gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unravelling the Contribution of Kinetics and Mass Transport Phenomena to Impedance Spectra in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: Development and Validation of a 1D Physics-Based Analytical Model (2020)

Vanadium redox flow battery technology can support the spread of energy storage in stationary applications and allow higher penetration of renewables in the electric grid. Currently, its market competitiveness is hindered by low power density, which stems from complex interplay between kinetic and mass transport losses. The quantitative interpretation of experimental observations should rely on physics-based models, which allow a consistent comparison of different operative conditions. In this work, a fast analytical physics-based 1D model of the impedance of vanadium flow battery is presented and validated with respect to experimental data. The model, made available online at http://mrtfuelcell.polimi.it , employs a macro-homogeneous approach and considers losses due to kinetics, reactant distribution within the electrode (Sigracet® SGL 39 AA carbon paper), convection in flow channel and vanadium transport to electrode surface. Additionally, analytical expressions of contributions to impedance of single physical phenomena are derived through an asymptotical analysis. The results show that, at negative electrode, transport of ions to active surface is the limiting phenomenon at lower flow rates, while at higher flow rates depletion of reactants within electrode becomes critical together with charge transfer processes. At positive electrode, the main contribution to performance loss is the vanadium transport to electrode surface.
Reaction cross sections for<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>14</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>+<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>14</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1982)

Excitation functions for the yields of eleven residual nuclei from the $^{14}\mathrm{N}$+ $^{14}\mathrm{N}$ reaction have been measured over the range ${E}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}=7\ensuremath{-}25$ MeV in steps of \ensuremath{\sim} 250 keV with $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray techniques. The magnitude and energy dependence of the excitation functions for the partial yields are very different from those for the $^{12}\mathrm{C}$+ $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ system. The total fusion cross section is similar to that from $^{12}\mathrm{C}$+ $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ when compared at the same center of mass energy, but appears to saturate at an energy and magnitude which are lower than expected from previous systematics. Small, regular fluctuations can be seen in the fusion cross section at the 1-2% level.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{14}\mathrm{N}(^{14}\mathrm{N}, x)$; ${E}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}=7\ensuremath{-}25$ MeV; measured excitation functions for production of $A=16\ensuremath{-}27$ reaction products, observed small structures at ${E}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}=15.0, 17.1, 18.5, 20.4, \mathrm{and} 22.0$ MeV; deduced critical angular momentum for fusion.
Electron paramagnetic resonance detection of the giant concentration of nitrogen vacancy defects in sintered detonation nanodiamonds (2010)

A giant concentration of nitrogen vacancy defects has been revealed by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method in a detonation nanodiamond sintered at high pressure and temperature. A high coherence of the electron spins at room temperature has been observed and the angular dependences of the EPR spectra indicate the complete orientation of the diamond system.
A Robot Centric Perspective on the HRI Paradigm (2013)

The industrial revolution undoubtedly defined the role of machines in our society, and it directly shaped the paradigm for human machine interaction - a paradigm which was inherited by the field of Human Robot Interaction (HRI) as the machines became robots. This paper argues that, for a foreseeable set of interactions, reshaping this paradigm would result in more effective and more often successful interactions. This paper presents our Robot Centric paradigm for HRI. Evidence in the form of summaries of relevant literature and our past efforts in developing social-robotics enabling technology is presented to support our paradigm. A definition and a set of recommendations for designing the key enabling component, sociocontextual cues, of our paradigm are presented. Finally, empirical evidence generated through a number of experiments and field studies (N = 456 and N = 320) demonstrates our paradigm is both feasibly incorporated into HRI and moreover, yields significant contributions to the successfulness of a set of HRIs.
Extractives on Fibre Surfaces Studied by Xps, Tof-Sims and Different Extraction Methods (2002)

Effects of different extraction methods on the extractives content, surface coverage and distribution was studied in a birch ECF pulp sample using Gas Chromatography (GC), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA) and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). No effects on the extractive content and surface coverage were observed for this sample. The surface composition and distribution was significantly affected by different extraction methods. Acetone extraction could not remove completely fatty acids, calcium soaps and sterols and acetone-acetic acid extraction was not completely effective for free fatty acids. A special phosphate method removed extractives from the top monolayer and seemed to give an extractive-free surface as analysed by ToF-SIMS.
Attenuation of postischemic cerebral hypoperfusion by the 21-aminosteroid U74006F. (1988)

The ability of the nonglucocorticoid 21-aminosteroid U74006F, a potent inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, to antagonize progressive brain hypoperfusion after a 5-minute episode of global brain ischemia was examined in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized cats. Immediately after a 5-minute episode of near-total tourniquet-induced brain ischemia, cortical blood flow returned to normal or above normal. Thereafter, cortical blood flow fell progressively to a level 71.7% below normal by 3 hours after ischemia. In contrast, in cats that received 1 mg/kg i.v. U74006F 15 minutes after the ischemic episode, cortical blood flow remained significantly greater than that seen in vehicle-treated cats. At 3 hours, cortical blood flow had declined by only 45.7% (p less than 0.04 compared with vehicle). In addition, U74006F treatment significantly improved postischemic maintenance of blood pressure and recovery of somatosensory evoked potentials and reduced postischemic arterial blood acidosis. U74006F had no effect on cortical blood flow, somatosensory evoked potentials, or blood pressure in nonischemic cats. Our results suggest that U74006F may be useful in the early treatment of global cerebral ischemia.
Highly Selective Isolation and Separation of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and 3- <i>epi</i> -25-Hydroxyvitamin D Metabolites from Serum (2012)

The data showed a good correlation between the routine service for adults and infant patient samples and illustrated the need to resolve the epimers. The unique selectivity of the pentafluorophenyl phase combined with the selective protein depletion and phospholipid enable a fast, accurate and robust analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and related forms, which are otherwise unattainable with commonly used sample preparation and reversed-phase HPLC approaches.
Die Weltrekorde der Schmarotzer, Teil 1 (2002)

Parasiten gelten als hinterhältige, hässliche und vor allem als faule Gesellen, die auf Kosten ihrer bedauernswerten Wirte in Saus und Braus leben. Dass sie sich ihr scheinbar so leichtes Leben aber mit rekordverdächtigen Spitzenleistungen erarbeiten, wird meist übersehen. Daher sollen in den nächsten BiuZ-Ausgaben zu ihrer Ehrenrettung einige jener Leistungsrekorde vorgestellt werden, die ihnen helfen, den täglichen Überlebenskampf zu bestehen.
Behavior of ablated plasma in laser-triggered vacuum switch (2001)

Bi-directional pulse generator system is well convenient to generate a high-current charged particle beam using a linear induction accelerator because it requires no induction magnetic cores. However, in order to obtain an ideal bi-directional voltage pulse, it is necessary to reduce the inductance and resistance of the main gap switch. Therefore, laser-triggered vacuum switch is adequate for a main switch of bi-directional pulse generator because of its low inductance, high speed switching and easy parallel operation. In previous study, the electrical characteristics of a laser-triggered multi-arc vacuum switch were investigated. It is observed that a laser-triggered vacuum gap switch can be operate with very low delay time and very low jitter in wide range of applied voltage as long as negative voltage is applied to the target electrode. In present study, the behavior of ablated plasma in the gap was investigated. The switch electrodes were made of copper or aluminum, the surfaces of which were irradiated through lenses by the fundamental (1064 nm) or the third harmonics (355 nm) of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The maximum output energy and the pulse width of the laser are 650 mJ and 4-7 ns, respectively. The influences of the target materials, the wavelength and the output energy of the laser beam were discussed.
Surgical Management of Severe Liver Trauma (1989)

Severe devascularizing liver injuries continue to carry a high mortality. Rapid operative intervention to achieve hemostasis and debride devitalized tissue remains essential to salvaging these patients. For those with unsalvageable liver injuries liver transplantation can be employed. Careful support of the patient in the anhepatic state, reversal of coagulopathy, and use of venous bypass intraoperatively permit successful transplantation.
Multilevel transformerless topologies for single-phase grid-connected converters (2006)

Multilevel voltage source inverters synthesize the AC output terminal voltage from several levels of voltages, stepped waveforms can be produced, which approach the reference waveform with low harmonic distortion, thus reducing filter requirements. The need of several sources on the DC side of the converter makes multilevel technology attractive for photovoltaic and fuel cells applications. For low-power grid connected applications a single phase converter can be used and it is possible to remove the transformer in the inverter in order to reduce losses, costs and size. Galvanic connection of the grid and the DC sources in transformerless systems can introduce additional leakage currents due to the earth capacitance. This currents increase conducted and radiated electromagnetic emissions, harmonics injected in the utility grid and looses. Amplitude and spectrum of leakage current depends not only on converter topology, it depends also on switching strategy and resonant circuit formed by the ground capacitance, the converter, the AC filter and the grid. In this paper several topologies are analyzed and compared focusing on leakage current potential
Oxidative DNA damage and 8‐hydroxy‐2‐deoxyguanosine DNA glycosylase/apurinic lyase in human breast cancer (2001)

To test the hypothesis that oxidative stress is involved in breast cancer, we compared the levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), an oxidized DNA base common in cells undergoing oxidative stress, in normal breast tissues from women with or without breast cancer. We found that breast cancer patients (N = 76) had a significantly higher level of 8-oxo-dG than control subjects (N = 49). The mean ( +/- SD) values of 8-oxo-dG/10(5) dG, as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography electrochemical detection, were 10.7 +/- 15.5 and 6.3 +/- 6.8 for cases and controls, respectively (P = 0.035). This difference also was found by immunohistochemistry with double-fluorescence labeling and laser-scanning cytometry. The average ratios (x10(6)) of the signal intensity of antibody staining to that of DNA content were 3.9 +/- 7.2 and 1.1 +/- 1.4 for cases (N = 57) and controls (N = 34), respectively (P = 0.008). There was no correlation between the ages of the study subjects and the levels of 8-oxo-dG. Cases also had a significantly higher level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine DNA glycosylase/apurinic lyase (hOGG1) protein expression in normal breast tissues than controls (P = 0.008). There was no significant correlation between hOGG1 expression and 8-oxo-dG. Polymorphism of the hOGG1 gene was very rare in this study population. The previously reported exon 1 polymorphism and two novel mutations of the hOGG1 gene were found in three of 168 cases and two of 55 controls. In conclusion, normal breast tissues from cancer patients had a significantly higher level of oxidative DNA damage. The elevated level of 8-oxo-dG in cancer patients was not related to age or to deficiency of the hOGG1 repair gene.
A Method for Measuring Leaf Volume, Density, Thickness, and Internal Gas Volume (1983)

Abstract A fast, simple, and accurate method is presented for the determination of volume, thickness, and density of leaves and the volume of internal air spaces of leaves and other plant organs. The method is based on the application of Archimedes’ principle and involves the determination of the buoyant force acting on plant organs submerged in water.
Pioneering studies on the flotation of corundum from a Montana gneiss (1987)

Here we describe the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a patient diagnosed as hereditary tyrosinemia type I (HT1) caused by FAH gene mutation. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were developed using non-integrating episomal vectors containing OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, BCL-XL and MYC. The established iPSC line (SDQLCHi026-A) displayed pluripotent cell morphology, high expression levels of pluripotency markers, differentiation potential in vitro, normal karyotype, and remaining the original FAH gene mutation.
Storing small photonic cluster states in a dephasing environment (2010)

We consider the effects of decoherence on the entanglement of photonic cluster states. Large photonic cluster states can be constructed via so-called fusion operations from smaller photonic cluster states. Due to this construction process, it is necessary to store these primitive cluster states in some way so as to have them available for attempted fusion operations. While in storage the photonic cluster states may undergo dephasing. The effects of dephasing on primitive cluster states is explored here with the aim of determining how to locally rotate the qubits of the cluster state in the hopes of losing the least amount of entanglement due to the dephasing process.
Cutaneous Anthrax Associated With Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia and Coagulopathy in a 7-Month-Old Infant (2002)

A 7-month-old infant with cutaneous anthrax developed severe systemic illness despite early treatment with antibiotics. The infant displayed severe microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with renal involvement, coagulopathy, and hyponatremia. These findings are unusual with cutaneous anthrax, but have been described in illness resulting from spider toxin and may delay correct diagnosis. The systemic manifestations of the disease persisted for nearly a month despite corticosteroid therapy, but resolved.
Lack of cardiac α<sub>1</sub>-adrenoceptor involvement in ethanol-induced cardiac hypertrophy (1989)

The development of cardiac hypertrophy was examined in rats given ethanol in a nutritionally adequate, liquid diet mixture, by intubation, in severely intoxicating doses at 8-h intervals for up to 96 h, alone or in combination with prazosin. Other groups of rats received isocalorically paired quantities of maltose-dextrin. Adrenal glands of rats receiving ethanol were larger than those from control animals. Prazosin did not affect this measure. In contrast, concurrent treatment with prazosin enhanced the loss of medullary catecholamines and noradrenaline from hearts of rats given ethanol, while it had no such effects in controls. Reflecting these changes, excreted quantities of catecholamines were markedly increased in rats given ethanol and prazosin. Hearts of animals given the combined treatment of ethanol and prazosin showed cardiomegaly at 24 h, when there was an increase of about 20% in proportional heart weight, an increase that persisted through the remaining 3 days of the study. At 48 h, hearts of animals given prazosin and ethanol were heavier than those given ethanol alone. A significant correlation between catecholamine excretion and the development of cardiac hypertrophy was identified. The results of the study show that prazosin can enhance effects of ethanol on the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. Moreover, the results suggest that postsynaptic alpha 1-adrenoceptor stimulation in the heart is not an important contributor to ethanol-induced cardiomegaly.
Distribution of estrogen receptor α and β in the mouse central nervous system: In vivo autoradiographic and immunocytochemical analyses (2004)

Although the distribution of estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) immunoreactivity in the rat central nervous has been reported, no such data are available in the mouse. The present study used in vivo autoradiography utilizing a (125)I-estrogen that has equal binding affinity for both receptors as well as immunohistochemistry for ERbeta and ERalpha, to investigate and compare the distribution of the two ERs in the mouse CNS. The use specific antisera against ERalpha and ERbeta allowed us to evaluate the contribution of these receptors to the binding detected with autoradiography. In addition, data were collected in ovariectomized wildtype and ERalpha KO (knockout) mice to examine developmental regulation of ERbeta expression by ERalpha. These studies revealed that in the mouse CNS, combining immunoreactivity for ERalpha with that for ERbeta accounted for all regions where binding was seen using autoradiography. Therefore, these data strongly suggest that the major contributors of estrogen binding in the mouse CNS are ERalpha and ERbeta. Together, these data provide an anatomical foundation for future studies and advance our understanding of estrogen action in the CNS. Moreover, since the immunocytochemical images were similar in wildtype and ERalpha KO mice, these studies suggest that the lack of ERalpha does not influence the expression of ERbeta in the central nervous system.
On the ZBDD-based nonenumerative path delay fault coverage calculation (2005)

We devise one exact and one pessimistic path delay fault (PDF) grading algorithms for combinational circuits. The first algorithm, an extension to the basic grading algorithm of Padmanaban, Michael, and Tragoudas (2003), does not store all of the detected PDFs during the course of grading, and, as a further improvement, it utilizes compressed representation of PDFs. These two techniques yield a space-and-time efficient algorithm. To enable grading of circuits with exponential number of paths, a circuit is first partitioned into a set of subcircuits. The second algorithm efficiently calculates the coverage of partitioned circuits. The former algorithm results in 50%-70% reduction in space and a speedup from 1.6 to 2.48 in ISCAS85 benchmarks. The time complexity of the latter algorithm is O(N/sup 2/) subset operations per test vector where N is the number of nets in the circuit.
Dyslipidemia and Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetic Pigs Fed an Atherogenic Diet (1999)

Diabetic patients typically have not only hyperglycemia but also dyslipidemia. Study of the pathogenic components of the diabetic milieu and mechanisms of accelerated atherosclerosis is hindered by inadequate animal models. A potentially suitable animal model for human diabetic dyslipidemia is the pig, because it carries a large fraction of total cholesterol in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), similar to humans. In this study, male Sinclair miniature pigs were made diabetic by destroying the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas with alloxan and then were fed a high fat and high cholesterol diet for comparison with pigs fed a nondiabetic high fat and high cholesterol diet and control pigs. Diabetic pigs exhibited hyperglycemia, but plasma urea nitrogen, creatinine, and transaminase levels were in the normal range, indicating no adverse effects on kidney and liver function. The lipoprotein profile in diabetic pigs was similar to that found in human diabetic patients and was characterized by hypertriglyceridemia (2.8-fold increase versus control and high fat-fed pigs) and a profound shift of cholesterol distribution into the LDL fraction (81%) versus the distribution in high fat-fed (64%) and control (57%) pigs. LDL particles were lipid-enriched and more heterogeneous in diabetic pigs. Apolipoprotein B was distributed among a much broader spectrum of LDL particles, and apolipoprotein E was partially redistributed from high-density lipoprotein to apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in diabetic pigs. There was little change in apolipoprotein A-I distribution. Diabetic pigs showed several early signs of excess vascular disease. In diabetic pigs, 75% of the coronary artery segments showed contractile oscillations in response to prostaglandin F(2alpha) compared with 25% in high fat-fed pigs and 10% in control pigs. Endothelium-dependent relaxation of brachial arteries was nearly abolished in diabetic pigs but unchanged in high fat-fed versus control pigs. Carotid artery Sudan IV staining for fatty streaks was significantly increased only in diabetic pigs. This porcine model should provide insights into the etiology of human diabetic dyslipidemia and facilitate study of peripheral vascular and coronary artery disease in diabetic patients.
Particle Size Distribution of Alginate-Pectin Microspheres: Effect of Composition and Methods of Production (2007)

Microspheres are used in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields to encapsulate drugs. Drug delivery through encapsulated microspheres gives controlled release as well as long shelf life for the drugs. Drug release kinetics depends on particle size distribution of the microspheres. It is necessary to find the microsphere particle size and distribution for the targeted delivery. Many parameters affect the microsphere size distribution, mainly composition of material and stabilizer used to prepare emulsion. In this research different ratio of alginate- pectin (70:30; 75:25; 80:20) emulsions were prepared using rotary type hand mixer. Span 85 was used as a stabilizer. Among the different ratios 75:25 was selected to prepare microsphere in four different methods viz., sonication, magnetic stirring, spraying and using rotary type hand mixer. Calcium carbonate (5%) and 1.0M calcium chloride were used for gelation during microsphere preparation. Particle size was measured using Mastersizer 2000 (Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK). Modeling of the particle size distribution was done through Rosin-Rammler- (RR) and Log-Probability (LP) models. RR model was found to fit well with the experimental data for all the composition and methods of microsphere preparation.