gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observations of temporal regenerative oscillations in high-Q heterostructured photonic crystal cavities (2012)

Self-induced oscillation is experimentally observed in double-heterostructure photonic crystal cavities with intrinsic quality factor more than 500,000. The results are well-explained by nonlinear coupled mode theory including dynamics of free carriers, temperature and photon population.
Dilute nitride GaPN<sub>x</sub>as potential top cell candidate for Silicon based multijunction solar cells (2020)

This work reports on the growth of dilute nitride GaPN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> lattice-matched to Si as a pathway for Si-based multijunction solar cells. GaPN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> layers were grown using a plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy with varying N concentrations. High resolution X-Ray ray diffraction analysis revealed high structural quality of the grown thin-film layers including the successful integration of GaPN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> with a GaP buffer layer on Si substrate. Low temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy results showed the peak position to be around 1.94eV at 100K for the lattice-matched case. This value is close to the ideal bandgap for independent connection with Si bottom cell in a tandem configuration.
Tabletop EUV Coherent Diffractive Imaging and Small Angle Scattering of Colloidal Crystals (2019)

We demonstrate full-field quantitative ptychographic imaging using tabletop high harmonics to visualize the extended structure of silica close-packed nanosphere multilayers with <20nm spatial resolution, and also extract small-angle EUV Bragg scattering order/disorder correlations.
High Level B-ISDN/ATM Traffic Management in Real Time (1995)

We study real time traffic management in the perspective of a four-level model of traffic variations: cells, bursts, sessions, and links. Our interest is focused on the two latter levels: Using virtual channels (VCs) and virtual paths (VPs) as the managed entities on the two levels respectively, we put forward a simple and robust strategy for traffic management in real time: All nodes simultaneously monitor offered traffics and forward the result to a network management centre (NMC); The NMC computes a new set of optimal VPs and compares the result to the existing network; If a change appears profitable, the necessary information is sent back to the nodes and the new design is implemented. Applying our strategy to control general networks subject to traffics which in advance are known only as expectations, we develop simple methods for traffic observation, the optimal observation interval, a fast and efficient algorithm to compute VP networks, a test to determine whether to implement a new design in which costs related to lost traffic are compared to processing costs, and the optimal updating interval. Running our strategy in a simulator, we discover a considerable adaptivity, large savings in transmission capacity, and a performance far better than achieved by fixed redesign according to forecasts. Finally we discuss limits to the range of variations within which our strategy can be applied. The present work applies both to networks using SDH/SONET and/or networks based on ATM, i.e. both to present public switched telephony networks and broadband integrated services digital networks, and is a summary and extension of earlier works within this area [3–9].
An Integrated Approach to Vehicle NVH Optimization (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Vibro-acoustical optimization of vehicles is a complex task, due to the many interactions that exist between subcomponents and car body in a broad acoustical frequency range. The goal of this paper is to present a view on the different experimental methodologies for vibro-acoustical analysis, that approach the vehicle as a source, transfer and receiver system. This approach focuses on the use of transfer path and source identification techniques, both for structure-borne and air-borne contribution analysis, and on the use of modeling techniques as there are vibro-acoustical modal analysis, FRF based substructuring and experimental statistical energy analysis techniques. It is explained what the main focus is of each of the techniques, where they can be used in the vibro-acoustical optimization process and in which frequency ranges they are useful.</div>
Serotonin and Melatonin in Plant Growth and Development (2016)

Serotonin and melatonin are two indoleamines widely distributed in plants, well known due to their function as neurotransmitters in mammals. Since they share structural similarity with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), previous reports suggested a possible auxin activity for these compounds. However, detailed analyses of root architecture have shown that in contrast to serotonin, which represses primary root growth, lateral root formation, and root hair development in high concentrations, melatonin had the opposite effect, promoting lateral and adventitious root formation without affecting primary root growth, and minimally affecting root hair development. These data indicate that indoleamines affect root morphogenesis in a differential and contrasting manner. Accumulating information further suggests a critical role of serotonin and melatonin in abiotic stress tolerance, regulation of senescence, activation of defense responses, plant productivity, and developmental phase transitions, which may be related to antioxidant and growth-promoting properties. In this chapter, we discuss possible mechanisms of serotonin and melatonin sensing in model and crop plants.
Clinical and Neurobiological Effects of Tianeptine and Paroxetine in Major Depression (2003)

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used as effective pharmacological agents to treat depressive disorders. In contrast to the SSRIs, which block the presynaptic serotonin (5-HT) transporter and by this route increase the concentration of serotonin in the synaptic cleft, the antidepressant tianeptine enhances the presynaptic neuronal reuptake of 5-HT and thus decreases serotonergic neurotransmission. Both SSRIs and tianeptine are clinically effective; however, their opposite modes of action challenge the prevailing concepts on the need of enhancement of serotonergic neurotransmission. To better understand the differences between these two opposite pharmacological modes of action, we compared the changes induced by tianeptine and paroxetine on psychopathology, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system, and cognitive functions in a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial including 44 depressed inpatients over a period of 42 days. Depressive symptomatology significantly improved in all efficacy measures, with no significant differences between tianeptine and paroxetine. There was a trend toward better response to the SSRI among women. Assessment of the HPA system showed marked hyperactivity before the beginning of treatment, which then normalized in most of the patients, without significant differences between the two antidepressants. Cognitive assessments showed no significant differences between the two drugs investigated. The results of the current study suggest that the initial effect, i.e., enhancement or decrease of 5-HT release, is only indirectly responsible for antidepressant efficacy, and they support the notion that downstream adaptations within and between nerve cells are crucial. The normalization of the HPA system as a common mode of action of different antidepressants seems to be of special interest.
Toward the understanding of the photodynamic activity of <i>m</i>-THPP encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles: correlation between nanoparticle properties and <i>in vivo</i> activity (2009)

Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (NP) are promising delivery systems for photosensitizers (PS). A hydrophobic PS, the meso-tetra(p-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (m-THPP) was encapsulated into NP made of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) using an emulsification-diffusion method, and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAL) as stabilizing agent during the emulsification step. Three batches of NP with mean diameters of 117, 285, and 593 nm, respectively, were prepared. NP of 117 nm exhibited the highest rate of reactive oxygen species production and the fastest m-THPP release determined by the transfer of m-THPP to serum proteins in vitro. Similarly, the 117 nm batch exhibited the highest in vivo photodynamic activity, as established in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane model. Our data suggest that m-THPP release before illumination is an important step for in vivo photodynamic activity especially for large NP. The NP size and the amount of residual PVAL at the NP surface were shown to control both the PS release and activity.
Infrared Study of the Bacterial Autoinducer <i>N</i>-Hexanoyl-Homoserine Lactone (C6-HSL) in the Gas-Phase, Water, and Octanol Solutions (2011)

The N-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL) molecule has been investigated by means of infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) under different conditions in an attempt to mimic biological situations encountered in communication between bacteria for quorum sensing. The protonated molecular ion was studied in the gas-phase that corresponds to a solvent-free situation somewhat analogous to that encountered in the receptor. The simulation of the IRMPD spectrum of the isolated ion was then conducted by means of quantum chemistry calculations in vacuum. In the case of the neutral species, the FT-IR spectra were recorded in D(2)O, mimicking the cytosolic and extracellular media as well as in 1-octanol that is often used for simulation of cell membranes. The interpretation was conducted by considering a C6-HSL molecule in its endo or exo conformation hydrogen-bonded to, respectively, six D(2)O and four 1-octanol molecules. A satisfying agreement with the experimental FT-IR studies conducted in solution at room temperature was obtained as long as a continuum IEFPCM model was added to the explicit solvent environment.
Novel Fluoroalkylation of Polyester Surfaces: Grafting with Perfluoroalkanoyl Peroxides (1994)

Perfluoroalkanoyl peroxides such as (C 3 F 7 COO) 2 have been found to react with polyester film only on the surface. The modified polyester surfaces were characterized by contact angle measurements using a two-liquid phase system and by ESCA spec troscopy. These provided surface free energy values and surface atom content values as a function of reaction time. Perfluoroalkyl groups substituted on the aromatic rings of the polyester surface influenced both the dispersive component γ s d of surface free energy and the polar one γ S p . The surface free energies decreased with the reaction time and reached a plateau at about 1 hour. There was a large decrease in γ S d . Based on the ESCA characterization, the area ratio of the F 1 s peak to the O 1 s peak was linearly correlated not only to γ S d but also to γ S p .
Decision Theory: What "Should" the Nervous System Do? (2007)

The purpose of our nervous system is to allow us to successfully interact with our environment. This normative idea is formalized by decision theory that defines which choices would be most beneficial. We live in an uncertain world, and each decision may have many possible outcomes; choosing the best decision is thus complicated. Bayesian decision theory formalizes these problems in the presence of uncertainty and often provides compact models that predict observed behavior. With its elegant formalization of the problems faced by the nervous system, it promises to become a major inspiration for studies in neuroscience.
Preparation of conducting composites of polypyrrole using supercritical carbon dioxide (2003)

Abstract Supercritical carbon dioxide, saturated with pyrrole, was brought into contact with oxidant‐impregnated films of poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PCTFE), crosslinked poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and porous crosslinked polystyrene (PS) in order to form conducting composites via the in situ polymerization of pyrrole. The two nonporous hosts—PCTFE and crosslinked PDMS—did not form conducting composites with polypyrrole (PPy). On the other hand, the electrical conductivity of the PPy composites with carbon dioxide‐swollen PMMA and porous PS ranged from 1.0 × 10 −4 S/cm to 3.0 × 10 −5 S/cm. In these two cases, the level of pyrrole polymerized on the surface or in the pores of the host polymer was sufficient to attain the interconnected conducting polymer networks necessary for electrical conductivity. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1113–1116, 2003
Simulating the impact of gate operation disruptions and mitigation strategies on gate delay (2011)

When an arriving flight cannot pull into its gate, this is called gate delay. This paper presents a simulation model to evaluate the impact of gate operation disruptions and gate-delay mitigation strategies. Operation disruptions investigated include arrival delays, longer gate blocking times, and unavailable gates. Mitigation strategies investigated include adding new gates, implementing common gates, using overnight off-gate parking and adopting self-docking gates. Simulation results show the following effects of disruptions: (i) The impact of arrival delay in a time window is bounded, (ii) The impact of longer gate-blocking times increases linearly in the size of the disruption, (iii) Reduced gate availability has a small impact when a small number of gates are affected, due to slack gate capacity, but when the slack gate capacity is used up, gate delay increases non-linearly. Simulation results show the following effects of mitigation strategies: (i) implementing common gates is an effective mitigation strategy, especially for airports that are not dominated by a single carrier, such as LGA. (ii) The overnight off-gate rule is effective in mitigating gate delay due to stranded overnight aircraft due to departure cancellations, especially at airports where gate usage is at peak at night, such as LGA and DFW. It can also be very effective to mitigate gate delay due to operation disruption in evenings. (iii) Self-docking gates are effective in mitigating gate delay due to reduced gate availability.
Binocular gaze holding of a moving object with the active stereo vision system (2002)

We present a binocular gaze holding method of an object which is moving in the complicated scene with the Active Stereo Vision System. The system uses a binocular vision robot, which can simulate the human eye movements. Holding gaze on a target object with the controlled cameras keeps the target's stereo disparity small, and simplifies the visual processing to locate the target for pursuit control. The novel point of our tracking method is the disparity-based segmentation method of the target object. The method utilizes a zero disparity filter (ZDF) and correlation to separate the target object with small disparity from distracting background. Furthermore, using the correlation method to estimate stereo disparity makes it possible to fixate on a surface of the target object. We show the experimental results with the complicated scene to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synchronization of chaotic semiconductor laser dynamics on subnanosecond time scales and its potential for chaos communication (2000)

We present experimental evidence for the synchronization of two semiconductor lasers exhibiting chaotic emission on subnanosecond time scales. The transmitter system consists of a semiconductor laser with weak to moderate coherent optical feedback and therefore exhibits chaotic oscillations. The receiver system is realized by a solitary semiconductor laser in which a fraction of the transmitter signal is coherently injected. We find that for a considerably large parameter range, synchronized receiver output can be achieved. We discuss the physical mechanism and demonstrate that the receiver acts as a chaos pass filter, which reproduces the chaotic fluctuations of the transmitter laser, but suppresses additionally encoded signals. Signal extraction at frequencies of up to 1 GHz has been achieved. Thus we provide a simple and robust optical chaos synchronization system that is promising for the realization of communication by sending signals with chaotic carriers.
A New Grooving Method Based on Steady Wear Model in EDM. (1997)

EDM contouring is more advantageous in electrode cost and machining flexbility than the conventional diesinking EDM. Though the contouring had been thought to be less accurate due to the electrode wear, it was found that the contouring could achieve comparable accuracy with the conventional method by using the steady state of the electrode wear. This method allows more electrode wear than the conventional method because the electrode wear in the steady state does not decrease the machining accuracy as long as the wear is adequately compensated for. This means that this method may be also advantageous in machining speed, because the machining speed decreases in general when the electrode wear is made lower. In order to make this method practical, modeling the electrode wear is important. Once the model has been constructed, it may be easier to determine machining conditions such as the shape of the electrode and the compensation for the electrode wear for the desired shape of machining.In this paper, a new grooving method using this contouring method is proposed. First, the electrode wear model at the steady state is described. Based on this model, the way to determine the machining conditions for grooves of any cross-sectional shape is described and some machining conditions for actual experiments are determined. The experimental results are found to be similar to the prediction given by the model when the grooves were not deep. Therefore, it can be concluded that this grooving method is practicable at least for the shallow grooves.
Micro SMES magnet configurations for reduced stray field applications (1995)

Reduced field coil configurations offer an attractive design alternative for small superconductive magnetic energy storage (/spl mu/SMES) systems. These commercially available systems are currently being used for improving the power quality in power conditioning sensitive processes. A reduced field design of /spl mu/SMES would allow its use in high-field sensitive environment. In this paper, proposed multiple parallel solenoids enclosed in one container with alternating field directions is presented and compared to a single solenoid. The parametric study covers stored energy, conductor volume, and overall magnet system dimensions. The efficiency of stray field reduction compared with the conventional single solenoid is also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of aerobic azo dye-degrading bacteria and their activity in biofilms (1997)

An azo dye-degrading strain, originally named TBX65, was isolated from the mixed liquor of the Mill Creek waste water treatment plant in Cincinnati, Ohio. Strain TBX65 has the unusual ability to aerobically reduce the azo bond of several azo dyes and is able to use some of these dyes as growth substrate. Subsequent investigations have revealed that TBX65 is actually composed of several strains including two azo dye-degrading strains, MC1 and MI2. Strain MI2 is able to use the azo dyes AO7 and AO8 as its sole source of carbon, energy, and nitrogen. In contrast, MC1 can aerobically reduce the azo bond of these dyes but only in the presence of an exogenous source of carbon and nitrogen. Both MC1 and MI2 are Gram negative, rod-shaped bacteria that form yellow colonies. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of MC1 indicates that it is a strain of Sphingomonas . Based on this phylogenetic analysis, the most closely related strain to MC1 is strain C7, a previously described azo dye-degrading bacterium isolated from biofilms growing in our laboratories. A strain-specific fluorescent antibody has been developed for strains MC1 and MI2, and is being used to determine the survival and azo dye-degrading ability of these strains in biofilms generated in a rotating drum bioreactor.
Construction of a system for the regeneration of adenosine 5'-triphosphate, which supplies energy to bioreactor. (1984)

An engineering model was successfully developed for an ATP regeneration system by using two enzymes, acetate kinase (AK) and adenylate kinase (AdK), both obtained from the thermophile Bacillus stearothermophilus. This model is composed of five units: a substrate unit consisting of substrate solutions--AMP, ATP, and acetyl phosphate (AcOP)--an enzymatic reactor unit consisting of AK and AdK immobilized to Sepharose 4B, an auto sampler unit, an analytical unit made up of high-performance liquid chromatography, and a control unit made up of a microcomputer. Operation of the four units could be systematically controlled by the microcomputer. Fundamental, operational conditions were examined using this engineering model. The conversion of AMP to ATP concentration and space velocity (SV). The minimum amount of ATP, which is required to obtain the 100% conversion of AMP to ATP, was determined to be about 4% of AMP concentration. The conversion of AMP to ATP was controlled effectively by changing the SV value. Based on the above experimental data, the continuous operation of an ATP regeneration system was tested at pH 7.5 and 30 degrees C under the conditions of 1.59 mM AMP, 0.084 mM ATP, and 5.0 mM AcOP. It was found that the conversion of AMP to ATP was more than 99% over a period of 6 days without changing SV.
Adaptive Cylinder Balancing of Internal Combustion Engines (2010)

For internal combustion engines with electronic fuel-injection systems, differences in fuel injector performance may result in significant discrepancies between the fuel amounts injected into the individual cylinders. In order to avoid excessive torsional vibrations of the crankshaft due to nonuniform cylinder-wise torque contributions, it is important to calibrate the fuel injectors. This can be done using angular speed measurements of the crankshaft to reconstruct the gas torque applied on the flywheel and relating it to the cylinder firings. For engines with a high number of cylinders, an accurate engine model is essential for successful cylinder balancing. This is due to closely spaced cylinder firings and the fact that the crankshaft dynamics cannot be ignored, partly due to the increased length of the crankshaft, and partly because analysis of higher frequency components is required to obtain sufficient information for balancing the cylinder-wise torque contributions. The need for accurate models forms a major obstacle to the implementation of cylinder balancing methods for such engines. In this paper an online adaptive cylinder balancing method is proposed which can be applied to engines with unknown crankshaft dynamics. The procedure identifies the engine-specific phase-angle diagrams which relate the amplitudes and phases of the relevant torque frequencies to the cylinder firings. The identified model is applied to balance the cylinder-wise torque contributions of the engine with the objective of minimizing torsional vibrations. The proposed method is evaluated using both simulations on twelve and eighteen cylinder V-engine generator sets and experiments on a full-scale 6 MW six cylinder common-rail diesel power plant engine. The results show that the adaptive cylinder balancing procedure achieves a more efficient reduction of torsional vibrations than methods based on a fixed engine model, in which a rigid crankshaft is assumed.