gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transplantation of bone marrow cells from transgenic mice expressing the human MDR1 gene results in long-term protection against the myelosuppressive effect of chemotherapy in mice (1992)

Many human cancers that are initially responsive to chemotherapy eventually fail to respond to treatment. For some drugs, dose escalation that may be required for a cure cannot be achieved because sensitive tissues such as bone marrow (BM) limit cytotoxic therapy. Approaches to prevent or circumvent BM toxicity are therefore a high priority of research on dose escalation protocols. In this study, we have transplanted BM cells from transgenic mice that constitutively express physiologic amounts of a functional human multidrug resistance (MDR1) cDNA to lethally irradiated C57BL/6 x SJL F1 mice (n = 36). From 6 weeks to 10 months after the transplant, all animals contained MDR1 DNA in spleen and BM specimens as indicated by Southern blot analysis, and expressed MDR1 messenger RNA in BM samples as detected by slot blot analysis. In addition, these animals were resistant to the myelosuppressive effect of doxorubicin, daunomycin, taxol, vinblastine, vincristine, etoposide, and actinomycin D, whereas control animals that were reconstituted with normal BM were drug sensitive. Finally, the chemoprotection afforded by the MDR1 gene could readily be reversed by adding chemosensitizers such as cyclosporin A and R-verapamil to chemotherapy. Hence, it appears that BM cells expressing the human MDR1 gene maintain this function after transplantation to host animals for a minimum of 10 months, and confer multidrug resistance to these BM recipients. This selective advantage conferred by expression of the MDR1 cDNA suggests a strategy for the use of MDR1 gene therapy in cancer chemotherapy and for the introduction of otherwise nonselectable genes into BM.
ON CHARACTERIZING THE REPRESENTATION FOR A REVERSED POINT MARTINGALE (2008)

In this paper, we obtain the representation for a reversed point martingale with respect to the reversed filtration generated by a point process. Besides, if a martingale can be expressed as a certain kind of stochastic integral with respect to some point martingale, then its reversed counterpart can also be expressed as a stochastic integral with respect to the corresponding reversed point martingale.
Novel one-pot polymer syntheses based on dithiols obtained from a five-membered cyclic dithiocarbonate and diamines (1998)

Novel one-pot syntheses of sulfur-containing polymers from a five-membered cyclic dithiocarbonate (5-phenoxymethyl-1,3-oxathiolane-2-thione (1)) and diamines were examined. Polydisulfides with M̄n 5400 ∼ 15800 were obtained in the oxidation polymerization of dithiols 2, which were obtained in situ by the reactions of 1 and diamines. When 1,12-dodecanediamine was employed, a polydisulfide with relatively high M̄n was obtained, while in the case of m-xylylenediamine, the polymerization was accompanied by intermolecular cyclization to give a polydisulfide with low M̄n. Polythiourethanes with M̄n 6500 ∼ 17200 were obtained in the polyaddition of 2 with 4,4′-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate). The yields and M̄n values increase with increasing methylene chain length of 2. Polythioethers with M̄n 2600 ∼ 19900 were obtained by the polycondensations of 2 with α,α′-dibromo-p-xylene. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer decreases with increasing methylene chain length in the main chain.
Synthesis of novel saccharide-acrylate monomers using biocatalytic approaches (2013)

Polyacrylaten met saccharide zijgroepen (poly saccharide-acrylaten) combineren de eigenschappen van suikers, met de apolaire eigenschappen van polyacrylaten. Deze polymeren worden gemaakt uit polymerizatie van monofunctionele saccharide-acrylaten. De synthese van saccharide-acrylaten, de monomeren voor deze wateroplosbare plastics, is moeilijk of zelfs onmogelijk met de huidige chemie, omdat saccharides veel hydroxyl groepen bevatten die min of meer dezelfde reactiviteit hebben. Het gebruik van biokatalysoren (enzymen) voor de synthese van saccharide-acrylaten heeft als voordeel dat enzymen uitermate selectief zijn voor de positie waar de reactie plaatsvindt. Het doel van dit onderzoek is om enzymatische syntheseroutes te vinden die gebruikt kunnen worden om saccharides te functionaliseren met één acrylaat groep per saccharide molecuul. Tijdens dit onderzoek zijn verschillende enzymen van de glycosyl hydrolase familie gevonden, die saccharide groepen kunnen koppelen aan hydroxyl functionele acrylaten. De saccharide groepen zijn afkomstig van goedkope bulk saccharides zoals zetmeel en cellulose (katoen). De saccharide-acrylaat reactie producten blijken precies één acrylaat groep per saccharide eenheid te bevatten door de hoge selectiviteit van de gebruikte enzymen. Daarnaast kan door de selectie van het enzym, de lengte van de saccharide groep gevarieerd worden van één glucose groep, één maltose groep (twee glucose eenheden) of een mengsel van saccharides met één tot veertien glucose eenheden. Omdat de saccharide-acrylaten één functionele groep per saccharide bevatten kunnen ze succesvol worden gepolymeriseerd door middel van (milieuvriendelijke) vrije radicaal polymerisatie in water. De nieuwe soort poly(saccharide-acrylaten) zijn volledig wateroplosbaar en kunnen in de toekomst gebruikt worden als dispergeermiddelen in cosmetica, dragers voor medicijnen of in andere biomedische toepassingen.
Weather data communication and utilization (1983)

The communication of weather data to aircraft is discussed. Problems encountered because of the great quantities of data available and the limited capacity to transfer this via radio link to an aircraft are discussed. Display devices are discussed.
Immunohistochemical Detection of <i>EGFR</i> Mutation Using Mutation-Specific Antibodies in Lung Cancer (2010)

On some characteristics, the positive reaction to mutation-specific antibodies differs from the molecular EGFR mutation. Therefore, this study revealed that not all patients with EGFR mutations can be selected using these mutation-specific antibodies.
Wave Interactions with Moving Boundaries (1967)

The general theory of the double Doppler effect is reviewed for both vacuum and material media. Frequency and amplitude changes in the reflected and transmitted waves at a partially reflecting moving interface are calculated for cases in which the medium behind the interface: (a) moves at a different velocity than the interface; (b) moves at the interface velocity; (c) is stationary. The advantages of case (c) for practical frequency conversion are discussed. Multiple moving interfaces in a stationary medium are also considered. On the basis of this theory, Doppler shifts at moving, tapered transition regions are analyzed as a series of discrete, closely spaced steps. This shows that the frequency conversion of the transmitted wave is independent of the slope of the taper. By use of a transmission line model, a simple physical explanation is given for the double Doppler effect in a moving taper.
Structural Evidence That Colicin A Protein Binds to a Novel Binding Site of TolA Protein in Escherichia coli Periplasm (2012)

The Tol assembly of proteins is an interacting network of proteins located in the Escherichia coli cell envelope that transduces energy and contributes to cell integrity. TolA is central to this network linking the inner and outer membranes by interactions with TolQ, TolR, TolB, and Pal. Group A colicins, such as ColA, parasitize the Tol network through interactions with TolA and/or TolB to facilitate translocation through the cell envelope to reach their cytotoxic site of action. We have determined the first structure of the C-terminal domain of TolA (TolAIII) bound to an N-terminal ColA polypeptide (TA(53-107)). The interface region of the TA(53-107)-TolAIII complex consists of polar contacts linking residues Arg-92 to Arg-96 of ColA with residues Leu-375-Pro-380 of TolA, which constitutes a β-strand addition commonly seen in more promiscuous protein-protein contacts. The interface region also includes three cation-π interactions (Tyr-58-Lys-368, Tyr-90-Lys-379, Phe-94-Lys-396), which have not been observed in any other colicin-Tol protein complex. Mutagenesis of the interface residues of ColA or TolA revealed that the effect on the interaction was cumulative; single mutations of either partner had no effect on ColA activity, whereas mutations of three or more residues significantly reduced ColA activity. Mutagenesis of the aromatic ring component of the cation-π interacting residues showed Tyr-58 of ColA to be essential for the stability of complex formation. TA(53-107) binds on the opposite side of TolAIII to that used by g3p, ColN, or TolB, illustrating the flexible nature of TolA as a periplasmic hub protein.
Evanescent imaging ellipsometry based microarray readers (2004)

Microarrays are being widely used in genomic, proteomic, and diagnostic applications. The binding events to the microarrays are measured with fluorescent labels. Fluorescent microarray readers offer high sensitivity and normalization of the reference and test samples. The use of labels increases the number of steps involved in array testing, concerns about storage labels, and cost of additional labeling steps. This paper describes an alternative approach that does not require the use of fluorescent or other labels. The binding events on the microarray introduce changes in polarization of the illuminated light which is measured to determine the concentrations of biomolecules bound to the microarray. Oligonucleotide microarrays were synthesized and tested on the imaging microarray reader. The refractive index changes of 0.006 and changes in thickness of 1 nm are demonstrated at a spatial resolution of 20 μm over a field of view of 1 cm<sup>2</sup>. This ellipsometric technique offers an attractive alternative to fluorescence-based measurement and could be very valuable in some of the genomic, proteomic, diagnostic, and sensing applications.
Solubilization of active receptors for glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide from rat lung membranes (1993)

We report on a protocol that allows the solubilization of active glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1-(7-36)amide receptors from rat lung membranes. Digitonin-solubilized GLP-1(7-36)amide binding proteins from lung membranes most effectively, whereas (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)- dimethylamino]-1-propane-sulfonate was less affective, and octyl-beta-glucoside, Triton X-100 and Lubrol PX were almost ineffective. Solubilization of binding activity was optimal at a digitonin concentration of 1%, a protein-to-detergent ratio of 1:10, and a pH between 7.0 and 8.0. Binding of GLP-1(7-36)amide to solubilized receptors was dependent on the concentration of solubilized protein. The presence of certain mono- and divalent cations was crucial for binding of GLP-1(7-36)amide to solubilized receptors. Scatchard analysis of the binding data revealed a single class of binding sites with dissociation and maximum binding constant values of 0.40 +/- 0.20 nM and 80.0 +/- 26.0 fmol/mg protein for membrane bound and 7.0 +/- 0.6 microM and 12.0 +/- 6.0 nmol/mg protein for solubilized receptors, respectively. In cross-linking experiments 125I-labeled GLP-1(7-36)amide was covalently attached to GLP-1(7-36)amide receptors on lung membranes. The apparent molecular mass of the solubilized receptor was 55,000 Da. This was proven in another experiment when receptor was consecutively cross-linked after solubilization. Nonhydrolyzable GTP analogues (GTP gamma S or GDP beta S) were unable to reduce GLP-1(7-36)amide-binding at solubilized receptors. This argues that the receptor is solubilized as a single protein and not as a receptor-G protein complex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Full‐Spectrum Photonic Pigments with Non‐iridescent Structural Colors through Colloidal Assembly (2014)

Structurally colored materials could potentially replace dyes and pigments in many applications, but it is challenging to fabricate structural colors that mimic the appearance of absorbing pigments. We demonstrate the microfluidic fabrication of "photonic pigments" consisting of microcapsules containing dense amorphous packings of core-shell colloidal particles. These microcapsules show non-iridescent structural colors that are independent of viewing angle, a critical requirement for applications such as displays or coatings. We show that the design of the microcapsules facilitates the suppression of incoherent and multiple scattering, enabling the fabrication of photonic pigments with colors spanning the visible spectrum. Our findings should provide new insights into the design and synthesis of materials with structural colors.
Surface-assisted coordination chemistry and self-assembly (2006)

This article discusses different approaches to build up supramolecular nanoarchitectures on surfaces, which were simultaneously investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) on the single-molecule level. Following this general road map, first, the hydrogen-bonding guided self-assembly of two different, structural-equivalent molecular building blocks, azobenzene dicarboxylic acid and stilbene dicarboxylic acid, was studied. Secondly, the coordination chemistry of the same building blocks, now acting as ligands in metal coordination reactions, towards co-sublimed Fe atoms was studied under near surface-conditions. Extended two-dimensional tetragonal network formation with unusual Fe2L(4/2)-dimers at the crossing points was observed on copper surfaces. Complementary to the first two experiments, a two-step approach based on the solution-based self-assembly of square-like tetranuclear complexes of the M4L4-type with subsequent deposition on graphite surfaces was investigated. One- and two-dimensional arrangements as well as single molecules of the M4L4-complexes could be observed. Moreover, the local electronic properties of a single M4L4-complexes could be probed with submolecular resolution by means of scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS).
SUPPRESSION OF PRIMARY TUMOR GROWTH AND THE PROGRESSION TO METASTASIS WITH p53 ADENOVIRUS IN HUMAN PROSTATE CANCER (2000)

These experiments demonstrate that a single injection of rAd-p53 into an established orthotopic prostate tumor results not only in suppression of primary tumor growth, but also in a reduction of the frequency of progression to metastatic disease. These results suggest that a rAd-p53 gene therapy strategy may be useful in the treatment of human prostate cancer.
Angiotensin-(1–7) reduces the perfusion pressure response to angiotensin II and methoxamine via an endothelial nitric oxide-mediated pathway in cirrhotic rat liver (2012)

Recent studies have shown that, in cirrhosis, portal angiotensin-(1–7) [Ang-(1–7)] levels are increased and hepatic expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the Mas receptor are upregulated, but the effects of Ang-(1–7) on hepatic hemodynamics in cirrhosis have not been studied. This study investigated the effects of Ang-(1–7) on vasoconstrictor-induced perfusion pressure increases in cirrhotic rat livers. Ang II or the alpha 1 agonist methoxamine (MTX) were injected in the presence or absence of Ang-(1–7), and the perfusion pressure response was recorded. Denudation of vascular endothelial cells with sodium deoxycholate was used to investigate the contribution of endothelium to the effects of Ang-(1–7). Ang-(1–7) alone had no effect on perfusion pressure. However, it reduced the maximal vasoconstriction response and area under the pressure response curve to Ang II and MTX by >50% ( P < 0.05). This effect of Ang-(1–7) was not blocked by Mas receptor inhibition with A779 or by Ang II type 1 and type 2 receptor and bradykinin B 2 receptor blockade and was not reproduced by the Mas receptor agonist AVE0991. D-Pro 7 -Ang-(1–7), a novel Ang-(1–7) receptor antagonist, completely abolished the vasodilatory effects of Ang-(1–7), as did inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) with N G -nitro-l -arginine methyl-ester, guanylate cyclase blockade with ODQ and endothelium denudation. The functional inhibition by D-Pro 7 -Ang-(1–7) was accompanied by significant ( P < 0.05) inhibition of eNOS phosphorylation. This study shows that Ang-(1–7) significantly inhibits intrahepatic vasoconstriction in response to key mediators of increased vascular and sinusoidal tone in cirrhosis via a receptor population present on the vascular endothelium that is sensitive to D-Pro 7 -Ang-(1–7) and causes activation of eNOS and guanylate cyclase-dependent NO signaling pathways.
Reaktionen mit Cyanamiden, I Umsetzungen von Dialkylcyanamiden mit Säurechloriden; Synthese von Dialkyl‐[trichlor‐dialkylamino‐diazapentadienyliden]‐ammoniumchloriden (1966)

Abstract Dialkylcyanamide addieren leicht Säurechloride. Im Fall der Addition von Phosgen werden die intermediär entstandenen Verbindungen sofort weiter zu den reaktionsfähigen Dialkyl‐[trichlor‐dialkylamino‐diaza‐pentadienyliden]‐ammoniumchloriden ( 9 ) chloriert.
Disruption of Cell Shape by Serum Withdrawal is Associated With Rapid Downregulation of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and β‐Tubulin (2010)

Serum deprivation is used as a method for studying the effects of various drugs and growth factors on the cell signaling cascades and gene expression in cultured cells. While studying the effects of growth factors on TRPV1 levels in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells stably expressing this receptor, we observed a dramatic disruption of cell shape within 3 h of serum withdrawal. The change in cell shape was time‐dependent, was not associated with apoptosis and was fully restored by serum. No change in cell shape to serum withdrawal was observed in normal untransfected HEK cells. The change in cell shape was partly attenuated by ruthenium red, a nonselective inhibitor of TRPV1, but was unaltered by capsaicin, an agonist of this channel, or by knockdown of TRPV1. Interestingly, serum withdrawal was associated with a rapid loss in the expression of TRPV1 and β‐tubulin and decreased activity of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AKT‐1. The decreases in TRPV1 levels were mimicked by inhibition of p38 MAPK but not by AKT‐1, while the decrease in β‐tubulin was dependent on both p‐38 MAPK and AKT‐1. Based on these data, we conclude: 1) the regulation of the levels of TRPV1 and β‐tubulin by serum is essential for cell shape and 2) p38 MAPK and/or AKT‐1 pathways mediate the expression of TRPV1 and β‐tubulin in response to serum. This research was supported by a Central Research Committee grant from SIU School of Medicine.
Seven Pioneers of Psychology (2005)

1. Tinbergen and Lorenz IProfessor R.A. Hinde University of Cambridge 2. Skinner Professor D.E. Blackman University of Wales 3. Piaget Professor P.E. Bryant University of Oxford 4. Freud Dr A. Storr University of Oxford 5. James Professor J.L. Singer Yale University 6. Galton Professor D.W. Forrest Trinity College Dublin
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Characterization of human Smg5/7a: a protein with similarities to Caenorhabditis elegans SMG5 and SMG7 that functions in the dephosphorylation of Upf1. (2003)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Characterization of human Smg5/7a: a protein with similarities to Caenorhabditis elegans SMG5 and SMG7 that functions in the dephosphorylation of Upf1.
CD154 Blockade Results in Transient Reduction in Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus-Induced Demyelinating Disease (2003)

Transient CD154 blockade at the onset of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced demyelinating disease ameliorated disease progression for 80 days, reduced immune cell infiltration, and transiently increased viral loads in the central nervous system. Peripheral antiviral and autoimmune T-cell responses were normal, and disease severity returned to control levels by day 120.
A letter to Sylos Labini (2014)

The letter, dated 14 September 1956, starts a decade long correspondence between Franco Modigliani and Paolo Sylos Labini. Here Modigliani discusses at length a first draft of Sylos Labini’s book on oligopoly theory. Differently from Modigliani’s well known 1958 review of the book, Modigliani focuses here not mainly on the structure of oligopoly industries, but especially on the macroeconomic implications of Sylos Labini’s model. The letter is reproduced with Sylos Labini’s annotated comments on Modigliani’s remarks. Keywords: Macroeconomic theory, Oligopoly, Neoclassical synthesis, Modigliani, Sylos Labini JEL codes: B31, D43, E13
Altered emotional behavioral responses in mice lacking brain‐type fatty acid‐binding protein gene (2006)

Brain-type fatty acid-binding protein (B-FABP) belongs to a family of intracellular lipid-binding proteins. B-FABP exhibits a binding affinity to long-chain fatty acids (FAs) whose effects on brain functions including development, emotion, learning and memory have been proposed. B-FABP is localized in the ventricular germinal cells in embryonic brain and astrocytes in developing and mature brain of rodents. In the present study we generated the mouse harboring a null mutation in the B-FABP gene and studied its phenotype. B-FABP mutant mice exhibited the enhanced anxiety and increased fear memory as well as the decreased content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in their brain during the neonatal period without detection of any histological changes in the brain. In the adult brain, B-FABP was localized more numerously to the astrocytes in the amygdala and septal area than to those in the hippocampal area. Analysis of FA content in the amygdala of adult brain revealed that arachidonic and palmitic acids increased significantly in the mutant mice compared with wild-type. Furthermore, the response of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-mediated current to DHA in isolated neurons from B-FABP mutant brain was significantly decreased compared with that of wild-type, while no significant differences were detected in behavioral responses related to the spatial learning/memory or in the hippocampal long-term potentiation. These data indicate that B-FABP is crucially involved in the fear memory and anxiety through its binding with FAs and/or its own direct effects on pertinent metabolism/signaling of FAs.
Unexpected Formation of the Arcyriacyanin System by Condensation of a 3-Bromo-4-(indol-3-yl)maleimide with (2-Nitrophenyl)acetates (2004)

The reaction of an N -protected 3-bromo-4-(indol-3-yl)maleimide with methyl (2-nitrophenyl)acetates in the presence of base affords condensed cycloheptatriene derivatives which can be transformed into arcyriacyanin-type alkaloids. The unusual reaction sequence implies a heptatrienyl–cycloheptadienyl anion rearrangement followed by a 1,5-sigmatropic shift to yield the thermodynamically more stable cycloheptatriene derivative.
Constraints on Negative Relationships (2004)

Abstract One problem in inferring process from pattern is that offsetting and indirect effects, nonlinearities, and other difficulties in complex systems may prevent a clear pattern from being generated even though the hypothesized process is operating. One such complication is the constraint on the magnitudes of correlations and covariances when some of the relationships are negative. The positive semidefinite (PSD) condition requires that each of the eigenvalues and each of the principal minors of a correlation matrix be nonnegative, thereby placing limits on the possible values of the correlation coefficient. Using simple ecological examples, this chapter illustrates how processes that can generate strongly negative correlations in a simple two-variable system can be constrained from generating such clear patterns when there are multiple variables. The PSD condition is more than a statistical curiosity; it reflects real constraints on the magnitudes and patterns of interactions in ecological networks and other complex systems.