gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of copoly(arylene sulfide)s (1999)

Copolymerizations of p-dichlorobenzene (DCB)/4-bromophenyl ether (BPE), DCB/4,4′-dibromobiphenyl (DBB), and DBB/BPE pairs with sodium sulfide under high temperature (270–290°C) utilizing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) as solvent were carried out to give C(DCB/BPE), C(DCB/DBB), and C(DBB/BPE) copolymers, respectively. The reactivity of dihaloaromatic monomers toward thiolate anion in the polycondensation reaction followed the order DBB > DCB > BPE. The reactivity gap between DBB and DCB toward thiolate anion seemed to be smaller than that between BPE and DCB, resulting in both high yield and high molecular weight in the C(DCB/DBB) copolymers compared to C(DCB/BPE) copolymers. The copolymerization of DBB/BPE pair with sodium sulfide, which has larger reactivity gap than the DCB/DBB or DCB/BPE pair, gave mixtures of PBS and PPSE homopolymers especially in the range of 50–80 mol % BPE in the feed. The C(DCB/DBB) and C(DCB/BPE) copolymers, however, exhibited random copolymer character in all comonomer ratios in the feed as evidenced by copolymer composition and DSC data. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 2311–2317, 1999
<b>Thermal behavior of diesel/biodiesel blends of biodiesel obtained from buriti oil</b> - doi: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v34i2.12797 (2011)

Biodiesel has been obtained from methanolysis of buriti oil. This biodiesel was added in fossil diesel in order to obtain diesel/biodiesel blends. Thermal analysis of blends were carried on 30-600 o C range at rate of 10 o C min. - . Kinetic parameters such as activation energy (Ea), pre-exponential factor (A), Gibbs energy ( G), enthalpy ( H) and entropy ( S) of activation were determined by using Coats-Redfern equation. The Ea, H and G values presented a linear increase with biodiesel amount added in blends. The heat of combustion of diesel/biodiesel blends was determined, and it was observed that the heat of combustion decreased with the addition of biodiesel in diesel/biodiesel blends.
Thermorheologically Complex Self-Seeded Melts of Propylene–Ethylene Copolymers (2017)

A novel approach to study self-nucleation in semicrystalline polymers is presented. Self-nucleation, i.e., the peculiar increase of recrystallization kinetics associated with a range of melting temperatures above or below the melting point, is investigated in parallel with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheological measurements, for a series of metallocene propene/ethylene random copolymers of varying comonomer content. DSC experiments revealed the exact temperature region where self-nucleation effects are detected in the various samples, while with dynamic viscoelastic results the obedience to the time–temperature superposition principle (TTS) is tested, for both self-nucleated and homogeneous melts. Self-nucleated melts do not obey to the TTS principle, contrary to fully isotropic copolymer melts. Such rheological thermocomplexity constitutes the first physical experimental evidence of the presence of melt heterogeneities, which act as self-nuclei when the melt is cooled and recrystallizes. The degree of thermorheological complexity of the different copolymers is quantified and correlated with the original crystalline content of the copolymer.
Further Investigation of Discharge Coefficient for PTC 6 Flow Nozzle in High Reynolds Number (2015)

The discharge coefficients of the throat tap flow nozzle based on ASME PTC 6 are measured in wide Reynolds number range from Red=5.8×104 to Red=1.4×107. The nominal discharge coefficient (the discharge coefficient without tap) is determined from the discharge coefficients measured for different tap diameters. The tap effects are correctly obtained by subtracting the nominal discharge coefficient from the discharge coefficient measured. Finally, by combing the nominal discharge coefficient and the tap effect determined in three flow regions, that is, laminar, transitional and turbulent flow region, the new equations of the discharge coefficient are proposed in three flow regions.
On the Design of Low-Power Front-End Receiver Circuits for Broadband Optical Free-Space Links (2007)

Optical wireless technology is emerging as a key broadband access technology for short-range, broadband wireless applications, offering several advantages over conventional RF systems in terms of connection speed, power efficiency, low transceiver complexity, networking security, and unregulated bandwidths in the THz range. This paper reviews design aspects of low-power, front-end optical wireless receiver circuits and presents a low-noise front-end preamplifier circuit implementing self-biased, automatic gain control and capable of integration with wide field of view detectors necessary for broadband optical wireless applications. The preamplifier is implemented in a low-cost commodity CMOS technology. For a gain variation of 38 dB to 50 dB, the front-end maintains a stable response and minimum 3 dB bandwidth of 345 MHz with a 6 pF photodiode capacitance. The input-referred noise is 12.5 pA/radicHz at 350 MHz.
Usefulness of Diffusion-Weighted MRI in Diagnosis of Upper Urinary Tract Cancer (2010)

DWI provides accurate information for the diagnosis of upper urinary tract cancer in a noninvasive manner. The additional use of DWI to T1- and T2-weighted imaging increases the sensitivity of MRI in identifying upper urinary tract cancer with excellent interobserver agreement. Furthermore, DWI could be a useful adjunct to preoperative assessment of histologic grade.
Studies on the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by the use of ligated rabbit intestines (the De test). (1976)

The De test was used as a test to assess the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vivo. The test was positive in rabbits inoculated intraintestinally with the protease and elastase-producing strain IFO 3455 of P. aeruginosa whereas it was negative in those inoculated with the nonproducing strains NC-5 or PA103. Animals similarly injected with not less than 2.0 mg of protease or elastase showed positive De tests. The intestinal lesions produced in the animals with positive reaction to the inoculation with the enzyme-producing strain IFO 3455 was histopathologically characterized by atrophy, detachment and flattening of the mucosa with submucosal hemorrhage and atrophy of the Auerbach's plexus, which were nearly comparable to a sum of the microscopic findings found in the animals inoculated with respective enzymes singly. Namely, villi were noted to be atrophic and hemorrhage from the submucosal blood vessels was prominent with atrophy of the mesenteric plexus in the rabbits inoculated with protease alone, whereas in those injected with elastase alone, submucosal hemorrhage was less prominent besides the atrophy of the villi and mesenteric plexuses were markedly atrophic. These experimental findings are considered to suggest that the two enzymes liberated from P. aeruginosa, protease and elastase, may be implicated in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa enteritis.
Oculopalatal tremor and severe late-onset cerebellar ataxia (2008)

Oculopalatal tremor and severe late-onset cerebellar ataxia Following four recurrent bleedings of a mesencephalic cavernoma within 10 years (figure 1A), a 62-year-old woman demonstrated left kinetic cerebellar syndrome.She then developed oculopalatal tremor (OPT) associated with bilateral inferior olive hyperintensity (figure 1B).Gamma knife radiation was performed, but she developed severe cerebellar ataxia.OPT secondary to brainstem strokes and associated with progressive ataxia is rare. 1 Diffusion tensor MRI (DTI) showed decreased number of fibers in the right tegmentum of the patient as compared to a control subject (figure 2).These results give credit to the hypothesis of central tegmental tract interruption in pathophysiology of OPT (figure 1C).
Phorbol ester inhibition of vasopressin‐induced calcium efflux from cultured rat aortic myocytes (1986)

The effect of the protein kinase C activator TPA was investigated on AVP-induced 45Ca release from rat aortic myocytes. In the nanomolar range TPA, but not 4 beta-phorbol, reduced the brief 45Ca efflux produced by AVP in the presence or in the absence of extracellular calcium. The maximal effect of TPA was to abolish the response to a half maximally active concentration of AVP, and to reduce by 50% the maximal response to the hormone. These results suggest that protein kinase C activation can exert a negative control on the early AVP-induced calcium mobilization in vascular smooth muscle.
A Tale of Genome Compartmentalization: The Evolution of Virulence Clusters in Smut Fungi (2016)

Smut fungi are plant pathogens mostly parasitizing wild species of grasses as well as domesticated cereal crops. Genome analysis of several smut fungi including Ustilago maydis revealed a singular clustered organization of genes encoding secreted effectors. In U. maydis, many of these clusters have a role in virulence. Reconstructing the evolutionary history of clusters of effector genes is difficult because of their intrinsically fast evolution, which erodes the phylogenetic signal and homology relationships. Here, we describe the use of comparative evolutionary analyses of quality draft assemblies of genomes to study the mechanisms of this evolution. We report the genome sequence of a South African isolate of Sporisorium scitamineum, a smut fungus parasitizing sugar cane with a phylogenetic position intermediate to the two previously sequenced species U. maydis and Sporisorium reilianum. We show that the genome of S. scitamineum contains more and larger gene clusters encoding secreted effectors than any previously described species in this group. We trace back the origin of the clusters and find that their evolution is mainly driven by tandem gene duplication. In addition, transposable elements play a major role in the evolution of the clustered genes. Transposable elements are significantly associated with clusters of genes encoding fast evolving secreted effectors. This suggests that such clusters represent a case of genome compartmentalization that restrains the activity of transposable elements on genes under diversifying selection for which this activity is potentially beneficial, while protecting the rest of the genome from its deleterious effect.
Correspondence Thermal Conductivity of Granulated Beds (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrespondence Thermal Conductivity of Granulated BedsH. S. Strickler and W. G. SchneiderCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1954, 46, 4, 828Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50532a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50532a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views12Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Transmitter Diversity With Phase-Division Applied to Optical GEO Feeder Links (2021)

The high data rates enabled by free-space optical communication links and additional factors, such as the unregulated spectrum, make them an attractive solution in future geostationary feeder link applications with capacities beyond one Terabit per second. However, optical links through the atmosphere are heavily affected by atmospheric turbulence, leading to significant scintillation. Transmitter diversity is an effective way to improve the signal quality of optical links. Transmitter diversity with Phase-Division in Bit-Time is a novel scheme for mitgating interference and thus enabling the use of equal wavelengths for multiple transmitters. This paper will evalute the Phase-Division in Bit-Time transmitter diversity scheme and present measurement results from a lab testbed.
Pharmacology of the new H1-receptor antagonist setastine hydrochloride. (1990)

Setastine HCl (N-(1-phenyl-1-[4-chlorophenyl])-etoxy-ethylene-perhydroazepine hydrochloride, Loderix; CAS 64294-95-7) is a potent antagonist of histamine H1-receptor mediated responses. The antihistamine activity of the compound is similar to that of clemastine fumarate in the following assays: histamine-induced lethality and bronchospasm in guinea-pigs, plasma extravasation in rats, and contractile action in isolated guinea-pig ileum. Setastine HCl inhibits anaphylactic shock in guinea-pigs sensitized by horse serum. No antiserotonin, anticholinergic and antiadrenergic effect of the compound can be detected. Setastine HCl has a long lasting (up to 16 h) antihistamine effect with a good oral effectiveness. It shows no cardiovascular effects in cats. Setastine HCl shows a much weaker CNS depressant activity than clemestine fumarate measuring inhibition of amphetamine-induced hypermotility, rotarod performance, potentiation of ethanol-narcosis in mice, and prolongation of hexobarbital sleeping time in rats. In displacement studies (3H-mepyramine) setastine HCl had significantly weaker affinity for the central nervous system (CNS) H1-receptors than clemastine fumarate. It is concluded that setastine HCl is a non-sedative highly active H1-antagonist.
A Smart Bioconjugate of Alginate and Pectinase with Unusual Biological Activity toward Chitosan (2003)

The commercial preparation of pectinase (Pectinex Ultra SP-L) was conjugated to alginate by noncovalent interactions by employing 1% alginate during the conjugation protocol. The optimum "immobilization efficiency" was 0.76. The pH optimum and the thermal stability of the enzyme remained unchanged upon conjugation with alginate. The soluble bioconjugate showed a 3-fold increase in V(max)/K(m) as compared to the free enzyme when the smart biocatalyst was used for chitosan hydrolysis. Time course hydrolysis of chitosan thus showed higher conversion of chitosan into reducing oligosaccharides/sugars. The smart bioconjugate could be reused five times without any detectable loss of chitosanase activity.
Localization of the Active Site of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase-associated RNase H Domain on a DNA Template Using Site-specific Generated Hydroxyl Radicals (1998)

Reverse transcriptase (RT)-associated ribonuclease H (RNase H) can cleave both the RNA template of DNA/RNA hybrids as well as double-stranded (ds) RNA. This report shows that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-RT can also cleave the template strand of dsDNA when Mg2+ is replaced by Fe2+ in the RNase H active site of HIV-RT. The cleavage mechanisms as well as the positions of the cut vary depending on whether RNA or DNA is used. While DNA is cleaved 17 base positions upstream of the primer 3'-end, RNA is cleaved 18 base positions upstream. Competition experiments show that Fe2+ replaces the catalytically active Mg2+ of RT-associated RNase H. The bound Fe2+ is the source of locally generated OH-radicals that cleave the most proximate base in the DNA. Electrophoretic mobility studies of the cleaved fragments suggest that DNA is cleaved by an oxidative mechanism, while RNA is cleaved by an enzymatic mechanism which is indistinguishable from the Mg2+-dependent cleavage. The Fe2+-dependent cuts can be used to trace the active site of RT-associated RNase H on dsDNA as well as on dsRNA and DNA/RNA hybrids. The observed 1 base difference in the cleavage positions on DNA and RNA templates can be attributed to conformational differences of the bound nucleic acids. We suggest that the lower pitch of dsRNA and DNA/RNA hybrids compared with dsDNA permits accommodation of an additional base pair in the region between the primer 3'-end and the Fe2+-dependent cleavage position at the RNase H active site.
Cancer Biology (2016)

Cancer biology is an immense scientific discipline that incorporates complementary knowledge derived from diverse exploratory studies pertaining to cellular malignant transformation. The tissue origins of cancer can be traced back to specific embryonic cell layers, with human beings and companion animals exhibiting some divergence in the predominant tissue origins for the most commonly occurring cancers. Nervous tissues develop from the gastrulation and transplantation of the ectodermal germ cell layer with subsequent formation of the neuroectoderm, which can give rise to cancers of the central and peripheral nervous system including astrocytomas, neuroblastomas, schwannomas, oligodendrogliomas, and medulloblastomas. Agents or conditions that alter DNA and promote the development of cancer can be categorized into three different carcinogenic categories: chemical, physical, or biological. Complementing the actions of growth self-sufficiency, cancer cells also exhibit insensitivity to antigrowth signals, and in combination, both properties promote and accelerate the unrestrained proliferation of cancer cells.
Morphology-guided radiosurgery treatment planning and optimization for multiple isocenters (1999)

This work merges two distinct fields, 3D morphology and ionizing radiation dosimetry, to solve the problem of 3D-treatment planning and optimization in stereotactic radiosurgery. In Leksell Gamma Knife radiosurgery, dose delivery is based on the unit "shot," a dose distribution approximately spherical in shape. Multiple shots, or isocenters, are used in Gamma Knife treatment to deliver a conformal dose to an irregular radiosurgical target. The medial axis transformation, or skeleton, of the target, which uniquely characterizes the target volume and shape, is used to determine the optimal shot positions (isocenters), sizes (collimator helmet size and dosimetric weight), and the total number of shots that will deliver a conformal dose distribution to the target. The skeletonization approach reduces a complicated 3D-optimization problem to 1D searching with potential savings in computation time and mathematical complexity. In addition, optimization based on target shape replicates and automates manual treatment planning. This approach makes the process easily understandable. The relationship between skeleton discs and the dose distributions they predict is discussed. Results of optimal plans and corresponding dose distributions are presented. This approach is generally applicable to other types of multi-isocentric stereotactic radiosurgery techniques.
Application of a Novel Open-Hole Horizontal Well Completion in Saudi Arabia (2008)

Abstract Horizontal completion technology has progressed dramatically over the last six years, with the latest technical barriers being eclipsed with open-hole technology. These completions have allowed multiple zones to be fractured and the benefits of utilizing open-hole horizontal completion technology have been well documented. The efficiencies and benefits of utilizing open-hole completion with mechanical isolation, has lead to the operational benefits of multiple fracturing operations being pumped in one continuous operation equating to time savings, more efficient fractures, faster cleanup and less safety hazards. Conventional methods of cementing a liner in place, perforating, fracturing and repeating the process for the number of stages required can be very time consuming with added expense of removing the frac plugs with coiled tubing after the operations have been completed. When drilling a horizontal well, there are two preferred completion options. First, the horizontal section can be completed open-hole or with slotted/preperforated liner. In these completions effective stimulation along the horizontal wellbore is almost impossible. The second completion system, cased/perforated liner, requires cementing the production liner and running multiple isolation systems to effectively treat different sections of the wellbore. Multiple coiled tubing trips and multiple rig-up and rig-down of the stimulation equipment is required. These multi-stage horizontal completions take weeks to complete at high costs and elevated risks. Ultimately, the high completion costs or the lack of production due to ineffective stimulation make many reservoirs uneconomical to exploit. This paper will discuss the new completion designed specifically for open-hole fracturing of both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. This innovative, field proven system greatly increases the effectiveness of fracturing operations by segmenting the lateral and producing mechanical isolation points in the wellbore using the high performance open-hole packers. The system allows precision placement of fracturing fluids to maximize post-fracture productivity of the well. The completion system is run as part of an uncemented liner and spaced out based on the required number of stages. Once in place the packers are hydraulically set and fracturing treatments are pumped in separate stages but as a single continuous operation. By eliminating cementing requirements, natural fractures are undamaged and easily stimulated during pumping operations.
Reactions of epimeric 2,2'-diacetyl-1,1',2,2'-tetrahydro-1,1'-biisoquinolines (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of epimeric 2,2'-diacetyl-1,1',2,2'-tetrahydro-1,1'-biisoquinolinesRonald A. Henry, Arnold T. Nielsen, and Donald W. MooreCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 21, 3206–3209Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00986a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views142Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (604 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Minimizing power dissipation in chip to chip optical interconnects using optimal modulators and laser power (2004)

We optimize the laser power and quantum well (QW) modulator metrics (contrast ratio (CR), insertion loss (IL)) to minimize power dissipation in short distance, modulator based, optical interconnects. We correspondingly quantify the optimal CR/IL modulator requirements as a function of various bit rates and a parameter dictated by voltage swing. This ultimately yields higher aggregate I/O bandwidth for chip to chip communication in power limited chips.