gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A control system design for the optimal bias point of external modulator (2009)

This paper deals with the effects of direct current bias voltage to X-cut y conduction Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator's export optical power, and achieves a cosine function equation of direct current bias voltage versus export optical power of modulator. The modulator works on an approximate linear region nearby the optimal bias point Vpi/2(plusmn 10 mV). Considering the approximate linear region's range of variation is infinitesimal, a high-accuracy digital signal processing (DSP) control system has been designed which achieves precise control for the optimal bias point, in addition, its control precision can be attained 1mV.
Face Recognition Using Local Mapped Pattern and Genetic Algorithms (2018)

Facial recognition is one of the most used biometric technologies in automated systems which ensure a person's identity for authorizes access and monitoring. The acceptance of face use has several advantages over other biometric technologies since it is natural, it does not require sophisticated equipment, data acquisition is based on non-invasive approaches, and it can be done remotely, cooperatively or not. Although many facial recognition studies have been done, problems with light variation, facial occlusion, position, expression, and aging are still challenges, because they influence the performance of facial recognition systems and motivate the development of more reliable recognition systems that deal with these problems. In this paper, we describe the Multi-Scale Local Mapped Pattern (MSLMP) applied for facial recognition. Techniques based on genetic algorithms and image processing were applied to increase the performance of the method. The obtained results reach up to 100% of accuracy for some face Database. A very difficult database to deal is the MUCT database which was created in 2010 with the aim of providing images with a high variation of lighting, age, positions, and ethnicities in the facial biometry literature, which makes it a highly difficult database in relation to automated recognition. A new processing technique was developed based on the average gray levels of the images of the database for deal with difficult databases like MUCT. The results obtained with our techniques for MUCT database are superior to results obtained for recognition techniques applied to this database available in the literature.
New challenges for syngas fermentation: towards production of biopolymers (2015)

Abstract Organic wastes are a suitable feedstock for the production of value‐added products that have been insufficiently exploited due to their complexity, which challenges their transformation by conventional procedures. Gasification and pyrolysis of organic wastes can reduce this complexity by producing syngas ( CO plus H 2 and other C1 gases), which can be used as a valuable commodity by catalytic conversion into chemicals. However, the high cost and susceptibility to poisoning of chemical catalysts have encouraged research on biocatalysts that convert C1 components of syngas into different multi‐carbon compounds. Nowadays, research on syngas fermentation is receiving much attention in order to enhance the productivity of microorganisms by remodeling their metabolism and by optimizing the bioreactor operational conditions. This review highlights the new technical achievements of pyrolysis as well as the new biotechnological uses of syngas for the production of bulk chemicals and biopolymers, discussing the major bottlenecks that challenge syngas fermentation. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
The Writer is at the Center of the Scholarship (2012)

Ever suffer from writer's blahs? Read on to learn from Robert J. Nash and DeMethra LaSha Bradley how to inject the vigor of personal narrative into the rigor of traditional research.
Implementation of human endocrine cell structure on FPGA for self-healing advanced digital system (2016)

Self-repairing Digital systems have recently been regarded as the most promising alternative for fault tolerant systems. However, such systems are impractical in many cases, particularly due to the complex rerouting process involved once the system turns faulty. The efficiency is reduced as the scale in circuit size increases in Dual Modular Redundancy (DMR) and Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) techniques. One of the reasons is the extra hardware. The Embryonic concept has within itself a theory called Endocrine cellular communication system which is the idea behind the proposed fault tolerance system. Here, the endocrine theory is being imbibed with in the digital circuit to achieve the best possible fault tolerance. The proposed method is, in the digital circuit each working unit is surrounded by two spare units and if any one of the working unit becomes faulty, the spare unit should automatically turn active. The priority set by the system helps in choosing the spare unit to be used. The ultimate goal of this work is to overcome challenges and implement a platform model for fault tolerance techniques in digital Systems. This platform model would be used in very large-scale integrated circuits capable of self-healing and Self-replication.
Simian virus 40 DNA replication in vitro. (1984)

Soluble extracts prepared from monkey cells (COS-1 or BSC-40) infected with simian virus 40 (SV40) catalyze the efficient replication of exogenously added plasmid DNA molecules containing the cloned SV40 origin of replication. Extracts prepared from uninfected monkey cells also support origin-dependent replication in vitro but only in the presence of added SV40 large tumor (T) antigen. Very little DNA synthesis is observed when the cloned viral origin contains a 4-base-pair deletion mutation known to abolish SV40 DNA replication in vivo or when the parental plasmid vector lacking SV40 sequences is employed as template. The in vitro replication reaction proceeds via branched intermediates (theta structures) that resemble in vivo replication intermediates. Replication is sensitive to aphidicolin but relatively resistant to dideoxythymidine triphosphate. The product of the reaction consists of covalently closed circular DNA molecules that contain full-length daughter strands hydrogen bonded to the parental template. These observations support the conclusion that replication in the in vitro system closely resembles SV40 DNA replication in vivo. The system provides a biochemical assay for the replication activity of SV40 T antigen and should also facilitate the purification and functional characterization of cellular proteins involved in DNA replication.
Two-Dimensional NOESY Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Molecular Dynamics Study in Conformation Behavior of 2-Octanone in Humic Acid (2001)

Two-dimensional homonulcear 1H nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) reveals that the 1-octanol and 2-octanone (and possibly n-octane) adopt a highly improbable folded conformation when solubilized within humic acids (HA). Such folding brings the nonpolar tail into close contact with the polar head, a conformation that suggests the existence of cage-like environments which force small molecules to fold rather than extend. We investigated whether Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations repeat this unusual conformation. Our MD results for 2-octanone support the folded conformation (intramolecular interaction) and do not indicate the interactions from neighboring 2-octanone molecules (intermolecular interaction). In addition, we found that: 1) the folded conformations can also exist on the surface of HA, but vibrate at a high frequency which hinders NOE effect; 2) all 2-octanones in aqueous phase are in linear conformation; 3) the carbonyl group (>C=O) of 2-octanone within HA accepts a hydrogen-bond from HA; a particular hydroxyl group (-OH) is the dominant donor, with other -OH groups competing less successfully; 4) within the scope of this study, 2octanone was found to diffuse into interiors of humic acid aggregates but not the interiors of individual HA molecules.
As One Gate Shuts... (2011)

As I drove out of the gates of the Henty Machinery Field Days (HMFD) for the last time as the Chief Executive Officer, one part of me feels somewhat elated to be leaving and the other half feels a real sense of loss to be driving out of a place that has played a major role in mine, and my family's life, for 38 years.
Notch signaling controls the differentiation of transporting epithelia and multiciliated cells in the zebrafish pronephros (2007)

Epithelial tubules consist of multiple cell types that are specialized for specific aspects of organ function. In the zebrafish pronephros, multiciliated cells (MCCs) are specialized for fluid propulsion, whereas transporting epithelial cells recover filtered-blood solutes. These cell types are distributed in a ;salt-and-pepper' fashion in the pronephros, suggesting that a lateral inhibition mechanism may play a role in their differentiation. We find that the Notch ligand Jagged 2 is expressed in MCCs and that notch3 is expressed in pronephric epithelial cells. Morpholino knockdown of either jagged 2 or notch3, or mutation in mind bomb (in which Notch signaling is impaired), dramatically expands ciliogenic gene expression, whereas ion transporter expression is lost, indicating that pronephric cells are transfated to MCCs. Conversely, ectopic expression of the Notch1a intracellular domain represses MCC differentiation. Gamma-secretase inhibition using DAPT demonstrated a requirement for Notch signaling early in pronephric development, before the pattern of MCC differentiation is apparent. Strikingly, we find that jagged 2 knockdown generates extra cilia and is sufficient to rescue the kidney cilia mutant double bubble. Our results indicate that Jagged 2/Notch signaling modulates the number of multiciliated versus transporting epithelial cells in the pronephros by way of a genetic pathway involving repression of rfx2, a key transcriptional regulator of the ciliogenesis program.
Epitaxial MgB2 superconducting thin films with a transition temperature of 39 Kelvin (2001)

We report the growth of high-quality epitaxial MgB2 thin films on (1102) Al2O3 and (001) SrTiO3 substrates by using a pulsed laser deposition technique. The thin films grown on Al2O3 substrates show a Tc of 39 K with a sharp transition width of ~ 0.7 K. The critical current density in zero field is ~ 8 x 10^6 A/cm^2 at 5 K, suggesting that this compound has great potential for industrial applications. Also, Al2O3 is a very promising substrate in terms of superconducting device applications because of its high thermal conductivity and small dielectric constant. For the films deposited on Al2O3, X-ray diffraction patterns indicate a c-axis-oriented crystal structure perpendicular to the substrate surface whereas the films deposited on SrTiO3 show {101} plane as the preferred orientation.
The <i>In Vitro</i> Cytotoxicity of Ascorbate Depends on the Culture Medium Used to Perform the Assay and Involves Hydrogen Peroxide (2001)

Reports about the effects of ascorbate (vitamin C) on cultured cells are confusing and conflicting. Some authors show inhibition of cell death by ascorbate, whereas others demonstrate that ascorbate is cytotoxic. In this report, using three different cell types and two different culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and RPMI 1640), we show that the toxicity of ascorbate is due to ascorbate-mediated production of H2O2, to an extent that varies with the medium used to culture the cells. For example, 1 mM ascorbate generates 161 +/- 39 microM H2O2 in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and induces apoptosis in 50% of HL60 cells, whereas in RPMI 1640 only 83 +/- 17 microM H2O2 is produced and no apoptosis is detected. Apoptosis is prevented by catalase, and direct addition of H2O2 at the above concentration to the cells has similar effects to ascorbate. These results show that ascorbate itself is not toxic to the cell lines used and that effects of ascorbate in vivo cannot be predicted from studies on cultured cells. The ability of ascorbate to interact with different cell culture media to produce H2O2 at different rates could account for many or all of the conflicting results obtained using ascorbate in cultured cell assays.
Ferroelectric Polymer Thin Films for Organic Electronics (2015)

The considerable investigations of ferroelectric polymer thin films have explored new functional devices for flexible electronics industry. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its copolymer with trifluoroethylene (TrFE) are the most commonly used polymer ferroelectric due to their well‐defined ferroelectric properties and ease of fabrication into thin films. In this study, we review the recent advances of thin ferroelectric polymer films for organic electronic applications. Initially the properties of ferroelectric polymer and fabrication methods of thin films are briefly described. Then the theoretical polarization switching models for ferroelectric polymer films are summarized and the switching mechanisms are discussed. Lastly the emerging ferroelectric devices based on P(VDF‐TrFE) films are addressed. Conclusions are drawn regarding future work on materials and devices.
AMP-activated protein kinase pathway and bone metabolism (2011)

There is increasing evidence that osteoporosis, similarly to obesity and diabetes, could be another disorder of energy metabolism. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has emerged over the last decade as a key sensing mechanism in the regulation of cellular energy homeostasis and is an essential mediator of the central and peripheral effects of many hormones on the metabolism of appetite, fat and glucose. Novel work demonstrates that the AMPK signaling pathway also plays a role in bone physiology. Activation of AMPK promotes bone formation in vitro and the deletion of α or β subunit of AMPK decreases bone mass in mice. Furthermore, AMPK activity in bone cells is regulated by the same hormones that regulate food intake and energy expenditure through AMPK activation in the brain and peripheral tissues. AMPK is also activated by antidiabetic drugs such as metformin and thiazolidinediones (TZDs), which also impact on skeletal metabolism. Interestingly, TZDs have detrimental skeletal side effects, causing bone loss and increasing the risk of fractures, although the role of AMPK mediation is still unclear. These data are presented in this review that also discusses the potential roles of AMPK in bone as well as the possibility for AMPK to be a future therapeutic target for intervention in osteoporosis.
Mitochondrial respiratory chain-dependent generation of superoxide anion and its release into the intermembrane space (2001)

It has been generally accepted that superoxide anion generated by the mitochondrial respiratory transport chain are vectorially released into the mitochondrial matrix, where they are converted to hydrogen peroxide through the catalytic action of Mn-superoxide dismutase. Release of superoxide anion into the intermembrane space is a controversial topic, partly unresolved by the reaction of superoxide anion with cytochrome c, which faces the intermembrane space and is present in this compartment at a high concentration. This study was aimed at assessing the topological site(s) of release of superoxide anion during respiratory chain activity. To address this issue, mitoplasts were prepared from isolated mitochondria by digitonin treatment to remove portions of the outer membrane along with portions of cytochrome c. EPR analysis in conjunction with spin traps of antimycin-supplemented mitoplasts revealed the formation of a spin adduct of superoxide anion. The EPR signal was (i) abrogated by superoxide dismutase, (ii) decreased competitively by exogenous ferricytochrome c and (iii) broadened by the membrane-impermeable spin-broadening agent chromium trioxalate. These results confirm the production and release of superoxide anion towards the cytosolic side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. In addition, co-treatment of mitoplasts with myxothiazol and antimycin A, resulting in an inhibition of the oxidation of ubiquinol to ubisemiquinone, abolished the EPR signal, thus suggesting that ubisemiquinone autoxidation at the outer site of the complex-III ubiquinone pool is a pathway for superoxide anion formation and subsequent release into the intermembrane space. The generation of superoxide anion towards the intermembrane space requires consideration of the mitochondrial steady-state values for superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, the decay pathways of these oxidants in this compartment and the implications of these processes for cytosolic events.
Hepatocyte innervation in primates. (1977)

The efferent innervation and some characteristics of nerve fibers of the liver lobule in the tree shrew, a primate, are described. Nerve endings on hepatocytes were encountered regularly and were determined to be efferent adrenergic nerves. Transmission electron microscopy revealed nerve endings and varicosities in close apposition to the hepatocytes adjacent to the connective tissue of the triads as well as within the liver lobule in the space of Disse. Fluorescence microscopy indicated the existence of adrenergic nerves with a similar distribution. Autoradiography of the avid uptake of exogenous [3H]norepinephrine indicated that all intralobular nerves are potentially norepinephrinergic (adrenergic). Chemical sympathectomy with 6-OH-dopamine resulted in the degeneration of all intralobular liver nerve fibers as revealed by fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. Substantial regeneration occurred after 60-90 days but was not completed by that time. Some nerves were also observed in close association with von Kupffer cells and endothelial cells. The functional significance of the efferent liver innervation is discussed.
The acylation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate in mammalian organs and Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. (1979)

The properties of acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase in mitochondrial and microsomal fractions from liver and other organs of rat, mouse, guinea pig, rabbit, and beef are described.In liver of all species, the specific activity of the mitochondrial and microsomal enzyme is similar, whereas in other organs the microsomal enzyme is at least 10 times more active.In all types of mitochondria the enzyme shows a strong preference for palmityl-CoA, is insensitive to N-ethylmaleimide, and produces monoacylglycerophosphate as a major product.Microsomal preparations, by contrast, catalyze the acylation of glycerophosphate with both palmityl-CoA and oleyl-CoA, are almost completely inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide, and produce diacylglycerophosphate as the chief reaction product.These criteria, as well as striking differences in response to acetone, are also used to characterize mitochondrial and microsomal associated activities in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.The properties of the enzyme in the mitochondrial fraction of Ehrlich cells resemble those of its microsomal counterpart.Subcellular distribution studies, using marker enzymes, indicate that glycerophosphate acyltransferase activity in these cells is confined to the microsomes.Taken together, the results raise the possibility that the absence of the acyl-CoA-specific mitochondrial enzyme may have a bearing on the unusual positioning of saturated fatty acids found in certain phospholipids in these tumor cells.Additional experiments indicate that, regardless of whether palmityl-CoA or oleyl-CoA is used as acyl donor, 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate is the major, if not sole product of sn-glycerol a-phosphate acylation in rat liver mitochondria and microsomes as well as in Ehrlich tumor cell microsomes.
Levels of Serum Trace Elements in Renal Cell Carcinoma Cases (2013)

Trace elements which are essential components of biological structures may also be toxic when present at levels above the amounts required for biological function. In our study, trace element levels were measured with furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 33 newly diagnosed renal cell carcinoma cases (preoperative) and 32 healthy controls. When compared with the control group, it was found that the levels of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) were higher and the levels of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) were lower in the patient group. These changes may be important in the formation of renal cell carcinoma, a question which should be explored with postoperative comparative studies.
Sugarcane bagasse for environmentally friendly super-absorbent polymer: synthesis methods and potential applications in oil industry (2021)

Abstract Super-absorbent polymer (SAP) is able to absorb water by multiple times more than its own weight. Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) raw material has been excessively produced as a byproduct in sugar factory. The synthesis of SAP from SCB creates a balance between the utilization of industrial by-product and the resulted environmentally friendly material. In oil production water might be a troublesome, thus minimizing water production while extracting oil is essential. Besides, diversion of the flow in heterogeneous reservoir optimizes the oil production. SCB-SAP might have the potential to act as a water absorbing agent and flow diverter by taking the advantage of SAP high swelling ratio characteristic. This study provides the information of SCB-SAP synthesis methods and highlights the current application of SAP in oil industry, including the laboratory studies and field tests.
Les études de droit public sous l’Ancien Régime et les Libertés de l’Église gallicane (2004)

International audience
The Ongoing Quality Improvement Journey: Next Stop, High Reliability (2011)

Quality improvement in health care has a long history that includes such epic figures as Ignaz Semmelweis, the nineteenth-century obstetrician who introduced hand washing to medical care, and Florence Nightingale, the English nurse who determined that poor living conditions were a leading cause of the deaths of soldiers at army hospitals. Systematic and sustained improvement in clinical quality in particular has a more brief and less heroic trajectory. Over the past fifty years, a variety of approaches have been tried, with only limited success. More recently, some health care organizations began to adopt the lessons of high-reliability science, which studies organizations such as those in the commercial aviation industry, which manage great hazard extremely well. We review the evolution of quality improvement in US health care and propose a framework that hospitals and other organizations can use to move toward high reliability.
Smart infrastructure for carbon foot print analysis of electric vehicles (2010)

Electric powered vehicles use energy stored in some form of battery for the vehicle propulsion drive and to power auxiliary instruments such as air conditioning, stereo and in car equipments. Many research initiatives are currently underway to evaluate the potential and performance of electric cars and to identify any barriers to their uptake (being, technical, economic or social) as a greener alternative to the internal combustion engine traditionally powered by fossil fuels. This study provides an early insight into research undertaken by Newcastle University to investigate the performance of electric vehicles through on-road testing, user led trials and the analysis of the data collected from the vehicle. Newcastle University is currently involved in creating a smart ITS infrastructure to analyse the electric vehicle performance by monitoring the vehicles in terms of the power consumed, distance traveled, trip profile, auxiliary loads and driving styles to determine how the battery discharges and recharges under different conditions, By measuring the energy usage on any particular journey the equivalent carbon footprint for the journey can be estimated from the prevailing CO2 per KWh assuming the mean electricity generation profile in the UK. This paper will discuss the results from electric vehicle monitoring infrastructure by analysing the energy regeneration and energy usage, thereby calculating the impact to the environment.