gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estrogen Increases Nociception-Evoked Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene Expression in the Female Rat (2005)

Chronic pain induces plastic changes in nociceptive sensory pathways, and is often accompanied and exacerbated by depression. Estrogen can influence nociceptive sensory processing, but the molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences in pain remain unclear. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may orchestrate changes occurring during persistent pain or depression by increasing spinal nociceptive signaling and altering neuronal growth in higher brain structures. This study addressed whether estrogen regulates BDNF gene expression in central systems associated with nociceptive processing and/or affective state, which may in turn influence sex differences in pain sensitivity. Thus, BDNF gene expression was quantified in intact female rats in proestrus and diestrus, and in ovariectomized (OVX) rats with or without 17beta-estradiol (E2) replacement following intraplantar injection of dilute formalin as an inflammatory nociceptive stimulus. Twenty-four hours after formalin injection, central nervous system (CNS) tissues were removed and solution hybridization-nuclease protection assays used to quantify BDNF mRNA levels. Results demonstrated that estrogen replacement increased BDNF mRNA levels in the hippocampus, cortex and spinal cord. Cortical BDNF mRNA levels were significantly decreased by nociception, in the hippocampus this decrease was only evident in estrogen-treated rats. Spinal BDNF expression was robustly increased by nociception. The pain-evoked up-regulation of spinal BDNF gene expression was significantly potentiated by concomitant estrogen treatment. Results demonstrate that BDNF gene expression in certain brain structures is inhibited by inflammatory pain, yet estrogen may enhance central nervous system sensitization associated with sensory processing. Since alterations in BDNF gene expression in higher brain centers may be relevant to cognitive changes that occur in recurrent depression, these results may provide insights into the coincidence of chronic pain and depression.
Risk factors for cytomegalovirus reactivation after liver transplantation: Can pre‐transplant cytomegalovirus antibody titers predict outcome? (2015)

Despite preexisting cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunity, CMV-seropositive liver transplantation (LT) patients remain at risk of CMV infection. We hypothesized that the pre-transplant CMV antibody titer correlates with the risk of CMV reactivation. We conducted a retrospective study of CMV-seropositive LT recipients who did not receive anti-CMV prophylaxis from 2007 to 2013. The pre-transplant CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer, which was measured with an enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay, was assessed as a risk factor for CMV reactivation with multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. The population consisted of 225 CMV-seropositive LT patients with a median age of 57 years (interquartile range, 47-62 years). The CMV titer distributions were as follows: <60 (40%) and ≥60 AU/mL (60%). The Kaplan-Meier estimates for CMV infection were 17% at 3 months, 18% at 6 months, and 19% at 12 months after transplantation. In a univariate analysis, a marginally significant increased risk of CMV infection was seen in LT recipients with a pre-transplant CMV IgG titer<60 AU/mL versus ≥60 AU/mL [hazard ratio (HR), 1.79; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.98-3.28 (P=0.06)]. This risk was statistically significant in the subgroup of recipients who received allografts from CMV-seropositive donors [HR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.15-4.26 (P=0.02)]. In a multivariate analysis, a pre-transplant CMV IgG titer<60 AU/mL was significantly associated with CMV infection [HR, 3.11; 95% CI, 1.60-6.03 (P<0.001)]. The other risk factors were high body mass index, donor CMV seropositivity, prolonged cold ischemic time, use of an interleukin-2 receptor antagonist for induction therapy, and high numbers of post-transplant infections. A lower pre-transplant CMV antibody titer is significantly associated with CMV infection after LT. Quantitative measurement of CMV-specific humoral immunity may have a potential role in improving the CMV prevention strategy in CMV-seropositive LT recipients.
Bio-priming Seed Treatment for Biological Control of Pythium ultimum Preemergence Damping-off in sh2 Sweet Corn (1990)

(...) During bio-priming, bacterial populations increased form 10 to over 10,000-fold, depending on initial inoculum level. Bio-priming provided protection against damping-off as good as or better than seed treatment with metalaxyl when the seeds were planted in cold soil. this process may be of interest and value to growers who wish to plant sweet corn or other temperature-sensitive crops into cold soils where damping-off is a problem and the use of chemical seed treatments is not desired
Spectroscopic Properties of Organic Azo Compounds (1973)

Abstract Azo compounds are characterized by a low‐energy 1 (n,π * ) electronic state, which gives rise to a weak band at long wavelengths in the absorption spectrum. Coupling of this state with other low‐lying molecular states is responsible for the high intensity of the “azo band” compared to other forbidden transitions, for its lack of vibrational structure, and for the inability of nearly all organic azo compounds to fluoresce.
Osteoarticular Allografts to Treat Distal Femoral Osteonecrosis (1994)

Allografts, which are among the limited number of treatment options for young patients with large defects of the distal femur, offer a physiologic method of restoring knee function. Since 1980, 21 patients younger than 50 years old who had osteonecrosis involving large portions of the distal femur were treated with fresh-frozen osteoarticular surface replacements. This retrospective review evaluated the 15 patients (17 knees) whose follow-up time was greater than two years. The patients were reevaluated at regular intervals by one or more of the authors. Follow-up time ranged from two to nine years (mean, 4.2 years). Outcome was classified as either excellent, good (occasional complaints, unlimited walking without aids, functional range of motion), fair (intermittent pain, ambulatory tolerance limited), or failure. There were seven excellent results, five good results, one fair result, and four failures. There were no infections, nonunions, or wound complications. At this early follow-up period, 12 (70%) of the 17 knees have been successfully treated. The authors' success rate with frozen allografts is comparable to the results of fresh allograft resurfacing. Use of frozen allografts allows time for thorough testing for viral and bacterial infections, is more practical, and the allografts are available for use in elective surgery. Failure in this series was principally the result of degeneration of the allograft's articular cartilage, or fracture of the allograft.
Femoral osteolysis following total hip replacement (2007)

Total hip replacement represents the most significant advance in orthopaedic surgery in the 20th century. Periprosthetic osteolysis remains the most significant long-term complication with total hip replacement. It has been reported with all materials and prosthetic devices in use or that have been used to date. This paper reviews the current thinking on the aetiology, pathogenesis, management and future treatment options for osteolysis.
Bone marrow transplantation for leukemia following a new busulfan and cyclophosphamide regimen (1987)

Busulfan 16 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg were used as conditioning prior to allogeneic marrow transplantation in 50 adult patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). A standard risk group of 20 patients included those with acute leukemia in remission and CML in chronic phase. A high-risk group of 30 patients included individuals with refractory acute leukemia, acute leukemia in relapse, acute leukemia following preleukemia, and CML in accelerated and blastic phase. Complete remission and sustained complete engraftment were achieved in all evaluable patients. The duration of aplasia was remarkably short (median of 8 days), resulting in a low infection rate during the period of neutropenia, a reduced need for blood product support, and a short length of hospital stay. Three-year actuarial relapse-free survival in both standard-risk (88.9% +/- 10.5%) and high- risk (50.5% +/- 9.6%) groups compares favorably with that reported with total body irradiation (TBI) containing regimens.
Comparison of the effect of chlorhexidine and CuSO<sub>4</sub> on plaque formation and development of gingivitis (1984)

Recent studies have shown that several metal ions inhibit plaque formation and reduce the acidogenicity of dental plaque. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect on plaque and gingivitis of 2.2 mM CuSO4 with an equimolar solution of chlorhexidine in a modified experimental gingivitis model. The study was performed according to a double-blind cross-over design. Before each experimental period the GI was recorded and the participants' teeth were scaled and polished to remove all supragingival deposits. All mechanical oral hygiene was suspended during the experimental periods. The mean PII after rinsing with chlorhexidine, CuSO4 and water was 0.29, 0.79 and 1.25, respectively. The corresponding GI values were 0.57, 0.83 and 1.02. All differences were statistically significant. The results showed that CuSO4 inhibits plaque formation and development of gingivitis, but not to the same degree as chlorhexidine.
Valuation Using Hedonic Pricing Models (2009)

Buildings can be compared to a bundle of goods sold in a market, where each of the building characteristics combined equate to the expected overall transaction value. By collecting data on many different buildings a regression analysis can be used to determine the correlation (relationship) of each characteristic to the transaction price —e.g. physical characteristics and other external influencing elements that may add or subtract from the building value. Each of these correlations can be measured to determine a degree of confidence (i.e. significance) and then subsequently be used to build a hedonic pricing model. Hedonic pricing models can be useful to determine the intrinsic value of each attribute, as well as to predict transaction prices. This can be particularly useful when traditional discounted cash flow models fall short because of the absence of a market, when no comparable buildings exist, and for nonincome generating buildings.
Monolithic transistor SPST switch for L-band (2002)

A comparison of single-pole single-throw switch topologies is presented in this paper. A three-MESFET monolithic GaAs switch was designed, for 2-GHz operation, fabricated and tested in three different bias conditions: V/sub bias/ = 0 (self-bias); I/sub bias/ = 0 (floating); and V/sub bias/ /spl ne/ 0, I/sub bias/ /spl ne/ 0 (biased). It will be shown that a floating configuration presents on-state lower insertion loss (IL) (/spl sim/1.7 dB). However, the off-state isolation has the same order of magnitude in all three bias conditions (typically 50 dB). Comparing measurements and simulations, the best available nonlinear model for the floating bias operation was selected. Finally, several resonant topologies were studied and a new topology is proposed to increase the off-state isolation without degrading the on-state IL. The advantages and drawbacks of resonant topologies over nonresonant configurations are also discussed, taking into account technology constraints and operation frequency. A solution to reduce the inductor value is proposed.
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs use and risk of upper gastrointestinal adverse events in cirrhotic patients (2012)

The use of nsNSAIDs but not celecoxib was associated with a two-fold increased risk of variceal and non-variceal upper GI events among cirrhotic patients.
The Binding and Catalytic Properties of a Positively Charged Cyclodextrin (1978)

Abstract In order to learn the significance of electrostatic interactions between charged groups in an enzymatic process, a positively charged cyclodextrin, mono-(6-trimethylammonio-6-deoxy)-β-cyclodextrin hydrogencarbonate (βCDtma), was prepared as a simple enzyme model, and its binding and catalytic properties were examined. The dissociation constant for an inclusion complex of βCDtma with an azo dye, sodium 4-(4-hydroxy-1-naphthylazo)-1-naphthalenesulfonate (1), was found to be 5.4×10−5 mol/dm3 in an alkaline solution (pH 10.5, Ic=0.0 mol/dm3) at 25 °C, the value being smaller than that for an inclusion complex of the parent β-cyclodextrin (βCD) with 1 by a factor of ca. 4. The catalytic effect of βCDtma on the alkaline hydrolyses of o-, m-, and p-acetoxybenzoic acids was significantly different from that of βCD. These observations were explained in terms of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between βCDtma and a guest molecule.
Study on Genetics of Traditional Chinese Medicine with the Samples of Pedigree (2007)

In this article,we analyzed the five pedigrees who had been fully diagnosed as arthrolithiasis with damp-heat syndrome,diabetes with kidney deficiency and stagnation of blood,duration of life,intelligence and hereditary migraine and try to set an study example in the genetics of traditional Chinese medicine area with the samples of pedigree.
Analysis of the Differences in the Contents and Methods of Information Share in the Innovation Diffusion Process (2008)

This study analyzed the disparity between the supply and demand of information demand and information provision generated among information providers(agricultural researchers) and information adopters(farmers), the two subjects of the local innovation diffusion process, with a focus on the contents and methods of sharing information and according to individual innovation diffusion pattern. In information provision, the characteristics of the contents of information in terms of their temporal necessity and effective period were more important than the field to which the contents of information belonged. In addition, the selection and strategic provision of an information provision method appropriate to each pattern according to the contents of information were proposed as a way of resolving farmers'information demand and strengthening their links to experiment stations. According to the analysis, information provision methods such as the limited use of some patterns in methods of providing documents, provision of production information using experiment field, and eco-friendly agricultural information to all types through regular study group sessions, search for plans for using ICT, and supplementary and interconnected composition of individual information provision methods were applicable in a complex manner according to the situation and management format, and the standard here was the contents of information.
Performance Driven Optimization Tuning in Vista (2003)

This thesis describes the support provided in VISTA for finding effective sequences of optimization phases. VISTA is a software tool for a compiler which supports an interactive compilation paradigm. It has long been known that a single ordering of optimization phases will not produce the best code for every application. This phase ordering problem can be more severe when generating code for embedded systems due to the need to meet conflicting constraints on time, code size and power consumption. Given that many embedded application developers are willing to spend time tuning an application, we believe a viable approach is to allow the developer to steer the process of optimizing a function. With this in mind, we have enhanced VISTA with many new features and programming-language-like constructs. VISTA also provides the user with dynamic and static performance information that can be used during an interactive compilation session to gauge the progress of improving the code. In addition, VISTA provides support for automatically using performance information to select the best optimization sequence among several attempted. One such feature is the use of a genetic algorithm to search for the most efficient sequence based on specific fitness criteria. This thesis also includes a number of experimental results that evaluate the effectiveness of using a genetic algorithm in VISTA to find effective optimization phase sequences.%%%%A Thesis submitted to the Department of Computer Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.%%%%Summer Semester, 2003.%%%%May 30, 2003.%%%%David Whalley, Professor Directing Dissertation; Xin Yuan, Committee Member; Kyle Gallivan, Committee Member.
Intracellular Signaling and the Origins of the Sensations of Itch and Pain (2011)

The skin is the largest sensory organ of the body. It is innervated by a diverse array of primary sensory neurons, including a heterogeneous subset of unmyelinated afferents called C fibers. C fibers, sometimes classified as nociceptors, can detect various painful stimuli, including temperature extremes. However, it is increasingly evident that these afferents respond to various pruritic stimuli and transmit information to the brain that is perceived as itch; this can subsequently drive scratching behavior. Although itch and pain are distinct sensations, they are closely related and can, under certain circumstances, antagonize each other. However, it is not clear precisely when, where, and how the processes generating these two sensations originate and how they are dissociated. Clues have come from the analysis of the activities of specific ligands and their receptors. New data indicate that specific pruritic ligands carrying both itch and pain information are selectively recognized by different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and this information may be transduced through different intracellular circuits in the same neuron. These findings raise questions about the intracellular mechanisms that preprocess and perhaps encode GPCR-mediated signals.
Neural network-based pose estimation for fixtureless assembly (2002)

A prototype fixtureless robotic assembly workcell will require a machine vision system to locate randomly fed parts without the use of models or camera calibration. The Feature CMAC artificial neural network has been shown to solve the 3-DOF pose estimation problem for simple target parts. In this paper, the network is extended to handle an unmodified industrial target part. A tradeoff between neural network accuracy and generalization results from the number and quality of features extracted from the image. As a result, the accuracy of Feature CMAC pose estimation is dependent on the choice of feature detection algorithm. Three such algorithms were evaluated to minimize pose estimation error. RMS errors were found to be less than 0.13 of the training interval (1.0 mm in position, and 1.2/spl deg/ in orientation), with an average worst-case grasp point error of 2.8 mm. A discussion of optical-axis bias and orientation loss is included.
Calcium Zinc Silicate Phosphor (1952)

Partial substitution of zinc for calcium in lead‐activated calcium silicate phosphor shifted the peak of emission from 3350 Å to 3450 Å. X‐ray analysis indicated that the new phosphor had a tetragonal structure similar to the mineral hardystonite, rather than the monoclinic or triclinic calcium silicate. This phosphor, when made into "black‐light" fluorescent lamps, equaled the performance of calcium cerium phosphate phosphor.
An innovating gamma-spectroscopy experimental technique for measuring the integral capture cross section of actinides (2006)

This paper describes innovative measurements of integral radiative capture rates of minor actinides, performed in the MINERVE facility. They aim at resolving potential discrepancies on capture cross sections, especially in the framework of nuclear safety and of waste management. For this purpose, specific samples containing pure isotopes mixed in natural UO2 pellets have been fabricated. The measurements consist of γ-ray spectrometry on irradiated fuel samples in order to determine the reaction rates with their specific activities and the corresponding spectral indices, defined as the ratio of (n,γ) capture rate to the total fission rate. This study focuses on the following isotopes : 232 Th, 237 Np, 242 Pu and presents the comparison of experimental results with calculation results obtained with deterministic (APOLLO2) and probabilistic (MCNP4C2) codes, with the JEF2.2, ENDF/B-VI.8 and JEFF3.1 data libraries.
The damping of the Alfven mode in stochastic astrophysical fluids (1986)

The properties of coherent small-amplitude Alfven waves propagating in the presence of a strong mean background magnetic field in an infinitely conducting, inviscid, cold, incompressible, and turbulent plasma are investigated by using projection operator techniques. The coherent Alfven mode is shown to be damped owing to the background fluctuations, and the damping decrement is estimated for cases of relevence to MHD wave propagation in the solar corona. One significant consequence of these results is that long-wavelength Alfven modes may in fact be effectively damped on time scales of the order of the Alfven crossing time if the background atmosphere is only weakly unsteady.
PrP gene and its association with spongiform encephalopathies (1993)

The PrP or prion protein plays a key role in the pathogenesis of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. This 33-35 kD sialoglycoprotein is the product of a single host gene which is composed of 2 or 3 exons, a single open reading frame and a cytidine/guanidine rich promoter. The structure of the gene and the sequence of the protein are highly conserved in various mammals. Primarily, transcription of the PrP gene is found in neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system but other tissues do express PrP at least at some stages of development. Translation of the PrP mRNA and processing of the initial gene product result in a 210 amino acid protein with asparagine-linked glycosylation of the complex type which attaches itself to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer by a C-terminal glycosylinositol phospholipid. The function of this protein is unknown. Development of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, and increasing titre of the causative pathogen, are associated with the accumulation in and around cells of pleiomorphic aggregates of PrP which are partially resistant to proteolytic hydrolysis. These abnormal deposits of PrP, and the normal isoform, are transcribed from the same gene and so any disease-linked modification of the protein must be post-transcriptional. No disease-specific, covalent modifications of PrP have yet been found and some simple, conformational change in its secondary, tertiary (or quaternary) structure may underlie its role in these diseases. Polymorphisms in the PrP gene of different species have been associated with disease but none of these changes in primary structure appear to cause protease resistance per se. Preclinical inference of disease susceptibility can already be made using PrP genotype analysis in man and some animals but developing a cure for these diseases, whether by drug or gene therapy, will require a much greater understanding of the molecular and cell biology of this gene and its products. This article presents current views and understanding of the PrP gene.
Restoring the Orthogonality of Two Polarizations in Radio Communication Systems, II (1973)

The Poincaré sphere has been applied to the analysis of orthogonalizing two polarization ellipses by a differential phase shifter and a differential attenuator. The condition of minimum differential attenuation for removing a given amount of nonorthogonality is determined. A previously reported transformation via two nonorthogonal linear polarizations should be used for two slender ellipses. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> Another transformation via two oppositely rotating ellipses having parallel axes and equal axial ratios should be used for two fat ellipses. System applications of the transformations are discussed.