gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Quality Normal Map Compression (2006)

Normal mapping is a widely used technique in real-time graphics, but so far little research has focused on compressing normal maps. Therefore, we present several simple techniques that improve the quality of ATIs 3Dc normal map compression algorithm. We use varying point distributions, rotation, and differential encoding. On average, this improves the peak-signal-to-noise-ratio by 3 dB, which is clearly visible in rendered images. Our algorithm also allows us to better handle slowly varying normals, which often occurs in real-world normal maps. We also describe the decoding process in detail.
Method for tracking nanogel particles <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> (2008)

Hydrogels made of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) can be synthesized in the form of highly monodispersed nanoparticles. After synthesis, NIPA hydrogel nanoparticles (nanogels) can be labeled by Alexa Fluor 488 carboxylic acid, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl ester through amine-terminated functional groups. This choice of dye is complementary to other biological labeling methods for in vivo studies. When the nanogel/dye nanoparticles are injected into rabbits, they can be imaged via tissue sectioning and confocal microscopy, while nanoparticle concentration can be determined by fluorescent microplate assays. Time-course persistence of nanoparticles in the circulatory system can be readily tracked by direct assay of plasma and urine samples using 485 nm excitation and 538 emission wavelengths to keep background fluorescence to nearly the same level as that found using an empty well. Depending upon how the nanoparticles are injected, circulatory system concentrations can reach high concentrations and diminish to low levels or gradually increase and gradually decrease over time. Injection in the femoral artery results in a rapid spike in circulating nanogel/dye concentration, while injection into the renal artery results in a more gradual increase.
Direct regulation of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase following myocardial infarction causes changes in survival, cardiac function, and remodeling (2011)

The membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is increased in left ventricular (LV) failure. However, the direct effects of altered MT1-MMP levels on survival, LV function, and geometry following myocardial infarction (MI) and the proteolytic substrates involved in this process remain unclear. MI was induced in mice with cardiac-restricted overexpression of MT1-MMP (MT1-MMPexp; full length human), reduced MT1-MMP expression (heterozygous; MT1-MMP(+/-)), and wild type. Post-MI survival was reduced with MT1-MMPexp and increased with MT1-MMP(+/-) compared with WT. LV ejection fraction was lower in the post-MI MT1-MMPexp mice compared with WT post-MI and was higher in the MT1-MMP(+/-) mice. In vivo localization of MT1-MMP using antibody-conjugated microbubbles revealed higher MT1-MMP levels post-MI, which were the highest in the MT1-MMPexp group and the lowest in the MT1-MMP(+/-) group. LV collagen content within the MI region was higher in the MT1-MMPexp vs. WT post-MI and reduced in the MT1-MMP(+/-) group. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that MT1-MMP proteolytically processed the profibrotic molecule, latency-associated transforming growth factor-1-binding protein (LTBP-1), and MT1-MMP-specific LTBP-1 proteolytic activity was increased by over fourfold in the post-MI MT1-MMPexp group and reduced in the MT1-MMP(+/-) group, which was directionally paralleled by phospho-Smad-3 levels, a critical signaling component of the profibrotic transforming growth factor pathway. We conclude that modulating myocardial MT1-MMP levels affected LV function and matrix structure, and a contributory mechanism for these effects is through processing of profibrotic signaling molecules. These findings underscore the diversity of biological effects of certain MMP types on the LV remodeling process.
Satiated-efferocytosis: A novel functional property for resolution-phase macrophages regulated by glucocorticoids, resolvins, galectin-1 and the chemokine-scavenging receptor D6 (P4157) (2013)

Abstract The engulfment of apoptotic leukocytes (efferocytosis) by macrophages during the resolution of inflammation is essential for homeostasis and results in macrophage reprogramming/immune-silencing. Here, we show CD11bhigh macrophages convert to CD11blow ones and stop efferocytosing apoptotic PMN after reaching an engulfment threshold in vivo. In addition, CD11blow macrophages are distinct from either M1 or M2 in their protein expression profile and display pro-resolving properties, such as diminished responses to different TLR ligands ex vivo and propensity to emigrate from resolving inflammation sites to lymphoid organs. Of interest, we found the pro-resolving lipid mediators resolvin E1 and D1, as well as the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) and the lectin galectin-1 enhance satiated-efferocytosis and consequently CD11blow macrophage conversion from their CD11bhigh counterparts. Deficiency in the atypical chemokine receptor D6 resulted in delayed satiation and reduced immune-silencing of macrophages, and inhibits their departure from resolving inflammation sites. In sum, satiated-efferocytosis is a novel phagocyte property of CD11blow macrophages that is regulated by pro-resolving mediators. Moreover, satiated-efferocytosis is required for CD11blow macrophage emigration from resolving inflammation sites and the return of tissue homeostasis. Thus, satiated-efferocytosis is essential for the completion of timely- and spatially-coordinated resolution of acute inflammation.
Mapping action potentials and calcium transients simultaneously from the intact heart (2001)

Intracellular calcium handling plays an important role in cardiac electrophysiology. Using two fluorescent indicators, we developed an optical mapping system that is capable of measuring calcium transients and action potentials at 256 recording sites simultaneously from the intact guinea pig heart. On the basis of in vitro measurements of dye excitation and emission spectra, excitation and emission filters at 515 +/- 5 and >695 nm, respectively, were used to measure action potentials with di-4-ANEPPS, and excitation and emission filters at 365 +/- 25 and 485 +/- 5 nm, respectively, were used to measure calcium transients with indo 1. The percent error due to spectral overlap was small when action potentials were measured (1.7 +/- 1.0%, n = 3) and negligible when calcium transients were measured (0%, n = 3). Recordings of calcium transients, action potentials, and isochrone maps of depolarization time and the time of calcium transient onset indicated negligible error due to fluorescence emission overlap. These data demonstrate that the error due to spectral overlap of indo 1 and di-4-ANEPPS is sufficiently small, such that optical mapping techniques can be used to measure calcium transients and action potentials simultaneously in the intact heart.
Unification of automatic target tracking and automatic target recognition (2014)

The subject being addressed is how an automatic target tracker (ATT) and an automatic target recognizer (ATR) can be fused together so tightly and so well that their distinctiveness becomes lost in the merger. This has historically not been the case outside of biology and a few academic papers. The biological model of ATT∪ATR arises from dynamic patterns of activity distributed across many neural circuits and structures (including retina). The information that the brain receives from the eyes is “old news” at the time that it receives it. The eyes and brain forecast a tracked object’s future position, rather than relying on received retinal position. Anticipation of the next moment – building up a consistent perception – is accomplished under difficult conditions: motion (eyes, head, body, scene background, target) and processing limitations (neural noise, delays, eye jitter, distractions). Not only does the human vision system surmount these problems, but it has innate mechanisms to exploit motion in support of target detection and classification. Biological vision doesn’t normally operate on snapshots. Feature extraction, detection and recognition are spatiotemporal. When vision is viewed as a spatiotemporal process, target detection, recognition, tracking, event detection and activity recognition, do not seem as distinct as they are in current ATT and ATR designs. They appear as similar mechanism taking place at varying time scales. A framework is provided for unifying ATT and ATR.
Design automation and VLSI in the 80's (Position Statement) (1980)

The density of silicon integrated circuits has been increasing by a factor of two per year and this increase can be expected to continue in the forseeable future. This increasing scale of integration requires the use of comprehensive aids in order to prevent the design intervals from becoming excessively long and to limit the expenditure of design resources per circuit.
Cd(II)-Responsive and Constitutive Mutants Implicate a Novel Domain in MerR (1999)

Expression of the Tn21 mercury resistance (mer) operon is controlled by a metal-sensing repressor-activator, MerR. When present, MerR always binds to the same position on the DNA (the operator merO), repressing transcription of the structural genes merTPCAD in the absence of Hg(II) and inducing their transcription in the presence of Hg(II). Although it has two potential binding sites, the purified MerR homodimer binds only one Hg(II) ion, employing Cys82 from one monomer and Cys117 and Cys126 from the other. When MerR binds Hg(II), it changes allosterically and also distorts the merO DNA to facilitate transcriptional initiation by sigma70 RNA polymerase. Wild-type MerR is highly specific for Hg(II) and is 100- and 1, 000-fold less responsive to the chemically related group 12 metals, Cd(II) and Zn(II), respectively. We sought merR mutants that respond to Cd(II) and obtained 11 Cd(II)-responsive and 5 constitutive mutants. The Cd(II)-responsive mutants, most of which had only single-residue replacements, were also repression deficient and still Hg(II) responsive but, like the wild type, were completely unresponsive to Zn(II). None of the Cd(II)-responsive mutations occurred in the DNA binding domain or replaced any of the key Cys residues. Five Cd(II)-responsive single mutations lie in the antiparallel coiled-coil domain between Cys82 and Cys117 which constitutes the dimer interface. These mutations identify 10 new positions whose alteration significantly affect MerR's metal responsiveness or its repressor function. They give rise to specific predictions for how MerR distinguishes group 12 metals, and they refine our model of the novel domain structure of MerR. Secondary-structure predictions suggest that certain elements of this model also apply to other MerR family regulators.
Fertile Ground: Homegrown Loyalty Makes For Globally Competitive Industry (2005)

This paper proposes a theory to explain how rural sociality has influenced workforce behavior and productivity at a Global Manufacturing Systems' automotive assembly plant in mid-Michigan. The paper argues that for over 100 years, rural and farming families in the region have been appropriating GM factories in order to sustain their rural life ways and remain part of their own ‘moral’ community. Loyalty to the company is conceptualized from the families' perspective as a requirement of sustainable communities, motivated by an intergenerational desire to keep GM in Michigan. Employee loyalty also benefits the company by ensuring high performance and quality. The link between sociality and performance is illustrated through statistical modeling of attendance data and maps produced through ArcGIS.
Oxidative Stability and Initial Decomposition Reactions of Carbonate, Sulfone, and Alkyl Phosphate-Based Electrolytes (2013)

The oxidative stability and initial oxidation-induced decomposition reactions of common electrolyte solvents for batteries and electrical double layer capacitors were investigated using quantum chemistry (QC) calculations. The investigated electrolytes consisted of linear (DMC, EMC) and cyclic carbonate (EC, PC, VC), sulfone (TMS), sulfonate, and alkyl phosphate solvents paired with BF4–, PF6–, bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI–), difluoro-(oxalato)borate (DFOB–), dicyanotriazolate (DCTA–), and B(CN)4– anions. Most QC calculations were performed using the M05-2X, LC-ωPBE density functional and compared with the G4MP2 results where feasible. The calculated oxidation potentials were compared with previous and new experimental data. The intrinsic oxidation potential of most solvent molecules was found to be higher than experimental values for electrolytes even after the solvation contribution was included in the QC calculations via a polarized continuum model. The presence of BF4–, PF6–, B(CN)4–, and FSI– anions near the solvents was found to significantly decrease the oxidative stability of many solvents due to the spontaneous or low barrier (for FSI–) H- and F-abstraction reaction that followed the initial electron removal step. Such spontaneous H-abstraction reactions were not observed for the solvent complexes with DCTA– or DFOB– anions or for VC/anion, TMP/PF6– complexes. Spontaneous H-transfer reactions were also found for dimers of the oxidized carbonates (EC, DMC), alkyl phosphates (TMP), while low barrier H-transfer was found for dimers of sulfones (TMS and EMS). These reactions resulted in a significant decrease of the dimer oxidation potential compared to the oxidation potential of the isolated solvent molecules. The presence of anions or an explicitly included solvent molecule next to the oxidized solvent molecules also reduced the barriers for the oxidation-induced decomposition reaction and often changed the decomposition products. When a Li+ cation polarized the solvent in the ECn/LiBF4 and ECn/LiPF6 complexes, the complex oxidation potential was 0.3–0.6 eV higher than the oxidation potential of ECn/BF4– and ECn/PF6–.
POSTURAL STABILITY OF COSMONAUTS AFTER LONG SPACE FLIGHTS (2018)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Diagnostic Bone-Density Testing (2001)

Faraj, Adnan A. FRCS(Ed), MCh(Orth); Yilmaz, Cengiz MD; Selek, Hakan MD; Gürkan, Ilksen MD; Erdemli, Bülent MD; Korkusuz, Zeki MD Author Information
Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy for Nanoparticle Sizing:  Tip−Sample Interaction Effects (2002)

The use of tapping mode atomic force microscopy as a sizing tool for nanoparticles is investigated. Height of CdSe nanocrystals measured on different substrates is found to be significantly lower than the particle diameters as determined by transmission electron microscopy. Only minor height variations were found upon particle surface ligand exchange, but significant height variations were found for particles imaged on surfaces with different chemical natures. The distorted height data is attributed to shifts of the tip resonance frequency during imaging, induced by the attractive capillary forces near the substrate. Particle height variations observed when using different drive frequencies of the cantilever corroborate this assignment.
Terahertz Pioneer: Thomas G. Phillips “The Sky Above, the Mountain Below” (2012)

Presents an interview with Thomas G. Philips, a pioneer in terahertz science and astronomy.
Long-term results of breast conserving surgery vs. mastectomy for early stage invasive breast cancer: 20-year follow-up of the Danish randomized DBCG-82TM protocol (2008)

The main objective of the present study aims at comparing the long-term efficacy of breast conserving surgery (BCS) vs. mastectomy (M) based on a randomized design. The Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group (DBCG) conducted the trial (DBCG-82TM) from January 1983 to March 1989 recruiting 1154 patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Follow-up time ended 1(st) May 2006 with a median follow-up time of 19.6 years (time span 17.1-23.3 years). Eligibility criteria included a one-sided, unifocal, primary operable breast carcinoma, patient age below 70 years, probability of satisfactory cosmetic outcome with BCS, and no evidence of disseminated disease. The patients accrued were grouped into three subsets: correctly randomized, suspicion of randomization error, and declining randomization. The main analyses focus on the subgroup of 793 correctly randomized patients representing 70% of the complete series. 10-year recurrence free survival (RFS) and 20-year overall survival (OS) based on intent to treat did not reveal significant differences in outcome between breast conserving surgery vs. mastectomy, p=0.95 and p=0.10, respectively. Including the complete series comprising 1133 eligible patients based on treatment in fact given similarly no significant difference between surgical options could be traced in outcome of 10-year RFS and 20-year OS, p=0.94 and p=0.24, respectively. The pattern of recurrences as a first event in breast conservation vs. mastectomy did not differ significantly irrespective of site, p=0.27. Looking into the type of local relapse, viz., new primaries vs. true recurrences, it appeared that new primaries were significantly associated to BCS, while true recurrences dominated among M treated patients (p<0.001). In conclusion, long-term data indicate that BCS in eligible patients proves as effective as mastectomy both regarding local tumour control, RFS and OS. Local failures as a first event consistent with new primaries are strongly associated with BCS, whereas true recurrence predominates after mastectomy.
Volatiles working group (1973)

The physical behavior of water and carbon dioxide on Mars was studied. Topics discussed include: physics of polar frosts, CO2 budget, atmospheric minor constituents, chemical and physical properties of surface materials, layered deposits, and the role of volatiles in the Martian landscape formation.
Synthesis and Structure of LaSr<sub>2</sub>CuTiO<sub>6.5</sub>:  A New Oxygen-Deficient Ruddlesden−Popper Phase (1996)

The structure of LaSr2CuTiO6.5, a novel (ABO3)nAO n = 2 Ruddlesden−Popper phase, has been solved by powder X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The diffraction patterns are consistent with I4/mmm symmetry, with tetragonal lattice parameters a = 3.8816(1) Å and c = 20.296(2) Å. The structure of LaSr2CuTiO6.5 is similar to Sr3Ti2O7, with copper and titanium disordered over the single B-cation site, and lanthanum and strontium almost perfectly disordered over the two A-cation sites. The oxygen content, determined by thermogravimetric reduction to be 6.5 (±0.1), is consistent with divalent copper with the oxygen vacancies distributed within the perovskite layers. The absence of local order and strategies for inducing a layered arrangement of the B-cations are discussed.
(<i>p</i>,<i>n</i>) reaction on Li isotopes for<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">E</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">p</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>=60–200 MeV (1990)

Differential cross section angular distributions for the $^{6,7}\mathrm{Li}$(p,n${)}^{6,7}$Be reactions have been measured at energies between 60 and 200 MeV. The experimental angular distributions are analyzed using a microscopic distorted wave impulse approximation. The results of self-consistent microscopic distorted wave calculations based on a complete set of weak and electromagnetic data for the mass 6 and 7 systems are also presented. Total observed Gamow-Teller strength up to about 40 MeV excitation energy is reported. Energy dependence of the \ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\tau} and \ensuremath{\tau} effective interaction terms are presented up to 200 MeV. The measured (p,n) cross sections for the $^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ (g.s.) and $^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ (0.43 MeV) transitions are used to obtain the branching ratio of the $^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ (g.s.) decay to the g.s. and 0.478 MeV states in $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$. Zero degree polarization transfer (${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{N}\mathit{N}}$) data at ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{p}}$=80, 120, 160, and 200 MeV are reported for the $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$(p,n${)}^{6}$Be (g.s.) and for the $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$(p,n${)}^{7}$Be (g.s.+0.43 MeV) reactions. Energy dependence of total and zero degree differential cross section for the $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$(p,n${)}^{7}$Be (g.s.+0.43 MeV) transitions are reported. Finally a comparison is presented for the (n,p), (p,p'), and (p,n) reaction in $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ populating isospin triplets.
<title>In-vivo and in-vitro study of control of rat skin optical properties by action of osmotical liquid</title> (2000)

We present experimental results on optical properties of the rat skin controlled by administration of osmotically active chemical, such as glycerol. In vivo reflectance and in vitro reflectance and transmittance spectra of the rat skin were measured. Results of experimental study of influence of glycerol on reflectance spectra of the rat skin are presented. The significant increase of transmittance and decrease of reflectance of the rat skin under action of osmotical agent are demonstrated. Basing on mathematical modeling the optical parameters of the rat skin are determined.
On the absence of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate/pyruvate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis in fungi and yeasts (1998)

The biosynthesis of isopentenyl diphosphate, the central intermediate of isoprenoid formation, was investigated in the fungus Aschersonia aleyrodis and the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis. The incorporation of 13C-labeled glucose or acetate into their isoprenoids showed that ergosterol in both micro-organisms, ubiquinone in R. glutinis and dihydro-ubiquinone, beta-carotene and triterpenes of the hopane series in A. aleyrodis were synthesized via the mevalonate pathway. No evidence for the presence of the alternative mevalonate-independent glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate/pyruvate pathway was found.
Direct digital drive modulation for optical interconnects (2012)

A method is described for directly interfacing electronic digital systems with optical modulators, without mediating circuitry. The application of the method is illustrated for two devices: electro-optical digital-to-analog converter and M-ary modulator for generating optical multi-level complex signals.
Circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna subarrays (2000)

The sequential rotation technique is used for the design of circularly polarized (CP) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) subarrays. Two configurations are considered. The first one employs linearly polarized (LP) DRA elements, whereas the other one uses CP DRA elements. The characteristics of the two configurations are compared and discussed. In the CP-element case, the performance of the subarray is also compared with that of the single-element configuration. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 27: 377–379, 2000.