gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From Tragedy to Triumph in the Pursuit of Looted Art: Altmann, Benningson, Portrait of Wally, Von Saher and Their Progeny, 15 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 394 (2016) (2016)

This article is a broad and approachable overview of American law regarding the potential repatriation of Nazi-looted art—an area which the author and his now-retired partner, Randy Schoenberg, helped develop from the ground up starting with the development of the Altmann case, decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in 2004, and continuing on through a number of fascinating looted-art cases of a more recent vintage. Parts of the article read as much like a detective story as a summary of cases and Mr. Burris has been kind enough to share both his approach to these cases and his prognosis for the future development of American, international and administrative law principles applicable to this fascinating subject.
Energy Consumption and Running Time for Trains : modelling of running resistance and driver behaviour based on full scale testing (2001)

The accuracy in determined energy consumption and runningtime of trains, by means of computer simulation, is dependent upon the various models used. This thesis aims at developing validated models of running resistance, train and of a generaldriver, all based on full scale testing. A partly new simple methodology for determining running resistance, called by energy coasting method is developed and demonstrated. An error analysis for this methodis performed. Running resistance of high speed train SJ X2000, conventional loco hauled passenger trains and freight trains is systematically parameterised. Influence of speed, number of axles, axle load, track type, train length,and train configuration is studied. A model taking into account the ground boundary layer for determining the influence ofmeasured head and tail wind is developed. Different factors and parameters of a train, that are vital for the accuracy in computed energy consumption and runningtime are identified, analysed and finally synthesized into a train model. Empirical models of the braking and the traction system, including the energy efficiency, are developed for the electrical locomotive of typeSJ Rc4, without energy regeneration. Driver behaviour is studied for freight trains and a couple of driving describing parametersare proposed. An empirical model of freight train driver behaviour is developed from fullscale testing and observations. A computer program, a simulator, is developed in Matlabcode, making use of the determined runningresistance and the developed models of train and driver. The simulator calculates the energy consumption and running time ofa single train. Comparisons between simulations and corresponding measurements are made. Finally, the influence of driving on energy consumption and running time is studied and demonstrated in some examples. The main conclusions are that: The method developed for determining running resistanceis quite simple and accurate. It can be used on any train andon any track. The running resistance of tested trains includes some interesting knowledge which is partly believed to be new. Mechanical running resistance is less than proportional to the actual axle load. Air drag increases approximately linearly with train length and the effect of measured head and tail wind on the air drag can be calculated if the groundboundary layer is considered. The developed train model, including running resistance, traction, braking etc. is quite accurate, as verified for the investigated trains. The driver model together with the train model insimulations, is verified against measurements and shows good agreement for energy consumption and running time. It is recommended to use a driver model, when calculating energy consumption and running times for trains. Otherwise, the energy consumption will most likely be over-estimated.This has been demonstrated for Swedish ordinary freighttrains.
Optical receiver design using pyroelectric detectors (1979)

An optical receiver operable over a broad spectral range of the infrared region is possible using a pyroelectric point detector. The pyroelectric detector is modeled as a transducer of thermal radiation to an electrical signal cascaded with an R-C network. The pyroelectric signal is amplified by a preamplifier network. The sensor is, therefore, modeled as a linear bandpass filter. The preamplifier is configured in two modes, the voltage mode which limits the response to a narrow electrical bandwidth, and the current mode which broadens the response over a wide electrical bandwidth. The responsivity bandwidth product is dependent upon the preamplifier components determined by the mode of operation. However, pulse widths and pulse repetition rates can be calculated without regard to mode of operation. The detector performance is theoretically limited by fluctuations of the incident radiation and is practically constrained by the thermally generated noise within the preamplifier components. The optical receiver signal processing consists of a whitening filter cascaded with a matched filter. The filter network is used to optimally process the sensor output. The processing scheme provides a signal-to-noise improvement of 1 million over straight detection. (Author)
[3+2] Cycloaddition of Chiral Azomethine Ylides from Aminosugar N-Oxides. Enantioselective Synthesis of 3,4-Disubstituted Pyrrolidines (1992)

AlmramThe hase dcprotonation mclhod, applied to amino-sugar N-oxides prepared from methyl 2,3anhydm-4.60-benzylidcne-a-D-mannopynnosdc(8) and mchyl2.3-anhydm-4.6-0-bcnzylidene-a-Dallopyranosidc(9).allows thc caay gcneration of complcx and very reactive sugar azomethine ylides.Fair yields of h c major diastcrcomcric pyrrolidincs resulting from 13+21 cycloaddition to stilbene are lhus ohwincd with gmd asymrnclric induction.Thc casy elimination ofthc chiral appendage as staning cpoxide gives acccss lo thc cn;mliomcrically cnrichcd 3.44iphcnylpynnlidincs.1.3-Dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides to olefins represents a powerful access to pyrrolidines.lNevertheless, until recently,2.3little was known about the asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of chiral azomethine ylides to achiral dipolamphiles.
Multiplication Free Adaptive Digital Filter (1987)

Multiplication free adaptive digital filtering algorithms are discussed. The proposed. The proposed algorithm uses delta modulation digital filter and the relevant filter weights are updated using the SIGN algorithms to realize an adaptive digital filter without multiplication operations. It is shown that the resulting algorithm can be implemented using simple up/down counting operations. The convergence characteristics of the proposed adaptive digital filtering algorithm and .others are investigated for a system identification problem.
[The detection of minimal residual disease in leukemia by in vitro DNA amplification]. (1991)

In vitro amplification of genomic or cDNA sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of the most powerful tools in recent molecular biology. More than 10(5) copies of DNA sequence ranging from 50 bp to 7 kb can be synthesized in a couple of hours. Ever since its development, PCR has attracted much attention because this strategy would allow the detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) at a very low level. The first successful application of this ultra-sensitive technique was the detection of residual tumor cells carrying a 14;18 translocation in follicular lymphoma. The abnormal transcripts caused by 9;22 translocation in chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) was also exploited for the amplification to detect the MRD. These techniques have successfully shown the detection of one leukemic cell in 100,000 normal cells. Besides leukemic specific sequences caused by chromosome and gene translocations, unique sequences caused by rearrangements in IgH or TCR gamma, delta chain genes have been used as clonal markers for tumor cells. By targetting these sequences for PCR amplification, almost all ALL patients can be analyzed for MRD. The successive measurement of MRD might contribute to improvement of treatments for leukemic patients.
Evidence Found for a Possible 'Aggression Gene' (1993)

Researchers in the Netherlands are on the track of a genetic mutation in a large Dutch family that may cause periodic outbursts of aggression in its possessors. Han G. Brunner and his colleagues at Univ. Hospital in Nijmegen report evidence suggesting that a mutation in the gene for monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) may underlie the aggressive and sometimes violent behavior displayed by certain males in this family. A linkage between MAOA gene defect and behavioral problems would make biological sense because the enzyme encoded by the gene helps break down several neurotransmitters that might, if their concentrations build up abnormally, cause a person to respond excessively-and at times even violently-to stress. If this original report is borne out by further work, it would be the first time that a specific gene defect has been found to predispose its bearers to aggressive behavior. Using markers for the X chromosome, Brunner and his colleagues identified the MAO gene region as the likely site for the diseased gene.
Optimizing ESP Performance in the Kharyaga Field (2013)

Abstract Total E&P Russie (TEPR) has been operating in Kharyaga field in Komi Republic, Russia, since 1999 under a production sharing agreement (PSA) signed in 1995. Two oil-bearing carbonate reservoirs, Object 2 and Object 3, are produced under the terms of the PSA. The upper Object 3 is pressure supported by an active aquifer. The lower Object 2 was initially produced by depletion before initiating water injection to maintain pressure above bubble pressure. Most of the wells are unable to produce in natural flow and have to be activated. Primarily because of high H2S content, dissolved gas, and wax in the produced oil, well conditions in Kharyaga field are considered harsh for ESP operations. These conditions affected ESP performance and run life, causing premature ESP failures. The project started in 1995 with the evaluation and completion of three existing wells in the Object 2 reservoir. These wells started producing under natural flow in 1999. The phase 2 drilling campaign started in 2001 and completed in 2007 with an increase of the well count by 10 producer and 3 injector wells. Because of reservoir depletion caused by existing production activities, all oil producers were equipped with electrical submersible pump (ESP) systems to help increase overall field production. The pressure support was provided by the adjacent water injector wells. In 2008, TEPR started the phase 3 drilling campaign, which is still ongoing. All 20 producers and 10 injectors drilled to date are equipped with Schlumberger ESPs. Data comparing 2004 to the present shows drastic improvement of ESP performance as a result of the implementation of several ESP design modifications in combination with increased attention to ESP operational procedures and detailed analysis of downhole parameters. As a result of the mutual efforts from TEPR and Schlumberger, the ESP mean time between failures (MTBF) has increased by approximately three times with an overall increase in field production and a reduced number of workovers due to failed ESPs. The average run life of installed ESPs has increased to 1,052 days. Schlumberger has been the company’s supplier for ESP equipment, associated services, and maintenance since 2004, and, in July 2011, services were extended for an additional 3 years.
A Role for VNIS in Real-Time Control of Signalized Networks? (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper dicusses what signal control can do for VNIS as well as what VNIS can do for signal control, with emphasis on the latter. It discusses the implications of VNIS information for signal optimization. Specifically it evaluates VNIS as a catalyst for traffic control, estimating the contribution to real-time signal optimization provided by various levels of VNIS-equipped drivers.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">It recommends that studies be conducted to provide quantitative estimates of the practical utility of lead time in predicting time of arrival to a signalized intersection, and of contributions provided by a VNIS system as a function of density of VNIS beacons and percent of VNIS-equipped drivers. The value of VNIS information to traffic control, in conjunction with and as a replacement for fixed-location traffic detection can aid in the design of an ultimate VNIS system, and helps to justify costs that can be related and allocated to the various benefits that VNIS provides to the traffic control element.</div>
RBAC-Based Access Control for SaaS Systems (2010)

SaaS (Software as a Service) deliver software as a service over the Internet, eliminating the need to install and run the application on the customers' own computers and simplifying maintenance and support. Access control is an important information security mechanism, according to user identity and the attribution of a predefined group of users to restrict access to certain information items, and limit the use of certain functions. In view of the features of multi-tenant, if we apply existing access control methods to SaaS systems directly, the following problems will appear: (1) role name conflicts (2) cross-level management (3) the isomerism of tenants' access control. This paper propose the S-RBAC model which can be applied to SaaS systems, this model extends from the RBAC model and ARBAC97 model, it uses layered structures to achieve system-level and tenant-level access control, solves the SaaS system access control problems. And we put forward a way to implement the access control module for SaaS systems based on S-RBAC model.
The 5' end of the BRCA1 gene lies within a duplicated region of human chromosome 17q21. (1996)

To begin to address the hypothesis that abnormal regulation of the breast/ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 is a critical step in sporadic breast/ovarian tumorigenesis, we have determined the detailed structure of the BRCA1 genomic region. We show that this region of the genome contains a tandem duplication of approximately 30 kilobases, which results in two copies of BRCA1 exons 1 and 2, of exons 1 and 3 of the adjacent 1A1-3B gene and of the previously reported 295 base pair intergenic region. Sequence analysis of the duplicated exons of BRCA1 and 1A1-3B and flanking genomic DNA reveals maintenance of the intron-exon structure and a high degree of nucleotide sequence identity, suggesting that these are non-processed pseudogenes and that the duplication is a recent event in evolutionary terms. We also show that a processed pseudogene of the acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P1 (ARPP1) is inserted directly upstream of pseudo-BRCA1 exon 1A. We believe that these findings could not only confound BRCA1 mutation analysis, but could have implications for the normal and abnormal regulation of BRCA1 transcription, translation and function.
DNA analyses in wheat breeding (1989)

A simplified procedure of sample preparation for the isolation of DNA (accessible to restriction fragment length polymorphism, RFLP, mapping) from wheat leaf material is presented. The procedure utilizes a sap extractor and approximately 500 samples can be processed in 1 week. The ability to handle this number of samples makes it feasible to interact with a plant breeding programme when a particularly valuable DNA marker is available. Three examples of analysing large populations are presented to demonstrate the application of the modified procedure to isolating DNA from wheat leaves.Key words: techniques, restriction fragment length polymorphism, genomic DNA isolation.
Radiotherapy in practice - radioisotope therapy (2007)

Abstract This resource is an essential, practical guide to the use of radioisotope therapy, and also includes the background and developmental biology which underpins its use. Individual tumours and diseases are explored, with specific focus given to radioisotope treatment options. The barriers to radioisotope therapy, such as ease of access, acquisition of radioisotopes, radiation protection regulations, and cost are also discussed.
Random testing and model checking (2008)

Two popular forms of dynamic analysis, random testing and explicit-state software model checking, are perhaps best viewed as search strategies for exploring the state spaces introduced by nondeterminism in program inputs. We present an approach that enables this nondeterminism to be expressed in the SPIN model checker's PROMELA language, and then lets users generate either model checkers or random testers from a single harness for a tested C program. Our approach makes it easy to compare model checking and random testing for models with precisely the same input ranges and probabilities and allows us to mix random testing with model checking's exhaustive exploration of non-determinism. The PROMELA language, as intended in its design, serves as a convenient notation for expressing nondeterminism and mixing random choices with nondeterministic choices. We present and discuss a comparison of random testing and model checking. The results derive from using our framework to test a C program with an effectively infinite state space, a module in JPL's next Mars rover mission. More generally, we show how the ability of the SPIN model checker to call C code can be used to extend SPIN's features, and hope to inspire others to use the same methods to implement dynamic analyses that can make use of efficient state storage, matching, and backtracking.
Fluorescence Imaging-Based High-Throughput Screening of Fast- and Slow-Cycling LOV Proteins (2013)

Light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) domains function as blue light-inducible molecular switches. The photosensory LOV domains derived from plants and fungi have provided an indispensable tool for optogenetics. Here we develop a high-throughput screening system to efficiently improve switch-off kinetics of LOV domains. The present system is based on fluorescence imaging of thermal reversion of a flavin cofactor bound to LOV domains. We conducted multi site-directed random mutagenesis of seven amino acid residues surrounding the flavin cofactor of the second LOV domain derived from Avena sativa phototropin 1 (AsLOV2). The gene library was introduced into Escherichia coli cells. Then thermal reversion of AsLOV2 variants, respectively expressed in different bacterial colonies on agar plate, was imaged with a stereoscopic fluorescence microscope. Based on the mutagenesis and imaging-based screening, we isolated 12 different variants showing substantially faster thermal reversion kinetics than wild-type AsLOV2. Among them, AsLOV2-V416T exhibited thermal reversion with a time constant of 2.6 s, 21-fold faster than wild-type AsLOV2. With a slight modification of the present approach, we also have efficiently isolated 8 different decelerated variants, represented by AsLOV2-V416L that exhibited thermal reversion with a time constant of 4.3 × 10(3) s (78-fold slower than wild-type AsLOV2). The present approach based on fluorescence imaging of the thermal reversion of the flavin cofactor is generally applicable to a variety of blue light-inducible molecular switches and may provide a new opportunity for the development of molecular tools for emerging optogenetics.
The Prevention of Pain from Injection of Rocuronium by Magnesium Sulphate, Lignocaine, Sodium Bicarbonate and Alfentanil (2003)

We compared the efficacy of magnesium sulphate, lignocaine, sodium bicarbonate or alfentanil in minimizing pain due to injection of rocuronium in 250 patients. After tourniquet application on the forearm, the patients were given saline, magnesium sulphate, lignocaine, sodium bicarbonate 8.4% or alfentanil, diluted into a 3 ml solution. The occlusion was released after 20 seconds, and rocuronium was injected over 10 to 15 seconds. The patients were observed and asked immediately if they had pain in the arm and the response was assessed. Reactions such as discomfort and pain, withdrawal of the hand and screaming after the administering of the rocuronium were recorded as side-effects and patients were reassessed at 24 hours postoperatively. We concluded that magnesium sulphate, lignocaine, sodium bicarbonate or alfentanil decreased the level of rocuronium injection pain. Of these drugs, magnesium sulphate, lignocaine and sodium bicarbonate were the most effective while alfentanil was the least effective.
A FSA-based approach for mining sequential patterns with user-specified skeletons (2003)

Mining time sequential patterns is an important aspect of data mining. The conventional methods of data mining are faced with the disturbance of generating a large number of potential useless rules. An effective method to this problem is that user specifies a group of skeletons for the patterns to be mined. A mining approach based on time window can generate the user-specified patterns by transiting them into finite-state automata. Compared with the general mining methods focusing on sequential data consisting of single event at a point, this paper presents a method of knowledge mining from sequential data consisting of event-sets. Rules mined from database of rice-insect show that this method generates some time sequential patterns about the regularities of rice insect.
I Guideline for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care - Brazilian Society of Cardiology: Executive Summary (2013)

Despite advances related to the prevention and treatment in the past few years, many lives are lost to cardiac arrest and cardiovascular events in general in Brazil every year. Basic Life Support involves cardiovascular emergency treatment mainly in the pre-hospital environment, with emphasis on the early recognition and delivery of cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers focused on high-quality thoracic compressions and rapid defibrillation by means of the implementation of public access-to-defibrillation programs. These aspects are of the utmost importance and may make the difference on the patient's outcomes, such as on hospital survival with no permanent neurological damage. Early initiation of the Advanced Cardiology Life Support also plays an essential role by keeping the quality of thoracic compressions; adequate airway management; specific treatment for the different arrest rhythms; defibrillation; and assessment and treatment of the possible causes during all the assistance. More recently, emphasis has been given to post-resuscitation care, with the purpose of reducing mortality by means of early recognition and treatment of the post-cardiac arrest syndrome. Therapeutic hypothermia has provided significant improvement of neurological damage and should be performed in comatose individuals post-cardiac arrest. For physicians working in the emergency department or intensive care unit, it is extremely important to improve the treatment given to these patients by means of specific training, thus giving them the chance of higher success and of better survival rates.
A Novel Heart Rate Detection Algorithm in Ballistocardiogram Based on Wavelet Transform (2009)

The heart's mechanical activity while pumping out blood causes the vibration of physical and the object connecting with physical. The vibration is rhythmically with the heart rate and record as ballistocardiogram (BCG) on the spinal axis of the body. It is able to know humanpsilas heart rate by measuring the vibration. BCG is weak non-stationary random signal and contains a lot of noise caused by the impact of human and equipment. So heart rate detection from the original acquisition BCG is difficult. Through discrete sequence wavelet transform, BCG is preprocessed by translation invariant method based on adaptive threshold wavelet shrinkage. Choosing proper wavelet base and adaptive threshold function, estimating the noise variance are done at the same time. The characteristics of BCG are retained while eliminating noise. Based on de-noised BCG, the heart rate of subject is detected by using pseudo-period detection method. A single channel ECG is recorded synchronously to test the veracity. The result shows that it is the same as heart rate gained from ECG.