gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Tag Extraction from Social Media for Visual Labeling (2015)

Visual labeling or automated visual annotation is of great importance to the efficient access and management of multimedia content. Many methods and techniques have been proposed for image annotation in the last decade and they have shown reasonable performance on standard datasets. Great progress has been made especially in recent couple of years with the development of deep learning models for image content analysis and extraction of content-based concept labels. However, concept objects labels are much more friendly to machine than to users. We consider that more relevant and user-friendly visual labels need to include “context” descriptors. In this study we explore the possibilities to leverage social media content as a resource for visual labeling. We developed a tag extraction system that applies heuristic rules and term weighting method to extract image tags from associated Tweet. The system retrieves tweet-image pairs from public Twitter accounts, analyzes the Tweet, and generates labels for the images. We elaborate on different visual labeling methods, tag analysis and tag refinement methods.
Analysis and Comparison of Several Algorithms in SSL/TLS Handshake Protocol (2009)

SSL/TLS servers are often overloaded with many simultaneous requests or denial of service (DoS) attack which will result in degradation of performance. So SSL/TLS servers have to utilize significantly more hardware in order to provide a reasonable response time to their customers. Instead of developing the hardware, it is always possible to look for faster algorithms in order to speed up decryption stages for improve SSL/TLS performance. In the paper, we investigate the performance and security of three algorithms in SSL/TLS handshake protocol. The solutions improve the performance without decrease security of the system or requiring expensive hardware. We provide detailed analyses of the three techniques and compare disadvantages of the three techniques. In particular, although increase some bandwidth and memory overhead to client, client-aided RSA provide the best performance among the algorithms in SSL/TLS handshake protocol by transfer some cryptographic computation to client.
MISMATCH REPAIR MUTATIONS OF <i>ESCHERICHIA COLI</i> K12 ENHANCE TRANSPOSON EXCISION (1985)

Excision of the prokaryotic transposon Tn10 is a host-mediated process that occurs in the absence of recA function or any transposon-encoded functions. To determine which host functions might play a role in transposon excision, we have isolated 40 mutants of E. coli K12, designated tex, which increase the frequency of Tn10 precise excision. Three of these mutations (texA) have been shown to qualitatively alter RecBC function. We show that 21 additional tex mutations with a mutator phenotype map to five genes previously identified as components of a methylation-directed pathway for repair of base pair mismatches: uvrD, mutH, mutL, mutS and dam. Previously identified alleles of these genes also have a Tex phenotype.--Several other E. coli mutations affecting related functions have been analyzed for their effects on Tn10 excision. Other mutations affecting the frequency of spontaneous mutations (mutT, polA, ung), different excision repair pathways (uvrA, uvrB) or the state of DNA methylation (dcm) have no effect on Tn10 excision. Mutations ssb-113 and mutD5, however, do increase Tn10 excision.--The products of the mismatch correction genes probably function in a coordinated way during DNA repair in vivo. Thus, mutations in these genes might also enhance transposon excision by a single general mechanism. Alternatively, since mutations in each gene have qualitatively and quantitatively different effects on transposon excision, defects in different mismatch repair genes may enhance excision by different mechanisms.
Computer Aided Design of Solvent Blends for Hybrid Cooling and Antisolvent Crystallization of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (2021)

Choosing a solvent and an antisolvent for a new crystallization process is challenging due to the sheer number of possible solvent mixtures and the impact of solvent composition and crystallization temperature on process performance. To facilitate this choice, we present a general computer aided mixture/blend design (CAM<sup>b</sup>D) formulation for the design of optimal solvent mixtures for the crystallization of pharmaceutical products. The proposed methodology enables the simultaneous identification of the optimal process temperature, solvent, antisolvent, and composition of solvent mixture. The SAFT-γ Mie group-contribution approach is used in the design of crystallization solvents; based on an equilibrium model, both the crystal yield and solvent consumption are considered. The design formulation is implemented in gPROMS and applied to the crystallization of lovastatin and ibuprofen, where a hybrid approach combining cooling and antisolvent crystallization is compared to each method alone. For lovastatin, the use of a hybrid approach leads to an increase in crystal yield compared to antisolvent crystallization or cooling crystallization. Furthermore, it is seen that using less volatile but powerful crystallization solvents at lower temperatures can lead to better performance. When considering ibuprofen, the hybrid and antisolvent crystallization techniques provide a similar performance, but the use of solvent mixtures throughout the crystallization is critical in maximizing crystal yields and minimizing solvent consumption. We show that our more general approach to rational design of solvent blends brings significant benefits for the design of crystallization processes in pharmaceutical and chemical manufacturing.
Hot corrosion studies of four nickel-base superalloys - B-1900, NASA-TRW VIA, 713C and IN738 (1976)

The susceptibility to hot corrosion of four nickel base superalloys has been studied at 900 deg and 1000 deg C in one atmosphere of slowly flowing oxygen. Hot corrosion was induced by coating the samples with known doses of NaSO4 and oxidizing the coated samples isothermally on a sensitive microbalance. In general, the order of susceptibility found was: B-1900 is greater than 713C is greater than NASA-TRW VIA and is greater than IN738. This order corresponds to the order of decreasing molybdenum content of the alloys. Chemical evidence for B-1900 indicates that hot corrosion is instigated by acid fluxing of the protective Al2O3 coating by MoO3.
Optical properties of InGaAs lattice-matched to InP (1990)

The optical spectra of a molecular-beam-epitaxially grown In0.53Ga0.47As epilayer lattice-matched on a (100) InP substrate are measured in the visible and infrared regions. The transmittance, reflectance, and their wavelength derivatives (wavelength-modulation spectra) are measured at room temperature. The spectra were analyzed by a theoretical spectral line-shape calculation based upon the band structure near the fundamental band gap. The quasidielectric functions and optical constants in the 0.6–3.1 eV range and the critical energies E0, E0+Δ0, E1, and E1+Δ1 are determined by fitting the calculated spectral line shapes to the measured spectra.
Payload technologies and applications for uninhabited air vehicles (UAVs) (1997)

After more than 50 years of limited niche applications in such roles as aerial targets, UAVs have recently emerged as major aerospace platforms for both military and civilian uses. This is due to three fundamental breakthroughs: (1) UAVs have begun to achieve reliability levels which allow routine operational use, (2) payload technologies have matured to the point where extremely useful functions can be accommodated within the weight, volume and power constraints of small airplanes, and (3) evidence is mounting that UAVs can do many tasks better and more affordably than manned aircraft. In many ways, UAVs compete with space systems for equivalent functions, often with the advantage of persistence over an area of interest at far closer range than a geostationary satellite. This paper surveys some of the major electronics developments which contribute to this resurgence. Among the topics covered are UAV architectures; imaging sensors, including synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and infrared/electro-optical (IR/EO) cameras; communications and data link systems; specialized sensors for such things as chemical detection and RF spectrum surveillance; and onboard processing. In all of these, recent system designs demonstrate levels of performance, e.g., SAR resolution and image processing time, comparable to or better than those achievable a few years ago only in systems costing one to two orders of magnitude more. The ways in which these payloads support military missions such as surveillance and commercial operations such as communications relay and earth resources sensing are reviewed. Finally, some projections are presented about important trends in both payload technologies and system applications.
Superparamagnetic beads: applications of solid-phase RT-PCR. (1994)

Solid-phase RT-PCR applications with Dynabeads Oligo (dT)25 allow the reproducible isolation and detection of low-abundance cDNA sequences from small cell and tissue samples. The reusable properties of the beads reduce reagent cost and provide large amounts of target cDNAs for downstream applications. Magnetic separation of pure target mRNA/cDNA sequences eliminates labor-intensive precipitation and extraction steps and provides mRNA/cDNA sequences absent of contamination.
Image Auto-Annotation and Retrieval Using Saliency Region Detecting and Segmentation Algorithm (2012)

Automatically assigning one or more relevant keywords to image has important significance. It is easier for people to retrieve and understand large collections of image data. Recent years much research has focused upon this field. In this paper, we introduce a salient region detection and segmentation algorithm used for image retrieval and keywords auto-annotation. We investigate the properties of a bin-cross bin metric between two feather-vectors called the Earth Mover's Distance (EMD), to enhance the precision and recall performance. The EMD is based on a solution to the transportation problem from linear optimization. It is more robust than histogram matching techniques. In this paper we only focus on applications about color-feathers, and we compare the performances about image auto-annotation and retrieval between EMD and other histogram matching distances. The results indicate that our methods are more flexible and reliable.
Azaindoles. II. The synthesis of Pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridines (1965)

3-Hydroxy-1 H -pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine, 3-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1 H -pyrazolo-[4,3-c]pyridine, 3-hydroxy-1-methyl-1 H -pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine, and their 5-oxides have been prepared for testing as tumour inhibitors. Lactam-lactim tautomerism in these compounds is discussed.
Class II major histocompatibility complex and organ specific autoimmunity in man (1986)

T helper lymphocytes only recognize the antigen to which they are directed if it is 'presented' to them by a cell expressing the same class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen as themselves. Since the target cells of most organ specific autoimmune diseases do not normally express class II MHC proteins on their surface, any cell specific surface antigens they possess may never have been presented, and therefore immunological tolerance to them may not exist. The target cells in several organ specific autoimmune diseases have been shown to express class II MHC aberrantly and this expression may have allowed presentation of such cell specific surface antigens to potentially autoreactive T helper lymphocytes. It has therefore been proposed that aberrant expression of class II MHC antigens may be an initiating factor in certain autoimmune diseases.
Pesticides - Formulations, Effects, Fate (2011)

This book provides an overview on a large variety of pesticide-related topics, organized in three sections. The first part is dedicated to the "safer" pesticides derived from natural materials, the design and the optimization of pesticides formulations, and the techniques for pesticides application. The second part is intended to demonstrate the agricultural products, environmental and biota pesticides contamination and the impacts of the pesticides presence on the ecosystems. The third part presents current investigations of the naturally occurring pesticides degradation phenomena, the environmental effects of the break down products, and different approaches to pesticides residues treatment. Written by leading experts in their respective areas, the book is highly recommended to the professionals, interested in pesticides issues.
Military PIOs Direct 'Theater' of War (1991)

Military PIOs direct theater of war They can set up shop anywhere in the desert. They're armed with suitcase-sized contingency containing pencils and paper, laptop computers, modems, video cameras and portable desks -- kits that can be transformed into a communications command center in minutes. But they're not Marines. They're military public information officers (PIOs) on the front lines, fighting what is the most massive communications war in history. Since the Gulf War began, hundreds of military PIOs -- including many PRSA members -- have found themselves thrust onto the world stage. Operation Desert Storm has catapulted military spokespersons like Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Gen. Colin L. Powell, army commander Gen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf and Pentagon spokesman Pete Williams to celebrity status. But the bulk of the work that goes into these spokespersons' press briefings and other military communications is performed behind the scenes by an army of invaluable PIOs. Basically, everything you've seen on TV or read in the newspapers about the war comes out of our office, said Eric Willenbrock, PRSA member and deputy commander of the U.S. Joint Information Bureau. Navy commander spoke to PRJ by phone from the command center at the Dhahran International Hotel in central Saudi Arabia. Willenbrock is responsible for providing the 1,007 war correspondents there with bomb damage assessments, casualty and POW counts, and other war-related information. It's by no means a nine-to-five job. I haven't had a day off since August 1, said Willenbrock, who has been working 16-hour days, seven days a week. CNN effect collapses time From a public relations standpoint, instant TV communications -- the CNN effect -- has made a tough job even tougher. Information that once took days to transmit is now broadcast live as it happens. This new fact of life has placed military PIOs on red alert virtually every second of the day. We are witnessing for the first time the phenomenon of live TV coverage of a war, said H.J. (Jerry) Dalton Jr., APR, PRSA immediate past president. Dalton, a retired brigadier general, was at one time in charge of worldwide public affairs for the Air Force. The problem is that there's absolutely no time to put the report in perspective and explain how it fits into the big picture. media's voracious appetite for fresh news angles has placed unreasonable demands on military PIOs, according to Llyle Barker, associate professor of journalism at Ohio State University and former chief public affairs officer for the army. The problem is that there's been an overexposure and overreportage of war news, Barker said. Criticism complicates battle Dealing with controversy and criticism is also part of the job. News organizations have criticized the Defense Department for imposing tight control over information, subjecting reporters to censorship and implementing a media pool system. Reporters argue that pools don't allow them to go freely among U.S. forces or engage in independent reporting. …
Inter-domain socket communications supporting high performance and full binary compatibility on Xen (2008)

Communication performance between two processes in their own domains on the same physical machine gets improved but it does not reach our expectation. This paper presents the design and implementation of high-performance inter-domain communication mechanism, called XWAY, that maintains binary compatibility for applications written in standard socket interface. As a result of our survey, we found that three overheads mainly contribute to the poor performance; those are TCP/IP processing cost in each domain, page flipping overhead, and long communication path between both sides of a socket. XWAY achieves high performance by bypassing TCP/IP stacks, avoiding page flipping overhead, and providing a direct, accelerated communication path between domains in the same machine. Moreover, we introduce the XWAY socket architecture to support full binary compatibility with as little effort as possible.
Hypothesis Testing Identification: A New Method For Bad Data Analysis In Power System State Estimation (1984)

The anomalous data identification procedures existing today in power system state estimation become problematic-if not totally unefficient-under stringent conditions, such as multiple and interacting bad data. The identification method presented in this paper attempts to alleviate these difficulties. It consists in :(i) computing measurement error estimates and using them as the random variables of concern;(ii) making decisions on the basis of a hypothesis testing which takes into account their statistical properties. Two identification techniques are then derived and further investigated and assessed by means of a realistic illustrative example. Conceptually novel, the identification methodology is thus shown to lead to practical procedures which are efficient, reliable and workable under all theoretically feasible conditions.
RELAÇÕES ENTRE LAZER E SAÚDE EM TEMPOS DE CULTURA SOMÁTICA (2018)

In contemporary times, most of our daily actions have been thought, lived and decided under the parameter of what is more or less healthy, including leisure. Considering this context, inherent to somatic culture, we work with the idea that the limits between leisure and health are increasingly tenuous so that as obligatory as having fun is to have fun in a "healthy" way. We argue, introductory, that the imperative of healthy leisure acts both in physical body dimension - in which leisure activities and health care must be confused, keeping in tune with ideal healthy life and therefore happy - as in mental body dimension - in which entertainment must consist of numbness, distraction intended to thought denial.
Risk of Endometrial Cancer in Relation to Use of Low-Dose, Unopposed Estrogens (1998)

The results suggest that a dosage of 0.3 mg per day of unopposed conjugated estrogens is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer.
Cancer-cell targeting and cell-specific delivery by mesoporous silica nanoparticles (2010)

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have emerged as promising drug carriers. Here we highlight some recent developments related to cell-specific targeting and delivery using MSNs. Some key requirements for carrier design are discussed from a biological perspective, including a suggested experimental work-flow for the evaluation of active cell-specific targeting of nanoparticles.
Quinupristin‐Dalfopristin: An Overview (2000)

Synercid (RP 59500), the first injectable streptogramin antibiotic, is composed of two semisynthetic pristinamycin derivatives, quinupristin and dalfopristin. Individually, each component has bacteriostatic activity against staphylococci and streptococci, but together, the agents exhibit synergy, leading to bactericidal activity. The combination drug, however, is bacteriostatic against Enterococcus faecium and has poor activity against Enterococcus faecalis. Despite a short half-life, an extended postantibiotic effect allows the agent to be dosed every 8-12 hours. Both drugs are largely hepatically metabolized and excreted in bile. Although not metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4, quinupristin-dalfopristin can inhibit agents that are metabolized through this pathway. Dosage adjustments may be necessary in patients with hepatic dysfunction. Alterations in renal function have minimal effects on the agent's pharmacokinetics. Adverse events include arthralgia, myalgias, and infusion-related pain. Based on available data, quinupristin-dalfopristin appears to have a role in treating severely ill patients with infections due to multiresistant gram-positive pathogens.
Local Anti‐Infective Therapy: Pharmacological Agents. A Systematic Review (2003)

1. In some populations, anti-infective agents in a sustained-release vehicle alone can reduce PD and bleeding on probing (BOP) equivalent to that achieved by SRP alone. 2. No evidence was found for an adjunctive effect on reduction of PD and BOP of therapist-delivered CHX irrigation during SRP compared to SRP alone. 3. Additional RCTs are needed which evaluate the effectiveness of these therapies in all forms of periodontitis. 4. The study protocol for future RCTs should include appropriate statistical analyses and complete data sets to facilitate future evidence-based reviews. 5. Alternative surrogate parameters to PD and CAL need to be identified and validated such as microbial, inflammatory, or tissue-destructive markers that could be used in conjunction with clinical parameters to help determine the patient's response to emerging technologies that target the infectious and/or inflammatory aspects of periodontitis. 6. Future Phase IV clinical trials should be designed that evaluate local anti-infective therapies in conjunction with SRP in a manner consistent with current standards of care and evaluate cost-effectiveness. 7. The use of local anti-infective agents in at-risk patient populations and for the treatment of at-risk disease sites needs to be validated in randomized controlled clinical trials. 8. Several local anti-infective agents combined with SRP appear to provide additional benefits in PD reduction and CAL gain compared to SRP alone. The decision to use local anti-infective adjunctive therapy remains a matter of individual clinical judgment, the phase of treatment, and the patient's status and preferences.
Conformation of Multilevel Current Source Converter Topologies Using the Duality Principle (2008)

This paper explores the issue of constructing multilevel current source converter (MCSC) topologies using the duality principle. Three circuit cells for MCSCs are derived from the applications of the duality on the three common leg circuit cells of multilevel voltage source converters (MVSCs). Based on the presented three cells, three families of MCSC topologies, which are also corresponding to three families of MVSCs, are constructed. Analytical results show that these derived MCSCs and their corresponding MVSCs present analogous features such as the ac side currents/voltages and inductor/capacitor currents/voltages, though they are not direct dual structures. Some experimental results are given to verify the presented MCSC structures.
Immobilization of excess alternative to glass (1998)

The United States plans to immobilize several metric tons of excess weapons plutonium in a solid matrix. The selected material must achieve the short‐term goal of deterring proliferation through theft or host‐nation reuse, and the long‐term goal of preventing plutonium exposures over geologic time. The Department of Energy, after internal review, has recently decided on Synroc, a crystalline ceramic, to immobilize the plutonium. This paper presents an independent technical comparison of glass versus ceramic immobilization options, and reaches similar conclusions to those of the Department of Energy. On a technical basis, Synroc performs better than glass in a number of areas. It is more proliferation resistant than glass due to the more complicated and less well‐known extraction process that would be required to separate the plutonium. Synroc is more chemically durable than borosilicate glass and can dissolve more depleted uranium than glasses to address future criticality problems. Now that the Department of Energy has selected Synroc as the waste form of choice for plutonium disposition, it should also be reconsidered for immobilization of high‐level nuclear waste.