gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell cycle age response of 9L cells to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea and modification by alpha-difluoromethylornithine. (1983)

We have determined the cell cycle age response of 9L rat brain tumor cells to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea using centrifugal elutriation to obtain populations of cells enriched in G1, S, and G2-M phases. While cells in all phases of the cell cycle were killed by 20 or 40 microM 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, cells in G1 and G2-M phases were more sensitive than cells in S phase. The differential sensitivity was more pronounced at the higher dose, which will markedly alter the distribution of cells through the cell cycle. In a clinical setting, this factor could affect the efficacy of either fractionated or multimodality protocols. Treatment with alpha-difluoromethylornithine, a polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor, potentiated the cytotoxic effects of 20 microM 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea against G1- and G2-M- but not against S-phase cells; however, at a higher dose of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (40 microM), the cytotoxicity was potentiated for cells in all phases of the cell cycle. In alpha-difluoromethylornithine-treated cells, the phenomenon could be reversed by adding 1 mM putrescine 24 hr before treatment with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. Therefore, the potentiation of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea cytotoxicity appears to be related to polyamine depletion.
An Allocation Dilemma with Closed-Loop Recycling (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">How does a company determine if a new product or process has less or more impact on the environment? Or do we just assume that because it has recycled content it has less impact on the environment? A life cycle assessment can be used to better understand the impacts and the trade-offs. The authors have prepared an analysis in which large volume, currently valueless material is recovered and recycled by chemical depolymerization. A careful selection of boundaries will reduce the amount of data needed to perform a meaningful life cycle assessment; however, it may also introduce new questions regarding the allocation of burdens. This paper will present the difficulties experienced in understanding the proper way to view burden allocation for a closed-loop system with limited boundaries.</div>
Affinity Proteomics for Systematic Protein Profiling of Chromosome 21 Gene Products in Human Tissues (2003)

Here we show that an affinity proteomics strategy using affinity-purified antibodies raised against recombinant human protein fragments can be used for chromosome-wide protein profiling. The approach is based on affinity reagents raised toward bioinformatics-designed protein epitope signature tags corresponding to unique regions of individual gene loci. The genes of human chromosome 21 identified by the genome efforts were investigated, and the success rates for de novo cloning, protein production, and antibody generation were 85, 76, and 56%, respectively. Using human tissue arrays, a systematic profiling of protein expression and subcellular localization was undertaken for the putative gene products. The results suggest that this affinity proteomics strategy can be used to produce a proteome atlas, describing distribution and expression of proteins in normal tissues as well as in common cancers and other forms of diseased tissues.
Systemic administration of <scp>L</scp>‐arginine benefits <i>mdx</i> skeletal muscle function (2005)

A major consequence of muscular dystrophy is that increased membrane fragility leads to high calcium influx and results in muscle degeneration and myonecrosis. Prior reports have demonstrated that increased nitric oxide production via L-arginine treatment of normal and mdx mice resulted in increased expression of utrophin and increased activation of muscle satellite cells, which could ameliorate the dystrophic pathology. We delivered L-arginine to normal and mdx mice, and examined muscles for any functional changes associated with its administration. Treated mdx muscles were less susceptible to contraction-induced damage and exhibited a rightward shift of the force-frequency relationship. Immunoblotting revealed increases in utrophin and gamma-sarcoglycan in the treated muscles. There was also a decrease in Evans blue dye uptake, indicating a reduction in myonecrosis. However, there was no decrease in serum creatine kinase or the proportion of central nuclei, nor any improvement in specific force. Together, these results show that L-arginine treatment can be beneficial to mdx muscle function, perhaps through a combination of enhanced calcium handling and increased utrophin, thereby decreasing muscle degeneration.
A rapid method of isolation of genomic DNA from filamentous fungi (1997)

This article 'A rapid method of isolation of genomic DNA from filamentous fungi' appeared in the International Rice Research Notes series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and rice-based systems. The series is a mechanism to help scientists keep each other informed of current rice research findings. The concise scientific notes are meant to encourage rice scientists to communicate with one another to obtain details on the research reported.
Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. A Strategy for Identification of Ten Human Hemoglobin Variants (1986)

Ten abnormal hemoglobins were detected and characterized in individual cases referred to our laboratory for evaluation of hematological problems. Six of these variants were electrophoretically silent and could be detected by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. HPLC was also used to analyze the tryptic peptides of each individual variant. In most of these variants, secondary ion mass spectra of the mixture of the tryptic peptides could reveal the aberrant peptide and predict possible substitution through the mass difference between the normal and abnormal peptide. The mass spectra of the isolated abnormal peptide generally contained sufficient fragment ions to define the position of the amino acid substitution, obviating the need for lengthy sequencing procedures. Combination of the two techniques.
Dense Pattern of Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma, a Lesion Easily Confused With Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma (2013)

To address the role of fusion status in risk stratification, pathologists should include both a histologic diagnosis and an evaluation of fusion status for all new ARMS diagnoses.
Organs and Tissue Systems (2011)

Obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, is a well-established risk factor for MetS, T2DM and CVD. Th e primary goal for obesity treatment is to prevent and treat these chronic diseases. MetS is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors including abdominal obesity, elevated plasma glucose, dyslipidemia, hypertension and prothrombotic/pro-infl ammatory state. Infl ammation is now recognized as a central mediator in CVD and T2DM. In the state of obesity, pro-infl ammatory and pro-thrombotic factors are produced in the adipose tissue. Via producing chemokines, macrophage migration to the adipose tissue is strongly amplifi ed. Th us, it is evident that adipose tissue participates actively in the development of insulin resistance and infl ammation. Unhealthy diet, as well as sedentary lifestyle, also plays a key role in the development of infl ammation. It has been hypothesized that postprandial dysmetabolism, characterized as repeated high and long-term increases of glucose and lipid concentrations aft er meals, may result in infl ammation, endothelial dysfunction and development of atherosclerotic damage. Th ere is solid evidence that many chronic health problems could be overcome by eff ective lifestyle modifi cation. Weight loss markedly decreases macrophage accumulation and production of infl ammatory markers in adipose tissue. It has been indicated that decreasingenergy intake and increasing physical activity may be eff ective in reducing overall infl ammation. It is the aim of the present chapter to introduce some of the key cytokines/adipokines and their function during the development of infl ammation in MetS, with a focus on adipose tissue function in the state of obesity.
Early extubation is not associated with severe intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants born before 29 weeks of gestation. Results of an EPIPAGE-2 cohort study (2019)

The practice of early extubation was not associated with an increased proportion of intraventricular hemorrhages. To complete these results, the long-term neurologic outcomes of these infants need to be assessed.
Structure and Dynamic Properties of a Glucocorticoid Receptor-Induced Chromatin Transition (2000)

Activation of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is associated with a chromatin structural transition in the B nucleosome region of the viral long terminal repeat (LTR). Recent evidence indicates that this transition extends upstream of the B nucleosome, encompassing a region larger than a single nucleosome (G. Fragoso, W. D. Pennie, S. John, and G. L. Hager, Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:3633–3644). We have reconstituted MMTV LTR DNA into a polynucleosome array using Drosophila embryo extracts. We show binding of purified GR to specific GR elements within a large, multinucleosome array and describe a GR-induced nucleoprotein transition that is dependent on ATP and a HeLa nuclear extract. Previously uncharacterized GR binding sites in the upstream C nucleosome region are involved in the extended region of chromatin remodeling. We also show that GR-dependent chromatin remodeling is a multistep process; in the absence of ATP, GR binds to multiple sites on the chromatin array and prevents restriction enzyme access to recognition sites. Upon addition of ATP, GR induces remodeling and a large increase in access to enzymes sites within the transition region. These findings suggest a dynamic model in which GR first binds to chromatin after ligand activation, recruits a remodeling activity, and is then lost from the template. This model is consistent with the recent description of a “hit-and-run” mechanism for GR action in living cells (J. G. McNally, W. G. Müller, D. Walker, and G. L. Hager, Science 287:1262–1264, 2000).
Influenza Virus Non-Structural Protein 1 (NS1) Disrupts Interferon Signaling (2010)

Type I interferons (IFNs) function as the first line of defense against viral infections by modulating cell growth, establishing an antiviral state and influencing the activation of various immune cells. Viruses such as influenza have developed mechanisms to evade this defense mechanism and during infection with influenza A viruses, the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) encoded by the virus genome suppresses induction of IFNs-α/β. Here we show that expression of avian H5N1 NS1 in HeLa cells leads to a block in IFN signaling. H5N1 NS1 reduces IFN-inducible tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT2 and STAT3 and inhibits the nuclear translocation of phospho-STAT2 and the formation of IFN-inducible STAT1:1-, STAT1:3- and STAT3:3- DNA complexes. Inhibition of IFN-inducible STAT signaling by NS1 in HeLa cells is, in part, a consequence of NS1-mediated inhibition of expression of the IFN receptor subunit, IFNAR1. In support of this NS1-mediated inhibition, we observed a reduction in expression of ifnar1 in ex vivo human non-tumor lung tissues infected with H5N1 and H1N1 viruses. Moreover, H1N1 and H5N1 virus infection of human monocyte-derived macrophages led to inhibition of both ifnar1 and ifnar2 expression. In addition, NS1 expression induces up-regulation of the JAK/STAT inhibitors, SOCS1 and SOCS3. By contrast, treatment of ex vivo human lung tissues with IFN-α results in the up-regulation of a number of IFN-stimulated genes and inhibits both H5N1 and H1N1 virus replication. The data suggest that NS1 can directly interfere with IFN signaling to enhance viral replication, but that treatment with IFN can nevertheless override these inhibitory effects to block H5N1 and H1N1 virus infections.
Synergistic activation of the BLV promoter transcriptional activity by TaxBLV and inhibitors of deacetylases (2002)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Sources and characteristics of Web temporal locality (2002)

Temporal locality of reference in Web request streams emerges from two distinct phenomena: the long-term popularity of Web documents and the short-term temporal correlations of references. We show that the commonly-used distribution of inter-request times is predominantly determined by the power law governing the long-term popularity of documents. This inherent relationship tends to disguise the existence of short-term temporal correlations. We propose a new and robust metric that enables accurate characterization of that aspect of temporal locality. Using this metric, we characterize the locality of reference in a number of representative proxy cache traces. Our findings show that there are measurable differences between the degrees (and sources) of temporal locality across these traces.
Structural Effects on the High Temperature Adsorption of CO<sub>2</sub> on a Synthetic Hydrotalcite (2004)

Hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTlcs) are solid sorbents that may potentially be used for high-temperature separation and capture of CO2. The high-temperature adsorption of CO2 on Mg−Al−CO3 HTlc is affected by structural changes that take place upon heating of the material. The structural changes of a synthetic HTlc upon heating to 200 and 400 °C in a vacuum were characterized using various analytical techniques. These structural changes were then related to observed behavior with respect to the physisorption and chemisorption of CO2 at 200 °C. Upon heating to 200 °C, the material retains its layered structure, though the interlayer spacing is decreased by ∼0.6 Å due to loss of interlayer water. Chemisorption of CO2 at 200 °C represents more than half of the total adsorption capacity (at 107 kPa) due to increased availability of the framework Mg2+ cation and the subsequent formation of MgCO3. There is no significant increase of surface area or pore volume after heating to 200 °C. Upon heating to 400 °C the CO32- in the interlayer is decomposed and the material is completely dehydrated and partially dehydroxylated. The resulting amorphous 3-D structure with increased surface area and pore volume and decreased availability of the Mg2+ cation favors physisorption over chemisorption for these samples. An increased understanding of structure−property relationships will help in the further development of HTlcs as viable CO2 solid sorbents.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies Directed Toward the Synthesis of the Unusual Antileukemic Diterpene Jatrophatrione. Part 1. A Solution to the Problem of Chirality Merger During Elaboration of the Entire Carbotricyclic Framework. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Inside-out Signaling Promotes Dynamic Changes in the Carcinoembryonic Antigen-related Cellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (CEACAM1) Oligomeric State to Control Its Cell Adhesion Properties (2013)

Cell-cell contacts are fundamental to multicellular organisms and are subject to exquisite levels of control. The carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) can engage in both cis-homophilic (parallel) oligomerization and trans-homophilic (anti-parallel) binding. In this study, we establish that the CEACAM1 transmembrane domain has a propensity to form cis-dimers via the transmembrane-embedded (432)GXXXG(436) motif and that this basal state is overcome when activated calmodulin binds to the CEACAM1 cytoplasmic domain. Although mutation of the (432)GXXXG(436) motif reduced CEACAM1 oligomerization, it did not affect surface localization of the receptor or influence CEACAM1-dependent cellular invasion by the pathogenic Neisseria. The mutation did, however, have a striking effect on CEACAM1-dependent cellular aggregation, increasing both the kinetics of cell-cell association and the size of cellular aggregates formed. CEACAM1 association with tyrosine kinase c-Src and tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2 was not affected by the (432)GXXXG(436) mutation, consistent with their association with the monomeric form of wild type CEACAM1. Collectively, our results establish that a dynamic oligomer-to-monomer shift in surface-expressed CEACAM1 facilitates trans-homophilic binding and downstream effector signaling.
Influenza <scp>H</scp>1<scp>N</scp>1pdm‐specific maternal antibodies offer limited protection against wild‐type virus replication and influence influenza vaccination in ferrets (2013)

The findings support the rationale for a prime and boost immunization strategy in young children in whom maternal antibodies are present.
The Effect of Hallux Sesamoid Excision on the Flexor Hallucis Longus Moment Arm (1996)

Surgical treatments for chronic, painful hallux sesamoid disorders typically involve partial or complete resection of 1 or both sesamoids. Although these approaches generally result in satisfactory symptom relief, their effect on biomechanical function of the major hallux flexors is not completely understood. The effects of selective sesamoid resections on the effective tendon moment arm of the flexor hallucis longus tendon were evaluated. Twelve fresh frozen cadaver first rays were each mounted in a device that held rigid the metatarsal. A ramp-controlled displacement of an MTS ram supplied a functional load input force to the flexor hallucis longus. The components of the resultant output force necessary to resist the input flexor hallucis longus force were transduced simultaneously by a multicomponent load cell. Subsequently, 3 progressively more extensive seasamoid resections were done: (1) distal hemiresection, (2) complete resection, and (3) resection of both sesamoids. Six specimens were tested with the medial sesamoid removed first and 6 with the lateral sesamoid removed first. Statistical analysis showed that significant decreases in the effective tendon moment arms occurred with full medial sesamoid resection, full lateral sesamoid resection, and resection of both the medial and lateral sesamoids.
Effect of electrode geometry on sensor response (1990)

We have demonstrated the feasibility of using a finite-element program to study the effect of electrode geometry on the performance of an oxide gas sensor. The gas concentration is varied within the sensor. The program is general enough to be extended to complex three-dimensional geometries. For the simpler cases we consider, we find that at a given temperature the back contact sensor will be more selective for moderately reactive gases than for less or more reactive ones, which is in general agreement with the observations made on Figaro gas sensors. We also find that the performance of the sensor improves by using interlacing electrodes, as expected.
Potential Intensity of Tropical Cyclones: Comparison of Results from Radiosonde and Reanalysis Data (2004)

Long-term changes in the intensity of tropical cyclones are of considerable interest because of concern that greenhouse warming may increase storm damage. The potential intensity (PI) of tropical cyclones can be calculated from thermodynamic principles, given the state of the sea surface and atmosphere, and has been shown in earlier studies to give a reasonable estimate of maximum intensity for observed storms. The PI calculated using radiosonde data at 14 tropical island locations shows only small, statistically insignificant trends from 1980 to 1995 and from 1975 to 1995. In the mid-1990s PI at most of these stations does not show the strong increase that appears in global and regional PI calculated from reanalysis data. Comparison with results derived from reanalysis data suggests that previous adjustments to the reanalysis-derived PI may overstate PI after 1980 in some regions in comparison with that before 1980. Both reanalysis and radiosonde PI show similar interannual variability in most regions, much of which appears to be related to ENSO and other changes in SST. Between 1975 and 1980, however, while SSTs rose, PI decreased, illustrating the hazards of predicting changes in hurricane intensity from projected SST changes alone.
Synthetic fuel aromaticity and staged combustion (1982)

Samples of middle and heavy SRC-II distillates were distilled into 50 C boiling point range fractions. These were characterized by measurements of their molecular weight, elemental analysis and basic nitrogen content and calculation of average molecular structures. The structures typically consisted of 1 to 3 aromatic rings fused to alicyclic rings with short, 1 to 3 carbon aliphatic side chains. The lower boiling fractions contained significant amounts (1 atom/molecule) of oxygen while the heavier fractions contained so few heteroatoms that they were essentially hydrocarbons. Laboratory scale oxidative-pyrolysis experiments were carried out at pyrolysis temperatures of 500 to 1100 C and oxygen concentrations from 0 to 100 percent of stoichiometry. Analysis of liquid products, collected in condensers cooled with liquid nitrogen showed that aromatization is a major reaction in the absence of oxygen. The oxygen-containing materials (phenolics) seem to be more resistant to thermal pyrolysis than unsubstituted aromatics. Nitrogen converts from basic to nonbasic forms at about 500 C. The nonbasic nitrogen is more stable and survives up to 700 C after which it is slowly removed. A recently constructed 50,000 Btu/hr staged combustor was used to study the chemistry of the nitrogen and aromatics. SRC II combustion was studied under fuel-rich, first-stage conditions at air/fuel ratios from 0.6 to 1.0 times stoichiometric. The chemistry of the fuel during combustion calls for further investigation in order to examine the mechanism by which HCN is evolved as a common intermediate for the formation of the nitrogen-containing gaseous combustion products. 25 references, 45 figures, 25 tables.
A Total Synthesis of Herboxidiene Methyl Ester (2012)

The total synthesis of the methyl ester, 35, of herboxidiene (1, a.k.a. GEX1A and TAN-1609), a polyketide displaying both herbicidal and anti-tumor activity, is described. The convergent reaction sequence involves, in its closing stages, the union of the phosphine oxide 3 with the aldehyde 21 to deliver, via a Horner-Wittig reaction with accompanying epimerization at C12, compound 33 that after deprotection affords an alcohol, 34, capable of participating in a regioand diastereo-selective epoxidation reaction to give target 35. Phosphine oxide 3 was prepared via the intramolecular hetero-Michael addition of a secondary alcohol to a tethered and Z-configured acrylate while aldehyde 21 was generated, in the crucial step of the relevant reaction sequence, via an Ireland-Claisen rearrangement reaction.
Optical properties of angled-grating distributed feedback lasers (2002)

We report on new measurements of optical properties of high power /spl alpha/-DFB lasers including 0.7 W fiber-coupled power from a high power (1.5 W) /spl alpha/-DFB laser, and new RIN, wavefront and reliability measurement results.
Foxtail mosaic virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) (2022)

Using FoMV-mediated VIGS could be achieved in switchgrass leaves and roots, providing an alternative approach for studying gene functions and physiological traits in this important bioenergy crop.