gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing the cost of LAN ownership (1995)

This guide to the business issues of running a local area network contains hints and tips that a LAN administrator or IT manager can use to make his or her job easier. It covers issues such as: the cost of LAN support; how to convince management to provide help; how to support LAN users; how to hire and train LAN administrators; how to build a LAN support organization; how to get credit for your work; and making yourself invaluable to your corporation. It also deals with LAN management issues, including: how to set up a LAN help desk; how to develop troubleshooting checklists; how to handle software control issues; how to develop an effective anti-virus policy; how to handle software distribution; and how to develop a disaster recovery plan.
Light scattering properties of marine particles in coastal and open ocean waters asrelated to the particle mass concentration (2003)

Variations in the spectral scattering coefficient of marine particles [ b p (λ)] were measured at 241 locations in oceanic (case 1) and coastal (case 2) waters around Europe. The scattering coefficient at 555 nm normalized to the dry mass of particles [ b m p (555)] was, on average, 1.0 and 0.5 m 2 g ‐1 in case 1 and case 2 waters, respectively. Spectral variations in b p (λ) were, on average, small in all investigated waters. To understand the observed variations in particle scattering, we performed calculations based on the Mie theory with various values for the slope for the Junge‐type size distribution, refractive index, and apparent density of particles (dry weight/wet volume). The latter two were varied according to the type of particles (organic versus mineral) and, for organic ones, as a function of the water content. The higher b m p (555) values in case 1 waters are mainly due to the low apparent density, which results from the organic nature of particles and their elevated water content. In all investigated coastal regions, except for the Baltic Sea, the low b m p (555) values can be explained by the dominant presence of mineral particles, characterized by a high density that counterbalances the effect of a higher refractive index. In the Baltic Sea, b m p (555) was similar to values found in other coastal waters despite the fact that particles were dominantly organic, which may result from higher absorption relative to scattering. A smaller than expected increase of b p (λ) toward short wavelengths is attributed to significant absorption that increases toward the shorter wavelengths and reduces scattering, whether particles are living, detrital, or mineral. Our analyses suggest that the determination of b m p may be significantly sensitive to the porosity of the filter used to assess the dry mass of particles.
Scalable video coding and packet scheduling for multiuser video transmission over wireless networks (2009)

Wireless video transmission is prone to potentially low data rates and unpredictable degradations due to timevarying channel conditions. Such degradations are difficult to overcome using conventional video coding techniques. Scalable video coding offers a flexible bitstream that can be dynamically adapted to fit the prevailing channel conditions. Advances in scalable video compression techniques, such as the newly adopted scalable extension of H.264/AVC, as well as recent advances in wireless access technologies offer possibilities for tackling this challenge. In this paper, a content-aware scheduling and resource allocation scheme is proposed, that uses a gradient-based scheduling framework in conjunction with scalable video coding techniques to provide multiple high quality video streams over a range of operating conditions to multiple users. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme performs better than conventional content-independent scheduling techniques.
Low-temperature charge-density-wave dynamics and switching in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">NbSe</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1993)

We have studied charge-density-wave (CDW) transport in ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{3}$ at temperatures below 45 K. Between the threshold electric field ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{T}}$ and a second characteristic field ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{T}}^{\mathrm{*}}$, the CDW conductivity varies as ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathrm{CDW}}$\ensuremath{\propto}exp(-\ensuremath{\Delta}/${\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{B}}$T), with an activation energy \ensuremath{\Delta} comparable to the CDW gap. Above ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{T}}^{\mathrm{*}}$, the CDW conductivity increases, in many crystals via an abrupt ``switch,'' to a much larger, only weakly temperature-dependent value. Contrary to previous suggestions, we find that ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{T}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ is determined by bulk CDW pinning and dynamics, not by isolated defects. We show that this behavior has strong analogs in the semiconducting CDW materials, and compare it with predictions based upon a model of CDW--normal-carrier interactions proposed by Littlewood.
HRXRD analysis of SiGeC layers for BiCMOS applications (2004)

The use of HRXRD for the monitoring of the dopant activation anneal through the detection of carbon outdiffusion has been demonstrated. The advantages of HRXRD over other measurement techniques for ...
IFLA Centre for Arabic Speaking Libraries: An Update (2012)

The IFLA Centre for Arabic Speaking Libraries (IFLA-CASL) was set up in 2007. This article provides an update to a paper published in Alexandria in 2009. Since that time, IFLA-CASL has continued its work translating documentation about the IFLA conference into Arabic. The Centre maintains a presence at events in the Arab region and works closely with the Arab Federation of Library Associations and Institutions. In 2011, it cooperated with IFLA HQ to create a workshop to train trainers to deliver IFLA's Building Strong Library Associations programme in Arabic. IFLA-CASL is working with IFLA and UNESCO to monitor loss of cultural artefacts and collections during the Arab Spring. The article includes information about meetings in the Arab region and major ongoing projects.
Preparation, characterization, and properties of polyacrylonitrile–silica gel anion exchange composite fibers (2013)

Abstract This article reports the preparation of new anion exchange composite fibers (AECFs). These AECFs were prepared by simple stirring of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and silica gel in different stoichiometric ratios. The physicochemical characterization of the prepared AECFs was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, differential thermal analysis, and differential thermal gravimetry), and elemental analysis (CHNS/O). Ion‐exchange behavior was also observed. The results indicate that addition of silica gel affects the structure and properties of the composite fibers. The addition of silica gel also changes the thermal stability of PAN–silica gel AECFs. The ion‐exchange capacity of the resulting AECFs was found to be 1.98 mequiv/g. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous diethanolamine solutions at elevated temperatures and pressures (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous diethanolamine solutions at elevated temperatures and pressuresMalcolm L. Kennard and Axel MeisenCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1984, 29, 3, 309–312Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00037a025https://doi.org/10.1021/je00037a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views624Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
B Cells Are Not Essential for <i>Lactobacillus</i>-Mediated Protection against Lethal Pneumovirus Infection (2014)

We have shown previously that priming of respiratory mucosa with live Lactobacillus species promotes robust and prolonged survival from an otherwise lethal infection with pneumonia virus of mice, a property known as heterologous immunity. Lactobacillus priming results in a moderate reduction in virus recovery and a dramatic reduction in virus-induced proinflammatory cytokine production; the precise mechanisms underlying these findings remain to be elucidated. Because B cells have been shown to promote heterologous immunity against respiratory virus pathogens under similar conditions, in this study we explore the role of B cells in Lactobacillus-mediated protection against acute pneumovirus infection. We found that Lactobacillus-primed mice feature elevated levels of airway Igs IgG, IgA, and IgM and lung tissues with dense, B cell (B220(+))-enriched peribronchial and perivascular infiltrates with germinal centers consistent with descriptions of BALT. No B cells were detected in lung tissue of Lactobacillus-primed B cell deficient μMT mice or Jh mice, and Lactobacillus-primed μMT mice had no characteristic infiltrates or airway Igs. Nonetheless, we observed diminished virus recovery and profound suppression of virus-induced proinflammatory cytokines CCL2, IFN-γ, and CXCL10 in both wild-type and Lactobacillus-primed μMT mice. Furthermore, Lactobacillus plantarum-primed, B cell-deficient μMT and Jh mice were fully protected from an otherwise lethal pneumonia virus of mice infection, as were their respective wild-types. We conclude that B cells are dispensable for Lactobacillus-mediated heterologous immunity and were not crucial for promoting survival in response to an otherwise lethal pneumovirus infection.
Transmission of hepatitis B to chimpanzees by hepatitis B surface antigen-positive saliva and semen (1977)

To assess the infectivity of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-containing body fluids other than blood, chimpanzees were inoculated intravenously with saliva and semen obtained from HBsAg-positive individuals implicated in non-percutaneous transmission of hepatitis B. Saliva and semen samples were negative for occult blood. The titer of HBsAg in saliva was on the average only 1/3,000 that of the corresponding serum. One chimpanzee, inoculated sequentially with saliva from three individuals, developed HBsAg at 9 weeks and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase elevation at 13 weeks after injection. HBsAg persisted for 15 weeks. This animal also developed e antigen, anti-core antibody, and anti-surface antibody. Liver biopsies showed acute hepatitis that subsequently resolved. A second chimpanzee, inoculated with HBsAg-positive semen, developed HBsAg and elevated serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase 4 weeks after inoculation and then died suddenly without explanation. HBsAg was positive in two consecutive samples and was confirmed by specific neutralization. Autopsy did not reveal evidence of hepatitis. This study demonstrates that HBsAg-positive saliva and, probably, semen contain infectious virus and suggests that saliva and/or semen may serve as important mechanisms in the transmission of type B hepatitis.
Improving the Dominating-Set Routing over Delay-Tolerant Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks via Estimating Node Intermeeting Times (2010)

With limited coverage of wireless networks and frequent roaming of mobile users, providing a seamless communication service poses a technical challenge. In our previous research, we presented a supernode system architecture that employs the delay-tolerant network (DTN) concept to provide seamless communications for roaming users over interconnected heterogeneous wireless networks. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are considered a key component of the supernode system for services over an area not covered by other wireless networks. Within the super node system, a dominating-set routing technique is proposed to improve message delivery over MANETs and to achieve better resource utilization. The performance of the dominating-set routing technique depends on estimation accuracy of the probability of a future contact between nodes. This paper studies how node mobility can be modeled and used to better estimate the probability of a contact. We derive a distribution for the node-to-node intermeeting time and present numerical results to demonstrate that the distribution can be used to improve the dominating-set routing technique performance. Moreover, we investigate how the distribution can be employed to relax the constraints of selecting the dominating-set members in order to improve the system resource utilization.
Monte Carlo simulations of hypersonic flows past blunt bodies (1990)

This paper reports on the steps taken to develop a gas-kinetic simulation of hypersonic flows past the nose region of re-entry vehicles. For the validation of both the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) and the molecular dynamics (MD) methods, the Oseen vortex decay problem was chosen to emphasize the conservation of angular momentum. Furthermore, an analytical solution of the Navier-Stokes equation exists for this problem. The results obtained with both methods correlate well with the analytical solution. The angular momentum is conserved exactly in the MD method; however, in the DSMC method, the cell sizes must be sufficiently small to conserve approximately the angular momentum because of the statistical assumptions. Both, the twoand threedimensional DSMC-codes have been verified for the hypersonic flow past a circular cylinder and a sphere, respectively. The shock stand-off distance and the pressure distribution along the body surface were compared with experimental results. In both cases, the agreement is very good. As an application to more realistic configurations, the gaskinetic flow past the nose of a typical spacecraft is discussed for different Knudsen numbers.
Sampling and geostatistics for spatial data (2002)

The goals of classical statistical sampling (e.g. estimation of population means using simple random sampling stratified random sampling etc.) geostatistics (e.g. estimation of population means using block kriging) can be identical. For example both can be used to estimate the average value or total amount of a variable of interest in some area. The most fundamental difference between classical sampling geostatistics is that classical sampling relies on design-based inference while geostatistics relies on model-based inference. These differences are illustrated with ex mples. Classical sampling usually considers sampling for finite populations but in the spatial context it is easily adapted to infinite populations. Geostatistics has only considered infinite populations but methods for finite populations have been developed recently. To compare classical sampling to geostatistics for both infinite finite populations I consider the following data sets: 1) a fabricated fixed spatial pattern from an infinite population of a spatially-continuous variable; 2) a single fixed real data set from a finite population on a grid of spatial locations; 3) simulated random patterns from an autocorrelated model from a finite population on a grid of spatial locations. For each data setI select samples randomly. Then I use classical sampling estimators geostatistical estimators of the mean values. Results show that both methods provide unbiased estimates have variances confidence intervals that are valid but in general the geostatistical methods are more efficient having estimates closer to the true values.
Die binären Selen(IV)‐azide Se(N<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>, [Se(N<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>−</sup> und [Se(N<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2−</sup> (2007)

Schwarz, Rot, Gold: Die Reaktion von SeF4 mit Me3SiN3 bei niedrigen Temperaturen führt zur Bildung des ersten binären Selen(IV)-azids Se(N3)4. Die Zersetzung im NMR-Röhrchen zeigt die Farben von grauem Selen, rotem Selen und dem gewünschten gelben Selentetraazid. Die Reaktionen von [SeF5]− und [SeF6]2− mit Me3SiN3 liefern die entsprechenden Polyazidoselenite [Se(N3)5]− und [Se(N3)6]2−. Alle Verbindungen sind extrem temperaturempfindlich. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z702758_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Methotrexate Accumulation and Folate Depletion in Cells as a Possible Mechanism of Chronic Toxicity to the Drug (1981)

Methotrexate has been associated with chronic toxicities such as cirrhosis and neurological impairments ranging from mild learning disorders to a fatal leucoencephalopathy. The mechanism(s) for this toxicity is not completely understood. Certain tissues can convert methotrexate to polyglutamates. This results in a more persistent intracellular form of the drug. In this study the intracellular levels of folate and methotrexate were measured in the erythrocytes and liver of patients treated chronically with methotrexate. These tissues showed an accumulation of methotrexate as polyglutamates and a concomitant loss of folate. Folate concentrations were below normal in nine of 12 red cell and three of five liver samples. It is proposed that persistent methotrexate concentrations and/or the associated folate deficiency may be related to the toxicity of methotrexate, especially in time of cellular stress.
Molecular and Cellular Basis of Human Olfaction (2005)

The human olfactory systems recognize and discriminate a large number of different odorant molecules. The detection of chemically distinct odorants begins with the binding of an odorant ligand to a specific receptor protein in the ciliary membrane of olfactory neurons. To address the problem of olfactory perception at a molecular level, we have cloned, functionally expressed, and characterized some of the human olfactory receptors from chromosome 17. Our results show that a receptor protein is capable of recognizing the particular chemical substructure of an odor molecule and, therefore, is able to respond only to odorants that have a defined molecular structure. These findings represent the beginning of the molecular understanding of odorant recognition in humans. In the future, this knowledge could be used for the design of synthetic ideal receptors for specific odors (biosensors), or the perfect odor molecule for a given receptor.
A built-in self-test circuit with timing margin test function in a 1 Gbit synchronous DRAM (2002)

This paper describes the implementation of a BIST circuit with timing margin test functions to a 200 MHz 1 Gbit synchronous DRAM. 220 ps-resolution timing signals with up to 80 ns cycle time are generated by a phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit and a delayed timing generator. These timing signals are used not only as actual control signals but also as reference signals in an AC timing comparator. The entire BIST circuit, which includes 20/spl times/4 bit LFSRs, occupies only 0.8% of the chip area. A cost evaluation of the BIST shows that the technology is effective for 64 Mbit high-speed DRAMs and beyond.
Utilização de julgamentos psicofísicos para investigação da inteligibilidade de fala no ruído em ouvintes com audição normal e perda auditiva (2004)

A inteligibilidade de fala no ruído foi investigada neste estudo utilizando-se julgamentos psicofísicos em grupos de jovens ouvintes com audição normal, e em jovens e idosos com perda auditiva. Foram utilizadas escalas intervalar e de razão para se estimar a inteligibilidade de sentenças apresentadas ipsilateralmente com ruído "cocktail" em diferentes relações sinal/ruído. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a inteligibilidade das sentenças aumenta conforme aumenta a relação sinal/ruído, nos três grupos. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos quanto a inteligibilidade das sentenças. As escalas psicofísicas foram válidas e confiáveis para mensurar a inteligibilidade de fala. Entretanto, outros estudos são necessários antes de sua utilização na prática clínica.
A Computer Program to Perform Flow and Thermal Analysis During Pressurization of the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Motor Field Joint (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes a computational technique for prediction of the flow and thermal environment in the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Motor field joint cavities. The SRM field joint hardware has been tested with a defect in the insulation. Due to this defect, the O-ring gland cavities are pressurized during the early part of the ignition. A computer model has been developed to predict the flow and thermal environment through the simulated flaw, during the pressurization of the field joint. The transient mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations in the flow passage in conjunction with the thermodynamic equation of state are solved by a fully implicit iterative numerical procedure. Since this is a conjugate flow and heat transfer problem, wall temperatures are calculated by solving the one-dimensional transient heat conduction equation in the solid along with the other governing equations. The pressure and temperature predictions have been compared with the test data.</div>