gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crucial Role of FLT3 Ligand in Immune Reconstitution Following Bone Marrow Transplantation and High Dose Chemotherapy. (2006)

Abstract Almost five decades after the first clinical transplantations, delayed immune reconstitution mechanisms regulating immune reconstitution post-transplantation remain to be established. While early recovery of innate immunity (myeloid and NK cells) results in reconstitution of protective immunity against bacterial pathogens, the levels of functional lymphocytes frequently remain abnormal for months or years. Low levels of B cells, immunoglobulins and CD4 T cells, predispose transplant recipients to severe bacterial and viral infections. Whereas the identification of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte/monocyte stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been used to successfully promote clinical granulocyte recovery, no cytokine treatment has been developed to accelerate B and T cell reconstitution following myeloablation and BMT. While adult fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) ligand (FL) deficient (FL−/−) mice have reduced numbers of early B and T cell progenitors, they sustain close to normal levels of mature B and T cells (McKenna, H.J. et al. Blood 2000, Sitnicka, E. et al. Immunity 2002, Sitnicka, E. et al. J Exp Med 2003). Herein, we demonstrate that adult BM cells fail to reconstitute B cell progenitors and conventional B cells in lethally irradiated FL−/− recipients, which also display delayed kinetics of T cell reconstitution. Similarly, FL is essential for B cell regeneration following chemotherapy-induced myeloablation. In contrast, fetal progenitors reconstitute B lymphopoiesis in FL−/− mice albeit at reduced levels. A critical role of FL in adult B lymphopoiesis is further substantiated by an age-progressive decline in peripheral conventional B cells in FL−/− mice, whereas fetally and early postnatally derived B1 and marginal zone B cells are sustained in a FL-independent manner. Thus, FL plays a crucial role in sustaining conventional B lymphopoiesis in adult mice, and as a consequence, our finding implicate a critical role of FL in promoting immune reconstitution following myeloablation and BM transplantation.
Molecular Detection of <i>Cellulosimicrobium cellulans</i> as the Etiological Agent of a Chronic Tongue Ulcer in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patient (2005)

Ulcerations appeared on the tongue of a 48-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-positive man. Histological findings of the biopsy specimen and the fact that the patient had resided in Louisiana led us to suspect "American histoplasmosis". A new ulcer appeared while the patient was being treated with itraconazole, and the gene for 16S rRNA of Cellulosimicrobium cellulans was amplified. The lesions healed during treatment with oral penicillin and azithromycin.
Test of Electrically Heated Clothing (1951)

Abstract : The object of this experiment is to evaluate a set of electrically heated boots and gloves for underwater swimmers under conditions of various water temperatures.
An <i>XPG</i> DNA Repair Defect Causing Mutagen Hypersensitivity in Mouse Leukemia L1210 Cells (1995)

One of the most widely used antitumor drugs is cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin), and mechanisms of cisplatin resistance have been investigated in numerous model systems. Many studies have used mouse leukemia L1210/0 as a reference wild-type cell line, and cisplatin-resistant subclones have been derived from it. Increased DNA excision repair capacity is thought to play a key role in the acquired cisplatin resistance, and this has influenced development of drugs for clinical trials. We report here that the L1210/0 line is in fact severely deficient in nucleotide excision repair of damaged DNA in vivo and in vitro. L1210/0 cell extracts could be complemented by extracts from repair-defective human xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) or rodent excision repair cross-complementing (ERCC) mutant cells, except for XPG/ERCC5 mutants. Purified XPG protein could restore repair proficiency to L1210/0 extracts. Expression of mouse XPG mRNA was similar in all L1210 lines studied, suggesting a point mutation or small alteration of XPG in L1210/0 cells. The DNA repair capacity of a cisplatin-resistant subline, L1210/DDP10, is similar to that of type culture collection L1210 cells and to those of other normal mammalian cell lines. Nucleotide excision repair of DNA is thus clearly important in the intrinsic cellular defense against cisplatin. However, in contrast to what is generally believed, enhancement of DNA repair above the normal level in these rodent cells does not appear to be a mechanism of acquired resistance to the drug.
Photoreactive particle prepared from natural rubber and 1,9‐nonandioldimethacrylate (2009)

Abstract Photoreactive particle was prepared by graft copolymerization of 1,9‐nonandioldimethacrylate (NDMA) onto deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) particles in latex stage. First, NDMA was mixed with α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) as a coupling agent to form an inclusion complex to stabilize a carbon–carbon double bond of NDMA as a bifunctional monomer. Second, the inclusion complex was graft‐copolymerized onto natural rubber (NR) in latex stage with potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator, after deproteinization with urea in the presence of surfactant. A terminal vinyl group of NDMA was used for the graft copolymerization, while the other remained in the resulting polymer, due to the coupling effect of the α‐CD. The products, after washing α‐CD out, were characterized by FTIR, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), 1 H NMR and solid‐state 13 C NMR measurements. The amount of residual carbon–carbon double bond after graft copolymerization was investigated in relation to the amount of rubber and reaction temperature. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4111–4118, 2009
HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF DIHYDROXYLATED VITAMIN D<sub>3</sub>METABOLITES USING MOBILE PHASE CONTAINING CYCLODEXTRIN (2000)

The separation of side chain dihydroxylated vitamin D3 metabolites by inclusion high performance liquid chromatography using cyclodextrin (CD) as the mobile phase additive was examined. 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its 3-epimer were clearly separated by the addition of γ-CD to the mobile phase using acetonitrile as the organic modifier. The separation of the 25-epimers of 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D3 has been done, to a certain extent, with the mobile phase using methanol and dimethylated β-CD as the organic modifier and the additive, respectively. These separation methods were applied to the detection of the metabolites in the plasma of the rat administered 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. These metabolites were also identified by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry after derivatization.
The Ponape ST radar (1984)

In May, 1984, a 50-MHz ST radar was installed on the island of Ponape in the western equatorial Pacific (7 deg N, 158 deg E) by the Aeronomy Laboratory of NOAA. The radar consists of a 100 m x 100 m array with a single, vertically directed, beam and is initially transmitting micro sec. (2.25 km) pulses. The radar is operating continuously, with Doppler spectra being recorded at approximately 1 1/2 minute intervals and sent to Boulder for later analysis. One of the principal goals of the radar is to measure vertical motions in the troposphere and lower stratosphere at a location which is within the intertropical convergence zone during part of the year. First results, during generally fair weather conditions, show detectable echoes up to about 21 km with the tropopause at 17-18 km. Once daily balloon soundings are available locally from a NOAA Weather Service Office on the island, it is planned that this radar will be joined in the coming year by two others with oblique as well as vertical beams on two yet-to-be-selected equatorial islands as part of the TOGA (Tropical Oceans Global Atmosphere) program.
Magnetospheric effects on high-energy solar particles during the 2012 May 17$^{th}$ event measured with the PAMELA experiment (2016)

The great challenge in constraining scenarios for solar energetic particle (SEP) acceleration is due to the fact that the signatures of acceleration itself are heavily modified by transport within interplanetary space.During transport, SEPs are subject to pitch angle scattering by the turbulent magnetic field, adiabatic focusing, or reflecting magnetic structures.Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs) provide an ideal way to study acceleration with minimal transport.In this work, we present a unique high-energy SEP observation from PAMELA of the 2012 May 17 GLE and interpret the observed pitch angle distributions as a result of local scattering (1 AU) by the Earth's magnetosheath.
Prevention of 5.56mm Aluminum Cartridge Case Burn-Through (1975)

Abstract : This report documents recent developments in cartridge case coatings designed to prevent the occurrence of burn-through in 5.56mm aluminum cartridge cases. The research work performed determined the effectiveness and general feasibility of five materials: red grip core paste, polyimide varnish (DuPont), The National Aeronautic and Space Administration's (NASA) 45B3 intumescent coating, polysulfide sheeting, and RTV-734 (Dow Corning) used in combination with other materials. As a result of test firings conducted using the aforementioned materials, two formulations, the NASA intumescent coating and the polysulfide sheeting, internally applied, emerged as the most successful candidates. In light of the general efficiency demonstrated by these materials, it is concluded that an internally applied case coating material could prove to be most effective in the prevention of burn-through 5.56mm aluminum cartridge cases.
A New Device and Technique for Thermal Conductivity Measurements of Glass-Forming Materials With Application to Cryopreservation (2013)

The current study is aimed at developing a device and technique to measure the thermal conductivity of materials relevant to cryopreservation — the preservation of biomaterials at very low temperatures. It is well established that ice formation is the cornerstone of low-temperature injury [1]. In an effort to improve the outcome of cryopreservation, ice crystallization can be controlled by the addition of cryoprotective agents (CPAs), such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). CPA solutions are characterized by exponentially increasing viscosity with the decreasing temperature. If cooled rapidly enough, the crystalline phase can be completely suppressed and the material is trapped in a solid-like state known as vitrification (vitreous in Latin means glassy). While correlating the quality of the cryopreserved product with the thermal history may be straightforward to obtain in small specimens, characterized by close-to-uniform temperature distribution, analysis of larger specimens requires integration of mathematical tools to estimate the spatial temperature distribution at any instant along the cryogenic protocol. The data developed in the current study is aimed at enabling the corresponding thermal analysis, while exploring the variation in thermal conductivity between the crystalline and glassy states.
P2-13: Determination of the maximum incremental rate and boundaries of the TWT interaction area (2010)

An approximate solution for the TWT determinantal (characteristic) equation presented in this paper made it possible to find relatively simple relations between the space charge and velocity parameters at optimum interaction as well as at boundaries of the interaction area. Approximate expressions for the maximum incremental rate and the optimum velocity parameter was also derived.
Regulation of Glycogen Synthase in Rat Hepatocytes (1999)

We examined the signaling pathways regulating glycogen synthase (GS) in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. The activation of GS by insulin and glucose was completely reversed by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin. Wortmannin also inhibited insulin-induced phosphorylation and activation of protein kinase B/Akt (PKB/Akt) as well as insulin-induced inactivation of GS kinase-3 (GSK-3), consistent with a role for the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/PKB-Akt/GSK-3 axis in insulin-induced GS activation. Although wortmannin completely inhibited the significantly greater level of GS activation produced by the insulin-mimetic bisperoxovanadium 1,10-phenanthroline (bpV(phen)), there was only minimal accompanying inhibition of bpV(phen)-induced phosphorylation and activation of PKB/Akt, and inactivation of GSK-3. Thus, PKB/Akt activation and GSK-3 inactivation may be necessary but are not sufficient to induce GS activation in rat hepatocytes. Rapamycin partially inhibited the GS activation induced by bpV(phen) but not that effected by insulin. Both insulin- and bpV(phen)-induced activation of the atypical protein kinase C (zeta/lambda) (PKC (zeta/lambda)) was reversed by wortmannin. Inhibition of PKC (zeta/lambda) with a pseudosubstrate peptide had no effect on GS activation by insulin, but substantially reversed GS activation by bpV(phen). The combination of this inhibitor with rapamycin produced an additive inhibitory effect on bpV(phen)-mediated GS activation. Taken together, our results indicate that the signaling components mammalian target of rapamycin and PKC (zeta/lambda) as well as other yet to be defined effector(s) contribute to the modulation of GS in rat hepatocytes.
Capsule and Fimbria Interaction in<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (2005)

The capsular polysaccharide and type 1 fimbriae are two of the major surface-located virulence properties associated with the pathogenesis of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The capsule is an elaborate polysaccharide matrix that encases the entire cell surface and provides resistance against many host defense mechanisms. In contrast, type 1 fimbriae are thin adhesive thread-like surface organelles that can extend beyond the capsular matrix and mediate d-mannose-sensitive adhesion to host epithelial cells. These fimbriae are archetypical and consist of a major building block protein (FimA) that comprises the bulk of the organelle and a tip-located adhesin (FimH). It is assumed that the extended major-subunit protein structure permits the FimH adhesin to function independently of the presence of a capsule. In this study, we have employed a defined set of K. pneumoniae capsulated and noncapsulated strains to show that the function of type 1 fimbriae is actually impeded by the concomitant expression of a polysaccharide capsule. Capsule expression had significant effects on two parameters commonly used to define FimH function, namely, yeast cell agglutination and biofilm formation. Our data suggest that this effect is not due to transcriptional/translational changes in fimbrial gene/protein expression but rather the result of direct physical interference. This was further demonstrated by the fact that we could restore fimbrial function by inhibiting capsule synthesis. It remains to be determined whether the expression of these very different surface components occurs simply via random events of phase variation or in a coordinated manner in response to specific environmental cues.
Comment on “Landfill-Stimulated Iron Reduction and Arsenic Release at the Coakley Superfund Site (NH)” (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCorrespondence/Rebut...Correspondence/RebuttalNEXTComment on "Landfill-Stimulated Iron Reduction and Arsenic Release at the Coakley Superfund Site (NH)"Lee M. Blaney and Arup K. SenGuptaView Author Information Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Lehigh University Fritz Engineering Laboratory 13 East Packer Avenue Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 12, 4037–4038Publication Date (Web):May 13, 2006Publication History Published online13 May 2006Published inissue 1 June 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es060247hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/es060247harticle-commentaryACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views477Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (171 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Arsenic,Iron,Leaching,Redox reactions,Sludges Get e-Alerts
Dušikov oksid II: biološki učinki in učinkovine, ki sproščajo NO (2005)

POVZETEK: Dusikov oksid, kot kljueni prenasalec v stevilnih fizioloskih in patofizioloskih procesih, izraza veeino bioloskih ueinkov preko aktivacije topne gvanilat ciklaze. Pri posameznih obolenjih je terapevtsko ugodno bodisi poveeanje njegove koncentracije, ali pa zaviranje njegove prekomerne tvorbe. Poleg organskih nitratov, ki so v terapiji ze vrsto let, preizkusajo nove NO-donorje z drugaenim mehanizmom sproseanja in ueinki tudi na druge tarene efektorske sisteme in tkiva.
Nucleosome packing in interphase chromatin. (1979)

Higher-order chromatin fibers (200--300 A in diameter) are reproducibly released from nuclei after lysis in the absence of formalin and/or detergent. Electron microscope analysis of these fibers shows that they are composed of a continuous array of closely apposed nucleosomes which display several distinct packing patterns. Analysis of the organization of nucleosomes within these arrays and their distribution along long stretches of chromatin suggest that the basic 100-A chromatin fiber is not packed into discrete superbeads and is not folded into a uniform solenoid within the native 250-A fiber. Furthermore, because similar higher-order fibers have been visualized in metaphase chromosomes, the existence of this fiber class appears to be independent of the degree of in vivo chromatin condensation.
Biochemical, genetic and genomic characterization of anaerobic electron transport pathways in sulphate-reducing<i>Delta proteobacteria</i> (2007)

Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) derive energy for growth by coupling the oxidation of hydrogen or organic compounds to the reduction of sulphate to sulphide. The bioenergetics and the global topology of energy-conserving reactions have already been discussed in Chapter 1. Understanding the bioenergetics of the coupling of hydrogen oxidation and sulphate reduction is simple, in principle. Four H2 are oxidized by periplasmic hydrogenases and the eight protons and electrons are transferred to the cytoplasm through ATP synthase and transmembrane-electron-transfer complexes for sulphate reduction. This produces approximately three adenosine triphosphates (ATPs), of which two are needed to activate sulphate. Hence a net yield of one ATP is produced per sulphate reduced. Energy conservation by coupling the reduction of sulphate to the incomplete oxidation of lactate is more complex because the primary oxidation reactions are now also cytoplasmic. Because these yield two ATPs by substrate level phosphorylation, the same number as required for the activation of sulphate, a net energetic benefit can only be obtained by hydrogen cycling as proposed by Odom and Peck (Odom and Peck, 1981), cycling of formate or CO (Heidelberg et al., 2004; Voordouw, 2002) or by electrogenic proton translocation associated with the electron transport chain for reduction of sulphate. The components that participate in these anaerobic electron transport pathways will be considered in detail here. Harry Peck and Jean LeGall, the pioneers of the biochemistry of SRB, contributed greatly by purifying and characterizing many of the redox proteins present in these organisms.
Different Fetal and Neonatal Growth between Early- and Late-Onset Preeclampsia (2015)

Preeclampsia is a heterogeneous disease, and there are major differences in severity, fetal growth and poor placentation between early- and late-onset preeclampsia. Here, we examined the effect of onset period on fetal and neonatal growth in preeclampsia with a cross-sectional study including 102 pregnant women with preeclampsia visited Okayama University Hospital from 2009 to 2013. The subjects were retrospectively compared in terms of body mass index (BMI), weight gain during pregnancy, complications, weeks of delivery, neonatal body weight and BMI at birth, fetal growth restriction (FGR), small for gestational age (SGA), pathological findings in the placenta, and infant’s weight at 1 month after birth. Neonatal body weight and BMI at birth were significantly lower and the extent of FGR and the frequency of SGA were higher in early-onset group compared with late-onset group. Mean daily weight gain during the neonatal period was significantly lower in the early-onset group compared with the late-onset group, however the weight gain rate during the neonatal period in the early-onset group was higher than that in late-onset group. In conclusions, there are significant differences in fetal and neonatal growth between early- and late-onset preeclampsia and the catch up for growth might start during neonatal period.
Prevention and induction of occlusive coronary vascular disease in autoimmune (W/B)F1 mice by haploidentical bone marrow transplantation: possible role for anticardiolipin autoantibodies (1993)

Male (NZW x BXSB)F1 (W/BF1) mice develop systemic autoimmunity involving autoantibodies, thrombocytopenia, lupus nephritis, and coronary vascular disease with myocardial infarction (CVD). To determine whether this murine lupus-associated CVD could be transferred to otherwise autoimmune-resistant (C57BL/6 x C3H/He)F1 (B6C3F1) mice via W/BF1 T-cell-depleted marrow (TCDM) transplants, or conversely whether the CVD of W/BF1 mice could be prevented by the reciprocal transplant, reciprocal haploidentical transplants of TCDM were performed. CVD developed only in mice with systemic autoimmunity. Mice that developed lupus had glomerulonephritis and thrombocytopenia and also had elevated titres of autoantibodies to double-strand DNA, cardiolipin, and platelets and elevated levels of circulating immune complexes. Of control W/BF1 mice, 80% developed lupus, and of these, 81% developed CVD with a mean grade of 2.5 +/- 0.8. Engraftment of W/BF1 mice with B6C3F1 marrow protected 90% of the recipients from the development of lupus, and none developed CVD. Engraftment of B6C3F1 mice with W/BF1 marrow induced lupus in 60% of the recipients, and of those, 33% developed CVD with a mean grade of 1.3 +/- 0.3. The B6C3F1 recipients of W/BF1 marrow which developed CVD had significantly higher titres of autoantibodies to cardiolipin (aCL; P < .01). These findings show that genetic abnormalities present in the W/BF1 hematopoietic stem cells contribute to autoantibody development, including aCL, and suggest that thrombogenic mechanisms induced by aCL may contribute to the development of CVD in this form of murine lupus erythematosus.
RAS mutations affect pattern of metastatic spread and increase propensity for brain metastasis in colorectal cancer (2014)

The metastatic potential of CRC varies with the presence of RAS mutation. RAS mutation is associated with worse OS and increased incidence of lung, bone, and brain metastasis. An understanding of this site-specific pattern of spread may help to inform physicians' assessment of symptoms in patients with mCRC.