gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of path diversity on the loss performance of UDP packets over the internet (2008)

In this paper we investigate the effect of path diversity on the packet loss performance through simulations and experiments using three overlay networks created on top of the PlanetLab testbed. The overlay network consists of a number of relay nodes that are positioned around the Internet. In each of the overlay networks UDP packets are streamed from a client to a destination for a period of 50 days, across up to six paths with a static packet dispatching algorithm. From the results obtained, we can see that increasing the number of paths could increase as well as decrease the packet loss probability, depending on the network environment and the structure of the multiple paths created. We have also investigated the correlation in the underlying network and demonstrated the performance of the metric defined.
Luminescence properties, crystal structure and LED package of potential blue-emitting phosphors - Ca_2BN_2F:Eu^2+ (2012)

A blue-emitting phosphor - Ca2BN2F:Eu2+ was synthesized by a solid state reaction. Ca2BN2F crystallizes in the orthorhombic system with space group Pnma (No. 62) and Z = 4. The Ca2BN2F:Eu2+ exhibites broad emission and excitation bands corresponding to the allowed f→d electronic transition of Eu2+. Concentration quenching of Eu2+ emission was observed for 1 mol% due to the energy transfer between Eu2+ ions via electric multipolar interaction with the critical transfer distance of about 25.11 Å. In addition, the thermal stability and applications of blue-emitting Ca2BN2F:Eu2+ phosphors in n-UV LED have been firstly discussed in this study. The preliminary data demonstrate that the novel blue-emitting phosphor exhibits the potential to be an n-UV convertible phosphor.
Effect of tiotropium on exhaled breath temperature in patients with COPD (2013)

Background: Reduced exhaled breath temperature (EBT) in COPD patients reflects reduced vasculature of the airways and profound structural changes in the lung structures. Tiotropium has bronchodilation and mucus diminishing effects and is largely prescribed for COPD treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of single inhalation and 1 week treatment with tiotropium on EBT of patients with stable COPD. Methods: We recruited 13 subjects (3 females, median age 66, range 46-80 years) with stable COPD who had not inhaled tiotropium for at least 2 weeks. All of them were smokers (4) or ex-smokers (9) with 42 (mean) ± 13 (standard deviation) pack years of smoking. We measured their lung function with a pneumotachograph based spirometer and their EBT by means of a portable handheld device (X-halo, DMI, Singapore) before and 60 min. after inhalation of 1 capsule of tiotropium (18 mcg). The same measurements were repeated after 1 week of treatment with tiotropium taken in the evening. Patients were asked not to make any changes in their regular treatment during the study. Results: EBT [°C, mean ± s.e.m.] did not change significantly before and after a single breath inhalation of tiotropium: 32.73±0.39 vs. 32.35±0.43, P=0.40, while forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) % predicted increased from 41.2±4.5 to 43.9±5.3, P=0.11. After 1 week of tiotropium treatment pre-inhalation EBT values increased from 32.73±0.39 to 33.24±0.28, P=0.024, FEV1% increased from 41.2±4.5 to 46.8±5.8, P=0.019 respectively. Conclusions: EBT increases significantly after 1 week of regular treatment with tiotropium, while a single inhalation of it leads to a drop (insignificant with the number of patients we tested).
Network Performance of the Prodigy Parallel AI Machine (1989)

Abstract This paper analyzes the network performance of the Prodigy parallel AI machine, which is currently being developed. This machine is a multiprocessor system focusing on knowledge information processing problems with fine‐grain parallelism, and thus it is adequate for solving the problems whose structures can be treated as networks. A base‐m n‐cube network is proposed as an appropriate interconnection network for these problems and the proposed network is employed for the Prodigy interconnection network. It deals with the suitability of the base‐m n‐cube network to the Prodigy machine and the possibility of making a large system in addition to network performance through comparisons with binary n‐cube and mesh networks, where the performance figures are measured by simulation. The results of the comparison show that the base‐m n‐cube network is better than others for the Prodigy machine.
The Case for Multi-Tag RFID Systems (2007)

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a promising technology for automated non-line-of-sight object identification. However, factors such as object occlusions, metal/liquid opaqueness, environmental conditions, and radio noise degrade the overall availability, reliability, and dependability of RFID systems. We show that simply increasing the number of readers does not adequately address these issues. Instead, we propose tagging each object with multiple tags, and provide definitive experimental data showing that this strategy dramatically improves the effectiveness of RFID systems in the face of radio noise and other interfering factors. We solidify the case for multi-tag RFID systems by addressing obstacles to reliable object detection, and analyzing how multi-tags improve tag detection, even in the presence of (radio-opaque) metals and liquids. We discuss applications that will benefit considerably from multi-tags, and propose careful RFID system design through the deployment of appropriate types of multi-tags and anti-collision algorithms. We also analyze the economics of multi-tag RFID systems and argue that the benefits of multi-tags can substantially outweigh the costs in many current applications, and that this trend will become even more pronounced in the future.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrahydropyridinium Bromide: Useful Synthon to Functionalized Pyrrolidines. (2012)

Abstract Piperidinium salt (I) undergoes ring contraction with a range of nucleophiles to furnish 2,2‐disubstituted pyrrolidines.
Alteration of smectites induced by hydrolytic exchange (2005)

Abstract Hydrolytic exchange was performed experimentally on four smectitic clays to evaluate the extent of clay alteration induced by this process and the associated ‘auto-transformation’ of H + clays. Clay samples were Na-saturated and submitted to 10, 50 and 100 wetting-drying (WD) cycles and characterized after treatment using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and cation exchange capacity analysis. Evidence for hydrolytic exchange was given by increasing amounts of exchangeable Mg 2+ and precipitation of Na soluble salts for samples subjected to 100 WD cycles. Results indicated a decrease in the interlayer charge after 10 WD cycles but no further decrease was observed after 50 and 100 WD cycles. For one sample, XRD data indicated a decrease in the proportion of the smectite phase and a relative increase in the concentration of illite-smectite mixed layers also present in the sample. The results suggested that the reaction induces first a decrease in the layer charge and then a partial dissolution of some smectite layers.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE FEASIBILITY OF A GAS-COOLED, GRAPHITE-MODERATED REACTOR FOR POWER PRODUCTION. Reactor Design and Feasibility Problem (1952)

The report covers the preliminary design of a heliumcooled, graphite- moderated nuclear reactor and the associated power producing system. The problem is approached with the viewpoint that the system need not represent the economically optimum design, but one which would serve as a pilot plant for future designs. The reactor is designed to operate well within the known limits of safety for the materials of construction, using only those materials which are available at the present time. The fuel is enriched (93-4%) U/sup 235/ in the form of UO/sub 2/ inclusions in a stainless steel matrix and with a stainless steel cladding. The reactor is rated at 200 megawatts and the net electrical power output is 55 megawatts. The helium coolant for the reactor transfers its heat to a conventional steam power cycle. The capital cost, including chemical reprocessing and fuel fabrication plants, is estimated to be mils per kilowatt- hour. (auth)
The effect of ionizing radiation on sol-gel ferroelectric PZT capacitors (1990)

Ferroelectric (FE) thin-film capacitors are irradiated to 100 Mrad(Si) with 10-keV X-rays. Some of the FE hysteresis loops show distortion at 5 Mrad(Si). The type and degree of distortion are dependent on the polarization state and/or the applied field during irradiation. Preliminary results indicate that a fraction of the radiation-induced damage can be removed simply by cycling the FE capacitor with a 20-kHz square wave. The amount of damage removed is dependent upon the radiation conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of cytochrome <i>c</i>‐556 from the purple phototrophic bacterium <i>Rhodobacter capsulatus</i> as a cytochrome‐<i>c</i> peroxidase (1998)

A cytochrome c-556 was purified from Rhodobacter capsulatus and the complete amino acid sequence was determined. It contains 328 amino acid residues and two typical heme-binding sites at cysteine residues 54 and 57 and at residues 200 and 203. It is homologous to the family of bacterial cytochrome c peroxidases (BCCP) with 69% identity to Paracoccus denitrificans BCCP and 60% identity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa BCCP for which there is a three-dimensional structure. There is lesser similarity to the mauG gene products from methylotrophic bacteria which are thought to be involved in biosynthesis of the quinone cofactor of methylamine dehydrogenase. Translated genes from Escherichia coli and Helicobacter pylori are also related to the bacterial cytochrome c peroxidases. The divergence of this family of proteins is reflected in the fact that the reported sixth heme ligands are not conserved, except in Pseudomonas, Rhodobacter and Paracoccus. This suggests that homologs of BCCP may fold differently and/or may not have the same enzymatic activity as the prototypic protein from Ps. aeruginosa. We found that the Rb. capsulatus BCCP is active with both Rb. capsulatus cytochrome c2 and with horse cytochrome c as substrates (Km values 60 microm and 6 microm, respectively). The turnover number was 40 s(-1) and the Km for peroxide was 33 microm. We have thus confirmed that the Rb. capsulatus protein is a cytochrome c peroxidase.
Models of Respiratory Rhythm Generation in the Pre-Bötzinger Complex. I. Bursting Pacemaker Neurons (1999)

A network of oscillatory bursting neurons with excitatory coupling is hypothesized to define the primary kernel for respiratory rhythm generation in the pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BötC) in mammals. Two minimal models of these neurons are proposed. In model 1, bursting arises via fast activation and slow inactivation of a persistent Na+ current INaP-h. In model 2, bursting arises via a fast-activating persistent Na+ current INaP and slow activation of a K+ current IKS. In both models, action potentials are generated via fast Na+ and K+ currents. The two models have few differences in parameters to facilitate a rigorous comparison of the two different burst-generating mechanisms. Both models are consistent with many of the dynamic features of electrophysiological recordings from pre-BötC oscillatory bursting neurons in vitro, including voltage-dependent activity modes (silence, bursting, and beating), a voltage-dependent burst frequency that can vary from 0.05 to >1 Hz, and a decaying spike frequency during bursting. These results are robust and persist across a wide range of parameter values for both models. However, the dynamics of model 1 are more consistent with experimental data in that the burst duration decreases as the baseline membrane potential is depolarized and the model has a relatively flat membrane potential trajectory during the interburst interval. We propose several experimental tests to demonstrate the validity of either model and to differentiate between the two mechanisms.
Multiple Residues in the Transmembrane Helix and Connecting Peptide of Mouse Tapasin Stabilize the Transporter Associated with the Antigen-processing TAP2 Subunit (2007)

The type I endoplasmic reticulum (ER) glycoprotein tapasin (Tpn) is essential for loading of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules with an optimal spectrum of antigenic peptides and for stable expression of the heterodimeric, polytopic TAP peptide transporter. In a detailed mutational analysis, the transmembrane domain (TMD) and ER-luminal connecting peptide (CP) of mouse Tpn were analyzed for their capacity to stabilize the TAP2 subunit. Replacement of the TMD of Tpn by TMDs from calnexin or the Tpn-related protein, respectively, completely abolished TAP2 stabilization after transfection of Tpn-deficient cells, whereas TMDs derived from distantly related Tpn molecules (chicken and fish) were functional. A detailed mutational analysis of the TMD and adjacent residues in the ER-luminal CP of mouse Tpn was performed to elucidate amino acids that control the stabilization of TAP2. Single amino acid substitutions, including a conserved Lys residue in the center of the putative TMD, did not affect TAP2 expression levels. Mutation of this Lys plus four additional residues, predicted to be neighbors in an assumed alpha-helical TMD arrangement, abrogated the TAP2-stabilizing capacity of Tpn. In the presence of a wild-type TMD, also the substitution of a highly conserved Glu residue in the CP of Tpn strongly affected TAP2 stabilization. Defective TAP2 stabilization resulted in impaired cell surface expression of MHC-I molecules. This study thus defines a novel, spatially arranged motif in the TMD of Tpn essential for stable expression of the TAP2 protein and a novel protein interaction mode involving an ER-luminal Glu residue close to the membrane.
Optimal energy-throughput efficiency for magneto-inductive underground sensor networks (2014)

To provide constant channel conditions for a great deal of distributed wireless sensors, magneto-inductive (MI) propagation technique suggests an attractive facilitation of underground sensor networks (USNs) for MI-USNs. However, to put this MI method into practice, a reliable and efficient data transportation is a must to fulfill a pre-defined level of quality of service (QoS). In this paper, a complete study is first given for the different communication functionalities from physical to network layers as well as the QoS requirements of applications. Rather than adopting the currently layered approach, a two-phase cross-layer protocol, called Xlayer, is then proposed to deliver statistical QoS guarantees and obtain both optimal energy savings and throughput gain concurrently. Simulation results conform that Xlayer achieves significant energy savings, high throughput efficiency, and dependable MI communication, thus facilitating a new design paradigm for MI-USNs.
Expression of the Kappa (K) Light Chain of Mouse Anticreatine Kinase-M (MAK33) Antibody in the Yeast Hansenula Polymorpha (2003)

An expression plasmid was constructed and transformed to the methylotrophic yeast Hansenulapolyinorpha to produce the kappa chain peptide of IgG antibody (MAK33). Hansenula polymorpha appears to be one of the most efficient host cells for the expression of genetically engineered antibody genes. Although the rate of transformation of this yeast by polyethylene glycol was low (3-5 cells/1.0μg plasmid DNA), yet the transformants showed high mitotic stability for more than 100 generations. The expression plasmid was integrated within the yeast genome at one or more integrations site(s) with low and multicopy-number plasmids via a non-homologous integration mechanism. An N-terminal glucoamylase gene fragment was linked to the light chain (kappa) gene of the Fab derivative of the MAK33 antibody. Prepro-alpha factor of the yeast Saceharomyces cerevisiae was inserted into the plasmid between the glucoamylase and light chain genes as a secretion signal sequence for the light chain peptide. The kappa chain was produced at 50mg/L free protein in the culture medium and 500mg/L entrapped within the cells, amounting to 550mg/L and representing about 10% of the total cell protein. The prepro-a factor was shown to be incompletely processed in Hansenulapolyinorpha and the pro-segment accompanied the light chain peptide.
S-band eight watt power amplifier MMICs (2003)

The design and performance of a pair of S-band GaAs MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated-circuit) power amplifier chips with greater than 8.0-W power output are reported. The design, fabricated in 1.0- mu m-gate-length epitaxial technology, also has 26% power-added efficiency at 3.7 GHz and 8.0 W, and up to 31% at lower drain bias. The 0.5- mu m-gate-length selective implant design is capable of an output of 6.0 to 8.3 W from 2.8 GHz to 4.8 GHz. A Wilkinson power-combined pair of MMICs has delivered 12 W at 21% power-added efficiency from 3.1 to 3.5 GHz, and 13.5 W with increased drain voltage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Studies Towards the Synthesis of Azadirachtin: Enantioselective Entry into the Azadirachtin Framework through Cascade Reactions (2003)

Das Gerüst steht: Die Grundstruktur von Azadirachtin (1) wurde enantioselektiv aufgebaut: Die Verbindungen 2 a–c wurden durch Kaskadenreaktionen erhalten, die auf intramolekularen Radikaladditionen und säurevermittelten Redoxreaktionen beruhen. Die Zielverbindung erscheint damit zum Greifen nah.
Convergence Results for the Linear Consensus Problem under Markovian Random Graphs (2013)

This paper discusses the linear asymptotic consensus problem for a network of dynamic agents whose communication network is modeled by a randomly switching graph. The switching is determined by a finite state Markov process, each topology corresponding to a state of the process. We address the cases where the dynamics of the agents is expressed both in continuous time and in discrete time. We show that, if the consensus matrices are doubly stochastic, average consensus is achieved in the mean square sense and the almost sure sense if and only if the graph resulting from the union of graphs corresponding to the states of the Markov process is strongly connected. The aim of this paper is to show how techniques from the theory of Markovian jump linear systems, in conjunction with results inspired by matrix and graph theory, can be used to prove convergence results for stochastic consensus problems.
Contactless Conductivity Detector for Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis (2002)

A microfabricated electrophoresis chip with an integrated contactless conductivity detection system is described. The new contactless conductivity microchip detector is based on placing two planar sensing aluminum film electrodes on the outer side of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microchip (without contacting the solution) and measuring the impedance of the solution in the separation channel. The contactless route obviates problems (e.g., fouling, unwanted reactions) associated with the electrode-solution contact, offers isolation of the detection system from high separation fields, does not compromise the separation efficiency, and greatly simplifies the detector fabrication. Relevant experimental variables, such as the frequency and amplitude of the applied ac voltage or the separation voltage, were examined and optimized. The detector performance was illustrated by the separation of potassium, sodium, barium, and lithium cations and the chloride, sulfate, fluoride, acetate, and phosphate anions. The response was linear (over the 20 microM-7 mM range) and reproducible (RSD = 3.4-4.9%; n = 10), with detection limits of 2.8 and 6.4 microM (for potassium and chloride, respectively). The advantages associated with the contactless conductivity detection, along with the low cost of the integrated PMMA chip/detection system, should enhance the power and scope of microfluidic analytical devices.
Welcome to IEEE Women in Engineering Magazine [letter from the editor] (2007)

Presents an editorial from the publication.
Stable carbonium ions. XCVIII. The nonclassical cyclopropyl-carbinyl cation (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStable carbonium ions. XCVIII. The nonclassical cyclopropyl-carbinyl cationGeorge A. Olah, David Patterson Kelly, C. L. Jeuell, and R. D. PorterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 8, 2544–2546Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00711a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00711a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views220Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimal Experiments With Seismic Sensors (2006)

In this paper, we consider the problem of detecting and locating buried land mines and subsurface objects by using seismic waves. We demonstrate an adaptive seismic system that maneuvers an array of receivers, according to an optimal positioning algorithm based on the theory of optimal experiments, to minimize the number of distinct measurements to localize the mine. The adaptive localization algorithm is tested using numerical model data as well as laboratory measurements performed in a facility at Georgia Tech. It is envisioned that the future systems should be able to incorporate this new method into portable mobile mine-location systems
Hepatobiliary disorders presenting as fever of unknown origin in Cairo, Egypt: the role of diagnostic ultrasonography. (1988)

Among 130 patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO) studied from 1981 to 1985, 34 were diagnosed as having hepatobiliary disorders: amoebic liver abscess (11), pyogenic liver abscess (4), hepatic hydatid cysts (2), hepatic fascioliasis (2), tuberculous hepatic granulomas (1), chronic calcular cholecystitis with recurrent cholangitis (2), chronic active hepatitis (2), hepatocellular carcinoma (3), lymphoma involving the liver (4) and hepatic metastasis in (3) cases. Hepatobiliary disorders were the cause in 27% of FUO seen during 4 years.