gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BEES: exploring Mars with bioinspired technologies (2004)

The bioinspired engineering of exploration systems (BEES) applies insects' biological sensory and flight control abilities to the design of real-time autonomous, visual-navigation and control systems for small unmanned flying vehicles. The bioinspired engineering of exploration systems focuses on using the variety of nature-tested mechanisms successfully implemented by biological organisms but not easily accomplished by conventional methods. We apply BEES technology to the development of bioinspired visual navigation sensors integrated on small flyers to enable autonomous flight. BEES technology extracts the salient principles from a variety of diverse organisms adept at flight, and applies them to machines that can fly on Mars.
High diffraction efficiency polarization gratings recorded by biphotonic holography in an azobenzene liquid crystalline polyester (2001)

High diffraction efficiencies have been achieved with polarization gratings recorded in thin films of an azobenzene side-chain liquid crystalline polyester by means of biphotonic processes. Efficiency values up to 30% have been reached after an induction period of 300 s and subsequent evolution with the sample in darkness. These values are at least two orders of magnitude higher than those previously reported for biphotonic recording. The gratings can be erased with unpolarized blue light and partial recovery of the diffraction efficiency has been observed after the erasure process when the sample is kept in darkness. Red light illumination of the erased film increases the recovered efficiency value and the recovery rate.
Diffusion on loopless critical percolation cluster (1995)

In this paper, we calculate the dynamical exponents of diffusion, dw/df and ds, on a percolation cluster at pc with no loops, for the square and simple cubic lattices by the method of spectral analysis of the transition probability matrix. Results show that ds varies significantly with the spatial dimension, unlike in conventional percolation, but the Alexander-Orbach scaling relation ds=2df/dw still holds. Thus it rules out the possibility that this scaling relation fails for all loopless fractals because of trapping.
ChemInform Abstract: Tether‐Free Immobilized Bifunctional Squaramide Organocatalysts for Batch and Flow Reactions. (2013)

Abstract The organocatalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of 1,3‐dicarbonyles to nitrostyrenes is presented.
Resonance Raman spectra of iron tetraphenylporphyrin complexes: characterization of structure and bonding sensitive bands (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTResonance Raman spectra of iron tetraphenylporphyrin complexes: characterization of structure and bonding sensitive bandsGenevieve. Chottard, Pierrette. Battioni, Jean Paul. Battioni, Marc. Lange, and Daniel. MansuyCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 6, 1718–1722Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50220a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50220a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views338Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Separated aluminum alkyl–titanium tetrachloride catalysts for isoprene polymerization (1963)

Abstract The liquid portions of triisobutyl–aluminum TiCl 4 catalysts were partially or completely removed from catalysts formed at Al/Ti ratios of 0.5, 0.6, 1.0, 1.2, 2.0, 3.0, and higher. The partially separated catalysts (0.5–1.2 Al/Ti) are still highly active for the polymerization of isoprene to a high cis polymer. The completely separated solid is inactive, but regains polymerization activity if triisobutyl aluminum or diisobutyl‐aluminum chloride is added back. Polymer yield quickly reaches a maximum and then falls off sharply on addback of more trialkyl; the drop in yield is much slower on addback of excess dialkyl halide. The results indicate that trialkyl or dialkyl halide plus β‐TiCl 3 make active catalyst systems for cis ‐polyisoprene; the alkyl dihalide is not satisfactory. Excess trialkyl changes the solid surface or mechanism and results in lowered solid polymer yield and increased oily oligomer formation. Completely separated high ratio (2.0 and 3.0 Al/Ti) catalysts are more active than those only partially separated but still much less active than catalysts formed at lower ratios. Addbacks of either aluminum trialkyl or dialkyl halide depress the solid cis polymer yield. Without any separation no solid polymer at all forms. The results suggest that the catalyst at these high ratios is a solid complex of β‐TiCl 3 with an organometallic. A simple coordination mechanism is sufficient to correlate all the experimental results.
Comportamiento de nidificación de "Sphex Latreillei" Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) (1996)

Fascia iliaca block may be used as an alternative method to periarticular injection, and it effectively reduces the amount of morphine used to relieve post-TKA pain.
ROLE OF ANGIOTENSINOGEN PROMOTER HAPLOTYPES FOR BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION (2004)

Herrmann, S.-M.; Reichenberger, F.; Köpke, K.; Schmidt-Petersen, K.; Paul, M.; Zidek, W.; Brand, E. Author Information
MAGIC calculations for a large-area microwave plasma source (1995)

Summary form only given, as follows. The MAGIC code was used to analyze a two-dimensional model of a microwave surface-ECR plasma source to obtain microwave field and electron-trajectory information for design purposes. This source uses permanent magnets to generate a cyclotron-resonance surface across the aperture of a rectangular or circular waveguide. The permanent magnets are located in channels in an aluminum grill, and are held in the channels by a ceramic waveguide/vacuum window. The grill and window act as obstacles in the waveguide. Electron-trajectory analysis is done to examine kinetic power deposition on the grill and nearby waveguide walls, and electron heating by the microwave fields in the static field generated by the permanent magnets. The field is modeled by equations that approximate the actual magnetic field. MAGIC was used to study the reflection from the grill and window, and to determine the effect of adding boron nitride inserts in the open slots of the grill to reduce the reflection coefficient. The width of the open spaces and the number of magnet rows were varied to find an optimum design. The waveguide was modeled as a parallel-plane waveguide with a 15-cm spacing. The TM/sub 1/ parallel-plane waveguide mode was launched at the input end. A tapered transition was also designed to transform from standard WR284 waveguide to the 15-cm/spl times/20 cm source waveguide. The resulting design minimized the generation of higher-order modes and reflection of the dominant mode. Reflection coefficients as low as 20% could be obtained with 47% of the waveguide aperture covered by the grill. Minimum reflection was obtained when the spaces between magnet rows were half-filled with boron nitride. A few electrons were used for single-particle trajectories, and superelectrons in a background of immobile ions were used to model an underdense plasma. The kinetic power delivered to the grill and walls was found to be relatively small.
ANALYTICAL METHOD OF REINFORCING EFFECT BY GEOGRID IN COHESIVE SOIL GROUND (1999)

ジオグリッドの引抜き試験結果に基づき, 粘性土とジオグリッドの相互作用特性について検討した. 粘性土とジオグリッド間に作用する引抜き抵抗は変位に依存しない部分と変位に依存する部分に分けて評価することにより, その特性を統一的に評価できる. 粘性土とジオグリッドの相互作用特性を有限要素法に, 取り入れた解析法を提案し, その妥当性について検証を行った. 解析値と実測値や実験値との比較を行った結果, 定性的にも定量的にもジオグリッドに発生するひずみの発現状況等がよく一致し, 提案した解析法の妥当性が検証された.
NirF is a periplasmic protein that binds <i>d</i><sub>1</sub> heme as part of its essential role in <i>d</i><sub>1</sub> heme biogenesis (2010)

The cytochrome cd₁ nitrite reductase from Paracoccus pantotrophus catalyses the one electron reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide using two heme cofactors. The site of nitrite reduction is the d₁ heme, which is synthesized under anaerobic conditions by using nirECFD-LGHJN gene products. In vivo studies with an unmarked deletion strain, ΔnirF, showed that this gene is essential for cd₁ assembly and consequently for denitrification, which was restored when the ΔnirF strain was complemented with wild-type, plasmid-borne, nirF. Removal of a signal sequence and deletion of a conserved N-terminal Gly-rich motif from the NirF coded on a plasmid resulted in loss of in vivo NirF activity. We demonstrate here that the product of the nirF gene is a periplasmic protein and, hence, must be involved in a late stage of the cofactor biosynthesis. In vitro studies with purified NirF established that it could bind d₁ heme. It is concluded that His41 of NirF, which aligns with His200 of the d₁ heme domain of cd₁, is essential both for this binding and for the production of d₁ heme; replacement of His41 by Ala, Cys, Lys and Met all gave nonfunctional proteins. Potential functions of NirF are discussed.
Dicobalt octacarbonyl-mediated cyclizations of electron-deficient alkynones (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDicobalt octacarbonyl-mediated cyclizations of electron-deficient alkynonesThomas R. Hoye and Joseph A. SurianoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7, 1659–1660Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00059a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00059a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views278Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Maximum a posteriori event positioning in high-resolution PET CZT detectors (2008)

242 Objectives: Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride (CZT) may be useful for PET, but its photo-fraction is low and multiple interactions in the detectors are frequent. However, a CZT detector can localize the 3D coordinates of individual photon interactions with high spatial and energy resolution. A challenge is to correctly estimate the first interaction, which best defines the correct line of response. Previously, we had proposed a maximum-likelihood (ML) approach. In this work, we investigate a maximum a posteriori (MAP) positioning method. Methods: Monte-Carlo integration is used to compute the likelihood of each possible sequence of interaction. An accurate physical model is used to compute the a priori probability of each sequence and obtain a posteriori probabilities. This model uses the exponential photon linear attenuation law and the Klein Nishina formula. A parameter β defines the relative weights of the likelihood and the prior model (β=0 for ML). For fast computation, we are investigating using graphics processing units to parallelize the algorithm. Results: We generated data using Monte-Carlo for two simulated CZT-based PET systems. The high-specs (HS) system has 1x1x1 mm3 spatial and 3% fwhm energy resolution. The low-specs (LS) system has 1x1x5 mm3 spatial and 12% energy resolution. The method was evaluated on both systems with β varying. The performance is measured as the success rate in recovering either the full sequence of interactions or just the first interaction. Conclusions: For the HS system, MAP performs worse than ML as β increases. This indicates that low-noise data should be trusted more than the prior model. For the LS system and β=2, MAP outperforms ML by 7% for recovering the correct interaction sequence and 8% for the first interaction. An accurate prior model makes the position estimate more robust to noise in the data. Research Support: NIH R01CA119056, R33EB003283, R01CA120474
Sound localization in the median sagittal plane by hearing impaired listeners (1995)

Previously, it was reported that listeners with substantial high-frequency hearing loss have difficulty localizing sounds in the median sagittal plane [Vander Velde etal., 1812(A) (1993)]. When asked to localize broadband noise, they performed near chance level on an elevation task and somewhat better, but far below normal, on a task that required that they distinguish between sources to the front, overhead, and rear. In the present study, these experiments were repeated with new subjects (n=16), and with the following variations, each introduced to encourage improved performance. (1) Low-frequency components of the noise stimulus were filtered out to preclude the masking of more informative high-frequency components. (2) The difficulty level of the elevation task was eased. (3) Subjects were tested while wearing their hearing aids. Each of these changes helped a few individuals, typically in small ways, but none produced statistically significant improvement for the group overall (p≳0.05). Together, these results point up a significant localization problem for individuals with high-frequency hearing loss of the sort that commonly accompanies aging. The results also support the theory that spectral cues are of the greatest importance for median plane localization. [Work supported by NIDCD.]
The primary and secondary spore cyst of Aphanomyces (Oomycetes, Saprolegniales) (1984)

The ultrastructural organization of the primary (1°) and secondary (2°) cysts of Aphanomyces astaci and A. laevis is extremely similar, and similar to that of the 1° and 2° cysts of A. eutekhes as presented earlier by Hoch and Mitchell. Synchronous populations of 2° cysts can be induced by mechanical shock and encystment appears to be essentially instantaneous. The cyst coat–wall appears to be formed extremely rapidly from material from the peripheral vesicles with flocculent content. After encystment the microtubule cytoskeleton found in the zoospore is maintained in the 1° and 2° cyst (i.e. the single microtubules which extend along the pyriform nucleus from the ki–netosomes–centrioles and the bundles of closely appressed microtubules are retained). The peripheral vesicles with granular content found in the zoospore are not seen in the 1° or 2° cyst. Multivesicular bodies and lomasomes are observed in the 1° and 2° cyst which are not found in the zoospore. The peripheral cisternae of the zoospore are lost upon encystment and may be formed from dictyosome–derived vesicles during excystment of the 1° and 2° cyst. The U–body of A. astaci has a paracrystalline content while the U–body of A laevis and A eutekhes has a tubular content. A microbody–lipid body complex (sensu Powell) is found in the 1° and 2° cysts of A laevis but not in A astaci or A eutekhes. The significance of the presence of a microbody–lipid body complex in a biflagellate zoospore is discussed.
Dynamic Packet Bundling for VoIP Transmission Over Rel'7 HSUPA with 10ms TTI Length (2007)

In this paper, the system level optimization of the voice over IP transmission in the HSUPA system, configured with a 10 ms TTI length, is analyzed. The study considers the release 7 improvements to HSUPA, in terms of the DPCCH gating concept. A dynamic activated MAC layer bundling of two VoIP packets in a single frame is proposed and compared against the single packet per frame transmission by means of quasi-static system level simulations.
High-performance regular expression scanning on the Cell/B.E. processor (2009)

Matching regular expressions (regexps) is a very common work-load. For example, tokenization, which consists of recognizing words or keywords in a character stream, appears in every search engine indexer. Tokenization also consumes 30% or more of most XML processors' execution time and represents the first stage of any programming language compiler.
Monitoring airborne VOCs by membrane introduction ion trap mass spectrometry (1994)

The authors are developing a field instrument for direct air sampling which combines rapid screening with high sensitivity. These qualities are achieved by combining a pneumatically assisted two-stage membrane sampling interface with a Finnigan ion trap mass spectrometer. The instrument will be suitable for monitoring contaminant releases in outdoor air during waste site operations. Additional applications include indoor air monitoring, and stack and process monitoring.
Neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease (1997)

The overall objective of the neuropsychology task force of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) was to develop a brief, reliable battery of neuropsychological tests that would be widely used by researchers and clinicians to assess the cognitive status of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) at entry and during long-term annual follow-up.1 The neuropsychological data on these patients and on cognitively normal control subjects, when correlated with clinical, neuropathologic, and neuroimaging findings, would then permit characterization of the natural history of this disorder. In addition, studies were undertaken to determine the relationship of test performance to demographic characteristics.2,3

CERAD neuropsychological battery. Although the clinical presentation of AD varies from patient to patient, specific cognitive deficits inevitably appear, such as memory impairment, disorientation, loss of expressive and receptive language, and dyspraxia.4 Accordingly, the CERAD battery included tests to assess each of these cognitive domains.1 The verbal fluency test assesses language production by asking the patient to name as many animals as possible within 60 seconds.5 A shortened version of the Boston Naming Test6 asks patients to name objects shown in 15 line drawings (five words each of high, medium, and low frequency). Other tests include the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)7; a 10-item word list memory, recall, and recognition test; constructional praxis;8 and delayed recall of the praxis items. The battery usually requires 20 to 30 minutes to administer.

All of the neuropsychological tests were found to have substantial inter-rater reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.92 (constructional praxis) to 1.0 (word list recall). One-month test-retest reliability of these measures is shown in the table. It should be noted that lower values among control subjects reflect a limited response range due to ceiling effects. Longitudinal studies9 …
1.7 μm excited state absorption measurement in erbium-doped glasses (1995)

We have measured the complete 1.7 μm excited state absorption (ESA) spectrum in erbium-doped glasses. The spectrum is obtained by measuring the gain of an erbium-doped waveguide in the 1400–1800 nm region. Using the measured spectra, we estimate the 1.5 μm uniform upconversion rate by calculating the spectral overlap between the 1.5 μm emission and 1.7 μm ESA cross sections. The technique is applied to erbium-doped, ion-exchangeable silicate glasses yielding upconversion constants in the range of 1–10×10−18 cm3/s.
ChemInform Abstract: A cis‐Hydroxyamination Equivalent: Application to the Synthesis of (‐)‐Acosamine. (1987)

Abstract The Pd(0)‐catalyzed reaction of epoxides (I), (VI), (VIII) or (X) with isocyanates (II) proceeds stereospecifically to yield the oxazolidinones shown in the scheme.
Durability of sustained response shown in paediatric patients with chronic hepatitis C who were treated with interferon alfa‐2b plus ribavirin (2011)

Long-term studies in adults indicate that sustained virologic response (SVR) after combination treatment for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) predicts long-term clearance. Although peginterferon plus ribavirin is now standard care for children with CHC, long-term follow-up studies are not yet available. This study evaluated durability of virologic response over 5 years in children previously treated with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin (IFN/R). Ninety-seven of 147 children with CHC, who were treated with IFN/R and completed the 6-month follow-up in two previous clinical trials, participated in this long-term follow-up study. All were assessed annually for up to 5 years; patients with SVR were assessed for durability of virologic response. Children with SVR (n = 56) and those with detectable hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA 24-week post-treatment (n = 41) were followed for a median of 284 weeks. Overall, 70% (68/97) of patients completed the 5-year follow-up. One patient with genotype 1a CHC had SVR and relapsed at year 1 of follow-up with the same genotype. Kaplan-Meier estimate for sustained response at 5 years was 98% (95% CI: 95%, 100%). Six patients with low-positive HCV RNA levels (n = 4) or missing HCV RNA at the 24-week follow-up visit (n = 2) in the initial treatment studies had virologic response during this long-term follow-up study. Linear growth rate was impaired during treatment with rapid increases in the immediate 6 months post-treatment. Mean height percentile at the end of the 5-year follow-up was slightly less than the mean pretreatment height percentile. Five patients experienced serious adverse events; none related to study drug exposure. SVR after IFN/R predicts long-term clearance of HCV in paediatric patients; growth normalized in the majority of children during the long-term follow-up. Similar long-term results could be expected after peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin treatment.
Acoustic Wave Devices (1995)

The prelims comprise: Surface Acoustic Wave Devices Quartz Microbalance Transducers References