gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium‐Catalyzed Cascade Carboalumination of 2‐Alkyl‐Substituted Dienes and Related Trienes. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
5-Isoxazolecarboxaldehyde: A Novel Substrate for Fast Baylis-Hillman Reaction (2001)

3-Aryl-5-isoxazolecarboxaldehyde undergoes fast Baylis-Hillman reaction with a variety of activated alkenes to yield the corresponding adducts in excellent yields. Some of the Baylis-Hillman adducts reported herein have been subsequently modified to obtain isoxazole substituted pyrazolin-3-ones and γ-butyrolactones.
Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine-Structure Spectroscopic Study on Nitrogen-Doped Ultrananocrystalline Diamond/Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon Composite Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition (2011)

Nitrogen-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD)/hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) composite films, which possessed n-type conduction with enhanced electrical conductivity, were prepared by pulsed laser deposition. The film doped with a nitrogen content of 7.9 at. % possessed enhanced electrical conductivity of 18 Ω -1 ·cm -1 at 300 K. The near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) measurement indicated the appearance of additional peaks due to π * C=N, σ * C=N, and σ * C–N bonds compared with the spectra of undoped films. The sp 2 bonding fraction estimated from the NEXAFS spectra increased with the nitrogen content. The enhanced electrical conductivity is probably due to the formation of additional π * and σ * states and the enhancement in the sp 2 bonding fraction.
Coevolution of RANTES Sensitivity and Mode of CCR5 Receptor Use by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 of the R5 Phenotype (2004)

The evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coreceptor use has been described as the acquisition of CXCR4 use linked to accelerated disease progression. However, CXCR4-using virus can be isolated only from approximately one-half of individuals with progressive HIV-1 disease. The other half continue to yield only CCR5-using viruses (R5 phenotype) throughout the course of disease. In the present work, the use of receptor chimeras between CCR5 and CXCR4 allowed us to study the evolution of HIV-1 with the R5 phenotype, which was not revealed by studies of wild-type coreceptor use. All together, 246 isolates (173 with the R5 phenotype) from 31 individuals were tested for their ability to infect cells through receptor chimeras. R5(narrow) virus was able to use only wild-type CCR5, whereas R5(broad(1)) to R5(broad(3)) viruses were able to use one to three chimeric receptors, respectively. Broad use of chimeric receptors was interpreted as an increased flexibility in the mode of receptor use. R5(broad) isolates showed higher infectivity in cells expressing wild-type CCR5 than R5(narrow) isolates. Also, the increased flexibility of R5(broad) isolates was concomitant with a lower sensitivity to inhibition by the CC chemokine RANTES. Our results indicate a close relationship between HIV-1 phenotypic changes and the pathogenic process, since the mode and efficiency of CCR5 use as well as the decrease in the RANTES sensitivities of isolated viruses are significantly correlated with CD4(+)-T-cell decline in a patient. One possible explanation is that ligand competition at the CCR5 receptor or changed CCR5 availability may shape the outcome of HIV-1 infection.
The structure of a new anthracycline, cinerubin X produced by a blocked mutant of Streptomyces violaceochromogenes. (1986)

As part of our biosynthetic studies on anthracycline antibiotics, we attempted to develop a cloning system using a cinerubin-producing organism isolated in our laboratory Streptomyces violaceochromogenes as a host. This strain was found to be transformed by the plasmid, pIJ7021). As a first step to clone the structural gene controlling the cinerubin biosynthesis, we isolated cinerubin-negative mutants of S. violaceochromogenes. Among these mutants the strain C73 was found to produce a new anthracycline named cinerubin X. In this paper we wish to report the isolation and structure of cinerubin X.
Solvent extraction engineering and design (1964)

Abstract Many component parts of solvent extraction plants are standardied. However, factors such as different raw materials, meal and oil product requirements, company marketing practices, local economic conditions, future design considerations, layout requirements, individual company standardization programs, utilities characteristics and structural considerations always vary from plant to plant. Therefore, the design of solvent extraction plants can never be completely standardized. Economic considerations must be given for each individual case for steam economizing facilities, mineral oil recovery systems, integration of a new plant with existing plant facilities, and location and availability of existing facilities. Safety and housekeeping cannot be separated from good design. An unprofitable and unsafe plant is never a bargain.
Development of modular products (1996)

Modular products refer to products, assemblies, and components that fulfill various functions through the combination of distinct building blocks. As companies strive to rationalize engineering design, manufacturing, and support processes and to produce a large variety of products at lower costs, modularity is becoming a focus. However, modularity has been treated in the literature at an abstract level, and it has not been satisfactorily explored in industry. Furthermore, the modular technology in electronics such as multichip modules (MCMs) aims at decreasing the average spacing between integrated circuits rather than increasing the variety of product characteristics of other types of designs. This paper develops a methodology for determining modular products while considering cost and performance. To interpret various types of modularity such as component-swapping, component-sharing, and bus modularity, a graphical representation of the product modularity is presented, while the module components of a product set are determined by a heuristic approach. With the module components known, a rule-based fuzzy representation of the module development problem is presented, while the tradeoff between performance and cost of modules is analyzed by a fuzzy neural network approach. The approach is illustrated with the example of an MCM.
Angioplasty of an atherosclerotic middle cerebral artery associated with improvement in regional cerebral blood flow. (1990)

The balloon catheter used in the treatment of vasospasm are produced from a silicone elastomer that is somewhat soft (DC .65 catheter, International Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA), causing concern as to its efficacy against hard plaque. We present a case of dilatation of an atherosclerotic middle cerebral artery using the DC .65 catheter, which resulted in improved cerebral perfusion
Characterization of transparent quarter micron lines by spectral measurements with visible light (2003)

The spectral response of transparent quarter micron lines in opaque Chromium layers has been studied with visible light. These lines are design elements of binary components used in advanced optical systems for microlithography. In the current fabrication process lines of 200nm line width and more than 20 μm length are fabricated by electron beam lithography. The geometric parameters of these lines, e.g. width, length and the microstructural quality are controlled by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this work want to report about a new possibility to control the optical properties of quarter micron lines with respect to line width and microstructure. We have performed spectral resolved measurements with a tuneable light source in a spectral range between 450nm and 1600nm. Due to the dimensions of the quarter micron lines polarization depend transmission properties are expected. By performing polarization sensitive optical measurements we are able to distinguish quarter micron lines with different widths below the resolution limit of the classical microscopy with visible light.
Acoustic wavefield separation using horizontal receiver arrays deployed at multiple depths on land (2013)

We present a novel inversion scheme for decomposing upgoing and downgoing wavefields from vertical particle velocity recordings in downhole arrays at multiple depth levels. Our method requires no knowledge of the subsurface medium parameters as the required operators are obtained directly from the data by direct-wave interferometry. As we demonstrate, the method can be applied with as few as two receiver arrays, as long as their vertical spacing is sufficiently small. Additional depth levels can be used to improve the stability of the inversion.
Reaction of C<sub>60</sub>, C<sub>70</sub>, C<sub>76</sub>, C<sub>78</sub>, and C<sub>84</sub> with ozone at 23.5°C (1993)

Abstract C 60 , C 70 , C 76 , C 78 , and C 84 dissolved in toluene, were treated at 23.5°C with ozone. The concentrations of all five fullerenes decreased with increasing dose of ozone, but C 60 , C 76 , C 78 , and C 84 transformed significantly faster than C 70 . Oxides of C 60 and C 70 , but not of the other fullerenes, were observed in the ozonated solutions. We assume that all five fullerenes form molozonides, which swiftly lose molecular oxygen to form oxides. We assume further that the molozonide always forms at an interpentagonal bond. The π‐bond orders calculated by Taylor for such bonds may explain the faster ozonation of C 76 , C 78 , and C 84 , but probably not of C 60 . We suggest that the “equatorial belt” of 15 hexagons of C 70 , with its relatively high π density may be the cause for the slower rate of ozonation of C 70 .
Evaluation of the Head-Mounted Display for Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Nerve Blocks in Simulated Regional Anesthesia (2015)

Use of a HMD improved efficiency and human factors during simulated nerve blocks. This suggests that a clinical study to see if this observation translates into a clinical setting is warranted.
Morphological Abnormalities Resulting from Radiofrequency Treatment of Larvae of Tenebrio molitor1 (1967)

Journal Article Morphological Abnormalities Resulting from Radiofrequency Treatment of Larvae of Tenebrio molitor Get access A. M. Kadoum, A. M. Kadoum Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. J. Ball, H. J. Ball Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. O. Nelson S. O. Nelson 2The authors are, respectively, former Instructor of Entomology, University of Nebraska (now Assistant Professor of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan); Professor of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; and Research Investigations Leader, Farm Electrification Research Branch, Agricultural Engineering Research Division, ARS, USDA, Lincoln, Nebr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 60, Issue 5, 15 September 1967, Pages 889–903, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/60.5.889 Published: 15 September 1967 Article history Accepted: 02 December 1966 Published: 15 September 1967
Nanolipospheres for Oral Bioavailability Enhancement: Recent Advancements, Current Challenges and Future Directions (2015)

Background: With the revolutionary advent of nanotechnology in 21st century, nanolipospheres have been increasingly viewed as a potential drug carrier for improving gastrointestinal absorption and oral bioavailability of several lipophilic drugs. Methods: Moreover, these possess advantages with respect to limited toxicity over polymeric nanoparticles and able to deliver drugs with low half-life or low therapeutic index for providing sustained or control drug delivery action. Results: Considering potential advantages of the nanotechnology for controlling particle size, shape and multi-functionality of drug molecules, nanolipospheres play promising role for attaining improved oral bioavailability of drugs for minimizing the adverse effects. Conclusion: In this context, the present review article provides details on preparation and application of nanolipospheres-based drug delivery systems for oral bioavailability enhancement of drugs. Besides, the article aims to provide readers as a ready reckoner on current developments in nanoliposphere-based nanomedicines along with future prospects with them in modern drug therapy. Keywords: Applications, innovation and processing, nanolipospheres, recent patents.
Options to Improve TCF-bleaching of Sulfite Pulp (2003)

TCF bleaching of sulfite pulp is relatively easy. With only two stages it delivers brightness levels up to 88 %ISO on low Kappa number pulps. Very high brightness, however, is difficult to reach. High Kappa pulps or pulps which are delignified with magnesium oxide in order to allow an effluent recycle are even more difficult to bleach because of their lignin residual. This limits the potential to bleach magnefite pulps to very high brightness or to use higher Kappa pulping in the acid sulfite process for improved strength properties.
Combination of Intra-Bone Marrow–Bone Marrow Transplantation and Subcutaneous Donor Splenocyte Injection Diminishes Risk of Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Enhances Survival Rate (2010)

The combination of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) and donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is a useful method for establishing donor chimerism and preventing a relapse of leukemia/lymphoma. However, there is a risk of inducing uncontrollable fatal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In fact, allo-BMT plus intravenous (IV)-DLI using donor splenocytes induces fatal GVHD in recipient mice. In this study, we examined the effects of the combination of intra-bone marrow (IBM)-BMT and the subcutaneous injection of donor splenocytes (SC-DLI) on the allo-BMT system. Recipient BALB/c mice were conditioned by sublethal irradiation (5 Gy), followed by IBM-BMT plus IV-DLI or SC-DLI in C57BL/6 mice. The IV-DLI group showed better engraftment of donor hemopoietic cells than the control group (without DLI) but showed fatal GVHD. The SC-DLI group, however, showed good reconstitution and mild GVHD. These results suggest that the combination of SC-DLI and IBM-BMT promotes the reconstitution of hemopoiesis and helps reduce the risk of GVHD.
Cold compression of solid matter by intense heavy-ion-beam-generated pressure waves (2004)

Experimental investigations of heavy-ion-generated shock waves in solid, multilayered targets were performed by applying a Schlieren and a laser-deflection technique. Shock velocity and the corresponding pressures, temporal and spatial density profiles inside the material compressed by multiple shock waves, and details of the shock dynamics were determined. Important for equation-of-state and phase transition studies, such experiments extend their relevance to inertial confinement fusion and astrophysical fundamental research.
Capture of 0.1-μm aerosol particles containing viable H1N1 influenza virus by N95 filtering facepiece respirators (2015)

Nosocomial infections pose an escalating threat to both patients and healthcare workers (HCWs). A widely recommended device for individual respiratory protection, the N95 filtering facepiece respirator (FFR) has been shown to provide efficient filtration of inert particles larger and smaller than the nominal most-penetrating particle size (MPPS) range, 0.03-0.3 μm. Humans generate respiratory aerosols in the MPPS range, suggesting that short-range disease transmission could occur via small infectious particles. Data presented here show that the N95 FFR will afford a significant measure of protection against infectious particles as small as a bare H1N1 influenza virion, and that the capture mechanism does not discriminate in favor of, or against, biological particles.
Oxylipin Signaling: A Distinct Role for the Jasmonic Acid Precursor cis-(+)-12-Oxo-Phytodienoic Acid (cis-OPDA) (2012)

Oxylipins are lipid-derived compounds, many of which act as signals in the plant response to biotic and abiotic stress. They include the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) and related jasmonate metabolites cis-(+)-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (cis-OPDA), methyl jasmonate, and jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile). Besides the defense response, jasmonates are involved in plant growth and development and regulate a range of processes including glandular trichome development, reproduction, root growth, and senescence. cis-OPDA is known to possess a signaling role distinct from JA-Ile. The non-enzymatically derived phytoprostanes are structurally similar to cis-OPDA and induce a common set of genes that are not responsive to JA in Arabidopsis thaliana. A novel role for cis-OPDA in seed germination regulation has recently been uncovered based on evidence from double mutants and feeding experiments showing that cis-OPDA interacts with abscisic acid (ABA), inhibits seed germination, and increases ABA INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5) protein abundance. Large amounts of cis-OPDA are esterified to galactolipids in A. thaliana and the resulting compounds, known as Arabidopsides, are thought to act as a rapidly available source of cis-OPDA.
Pooled Analysis of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathway Variants and Risk of Prostate Cancer (2010)

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway regulates various cellular processes, including cellular proliferation and intracellular trafficking, and may affect prostate carcinogenesis. Thus, we explored the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in PI3K genes and prostate cancer. Pooled data from the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium were examined for associations between 89 SNPs in PI3K genes (PIK3C2B, PIK3AP1, PIK3C2A, PIK3CD, and PIK3R3) and prostate cancer risk in 8,309 cases and 9,286 controls. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using logistic regression. SNP rs7556371 in PIK3C2B was significantly associated with prostate cancer risk [OR(per allele), 1.08 (95% CI, 1.03-1.14); P(trend) = 0.0017] after adjustment for multiple testing (P(adj) = 0.024). Simultaneous adjustment of rs7556371 for nearby SNPs strengthened the association [OR(per allele), 1.21 (95% CI, 1.09-1.34); P(trend) = 0.0003]. The adjusted association was stronger for men who were diagnosed before the age of 65 years [OR(per allele), 1.47 (95% CI, 1.20-1.79); P(trend) = 0.0001] or had a family history [OR(per allele) = 1.57 (95% CI, 1.11-2.23); P(trend) = 0.0114], and was strongest in those with both characteristics [OR(per allele) = 2.31 (95% CI, 1.07-5.07), P-interaction = 0.005]. Increased risks were observed among men in the top tertile of circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels [OR(per allele) = 1.46 (95% CI, 1.04-2.06); P(trend) = 0.075]. No differences were observed with disease aggressiveness (Gleason grade >or=8 or stage T(3)/T(4) or fatal). In conclusion, we observed a significant association between PIK3C2B and prostate cancer risk, especially for familial, early-onset disease, which may be attributable to IGF-dependent PI3K signaling.
Evaluation of Biomaterials Using Micro-Computerized Tomography (2008)

Micro‐computed tomography or Micro‐CT is a high resolution, non‐invasive, x‐ray scanning technique that allows precise three‐dimensional imaging and quantification of micro‐architectural and structural parameters of objects. Tomographic reconstruction is based on a cone‐beam convolution‐back‐projection algorithm. Micro‐architectural and structural parameters such as porosity, surface area to volume ratio, interconnectivity, pore size, wall thickness, anisotropy and cross‐section area of biomaterials and bio‐specimens such as trabecular bone, polymer scaffold, bio‐ceramics and dental restorative were evaluated through imaging and computer aided manipulation of the object scan data sets.
Computing Bayesian Cramer-Rao bounds (2005)

An efficient message-passing algorithm for computing the Bayesian Cramer-Rao bound (BCRB) for general estimation problems is presented. The BCRB is a lower bound on the mean squared estimation error. The algorithm operates on a cycle-free factor graph of the system at hand. It can be applied to estimation in (1) general state-space models; (2) coupled state-space models and other systems that are most naturally represented by cyclic factor graphs; (3) coded systems
Pyrazino[2,3‐c]‐1,2,6‐thiadiazine 2,2‐dioxides. Synthesis of SO<sub>2</sub> analogues of folic acid antagonists (1991)

Abstract The synthesis of novel analogues of foric acid (FA) antagonists derived from the pyrazino[2,3‐c]‐1,2,6‐thiadiazine 2,2‐dioxide system incorporating the glutamic acid side chain at the 7‐position is described. No significant DHFR inhibition of cytotoxic activity has been found with these compounds.
Dual-polarization large scan angle broadband thick-metal FSS. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Electro‐fermentation triggering population selection in mixed‐culture glycerol fermentation (2017)

Electro-fermentation is a new technique that could be used to influence the global metabolism in mixed-culture fermentation. In this study, a mixed-culture cathodic electro-fermentation of glycerol was investigated. Both microbial community structure and metabolic patterns were altered when compared to standard fermentation. This microbial population shift was more significant when the working electrodes were pre-colonized by Geobacter sulfurreducens, before electro-fermentation. The electro-fermenting microbial community was more efficient for producing 1,3-propanediol with an improved yield of 10% when compared with fermentation controls. Such improvement did not require high energy and total electron input represented < 1% of the total electron equivalents provided only by glycerol. A linear model was developed to estimate the individual metabolic pattern of each operational taxonomic unit. Application of this model compared to the experimental results suggests that the changes in global metabolism were supported by bacterial population selection rather than individual metabolism shift. This study shows for the first time that both fermentation pattern and bacterial community composition can be influenced by electro-fermentation conditions.
Improving the chance of recovery from the short- and long-term consequences of depression (2003)

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common, chronic disorder that requires long-term management. Although effective treatments are available, MDD frequently remains undiagnosed. Furthermore, once recognized, treatment duration and dosage are often inadequate and adherence to medication is often poor. However, adequate acute phase treatment of MDD is essential to reduce symptomatology, and improve quality of life and the clinical course. After remission, treatment should be continued for 4–9 months to consolidate the remission and prevent relapse. For patients who do not respond adequately to their initial antidepressant therapy, switching or augmentation of therapy may be necessary. Many patients suffer residual symptomatology, even when classified as being in remission. In addition to the suffering and impairment that this causes, residual symptomatology is associated with a high rate of relapse. Clinicians should strive to achieve asymptomatic recovery both in terms of core symptomatology and psychosocial disability. This requires appropriate treatment at therapeutic doses for a sufficient duration; education and support to promote patient compliance with treatment; and regular monitoring and prompt intervention for patients with symptoms that persist even at subsyndromal levels. In conclusion, there remains considerable scope for improving the identification, treatment and management of patients with MDD.