gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A winter epidemic of poliomyelitis in Saint-Augustin, Que. III. Laboratory studies. (1958)

Certains symboles n'ont pas pu etre reproduit. Pour le resume complet, consultez le document original. Une epidemie de poliomyelite est apparue en 1950 pendant la saison plus froide dans un village isole du nord-est de la Province du Quebec. a cette occasion, on a observe des paralysies chez 4.4% de la population. Les formes menigees et les formes abortives ont ete frequentes. L'epidemie n'a atteint que les enfants âges de 2 a 14 ans. Deux semaines apres l'apparition du premier cas paralytique, nous avons preleve 333 echantillons de serum et 41 echantillons de selles des habitants de ce village; 2 ans apres l'epidemie nous avons preleve 347 echantillons de serum et 24 echantillons de selle. Les recherches de laboratoire nous ont montre que, pendant l'epidemie, 90% des enfants ont heberge le virus poliomyelitique du type 1 dans leur intestin. Deux ans apres l'epidemie nous n'avons trouve aucun virus poliomyelitique du type 1 dans 24 echantillons etudies. Les recherches serologiques nous ont montre que presque toute la population a acquis des anticorps contre le type 1 et 2. Chez deux enfants nous avons pu prelever le premier echantillon de sang 4 jours avant l'apparition des premiers symptomes. Ces deux enfants etaient depourvus des anticorps du type 1. Par contre, un mois apres l'apparition des paralysies, nous avons observe dans le serum de ces deux enfants un titre eleve des anticorps du type 1. Les recherches d'epidemiologie serologique nous ont montre que, 11 ans avant l'epidemie de 1950, la population de Saint-Augustin a souffert d'une epidemie causee par le virus poliomyelitique type 2. Cette epidemie, en plus du taux eleve d'anticorps du type 2, a laisse une resistance contre le virus poliomyelitique type 1. Abstract Some symbols could not be reproduce. For the full abstract, see the original document. It was found that during a winter epidemic in an isolated village, 90 percent of the population harboured typ ! poliomyelitis virus. Two years after the epidemic almost 100 percent of the population had type 1 polio antibodies in their blood. Only children born after the epidemic had type 1 poliomyelitis antibodies to a lesser degree. From the serological epidemiology it was possible to prove that 11 years previous to the type 1 epidemic, there had been another type 2 poliomyelitis epidemic. This epidemic left not only a high level of type 2 polio antibodies but also a reistance to type 1 poliovirus.
Improved Efficiency of 17.4% for Ultra-Thin mc-Si Solar Cells With Nano-Particulate Anti-Reflection Coatings (2008)

In this paper, we present a highly efficient ultra-thin multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar cell with novel anti-reflection coatings. For improving the efficiency, new anti-reflection coatings and aluminum paste for screen printing were developed. The anti-reflection coatings were deposited from a dispersion of colloidal MgF2 and ZrO2 onto accomplished solar cells. The morphology of the particulate film was changed by deposition method, contributing the change of the refractive index. The reflection spectra of the solar cells after coating of the particulate films were successfully lowered with respect to those before depositions. As the result, short circuit current of the solar cells were improved. Together with the anti-reflection coatings, new aluminum paste for screen printing for rear electrode was utilized for ultra-thin mc-Si wafers. As the result, 17.4% in conversion efficiency was achieved with 100-m-thick mc-Si wafer in industrial size of 15 cm x 15 cm was achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Platinum‐Enamine Complexes by Reaction of Zeise′s Salt with Secondary Amines. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Joint operations planning for the Midcourse Space Experiment Satellite (1995)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Alternative modes of enkephalin biosynthesis regulation by reserpine and cyclic AMP in cultured chromaffin cells. (1984)

Exposure of bovine chromaffin cells in primary culture to 5 microM reserpine or 25 microM forskolin results in an increase in enkephalin peptide levels within 24-48 hr; 25 microM forskolin (or cholera toxin at 50 micrograms/ml) causes a 1.5- to 2-fold increase in enkephalin peptide levels, which is maximal after 48 hr of exposure and is totally blocked by addition of cycloheximide (0.5 microgram/ml). Reserpine (5 microM) elicits a 1.5- to 2-fold increase in enkephalin peptide levels within 24 hr, which is only partially blocked by cycloheximide. Chromatographic analysis of cellular extracts shows that forskolin increases levels of both [Met]enkephalin pentapeptide and high molecular weight enkephalin-containing peptides, while reserpine causes an increase in [Met]enkephalin pentapeptide and a concomitant decrease in high molecular weight enkephalin-containing peptides, suggesting enhanced conversion of enkephalin precursor(s) to the mature polypeptide hormone. Measurement of preproenkephalin messenger RNA (mRNAenk) by RNA blot hybridization with a cDNA probe for mRNAenk reveals that forskolin and cholera toxin cause a relatively rapid (less than 17 hr) 3- to 5-fold increase in mRNAenk, while exposure to reserpine elicits a gradual decrease in enkephalin mRNA (a 50%-80% decline) beginning within 24 hr and continuing over a 72-hr period. These results suggest that forskolin and reserpine differentially regulate enkephalin biosynthesis in cultured chromaffin cells, the former by increasing, presumably via a cAMP-dependent mechanism, cellular mRNA coding for preproenkephalin and the latter by a post-translational increase in proenkephalin processing.
ASSESSMENT OF TISSUE OPTICAL CLEARING AS A FUNCTION OF GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY (2010)

One of the major challenges in imaging biological tissues using optical techniques, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), is the lack of light penetration due to highly turbid structures within the tissue. Optical clearing techniques enable the biological samples to be more optically homogeneous, allowing for deeper penetration of light into the tissue. This study investigates the effect of optical clearing utilizing various concentrations of glucose solution (10%, 30%, and 50%) on porcine skin. A gold-plated mirror was imaged beneath the tissue and percentage clearing was determined by monitoring the change in reflected light intensity from the mirror over time. The ratio of percentage clearing per tissue thickness for 10%, 30% and 50% glucose was determined to be 4.7 ± 1.6% mm(-1) (n = 6), 10.6 ± 2.0% mm(-1) (n = 7) and 21.8 ± 2.2% mm(-1) (n = 5), respectively. It was concluded that while higher glucose concentration has the highest optical clearing effect, a suitable concentration should be chosen for the purpose of clearing, considering the osmotic stress on the tissue sample.
Hydrogen Storage in Carbon SWNTs: Atomic or Molecular? (2002)

The atomistic nature of hydrogen storage in carbon SWNTs has been investigated by thermal desorption spectroscopy utilizing mass spectrometry. The partial pressures of desorbed H2, D2 and HD have been simultaneously recorded after sample loading with a 1:1 mixture of H2 and D2 gases. The amount of desorbed HD molecules approaches the ratio 2:1:1 for HD:H2:D2 in the case of atomic storage. In the case of molecular storage the concentration of HD approaches the background level. It was found that hydrogen isotopes are stored as atoms in SWNT samples containing transition metals from either sample production (Ni, Fe, …) and/or activation (opening) process (Ni, Fe, Ti, …). Purified SWNTs store hydrogen in the molecular state, if any.
Double closed-loop hybrid fiber gyroscope using digital phase ramp (1985)

It is now well-established that the use of a reciprocal configuration (1) gives a very good bias stability (2, 3, 4) to fiber gyroscopes. It has been shown that a double Y junction has a lack of spatial rejection which limits the performances of the system (5). Furthermore the usual biaising phase modulation technique (1) gives a rate signal with a sine response. Closed-loop signal processing techniques which linearize and stabilize the scale factor are a very important subject of concern.
Hypothermia in Preterm Infants in the First Hours after Birth: Occurrence, Course and Risk Factors (2016)

Hypothermia occurred often and for a long period in preterm infants in the first three hours of life, low gestational age and admission temperature were independent risk factors.
A Comparative Study of Carbide Tools in Drilling of CFRP and CFRP-Ti Stacks (2011)

A comparative study was conducted to investigate drilling of a titanium (Ti) plate stacked on a carbon fiber reinforced plastic panel. The effects on tool wear and hole quality in drilling using micrograin tungsten carbide (WC) tools were analyzed. The experiments were designed to first drill CFRP alone to create 20 holes. Then CFRP-Ti stacks were drilled for the next 20 holes with the same drill bit. This process was repeated until drill failure. The drilling was done with tungsten carbide (WC) twist drills at two different speeds (high and low). The feed rate was kept the same for each test, but differs for each material drilled. A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM), were used for tool wear analysis. Hole size and profile, surface roughness, and Ti burrs were analyzed using a coordinate measuring system, profilometer, and an optical microscope with a digital measuring device. The experimental results indicate that the Ti drilling accelerated WC flank wear while CFRP drilling deteriorated the cutting edge. Entry delamination, hole diameter errors, and surface roughness of the CFRP plate became more pronounced during drilling of CFRP-Ti stacks, when compared with the results from CFRP only drilling. Damage to CFRP holes during CFRP-Ti stack drilling may be caused by Ti chips, Ti adhesion on the tool outer edge, and increased instability as the drill bits wear.
An updatable three-dimensional display via direct optical fringe writing of computer - generated holographic stereograms in photorefractive polymer (2012)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2012.
Inhibition of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase by purine nucleoside analogues. (1983)

To find out potent inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHase), several deazaadenosine analogues synthesized in this laboratory and some naturally occurring nucleoside analogues were examined with SAHases from yellow lupin seeds and rabbit liver. Neplanocin A, an antibiotic, inhibited both enzymes more potently than aristeromycin which was also an antibiotic and known as one of the most potent inhibitors of SAHase. The 3-deazaadenine derivatives (2'-deoxy, arabinosyl, xylosyl) inactivated lupin SAHase as potent as 3-deazaadenosine. Whereas, inhibitory activities of 1-deazaadenosine, its derivatives, and 7-deazaadenosine (tubercidin) were very weak.
Epidemiology of otologic diagnoses in<scp>U</scp>nited<scp>S</scp>tates emergency departments (2015)

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ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cephalosporins Carrying Isoxazolyl Acetamido and Related Side Chains. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
764. The photolysis of 3-methylcar-4-en-2-one (1964)

A. J. Bellamy and G. H. Whitham, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 4035 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640004035
Frequency-specific and D <sub>2</sub> receptor-mediated inhibition of glutamate release by retrograde endocannabinoid signaling (2006)

The mechanisms underlying modulation of corticostriatal synaptic transmission by D2-like receptors (D2Rs) have been controversial. A recent study suggested that D2Rs inhibit glutamate release at this synapse, but only during high-frequency synaptic activation. Because the release of postsynaptic endocannabinoids (eCBs), which act as retrograde messengers to inhibit presynaptic glutamate release, can be triggered by D2R activation and intense synaptic activation, such a mechanism could mediate dopaminergic modulation of corticostriatal transmission. Here, we show that D2R activation reduces excitatory transmission onto striatal medium spiny neurons at a stimulation frequency of 20 Hz but not at 1 Hz. This form of inhibition requires CB1 receptor activation, as evidenced by the fact that it is blocked by AM251 [N-(piperidin-1-yl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide], a CB1 antagonist, and is absent in CB1 knockout mice. It is also blocked by postsynaptic intracellular calcium chelation, by group I metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonism, and by inhibition of postsynaptic phospholipase C. These results demonstrate a previously unrecognized role for retrograde eCB signaling in reversible and frequency-specific inhibition of glutamate release by the activation of striatal D2Rs.
Efficient Chemical Conversion of Louisianin A to C and D, The Inhibitor of Angiogenesis. (1997)

Louisianins A to D were isolated from the fermentation broth of Strepiomyces sp. WK-4028. Amongthe components, louisianin A (1) remarkably inhibited the growth of testosterone-responsive Shionogi carcinoma SC 115 cells in the presence of 10~7m testosterone with an IC50 value of 0.6/ig/ml 1>2). On the other hand, louisianin C (5) and D (6) showed only a slight inhibitory activity on the growth of testosterone-responsive SC 1 1 5 cells.
Development of Al/FeS2 secondary cells using n-butyl pyridinium chloride-AlCl3 electrolytes. (1985)

Al/FeS2 secondary cells have been investigated as a candidate of specific energy batteries. In this study, the organic electrolyte, i. e., n-butyl pyridinium chloride (n-BPC)-AlCl3, was used to get an adherent Al deposit and to operate the cell at around room temperatures. The cell with the electrolyte of [n-BPC]/[AlCl3]=1 had a high open circuit voltage of 2.5V, while in the case of other composition electrolytes the voltages were about 2.0V. Various additives to the FeS2 electrode were studied to improve the cell performance. The 45wt% graphite and 18mol% Cu2S additives were the most promising. The cells with Al alloys (5052, 6063, or Al-0.05%In) as the negative electrode also had the high voltage and high capacity. The cyclic voltammetry and the rotating ring-disk electrode measurements were performed to analyze the electrochemical reaction of the positive electrode. It was assumed that the intermediates, S2- and S2-n, are formed during the cathodic reaction of FeS2.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Direct Generation of Episelenonium Ions from Alkenes. An Efficient New Procedure for Effecting Selenylative Arene‐Alkene Carboannulations. (1986)

Abstract The aralkene derivatives (I) react with N‐phenylseleno‐succinimide (II) in the presence of Lewis acids to give the tetralines (III).
ONE STEP DIMERIZATION OF LINEAR FURANOCOUMARINS (2002)

ABSTRACT The one step annular dimerisation of naturally occuring linear furanocoumarins has been effected in 70–85% yield by PPA-SiO2. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are thankful to Prof. Rajive Gupta, H.O.D. Chemistry Jammu University for laboratory facilities and to Dr. V. Kachroo, IIT Delhi for some spectral facilities.
Modulation of the Immune Response by Plasma Protease Inhibitors (1982)

In two different cytolytic assays, dose-dependent inhibition of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and natural killing by alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2m) and its subunits was observed. Alpha 2m subunits were approximately four times more inhibitory in both assays than the native alpha 2m molecule on a molar basis. Analysis of trypsin protein esterase activity demonstrated that alpha 2 subunits were four times more active than the parent molecule.
Personalisierter Technikeinsatz – Zukunftsperspektive gesundheitlicher Prävention? (2009)

Einleitung Demografische Entwicklungen, Kosten- und Ressourcenprobleme werden die sozialen und gesundheitsbezogenen Sicherungssysteme fundamental verändern. Eine stärkere Gewichtung präventiver Maßnahmen erscheint dabei naheliegend und sinnvoll. Gesundheitliche Prävention in sämtlichen Formen – insbesondere in privater bzw. häuslicher Umgebung – lässt sich durch Technik unterstützen. Konzepte wie “Personal Health”, „Intelligentes Wohnen” und “Ambient Assisted Living” beinhalten entsprechende Optionen.
Making progress on the global crisis of obesity and weight management (2018)

Food and obesity are undoubtedly linked but the relation is complex. Michael Lean and colleagues discuss what we know, and what we don’t know, about weight management Obesity is an unsolved crisis, generating long term distress and disabilities, reducing human capital, and increasing disease burdens and healthcare costs globally. Obesity has a complex aetiology, incurring controversies within both scientific and media arenas.1 Poor education and socioeconomic situations are important drivers of severe obesity, confounding country analyses by racial or ethnic groups. Data collected by EUROSTAT show wide variations in prevalences of people with a body mass index (BMI) >30 across European states.2 Age is important: by age 65-70, as many as 40% of all people in the UK reach a BMI >30, and 80% have a BMI >25.3 Many with BMI >30 will experience secondary medical consequences, although overall life expectancies of populations have increased steadily despite obesity and the disabilities it brings. Many factors have been associated with weight gain, difficulty achieving and maintaining weight loss, and secondary medical consequences of obesity. Some have causal influences, many are innocent bystanders, and some have no basis in science. We focus on those related to food. The energy equation—that calories consumed=calories expended +/- calories stored (as body fat or glycogen)—is always true. Obesity develops if absorbed dietary energy (calories) from foods exceeds energy expenditure for a considerable period (box 1). Similarly, excess body fat is lost if energy intake falls below expenditure. However, numerous multilevel factors contribute to determining energy expenditure, intake, and absorption, and small mismatches with food consumption over a long period can lead to large cumulative weight changes. Box 1 ### Energy balance explained Each kg of adipose tissue contains about 7000 kcal. Thus consuming just 100 kcal a day more than energy expenditure for a year could result in a … RETURN TO TEXT
ChemInform Abstract: Steroidal A Ring Aryl Carboxylic Acids: A New Class of Steroid 5α‐Reductase Inhibitors. (1990)

Abstract The 17β‐carbamoylestratriene‐3‐carboxylate (VIII) is prepared from estrone (I) by sequential introduction of carboxylate‐derived moieties at C‐3 and C‐17 using palladium(0) catalyzed carbonyl insertion.
Agenesis of bilateral internal carotid arteries and posterior fossa abnormality in a patient with facial capillary hemangioma: presumed incomplete phenotypic expression of PHACE syndrome. (2006)

PHACE syndrome is a neurocutaneous syndrome with the following features: posterior fossa malformations of the brain, large facial hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, cardiac anomalies and aortic coarctation, and eye abnormalities. We report a rare case of bilateral internal carotid artery agenesis with transcranial collaterals from the external carotid arteries and agenesis of the vertebrobasilar system in a possible PHACE syndrome. We suggest that the patient had an incomplete phenotypic expression of the PHACE syndrome. Although the phenotypic spectrum is broad and is still largely unexplored, the extent of the cephalic neural crest cells insulted genetically or by other causes at a certain time during the development of the embryo might explain the variable phenotypic expression of PHACE syndrome.
A practical framework for ethics (2013)

Research involving public displays often faces the need to study the effects of a deployment in the wild. While many organizations have institutionalized processes for ensuring ethical compliance of such human subject experiments, these may fail to stimulate sufficient awareness for ethical issues among all project members. Some organizations even require such assessments only for medical research, leaving computer scientists without any incentive to consider and reflect on their study design and data collection practices. Faced with similar problems in the context of the EU-funded PD-Net project, we have implemented a step-by-step ethics process that aims at providing structured yet lightweight guidance to all project members both stimulating the design of ethical user studies, as well as providing continuous documentation. This paper describes our process and reports on 3 years of experience using it. All materials are publicly available and we hope that other projects in the area of public displays, and beyond, will adopt them to suit their particular needs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hexameric Macrocyclic Architectures in Heterocyclic Chemistry (2010)

Abstract Review: ca. 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Preparation and Selected Birch Reduction‐Alkylations of 3, 4‐Dihydro‐4,5‐dialkyl‐2‐benzopyran‐1‐ones. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A First-Principles Approach to Studying the Thermal Stability of Oxide Cathode Materials (2006)

We present a new method for predicting the thermodynamics of thermal degradation of charged cathode materials for rechargeable Li batteries and demonstrate it on three cathode materials, LixNiO2, LixCoO2, and LixMn2O4. The decomposition of LixNiO2 is a two-step process: the first step is a kinetically controlled exothermic conversion in which the layered structure transforms to the stable spinel structure. The second step is an endothermic decomposition of the spinel into a rocksalt phase, accompanied by the loss of oxygen. The heat generation for the overall reaction from the layered to the rocksalt structure is exothermic when x < 0.5 and endothermic when x > 0.5. From the calculated phase diagram, a similar mechanism is expected for LixCoO2, but the high migration barrier for Co may inhibit the layered-to-spinel transformation and lead to decomposition into LiCoO2 and Co3O4. For the stable spinel LiMn2O4, high temperature is needed to provide enough thermodynamic driving force for its endothermic decomposition reaction. The fully charged λ-Mn2O4 transforms kinetically into the stable phase β-MnO2 first and then decomposes at elevated temperature into the lower-valence oxides, α-Mn2O3 and Mn3O4. The calculated decomposition heat for the three systems is in good agreement with experiments. When present, the electrolyte can act as a sink for the oxygen released from the cathode. Although oxygen release from the cathode is generally endothermic, its combustion with the electrolyte leads to a highly exothermic reaction.