gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental immunology<br>Immune function of Chinese formula Qingwen Baidu granule in broilers (2015)

This study was to investigate the effects of Qingwen Baidu granules on the antibody level, immune organ index and the lymphocyte transformation of broilers. Hy-line variety white cocks of 30 days were used to evaluate the antibody titer of Newcastle Disease in each serum group, and MTT method was used to determine the T lymphocyte proliferation, and organ weighing methods to measure the immune organ index 21 days after immunization. The results showed that Qingwen Baidu granules could prolong the residue time in the body, improve the lymphocyte conversion ratio, increase the bursa, thymus and spleen index and promote immune organ development. These results suggested that Qingwen Baidu granules could improve the serum Newcastle disease antibody level, improve peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation, enhance the cellular immune function, and elevate the immune organ index and growth, in order to raise the immune function in chicken. The above demonstrates that the Qingwen Baidu granules have significant effects on the cytoimmunity and humoral immunity, and the potentiation of the immune function in broilers.
Potentiometric Titrations (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotentiometric TitrationsN. H. FurmanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1951, 23, 1, 21–24Publication Date (Print):January 17, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 17 January 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60049a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60049a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views426Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Readers' Dialogue (1974)

Recently, in a mathematics curriculum class of mine, we had an opportunity to critically evaluate an article by Harold M. Ness, Jr., entitled “Another Look at Fractions” (January 1973). It was the general consensus of the class that the pedagogical ideas put forth in the article deserved a written reaction. Specific criticisms follow.
Speakeasy: the military software radio (1995)

The Speakeasy Phase II radio will use programmable processing to emulate more than 15 existing military radios. Speakeasy is a challenge, even with recent advancements in DSP technologies. The benefits, however, make the challenge highly worthwhile.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Linux Goes 3D (1996)

An Introduction to Mesa/Open GL: Discover Mesa, a 3D graphics library that is source code-compatible with OpenGL
New Look at Performance Appraisal for Scientists and Engineers (1994)

OVERVIEW:The performance appraisal as usually carried out by an organization's management is often incompatible with the needs of the technical staff. Nevertheless, it serves the organizational requirement for evaluation, albeit sometimes poorly. For most professionals, however, it probably does their development more harm than good. The authors propose two appraisals, a Management Performance Appraisal, and a Professional Development Appraisal. The management performance appraisal can be utilized as a management tool conducted for traditional purposes. The professional development appraisal would be a collateral process, separated from the conventional appraisal, but used to enhance professional growth and facilitate the intergenerational transfer of professional culture. Its two main characteristics would be mastery of one's technical proficiency and development of one's inner-directed character. The professional development appraisal would be carried out typically by professional mentors rather than by management.
On the Numerical Differentiation of Data. (1972)

The differentiation of data numerically divides naturally into two distinct problems: (i) the differentiation of exact data, and (ii) the differentiation of non-exact (experimental) data. In the report, the authors examine both problems.
Analysis of the ribonuclease H activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase using RNA.cntdot.DNA hybrid substrates derived from the gag region of HIV-1 (1989)

The RNase H activity associated with recombinant p66/p51 HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) has been analyzed in the absence of DNA synthesis by using homogeneous RNA.DNA substrates. The substrates consisted of SP6 runoff transcripts from a portion of the gag region of the HIV-1 genome hybridized to complementary single-stranded DNA from either an M13 subclone or a phagemid transcription vector subclone. The corresponding hybrids either carried a 5'-mismatch of seven nucleotides or were fully base-paired. Analysis of recombinant HIV-1 p66/p51 RT by an activated gel assay employing these substrates suggested that the RNase H activity was exclusively associated with the p66 polypeptide. Denaturing gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the oligonucleotide products generated by hydrolysis of the hybrids by HIV-1 RT, M-MuLV RT, and Escherichia coli RNase H. The significant difference in the time-dependent distribution of products of HIV-1 RT vs E. coli RNase H catalyzed cleavage of 5'-mismatched hybrids indicated that the preparation of recombinant HIV-1 RT was free of contaminating bacterial RNase H. Although the HIV-1 RT associated RNase H activity shares many of the general mechanistic features of other retroviral enzymes [Gerard, G. F. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 256-265], the appearance of unique intermediates and end products in the course of hydrolysis of 5'-mismatched and fully base-paired hybrids indicated a significant difference in the sequence dependence of the kinetics of RNase H cleavage by HIV-1 RT and M-MuLV RT.
Random Edge Deletion in Directed Scale-Free Graphs (2009)

This paper investigates a random edge deletion model for directed scale-free graphs that grow with preferential attachment depending on the in- and out-degrees, we show that the resulting in- and out-degree distributions are power laws with correlated exponents, reproducing observed properties of the World-Wide Web.
Fillers for Balancing Passenger Tire Tread Properties (2002)

Abstract Strong demands for lower rolling resistance tires in Europe led to the introduction of a new filler system for auto tire treads in the early 1990s. Silica, in combination with a silane coupling agent, was used as the primary filler system despite the increased costs compared to carbon black. The adoption of silica/silane treads has been slower outside of Europe, but some conversion to silica/silane or alternative filler blends has taken place in North America and Japan. This paper is a review of the many reports related to the silica/silane filler system, as well as alternative approaches — including new carbon blacks — to lower rolling resistance, that have been generated since the introduction of the “green tire” concept in the early 1990s.
Robustness of Compressed Sensing in Sensor Networks (2008)

Compressed sensing is a new theory that is based on the fact that many natural\nimages can be sparsely represented in an orthonormal wavelet basis. This theory holds\nvaluable implications for wireless sensor networks because power and bandwidth are\nlimited resources. Applying the theory of compressed sensing to the sensor network\ndata recovery problem, we describe a measurement scheme by which sensor network\ndata can be compressively sampled and reconstructed. Then we analyze the robustness\nof this scheme to channel noise and fading coefficient estimation error. We demonstrate\nempirically that compressed sensing can produce significant gains for sensor network\ndata recovery in both ideal and noisy environments.
Irradiated Single Crystal 3C-SiC as a Maximum Temperature Sensor (2008)

A neutron flux on the order of 2·10²° neutrons/cm² at 0.18 MeV induces formation of point defects (vacancies and interstitials) in single crystal 3C-SiC causing a volume lattice expansion (swelling) of over 3% that can be measured by X-Ray diffraction. The crystal lattice can be completely restored with an annealing temperature equal to or higher than the irradiation temperature. This phenomenon serves as a basis for temperature measurements and allows the determination of the maximum temperature, if the exposure time is known.\nThe single crystal 3C-SiC sensor is applicable to small, rotating and hard to access parts due to its size of 300-500 microns, wide temperature range of 100-1450 °C, "no-lead" installation, inert chemical properties and high accuracy of temperature measurements. These features make it possible to use the sensor in gas turbine blades, automotive engines, valves, pistons, space shuttle ceramic tiles, thermal protection system design, etc.\nThis work describes the mechanism of neutron irradiation of single crystal 3C-SiC, the formation of point defects and their concentration, the different temperature measurement techniques, and the application of Maximum Temperature Crystal Sensors (MTCS) for maximum temperature measurements in both stationary and non-stationary regimes.
1.25V direct-conversion CMOS transmitter front-end for 900MHz ZigBee applications (2006)

This paper presents a very low power direct-conversion up-mixer and driver amplifier. The designed mixer is based on the typical Gilbert-cell, and the driver amplifier uses a folded cascode topology to improve the linearity under the low supply voltage. The fabricated up-mixer shows 5.5dB of conversion gain and 7.5dBm of output IP3, and the driver amplifier shows 17dB of power gain and 12dBm of output IP3. The up-mixer and driver amplifier consume 4.5mA and 2mA from 1.25V supply, respectively.
Detection of serum and urinary lipoprotein(a) in patients with renal diseases (1998)

SUMMARY: We measured and analysed serum and urinary lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] in 73 patients with various renal diseases, and 168 control subjects. the results revealed that serum Lp(a) levels were significantly elevated in patients with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, membranous nephropathy, chronic renal failure and diabetic nephropathy, except patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) with gross haematuria. Serum Lp(a) concentrations were found to be significantly correlated with serum albumin ( r =−0.5033, P <0.001) and urinary protein excretion ( r = 0.3541, P <0.005), while not with serum creatinine ( r =−0.0144, P >0.05). Patients with selective urinary protein excretion had a lower serum Lp(a) level than those with non‐selective urinary protein excretion. the correlation between serum albumin and serum Lp(a) levels remained significant ( P <0.001) after adjustment for serum creatinine, urinary protein excretion and the selectivity of urinary protein by multivariate regression analysis. Urinary Lp(a) excretion was decreased and related to the serum creatinine level ( r =−0.312, P <0.01). Our conclusion is that renal patients with proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia tend to have elevated levels of Lp(a) which are more significantly correlated to serum albumin levels than other parameters such as serum 24‐h urinary protein, selectivity of urinary protein and serum creatinine; while urinary Lp(a) excretion varies inversely with serum creatinine levels.
Multiple Primary Cancers Including Colorectal Cancer (2008)

Purpose: With advance in diagnostic techniques and treatment modalities, it has been increasing that the patients with colorectal cancer experience another primary malignancies. Understanding the characteristics of multiple primary malignancies is important to establish an effective surveillance program for the early detection of second cancer. Methods: The database of 2,709 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer between 1985 and 2007 in Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital was analyzed retrospectively. Results: Out of 2,709 patients, 102 (3.76%) of them were found to have multiple malignancies. Among them, 37 patients had synchronous cancers and 65 patients had metachronous cancers. The most common site of multiple primary malignancies was the stomach, followed by kidney, thyroid and breast. Conclusions: In the patients with colorectal cancer, it should be considered to evaluate multiple primary malignancies, especially stomach, during the routine follow up. And the most frequent multiple primary cancer before colorectal cancer was also stomach cancer. Careful attention should be paid to the colorectal cancer in stomach cancer patients.
Security and privacy protection in RFID-enabled supply chain management (2011)

Radio frequency identification-enabled supply chain systems are in an open system environment, where different organisations have different business workflows and operate on different standards and protocols. This supply-chain environment can only be effective if the partners can trust each other and be collaborative. However, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) involves growing privacy and security concerns in part because humans cannot sense the radio frequency radiation used to read tags and the tags themselves maintain no history of past readings. Counterfeiting in the form of cloned or fraudulent RFID tags is a consequence of a lack of security measures and trust among the partners when RFID technology is used to automate their business transactions. This paper discusses the ways in which privacy and security protection can be maintained in an open-loop RFID supply chain. A cost-based detection of counterfeit tags using different classifiers is presented.
Esthetic Concerns and Acceptability of Treatment Modalities in Primary Teeth: A Comparison between Children and Their Parents (2016)

Background and Aim. Esthetic concerns in primary teeth have been studied mainly from the point of view of parents. The aim of this study was to study compare the opinions of children aged 5-8 years to have an opinion regarding the changes in appearance of their teeth due to dental caries and the materials used to restore those teeth. Methodology. A total of 107 children and both of their parents (n = 321), who were seeking dental treatment, were included in this study. A tool comprising a questionnaire and pictures of carious lesions and their treatment arranged in the form of a presentation was validated and tested on 20 children and their parents. The validated tool was then tested on all participants. Results. Children had acceptable validity statistics for the tool suggesting that they were able to make informed decisions regarding esthetic restorations. There was no difference between the responses of the children and their parents on most points. Zirconia crowns appeared to be the most acceptable full coverage restoration for primary anterior teeth among both children and their parents. Conclusion. Within the limitations of the study it can be concluded that children in their sixth year of life are capable of appreciating the esthetics of the restorations for their anterior teeth.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐(1,2‐Dihydropyrazol‐4‐yl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents. (1990)

The synthesis of some 2-[1,2-dihydropyrazol-4-yl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives is performed by reacting 4-dithiocarboxylic acid hydrazides of 3-amino-1,2-dihydro-5H-pyrazol-5-one and 3-amino-1,2-dihydro-1-methyl-5H-pyrazol-5-one with carboxylic acid derivatives. The unusual behaviour of 3-amino-1,2-dihydro-1-methyl-5H-pyrazol-5-one towards acetylating agents is described. The antimicrobial activity of some 2-[1,2-dihydropyrazol-4-yl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives is tested in a preliminary screening.
When Neural Architecture Search Meets Hardware Implementation: from Hardware Awareness to Co-Design (2019)

Neural Architecture Search (NAS), that automatically identifies the best network architecture, is a promising technique to respond to the ever-growing demand for application-specific Artificial Intelligence (AI). On the other hand, a large number of research efforts have been put on implementing and optimizing AI applications on the hardware. Out of all leading computation platforms, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) stand out due to its flexibility and versatility over ASICs and its efficiency over CPUs and GPUs. To identify the best neural architecture and hardware implementation pair, a number of research works are emerging to involve the awareness of hardware efficiency in the NAS process, which is called "hardware-aware NAS". Unlike the conventional NAS with a mono-criteria of accuracy, hardware-aware NAS is a multi-objective optimization problem, which aims to identify the best network and hardware pair to maximize accuracy with guaranteed hardware efficiency. Most recently, the co-design of neural architecture and hardware has been put forward to further push forward the Pareto frontier between accuracy and efficiency trade-off. This paper will review and discuss the current progress in the neural architecture search and the implementation on hardware.
Structure and metabolism (1989)

Written with contributions from experts who have critically evaluated the state of the art and the prospects of isolated adults cardiac myocytes in cardiological research, this two-volume publication summarizes the current knowledge of this technology. The methodology, structure, and metabolism of cardiomyocytes are presented, along with metabolism and cation homeostasis and energy metabolism and hypoxic injury. Additionally, cell isolation and culture and the structure and biochemistry of the sarcolemma is explained. Electrophysiology and contractile function with ionic currents and membrane channels is discussed. Also, the electro-physiological effects of transmitters and hormones are presented, with excitation-contraction coupling and the use of cardiomyocytes in drug design and research explained.
The Effect of Defective DNA Double-Strand Break Repair on Mutations and Chromosome Aberrations in the Chinese Hamster Cell Mutant XR-V15B (1995)

The radiosensitive Chinese hamster cell line XR-V15B was used to study the effect of decreased rejoining of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) on gene mutations and chromosome aberrations. XR-V15B cells are hypersensitive to the cytotoxic effects of neocarzinostatin (NCS) and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). Both mutagens induced more chromosome aberrations in XR-V15B cells than in the parental cell strain. The clastogenic action of NCS was characterized by the induction of predominantly chromosome-type aberrations in cells of both strains, whereas MMS induced mainly chromatid aberrations. The frequency of induced gene mutations at the hprt locus was not increased compared to the parental V79 cells when considering the same survival level. Molecular analysis by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of mutants induced by NCS revealed a high frequency of deletions in cells of both cell lines. Methyl methane-sulfonate induced mainly mutations without visible changes in the PCR pattern, which probably represent point mutations. Our findings suggest a link between a defect in DNA DSB repair and increased cytotoxic and clastogenic effects. However, a decreased ability to rejoin DNA DSBs does not seem to influence the incidence and types of gene mutations at the hprt locus induced by NCS and MMS.
Estimates of the worldwide mortality from eighteen major cancers in 1985. Implications for prevention and projections of future burden (1993)

This report presents worldwide estimates of annual mortality from all cancers and for 18 specific cancer sites around 1985. Crude and age-standardized mortality rates and numbers of deaths were computed for 24 geographical areas. Of the estimated 5 million deaths from cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer), 56% occurred in developing countries. The most frequent neoplasm is lung cancer, accounting for 22% of cancer deaths in men. Among women breast cancer is the leading malignancy, accounting for 16% and 11% of all cancer deaths in developed and developing countries, respectively. In developing countries, cancer of the cervix uteri ranks first, breast cancer second. The second most frequent cause of death from cancer in both sexes is cancer of the stomach, followed by liver cancer in men and by colon/rectum cancer in women. Cancers of the colon/rectum and prostate maintain a high rank in men living in developed countries, while cancers of the lung, ovary and pancreas occupy similar ranks among women. In developing countries, cancers of the oesophagus and mouth/pharynx follow those previously mentioned in both sexes. If the estimated rates continue to prevail, increases in the numbers of deaths of 20.4% in developed and 18.1% in developing countries are expected by the year 2000, simply as a consequence of demographic trends towards ageing and population growth. Our results provide an indication of the potential impact of preventive practices. It is estimated that 20% of all cancer deaths (1 million) could be prevented by eliminating tobacco smoking. Mortality from cancers of the liver and uterine cervix, both major problems in developing countries, could be substantially reduced by immunization against hepatitis B virus infection and early detection through Pap smears, respectively.
Benefits of swept and leaned stators for fan noise reduction (1999)

An advanced high bypass ratio fan model was tested in the NASA Lewis Research Center 9 x 15-Foot Low Speed Wind Tunnel. The primary focus of this test was to quantify the acoustic benefits and aerodynamic performance of sweep and lean in stator vane design. Three stator sets were used for this test series. A conventional radial stator was tested at two rotor-stator axial spacings. Additional stator sets incorporating sweep + lean, and sweep only were also tested. The hub axial location for the swept + lean, and sweep only stators corresponded to the location of the radial stator at the upstream rotor-stator spacing, while the tip axial location of these modified stators corresponded to the radial stator axial position at the downstream position. The acoustic results show significant reductions in both rotor-stator interaction noise and broadband noise beyond what could be achieved through increased axial spacing of the conventional, radial stator. Theoretical application of these results to acoustically quantify a fictitious 2-engine aircraft and flight path suggested that about 3 Effective Perceived Noise (EPN) dB could be achieved through incorporation of these modified stators. This reduction would represent a significant portion of the 6 EPNdB noise goal of the current NASA Advanced Subsonic Technology (AST) initiative relative to that of 1992 technology levels. A secondary result of this fan test was to demonstrate the ability of an acoustic barrier wall to block aft-radiated fan noise in the wind tunnel, thus revealing the acoustic structure of the residual inlet-radiated noise. This technology should prove valuable toward better understanding inlet liner design, or wherever it is desirable to eliminate aft-radiated noise from the fan acoustic signature.