gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tip-sample interaction in tapping-mode scanning force microscopy (2000)

Tip-sample interaction in intermittent contact scanning force microscopy, also called tapping mode, is experimentally studied to determine under which conditions tip-sample contact is established. Force vs distance curves are made while the cantilever is oscillating at its resonance frequency. Cantilevers with different force constants driven at different oscillation amplitudes have been used. In addition, samples with different hardness, such as silicon oxide, glass, and highly orientated pyrolytic graphite were taken as sample surface. From the analysis of the data we conclude that by choosing appropriate operating conditions, tip-sample contact can be avoided. This operating regime is of general interest in scanning force microscopy, since it allows imaging of even the softest samples.
Detection of<i>Erwinia amylovora</i>by Nested PCR and PCR-Dot-Blot and Reverse-Blot Hybridizations (1995)

The sensitivity and specificity of four methods based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of Erwinia amylovora were compared. A previously developed single-round PCR assay was used to amplify a specific 1-kb DNA fragment of plasmid pEA29, known to be unique to and conserved in E. amylovora. The ends of the 1-kb single-round PCR product were sequenced, and two new oligonucleotide primers were designed from sequences internal to the original primers and used in nested PCR. These primers directed amplification of a 844-bp fragment from the 1-kb first-round PCR product directly from E. amylovora cells but not from other bacteria associated with apple. Less than one cell of E. amylovora from pure culture was detected with nested PCR-an increase in sensitivity of 1,000-fold compared to single-round PCR. The lower limit of detection of PCR-dot-blot and reverse-blot hybridization methods was approximately 20 cells. Weak positive signals were sometimes produced by bacteria other than E. amylovora in hybridization experiments but only if nonspecific PCR products were visible on ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels. When asymptomatic apple tissue was screened, E. amylovora was detected in 61, 84, and 100 % of leaf samples; 0, 66, and 80 % of axillary bud samples; and 4, 27, and 75 % of mature fruit calyx samples by first-round PCR, PCR-dot-blot hybridization, and nested PCR, respectively. The potential applications of each method are discussed
Social recommender systems for web 2.0 folksonomies (2009)

The rapidly increasing popularity of Web 2.0 knowledge and content sharing systems and growing amount of shared data make discovering relevant content and finding contacts a difficult enterprize. Typically, folksonomies provide a rich set of structures and social relationships that can be mined for a variety of recommendation purposes. In this paper we propose a formal model to characterize users, items, and annotations in Web 2.0 environments. Our objective is to construct social recommender systems that predict the utility of items, users, or groups based on the multi-dimensional social environment of a given user. Based on this model we introduce recommendation mechanisms for content sharing frameworks. Our comprehensive evaluation shows the viability of our approach and emphasizes the key role of social meta knowledge for constructing effective recommendations in Web 2.0 applications.
A low-power, low-voltage (11mW/8.4mW, 1.2V) DAC+filter for multistandard (WLAN/UMTS) transmitters (2005)

A DAC+filter is realized in a 0.13/spl mu/m CMOS technology to operate in a multistandard (WLAN/UMTS) transmitter. The 0.8mm device allows programming the 8 bit DAC sampling frequency (100MHz/50MHz) and the 4th-order low-pass filter bandwidth (11 MHz/2.11MHz) to satisfy the 8 bit WLAN/9bit UMTS standards, consuming 11mW/8.4mW from a single 1.2V supply. For both standards the OIP3 is larger than 29dBm and the SFDR is 54dB for WLAN, 61dB for UMTS.
Metformin or Antiandrogen in the Treatment of Hirsutism in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (2003)

Hirsutism is a common and distressing symptom frequently encountered in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), who also show relative insulin resistance. The aim of this trial, in which hirsutism was the primary end point, was to compare the efficacy of the oral antihyperglycemic medication metformin with that of an established treatment, combined ethinyl estradiol and cyproterone acetate. Patients (n = 52) were randomized to receive either metformin (500 mg, three times daily) or Dianette (ethinyl estradiol, 35 micro g; cyproterone acetate, 2 mg) treatment for 12 months, with assessments before treatment, at 6 months, and at 12 months. Both objective and subjective methods of evaluating hirsutism were used, and in addition, patient perceptions were examined. The results show that metformin is potentially an effective treatment for moderate to severe hirsutism in women with PCOS. They also suggest that in some respects (Ferriman-Gallwey score and patient self-assessment), it is more efficacious than the standard treatment (Dianette). The objective evaluation of hair diameter reduction showed that both treatments were moderately effective at multiple anatomical sites. Dianette treatment was responsible for profound suppression of androgen activity, in contrast to metformin, which induced negligible change. However, metformin did reduce markers of insulin resistance. The data suggest that hirsutism may be effectively treated by reducing hyperinsulinemia.
Problemstellung (1992)

Seit dem Beginn der siebziger Jahre werden die Unternehmen aus westlichen Industrienationen in zunehmendem Maße mit einer Reihe von Entwicklungstendenzen konfrontiert, die üblicherweise unter dem Begriff “Strukturwandel” zusammengefaßt werden. Dieser Strukturwandel beeinflußt sowohl den technischen Fortschritt als auch die Wettbewerbsintensität von Branchen und Industriezweigen. Folgende Tendenzen lassen sich (mit unterschiedlicher Bedeutung für die einzelnen Branchen des Verarbeitenden Gewerbes) feststellen:
The microlog continuous dipmeter (1953)

Abstract Some of the methods used at the present time for determining the angle and the azimuth of the dip in the formations traversed by a borehole are based on correlations between three curves recording certain electrical characteristics of the formations, such as SP or resistivity, along the wall of the borehole in three equally spaced azimuths. With the conventional equipment used for the application of these methods, the measurements are made over separate intervals of depth.In the present paper, a new improved instrument called the MicroLog Continuous Dipmeter is described, wherein the three curves used for the determination of the dip are obtained with three MicroLog devices and wherein these three curves--as well as the orientation of the instrument and the inclination of the borehole--are simultaneously and continuously recorded.It is shown that with the help of this instrument more numerous dip determinations can be made in a given well with a higher accuracy and a greater recording speed.The paper is illustrated with field examples.
Phasor Total Unbalance Power: Formulation and some properties (2007)

Unbalance power has been used to quantify unbalance phenomenon effects in the electric power systems for a long time. Expressions of this power developed by some different theories only give the value of its module. Therefore, total unbalance power values in electric power systems cannot be obtained by the unbalance power values of each of their loads. For that, it is necessary to express the unbalance power as a complex number. In this paper the unbalance power is expressed in phasor notation and some of their properties are described, applied to electric systems with balanced voltages. Results are verified by simulation and also practical comparative experiences are realized in actual installations. Also, some passive unbalance power circuits formed by coils and capacitors, which relate the physical meaning of the unbalance power, are described and applied to obtain measuring standards of the unbalance power and to build calibrators for measuring instruments.
Effect of Al[sub 2]O[sub 3]-Coated o-LiMnO[sub 2] Cathodes Prepared at Various Temperatures on the 55°C Cycling Behavior (2002)

The electrochemical cycling behavior of Al2O3-coated orthorhombic LiMnO2 (o-LiMnO2) cathodes prepared at various temperatures (150-700degreesC) is reported. While the coated o-LiMnO2 cathodes prepared at 600 and 700degreesC show that Al atoms are uniformly distributed throughout the particle, those prepared at 400 and 500degreesC show that Al atoms are mainly located at the surface region. This difference significantly affects both the discharge capacity and the cycle life of the electrodes, and lower temperature heat-treatment of the coated o-LiMnO2 results in a higher capacity and a better cycle life during 55degreesC cycling. In particular, coated cathodes prepared at 400degreesC exhibit the best cycling performance, maintaining a maximum capacity of bare o-LiMnO2, with a minimal capacity loss. Moreover, capacity fading is closely related to Mn dissolution from LiMn2O4 and Li2Mn2O4 phases appeared over the 3 and 4 V cycling, respectively.
CHANGES IN VISUAL ACUITY IN PATIENTS WITH WET AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION TREATED WITH INTRAVITREAL RANIBIZUMAB IN DAILY CLINICAL PRACTICE (2012)

Although poor compliance with recommendations has been reflected in mediocre outcomes, there is evidence that practice is improving.
Formation of Stacked SiGe Nano-bridges (2007)

We have successfully demonstrated a novel method to form a three-dimensional array of Si or Si1-xGex nanowires that are horizontally aligned to the Si substrate. Unlike previous attempts, the nanowires of desired diameters and lengths can be readily formed at desired locations on a standard Si substrate. The process has been accomplished by epitaxial growth of Si and Si1-xGex layers, conventional lithography, reactive ion etching and selective etching of Si with respect to Si1-xGex. Therefore sensors and thermoelectric devices of nanowires can be readily integrated on Si chips, and nanowires themselves can serve as the channels of MOSFETs allowing three dimensional integration of MOSFETs for increased current drive. Among the four steps of the whole process, the thesis focuses on selective etching Si over Si1-xGex. TMAH, which is an anisotropic etchant and does not contain any alkali metals, was adopted for selective etching. It has been shown that the Si vertical etch rate is at least 300 times faster than the etch rate of Si1-xGex at 73 °C. For lateral selective etching, it turned out to be crucial to align the patterns along a certain direction. When the patterns are aligned to <110> direction, are exposed f111g planes which have the lowest etch rate and the etching proceeds only until two f111g planes meet at the center of Si layer sandwiched between the top and bottom Si1-xGex layers. After this, etching continues very slowly. On the other hand, if the patterns are aligned to [100], [110] planes are exposed but etched faster than {100} planes: the desired etch rate and the selectivity to Si1-xGex nanowires can be obtained.
Robust Droop Controller for Accurate Proportional Load Sharing Among Inverters Operated in Parallel (2011)

In this paper, the inherent limitations of the conventional droop control scheme are revealed. It has been proven that parallel-operated inverters should have the same per-unit impedance in order for them to share the load accurately in proportion to their power ratings when the conventional droop control scheme is adopted. The droop controllers should also generate the same voltage set-point for the inverters. Both conditions are difficult to meet in practice, which results in errors in proportional load sharing. An improved droop controller is then proposed to achieve accurate proportional load sharing without meeting these two requirements and to reduce the load voltage drop due to the load effect and the droop effect. The load voltage can be maintained within the desired range around the rated value. The strategy is robust against numerical errors, disturbances, noises, feeder impedance, parameter drifts and component mismatches. The only sharing error, which is quantified in this paper, comes from the error in measuring the load voltage. When there are errors in the voltage measured, a fundamental tradeoff between the voltage drop and the sharing accuracy appears. It has also been explained that, in order to avoid errors in power sharing, the global settings of the rated voltage and frequency should be accurate. Experimental results are provided to verify the analysis and design.
Effect of Hydrogenase and Mixed Sulfate-Reducing Bacterial Populations on the Corrosion of Steel (1991)

The importance of hydrogenase activity to corrosion of steel was assessed by using mixed populations of sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from corroded and noncorroded oil pipelines. Biofilms which developed on the steel studs contained detectable numbers of sulfate-reducing bacteria (10 increasing to 10/0.5 cm). However, the biofilm with active hydrogenase activity (i.e., corrosion pipeline organisms), as measured by a semiquantitative commercial kit, was associated with a significantly higher corrosion rate (7.79 mm/year) relative to noncorrosive biofilm (0.48 mm/year) with 10 sulfate-reducing bacteria per 0.5 cm but no measurable hydrogenase activity. The importance of hydrogenase and the microbial sulfate-reducing bacterial population making up the biofilm are discussed relative to biocorrosion.
Corn Stalk Penetration Resistance as a Predictor of Southwestern Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Survival (2010)

Studies were conducted to determine if corn stalk strength had an effect on southwestern corn borer (Diatraea grandiosella Dyar) survival during different growth stages. In 2006 southwestern corn borer larvae were placed on corn plants during dough stage near the ear and base of the plant. Penetration resistance was lower and borer survival was higher near the ear than near the base of the plant. In 2007, five corn hybrids were planted at three locations in Mississippi. Plants were infested with five 3 rd
STUDIES ON Vi ANTIGEN: VII. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN THE MOUSE1 (1957)

Journal Article STUDIES ON Vi ANTIGEN: VII. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN THE MOUSE Get access MAURICE LANDY MAURICE LANDY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 65, Issue 1, January 1957, Pages 81–93, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a119858 Published: 01 January 1957 Article history Received: 10 September 1956 Published: 01 January 1957
A microstrip‐coupled printed inverted‐F monopole antenna (2004)

Abstract A printed inverted‐F monopole antenna excited using a microstrip‐coupled feed is presented. The monopole antenna and the microstrip‐coupled feed are printed on two sides of a dielectric substrate. The microstrip‐coupled feed comprises a 50Ω microstrip feed‐line and an open‐ended microstrip section for coupling the signal to the monopole antenna. Two promising arrangements of the microstrip‐coupled feed using a simple microstrip section and an L‐shaped microstrip section are demonstrated. The experimental results of the constructed prototypes for operating in the 2.4‐GHz WLAN band are presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 470–472, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20504
Data conversion (1997)

The data conversion task is the most onerous one to be faced by all electricity utilities before any benefits of geographical information systems can be realised. Traditionally many have thought of this task as being primarily associated with the conversion of many thousands of paper map sheets to an electronic format which can be manipulated by applications which deliver `Drawing Office Automation'. Today it is widely accepted that the scope extends far beyond simple image capture, and the GIS plays a significant part in an overall asset management and data integration strategy. Understanding the scope of the GIS is the first of three broad topics discussed, followed by a discussion around the issues associated with spatial data capture, and finally we briefly discuss integration and illustrate the impact on a typical business process that will be experienced when the aspiration of truly integrated data is realised. (5 pages)
Keratinocyte Growth Factor Expression in the Mesenchymal Cells of Human Amnion* (1997)

Amnion epithelial and mesenchymal cells were separated by differential protease treatment, and the separated cells were maintained in monolayer culture. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) messenger RNA (mRNA) was readily detected by Northern analysis of amnion mesenchymal cell total RNA (10 micrograms) but not in amnion epithelial cells. Treatment of the amnion mesenchymal cells in serum-free medium with tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (1 nM) caused an increase in the level of KGF mRNA. Forskolin treatment also caused an increase in KGF mRNA but not to the levels attained with tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate treatment. Dexamethasone (1 nM) treatment of these cells effected a reduction in the level of KGF mRNA. Prolonged maintenance of mesenchymal cells in serum-free medium also was associated with an increase in the level of KGF mRNA. Treatment with a variety of other agents, viz., interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 plus or minus IL-6 soluble receptor, IL-11, oncostatin M, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and transforming growth factor-beta and not modify the level of KGF mRNA. Treatment of amnion epithelial cells with KGF caused an increase in the rate of [3H]thymidine incorporation, but the rate of cell replication induced by KGF was less than that induced by treatment with EGF. Transforming growth factor-beta treatment inhibited basal and EGF- and KGF-stimulated amnion epithelial cell replication. The findings of this study are indicative the KGF is expressed in human amnion mesenchymal cells, and that KGF may act on the epithelial cells of this tissue.
Identification of Human Orbital Lymphatics (1999)

To the authors' knowledge, this study presents the first evidence for lymphatic capillaries in the dura mater of the human optic nerve and lacrimal gland.
Cytoprotective Effect of Trimetazidine on 75 min Warm Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats (1998)

In this experimental study, we evaluated the effect of trimetazidine (TMZ) on renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. Renal IR was achieved by a 75-min clamping of the left renal pedicle and subsequent 24 h reperfusion, after right nephrectomy was performed. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: group 1 (sham-operated: no IR injury), group 2 (ischemic control: saline treatment), and group 3 (3 mg/kg TMZ before ischemia). After 24 h of reperfusion, blood samples and renal tissue samples were taken to measure the levels of creatinine, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. Histopathological changes were evaluated. In addition, the 7-day survival rates in each group were evaluated. We found significant increases in the levels of creatinine and tissue MDA, severe acute tubular necrosis, and a significant decrease in the activity of the GSH-Px in group 2. There were significant decreases in the levels of creatinine and tissue MDA, mild acute tubular necrosis, and a significant increase in activity of the GSH-Px in group 3 when compared with the control group (p <0.05). Statistically significant differences (p <0.05) in survival were noted between the ischemic control and sham-operated and TMZ groups. We have concluded that TMZ is able to protect the kidney from warm IR injury.
Ceramic materials for microwave windows (1988)

Abstract Ceramic materials selected for the study of their properties relevant to gyrotron windows are presented. Models for their performance in high frequency and high power gyrotrons show that the materials are to be operated at the limits of their capabilities. Dielectric measurements which determine the dielectric loss tangent in the range from 30-200 GHz and which are used for low loss ceramics -are reviewed, and some results are given. The application of a Fabry-Perot resonator system for measuring tan S in ceramic discs is reported, and first results compared to present data. Methods in use for the mechanical and thermophysical characterization are presented. Evaluation and interpretation of four point bending tests are summarized along with the results from thermal conductivity and thermal shock measurements.
Lactobacilli vs Antibiotics to Prevent Urinary Tract Infections (2012)

In postmenopausal women with recurrent UTIs, L rhamnosus GR-1 and L reuteri RC-14 do not meet the noninferiority criteria in the prevention of UTIs when compared with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. However, unlike trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, lactobacilli do not increase antibiotic resistance. TRIAL REGISTRATION isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN50717094.
Noise processing techniques for time-domain EM systems (1984)

Abstract A variety of signal processing techniques can be used to minimize the effects of noise on linear, wideband, electromagnetic (EM) systems operating in the time-domain. All systems use repetitive waveforms with polarity reversal in alternate half-cycles. Exponential averaging or digital integration (stacking) is employed to increase signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios by limiting the noise acceptance to narrow frequency bands centered on odd harmonics of the repetition frequency, the width of the acceptance bands being inversely proportional to stacking time. For certain types of nonstationary noise (e.g., occasional transients) or coherent noise (e.g., powerlines) it is possible to increase S/N ratios above those obtained by simple stacking for an equal time by use of techniques such as pruning, tapered stacking or randomized stacking. With some system waveforms and when the noise spectrum is not 'white', use of pre-emphasis filtering in the transmitter and a corresponding de-emphasis filter in the receiver may significantly improve the input S/N ratio before stacking. Specific applications of the various techniques are discussed with reference to one particular time-domain EM system, the UTEM 3 system. By their use, improvements in S/N ratio of as much as 6 to 1 have been regularly achieved without any increase in transmitter power, depending on the nature of the local noise.
Clogging of Pervious Monolayers Subjected to Radial Flow (2007)

Particle migration within porous networks often results in permeability reductions due to clogging. In many field applications, fluids and entrained particles travel radially toward producing wells. The nonhomogeneous velocity field associated with radial flow produces particle-level force variations that in turn lead to spatially dependent pore-scale mechanisms and unique clogging phenomena. The fluid-driven migration and entrapment of particles in radial flow is studied experimentally in custom-built pervious monolayers that allow for direct visualization of clogging processes. Experimental results demonstrate that in particular hydrodynamic conditions, particle clogging evolves in the form of a self-stabilizing clogging ring that localizes at a characteristic radial distance that depends on the initial producing flow rate. Gradual clogging by surface deposition of particles is observed in less severe hydrodynamic conditions. The particle migration and clogging processes observed are analyzed by considering particle-level force balance through dimensionless parameters.