gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pico-second passively mode locked surface-emitting laser with self-assembled semiconductor quantum dot absorber (2003)

Diode-pumped quantum-well vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (DP-VECSELs) have generated high average powers with circular diffraction-limited output beams, and short pulse operation. In this type of semiconductor laser, which is simple to manufacture, both the beam quality limitations of edge-emitting diode lasers and the power restrictions of electrically pumped surface-emitting lasers are overcome. It also does not require wavelength stabilization of the pump source, compared to solid-state laser systems. The laser mode area on the chip can be /spl sim/10/sup 4/ times larger than the one on the facet of an edge-emitting laser, offering scope for the generation of high average power and large pulse energy. The relatively small gain saturation fluence of quantum-well lasers implies that they can be passively mode-locked at repetition rates of several gigahertz with no tendency to Q-switching. Pulsed semiconductor lasers do not generally use the broad gain bandwidth to full advantage in the generation of picosecond pulses.
High-speed observations of Transient Luminous Events and Lightning (The 2008/2009 Ebro Valley campaign) (2010)

The future ASIM mission will provide x/y rays detections from space to investigate the origins of the Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes and its possible relation with transient luminous events (TLE). In order to support the future space observations we are setting up some ground infrastructure located at the Ebro Valley region (Northeast of Spain). At the end of 2008 and during 2009 we carried out our first observation campaign in order to acquire experience to support the future ASIM mission. From January 2008 to February 2009 we focused on the observation of TLE’s with our intensified high-speed camera system. We recorded 14 sprites, 19 elves and, in three sprites, we observed also halos (Montanya et al. 2009). Unfortunately no high-speed records of TLEs where observed in the range of the (XDDE) VHF network. However, we have recorded several tens of TLEs at normal frame rate (25 fps) which are in the XDDE range (Van der Velde et al., 2009). Additionally, in August 2009 we installed our first camera for TLE observation in the Caribean. The camera is located in San Andres Isl. (Colombia). From June 2009 to October 2009 we focused all of our efforts to record lightning at high-speed (10000 fps), vertical close electric fields and x-ray emissions from lightning. We recorded around 60 lightning flashes but we only clearly evidenced high energy detections in only one flash. The detections were produced during the leader phase of a cloud-to-ground flash. The leader signature on the recorded electric field was very short (around 1 ms) and, during this period, a burst of high energy emissions where detected. Then, few detections where produced just after the return stroke. The experience of this preliminary campaign has given us the basis for the future campaigns where we plan to count with two high-speed cameras and a Lightning Mapping Array.
OBESITY AND RISK OF BIOCHEMICAL PROGRESSION FOLLOWING RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY AT A TERTIARY CARE REFERRAL CENTER (2005)

In men undergoing RP increased BMI was associated with adverse pathological features and a greater risk of biochemical progression. These findings together with the results of several recently published series collectively provide strong evidence that obese men undergoing RP are more likely to have aggressive prostate cancer.
Algorithms for Computing Numerical Optimal Feedback Motion Strategies (2001)

The authors address the problem of computing a navigation function that serves as a feedback motion strategy for problems that involve generic differential constraints, nonconvex collision constraints, and the optimization of a specified criterion. The determination of analytical solutions to such problems is well beyond the state of the art; therefore, the authors focus on obtaining numerical solutions that are based on discretization of the state space (although they do not force trajectories to visit discretized points). This work improves classical optimal control techniques for problems of interest to the authors. By introducing a simplicial complex representation, the authors propose a novel interpolation scheme that reduces a key bottleneck in the techniques from O(2n) running time to O(n lg n), in which n is the state space dimension. By exploiting local structure in the differential constraints, the authors present a progressive series of three improved algorithms that use dynamic programming constraints to compute an optimal navigation function. Each makes an assumption that is more restrictive than the previous one, and exploits that assumption to yield greater efficiency. These improvements yield a practical increase in the applicability of dynamic programming computations by one or two dimensions over classical techniques. Theoretical convergence to the optimal solution is established for these proposed algorithms. The algorithms are implemented and evaluated on a variety of problems. Several computed results are presented.
Moderate Salinity Does Not Affect Germination of Several Cool- and Warm-Season Turfgrasses (2007)

Germination of warm- and cool-season turfgrasses was assessed at salinity levels commonly found in recycled irrigation water. Cool-season grass seeds included in the study were Thermal Blue hybrid bluegrass [Poa arachnifera (Torr.) x pratensis (L.)]; Barlexas II, Southeast, and Tar Heel II tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.)]; Brightstar SLT and Catalina perennial ryegrass [Lolium perenne (L.)]; Salty and Fults alkaligrass [Puccinellia distans (Jacq.)]; and Dawson red fescue [Festuca rubra trichophylla (L.)]. Warm-season grass seeds used in the study were bermudagrass Numex Sahara, Princess 77, and Transcontinental [Cynodon dactylon (L.)]; Companion zoysiagrass [Zoysia japonica (Steud)]; and Seaspray seashore paspalum [Paspalum vaginatum (Swartz)]. Each grass was incubated at salinity levels from 0.6 to3.0 dS/m. Germination was considered successful upon radicle emergence and the first leaf growing past the coleoptile. Despite species and cultivar variation in germination success, germination was not inhibited in any of the tested cultivars at the salinity levels used in this study, suggesting that germination may not be the most salt-sensitive stage in turfgrass development.
Indexed Powder Data for Incommensurate Bi <sub>2</sub> Sr <sub>2</sub> Ca <sub>2</sub> Cu <sub>3</sub> O <sub>z</sub> (1992)

Abstract The X-ray powder pattern of the Pb-free 110 K superconductor phase Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O z has many lines which belong to an incommensurate supercell. Using electron diffraction photographs as a guide, an indexing scheme for the powder pattern has been obtained. The unit cell has a geometrically orthorhombic subcell a = 5.411 (2), b = 5.420(2), c = 37.29(2) Å. Supercell reflections have indices that are derived from the subcell k, l indices by addition of ± q, where q = n δ b + n ε c: n = 1,2 …; ε = 0.211(2); ε = −0.78(1).
Fundamental Mechanism of Entropy Noise in Aero-Engines: Numerical Simulation (2007)

Entropy noise is generated by entropy non-uniformities being accelerated for example in the turbine section downstream of gas-turbine combustion chambers. The entropy noise was experimentally investigated in the test facility Entropy Wave Generator (EWG) [1, 2]. The EWG induces entropy waves by supplying energy pulses to a tube flow. The air stream is accelerated in a convergent-divergent nozzle where entropy noise is excited. In order to investigate entropy noise generation mechanism the numerical simulation of thermo-acoustics was done. This paper shows results concerning the numerical simulation of a reference test case of the EWG applying a compressible URANS approach. The simulations indicate that both fully reflective and non-reflective boundary conditions are inappropriate for modeling of the propagation of entropy noise in this case. The change of cross sectional area in the downstream tube section at a certain position requires the application of a partially reflective boundary condition in the numerical simulation. The variation of the length of the tube section upstream the nozzle proves the existence of entropy noise. Changing the tube length downstream the nozzle results in a phase shift of the superposed downstream and partially reflected upstream propagating pressure fluctuations. Furthermore, the influence of the amount of energy supplied to the system on the generated entropy noise is shown. All numerical results show a good agreement with experimental data.
Jugendliche Delinquenz (2000)

In Großbritannien sind damit Personen im Alter zwischen 10 und 17 Jahren gemeint, die für eine Übertretung schuldig gesprochen wurden, die im Erwachsenenalter als kriminell betrachtet würde. Damit liegt hier eine juristische Definition vor, die sich nicht unmittelbar auf die seelische Gesundheit bezieht. Im Gegensatz zu landläufigen Meinungen richten sich etwa 90% der Übertretungen gegen Eigentum und nicht gegen Personen: Stehlen, Autos verschieben, Einbrechen, destruktiver Vandalismus. Dagegen stellen Gewalt gegen Personen, Arzneimittelvergehen und sexuelle Übertretungen weniger als 10% dar. Wenn man die offiziellen Statistiken mit den Selbstbeurteilungen der Straftäter und den Ergebnissen aus Opferberichten vergleicht, so kann man zu dem Schluß kommen, daß nur etwa ein Zehntel aller Übertretungen entdeckt werden. Diese Diskrepanz zwischen tatsächlichen und berichteten Übertretungen bezieht sich hauptsächlich auf Kleinkriminalität, während sich die schweren Straftaten meistens in den offiziellen Berichten wiederfinden. Für relativ kleine Übertretungen ist die Chance der Entdeckung geringer, falls der Verursacher nicht jemand mit schwarzer Hautfarbe ist, eine gute Schule besucht, aus einem ordentlichen Haushalt kommt, und er von durchschnittlicher Intelligenz ist. Dies gilt nicht für die schweren Delikte. Hier sind persönliche und demographische Charakteristika sehr ähnlich, gleichgültig, ob sie durch Eigenbeurteilung oder die offiziellen Berichte gegeben werden. Wenn der Verursacher einmal gefaßt ist, so ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Verurteilung höher, falls bereits eine Kriminalakte vorliegt, die Art der Übertretung besonders schwer ist und die Person älter oder von schwarzer Hautfarbe ist.
33.4 Gbyte/Layer Recording with Adaptive Write Strategy for 100 Gbyte Rewritable Triple-Layer Disc (2010)

For multilayer rewritable optical discs, we developed a new adaptive write strategy named the S-22 (sequential 2T–2T) write pulse control method, which controls the laser pulse of the 2T-mark according to the combination of both the preceding and succeeding space lengths. By applying this write strategy, a rewritable triple-layer disc based on Blu-ray disc optical systems with a capacity of 100 Gbyte was realized. In particular, the advantage of this write strategy is significant for a transparent information layer. The bit shift of sequential 2T–2T patterns, which is a dominant error in 100 Gbyte rewritable discs, was well compensated. We experimentally confirmed that adopting the S-22 write pulse control method is effective to improve symbol error rate.
Measured performance of variable-air-volume boxes. Interim report (1986)

This report documents the results of work conducted to measure the performance of currently available variable-air-volume (VAV) boxes in terms of pressure independence, linearity, and hysteresis. This work was part of research being conducted to develop control systems for simple and reliable retrofit applications to heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems. General conclusions of the study indicated that the performance characteristics of VAV boxes vary widely and that this variation is likely to continue until consistently applied manufacturing standards are implemented. The tests also showed that most VAV boxes do not quite meet the manufacturers performance claims. A general problem is the boxes' inability to conform to specified minimum and maximum flow rates; although recalibration to give the desired flow rates is possible, it would be a difficult, time-consuming procedure in the field.
SCN-resistant soybean varieties listed in updated publication (2004)

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is a serious and widespread pest of soybean throughout Iowa and the Midwest. Fortunately, SCN-resistant soybean varieties have been developed and are an effective management tool. To assist growers in choosing SCN-resistant varieties, Iowa State University Extension annually compiles and publishes a list of public and private SCN-resistant soybean varieties in maturity groups I, II, and III.
Rapid response team-triggered procalcitonin measurement predicts infectious intensive care unit transfers* (2012)

Preliminary results suggest procalcitonin levels in patients at the time of initial visit by a rapid response team correlate with the need for subsequent intensive care unit transfer, particularly for infectious reasons.
A Single Ultra High Dose of Vitamin D is Safe and Feasible in Early Peri-Transplant Period to Prevent Vitamin D Deficiency in Pediatric HSCT Recipients (2018)

Background: Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is associated with inferior transplant survival at 100 days after transplantation. We have previously reported that 70% of pediatric and young adult patients are VD deficient at the time of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Achieving and maintaining therapeutic VD levels in HSCT recipients is extremely challenging, and requires as much as 200 IU/kg/day of VD to sustain adequate VD levels in the first 3-6 months after transplant (Wallace et al., BBMT 2016). Poor compliance in the setting of mucositis, and concomitant use of critical transplant drugs that interfere with VD absorption compound this challenge. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a single ultra-high dose (UHD) of VD prior to starting transplant. Methods: Ten consecutive HSCT recipients with a pre-transplant 25-OH VD level of <50 ng/mL were enrolled onto this study. A single oral UHD VD dose was administered based on patient weight and pre- transplant VD level prior to Day 0 (Figure 1). Peak blood VD level was defined as 2 consecutive levels in plateau or maximum level followed by subsequent decrease in measureable 25-OH VD. VD level of 30-150 ng/mL was counted as therapeutic. All patients received close monitoring of 25-OH VD levels, calcium, phosphate, PTH, urine calcium/creatinine ratio and n-telopeptide for safety assessment. Study subjects were monitored for 19 weeks. Number of days when therapeutic VD level was sustained after single VD dose was documented for each study subject. Results: Study subjects were an average of 6.6 years of age (range .75-17 years). Median pre-transplant 25-OH VD level was 27 (range 6.9-47.8). All patients were able to tolerate a single oral UHD of VD administration under direct medical supervision. No other oral VD supplements were administered. Three of 10 patients received 400 IU/day of VD in parenteral nutrition for 5 days only during the study window. All study patients achieved our therapeutic VD goal of >30 ng/mL and sustained a therapeutic VD level for a median of 9 weeks (range 6-19 weeks). A median peak VD level of 88 ng/ml (range 44-138 n/ml) was achieved a median 9 days (range 4-15 days) after single UHD VD dose. There were no electrolyte abnormalities attributed to the UHD VD. Seven of ten patients had elevated urine calcium/creatinine ratios during treatment, but none showed clinical signs of nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis. Concluson: A single oral ultra-high dose VD treatment given prior to HSCT is safe and well tolerated in children. Patients in our study were able to achieve and sustain therapeutic VD levels through the critical and challenging window of time during which VD sufficiency may contribute to improved overall survival. Larger prospective studies are needed to address the impact of single ultra-high dose VD treatment on HSCT outcomes.
Von den Anforderungen an die Rohkarosserie zu den Anforderungen an den Werkstoff* (2005)

Kurzfassung Bei der Auswahl der Werkstoffe für eine Rohkarosserie steht die Erfüllung der funktionalen Anforderungen aus Steifigkeit, Crash und Schwingfestigkeit im Vordergrund. Während die Steifigkeit einer Struktur nur durch den E-Modul und die Blechdicke sowie die geometrische Gestaltung der Bauteile beeinflusst werden kann, können Festigkeitsanforderungen aus Crash und Schwingfestigkeit durch die Verwendung hochfester Werkstoffe erfüllt werden. Die durch hochfeste Werkstoffe mögliche Reduzierung der Wandstärke der Bauteile kann zu einer verringerten Steifigkeit der Rohkarosserie führen, was aber, wie gezeigt werden soll, durch Strukturschäume ausgeglichen werden kann. Durch die eingesetzten hochfesten Werkstoffe ergeben sich zusätzliche Anforderungen an die Technologien der Prozesskette Presswerk – Rohbau – Lack.
A Little Exercise (2006)

All parts of the body which have a function if used in moderation and exercised inlabors in which each is accustomed, become thereby healthy, well developed and agemore slowly; but if unused and left idle they become liable to disease, defective ingrowth and age quickly.—Hippocrates, c. 450 B.C.Talk about wisdom! Nearly 2500 years later, the debate about exercise and aging continueswith little understanding of the topic beyond Hippocrates’ words.The report by the LIFE Study investigators on the Lifestyle Interventions and Independencefor Elders Pilot (LIFE-P) study that appears in this issue of the Journal adds to the growingnumber of reports demonstrating that well-designed and supervised training programsencompassing strength, balance, and/or endurance-promoting activities in the very old and/ordebilitated can improve performance on low-level functional tasks. Somewhat imbedded inthe findings is another increasingly well-documented principle—performance-based tests canidentify individuals on the brink of severe loss or decline in health and functional independence,some of whom will benefit from performance training and attention to the underlying functionaldeficits.The LIFE-P study adds pivotal information to the substantial and multifaceted literature on thebenefits of physical activity in older persons (1–13), and provides important evidence thatincreased physical exercise in older persons with functional limitations improves lowerextremity performance, one of the most important risk factors for late-life disability (14).Although large observational studies supported the role of exercise in late life as a means toimprove or slow down age-related decline in physical performance, it remained uncertainwhether this association was causal or whether physical activity just served as a proxy measurefor “life engagement or health behaviors” associated with better health. Further, althoughconsiderable data in the literature suggests that tests of lower extremity performance, such asthe Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), are quick and effective tools for identifyingolder persons at high risk of disability (15,16), evidence that SPPB score can be successfullymodified was limited to small studies.We compliment the authors for the scientific rigor of the LIFE-P study. No doubt they havebroken new ground and provided further justification and preliminary data critical to animproved design and conduct of a clinical trial to determine whether increasing physicalactivity prevents or delays disability in older persons.In the spirit of full disclosure, we should state that both authors of this editorial were involvedin early discussions about the design of the LIFE study. Below we offer the perspectives and
Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics in a Sod‐Based Rotation on Coastal Plain Soils (2014)

A frequently used cropping system in the southeastern Coastal Plain is an annual rotation of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) and peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) under conventional tillage (CT). The traditional peanut–cotton rotation (TR) often results in erosion and loss of soil organic carbon (SOC). Incorporation of bahiagrass ( Paspalum notatum Fluegge) into the peanut–cotton rotation for 2 yr (also called a sod‐based rotation or SBR) has been suggested for improving SOC, particularly in conjunction with conservation tillage practices. To determine the effect of the SBR on carbon sequestration, SOC and its isotopic composition were evaluated on established (>10 yr) crop rotation systems. Cropping systems evaluated included (i) TR under CT, (ii) TR under strip tillage (ST), (iii) SBR under CT, (iv) SBR under ST, and (v) SBR under ST with cattle grazing. Total SOC, bahiagrass‐derived SOC, and potential C mineralization increased in the top 10 cm of soil, indicating the potential for ST to improve soil fertility in SBR systems. Grazing bahiagrass decreased SOC in the 5 to 10 cm depth, but this effect was not observed for the subsequent peanut crop and did not appear to have a long‐term negative effect on SOC storage. The SBR did not show consistent improvements in total SOC compared with the TR. A 3‐yr comparison of SOC concentration revealed C increases in SBR and TR systems, indicating that other conservation practices (e.g., winter cover cropping) are the primary contributors to SOC storage for Coastal Plain soils evaluated in this study. Isotopic analysis of mineralized CO 2 indicated bahiagrass‐derived SOC may be preferred over C 3 crop‐derived SOC for degradation.
Acute Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Jump Force and Jump Rate of Force Development: A Comparative Study of Different Devices (2011)

The goal of this study was to compare the acute effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) delivered by 3 devices with different mechanical behavior on jump force (JF) and jump rate of force development (JRFD). Twelve healthy persons (4 women and 8 men; age 30.5 ± 8.8 years; height 178.6 ± 7.3 cm; body mass 74.8 ± 9.7 kg) were exposed to WBV for 15 and 40 seconds using 2 professional devices (power plate [PP; vertical vibration] and Galileo 2000 [GA; oscillatory motion around the horizontal axis in addition to vertical vibration]) and a home-use device [Power Maxx, PM; horizontal vibration]). The JF and JRFD were evaluated before, immediately after, and 5 minutes after WBV. The JF measured immediately after 40 seconds of vibration by the GA device was reduced (3%, p = 0.05), and JRFD measured after 5 minutes of rest after 40 seconds of vibration by the PM device was reduced (12%, p < 0.05) compared with the baseline value. The acute effects of WBV (15 or 40 seconds) on JF and JRFD were not significantly different among the 3 devices. In conclusion, our hypothesis that WBV devices with different mechanical behaviors would result in different acute effects on muscle performance was not confirmed.
Purification and Characterization of Silurus asotus (Catfish) Roe Lectin. (1993)

A rhamnose-binding lectin isolated from Silurus asotus (catfish) roe by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange and galactose-Sepharose affinity chromatographies predominantly agglutinated human type B and rabbit erythrocytes. S. asotus lectin (SAL) also agglutinated sarcoma 180 ascites carcinoma cells, but not AH109A cells. The most effective saccharide in hemagglutination inhibition assay was L-rhamnose. The monosaccharides possessing steric similarity to the hydroxyl group orientation at C2 and C4 of the pyranose ring structure of L-rhamnose, such as L-mannose and L-lyxose, were also effective. The molecular weight of SAL was determined to be 38000 by size exclusion chromatography on TSK gel G3000SW and 33000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. SAL did not require a Ca2+ ion or free thiol group for its agglutination activity. The N-terminal 29 amino acid sequence was determined by a gas-phase sequencer as follows, ANMITCYGDVQKLHXETGLIIVKSXLYGR (X: not determined). It has no homology to the sequences of well known vertebrate lectins.