gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changing Patterns in the Use of Home Parenteral Nutrition in Crohnʼs Disease Patients (2008)

Purpose: This is a descriptive study of the changing patterns of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) use in Crohn's Disease (CD) patients treated at the Cleveland Clinic from the years of 1986–2006. Methods: We identified subjects through a prospectively maintained electronic database of all patients receiving HPN through the Cleveland Clinic. Information was extracted from the HPN database for the years of 1986–2006. A separate CD-HPN database was created in Microsoft Access by adding data from the colorectal surgery database, the electronic chart, and paper charts of our subjects. The HPN episodes were categorized into 3 time frames: 1) 1970's and 1980's, 2) 1990's and 3) 2000's (N = 15, 26, and 101 respectively). To assess whether there were significant trends over time in factors such as duration of TPN and total energy amount, univariable cumulative logit models were created modeling decade as the outcome; Jonckheere-Terpstra tests were used for categorical factors. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were a total of 112 subjects and 142 episodes of HPN use in CD. Number of subjects starting HPN increased over time from 15 to 101 per decade. Months of HPN use decreased significantly from 88.6 months in the 1970's/1980's to 4.4 months in the 2000s (P < 0.0001). Indications for HPN changed from short bowel as the main indication in the early time period to post-op fistula in the 2000's. The duration of HPN was inversely associated with the year in which it was started for short bowel and post-op fistula (R = −0.74, P < 0.001; R = −0.40, P= 0.01 respectively). TPN composition changed significantly with increases in protein Kcal/day (243.5 to 368.1, P= 0.002), fat Kcal/day (74.7 to 133.1, P= 0.049), total Kcal/day (989.1 to 1644.4, P= 0.02) and number of infusion days (5.7 to 6.3, P= 0.009). It appeared that there was an increase in infections over time however our data on complications during the early time period was limited (P= 0.01). Conclusion: To our knowledge this is one of the largest and longest reports of HPN use in CD patients. Our experience shows that more patients are being placed on HPN than in the past. This is likely due to the trend to send patients with post-op fistula and prolonged ileus home whereas in the past they were observed in the hospital until these problems resolved. The increase in total kcal, protein kcal, fat kcal and number of infusion days reflects this increasing trend of discharging severe bowel dysfunction CD patients that require greater intakes rather than administering in-hospital TPN.Table: Changes in Indications, Duration and Composition of HPN in CD.
Results from the occultation of 14 PISCIUM by (51) NEMAUSA (1984)

The 11 September 1983 occultation of 14 Psc by (51) Nemausa was observed photoelectrically at six sites across the occultation track. The observations are well represented by an elliptical limb profile having a semimajor axis of 84.9±2.0 km and oblateness (1-barcmin/aarcmin) 0.20±0.05. The geocentric position of the asteroid was 0<SUP>s</SUP>.18843±0<SUP>s</SUP>.00022 E and 3arcsec.5696±0arcsec.0030 N of 14 Psc at 7:45:00 UTC on 11 September 1983. The quoted uncertainties are all formal errors from the elliptical least-squares fit. No secondary occultations were observed.
Time Modification and Variable Coding for Packet Transmission of Speech: Early Studies [DSP History] (2012)

This contribution to the history column of IEEE Signal Processing Magazine aims to give a selected sample of work and flavor of thinking in an era more than 30 years ago, when formative notions were being established and explored for packet transmission of speech. The exposition is parochial in that it relates to only one sector of activity; namely, that motivated by telecommunications research. Since that time, enormous advances have been made, technologies refined, methods modified, and capabilities expanded. The hope is that such a snapshot, albeit only from the author's perspective, contributes to expectations for the future.
The effect of alpha-particle-induced soft errors on memory systems with error correction (1980)

Using Poisson statistics, a model for the survival probability of integrated memory circuits having both hard and soft error bit failure mechanisms is developed. Calculations are made over a range of soft error generation rates and erasure intervals for both single and double error correction. It is shown that even if the soft errors are erased effectively instantaneously, there is still an impact on the probability of system survival which is a function of soft error generation rate, and that in the case of instantaneous erasure of soft errors, a system with N bit error correction will have a probability of survival at least as good as the same system with N-1 bit error correction, no matter how high the soft error generation rate.
Pattern similarity study of functional sites in protein sequences: lysozymes and cystatins (2005)

Pattern similarity and average index values of structure-related properties of side chains in short segments of three residues or longer were, for the first time, successfully applied for predicting functional sites in sequences. This new approach may be applicable to studying functional sites in un-annotated proteins, for which complete 3D structures are not yet available.
Comparing serum responses to acute feedings of an extensively hydrolyzed whey protein concentrate versus a native whey protein concentrate in rats: a metabolomics approach (2013)

We examined how gavage feeding extensively hydrolyzed whey protein (WPH) versus a native whey protein concentrate (WPC) transiently affected serum biochemical profiles in rodents. Male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were 8 h fasted and subsequently fed isonitrogenous amounts of WPH or WPC, or remained unfed (control). Animals were sacrificed 15 min, 30 min, and 60 min post-gavage for serum extraction, and serum was analyzed using untargeted global metabolic profiling via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (MS) and liquid chromatography/MS/MS platforms. We detected 333 serum metabolites amongst the experimental and control groups. Both WPH and WPC generally increased amino acids (1.2-2.8-fold), branched-chain amino acids (1.2-1.7-fold), and serum di- and oligo-peptides (1.1-2.7-fold) over the 60 min time course compared with control (q < 0.05). However, WPH increased lysine (false discovery rate using a q-value <0.05) and tended to increase isoleucine and valine 15 min post-feeding (q < 0.10) as well as aspartylleucine 30 min post-feeding compared with WPC (q < 0.05). While both protein sources led to a dramatic increase in free fatty acids compared with control (up to 6-fold increases, q < 0.05), WPH also uniquely resulted in a 30 min post-feeding elevation in free fatty acids compared with WPC (q < 0.05), an effect which may be due to the robust 30 min postprandial increase in epinephrine in the WPH cohort. These data provide a unique postprandial time-course perspective on how WPH versus WPC feedings affect circulating biochemicals and will guide future research comparing these 2 protein sources.
Perspectives in Pancreatic and Islet Transplantation (1992)

The article by Pyzdrowski et al. on transplantation of pancreatic-islet autografts in this issue of the Journal 1 raises several important questions. Is the transplantation of islet autografts appropriate therapy for patients disabled by painful chronic pancreatitis? What do these results tell us about the transplantation of islet allografts? What questions remain to be answered before transplantation of islets or the pancreas can become successful therapy for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus?If islet transplantation is ever to be acceptable therapy for any condition, it must first be demonstrated that free grafts of isolated islets can function in humans. Despite a . . .
Retinoic acid-loaded polymeric nanoparticles enhance vascular regulation of neural stem cell survival and differentiation after ischaemia (2016)

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. However, current therapies only reach a small percentage of patients and may cause serious side effects. We propose the therapeutic use of retinoic acid-loaded nanoparticles (RA-NP) to safely and efficiently repair the ischaemic brain by creating a favourable pro-angiogenic environment that enhances neurogenesis and neuronal restitution. Our data showed that RA-NP enhanced endothelial cell proliferation and tubule network formation and protected against ischaemia-induced death. To evaluate the effect of RA-NP on vascular regulation of neural stem cell (NSC) survival and differentiation, endothelial cell-conditioned media (EC-CM) were collected. EC-CM from healthy RA-NP-treated cells reduced NSC death and promoted proliferation while EC-CM from ischaemic RA-NP-treated cells decreased cell death, increased proliferation and neuronal differentiation. In parallel, human endothelial progenitor cells (hEPC), which are part of the endogenous repair response to vascular injury, were collected from ischaemic stroke patients. hEPC treated with RA-NP had significantly higher proliferation, which further highlights the therapeutic potential of this formulation. To conclude, RA-NP protected endothelial cells from ischaemic death and stimulated the release of pro-survival, proliferation-stimulating factors and differentiation cues for NSC. RA-NP were shown to be up to 83-fold more efficient than free RA and to enhance hEPC proliferation. These data serve as a stepping stone to use RA-NP as vasculotrophic and neurogenic agents for vascular disorders and neurodegenerative diseases with compromised vasculature.
Dense PZT/PbTiO<sub>3</sub> Ceramic Composite Prepared by O<sub>2</sub> HIPing (1996)

In order to obtain a diphasic ceramic composite consisting of Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT) and PbTiO3, the following experiment was carried out. Raw materials were (1) Bi2O3- and Pb(W1/2Ni1/2)O3-modified PZT powder with a composition near the morphotropic phase boundary and average particle size of 0.6μm, pure PbTiO3 powders with average particle size of (2) 5μm and (3) 20μm. These powders were mixed at PZT/PbTiO3 mass ratios of 75/25, 50/50 and 25/75, pressed into disks and then fired at around 1000°C for 0.5h (short-time soak) or 12h (long-time soak). The short-time-soaked compact with PZT/PbTiO3 (20μm) mass ratio of 32.5/67.5 was hot-isostatically pressed (HIPed) at 1000°C and 200MPa in O2(5%)/Ar gas atmosphere for 1h without encapsulation. PZT/PbTiO3 diphasic ceramic composites were obtained at PZT/PbTiO3 mass ratios of 50/50 and 25/75 for (a) short-time soak (0.5h) with 5μm and 20μm PbTiO3 powders and (b) long-time soak (12h) with 20μm PbTiO3 powder, although their relative densities were 50-70%. The HIPed compact was a PZT/PbTiO3 diphasic ceramic composite with 95% relative density. The composition of the reacted PZT in the ceremic composite was shifted to the tetragonal (Ti-rich) side from that of starting PZT powder and compositional fluctuation was observed, while that of PbTiO3 was not detected by X-ray analysis.
Clonality analysis of multifocal carcinoid tumours of the small intestine by X-chromosome inactivation analysis (2000)

The clonality of intestinal carcinoids and the relationship between different tumour deposits of multiple intestinal carcinoids were investigated in this study. Six cases of multiple ileal carcinoids were selected for analysis and three independent carcinoid lesions from each case were microdissected. Clonality of the lesions was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based X-chromosome inactivation of the human androgen receptor gene. Four out of six cases were heterozygous for microsatellite repeats within the androgen receptor gene and thus informative for the study. The results showed that all 12 lesions analysed had non-random X-chromosome inactivation (monoclonal) patterns, compared with the background normal intestinal mucosal tissues. This finding proves for the first time the monoclonal origin of human intestinal carcinoids, by X-chromosome inactivation analysis. More interestingly, identical X-chromosome inactivation patterns were found in different carcinoid lesions from each individual case. This evidence strongly indicates that multiple carcinoids of the small intestine were generated by metastasis of a primary tumour to different locations in the intestine, rather than being of multiple origin. This study provides an important insight into the carcinogenesis of intestinal carcinoids. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Ethical Debate: Measuring Truthiness In Parliamentary Debate (2007)

The practice of competitive debate has, since Ancient Greece, been justified as a way of developing critical thinking, public speaking and civic understanding and the National Parliamentary Debate Association (NPDA) embraces that vision of debate. Founded in 1992, the NPDA strives to promote eivic engagement, leadership and the development of argumentation and public speaking skills through competition in organized, intercollegiate debates. Central to the NPDA's mission is the belief speakers should be able to debate extemporaneously, without reliance on evidence and files, about a wide variety of subjects and thus in addition to other benefits of debate, it encourages student competitors to be informed and knowledgeable on a wide variety of topics. As Rutledge (2002) has observed, however, the educational foundation of parliamentary debate is threatened by lying. If student competitors do not know about current events but actually only claims to know, then parliamentary debate not only has no educational value but also actually teaches people how to lie, trick and deceive, practices, which do not support democracy but actually threaten it. Our research answered Rutledge's call to see if lying is rampant in the NPDA. This would test the viability of NPDA debate as an educational tool.
Comment on “The thermal unimolecular decomposition of HCO: effect of state specific rate constants on the thermal rate constant” by H. Hippler, N. Krasteva and F. Striebel, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2004,<b>6</b>, 3383 (2005)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
A Technique for Internal Fixation of Scapulohumeral Luxation Using Scapulohumeral Tension Sutures in Three Alpacas and One Miniature Steer (2008)

Stabilization of the shoulder joint with lateral scapulohumeral tension sutures after open reduction is effective, technically simple, and should be considered in large animal species weighing <100 kg.
Decomposition mechanisms of trivinylantimony and reactions with trimethylgallium (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDecomposition mechanisms of trivinylantimony and reactions with trimethylgalliumCory A. Larsen, Robert W. Gedridge, Jr., and Gerald B. StringfellowCite this: Chem. Mater. 1991, 3, 1, 96–100Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00013a024RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (609 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High power, diode side pumped Er:YAG lasers (2011)

A high-power diode-pumped monolithic Er:YAG laser platform is presented. The side pumping by qcw laser diodes allows for power scalability, as demonstrated by the scaling of the basic laser system design from a 2 W to a 15 W average power configuration. A key point in the operation of a monolithic laser without any adjustment possibility is to operate the laser always around the ideal adjustment even with different heat loads, respectively, thermal lenses. This is achieved by symmetrically cooling the laser crystal, which leads to a thermal lens symmetrical and collinear with the laser axis of the crystal resulting in stable operation over a wide range of parameters.
Bulbospinal neurons of the rat rostromedial medulla are highly collateralized (2007)

The rostromedial medulla participates in a large variety of sensory, motor, and autonomic functions. We asked whether individual bulbospinal neurons in this region have localized, target-specific terminal arbors or whether they collateralize broadly in the spinal cord. Collateralization was quantified along three spinal axes, rostrocaudal, left-right, and dorsoventral, by using double retrograde labeling. Fluorogold was applied to one target, and cholera toxin B chain (CTB) was applied to the second. We determined the prevalence of neurons that retrogradely label with both tracers in the constituent nuclei of the rostromedial medulla, the raphe nuclei, the gigantocellular reticular nucleus (Gi, bilaterally), the Gi pars alpha (GiA, bilaterally), and the midline medullary reticular formation. A large fraction of neurons in each of these nuclei had bulbospinal projections, ranging from > or =56% for the raphe nuclei to > or =14% for the Gi. For reasons discussed, these values are probably underestimates. Most of the neurons that projected to the lumbar spinal cord also projected to the cervical cord. Likewise, most neurons that projected to the ventral horn also had a collateral branch in the dorsal horn. However, relatively few had bilateral projections; most projected ipsilaterally or contralaterally. A considerable degree of collateralization was also seen among vestibulospinal neurons. The high level of collateralization of the descending projections of the rostromedial medulla suggests that neurons in this area ultimately act on peripheral target tissues or functions that are widely distributed in the body, or that they play a generalized modulatory role across functional modalities, rather than playing specific topographically delimited roles.
A new modification of the technique of arthroscopy of the knee joint. (1976)

Experience from arthroscopy in 224 patients with knee complaints is reported. The common method for arthroscopy is compared with a new modification developed during the study. The new method includes introduction of a 5 mm arthroscope through the patellar tendon at the level of the joint line and the use of hooks to test the menisci and the ligaments. The experience from this method shows that it gives an expanded field of vision and that technical failures are less frequent. No complications occurred. It is stated that arthroscopy is of great value in the diagnosis of knee injuries. However, a high diagnostic accuracy can only be reached by an experienced operator using a strictly standardized method.
Metabolic Lysosomal Enzyme Probes (2008)

Lysosomes are acidic cytoplasmic organelles that are present in all nucleated mammalian cells. Lysosomes have been found to be involved in a variety of cellular processes including repair of the plasma membrane, defense against pathogens, cholesterol homeostasis, bone remodeling, metabolism, apoptosis and cell signaling. Defects in lysosomal enzyme activity have been associated with a variety of diseases including Parkinson's, Tay‐Sachs, Sandhoff, Krabbe and Gaucher's syndromes. New lysosomal staining compounds that are useful for labeling lysosomes in a live‐cell format and are capable of monitoring lysosomal metabolic activity have been developed. These new targeted substrates are based upon fluorescent probes that have a low pKa value for optimum fluorescence at the lower physiological pH values found in the lysosomes as well as targeting groups to direct their accumulation to the lysosomes using a live‐cell staining format. Application to the staining of cells derived from patients with Krabbe's, Gaucher's I and II, Tay‐Sach's and Sandhoff Diseases as well as healthy human and murine fibroblast control cells are presented. In addition the ability to monitor the effect of secondary therapeutic agents on staining is presented. This work was supported by NIH Grant 5R43MH079542‐02.
Holy Smoke: A Dissertation on the Utah War (1979)

Journal Article Holy Smoke: A Dissertation on the Utah War Get access Holy Smoke: A Dissertation on the Utah War. By Bailey Paul. (Los Angeles: Westernlore Books, 1978. 151 p. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $8.95.) Ralph W. Hansen Ralph W. Hansen Stanford, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, Volume 10, Issue 2, April 1979, Pages 240–241, https://doi.org/10.2307/968044 Published: 01 April 1979
Nanoparticle Synthesis by Copper (II) Acetylacetonate Vapor Decomposition in the Presence of Oxygen (2002)

Crystalline nanometer-sized Cu 2 O and CuO particle formation was studied by vapor thermal decomposition of copper (II) acetylacetonate in a vertical laminar flow reactor at ambient pressure. Experiments were carried out at 3 furnace temperature profiles (maximum values of t furn = 432, 596, 705°C) and with 2 carrier gases (oxygen/nitrogen with mixture ratios of 0.5/99.5 and 10.0/90.0). The results of computational fluid dynamics simulations are presented. The introduction of oxygen into the system was found to increase the decomposition rate and removed impurities from particles. The size of produced primary particles varied from 10 to 200 nm. Particle crystallinity was found to depend on both the oxygen concentration and the furnace temperature. A model taking into account the detailed chemical reaction mechanisms during the particle formation is proposed. The model allows one to build a dynamic phase diagram of the condensed products formed during the decomposition and is in good agreement with the experimental results.
Immunological identification of two sulfhydryl-containing fragments of human plasma fibronectin. (1982)

insoluble, fibrillar, collagen-containing, extracellular matrix (5).Fibronectin potentially has several biological functions as judged by its effects on the adhesion and movement of cultured cells (6-11).These functions are related to the capacity of fibronectin to bind to itself and to collagen, fibrin, heparin, proteoglycans, and unidentified cell surface components (3,4,
Conformational Analysis of Hydrazines (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Conformational Processes in Bipyramidal Hydrazines Inversion Scheme (Scheme 2) Rotation Scheme (Scheme 3) Cyclic Bipyramidal Hydrazines Pyramidal–Planar Hydrazines Biplanar Hydrazines Conclusion Acknowledgment References