gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Appendix F: Program 6. SCOUT — Simplicial Continuation Utilities (2003)

P6.1 Introduction SCOUT is a program which implements a series of algorithms based on ideas described in chapter 12 concerning PL continuation methods. The problem to be solved numerically is a nonlinear fixed point or eigenvalue problem, i. e. to find the zeros of F : RN ×R→ RN , (x,λ) ↦F (x,λ) . More precisely, the following is a list of the various problem areas that are handled by SCOUT. Continuation. SCOUT traces a path of zeros of F using the Generic PL Continuation Algorithm (12.3.9). Start. For the start of the continuation algorithm a first completely labeled simplex must be provided. Usually an educated guess for a zero of F can be given by the user. Given that information, the program tries to construct a start of the algorithm near the guess. Refinement. The almost identical problem occurs when the mesh size of the triangulation is changed. One may want to reduce the mesh size to increase the precision of the approximation of the zeros of F, or one might enlarge the mesh size to speed up the method. In any case, the algorithm may start out from the current approximation to generate a new completely labeled simplex of the new triangulation nearby. Predictor-Corrector. The PL method is considered as slow, as it does not exploit smoothness of solution paths by taking larger steps where possible but rather steadily grinds its way through a triangulation. This short-coming may be overcome to some extent by superimposing a predictor-corrector scheme onto the basic PL algorithm. For each corrector step an initial guess for a point of the PL approximation of is provided by the predictor step.
Localization of noise bursts in the median plane: Effects of duration and level (2002)

Previous research has revealed that human sound localization in the median sagittal and in the front/back dimension may depend on the listener’s ability to reliably extract information regarding characteristic peaks and notches of the source spectrum upon reaching the ears. While long-duration sounds are well localized using spectral cues, the processing of spectral cues for sounds of short duration appears to be degraded. The mechanisms involved in ‘‘image formation’’ in the localization process, and the relative importance of sound duration and level are not well understood. In the present study, the effect of signal duration and level on localization performance, with an emphasis on the median-sagittal plane were systematically explored. Three types of stimuli, clicks, noises, and trains of frozen and random noise bursts encompassing the same time period as the noises, with different duration and at various levels, were randomly presented to the loudspeakers. Subjects were blindfolded, but were instructed to move their heads as necessary, to maximize their confidence regarding source position judgment. Results will be discussed in relation to possible mechanisms employed by the auditory system to utilize spectrally shaped cues in the localization process. [Work supported by NIDCD Grant Nos. R29 DC03083 and P01 DC 00116.]
Omnidirectional free-space optical receiver architecture (2013)

Free Space Optical (FSO) communication is the fusion of wireless technology and optical fiber communications systems. It has the potential of providing fiber optic data rates without the physical restraints of optical fiber cables. This endeavor presents a novel receiver structure with potential for omnidirectional free space optical communications. Interesting approaches for accomplishing omnidirectional free space lasercomm such as direct detection and solar blind non-line of sight UV scattering have been reported over the last few years. However, these technologies have resulted in limited distances of the order of 10 to 100 meters and data rates often limited to less than 1 Mb/s. This endeavor reports the architecture of an omnidirectional receiver setup by integrating an off the shelf detector and a fiber bundle, where the fiber bundle couples omnidirectional photons within its field of view and delivers these photons to the detector. The coupling of light from all directions into a detector is regulated by the cone of the acceptance angle of the fiber. Multiple fibers with overlapping acceptance angles provide the necessary coverage that may be needed to extract the optical signal from the free space optical channel. Simulated results showing the normalized power pattern of the system is presented to demonstrate omnidirectional potential of the structure. Theoretical power level versus distance plot for an FSO System employing On-O Keying (OOK) is also presented.
Quantitative Detection of Low Energy Impact Damage in a Sandwich Composite UAV Wing (2008)

This work describes damage detection efforts applied to a foam core composite wing following a series of low energy impacts in adjacent locations. The wing is a sandwich composite, composed of 4 layers of woven carbon fiber fabric surrounding a short aluminum core in the center (where it’s connected to the fuselage) and a foam core for the outer portions of the wing. The wing measures 1320 mm. × 152.4 mm. × 13.4 mm and has an airfoil cross-section. Thirteen impacts (6 – 8 J deposited energy) were applied at adjacent locations approximately 1/3 of the way out from the center. Following one or two impacts, the wing was tested using static tip deflection and dynamic vibrational excitation. Static and dynamic strains were measured using 8 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. Dynamic acceleration was also monitored using 3 conventional accelerometers. Dynamic excitation included the output of a Lorenz oscillator (0 – ∼150 Hz), simulated gust loading (0 – 150 Hz), and Gaussian white noise (0 – 1500 Hz). The analysis is a quantitative assessment of response nonlinearity based on the assumption that the undamaged wing behaves linearly and that the damage introduces nonlinearity into the vibrational response.
AEuAsS<sub>3</sub> (A = Li, K, Rb, and Cs): New As<sup>3+</sup> Species from an Arsenic-Rich Polysulfide Flux (2008)

Four europium compounds, LiEuAsS 3 ( I), KEuAsS 3 ( IIa), RbEuAsS 3 ( IIb), and CsEuAsS 3 ( IIc), containing As (3+) were synthesized in molten alkali-metal polysulfide salts. An As-rich flux was found to be necessary to stabilize the pyramidal building unit [AsS 3] (3-). All crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2 1/ c with two new structure types. Compound I features a new coordination mode for the [AsS 3] (3-) unit and three-dimensional [Eu(AsS 3)] (-) framework. Compounds IIa- c are isostructural and feature a layer of [Eu(AsS 3)] (-) with an unusual mu 5-sulfide anion in a umbrella-like geometry. The compounds are paramagnetic semiconductors with an energy gap of approximately 2.0 eV.
Alveolar epithelial changes in rabbits after a 21-day exposure to 60% O2 (1987)

This study characterizes the biochemical and physiological effects of prolonged exposure of rabbits to sublethal (60%) O2 concentrations. After 3 wk in 60% O2, rabbits had arterial PO2 values of 69 +/- 2 vs. 79 +/- 3 Torr for control animals (means +/- SE; P less than 0.05) and a small but significant rise in pulmonary wet weight-to-dry weight ratios (5.6 +/- 0.3 vs. 4.1 +/- 0.3; P less than 0.05). Alveolar permeability to solute, lung compliance, total lung capacity, and alveolar protein levels were unchanged from control, but the amount of lavagable alveolar phospholipid was 90% higher in the O2-exposed rabbits. The lipid biosynthetic ability of isolated alveolar type II pneumocytes, measured by radiolabeled precursor [3H]choline incorporation, indicated that type II cells isolated from hyperoxic animals synthesized phosphatidylcholine at a rate 110% higher than those from control animals. Laser flow cytometric analyses of isolated type II cells showed a significant increase in type II cell diameter, based on time-of-flight measurements, and an average 60% increase in lipid content per cell, based on phosphine-3R fluorescence intensity. These findings indicate that exposure to 60% O2 for 21 days results in a decrease in arterial PO2 and induces several important biochemical and morphological changes in alveolar type II pneumocytes.
A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF PYRROLO|3,4-c|QUINOLINES (2003)

A new route to the pyrrele{-S,4-c]quinoline ring system has been developed. The synthesis proceeds stereoselective^ in three steps, using 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides as a key step. First, a series of 4-aryl-pyrrolidine-3carboxylic acid has been prepared from the appropriate cinnamic esters and a non-stabilised azomethine ylide. The reduction of nitro group on the aromatic ring was followed by the acid catalyzed intramolecular lactame formation.
DPPH Free Radical Scavenger Components from the Fruits of Alpinia rafflesiana Wall. ex. Bak. (Zingiberaceae) (2004)

The methanol extract of the dried ripe fruits of Alpinia rafflesiana was investigated for its DPPH free radical scavenger constituents. 2',3',4',6'-Tetrahydroxychalcone (7), which has never been isolated from natural sources was found to be most active as a DPPH free radical scavenger with the IC50 value of 55 microM. Other known compounds isolated from this species include 5,6-dehydrokawain (1), flavokawin B (2). 1,7-diphenyl-5-hydroxy-6-hepten-3-one (3), (-)-pinocembrin (4), cardamonin (5) and (-)-pinostrobin (6). The DPPH free radical scavenger compounds were detected using TLC autographic analysis. The percentage inhibition of DPPH free radical scavenging activity was measured on isolates (5-7) using colorimetric analysis.
Radiation-induced Perturbations in Blood-Brain Barrier and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in the Rabbit Brain (1990)

Author(s): Lo, E.H.; Frankel, K.A.; Steinberg, G.K.; Kunis, D.M.; DeLaPaz, R.L.; Poljak, A.; Fabrikant, J.I.
Performance evaluation of laser communication equipment onboard the ETS-VI satellite (1996)

Communications Research Laboratory (CRL) developed laser communication equipment (LCE) onboard the engineering test satellite VI(ETS-VI) and a ground system for establishment of basic technologies in optical intersatellite communications. The experiments using a ground-to-space laser link started on December 1994. In the paper, preliminary evaluation for the performance of LCE is presented based on a part of experimental data. Included in the paper are a brief description of operation and data acquisition system, acquisition, tracking and pointing subsystem performance, and communication subsystem performance.
<i>In vivo</i> mechanical and histological characteristics of HA‐coated implants vary with coating vendor (1995)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interface attachment strength and histology of hydroxylapatite (HA) coated and uncoated titanium and cobalt-chromium alloy implants. The canine transcortical plug model was utilized. Four different hydroxylapatite coatings were evaluated. In vitro analysis confirmed that all coatings met FDA guidelines for HA coatings. An unspecified FDA parameter, porosity was found to range from 5-15%. Mechanical testing of the bone-implant interface demonstrated large variation in the performance of the coatings. However, further evaluation of two of the coatings did not demonstrate variations in mechanical characteristics. The histologic findings confirmed the mechanical testing results. The coatings which demonstrated the best mechanical characteristics had excellent bone apposition and uniformity and maintenance of the HA coating at all time periods upon histologic evaluation. Conversely, the coatings which demonstrated inferior mechanical characteristics demonstrated variable amounts of bone apposition and moderate to severe coating degradation and breakup. Cell-mediated osteolysis was observed in regions of severe coating degradation, and particle migration was noted in regions far from the interface. It was hoped that the four coatings would behave similarly as they all met current FDA guidelines. The only parameter which differed significantly among the coatings was coating porosity. Our results indicate that coatings with large porosities were associated with increased coating degradation and poor mechanical performance and osteolysis at the bone-coating interface.
The growth of <i>Mycobacterium convolutum</i> on solid <i>n</i>-alkane substrates: effect on cellular lipid composition (1978)

Growth rates and cell yields of Mycobacterium convolutum strain R22 grown on a wide range of both odd- and even-numbered carbon solid n-alkanes decreased as the substrate carbon number increased. Cellular lipid was 2.5 times higher following growth on the hydrocarbon substrates. The amount of polar lipid was found to be about half of the cellular lipid in docosane through octacosane-grown cells. Phosphatidylethanolamine represented about 50% of the polar phospholipid in hydrocarbon- and nonhydrocarbon-grown cells. Phosphatidylserine, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidic acid were also found. The amount of phosphatidylserine was higher (10–14%) in docosane through octacosane-grown cells. There was a correspondingly smaller amount of diphosphatidylglycerol. These lipid changes may be associated with the assimilation of the hydrophobic substrates. The failure to detect label in lipids of solid n-alkane-grown cells incubated in the presence of [ 14 C]acetate suggested that de novo synthesis of fatty acids did not occur to an appreciable extent. Transport of [ 14 C]acetate and incorporation into cellular protein was not inhibited. Polar lipid fatty acid analyses indicated there was no direct incorporation of the oxidized substrate. The results suggest that β-oxidation and a subterminal oxidative cleavage appear to be the major catabolic routes providing fatty acids, which are then incorporated into lipid.
Correction: Maternal deprivation induces alterations in cognitive and cortical function in adulthood (2018)

The original version of this Article omitted the author Maureen M. Timm from the Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Viral Shedding and Clinical Illness in Naturally Acquired Influenza Virus Infections (2010)

Our results suggest that "silent spreaders" (ie, individuals who are infectious while asymptomatic or presymptomatic) may be less important in the spread of influenza epidemics than previously thought.
Living Character of Polymer Chains Prepared via Nitroxide-Mediated Controlled Free-Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate in the Presence of a Small Amount of Styrene at Low Temperature (2006)

This article follows a previous study (Macromolecules 2005, 38, 5485) demonstrating that the nitroxide SG1-mediated polymerization of methyl methacrylate can be achieved at 90 °C with high conversion and high quality of control by introducing a small amount of styrene. In this work, the resulting polymer was characterized and the presence of SG1-based alkoxyamine at the polymer chain-end was identified, supporting the livingness of the macromolecules. In particular, it was shown that the alkoxyamine end group was connected to a single styrene terminal unit and that the methyl methacrylate penultimate unit had a strong effect on the temperature of dissociation. Consequently, the copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with a low molar proportion of styrene could be performed at temperatures below 90 °C. The polymer was also used as an efficient macroinitiator in the polymerization of styrene and n-butyl acrylate, to form methyl methacrylate-based block copolymers.
Registration and analysis of in-vivo multispectral images for correction of motion and comparison in time (2006)

In-vivo image-based multi-spectral images have typical problems in image acquisition, registration, visualization and analysis. As its spatial and spectral axes do not have the same unit, standard image algorithms often do not apply. The image size is often so large that it is hard to analyze them interactively. In a clinical setting, image motion will always occur during the acquisition times up to 30 seconds, since most (elderly) patients often have difficulty to retain their poses. In this paper, we discuss how the acquisition, registration, display and analysis can be optimized for in-vivo multi-spectral images.
<title>Large Area Contrast Prediction In Screen-Film Systems</title> (1980)

A method for the prediction of radiographic contrast rendered by screen-film systems is described. The observed invariance of H & D curve shape with x-ray energy is used to postulate the existence of a single characteristicyrve for a given system. Densities are then described from this curve in terms of an effective exposure S(E)0(E)dE, where S(E) and 0(E) are the energy dependent sensitivity of the system and the x-ray spectral fluence respectively. We used two experiments to demonstrate the validity of this approach for typical screen-film systems. Contrast predictions based on fs(E)o(E)dE were made for screen-film systems having different phosphor materials. Results, which show contrast advantages for calcium tungstate systems in the no scatter case are consistent with the calculations of others based on screen x-ray energy absorption.
Multi-mode relay simulations: An energy evaluation on WSNet (2011)

Relaying provides one of the most interesting solutions to reduce the energy consumption for both the terminals and the network. However, energy evaluation requires a high degree of realism. This paper introduces a realistic energy model to evaluate the energy consumption of multi-mode Software Defined Radios terminals, from a physical layer point of view. It explains the development of multi-mode modules for WSNet, a precise network simulator. It presents WSNet as a pertinent tool to evaluate the energy consumption of an 802.15.4-to-802.11g relay, and shows that multi-mode relaying does not always lead to energy reductions.
Cryogenic machining and cooling capabilities when applying liquefied nitrogen to the machining zone (2016)

This paper presents the influence of nitrogen fluid phase on surface heat transfer coefficient in cryogenic machining. A novel optical nitrogen phase sensor is presented for characterizing the cryogenic fluid phase. Surface heat transfer coefficient was established experimentally, with the support of a new heat transfer model for cryogenic machining. Finite element models are developed with experimental data for Inconel 718, simulating the process behavior with varying nitrogen phases. Desired fluid phase at the delivery is found to be the key for achieving truly sustainable cryogenic machining.
Correlates of Overweight and Obesity in 644 Patients With Bipolar Disorder (2002)

Overweight, obesity, and extreme obesity were common in this group of bipolar patients, although it was unclear that their prevalence rates were truly elevated, because overweight and obesity are increasingly common public health problems among the general population. Correlates of overweight and obesity in bipolar disorder include patient and treatment variables such as gender, geographical location, comorbid binge-eating disorder, age, income level, degree of exposure to weight gain-associated psychotropics, medical disorders associated with obesity, and health habits.
Rab1 Recruitment of p115 into a cis-SNARE Complex: Programming Budding COPII Vesicles for Fusion (2000)

The guanosine triphosphatase Rab1 regulates the transport of newly synthesized proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus through interaction with effector molecules, but the molecular mechanisms by which this occurs are unknown. Here, the tethering factor p115 was shown to be a Rab1 effector that binds directly to activated Rab1. Rab1 recruited p115 to coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles during budding from the endoplasmic reticulum, where it interacted with a select set of COPII vesicle-associated SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) to form a cis-SNARE complex that promotes targeting to the Golgi apparatus. We propose that Rab1-regulated assembly of functional effector-SNARE complexes defines a conserved molecular mechanism to coordinate recognition between subcellular compartments.
People Identification Using Floor Pressure Sensing and Analysis (2010)

This paper presents an approach to people identification based on gait using floor pressure data. By using a large-area, high-resolution pressure sensing floor, we are able to obtain both the 1D pressure profile and 2D position trajectories of the centers of pressure (COP) of both feet to form a 3D COP trajectories over a footstep. From the 3D COP trajectories of a pair of footsteps, a set of features are extracted and used together with other features such as the mean pressure and stride length for people identification. The Fisher linear discriminant is used as the classifier. The speed-invariant properties of different features are examined and we have shown that the pressure features have good speed-invariance properties, much better than the stride length feature. The proposed algorithm has been extensively tested using a floor pressure dataset collected from 11 subjects in different walking styles, including varying speed walking and free style walking. Decent people identification results have been obtained using the proposed method with an average recognition rate of 92.3% and false alarm rate of 6.79% using the best performing feature set.
Phase shift effects in Fabry-Perot interferometry (1960)

A method is demonstrated for utilizing in Fabry-Perot interferometry the data on reflection phase shift dispersion obtained from fringes of equal chromatic order. Unknown wavelengths can be calculated from the Fabry-Perot patterns obtained with a large etalon spacing, even without prior knowledge of the phase shift of the reflecting surfaces. When the theoretical phase shift as a function of wavelength is known approximately, then the correct orders of interference can be determined for both the Fabry-Perot fringes and fringes of equal chromatic order. From the wavelengths of the latter the phase shift dispersion can be measured to an accuracy of about 10 A. The method is especially useful for reflectors with large dispersion of phase shift, such as multilayers. Results in the visible spectrum are reported for aluminum films and a pair of dielectric 15-layer broadband reflectors.
Optimal 3D-UAV Trajectory and Resource Allocation of DL UAV-GE Links with Directional Antennas (2020)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is a promising technology to solve many new challenging problems. It provides high maneuverability and control, low manufacturing cost with respect to other flying technologies and many other features. In particular, there is an increasing interest in UAVs in the field of wireless communications, due to their capacity to carry on transceivers and establish communication among UAVs, or between UAVs and ground base stations/users. In this work, we investigate a UAV deployment in which each flying vehicle serves a set of users, carrying directional antennas. To do so, we maximize the minimum downlink rate among the users that a UAV serves. Due to the non-convexity of the problem, we will divide it into four sub-problems. Afterwards, an iterative algorithm is proposed to optimize the four sub-problems by using the block coordinate descent method, successive convex approximation and sequential quadratic programming. Simulation results show that the addition of directional antennas results in a better performance in terms of throughput compared with omni-directional benchmarks.
Area-based vectorisation for cartoon image coding (2005)

This paper introduces a novel scheme for converting raster images into vector forms with considerable gains in compression and quality of rendered images. The proposed scheme is particularly designed for vectorisation of cartoon images where the different colour areas are decomposed and individually converted into vector form. The decoding process builds a collage of these areas to reproduce a scalable representation. The paper provides experimental results to illustrate the coding efficiency and quality gains of the proposed system.