gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biogeophysics: A new frontier in Earth science research (2009)

“Biogeophysics” is a rapidly evolving Earth science discipline concerned with the geophysical signatures of microbial interactions with geologic media. It spans the established disciplines of geomicrobiology, biogeoscience, and geophysics. Biogeophysics research in the last decade has confirmed the potential for geophysical techniques to measure not simply the physical and chemical properties of the subsurface, as already well established, but also to detect microbes, microbial growth, and microbe‐mineral interactions, thus representing a major paradigm shift in geophysical thinking. In this review we begin by defining biogeophysics and provide a historical perspective. We then consider microbial alterations of petrophysical properties as such alteration is the source of most biogeophysical signals. Our review then focuses on geophysical interrogation of microbial processes, including the direct detection of microbial cells and biofilm formation, microbial metabolic by‐products, microbe‐mediated redox processes, and biogeochemical and microbe‐mineral transformations. We conclude by discussing challenges, opportunities, and potential new applications of biogeophysics to the exploration of life in extreme environments, e.g., the deep biosphere, the cryosphere, and other planets. We find that published biogeophysics studies to date are mostly observation based, presenting only empirical relationships between microbial and geophysical variables. Future research endeavors must focus on developing theoretical and/or numerical models for predicting geophysical signals arising from microbial activity.
Life Stress and Dimensions of Functioning in Old Age (1981)

The present investigation studied the current life adjustment and social and physical activity patterns of a group of 96 elderly men (mean age = 77) who had been initially evaluated 30 years previously. The dimension of functioning of this group in old age also were delineated. A second focus of the investigation was an evaluation of the effect of past personality and current life stresses on present adjustment. Five dimensions of functioning in old age were identified: these were labeled Neuroticism, Somatic Concern, Alienation, Introversion, and Passivity. The Somatic Concern factor was associated with reported physical illness. Current physical illness was also related to relative elevations on the current MMPI Hs scale score; death of a close one was related to relative elevations in score on the current MMPI Si scale. Past personality interacting with current life stresses was not predictive of present personality functioning.
Three states (2011)

Quantum changes of three-state systems have some similarities with those of two-state systems. When subject to steady illumination the populations may undergo oscillations similar to the Rabi cycling of two-state systems, and various forms of adiabatic following are possible. Analytic solutions to the relevant TDSE exist [Sho90, Chap. 23]. The additional degree of freedom, typically allowing controllable parameters of a second laser pulse, allows a wider variety of controlled excitation. The resulting differences and similarities to two-state systems have been discussed at length [Whi76; Sho77; Rad82b; Yoo85; Car87].
Band offset and structure of SrTiO3 /Si(001) heterojunctions (2001)

We have measured the band offsets and materials properties of epitaxial SrTiO3/Si(001) heterojunctions for both n and p substrates, with and without an interfacial SiO2 layer. The through-air transfer from the growth chamber to the photoemission system results in significant surface hydroxylation and roughening, although the SrTiO3–Si interface is undisturbed. Surface hydroxylation notwithstanding, the structural quality of 20 Å thick epitaxial SrTiO3 on Si(001) is comparable to that of bulk SrTiO3(001). We find valence and conduction band offsets of ∼2.1 and ∼0.0 eV, respectively, independent of doping type and the presence of SiO2. These results are consistent with theoretical band offset predictions based on the electron affinity rule, modified by the presence of an interface dipole.
A comparison of the in vivo biochemical responses to exogenous parathyroid hormone-(1-34) [PTH-(1-34)] and PTH-related peptide-(1-34) in man. (1992)

PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) is one of the etiological factors associated with hypercalcemia of malignancy in humans and rodents. In both in vivo and in vitro animal systems its actions mimic those of PTH; however, its bioactivity in humans has not previously been assessed. Therefore, we compared the actions of the synthetic human (h) analogs hPTHrP-(1-34) and hPTH-(1-34) when given by iv infusion to 15 healthy subjects, aged 25 +/- 3 yr. Three 12-h test infusions were given to each subject in the order: hPTH-(1-34) at a dose of 8 pmol/kg.h, an equimolar dose (8 pmol/kg.h) of PTHrP-(1-34) (low dose), and a 10-fold higher dose (80 pmol/kg.h) of hPTHrP-(1-34) (high dose). PTH infusion resulted in significant increases from basal values in serum total ionized calcium, urinary phosphate and cAMP, and serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2d3]. No significant increases from basal values in any of these variables were observed during low dose PTHrP infusion. However, a 10-fold higher dose of PTHrP significantly increased serum calcium from 2.36 +/- 0.07 to 2.63 +/- 0.16 mmol/L (P less than 0.003), ionized calcium from 1.22 +/- 0.03 to 1.39 +/- 0.09 mmol/L (P less than 0.003), urinary phosphate from 0.21 +/- 0.19 to 0.31 +/- 0.16 mmol/L glomerular filtrate (P less than 0.05), urinary cAMP from 37 +/- 18 to 53 +/- 28 nmol/L glomerular filtrate (P less than 0.01), and serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 from 29.8 +/- 12.1 to 46.0 +/- 20.3 pmol/L (P less than 0.01). For each variable these changes were statistically equivalent to the increases observed during PTH infusion. The molar concentrations of circulating immunoreactive PTH-(1-34) and PTHrP-(1-34) (at the higher dose) achieved during infusion were at a ratio of 1:3. These results suggest that the in vivo actions of synthetic hPTHrP-(1-34) are comparable to those of hPTH-(1-34), but its biological activity after infusion may be less than that of hPTH-(1-34). Moreover, the increased concentrations of serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 observed with administration of hPTHrP-(1-34) are unlike the changes seen in hypercalcemia of malignancy in which levels of this vitamin D metabolite are frequently depressed.
A Method for Discrimination of Arrhythmia by Chaotic Approach (1996)

健康な人の心拍数は幅広いスペクトルを示し、そのアトラクタはカオス的軌道を持ち、病的状態では心拍数の変動が周期的になる事が知られている。また、埋め込み式除細動器は、ペースメーカ本体を胸壁皮下あるいは胸筋下に、または腹壁皮下あるいは腹直筋下に埋め込み、心室細動などの調和のとれていない心室の電気活動や、これ以外の不整脈、たとえば心室性頻拍や上室性頻拍などを検出し、これを素早く除去する事を目的としている。現在の埋め込み式除細動器で採用されている不整脈の検出方法は、大きく分けて脈拍あるいは周期に注目するものと、心電図波形に注目するものがありこれらを単独または組み合わせて用いているが必ずしも満足するものではない。本論文では、はじめに従来の解析手法と埋め込み式除細動器の問題点に簡単に触れる。つぎに、筆者等が提案するカオス的アプローチについて説明し、最後に実データに適用した結果と今後の課題について述べる。
Violating the Ingleton Inequality with Finite Groups (2009)

It is well known that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the entropy vector of a collection of n random variables and a certain group-characterizable vector obtained from a finite group and n of its subgroups. However, if one restricts attention to abelian groups then not all entropy vectors can be obtained. This is an explanation for the fact shown by Dougherty et al that linear network codes cannot achieve capacity in general network coding problems (since linear network codes form an abelian group). All abelian group-characterizable vectors, and by fiat all entropy vectors generated by linear network codes, satisfy a linear inequality called the Ingleton inequality. In this paper, we study the problem of finding nonabelian finite groups that yield characterizable vectors which violate the Ingleton inequality. Using a refined computer search, we find the symmetric group S_5 to be the smallest group that violates the Ingleton inequality. Careful study of the structure of this group, and its subgroups, reveals that it belongs to the Ingleton-violating family PGL(2,p) with primes p > 3, i.e., the projective group of 2 by 2 nonsingular matrices with entries in F_p. This family of groups is therefore a good candidate for constructing network codes more powerful than linear network codes.
Inner Damage and External Dent in Composite Structures after Impact \textendash Part I: Experimental Observations (2013)

International audience
SafeDE: a flexible Diversity Enforcement hardware module for light-lockstepping (2021)

Safety-related systems, such as those in automotive, avionics and space, impose the existence of appropriate safety measures to meet the safety requirements of the system. In the case of the highest integrity level functionalities (e.g. ASIL-D in automotive), diverse redundancy must be deployed to avoid unreasonable risk of a single fault leading the system to a failure (e.g. using lockstepped cores). However, existing lockstep solutions are either (1) highly intrusive and inflexible coupling two cores with hardware means, or (2) costly in terms of execution time and monitoring if a software monitor thread checks that cores running redundantly preserve sufficient staggering. This paper presents SafeDE, a Diversity Enforcement hardware module providing light-lockstep support by means of a non-intrusive and flexible hardware module that preserves staggering across cores running redundant threads, thus bringing time diversity. SafeDE reconciles the lightness and flexibility of software-only solutions, even allowing using the cores without any lockstepping, as well as the tighter staggering of hardware-only solutions that allow using staggering values of few cycles, instead of hundreds of microseconds, as for software-only solutions. Our integration of SafeDE in a RISC-V FPGA-based space multicore from Cobham Gaisler shows that staggering is effectively preserved, and SafeDE overheads are negligible in terms of area and performance due to staggering.
ChemInform Abstract: DICARBONYLBIS(η‐CYCLOPENTADIENYL)TITANIUM(II) CHEMISTRY‐ REACTIONS WITH ORGANIC MOLECULES CONTAINING C‐CL, P‐CL, O‐H, AND S‐CL BONDS, SYNTHESIS, PROPERTIES, AND STRUCTURES OF η‐ACYL DERIVATIVES OF TITANIUM(IV) (1978)

Abstract Die Reaktion der Titelverbindung (I) mit den Acylchloriden (II) führt zu den Acyl‐Ti(IV)‐Derivaten (IVa).
Characteristics and survey of keratoconic contact lens wearers who are lost to follow up (2017)

BackgroundKeratoconic patients often require contact lenses for visual correction; a significant number discontinue clinic attendance and are 'lost to follow up'. This study identifies the characteristics of patients who discontinued or continued attendance and investigates ongoing visual management.MethodsRecords were retrieved for 102 patients lost to follow up from the contact lens clinic for three or more years (cases). They were matched to 102 contemporaneous patients who continued attendance (controls). Parameters were compared to identify differences between the groups using logistic regression. Parameters investigated were gender, age, distance from home to clinic, duration of keratoconus, duration of clinic attendance, unilateral or bilateral diagnosis, whether one eye had received a graft, back optic zone radius (BOZR) and wear time. A survey investigated how discontinued cases were managing and the reasons for discontinuation such as comfort and handling problems.ResultsThere were no significant differences between cases and controls for gender, age, distance from home or having received a graft. Odds of discontinuation in unilateral patients were 2.6 times that of bilateral patients (p = 0.003). Fifty‐three per cent of unilateral and 41 per cent of bilateral patients who discontinued did so within one year. Cases had shorter median duration since diagnosis (3.0 years versus 11.0 years, p < 0.0001) and shorter wearing times (56 hours per week versus 84 hours per week, p < 0.0001). BOZR was not significantly different between the two groups. The survey revealed poor comfort, handling problems and the ability to manage without as most common reasons cited.ConclusionBOZR, an indicator of disease severity, was not associated with non‐attendance. In general neophytes and those wearing a lens in one eye were more likely to discontinue.
Paroxysmal dystonic head tremor (1991)

Two patients with paroxysmal attacks of "no-no" direction head tremor and mild torticollis are described. One of them had the characteristic features of paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis and responded well to clonazepam.
Halogen–magnesium exchange on unprotected aromatic and heteroaromatic carboxylic acids (2007)

The magnesiation of halogenated aromatic and heteroaromatic carboxylic acids is accomplished by their treatment with MeMgCl in the presence of LiCl and subsequent reaction with i-PrMgCl.LiCl; the resulting double-magnesiated species react with a variety of electrophiles in up to 97% yield.
CAD-based approach for identification of elasto-static parameters of robotic manipulators (2013)

The paper presents an approach for the identification of elasto-static parameters of a robotic manipulator using the virtual experiments in a CAD environment. It is based on the numerical processing of the data extracted from the finite element analysis results, which are obtained for isolated manipulator links. This approach allows to obtain the desired stiffness matrices taking into account the complex shape of the links, couplings between rotational/translational deflections and particularities of the joints connecting adjacent links. These matrices are integral parts of the manipulator lumped stiffness model that are widely used in robotics due to its high computational efficiency. To improve the identification accuracy, recommendations for optimal settings of the virtual experiments are given, as well as relevant statistical processing techniques are proposed. Efficiency of the developed approach is confirmed by a simulation study that shows that the accuracy in evaluating the stiffness matrix elements is about 0.1%.
Effect of statin use on outcomes of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (2013)

Statin users did not experience different outcomes compared with non-users and statin use did not affect the efficacy of BCG immunotherapy; these data do not support modification or discontinuation of statin therapy for patients with NMIBC.
Visually Evoked Cerebral Blood Flow Responses (1992)

Visual stimulation of the occipital cortex results in an increased cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) in the posterior cerebral artery, as measured by transcranial Doppler in 10 normal subjects. The increase was greater for visual stimuli with a higher degree of complexity than for stimuli with a lower degree of complexity (movie with 30.1% maximal amplitude, checkerboard with 21%, and diffuse light with 16.3%). Endexpiratory carbon dioxide pressures (PCO 2 ) influenced the visual‐induced changes of CBFV: Hypercapnia induced a reduction of maximal response amplitude from 30% (normocapnia) to 15% (mild hypercapnia) or 8% (severe hypercapnia) as did hypocapnia (19.6%), indicating a nonlinear interaction between the vasomotor effects of PCO 2 and physiological activation. Ischemic lesions of the visual cortex studied in 7 patients also strongly reduced the CBFV responses evoked on the affected side, depending on the degree of infarcted tissue.
Studies on Chloramphenicol. XV (1952)

Application of thionyl chloride to the N-acyl and N, O-diacyl compounds of dl-1-p-nitrophenyl-2-amino-1, 3-propanediol to formNO2-C6H4-CH-CH (NH-Acyl)-CH2results in the obstruction of a steric rearrangement. If the reaction is carried out via the assumed structure of oxazoline hydrochloride, the threo and the erythro compounds undergo steric rearrangement to each other.
Enhancing the Data Learning With Physical Knowledge in Fine-Grained Air Pollution Inference (2020)

Fine-grained air pollution monitoring has attracted increasing attention worldwide. Even with an increasing amount of both static and mobile sensing systems, an inference algorithm is still essential to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the urban atmospheric environment. Conventional physical model-based methods are unable to involve all the influencing factors with limited prior knowledge, and datadriven methods lacking physical interpretation may result in bad generalization ability. This paper presents a multi-task learning scheme, which combines the physical model and the data-driven model with both merits. It enhances the data learning of a neural network with the aid of prior knowledge on atmospheric dispersion, and also controls the impact of the knowledge with a tunable weighting coefficient. Evaluations over a real-world deployment in Foshan, China show that, with the resolution of 500m×500m×15min, the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art ones with 7.9% error reduction and 6.2% correlation increase. Benefited from the physical knowledge, the neural network obtains stable performance with lower variance, as well as higher robustness against negative background conditions.
Optical Resolution of Pyridoxal-like Pyridinophanes (1984)

Abstract Racemic modifications of the pyridoxal-like ansa compounds such as 15-formyl-14-hydroxy-2,8-dithia[9](2,5)pyridinophanes prepared as a pontential catalyst for stereospecific nonenzymatic reactions were optically resolved through formation of Schiff bases by treatment with amino sugar derivatives or amino acids. Resolutions with the amino sugar derivatives were ascribable to the difference of the solubilities of the diastereomeric Schiff bases, whereas those with the amino acids resulted from the difference of the reaction rates for the formation of the diastereomeric Schiff bases. As the amino sugar resolving agents, 3-amino-3-deoxy-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-β-d-idofuranose and the corresponding α-d-glucofuranose isomer were employed and gave (R)- and (S)-pyridoxal-like pyridinophanes, respectively. On the other hand, chiral valine was the most efficient resolving agent among the amino acid tested and the presence of half equimolar Fe3+ markedly increased the optical purities of the products. Employment of (S)-valine gave (R)-pyridinophanes in excess and vice versa.
Octadecanuclearity in Manganese Carboxylate Chemistry: K<sub>4</sub>[Mn<sub>18</sub>O<sub>16</sub>(O<sub>2</sub>CPh)<sub>22</sub>(phth)<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>4</sub>] (phthH<sub>2</sub> = phthalic acid) (1995)

Small change—large effect: If some of the carboxylato ligands in the coordination sphere of the anion in 1 , which contains the butterfly‐like [Mn 4 (μ 3 ‐O) 2 ] unit, are replaced by dicarboxylato ligands by treatment with potassium hydrogen phthalate, the title compound 2 containing an Mn 18 O 16 framework in its anion is formed. It is the largest Mn/O aggregate discovered to date. equation image
Unified Model for Gas-Liquid Pipe Flow via Slug Dynamics—Part 2: Model Validation (2003)

In Zhang et al. [1], a unified hydrodynamic model is developed for prediction of gas-liquid (co-current) pipe flow behavior based on slug dynamics. In this study, the new model is validated with extensive experimental data acquired with different pipe diameters, inclination angles, fluid physical properties, gas-liquid flow rates and flow patterns. Good agreement is observed in every aspect of the two-phase pipe flow.
Studies on the Heat Stability of 5′-Ribonucleotides (1965)

1) pH2～7の溶液では, 5′-IMPまたは5′-GMPは加熱条件の如何を問わず, 一次分解反応 (または擬一次分解反応) の形式に従って分解する。2) 5′-IMP (5′-GMP) の熱分解生成物のおもなものとして, pH4～7の溶液ではInosine (Guanosine), pH3～3.5ではInosine, Hypoxanthine (Guanosine, Guanine), またpH2.5以下ではHypoxanthine (G-uanine) である。3) 水溶液中において, 5′-リボヌクレオチド類が糖の共存下で熱分解を受け易いのは, 糖自身の分解によって生じた有機酸 (おもにギ酸) がその水溶液のpHを低下させるためである。
Prevention and treatment of urogenital infections and complications: lactobacilli's multi-pronged effects (2006)

The association between depletion of vaginal lactobacilli and increased risk of various urogenital infections and complications such as preterm labor, has been known for some time. Restoration of depleted lactobacilli by administration of probiotic strains has been demonstrated in humans using Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and L. reuteri RC-14. These organisms also augment antibiotic efficacy, lessen the side effects of these drugs, and alleviate diarrhea in AIDS patients. The mechanisms appear to be multi-factorial, and include production of: (i) anti-microbial factors such as lactic acid, bacteriocins, hydrogen peroxide, (ii) biosurfactants or other components that affect pathogen colonization and biofilm formation, (iii) signalling compounds that influence pathogen virulence expression, and (iv) signalling compounds that modulate immunity. Recombinant strains have been produced that inhibit or kill HIV, offering hope for microbicide applications that can be self-used by women. As more information becomes available about the ‘normal’ versus ‘disease prone’ vaginal microbiota and strains that confer the most benefits, current and new probiotic remedies will potentially provide improved restorative and therapeutic options to lower the one billion urogenital infections currently afflicting women around the world.
Characteristics and Clinical Effects of Myopotential Signals in a Unipolar DDD Pacemaker Population (1986)

Myopotential signals were recorded from atrial and ventricular leads during isometric exercise in 25 patients who had chronically implanted dual chamber pacemakers using the electrogram telemetry capability of the pacemakers. Average electrogram amplitude on the atrial channel was 0.92 mV (range 0.3 to 1.9) and on the ventricular channel was 0.98 mV (range 0.3 to 2.2); the difference was not significant. There was a strong correlation (R = 0.82) between the amplitude of myopotentials on the atrial and ventricular leads for individual patients. Myopotential sensing caused ventricular output inhibition in two patients (8%) and ventricular tracking in sixteen patients (64%). Pacemaker reprogramming abolished ventricular myopotential inhibition in all patients and stopped ventricular myopotential tracking in seven patients. We conclude that myopotentials can be analyzed and their effects ameliorated by a multiprogrammable pacemaker with electrogram telemetry capability.
<I>Haemophilus somnus</I> virulence factors and resistance to host immunity (2004)

Haemophilus somnus ('Histophilus somni) is a Gram-negative bacterium and opportunistic pathogen associated with multisystemic diseases of bovines. Some strains of H. somnus are relatively avirulent, but are biochemically and antigenically similar to the virulent strains. Several virulence factors have been identified in H. somnus, of which lipo-oligosaccharide phase variation, induction of apoptosis, intraphagocytic survival and immunoglobulin Fc binding proteins have been well studied. The sequencing of the genomes of two strains of H. somnus has facilitated the identification of genes responsible for distinctive attributes within this species and related bacteria. The genetic characterization of this bacterium will enhance our understanding of H. somnus virulence factors and facilitate the development of new and improved vaccines. This review presents an overview of H. somnus virulence factors, their role in resistance to host defenses and pathogenesis, and the host immune response to this bacterium. Current areas of investigation in the post-genomic era and recent insights into new pathogenic mechanisms are also discussed.