gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differing Neurochemical and Morphological Sequelae of Global Ischemia: Comparison of Single‐ and Multiple‐Insult Paradigms (1992)

The purpose of this investigation was to investigate pathomechanisms responsible for the deleterious effects of repeated episodes of brief forebrain ischemia. Halothane-anesthetized male Wistar rats were subjected to either (a) a single 15-min period or (b) three 5-min periods (separated by 1 h) of global forebrain ischemia by bilateral carotid artery occlusions plus hypotension (50 mm Hg), followed by various periods of recirculation. Brain temperature was normothermic throughout. In one series of rats, extracellular levels of glutamate, glycine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were measured in the dorsolateral striatum (n = 6-8 per group) and lateral thalamus (n = 4-6 per group) by microdialysis and HPLC before and during ischemia and during 3-5 h of recirculation. In a parallel series of rats (n = 6 per group), ischemic cell change was quantified at 2 (dark neurons), 24, or 72 h following either single or multiple ischemic insults. A single 15-min ischemic period led to massive glutamate release (13-fold increase; p = 0.001), which returned to normal by 20-30 min of recirculation and remained normal thereafter. By contrast, in rats with three 5-min periods of ischemia, the glutamate level rise with each repeated insult (four- to 4.5-fold; p < or = 0.02) was smaller than that observed during the single 15-min insult, but a late sustained rise (five- to six-fold; p < 0.05) occurred at 2-3 h of recirculation. Brief ischemia-induced elevations of glycine and GABA levels were detected in both the single- and multiple-insult groups, with normalization during recirculation. In contrast, the excitotoxic index, a composite measure of neurotransmitter release ([glutamate] x [glycine]/[GABA]), differed markedly following single versus multiple insults (p = 0.002 by repeated-measures analysis of variance) and increased by seven- to 12-fold (p < 0.05) at 1-3 h following the third insult. The total amount of glutamate released was 3.3-fold higher in the multiple-insult than in the single-insult group (p < 0.02). At 2 h of recirculation, histopathological analysis of dorsolateral striatum showed a significantly greater frequency of dark neurons in the multiple- than in the single-insult group (p < 0.05 by analysis of variance). In the thalamus, a higher frequency of ischemic neurons was seen in the multiple-than in the single-insult group at all intervals studied. Thus, in rats with multiple ischemic insults, accelerated ischemic damage was found in the striatum, and severe ischemic injury was documented in the thalamus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
In-situ HVEM study of the influence of localised strain, interfaces, and extrinsic point defects on {113}-defect generation in silicon (1993)

Results are presented of an in-situ study of 1 MeV electron irradiation induced {113}-defect generation in silicon containing different types and concentration profiles of extrinsic point defects and/or locally strained areas. It is shown that most of the observations can be explained semi-quantitatively on the basis of known point defect reactions. The results suggest that in-situ electron irradiation might be a powerful tool to study local sinks for point defects in integrated circuit structures. Die Erzeugung von Defekten des {113}-Typs in Silizium während der in-situ Bestrahlung mit Elektronen der Energie 1 MeV wird untersucht. Das Silizium enthält verschiedene Typen und Konzentrationsprofile von extrinsischen Punktdefekten und/oder Zonen mit lokalen Verzerrungen. Die Mehrzahl der Beobachtungen kann semiquantitativ durch bekannte Punktdefektreaktionen erklärt werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die in-situ Elektronenbestrahlung eine sehr leistungsstarke Technik ist, um lokale Senken für Punktdefekte in integrierten Bauelementen zu untersuchen.
Angular orientation of the stable tyrosyl radical within photosystem II by high-field 245-GHz electron paramagnetic resonance. (1994)

The 4 K 245-GHz/8.7-T electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of the stable tyrosyl radical in photosystem II, known as TyrD., has been measured. Illumination at 200 K enhances the signal intensity of TyrD. by a factor of > 40 compared to the signal obtained from dark-adapted samples. This signal enhancement and the unusual line shape of the TyrD. resonance result from the magnetic dipolar coupling of the radical to the manganese cluster involved in oxygen evolution. The relative angular orientation of the manganese cluster with respect to TyrD. has been determined from line-shape analysis. The resonance arising from TyrD. in Tris-washed manganese-free photosystem II sample is also distorted. This effect probably originates from the influence of the nonheme iron on the spin relaxation of the tyrosyl radical. The relative angular orientation of the nonheme iron has also been determined. Oriented samples were used to determine the angular orientation of TyrD. with respect to the membrane plane. Combining angular data with published distances, we have constructed a three-dimensional picture of the relative positions of TyrD., the manganese cluster, and the nonheme iron. The data suggest a more symmetrical placement of the manganese relative to TyrD. and TyrZ, the tyrosine involved in electron transfer, than is usually assumed in current models of photosystem II.
Organic Reactions Occurring in or on Micelles. I. Reaction Rate Studies of the Alkaline Fading of Triphenylmethane Dyes and Sulfonphthalein Indicators in the Presence of Detergent Salts<sup>1</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic Reactions Occurring in or on Micelles. I. Reaction Rate Studies of the Alkaline Fading of Triphenylmethane Dyes and Sulfonphthalein Indicators in the Presence of Detergent Salts1E. F. J. Duynstee and Ernest GrunwaldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 17, 4540–4542Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01526a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01526a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views520Altmetric-Citations143LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High Concordance of <i>KRAS</i> Status Between Primary Colorectal Tumors and Related Metastatic Sites: Implications for Clinical Practice (2008)

Abstract Purpose. Several studies have suggested that KRAS somatic mutations may predict resistance to cetuximab- and panitumumab-based treatments in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Nevertheless, most experiences were conducted on samples from primaries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the grade of concordance in terms of KRAS status between primaries and related metastases. Patients and Methods. We analyzed KRAS codon 12 and 13 mutations from formalin-fixed sections of 107 CRC primaries and related metastases. Eight pairs were excluded from the analysis because of the low amount of tumor tissue in the available samples. The main characteristics were: 50 men, 49 women; median age at diagnosis, 71 years (range, 41–84). The metastatic sites analyzed were the liver in 80 patients (80.8%), lung in seven patients (7.1%), and other sites in 12 patients (12.1%). Results. A KRAS mutation was found in 38 (38.4%) primary tumors and in 36 (36.4%) related metastases. The rate of concordance was 96.0% (95% confidence interval, 90.0%–98.9%). Discordance was observed in only four (4%) patients. Conclusions. Our results indicate that the detection of KRAS mutations in either primary or metastatic tumors from patients with CRC is concordant and this assessment could be used to predict response to targeted therapies such as cetuximab and panitumumab. Learning Objectives After completing this course, the reader should be able to: Describe the importance of KRAS mutations in CRC patients.Explain the relevance to cancer treatment of concordance of KRAS status between primary tumors and metastases in CRC patients.Discuss the impact of KRAS mutations as a predictive/prognostic factor in CRC patients. CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at http://CME.TheOncologist.com
UPTAKE OF TRITIATED LYSINE-VASOPRESSIN BY BOVINE NEUROSECRETORY GRANULES (1971)

In the mammalian neural lobe of the hypophysis vasopressin is predominantly located to subcellular granules. Only a minor part of the hormone can be found in the cytoplasmic sap. In the granules vasopressin is bound in a complex with the protein neurophy-sin. In the present study an attempt was made to find out whether vasopressin can pass the granula membrane. The answer to this question was found of importance for the discussion of the fate of the intragranular vasopressin.
Research on the Classification of Urban Rail Transit Stations - Taking Shanghai Metro as an Example (2018)

At present, the average daily passenger flow are more than tens of millions in workday in Shanghai rail transit. It is normal for office workers to experience the peak of morning and evening crowded. It also causes great difficulties for managers to operate. In order to optimize the operation of the subway services, improve the quality of the management of the subway, clustering analysis and classification management of the subway sites are done. This paper takes Shanghai subway as the research object, using the data for September 2016 from intelligent traffic card of Shanghai Subway, select the site features and the related 36 factors as the initial variables of cluster analysis, extract 5 main factors from the variables to reduce the variable dimensions, and the extracted main factors is used to cluster the sites and divide the Shanghai subway Line 359 subway stations into several sites types with different congestion degree by the K-means clustering method. Selecting site with high congestion degree as object of study, some suggestions of optimizing improvement are put forward.
Experimental characterisation of linear permanent magnet actuator with gas springs (2009)

This paper mainly describes the experimental characterisation of linear permanent magnet actuator which has been developed for produce strong vibrations for drilling applications. To improve the energy conversion ratio in actuator, gas springs are added to store more mechanical energy at the end of the stroke on both sides of the piston (rotor). The gas springs allow the piston to oscillate at high frequency and with a long stroke length, in spite of the pistons large weight. The movement of the piston between the gas springs allows considerable vibrations in housing (stator). These stator vibrations effectively utilized in many industrial applications like drilling applications and wire line jar applications. For the best integration of gas springs with linear machine, tubular structure is selected. The machine is hermetically sealed to avoid the leakage of the gas and to avoid contact of mud fluid in drilling applications. The completely sealed rotor structure makes more promising for instrumentation to determine the dynamic parameters. The instrumentation and experimental methods used for determination of dynamic parameters like position and velocity of both piston and housing, electrical force and electrical parameters like resistance and inductance are described. The experimental results are compared with simulations.
Lyapunov-based versus Poincar&#x00E9; map analysis of the rimless wheel (2014)

Hybrids systems are combinations of continuous and discrete systems. The bouncing ball is an extensively studied hybrid system, for which many solid Lyapunov-based tools are now available. Toward applying these tools to walking robots, where a hybrid dynamical system framework is also a natural fit, the rimless wheel provides a salient dynamic model because it shares commonalities with both bouncing balls and two-legged robots. While much of existing locomotion research is based on Poincaré analysis, in this paper we also study the rimless wheel using Lyapunov-based tools. Our results motivate future use of Poincaré maps for certain hybrid systems and Lyapunov-based tools for more complicated walkers.
A composite parallel intelligent controller for multimodal and uncertain systems: theoretical formulation (2007)

This paper presents theoretical formulation of a new intelligent controller approach for parametric, functionally uncertain and multi-modal systems based on a supervisory loop approach. The scheme consists of three software agents that work in an autonomous manner for the precision control of such nonlinear dynamic systems. The first agent is a neuro-controller that monitors the system closed loop error for functional uncertainty. The second agent is an adaptive controller which controls the system dynamics when parametric change occur and helps to keep it inbound. The third one is a fuzzy reference model generator that works online to generate stable desired reference models when the system shows drastic modal changes. The theoretical formulations and subsequently the stability of the overall scheme based on a Lyapunov function candidate are analyzed in this part, thus illustrating the strengths of the proposed concept.
Negative-ion-based neutral beams for fusion (1987)

To maXlmlze the usefulness of an engineering test reactor (e.g., ITER, TIBER), it is highly desirable that it operate under steady-state conditions.The most attractive option for maintaining the circulating current needed in the center of the plasma is the injection of powerful beams of neutral deuterium atoms.The beam simultaneously heats the plasma.At the energies required, in excess of 500 keV, such beams can be made by acce 1 erat i ng 0-ions and then removing the electron.Sources are being developed that generate the 0-ions in the volume of a specially constructed plasma discharge, without the addition of cesium.These sources must operate with minimum gas flow, to avoid stripping the 0-beam, and with minimum electron output.We are designing at LBL highly efficient electrostatic accelerators that combi ne e 1 ectri c strong-focus i ng with dc acceleration and offer the possibility of varying the beam energy at constant current while minimizing breakdown.Some form of rf acceleration may also be required.To minimize irradiation of the ion sources and acce 1 erators, the 0-beam can be transported through a maze in the neutron shielding.The 0ions can be converted to neutrals in a gas or plasma target, but advances in laser and mirror technology may make possible very efficient photodetachment systems by the time an ETR becomes operational.
The Role of Calcium and Magnesium in the Adenosine Triphosphatase Reaction of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (1971)

Abstract The binding of ATP to sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes, the formation of a phosphoprotein intermediate, and its subsequent hydrolysis were studied. Calcium, but not magnesium, decreased the dissociation constant of the ATP-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) complex. Phosphoprotein formation was dependent on calcium, but not on magnesium. Essentially all the accumulated phosphoprotein could readily react with ADP. The apparent equilibrium constant of the phosphorylation reaction was close to 1, indicating that the change in free energy was very small. Phosphoprotein hydrolysis was measured by a procedure which made it possible to study the reaction in the absence of ATP and ADP. Under these conditions, the rate of phosphoprotein hydrolysis was increased by magnesium and decreased by calcium. While the content of sulfhydryls essential for ATPase activity was 1 mole per 105 g of protein, the yield of phosphoprotein was only 0.3 to 0.5 mole per 105 g of protein. It was concluded that there was only one essential sulfhydryl in the active site since inhibition of the enzyme action by N-ethylmaleimide was a first order reaction with respect to inhibitor concentration.
Statistik-Übungen (2004)

Das erfolgreiche Übungsbuch ermöglicht es, anhand von praktischen Aufgabenstellungen eine Vielzahl von Methoden der induktiven (schließenden) Statistik kennenzulernen und zu vertiefen. Die ausführlichen Lösungsteile sind so gehalten, dass kein weiteres Buch zu Hilfe genommen werden muss. Aus dem Inhalt: Zufallsereignisse und Wahrscheinlichkeiten. Bedingte Wahrscheinlichkeit, Unabhängigkeit, Bayessche Formel und Zuverlässigkeit von Systemen. Zufallsvariablen und Verteilungen. Spezielle Verteilungen und Grenzwertsätze. Punktschätzer, Konfidenz- und Prognoseintervalle. Parametrische Tests im Einstichprobenfall. Anpassungstests und graphische Verfahren zur Überprüfung einer Verteilungsannahme. Parametrische Vergleiche im Zweistichprobenfall. Nichtparametrische, verteilungsfreie Vergleiche in Ein- und Zweistichprobenfall. Abhängigkeitsanalyse, Korrelation und Assoziation. Regressionsanalyse. Kontingenztafelanalyse. Stichprobenverfahren. Klausuraufgaben und Lösungen.
Use of D-ribonolactone in organic synthesis. 2. Scope and utility (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of D-ribonolactone in organic synthesis. 2. Scope and utilityShin Yih Chen and Madeleine M. JoullieCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 12, 2168–2174Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00186a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00186a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views732Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Compact wide-band integrated optical power splitters (2000)

Integrated power splitters with high performances in a very broad spectral region are key components in Passive Optical Networks (PON). In this paper we present the design and experimental characterization of several power splitters with division ratios ranging from 1x8 to 1x32 and using an innovative layout architecture that allows a sensible reduction of the device occupation with a simultaneous improvement in the device performance. The measurements show that all the devices have a uniform response well within specifications and, thanks to the ion exchange in glass substrate fabrication technology, very low insertion losses and Polarization Dependent Losses (PDL).
Lossless Compression of Color Filter Array Mosaic Images With Visualization via JPEG 2000 (2017)

Digital cameras have become ubiquitous for amateur and professional applications. The raw images captured by digital sensors typically take the form of color filter array (CFA) mosaic images which must be “developed” (via digital signal processing) before they can be viewed. Photographers and scientists often repeat the “development process” using different parameters to obtain images suitable for different purposes. Since the development process is generally not invertible it is commonly desirable to store the raw (or undeveloped) mosaic images indefinitely. Uncompressed mosaic image file sizes can be more than 30 times larger than those of developed images stored in JPEG format. Thus data compression is of interest. Several compression methods for mosaic images have been proposed in the literature. However they all require a custom decompressor followed by development-specific software to generate a displayable image. In this paper a novel compression pipeline that removes these requirements is proposed. Specifically mosaic images can be losslessly recovered from the resulting compressed files and more significantly images can be directly viewed (decompressed and developed) using only a JPEG 2000 compliant image viewer. Experiments reveal that the proposed pipeline attains excellent visual quality while providing compression performance competitive to that of state-of-the-art compression algorithms for mosaic images.
A Quantitative Study of the Relationship Between Interfacial Carbon and Line Dislocation Density in Silicon Molecular Beam Epitaxy (1983)

Silicon layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (100) silicon substrates were depth‐profiled for carbon and oxygen by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The same epitaxial layers were subjected to a defect etch to reveal dislocation density. A strong correlation is found between the carbon concentration at the substrate‐epitaxy interface and the line dislocation density of the epitaxial layer. Layers with interfacial carbon concentration ≈1021cm−3 exhibit line dislocation densities ⩾107cm−2, while layers with interfacial carbon concentration ⩽1019cm−3 (⩽0.01 monolayer carbon) have line dislocation densities ⩽104cm−2. In contrast, no correlation is found between interfacial oxygen (as revealed by SIMS) and the line dislocation density of the epitaxial layers.
Identification of Motifs in the Fasciclin Domains of the Transforming Growth Factor-β-induced Matrix Protein βig-h3 That Interact with the αvβ5 Integrin (2002)

betaig-h3 is a TGF-beta-induced matrix protein known to mediate the adhesion of several cell types. In this study, we found that all four of the fas-1 domains in betaig-h3 mediate MRC-5 fibroblast adhesion and that this was specifically inhibited by a function-blocking monoclonal antibody specific for the alphavbeta5 integrin. Using deletion mutants of the fourth fas-1 domain revealed the MRC-5 cell adhesion motif (denoted the YH motif) is located in amino acids 548-614. Experiments with substitution mutants showed that tyrosine 571, histidine 572, and their flanking leucine and isoleucine amino acids, which are all highly conserved in many fas-1 domains, are essential for mediating MRC-5 cell adhesion. A synthetic 18-amino acid peptide encompassing these conserved amino acids could effectively block MRC-5 cell adhesion to betaig-h3. Using HEK293 cells stably transfected with the beta5 integrin cDNA, we confirmed that the alphavbeta5 integrin is a functional receptor for the YH motif. In conclusion, we have identified a new alphavbeta5 integrin-interacting motif that is highly conserved in the fas-1 domains of many proteins. This suggests that fas-1 domain-containing proteins may perform their biological functions by interacting with integrins.