gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles by Microorganisms and Their Applications (2011)

The development of eco-friendly technologies in material synthesis is of considerable importance to expand their biological applications. Nowadays, a variety of inorganic nanoparticles with well-defined chemical composition, size, and morphology have been synthesized by using different microorganisms, and their applications in many cutting-edge technological areas have been explored. This paper highlights the recent developments of the biosynthesis of inorganic nanoparticles including metallic nanoparticles, oxide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, and other typical nanoparticles. Different formation mechanisms of these nanoparticles will be discussed as well. The conditions to control the size/shape and stability of particles are summarized. The applications of these biosynthesized nanoparticles in a wide spectrum of potential areas are presented including targeted drug delivery, cancer treatment, gene therapy and DNA analysis, antibacterial agents, biosensors, enhancing reaction rates, separation science, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The current limitations and future prospects for the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles by microorganisms are discussed.
Privacy-Preserving Ranked Search on Public-Key Encrypted Data (2013)

The massive production of digital data and the complexity of the underlying data management, motivate individuals and enterprises to outsource their computational needs to the cloud. While popular cloud computing platforms provide flexible and inexpensive solutions, they do so with minimal support for data security and privacy. As a result, owners of sensitive information may be skeptical in purchasing such services, given the risks associated with the unauthorized access to their data. To this end, searchable encryption is a family of cryptographic protocols that facilitate private keyword searches directly on encrypted data. These protocols allow users to upload encrypted versions of their documents to the cloud, while retaining the ability to query the database with traditional plaintext keyword queries. In this paper, we focus on public-key encrypted data and introduce the first method that supports ranked results from multi-keyword searches. Our solution employs a simple indexing structure, and leverages homomorphic encryption and private information retrieval (PIR) protocols to process queries in a privacy-preserving manner. Using measurements from Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud, we show that our method provides reasonable response times with low communication cost.
Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics (1988)

Presents a comprehensive and rigorous treatment of the subject from the classical perspective to offer a problem-solving methodology that encourages systematic thinking. Noted for its treatment of the second law, this text clearly presents both theory and application. The presentation of chemical availability has been extended by a cutting- edge discussion of standard chemical availability. Design applications and problems have been updated to include economic considerations. Environmental topics have also been expanded and updated. The new version of Interactive Thermodynamics (IT) is a powerful windows-based software program that now includes equation-solver, printing, graphing, data retrival and simulation capabilities
EVIDENCE FOR DEFICIENT 20α-CHOLESTEROL-HYDROXYLASE ACTIVITY IN ADRENAL TISSUE OF A PATIENT WITH LIPOID ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA (1972)

ABSTRACT Enzyme preparations were isolated from post-mortem adrenal tissue of a patient with lipoid adrenal hyperplasia and normal human- and bovine adrenal tissue. Cholesterol-cleaving properties were studied in incubation experiments with the addition of appropriate substrates. Cholesterol-cleaving activity of enzyme preparations of adrenal tissue from the patient was extremely low as compared with normal controls. There was no difference in 20α-hydroxycholesterol-cleaving activity. There is thus evidence for a deficient 20α-cholesterol-hydroxylase activity in the adrenal tissue of this patient with lipoid adrenal hyperplasia.
Robust High Speed Ternary Magnetic Content Addressable Memory (2015)

Designing robust, low power, and delay ternary magnetic content addressable memory (TMCAM) using spintronic-based devices like magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is a challenge. Process variations in MTJ and transistor degrade the performance of ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM) as the number of bits increases. To bring TCAM using MTJ (TMCAM) to practical use for wide arrays (>2048 bits), its cell has to be designed with large tolerance to all types of variations. Reducing the power consumption associated with searching without the increase in delay is also essential for the designing of TMCAMs. The proposed TMCAM cell has guaranteed read-disturbance immunity, low delay, and comparable power as compared with the reported MTJ-based magnetic-content-addressable memory (MCAM). Monte Carlo simulation was performed for proving the robustness of the proposed TMCAM by considering both variations in MTJ and transistor parameters. A Verilog-A model of the MTJ along with 45-nm CMOS technology is used for the simulation. A delay reduction of 1.23 times with power decrement of 1.23 times is obtained compared with previously reported MCAM for TMR = 3. This leads to a power-delay product improvement of 1.5 times for 2048-bit TMCAM.
Patient access to orphan drugs (2017)

Background: The Orphan Drug Act of 1983 has been a success in terms of spurring development of orphan disease treatments. However, rising orphan drug spending coupled with increasing numbers of orphan approvals have led to greater payer sensitivity with respect to reimbursement. Given the relatively high per-patient costs of many orphan drugs, reimbursement is widely regarded as the most important determinant of patient access.Methods: In this study, we examined patient access by analyzing payer reimbursement of orphan drugs approved in the U.S. from 2000 through 2016. Subsequently, we analyzed reimbursement by 20 leading payers of this subset of orphan approvals.Results: The median payer in our sample of 20 leading payers covered 93% of orphan approvals, which represented a decrease compared to previous studies.Conclusions: As per unit costs of orphan drugs and numbers of approvals increase, there is a trend towards imposition of more barriers to patient access. However, growth in U.S. orphan drug spending is expected to plateau. Accordingly, besides cost-effectiveness, payer formulary management considerations should encompass a broader concept of the value of orphan drugs, which would include the nature of the disease being targeted and whether the drug addresses an unmet need.
Is the Prevalence of Overactive Bladder Overestimated? A Population-Based Study in Finland (2007)

Our results indicate a prevalence of overactive bladder as low as 8% suggesting that, in previous studies, occurrence has been overestimated due to vague criteria and selected study populations regarding age distribution and low participation.
Long-term weight cycling reduces body weight and fat free mass, but not fat mass in female Wistar rats. (1995)

Thus repeated WC may favor more body fat retention in later cycles. Aging affected rate of weight regain but not rate of weight loss, nor body composition, while repeated WC affected both rate of weight loss and regain.
Biocontrol of seedborne <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> in chickpea with <i>Gliocladium roseum</i> (1997)

An isolate of Gliocladium roseum proved highly antagonistic to Botrytis cinerea . Sporulation of B. cinerea on chickpea seed naturally infected or inoculated with B. cinerea was suppressed by seed treatment with conidial suspensions of G. roseum at 10 7 and 10 8 conidia/mL, respectively. Establishment of healthy seedlings in punnets (small trays) 5 weeks after sowing with inoculated seed was increased from 29.2% to 59.7% by treatment with G. roseum at 3×10 7 conidia/mL, and from 1.4% to 69.4% with G. roseum at 3×10 8 conidia/mL, the latter being equivalent to disease control by Thiram. There was no significant effect of Rhizobium on disease suppression by G. roseum , and treatment with G. roseum at 10 8 conidia/mL did not reduce nodulation. Amendment with culture filtrates of G. roseum did not affect the growth rate of B. cinerea on potato dextrose agar, indicating that constitutive production of an antibiotic is not involved in biocontrol. A selective medium was developed to enumerate propagules of G. roseum on seed recovered from soil. There was no significant change in the population of G. roseum on seed after incubation for 4 weeks in soil to which the isolate of G. roseum was indigenous.
Variable Selection in near Infrared Spectroscopy Based on Significance Testing in Partial Least Squares Regression (2000)

A jack-knife based method for variable selection in partial least squares regression is presented. The method is based on significance tests of model parameters, in this paper applied to regression coefficients. The method is tested on a near infrared (NIR) spectral data set recorded on beer samples, correlated to extract concentration and compared to other methods with known merit. The results show that the jack-knife based variable selection performs as well or better than other variable selection methods do. Furthermore, results show that the method is robust towards various cross-validation schemes (the number of segments and how they are chosen).
Correction of asymmetric myopic astigmatism with laser in situ keratomileusis. (1999)

When treating asymmetric forms of myopic astigmatism, it is possible to obtain good clinical outcomes by decentering the toric ablation and calculating the value and axis of the cylinder using topographic data.
Direct Radioimmunoassay for the Measurement of Serum Progesterone using<sup>3</sup>H as a Label (2007)

Direct radioimmunoassay (RIA), based on the principle of competitive inhibition for the measurement of serum progesterone using 3H as label, is described. Progesterone 3-O-carboxymethyloxime-bovine serum albumin (progesterone 3-O-CMO-BSA) was used as an immunogen and progesterone labeled at positions 1, 2, 6, and 7 with 3H was used as tracer. To 12 mm x 75 mm glass tubes, 100 microL of standard (250 pg to 50,000 pg/mL) and unknown samples were added, in duplicate, followed by 100 [LL of antibody and 600 microL of tracer (10,000 counts per minute [cpm]) in all of the tubes and incubated overnight at 4 degrees C. The bound and free fractions of labeled material were separated by adding 200 microL of charcoal followed by centrifugation. The bound radioactivity was measured in the supernatant by using a scintillation fluid containing 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO, primary scintillator) and p-Bis[2-(5-phenyloxazolyl)]-benzene (POPOP, secondary scintillator). In the present study, a high ionic strength, along with low and neutral pH of the buffer, is utilized to release bound steroid from proteins. The sensitivity of the assay is 732 pg/mL. The recovery ranged between 94.03% to 100.96%. The inter-assay and intra-assay coefficients of variation ranged from 3.89% to 7.59% and from 9.96% to 12.6%, respectively. The serum progesterone values, obtained by this method, were correlated with those obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; r = 0.96 (n=94).
Cycling Oxidation Behavior of Nb-ion Implanted γ-TiAl (2001)

The thermal cycling oxidation behaviors of Nb ion implanted γ TiAl in air were studied in the temperature range of 1?123?～1?173?K. The microstructures of the oxide scales were examined by SEM equipped with EDS. Nb distribution and depth profiles of elements were analyzed by AES. The results indicated that the cyclic oxidation resistance of γ TiAl alloy could be improved by Nb ion implantation. The reason why Nb ion implantation improves the cyclic oxidation properties may be ascribed to doping of the titania lattice by Nb 5+ ions, which may inhibit the growth of TiO 2 and enhance the growth rate of Al 2O 3. The formation of Al 2O 3 protective layer at the early stage decreased the oxidation rate and delayed the spallation of oxide scale. But Nb ion implanted γ TiAl has no long effect to thermal cycling oxidation resistance.
Personal digital assistant-based drug information sources: potential to improve medication safety. (2005)

Lexi-Drugs was found to be the most specific and complete PDA resource available to optimize medication safety by reducing potential errors associated with drug information. No resource was sufficient to address the patient safety information needs for all cases.
Naval shiphandler's guide (2005)

The first new book on naval shiphandling in more than a generation, this guide helps begineer and intermediate shiphandlers learn and perfect a skill crucial to their naval careers while at the same time offering useful hints to seasoned pros. The book reflects all the many changes that have occurred in recent decades and is the first to cover the use of shiphandling simulators. The author, a skilled shiphandler with years of experience in nearly every type of Navy vessel, helps novice shiphandlers get the most out of their opportunities, whether handling real ships or simulators. Captain Barber tells readers everything they need to know about forces acting on the ship, getting underway, making a landing, transiting the channel, and underway replenishment. Standard commands for both ships and tugs are included, along with needed information on the use of tugs and pilots. Voyage planning, emergency shiphandling, tactical maneuvering, and more are covered in detail. A chapter is devoted to the special shiphandling characteristics of various classes of naval vessels. An introduction to the Rules of the Road is provided in an appendix.
Terahertz achromatic quarter-wave plate (2006)

Phase retarders usually present a strong frequency dependence. We discuss the design and characterization of a terahertz achromatic quarter-wave plate. This wave plate is made from six birefringent quartz plates precisely designed and stacked together. Phase retardation has been measured over the whole terahertz range by terahertz polarimetry. This achromatic wave plate demonstrates a huge frequency bandwidth (upsilonmax/upsilonmin approximately 7), and therefore can be applied to terahertz time domain spectroscopy and polarimetry.
Púrpura trombótica trombocitopénica y lupus eritematoso sistémico: descripción de un caso. Análisis desde atención primaria (2013)

We report the case of a 35 year old African colored man , diagnosed Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) that soon after underwent a Trhombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP). The association between thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is uncommon. Diagnosis is often difficult because of their clinical and biological similarities. It is considered relevant to maintain a high clinical suspicion when admitting a patient suffering from TTP as early plasmapheresis can be life saving.
The influence of oxime stereochemistry in the generation of nitrones from ω-alkenyloximes by cyclization or 1,2-prototropy (1998)

Thermally induced cyclization of the anti-alkenyl oximes E-7a,b and E-17a,b affords cyclic α-alkoxycarbonylnitrones 8 and the 6,7-bicyclic nitrones 18, respectively. The syn-oximes Z-7b and Z-17b react via an alternate pathway to give exclusively the fused isoxazolidine derivatives 10b and 19b, respectively. These oximes are configurationally stable at high temperatures with the energy barrier to isomerization being significantly greater than that to cyclization/cycloaddition. Neither the tert-butyl derivative 7c nor the Îµ-alkenyl oxime 7d share this characteristic and in these cases the products of thermal activation are independent of the geometry of the starting oxime. For 7c the energy barriers to oxime rotation and cyclization or cycloaddition are sufficiently close to allow all three reactions to proceed. With 7d, cis–trans isomerization and cyclization are the only observed reactions.
Understanding communication skills learning, behavior and attitude among students in three nursing colleges in Qassim region, Saudi Arabia (2018)

Background: Effective communication is one of the many skills that nursing students should master to be good at their job. Nursing students have to understand different kinds of communication styles to know how to deal with different situations as an aspect of nursing professional education. Poor communication is a barrier to effective nursing practice and this leaves the nurse to be isolated, feeling more stress and dissatisfied.Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the communication skills learning, behavior and attitude among nursing students and their thoughts about the role of communication in three colleges in Qassim, KSA.Methods: A descriptive study was applied using a convenience sample of 116 female students from three nursing colleges in Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Attitude toward the learning of communication skills was evaluated by Communication Skills Attitudes Scale (CSAS).Results: All participants were female and most of them 3rd year students. The majority of nursing students at Qassim University (95.1%) had hospital training for three semesters and more compared to 61.8% from Al-Ghad College and 42.9% from Buraydah Colleges. Statistically significant differences were detected among the three colleges regarding most of the items of communication skills behavior. Communication Skills Attitudes Scale revealed a moderate score in the positive attitudes and the average score for negative attitudinal score.Conclusions: Moderate positive attitudes toward communication skills learning among nursing students of the three colleges. The results provide an important base for improving the content of the current communication curriculum in nursing study programs.
Low-latency multiple clock domain interfacing without alteration of local clocks (2004)

A method for interfacing synchronous blocks of logic with different local clocks is presented which introduces very little latency and avoids metastability. The method does not require stopping or stretching local clocks and enforces correct operation of a bundled data constraint for all but very wide data paths.
A prototype sensor node for footstep detection (2005)

Persons moving over ground can be detected from vibrations induced to soil in the form of seismic waves which are measured by geophones or expensive MEMS accelerometers. We are proposing a sensor node that uses a low-cost bending mode piezoelectric accelerometer, operating near its resonant frequency, specially designed for footstep detection.
Classifications of Nonnegative Matrices Using Diagonal Equivalence (1988)

This article studies matrices A that are positively diagonally equivalent to matrices that, for given positive vectors $u,v,r,$ and c, map u into r, and where $A^T $ map v into c. The problem is reduced to scaling a matrix for given row sums and column sums, and applying known results for the latter. Further classifications that use these results are investigated.
Polymer‐Controlled, Bio‐Inspired Calcium Phosphate Mineralization from Aqueous Solution (2007)

Nowadays, the majority of the commercially available calcium phosphate materials is fabricated by 'classical' materials science approaches, i.e., from rather poorly defined slurries or from organic solvents, often at high temperatures and pressures. Bioinspired precipitation of inorganics with (polymeric) additives from aqueous solution, on the other hand, enables the synthesis of intriguing inorganic or organic/inorganic materials that are often much more closely related to biological structures. This article discusses approaches for the fabrication of bio-inspired calcium phosphate hybrid materials by precipitation from aqueous solution. The article focuses on polymers and related self-assembling structures for the design of CaP/organic hybrids and pure CaP with crystal structures and morphologies regulated by the respective additive.
Oxidation and reduction of lithium-containing MgO at high temperatures (1978)

The effect of oxidation and reduction on Li-containing MgO crystals at temperatures up to 1600 K is reported. Heating in oxidizing atmospheres followed by fast cooling produces stable [Li]\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} defects, whereas similar treatment in a reducing atmosphere does not. Annealing rates of these defects also depend on whether the crystals are in an oxidizing or reducing atmosphere. A short-range diffusion mechanism is proposed to describe the atmospheric dependence of [Li]\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}-defect production. Heating to \ensuremath{\sim} 1500\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, regardless of the ambient atmosphere, gives rise to a broad optical absorption band at \ensuremath{\sim} 5.3 eV, which we believe to be associated with lithium. Optical excitation of this band produces a luminescence which peaks near 2.7 eV.
Entally House, Tasmania: A review of conservation activites (1991)

Entally Estate has a fairly typical early-colonial history as an extensive wheat and sheep property. Through the mid-to-late-Victorian era it lost most of its pioneer qualities, becoming the residence and showpiece of a country gentleman who modelled himself and the property on English squires and country estates.
Chronic fatigue syndrome: evaluation and treatment. (2002)

Severe fatigue is a common complaint among patients. Often, the fatigue is transient or can be attributed to a definable organic illness. Some patients present with persistent and disabling fatigue, but show no abnormalities on physical examination or screening laboratory tests. In these cases, the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) should be considered. CFS is characterized by debilitating fatigue with associated myalgias, tender lymph nodes, arthralgias, chills, feverish feelings, and postexertional malaise. Diagnosis of CFS is primarily by exclusion with no definitive laboratory test or physical findings. Medical research continues to examine the many possible etiologic agents for CFS (infectious, immunologic, neurologic, and psychiatric), but the answer remains elusive. It is known that CFS is a heterogeneous disorder possibly involving an interaction of biologic systems. Similarities with fibromyalgia exist and concomitant illnesses include irritable bowel syndrome, depression, and headaches. Therefore, treatment of CFS may be variable and should be tailored to each patient. Therapy should include exercise, diet, good sleep hygiene, antidepressants, and other medications, depending on the patient's presentation.
Functional recovery of the spinal cord following ischemia and reperfusion injury. (2002)

The excitotoxicity of EAAs and the overload of calcium induced by EAAs play a harmful role in ischemia and reperfusion injury. Ketamine has an effective inhibitory effect.
A Pastor Nurse Responds: Take Steps Toward Healing (1994)

Carol L. Lankes, RN, BSN, MDiv, is pastor of St. Paul's Lutheran Church in Elma, New York. She was a staff member of Nurses Christian Fellowship® from 1974–87 and served as team leader of the northeast region for five of those years.