gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and management of hypocalcaemia (2008)

Hypocalcaemia is a potentially life threatening biochemical abnormality that carries risks for serious errors in diagnosis and treatment. Hypocalcaemia presents in primary and secondary care; it has a prevalence of 18% in all patients in hospital and 85% in the intensive care unit.1 2 The most common cause of hypocalcaemia in primary care is vitamin D deficiency, which—depending on population demographics—may have a prevalence as high as 50%.3 Hypocalcaemia may be an asymptomatic laboratory finding or a life threatening metabolic disturbance. Acute hypocalcaemia can result in severe symptoms that require rapid admission to hospital and correction. In contrast, when hypocalcaemia develops slowly patients can be surprisingly free of symptoms. This review will help clinicians to optimise the diagnosis and management of patients with hypocalcaemia. Because hypocalcaemia often presents as an emergency and symptoms are rapidly reversed by giving calcium, the evidence base for managing acute hypocalcaemia is mostly based on experience rather than controlled trials.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched PubMed for articles whose titles included the terms “hypocalcaemia”, “hypoparathyroidism”, or “osteomalacia” and restricted the search to articles published in English in the previous 10 years. We individually reviewed the titles of the resulting 578 articles to identify major themes. Additional searches were made of contemporary textbooks. 

The concentration of calcium in the serum (normal range 2.10-2.60 mmol/l)is regulated by the action of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D on the kidneys, bones, and gastrointestinal tract (fig 1)⇓. Parathyroid hormone stimulates calcium resorption in the kidney and calcium release from bone. It also stimulates renal production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) from 25-hydroxyvitamin D. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D is the most active form of vitamin D, and it acts on the gastrointestinal tract to increase calcium absorption. Vitamin D is obtained mainly through synthesis in the skin, with a small contribution from the …
Glomerular Filtration Rate and Albuminuria (2007)

In the past three decades, urinary albumin excretion has assumed a central role in the diagnosis and management of kidney disease among people with diabetes, both type 1 and type 2. Microalbuminuria was initially found to predict subsequent overt albuminuria (dipstick positive, or ≥300 mg/24 h),
Transforming Activity of Bovine and Human Papillomaviruses in Cultured Cells (1991)

The papillomaviruses have been studied intensively over the past several years because of their ability to induce tumors in animals and because of the strong association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and some human carcinomas. Despite numerous attempts, it has not been possible to propagate the infectious papillomavirus particles in cultured cells. Nonetheless, the papillomaviruses can exert profound effects on cell morphology and growth properties. This is first demonstrated for the fibropapillomaviruses, in particular bovine papillomavirus type I (BPVI), which can efficiently induce morphologic and tumorigenic transformation of cultured fibroblasts. It has proved more difficult to demonstrate similar activity for the papillomaviruses such as the HPV or the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus that cause purely epithelial lesions. Despite the progress made in identifying biological responses to the papillomavirus-transforming genes in cultured cells, a better understanding of papillomavirus-induced tumorigenesis awaits a molecular description of the biochemical events underlying these complex phenotypes. The development of transient expression systems that rapidly generate homogeneous population of cells responding to viral gene products should facilitate this analysis.
Licensing Intellectual Property and Technology from the Financially-Troubled or Startup Company: Prebankruptcy Strategies to Minimize the Risk in a Licensee's Intellectual Property and Technology Investment (2000)

Upon filing a petition for relief under the Bankruptcy Code, "all legal or equitable interests of the debtor in property" 1 4 become property of the debtor's bankruptcy estate.1 5 As a result, to the extent that a debtor has a prebankruptcy interest, legal or equitable, in an intellectual property and technology license, that license becomes property of the debtor's bankruptcy estate under section 541 of the Bankruptcy Code. 16 A trustee or 13. S. Rep. No. 100-505, at 4 (1988).See also Gucci, 126 F.3d at 393-94 (explaining that section 365(n) was enacted, in part, to ameliorate the adverse impact of the rejection of a prepetition license on a nondebtor licensee's business); Encino Bus.Management, Inc. v. Prize Frize, Inc.(In re Prize Frize, Inc.), 32 E3d 426, 428 (9th
Flavonoid treatment reduces glycation and lipid peroxidation in experimental diabetic rats (1994)

Abstract It has been reported that flavonoids in vitro have the capacity to inhibit aldose reductase. The aim of this study was to evaluate this property in vivo . We chose diosmin, a freely available and inexpensive flavonoid without major side effects. Streptozotocin diabetic rats were treated for a period of 8 months with diosmin, mixed with their food. Sorbitol accumulation was measured in erythrocytes and in eye lenses. In these tissues diosmin did not appear to inhibit aldose reductase. However, diosmin‐treated animals maintained a greater body weight than the untreated group. Although the glycaemic values were the same, and the insulinaemias even lower in the diosmin group, glycated haemoglobin was significantly decreased compared with the untreated animals. Skin collagen fluorescence, an index of collagen glycation, was also significantly decreased in the treated animals. Malondialdehyde, a stable end product of lipid peroxidation, was decreased in the treated animals. Diosmin was well tolerated by the animals. In conclusion, diosmin is a safe and inexpensive product. It cannot inhibit aldose reductase activity in vivo but diosmin causes a significant reduction of the glycation of proteins in diabetic animals. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation is also observed but it is not clear whether or not this phenomenon is a direct consequence of the decreased glycation.
Epidemiology of Seafood-Associated Infections in the United States (2010)

Seafood is part of a healthful diet, but seafood consumption is not risk-free. Seafood is responsible for an important proportion of food-borne illnesses and outbreaks in the United States. Seafood-associated infections are caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, and parasites; this diverse group of pathogens results in a wide variety of clinical syndromes, each with its own epidemiology. Some seafood commodities are inherently more risky than others, owing to many factors, including the nature of the environment from which they come, their mode of feeding, the season during which they are harvested, and how they are prepared and served. Prevention of seafood-associated infections requires an understanding not only of the etiologic agents and seafood commodities associated with illness but also of the mechanisms of contamination that are amenable to control. Defining these problem areas, which relies on surveillance of seafood-associated infections through outbreak and case reporting, can lead to targeted research and help to guide control efforts. Coordinated efforts are necessary to further reduce the risk of seafood-associated illnesses. Continued surveillance will be important to assess the effectiveness of current and future prevention strategies.
Harmonic reduction techniques for single-switch three-phase boost rectifiers (2002)

Techniques for reducing harmonic distortion in single-switch three-phase boost rectifiers are presented. Optimal pulse-width modulation methods for the main switch to minimize input harmonic current distortion or to maximize the converter power range are described first. Effects of the voltage control loop on the input current waveform are then investigated by using the harmonic balance method. It is found that through proper design of the voltage controller, the input current harmonics in the closed-loop controlled system can be reduced to almost the same level as when the optimized PWM is applied. Simulation and experimental results are included to validate the analysis.
Wachstum und Struktur-Eigenschafts-Beziehungen von epitaktischen antiferroelektrisch/ferroelektrischen oxidischen Multilagen (2008)

Epitaktische ferroelektrisch/antiferroelektrische (FE/AFE) PbZr0.8Ti0.2O3/ PbZrO3 (PZT/PZO) Multilagen (MLs) mit verschiedenen Einzellagendicken, hergestellt mit der gepulsten Laser-Deposition, wurden umfassend untersucht. Die makroskopische P-V-, I-V- und C-V-Messungen der MLs mit Einzellagendicken oberhalb von 10 nm zeigen ein gemischtes AFE-FE Verhalten, und die der Multilagen mit Einzellagendicken unterhalb von 10 nm zeigen dagegen nur FE Verhalten. Offensichtlich beobachtet man einen strukturellen Phasenübergang von orthorhombisch zu rhomboedrisch in den PZO-Lagen bei einer Einzellagendicke unterhalb von 10 nm, was sich in den Eigenschaften widerspiegelt. Der Phasenübergang von orthorhombisch zu rhomboedrisch wurde auch durch strukturelle Untersuchungen nachgewiesen, sowohl durch XRD (inkl. RSM-Messungen) als auch durch HRTEM. Die Ursachen des Phasenüberganges in den PZO-Lagen werden diskutiert. Außerdem werden die Struktur-Eigenschafts-Beziehungen von dünnen epitaktischen PZO- und PZT-Schichten ausreichend untersucht. Hier werden u.a. die Gründe der Entstehung unterschiedlicher Orientierungen und das Phänomen des zusätzlichen Auftretens FE Eigenschaften im AFE PZO diskutiert.
Asymptomatic and neurologically symptomatic HIV-seropositive individuals: prospective evaluation with cranial MR imaging. (1991)

As part of a prospective multidisciplinary study of individuals seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cranial magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed on 119 HIV-seropositive subjects (95 asymptomatic, 24 symptomatic) and the results were correlated with clinical data. MR images regarded as positive included those showing atrophy and/or white matter lesions. On the basis of these criteria, 96 subjects had normal MR images and 23 had abnormal images. Results of chi 2 analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between the asymptomatic group (12 of 95 [13%] with abnormal scans) and the symptomatic group (11 of 24 [46%] with abnormal scans) (P = .001). In the asymptomatic group, positive MR images showed fewer, smaller, and/or less extensive abnormalities. The researchers conclude that (a) MR imaging can show indirect evidence of HIV infection early in the disease, but abnormalities will be minor and seen only in a small minority of neurologically asymptomatic subjects; (b) the appearance of clinically recognizable neurologic disease correlates with the MR imaging findings of increasingly severe brain atrophy and white matter lesions; and (c) in some HIV-seropositive subjects, despite neurologic disease, MR images can remain normal. Results indicate that routine screening with cranial MR imaging of neurologically asymptomatic HIV-seropositive individuals would likely result in a low yield of positive findings.
History and homage (2000)

One should not expect a composer’s works to be entirely personal creations, offering no analogy whatever with the achievements of his predecessors.ravel
Betaine reverses toxic effects of aluminium: Implications in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-like pathology (1998)

Impairment in T-maze erformance of aduIt rats P, caused by altminiurn $(A1^{3+})$ and the reversal of it by betaine, a methyl donor, was studied. Besides, conformational change in the secondary structure of $\\beta$ amloid peptide $(A\\beta)$ brought about by the addition of $(A1^{3+})$ in vitro, was also studied using CD-spectroscopy. The organisrnal study proved that betaine is effective in restoring the memory loss caused by $(A1^{3+})$ possibly through augmentation of choline leveIs, as betaine is involved in the synthesis of choline. The CD-spectra recorded indicate loss of $\\alpha$ -helical content of the peptide $(A\\beta)$ caused by the addition of $(A1^{3+})$ , which was reversed to some extent by the addition of betaine. Betaine may thus preventlstop the progression of plaque formation seen during the initial stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and AD-like pathology as the loss of secondary structure of $A\\beta$ is suspected to be an early event in the aetiopathology of ADIAD-like perturbations caused by Al toxicity. Betaine, a natural product occurring in beetroot (Beta vulgaris), and a by product in the process of manufacturing beet sugar may thus prove efficacious in the treatment of diseases involving dysfunctions of cholinergic system leading to memory loss.
Relationship of neuroleptic drug effects at brain dopamine, serotonin, alpha-adrenergic, and histamine receptors to clinical potency (1980)

The authors examined the potencies of 22 neuroleptic drugs competing for binding sites associated with dopamine, serotonin, alpha-adrenergic, and histamine receptors in brain membranes. They found that although many neuroleptics are quite potent in competing at several of these receptor sites, the average antipsychotic clinical potency correlates closely only with the drug affinity for dopamine receptors labeled by 3H-spiroperidol At clinically effective doses, however, substantial occupancy of serotonin, alpha-adrenergic, and histamine receptors often occurs and may account for some of the auxiliary actions of neuroleptics.
Neutrally buoyant anisotropic particles for flow visualization (1984)

Anisotropic flakes dispersed in certain liquids are shown to remain suspended for periods of the order of months. Such particles represent an ideal flow visualization technique, especially for thermally driven flows such as Rayleigh–Bénard convection.
A Review of Water Mist Fire Suppression Systems-- Fundamental Studies (1999)

The progress on the research and application of water mist systems in fire suppression has been substantial over the last decade. To bring this work into focus, a review has been undertaken to identify future developments and potential efficacy improvements for water mist fire suppression systems. This paper, as a first step, provides a review of the fundamental research in water mist fire suppression systems. This includes a review of extinguishing mechanisms and the factors that influence the performance of water mist, such as spray characteristics, enclosure effects, dynamic mixing, the use of additives and methods of generating water mist. Recent studies on the use of computer modeling for the development of water mist fire suppression systems are also reviewed and discussed.The review shows that the extinguishing mechanisms and the role of spray characteristics in fire suppression have become well understood and identified. Water mist does not behave like a "true" gaseous agent in fire suppression. The effectiveness of a water mist system in fire suppression is dependent on spray characteristics (the distribution of droplet sizes, flux density and spray dynamics) with respect to the fire scenario (shielding of the fuel, fire size and ventilation conditions). Other factors, such as enclosure effect and the dynamic mixing created by the discharge of water mist, also affect the performance of water mist in fire suppression. A combination of experimental and computational modeling studies with validation by fire tests will make the development of water mist systems much more efficient and effective.
Deep Bayesian Self-Training (2019)

Supervised deep learning has been highly successful in recent years, achieving state-of-the-art results in most tasks. However, with the ongoing uptake of such methods in industrial applications, the requirement for large amounts of annotated data is often a challenge. In most real-world problems, manual annotation is practically intractable due to time/labour constraints; thus, the development of automated and adaptive data annotation systems is highly sought after. In this paper, we propose both a (1) deep Bayesian self-training methodology for automatic data annotation, by leveraging predictive uncertainty estimates using variational inference and modern neural network (NN) architectures, as well as (2) a practical adaptation procedure for handling high label variability between different dataset distributions through clustering of NN latent variable representations. An experimental study on both public and private datasets is presented illustrating the superior performance of the proposed approach over standard self-training baselines, highlighting the importance of predictive uncertainty estimates in safety-critical domains.
Mass Spectrometric Observation of Persistent lon-Molecule Complexes of Acrylonitrile and of Benzene (1962)

Two persistent collision complexes between an ion and a neutral molecule have been observed in a mass spectrometer. C 6 H 6 N 2 + (primary ion C 3 H 3 N + ) is formed in acrylonitrile, C 12 H 11 + (primary ion C 6 H 3 + ) in benzene. The formation of both complexes very strongly decreases with increasing kinetic energy of the ions. This is explained by the decrease in lifetime due to the increased internal energy of the activated complexes. Some decomposition products of the complexes have also been observed. The results are compared to POTTIE and HAMILL′S theory of complex formation.
[Anxiety in the psychotherapy of adolescents]. (1986)

Angste vor Symbiose und Autonomie sind wesentliche Elemente unbewuster Angst im Jugendalter. Sie sind Teil normativer Krisen auf der Suche nach Identitat oder pathomorpher Entwicklungen bis hin zur Borderline-Erkrankung. Gegenubertragungsangste des Psychotherapeuten in der Therapie von Jugendlichen haben oft depressiven oder paranoiden Charakter. Sie haben ihre Ursache sowohl in der Personlichkeit des Therapeuten, als auch in den einer Jugendlichen-Therapie eigenen Schwierigkeiten, die eine besonders hohe Anforderung an das Therapeuten-Ich stellen.
Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), novel biomarker for assessing atrial fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation and rheumatic heart disease. (2015)

GDF-15 might involve in the development and maintenance of atrial fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation and rheumatic heart disease, and GDF-15 could be used as a novel biomarker to evaluate myocardial fibrosis in the future.
A SUCCESS STORY FOR THE SUMMER YOUTH EMPLOYMENT TRAINING PROGRAM (1986)

This article examines the effectiveness of the 1984 Summer Youth Employment Training Program at Northwest Mississippi Junior College in Senatobia, Mississippi. Funded by a Title II‐B Job Training Partnership Act through the Governor's Office of Job Development and Training, the program involved 133 students, from 14 to 21 years of age, and 21 faculty and staff members. To assess the success of the program pre— and post‐testing was accomplished with the Tests of Adult Basic Education, and a correlated t_ test was used to determine if there was a significant difference between the scores of the two tests in all categories. The statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences at the p < .05 level in all eight categories and the Total Battery. The comparison showed that in every category the mean score increased on the post‐test. As stated in the proposal, the goal for remediation was to increase grade levels by an average of 0.5 grade equivalency. This goal was surpassed with 70% of the 120 participants who completed the program increasing from 0.5 to 3.0 grade levels. The results indicate that an educational need was fulfilled, bridging the gap between the students’ entering level of competency and a higher level required for effective performance in school and in the world of work.
Smart Antennas (2004)

The use of smart antennas to increase mobile communications channels has re-ignited research and development in the field. Practicing engineers are eager to discover more about this subject, and need a comprehensive book that can provide a learning platform and prevent the loss of time spent on searches through journal literature.Smart Ante
Stability and band offsets of nitrogenated high-dielectric-constant gate oxides (2003)

We find that addition of nitrogen to high-dielectric-constant gate oxides such as HfO2, La2O3, and silicates adds gap states up to 1.2 eV above their valence-band edge. This reduces the valence-band offset, but not by enough to reduce the hole injection barrier to unsafe levels. Nitrogen also leads to a decrease in average atomic coordination, which may help to increase their resistance to crystallization and ability to withstand high temperature processing.
Temporal and mutation-specific alterations in Ca<sup>2+</sup> homeostasis differentially determine the progression of cTnT-related cardiomyopathies in murine models (2009)

Naturally occurring mutations in cardiac troponin T (cTnT) result in a clinical subset of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. To determine the mechanistic links between thin-filament mutations and cardiovascular phenotypes, we have generated and characterized several transgenic mouse models carrying cTnT mutations. We address two central questions regarding the previously observed changes in myocellular mechanics and Ca(2+) homeostasis: 1) are they characteristic of all severe cTnT mutations, and 2) are they primary (early) or secondary (late) components of the myocellular response? Adult left ventricular myocytes were isolated from 2- and 6-mo-old transgenic mice carrying missense mutations at residue 92, flanking the TNT1 NH(2)-terminal tail domain. Results from R92L and R92W myocytes showed mutation-specific alterations in contraction and relaxation indexes at 2 mo with improvements by 6 mo. Alterations in Ca(2+) kinetics remained consistent with mechanical data in which R92L and R92W exhibited severe diastolic impairments at the early time point that improved with increasing age. A normal regulation of Ca(2+) kinetics in the context of an altered baseline cTnI phosphorylation suggested a pathogenic mechanism at the myofilament level taking precedence for R92L. The quantitation of Ca(2+)-handling proteins in R92W mice revealed a synergistic compensatory mechanism involving an increased Ser16 and Thr17 phosphorylation of phospholamban, contributing to the temporal onset of improved cellular mechanics and Ca(2+) homeostasis. Therefore, independent cTnT mutations in the TNT1 domain result in primary mutation-specific effects and a differential temporal onset of altered myocellular mechanics, Ca(2+) kinetics, and Ca(2+) homeostasis, complex mechanisms which may contribute to the clinical variability in cTnT-related familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations.
Editorial Comment (1951)

Research Article| January 01 1951 Editorial Comment Arthur W. Jones Arthur W. Jones Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1951) 13 (1): 18–20. https://doi.org/10.2307/4438227 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Arthur W. Jones; Editorial Comment. The American Biology Teacher 1 January 1951; 13 (1): 18–20. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4438227 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.