gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of "Humanised" Milks and Supplemented Breast Feeding on The Faecal Flora of Infants (1977)

SUMMARY Faecal specimens from 47 babies were examined each week during the first 6 weeks of life. Thirteen infants received breast milk alone, nine received Cow and Gate Premium milk, 10 received Scientific Milk Adaptation Gold Cap milk, and 15 received breast milk and in the first week of life a supplement of modified cows' milk. An acetate buffer was demonstrated in the faeces of >60% of breast-fed infants during the first 4 weeks of life. No buffer was demonstrated in the faeces of either bottle-fed group over the same period. Only 20% of breast-fed infants receiving a supplement produced an acetate buffer in the 1st week, but this figure increased to 60% by the 4th week. Breast-fed babies produced faeces with a low pH (5.1–5.4), high counts of bifidobacteria and low counts of coliforms, bacteroides and clostridia; with the exception of acetic acid there was a notable absence of most volatile fatty acids from these faeces. Infants fed Premium milk produced faeces with a high pH (5.9-8.0) and a relatively high bifidobacterial count in the 1st week; thereafter no bacterial species predominanted. A wide variety of volatile fatty acids was present in these infants' faeces. Infants fed Gold Cap milk produced faeces with a high pH (6.4–8.2) and a wide variety of volatile fatty acids; the counts of coliform bacilli and putrefactive bacteria were high, whilst counts of bifidobacteria were low. Breast-fed infants who received a supplement in the 1st week produced acid faeces, but the pH was higher than that of infants fed breast milk alone; the bacterial flora was putrefactive for the first 2 weeks but gradually became fermentative, and whilst several volatile fatty acids were detected in the faeces in the 1st week they gradually decreased during the following 5 weeks.
The world after SA: benefits to GPS integrity (2002)

The Presidential Decision Directive (PDD) on the Global Positioning System (GPS) recommends that selective availability (SA) be removed by 2006. The question remains: if SA were to be turned off, how significant are the benefits to the GPS community? This paper examines the benefits of removing SA as it relates to airborne GPS integrity and demonstrates that there are substantial improvements in the availability of GPS integrity. The study evaluates the current TSO C-129 receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) algorithm, which provides fault detection for supplemental use of GPS. Fault detection and exclusion (FDE) functionality for primary means navigation will be contained in the wide area augmentation system (WAAS) equipment (TSO C145/C146), but is designed to be used independent of WAAS. The availability of GPS integrity is examined globally and the results are compared to RAIM and FDE availability with SA on the system. Other augmentations to improve availability, such as the use of geostationary satellites for ranging and additional GPS satellites in the constellation, also are considered, as well as variation of the mask angle. Speculations about improvements from a combined GPS/Galileo system also are provided. The results of this analysis demonstrate a significant improvement in the availability of the fault detection and exclusion functions if SA is turned off and the other augmentations are incorporated. This capability may provide major benefits to countries who either do not plan to implement a WAAS-type system, or may not have one until well into the next century. Although these results hinge on the removal of SA, it is important nonetheless to quantify the magnitude of improvement in the availability of GPS integrity.
Super Compact and Ultrabroadband Power Divider Using Silicon-Based Integrated Passive Device Technology (2016)

In this paper, an ultrabroadband two-way power divider with super compact circuit size is demonstrated using the silicon-based integrated passive device technology. By replacing all the eight quarter-wavelength lines in a conventional foursection Wilkinson power divider with bridged-T coils, the circuit size can be largely reduced without reducing the bandwidth. As a result, an ultrabroadband power divider with 10-dB return loss/isolation bandwidth from 1.85 to 21.30 GHz can be realized in a very compact circuit size of 3.41 × 1.17 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which is only about 0.132λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> × 0.045λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> at the center frequency J0 = 11.6 GHz. The measured insertion loss is less than 2 dB in the same frequency range. To the best of our knowledge, this is the smallest ultrabroadband passive power divider design with larger than 10:1 bandwidth ever reported.
The development and research of digital marketing in the contemporary society (2016)

In the Internet age, some old methods have been eliminated, and some methods are improved, at the same time many new methods of used for product promotion and marketing also gradually formed. "Desk research" has been turned into "online research", now in the online market research has become possible. This paper mainly studies the development history of digital marketing and existing significance. Including the difference and contact between digital marketing and traditional advertising, the relationship between digital marketing and the Internet industry. The pros and cons of digital marketing mode, digital marketing in the future development direction.
A Discussion about Bajin's Thought on Education (2006)

伟大的文学家巴金对教育也有其独到的见解.其民主科学的教育观、为国为民的理想观、对社会与生活负责的责任观、教育公平理念、教育改革观、知识观与人才观、培养既具有独立思考个性又有益于社会的人的教育目的观,均具有现实意义.
A Lightweight Classification Algorithm for External Sources of Interference in IEEE 802.15.4-Based Wireless Sensor Networks Operating at the 2.4 GHz (2014)

IEEE 802.15.4 is the technology behind wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and ZigBee. Most of the IEEE 802.15.4 radios operate in the crowded 2.4 GHz frequency band, which is used by many technologies. Since IEEE 802.15.4 is a low power technology, the avoidance of interference is vital to conserve energy and to extend the lifetime of devices. A lightweight classification algorithm is presented to detect the common external sources of interference in the 2.4 GHz frequency band, namely, IEEE 802.11-based wireless local area networks (WLANs), Bluetooth, and microwave ovens. This lightweight algorithm uses the energy detection (ED) feature (the feature behind received signal strength indication (RSSI)) of an IEEE 802.15.4-compliant radio. Therefore, it classifies the interferers without demodulation of their signals. As it relies on time patterns instead of spectral features, the algorithm has no need to change the channel. Thus, it allows the radio both to stay connected to the channel and to receive while scanning. Furthermore, it has a maximum runtime of merely one second. The algorithm is extensively tested in a radio frequency anechoic chamber and in real world scenarios. These results are presented here.
Towards Grounding Conceptual Spaces in Neural Representations (2017)

The highly influential framework of conceptual spaces provides a geometric way of representing knowledge. It aims at bridging the gap between symbolic and subsymbolic processing. Instances are represented by points in a high-dimensional space and concepts are represented by convex regions in this space. In this paper, we present our approach towards grounding the dimensions of a conceptual space in latent spaces learned by an InfoGAN from unlabeled data.
ANNarchy: a code generation approach to neural simulations on parallel hardware (2015)

Many modern neural simulators focus on the simulation of networks of spiking neurons on parallel hardware. Another important framework in computational neuroscience, rate-coded neural networks, is mostly difficult or impossible to implement using these simulators. We present here the ANNarchy (Artificial Neural Networks architect) neural simulator, which allows to easily define and simulate rate-coded and spiking networks, as well as combinations of both. The interface in Python has been designed to be close to the PyNN interface, while the definition of neuron and synapse models can be specified using an equation-oriented mathematical description similar to the Brian neural simulator. This information is used to generate C++ code that will efficiently perform the simulation on the chosen parallel hardware (multi-core system or graphical processing unit). Several numerical methods are available to transform ordinary differential equations into an efficient C++code. We compare the parallel performance of the simulator to existing solutions.
Occurrence of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Vacuum Foam-Dried Whole Milk and its Relation to Processing and Storage (1961)

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Mastology : breast diseases : proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Senology (Breast Diseases), 8-12 May, 1994, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1995)

Part 1 Benign pathology: histopathology of breast infections, N.J. Agnantis medical treatment of benign breast disease, P. Sismondi et al. Part 2 Diagnosis: mammography - indirect mammographic signs of malignancy, E.A. Sickles, breast microcalcifications - a histo-radiological correlation, J.-M. Guinebretiere ultrasonography - high frequency (10-15 MHz) ultrasound of the breast, G. Rizzato and R. Chersevani biopsy - percutaneous needle biopsy of the breast, B.D. Fornage special aspects - combined diagnosis in breast cancer - role of anatomic pathology, M. Alvarenga. Part 3 Breast cancer: epidemiology and risk factors - other risk factors, E. de Abreu, clinical management of women at increased risk for breast cancer, G. Hernandez-Munoz permalignant lesions - atypical hyperplasia of the breast - a review of 522 previously diagnosed cases, P. Anani in-situ carcinoma - pathology and clinical evaluation of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast, D.L. Page et al surgical treatment - indications and contraindications to conservative surgery in breast cancer, P. Veronesi et al, breast-conserving surgery after induction chemotherapy, G.N. Peters advanced diseases - locally advanced breast cancer, S.B.B. Hastchbach et al recurrences - detection of recurrences in breast cancer following primary therapy, M. Seifert et al special forms - breast cancer in elderly patients - issues related to the surgical management, F. Badellino et al, breast cancer during pregnancy (BCDP) - history and epidemiology, F. Sandoval Guerrero radiotherapy - radiotherapy of breast cancer, P. Angelakis prognosis - genetic alterations in breast cancer - involvement of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, A.C. Medeiros et al follow-up - follow-up in breast-conserving surgery, E. Alvarez Gardiol, breast cancer - criteria of choice, interest and guidelines of tumor markers in the follow-up, A. Daver et al special aspects - old ideas versus new - the history of breast cancer treatment, M.J. Silverstein. Part 4 Plastic surgery: reconstruction of the breast - types and techniques, A.S.S. Figueira Fo aesthetic surgery and breast conservation, J.V. Biazus et al. Part 5 General aspects: senology as speciality, L. Ioannidou-Mouzaka.
Medico-legal Study of Suspected Homicide Cases in a Teaching Hospital in Eastern Nepal (1970)

Introduction: Homicide means killing of one human being as a result of conduct of another human being. This study of medico-legal and epidemiological details of homicidal cases would help in enhancement of various stakeholders in law enforcing agencies with the view to benefit the process of scientific crime detection and proper administration of justice at large. Objective: To identify the various medico-legal and epidemiological factors involved in homicide. Materials and method: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in fatal homicide victims brought for medico-legal autopsy in BPKIHS, during the period of 15th April 2009 to 14th July 2010.Data were collected using pre tested questionnaire by direct interview to the visitors of victim, information from the police record along with postmortem examination of the victim. Results: Out of the total 50 cases, the ratio of male to female victim was 4:1. More than half of the victims were of age 21-40 years (52%). More of the homicide victims were of rural areas (56%) and illiterate (32%). Injuries by sharp weapon were most common cause of death (36%) very closely followed by firearm injuries (34%). Most of the victim remained totally deprived of any medical help (60%). Conclusion: The homicide victims in eastern Nepal constituted illiterate adult male from rural area a dominant group. Sharp weapons were commonly employed in this region for homicide. Fatality of the victim can be highly minimized if medical and surgical interventions are be promptly prearranged. Proper counselling for developing positive attitude and controlling the aggression in youth have to be Promoted at large by the government. Keywords: Homicide; Medico-legal; sharp weapon injury; firearm injury DOI: 10.3126/hren.v9i1.4356Health Renaissance, 2011: Vol.9 No.1:15-19
Gyroscope vs. accelerometer measurements of motion from wrist PPG during physical exercise (2016)

Many wearable devices include PPG (photoplethysmography) sensors for non-invasive heart rate monitoring. However, PPG signals are heavily corrupted by motion interference, and rely on simultaneous motion measurements to remove the interference. Accelerometers are used commonly, but cannot differentiate between acceleration due to movement and acceleration due to gravity. This paper compares measurements of motion using accelerometers and gyroscopes to give a more complete estimate of wrist motion. Results show the two sensor signals are very different, with low correlations present. When used in a wrist PPG heart rate algorithm gyroscope motion estimates obtain better performance in half of the cases.
An introduction to CEFR (2013)

CEFR = the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment\n
Toward high pressure miniature protein mass spectrometer: Theory and initial results (2019)

Current miniature mass spectrometers mainly focus on the analyses of organic and small biological molecules. In this study, we explored the possibility of developing high resolution miniature ion trap mass spectrometers for whole protein analysis. Theoretical derivation, GPU assisted ion trajectory simulation, and initial experiments on home-developed "brick" mass spectrometer were carried out. Results show that ion-neutral collisions have smaller damping effect on large protein ions, and a higher buffer gas pressure should be applied during ion trap operations for protein ions. As a result, higher pressure ion trap operation not only benefits instrument miniaturization, but also improves mass resolution of protein ions. Dynamic mass scan rate and generation of low charge state protein ions are also found to be helpful in terms of improving mass resolutions. Theory and conclusions found in this work are also applicable in the development of benchtop mass spectrometers.
Stability and Vibration of a Rotating Circular Plate Subjected to Stationary In-Plane Edge Loads (1996)

This paper predicts transverse vibration and stability of a rotating circular plate subjected to stationary, in-plane, concentrated edge loads. First of all, the equation of motion is discretized in a plate-based coordinate system resulting in a set of coupled Hill’s equations. Through use of the method of multiple scales, stability of the rotating plate is predicted in closed form in terms of the rotational speed and the in-plane edge loads. The asymmetric membrane stresses resulting from the stationary in-plane edge loads will transversely excite the rotating plates to single-mode parametric resonances as well as combination resonances at supercritical speed. In addition, introduction of plate damping will suppress the parametric instability when normalized edge loads are small. Moreover, the radial in-plane edge load dominates the rotational speed at which the instability occurs, and the tangential in-plane edge load dominates the width of the instability zones.
A metadata approach for designing configurable interfaces in digital libraries (2002)

The use of digital libraries has achieved great importance as a friendly environment for users who need information in specific knowledge domains, not only because resources are organized in a systematic way but also because of the many services additionally provided. However, as digital libraries are disseminated on the Web, they require extra facilities to provide an efficient and more friendly environment to their users. This work presents an approach for improving navigation and retrieval in digital libraries, where metadata are used to give expressiveness to the representation of content and structure of digital objects collections. With a detailed description of electronic documents it is possible to develop a customized user interface and more sophisticated search mechanisms to support a user-centered view of the available resources. A metadata model is proposed considering functional metadata categories for electronic resources, whose descriptors are based on well-known formats and standards. This model supports a prototype implementation, which has been applied to a digital library in the computer science domain.
Pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway of Pseudomonas fluorescens (1990)

Pyrimidine biosynthesis in Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A126 was investigated. In this study, de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway mutant strains were isolated using both conventional mutagenesis and transposon mutagenesis. The resulting mutant strains were deficient for either aspartate transcarbamoylase, dihydroorotase or orotate phosphoribosyltransferase activity. Uracil, uridine or cytosine could support the growth of every mutant strain selected. In addition, the aspartate transcarbamoylase mutant strains could utilize orotic acid to sustain their growth while the orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase mutant strains grew slowly upon uridine 5'-monophosphate. The wild-type strain and the mutant strains were used to study possible regulation of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in P. fluorescens. Dihydroorotase specific activity more than doubled after the wild-type cells were grown in orotic acid relative to unsupplemented minimal-medium-grown cells. Starving the mutant strains of pyrimidines also influenced the levels of several de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway enzyme activities.
Impact of Feeder and Drinker Designs on Pig Performance, Water Use and Manure Production (1997)

Two experiments were conducted to examine the impact of feeder and drinker designs on pig performance, water use and manure volume. In the first experiment, pigs with access to a Crystal Springs® wet/dry feeder grew faster, but had a poorer feed conversion and similar carcass merit as pigs using dry feeders with wall-mounted nipple drinkers. Water use was reduced 25.6% in the combined winter and summer trials and manure volume reduced 28.9% in the summer trial for the wet/dry feeder system versus the dry feeder and wall-mounted nipple drinker system. In the second experiment, there was no difference in pig performance or carcass merit for pigs using Trojan WaterSwing® drinkers versus gate mounted Trojan nipple drinkers. There was an 11.1% reduction in water use and a 16.2% reduction in manure volume for pigs using the swinging waterer. The reduction in manure volume for both systems compared to a conventional dry feeder and gate-mounted nipple drinker system has implications for designing manure storage devices and estimates of time necessary for manure removal. While the volume needed to store 180 days of manure production decreases with either the wet/dry feeders or swinging nipple drinker, the estimated acres of cropland to utilize the stored manure as a fertilizer resource does not change. It appears the difference in volume is due to a reduction in water wastage only. The total pounds of nutrients (N, P, K, etc) in the stored manure do not change, only their concentration per 1,000 gallons.
Optical Design For The Infrared (1985)

Thermal, or infrared imaging systems have increased in importance in recent years. This is due to several factors: The applications of IR systems have grown dynamically in importance - IR detector technology has matured substantially, to the point where many IR. detectors are available and economically producible
On the mechanism of aryl sulfotransferase. (1981)

Aryl sulfotransferase IV (EC 2.8.2.1), purified to homogeneity from male rat liver, catalyzes the sulfation of a variety of substituted phenols, including catecholamines, tyrosine esters, and peptides containing NH2-terminal tyrosine residues. An investigation of the mechanism of the enzyme was carried out using 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol as a model substrate. Kinetic, inhibition, and binding studies with aryl sulfotransferase IV are all consistent with a random rapid equilibrium Bi Bi kinetic mechanism with two dead end product inhibitor complexes. Studies of the chemical mechanisms of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction demonstrate that electron-withdrawing substituents decrease the maximal velocity of phenol sulfation. The maximal velocity of the reaction correlates with Hammett sigma p- constants (rho = -0.25). Evidence is presented for the mechanism by which adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate and aryl sulfotransferase catalyze the transfer of sulfate from 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl sulfate to other phenols.
Feature extraction for character recognition using Gabor-type filters implemented by cellular neural networks (2002)

This paper proposes an approach for feature extraction using a CNN Gabor filter and an orientation map. We use a set of handwritten characters for testing the complete system. The frequency response of the CNN Gabor-type filter and the filter output are studied for different values of the filter parameters.
Rolling Contact Fatigue Testing of Bearing Steels (1982)

Description This volume is a collection of papers devoted entirely to the problems of rolling contact fatigue testing of bearing steels. It is a good reference for all engineers and metallurgists working with rolling bearings and bearing steels. The results obtained by past researchers and a review of the most up-to-date state of the art are contained.
Network printing security – getting to grips with the multifunction device (2006)

Today most companies no longer use individual products for printing, copying, faxing and scanning. In the modern office environment, these tasks are handled by network-capable multifunction devices. These complex products help optimise work processes and reduce costs, but also present new challenges for IT administrators in terms of security. The article explores the threats of insecure use of multifunction devices, and offers tips for secure network printing.