gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determining Site of Skin Puncture for Percutaneous Renal Access Using Fluoroscopy-Guided Triangulation Technique (2009)

This technique helps to determine the correct site of skin puncture in the fluoroscopy-guided triangulation technique. It leads to a tract that is of optimum length, proper direction, and is in alignment with the infundibulum.
Resonance Light Scattering and Its Application in Determining the Size, Shape, and Aggregation Number for Supramolecular Assemblies of Chromophores (1999)

Resonance light scattering (RLS) on supramolecular assemblies of chromophores is a sensitive and selective method to extract size and shape information, but the interpretation of the data is complicated by the large amount of absorption present. By combining extinction and RLS measurements on the same samples of acidified tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine (H4TPPS), a technique is described whereby the scattering spectrum can be “corrected” for absorption. An additional benefit of this analysis is that the spectrum obtained for these solutions on a spectrophotometer, which is really an extinction spectrum, can be parsed into its absorption and scattering components. The results demonstrate that scattering contributes significantly to the aggregate peak in the extinction spectrum. Knowledge of the absorption and scattering components allows an estimation of the average aggregation number to be made, which for these solutions is on the order of 105−106. In addition, static and dynamic light scattering measurements provide evidence for a rodlike aggregate with about 10 000 molecules along its length and about 20 molecules across its diameter.
Validation of use of the Nageotte hemocytometer to count low levels of white cells in white cell‐reduced platelet components (1994)

These studies provide data to confirm that the 50-microL Nageotte hemocytometer can be used to accurately count low levels of WBCs in platelet components.
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Overview of Wireless Sensor Networks Technological Background Features of This Book Organization of This Book References
The effects of mobile radio channel bandwidth reduction on spectrum usage (1979)

The paper discusses the implications of channel splitting and examines the objections which have been raised against reducing channel widths below 25 kHz. It shows that, although the intermodulation products multiply in number, with suitable planning procedures the increase, if anything, tends to improve the choice of frequencies to be allocated. This is particularly so in the case of two frequency operation. Reuse is examined in relation to various layout configurations and shows clearly that spectrum efficiency is improved as bandwidths are reduced.
RisCal -- A Risk Estimation Tool for Software Engineering Purposes (2013)

Decision making in software engineering requires the consideration of risk information. The reliability of risk information is strongly influenced by the underlying risk estimation process which consists of the steps risk identification, risk analysis and risk prioritization. In this paper we present a novel risk estimation tool for software engineering pruposes called RisCal. RisCal is based on a generic risk model and supports the integration of manually and automatically determined metrics into the risk estimation. This makes the tool applicable for arbitrary software engineering activities like risk-based testing or release planning. We show how RisCal supports risk identification, analysis and prioritizations, provide an estimation example, and discuss its application to risk-based testing and release planning.
ESD Protection Design to Overcome Internal Damage on Interface Circuits of a CMOS IC With Multiple Separated Power Pins (2004)

This paper reports a real case of electrostatic discharge (ESD) improvement on a complementary metal oxide semiconductor integrated circuit (IC) product with multiple separated power pins. After ESD stresses, the internal damage have been found to locate at the interface circuit connecting between different circuit blocks with different power supplies. Some ESD designs have been implemented to rescue this IC product to meet the required ESD specification. By adding only an extra ESD clamp N-channel metal oxide semiconductor with a channel width of 10 /spl mu/m between the interface node and the ground line, the human-body-model (HBM) ESD level of this IC product can be improved from the original 0.5 to 3 kV. By connecting the separated vertical sync signal (VSS) power lines through the ESD conduction circuit to a common VSS ESD bus realized by the seal ring, the HBM ESD level of the enhanced version IC product with 12 separated power supplies pairs can be significantly improved from original 1 kV up to > 5 kV, without the noise coupling issue.
A simulation environment for hardware-software codesign (2002)

Our goal is to create a simulation environment for hardware-software codesign. It is important to perform simulation of the hardware/software system at various stages of the codesign process. In our environment the hardware and software are viewed as two independent processes in which the hardware is described in a hardware description language and the software is written in a programming language. The processes can be placed on separate machines and run in parallel. Analysis of the environment has shown that significant simulation speed-ups can be achieved if a high degree of parallelism exists between the hardware and software and if there is a sufficient amount of computational CPU time in the software process.
A comparison of therapeutic schedules for administering granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to nonhuman primates after high-dose chemotherapy (1992)

Abstract Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been shown to be effective in clinical trials for reducing the period of neutropenia after chemotherapy. In this study, we compared the timing for initiating G-CSF administration after chemotherapy with the duration of neutropenia and hematopoietic regeneration. Nonhuman primates treated with high-dose chemotherapy (mechloroethamine, 1.5 mg/kg, intravenously) and not administered G-CSF therapy experienced 8 days of neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] less than 1,000/mm3) and had an ANC nadir of 124 +/- 64/mm3 at day 7. Monkeys receiving G-CSF (5 micrograms/kg/d, subcutaneously) began treatment on either days 1, 3, 5, or 7 after chemotherapy. Monkeys treated with G-CSF had an earlier ANC recovery and the number of days with an ANC less than 500/mm3 and ANC less than 1,000/mm3 was reduced by approximately 50% in all treatment strategies. All G-CSF-treated animals, irrespective of the time that G-CSF was initiated, reached an ANC of 10,000/mm3 on day 13 +/- 1 day after chemotherapy. These results demonstrated that the duration of G-CSF therapy was almost twice as long for monkeys treated on day 1 as it was for monkeys that received therapy beginning on day 7. A comparison of the results for all treated monkeys identified a distinct difference in the responses of monkeys treated on day 1 from that of animals treated with G-CSF at later times. G-CSF initiated 1 day after chemotherapy led to an earlier onset of neutropenia and a more rapid and augmented recovery of myeloid progenitor cells in the peripheral blood when compared with control and delayed therapy groups. This study demonstrates that neutropenia due to a single dose of mechloroethamine can be equally reduced with both early and delayed initiation of G-CSF. Further, initiating G-CSF therapy after 7 days required approximately 50% less days of therapy to reach an appropriate termination point. The applicability of these findings to other chemotherapy regimens and for repeated cycles is uncertain and needs to be further evaluated. This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use.
Cardiac Arrests and Deaths Associated with Malignant Hyperthermia in North America from 1987 to 2006 (2008)

Modern US anesthetic practice did not prevent MH-associated cardiac arrest and death in predominantly young, healthy patients undergoing low- to intermediate-risk surgical procedures.
ROLE OF CRACKS ON STRENGTH, DUCTILITY AND DURABILITY (2003)

Failure of concrete under load occurs in three phases: 1) distributed microcracking, 2) development of a macrocrack through the coalescence of microcracks and 3) macrocrack widening. This process governs the mechanical response of the material and has a strong impact on the durability of the concrete and the structure in which it is used. The strength of concrete, typically determined by the macrocrack development, can be increased by densifying the matrix through the use of low water-to-cement ratios and supplementary cementitious materials. However, this occurs at the expense of ductility, which is derived from energy-absorbing, distributed cracking. Conventional macrofibre reinforcement, with fibres greater than 0.5 mm in diameter, can slow the opening of macrocracks and impart postpeak ductility to the material. However, the presence of macrocracks provides avenues for the ingress of water and aggressive water-borne agents that can limit durability of concrete. Microfibre reinforcement, with fibre diameters less than 0.03 mm, slows the process by which microcracks evolve into macrocracks and so reduces permeability. To maximize the ductility and durability of concrete, crack development must be controlled. A hybrid blend of micro- and macrofibres is one method to achieve this control. INTRODUCTION CONTROLLING CRACKING IN CONCRETE CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES
Detection of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> DNA in recurrent aphthous stomatitis tissue by PCR (2000)

Helicobacter pylori is recognised as being an aetiological agent of chronic active gastritis and peptic ulcer disease and has been associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. The natural reservoir for H. pylori is unknown, although the oral cavity has been the focus of much attention in this respect. Given the histological similarities between gastric and oral ulceration, it seemed prudent to investigate a possible association between H. pylori and recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). In this study, the potential involvement of H. pylori in the aetiology of RAS was investigated using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Biopsies from 28 RAS patients were analysed, in addition to 20 oral lichen planus (OLP) and 13 normal biopsies that were used as controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from biopsies, and confirmation of successful extraction of PCR-amplifiable DNA was achieved by carrying out PCR on each DNA sample with nested primers specific for the human beta-haemoglobin gene. PCR identification of H. pylori was carried out using a primer pair specific for the H. pylori 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. Two rounds of PCR were carried out to amplify a 295-bp product, and the identity of amplified products was confirmed by DNA sequencing. H. pylori DNA was detected in 3 of 28 (11%) RAS samples but not in any of 20 OLP and 13 normal samples. These results do not support a definitive aetiological role for H. pylori in RAS, although the possibility that H. pylori may be involved in a small proportion of RAS cases cannot be excluded.
Epidemiological and clinico- therapeutic studies on hypogalactic buffaloes (2020)

The incidence of hypogalactia in buffaloes was reported 77.07% and 7.09% is unorganized and organized sector respectively. In unorganized sector, hypogalactic was recorded higher in buffaloes in 5th lactation (49.35%) followed by 4th lactation (42.48%). While in organized sector it was 46.88% and 40.63% respectively. Out of these, 30 apparently healthy hypogalactic buffaloes were selected and divided in three groups with 10 animals each. All groups were fed the basal ration. Apart from this T1 and T2 groups received 25 gm and 50 gm of Asparagus racemosus/day for 60 days respectively. The blood and milk samples were analyzed at 0th, 30th and 60th day of experiment. The average total erythrocyte count, Haemoglobin and PCV were increased significantly in T2 group. While, in T1 the increase was non significant. The average milk production was increased by 7.59% and 13.07% in T1 and T2 group respectively.
Formation of free radicals in photo‐irradiated cellulose. IV. Effect of ferric ions (1975)

Abstract The effects of wavelength and concentration of ferric‐ion photosensitizer on radical formation in cellulose irradiated with ultraviolet light were studied by means of electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Irradiations were carried out at 77°K. The absorption spectra of ferric complexes with cellulose model compounds, namely, glucose, lactose, and cellobiose, indicate that light absorption of iron–cellulose complex takes place at 365 nm, to initiate free‐radical formation. A three‐line electron spin resonance spectrum with a relative signal intensity 1:1:1 was observed when the sample was treated with 0.1‐mmole/l. ferric ion and irradiated with light λ > 3400 Å. Five‐line spectra with different signal intensities were observed when the sample was irradiated with light λ > 2800 Å and λ > 2537 Å, respectively. Further, the 1:1:1 three‐line spectrum was immediately changed to a five‐line spectrum when the sample was re‐irradiated with light λ > 2537 Å. The concentration of ferric ion strikingly affected the radical formation in cellulose and caused changes of the line‐shape and of the relative signal intensities of the spectra. The sample with 0.1‐mmole/l. ferric ion exhibited the 1:1:1 three‐line spectrum; however, when the concentration was increased to 20 mmoles/l., a prominent five‐line spectrum with relative signal intensity 1:2:0.8:2:1 was observed, when the sample was irradiated with light λ > 3400 Å. On the basis of these findings, it is apparent that several kinds of radical species can be formed by employing suitable wavelengths and varying concentrations of ferric ion.
Synthesis of 1,1‐Dimethyl‐4‐indanol Derivatives (2006)

Abstract The synthesis of 1,1‐dimethyl‐4‐indanols (3a,b) has been achieved by intramolecular Friedel–Crafts cyclization of 2‐(3‐methyl‐2‐butenyl)phenols (5a,b) or 1‐methoxy‐2‐(3‐methyl‐2‐butenyl)benzenes (6a,b) followed by demethylation, respectively.It was found that the solvent was critical for the formation of different products in the intramolecular Friedel–Crafts reactions of 6. The unexpected product 4‐methoxy‐1,1,6,6‐tetramethyl‐as‐hydrindacene (11) was obtained from the Friedel–Crafts reactions of 6a, and its structure was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The key intermediates 5a,b were prepared by ortho‐alkenylation of phenols with 1‐bromo‐3‐methyl‐2‐butene, and the reaction temperature exerted an obvious impact on the yield of 2‐(3‐methyl‐2‐butenyl)phenol (5a).
Fast face identification under varying pose from a single 2-D model view (2001)

One of the key remaining problems in face recognition is that of handling the variability in appearance due to changes in pose. The authors present a simple and computationally efficient 3-D pose recovery methodology. It addresses the computationally expensive problem of current generic 3-D model pose recovery methods and thus is able to be applied in real-time applications. Compared with the virtual view methods, the face identification system with the proposed pose recovery method demands much less storage space as it transforms the 2-D rotated face to the 2-D fronto-parallel view for subsequent identification rather than generating multiple virtual views for a single input face. Experiments evaluating the effectiveness of the technique are reported. The systems are compared with human performances and existing techniques.
Several Mechanisms are Involved in Resistance of Helianthus to Orobanche cumana Wallr. (2001)

Orobanche cumana (broomrape) poses a serious threat to sunflower cultivation in many countries since there is no effective method of controlling the pathogen. It is known that wild species of the genus Helianthus show resistance to different pathogens. Our goal was to identify resistant wild species and derived interspecific hybrids (wild Helianthus × sunflower) and to characterize the resistance mechanisms involved. After identification of key stages (germination, fixation, tubercule formation and development) in the resistance of Helianthus to O. cumana , several germplasms were tested. Development of a hydroponic co-culture system allowed rapid screening of new Helianthus germplasms and a more accurate study of the resistance phenomenon. Several resistance mechanisms, such as cell wall deposition, vessel occlusion and broomrape cellular disorganization were demonstrated in the resistant sunflower genotype LR1 by histological observation of the host-parasite interface. In contrast, no reaction was observed in the susceptible cultivated genotype 2603. H. debilis debilis (the wild parent of LR1) exhibited an encapsulation layer which prevented intrusion of the parasite into the cortex. Severe reduction in the root and apex biomass of sunflower was observed in the susceptible line (2603) indicating strong competition between broomrape and sunflower sinks. This large loss of sunflower biomass was compensated by broomrape biomass. In resistant genotypes LR1 and 92B6, the effect of broomrape infestation on sunflower biomass was much more limited. 14 CO 2 radiolabelling showed differences between resistant and susceptible sunflower genotypes in nutrient flux from the host to broomrape. Copyright 2001 Annals of Botany Company
Detection of Giardia lamblia antigen in the feces by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (1985)

The presence of Giardia lamblia antigen in stools of symptomatic and asymptomatic giardiasis patients was studied by counterimmunoelectrophoresis using anti-G. lamblia (Portland strain I) trophozoite antibodies. This test could detect antigen in feces of 94% of giardiasis patients. However, it failed to differentiate between symptomatic and asymptomatic Giardia infection. There were no false-positive results in children with other diseases. Antigen in the stools disappeared within 1 to 2 weeks after eradication of infection with specific treatment. The overall sensitivity of this test in detecting G. lamblia antigen in stool was 94%, and the specificity was 95%.
Genetic Hypothesis of Idiopathic Schizophrenia: Its Exorphin Connection (1988)

This brief overview proposes a testable oligogenic model of the inheritance of susceptibility to idiopathic schizophrenia: "abnormal" genes at each of a few complementary loci. The model is based on my assumptions as to the likely genetic abnormalities at possibly four or five interacting loci that would permit exorphins, the opioid peptides from some food proteins, especially glutens and possibly caseins, to go from gut to brain and cause symptoms of schizophrenia. Exorphins may reach the brain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in harmful amounts because of their genetically increased, receptor-mediated transcellular passage across the gut epithelial barrier plus decreased catabolism by genetically defective enzymes. A schizophrenia-specific, genetically enhanced affinity for exorphins by opioid receptors influencing dopaminergic and other neurons would permit sustained dysfunction at low CSF exorphin concentrations. Tests of each postulated genetic abnormality are suggested. This model is supported by a variety of evidence, including a significant effect of gluten or its absence on relapsed schizophrenic patients, the high correlation of changes in first admission rates for schizophrenia with changes in grain consumption rates, and the rarity of cases of schizophrenia where grains and milk are rare.
A survey of techniques for achieving metadata interoperability (2010)

Achieving uniform access to media objects in heterogeneous media repositories requires dealing with the problem of metadata interoperability. Currently there exist many interoperability techniques, with quite varying potential for resolving the structural and semantic heterogeneities that can exist between metadata stored in distinct repositories. Besides giving a general overview of the field of metadata interoperability, we provide a categorization of existing interoperability techniques, describe their characteristics, and compare their quality by analyzing their potential for resolving various types of heterogeneities. Based on our work, domain experts and technicians get an overview and categorization of existing metadata interoperability techniques and can select the appropriate approach for their specific metadata integration scenarios. Our analysis explicitly shows that metadata mapping is the appropriate technique in integration scenarios where an agreement on a certain metadata standard is not possible.
Computational modeling of hip replacement surgery: Total hip replacement vs. hip resurfacing (2005)

The motivation of the present work is the computational simulation of hip replacement surgery by means of a finite element approach based on open system thermodynamics. Its key feature is a non-constant material density, which is allowed to adapt with respect to changes in the mechanical loading environment. From a computational point of view, the density is treated as an internal variable. Its evolution is governed by a first order rate equation, the balance of mass, which is enhanced by an additional mass production term to account for growth. An implicit Euler backward scheme is suggested for its time discretization. The algorithmic determination of the material density based on a local Newton iteration is presented. To ensure quadratic convergence of the global Newton Raphson solution scheme, a consistent linearization of the discrete algorithmic equations is carried out. Finally, two alternative medical techniques in hip arthritis are compared, the conventional total hip replacement strategy and the more recent hip resurfacing technology. The result of the suggested remodeling algorithm is shown to agree remarkably well with clinically observed phenomena. 1 Motivation Artificial joint replacement is a common surgical procedure with a relatively high success rate. In total hip replacement, the damaged upper end of the femur is replaced by a metal or ceramic ball attached to a metal stem fitted into the femur. In addition, a plastic or ceramic socket is implanted into the pelvis replacing the damaged socket. A typical prosthesis stem (DePuy Orthopaedics) is shown in figure 1. Depending on the age and activity of the patient, the prosthesis can either be anchored into the surrounding bone by a plastic bone cement or a cementless press fit implantation can be applied. Total hip replacement gives reasonably good results in elderly inactive people, but the long-term results are less promising in active young people. After surgical implantation, the muscle and joint loads are carried almost entirely by the stiff prothesis stem, while the remaining part of the femur exhibits stress shielding. As a result, the patient typically suffers from long-term changes in bone architecture. These include increased bone formation in some regions, while other regions are characterized through bone resorption. Severe bone loss may cause painful loosening of the implant and ten to fifteen years post-operatively, a revision might become unavoidable.