gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE BOILING MECHANISM OF LIQUID SODIUM IN AN ANNULAR CHANNEL (1993)

On the basis of experimental study and theoritical analysis,this paper deals with the boiling mechanism of liquid sodium and its boiling curves' charateristics in an annular channel with verti- cally upward flaw at negative pressure.Many data and curves of liquid sodium boiling were ob- tained in different operating conditions.The authors made in-depth discussions on boiling mecha- nism of liquid sodium and its boilng curves' characteristics.The experimental results are of practi- cal engineering significance for the design of Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor(LMBR). Experimental parameters are as follow: Heat Flux:12.77 W/cm~2-78.73 W/cm~2 Flow Rate:0.047 m/s-0.674 m/s Saturation Pressure:850 Pa-9870 Pa Inlet Subcooling:63.12℃-270.97℃
Chasing Japan in the HDTV race (1989)

The status of high-definition television (HDTV) in Japan, Europe, and the US is examined. Japan has begun experimental broadcasts, and Europe plans experimental HDTV broadcasts in 1991, while the US is mired in disputes over just how important HDTV might be to its deteriorating consumer electronics industry. Delays in selecting a terrestrial broadcasting transmission standard for the US suggest 1993 as the earliest possible date for the start of HDTV broadcasting in the United States and 1995 as a more probable date. Problems and approaches in the US, Japan, and Europe are compared, focusing on government support and standardization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Research on Conventional Performance of Modified Bio-Asphalt (2015)

To study the regular properties of modified bio-asphalt, analytical and measuring methods, including softening point, penetration, and ductility tests, were employed to analyze the improvement of properties in different mixing proportions of bio-asphalt and modified asphalt. Results indicated that after mixing bio-asphalt with modified asphalt, the penetration of bio-asphalt declined constantly with an increment proportional to the modified asphalt. The excellent performance at high temperature of the two kinds of bio-asphalts was affected by the mixing of modified asphalt. According to the analysis of temperature stability, the ductility of bio-asphalt significantly improved after mixing with modified asphalt, although the softening point declined. The stiffness and brittleness of bio-asphalt at low temperature improved as well, particularly in SBS and SBR modified asphalts. Results improved as the proportion of modified asphalt increased.
UNIDIRECTIONAL INCOMPATIBILITY BETWEEN POPULATIONS OF <i>DROSOPHILA SIMULANS</i> (1986)

Drosophila simulans females from a strain collected at Watsonville, CA produce very few offspring when mated with males from a strain collected at Riverside 510 km away. This incompatibility does not exist in the reciprocal cross. In the incompatible cross, mating and oviposition are normal, but eggs fail to hatch. A survey of other California populations indicates that unidirectional incompatibility is widespread. The incompatibility is maternally inherited over one generation. Using older Riverside males or rearing the strains at 28°C suppresses incompatibility. Culturing the strains on medium with tetracycline restores compatibility, suggesting the involvement of a microorganism.
The form of X-ray photoelectron tracks in a capillary gas proportional counter (2002)

We have successfully detected images of tracks of photoelectrons from the 22 keV and 30 keV X rays of /sup 109/Cd and /sup 241/Am, utilizing an optical imaging gas detector with a CCD camera. Most of the 30 keV photoelectrons have track lengths greater than 1 mm in xenon gas. The images of the tracks contain clusters of pixels, and the brightest of these clusters, for each track, were investigated in detail. It was found that the geometric center of these clusters differed from the point of maximum energy loss.
Contribution of de novo fatty acid synthesis to very low density lipoprotein triacylglycerols: evidence from mass isotopomer distribution analysis of fatty acids synthesized from [2H6]ethanol (1996)

A detailed comparison of the structures of plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and liver triacylglycerols (TG) (Yang et al. 1995. J. Lipid Res. 36: 125-136) has demonstrated that a minimum of 60% of the secreted TG could have been derived from partial lipolysis and reesterification of stored TG and a maximum of 40% could have been derived from direct secretion of newly made TG. To investigate the processes involved in the transfer of TG to VLDL in vivo, we have determined the distribution of deuterium among the molecular species of the liver-TG and VLDL-TG during the infusion of perdeuterated ethanol along with fructose or glucose and during the provision of either glucose or fructose in the drinking water for 2 weeks. The deuterium labeling (percent excess and percent replacement) of the total fatty acids was determined by GC/MS of the methyl esters while the labeling of the glycerol and the glycerol plus fatty acids of the enantiomeric diacylglycerol moieties of TG was determined by LC/MS with on-line mass spectrometry. Supplementation of the diet for 2 weeks with either glucose and fructose stimulated the synthesis of TG containing new fatty acids and glycerol. The proportion of the newly made to preexisting TG differed in VLDL from that in the liver. The 2H % replacement in glycerol and in total fatty acids was greater in VLDL-TG than in the liver-TG. On the basis of the mass isotopomer distribution analysis it was estimated that a maximum of 30% of the VLDL-TG could have been derived directly from TG that was made de novo and did not equilibrate with the liver-TG stores. The transfer of the stored TG to VLDL was best accounted for by a degradation to 2-monoacylglycerols and resynthesis via the 2-monoacylglycerol pathway with addition of an excess of newly synthesized fatty acids to the resynthesized TG.
Effect of gravity model inaccuracy on navigation performance (1975)

Instead of the usual treatment of gravity model errors in terms of uncertainties with assumed statistical characteristics, the navigation errors for a selected flight path were derived from simulations of the navigation process with an accurate reference gravity model and with an ellipsoid model. The deterministic error due to use of the ellipsoid gravity model in the navigation computations was obtained for the selected flight path by differencing the navigation state obtained with the two gravity models. The reference gravity model is composed of the C0f0 and C2,0 spherical harmonic coefficients and a large number of subterranean point masses. The point mass values were determined by least-squares fitting to mean gravity disturbances derived from surface mean gravity anomalies and associated geoid heights. Uncertainties in these data were used to establish the uncertainty in the evaluation of the deterministic navigation error for the selected flight path.
A morpho-graphemic approach for the recognition of spontaneous speech in agglutinative languages - like Hungarian (2007)

A coupled acoustic- and language-modeling approach is presented for the recognition of spontaneous speech primarily in agglutinative languages. The effectiveness of the approach in large vocabulary spontaneous speech recognition is demonstrated on the Hungarian MALACH corpus. The derivation of morphs from word forms is based on a statistical morphological segmentation tool while the mapping of morphs into graphemes is obtained trivially by splitting each morph into individual letters. Using morphs instead of words in language modeling gives significant WER reductions in case of both phoneme- and grapheme-based acoustic modeling. The improvements are larger after speaker adaptation of the acoustic models. In conclusion, morphophonemic and the proposed morpho-graphemic ASR approaches yield the same best WERs, which are significantly lower than the word-based baselines but essentially without language dependent rules or pronunciation dictionaries in the latter case. Index Terms: spontaneous speech recognition, morphology.
MicroRNA-125a Inhibits Autophagy Activation and Antimicrobial Responses during Mycobacterial Infection (2015)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding nucleotides that play critical roles in the regulation of diverse biological functions, including the response of host immune cells. Autophagy plays a key role in activating the antimicrobial host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although the pathways associated with autophagy must be tightly regulated at a posttranscriptional level, the contribution of miRNAs and whether they specifically influence the activation of macrophage autophagy during M. tuberculosis infection are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that M. tuberculosis infection of macrophages leads to increased expression of miRNA-125a-3p (miR-125a), which targets UV radiation resistance-associated gene (UVRAG), to inhibit autophagy activation and antimicrobial responses to M. tuberculosis. Forced expression of miR-125a significantly blocked M. tuberculosis-induced activation of autophagy and phagosomal maturation in macrophages, and inhibitors of miR-125a counteracted these effects. Both TLR2 and MyD88 were required for biogenesis of miR-125a during M. tuberculosis infection. Notably, activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase significantly inhibited the expression of miR-125a in M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages. Moreover, either overexpression of miR-125a or silencing of UVRAG significantly attenuated the antimicrobial effects of macrophages against M. tuberculosis. Taken together, these data indicate that miR-125a regulates the innate host defense by inhibiting the activation of autophagy and antimicrobial effects against M. tuberculosis through targeting UVRAG.
Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysregulation and behavioral analysis of mouse mutants with altered glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid receptor function (2008)

Corticosteroid receptors are critical for the maintenance of homeostasis after both psychological and physiological stress. To understand the different roles and interactions of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) during stress, it is necessary to dissect the role of corticosteroid signaling at both the system and sub-system level. A variety of GR transgenic mouse lines have recently been used to characterize the role of GR in the CNS as a whole and particularly in the forebrain. We will describe both the behavioral and cellular/molecular implications of disrupting GR function in these animal models and describe the implications of this data for our understanding of normal endocrine function and stress adaptation. MRs in tight epithelia have a long established role in sodium homeostasis. Recently however, evidence has suggested that MRs in the limbic brain also play an important role in psychological stress. Just as with GR, targeted mutations in MR induce a variety of behavioral changes associated with stress adaptation. In this review, we will discuss the implications of this work on MR. Finally, we will discuss the possible interaction between MR and GR and how future work using double mutants (through conventional means or virus based gene alteration) will be needed to more fully understand how signaling through these two steroid receptors provides the adaptive mechanisms to deal with a variety of stressors.
A Compensation Method for Variations in Subthreshold Slope and Threshold Voltage of Thin-Film Transistors for AMOLED Displays (2019)

In this paper, we propose a compensation method for variations in the subthreshold slope (SS) and threshold voltage (Vth) of the low-temperature polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (LTPS TFTs) in an attempt to improve the image quality of the active matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays for mobile applications. The proposed compensation method provides a uniform voltage to the OLED according to the gray level without being affected by variations in the SS and Vth of the LTPS TFTs. To verify the performance of the proposed compensation method, a test pattern, including two pixel circuits designed for 5.7-inch quadruple high-definition AMOLED display was fabricated and measured. The measurement results showed that the proposed compensation method achieved an emission current error of the pixel circuit of only ±3.1 LSB at the 255 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> gray level. Therefore, the proposed compensation method is very suitable for AMOLED displays requiring high image quality.
A flexible repetitive CSD code filter processor unit in CMOS (2002)

We introduce a filter processor unit that realizes digital nonrecursive (FIR) and recursive (IIR) filtering with optimal selectable coefficient, data wordlength and filter order. This flexibility is achieved by combination of four identical filter modules. The design is carried out in a 1.0 /spl mu/ CMOS process; additionally a multiplier-free second order /spl Sigma//spl Delta/-modulator is implemented. It occupies a chip area of 87 mm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Authigenic Vivianite in Potomac River Sediments: Control by Ferric Oxy-Hydroxides (1983)

ABSTRACT Sand-size particles of vivianite (Fe3(PO4)2 · 8H2O) have been identified by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy in surficial sediments of the tidal Potomac River near a major sewage treatment plant. Vivianitc particles are concentrated in a surface layer of coarse-sand dredge spoil, which overlies much finer sediment similar to that found in adjacent areas. Although saturation indices indicate that the pore waters of virtually all the sediments in the study area are supersaturated with respect to vivianite, it is found only in association with dredge spoil. Pore-water profiles of Fe, P, and Eh, as well as the size and morphology of individual grains, indicate that the vivianite is authigenic and was not introduced with he dredge spoil. It is suggested that the major control on the occurrence of the mineral is the presence or absence of amorphous ferric oxy-hydroxides. which apparently react with pore-water phosphorus to form stable ferric hydroxy-phosphates preferentially to the formation of vivianite.
<scp>Public Sector Rationing and Private Sector Selection</scp> (2012)

Abstract We study the interaction between nonprice public rationing and prices in the private market. Under a limited budget, the public supplier uses a rationing policy. A private firm may supply the good to those consumers who are rationed by the public system. Consumers have different amounts of wealth, and costs of providing the good to them vary. We consider two regimes. First, the public supplier observes consumers’ wealth information; second, the public supplier observes both wealth and cost information. The public supplier chooses a rationing policy, and, simultaneously, the private firm, observing only cost but not wealth information, chooses a pricing policy. In the first regime, there is a continuum of equilibria. The Pareto dominant equilibrium is a means‐test equilibrium: poor consumers are supplied while rich consumers are rationed. Prices in the private market increase with the budget. In the second regime, there is a unique equilibrium. This exhibits a cost‐effectiveness rationing rule; consumers are supplied if and only if their cost–benefit ratios are low. Prices in the private market do not change with the budget. Equilibrium consumer utility is higher in the cost‐effectiveness equilibrium than the means‐test equilibrium.
[The effect of mechanical vibration on the spinal column]. (1990)

Drivers of trucks, earth-moving equipment, fork-lift trucks, agricultural tractors and military vehicles are often exposed to a high amount of vibration. The stress-strain model is helpful for demonstrating the effects as the biodynamic behavior of the seated workers is important. Epidemiological research draws our attention to the danger involved for the lumbar spine from mechanical vibration. Prevention measures are given.
In Vitro Fermentabilities of Purified Fiber Supplements (1989)

ABSTRACT Six commonly used dietary fiber supplements (pectin, tragacanth gum, psyllium gum, guar gum, soy fiber and cellulose) were fermented in vitro with human fecal microbiota for 4, 8,12, and 24 hr. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA), hydrogen and methane productions, and neutral‐detergent fiber digestibility differed significantly with fiber source. The most rapid fermentation rate was with pectin followed by psyllium gum, tragacanth gum, guar gum, soy fiber, and finally cellulose. Such differences in fermentability should be considered when food products are formulated. Dietary fiber source and intake may also affect breath hydrogen measurements and estimates of available carbohydrate malabsorption.
A Vaccinia Virus Deletion Mutant Reveals the Presence of Additional Inhibitors of NF-κB (2010)

The classical nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway is an important regulator of inflammation and innate immunity that is activated by a wide variety of stimuli, including virus infection, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Poxviruses, including vaccinia virus (VV) and ectromelia virus, encode multiple proteins that function in immune evasion. Recently, a growing number of genes encoded by poxviruses have been shown to target and disrupt the NF-κB signaling pathway. To determine if additional gene products that interfere with NF-κB signaling existed, we used a vaccinia virus deletion mutant, VV811, which is missing 55 open reading frames lacking all known inhibitors of TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. Immunofluorescence analysis of HeLa cells treated with TNF-α and IL-1β revealed that NF-κB translocation to the nucleus was inhibited in VV811-infected cells. This was further confirmed through Western blotting of cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts for NF-κB. Additionally, VV811 infection inhibited TNF-α-induced IκBα degradation. In contrast to vaccinia virus strain Copenhagen (VVCop)-infected cells, VV811 infection resulted in the dramatic accumulation of phosphorylated IκBα. Correspondingly, coimmunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that the NF-κB-inhibitory IκBα-p65-p50 complex was intact in VV811-infected cells. Significantly, cells treated with 1-β-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine, an inhibitor of poxvirus late gene expression, demonstrated that an additional vaccinia virus late gene was involved in the stabilization of IκBα. Overall, this work indicates that unidentified inhibitors of NF-κB exist in vaccinia virus. The complex inhibition of NF-κB by vaccinia virus illustrates the importance of NF-κB activation in the antiviral response.
Harte und weiche Kunststoffe mit Diodenlaser verbinden (1998)

S.210-212 : Ill., Lit.
Energy Harvesting from Rail Track for Transportation Safety and Monitoring (2014)

An efficient electromagnetic energy harvester featured with mechanical motion rectifier (MMR) was designed to recover energy from the vibration-like railroad track deflections induced by passing trains. Compared to typical existing vibration energy harvester technologies can only harvest sub-watts or milliwatts power applications, the proposed harvester is designed to power major track-side accessories and possibly make railroad independent from national grid. Trackside electrical infrastructures for safety and monitoring typically require a power supply of 10-100 Watts, such as warning signals, switches, and health monitoring systems. To achieve such a goal the authors implement the MMR, a patented motion conversion mechanism which transforms pulse-like bidirectional linear vibration into unidirectional rotational motion at a high efficiency. The single-shaft MMR design further improved the previously developed motion mechanism, increased energy harvester efficiency and expanded power harvesting potential. Major advantages of implementing MMR include bidirectional to unidirectional motion conversion and flywheel speed regulation. The proposed new design improved reliability, efficiency, and provided steadier power output. Bench test of the harvester prototype illustrate the advantages of the MMR based harvester, including up to 71% mechanical efficiency and 50W power output.
A Graphical Tool Set for Analyzing Wave Field Synthesis Algorithms (2008)

Current Wave Field Synthesis (WFS) rendering realizations consist of large structures of audio signal processing components (filters, delays, amplitude weighting) that are controlled by complex algorithms based on the virtual source's properties. It is proposed a set of tools that is used to analyze the underlying WFS coefficient calculation algorithms visually by mapping characteristic measures dependent on the source's and listener's position. These measures are derived from the reproduction system's idealized transfer function and parametric impulse response description. They reveal functional aspects of the algorithm's behavior. The measures aim at supporting an intuitive understanding of the perception of virtual sound events in a Wave Field Synthesis system, but also they facilitate the basic algorithm development process.
Programmed pulsewidth modulated waveforms for electromagnetic interference mitigation in DC-DC converters (1993)

The regular switching action of a pulse-width-modulated (PWM) circuit generates conducted and radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) and may also generate acoustical disturbances. Programmed pulsewidth modulation techniques have been applied using various methods to control harmonics inherent in switched power circuits. A method for generating an optimal programmed switching waveform for a DC-DC converter is presented. This switching waveform is optimized to reduce the amplitude of harmonic peaks in the EMI generated by the converter. Experimental results, a brief discussion of sensitivity, and a practical implementation of a circuit to generate the PWM waveform are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Measurement of Apparent Thermal Conductivity of Multilayer Insulations at Low-Compressive Loads (1972)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
HIGH TEMPERATURE SOLAR ABSORBER COATINGS. PART II. (1964)

Abstract : The objective of this project was to develop solar absorber coatings stable up to 1000 C in a vacuum of 10 to the minus 6th power torr with solar absorptance of 0.9 and emittance of 0.1 at 1000 C. Significant progress toward achieving these goals was made during the past year. A coating system consisting of multiple layers of Al2O3 and molybdenum on a molybdenum substrate exhibited a solar absorptance of 0.91 with an emittance of 0.16 at 1000 F. It is expected that the solar absorptance of this system will be equally good at higher temperatures but the emittance will increase. Computer programs for a theoretical analysis of interference film systems have been prepared for both normal and oblique incidence of light on multilayer metal and dielectric film systems. Theoretical reflectance data for thin film systems computed for normal incident light were in good qualitative agreement with experiments. (Author)