gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and sudden death in mice lacking natriuretic peptide receptor A (1997)

Natriuretic peptides, produced in the heart, bind to the natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA) and cause vasodilation and natriuresis important in the regulation of blood pressure. We here report that mice lacking a functional Npr1 gene coding for NPRA have elevated blood pressures and hearts exhibiting marked hypertrophy with interstitial fibrosis resembling that seen in human hypertensive heart disease. Echocardiographic evaluation of the mice demonstrated a compensated state of systemic hypertension in which cardiac hypertrophy and dilatation are evident but with no reduction in ventricular performance. Nevertheless, sudden death, with morphologic evidence indicative in some animals of congestive heart failure and in others of aortic dissection, occurred in all 15 male mice lacking Npr1 before 6 months of age, and in one of 16 females in our study. Thus complete absence of NPRA causes hypertension in mice and leads to cardiac hypertrophy and, particularly in males, lethal vascular events similar to those seen in untreated human hypertensive patients.
Urinary Diversion for Ureteral Obstruction in the Presence of Recurrent Colon Carcinoma (1979)

Selection of patients who might benefit from urinary diversion when recurrent colorectal cancer obstructs both ureters is difficult. Combinations of chemotherapy and radiation therapy will prolong a useful, comfortable and dignified life in some patients. Radiation therapy seems to be more effective than chemotherapy and, therefore, patients most likely to benefit are those with localized pelvic recurrences without carcinomatosis and those who are well nourished, active and highly motivated. Herein we discuss 6 patients who were diverted and the methods of selection.
Magnetically controlled superconducting weak links (2009)

We have designed and characterized a magnetic template which can be switched between chains of parallel and antiparallel field distribution by applying an in-plane magnetic field. The parallel field profile creates highly mobile vortex channels in a superconducting film deposited on top, reproducing the behavior of a weak link as evidenced by the presence of Shapiro steps in the current-voltage characteristics under rf excitation. The Josephson coupling can be fully suppressed by changing the field distribution to the antiparallel state. As a result, a reversible ON/OFF switch for magnetically induced weak links has been demonstrated.
Dibenzo[2,3:5,6]pyrrolizino[1,7-bc]indolo[1,2,3-lm]carbazole: a new electron donor (2010)

The new heterocyclic system, dibenzo[2,3:5,6]pyrrolizino[1,7-bc]indolo[1,2,3-lm]carbazole 3, which can be considered as a planar hybrid of carbazole and p-phenylenediamine, can readily be prepared from commercial precursors and possesses high thermal stability and strong electron donor properties comparable to tetra- and pentacene.
Organoyttrium-Catalyzed Sequential Cyclization/Silylation Reactions of Nitrogen-Heteroaromatic Dienes Demonstrating “Aryl-Directed” Regioselectivity (2000)

The reaction of 1-allyl-2-vinyl-1H-pyrroles and 1-allyl-2-vinyl-1H-indoles with arylsilanes in the presence of catalytic [Cp(TMS)(2)Y(&mgr;-Me)](2) leads to highly selective cyclization/silylation events. In this process the active catalyst for the reaction, "Cp(TMS)(2)YH", undergoes initial olefin insertion at the vinyl group. Even isopropenyl substituents on the heteroaromatics react in preference to less sterically encumbered allyl groups. Furthermore, the observed regioselectivity reflects an "aryl-directed" process, whereby the more highly substituted secondary or tertiary organometallic is initially generated. This intermediate undergoes cyclization onto the remaining alkene and subsequent silylation by a sigma-bond metathesis reaction, affording the observed products.
Prevalence of stroke/cardiovascular risk factors in rural Hungary--a cross-sectional descriptive study. (2008)

The study demonstrates a possible model for primary cardiovascular disease/stroke prevention. The simple, noninvasive test uses the bioimpedance method of measurement. This method offers a standardizable, cost-effective, practical technique for mass screenings by identifying the population at high risk for cardiovascular disturbances, especially cerebrovascular disease. In this model, the rheoencephalogram can detect cerebrovascular arteriosclerosis in the susceptibility/presymptomatic phase, earlier than the Doppler ultrasound technique. The method also provides a model for storing analog physiological signals in a computer-based medical record and the first steps of turning it into an expert system also tested.
Schwannomin: new insights into this member of the band 4.1 superfamily (1995)

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by the development of central nervous system tumours. The NF2 gene was recently cloned and found to encode a protein, schwannomin (or merlin), with homology to the band 4.1 superfamily. This superfamily of proteins includes ezrin, moesin, radixin, and talin, as well as several protein tyrosine phosphatases. How does a cytoskeleton-associated protein act as a tumour suppressor? While this fundamental question remains unanswered, recent studies have begun to address key questions regarding the function of schwannomin. In this review, we examine what is known about the band 4.1 superfamily and how this information pertains to schwannomin. In addition, we summarize recent studies of schwannomin itself.
Unleashing the Canine Genome (2000)

In humans, common diseases show complex modes of inheritance and, as a result, have been largely refractory to genetic analysis. Rodent systems are more tractable genetically, but the mutations typically represent induced rather than naturally arising alleles, and results are often of limited direct relevance to human disease because of profound differences in physiology. By comparison, the physiology, disease presentation, and clinical response of dogs often mimic human diseases closely. In addition, the modern dog offers key advantages over other animal systems for mapping genes relevant to human disease. In the following discussion, we highlight some of these advantages and provide specific examples where canine genetics is best suited to solve difficult problems in human genetics. In particular, we focus on the strong promise of linkagedisequilibrium (LD) mapping in dogs.
Simulation-based verification of power aware System-on-Chip designs using UPF IEEE 1801 (2009)

For System-on-Chips (SoCs) the most critical design constraint is power dissipation. Therefore, power aware design should be introduced at early stages of SoC design where it has the highest benefits for power reduction. This also lowers the design complexity and verification effort. Until recently, capabilities to describe and verify the power design early were inadequate which often led to late re-design. Lately, the IEEE 1801 Standard for Design and Verification of Low Power Integrated Circuits, an extension of the Unified Power Format (UPF) was approved. This work uses the new IEEE 1801 standard to describe power aware design. The power design is automatically translated into an executable hierarchy parallel to the system design. Simulation results from system and power design are used to automatically verify the SoC's power aware design against its specifications.
Intravenous Iron and Infection Risk—Still an Unanswered Question (2021)

Akshay A. Shah, MSc; Killian Donovan, BM, BCh; Claire Seeley, MBBS; Edward A. Dickson, BMBS; Antony J. R. Palmer, DPhil; Carolyn Doree, PhD; Susan Brunskill, MSc; Jack Reid, MBBS; Austin G. Acheson, MD; Anita Sugavanam, MBBS; Edward Litton, PhD; Simon J. Stanworth, DPhil
Low-Avidity Self-Specific T Cells Display a Pronounced Expansion Defect That Can Be Overcome by Altered Peptide Ligands (2001)

Thymic expression of self-Ags results in the deletion of high-avidity self-specific T cells, but, at least for certain Ags, a residual population of self-specific T cells with low-affinity TCRs remains after negative selection. Such self-specific T cells are thought to play a role in the induction of T cell-mediated autoimmunity, but may also be used for the induction of antitumor immunity against self-Ags. In this study, we examine the functional competence of a polyclonal population of self-specific CD8+ T cells. We show that low-affinity interactions between TCR and peptide are associated with selective loss of critical T cell functions. Triggering of low levels of IFN-gamma production and cytolytic activity through low-affinity TCRs readily occurs provided high Ag doses are used, but IL-2 production and clonal expansion are severely reduced at all Ag doses. Remarkably, a single peptide variant can form an improved ligand for the highly diverse population of low-avidity self-specific T cells and can improve their proliferative capacity. These data provide insight into the inherent limitations of self-specific T cell responses through low-avidity TCR signals and the effect of modified peptide ligands on self-specific T cell immunity.
Visualização interativa e manipulação de imagens 3D em tempo real usando métodos baseados na GPU (2004)

Este trabalho apresenta um conjunto de ferramentas que exploram as capacidades recentes das placas gráficas de computadores pessoais para prover a visualização e a interação com volumes de dados. O objetivo é oferecer ao usuário ferramentas que permitam a remoção interativa de partes não relevantes do volume. Assim, o usuário é capaz de selecionar um volume de interesse, o que pode tanto facilitar a compreensão da sua estrutura quanto a sua relação com os volumes circundantes. A técnica de visualização direta de volumes através do mapeamento de texturas é explorada para desenvolver estas ferramentas. O controle programável dos cálculos realizados pelo hardware gráfico para gerar a aparência de cada pixel na tela é usado para resolver a visibilidade de cada ponto do volume em tempo real. As ferramentas propostas permitem a modificação da visibilidade de cada ponto dentro do hardware gráfico, estendendo o benefício da visualização acelerada por hardware. Três ferramentas de interação são propostas: uma ferramenta de recorte planar que permite a seleção de um volume de interesse convexo; uma ferramenta do tipo “borracha”, para eliminar partes não relevantes da imagem; e uma ferramenta do tipo “escavadeira”, para remover camadas do volume Estas ferramentas exploram partes distintas do fluxo de visualização por texturas, onde é possível tomar a decisão sobre a visibilidade de cada ponto do volume. Cada ferramenta vem para resolver uma deficiência da ferramenta anterior. Com o recorte planar, o usuário aproxima grosseiramente o volume de interesse; com a borracha, ele refina o volume selecionado que, finalmente, é terminado com a escavadeira. Para aplicar as ferramentas propostas ao volume visualizado, são usadas técnicas de interação conhecidas, comuns nos sistemas de visualização 2D. Isto permite minimizar os esforços do usuário no treinamento do uso das ferramentas. Finalmente, são ilustradas as aplicações potenciais das ferramentas propostas para o estudo da anatomia do fígado humano. Nestas aplicações foi possível identificar algumas necessidades do usuário na visualização interativa de conjuntos de dados médicos. A partir destas observações, são propostas também novas ferramentas de interação, baseadas em modificações nas ferramentas propostas.
Clockless Design Performance Monitoring for Nanometer Technologies (2014)

This paper introduces a breakthrough in the domain of performance process monitoring that is based on clockless asynchronous circuits. The process monitoring chip was fabricated using 32 nm and 28 nm bulk technologies and enabled relevant process parameters monitoring using an easy-to-use set-up.
ARTS: Paving The Way For Rubber Recycling Technology In South Carolina (2002)

South Carolina’s Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC) awarded a $6 million, five year grant to the Clemson University for a researchoutreach program to establish Asphalt Rubber Technology Service (ARTS) that could Iiterally pave the way toward eliminating the millions of worn-out tires that clog the state’s landfills. Each year, approximately 4,000,000 waste tires are generated in South Carolina. Around the country that number is estimated to be around 280,000,000 tires each year. Through the project, many highways and secondary roads will be paved with rubberized asphalt, In addition, the scrap tires will be utilized in embankments, retaining walls, running tracks, new tires, and golf-course cart paths. Recycling discarded tires could have significant impact on the reduction of solid waste in South Carolina and the rest of the nation. The five-year project will enable the ARTS team to work with agencies and communities statewide to identify recycling markets for waste tires and to provide education, training and technical services. Approximately $950,000 of grants will be available each year to help fund projects throughout the state. Grant money comes from the state’s Waste Tire Trust Fund. A $2 fee is paid on each new tire sold in South Carolina. Of that fee, 44 cents is placed in the Waste Tire Trust Fund. The ARTS’ funding is for the differential cost of conducting a project using crumb rubber versus using just the raw materials (i.e., no crumb rubber). This paper will discuss several issues involved with recycling tires and several projects that have been completed to date. The technical and environmental issues involved with such projects will be discussed. The benefits and disadvantages of such technology will also be addressed.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐DIIMINES AS MONODENTATE OR BRIDGING LIGANDS, SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PALLADIUM(II) AND RHODIUM(I) DI(TERT‐BUTYL)DIIMINE COMPLEXES (1977)

Abstract Das im Gegensatz zu (III) mit (II)‐Unterschuß aus (I) erhaltene Produkt (IV) hat entweder einen Chelatoder einen verbrückenden Liganden.
Sur le mode de fonctionnement des transistors à interface métal‐semiconducteur (1965)

Abstract Deux modes de fonctionnement ont été proposés pour le transistor à interface métal‐semiconducteur: injection d'électrons chauds ou fonctionnement par courbure des équipotentielles. Les mesures effectuées sur les transistors que nous avons fabriqués nous font conclure à la prédominance du dernier mécanisme. Les propriétés des diodes et la réversibilité du rǒle des deux métaux dans le fonctionnement en triode ne peuvent en effet absolument pas être expliquées par le premier modèle. Des études complémentaires susceptibles de conduire à un fonctionnement par transport d'électrons chauds sont en cours.
The case of rapid response systems: Are randomized clinical trials the right methodology to evaluate systems of care?* (2007)

Critical Care Medicine: May 2007 - Volume 35 - Issue 5 - p 1413-1414 doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000262729.63882.57
Multicommodity and generalized flow algorithms: theory and practice (1999)

We present several simple, practical, and fast algorithms for linear programs, concentrating on network flow problems. Since the late 1980s, researchers developed different combinatorial approximation algorithms for fractional packing problems, obtaining the fastest theoretical running times to solve multicommodity minimum-cost and concurrent flow problems. A direct implementation of these multicommodity flow algorithms was several orders of magnitude slower than solving these problems using a commercial linear programming solver. Through experimentation, we determined which theoretically equivalent constructs are experimentally efficient. Guided by theory, we designed and implemented practical improvements while maintaining the same worst-case complexity bounds. The resulting algorithms solve problems orders of magnitude faster than commercial linear programming solvers and problems an order of magnitude larger. We also present simple, combinatorial algorithms for generalized flow problems. These problems generalize ordinary network flow problems by specifying a flow multiplier \mu(a) for each arc a. Using multipliers permit a flow problem to model transforming one type into another, e.g., currency exchange, and modification of the amount of flow, e.g., water evaporation from canals or accrual of interest in bank accounts. First, we show the generalized shortest paths problem can be solved using existing network flow ideas, i.e., by combining the Bellman-Ford-Moore shortest path framework and Megiddo''s parametric search. Second, we combine this algorithm with fractional packing frameworks to yield the first polynomial-time combinatorial approximation algorithms for the generalized versions of the nonnegative-cost minimum-cost flow, concurrent flow, multicommodity maximum flow, and multicommodity nonnegative-cost minimum-cost flow problems. These algorithms show that generalized concurrent flow and multicommodity maximum flow have strongly polynomial approximation algorithms.
X-ray stereo microscopy for investigation of dynamics in soils (2008)

The here presented combination of stereo imaging and elemental mapping with soft X ray microscopy reveals the spatial arrangement of naturally aqueous colloidal systems, e.g. iron oxides in soil colloid clusters. Changes in the spatial arrangement can be induced by manipulating the sample in situ and thus be investigated directly and as a function of time
Identification of a BMP‐responsive element in <i>Id1</i>, the gene for inhibition of myogenesis (2002)

Signalling of BMP-2 to stimulate the expression of Id1 would be transduced by BMPR-IA and mediated by Smad1 and Smad4, both of which form a complex on the 29 bp GC-rich element.
Multiple-Index Holographic Contouring (1969)

A new multiple index technique is presented for holographically generating contours of constant depth. With this technique it is possible for the first time to use the multiple index method for obtaining high contrast contours denoting small depth changes over large surfaces. The improved multiple index technique is compared with an analogous multiple frequency system. Experimental results obtained with both of these techniques are also presented.
Bone structure in postmenopausal hyperparathyroid, osteoporotic, and normal women (1995)

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that patients with mild primary hyperparathyroidism are protected against postmenopausal (PM) loss of cancellous bone architecture. To achieve this, we compared bone structure and turnover in iliac bone biopsies from three groups: 16 women with mild primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT; 58.2 +/- 2.2 years, 11.5 +/- 1.7 years PM), 17 women with untreated primary osteoporosis (OP; 65.1 +/- 2.0 years, 17.2 +/- 2.3 years PM), and 31 healthy women (N; 59.8 +/- 1.4 years, 13.4 +/- 1.5 years PM). The bone formation rate was significantly higher in PHPT than in either OP or N, and not different between OP and N. Cancellous bone volume, total strut length, and indices of connectivity (node number, node to node strut length, and node to terminus ratio) were significantly lower in OP than in either PHPT or N but were the same or higher in PHPT than in N. Indices of disconnectivity were significantly lower in PHPT than in N, whereas they were the same or higher in OP than N. The data were also analyzed in subgroups matched by years PM with no changes in the results. These findings indicate that osteoporotic patients with normal bone turnover have low bone volume and microarchitectural deterioration, while patients with mild PHPT have normal bone volume and normal or greater trabecular connectivity despite higher bone turnover. These findings suggest that mild PHPT protects against the loss of cancellous bone structure that normally follows menopause.
Using Nazi Scientific Data (1986)

In a series of experiments done in wartime Nazi Germany, inmates of the Dachau concentration camp were exposed to cold by being immersed in ice water, or kept outside in freezing temperatures; their responses were measured, and various techniques were used in an attempt to revive them. The immediate application of these hypothermia studies was to the war effort, to try to protect or save soldiers exposed to cold water or air. An account of the procedures and results of these experiments was written by an American officer, Major Leo Alexander, on the basis of his post-war discovery of documents and interviews in Germany. These reports reveal the ghastly and abominable details of the experiments. Recent scientific work in British Columbia has caused some ethical debate when it consulted the Alexander report and used some of the Nazi experimental data. The scientists in the Hypothermia Unit of the University of Victoria, unsurprisingly but reassuringly, have no intention of repeating the Nazi atrocities, and condemn them. The current controversy concerns the morality of their using the Alexander data in their study. This out-of-the-way case has some small intrinsic interest; but its consideration leads to broader concerns.
Catalytic degradation of polyethylene and polypropylene to fuel oil (1998)

Abstract Thermal and catalytic degradation of plastic polymers, polyethylene and polypropylene to fuel oil were carried out in batch operations. The catalysts employed were acid silica‐alumina (SA‐1, SA‐2) and zeolite ZSM‐5, and non‐acidic mesoporous silica FSM (folded sheet material). The yields of product gas, liquid and residues, recovery rate of liquid products, and boiling point ranges of liquid products due to degradation were compared with those of non‐catalytic thermal degradation. Both the effect of catalytic contact mode and of catalyst type on the degradation were studied. In liquid‐phase degradation of PP over SA‐1, liquid hydrocarbon products were obtained in a yield of 69 wt.‐% with a boiling point range 36‐270°C, equivalent to the boiling point of normal paraffins C6 ‐ C15. The liquid products from catalytic degradation have a carbon‐number distribution very similar to commercial motor gasoline. In vapor‐phase contact, the yield of liquid products was much lower (54%) and the rate of liquid recovery was much slower. With FSM, the initial rate of degradation of PP and PE to liquid products was as fast as that over acid catalyst SA‐1, but the yield of liquid products was higher. The liquid products from catalytic degradation over FSM have a carbon‐number distribution similar to kerosene and diesel oil. In repeated use, SA‐1 deactivated very rapidly due to coke deposition on the catalyst, whereas FSM deactivated much more slowly. These findings suggest that mesopores surrounded by the silica sheet may act as reservoir for radical species, which accelerate the degradation of plastic melt.