gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid CSI-RS transmission mechanism-based 3D beamforming scheme for FDD massive MIMO system (2016)

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) refers to the idea that equipping base station (BS) with a large number of antenna elements, and features the ability of three dimensional (3D) beamforming technique to enable improvement in system performance. The prior works on massive MIMO generally rely on a common assumption of the whole channel characteristics are perfectly known at both user equipment (UE) and BS, however, this is quite difficult to realize in practical frequency division duplexing (FDD) system since the channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) overhead and CSI feedback overhead are proportional to the number of antenna elements. In this paper, two hybrid CSI-RS transmission mechanism-based 3D beamforming schemes are proposed in FDD massive MIMO system, in which non-beamformed CSI-RS configuration is utilized in conjunction with beamformed CSI-RS configuration. In the proposed schemes, an angle quantization-based vertical codebook and a DFT-based horizontal codebook are designed, respectively, and an eigenvalue decomposition-based precoding matrix indicator (PMI) selection algorithm is also proposed for CSI acquisition. Simulation results show that the proposed 3D beamforming schemes achieve significant improvement in system capacity without incurring excessive CSI-RS overhead.
Fracture energy applicable to dry snow slab avalanche release (2007)

Dry slab avalanches release by a sequence of propagating fractures: first by shear fracture (mode II and mode III) in a weak layer at the base of the slab and second by tensile fracture through the crown after which release of the slab is imminent. The fracture energy is the energy which must be provided to produce a unit area of fracture surface. It is a key parameter in determining how and when fractures will propagate and important slab characteristics such as length and width that are necessary in order to estimate slab mass and volume in relation to destructive potential. In this paper, approximate estimates of fracture energy are calculated from field measurements of slab properties, laboratory measurements and in‐situ strength tests in alpine snow. Estimates of fracture energy are given for both tensile fracture (mode I) through the crown as well as for shear fracture (mode II) in fragile weak layers of slab avalanches. The results, when compared with other values from ice, rock and engineering materials, suggest that snow has the lowest values.
Forming parallel fringes of variable spatial frequency (1985)

We wanted to produce an array of parallel fringes of variable spatial frequency for use in signal processing experiments. Such fringes can be formed by interfering two coherent waves from orthogonally articulated galvanometer-mounted mirrors. However, because surface flatness on galvo-mounted mirrors is rarely better than one-quarter wave, it is virtually impossible to obtain, by direct interference of the waves, fringes that are straight. Holography provides a means for straightening such fringes. In holographic terms, we allowed the wave from one galvo-mirror to interfere with a holographic reconstruction of the same wave but with a slight relative tilt of the two waves. So long as aberrations are not excessive, the two aberrated but essentially identical waves interfere to produce straight fringes. Analysis and experimental results are presented.
Convolutional neural network for vehicle detection in low resolution traffic videos (2016)

Recent works on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in object detection and identification show its superior performance over other systems. It is being used on several machine vision tasks such as in face detection, OCR and traffic monitoring. These systems, however, use high resolution images which contain significant pattern information as compared to the typical cameras, such as for traffic monitoring, which are low resolution, thus, suffer low SNR. This work investigates the performance of CNN in detection and classification of vehicles using low quality traffic cameras. Results show an average accuracy equal to 94.72% is achieved by the system. An average of 51.28 ms execution time for a 2GHz CPU and 22.59 ms execution time for NVIDIA Fermi GPU are achieved making the system applicable to be implemented in real-time using 4-input traffic video with 6 fps.
The Bioactive Potential of Red Raspberry ( <i>Rubus idaeus</i> L.) Leaves in Exhibiting Cytotoxic and Cytoprotective Activity on Human Laryngeal Carcinoma and Colon Adenocarcinoma (2011)

In this article, the bioactive potential of red raspberry leaves, a by-product of this widely spread plant, mostly valued for its antioxidant-rich fruits, was determined. The polyphenolic profile and antioxidative properties of red raspberry leaf extract were determined and examined for potential biological activity. Cytotoxic effect, antioxidative/prooxidative effect, and effect on total glutathione concentration were determined in human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) and colon adenocarcinoma (SW 480) cell lines. SW 480 cells are more susceptible to raspberry leaf extract in comparison with HEp2 cells. The antioxidative nature of raspberry leaf extract was detected in HEp2 cells treated with hydrogen peroxide, as opposed to SW 480 cells, where raspberry leaf extract induced reactive oxygen species formation. Raspberry leaf extract increased total glutathione level in HEp2 cells. This effect was reinforced after 24 hours of recovery, indicating that induction was caused by products formed during cellular metabolism of compounds present in the extract. Comparison of the results obtained on these two cell lines indicates that cellular response to raspberry extract will depend on the type of the cells that are exposed to it. The results obtained confirmed the biological activity of red raspberry leaf polyphenols and showed that this traditional plant can supplement the daily intake of valuable natural antioxidants, which exhibit beneficial health effects.
TURBOAUFLADUNG DER DIESELMOTOREN MIT INTENSIVER RÜCKKÜHLUNG (1991)

The study examines how the parameters of charged engine could be improved with reachable higher cooling grade of regenerative intercooler. 
With the investigation of real engine process, the peak pressure, the maximal temperature of cycle, the average heat load, the specific fuel consumption can be calculated at given main indicated pressure versus the cooling grade and the excess air factor, So it can be laid down as a fact that increasing the cooling grade is one of the important possibilities to improve the engine parameters. 
The presented scheme studies the possible layout.
Structural analysis of the interaction of the tRNA modifying enzymes Tgt and QueA with a substrate tRNA (1995)

The enzymes tRNA guanine-transglycosylase (Tgt) and S-adenosylmethionine :tRNA ribosyltransferase-isomerase (QueA) participate in the biosynthesis of the hypermodified tRNA nucleoside queuosine (Q) in Escherichia coli. Here we show by HPLC analysis and gel retardation that both enzymes interact with an in vitro transcribed tRNA(ASP) from yeast, specifically modified with a Q precursor molecule. RNase I footprinting experiments showed strong protein tRNA contacts in the anticodon stem-loop and a minor interaction with the dihydrouridine loop. This suggests that all identity elements for the recognition of Q-specific tRNAs are clustered in the anticodon region and explains earlier results that both enzymes accept a RNA microhelix with the sequence of an anticodon stem-loop as substrate.
Radial Artery Compliance in Young, Obese, Normotensive Subjects (1995)

Obesity is characterized by a number of cardiovascular alterations, and whether these alterations involve arterial compliance is unknown. In 12 young, obese, normotensive subjects (age, 23.9 +/- 1.3 years; mean +/- SEM) and 12 age- and sex-matched lean control subjects we measured blood pressure, radial artery diameter, and radial artery compliance continuously over the systodiastolic pressure range with a Finapres device and recently developed echo-tracking device. Measurements were obtained at baseline and after prolonged ischemia, that is, when diameter and compliance are increased. Blood pressure values were normal in both groups (obese subjects: 109.2 +/- 4.9/68.2 +/- 2.7 mm Hg; lean control subjects: 108.2 +/- 4.1/60.7 +/- 3.8 mm Hg), but in addition to a marked increase in body mass index (38.5 +/- 0.8 versus 23.1 +/- 0.9 kg/m2, P < .01), obese subjects showed a slight and nonsignificant increase in heart rate (71.1 +/- 3.2 versus 66.7 +/- 3.3 beats per minute, P = NS), increases in left ventricular wall thickness and left ventricular mass index (121.5 +/- 4.8 versus 103.4 +/- 3.3 kg/m2, P < .01), no changes in plasma renin activity and plasma norepinephrine (compared with normal values), and a marked reduction in total body glucose uptake (glucose clamp technique). Obese subjects showed radial artery diameter and compliance values that were greater than those seen in control subjects throughout the systodiastolic pressure range. The differences were 13% (P < .05) and 96% (P < .01), respectively, and both diameter and compliance remained higher in obese than lean subjects after forearm ischemia. In obese and lean subjects baseline radial artery diameter values correlated highly with body weight, body surface area, and body mass index.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Persistence of Temporality (2014)

Few academic careers have proceeded quite so meteorically as Martin Hgglund's. Radical Atheism at once synthesized and swept aside decades of scholarship and revealed not just a "new" Derrida, but one who, uncannily, had been there all along. And it wasn't just the claim itself that was compelling-that Derrida's so-called "ethical turn" was, as it were, always already adumbrated and radicalized from the outset-but the careful and lucid argumentation in which the claim was couched. And to crown it all, it was that hoariest of philosophical concepts, Time, that proved central to Hgglund's revision-not the Sign, not the Other, but Time: Time as autoimmune, as radical non-coincidence, as the trace of a fi nitude "that makes the fullness of being unthinkable as such" (Hgglund 2009, 30). The autoimmunity of Time disqualifi es the Levinasian binary of totality and infi nity upon which the conception of the wholly other depends. Ethics now has to occur at eye-level, without the asymmetry, the "dimension of height" (Levinas 1996, 18) that makes things like the gift, hospitality, democracy, and justice possible as absolutes. Rather, Hgglund contends, for Derrida "every decision is haunted by the undecidable coming of time" (Hgglund 2009, 41), meaning ethical categories are conditioned not on a metaphysical structure of infi nitude, but on ineluctable contingencies, moment-to-moment negotiations, contaminations, and mis-carriages. In fact, ethical categories have no coherence except against the backdrop of temporal fi nitude. The effect of this argument was seemingly to moot a long-standing debate between Derrideans of the ethico-theological camp (Bernasconi, Critchley, Caputo, et al) and, well, everyone else; what Hgglund demonstrated was the untenability of the (a)temporal structure that could support the notion of an infi nite other, and further he demonstrated how both sides of the debate were complicit in maintaining such a structure. -Which isn't to say that Radical Atheism has been universally accepted as the fi nal word on Derrida. But it has had the salutary effect of galvanizing reactions across a broad spectrum of ideological positions: it has activated thought. In other words, its own blindspots have proven as intriguing as those it exposed. If it does, in John
Synthesis of Monodispersed Fine Hafnium Diboride Powders Using Carbo/Borothermal Reduction of Hafnium Dioxide (2008)

Fine hafnium diboride (HfB 2 ) powders have been prepared by modified carbothermal/borothermal reduction of hafnium dioxide (HfO 2 ) at relatively low temperatures (1500°–1600°C) for 1–2 h. The XRD patterns could be indexed as hexagonal HfB 2 and no evidence of HfC, HfO 2 , or other impurities was observed. Glow discharge mass spectrometer analysis indicates that the synthesized HfB 2 powders had high purity. The synthesized HfB 2 powders had small average crystallite size (around 1 μm) and low oxygen content (<0.30 wt%). Scanning electron microscopy observation of the as‐prepared powders demonstrated quasi‐column morphology and laser particle size analysis showed monodispersity (polydispersity 0.005).
High-efficiency class-A power amplifiers with a dual-bias-control scheme (1999)

A new scheme for power amplifiers is proposed, which can provide both high efficiency and linearity. The proposed amplifier operates in a virtual class-A mode under dual-bias control to maximize the power-added efficiency along with its inherent class-A linearity. The dynamic dual-bias control involves controlling both bias current and voltage of the amplifier with a varying envelope of input RF signals. The efficiency of the proposed amplifier is theoretically evaluated and compared with that of other conventional amplifier schemes. Based on theoretical analyses, several promising schemes for dual analog and digital bias control are proposed and discussed.
전자상거래를 활용한 한국 식품의 중국 수출 활성화 방안 연구 (2016)

연구목적: 본고의 목적은 최근 급성장하고 있는 중국 온라인 식품시장의 실태를 파악하고, 전자상거래를 활용한 한국 식품의 중국 수출 활성화 방안을 모색해 보는 데 있다. 이를 위해 중국의 전자상거래 현황 및 관련 정책의 변화 과정을 간략히 살펴본 뒤, 중국의 온라인 식품시장 실태를 파악하는 데 초점을 맞췄다.
논문구성/논리: 본고의 구성은 다음과 같다....
2-5A-antisense chimeras: inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus infection. (1999)

A new approach to the chemical control of respiratory syncytial virus infection is reviewed in the context of the biology of the virus and previous treatment approaches. Conjugation of the interferon action mediator, 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A), to antisense agents provides a strategy for the selective ablation of RNA. This application of this technology to respiratory syncytial virus has provided a potent selective inhibitor of virus replication.
Structural, Kinetic, and Mutational Studies of the Zinc Ion Environment in Tetrameric Cytidine Deaminase<sup>,</sup> (2004)

The zinc-containing cytidine deaminase (CDA, EC 3.5.4.5) is a pyrimidine salvage enzyme catalyzing the hydrolytic deamination of cytidine and 2'-deoxycytidine forming uridine and 2'-deoxyuridine, respectively. Homodimeric CDA (D-CDA) and homotetrameric CDA (T-CDA) both contain one zinc ion per subunit coordinated to the catalytic water molecule. The zinc ligands in D-CDA are one histidine and two cysteine residues, whereas in T-CDA zinc is coordinated to three cysteines. Two of the zinc coordinating cysteines in T-CDA form hydrogen bonds to the conserved residue Arg56, and this residue together with the dipole moments from two alpha-helices partially neutralizes the additional negative charge in the active site, leading to a catalytic activity similar to D-CDA. Arg56 has been substituted by a glutamine (R56Q), the corresponding residue in D-CDA, an alanine (R56A), and an aspartate (R56D). Moreover, one of the zinc-liganding cysteines has been substituted by histidine to mimic D-CDA, alone (C53H) and in combination with R56Q (C53H/R56Q). R56A, R56Q, and C53H/R56Q contain the same amount of zinc as the wild-type enzyme. The zinc-binding capacity of R56D is reduced. Only R56A, R56Q, and C53H/R56Q yielded measurable CDA activity, R56A and R56Q with similar K(m) but decreased V(max) values compared to wild-type enzyme. Because of dissociation into its inactive subunits, it was impossible to determine the kinetic parameters for C53H/R56Q. R56A and C53H/R56Q display increased apparent pK(a) values compared to the wild-type enzyme and R56Q. On the basis of the structures of R56A, R56Q, and C53H/R56Q an explanation is provided of kinetic results and the apparent instability of C53H/R56Q.
AlGaN solar-blind avalanche photodiodes with high multiplication gain (2010)

We report the fabrication and characterization of the solar-blind AlGaN avalanche photodiodes grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on c-plane sapphire substrate. The fabricated devices with 100 μm diameter active area exhibit a peak responsivity of 79.8 mA/W at 270 nm and zero bias, corresponding to an external quantum efficiency of 37%. Multiplication gains as high as more than 2500 were obtained in these devices.
Use of Isozyme Variation to Identify Genotypic Classes of <i>Agaricus Brunnescens</i> (1982)

Thirty-four commercial and 162 research-maintained lines of Agaricus brunnescens deposited in The Pennsylvania State University Mushroom Culture Collection were examined electrophoretically for isozyme variation. Based on the variability at five structural gene loci (Gpt, Adh, Mpi, Pep-LLL-1, and Pep-LLL-2) they were partitioned into 27 genotypic classes. The allelic variability observed in mycelial extracts of these lines potentially allows the recognition of over 20,000 unique genotypic classes. The fact that only five genotypic classes were actually observed among commercial lines examined is evidence that the common mushroom is a near monoculture. Data from single spore-derived cultures of A. brunnescens revealed that most of these cultures retained heterozygosity at those loci heterozygous in the parental line. A limited number of recombinants were noted, i.e., heterozygous for some loci and homozygous for others. A small fraction (<5%) were homozygous at multiple loci suggesting that they may be homokaryotic. These observations support the contention that low levels of meiotic recombination occur and the chromosomal segregation is nonrandom in A. brunnescens.
Equality in Exchange: A Rehabilitation of The Classical Concept (2022)

The author makes an effort to rehabilitate the classical concept of the equality in exchange which lies in the foundations of the theory of just price and the scholastic criticism of usury. The author supplies a proof that the non-equivalent contract of “exchange” is 1) a contradiction in terms because it represents a combination of a basic contract and a super-contract which contradict each other; and 2) an act of commutative injustice because the contractor negates implicitly within the super-contract what he declares explicitly in the basic contract. The following objections are being settled dialectically: objection of an isolated exchange, objection of voluntariness, objection of Paretovian efficiency, objection of rating, objection of greater evil. The author presents a proof that the just price in an isolated exchange is equal to the reservation price of the seller. The author contends that requiring a transfer from anyone becomes commutative injustice if this requirement is accompanied by 1) external direct pressure or 2) external indirect pressure or 3) deception. The external indirect pressure is defined by the author as a situation when a subject makes a transfer a condition for his consent to a basic contract within the super-contract. The contractor consents to the non-equality in “exchange” only if he wants to give a gift anyway. Since the injustice originates in the agent and benevolence of the sufferer does not cancel the injustice, the non-equivalent contract of “exchange” is an act of commutative injustice even if the sufferer wants to give a gift out of his benevolence. The author claims that the state can adopt four different positions in the question of non-equivalent contracts of “exchange”: 1) to prosecute the perpetrator, 2) to declare the unenforceability, 3) to tolerate the private enforcement, 4) to enforce. Since the enforcement and toleration go against the purpose of the state, the author puts forward the following legal solution: the state declares the non-equivalent contracts of “exchange” unenforceable, nevertheless, it does not automatically prosecute the subjects which commit injustice for making such contracts but, on the other hand, it protects the subjects which suffer injustice if they ask for it.
Uniform inlet conditions for the NPS subsonic cascade wind tunnel (1981)

Measurements of the flow field between the turning vanes and inlet plane for the test blades in the NPS Subsonic Cascade Wind Tunnel to January 1981 are reviewed. Typical velocities in this section are of the order of 100 to 200 ft/sec and the distance is less than two feet. It is concluded that some modification is necessary to achieve one percent uniformity for the mean velocity at the test cascade inlet plane and several approaches are suggested. From a study of simple analyses for turbulent wakes and the effects of wire gauze screens, it is predicted that the desired uniformity may be obtained by installing a single screen of high resistance coefficient; the necessary pressure drop and turning of the flow would be substantial. Placing the turning vanes at closer pitch might be adequate, but further measurements and numerical analysis would probably be necessary for design purposes.
Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes: A Novel Solid Substrate for Microfluidic Immunoassays for HIV (2008)

The combination of electrospun nanofibrous membranes and microfluidic channels dramatically improves the sensitivities of HIV immunoassays in microfluidic channels. Simplicity and effectiveness of the new system can potentially pave the way for inexpensive, portable and highly sensitive diagnostic devices.
Rapid glutamate decarboxylase assay for detection of Escherichia coli (1993)

A rapid test procedure for the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase was developed for detection of Escherichia coli. The assay procedure was able to confirm the presence of E. coli in enteric broth cultures with 95% specificity for both pure cultures and environmental samples. The procedure was capable of detecting survivors among chlorine-exposed cells.
Problems of Heavy Oil Transportation in Pipelines And Reduction of High Viscosity (2015)

Drag has long been identified as the main reason for the loss of energy in fluid transmission like pipelines and other similar transportation channels. The main contributor to this drag is the viscosity as well as friction against the pipe walls, which will results in more pumping power consumption. The aim in this study was first to understand the role of additives in the viscosity reduction and secondly to evaluate the drag reduction efficiency when blending with different solvents. This research investigated flow increase (%FI) in heavy oil at different flow rates (2 to 10 m3/hr) in two pipes (0.0381 m & 0.0508 m) ID By using different additives (toluene and naphtha) with different concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10) wt. % at 35ᵒ C. The results of this study showed the following:  Increasing values of Dr% and FI% for all drag reducing agents with heavy oil. Increasing values of Dr% with increasing of Reynolds number, fluid velocity and additive concentration. With the larger pipe diameter, performances of drag reduction occur is much better than smaller pipe diameter. The additives (toluene and naphtha) reduce the high viscosity of used heavy oil.  Naphtha is more efficient as viscosity reducer than toluene. Finally, all these results help the understanding of the flow properties of heavy oils and aim to contribute to the improvement of their transport.