gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of oat bran of sucrose-induced blood pressure elevations in SHR (1990)

To determine whether oat fiber influences BP, we gave spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) a diet high in sucrose and low in protein (calories: sucrose 52%, protein 15%, fat 33%) or a diet low in sucrose and high in protein (calories: sucrose 13%, protein 52%, fat 35%). The amount of fat in these particular diets has not been shown to influence BP, so we modified the 2 diets by replacing fat with oat bran (10% w/w). Accordingly, we examined 4 groups of 5 rats consuming different diets: high sucrose, high sucrose + oat bran, low sucrose, and low sucrose + oat bran. Not unexpectedly, SHR consuming the diet high in sucrose had a significantly higher BP after 2 weeks than those consuming the diet low in sucrose. The significant difference in BP continued over the next 3 weeks. At the end of 6 week duration of study, we found the following BP: SHR ingesting the high sucrose diet, 217 mm Hg +/- 5 (SEM) vs SHR consuming the low sucrose diet, 187 mm Hg +/- 4 (SEM) p less than .0001]. SHR eating the low sucrose diet and consuming supplemental bran showed no significant change in BP after 6 weeks compared to SHR eating the basic diet alone, 188 mm Hg +/- 6 (SEM); however, 5 SHR consuming the high sucrose diet with added oat bran showed a significantly lower BP 200 mm Hg +/- 2 (SEM) than SHR ingesting the basic high sucrose diet devoid of oat bran [p less than .01]. We conclude that addition of oat bran to the diet can ameliorate sucrose-induced BP elevations in SHR.
ON THE GEOMETRICAL ISOMERISM AND HYDROGEN BONDING IN β-SULFINYLENAMINES (1991)

Abstract Geometrical isomerism in β-sulfinylenamines was probed by means of correlation between the NOEs and relevant internuclear distances. The intramolecular hydrogen bond is discussed on the basis of 17-O NMR.
The prevalence and radiological findings in 1347 elderly patients with scoliosis (2010)

In order to determine the epidemiology of adult scoliosis in the elderly and to analyse the radiological parameters and symptoms related to adult scoliosis, we carried out a prospective cross-sectional radiological study on 1347 adult volunteers. There were 615 men and 732 women with a mean age of 73.3 years (60 to 94), and a mean Cobb angle of 7.55 degrees (sd 5.95). In our study, 478 subjects met the definition of scoliosis (Cobb angle > or = 10 degrees ) showing a prevalence of 35.5%. There was a significant difference in the epidemiological distribution and prevalence between the age and gender groups. The older adults showed a larger prevalence and more severe scoliosis, more prominent in women (p = 0.004). Women were more affected by adult scoliosis and showed more linear correlation with age (p < 0.001). Symptoms were more severe in those with scoliosis than in the normal group, but were similar between the mild, moderate and severe scoliosis groups (p = 0.224) and between men and women (p = 0.231). Adult scoliosis showed a significant relationship with lateral listhesis, vertebral rotation, lumbar hypolordosis, sagittal imbalance and a high level of the L4-5 disc (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.002, p = 0.002, p < 0.0001 respectively). Lateral listhesis, lumbar hypolordosis and sagittal imbalance were related to symptoms (p < 0.0001, p = 0.001, p < 0.0001 respectively).
Basic Investigation on Laser Processing. Relationship between Material Removal Volume and Sound Pressure Level. (1997)

It is well known that sound is generated when laser processing is carried out and its intensity changes according to the variations of processing conditions. The purpose of this research is to clarify experimentally the relationship between the material removal volume and the pressure level of processing sound. The main findings of this research are as follows. (1) At the case of laser drilling by a low frequency Q-switched YAG laser, the linear relationship can be obtained between the mean removal volume of ceramic material and the maximum sound pressure level around 14 kHz under the constant processing conditions of the laser power and the initial diameter of hole. (2) The relationship between the depth of groove which is processed by a high frequency Q-switched YAG laser and the value of sound pressure level can be represented by a linear equation when the initial width of groove is kept nearly constant.
Optimal parameters of single-mode LiNbO<sub>3</sub>:Ti waveguides for collinear acoustooptic interaction (1985)

It is shown that under the collinear acoustooptic interaction conditions there should be just one set of parameters of an anisotropic waveguide which can ensure the maximum interaction efficiency. A calculation is made of the influence of the increment in the refractive index on the efficiency of interaction at several wavelengths.
Ethical guidance for the management of conflicts of interest for researchers, engineers and clinicians engaged in the development of therapeutic deep brain stimulation (2011)

The clinical promise of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for neuropsychiatric conditions is coupled with the potential for ethical conflicts of interest because the work is so heavily reliant upon collaborations between academia, industry and the clinic. To foster transparency and public trust, we offer ethical guidance for the management of conflicts of interest in the conduct of DBS research and practice so that this nascent field can better balance competing goods and engineer new and better strategies for the amelioration of human suffering. We also hope that our ethical analysis will be of relevance to those working with other related neuroprosthetic devices, such brain-computer interfaces and neural arrays, which naturally share many of the same concerns.
Soil–Foundation–Structure Interaction (2014)

Prior to the 1971 San Fernando, California earthquake, nearly all damages to bridges during earthquakes were caused by ground failures, such as liquefaction, dierential settlement, slides, and/or spreading; little damage was caused by seismically induced vibrations. Vibratory response considerations had been limited primarily to wind excitations of large bridges, the great importance of which was made apparent by the failure of the Tacoma Narrows suspension bridge in the early 1940s, and to moving-loads and impact excitations of smaller bridges.
Mitochondrial Genome Sequence and Expression Profiling for the Legume Pod Borer Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (2011)

We report the assembly of the 14,054 bp near complete sequencing of the mitochondrial genome of the legume pod borer (LPB), Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), which we subsequently used to estimate divergence and relationships within the lepidopteran lineage. The arrangement and orientation of the 13 protein-coding, 2 rRNA, and 19 tRNA genes sequenced was typical of insect mitochondrial DNA sequences described to date. The sequence contained a high A+T content of 80.1% and a bias for the use of codons with A or T nucleotides in the 3rd position. Transcript mapping with midgut and salivary gland ESTs for mitochondrial genome annotation showed that translation from protein-coding genes initiates and terminates at standard mitochondrial codons, except for the coxI gene, which may start from an arginine CGA codon. The genomic copy of coxII terminates at a T nucleotide, and a proposed polyadenylation mechanism for completion of the TAA stop codon was confirmed by comparisons to EST data. EST contig data further showed that mature M. vitrata mitochondrial transcripts are monocistronic, except for bicistronic transcripts for overlapping genes nd4/nd4L and nd6/cytb, and a tricistronic transcript for atp8/atp6/coxIII. This processing of polycistronic mitochondrial transcripts adheres to the tRNA punctuated cleavage mechanism, whereby mature transcripts are cleaved only at intervening tRNA gene sequences. In contrast, the tricistronic atp8/atp6/coxIII in Drosophila is present as separate atp8/atp6 and coxIII transcripts despite the lack of an intervening tRNA. Our results indicate that mitochondrial processing mechanisms vary between arthropod species, and that it is crucial to use transcriptional information to obtain full annotation of mitochondrial genomes.
Application of a Web-enabled real-time structural health monitoring system for civil infrastructure systems (2004)

The system architecture of a novel structural health monitoring system that is optimized for the continuous real-time monitoring of dispersed civil infrastructures is presented. The monitoring system is based on a highly efficient multithreaded software design that allows the system to acquire data from a large number of channels, monitor and condition this data, and distribute it, in real time, over the Internet to multiple remote locations. Bandwidth and latency issues that impact the operation of monitoring systems are discussed. The application of the monitoring system under discussion to a long span, flexible bridge in the metropolitan Los Angeles region is described. The bridge had previously been instrumented with 26 strong motion accelerometers. Sample 'quick analysis' results continuously provided by the monitoring system are presented and interpreted. System identification results, obtained through off-line batch processing, are presented for a data set from a recent earthquake that automatically triggered the recording capability of the system. It is shown that, using a time domain system identification approach, the bridge stiffness and damping matrices can be identified from the earthquake data set and subsequently used to determine the bridge modal properties, such as frequencies and damping ratios. In this approach the bridge is modeled as a multi-input/multi-output system with order compatible with the number of available sensors. Implementation issues requiring further investigation are presented and discussed.
Efficacy and safety of gemtuzumab ozogamicin in patients with CD33-positive acute myeloid leukaemia in first relapse (2001)

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (CMA-676, Mylotarg, an antibody-targeted chemotherapy agent, was recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of patients with CD33+ acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in first relapse who are 60 years of age or older and who are not considered candidates for other types of cytotoxic chemotherapy. In combined Phase II studies of 142 patients with CD33+ AML in first relapse, gemtuzumab ozogamicin monotherapy was associated with a 30% overall response rate. While treated patients had relatively high incidences of myelosuppression, grade 3 or grade 4 hyperbilirubinaemia (23%) and elevated hepatic transaminases (17%), the incidences of grade 3 or grade 4 mucositis (4%) and infections (28%) were low compared with what might be expected in association with conventional chemotherapeutic treatment. In contrast with the usual in-patient administration of cytarabine and anthracycline-containing induction regimens, a large number of patients were treated with gemtuzumab ozogamicin as outpatients (38% and 41% for the first and second doses, respectively). Two prognostic factors for patients with AML in first relapse, age and duration of complete remission, had relatively little effect on response rates to gemtuzumab ozogamicin. Preliminary data in pediatric patients also suggest the immunoconjugate to be reasonably well tolerated. Studies of gemtuzumab ozogamicin in combination with anthracycline and cytarabine are underway. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, administered to patients with CD33+ AML in first relapse, has shown overall response rates comparable to conventional agents and a safety profile that appears to be favourable.
Analysis of grating-coupled radiation in GaAs:GaAlAs lasers and waveguides - I (1976)

Grating-coupled radiation in GaAs:GaAlAs lasers and waveguides is analyzed. A general formulation is developed for arbitrary-shaped gratings which need not be small in size. Two methods are used to solve the resulting equations in the case of rectangular-shaped gratings. The first is a perturbation technique and the second is iterative in nature. The iterative procedure converges to a numerical exact solution in many cases of practical interest and indicates that the perturbation results are quite accurate. Curves are presented for radiated power from traveling waves as a function of grating tooth height, tooth width, refractive index, waveguide thickness, and period for rectangular gratings in heterostructure waveguiding geometries. It is shown that radiation is not a monotonically increasing function of tooth height, but rather maxima occur when the teeth are half the optical wavelength in the material. Also, in particular geometries with an air:GaAs grating interface, radiated power of a mode can exceed 100 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> .
Influence of the interface bond type on the far-infrared reflectivity of InAs/GaSb superlattices (1995)

We have investigated the far-infrared reflectivity spectra of two series of InAs/GaSb superlattices grown with GaAs- or InSb-like interfaces. Significant differences in the spectra induced by the interface bond type can be observed. The theoretical simulation of the experimental data allowed us to accurately determine the energy of the interface TO phonons and the actual thickness of the region in which they are localized. The inactivity of the InAs TO phonon vibration at the interface can be explained by modeling a nonhomogeneous strain accommodation across the heterointerfaces.
Population‐Based Surveillance for Postpartum Invasive Group A Streptococcus Infections, 1995–2000 (2002)

Estimates of disease burden and data on the sources of invasive postpartum group A streptococcus (GAS) infections will help guide public health action. Active, population-based surveillance was conducted in 9 regions from 1995 through 2000. A case of GAS infection was defined as isolation of GAS from a sterile site in a resident of a surveillance area who was pregnant or in the postpartum period. Census and live birth data were used to calculate rates. Eighty-seven cases of postpartum GAS infection (2.2% of 3957 invasive GAS infections) occurred at 3%-8% of hospitals annually. We estimate that 220 cases occurred annually in the United States. Two or more cases were noted during 6 months at 8 hospitals, during 1 year at 13 hospitals, and during 2 years at 16 hospitals. Cases due to identical emm types clustered more frequently than expected by chance. Although postpartum GAS infections are rare, the clustering of infections due to identical strains suggests that some invasive cases may have a common source and, therefore, may be preventable.
Changes in Sensitization Rates to Pollen Allergens in Allergic Patients in the Southern Part of Gyeonggi Province Over the Last 10 Years (2011)

Background: Pollen is a typical outdoor allergen, which is known as a major factor causing respiratory allergic diseases. Objective: This study was designed to observe changes in the sensitization rate to pollen allergens and their characteristics in the southern part of Gyeonggi Province over the last 10 years. Method: Targeting 7,103 patients in total, the results of allergy skin prick tests were obtained in 1999, 2005 and 2008. We assessed changes in skin reactivity to 13 major inhalant allergens, including alder, oak and beech, that cause pollinosis in spring as well as mugwort, ragweed and Hop J pollens that cause pollinosis in autumn, based on the rates of allergen/histamine wheal responses. Higher ratios than 1 were regarded as positive results. Result: The sensitization rates to tree pollens were increased gradually in 1999, 2005 and 2008. The sensitization rates to alder were 5.5% in 1999, 6.2%in 2005 and 9% in 2008 those to oak were 6.7% in 1999, 8.5% in 2005 and 9.6% in 2008. Also, the sensitization rates to weed pollens were increased gradually in 1999, 2005 and 2008 as well. The sensitization rates to mugwort were 11.3% in 1999, 13.1% in 2005 and 15.2% in 2008; those to Hop J were 7.1% in 1999, 8.0% in 2005 and 9.6% in 2008. Especially in cases of Hop J, the proportion of patients with high rates (more than 5+) tended to increase from 27.5% in 1999 to 31.3% in 2005 and 36.9% in 2008. The time point where the sensitization rate started to obviously increase was advanced from September to July, which implies the extension of the sensitization period. Conclusion: The sensitization rates to tree and weed pollens have increased significantly in the southern part of Gyeonggi Province over the last 10 years, which has been noted among the patients at different ages, especially young children and adults over their 40s. An increase in the degree of skin reactivity and the extension of the sensitization period were observed in cases of Hop J. (Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;31:33-40) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏
A probabilistic model for multiaxial high cycle fatigue (2007)

ABSTRACT A probabilistic framework developed to model multiaxial high cycle fatigue tests is proposed. Up to now, with a probabilistic point of view (i.e., Weibull law), models account for the stress heterogeneity effect by introducing the concept of effective volume. It is proposed to extend this concept to multiaxial load histories. It consists in introducing a factor representing the distribution of activated slip directions. The non‐proportionality effect is taken into account with no additional parameter with respect to traditional (i.e., Weibull) probabilistic approaches. The proposed model is validated on a large experimental data base and compared with other models.
Neural Probabilistic Forecasting of Symbolic Sequences With Long Short-Term Memory (2018)

This paper makes use of long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks for forecasting probability distributions of time series in terms of discrete symbols that are quantized from real-valued data. The developed framework formulates the forecasting problem into a probabilistic paradigm as hΘ: X × Y → [0, 1] such that ∑y∈YhΘ(x,y)=1, where X is the finite-dimensional state space, Y is the symbol alphabet, and Θ is the set of model parameters. The proposed method is different from standard formulations (e.g., autoregressive moving average (ARMA)) of time series modeling. The main advantage of formulating the problem in the symbolic setting is that density predictions are obtained without any significantly restrictive assumptions (e.g., second-order statistics). The efficacy of the proposed method has been demonstrated by forecasting probability distributions on chaotic time series data collected from a laboratory-scale experimental apparatus. Three neural architectures are compared, each with 100 different combinations of symbol-alphabet size and forecast length, resulting in a comprehensive evaluation of their relative performances.
Low noise semiconductor-based mode-locked laser at 800 nm suitable for high bandwidth photonic analogdigital conversion (2014)

We report in this paper a low noise mode-locked laser at 800 nm designed for high bandwidth photonic A/D converter based on a photoconductive switch approach. The laser uses a semiconductor optical amplifier implemented in a long fibred ring cavity with a high quality factor including an intensity modulator and a chirped Bragg filter. Active and harmonic mode-locking lead to optical pulses with repetition rates in the few GHz range and an average optical power of 6 mW. Thanks to cavity dispersion management and the use of a compact fibred external compressor, pulse duration of 4.7 ps is obtained for a repetition rate of 2.01 GHz. At this repetition rate, a timing jitter of 34 fs, for integration frequencies from 10 Hz to 1 MHz, is obtained with a non-stabilized laser source. Implemented in a compact volume with all COTS components, the developped laser source is the ideal one for a photo-switch based A/D converter.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Martinelline and Martinellic Acid. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
High-field harmonic generation in the tight-focusing limit (1996)

We report measurements of seventh-harmonic generation in xenon, using a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser operating at ∼763 nm, at intensities of as much as 2 × 1014 W/cm2. Several atomic levels in xenon are nearly resonant with the seventh harmonic; as a consequence, the phase mismatch exhibits strong variations as a function of frequency. As a result of the tight-focusing condition, these variations are mapped directly onto the spectrum of the harmonic radiation. We have measured the pressure and the intensity dependences of the harmonic signal, and we report an unusual recurrence of the signal at moderately high pressures, which may also be related to resonance effects. The tight-focusing geometry, in which the variations in the phase mismatch may most easily be observed, affords the opportunity for investigations of the spectroscopy of bound states in the presence of extremely high fields.
SNP discovery in the bovine milk transcriptome using RNA-Seq technology (2010)

High-throughput sequencing of RNA (RNA-Seq) was developed primarily to analyze global gene expression in different tissues. However, it also is an efficient way to discover coding SNPs. The objective of this study was to perform a SNP discovery analysis in the milk transcriptome using RNA-Seq. Seven milk samples from Holstein cows were analyzed by sequencing cDNAs using the Illumina Genome Analyzer system. We detected 19,175 genes expressed in milk samples corresponding to approximately 70% of the total number of genes analyzed. The SNP detection analysis revealed 100,734 SNPs in Holstein samples, and a large number of those corresponded to differences between the Holstein breed and the Hereford bovine genome assembly Btau4.0. The number of polymorphic SNPs within Holstein cows was 33,045. The accuracy of RNA-Seq SNP discovery was tested by comparing SNPs detected in a set of 42 candidate genes expressed in milk that had been resequenced earlier using Sanger sequencing technology. Seventy of 86 SNPs were detected using both RNA-Seq and Sanger sequencing technologies. The KASPar Genotyping System was used to validate unique SNPs found by RNA-Seq but not observed by Sanger technology. Our results confirm that analyzing the transcriptome using RNA-Seq technology is an efficient and cost-effective method to identify SNPs in transcribed regions. This study creates guidelines to maximize the accuracy of SNP discovery and prevention of false-positive SNP detection, and provides more than 33,000 SNPs located in coding regions of genes expressed during lactation that can be used to develop genotyping platforms to perform marker-trait association studies in Holstein cattle.
Photoinduced, Copper-Catalyzed Alkylation of Amides with Unactivated Secondary Alkyl Halides at Room Temperature (2014)

The development of a mild and general method for the alkylation of amides with relatively unreactive alkyl halides (i.e., poor substrates for SN2 reactions) is an ongoing challenge in organic synthesis. We describe herein a versatile transition-metal-catalyzed approach: in particular, a photoinduced, copper-catalyzed monoalkylation of primary amides. A broad array of alkyl and aryl amides (as well as a lactam and a 2-oxazolidinone) couple with unactivated secondary (and hindered primary) alkyl bromides and iodides using a single set of comparatively simple and mild conditions: inexpensive CuI as the catalyst, no separate added ligand, and C-N bond formation at room temperature. The method is compatible with a variety of functional groups, such as an olefin, a carbamate, a thiophene, and a pyridine, and it has been applied to the synthesis of an opioid receptor antagonist. A range of mechanistic observations, including reactivity and stereochemical studies, are consistent with a coupling pathway that includes photoexcitation of a copper-amidate complex, followed by electron transfer to form an alkyl radical.