gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Electronic Meat Measuring Equipment to Measure Cutout Yield of Beef Carcasses (1976)

Sixty-six beef carcasses and 19 forequarters were evaluated by electronic meat measuring equipment (EMME). The 66 carcasses were processed into trimmed primal cuts, 50-50 lean-fat trim, fat trim and bone. Untrimmed weight of quarters or sides was the most important variable in estimating differences in trimmed cut weight. EMME number accounted for significant variation in trimmed primal cuts and reduced the standard error when used simultaneously with weight. EMME number accounted for more variation than the combination of fat thickness, % kidney and longissimus muscle area when used simultaneously with untrimmed weight, but the difference in determination was less than 1%. Analysis of data on 19 forequarters which included chemical analysis of the 9-10-1 lth rib cut, indicated that the EMME number increased and untrimmed quarter weight decreased in relative predictive value as the item evaluated was successively primal rib, closely trimmed rib roast and fat-free lean.
The synchronization of periodic routing messages (1993)

The paper considers a network with many apparently-independent periodic processes and discusses one method by which these processes can inadvertently become synchronized. In particular, we study the synchronization of periodic routing messages. We give examples of the harmful effect of these synchronized updates on other network traffic, and offer guidelines on how to avoid inadvertent synchronization. Using simulations and analysis, we study the process of synchronization and show that the transition from unsynchronized to synchronized traffic is not one of gradual degradation but is instead a very abrupt 'phase transition': in general, the addition of a single router will convert a completely unsynchronized traffic stream into a completely synchronized one. We show that synchronization can be avoided by the addition of randomization to the traffic sources and quantify how much randomization is necessary. In addition, we argue that the inadvertent synchronization of periodic processes is likely to become an increasing problem in computer networks.
A Service-Oriented Architecture for a Collaborative Engineering Environment in Petroleum Engineering (2006)

In this paper we discuss the scenario of Petroleum Engineering projects at Petrobras, a large Brazilian governmental oil & gas company. Based on this scenario, we propose a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) for a Collaborative Problem Solving Environment (CPSE), that we call Collaborative Engineering Environment (CEE), responsible for controlling and executing specialized engineering projects in the oil&gas industry. The environment is composed by the integration of three different technologies for distributed group work: Scientific Workflow Management System (ScWfMS), Multimedia Collaborative System (MMCS) and Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVE).
Real-time adaptive background segmentation (2003)

Automatic analysis of digital video scenes often requires the segmentation of moving objects from the background. Historically, algorithms developed for this purpose have been restricted to small frame sizes, low frame rates or offline processing. The simplest approach involves subtracting the current frame from the known background. However, as the background is unknown, the key is how to learn and model it. This paper proposes a new algorithm that represents each pixel in the frame by a group of clusters. The clusters are ordered according the likelihood they model the background and are adapted to deal with background and lighting variations. Incoming pixels are matched against the corresponding cluster group and are classified according to whether the matching cluster is considered part of the background. The algorithm has been subjectively evaluated against three other techniques. It demonstrated equal or better segmentation than the other techniques and proved capable of processing 320 /spl times/ 240 video at 28 fps, excluding post-processing.
Carotenoids and carotenoid esters from new cross-cultivars of paprika (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarotenoids and carotenoid esters from new cross-cultivars of paprikaPeter A. Biacs, Hussein G. Daood, Tibor T. Huszka, and Peter K. BiacsCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 11, 1864–1867Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00035a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00035a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views234Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nanostructured conductive polymers for advanced energy storage (2015)

Conductive polymers combine the attractive properties associated with conventional polymers and unique electronic properties of metals or semiconductors. Recently, nanostructured conductive polymers have aroused considerable research interest owing to their unique properties over their bulk counterparts, such as large surface areas and shortened pathways for charge/mass transport, which make them promising candidates for broad applications in energy conversion and storage, sensors, actuators, and biomedical devices. Numerous synthetic strategies have been developed to obtain various conductive polymer nanostructures, and high-performance devices based on these nanostructured conductive polymers have been realized. This Tutorial review describes the synthesis and characteristics of different conductive polymer nanostructures; presents the representative applications of nanostructured conductive polymers as active electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors and lithium-ion batteries and new perspectives of functional materials for next-generation high-energy batteries, meanwhile discusses the general design rules, advantages, and limitations of nanostructured conductive polymers in the energy storage field; and provides new insights into future directions.
Forced Alignment of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Undergoing Cardiomyogenic Differentiation Affects Functional Integration With Cardiomyocyte Cultures (2008)

Alignment of cardiomyocytes (CMCs) contributes to the anisotropic (direction-related) tissue structure of the heart, thereby facilitating efficient electrical and mechanical activation of the ventricles. This study aimed to investigate the effects of forced alignment of stem cells during cardiomyogenic differentiation on their functional integration with CMC cultures. Labeled neonatal rat (nr) mesenchymal stem cells (nrMSCs) were allowed to differentiate into functional heart muscle cells in different cell-alignment patterns during 10 days of coculture with nrCMCs. Development of functional cellular properties was assessed by measuring impulse transmission across these stem cells between 2 adjacent nrCMC fields, cultured onto microelectrode arrays and previously separated by a laser-dissected channel (230+/-10 microm) for nrMSC transplantation. Coatings in these channels were microabraded in a direction (1) parallel or (2) perpendicular to the channel or were (3) left unabraded to establish different cell patterns. Application of cells onto microabraded coatings resulted in anisotropic cell alignment within the channel. Application on unabraded coatings resulted in isotropic (random) alignment. After coculture, conduction across seeded nrMSCs occurred from day 1 (perpendicular and isotropic) or day 6 (parallel) onward. Conduction velocity across nrMSCs at day 10 was highest in the perpendicular (11+/-0.9 cm/sec; n=12), intermediate in the isotropic (7.1+/-1 cm/sec; n=11) and lowest in the parallel configuration (4.9+/-1 cm/sec; n=11) (P<0.01). nrCMCs and fibroblasts served as positive and negative control, respectively. Also, immunocytochemical analysis showed alignment-dependent increases in connexin 43 expression. In conclusion, forced alignment of nrMSCs undergoing cardiomyogenic differentiation affects the time course and degree of functional integration with surrounding cardiac tissue.
Use of Insurance Claims Data in Measuring Quality of Care (1990)

This article discusses data that might be used for measuring quality of care, for health care administrative purposes, and for tracking the use of technologies. The advantages and limitations of administrative data banks for research purposes and some process-of-care and outcome analysis are noted. Three important obstacles to their use--reliability of diagnosis and service information, unique patient identifiers, and provider identifiers--are discussed briefly.
Cultured cells of the nervous system, including human neurones, in the study of the neuro-degenerative disorder, Alzheimer's disease: an overview (1985)

Human nervous-system cells in culture are a suitable model for the study of the degenerative changes associated with Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer-diseased brain contains a factor which induces the formation of paired helical filaments (PHF) in cultured cells, similar to that seen in Alzheimer's disease. The excitotoxic amino acids, glutamate and aspartate, induce similar PHE formation in cultured cells. The neurotoxic element aluminium is present in high concentrations in the brain in several human neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. In cultured-cell systems, aluminium interacts with acidic nuclear proteins, decreases steroid binding, produces a form of neurofibrillary degeneration and alters nucleoside metabolism.
Designing a 100 MHz SPARC dual processor using MCM-L packaging technology and microwave design techniques (2002)

This paper presents typical microwave design techniques applied to designing high speed MCMs for digital applications. Significantly improved MCM performance and reduced number of design iterations are achieved, by using these techniques. Further, a design of 100 MHz SPARC dual processor using MCM-L technology is presented, taking advantage of using unpackaged chips and design techniques frequently used in microwave designs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Using nonspeech sounds to provide navigation cues (1998)

This article describes 3 experiments that investigate the possibiity of using structured nonspeech audio messages called earcons to provide navigational cues in a menu hierarchy. A hierarchy of 27 nodes and 4 levels was created with an earcon for each node. Rules were defined for the creation of hierarchical earcons at each node. Participants had to identify their location in the hierarchy by listening to an earcon. Results of the first experiment showed that participants could identify their location with 81.5% accuracy, indicating that earcons were a powerful method of communicating hierarchy information. One proposed use for such navigation cues is in telephone-based interfaces (TBIs) where navigation is a problem. The first experiment did not address the particular problems of earcons in TBIs such as “does the lower quality of sound over the telephone lower recall rates,” “can users remember earcons over a period of time.” and “what effect does training type have on recall?” An experiment was conducted and results showed that sound quality did lower the recall of earcons. However; redesign of the earcons overcame this problem with 73% recalled correctly. Participants could still recall earcons at this level after a week had passed. Training type also affected recall. With personal training participants recalled 73% of the earcons, but with purely textual training results were significantly lower. These results show that earcons can provide good navigation cues for TBIs. The final experiment used compound, rather than hierarchical earcons to represent the hierarchy from the first experiment. Results showed that with sounds constructed in this way participants could recall 97% of the earcons. These experiments have developed our general understanding of earcons. A hierarchy three times larger than any previously created was tested, and this was also the first test of the recall of earcons over time.
Nursing Class 1964 (1964)

Photograph of five graduates from the Nursing class of the Leggett Memorial Hospital. Standing center back is Pat Oneil, their instructor.
Metabolism of Homocysteine Thiolactone in Human Cell Cultures (1997)

Editing of the non-protein amino acid homocysteine, a frequent type of error-correcting process in amino acid selection for protein synthesis by an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, results in formation of a cyclic thioester, homocysteine thiolactone. Here it is shown that human cells in which homocysteine metabolism is deregulated by a mutation in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene and/or by an antifolate drug, aminopterin (which prevents remethylation of homocysteine to methionine by methionine synthase), produce more homocysteine thiolactone, in addition to homocysteine, than unaffected cells. The thiolactone is incorporated into cellular and extracellular proteins, in addition to being secreted and hydrolyzed to homocysteine. Experiments with model proteins and amino acids suggest that the mechanism of incorporation involves acylation of side chain amino groups of lysine residues by the activated carboxyl group of the thiolactone. The metabolic conversion of homocysteine to homocysteine thiolactone and the reactivity of the thiolactone toward proteins may explain pathological consequences of elevated levels of homocysteine such as observed in vascular disease.
Beiträge zum Studium der Thiazole, I. Über die Herstellung und die Eigenschaften von 2‐Aryl‐4‐halogenmethyl‐thiazolen (1961)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung von Dichloraceton mit Arylthioamiden werden Hydrochloride von Thioarylimidsäure‐[3‐chlor‐acetonylestern] erhalten, die mit konz. Schwefelsäure in 2‐Aryl‐4‐chlormethyl‐thiazole übergehen. Diese werden mittels der Sommelet‐Reaktion in die Aldehyde umgewandelt, welche in Gegenwart von Kaliumhydroxyd zu den entsprechenden Säuren und Alkoholen disproportioniert werden. Bei der Einwirkung von Kaliumcyanid erhält man Thiazile (Thiazoine wurden nicht isoliert). Die Thiazile gehen bei der Behandlung mit Kaliumhydroxyd in Säuren über, die mit den bei der Cannizzaro‐Reaktion der Aldehyde erhaltenen identisch sind. Unter dem Einfluß von Hydroxylionen erfolgt also keine Benzilsäureumlagerung, sondern Spaltung der COCOBindung.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) at Copper(I) oxide (1998)

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectra of pyridine at a copper(I) oxide hydrosol and at Cu2O-covered copper electrode produced by ‘oscillating reaction roughening’ are reported. It is shown that on such surfaces pyridine molecules adsorb as pyridinium cations. The ‘oscillating reaction’ pretreatment yields a passivated Cu surface which does not undergo any reduction during the cathodic scan, producing a SERS spectrum of pyridinium cations even after decreasing the electrode potential to strongly negative values. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differentiation of Adipose Stromal Cells: The Roles of Glucocorticoids and 11 -Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (1999)

Glucocorticoids play an important role in determining adipose tissue distribution and function, with glucocorticoid excess states such as Cushing’s syndrome resulting in central obesity. We have investigated the functional significance of local generation of cortisol within adipose tissue from inactive cortisone through the activity of the NADP(H)-dependent enzyme, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1). In primary cultures of paired omental (om) and sc human adipose stromal cells (ASC; n = 34), 11βHSD1 oxo-reductase activity was significantly higher in om ASC (median, 40.2 pmol/mg protein·h; 95% confidence interval, 1.8–105) compared with sc ASC (median, 11.4; 95% confidence interval, 0–48.1; P < 0.001) despite similar endogenous NADPH/NADP concentrations. Both cortisol and insulin increased the differentiation of ASC to adipocytes (as assessed by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase expression), but only cortisol increased 11βHSD1 activity and messenger RNA levels in a dose-dependent fashion. Cortisone (500 nm) was as effective as 500 nm cortisol in inducing ASC differentiation, but this stimulatory effect was inhibited by coincubation with the 11βHSD1 inhibitor, glycyrrhetinic acid. The higher local conversion of cortisone to active cortisol through expression of 11βHSD1 in om compared with sc ASC may explain the specific action of glucocorticoids on different adipose tissue depots. 11βHSD1 expression in om ASC is regulated at a transcriptional level and is increased by glucocorticoids, but is not entirely dependent upon ASC differentiation. Inhibition of 11βHSD1 within om ASC inhibits cortisone-induced ASC differentiation. These findings indicate that local metabolism of glucocorticoid may control differentiation of adipose tissue in a site-specific fashion. Specific inhibitors of 11βHSD1 may offer a novel approach for the treatment of patients with central obesity.
Conditions under which dispersion of a solute in a stream of solvent can be used to measure molecular diffusion (1954)

Abstract It is shown that an assumption made in the author’s previous discussion (Taylor 1953) can be presented as a result of analysis. The conditions under which an approximate solution of the equations for diffusion in a moving fluid can be used to interpret longitudinal dispersion of a solute in a stream of solvent flowing through a tube is given as 4L/a - &gt; a Ua /D &gt; 6.9. Here U is the mean velocity, a the radius of the tube, D the coefficient of molecular diffusion. L is the length of tube over which appreciable changes of concentration occur.
Pharmacological evidence for <i>N</i>-methyl-<scp>D</scp>-aspartate receptors on nigrostriatal dopaminergic nerve terminals (1991)

The efflux of tritium from rat striatal synaptosomes labelled with [3H]dopamine was utilized as an index of dopamine (DA) release for the purpose of characterizing the receptors underlying the effects of L-glutamate. N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole proprionic acid (AMPA), and kainate each induced DA release in the absence of Mg2+, through NMDA was much more efficacious and only the NMDA response was inhibited by Mg2+. The response to L-glutamate was potentiated in a concentration-dependent manner by glycine. Further, it was completely inhibited by the competitive NMDA antagonist 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid and by the NMDA channel blocker phencyclidine. Finally, the response to L-glutamate was unaffected by either tetrodotoxin or the kainate-AMPA antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione. These data demonstrate the presence of NMDA receptors on dopaminergic nerve terminals that mediate the ability of L-glutamate to release DA and suggest an additional mechanism by which information from the nigrostriatal and corticostriatal pathways may be integrated.
Epitaxial growth of HgTe by precracking metalorganic mercury and tellurium compounds (1986)

Diethyltelluride and dimethylmercury metalorganic sources were precracked for the expitaxial growth of HgTe on CdTe substrates. This method allows metalorganic sources to be decomposed at one temperature while epitaxial growth occurs at a different temperature that is lower. Therefore, the HgTe epitaxial growth can be performed at low temperature and low Hg partial pressure. The growth rate was around 2 μm/h for the growth temperature range 210–270 °C. The HgTe films are single crystalline and have good morphology. Room-temperature carrier concentrations of 2×1017/cm3 and mobilities of 25 000 cm2/V s were obtained for epitaxial layers grown at 240 °C.
Selecting silicone tubing for device applications. (2005)

A number of factors are involved in selecting the most suitable silicone tubing for a given purpose. These include physical chemistry, performance properties, a supplier's quality system and regulatory compliance. This article provides a guide for device developers when selecting silicone tubing for their applications.
Shift in Sensitivity of <i>Alternaria solani</i> in Response to Q<sub>o</sub>I Fungicides (2004)

Isolates of Alternaria solani, cause of potato early blight, collected in 1998 through 2001 from various potato growing areas across the midwestern United States, were tested for sensitivity to azoxystrobin. Isolates collected in 1998, prior to the introduction of azoxystrobin, were tested to establish the baseline sensitivity of the fungus to this fungicide. Isolates collected in subsequent years, not necessarily from the same sites as baseline isolates, were tested to determine if populations of A. solani had become less sensitive to azoxystrobin. Azoxystrobin sensitivity was determined utilizing an in vitro spore germination assay. The effective fungicide concentration that inhibited spore germination by 50% (EC<sub>50</sub>) was determined for each isolate. There was no significant difference in mean EC<sub>50</sub> values between baseline isolates and all other isolates collected through 1999. Mean azoxystrobin EC<sub>50</sub> values of A. solani isolates collected in 2000 and 2001 were significantly higher compared with means from previous years, and mean azoxystrobin EC<sub>50</sub> values from 2001 were significantly higher than means from isolates collected in 2000. A subset of 54 A. solani isolates was evaluated in vitro for cross-sensitivity to pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin. A highly significant and strong correlation among the isolates tested for fungicide cross-sensitivity was detected between azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin; however, the correlation between azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin, and between trifloxystrobin and pyraclostrobin, was significant but weak. A second subset of five isolates was chosen for in vivo assessment of azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin sensitivity. Disease severity on plants treated with azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin was significantly greater with reduced-sensitive A. solani isolates compared with sensitive isolates. Disease severity was not statistically different between azoxystrobin reduced-sensitive and sensitive A. solani isolates on plants treated with trifloxystrobin. This is the first report of a shift in sensitivity to Q<sub>o</sub>I fungicides in a fungus possessing only an anamorphic stage.