included 29 CpG cytosines. When analyzed by tissue of origin, the mean methylation levels across all 29 CpG sites were 42% for breast, 18% for colon, 28% for non-small cell lung, 26% for ovarian, 18% for prostate, 58% for renal, 61% for central nervous system, 84% for leukemia, and 47% for melanoma. The methylation patterns were visualized and analyzed using MethMiner software (S. Kim, manuscript in preparation). To examine in detail the relationship between CpG island methylation and gene expression, we compared the methylation profile of the NCI60 with transcript expression data from four different experimental platforms: pin-spotted cDNA microarrays (Incyte, Palo Alto, CA), and HU6800, U95, and U133 Affymetrix oligonucleotide chips (U95 and U133 done by GeneLogic, Gaithersburg, MD). The Pearson’s correlation coefficients for these microarrays, with Bootstrap resampling to establish confidence intervals, were statistically significant at the P=0.05 level, with values of –0.55, -0.53, -0.57, and –0.62, respectively. The negative correlation indicates that an increase in methylation is associated with a decrease in transcript level that is a relative silencing of the gene.
CD4-Induced T-20 Binding to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 Blocks Interaction with the CXCR4 Coreceptor (2004)

The synthetic peptide T-20, which corresponds to a sequence within the C-terminal heptad repeat region (HR2) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp41 envelope glycoprotein, potently inhibits viral membrane fusion and entry. Although T-20 is thought to bind the N-terminal heptad repeat region (HR1) of gp41 and interfere with gp41 conformational changes required for membrane fusion, coreceptor specificity determined by the V3 loop of gp120 strongly influences the sensitivity of HIV-1 variants to T-20. Here, we show that T-20 binds to the gp120 glycoproteins of HIV-1 isolates that utilize CXCR4 as a coreceptor in a manner determined by the sequences of the gp120 V3 loop. T-20 binding to gp120 was enhanced in the presence of soluble CD4. Analysis of T-20 binding to gp120 mutants with variable loop deletions and the reciprocal competition of T-20 and particular anti-gp120 antibodies suggested that T-20 interacts with a gp120 region near the base of the V3 loop. Consistent with the involvement of this region in coreceptor binding, T-20 was able to block the interaction of gp120-CD4 complexes with the CXCR4 coreceptor. These results help to explain the increased sensitivity of CXCR4-specific HIV-1 isolates to the T-20 peptide. Interactions between the gp41 HR2 region and coreceptor-binding regions of gp120 may also play a role in the function of the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins.
Neutron wave-interference experiments with adiabatic passage of neutron spin through resonant coils (2001)

Neutron resonance spin echo phenomena, produced by resonance coils with adiabatic passage of the neutron spin, are investigated experimentally and theoretically. The adiabatic passage of the neutron spin through a resonance coil requires a specific configuration of the magnetic field. The solution of the Schr\"odinger equation, obtained for the required configuration, shows the probability of a spin-flip process; it also shows the phase shift, which the neutron experienced, when it flies through it. The precession phase inside the coil consists of three contributions in the rotating frame approach. The first, biggest contribution is the phase of the rotating frame ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}\ensuremath{\tau}.$ The second is the precession phase of the neutron spin in the rotating frame since it follows adiabatically the effective field as seen in this frame. The third, smallest contribution is Berry's phase since the magnetic field rotates over an angle approaching $\ensuremath{\pi}$ in this rotating frame. This rotation is followed adiabatically by the neutron spin. Finally, the amplitude of the interference pattern and the phase shift between the neutron-spin states are derived for a system consisting of two such flippers. The theoretical consideration is experimentally confirmed.
Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli frequency in orthodontic patients; the effect of chlorhexidine treatments (1987)

Patients with malocclusions often have a large number of retention sites for plaque. This study describes the levels of caries-inducing Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in the saliva of 138 orthodontic patients prior to treatment. It was found that the number of micro-organisms did not differ from that given for a general population of corresponding ages. After insertion of fixed orthodontic appliances, the levels of both species were found to have increased, despite a pre-treatment oral hygiene education and training. Chlorhexidine treatments significantly reduced the number of S. mutans, both prior to and during the orthodontic treatment period. As a rapid recolonization took place in many subjects, the effect of the treatment needs to be monitored by repeated microbiological sampling procedures. No effect on numbers of lactobacilli could be demonstrated.
Structure-Function Analysis of the C-terminal Domain of CNM67, a Core Component of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Spindle Pole Body (2011)

The spindle pole body of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has served as a model system for understanding microtubule organizing centers, yet very little is known about the molecular structure of its components. We report here the structure of the C-terminal domain of the core component Cnm67 at 2.3 Å resolution. The structure determination was aided by a novel approach to crystallization of proteins containing coiled-coils that utilizes globular domains to stabilize the coiled-coils. This enhances their solubility in Escherichia coli and improves their crystallization. The Cnm67 C-terminal domain (residues Asn-429-Lys-581) exhibits a previously unseen dimeric, interdigitated, all α-helical fold. In vivo studies demonstrate that this domain alone is able to localize to the spindle pole body. In addition, the structure reveals a large functionally indispensable positively charged surface patch that is implicated in spindle pole body localization. Finally, the C-terminal eight residues are disordered but are critical for protein folding and structural stability.
On alkylideneamidosulfenyl chlorides and 1-Thia-2-azoniaallene salts (2002)

X-Ray-diffraction analysis of tBu2CNSCl (4b) revealed an almost linear CNS unit with an SN bond order of ca. 1.9 (Fig. 1), in agreement with the structure of a 1-thia-2-azoniaallene chloride. With SCl2 and SbCl5, compound 4b was transformed into the imidosulfurous dichloride 6 (Scheme 2). With morpholine, compounds 4b and 6 afforded the sulfenamide 7and the aminosulfonium salt 8, respectively. The (diarylmethylene)amidosulfenyl chlorides 4g,h,i reacted with SbCl5 to give SbCl salts of the 1,2-benzisothiazoles 9a,b,d, most likely via 1-thia-2-azoniaallene intermediates 2 (Scheme 3).
A dielectric elastomer actuator coupled with water: snap-through instability and giant deformation (2015)

A dielectric elastomer actuator is one class of soft actuators which can deform in response to voltage. Dielectric elastomer actuators coupled with liquid have recently been developed as soft pumps, soft lenses, Braille displays, etc. In this paper, we conduct experiments to investigate the performance of a dielectric elastomer actuator which is coupled with water. The membrane is subject to a constant water pressure, which is found to significantly affect the electromechanical behaviour of the membrane. When the pressure is small, the membrane suffers electrical breakdown before snap-through instability, and achieves a small voltage-induced deformation. When the pressure is higher to make the membrane near the verge of the instability, the membrane can achieve a giant voltage-induced deformation, with an area strain of 1165%. When the pressure is large, the membrane suffers pressure-induced snap-through instability and may collapse due to a large amount of liquid enclosed by the membrane. Theoretical analyses are conducted to interpret these experimental observations.
BEDSIDE MANAGEMENT OF PROBLEMS OF FLUID BALANCE (1950)

It is our purpose in this paper to describe a practical clinical routine for the accurate determination of water and chloride balance and to demonstrate how such balance data may be employed to determine water and electrolyte dosage in difficult problems of fluid balance. It is critically important to attempt to maintain normal water and electrolyte balance in severely ill patients. Yet this is often difficult to accomplish in patients with a lowered cardiorenal reserve, acute infection, oliguria, prolonged severe illness or large losses of bowel fluid. In this paper we are concerned with the difficult problem of determining daily salt (sodium chloride) and water requirements in these complicated conditions. The management of such patients is difficult because the usual criteria for determining salt and water needs that may be satisfactory in the routine case are often inadequate when complications are present. There are three reasons for this: Determinations
“Molded” rods of macroporous polymer for preparative separations of biological products (1995)

A continuous rod of porous poly(glycidy1 methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) has been prepared by a free radical polymerization within the confines of a 16-mm-i.d. glass column. The epoxide groups of the rod have been modified in situ by their reaction with diethylamine to afford the ionizable weak base 1-N,N-diethylamino-2-hydroxypropyl functionalities that are required for the ion-exchange chromatographic mode. The bimodal pore size distribution curve typical for other molded separation media also prevail for the preparative-size rod. The column has been used successfully for the chromatographic separation of a mixture of standard proteins and yeast enzymes. The column exhibits a dynamic capacity that exceeds 420 mg of bovine serum albumin at a flow velocity of 60 cm/h. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Slip velocity and lift (2002)

The lift force on a circular particle in plane Poiseuille flow perpendicular to gravity is studied by direct numerical simulation. The angular slip velocity Ω s =Ω p +½γ˙, where −½γ˙ is the angular velocity of the fluid at a point where the shear rate is γ˙ and Ω p is the angular velocity of the particle, is always positive at an equilibrium position at which the hydrodynamic lift balances the buoyant weight. The particle migrates to its equilibrium position and adjusts Ω p so that Ω s > 0 is nearly zero because Ω p ≈ −1/2γ˙ No matter where the particle is placed, it drifts to an equilibrium position with a unique, slightly positive equilibrium angular slip velocity. The angular slip velocity discrepancy defined as the difference between the angular slip velocity of a migrating particle and the angular slip velocity at its equilibrium position is positive below the position of equilibrium and negative above it. This discrepancy is the quantity that changes sign above and below the equilibrium position for neutrally buoyant particles, and also above and below the lower equilibrium position for heavy particles. The existence and properties of unstable positions of equilibrium due to newly identified turning-point transitions and those near the centreline are discussed. The long particle model of Choi & Joseph (2001) that gives rise to an explicit formula for the particle velocity and the velocity profile across the channel through the centreline of the particle is modified to include the effect of the rotation of the particle. In view of the simplicity of the model, the explicit formula for U p and the velocity profile are in surprisingly good agreement with simulation values. The value of the Poiseuille flow velocity at the point at the particle's centre when the particle is absent is always larger than the particle velocity; the slip velocity is positive at steady flow.
Multiplexed Protein Arrays Enabled by Polymer Pen Lithography: Addressing the Inking Challenge (2009)

Alleskönner: Eine neue Methode für die Verwendung von PPL-Gussformen (Polymer-Pen-Lithographie) zur mehrfarbigen Betintung eines PPL-Arrays wurde entwickelt. Die Technik ermöglicht den schnellen Paralleldruck von nano- und mikroskaligen Proteinmustern mit bis zu 150 000 Einzelstrukturen pro Sekunde (siehe Bild). Die Methode ist universell einsetzbar und funktioniert im Prinzip mit jeder Substanz, die durch PPL transportiert werden kann. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Overview of tailings reclamation in western Canada (1989)

Coal, oil sands', potash, precious and base metals are mined in western Canada. Each produces its characteristic type of tailin'gs. Reclamation is controlled by local regulatory requirements and by the nature of the tailings and adjacent land uses. The tailings range from innocuous to highly reactive; posing short term revegetation concerns to indefinite maintenance problems. Major, unresolved technical problems occur with oil sand tailings and.sulfide metal mine tailings.
Technical considerations of a new technique for orthotopic heart transplantation. Total excision of recipient's atria with bicaval and pulmonary venous anastomoses. (1994)

An alternative technique for orthotopic heart transplantation is described. It consists of total excision of the recipient's atria with donor heart transplantation performed using bicaval end-to-end anastomosis, as well as pulmonary venous anastomoses. Thus, total atrial as well as ventricular transplantation is performed. This new surgical approach is technically simple and preserves the anatomic size, geometric configuration and physiologic function of the atria. This technique has the potential to improve the long-term hemodynamic results in heart transplant patients as it reduces the incidence of postoperative atrioventricular valve regurgitation. In addition, the incidence of early posttransplant bradyarrhythmias (within 4 to 6 weeks after transplantation) that require the insertion of a permanent pacemaker is also significantly reduced. This report describes some technical guidelines for harvesting the donor heart, as well as for the implantation of the cardiac allograft, in order to avoid the development of serious intraoperative and postoperative complications directly associated with this technique.