gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Affective Disorders and Phototherapy (1989)

This report summarizes presentations made at a National Institute of Mental Health-sponsored workshop dealing with recurrent winter depression, or seasonal affective disorder (SAD), and with phototherapy as its treatment. Workshop participants reviewed major issues in the following areas: (1) diagnosis, clinical characteristics, and epidemiology of the disorder; (2) critical issues in phototherapy research; (3) biologic effects of light and mechanism of action of phototherapy; (4) biologic abnormalities in SAD; and (5) animal models and their applicability to the study of SAD. Most research evidence to date supports the efficacy of phototherapy in the treatment of SAD. However, considerable controversy remains concerning its mechanism of action and the underlying pathophysiology of the disorder. These and other unresolved issues are reviewed, and areas of consensus in the field are identified.
The Critical Role of Epithelial-Derived Act1 in IL-17- and IL-25-Mediated Pulmonary Inflammation (2009)

IL-25 initiates, promotes, and augments Th2 immune responses. In this study, we report that Act1, a key component in IL-17-mediated signaling, is an essential signaling molecule for IL-25 signaling. Although Act1-deficient mice showed reduced expression of KC (CXCL1) and neutrophil recruitment to the airway compared with wild-type mice in response to IL-17 stimulation, Act1 deficiency abolished IL-25-induced expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, eotaxin-1 (CCL11), and pulmonary eosinophilia. Using a mouse model of allergic pulmonary inflammation, we observed diminished Th2 responses and lung inflammation in Act1-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice. Importantly, Act1 deficiency in epithelial cells reduced the phenotype of allergic pulmonary inflammation due to loss of IL-17-induced neutrophilia and IL-25-induced eosinophilia, respectively. These results demonstrate the essential role of epithelial-derived Act1 in allergic pulmonary inflammation through the distinct impact of the IL-17R-Act1 and IL-25R-Act1 axes. Such findings are crucial for the understanding of pathobiology of atopic diseases, including allergic asthma, which identifies Act1 as a potential therapeutic target.
Digging for gold (1995)

The computer age promised to deliver information at the push of a button wherever it was needed. Instead it produces mounds of data, mostly worthless for any given purpose, requiring complex queries to extract relevant information. In the past, businesses failed to solve problems through lack of available data; nowadays the problem is more often too much data. The challenge is to find ways of distilling large volumes of data into valuable information. Most companies put far more information into their computers than they are ever likely to take out of them. Here, the authors describe how data mining offers a quick and efficient way of extracting those items that are useful.
An efficient compaction algorithm for test vectors of microprocessors and microcontrollers (2003)

A compaction algorithm is presented that takes advantage of the fact that repeating patterns in the simulation output of microprocessors and microcontrollers occur due to specific reasons. An instance of each different, multiply-occurring repeating pattern is extracted as a subroutine in an efficient manner, as compared to the ad hoc approaches used earlier. Compaction is then achieved by replacing the repeating patterns by calls to appropriate subroutines. The algorithm has been implemented in a C program, with excellent results obtained. A sample of the results is included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
논문 / 부모의 이혼이 아동의 성격발달에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 (1994)

사회가 점차 산업화 및 도시화와 산업화에 수반되어 오늘날 우리 사회에 가장 부상되고 있으면서도 소외되어 있는 계층과 이혼한 부부와 그들의 아동의 문제는 학문적으로 규명되어야 할 뿐 아니라 복지사회의 실현과 보조를 맞추어 사회복지 분야에서 그 성격이 규명되어야 할 뿐 아니라 그에 대한 도움의 방법론적 시도가 그 어느 때 보다도 시급한 과제라고 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 일곱 부분으로 구성되어 있다. 제1부분은 연구의 필요성과 연구의 방법론이 소개되었다. 제2부분은 이론적 배경으로 개념정의, 일곱개의 설명변수들을 설정하여 부모가 이혼한 아동이 가지는 특성에 접근하였으며, 그리고 좀더 직접적으로 이혼이 아동의 성격발달에 미치는 영향을 생활주기를 비교적 잘 반영하는 연령집단별로 규명해 보았다. 이혼은 그 자체가 외상적인 생활사건일 뿐 아니라 그로 해서 아동의 성격에 부정적인 영향을 미침을 예측한 대로 확인할 수 있었다. 제4부분에서는 아동이 부모의 이혼에 대하여 어떤 태도로 반응하게 되는가를 기존의 사례 5건을 설명체로 리얼하게 기술하면서 사례에 해당되는 사람들이 겪게 되는 다양한 역경에 접해 볼 수 있었다. 제5부분에서는 부모가 이혼한 아동의 문제를 일곱가지의 범주로 분류하여 문제를 좀더 세분화 및 명확화 했다. 제6부분에서는 본인, 이혼한 부모, 그리고 전문가들이 그들을 어떻게 도울 것인가를 역동적으로 살펴보았다. 마지막 부분은 결언으로 위의 요약에 기초하여 그것이 의미하는 바에 대한 함의성을 간략하게 토의하고자 한다.
Speaker Diarization: About whom the Speaker is Talking ? (2006)

The automatic speaker diarization consists in splitting the signal into homogeneous segments and clustering them by speakers. However the speaker segments are specified with anonymous labels. This paper suggests a solution to identify those speakers by extracting their full names pronounced in French broadcast news. A semantic classification tree is automatically built on a training corpus and associate the full names detected in the transcription of a segment to this segment or to one of its neighbors. Then, a merging method permits to associate a full name to a speaker cluster instead of an anonymous label provided by the diarization. The experiments are carried out over French broadcast news records from the ESTER 2005 evaluation campaign. About 70% show duration is correctly processed for both development and evaluation corpora. On the evaluation corpus, 18.2% show duration is wrongly named and no decision is taken for 11.9% show duration
Identification of Arx transcriptional targets in the developing basal forebrain (2008)

Mutations in the aristaless-related homeobox (ARX) gene are associated with multiple neurologic disorders in humans. Studies in mice indicate Arx plays a role in neuronal progenitor proliferation and development of the cerebral cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, striatum, and olfactory bulbs. Specific defects associated with Arx loss of function include abnormal interneuron migration and subtype differentiation. How disruptions in ARX result in human disease and how loss of Arx in mice results in these phenotypes remains poorly understood. To gain insight into the biological functions of Arx, we performed a genome-wide expression screen to identify transcriptional changes within the subpallium in the absence of Arx. We have identified 84 genes whose expression was dysregulated in the absence of Arx. This population was enriched in genes involved in cell migration, axonal guidance, neurogenesis, and regulation of transcription and includes genes implicated in autism, epilepsy, and mental retardation; all features recognized in patients with ARX mutations. Additionally, we found Arx directly repressed three of the identified transcription factors: Lmo1, Ebf3 and Shox2. To further understand how the identified genes are involved in neural development, we used gene set enrichment algorithms to compare the Arx gene regulatory network (GRN) to the Dlx1/2 GRN and interneuron transcriptome. These analyses identified a subset of genes in the Arx GRN that are shared with that of the Dlx1/2 GRN and that are enriched in the interneuron transcriptome. These data indicate Arx plays multiple roles in forebrain development, both dependent and independent of Dlx1/2, and thus provides further insights into the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathology of mental retardation and epilepsy phenotypes resulting from ARX mutations.
Aerobic inactivation of fumarate reductase from Escherichia coli by mutation of the [3Fe-4S]-quinone binding domain (1995)

Fumarate reductase from Escherichia coli functions both as an anaerobic fumarate reductase and as an aerobic succinate dehydrogenase. A site-directed mutation of E. coli fumarate reductase in which FrdB Pro-159 was replaced with a glutamine or histidine residue was constructed and overexpressed in a strain of E. coli lacking a functional copy of the fumarate reductase or succinate dehydrogenase complex. The consequences of these mutations on bacterial growth, assembly of the enzyme complex, and enzymatic activity were investigated. Both mutations were found to have no effect on anaerobic bacterial growth or on the ability of the enzyme to reduce fumarate compared with the wild-type enzyme. The FrdB Pro-159-to-histidine substitution was normal in its ability to oxidize succinate. In contrast, however, the FrdB Pro-159-to-Gln substitution was found to inhibit aerobic growth of E. coli under conditions requiring a functional succinate dehydrogenase, and furthermore, the aerobic activity of the enzyme was severely inhibited upon incubation in the presence of its substrate, succinate. This inactivation could be prevented by incubating the mutant enzyme complex in an anaerobic environment, separating the catalytic subunits of the fumarate reductase complex from their membrane anchors, or blocking the transfer of electrons from the enzyme to quinones. The results of these studies suggest that the succinate-induced inactivation occurs by the production of hydroxyl radicals generated by a Fenton-type reaction following introduction of this mutation into the [3Fe-4S] binding domain. Additional evidence shows that the substrate-induced inactivation requires quinones, which are the membrane-bound electron acceptors and donors for the succinate dehydrogenase and fumarate reductase activities. These data suggest that the [3Fe-4S] cluster is intimately associated with one of the quinone binding sites found n fumarate reductase and succinate dehydrogenase.
Waveform Generation for Ultra-Wideband Radar System (1993)

In the current literature, ultra-wideband (UWB) waveforms are said to possess several potential advantages such as penetration of foliage, walls and ground, as well as target identification and detection of stealth targets. Due to the potential advantages of UWB waveforms, UWB power sources are currently being developed. This thesis investigates the Fourier synthesis method of waveform generation which is to be used with ultra-wideband radar. The major advantages of this method over traditional methods are that accurate control of pulse shapes and pulse repetition intervals (PRI) can be generated. In this thesis, the Fourier method is extended to generation of binary coded waveforms for UWB systems. The generation of such codes is important as it allows for the use of longer coded pulses. These coded pulses contain more energy and improve signal to noise ratio (SNR) while still retaining the range resolution and other benefits of smaller pulse widths. Ultra-wideband (UWB), Fourier series expansion, Fourier synthesis, Continuous wave coded waveform, Pulsed coded waveform.
Synthesis and properties of high oil‐absorbent <i>4‐tert</i>‐butylstyrene‐EPDM‐divinylbenzene graft terpolymer (2002)

Abstract The graft crosslinking polymerization of 4‐ tert ‐butylstyrene (tBS) and divinylbenzene (DVB) onto ethylene–propylene–diene (EPDM) was carried out in toluene by using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator. The synthesized graft terpolymer, tBS‐EPDM‐DVB (PBED), was extracted with tetrahydrofuran (THF) into gel (called as PBED I) and sol, and then they were identified by infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The effects of solvent amount, molar ratio of DVB to tBS, EPDM content, initiator concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time on the graft crosslinking polymerization were examined. Among them, solvent amount and molar ratio of DVB to tBS were the important factors for this reaction system. Maximum oil absorbency of PBED I was 84.0 g/g but its oil‐absorption kinetic rate was very low. Sol PBED can be reused as oil absorbent (named as PBED II) through photocrosslinking by ultraviolet light irradiation. Although the oil absorbencies of PBED II were lower than those of PBED I in most cases, their oil absorption kinetic rates were higher than oil absorbencies of PBED I. The highest value of oil absorbency of PBED II was 56.0 g/g. The thermal stability of PBED I was studied by TGA. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2119–2129, 2002
Changes in mechanical properties with DMSO-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells (1992)

We measured changes in the deformability of human promyelocytic leukemic (HL-60) cells induced to differentiate for 5-6 days along the granulocyte pathway by 1.25% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Differentiation resulted in an approximately 90% reduction in the transit times of the cells through capillary-sized pores over a range of aspiration pressures. Cell volume, as measured by two methods, decreased by an average of 35%. To account for the contribution of the volume decrease to the decrease in transit time, the liquid drop model, developed to describe neutrophil deformability, was used to calculate an apparent viscosity of the cells during this deformation. The apparent viscosity of both uninduced and induced HL-60 cells was a function of aspiration pressure, and an approximately 80% reduction in viscosity occurred with induction, as determined by regression analysis. The deformation rate-dependent viscosities of the induced cells were between 65 and 240 Pa-sec, values similar to those measured for circulating neutrophils. To assess the role of polymerized actin in these viscosity changes, intracellular F-actin content was measured, and the effect of dihydrocytochalasin B (DHB), an agent that disrupts actin polymerization, was determined. Despite the significant decrease in cellular viscosity, F-actin content per cell volume did not change significantly after induced differentiation. Treatment with 3 and 30 microM DHB lowered cellular F-actin content in a dose-dependent manner in both uninduced and induced cells. Cellular viscosity of both uninduced and induced cells decreased sharply with 3 microM DHB treatment (85% and 76% respectively). 30 microM DHB treatment caused a further significant reduction in the viscosity of uninduced cells, but for induced cells the additional decrease in viscosity was not significant. These data indicate that reductions in both cell volume and intrinsic viscosity contribute to the increased deformability of HL-60 cells with DMSO-induced differentiation. However, changes in the concentration of F-actin cannot account for the decrease in cellular viscosity that occurs.
<i>Diaporthe</i>: a genus of endophytic, saprobic and plant pathogenic fungi (2013)

Diaporthe (Phomopsis) species have often been reported as plant pathogens, non-pathogenic endophytes or saprobes, commonly isolated from a wide range of hosts. The primary aim of the present study was to resolve the taxonomy and phylogeny of a large collection of Diaporthe species occurring on diverse hosts, either as pathogens, saprobes, or as harmless endophytes. In the present study we investigated 243 isolates using multilocus DNA sequence data. Analyses of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2) region, and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1), beta-tubulin (TUB), histone H3 (HIS) and calmodulin (CAL) genes resolved 95 clades. Fifteen new species are described, namely Diaporthe arengae, D. brasiliensis, D. endophytica, D. hongkongensis, D. inconspicua, D. infecunda, D. mayteni, D. neoarctii, D. oxe, D. paranensis, D. pseudomangiferae, D. pseudophoenicicola, D. raonikayaporum, D. schini and D. terebinthifolii. A further 14 new combinations are introduced in Diaporthe, and D. anacardii is epitypified. Although species of Diaporthe have in the past chiefly been distinguished based on host association, results of this study confirm several taxa to have wide host ranges, suggesting that they move freely among hosts, frequently co-colonising diseased or dead tissue. In contrast, some plant pathogenic and endophytic taxa appear to be strictly host specific. Given this diverse ecological behaviour among members of Diaporthe, future species descriptions lacking molecular data (at least ITS and HIS or TUB) should be strongly discouraged.
Production, chemical characterization, and sensory profile of a novel spirit elaborated from spent coffee ground (2013)

This study describes a process for the production of a spirit from spent coffee ground (SCG), the chemical composition, and sensory profile of this distillate. The process consisted in three steps starting with the extraction of aroma compounds by hydrothermal treatment of SCG, followed by the fermentation of this extract supplemented with sucrose to ethanol, and the fermented broth distillation. Seventeen volatile compounds were identified in the distillate (including alcohols, esters, aldehydes, and acids), all of them in concentrations able to promote pleasant characteristics to the product. Based on the chemical composition, SCG spirit was considered as having organoleptic quality acceptable for human consumption. Twelve descriptors defined the sensory characteristics of this product, including clarity and brilliance (visual analysis), coffee, roasted, alcohol, elegance and frankly (olfactory analysis), bitter, astringent and pungent (gustatory analysis), and finesse (olfactory and gustatory analyses). Coffee was the most representative aroma by olfactory analysis. Based on the sensory analysis, SCG spirit was considered as having features of a pleasant beverage, with smell and taste of coffee.
Shc and Fak Differentially Regulate Cell Motility and Directionality Modulated by Pten (1999)

Cell migration is modulated by regulatory molecules such as growth factors, oncogenes, and the tumor suppressor PTEN. We previously described inhibition of cell migration by PTEN and restoration of motility by focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and p130 Crk-associated substrate (p130(Cas)). We now report a novel pathway regulating random cell motility involving Shc and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, which is downmodulated by PTEN and additive to a FAK pathway regulating directional migration. Overexpression of Shc or constitutively activated MEK1 in PTEN- reconstituted U87-MG cells stimulated integrin- mediated MAP kinase activation and cell migration. Conversely, overexpression of dominant negative Shc inhibited cell migration; Akt appeared uninvolved. PTEN directly dephosphorylated Shc. The migration induced by FAK or p130(Cas) was directionally persistent and involved extensive organization of actin microfilaments and focal adhesions. In contrast, Shc or MEK1 induced a random type of motility associated with less actin cytoskeletal and focal adhesion organization. These results identify two distinct, additive pathways regulating cell migration that are downregulated by tumor suppressor PTEN: one involves Shc, a MAP kinase pathway, and random migration, whereas the other involves FAK, p130(Cas), more extensive actin cytoskeletal organization, focal contacts, and directionally persistent cell motility. Integration of these pathways provides an intracellular mechanism for regulating the speed and the directionality of cell migration.
Comparison of message aggregation strategies for parallel simulations on a high performance cluster (2002)

Parallel simulations of fine grain applications usually generate a large amount of messages. The overhead for sending these messages over an interconnection network can dramatically limit the speedup of a parallel simulation. In this case, message aggregation techniques can increase the granularity of the application and reduce the communication overhead. This paper compares sender-initiated and receiver-initiated message aggregation strategies and addresses their performance when applied to parallel simulations of high-speed communication network models on a high performance cluster. Receiver-initiated strategies were initially motivated by the cyclic behavior of the parallel simulation kernel and by the capabilities of the test-bed environment to handle large messages up to 2000 bytes with small overheads.
Performance of all-optical shared memory architecture packet switch networks using channel grouping under bursty traffic (2002)

This work develops an exact logical operation model to predict the performance of the all-optical shared memory architecture (OSMA) class of packet switches, under random or bursty traffic. The model also provides a means to obtain a reasonable approximation of OSMA switch element performance within certain types of networks, including the Banyan family.
On the sliding-window representation in digital signal processing (1985)

The short-time Fourier transform of a discrete-time signal, which is the Fourier transform of a "windowed" version of the signal, is interpreted as a sliding-window spectrum. This sliding-window spectrum is a function of two variables: a discrete time index, which represents the position of the window, and a continuous frequency variable. It is shown that the signal can be reconstructed from the sampled sliding-window spectrum, i.e., from the values at the points of a certain time-frequency lattice. This sampling lattice is rectangular, and the rectangular cells occupy an area of 2π in the time-frequency domain. It is shown that an elegant way to represent the signal directly in terms of the sample values of the sliding-window spectrum, is in the form of Gabor's signal representation. Therefore, a reciprocal window is introduced, and it is shown how the window and the reciprocal window are related. Gabor's signal representation then expands the signal in terms of properly shifted and modulated versions of the reciprocal window, and the expansion coefficients are just the values of the sampled sliding-window spectrum.
Minimization of the hysteresis loss and low-field instability in technical Nb<sub>3</sub>Al conductors (2008)

This paper focuses on the magnetization characteristics of technical Nb3Al conductors, in particular the minimization of their hysteresis loss and low-field instability. Unlike the case of Nb3Sn wire fabrication, the Nb3Al wire is fabricated by a phase transformation process, in which it is believed that the Jc properties of the transformed Nb3Al phase do not depend on the filament size or shape, but rather are principally controlled by the rapid heating and quenching or transformation conditions. However, the rapid heating and quenching process forces us to use high-melting-point metals like niobium as the matrix. The use of Nb strongly affects the magnetization because of its superconductivity in low fields. In this paper, the magnetization properties of several kinds of technical Nb3Al conductors, including Ta matrix wires, were studied. The use of Ta was effective in suppressing low-field instability. In addition, we propose a new process to further minimize the filament diameter by a re-stacking (RS) method, whereby the rapidly quenched strands are re-stacked into a stabilizing material tube and co-drawn. This process leads to a very fine multifilamentary structure with a filament diameter of less than 15 µm, thereby substantially reducing the magnetization, as compared with high-performance Nb3Sn wires, e.g. RRP Nb3Sn wire. The ± 3 T hysteresis loss of the RS Nb3Al conductor was 370 mJ cm−3 and the non-Cu Jc (12 T, 4.2 K) of the conductor was 1350 A mm−2. These values meet the ITER strand specification.
Teleradiology: a review (1998)

Teleradiology, like telemedicine generally, has arisen because of the shift to digital communication and the demand for equal access to medical care. Unlike much of telemedicine, teleradiology can be shown to be cost-effective in many situations, particularly if the alternatives are to transport the X-ray film to a radiologist or to use the services of a visiting radiologist ('circuit riding'). A teleradiology system consists of an image-acquisition section and an image-display section, connected by a communications network. Considerable technical and clinical standardization work has been carried out (e.g. by the American College of Radiology) and commercial teleradiology systems are now available from a number of manufacturers. Up to 1994, more than 7000 teleradiology systems had been sold by the two largest manufactures. Technology trends suggest that it will soon be common for clinicians to view digital radiographs from outside radiology departments and probably from outside a hospital environment as well.