gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manipulability-Based Configuration Evaluation of Cooperative Payload Transport by Mobile Robot Collectives (2004)

Interest in cooperative systems typically arises when certain tasks are either too complex to be performed by a single agent or when there are distinct benefits that accrue by cooperation of many simple agents. A quantitative examination of performance enhancement, due to the implementation of cooperation, is critical. In this paper, we focus on the development of a quantitative performance-analysis framework for a cooperative system with multiple wheeled mobile manipulators physically transporting a common payload. Each mobile manipulator module consists of a differentially-driven wheeled mobile robot with a mounted planar three-degree-of-freedom (d.o.f.) manipulator. A composite cooperative system is formed when a payload is placed at the end-effectors of multiple such modules. Such a system possesses the ability to change its relative configuration as well as accommodate relative positioning errors of the mobile bases. However, the combination of nonholonomic constraints due to the mobile bases, holonomic constraints due to the closed kinematic loops formed and the varying actuation of the joints within the cooperative system requires careful treatment for realizing the payload transport task. In this paper, we will analyze the cooperative composite system within a constrained mechanical system framework, by extending methods developed for treatment of articulated-closed-chain systems. Specifically, we will focus on the velocity-level kinematic modeling, while taking into account the nonholonomic/holonomic constraints and different joint-actuation schemes within the system. We then examine the applicability of a manipulability measure (isotropy index), to quantitatively analyze the system-level performance of the cooperative system, with these different joint-actuation schemes, with representative case-studies.
Improving image analysis in 2DGE-based redox proteomics by labeling protein carbonyl with fluorescent hydroxylamine. (2007)

Recent advances in redox proteomics have provided significant insight into the role of oxidative modifications in cellular signalling and metabolism. At present, these techniques rely heavily on Western blots to visualize the oxidative modification and corresponding two dimensional (2D) gels for detection of total protein levels, resulting in the duplication of efforts. A major limitation associated with this methodology includes problematic matching up of gels and blots due to the differences in processing and/or image acquisition. In this study, we present a new method which allows detection of protein oxidation and total protein on the same gel to improve matching in image analysis. Furthermore, the digested protein spots are compatible with standard MALDI mass spectrometry protein identification. The methodology highlighted here may be useful in facilitating the development of biomarkers, assessing potential therapeutic targets and elucidating new mechanisms of redox signalling in redox-related conditions.
Simulation of Chloride Migration in Compression-Induced Damage in Concrete (2012)

The ingress of chloride ions in a harsh chloride environment leads to the corrosion of reinforcing steel bars and reduction in the service life of concrete structures. Prediction of the service life of chloride-exposed concrete structures is strongly dependent on chloride diffusion coefficient, which in turn is influenced by several factors including materials and environmental parameters, binding of chloride ions to the solid phase of concrete, and the stresses caused by external load acting on the structure. The diffusion of chloride in concrete is increased significantly by damage associated with load-induced stress, which, if not taken into account, can lead to erroneous prediction of the service life. This paper investigates the impact of compressive stress-induced damage on chloride transport in concrete. An experimental investigation involving non-steady-state migration test as per NT BUILD 492 was carried out on unloaded concrete specimens damaged under axial compressive load. Numerical simulation of the rapid chloride-migration test using multiphysics finite element software is presented in which a phenomenological damage model and a chloride-binding isotherm coupled with Nernst-Planck equation is used to evaluate chloride migration in the damaged concrete specimens.
Medeola virginiana L. (2005)

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/16745/thumbnail.jpg
Deviant Ryanodine Receptor-Mediated Calcium Release Resets Synaptic Homeostasis in Presymptomatic 3xTg-AD Mice (2009)

Presenilin mutations result in exaggerated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium release in cellular and animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we examined whether dysregulated ER calcium release in young 3xTg-AD neurons alters synaptic transmission and plasticity mechanisms before the onset of histopathology and cognitive deficits. Using electrophysiological recordings and two-photon calcium imaging in young (6-8 weeks old) 3xTg-AD and non-transgenic (NonTg) hippocampal slices, we show a marked increase in ryanodine receptor (RyR)-evoked calcium release within synapse-dense regions of CA1 pyramidal neurons. In addition, we uncovered a deviant contribution of presynaptic and postsynaptic ryanodine receptor-sensitive calcium stores to synaptic transmission and plasticity in 3xTg-AD mice that is not present in NonTg mice. As a possible underlying mechanism, the RyR2 isoform was found to be selectively increased more than fivefold in the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice relative to the NonTg controls. These novel findings demonstrate that 3xTg-AD CA1 neurons at presymptomatic ages operate under an aberrant, yet seemingly functional, calcium signaling and synaptic transmission system long before AD histopathology onset. These early signaling alterations may underlie the later synaptic breakdown and cognitive deficits characteristic of later stage AD.
Apicomplexa (2001)

Abstract The phylum Apicomplexa includes several thousand parasitic protists that cause major diseases of mankind and of domestic and companion animals. Among the diseases that they cause are malaria, coccidiosis, toxoplasmosis, sarcocystosis, cyclosporosis, cryptosporidiosis and piroplasmosis.
Mechanisms of neonatal transplantation tolerance. (1987)

Although our analysis is very incomplete, our data indicate that a complete explanation of tolerance induced neonatally to H-2 encoded alloantigens will include elements of clonal deletion and active suppression. Background genes not encoded in H-2 play an important role in determining the extent to which clonal reduction occurs. In mice of B10 background genotype, extensive elimination of clones capable of recognizing class I and class II antigens is accomplished. Tolerance to class I alloantigens alone seems to be maintained almost exclusively by this mechanism. In B10 background mice tolerant of class II antigens alone or in consort with class I alloantigens, peripherally maintained (post-thymic) active suppression exists, that is dependent upon donor I-J expression, and is superimposed on clonal reduction. As a consequence, the activities of class II alloantigen-specific cells appear to be reduced to background, a level insufficient to activate specific effector precursors, even in the presence of relevant alloantigens. Donor alloantigens expressed on chimeric cells that exist among central (bone marrow, thymus) and peripheral (spleen, lymph nodes) lymphoid cells are undoubtedly crucial both to the process of ongoing clonal elimination as well as of active suppression. The role of clonal reduction in the maintenance of class II alone tolerance in mice of A/J background is more obscure. If the class II alloreactive cells that provide helper/inducer activity are identical to the cells that provide effector function (cytotoxic T cells, TDTH cells), then clonal reduction seems not to occur. Instead, class II tolerogen reactive cells remain within the peripheral lymphoid tissues of the tolerant mice, but appear to be incapable of differentiating beyond the initial steps of antigen-driven activation. We know little about the process by which such cells could be placed under these differentiation strictures, nor why they are retained within the tolerant animal's lymphoid mass. However, the absence of detectable chimerism in alloclass II tolerant animals of A/J background may offer an important clue to solving this mystery.
Collagen implants and cortico‐spinal axonal growth after mid‐thoracic spinal cord lesion in the adult rat (1995)

We describe an experimental model to study regeneration of lesioned corticospinal tract (CST) fibers in the adult rat spinal cord. After transection of all CST fibers at mid-thoracic level the gap is grafted with a sterile, cell-free collagen matrix. Two methods of collagen-application are used: 1) injection of a fluid collagen solution into the lesioned area which self-assembles in situ and 2) implantation of a solid collagen gel. At 4 weeks post-implantation CST axons are anterogradely labelled with horseradish-peroxidase (HRP). The collagen implant is evaluated for ingrowth of CST axons. The histopathological reaction (gliotic response) around the lesion and within the matrix is also studied. After application of a fluid collagen solution into the lesion area HRP-labelled CST axons can be visualized within the implant. In addition, astroglial and reactive microglial cells invade the collagen-matrix. On the other hand, if collagen is implanted as an already self-assembled gel, no ingrowth of labelled CST axons nor of astroglial/reactive microglial cells is observed. Both methods of collagen-application result in a considerable reduction of the gliotic response as compared to the ungrafted animals. We conclude that the method of application of collagen (i.e., fluid or gel) considerably affects the response of lesioned CST axons. The application of a fluid collagen graft which in situ self-assembles is beneficial for the regrowth of lesioned CST axons in rat spinal cord. In this respect the formation of an astroglial scaffolding structure within the (fluid) collagen, probably due to optimal integration between host and graft, is very important. The inability of injured CST fibers to enter the solid collagen graft may be related to the absence of an astroglial scaffolding structure within the implant.
α-SUBSTITUIERTE PHOSPHONATE 65.<sup>1</sup>SYNTHESE DER METHANTRISPHOSPHONSÄURE (1993)

Abstract Durch Reaktion des Methanbisphosphonsäuretetraethylesters 9 mit NaH/Phosphorigsäurediethylesterchlorid und anschließender Oxidation mit Luftsauerstoff ist der Methantrisphosphonsäurehexaethylester 10 in mäßiger Ausbeute, aber in reiner Form zugänglich. Die gleiche Verbindung entsteht aus Bis-(diethylphosphono)diazomethan 11 mit Diethylphosphit in Gegenwart von Cu-Acetylacetonat. 10 kann mittels BTMS/H2O in die Trisphosphonsäure 13 überführt werden, die sich als stabile Verbindung erwies. By reaction of methanebisphosphonate 9 with NaH/diethyl chlorophosphite and in situ oxidation with atmospheric oxygen the methanetrisphosphonic acid hexaethylester 10 in moderate yields, but in pure form is available. The same product is formed from tetraethyl diazomethane diphosphonate 11 and diethylphosphite in presence of Cu-acetylacetonate. 10 can be transformed using the BTMS/H2O-method to the trisphosphonic acid 13, which is a stable compound. Key Words: Methane trisphosphonic acid hexaethylestermethane trisphosphonic acid
Prediction of the hourly ionospheric parameter ƒ<sub>0</sub><i>F</i><sub>2</sub> using a novel nonlinear interpolation technique to cope with missing data points (2001)

A technique for neural network time series prediction using radial basis functions, where the input data contain a significant proportion of missing points, is developed. This technique is intended to model the data while simultaneously providing a means of minimizing the impact upon the model of the missing points that are typical of geophysical time series. The two issues are inextricably entwined because missing data points have a significant impact upon the performance of data‐derived models in terms of prediction availability and accuracy. The core of the technique is a nonlinear interpolation scheme that assigns values to gaps in the input time series. Each missing point is interpolated such that the error introduced into any specific predictive function is minimized. This interpolative technique has a general application in any instance where the effects of interpolation upon a given analysis process need to be minimized or a complete time series needs to be constructed from incomplete data. The technique has been applied to the prediction of ƒ 0 F 2 from Slough, United Kingdom. The resultant model prediction root‐mean‐square (RMS) error is shown to be 2.3% better than using recurrence interpolation (in terms of overall model accuracy rather than relative to each other), 3.8% better than using persistence interpolation, and 34.3% better than not using any interpolation. Utilizing the interpolation algorithm lowers the RMS error by 26% when incomplete data, in addition to complete data, are used as an input to both the interpolated and the uninterpolated models.
The Effects On Electrode Damage Of Delaying The Onset High Pressure Spark Gaps (1991)

We are conducting experiments using a small saturable inductor to delay, after the initial closure of the gap, the onset of the large current through a high pressure (> latm) gas insulated spark gap. These experiments have shown a decrease in initial turn-on losses as a result of this delay. We are looking for a possible reduction in electrode erosion as a result of the reduced energy losses. Electrode erosion limits the peak current and charge transfer capacity of a gas switch as well as the interval (number of pulses) between reworking or replacing its electrodes. Gas recovery time limits repetition rates. Even at relatively low repetition rates the cooling requirements of a switch for high peak power continuous operation applications is not trivial and the limited shot life make intervals between maintenance short. The lifetime of a high current gas insulated spark gap may be substantially increased by minimizing the energy dissipated in the switch and by controlling the way this energy is dissipated. Losses in short (<lμs) conduction time switches occur mostly early in the pulse when the current is rapidly rising and the switch is in the "resistive" phase. This is because the diameter of the current channel in the gas is initially small, resulting in a large channel resistance and a substantial voltage drop. Because the current is rapidly rising, this can result in large peak power dissipated in the switch. This energy is initially confined to the small channel diameter, depositing very large power density in the switch electrode surfaces. It is during this turn-on phase that the bulk of the electrode erosion probably occurs.
Modeling and analysis of conflicts between alerting systems (2001)

The potential for conflicting information to be transmitted by different alerting systems is growing as these systems become more pervasive in operations. Newly-introduced alerting systems must be carefully designed to minimize the potential for and impact of alerting conflicts (or dissonance), but there is little formal understanding to aid this process. One example of alert proliferation is the recently-proposed Airborne Conflict Management (ACM) system which must operate in conjunction with the existing Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS). Alerts from ACM should be harmonized with alerts from TCAS and vice-versa. A model of alert dissonance is developed to provide a foundation for understanding dissonance and as a tool to identify and resolve dissonance between systems such as TCAS and ACM. Several different types of alerting dissonance are identified using a statespace representation. As a case study, dissonant operating regions for TCAS and ACM are articulated, and it is shown that TCAS advisories cannot be avoided without aggressive maneuvering following ACM alerts in some geometries. This type of analysis should be continued with higher fidelity to further refine ACM specifications.
A neutrophil-derived cytochrome P450-dependent metabolite of arachidonic acid modulates neutrophil behavior. (1987)

Recently, the metabolism of arachidonic acid to two unidentified products (Peak 1 and Peak 2) by a cytochrome P-450 dependent mixed function oxidase has been described in canine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). This study assessed the biologic activity of one of these metabolites, Peak 2, on PMN function. Peak 2 was formed biologically following addition of exogenous arachidonic acid to canine PMNs pretreated with BW755c to inhibit lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase enzymes, and purified by high performance liquid chromatography following separation by column chromatography. Peak 2 (20-200 ng/ml) inhibited calcium ionophore A23187-induced aggregation and the second phase of LTB4-induced aggregation. Additionally, Peak 2 inhibited A23187-induced PMN adhesion to columns of Sephadex G-25. BW755c (94 microM), which increased the formation of Peaks 1 and 2 by almost 300%, also inhibited A23187-induced PMN adhesion. In contrast, Peak 2 did not inhibit the release of superoxide anions or immunoreactive LTB4, after stimulation of the PMNs with A23187. Thus, Peak 2 may modulate some activities of canine PMNs. Because the biologic activity of Peak 2 is opposite to that of LTB4, which promotes PMN aggregation and adhesion, and because LTB4 may be metabolized by a cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed function oxidase to less active metabolites, this enzyme system may play a central role in the control of PMN function.
Multimedia Streaming Service Adaptation in IMS Networks (2010)

Capabilities of end devices Capabilities of networks Resource sharing with other applications and competing multimedia streams Legislation Physical distance Number of interconnecting devices Quality of a multimedia streaming service Resource availability Distance between the source & the sink of a multimedia stream Type of a multimedia streaming service Capabilities of end devices Capabilities of networks Resource sharing with other applications and competing multimedia streams Legislation Physical distance Number of interconnecting devices
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐, 6‐, 7‐ and 18‐Mono‐<sup>13</sup>C‐labelled Retinals. (1986)

Abstract Four retinals (XII) labelled at different positions with "Care synthesized.
Characterization and Thermophysical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester-Layered Silicate Nanocomposites (2006)

The thermophysical properties of unsaturated polyester (UPE) nanocomposites reinforced by organo-montmorillonite clay nanoplatelets are reported. The organo-clay nanoplatelets were sonicated in acetone for 2 hours to be dispersed in the UPE matrix. Vacuum extraction removed not only the acetone but also the styrene present in the UPE solution. The same mechanical and thermophysical properties of UPE were regained after adding the lost amount of styrene to the UPE solution. Both delaminated and intercalated clay morphologies were observed by transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the sonication process was effective to delaminate clay nanoplatelets for more homogeneous dispersion, dependent on organic chemical modifications for clay nanoplatelets. A higher storage modulus enhancement was obtained when the organo-clay nanoplatelets were delaminated and more homogeneously dispersed. The reinforcing effect of both delaminated and intercalated clay nanoplatelets was theoretically evaluated with the Halpin-Tsai equations. It was evaluated that the aspect ratio of delaminated clay nanoplatelets was approximately 150. The increase of the storage modulus below and above the glass transition temperature was achieved without reducing glass transition temperature and Izod impact strength with increasing clay content.
Phase II Explorative Study of Intermittent Imatinib (IM) Treatment (INTERIM) in Elderly Patients with Ph+ Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Who Achieved a Stable Complete Cytogenetic Response (CCgR) with Standard IM Therapy (2008)

Abstract Standard therapy with Imatinib (i.e. daily administration) significantly prolongs the survival of Ph+ CML patients who obtain a complete cytogenetic response (CCgR). Elderly patients (i.e. &gt; 65 yrs) have similar cytogenetic responses and survival, but they usually show a low compliance. This prospective multicenter trial addresses the issue of intermittent administration of Imatinib (INTERIM) in Ph+ CML patients older than 65 years with stable complete cytogenetic response (CCgR) after at least 2 years of standard therapy with IM. Lower doses of IM could be sufficient to maintain the CCgR, to improve the tolerance and to reduce the costs of therapy. For this purpose, IM will be given at the same dose that was given at the time of enrollment by the following intermittent schedule: 1 week on/1 week off for the 1st month (weeks 1–4); 2 weeks on/2 weeks off for the 2nd and 3rd month (weeks 5–12); 1 month on/1 month off from the 4th month thereafter (weeks 13 on). The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the proportion of patients who remain in CCgR with INTERIM. The cytogenetic response (CgR) status will be evaluated at baseline (by conventional cytogenetics on bone marrow and FISH on peripheral-blood) and every 3 months during the study (only by FISH on peripheral-blood). If FISH documents a variation of the baseline value of more than 1% in two consecutive examinations, evaluation of marrow cells metaphases will be performed to confirm the loss of CCgR and to check for additional cytogenetic abnormalities (ACA). In case of loss of CCgR INTERIM will be stopped and standard therapy (daily administration) will be resumed. Quantitative molecular assessment of BCR-ABL transcript by RQ-PCR on peripheral blood is due at baseline and every 3 months during the study and mutational analysis of ABL will be performed in case of loss of CCgR. After 12 months, the patients who are in continuous CCgR are advised to continue the intermittent study schedule and to be followed indefinitely. The study started in May 2008 and, at present, 18 patients have been enrolled. Preliminary data on the first six months will be presented.
The use of “biogel-P” in the gel filtration of polysaccharides (1965)

D. M. W. Anderson, I. C. M. Dea, S. Rahman and J. F. Stoddart, Chem. Commun. (London), 1965, 145 DOI: 10.1039/C19650000145