gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Periodically poled BaMgF/sub 4/ for ultraviolet frequency generation (2001)

Summary form only given. Ferroelectric domain inversion and excellent UV optical transparency has been demonstrated in BaMgF/sub 4/. Using quasi-phase-matching techniques, frequency conversion to wavelengths <150 nm should be possible.
Bilingualism alters children's frontal lobe functioning for attentional control (2016)

Bilingualism is a typical linguistic experience, yet relatively little is known about its impact on children's cognitive and brain development. Theories of bilingualism suggest that early dual-language acquisition can improve children's cognitive abilities, specifically those relying on frontal lobe functioning. While behavioral findings present much conflicting evidence, little is known about its effects on children's frontal lobe development. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), the findings suggest that Spanish-English bilingual children (n = 13, ages 7-13) had greater activation in left prefrontal cortex during a non-verbal attentional control task relative to age-matched English monolinguals. In contrast, monolinguals (n = 14) showed greater right prefrontal activation than bilinguals. The present findings suggest that early bilingualism yields significant changes to the functional organization of children's prefrontal cortex for attentional control and carry implications for understanding how early life experiences impact cognition and brain development.
A MIMO Radio Channel Model for Low-Altitude Air-to-Ground Communication Systems (2015)

Air-to-Ground (A-G) communication networks play an important role providing wireless access to areas that lack cellular or satellite infrastructure. The use of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology has been considered to increase the data rate and range of these systems, and over-the-air experiments have shown promising results, however, they lack a detailed characterization of the A-G channel. In this paper an extension to the Geometric Air-to- Ground Ellipsoidal (GAGE) radio channel model is proposed to predict the performance of MIMO for low- altitude A-G systems. The geometry and propagation loss characteristics of the model are defined, and example results for a hilly rural environment are shown for 2x2 Spatial Multiplexing (SMX) and Space-Time Block Coding (STBC). The results predict that an uncoded multi-carrier system can use STBC for gains up to 16 dB or use SMX to increase the throughput by a factor of two.
DFB erbium-doped fiber laser with tunable phase shift induced in the laser cavity (2007)

In this work, the authors present a study of a DFB erbium-doped fiber laser in which the grating spatial phase shift was induced in the middle point of a uniform FBG (length, 11.5 cm) and was easily tuned with a magnetostrictive transducer at which a short fiber section (4 mm) was glued. The grating was written in a fiber with 1000 ppm concentration of erbium ions. The diffraction efficiencies of both parts of the grating equally divided by the transducer were ~ 98 %. To avoid the fiber cavity nonuniform heating the laser was pumped symmetrically from both grating sides.
Study of BNKLBT-1.5 lead-free ceramic/epoxy 1-3 composites (2007)

Bismuth sodium titanate based lead-free ceramic fiber with the chemical formula of 0.885(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–0.05(Bi0.5K0.5)TiO3–0.015(Bi0.5Li0.5)TiO3–0.05BaTiO3, BNKLBT-1.5, has been fabricated by a powder-based extrusion method. The ceramic fibers with 400μm diameter were well crystallized after being calcined at 800°C and sintered at 1170°C. The piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of the single fiber were found to be 155pC∕N and ∼34.5μC∕cm2, respectively, which is comparable with that in bulk sample. 1-3 ceramic/polymer composites were fabricated by two routes, including dice and filled method and fiber pick-and-place method. Theoretical models were used to calculate the piezoelectric properties of the composites and compared with experimental results.
Integrin α2β1 (VLA-2) is a principal receptor used by neutrophils for locomotion in extravascular tissue (2000)

Cell adhesion molecules are critically involved in the multistep process of leukocyte recruitment in inflammation. The specific receptors used by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) for locomotion in extravascular tissue have as yet not been identified. By means of immunofluorescence flow cytometry and laser scanning confocal microscopy, this study demonstrated that surface expression of the alpha(2)beta(1) (VLA-2) integrin, though absent on blood PMN, is induced in extravasated PMN collected from human skin blister chambers, and rat PMN accumulated in the peritoneal cavity after chemotactic stimulation. Intravital time-lapse videomicroscopy was used to investigate chemoattractant-induced PMN locomotion in the rat mesentery in vivo. Local administration of function-blocking monoclonal antibody or peptide recognizing the alpha(2)beta(1) integrin reduced PMN migration velocity in the extravascular tissue by 73% +/- 3% and 70% +/- 10%, respectively (means +/- SD). The distance f-met-leu-phe peptide (fMLP)-stimulated human PMN migrated in a collagen gel in vitro was markedly reduced by treatment with anti-alpha(2) mAbs or peptide, whereas no effect was observed with antibodies or peptides recognizing the alpha(4)beta(1) or alpha(5)beta(1) integrins. Further evidence for a critical role of expression of alpha(2)beta(1) integrin in PMN locomotion in extravascular tissue was obtained in the mouse air pouch model of acute inflammation where chemoattractant-induced PMN recruitment was substantially inhibited by local anti-alpha(2) mAb treatment. Thus, expression of alpha(2)beta(1) integrin on extravasated PMN has been identified and a novel role of this receptor in regulating the extravascular phase of leukocyte trafficking in inflammation has been formulated. (Blood. 2000;95:1804-1809)
Mesonephric kidney--a stem cell factory? (1999)

Mesonephros is a vestige, transient renal organ that functions only during embryonic development. The anatomy, position and even cellular fate of the mesonephric kidney varies drastically among mammalian species. The origin of mesonephros from intermediate mesoderm and the dependence of its differentiation on the nephric or Wolffian duct have been well established. Commonly accepted is also the mesonephric origin of epididymal ducts of the male reproductive tract. Recently, upon the more profound understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of the permanent mammalian kidney, some light has been shed over the molecular events taking place during the mesonephric development as well. Because of the functional and structural similarities between the mesonephric and metanephric kidneys, it is not surprising that many molecules regulating metanephric development are also activated during mesonephric development. However, the multifunctional nature of mesonephros has been unexpected. First, it serves as an embryonic secretory organ, in some mammalian species more so than in others. It is thereafter removed by programmed cell death. Second, it is a source of multiple stem cells including somatic cells in the male gonad, vascular endothelial cells, and hematopoietic stem cells. Thus, mesonephros is a challenging model for studies on epithelial differentiation and organogenesis, regulation of apoptosis, sex determination and stem cell differentiation. In this review, we focus in the molecular and stem cell aspects in the differentiation of the mammalian mesonephros.
Conserved Sequences and Transcription of the hsp70 Gene Family in <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> (1986)

Five Trypanosoma brucei 70-kilodalton heat shock protein-encoding genes (hsp70 genes) were found to be arranged in a tandem array. These hsp70 genes are separated by highly conserved intergenic region sequences of 200 base pairs for one gene and 234 base pairs for the other four genes. This intergenic region sequence is also present in front of the first gene of the tandem array, though at a further distance. All five conserved intergenic regions have sequences that are homologous to the eucaryotic control elements, essential for temperature-induced initiation of transcription by polymerase II. In addition, there is a T-rich region at the 3' end of the hsp70 genes which is homologous to the site of transcription termination of mini-exon genes. Immediately 3' of a putative TATA box, a branch point consensus sequence and six sequences homologous to known trypanosome 3' splice sites were found. It is therefore possible that a PolII promoter is present in the intergenic region sequence. Addition of the 35-nucleotide mini-exon to the hsp70 transcript could thus be mediated by bimolecular splicing. The importance of temperature control for development was illustrated by the response of variant surface glycoprotein-encoding genes to heat shock.
Exact Error Analysis and Energy Efficiency Optimization of Regenerative Relay Systems Under Spatial Correlation (2015)

Energy efficiency and its optimization constitute critical tasks in the design of low-power wireless networks. This paper is devoted to the error rate analysis and energy efficiency optimization of regenerative cooperative networks in the presence of multipath fading under spatial correlation. To this end, exact and asymptotic analytic expressions are first derived for the symbol error rate (SER) of M-ary quadrature amplitude and M-ary phase-shift keying modulations (M-QAM and M-PSK), respectively, assuming a dual-hop decode-and-forward (DF) relay system, spatially correlated Nakagami-m multipath fading, and maximum ratio combining (MRC) at the destination. The derived expressions are subsequently employed in quantifying the energy consumption of the considered system, incorporating both transmit energy and the energy consumed by the transceiver circuits, and in deriving the optimal power allocation (OPA) formulation for minimizing energy consumption under certain quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. A relatively harsh path-loss (PL) model, which also accounts for realistic device-to-device communications, is adopted in numerical evaluations, and various useful insights are provided for the design of future low-energy wireless networks deployments. Indicatively, it is shown that, depending on the degree of spatial correlation, severity of fading, transmission distance, relay location, and power allocation strategy, target performance can be achieved with much overall energy reduction compared with direct transmission (DT) reference.
Forward and Backward Bisimulations for Chemical Reaction Networks (2015)

We present two quantitative behavioral equivalences over species of a chemical reaction network (CRN) with semantics based on ordinary differential equations. Forward CRN bisimulation identifies a partition where each equivalence class represents the exact sum of the concentrations of the species belonging to that class. Backward CRN bisimulation relates species that have identical solutions at all time points when starting from the same initial conditions. Both notions can be checked using only CRN syntactical information, i.e., by inspection of the set of reactions. We provide a unified algorithm that computes the coarsest refinement up to our bisimulations in polynomial time. Further, we give algorithms to compute quotient CRNs induced by a bisimulation. As an application, we find significant reductions in a number of models of biological processes from the literature. In two cases we allow the analysis of benchmark models which would be otherwise intractable due to their memory requirements.
Mechanism of the chlorination reaction catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase with chlorite. (1979)

Horseradish peroxidase and chlorite, NaC102, are able to catalyze chlorination of monochlorodimedone to form dichlorodimedone. Catalytic amounts of horseradish peroxidase act to disproportionate chlorite forming chlorine dioxide and chloride ion. The chlorine dioxide thus formed is responsible for the chlorination of monochlorodimedone. It was previously thought (Chiang, R., Rand-Meir, T., Makino, R., and Hager, L. P. (1976) J. Biol. Chem 251, 6340-6346) that the initial transient intermediate formed between horseradish peroxidase and chlorite was a halogenating intermediate and was called Compound X. However, complete transient state spectra of the enzyme species formed directly from horseradish peroxidase with chlorite shows this intermediate to be Compound II. This result is the first recognized example of direct oxidation of native horseradish peroxidase to Compound II. The disproportionation of chlorite by horseradish peroxidase was investigated in the absence of a halogen acceptor. At pH 5.05, 5 mol of chlorite are disproportionated to 4 mol of chlorine dioxide and 1 mol of chloride ion. Chlorine dioxide yields are limited by the inactivation of the enzyme by chlorine dioxide. A maximum yield of 2.5 x lo3 nmol of chlorine dioxide/nmol of horseradish peroxidase was obtained by optimizing the pH and optimizing the enzyme/chlorite ratio. Titration of horseradish peroxidase with chlorite showed a 1:l molar stoichiometry for the formation of Compound I. The reaction between the enzyme and excess chlorite failed to produce measurable quantities of hydrogen peroxide. The reaction of chlorine dioxide with monochlorodimedone was also studied in the absence of horseradish peroxidase and chlorite. Chlorine dioxide and monochlorodimedone react with a 1:l molar stoichiometry to form 1 mol of protons, 0.4 mol of dichlorodimedone, and 0.6 mol of chlorite.
Low-Power GaAs ICs (1985)

For high-speed GaAs integrated circuits ICs) of LSI complexity to be realized, a technology with low-power dissipation with maintaining circuit speed must be used. Previous GaAs research at Honeywell has focused on the conventional depletion-mode GaAs MESFET, which is capable of only MSI circuits [1-2]. Depletion-mode gate arrays using buffered FET logic (BFL) have demonstrated 1.3 mW at 740 ps per cell [3]. Enhancement-mode and depletion-mode gate arrays have shown gate delays of 42 ps at 500 μW. The enhancement-mode MESFET self-aligned gate process has dononstrated numerous LSI circuits, including a 2K gate array [4], a 16 × 16-bit multiplier [5], and a 16K-bit static RAM [6]. This paper describes the design fabrication and circuit results using the self-aligned gate MESFET technology for low-power depletion-mode Schottky diode FET logic (SDFL) and very low-power enhancement-mode direct-coupled FET logic (DCFL). Figure 1 is a photograph of the GaAs self-aligned test chip with the 2K-cell SDFL gate array. This self-aligned gate process is capable of fabricating both the high-transconductance depletion- and enhancement-mode devices necessary for LSI circuits. Transconductances of the enhancement-mode MESFET as high as 216 mS/mm are obtained for 0.7-μm gates and 170 mS/mm for 1-μm gates with a corresponding output conductance of 8 mS/mm. This low-output conductance is achieved without the use of "T" gate structures but with the proper choice of implant parameters. For deplection-mode circuits, SDFL operating at 108 μW per gate has shown propagation delays of 1.6 ns.
Evaluating Applications of Field Spectroscopy Devices to Fingerprint Commonly Used Construction Materials (2013)

This report documents the results of the evaluation of practical portable spectroscopic equipment for in-situ analysis of a wide range of commonly used construction materials. The initial range of spectroscopic techniques evaluated by the project Team included Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, Size-Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The aforementioned techniques were applied to the following construction material categories: epoxy coating and adhesives, traffic paints, Portland cement concrete with chemical admixtures and curing membranes, asphalt binders, emulsions, and mixes with polymer additives. A series of laboratory and in-situ tests showed that the compact FT-IR spectrometer in the Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) mode, hand-held XRF instrument, and RTA’s Raman analyzer were successful in fingerprinting epoxy coatings and adhesives, curing compounds, and waterborne traffic paints. The ATR method also positively identified chemical admixtures in fresh mix samples and verified polymer presence in asphalt binders and emulsions. An electronic library of signature spectra of the materials tested in this project was created and submitted to SHRP 2 administration. Among other deliverables of this project are proposed AASHTO standards of practice for the analysis of titanium content in traffic paints by XRF, and identification of chemical admixtures by ATR.
Targeted Busulfan and Cyclophosphamide as Compared to Busulfan and TBI as Preparative Regimens for Transplantation in Patients with Advanced MDS or Transformation to AML (2004)

Hematopoietic cell transplantation is the only curative therapy for patients with myelodysplasia (MDS). However, treatment-related toxicity and, in patients with advanced MDS (RAEB, RAEB-T) and those who have transformed to AML (tAML), post-transplant relapse continues to be problematic. We reviewed results in 128 patients with advanced MDS and tAML transplanted from HLA-identical related or unrelated donors after preparation with myeloablative conditioning regimens. Seventy-eight patients were conditioned with busulfan (Bu), prescribed dose 16 mg/kg, adjusted to achieve plasma concentrations of 800-900 ng/ml, plus cyclophosphamide (Cy), 2 x 60 mg/kg [tBuCy], and 50 patients were conditioned with Bu 7 mg/kg (without dose adjustment) and total body irradiation (TBI) 6 x 200 cGy given over 3 days [BuTBI]. There was no statistically significant difference in regards to overall survival, relapse-free survival (RFS), or non-relapse mortality (NRM) between the 2 regimens regardless of donor status. However, there was a trend towards higher rates of relapse (HR 1.33, P=0.38) and lower rates of NRM (HR 0.61, P=0.09) in patients conditioned with tBuCy. The increased rate of relapse seen with tBuCy was significant when restricted to only those patients with a diagnosis of RAEB (HR 4.50, P=0.02). Patients given BuTBI had a higher incidence of GvHD; however, the incidence of GvHD regardless of grade did not differ significantly between patients who relapsed and those who did not. Thus, in patients with advanced MDS/tAML, the use of a less toxic conditioning regimen resulted in a non-significant overall gain in RFS largely due to lower rates of NRM. New concepts of conditioning regimens are needed which reduce toxicity without increasing the risk of relapse.
A new set of laboratory-selected <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> lines for the analysis of desiccation resistance: response to selection, physiology and correlated responses (2006)

Artificial selection experiments provide insights into the evolutionary factors that can shape adaptive responses and have previously been utilized to examine the physiological adaptations that can improve survival to desiccation in Drosophila melanogaster. While such studies demonstrate that multiple resistance mechanisms may arise via different base populations and selection regimes, water retention emerges as a key mechanism for desiccation survival. Here, we present the physiological, correlated response and life history data for a new set of selection lines designed for the genetic dissection of desiccation resistance. After 26 generations of selection for desiccation resistance, female survival increased twofold. In contrast to previous studies, the altered resistance was associated primarily with enhanced dehydration tolerance and increased mass and less consistently with decreased rates of water loss. Life history tradeoffs and correlated selection responses were examined and overlap with previously published data. We crossed the resistant selected lines to desiccation-sensitive lines from the same control background to examine how each heterozygous resistant chromosome (excluding four) may improve desiccation resistance and observed that most of the resistance was due to genes on the third and first chromosomes, although interaction effects with the second chromosome were also detected. Results are compared to other selection responses and highlight the multiple evolutionary solutions that can arise when organisms are faced with a common selection pressure, although water loss rate remains a common mechanism in all studies.
High control of the regiochemistry in reactions of heterosubstituted allylic carbanions via allylic aluminum "ate" complexes (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleHigh control of the regiochemistry in reactions of heterosubstituted allylic carbanions via allylic aluminum "ate" complexesYoshinori Yamamoto, Hidetaka Yatagai, and Kazuhiro MaruyamaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 1, 195–196Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01289a050https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01289a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Beyond Humanoid Emotions: Incorporating Traits, Attitudes and Moods (2009)

No longer does the idea of robot emotions seem far-fetched; not their experiential side, of course, but rather those manifestations of emotion, especially in robots created in human likeness, which would be beneficial for successful interaction with people. Nonetheless, the concept of robot emotions is still a new one, with a myriad of questions to be answered, not the least of which is: What is emotion? In robotics, it is often used as an umbrella term for all things affective, but based on our previous work (see [1] for a summary), we believe that it would be more beneficial to model each affective phenomenon explicitly. Going beyond emotions brings the entire spectrum of affect into play, providing a comprehensive framework with which human-robot interaction could be improved. The robotic framework we propose that combines a number of different phenomena and emphasizes their interconnectedness and synergy is called TAME (Traits, Attitudes, Moods, Emotions). By using TAME, in this paper we’d like to address some of the open questions that arise in the area of implementing and testing humanoid affect.