gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Anisotropy and Rotational Hysteresis in Elongated Fine-Particle Magnets (1957)

Various aspects of the magnetic anisotropy of electrodeposited elongated single-domain Fe and FeCo alloy particles are examined with a view to better understanding their process of magnetization. The initial increase of coercivity with increase of the angle between alignment direction and measuring field is in qualitative accord with the prediction of the chain-of-spheres model with fanning, as previously proposed, and in contrast to coherent rotation models. Analyses of high-field torque curves and of the fields at which rotational hysteresis vanishes suggest that an anisotropy is present which is a little greater than predicted by the chain-of-spheres model but less than that predicted by the Stoner-Wohlfarth ellipsoid model, for the observed dimensional ratios. Calculations of the rotational hysteresis in single domain-particles are extended to the chain-of-spheres model. A study of the rotational hysteresis enables a relatively sensitive choice between several models of the magnetization process. Comparison of the observed and predicted values for the rotational hysteresis integral, ∫(Wr/Is)d(1/H), indicates strongly that a nonuniform rotation process, like fanning in a chain-of-spheres, is operative in electrodeposited elongated single-domain particles.
RETRACTED: <scp>HDAC</scp> ‐inhibitor (S)‐8 disrupts <scp>HDAC</scp> 6‐ <scp>PP</scp> 1 complex prompting A375 melanoma cell growth arrest and apoptosis (2014)

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are agents capable of inducing growth arrest and apoptosis in different tumour cell types. Previously, we reported a series of novel HDACi obtained by hybridizing SAHA or oxamflatin with 1,4-benzodiazepines. Some of these hybrids proved effective against haematological and solid cancer cells and, above all, compound (S)-8 has emerged for its activities in various biological systems. Here, we describe the effectiveness of (S)-8 against highly metastatic human A375 melanoma cells by using normal PIG1 melanocytes as control. (S)-8 prompted: acetylation of histones H3/H4 and α-tubulin; G0 /G1 and G2 /M cell cycle arrest by rising p21 and hypophos-phorylated RB levels; apoptosis involving the cleavage of PARP and caspase 9, BAD protein augmentation and cytochrome c release; decrease in cell motility, invasiveness and pro-angiogenic potential as shown by results of wound-healing assay, down-regulation of MMP-2 and VEGF-A/VEGF-R2, besides TIMP-1/TIMP-2 up-regulation; and also intracellular accumulation of melanin and neutral lipids. The pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk, but not the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine, contrasted these events. Mechanistically, (S)-8 allows the disruption of cytoplasmic HDAC6-protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) complex in A375 cells thus releasing the active PP1 that dephosphorylates AKT and blocks its downstream pro-survival signalling. This view is consistent with results obtained by: inhibiting PP1 with Calyculin A; using PPP1R2-transfected cells with impaired PP1 activity; monitoring drug-induced HDAC6-PP1 complex re-shuffling; and, abrogating HDAC6 expression with specific siRNA. Altogether, (S)-8 proved very effective against melanoma A375 cells, but not normal melanocytes, and safe to normal mice thus offering attractive clinical prospects for treating this aggressive malignancy.
Error Reduction in Magnetoquasistatic Positioning Using Orthogonal Emitter Measurements (2012)

Measurements of the emitted magnetoquasistatic fields generated by a vertical emitting loop and detected at the terminals of seven fixed vertical receiving loops, all located above earth, are used to solve for position and orientation of the emitter. The coupling between the mobile emitting and fixed receiving loops was measured over a 3 × 3 emitter grid spanning an 18 ×18-m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area and for azimuthal orientations between 0 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> and 330 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> at 30 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> increments. Inverting the theoretical coupling expressions for two-dimensional position and azimuthal orientation resulted in a mean position and orientation error of 0.62 m and 2.86 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> , respectively. Calculations including orthogonal-emitter configurations resulted in a mean position and orientation error of 0.21 m and 1.12 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> , respectively, which represents a 66.1% and 60.8% reduction in error, respectively.
Medium-frequency (f<1 MHz) oscillations in a quadrupole electric-discharge galathea trap (“ string-bag”) (2000)

Two oscillation modes (f 1∼25 kHz, f 2∼250 kHz) experimentally observed in an electric-discharge galathea trap of the quadrupole type (“string-bag”) are described and the nature of these oscillations is discussed.
Robust Physical Layer Service Integration in Bidirectional Relay Networks : Common Messages (2013)

The efficient integration of multiple services at the physical layer is a key technique to improve the overall performance of next generation wireless networks. Further, a robust system design is inevitable, since channel uncertainty is a ubiquitous phenomenon, which becomes even worse if resources are shared with other coexisting systems inducing unknown interference. Here we consider robust physical layer service integration in bidirectional relay networks, where a relay node establishes a bidirectional communication between two other nodes using a decode-and-forward protocol. In the broadcast phase the relay efficiently integrates additional multicast services at the physical layer, which requires the study of the bidirectional broadcast channel with common messages. We establish the corresponding capacity regions for compound and arbitrarily varying channels.
Double pulse approach of electropulsation: a fluorescence analysis of the nucleus perturbation at the single cell level (2009)

Plasmid Gene transfer and expression can be obtained by the application of electric pulses to a mixture of cells and plasmids (electrogenetherapy, EGT). Electropulsation is rather well characterized at the plasma membrane level. But, the transfer to and across the nuclear envelope remains a problem. Biological approaches showed that EGT was more effective during mitosis. Recently the group of Schoenbach showed that nanosecond ultra high field pulses may affect cytoplasmic organelles including the nucleus. The need for high field was linked on one hand on the time scale and on the other on the size of the target. Therefore we made an approach of the alteration of the nucleus induced by a microsecond high electric pulse (μs HV, up to 9 kV/cm, 5 μs). This perturbation was operated alone or a few seconds after EGT pulses (10x, 0.7 kV/cm, 5 ms) needed to introduce the plasmid in the cytoplasm. Structural alterations of the nucleus organization were investigated. This was obtained by a digitized fluorescence approach at the single cell level, using Hoechst dye as a probe with a high affinity to nucleic acids. The first train of pulses (EGT) induced a huge and rapid (<2min) swelling of cells and of their nucleus associated with a decrease of the mean fluorescence of the nucleus. Mean fluorescence level and volume changes were maintained along the next 10 minutes. The application of a μs HV pulse affects the cell volume and transiently the nucleus volume without any effects on the mean fluorescence level in the nucleus.
Radioactivité β double : recherche systématique des cas favorables (1952)

On procède à la recherche systématique des corps susceptibles de donner lieu à une radioactivité β double. Une première étude utilise les formules semi-empiriques qui relient, dans la théorie de la goutte liquide, les masses atomiques des noyaux isobares à leur numéro atomique. On a fait appel, d'une part à une formule générale de Bethe, dont les coefficients s'expriment analytiquement en fonction de A, d'autre part à une formule plus récente de Mme Joliot-Curie, dont les coefficients sont déterminés empiriquement pour chaque valeur de A. Dans une seconde étude, on évalue directement l'énergie disponible pour la transition (Z) → (Z + 2) à partir des données expérimentales relatives au spectre β du noyau (Z + 1). La comparaison des résultats de ces deux études montre qu'il existe une région privilégiée pour la radioactivité βdouble négative au milieu du tableau périodique (80 < A < 130). Une quinzaine de corps possibles sont mis en évidence, pour lesquels on évalue l'énergie disponible et la période. Les plus favorables sont des isotopes de l'étain, du palladium, du cadmium, du molybdène et du ruthénium.
Photocontrol of Smad2, a Multiphosphorylated Cell‐Signaling Protein, through Caging of Activating Phosphoserines (2004)

Expressed-protein ligation has been used for the semisynthetic preparation of a Smad2 protein with caged activating phosphoserine residues. Biochemical and cell biological experiments show that the caged protein is activated upon irradiation with UV light (see scheme). This sets the stage for the detailed kinetic analysis of Smad2 function in living cells. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z461141_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Two New Withanolides from the Aerial Parts of <i>Datura innoxia</i> (1999)

Two new steroidal lactones of the withanolide group named as withametelinol (1a) and withametelinone (2) have been isolated from the aerial parts of Datura innoxia along with withametelin. The structures of the new constituents have been established as (20 R ,22 R )-21,24-epoxy-12a-hydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,5,25(27)-trienolide and (20 R ,22 R )-21,24-epoxy-1,12-dioxowitha-2,5,25(27)-trienolide through spectroscopic studies including one- and two-dimensional (COSY-45, NOESY, HMQC, HMBC) n.m.r. spectroscopy and chemical transformations.
Declining Groundwater Level of the Minjur Aquifer, Tebrak Area, Saudi Arabia (1992)

The 1980s saw a rapid expansion in irrigated agriculture in Tebrak area of Central Saudi Arabia. Wheat production was expanding especially rapidly because of the government policy to buy at advantageous price all wheat offered for sale. This placed large demands on the water resources in the Minjur Aquifer, resulting in an imbalance between water recharge and water discharge. As a result, water level in the aquifer has fallen in this area. The use of groundwater has been inefficient and in future it requires proper management that answers the questions of when to use water, how much to use, how to use it, and evaluates the purpose for which it is being used. SAUDI ARABIA is an arid region that has no perennial streams. Therefore, groundwater is the main natural water resource. Two types of aquifer have been identified in the country; the shallow alluvial aquifers along wadi systems sometimes underlain by weathered bedrock, and deep rock aquifers, usually sandstone and limestone. The shallow alluvial aquifers are generally unconfined, narrow and long, small in area, and their water
The central role of progesterone receptors and progestational agents in the management and treatment of breast cancer. (1988)

This article summarizes the role of progesterone receptors (PgRs) as markers of hormone-dependent breast cancers and the use of progestational agents in breast cancer treatment. We discuss the structure of PgRs, their purification, the production of anti-PgR monoclonal antibodies, and the use of these antibodies for clinical assays.
A charge-pump-controlled MOSFET-C single-amplifier biquad (2002)

The spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of a MOSFET-C filter can be increased greatly by generating its tuning voltage with a charge pump. In this paper, we apply this technique to build a Sallen-and-Key lowpass filter with a pole frequency of 24 MHz and a pole Q of 3. It has an SFDR better than 50 dB and consumes 16 mW from a 3.3 V supply. Implemented with a double-poly triple-metal 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS process, it covers an area of only 0.11 mm/sup 2/. In addition to a description of the filter and the charge pump, we also discuss linear and non-linear clock feed-through from the charge pump's own ring oscillator, and derive a formula for the optimum voltage swing at the MOSFET-C network nodes.
Visceral obesity and cardiometabolic risks: lessons from the VACTION.J study (2012)

Atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, develops not only due to a single cardiovascular risk factor, but to a variety of complex factors. Body fat distribution, especially visceral fat accumulation, is a major correlate of a cluster of metabolic abnormalities and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Japanese metabolic syndrome. Reduction of visceral fat through individualized lifestyle recommendations by medical personnel (health guidance ‘Hoken-shido’ in Japanese) contributes to changes in the number of obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with, but not without, visceral fat accumulation. For the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Japan, it might be practical to stratify subjects with multiple risk factors based on visceral fat accumulation and conduct health education (‘Hoken-shido’) based on conceptualization of visceral fat accumulation, from the results of the VACATION-J study, a Japanese population-based cohort study. This article discusses visceral adiposity as a target for the management of metabolic syndrome, including lessons learned from the VACATION-J study.
Pulmonary Function Changes During Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block (1994)

Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital for Special Surgery, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York
Innovation in Basic Science: Stem Cells and their role in the treatment of Paediatric Cardiac Failure – Opportunities and Challenges (2009)

Heart failure is a leading cause of death worldwide. Current therapies only delay progression of the cardiac disease or replace the diseased heart with cardiac transplantation. Stem cells represent a recently discovered novel approach to the treatment of cardiac failure that may facilitate the replacement of diseased cardiac tissue and subsequently lead to improved cardiac function and cardiac regeneration. A stem cell is defined as a cell with the properties of being clonogenic, self-renewing, and multipotent. In response to intercellular signalling or environmental stimuli, stem cells differentiate into cells derived from any of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm, a powerful advantage for regenerative therapies. Meanwhile, a cardiac progenitor cell is a multipotent cell that can differentiate into cells of any of the cardiac lineages, including endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. Stem cells can be classified into three categories: (1) adult stem cells, (2) embryonic stem cells, and (3) induced pluripotential cells. Adult stem cells have been identified in numerous organs and tissues in adults, including bone-marrow, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and, as was recently discovered, the heart. Embryonic stem cells are derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst stage of the developing embryo. Finally through transcriptional reprogramming, somatic cells, such as fibroblasts, can be converted into induced pluripotential cells that resemble embryonic stem cells. Four classes of stem cells that may lead to cardiac regeneration are: (1) Embryonic stem cells, (2) Bone Marrow derived stem cells, (3) Skeletal myoblasts, and (4) Cardiac stem cells and cardiac progenitor cells. Embryonic stem cells are problematic because of several reasons: (1) the formation of teratomas, (2) potential immunologic cellular rejection, (3) low efficiency of their differentiation into cardiomyocytes, typically 1% in culture, and (4) ethical and political issues. As of now, bone marrow derived stem cells have not been proven to differentiate reproducibly and reliably into cardiomyocytes. Skeletal myoblasts have created in vivo myotubes but have not electrically integrated with the myocardium. Cardiac stem cells and cardiac progenitor cells represent one of the most promising types of cellular therapy for children with cardiac failure.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Low Concentrator Photovoltaic Modules with Aluminium Reflectors (2008)

Abstract A low concentrating (＜ 5X) photovoltaic module with aluminum reflectors is fabricated and evaluated which is designed to reduce the affection of the high temperature to the solar cell modules preventing the efficiency lowering. As results, the output power is increased of 1.97X from the concentrating photovoltaic module which is designed with the concentrating ratio of 2.25X and to control the module temperature cooling the module by air circulation. Also, the effect of the concentrating module with aluminum reflectors on the conventional PV module is investigated at the field. The result shows the increase of the output power more than about 20% and the improvement of the module efficiency of 1.4X in spite of the increase of average module temperature. Key words Concentrator(집광장치), Photovoltaic module(태양광 모듈), Aluminium refl ector(반사판), PV module design(태양광 모듈 설계), Performance evaluation(실증연구) (접수일 2008. 11. 6, 수정일 2008. 12. 9, 게재확정일 2008. 12. 11) * 한국생산기술연구원 ■ E-mail : jeong124@kitech.re.kr
Feasibility demonstration of a massively parallelizable optical near-field sensor for sub-wavelength defect detection and imaging (2016)

To detect and resolve sub-wavelength features at optical frequencies, beyond the diffraction limit, requires sensors that interact with the electromagnetic near-field of those features. Most instruments operating in this modality scan a single detector element across the surface under inspection because the scattered signals from a multiplicity of such elements would end up interfering with each other. However, an alternative massively parallelized configuration, capable of interrogating multiple adjacent areas of the surface at the same time, was proposed in 2002. Full physics simulations of the photonic antenna detector element that enables this instrument, show that using conventional red laser light (in the 600 nm range) the detector magnifies the signal from an 8 nm particle by up to 1.5 orders of magnitude. The antenna is a shaped slot element in a 60 nm silver film. The ability of this detector element to resolve λ/78 objects is confirmed experimentally at radio frequencies by fabricating an artificial material structure that mimics the optical permittivity of silver scaled to 2 GHz, and "cutting" into it the slot antenna. The experimental set-up is also used to demonstrate the imaging of a patterned surface in which the critical dimensions of the pattern are λ/22 in size.
Competing orders in underdoped (Ba<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>K<sub><i>x</i></sub>)Fe<sub>2</sub>As<sub>2</sub> (2011)

We report 75As Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) measurements in the high-Tc superconductor (Ba1−xKx)Fe2As2 in the underdoped regime. A structural transition at Ts ≊ 110 K is followed by an antiferromagnetic (AFM) order at TN ≊ 102 K for our x = 0.16 single crystal [1]. Superconductivity (SC) also appears at Tc ≊ 20 K. We find that the ordered Fe moment (S) is reduced upon hole-doping. Both spectrum analysis and relaxation measurements indicate that pinned vortices are present below Tc and SC is coexisting with AFM fluctuations.
Electronic properties of gated triangular graphene quantum dots: Magnetism, correlations, and geometrical effects (2012)

We present a theory of electronic properties of gated triangular graphene quantum dots with zigzag edges as a function of size and carrier density. We focus on electronic correlations, spin, and geometrical effects using a combination of atomistic tight-binding, Hartree-Fock, and configuration interaction methods (TB + HF + CI), including long-range Coulomb interactions. The single-particle energy spectrum of triangular dots with zigzag edges exhibits a degenerate shell at the Fermi level with a degeneracy ${N}_{\mathrm{edge}}$ proportional to the edge size. We determine the effect of the electron-electron interactions on the ground state, the total spin, and the excitation spectrum as a function of a shell filling and the degeneracy of the shell using TB + HF + CI for ${N}_{\mathrm{edge}}<12$ and approximate CI method for ${N}_{\mathrm{edge}}\ensuremath{\geqslant}12$. For a half-filled neutral shell we find spin-polarized ground state for structures up to $N=500$ atoms in agreement with previous ab initio and mean-field calculations and in agreement with Lieb's theorem for a Hubbard model on a bipartite lattice. Adding a single electron leads to the complete spin depolarization for ${N}_{\mathrm{edge}}\ensuremath{\leqslant}9$. For larger structures, the spin depolarization is shown to occur at different filling factors. Away from half-fillings excess electrons(holes) are shown to form Wigner-like spin-polarized triangular molecules corresponding to large gaps in the excitation spectrum. The validity of conclusions is assessed by a comparison of results obtained from different levels of approximations. While for the charge-neutral system all methods give qualitatively similar results, away from the charge neutrality an inclusion of all Coulomb scattering terms is necessary to produce results presented here.
Bone assessment via thermal photo-acoustic measurements (2015)

The feasibility of an innovative biomedical diagnostic technique, thermal photo-acoustic (TPA) measurement, for non-ionizing and non-invasive assessment of bone health is investigated. Unlike conventional photo-acoustic PA methods that are mostly focused on the measurement of absolute signal intensity, TPA targets the change in PA signal intensity as a function of the sample temperature, i.e., the temperature-dependent Grueneisen parameter that is closely relevant to the chemical and molecular properties in the sample. Based on the differentiation measurement, the results from TPA technique are less susceptible to the variations associated with sample and system, and could be quantified with improved accurately. Due to the fact that the PA signal intensity from organic components such as blood changes faster than that from non-organic mineral under the same modulation of temperature, TPA measurement is able to objectively evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and its loss as a result of osteoporosis. In an experiment on well-established rat models of bone loss and preservation, PA measurements of rat tibia bones were conducted over a temperature range from 37°C to 44°C. The slope of PA signal intensity verses temperature was quantified for each specimen. The comparison among three groups of specimens with different BMD shows that bones with lower BMD have higher slopes, demonstrating the potential of the proposed TPA technique in future clinical management of osteoporosis.