gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiation damage to crystalline ribonuclease: identification of polypeptide chain breakage in the denatured and aggregated products. (1967)

Gamma-irradiated crystalline ribonuclease has been chromatographically separated into three distinct components classified as denatured, aggregated, and native, on the basis of the physical alterations which have occurred in the conformation of these molecules. Chromatography on G-75 Sephadex failed to reveal the presence of any low-molecular-weight products in the irradiated enzyme. However, after reduction of the disulfide bridges in mercaptoethanol and chromatography on G-75 Sephadex, low-molecular-weight products indicative of polypeptide chain breakage were detected from both the denatured and the aggregated products. The presence of fragments of the reduced protein was confirmed by velocity sedimentation measurements. Fragments were not observed from the native component, which was known to contain partially damaged molecules. These results indicated that polypeptide chain breakage occurred on exposure of RNase to ionizing radiation but that it was masked by the presence of disulfide bonds. Eviden...
Formylation of the Dimethoxygenzenes Using Phosphorus Oxychloride and N-Methylformanilide (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormylation of the Dimethoxygenzenes Using Phosphorus Oxychloride and N-MethylformanilideArmiger H. Sommers, R. J. Michaels Jr., and Arthur W. WestonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 21, 5546Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01141a533RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views208Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (166 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Anti-diabetic Activity Present in the Fruit Body of Grifola frondosa (Maitake). I. (1994)

The fruit body of Grifola frondosa (maitake), Basidiomycetes was confirmed to contain substances with anti-diabetic activity. When 1 g/d of powdered fruit body of maitake was given orally to a genetically diabetic mouse (KK-Ay), blood glucose reduction was observed, in contrast to the control group in which the blood glucose increased with ageing. Moreover, levels of insulin and triglyceride in plasma demonstrated a change similar to blood glucose with feeding of maitake. Ether-ethanol-soluble (ES) and hot water-soluble (WS) fractions were prepared from the fruit body and their hypoglycemic activity was examined. Blood glucose-lowering activity was found when ES-fraction or WS-50% ethanol float (X) fraction was administered orally, but other WS-fractions were inactive. These results suggest that the anti-diabetic activity was present not only in the ES-fraction consisting of lipid but also in the X-fraction of peptidoglycan (sugar:protein = 65:35).
Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Effects on Adrenocorticotropin and β-Endorphin in the Adrenalectomized Rat (1982)

Immunoreactive ACTH (ir-ACTH) and immunoreactive beta-endorphin (ir-betaEP) were determined in plasma, anterior pituitary, neuro-intermediate lobe, and hypothalamus of sham-adrenalectomized rats, and adrenalectomized rats given six daily injections of vehicle (oil), dexamethasone, 9alpha-fluorocortisol or deoxycorticosterone. 6 d after adrenalectomy, anterior pituitary ir-ACTH and ir-betaEP were double, and plasma levels approximately fivefold those in controls. Adrenalectomy did not alter hypothalamic levels of either peptide, or ir-betaEP in neuro-intermediate lobe, in which tissue ir-ACTH was below detection limit at routine dilutions. Dexamethasone (0.2-200 mug/d) concurrently suppressed plasma ir-ACTH and ir-betaEP, with a near maximal effect at 20 mug, and a half-maximal effect between 2 and 6 mug; similar dose-response characteristics were found for thymolysis. Step-wise increases in anterior pituitary content of both peptides were found, with no change in hypothalamic levels of either peptide, or neuro-intermediate lobe ir-betaEP. 9alpha-fluorocortisol (0.2-200 mug/d) produced plasma, anterior pituitary, and hypothalamic effects equivalent to dexamethasone, but with one-tenth the potency. Unlike dexamethasone, higher doses of 9alpha-fluorocortisol significantly elevated neuro-intermediate lobe ir-betaEP. Deoxycorticosterone (2-2,000 mug/d) produced no significant changes in plasma, anterior pituitary or hypothalamic levels of either peptide; like 9alpha-fluorocortisol, doses of >60 mug/d significantly elevated neuro-intermediate lobe ir-betaEP. Whereas ir-ACTH and ir-betaEP synthesis in and release from the anterior pituitary are under complex negative feedback glucocorticoid control, there exists a mineralocorticoid-specific effect on neuro-intermediate lobe content of ir-betaEP.
Comparative In Vivo Analysis of Recombinant Type II Feline Coronaviruses with Truncated and Completed ORF3 Region (2014)

Our previous in vitro comparative study on a feline coronavirus (FCoV) pair, differing only in the intactness of their ORF3abc regions, showed that the truncated ORF3abc plays an important role in the efficient macrophage/monocyte tropism of type II feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). In the present study, we describe a challenge experiment with the same recombinant FCoVs in order to gain data on the in vivo characteristics on these viruses. While parent virus FIPV DF-2 developed feline infectious peritonitis in all the infected cats, its recombinant virus PBFIPV-DF-2, differing only in seven nucleotides, proved to be surprisingly low virulent, although caused an acute febrile episode similarly to the original FIPV DF-2. PBFIPV-DF-2 infection induced significantly lower virus neutralization titers than its parent virus, and lacked the second phase of viremia and development of fatal course of the disease. The recombinant PBFIPV-DF-2-R3i with completed ORF3abc gained biological properties that differentiate between the feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and FIPV biotypes such as intensive replication in the gut, absence of viremia and weak or no serological response. Using reverse genetic approaches our study is the first experimental proof that ORF3abc is indeed responsible for the restriction of FECV replication to the intestine in vivo.
El ámbito de la Constitución (2001)

esde hace algunos aos vengo insistiendo en que es necesario volver a reivindicar con fuerza el papel de las leyes en la composicin del sistema jurdico, tanto por razones de naturaleza prudencial como por razones de naturaleza moral. He sugerido incluso que hay que proceder a una suerte de reinvencin de la ley como fuente del derecho para hacer frente a todos los graves fenmenos que se vienen denunciando bajo la frmula genrica de crisis de la ley. Sera estpido minimizar o ignorar todos esos problemas de degradacin de la legislacin que se sealan desde hace ya tiempo, pero tengo la conviccin de que hay que hacerles frente con la vista puesta en el perfeccionamiento del contenido, el alcance y los procedimientos de elaboracin de la ley misma, mucho ms que recurriendo a otros mecanismos del sistema institucional, como el fomento del activismo judicial, o acudiendo a otros ingredientes del ordenamiento, como la invocacin de la Constitucin en todo litigio imaginable o de los principios del derecho y esa su presunta naturaleza pregnante de todo el orden jurdico.
The joint use of coincident loop transient electromagnetic and Schlumberger sound to resolve layered structures (1985)

Abstract One-dimensional earth models consisting of uniform horizontal layers are useful both as actual representations of earth structures and as host models for more complex structures. However, there are often inherent difficulties in establishing layer thicknesses and resistivities from one type of measurement alone. For example, the dc resistivity method is sensitive to both conductive and resistive layers, but as these layers become thin, nonuniqueness becomes a severe problem. Electromagnetic (EM) methods are good for establishing the parameters of conductive layers, but they are quite insensitive to resistive layers.The use of both coincident loop transient EM (TEM) and Schlumberger methods, together with a joint inverse computer program, can vastly improve interpretation of layered-earth parameters. The final model is less dependent upon starting guesses, error bounds are much improved, and nonuniqueness is much less of a problem. These advantages are illustrated by interpretation of real field data as well as by a theoretical study of four different types of earth models.
An extension of the AVC file format for Video Surveillance (2009)

This paper introduces and discusses a recent standardization project by the MPEG group that aims at providing an interoperable file format tailored to the needs of the surveillance industry. The new standard is called Video Surveillance Application Format and extends the H.264 - AVC file format specification. Based on a review of the application requirements, the rationale is provided for the technical design choices, and an example system implementation is described in detail. This provides interoperability at the data format and metadata levels. An example reference implementation instantiates and tests the design. The resultant is the specification of a file format suitable for large-scale camera network deployment.
Capture and release of traveling intrinsic localized mode in coupled cantilever array (2009)

A method to manipulate intrinsic localized mode (ILM) is numerically discussed in a nonlinear coupled oscillator array, which is obtained by modeling a microcantilever array. Prior to the manipulation, coexistence and dynamical stability of standing ILMs are first investigated. The stability of coexisting ILMs is determined by a nonlinear coupling coefficient of the array. In addition, the global phase structure, which dominates traveling ILMs, is also changed with the stability. It makes possible to manipulate a traveling ILM by adjusting the nonlinear coupling coefficient. The capture and release manipulation of the traveling ILM is shown numerically.
Visual state recognition for a target-reaching task (2002)

We present a learning algorithm that realizes a simple goal-reaching task for an autonomous vehicle when only visual information about the goal is provided. The robot has to reach a door from every position of the environment. The state of the system is based on visual information received by a TV camera placed on the mobile robot. The vision algorithm is able to determine the relative position between the vehicle and the door according to the slopes of the contour lines of the door. A learning phase is carried out in simulation to obtain the optimal state-action rules. The learned knowledge is then transferred on the real robot for the testing phase. Experimental results show the generality of the knowledge learned as the real robot is always able to execute its paths towards the door in different environments.
A Late Holocene desiccation of Lake Hoare and Lake Fryxell, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (1998)

Stable isotope data from waters of lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica are presented in order to establish the climatic history of this region over the past two millennia. New data from Lake Fryxell and Lake Hoare in Toylor Valley, along with previously published data from Lake Vanda, Wright Valley and Lake Bonney, Taylor Valley are used to infer the recent climatic history of MDV. Lakes Vanda, Fryxell and Bonney appear to have lost their ice covers and evaporated to small, hypersaline ponds by 1000 to ~1200 yr BP. Lake Hoare either desiccated or did not exist prior to 1200 yr BP. These data indicate a major lowering of lake level prior to ~1000 yr BP, followed by a warmer and/or more humid climate since then.
Road-to-rig-to-desktop: Virtual development using real-time engine modelling and powertrain co-simulation (2018)

By front-loading of the conventional vehicle testing to engine test bench or even further forward to offline simulations, it is possible to assess a large variation of powertrain design parameters and testing manoeuvres in the early development stages. This entails a substantial cost reduction compared to physical vehicle testing and hence an optimisation of the modern powertrain development process. This approach is often referred to as road-to-rig-to-desktop. To demonstrate the potential of this road-to-rig-to-desktop methodology as a seamless development process, a crank angle–resolved real-time engine model for a turbocharged gasoline engine was built with the simulation tool GT-POWER ® . The model was validated with measurement data from an engine test bench and integrated into a vehicle co-simulation, which also includes a dual clutch transmission, the chassis, the environment and the automated driver. The most relevant functions of the engine and the transmission control systems were implemented in a Simulink-based software control unit. To verify the engine model in the transient vehicle simulation, two 900-s time windows from a 2-h real driving emission test, representing urban and motorway conditions, are simulated using the developed co-simulation platform. The simulation results are compared with the respective vehicle measurement data. The fuel consumption deviation caused by the combustion engine model is within 5%. The transient system behaviour and the dominant engine operation points could be predicted with a satisfying accuracy.
New synthesis of substituted 6-methylbenzo[b]furo-, -thieno-, and -seleno[2,3-c]quinolines, and heterocyclic analogues (2002)

furo, -thieno-, and -seleno[2,3-c]quinolines were synthesised either by thermal electrocyclisation of the 2-ethanonoximes of 3-phenyl-and 3-hetaryl-substituted benzo[b]furans, -thiophenes, and selenophene, or by treatment of the corresponding O-2,4dinitrophenyl oximes with sodium hydride.
Long-Term Hearing Outcomes Following Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Vestibular Schwannoma Patients—A Retrospective Cohort Study (2018)

Hearing declines over time in VS treated with SRS in a high proportion of cases. The frequency and magnitude of long-term hearing decline following SRS argues against prophylactic radiation for small tumors in hearing ears with undetermined growth behavior.
Off-Line Computer Applications to High Resolution uv-Visible Spectroscopy (1976)

A method for using a computer in conjunction with photon counting is described. The computer system (University of Michigan Amdahl 470V/6) is not dedicated but the programming gives a fast, efficient, versatile, and accurate calibration of high resolution visible-uv spectra. In addition, the system greatly enhances and facilitates the production of plots of the spectrum, integration of spectral intensities, and signal averaging of weak spectra.
Microstructure of epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films on (001)-tilt Y-ZrO2 bicrystals. Vol. 2B. (1994)

The microstructures of the grain boundaries in epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films grown on [001]-tilt yttria-stabilized ZrO2 bicrystal substrates were characterized by TEM and at. force microscopy. The exact boundary plane geometries of the bicrystal substrates were not transferred to the films which instead had wiggling grain boundaries. [on SciFinder(R)]
Induction of the heat‐shock response by antiviral prostaglandins in human cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (1998)

Cyclopentenone prostaglandins inhibit the replication of several DNA and RNA viruses, including retroviruses. The antiviral activity has been associated with the induction of a 70-kDa heat-shock protein (HSP70), via activation of the heat-shock transcription factor (HSF) in infected cells. In the present study we investigated the effect of prostaglandin A1 (PGA1) on the regulation of HSP70 gene expression as well as on viral RNA and protein synthesis in CEM-SS cells during acute infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We report that HIV-1 infection does not alter HSF activation by PGA1, whereas it causes an increase in intracellular HSP70 mRNA levels, as a result of enhanced HSP70 mRNA stability. We also show that, as reported in studies of different virus/host cell models, PGA1 inhibits HIV-1 replication by acting at multiple levels during HIV-1 infection. In addition to the previously reported block of HIV-1 mRNA transcription, PGA1 was also found to inhibit viral protein synthesis. These results, together with the fact that prostaglandins are used clinically in the treatment of several diseases, open new perspectives in the search for novel antiretroviral drugs.
Abstract B42: Combination of liquid chromatography-surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify SUMOylated proteins due to nutrient restriction in colorectal cancer (2017)

Abstract Nutrient restriction, also known as caloric restriction, has been extensively examined for its positive impact on lifespan, immune system boost, and aging. Nutrient restriction, defined as providing essential nutrients but restricting total caloric intake, has shown to decrease disease rate in humans. In addition, nutrient restriction is implicated in decreasing cancer initiation and progression. We have previously established three dimensional cell culture models, known as spheroids, in the HCT 116 colorectal cancer cell line as a high throughput model for studying the proteomic changes associated with nutrient restriction. We found that SUMOylated proteins are up regulated in colorectal cancer 3D cell cultures when subjected to metabolic stress. The attachment of the SUMO protein leads to changes in subcellular location, DNA repair, transcriptional regulation, and mitosis. We will explore SUMOylated in response to nutrient restriction via a novel technique to detect biomolecules using LC-SERS. This method allows the can detection of chemical differences associated with biomolecule structure. We first will enhance this system to detect and quantify metabolites in a more complex matrix, such as a cell lysate. Once the methodology has been optimized we use LC-SERS to identify and quantitate SUMOylated proteins in response to NR. When compared to available MS methods to identified SUMOylated proteins, we hypothesize our novel LC-SERS methodology will be able to surpass the limitations found with MS methods. Nutrient restriction has overwhelming effects on cancer and this study will provides further evidence that SUMOlyation, in response to metabolic stress, has a role in cancer progression. Citation Format: Monica M. Schroll, Zachary D. Schultz, Amanda B. Hummon. Combination of liquid chromatography-surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify SUMOylated proteins due to nutrient restriction in colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Translational Control of Cancer: A New Frontier in Cancer Biology and Therapy; 2016 Oct 27-30; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B42.
Characteristics of glycemic stability in subjects with different glucose tolerance:the results of continuous glucose monitoring (2008)

Objective To investigate the characteristics of glycemic stability in subjects with different glucose tolerance by continuous glucose monitoring system(CGMS).Methods A total of 153 individuals including 48 indi- viduals with normal glucose regulation(NGR),36 patients with impaired glucose tolerance(IGT)and 69 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients(N-T2DM)were observed by CGMS for three days.The IGT group included 16 patients with isolated impaired glucose tolerance(I-IGT)and 20 patients with IGT combined with im- paired fasting glucose(IGT/IFG).The mean blood glucose(MBG)and its standard deviation(SDBG),mean ampli- tude of glycemic excursions(MAGE),and absolute means of daily differences(MODD)for 48 h were calculated in each individual.Results①The levels of MBG in the IGT/IFG group was higher than that in the I-IGT group ([6.55±0.70] mmol/L vs [6.02±0.50] mmol/L,P0.01).However,there was no difference in MAGE and MODD levels between IGT/IFG and I IGT group(P0.05).②The levels of MBG and MAGE in the IGT group were(6.31±0.67)mmol/L and(3.12±1.09)mmol/L,respectively,all higher than those of the NGR group ([5.37±0.55]mmol/L and [2.00±0.69] mmol/L,P0.01 and P0.05,respectively).There was no difference in MODD levels between IGT and NGR groups([0.89±0.29] mmol/L vs [0.81±0.29] mmol/L,P0.05).③The level of MBG,MAGE and MODD in the N-T2DM group were higher than those in the IGT and NGR groups(all P0.01).④No correlation was detected between HbA_1c and MAGE or MODD(both P0.05)in the N-T2DM group.MAGE was positively correlated with SDBG(r=0.81,P0.01).There was a significant correla- tion between SDBG and MBG(r=0.43,P0.01).Conclusion①In IGT patients,combined with IFG or not,the amplitude of intraday glycemic excursions is higher than that in NGR subjects,and much higher in diabetic patients.The amplitude of day-to-day glycemic excursions also significantly higher in diabetic patients.②HbA_1c can not reflect the characteristics of glyeemic stability.The MAGE and MODD revealed by CGMS profile can help characterize in- traday glycemic excursion and day-to-day glycemic reproducibility.
Convenient Formation of Six‐ to Nine‐Membered Carbocyclic Rings by 2‐Pyridyl Radical Cyclization: A Generalized Synthesis of Pyridine‐Fused Linear Tricyclic Systems. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Triple nanocomposites of CoMn2O4, Co3O4 and reduced graphene oxide for oxidation of aromatic alcohols (2014)

A composite of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with oxides of manganese and cobalt together was prepared by a solvothermal method. During synthesis, both the reduction of graphene oxide as well as the growth of nanorod shaped CoMn2O4 and Co3O4 occurred simultaneously having a crystallite size of ~8 nm calculated from X-ray diffraction (XRD). The as-obtained triple nanocomposite material designated as RGO–MnCoO exhibited excellent activity for the liquid phase aerobic oxidation of aromatic alcohols under base-free conditions selectively giving the corresponding aldehydes (>85%). RGO loading was varied in the range of 1–10%, among which 1% RGO–MnCoO showed maximum catalytic activity enhancement of 24% as compared to the bare mixed oxide (MnCo-MO) for the oxidation of vanillyl alcohol. HR-TEM of RGO–MnCoO revealed that it was a composite material having uniform nanotubes of ~25 nm length and 6 nm diameter with a fringe pattern showing the (103) and (004) planes and lattice spaces of 0.26 nm and 0.22 nm, respectively, for the spinel CoMn2O4. The detailed studies on the morphology, size and composition of the as-prepared RGO–MnCoO nanocomposite by XRD, XPS, N2-adsorption/desorption and O2-TPD techniques were used to understand the role of RGO in the enhancement of catalytic activity for oxidation reaction.
Three-Component Reaction of 2-Oxoaldehydes, Cyclic 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds, and 4-Aminopyridines (2016)

A novel three-component reaction of 2-oxoaldehydes, cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and 4-aminopyridines leading to the formation of zwitterionic Michael adducts is described.