gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Characterization of Mouse Bone Marrow Cells Responsive to Estrogenic Inhibition: Hexose Monophosphate Shunt Enzyme Activity in Enriched Populations of Mature Cells and Progenitor Cells (1987)

Compounds with estrogenic activity cause initial toxic responses in the bone marrow characterized by hypocellularity and stem cell myelotoxicity. To elucidate the biochemical nature of these toxic responses, bone marrow cells were collected from mice treated with pharmacological doses of estrogenic chemicals, separated into enriched cell populations, and the enzymatic responses of the individual cell types characterized. Female B6C3F1 mice were injected s.c. with five daily doses of 0.07-5.6 mu moles diethylstilbestrol (DES) or 17-beta estradiol. At 4 days posttreatment body and organ weights were recorded and bone marrow was collected for enumeration and assay of stem cell proliferative responses and enzyme analyses. Treatment with higher dose levels of either estrogenic chemical caused equivalent thymic atrophy, but DES resulted in greater liver and spleen hypertrophy than estradiol. Hexose monophosphate shunt dehydrogenase enzymes in unfractionated bone marrow cells were more sensitive to inhibition by lower estrogen doses than representative enzymes from glycolysis of the Kreb's Cycle, and on an equimolar basis were inhibited to a greater extent by DES than by estradiol. Enzyme analyses after density gradient cell separation indicated that 70-80% of the hexose monophosphate shunt enzyme activity in bone marrow from untreated mice occurred in the enriched band of cells containing predominantly granulocyte-macrophages. The majority of the enzyme inhibition induced by DES treatment could also be ascribed to this cellular population. Furthermore, it was shown that DES had a greater inhibitory effect on the proliferative capacity of the committed stem cells than on the multipotential stem cell population, and the main response was again expressed in the enriched band of cells containing predominantly granulocyte-macrophage precursors. Preliminary endocrine ablation experiments indicated estrogen inhibition of hexose monophosphate shunt enzyme activity was independent of the adrenal and the ovary, but was mediated through the thymus at lower estrogen concentrations.
50kW CW Highly-Efficient Multi-Beam Klystron at 952 MHz for a Future Electron-Ion Collider (2018)

Initial results are presented for the development of a continuous-wave highly-efficient radio-frequency (RF) source for applications at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF). The project goal is to design and demonstrate a compact CW multi-beam klystron amplifier (MBK) with a high efficiency (> 80%) capable of supplying 50 kW of RF power at 952.6 MHz. RF sources with these specifications are sought for the high-level RF system for ion acceleration in the Medium Energy Electron Ion Collider that is being developed at TJNAF.
ADA in Use: Proceedings of the ADA International Conference, Paris (1985)

This book comprises papers presented at the International Ada Conference, held in Paris in May 1985, The conference brought together European and North American experts on the Ada programming language to examine issues associated with the general conference theme of Ada in Use. The papers cover a wide range of issues, including application to data bases and distributed systems, debugging and evaluation, design methods and implementation tools, and Ada language issues and education. The authors bring to their discussions perspectives from both academic institutions and industry, making the volume as a whole of interest to a wide range of users of the Ada language. The conference was sponsored by SIGAda of ACM with the collaboration of Ada-Europe, the Commission of the European Communites and AFCET. The book will be invaluable to all computer scientists who are interested in the Ada programming language and wish to keep pace with international developments in its use.
Effect of urban vs. rural residence on the association between atopy and wheeze in Latin America: findings from a case–control analysis (2014)

Our data suggest that urban residence modifies the association between HDM atopy and recent wheeze, and this effect is explained partly by geohelminth infections.
Emerging Insights into Barriers to Effective Brain Tumor Therapeutics (2014)

There is great promise that ongoing advances in the delivery of therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS) combined with rapidly expanding knowledge of brain tumor patho-biology will provide new, more effective therapies. Brain tumors that form from brain cells, as opposed to those that come from other parts of the body, rarely metastasize outside of the CNS. Instead, the tumor cells invade deep into the brain itself, causing disruption in brain circuits, blood vessel and blood flow changes, and tissue swelling. Patients with the most common and deadly form, glioblastoma (GBM) rarely live more than 2 years even with the most aggressive treatments and often with devastating neurological consequences. Current treatments include maximal safe surgical removal or biopsy followed by radiation and chemotherapy to address the residual tumor mass and invading tumor cells. However, delivering effective and sustained treatments to these invading cells without damaging healthy brain tissue is a major challenge and focus of the emerging fields of nanomedicine and viral and cell-based therapies. New treatment strategies, particularly those directed against the invasive component of this devastating CNS disease, are sorely needed. In this review, we (1) discuss the history and evolution of treatments for GBM, (2) define and explore three critical barriers to improving therapeutic delivery to invasive brain tumors, specifically, the neuro-vascular unit as it relates to the blood brain barrier, the extra-cellular space in regard to the brain penetration barrier, and the tumor genetic heterogeneity and instability in association with the treatment efficacy barrier, and (3) identify promising new therapeutic delivery approaches that have the potential to address these barriers and create sustained, meaningful efficacy against GBM.
Organically-modified mesoporous silica spheres with MCM-41 architecture (2002)

International audience
Grain Oriented Silicon Steel Sheet with New Ceramic Films Characterized by Ultra-Low Iron Loss (1992)

An improvement in the iron loss in grain oriented silicon steel sheet was investigated for ceramic coatings of TiN, CrN and TiC produced by ion plating on polished silicon steel sheets. The experimental results obtained are summarized as follows.(1) The magnetic flux density B8 (T) of silicon steel sheets with the ceramic films was moderately increased by 0.004–0.015 T, while the iron loss W17⁄50 (W/kg) was dramatically improved by 0.12–0.20 W/kg. This improvement in the iron loss was most marked in silicon steel sheets with a higher magnetic flux density. For example, silicon steel sheet with B8=1.93 T and W17⁄50=0.88 W/kg resulted in magnetic domain refinement for a very low iron loss of 0.55 W/kg, which corresponds to an improvement in iron loss of about 40%.(2) Silicon steel sheets with TiN or CrN films showed dramatically improved magnetic properties, while samples with TiC, SiC, SiO2, or Al2O3 films showed slightly less improvement than those with TiN or CrN films.(3) The ceramic film-coated silicon steel sheets showed no deterioration in magnetic properties after strain-relief annealing, superior compressive stress dependence on magnetostriction, and good lamination performance.(4) The attainment of ultra-low iron loss was due to an improvement in the hysteresis loss by using a polished steel surface that was clean and free from impurities, and to the reduced eddy current loss arising from the strong surface tension of the ceramic films.(5) It is considered that ceramic coating of a polished silicon steel sheet by such physical techniques as PVD and CVD is suitable for improving the iron loss in silicon steel sheet.
Cell death after irradiation: how, when and why cells die (2009)

Key points 39 Bibliography 39 Further reading 40The successful use of radiation to treat cancer results primarily from its ability to cause the death of individual tumour cells. As discussed in Chapter 2, the biological consequences of irradiation, including cell death, are highly influenced by pathways within the DNA damage response (DDR) system. The DDR determines not only the sensitivity of cells to die following irradiation, but also the type of cell death that occurs, and the timing of cell death. Because the DDR differs among different types of normal and tumour cells (and perhaps even within different populations of tumour cells), the manifestation of cell death can also differ widely among different cell types.
Probing structural requirements of fMLP receptor: On the size of the hydrophobic pocket corresponding to residue 2 of the tripeptide (2002)

The conformationally constrained f-L-Met-Acnc-L-Phe-OMe (n = 4,9–12) tripeptides, analogues of the chemoattractant f-L-Met-L-Leu-L-Phe-OH, were synthesized in solution by classical methods and fully characterized. These compounds and the published f-L-Met-Xxx-L-Phe-OMe (Xxx = Aib and Acnc where n = 3, 5–8) analogues were compared to determine the combined effect of backbone preferred conformation and side-chain bulkiness at position 2 on the relation of 3D-structure to biological activity. A conformational study of all the analogues was performed in solution by FT-IR absorption and 1H-NMR techniques. In parallel, each peptide was tested for its ability to induce chemotaxis, superoxide anion production and lysozyme secretion from human neutrophils. The biological and conformational data are discussed in relation to the proposed model of the chemotactic receptor on neutrophils, in particular of the hydrophobic pocket accommodating residue 2 of the tripeptide. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: AMINOSAEUREN UND PEPTIDE 3. MITT. SYNTH. VON PEPTIDEN MIT PHENYLALANINRESTEN, DIE IM AROMATISCHEN RING FLUOR ENTHALTEN (1970)

Abstract Aus dem Natriumsalz des L‐Phenylalanins sowie des D,L‐p‐Fluorphenylalanins (IV) und dem p‐Nitrophenylester des N‐Cbz‐S‐benzyl‐L‐cysteins (II) erhält man in Dioxan die beiden Dipeptide (V) und (VI).
Biomimetic thermo-responsive star diblock gelators (2004)

We report the synthesis of novel biomimetic gelators with star diblock copolymer architectures by sequential monomer addition via alcoholic ATRP at 20 degrees C; free-standing gels can be formed from 5% aqueous copolymer solutions at 37 degrees C.
Choroid-resident macrophages maintain local vasculature and RPE integrity and spontaneously regenerate following depletion (2019)

Abstract The choroid of the eye provides necessary vascular supply to the outer retina across the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) layer and is a locus of progressive degenerative change in aging and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Cellular mechanisms that maintain or compromise choroidal vasculature homeostasis are not well understood, complicating therapeutic efforts. We discover here that pharmacological ablation of macrophages normally resident in the adult mouse choroid via blockade of the CSF1 receptor resulted in progressive thinning of the choroid layer and atrophy of the choriocapillaris. Concurrently, choroidal macrophage ablation also induced structural disorganization of the RPE cell layer, downregulation of RPE visual cycle genes, and altered RPE angiogenic factor expression. Suspension of CSF1R blockade following ablation conversely enabled spontaneous regeneration of the choroidal macrophage population, restoring original macrophage distribution and morphological features. Macrophage repopulation significantly ameliorated the ablation-induced changes in RPE structure and angiogenic factor expression and arrested choroidal vascular atrophy. These findings reveal a previously unsuspected trophic function of resident choroidal macrophages in the maintenance of choroidal vasculature and the RPE layer, suggesting that insufficiency of macrophage function may contribute to age- and AMD-associated pathology. Modulating choroidal macrophage support function can constitute a strategy for therapeutic preservation of the choroid and RPE in AMD prevention and treatment. Significance Statement Choroidal atrophy is associated with normal aging and progression in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness. Herein, we identify the choroidal macrophage as a critical player in the homeostatic maintenance of choroid-RPE complex of the eye. Depletion of choroidal macrophages resulted in progressive vascular atrophy, altered structure of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, and dysregulated RPE expression of visual cycle protein and angiogenic factors, VEGF and PEDF. We discovered that choroidal macrophages can regenerate and repopulate the choroid following depletion, ameliorating RPE alterations and arresting vascular atrophy. Our results suggest that insufficiency of macrophage function may contribute to age- and AMD-associated pathology, and modulation of macrophage support functions may be therapeutically useful in AMD prevention and treatment.
Internal Mammary Arteriovenous Fistula After Sternotomy (1982)

A patient who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery was found to have a continuous murmur two weeks postoperatively. The diagnosis of internal mammary arteriovenous fistula was made by arteriography, which ruled out a more serious complication involving a saphenous vein to coronary artery anastomosis. The fistula was approached through the intercostal spaces above and below and ligated without difficulty. These are rare occurrences, usually asymptomatic, and are treated by ligation or ligation and excision. The etiology was thought to be closure of the median sternotomy incision with parasternal wires.
Mass spectrometry of 5-chloro-7-halogenooxime nickel(II) chelates (1976)

In order to examine the effect of the substituting groups in the mass spectrometry of divalent metal oxinates, nickel (II) chelates of 5-chloro-7-halogenooxine (halogens : chlorine, bromine and iodine) were studied.Measurements were made with a Hitachi double focus mass spectrometer RMU-7, by means of the direct inlet system. The conditions are: ionization voltage 70 eV, ion accelerating voltage 1800 V, total emission current 80 μA and ion source temperature 250 °C.The ligands, 5-chloro-7-halogenooxine, show two fragmentation processes: (1) removal of CO from the molecular ion, followed by the loss of the halogen radical at 7-position, and (2) removal of the halogen radical at 7-position, followed by the loss of CO and the halogen radical at 5-position. Every nickel chelate loses one ligand radical from a 2:1 molecular ion to give 1:1 fragment ion. However, nickel chelates of 5-chloro-7-bromo- and 5-chloro-7-iodooxine were observed to lose bromine or iodine radical, while this phenomenon was not observed with 5, 7-dichlorooxine nickel chelate. The fragment ion derived from the 1:1 fragment ion by the loss of CO released the chlorine radical firstly to give 5-chlorooxine. However, 7-iodooxine lost the iodine radical firstly and then nickel was removed. In bromooxine, both fragmentation processes were observed simultaneously.
The complex refractive index of atmospheric and model humic-like substances (HULIS) retrieved by a cavity ring down aerosol spectrometer (CRD-AS) (2007)

Atmospheric aerosols absorb and reflect solar radiation causing surface cooling and heating of the atmosphere. The interaction between aerosols and radiation depends on their complex index of refraction, which is related to the particles' chemical composition. The contribution of light absorbing organic compounds, such as HUmic-LIke Substances (HULIS) to aerosol scattering and absorption is among the largest uncertainties in assessing the direct effect of aerosols on climate. Using a Cavity Ring Down Aerosol Spectrometer (CRD-AS), the complex index of refraction of aerosols containing HULIS extracted from pollution, smoke, and rural continental aerosols, and molecular weight-fractionated fulvic acid was measured at 390 nm and 532 nm. The imaginary part of the refractive index (absorption) substantially increases towards the UV range with increasing molecular weight and aromaticity. At both wavelengths, HULIS extracted from pollution and smoke particles absorb more than HULIS from the rural aerosol. Sensitivity calculations for a pollution-type aerosol containing ammonium sulfate, organic carbon (HULIS), and soot suggests that accounting for absorption by HULIS leads in most cases to a significant decrease in the single scattering albedo and to a significant increase in aerosol radiative forcing efficiency, towards more atmospheric absorption and heating. This indicates that HULIS in biomass smoke and pollution aerosols, in addition to black carbon, can contribute significantly to light absorption in the ultraviolet and visible spectral regions.
Gallium lanthanum sulphide optical fibrefor active and passive applications (1996)

The authors report on the first demonstration of optical fibres based on the Ga:La:S system. Core-clad structures have been fabricated by the rod and tube method and pulled into lengths > 200 m. Transmission over the wavelength range 1.0 to 6.5 µm, with fibre loss approaching the absorption and scattering level of the bulk glass, is obtained, opening the possibility of new fibre device applications of this promising glass host.
Excited state molecular structures and reactions directly determined by ultrafast electron diffraction (2005)

In this communication, we report on the use of ultrafast electron diffraction to determine structural dynamics of excited states and reaction products of isolated aromatic carbonyls, acetophenone and benzaldehyde. For a 266 nm excitation, a bifurcation of pathways is structurally resolved, one leading to the formation of the triplet state (quinoid structure) and another to chemical products: for benzaldehyde the products are benzene and carbon monoxide (hydrogen migration and bond rupture) while those for acetophenone are the benzoyl and methyl radicals (bond rupture). The refined structures are compared with those predicted by theory. These dark structures and their radiationless transitions define the reduced energy landscape for complex reactions.
Dysautonomia (2011)

Severe autonomic failure occurs in approximately 1 in 1,000 people. Such patients are remarkable for the striking and sometimes paradoxic responses they manifest to a variety of physiologic and pharmacologic stimuli. Orthostatic hypotension is often the finding most commonly noted by physicians, but a myriad of additional and less understood findings also occur. These findings include supine hypertension, altered drug sensitivity, hyperresponsiveness of blood pressure to hypo/hyperventilation, sleep apnea, and other neurologic disturbances. In this article the authors will review the clinical pathophysiology that underlies autonomic failure, with a particular emphasis on those aspects most relevant to the care of such patients in the perioperative setting. Strategies used by clinicians in diagnosis and treatment of these patients, and the effect of these interventions on the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care that these patients undergo is a crucial element in the optimized management of care in these patients.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Functions of Cubane‐Type M<sub>4</sub>S<sub>4</sub> Clusters (2011)

Abstract Review: 91 refs.
The expression of prion protein by endothelial cells: a source of the plasma form of prion protein? (2002)

The neuronal prion protein (PrPC) is also expressed within peripheral tissues including human blood. The majority of blood PrPC is found within the plasma fraction. We hypothesized that the vascular endothelium could be a source of this PrPC. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that both human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) expressed PrPC mRNA. Flow cytometry confirmed PrPC expression on HMEC-1s and HUVECs (120900 +/- 15058 and 58327 +/- 4577 molecules PrPC/cell respectively), with no upregulation following cellular activation. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that HMEC-1s and HUVECs were positive for PrPC on the plasma membrane. Time-resolved dissociation-enhanced fluoroimmunoassay (DELFIA) analysis of cell culture medium demonstrated a slow constitutive release of soluble PrPC not associated with activation. In contrast to von Willebrand factor antigen, PrPC plasma levels in vivo decrease following desmopressin therapy in patients with von Willebrand disease. Measurement of PrPC plasma levels in patients with varying blood counts demonstrated no association between cell count and PrPC concentration. However, there was a higher level of PrPC in plasma from patients with end-stage renal failure. In conclusion, endothelial cells of both macrovascular and microvascular origin expressed high levels of PrPC which can be constitutively released into the cell culture medium.
Abstract B224: Multi-tyrosine kinase targeting resulting in concomitant downregulation of proliferation/survival pathways dependent on FGF-R3, Jak2 and BCMA in human multiple myeloma cells (2009)

Abstract Proliferation/survival pathways constitutively activated by genetic alterations in multiple myeloma (MM), or sustained by the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, provide opportunities for the development of novel targeted therapies. Deregulated protein tyrosine kinases (TKs) involved in these pathways may play a critical role in driving the MM malignant phenotype thus representing attractive therapeutic targets. We have investigated the effects of a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor (1,3-dihydro-5,6-dimethoxy-3-[(4-hydrophenyl)methylene]1-indol-2-one) (named RPI-1 in our laboratory) in a panel of human MM cell lines, including t(4;14) positive cell lines expressing the TK receptor FGF-R3. Cells harboring FGF-R3 activating mutations (KMS11 and OPM2) displayed the highest sensitivity to the drug antiproliferative effect. However, proliferation induced by the FGF-R3 ligand, aFGF, was abrogated even in cells harboring a non-constitutively active receptor. Drug treatment inhibited activation and expression of the FGF-R3Y373C mutant as well as aFGF-dependent signaling involving AKT and ERKs. Jak2 has been identified as an additional target of RPI-1 in MM cells. Inhibition of Jak2 TK resulted in STAT3 inactivation. Blockade of these proliferation/survival pathways was associated with activation of caspase-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, the TK inhibitor abrogated proliferative and pro-invasive stimuli provided by conditioned medium from mesenchymal stromal cells. Gene expression analysis of KMS11 cells showed 22 upregulated and 52 downregulated genes upon RPI-1 treatment, with an early modulation of genes implicated in MM pathobiology such as SAT-1, MYC, MIP-1α/β, FGF-R3, and the growth factor receptor B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA). Thus, concomitant blockade of FGF-R3 and Jak2 results in inhibition of several MM-promoting pathways, including BCMA-regulated signaling, and downregulation of disease-associated proteins. Overall, these data support the therapeutic interest for FGF-R3/JAK2 multi-target approaches in the treatment of t(4;14) MM. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):B224.