gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Chimaphila japonica in Southern Part of Korea (1998)

Enzyme electrophoresis was used to estimate genetic diversity and population structure of Chimaphila japonica Miq. in Korea. The percent of polymorphic loci within the enzymes was 48.7%. Genetic diversity at the species level and at the population level was high (Hes=0.278 ; Hep=0.222, respectively), whereas the extent of the population divergence was relatively low ( =0.079). , a measure of the deviation from random mating within the 7 populations, was 0.355. An indirect estimate of the number of migrants per generation (Nm=2.61) indicates that gene flow is high among Korean populations of the species. In addition, analysis of fixation indices revealed a substantial heterozygosity deficiency in some populations and at some loci. Factors contributing to the high levels of genetic dive-rsity found in the entire species of C. japonica include wide distribution, long-lived perennials, ability to regenerate due to rhizomatous spread, outcrossing induced by animal vectors, and occasional pollen dispersal by wind.
Arctic (1984)

Arctic is a language for the specification and implementation of real-time control systems. Unlike more conventional languages for real-time control, which emphasize concurrency, Arctic is a stateless language in which the relationships between system inputs, outputs and intermediate terms are expressed as operations on time-varying functions. Arctic allows discrete events or conditions to invoke and modify responses asynchronously, but because programs have no state, synchronization problems are greatly simplified. Furthermore, Arctic programs are non-sequential, and the timing of system responses is notated explicitly. This eliminates the need for the programmer to be concerned with the execution sequence, which accounts for much of the difficulty in real-time programming.
Automatic Derivation of Abstract Semantics From Instruction Set Descriptions (2011)

Abstracted semantics of instructions of processor-based architectures are an invaluable asset for several formal verification techniques, such as software model checking and static analysis. In the field of model checking, abstract versions of instructions can help counter the state explosion problem, for instance by replacing explicit values by symbolic representations of sets of values. Similar to this, static analyses often operate on an abstract domain in order to reduce complexity, guarantee termination, or both. Hence, for a given microcontroller, the task at hand is to find such abstractions. Due to the large number of available microcontrollers, some of which are even created for specific applications, it is impracticable to rely on human developers to perform this step. Therefore, we propose a technique that starts from imperative descriptions of instructions,
which allows to automate most of the process.
Improvements of Feedback Control Algorism in Two-Dimensional Vector Magnetic Property Measurements (2010)

This paper presents comparison of feedback control algorisms of magnetic flux conditions in two-dimensional vector magnetic property measurements under high magnetic field over 1.6 T. In order to develop a fast measurement algorism, several PID feedback control methods were tested. The results show that the proportion-derivative precedence type (I-PD) control is suitable for reduction of measurement times in vector magnetic property measurements.
The order of processing events in mouse mammary tumor virus envelope protein maturation: implications for the location of the glucocorticoid-regulated step. (1990)

Treatment of the W7MG1 mouse T lymphoma cell line with glucocorticoid stimulates directly or indirectly two observable steps in the processing of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) envelope glycoprotein precursor Pr74: cleavage of Pr74 to yield the mature glycoprotein products gp52 and gp33, and processing of the N-linked oligosaccharides to endoglycosidase H (endo H)-resistant forms found on the mature products but not on the precursor. Therefore, the primary hormone-regulated event in this pathway must occur at or before the point where MMTV envelope proteins become endo H resistant. Pulse-chase analyses identified a novel endo H-resistant 80-kDa species (designated gp80) as a processing intermediate. Therefore, in contrast to conclusions drawn for the envelope proteins of several other retroviruses, proteolytic cleavage of MMTV envelope proteins occurs after acquisition of endo H resistance. Also, proteolytic cleavage cannot be the primary hormone-regulated step. Second, inhibition of mannosidase II by the drug swainsonine did not prevent Pr74 from being proteolytically processed, thus demonstrating that conversion of oligosaccharide chains from endo H-sensitive to -resistant forms was not a prerequisite for proteolytic cleavage. Therefore, the requisite hormone-regulated event in MMTV glycoprotein processing must precede both acquisition of endo H resistance and proteolytic cleavage. This places the regulated event in the endoplasmic reticulum or early Golgi.
Zur Koordination des Magnesiums im Pyrop und Untersuchungen über dessen thermische Zersetzung (1969)

Abstract Mit strukturanalytischen Methoden wurde gezeigt, daß die Kationenlage der Symmetrie 222 in Granaten im Fall des Pyrops in 44 statistisch besetzte allgemeine Lagen aufspaltet, welche die spezielle Lage im Abstand von 0,07 Å umgeben. ‐ Ferner wurde nachgewiesen, daß Fe II ‐haltiger Pyrop sich beim Erhitzen auf 1150°C in Bronzit umwandelt.
Reduced focal adhesion kinase and paxillin phosphorylation in BCR‐ABL‐transfected cells (2002)

The authors conclude that, in the current system, transfection of BCR-ABL attenuates FAK and paxillin phosphorylation and reduces actin polymerization, events accompanied by significant alterations in cellular morphology. The observation that exposure of the cells to fibronectin partially reverses all these changes suggests that the focal adhesion proteins and actin structures nevertheless remain responsive to signaling from the outside.
Structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of the Co-Fe-Al oxide spinel system: Density-functional theory calculations (2007)

A systematic study of nine binary and ternary spinel oxides formed from Co, Al, and Fe is presented by means of density functional theory. Analysis of the structural, magnetic, and electronic properties through the series of materials is carried out. Preference for the octahedral spinel sites are found in the order $\mathrm{Fe}<\mathrm{Co}<\mathrm{Al}$. The electronic band gaps of ${\mathrm{Co}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ are shown to remain largely unchanged as Al is substituted into the lattice forming ${M}_{2}\mathrm{Al}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ $(M=\mathrm{Fe},\mathrm{Co})$, but increase greater than $1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ for $M{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ as the octahedral $M$ metal sites are lost. However, for stoichiometric $\mathrm{Fe}{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, the unsatisfied valence state of Fe results in partial occupation of the conduction band. The results and chemical trends are discussed in terms of atomic site and orbital energies, and in relation to potential photoelectrolysis activity for the splitting of water as a renewable means of hydrogen production.
Absetzphänomene nach chronischer β-Blockade: Ursachen und therapeutische Konsequenzen<sup>*</sup> <sup>1</sup> (2008)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
THE AFFINITY OF LEAD(II) FOR NITROGEN-DONOR LIGANDS (1977)

Abstract The following formation constants are reported for lead(II) with imidazole (lm) at 25°C in 0.5 M 1mHNO3: log K 1 1.10 ± 0.04, log K 2 0.99 ± 0.04. The pK a of 1m in 0.5 M ImHNO3 at 25°C is 6.972 ± 0.003. log K 1 for tead(II) with Im is fairly close to log K 1 (NH3) 1.6 for lead(II) predicted using a model of the chelate effect based on the asymmetry of the standard state. Since log K 1 (lm) and log K 1 (NH3) for any one metalion are invariably close together, the agreement in log K 1 for the lead(II) Im and NH3 complexes indicates that the model can be used to estimate the formation constants of complexes that cannot exist in water because of hydrolysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐4‐Deoxy‐4‐fluoro‐myo‐inositol. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of different analogs of Lyso-SF on II activation by gd-fXa/fVa/PL. (2015)

<p>The effects of lyso-SF (closed diamonds), psychosine (open squares), glucopsychosine (open triangles), lyso-sphingomyelin (open circles), and N-acetyl sulfatide (closed squares) on the activation of II by gd-fXa/fVa/PL are shown.</p>
Photoswitching the Efficacy of a Small‐Molecule Ligand for a Peptidergic GPCR: from Antagonism to Agonism (2018)

For optical control of GPCR function, we set out to develop small-molecule ligands with photoswitchable efficacy in which both configurations bind the target protein but exert distinct pharmacological effects, that is, stimulate or antagonize GPCR activation. Our design was based on a previously identified efficacy hotspot for the peptidergic chemokine receptor CXCR3 and resulted in the synthesis and characterization of five new azobenzene-containing CXCR3 ligands. G protein activation assays and real-time electrophysiology experiments demonstrated photoswitching from antagonism to partial agonism and even to full agonism (compound VUF16216). SAR evaluation suggests that the size and electron-donating properties of the substituents on the inner aromatic ring are important for the efficacy photoswitching. These compounds are the first GPCR azo ligands with a nearly full efficacy photoswitch and may become valuable pharmacological tools for the optical control of peptidergic GPCR signaling.
Travel time analysis of borehole seismic data (1983)

A method is presented for reducing travel time data from multiple offset borehole seismic experiments to velocity‐depth structure. The technique, which treats simultaneously data from any number of depths in the borehole in addition to surface data, is based on the linear inversion scheme of Dorman and Jacobson (1981). Given the parameters ζ(p) = T(p) + pX(p) and τ(p) = T(p) − pX(p), the method solves for depth to specified slownesses, assuming linear gradients (in velocity) between slowness values. A practical limitation on the use of surface travel time measurements to resolve velocity‐depth structure is the necessity of assuming a surface velocity. This is not necessary for the case of borehole data. For a borehole receiver the velocity at the depth of the receiver can be obtained from the slope of the inflection point of the travel time curve. Thus a direct measure of the uppermost velocity of a section can be obtained from the travel time data of a shallow borehole receiver. Estimation of velocities from the inflection points of deeper receivers improves the resolution of the velocity‐depth function, which would be obtained from surface data alone. The technique is applied to data from three borehole seismic experiments in oceanic crust. The experiments were carried out in the western Atlantic (crustal age ∼110 m.y.), the Gulf of California (crustal age ∼1 m.y.) and the Costa Rica Rift Area (crustal age ∼6 m.y.). All three experiments show relatively high upper crustal velocities ( >4.0 km/s), suggesting that layer 2A is not present even in the very young crust. All sites had over 100 m of sediment thickness, and it is postulated that sediment thickness and sediment permeability, not merely age, govern the velocity of the upper crust by accelerating the cementation of fractures and cracks.
Distributed Software Defined Networking Controller Failure Mode and Availability Analysis (2019)

Given the critical role Software Defined Networking controllers play in cloud computing and networking architectures, understanding their resiliency profile is crucial. Using OpenContrail as a reference architecture, we analyze the typical distributed controller failure modes and their effects on the control and data planes. We then develop hardware- and software-centric theoretical availability models for a variety of physical topologies and software modes of operation. These parametric models are used to predict availability and quantify sensitivity to underlying platform and process resiliency. The results suggest that the distributed control plane can achieve very high availability, while the host data plane may achieve much lower availability due to inherent single points of failure.
Growth Phase-Dependent Expression of Drug Exporters in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Its Contribution to Drug Tolerance (2006)

Drug exporters contribute to the intrinsic drug resistance in many organisms. Although there are at least 20 exporter genes in Escherichia coli, most of them apparently do not confer drug resistance in complex laboratory media except for the AcrAB, EmrE, and MdfA efflux systems. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the growth phase-dependent expression of drug exporter genes. The expression of acrAB, emrAB, emrD, emrE, emrKY, mdfA, and ydgFE is stable at moderate levels during any growth phase, whereas mdtEF promoter activity greatly increased with cell growth and reached the maximum level at the late stationary phase. The growth phase-dependent increase in mdtEF expression was also observed on quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis. As expected from the transporter expression, the stationary-phase cells actually showed MdtEF-dependent tolerance to drugs and toxic dyes. Growth phase-dependent elevation of mdtEF expression was found to be mediated by the stationary-phase sigma factor rpoS and the RpoS-dependent signaling pathway, Hfq, GadY, and GadX. The induction level was decreased by tnaAB deletion, suggesting that indole sensing stimulates this process.
Abstract 4233: Protolimonoids potently suppress mitochondrial respiration and disrupt protein translation in breast tumor cells (2011)

Abstract Hypoxia (decreased oxygen tension) is a common feature of solid tumors and represents an obstacle for cancer treatment. The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) has emerged as an important molecular target for antitumor hypoxia drug discovery. A natural product chemistry-based approach was utilized to identify small-molecule HIF-1 inhibitors. Over 20,000 extracts of plants and marine organisms were evaluated for HIF-1 inhibitory activities. An active extract of the sacred medicinal Bael Tree (Aegle marmelos) trunk bark was subjected to bioassay-guided isolation and de-replication-based structure elucidation yielded two known protolimonoids skimmiarepin A (1) and C (2). Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited hypoxia-induced HIF-1 activation in a human breast tumor T47D cell-based reporter assay (IC50 values 0.063 and 0.068 μM, respectively). The hypoxic induction of HIF-1 target genes GLUT-1 and VEGF were also inhibited by 1 and 2. Mechanistic investigation revealed that 1 and 2 suppressed HIF-1 activation by blocking the accumulation of nuclear HIF-1α protein under hypoxic conditions. To test the hypothesis that these protolimonoids may interfere with hypoxic signaling by disrupting mitochondrial function, the effects of 1 and 2 on cellular respiration were examined. Both compounds inhibited T47D cell respiration at the range of concentrations that inhibited hypoxic HIF-1 activation. Compound 1 suppressed mitochondrial electron transport chain at complex I (NADH dehydrogenase). Under experimental conditions, neither 1 nor rotenone (positive control for complex I inhibitor) decreased cellular ATP content following a two-day exposure. However, rotenone and 1 suppressed cellular signaling pathways that control protein translation. While it is commonly believed that the antitumor activity of mitochondrial inhibitors is a consequence of their ability to inhibit cellular ATP production, the disruption of protein translation appears to constitute an important mechanism by which mitochondrial inhibitors obstruct tumor cell proliferation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4233. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4233
Model Order Reduction for Neutral Systems by Moment Matching (2012)

Circuits with delay elements are very popular and important in the simulation of very-large-scale integration (VLSI) systems. Neutral systems (NSs) with multiple constant delays (MCDs), for example, can be used to model the partial element equivalent circuits (PEECs), which are widely used in high-frequency electromagnetic (EM) analysis. In this paper, the model order reduction (MOR) problem for the NS with MCDs is addressed by moment matching method. The nonlinear exponential terms coming from the delayed states and the derivative of the delayed states in the transfer function of the original NS are first approximated by a Padé approximation or a Taylor series expansion. This has the consequence that the transfer function of the original NS is exponential-free and the standard moment matching method for reduction is readily applied. The Padé approximation of exponential terms gives an expanded delay-free system, which is further reduced to a delay-free reduced-order model (ROM). A Taylor series expansion of exponential terms lets the inverse in the original transfer function have only powers-of-s terms, whose coefficient matrices are of the same size as the original NS, which results in a ROM modeled by a lower-order NS. Numerical examples are included to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms and the comparison with existing MOR methods, such as the linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based method.
Antral release of gastrin and somatostatin in duodenal ulcer and control subjects. (1986)

Organ culture was used to compare gastrin and somatostatin release from cultured antral mucosa obtained from duodenal ulcer and non-ulcer (control) subjects. In response to dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBCAMP) cultured antral mucosal explants from patients with a history of duodenal ulcer released a greater proportion of antral gastrin into the medium than did antral mucosal explants from non-ulcer subjects. Somatostatin release from antral mucosa from duodenal ulcer patients was substantially less than somatostatin released by antral explants from non-ulcer subjects. In the non-ulcer subjects there was a direct positive correlation between the amounts of antral somatostatin and gastrin released into the culture medium (r = 0.64, less than p 0.01). In the duodenal ulcer patients, however, there was no correlation between gastrin release and somatostatin release from antral mucosa ( r = 0.09; p greater than 0.2). Results of these studies identify enhanced gastrin release in response to stimulation and decreased release of somatostatin from antral mucosa of duodenal ulcer patients. These alterations in paracrine relationships of antral somatostatin and gastrin in duodenal ulcer subjects may contribute, at least in part, to the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer disease.
Biotechnology to Separate and Treat Metals in Sludge and Wastewater : A Literature Review (1995)

Army industrial sludge may be classified as a hazard-ous waste when it contains oil and grease, metals, and energetic compounds. It is difficult to treat this hazard-ous waste according to regulatory requirements at a reasonable cost using conventional sludge treatment methods. Biologic separation / treatment of metals from industrial sludge has been identified as a possible alternative to conventional technologies for treating industrial sludge. Biologic treatment of sludge uses naturally occurring biochemical reactions in which pollutants can be used as resources. The process offers a low-cost, highly efficient alternative to existing sludge treatment methods. This report summarizes a literature review that examined the development and status of biotech-nology to separate and treat metals in sludge and wastewater. DTIC
Provoking Thought, Changing Talk: Discussing Inequality (2010)

This occasional publication series is part of the Social Equity and Opportunity Forum in the Deanâ€™s Office of the College of Urban and Public Affairs. Directed by Janet Hammer, Ph.D., the Forum emphasizes the interconnectedness, interdependence, and shared values that are the connective tissue of our society while working to advance economic and social opportunity and reduce Inequality.
ATP confers tumorigenic properties to dendritic cells by inducing amphiregulin secretion (2010)

ATP, which has an important proinflammatory action as danger signal, induces the semimaturation of dendritic cells (DCs) that can be associated with immune tolerance. We identified epidermal growth factor receptor ligands as target genes of ATPγS, a slowly hydrolyzed ATP derivative, by a gene profiling approach in DCs. Amphiregulin was the most highly up-regulated gene in response to ATPγS. Human monocyte-derived DCs and mouse bone marrow-derived DCs released amphiregulin (AREG) after purinergic receptor activation, with a contribution of P2Y(11) and A(2B) receptor, respectively. Supernatants of LPS+ATPγS-stimulated DCs induced smooth muscle cell and Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cell growth in vitro. The coinjection of LPS+ATPγS-stimulated DCs or their supernatants with LLC cells increased tumor weight in mice compared with LPS-treated DCs. The preincubation of LPS+ATPγS-treated DC supernatants with an anti-AREG blocking antibody inhibited their positive effect on smooth muscle cell density and tumor growth. The present study demonstrates for the first time that DCs can be a source of AREG. ATP released from tumor cells might exert a tumorigenic action by stimulating the secretion of AREG from DCs. Antagonists of purinergic receptors expressed on DCs and anti-AREG blocking antibodies could have a therapeutic potential as antitumor agents.
Tolerance to Polyinosinic ⋅ Polycytidylic Acid in NZB/ NZW Mice (1970)

Immunological tolerance to polyinosinic * polycytidylic acid was induced in NZB/ NZW mice. This is the first experimental induction of tolerance to a nucleic antigen.
Evidence for <i>in vivo</i> macrophage mediated tumor uptake of paramagnetic/fluorescent liposomes (2009)

Dysprosium (Dy)-loaded liposomes act as excellent T(2)-susceptibility agents at high magnetic field strength. The R(2)-enhancement increases with the size of the liposomes and the concentration of entrapped paramagnetic metal complexes. Neuro-2a tumor cells are readily labeled when Dy-loaded liposomes, suitably functionalized with glutamine residues (Gln), are added to the culture medium as glutamine receptors are highly expressed in such proliferating tumor cells. By using fluorescent liposomes doped with fluorescent dyes (either incorporated in the membrane or included in the inner cavity), confocal microscopy experiments showed that targeted liposomes are taken up much more avidly than non-targeted vesicles. In vivo studies showed that glutamine-functionalized and non-functionalized liposomes accumulate in the tumor region to a similar extent. Confocal images of the excised tumor showed extensive co-localization of liposomes and macrophages in both cases. It is suggested that the loss of tumor specificity, shown by Gln-functionalized liposomes in vivo, has to be associated with the efficient removal of liposomes operated by the RES (reticulo endoplasmatic system) or tumor associated macrophages.