gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron‐irradiated isotropic polyethylene: Structure and mechanical properties of oriented monofilaments produced by drawing (1986)

Abstract The structure and properties of oriented (draw ratio 12:1) polyethylene filaments, produced by drawing electron‐irradiated isotropic monofilament, have been studied by rubber elasticity measurements, x‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile creep behavior. The apparent molecular weight M̄ c between network junctions, has been calculated from the Flory and Mooney–Rivlin theories, as a function of dose, and extrapolation back to zero dose gives a value of about 16,000 g mol −1 , which is related to the molecular weight between entanglements in the linear polymer (M̄ n 28,000). The WAXS and SAXS patterns of the unirradiated and 6.0 Mrad samples were identical, indicating an equivalent extent of crystallite orientation and a constant long period of about 170Å. Up to a gel dose of 2.4 Mrad, the degree of crystallinity (DC) of the drawn filaments remains constant, but the melting temperature T m decreases slightly owing to network junctions at the fold surfaces. Above the gel dose, DC drops significantly and T m falls more sharply, as a result of crystallite distortion. Irradiation dramatically affects the creep behavior, decreasing the equilibrium creep rate by up to four orders of magnitude. For all samples, the constant‐flow behavior can be described by a combination of two activated processes in parallel: one associated with the amorphous network and the other with the crystalline regions. Irradiation increases the activation volume of the process occurring in the crystal and is ascribed to an increase in crystallite imperfections.
Quantum paraelectricity in the mean-field approximation (1999)

Recently discovered [W. Kleemann et al., Phys. Rev. B 58, 8985 (1998)] scaling properties of the electric susceptibility of quantum paraelectric solid solutions ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}:\mathrm{C}\mathrm{a}$ are shown to emerge from a Landau-type free-energy function involving the quantum temperature ${T}_{Q}{=T}_{s}\mathrm{coth}{(T}_{s}/T)$ of Salje et al. [Z. Phys. B 82, 399 (1991)]. It is derived from both the Salje-Wruck-Thomas model and the transverse Ising model and applies also to cases where no phase transition is encountered.
FDTD analysis and measurement of aperture antennas based on the triplate transmission-line structure (1999)

First, two aperture antennas designated as P-type and C-type antennas are analyzed using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Each antenna is made of a triplate transmission line (TTL). A square aperture is cut out of the top plate of the TTL for both antennas to allow radiation. The bottom of the TTL is a planar plate for the P-type antenna and a plate with a hollow cavity for the C-type antenna. The power flow is expressed using Poynting vectors. It is revealed that parallel-plate mode power in the TTL is lower in the C-type antenna, compared with that in the P-type antenna. Second, an array antenna composed of two C-type elements is analyzed. The Poynting vector distribution in the aperture is found to remain almost unchanged when the element spacing is varied. The input impedance of the array antenna converges at an element spacing of approximately 0.9 wavelength. The theoretical radiation patterns are in good agreement with measured data.
Symbolic Methods for VTB Model Development (2006)

Summary form only given. Symbolic computation is not just helpful, it is very nearly a prerequisite for building models of complex objects that will be used in dynamic system simulators such as the virtual test bed (VTB). The reason that symbolic computation is so necessary is that, for reasons of compuatational speed, the code of any VTB model having natural coupling ports must directly express the Jacobian of the dynamic equations. Computing the often-large number of Jacobian terms by hand is extremely tedious, time consuming, and error-prone, and entirely unnecessary with today's symbolic math tools. VTB model developers currently rely on several different tools to accomplish model development. One of the tools, included directly in the VTB distribution package, comes in both runtime and development-time versions that allow a user to directly enter the math equations that describe the system dynamics. Then those equations are either interpreted and symbolically processed on-the-fly during system simulation, or they are interpreted and processed prior to generation of C code that will later be compiled into a model. The combination of these two approaches provides an incremental path for model development: the first approach supports rapidly prototyping of a model, and the second supports final development of full-featured models that may require some additional hand-tailoring of the C code. Additional model development tools that are being developed based on commercial symbolic math packages will also be described
Artificial Skin (2000)

The skin is a complex organ that is difficult to replace when it is irreversibly damaged by burns, trauma, or disease. Although autologous skin transplantation remains the most common form of treatment in patients with significant skin loss, there are now a number of commercially available products that can be used to replace the skin temporarily or permanently. Here we describe several such products under the rubric "artificial skin," focusing on two types of technology that have been applied to the problem of permanent skin replacement.
Abstract 18990: Impact of Cavotricuspid Isthmus Dependent Right Atrial Flutter Ablation on the Incidence and Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation (2012)

Background: There is limited data evaluating the impact of cavotricuspid isthmus ablation for right Atrial Flutter (AFL) on the a) development of Atrial Fibrillation (AF) in those without AF and b) recurrence of AF in patients with previous AF. Methods: We studied all consecutive patients (with or without previous AF) undergoing cavotricuspid isthmus ablation for symptomatic drug resistant AFL in a large academic center. Results: 302 patients underwent AFL ablation between 2007 and 2011. Mean age was 65 yrs with 71% males. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 51±14%. Median duration since diagnosis of AFL was 2 months (IQ range 1-10) months. 136 (45%) patients had a history of AF (paroxysmal in 95%) and the remaining 166 (55%) patients did not have AF. Patients “with AF” were more likely to be females, have a previous stroke, had higher CHADS2 score, larger left atria and used more antiarrhythmics prior to ablation. 33 (25%) patients “with AF” had AF in the lab spontaneously, by programmed stimulation or with isoproterenol infusion when compared to 11(7%) patients “without AF”; p<0.001. After a mean follow-up time of 24 months, 95 (31%) patients were on antiarrhythmics (46% vs 19% in patients with and without AF respectively). During follow up, 75 (55%) of the patients “with AF”, had a recurrence of AF and 36 (22%) patients “without AF” group developed AF; p<0.001. The predictors of AF during follow up were female gender (p=0.03), number of antiarrhythmics used (p=0.009) and AF induction during the procedure (p<0.001). AF induction during the procedure predicted AF recurrence in patients “with AF” (p=0.020) but not in patients “without AF” (p=0.243). Conclusions: At 2 years after AFL ablation a) 22% of the patients with isolated AFL develop AF and b) 45% of the patients with previous AF did not have AF recurrence. AF induction during the procedure predicts recurrence of AF after AFL ablation.
Solvation as the determining factor for the redox potential of Fe<sub>4</sub>S<sub>4</sub>[S–(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>n</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>]<sup>6–</sup>cluster ions (1978)

The redox potentials of Fe4S4(SR)42– ions are not greatly affected by the close proximity of negative charges in the –SR ligands but become more positive when the hydrogen bonding ability of the solvent is increased, thereby suggesting the role of hydrogen bonds in determining the potentials of protein bound clusters.
Negative and positive regulation by transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein is modulated by phosphorylation. (1990)

We have shown that the transcriptional activity of the protooncogene jun (c-jun) promoter is repressed by a transcription factor, the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). This repression can be alleviated when CREB is phosphorylated by the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A. Repression cannot be alleviated by a mutant CREB deficient in the protein kinase A phosphorylation site (M1 CREB Ser-133----Ala), suggesting that phosphorylation of CREB at this site is essential for the relief of repression. Repression by CREB requires its binding to the c-jun promoter. In NIH 3T3 cells stably expressing CREB, c-jun is no longer induced by serum, but this repression can be relieved by treatment of the cells with forskolin, an agonist of the adenylate cyclase pathway. Thus, CREB has a dual function, that of a repressor in the absence of phosphorylation and an activator when phosphorylated by protein kinase A.
Modelling of segmented high-performance thermoelectric generators with effects of thermal radiation, electrical and thermal contact resistances (2016)

In this study, segmented thermoelectric generators (TEGs) have been simulated with various state-of-the-art TE materials spanning a wide temperature range, from 300 K up to 1000 K. The results reveal that by combining the current best p-type TE materials, BiSbTe, MgAgSb, K-doped PbTeS and SnSe with the strongest n-type TE materials, Cu-Doped BiTeSe, AgPbSbTe and SiGe to build segmented legs, TE modules could achieve efficiencies of up to 17.0% and 20.9% at ΔT = 500 K and ΔT = 700 K, respectively, and a high output power densities of over 2.1 Watt cm(-2) at the temperature difference of 700 K. Moreover, we demonstrate that successful segmentation requires a smooth change of compatibility factor s from one end of the TEG leg to the other, even if s values of two ends differ by more than a factor of 2. The influence of the thermal radiation, electrical and thermal contact effects have also been studied. Although considered potentially detrimental to the TEG performance, these effects, if well-regulated, do not prevent segmentation of the current best TE materials from being a prospective way to construct high performance TEGs with greatly enhanced efficiency and output power density.
Machine learning for neuroimaging with scikit-learn (2014)

Statistical machine learning methods are increasingly used for neuroimaging data analysis. Their main virtue is their ability to model high-dimensional datasets, e.g., multivariate analysis of activation images or resting-state time series. Supervised learning is typically used in decoding or encoding settings to relate brain images to behavioral or clinical observations, while unsupervised learning can uncover hidden structures in sets of images (e.g., resting state functional MRI) or find sub-populations in large cohorts. By considering different functional neuroimaging applications, we illustrate how scikit-learn, a Python machine learning library, can be used to perform some key analysis steps. Scikit-learn contains a very large set of statistical learning algorithms, both supervised and unsupervised, and its application to neuroimaging data provides a versatile tool to study the brain.
Energy Efficient Design for Body Sensor Nodes (2011)

This paper describes the hardware requirements and design constraints that derive from unique features of body sensor networks (BSNs). Based on the BSN requirements, we examine the tradeoff between custom hardware and commercial off the shelf (COTS) designs for BSNs. The broad range of BSN applications includes situations where either custom chips or COTS design is optimal. For both types of nodes, we survey key techniques to improve energy efficiency in BSNs and identify general approaches to energy efficiency in this space.
Surface markers of a purified peritoneal eosinophil population from <i>Mesocestoides corti</i>-infected BALB/c male mice. (1980)

Eosinophils of approximately 95% purity were prepared from the peritoneal cavities of BALB/c male mice infected with larval cestode, Mesocestoides corti. The alloantigenic surface marker phenotype of this cell population was shown to be H-2+Ly4+Ly5+Lyt-1-,2-,3-Ly-6-,7-Ia-Thy-1-TL-. Two of four anti-Lyt-2 sera were positive when tested on purified eosinophils by using the Staphylococcus aureus protein A sheep erythrocyte rosetting method, but absorption studies indicated that this reaction was not due to anti-Lyt-2 antibodies. Eosinophils are therefore Lyt-2-, although some Lyt-2 sera contain additional eosinophil reactive antibodies. A proportion (20 to 40%) of the population of eosinophils was positive for the Fc receptor, but all were negative for the C3 receptor and for surface immunoglobulin.
Gaschromatographische Trennung von N-Trifluoracetyl-dipeptid-methylestern III. Dipeptide mit trifunktionellen Aminosäuren (1963)

Zur weiteren Vorarbeit für die gaschromatographische Sequenzanalyse von Peptiden wurden Dipeptide untersucht, die trifunktionelle Aminosäuren enthalten. In Form der N-TFA-Dipeptid-dimethylester lassen sich α- und γ-Dipeptide der Glutaminsäure trennen. Bei tyrosin-haltigen Dipeptiden empfiehlt sich die O-Trimethylsilylierung der phenolischen Hydroxylgruppe oder deren Methylierung mit Diazomethan. Serin- oder threonin-haltige Dipeptide werden am besten vor der Gaschromatographie in die O-Trimethylsilyl-N-TFA-dipeptid-methylester mittels Hexamethyldisilazan verwandelt. Cystein- und cystin-haltige Verbindungen werden mit Raney - Nickel in Alanin-Verbindungen überführt. Hierbei gehen Methionin-Verbindungen in Derivate der α-Aminobuttersäure über. Zahlreiche Verbindungen der aufgeführten Gruppen wurden hergestellt, und ihre relativen Retentionswerte gegenüber Myristinsäure-methylester als Standard ermittelt.
Heat Transfer Characteristics of Two-Dimensional Model of Parallel Louver Fin (1989)

The interruption of a fin surface causes renewed boundary layers starting from the leading edge of each interrupted fin. This results in a boundary layer thinner in average over the entire length of the fin surfaces compared to the uninterrupted case. Therefore a higher degree of interruption is normally expected to lead to a higher degree of heat transfer. However, actually to realize this expectation, care must be taken of the geometrical allocation of each fin in an array so as to avoid other undesirable effects relating to the fin geometry. Numerical computation of flow and thermal fields has been made for two-dimensional models of two types of parallel louver fins and an offset fin. In this paper heat-transfer characteristics of parallel louver fins are discussed in comparison with those of an offset fin based upon the results obtained from the numerical computation. It is demonstrated that a certain type of parallel louver fin has a higher heat-transfer performance than that obtained with an offset fin.
Current developments and future directions in nuclear waste immobilisation (2006)

Current development work towards novel wasteforms required for the on-going decommissioning of the UK's nuclear facilities is described. A discussion of possible management options for future spent nuclear fuel arisings is given.
The dimeric form of flavocytochrome P450 BM3 is catalytically functional as a fatty acid hydroxylase (2005)

In the model P450 BM3 system, the P450 is fused to its diflavin reductase partner in a single polypeptide. BM3 dimerizes in solution, but the catalytic relevance of the phenomenon was hitherto unknown. We show that BM3 fatty acid hydroxylase specific activity decreases sharply at low enzyme concentrations, consistent with separation of active dimer into inactive monomer. Reductase-dependent specific activities are maintained or enhanced at low concentration, suggesting inter-flavin electron transfer is unaffected. Fatty acid oxidation is reconstituted by mixing inactive oxygenase (A264H) and FMN-depleted (G570D) mutants, demonstrating that inter-monomer (FMN(1)-to-heme(2)) electron transfer supports oxygenase activity in the BM3 dimer.
Metabolism of the frog outer segments: a kinetic study (1977)

1. The reaction of the high-energy phosphate esters of the frog isolated rods, with the firefly lantern extract, has been studied by recording the luminescence in a stopped-flow apparatus. The onset of the reaction was determined by the rapid mixing of the firefly lantern extract with the high-energy phosphates released from the rods fragmented during the mixing.2. The time course of the reaction, i.e. of the luminescence, was not typical of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), indicating that the major part of the rod nucleotides is not ATP.3. The isolated rods were fragmented 1 sec-2 min after a flash of light. As soon as 1 sec after illumination, a substantial decrease of the luminescent yield has been detected in a range of light bleaching from 0.007 to 20% of the rhodopsin, indicating an early reduction of the high-energy phosphate esters.4. At longer times, flashes that bleached 7 or 20% of the rhodopsin induced a progressive decrease of the luminescent yield that was half completed in 6-9 sec, and was nearly complete in 20 sec, whereas a more or less complete recovery was observed after flashes bleaching from 0.7 to 0.007% of the rhodopsin, indicating the presence of buffering mechanisms.5. Also, the time course of the reaction was modified in a complex way after stimulation of the rods, suggesting that other nucleotides beside ATP are hydrolysed.6. The light-induced reduction of the high-energy phosphates has been observed also in broken rods, in the presence of the calcium chelating agent EGTA, suggesting that calcium is not needed for this effect.7. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (10(-4)M) interfered with the photic effect.8. The rapid effect of light on the content of high-energy phosphate esters suggests a physiological role in the mechanism of excitation.
Potential issues on optical proximity correction (OPQ) using double dipole lithography (2004)

The double dipole lithography (DDL) has been demonstrated as a very viable technique to extend the imaging capability for random logic devices. (referencing M. Eurling’s 2004SPIE paper and TB Chiou’s 2003MNC paper).
Milking Responses of Cows Given Premilking Stimulation at Four Lactational Stages (1982)

Milk yield, machine-on time, peak milk flow rate, average milk flow rate, and milk composition were measured in 10 Holstein Friesian cows after receiving no premilking stimulation (i.e., teat cups attached to the udder without premilking washing or teat manipulation) and manual premilking stimulation (30 s udder and teat massage and withdrawal of a few squirts of milk followed by a 30 s delay) at approximately 100, 160, 220, and 280 days postpartum. Milk yield was not different for cows milked with premilking stimulation as compared with cows receiving no premilking stimulation at each stage of the trial. Machine-on time was consistently shorter for cows receiving premilking stimulation. Peak milk flow rate and average flow rate were also uniformly greater in cows receiving premilking stimulation. Milk fat yields were always slightly higher for cows given premilking stimulation compared with those receiving no premilking stimulation. Protein yields did not differ between treatments at any lactational state. Differences in machine-on time and certain milk flow variables are congruent between cows given premilking manual massage and no premilking stimulation during short trials at specific stages of lactation.
Life assessment of boiler pressure parts. Volume 6, Guidelines for NDE of heavy section components: Final report (1993)

The use of nondestructive techniques to assess current condition of metallic components is an integral part of the life assessment methodology developed under the RP2253-10 project and incorporated into the BLESS code. This report provides an overview of the applicable NDE methods currently available and gives detailed guidelines on their use in assessing the condition of the material in elevated temperature headers and pipes. The overview covers visual, dimensional, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, metallographic replication, radiographic, eddy current, ultrasonic, nuclear fluorescence, electromagnetic acoustic, and acoustic emission nondestructive examination methods. A discussion of typical damage mechanisms observed in heavy section components is provided covering both high and low temperature power plant headers and pipes. Detailed guidelines on the use of the various techniques are given, including guidance on flaw disposition. Detailed and specific procedural aspects are covered in extensive appendices on ultrasonic detection, surface preparation for NDE, magnetic particle examination, and liquid penetrant examination.
Formation of periodic surface structures by ultrashort laser pulses (1999)

The formation of periodic surface structures by ultrashort laser pulses was observed experimentally and explained theoretically. The experiments were performed on graphite with picosecond laser pulses. The spatial period of the structures is of the order of the wavelength of the incident radiation, and the orientation of the structures is correlated with the direction of polarization of the light. The key point of the theoretical model proposed is resonance excitation of surface electromagnetic waves, which under conditions such that the temperature of the electronic subsystem is decoupled from the temperature of the crystal lattice causes a “temperature grating” to be written on the flat solid surface of the sample while the laser pulse is being applied on account of the temperature dependence of the surface impedance. The formation of a periodic surface profile from the temperature grating occurs by the volume expansion of a melted layer near the surface of the material. For typical values of the surface tension and viscosity for metals, there is not enough time for the periodic profile to be resorbed before the liquid layer solidifies. The formation of periodic surface structures is delayed in time relative to the laser pulse.
PowerTOSSIM z (2008)

Energy continues to be the key constraint in wireless sensor networks. We review existing methods for estimating software power consumption and battery modelling, as applied to embedded systems such as Wireless Sensor Networks. We consider current developments in hardware and software technology, in particular the availability of high-fidelity simulators. Once such simulator, TOSSIM for TinyOS 1.x, models power consumption via a plugin, PowerTOSSIM. We complete the port of PowerTOSSIM to TinyOS 2.0 for the latest model of sensor node, the MICAz. Finally, we extend the simulator to model non-linear battery effects.
A comparison of PCA and ICA for object recognition under varying illumination (2003)

An experiment is performed to evaluate the ability of two different subspace methods to recognize objects under different illumination conditions. The principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) are compared for classifying 25 different objects with varying degrees of specularity under different illumination. Each object was sampled under three widely different lighting conditions to form a set of training images used to create subspaces with dimensions ranging from 10 to 30 basis vectors. The efficacy of ICA and PCA to correctly classify the objects was tested using two test images for each object under unique lighting conditions not included in the training set. The results were also determined when the images were pre-filtered with a Laplacian of Gaussian filter. Results show that ICA techniques show promise for object recognition under varying illumination conditions.