gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clustered Hierarchical Search Structure for Large-Scale Packet Classification on FPGA (2011)

Most current SRAM-based high-speed Internet Protocol (IP) packet classification implementations use tree traversal and pipelining. However, these approaches result in inefficient memory utilization. Due to the limited amount of on-chip memory of the state-of-the-art Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), existing designs cannot support large filter databases arising in backbone routers and intrusion detection systems. Hierarchical search structures for packet classification exhibit good memory performance and support quick rule update. However, pipelined hardware implementation of these algorithms suffer from inefficient resource and memory usage due to variation in the size of the trie nodes and backtracking. We propose a memory efficient organization denoted Clustered Hierarchical Search Structure (CHSS) for packet classification. We present a clustering algorithm that partitions a given filter database to reduce the memory requirement. We show that, using the resulting structure, backtracking is not needed to perform a search. We introduce two parameters (NR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">trie</sub> , NR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">tree</sub> ), which can be chosen based on the given filter database to achieve good memory efficiency. Our algorithm demonstrates substantial reduction in the memory footprint compared with the state-of-the-art. For all publicly available filter databases, the achieved memory efficiency is between 21.54 and 41.25 bytes per rule. We map the proposed data structure onto a linear pipeline architecture to achieve high throughput. Post place and route result using a state-of-the-art FPGA device shows that the design can sustain a throughput of 408 million packets per second, or 130.5 Gbps (for the minimum packet size of 40 Bytes).
Intensity and wavelength dependence of bimolecular recombination in P3HT:PCBM solar cells: A white-light biased external quantum efficiency study (2013)

Bimolecular recombination is often a major photogenerated charge carrier loss mechanism in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, resulting in lower fill factor (FF) compared to inorganic devices. The recombination parameter α can be obtained from the power law fitting of short-circuit current (Jsc) on illumination intensity (I), Jsc∝Iα, with α values less than unity taken as an indication of reduced photon-to-electron extraction efficiency and the presence of bimolecular recombination in OPV. Here, we show that this intensity-averaged measurement is inadequate. An external quantum efficiency (EQE) apparatus under constant white-light bias can be used to measure the recombination parameter (αEQE*) as a function of wavelength and carrier density (white-light intensity). Examining the dependence of α on background white-light bias intensity and excitation wavelength provides further understanding of photon-to-electron conversion loss mechanisms in P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction devices in standard and inverted architectures. In order to compare EQE and current-voltage (JV) measurements, we discuss the special case of devices exhibiting sub-linear intensity response (α &lt; 1). Furthermore, we demonstrate several important advantages of the white-light biased EQE method of measuring bimolecular recombination compared to existing methods, including sensitivity in probing intensity-dependent recombination compared to steady-state JV measurements, the correlation of αEQE* and FF in devices, elucidation of recombination mechanisms through spectral dependence of carrier loss, and the robustness of αEQE* obtained via integration over the entire absorption region. Furthermore, this technique for measuring recombination is immediately accessible to the vast majority of researchers as the EQE apparatus is ubiquitous in PV research laboratories.
The pharmacokinetics of meropenem in volunteers (1989)

Two human volunteer studies were performed with meropenem: a dose proportionality study of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g and a probenecid interaction study. Six volunteers took part in each study. Meropenem was generally well tolerated: One volunteer was withdrawn from the dose proportionality study because of looseness of stool and abdominal pain after a dose of 1.0 g. The plasma concentrations of meropenem were linearly related to dose. The half-life of meropenem was approximately 1 h and the urinary recovery of unchanged drug was 79%. In the presence of probenecid the plasma half-life of meropenem was increased by 33% but the urinary recovery was unaffected.
Les Concessions de saint Augustin, leurs antécédents et leur influence (1964)

Pépin Jean. Les Concessions de saint Augustin, leurs antécédents et leur influence. In: Journal des savants, 1964, n°4. pp. 261-283.
Feasibility Study of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Intranasal Flexible Microendoscopy (1997)

Interventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers potential advantages over conventional interventional modalities such as X-ray fluoroscopy, ultrasonography, and computed tomography (CT). In particular, it does not use ionizing radiation, can provide high-quality images, and allows acquisition of oblique sections. We have carried out a feasibility study on the use of interventional MRI to track a flexible microendoscope in the paranasal sinuses. In this cadaver study, high-speed MRI was used to track a passive marker attached to the end of the endoscope.Automatic image registration algorithms were used to transfer the coordinates of the endoscope tip into the preoperative MRI and CT images, enabling us to display the position of the endoscope in reformatted orthogonal views or in a rendered view of the preoperative images. The endoscope video images were digitized and could be displayed alongside an approximately aligned, rendered preoperative image. Intraoperative display was provided in the scanner room by means of an liquid crystal display (LCD) projector. We estimate the accuracy of the endoscope tracking to be approximately 2 mm.
A Two-Stage Multiple-Output Automotive LED Driver Architecture (2020)

This paper is focused on a two-stage LED driver architecture operating from an automotive battery input voltage and delivering independently regulated output currents to multiple LED strings. The system consists of a non-inverting buck-boost front end, which handles wide battery voltage range, followed by high-frequency immittance-network based LCL-T resonant converters, which operate as current sources over wide output voltage ranges. The two-stage architecture allows for system efficiency optimization by taking advantage of the passthrough mode of operation of the non-inverting buck-boost stage and the buck and boost regulation capabilities of the immittance network resonant converter stages. Experimental results are provided for a prototype consisting of a 400 kHz front-end stage and 2 MHz LCL-T stages delivering independently regulated 0.55 A currents to two LED strings with N = 1 -12 LEDs. The measured system efficiency is greater than 85% over wide input (8-18 V) and output (3-36 V) voltage ranges, with a peak efficiency of 93% when the buck-boost stage is in the pass-through mode at the nominal battery voltage.
Synthesizing Alcohols and Ketones by Photoinduced Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Hydrocarbons in TiO<sub>2</sub> Film Reactors Prepared by Three Different Methods (1999)

The partial oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone on UV-irradiated titanium dioxide films in the presence of molecular oxygen at low temperatures and atmospheric pressure was studied. Three different coating methodologies (dip coating using titanium isopropoxide and commercially available titanium dioxide particles, sol−gel process, and flame aerosol process) were used to deposit the titanium dioxide films, and their effectiveness in partial oxidation of cyclohexane was compared. Conversions of the cyclohexane in the gas-phase reactor averaged between 1.1 and 8.7% per pass (8-s contact time) for the different film reactors. The yield (formation of ketone and alcohol) exceeded 96% for all the film reactors. No detectable amount of carbon dioxide was generated. The selectivity for ketone formation ranged from 59 to 91%. The films produced by the flame aerosol method resulted in the highest yield per mass of catalyst used and showed no coking and deactivation for a total run time of approximately 10 h (2 cycles). The films were characterized by XRD, SEM, and TEM to establish the phase compositions, morphologies, and primary particle sizes, respectively. The flame aerosol coating resulted in the formation of high surface area aggregates consisting of nanometer-sized primary particles with high density (minimal internal porosity), whereas dip coating resulted in the formation of bulk crystallites that were more susceptible to coking and deactivation. The flame-aerosol-deposited titania particles had more surface sites per unit mass for photooxidation and minimal intraparticle diffusion limitations.
Effects of Nozzle Type and Carrier Application on the Control of Leaf Spot Diseases of Soybean (2006)

Midwestern soybean growers seek information on effective application of foliar fungicidesthat do not translocate throughout the plant. Field application treatments included using a two-orificenozzle tip producing fine droplets at 187 l/ha (20 gal/ac) and 112 l/ha (12 gal/ac) and a single-orificenozzle tip producing a coarse droplet size more typical of herbicide applications at 168 l/ha (18gal/ac). In addition an air-assisted sprayer was used at one of the two sites of the trials.Measurements included droplet size, droplet coverage, and foliar disease severity in the top, middle,and lower parts of the plant canopy, and soybean yield.<br><br>Droplet size for application treatments generally followed expected manufacturer specifications.Percentage area covered and drops/cm2 were not statistically different among application treatmentsexcept at top of the plant canopy at one site. Percentage area covered and drops/cm2 werestatistically greater at the top of the canopy (17 - 18% coverage) than at the middle or bottom (1 8% coverage) at both sites. Foliar disease pressure was light so that yield or disease severity wasunaffected by application method or as compared to a check area without application.
Molecular evidence in support of the neoplastic and precursor nature of microglandular adenosis (2012)

Our results support the contention that MGA can be a clonal lesion and non-obligate precursor of triple-negative breast cancer.
Diagnostics and insights on PECVD for gas-barrier coatings (2002)

Abstract In this work, we report on our last results concerning the polyethyleneterephtalate barrier performance optimization as a function of the chemistry of the SiOx coating, deposited by means of hexamethyldisiloxane/oxygen-fed plasmas ignited in an RF capacitively coupled parallel plates reactor. The influence of the gas feed composition and power on the plasma phase/coating chemistry and on the O2 gas transmission rate has been investigated. The plasma phase has been studied by means of Fourier transform infrared absorption (FT-IR) and optical emission spectroscopies (OES), and the results have been coupled to the film chemistry investigated by means of FT-IR spectroscopy. These techniques show excellent potentialities in the correlation of the plasma phase and film chemistries with the barrier properties of the SiOx-coated polymer, especially when a very good barrier level is required.
Deployment of TREND - A Low-Noise Receiver User Instrument at 1.25 THz to 1.5 THz for AST/RO at the South Pole (2003)

Eyal Gerecht, Sigfrid Yngvesson, John Nicholson, Yan Zhuang, Fernando Rodriguez Morales, Xin Zhao, Dazhen Gu, Richard Zannoni, Michael Coulombe, Jason Dickinson, Thomas Goyette, Bill Gorveatt, Jerry Waldman, Pourya Khosropanah, Christopher Groppi, Abigail Hedden, Dathon Golish, Christopher Walker, Jacob Kooi, Richard Chamberlin, Antony Stark, Christopher Martin, Robert Stupak, Nicholas Tothill, and Adair Lane
Improvement of equivalent magnetic coupling coefficient of wireless power transfer system with multiwinding transmission coil (2019)

Abstract This article proposes a novel method of improving the overall coupling coefficient of a wireless power transfer system by using a four‐winding transformer of which two pairs of windings each are connected in parallel in the primary side and secondary side. By weakening the coupling coefficients k c between the parallel windings, the overall magnetic coupling between the primary side and secondary side of the transformer is improved. In order to confirm the validity of the proposed method, a conventional high‐ k c four‐winding transmission coil and the proposed low‐ k c four‐winding transmission coil are experimentally assessed. Then, the coils are introduced into a nonresonant inductive power transfer system utilizing a dual active bridge converter in order to confirm the correction of the input power factor. As a result, the overall magnetic coupling of the proposed four‐winding coils was found to be improved by 17% compared with the overall magnetic coupling of the conventional coil. Moreover, the input power factor for the entire load is corrected with the proposed four‐winding coil. Therefore, a low k c is effective in improving the overall magnetic coupling.
Microdissection: A novel method for the study of intracellular inclusion bodies (1990)

The purification of many intracellular and extracellular inclusions is often difficult to achieve due to the low concentration of the abnormalities in the tissue under study, or due to the degradation of components during extraction. We describe the use of microdissection for the isolation of neurons and intraneuronal inclusion bodies. The resulting suspension may be used for biochemical, immunological or ultrastructural studies. The technique is applicable to the study of a wide range of cellular abnormalities.
Enantiospecific Synthesis of Heterocycles Linked to Purines: Different Apoptosis Modulation of Enantiomers in Breast Cancer Cells (2013)

The issue of chiral drug is now a major theme in the design, discovery and development of new drugs. It has been shown for many pharmaceuticals that only one enantiomer contains the desired activity, and the synthesis of such drug molecules in their optically pure form is becoming increasingly important. Mitsunobu reaction was carried out between (R)- and (S)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzoxathiepin-3-ol and purines under microwave irradiation. A contraction into a six-membered ring takes place with concomitant inversion at the stereocentre with excellent enatiomeric excesses giving rise to the homochiral 9-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxathiin-3-ylmethyl)-9H-purines. The anti-tumour activity of all enantiomers is reported against the caspase-3-deficient MCF-7 and the wild type SKBR-3 human breast cancer cells. The most active homochiral compound displays an IC50 of 1.85 μM and induces inhibition of the translation initiation factor eIF2α. All homochiral compounds included in this study show different apoptotic effects between both enantiomers with levels up to 99%. We have analyzed caspase-mediated apoptotic pathways on enantiomers and racemates. We have found a homochiral derivative that activates the canonical intrinsic caspase-8/caspase-3 apoptotic pathway on the MCF-7 cells, and a racemic compound that induces caspase-2 activation. Moreover, we demonstrate the involvement of caspase activation during cell death induced by these compounds in SKBR-3 cells.
Stimulation of phosphatidylglycerolphosphate phosphatase activity by unsaturated fatty acids in rat heart (1994)

Phosphatidylglycerolphosphate (PGP) synthase and PGP phosphatase catalyze the sequential synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol from cytidine-5'-diphosphate 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (CDP-DG) and glycerol-3-phosphate. PGP synthase and PGP phosphatase activities were characterized in rat heart mitochondrial fractions, and the effect of fatty acids on the activity of these enzymes was determined. PGP synthase was observed to be a heat labile enzyme that exhibited apparent Km values for CDP-PG and glycerol-3-phosphate of 46 and 20 microM, respectively. The addition of exogenous oleic acid to the assay mixture did not affect PGP synthase activity. PGP phosphatase was observed to be a heat labile enzyme, and addition of oleic acid to the assay mixture caused a concentration-dependent stimulation of PGP phosphatase activity. Maximum stimulation (1.9-fold) of enzyme activity was observed in the presence of 0.5 mM oleic acid, but the stimulation was slightly attenuated by the presence of albumin in the assay. The presence of oleic acid in the assay mixture caused the inactivation of PGP phosphatase activity to be retarded at 55 degrees C. Stimulation of PGP phosphatase activity was also observed with arachidonic acid, whereas taurocholic, stearic and palmitic acids did not significantly affect PGP phosphatase activity. The activity of mitochondrial phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase was not affected by inclusion of oleic acid in the incubation mixture. We postulate that unsaturated fatty acids stimulate PGP phosphatase activity in rat heart.
Always the Best (2015)

Search overlays are distributed systems which allow to easily store and retrieve data shared across a huge number of nodes. A multitude of search overlays exist, each optimized for certain environments, application requirements, and workloads. However, in highly dynamic and heterogeneous environments, the choice of the most suitable overlay changes frequently.
Dietary fat source regulates<i>ob</i>gene expression in white adipose tissue of rats under hyperphagic feeding (2002)

This work was designed to investigate the effect of different lipid sources on ob gene expression and serum leptin levels in rats with two different feeding protocols: (1) free access to food; or (2) energy-controlled feeding. Male Wistar rats were fed diets containing 40 % energy as fat (olive oil, sunflower oil or beef tallow), for 4 weeks. In Expt 1 rats had free access to food, and in Expt 2 rats were fed a controlled amount of food (16 g/d, equivalent to 300 kJ/d). Insulin and leptin were determined by ELISA and ob mRNA by Northern blot. When rats had free access to food, ob mRNA levels were higher in animals fed either olive oil or sunflower oil than in those fed beef tallow. In marked contrast with feeding ad libitum, no differences were found among dietary fat groups in rats fed energy-controlled diets. When both feeding protocols were compared, free access to food induced an increased expression of ob mRNA in perirenal and/or epididymal adipose tissues from rats fed either olive oil or sunflower oil, but not from rats fed beef tallow. Dietary lipid type did not induce modifications in serum leptin concentrations. A tendency to higher serum leptin levels was observed more in rats with free access to food than in rats fed energy-controlled feeding. No differences were found in insulin levels. Dietary fat type importantly affects ob mRNA expression in rat white adipose tissue under hyperphagic conditions. Further study is needed in order to elucidate the mechanism underlying this effect.
PSI‐O, a new 10‐kDa subunit of eukaryotic photosystem I (2001)

A novel polypeptide with an apparent molecular mass of 9 kDa was detected after sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of Arabidopsis photosystem I (PSI) and was N-terminally sequenced. Corresponding cDNA clones encode a precursor protein of 140 amino acid residues which was imported into isolated intact chloroplasts and processed to the mature protein, designated PSI-O. The mature protein has two transmembrane helices and a calculated mass of 10104 Da. The PSI-O protein was also shown to be present in PSI isolated from barley and spinach, and was essentially absent in chloroplast grana. Expressed sequences encoding similar proteins are available from many species of plants and green algae.
CAMT: new findings and new questions (2001)

Ballmaier and colleagues (page [137][1]) have identified the molecular cause of congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT) in 9 patients: deficiency in expression or function of the thrombopoietin receptor c-mpl. Together with 2 earlier, smaller studies, this report adds CAMT to the growing
Interaction of lipoteichoic acid of group A streptococci with human platelets (1977)

The interaction of group A streptococcal lipoteichoic acid (LTA) with mammalian cell membranes was studied in human platelets. The binding of LTA to platelets was platelet concentration and time dependent. Binding approached a maximum within 10 min of incubation. The bound LTA could be displaced by adding a 50-fold excess of unlabeled LTA. An association constant of 1.9 X 10(-7) M was calculated, and only one population of binding sites was detected. Immuno-ferritin labeling of LTA-treated platelets demonstrated a patchy distribution of LTA binding sites on the platelet surface. LTA inhibited collagen- and alpha1 chain-induced platelet aggregation, but not the platelet release reaction, suggesting that the LTA and collagen binding sites on human platelets are distinct. Apparently, LTA binds to platelets and interferes with collagen-induced aggregation although collagen is still able to attach to binding sites to trigger the release reaction.
Trends in adherence to cancer screening guidelines: Are we moving in the right direction? (2008)

1539 Background: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for cervical, breast, colorectal and prostate cancer screening are well- established. The purpose of this study was to determine how adherence to CPGs has changed over the past five years. Methods: The National Health Interview Survey is a population-based survey, designed to be representative of the entire civilian non-institutionalized population in the US. To determine trends in adherence to CPGs, data from the 2000 and 2005 surveys were analyzed using SAS and SAS-callable SUDAAN software. Results: There was a significant decline in women over the age of 21 reporting having had a PAP smear within the preceding three years and women over the age of 40 reporting having had a mammogram within the preceding two years over the period of 2000 to 2005. However, the rate of men over the age of 50 reporting having had a PSA did not significantly change over this period. The rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with either proctoscopy, sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy increased between 2000 and 2005. While an increase in CRC screening between 2000 and 2005 was observed in both women (32.3% to 39.9%, p<0.0001) and men (37.2% to 42.7%, p<0.0001), men were significantly more likely to report having had endoscopic screening than women, independent of survey year (p<0.0001). On multivariate analysis, controlling for insurance status, educational level and family income, the trends in colorectal, cervical and breast cancer between 2000 and 2005 remained significant. Conclusions: There has been a significant decline in adherence to breast and cervical cancer screening CPGs over the past five years, while CRC screening has improved over the same time period. Although rates of PAP smears and mammography are high compared with lower GI endoscopy and PSA testing, the decline in breast and cervical cancer screening is concerning. Number of people (%) P value 2000 2005 Univariate Multivariate PAP smear within past 3 yrs 13,538 (78.7) 12,215 (74.1) P<0.0001 P<0.0001 Mammogram within past 2 yrs 7,289 (68.5) 7,061 (65.5) P=0.0005 P=0.0003 Endoscopy within past 10 yrs 4,260 (34.5) 5,337 (41.2) P<0.0001 P<0.0001 PSA within the past yr 2,104 (46.0) 2,350 (54.0) P=0.7649 P=0.8681 No significant financial relationships to disclose.