gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency dependence of vestibuloocular reflex thresholds (2011)

How the brain processes signals in the presence of noise impacts much of behavioral neuroscience. Thresholds provide one way to assay noise. While perceptual thresholds have been widely investigated, vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) thresholds have seldom been studied and VOR threshold dynamics have never, to our knowledge, been reported. Therefore, we assessed VOR thresholds as a function of frequency. Specifically, we measured horizontal VOR thresholds evoked by yaw rotation in rhesus monkeys, using standard signal detection approaches like those used in earlier human vestibular perceptual threshold studies. We measured VOR thresholds ranging between 0.21 and 0.76°/s; the VOR thresholds increased slightly with frequency across the measured frequency range (0.2-3 Hz). These results do not mimic the frequency response of human perceptual thresholds that have been shown to increase substantially as frequency decreases below 0.5 Hz. These reported VOR threshold findings could indicate a qualitative difference between vestibular responses of humans and nonhuman primates, but a more likely explanation is an additional dynamic neural mechanism that does not influence the VOR but, rather, influences perceptual thresholds via a decision-making process included in direction recognition tasks.
High Resolution Microanalysis of Particles from the Human Lung (1999)

Abstract Every time we take a breath, we are inhaling the results of twentieth century combustion technology. Combustion processes generally produce a multitude of soot and other sub micron sized particulates. The human lungs, via the process of cilia movement expel most of these particles; others are broken down with the aid of macrophage agents. These macrophages absorb particles and incorporate the constitute elements into our bodies. These elements maybe expelled, or they may remain in the body and accumulate over time, as is the case with certain heavy metals. Limited prior research on ‘single-particle’ interaction with lung or bronchial tissue has been conducted. Related research has focused on the statistical significance of soot inhalation on the lung tissue of rodents and primates [1]. Using the methods of single particle examination, founded by previous research into single particle source allocation [2], the examination particles of from human lung and bronchial tissues was performed. Research on the particle characterization shown here is based on the application of an innovative method developed at MIT, which utilized high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX).
Fabrication of Step-edge-decorated Graphite Electrodes with Platinum and Their Electrocatalytic Activities (2013)

Abstract Step-edge-decorated graphite electrodes with Pt nanoparticles were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and the impacts of the morphological change of Pt nanoparticles on the electrocatalytic activities were investigated. Primary Pt particles (about 5 nm in diameter) were formed by PLD and were aggregated along the step-edge lines of highly oriented pyrolytic graphites (HOPGs). An increase in the temperature of the HOPG substrate leaded to the diffusion of Pt particles along the step-edge lines of HOPG and resulted in the agglomeration of Pt particles (100–150 nm in diameter). As for methanol oxidation, it is found that the agglomerated Pt particles exhibited higher catalytic activities than small Pt nanoparticles on HOPGs.
Videoshop: A New Framework for Spatio-Temporal Video Editing in Gradient Domain (2005)

Our goal is to develop tools that go beyond frame-constrained manipulation such as resizing, color correction, and simple transitions, and provide object-level operations within frames. Some of our targeted video editing tasks includes transferring a motion picture to a new still picture, importing a moving object into a new background, and compositing two video sequences. The challenges behind this kind of complex video editing tasks lie in two constraints: 1) Spatial consistency: imported objects should blend with the background seamlessly. Hence pixel replacement, which creates noticeable seams, is problematic. 2) Temporal coherency: successive frames should display smooth transitions. Hence frame-by-frame editing, which results in visual flicker, is inappropriate. Our work is aimed at providing an easy-to-use video editing tool that maximally satisfies the spatial and temporal constraints mentioned above and requires minimum user interaction. We propose a new framework for video editing in gradient domain. The spatio-temporal gradient fields of target videos are modified and/or mixed to generate a new gradient field which is usually not integrable. We propose a 3D video integration algorithm, which uses the variational method, to find the potential function whose gradient field is closest to the mixed gradient field in the sense of least squares. The video is reconstructed by solving a 3D Poisson equation. We derive an extension of current 2D gradient technique to 3D space, yielding in a novel video editing framework, which is very different from all current video editing software.
Electrical Conduction in Insulator Particle—Solid-State Ionic and Conducting Particle-Insulator Matrix Composites A Unified Theory (2000)

A unified model is introduced for the first time for electrical conduction in both the insulator particle‐solid‐state ionic and conducting particle‐insulator matrix composites. In the model, the basic formulation of effective medium approximation is reconsidered by replacing the site conductivities with the contact conductivities as well as the probability of site occupation with the probability of contact development. The model predictions are in agreement with the available experimental data. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
The content and access dynamics of a busy Web server (poster session) (2000)

We study the MSNBC Web site, one of the busiest in the Internet today. We analyze the dynamics of content creation and modification as well as client accesses. Our key findings are (a) files tend to change little upon modification, (b) a small set of files get modified repeatedly, (c) file popularity follows a Zipf-like distribution with an α much larger than reported in previous, proxy-based studies, and (d) there is significant temporal stability in file popularity but not much stability in the domains from which popular content is accessed. We discuss implications of these findings.
Cloning and structure of group C1 O antigen (rfb gene cluster) from Salmonella enterica serovar montevideo (1992)

The Salmonella enterica group C1 O antigen structure has a Man-Man-Man-Man-GlcNAc backbone with a glucose branch, which differs from the S. enterica group B O antigen structure which has a Man-Rha-Gal backbone with abequose as side-chain. We have cloned the group C1 rfb (O antigen) gene cluster from serovar montevideo strain M40, using a low-copy-number cosmid vector. The restriction map of the group C1 (M40) rfb gene cluster was compared with that of group B strain LT2 by Southern hybridization and restriction enzyme analysis. The results indicate that the flanking genes are very similar in the two strains, but there is no detectable similarity in the rfb regions. We localized the mannose pathway genes rfbM and rfbK and one of the genes, rfbK, shows considerably similarity to cpsG of strain LT2, suggesting that part of the mannose pathway in the group C1 rfb cluster is derived from a gene of the M antigen (cps) cluster. The M antigen, which forms a capsule, is comprised of four sugars, including fucose. The biosynthetic pathway of GDP-fucose has steps in common with the GDP-mannose pathway, and the cps cluster has isogenes of rfbK and rfbM, presumably as part of a fucose pathway. We discuss the structure and possible evolution of the group C1 rfb gene cluster.
Self-organised coherent beam combination of self-adaptive solid-state lasers (2009)

The development of high average power lasers is an area of major research and commercial effort. Moving to high average powers has been thwarted by thermal induced refractive index changes which limit the maximum attainable power at high beam quality. Coherent beam combination (CBC) has been an area of significant research effort as it offers the ability to run multiple low power, high quality, lasers which are then combined to produce one high quality, high brightness source. We demonstrate for the first time a novel system which employs both phase conjugation and self-organisation in order to coherently combine two self starting adaptive laser oscillators with high combination efficiencies. The advantage is that combination is performed passively without the requirement for active adjustment of phase shifting elements with computer control algorithms.
Atol : une ontologie dédiée aux traits des animaux d'élevage, un exemple sur le thème de la croissance et de la qualité de la viande (2012)

Recent technological advances in biology allow the collection of large sets of data which permit a precise description of the phenotypes. To process those data, computers require a standardized language to which the users (zootechnician, geneticists, physiologists, biochemists, ethologists, producers…) will be able to refer. The construction of this language is based on ontologies. INRA in collaboration with USDA in the USA have set up a program called ATOL (for “Animal Trait Ontology for Livestock”) aiming to define and organize the phenotypical characters of livestock species. Integrating societal concerns, the objective is to describe the traits underlying livestock production efficiency: welfare and adaptation, nutrition and feed efficiency, fertility and reproductive efficiency, mammary gland and milk production, growth and meat production. At present, 229 traits concern growth and meat production, of 6 major species (cattle, pig, chicken, trout, rabbit, sheep) with a good genericity.
Assessment of nerve regeneration and adaptation after median nerve reconnection and digital neurovascular flap transfer (1988)

Six patients with median nerve severance (five sutured) were studied after an interval of 1.8 to 35 years to assess residual neurologic deficit, misdirected axonal regrowth, and adaptation to faulty reinnervation. Mild motor impairment was confirmed by the smaller thenar muscle action potentials and isometric muscle twitches from supramaximal stimulation of the median nerve. Sensory impairment was supported by the increased thresholds of vibratory (p = 0.003) and touch-pressure (p = 0.004) detection thresholds of the pulp of index fingers and decreased amplitudes of sensory nerve action potentials. A tactile hemidigit localization test revealed that localization was not significantly different from that on the contralateral side but perceptual territory was increased. This increase is best explained by misdirected axon regrowth without CNS adaptation. Long-standing faculty tactile digit localization in neurovascular skin flaps from finger to thumb also was demonstrated--further evidence that CNS adaptation is imperfect when sensory nerves to digits are relocated.
Differential temporal activation of oxy- and deoxy-hemodynamic signals in optical imaging using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) (2015)

Background Optical imaging of the brain based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can provide real-time measurements of the hemodynamic signals that represent metabolic demands of the underlying neural tissues. Functional imaging based on NIRS (fNIRS) can detect both oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) and deoxy-hemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) levels related to neural metabolic activity, whereas BOLD fMRI (blood-oxygen-level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging) can only detect signals related to deoxy-Hb. Thus, during task execution, only fNIRS can determine the differential temporal activation/deactivation of oxy-Hb and deoxy-Hb hemodynamic signals as the blood-oxygen demand changes. We have previously shown that as metabolic demand increases, temporal changes in oxy-Hb and deoxy-Hb levels can be temporally decoupled (i.e., oxy-Hb level can decrease while deoxy-Hb level increases) rather than being coupled, in which case both would increase or decrease simultaneously [1-5]. In order to account for the observed differential temporal decoupling of oxy-Hb and deoxy-Hb levels, we hypothesize that as oxygen demand increases, the delivery of blood oxygen cannot keep up with the demand of the neural tissues, resulting in decreased oxy-Hb and increased deoxy-Hb levels. This study provides experimental evidence that validates the above hypothesis.
Corrigendum: Relationship between wingbeat frequency and resonant frequency of the wing in insects (2013 <i>Bioinspir. Biomim.</i> <b>8</b> 046008) (2015)

In this study, we experimentally studied the relationship between wingbeat frequency and resonant frequency of 30 individuals of eight insect species from five orders: Odonata (Sympetrum flaveolum), Lepidoptera (Pieris rapae, Plusia gamma and Ochlodes), Hymenoptera (Xylocopa pubescens and Bombus rupestric), Hemiptera (Tibicen linnei) and Coleoptera (Allomyrina dichotoma). The wingbeat frequency of free-flying insects was measured using a high-speed camera while the natural frequency was determined using a laser displacement sensor along with a Bruel and Kjaer fast Fourier transform analyzer based on the base excitation method. The results showed that the wingbeat frequency was related to body mass (m) and forewing area (Af), following the proportionality f ~ m1/2/Af, while the natural frequency was significantly correlated with area density (f0 ~ mw/Af, mw is the wing mass). In addition, from the comparison of wingbeat frequency to natural frequency, the ratio between wingbeat frequency and natural frequency was found to be, in general, between 0.13 and 0.67 for the insects flapping at a lower wingbeat frequency (less than 100 Hz) and higher than 1.22 for the insects flapping at a higher wingbeat frequency (higher than 100 Hz). These results suggest that wingbeat frequency does not have a strong relation with resonance frequency: in other words, insects have not been evolved sufficiently to flap at their wings' structural resonant frequency. This contradicts the general conclusion of other reports-–that insects flap at their wings' resonant frequency to take advantage of passive deformation to save energy.
ChemInform Abstract: A Efficient Preparation of Ditopic Receptors Based on Polyaza[n]paracyclophanes. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On-line parameter estimation using a high sensitivity estimator (1978)

An on-line parameter identification method is presented. The method is based on a recursive formulation of the maximum likelihood method, with a significant modification on the gains of the state estimator. In the conventional maximum likelihood method, the Kalman gains are used in the state estimator. This produces unbiased, minimum variance parameter estimates in the presence of process noise and measurement noise, but it also slows the convergence rate when the identification is done on-line. Here we suggest choosing the gains to maximize a measure of the sensitivities of the state estimates to parameter variations. One such criterion is to minimize the trace of the inverse information matrix. This increases the convergence rate significantly. After one or two time constants, the gains are switched to the Kalman values to assure unbiased, minimum-variance estimates. The state estimate will initially be nonoptimal, and may not be adequate for control purposes. In this case, a parallel Kalman filter which uses the identifier's parameter estimates can be used. This method is applied here for the identification of a simple first-order system, and for the identification of short-period stability derivatives of an F-8 aircraft from simulated data.
Biodegradable, Tissue Adhesive Polyester Blends for Safe, Complete Wound Healing (2021)

Pressure-sensitive adhesives typically used for bandages are nonbiodegradable, inhibiting healing, and may cause an allergic reaction. Here, we investigated the effect of biodegradable copolymers with promising thermomechanical properties on wound healing for their eventual use as biodegradable, biocompatible adhesives. Blends of low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) poly(lactide-<i>co</i>-caprolactone) (PLCL) are investigated as tissue adhesives in comparison to a clinical control. Wounds treated with PLCL blend adhesives heal completely with similar vascularization, scarring, and inflammation indicators, yet require fewer dressing changes due to integration of the PLCL adhesive into the wound. A blend of LMW and HMW PLCL produces an adhesive material with significantly higher adhesive strength than either neat polymer. Wound adhesion is comparable to a polyurethane bandage, utilizing conventional nonbiodegradable adhesives designed for extremely strong adhesion.
Precision Drift Chambers for the Atlas Muon Spectrometer (2003)

ATLAS is a detector under construction to explore the physics at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. It has a muon spectrometer with an excellent momentum resolution of 3-10%, provided by three layers of precision monitored-drift-tube chambers in a toroidal magnetic field. A single drift tube measures a track point with a mean resolution close to 100 micron, even at the expected high neutron and gamma background rates. The tubes are positioned within the chamber with an accuracy of 20 microns, achieved by elaborate construction and assembly monitoring procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of Allylidenetriphenylphosphoranes with α‐Halocarbonyl Compounds: A Convenient Synthesis of Cyclopentadienes. (1990)

Abstract Reaction of the ethoxycarbonylallyltriphenylphosphonium bromides (I) with the α‐bromo carbonyl compounds (II) in a heterogeneous medium results in cyclization to produce the ethoxycarbonylcyclopentadienes (III).
Inhibition of Restriction Enzyme's DNA Sequence Recognition by PUVA Treatment†¶ (2001)

Applying various restriction enzymes on a specially designed 1.5 kb DNA fragment revealed that the inhibitory effects of psoralens + UVA irradiation (PUVA) treatment on restriction endonuclease activities are caused by recognition inhibition. In this study restriction enzymes that have a 5'-TpA sequence at the cleaving site (KpnI, XbaI, PmeI and DraI), and the noncleaving site (PacI) in recognition sites, or have two 5'-TpA sequences at the recognition site, and a nonspecific sequence between the recognition and the cleaving sites (BciVI), were inhibited by PUVA treatment. Most of the other restriction enzymes used in this study, which do not have a 5'-TpA sequence at their restriction site, were not inhibited by PUVA treatment, although a 5'-TpA sequence is located adjacent (SmaI) or very close (BamHI, SacI and PstI) to the recognition and cleaving sites for these enzymes. Because SphI, which does not have 5'-TpA at its restriction site, was strongly inhibited by PUVA treatment, the 5'-CpA sequence is suggested to be a new binding site of psoralens after UVA irradiation.
Characterization and processing of inter-crystal scatter in a dual layer, high resolution LSO-APD-PET (2005)

Improving sensitivity without jeopardizing resolution is one of the main problems of small animal PET scanners. Pursuing this goal, a future LSO-APD-PET prototype will combine highly granulated detector modules with a dual layer structure. The individual readout of the LSO crystals allows to separately handle multiple signals related to those photons scattering between different crystals (inter-crystal scatter, ICS). The contribution of ICS-events can be decisive to increase the sensitivity. However, such coincidences are not characterized by a unique LOR. In order to prevent potential resolution degradation, it would be. desirable to identify the primary path of the ICS events. Since ICS is geometry dependent, this work was aimed at investigating the effects of ICS in the performance of the dual layer prototype. Different schemes to select the primary crystal were implemented and developed, with special emphasis on the properties of Compton scatter. The recovery algorithms were applied to Monte Carlo simulated data. For a centered point source, the sensitivity could be increased in 35% by including ICS-events and using a lower threshold of 100 keV. For a threshold of 200 keV, the contribution of ICS-coincidences still represented /spl ap/20% of the total sensitivity, giving rise to an improvement from /spl ap/1.7% without ICS events to almost 3%. The mispositioning introduced by processing ICS coincidences only led to a moderate broadening of the axial LSF, especially visible at the tails of the profile (FWTM). In the transaxial plane, a slight worsening of the resolution was also noticeable at the FWTM. The degradation effects could be reduced by employing a new identification scheme based on the maximum signal and the Compton kinematics.
Pigmented epithelial tumours of the conjunctiva. (1992)

Two out of 60 conjunctival epithelial tumours reviewed between 1973 and 1989 were found to be pigmented. One tumour was a pigmented papilloma and the other a pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. The melanin pigment was found in epithelial tumour cells as well as in macrophages, dendritic melanocytes, and Langerhans cells. The distinction between the latter two types of cells was possible in one of the tumours only. Both tumours were found in dark-skinned white patients without any evidence of conjunctival acquired melanosis.
Catalytic salt effect in base-initiated aryne reactions conducted in dimethylamine (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic salt effect in base-initiated aryne reactions conducted in dimethylamineEdward R. Biehl, Kuang Chi Hsu, and Edward NiehCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 7, 2454–2455Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00832a094https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00832a094research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts