gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Walkeway Safety: An Overview (1996)

Abstract At the 1995 American Academy of Forensic Sciences meeting in Seattle, Washington, the Engineering Science section hosted two program sessions on walkway safety. Of the dozen papers presented at that meeting, five papers were distilled into four of the six papers, technical reports, and case reports which follow in this journal. The two other papers were first submitted to the Journal of Forensic Sciences, and later abstracted and presented at the walkway-safety track in the Engineering Science section of the 1996 American Academy of Forensic Sciences meeting in Nashville, Tennessee. Together, the six papers that follow this introduction should give the reader an understanding of many of the major issues in walkway safety.
Computer Modeling of Nucleation, Growth, and Templating in Hydrothermal Synthesis (1998)

We examine the fundamental processes involved in the hydrothermal synthesis of silicates, using a range of computational techniques. We report ab initio calculations of the structures and energies of silica fragments. We estimate hydration energies by using both molecular mechanics methodologies and dielectric screening techniques. Detailed molecular mechanics calculations are reported for the interactions between solvated fragments of zeolitic structures and template molecules, emphasizing the role of the template in modifying fragments so that their structures are closer to those observed in zeolite crystals.
A Vehicle Steering Recognition System Based on Low-Cost Smartphone Sensors (2017)

Recognizing how a vehicle is steered and then alerting drivers in real time is of utmost importance to the vehicle and driver's safety, since fatal accidents are often caused by dangerous vehicle maneuvers, such as rapid turns, fast lane-changes, etc. Existing solutions using video or in-vehicle sensors have been employed to identify dangerous vehicle maneuvers, but these methods are subject to the effects of the environmental elements or the hardware is very costly. In the mobile computing era, smartphones have become key tools to develop innovative mobile context-aware systems. In this paper, we present a recognition system for dangerous vehicle steering based on the low-cost sensors found in a smartphone: i.e., the gyroscope and the accelerometer. To identify vehicle steering maneuvers, we focus on the vehicle's angular velocity, which is characterized by gyroscope data from a smartphone mounted in the vehicle. Three steering maneuvers including turns, lane-changes and U-turns are defined, and a vehicle angular velocity matching algorithm based on Fast Dynamic Time Warping (FastDTW) is adopted to recognize the vehicle steering. The results of extensive experiments show that the average accuracy rate of the presented recognition reaches 95%, which implies that the proposed smartphone-based method is suitable for recognizing dangerous vehicle steering maneuvers.
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Anisotropic Uniform Single-Crystal α-MoO<sub>3</sub>Nanostructures (2007)

Anisotropic uniform single-crystal nanostructures of α-MoO3 have been synthesized successfully via a novel green and facile approach, i.e., decomposition and condensation of peroxomolybdic acid under hydrothermal conditions. The structure and morphology of the products were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis, temperature programmed decomposition-mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It has been found that the formation of α-MoO3 proceeds at hydrothermal temperatures higher than 83.5 °C and that of MoO2.67(O2)0.33·0.75H2O is at 81.5 °C with the 0.9 mol/L molybdenum solution. The as-synthesized uniform nanostructures grow preferentially along [001], and the dimensions are 200−330 nm in width, 60−90 nm in thickness, and up to 10 μm in length during time spans from 20 to 45 h at 170 °C. The structure and morphology of α-MoO3 show a weak dependence on the molybdenum concentrations of 0.2−0.9 mol/L, while the growth in the b-axis direction can be enhanced distinctly and specifically by the addition of nitric acid to the initial peroxomolybdic acid solution. The critical point in temperature (81.5−83.5 °C) to form hydrate and oxide is discussed, and one possible mechanism is proposed.
Chemical Reactions Involved in the Shrinkproofing of Wool by Oxidation-Sulfite Processes (1965)

The production of shrink resistance in wool by treatments which involve oxidation by peracetate on permonosulphate and subsequent treatment with sulphite is shown to be dependent on particular chemical reactions. These reactions have been followed by disulfide and thiol analyses on intact and hydrolyzed wool samples and also by measure ments of rate of uptake of 35 SO 3 2- from solution by wool. Oxidation 'of wool with dilute peracetic acid converts the disulfide groups into di sulfide monoxide and dioxide, thus facilitating fission by nucleophilic reagents such as sulfite or cyanide. The results support the theory of Neish and Speakman that shrink resistance in wool is produced by fission of disulfide bonds.
Notchl is essential for postimplantation development in mice (1994)

The Notch gene of Drosopbila encodes a large transmembrane protein involved in cell fate determination during embryonic and larval development. This gene is evolutionarily conserved, and Notch homologs have been cloned from several vertebrate species. To examine the in vivo role of the Notchl gene, a mouse homolog of Notch, a mutation was introduced by targeted disruption in embryonic stem cells, and these cells were used to generate mutant mice. Intercrosses of animals heterozygous for the Notchl mutation yielded no live-born homozygous mutant offspring. Homozygous mutant embryos died before 11.5 days of gestation. Morphological and histological analysis of the homozygous mutant embryos indicated that pattern formation through the first nine days of gestation appeared largely normal. However, histological analysis of mutant embryos subsequent to this stage revealed widespread cell death. Death of mutant embryos did not appear to be attributable to defects in placentation or vascularization. Examination of the RNA expression pattern of the Notch2 gene, another Notch gene family member, indicated that it partially overlapped the Notchl expression pattern. Genetic analysis of the Notchl mutation also demonstrated that it was not allelic to a mouse mutation described previously, Danforth's short tail (Sd). These results demonstrate that the Notchl gene plays a vital role during early postimplantation development in mice.
Independent of local properties mathematical models for the calculation of retention indices in programmed temperature gas chromatography (1999)

\nRetention indices of some phthalates separated in temperature programming on SE-30 packed column were calculated by smoothing calibration data with Bezier curves, and from 2 to 6 order\nB-splines. The values thus obtained were compared to the corresponding ones calculated in a classical way. Whatever the standard n-alkane mixtures used (homologous series, alternate\nmembers with even or odd carbon atoms, any mixture with consecutive members not exceeding 4 carbon atoms between each two) the B-splines interpolations lead to retention indices values in\nbetter agreement with these ones, although Bezier curve smoothing still leads to values more consistent with the scheme of retention indices. Referring the phthalates to n-alkane standard\nmixtures, with consecutive members not exceeding 3 or 4 carbon atoms between each 2, connecting the calibration data by B-splines, with orders from 2 to 5, and selecting the set of retention\nindices corresponding to the smallest value of the sum of squared second divided differences one may recover, with a good accuracy, classical programmed retention indices. \n
Reliability of Measuring Forward Head Posture in a Clinical Setting (1993)

We believe there is a need to identify a practical method for determining objective measurement of forward head posture. In our study, we determined the within-tester and between-tester reliabilities for clinical measurements of static, sitting, forward head posture using the cervical range of motion (CROM) instrument. Repeated measurements were made using a standardized protocol on 40 patients seated in a standardized position. The seven testers had from 1 to 8 years of clinical experience. All measurements were recorded by the same investigator. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC[1,1]) was used to quantitate within-tester and between-tester reliability. Measurements of forward head position performed by the same physical therapist had high reliability (ICC = 0.93). Good reliability (ICC = 0.83) was demonstrated when different physical therapists measured the forward head posture of the same patient. We concluded that measurements of forward head posture made by physical therapists trained in the correct use of the CROM instrument are reliable. This reliability is important for determining the effectiveness of treatment programs. On the basis of our data, the CROM instrument will assist clinicians in the objective evaluation and reassessment of the patient population demonstrating forward head posture.
The use of spatial analysis at the World Bank (1997)

Spatial analysis is the use of models that quantify the interactions of behavioral, biological, and physical relationships using spatial data. The purpose of this paper is to highlight examples of spatial analysis carried out at the Bank and to describe how some recent advances in these techniques are being utilized in several on-going projects. After a brief introduction to spatial data and spatial analysis, the paper provides short descriptions of eight examples of spatial analysis carried out at the Bank. Next, it discusses three larger modeling efforts designed to produce decision support systems that include a spatial component - RAINS-ASIA (Regional Air Pollution Informtion System for Asia), DSS/IPC (Decision Support System for Industrial Pollution), and MEDUSA (Multi-objective environmentally-sustainable development Using Systems Analysis). In the final section, it discusses ways to improve the contribution of spatial analysis to Bank operations focusing on trends in data collection, data management, and analytical techniques.
Hurley III Hidradenitis Suppurativa Has an Aggressive Disease Course (2018)

The median disease duration of Hurley I patients was 9 years . Both Hurley II and Hurley III patients developed their current Hurley stage 6 years ago (p = 0.633) and the two groups reached their current stage in a median time period of 6 and 5 years (IQR 3-12 and 2-12, respectively). However, the progression from Hurley I to Hurley II was significantly shorter in current Hurley III patients with a median time period of 3 years (IQR 1-5). Moreover, the progression from Hurley II to Hurley III was even faster at 2 years (IQR 1-6). The progression time from Hurley I to Hurley II in current Hurley II patients was significantly shorter compared with the disease duration in Hurley I patients (p = 0.038). The time course of disease progression with respect to severity is visualized in Figure
Microbial hydrogenases: Primary structure, classification, signatures and phylogeny (1993)

Thirty sequenced microbial hydrogenases are classified into six classes according to sequence homologies, metal content and physiological function. The first class contains nine H2-uptake membrane-bound NiFe-hydrogenases from eight aerobic, facultative anaerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The second comprises four periplasmic and two membrane-bound H2-uptake NiFe(Se)-hydrogenases from sulphate-reducing bacteria. The third consists of four periplasmic Fe-hydrogenases from strict anaerobic bacteria. The fourth contains eight methyl-viologen- (MV), factor F420- (F420) or NAD-reducing soluble hydrogenases from methanobacteria and Alcaligenes eutrophusH16. The fifth is the H2-producing labile hydrogenase isoenzyme 3 of Escherichia coli. The sixth class contains two soluble tritium-exchange hydrogenases of cyanobacteria. The results of sequence comparison reveal that the 30 hydrogenases have evolved from at least three different ancestors. While those of class I, II, IV and V hydrogenases are homologous, i.e. sharing the same evolutionary origin, both class III and VI hydrogenases are neither related to each other nor to the other classes. Sequence comparison scores, hierarchical cluster structures and phylogenetic trees show that class II falls into two distinct clusters composed of NiFe- and NiFeSe-hydrogenases, respectively. These results also reveal that class IV comprises three distinct clusters: MV-reducing, F420-reducing and NAD-reducing hydrogenases. Specific signatures of the six classes of hydrogenases as well as some subclusters have been detected. Analyses of motif compositions indicate that all hydrogenases, except those of class VI, must contain some common motifs probably participating in the formation of hydrogen activation domains and electron transfer domains. The regions of hydrogen activation domains are highly conserved and can be divided into two categories. One corresponds to the 'nickel active center' of NiFe(Se)-hydrogenases. It consists of two possible specific nickel-binding motifs, RxCGxCxxxH and DPCxxCxxH, located at the N- and C-termini of so-called large subunits in the dimeric hydrogenases, respectively. The other is the H-cluster of the Fe-hydrogenases. It might comprise three motifs on the C-terminal half of the large subunits. However, the motifs corresponding to the putative electron transfer domains, as well as their polypeptides chains, are poorly or even not at all conserved. They are present essentially on the small subunits in NiFe-hydrogenases. Some of these motifs resemble the typical ferredoxin-like Fe-S cluster binding site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Local inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase enhances bone formation in a rat model (2013)

These results indicate that 5-LO inhibition could be used therapeutically to enhance treatments that require the direct formation of bone.
Regularization method for the application of K-space data extrapolation to near-field acoustical holography (2004)

A regularization method for applying the K-space data extrapolation method to near-field acoustical holography (NAH) is proposed. The influence of the finiteness of measurement aperture is a serious impediment to the NAH reconstruction of structural vibration when the size of the measurement aperture is smaller than that of the structure. The K-space data extrapolation method has been proposed to reduce the influence of this finiteness. An appropriate regularization method is necessary to apply the K-space data extrapolation method if the measured pressure is contaminated by noise. Some regularization methods for NAH have been proposed. However, it is difficult to determine an appropriate K-space filter if the finiteness of the measurement aperture becomes an issue. An estimation method of appropriate regularization filter for applying the K-space data extrapolation method is proposed to solve this difficulty. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated by simulations. The simulation results confirm that (1) an appropriate regularization filter may be constructed to realize spatial wave number characteristics similar to that of ideal full aperture and (2) the reconstruction error is sufficiently suppressed by the proposed method.
Successful treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib in a patient with liver cirrhosis (2004)

Several mechanisms of development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with liver cirrhosis have been discussed. One hypothesis suggests that the somatic stem cells of the liver, the so-called oval cells, may undergo malignant transformation. Oval cells are derived from the biliary cells of the canal of Hering and are characterized by c-kit-positivity, the transmembrane receptor of stem cell factor. Constitutively activated tyrosine kinases have been identified as major pathogenetic mechanisms in the development of malignant diseases like gastrointestinal stromal tumors (c-kit) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (bcr-abl). The prognosis of these diseases improved enormously since the drug imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of c-kit and bcr-abl, was introduced. Here we report the successful cure of a patient with liver cancer by this tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Screening Test for HTLV-III (AIDS Agent) Antibodies (1985)

The third member of the human T-cell leukemia (lymphotrophic) retrovirus family (HTLV-III) is a newly discovered retrovirus that has been closely associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In our application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for HTLV-III antibodies, 72 (82%) of 88 patients with AIDS were positive, 14 (16%) were borderline, and two (2%) were negative. In contrast, only 1% of 297 volunteer blood donors were positive, 6% were borderline, and 93% were negative, demonstrating that this ELISA for HTLV-III antibodies is highly specific and sensitive for AIDS (excluding borderline results, 98.6% and 97.3%, respectively). Among persons at high risk for AIDS, 8% had borderline results, with positive and negative results readily distinguished as bimodal distributions that paralleled the temporal and geographic trends in AIDS. None of the 188 laboratory and health care employees working with patients with AIDS or their specimens were positive for HTLV-III antibodies, indicating that current precautions for health care workers appear adequate. This ELISA for HTLV-III antibodies will be a useful screening test among blood donors and populations at risk for AIDS, will aid in the diagnosis of suspected AIDS, and will help in defining the spectrum of diseases that are etiologically related to HTLV-III. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:221-225)
Identification of Ionizable Amino Acid Residues on the Extracellular Domain of the Lutropin Receptor Involved in Ligand Binding (1999)

The LH receptor (LHR) is a G protein-coupled receptor characterized by a relatively large N-terminal extracellular domain responsible for high affinity ligand binding.Based on a model proposed for a major portion of the extracellular domain that contains a number of leucinerich repeats, nine ionizable amino acid residues (Glu 57 , Glu 80 , Lys 158 , Glu 181 , Lys 183 , Glu 184 , Glu 188 , Lys 190 , and Asp 206 ) were selected for charge reversal mutagenesis based on their locations in the proposed model and their potential to serve as ligand contact sites.Mutant LHR complementary DNAs were transiently transfected into COS-7 cells, and the expressed receptors were characterized by Western blot analysis, competitive ligand (hCG) binding, and ligand-mediated cAMP production.The most interesting mutants were K158E, K183E, E184K, and D206K, which were present on the plasma membrane fraction, as judged by Western blots, but were incapable of binding hCG and, of course, were deficient in hCG-mediated cAMP production.Other replacements at these positions, K158R,Q,G; K183R, Q,G; E184N; and D206E,Q, led to cell surface binding and signaling.The mutants E57K, E189K, and K190E behaved similarly to wild-type LHR; E80K was trapped intracellularly, but bound ligand in solubilized cells; and E181K was not expressed or was rapidly degraded.These results, based on 18 point mutants of LHR, indicate that Lys 158 , Lys 183 , Glu 184 , and Asp 206 are involved, either directly or indirectly, in gonadotropin binding and support the general nature of the proposed model.
Langmuir-Blodgett electron-beam resists (1983)

The Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) technique is a new way of applying resist to a substrate for microstructure fabrication. It provides a layer of much greater homogeneity and uniformity than is possible with conventional techniques, advantages expected to be of special importance in electron-beam lithography. The paper reviews work published in this field, which covers both positive- and negative-contrast materials. Several have characteristics which are competitive with those of existing resin resists, and chemical modifications are suggested for even greater improvement. New experimental results are presented, which show that the time required for application of an LB resist layer need not be incommensurate with that of other lithographic steps.
Study on the Dynamic QoS Provisioning Scheme for U-Healthcare over WMSAN (2011)

The design of wireless multimedia sensor and actor networks (WMSAN) support emerging information-intensive data such as video and audio streams, images, and scalar sensor data by controlling individual data flows to increase or decrease their bandwidth in response to changes in traffic workload. Potential applications include u-healthcare which is the most exciting technologies today for improving public health condition. This paper presents a dynamic scheme for quality of service (QoS) provisioning for u-healthcare to optimize the network traffic load subject to multiple QoS constraints. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme for wireless multimedia sensor and actor networks.
Design and Control of the Methoxy-Methyl-Heptane Process (2010)

The chemical 2-methoxy-2-methylheptane (MMH) has been proposed as a gasoline additive to replace methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in order to avoid groundwater contamination. The chemistry involves the liquid-phase reversible reaction of methanol with 2-methyl-1-heptene (MH) to form MMH. However, methanol and MH also undergo an undesirable reaction to form dimethyl ether (DME) and 2-methyl-2-heptanol (MHOH). The activation energies of the two competing reactions favor high reactor temperature, which is limited by catalyst activity to 400 K. Yield of the desired product is increased by either increasing reactor size or keeping the concentration of methanol in the reactor low by using a large excess of MH in the reactor. The latter strategy results in a large recycle flow rate of MH, which increases separation costs. Thus, this process demonstrates the classic design trade-off between reactor costs and separation costs. The purpose of this paper is to explore the economics and the dynamics of this process. The cost of the MH raw material and the values of the products are somewhat uncertain. Therefore the approach adopted in this paper is to design the process for a specified yield of MMH. For a given yield, there are optimum values of reactor size and recycle flow rate that minimize total annual cost. The flowsheet features a continuous stirred tank reactor, three distillation columns, and one recycle stream. A plantwide control structure is also developed that is capable of effectively handling large disturbances in production rate and operating parameters. The limiting reactant methanol is flow-controlled to set the production rate. The fresh feed of the other reactant MH is fed to maintain a fixed total flow rate of MH (fresh feed plus recycle).
Using a clinical document importance estimator to optimize an agent-based clinical report retrieval system (2013)

The OPTIM project aims to optimize the graphical user interface of an electronic health record (EHR) by predicting clinical documents' relevance and provide a ranked list of relevant documents for the given user at a certain time. In this paper we will describe part of the system architecture pertaining to report retrieval and relevance assignment, focusing on the optimization of an agent based report retrieval system (MAID) using the webservice layer of the OPTIM project. The prototype of MAID using the optimized retrieval was tested in a simulated environment. In the executed simulations the classifier was able to rate 10 reports per second. Including a report rating in the EHR interface based on clinical relevance calculated by mathematical models can potentially improve the usability of the EHR.