gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal preventive maintenance in a production inventory system (1999)

We consider a production inventory system that produces a single product type, and inventory is maintained according to an (S, s) policy. Exogenous demand for the product arrives according to a random process. Unsatisfied demands are not back ordered. Such a make-to-stock production inventory policy is found very commonly in discrete part manufacturing industry, e.g., automotive spare parts manufacturing. It is assumed that the demand arrival process is Poisson. Also, the unit production time, the time between failures, and the repair and maintenance times are assumed to have general probability distributions. We conjecture that, for any such system, the down time due to failures can be reduced through preventive maintenance resulting in possible increase in the system performance. We develop a mathematical model of the system, and derive expressions for several performance measures. One such measure (cost benefit) is used as the basis for optimal determination of the maintenance parameters. The model application is explained via detailed study of 21 variants of a numerical example problem. The optimal maintenance policies (obtained using a numerical search technique) vary widely depending on the problem parameters. Plots of the cost benefit versus the system characteristic parameters (such as, demand arrival rate, failure rate, production rate, etc.) reveal the parameter sensitivities. The results show that the actual values of the failure and maintenance costs, and their ratio are significant in determining the sensitivities of the system parameters.
Satellite orbital conjunction reports assessing threatening encounters in space (SOCRATES) (2006)

While many satellite operators are aware of the possibility of a collision between their satellite and another object in earth orbit, most seem unaware of the frequency of near misses occurring each day. Until recently, no service existed to advise satellite operators of an impending conjunction of a satellite payload with another satellite, putting the responsibility for determining these occurrences squarely on the satellite operator's shoulders. This problem has been further confounded by the lack of a timely, comprehensive data set of satellite orbital element sets and computationally efficient tools to provide predictions using industry-standard software. As a result, hundreds of conjunctions within 1 km occur each week, with little or no intervention, putting billions of dollars of space hardware at risk, along with their associated missions. As a service to the satellite operator community, the Center for Space Standards & Innovation (CSSI) offers SOCRATES-Satellite Orbital Conjunction Reports Assessing Threatening Encounters in Space. Twice each day, CSSI runs a list of all satellite payloads on orbit against a list of all objects on orbit using the catalog of all unclassified NORAD two-line element sets to look for conjunctions over the next seven days. The runs are made using STK/CAT-Satellite Tool Kit's Conjunction Analysis Tools-together with the NORAD SGP4 propagator in STK. This paper will discuss how SOCRATES works and how it can help satellite operators avoid undesired close approaches through advanced mission planning.
Reducing Reversible Circuit Cost by Adding Lines. (2012)

Additional lines are required to implement an irreversible function as a reversible circuit. The emphasis, particularly in automated synthesis methods, has been on using the minimal number of additional lines. In this paper, we show that circuit cost reductions can be achieved by adding additional lines. We present an algorithm for line addition that can be targeted to reducing the quantum cost of a circuit or the transistor count for a CMOS implementation. Experimental results show that the cost reduction can be significant even if (1) only a small number of lines (even one) is added and (2) other circuit optimizations have already been applied.
<title>Near-edge structure in the soft x-ray quantum efficiency of microchannel plate (MCP) detectors</title> (1994)

We describe our recent synchrotron measurements of microchannel plate (MCP) quantum detection efficiency made in pulse-counting mode in a 40-300 eV band containing the L shell absorption edges of silicon. The significance of this data for the calibration of the HRC-S transmission grating detector for the AXAF-I X-ray observatory is discussed.
Abstract TP271: Novel Carbon-Based Particle Antioxidants in Reversible Hyperglycemic MCA Occlusion (2013)

Introduction: We have demonstrated that nanoscale PEG-ylated oxidized carbon materials, which we refer to as hydrophilic carbon clusters (PEG-HCCs), have antioxidant characteristics favorable for their use in ischemia. These materials are rich in conjugated carbon double bond domains, and unlike conventional antioxidants, are able to quench rather than transfer oxidative radicals thus not requiring regeneration (Marcano et al, JNT in press). They have shown no acute or 6 week toxicity in rodents, excellent uptake into endothelial cells and protection against TBI-induced neurovascular dysfunction (Bitner et al, ACS Nano, 2012), but were not designed for blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport. We were able to synthesize PEG-HCCs bound to adamantane (ADM), a well characterized moiety that increases lipophilicity. We tested these agents in a severe example of oxidative stress, reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in acutely hyperglycemic rats (Martini and Kent, JCBFM 2006). Methods: 16 Male, Long Evans rats received an ip injection of streptozotocin or vehicle 2 days prior to 90 minutes MCAO using the suture technique. Physiological and post-op monitoring was performed. PEG-HCCs or ADM-PEG-HCCs were injected IV at suture removal. The endpoints investigated thus far are: mortality; nitric oxide (NO) expression, reflected in the ratio of perivascular DAF-2AC intensity in penumbra to contralateral region after 5 min. circulation (Fabian and Kent AJP 2008); and presence of the PEG-HCCs detected by reaction product from an anti-PEG antibody to the tightly bound PEG moiety. Results: Mortality by 24 hours was 100% in untreated hyperglycemic rats, 66% with PEG-HCCs and 33% after ADM-PEG-HCCs. Ratio of penumbral perivascular NO expression to control hemisphere was: untreated: 0.29; PEG-HCCs: 0.52; and ADM-PEG-HCCs: 0.59. There was considerable vascular and parenchymal staining with ADM-PEG-HCC but was restricted to the vasculature with PEG-HCCs. Conclusion: Addition of an ADM moiety to PEG-HCCs reduced mortality. This may have occurred because of BBB transport and partial recoupling of endothelial NO synthase, thought to be impaired in hyperglycemic stroke. Further characterization of the range of actions of these materials is underway.
Angle dependence of the ferromagnetic resonance linewidth and two magnon losses in pulsed laser deposited films of yttrium iron garnet, MnZn ferrite, and NiZn ferrite (1999)

Shorted waveguide ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements were made at 9.5 GHz for pulsed laser deposited yttrium iron garnet (YIG), MnZn ferrite, and NiZn ferrite films with thicknesses of 1.8, 0.5, and 1.5 μm, respectively. The FMR field versus the field angle confirmed the operational assumption of a uniform mode response. For the YIG, the linewidth was 10 Oe when the external field and magnetization vectors were perpendicular to the disk (perpendicular FMR) and increased smoothly to a maximum value of 27 Oe when the field and magnetization were in the film plane (parallel FMR). For the MnZn, the linewidth was 49 Oe at perpendicular FMR, increased with the angle between the film normal and the external field to a broad maximum of 80 Oe at 35°, and then dropped to 65 Oe at parallel FMR. For the NiZn, the linewidth was 310 Oe at perpendicular FMR, increased with the field angle to a broad maximum of 1530 Oe at 45°, and then dropped to 960 Oe at parallel FMR. The linewidths were larger than predicted for reasonable values of the Landau–Lifshitz damping and showed angle dependences which indicated nonintrinsic contributions to the loss. Two magnon scattering was used to model these linewidth differences. The angle dependences of the excess linewidths show qualitative agreement with the two magnon predictions, with inhomogeneity sizes in the submicron range and volume fractions below 1%.
Phosphorylation of Lysosomal Enzymes in Fibroblasts. Marked Deficiency of<i>N</i>-Acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase in Fibroblasts of Patients with Mucolipidosis III (1982)

N-Acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase activity was assayed in human skin fibroblasts using [beta-32P]UDP-N-acetylglucosamine as donor and dephosphorylated beta-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidase as acceptor. An optimal transfer rate of N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate required CDP-choline and ADP in order to inhibit the breakdown of [beta-32P]UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and a combination of leupeptin and iodoacetamide to protect the transferase. The transferase required Mg2 or Mn2. Using doubly labelled UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, simultaneous transfer of N-acetyl-[6-3H]glucosamine and [32P]phosphate to endogenous acceptors was demonstrated. Membranes prepared from fibroblasts from patients with mucolipidosis III were defective in transfer of N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate. A residual transferase activity of less than 10% of controls was detectable in fibroblast membranes of eight patients with mucolipidosis III. In membranes from fibroblasts from patients with mucolipidosis II,N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase activity was not detectable. Our results indicate that the primary defect in mucolipidoses II and III is a deficiency in N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase, the residual activity being higher in mucolipidosis III than in mucolipidosis II.
Activin-A inhibits progesterone production by macaque luteal cells in culture. (1992)

Since inhibin is produced during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in women and nonhuman primates, the primate corpus luteum (CL) may be a local site of inhibin/activin action. This study was designed to determine whether inhibin or activin altered steroidogenesis by macaque luteal cells in vitro. Luteal cells were obtained by enzymatic dispersion of CL from rhesus monkeys at midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Cells (2 x 10(4)/0.2 mL) were cultured in wells coated with extracellular matrix from bovine corneal endothelial cells in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/F-12 medium (1:1 vol/vol) + insulin (2 ng/mL), transferrin (5 ng/mL), H2SeO3 (0.25 nmol), and aprotinin (10 micrograms/mL). Various concentrations (0-400 ng/mL) of recombinant human-inhibin-A, recombinant human-activin-A or human CG (hCG) (100 ng/mL; CR123) alone or in combination with inhibin or activin were added to the culture media (n = 5 Exp). Media were changed daily for 4 days and progesterone (P) concentrations were determined by RIA. Inhibin exposure did not alter P levels compared to that of control (untreated) cultures. In contrast, activin (10-400 ng/mL) suppressed P production (P less than 0.05) below controls and inhibin-treated cultures by days 3 and 4. Exposure to hCG increased P levels throughout culture (9 x control levels by day 4; P less than 0.05). hCG-stimulated P production was unaltered by inhibin, whereas activin (50-400 ng/mL) reduced (maximal inhibition of 40%; P less than 0.05) hCG-stimulated P production by day 4 of culture. Cell number on day 4 was not altered by any dose of inhibin or activin, but the number of cells staining for 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was reduced (P less than 0.05) by 32.9 +/- 2.6% in activin-treated cultures. Since P levels declined during culture in all treatment groups, in a second series of experiments (n = 4), luteal cells were cultured for 4 days with or without hCG (100 ng/mL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL; 100 micrograms/mL) +/- 0-400 ng activin/mL. P production in the presence of hCG+LDL was greatly enhanced compared to other treatment groups and was sustained during days 2-4 of culture. Activin at doses of 50-400 ng/mL suppressed (maximal inhibition of approximately 35%; P less than 0.05) hCG+LDL-stimulated P production on days 3 and 4. These results suggest that the primate CL is a target for activin action to suppress luteal cell activities, including gonadotropin-regulated, lipoprotein-mediated steroidogenesis.
The State of the World's Children 1992 (1992)

Each year, UNICEF’s flagship publication, The State of the Worlds Children, closely examines a key issue affecting children. The report includes supporting data and statistics and is available in English, French and Spanish language versions.
Toll‐like receptor‐4 (TLR‐4) deficiency did not offer protection against trans fat or high fat diet‐induced hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia in mice (2009)

Low‐grade chronic inflammation is linked to insulin resistance, type‐2 diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. TLR‐4 signaling plays an important role in inflammation. It has been reported that TLR‐4 deficiency offers protection against obesity and inflammatory response induced by diets high in fat. We investigated whether natural TLR‐4 mutation (BL‐10 background) protects against trans fat (TF) and high fat (HF) induced insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and hyperleptinemia. TLR‐4 deficient and wild‐type (WT) mice were fed either low fat control (LF; 4.5%), TF (35%), or HF (35%) diets ad libitum for 12 weeks. Both groups of mice had significantly higher serum insulin, glucose, cholesterol, and leptin in response to TF and HF diets compared to LF control (P<0.05). Mice fed TF diet had hepatomegaly regardless of TLR‐4 genotype. There was no significant difference in serum insulin, glucose, and triacylglycerol between TLR‐4 deficient and WT mice fed LF, TF, or HF diets. There was a tendency toward higher serum cholesterol in TLR‐4 deficient mice compared to WT mice, in all three diet groups. Neither TLR‐4 genotype nor diet type had effect on serum adiponectin. These data suggest that lack of TLR‐4 signaling does not confer protection against TF or HF induced hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia in BL‐10 mice. Supported by Intramural Grant from the College of Health and Human Sciences, Georgia State University.
Reversible Crystal Deformation of Poly(tetramethylene terephthalate) Segments in Semicrystalline Segmented Poly(ether ester) Thermoplastic Elastomers (1998)

Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) patterns of segmented poly(ether ester) fibers, which were made from poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG) and poly(tetramethylene terephthalate) (PTMT), under tensile stress were studied to clarify the effect of the amorphous region on reversible crystal deformation of PTMT crystallites in the copolymers. The transition between the α and β crystal phases was observed around 800 Kg/cm2 in tensile stress with various copolymers. The transition was not observed in PTMG rich copolymers in which the amorphous region was too soft to bear this level of tensile stress.
Imprinting techniques in synthetic polymers — new options for chemosensors (1997)

Highly selective molecular recognition in synthetic polymers may be the basis for a new type of chemosensor. For the preparation of such polymers, a molecular imprinting procedure during crosslinking is used to generate, with the aid of template molecules, microcavities of specific shape and with a defined arrangement of functional groups. In this review the role of the polymer matrix and the type of binding site interaction is discussed in more detail. Recent attempts to use these polymers as the basis for chemosensors are highlighted.
Metamorphic Ga0.76In0.24As/GaAs0.75Sb0.25 tunnel junctions grown on GaAs substrates (2014)

Lattice-matched and pseudomorphic tunnel junctions have been developed in the past for application in a variety of semiconductor devices, including heterojunction bipolar transistors, vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers, and multijunction solar cells. However, metamorphic tunnel junctions have received little attention. In 4-junction Ga0.51In0.49P/GaAs/Ga0.76In0.24As/Ga0.47In0.53As inverted-metamorphic solar cells (4J-IMM), a metamorphic tunnel junction is required to series connect the 3rd and 4th junctions. We present a tunnel junction based on a metamorphic Ga0.76In0.24As/GaAs0.75Sb0.25 structure for this purpose. This tunnel junction is grown on a metamorphic Ga0.76In0.24As template on a GaAs substrate. The band offsets in the resulting type-II heterojunction are calculated using the first-principles density functional method to estimate the tunneling barrier height and assess the performance of this tunnel junction against other material systems and compositions. The effect of the metamorphic growth on the performance of the tunnel junctions is analyzed using a set of metamorphic templates with varied surface roughness and threading dislocation density. Although the metamorphic template does influence the tunnel junction performance, all tunnel junctions measured have a peak current density over 200 A/cm2. The tunnel junction on the best template has a peak current density over 1500 A/cm2 and a voltage drop at 15 A/cm2 (corresponding to operation at 1000 suns) lower than 10 mV, which results in a nearly lossless series connection of the 4th junction in the 4J-IMM structure.
Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre long‐term follow‐up study of first‐episode psychosis: methodology and baseline characteristics (2007)

The EPPIC long-term follow-up study is a large and epidemiologically representative first-episode psychosis cohort that has been subsequently prospectively followed up over a long period. Such a sample provides a rare opportunity to study the course and outcome of psychotic disorders.
<title>Separable source models for document image decoding</title> (1995)

This paper defines separable models and examines their relationship to other types of Markov source models used for document image decoding. Loosely, a separable source is one that may be factored into a product of 1-dimensional models that represent horizontal and vertical structure, respectively. More formally, a separable model is a collection of Markov subsources that is similar to a recursive transition network. Associated with some of the nodes are position constraints that restrict entry to the nodes to certain regions of the image plane. The top-level subsource is a vertical model whose nodes are all tightly constrained to specific horizontal positions. The importance of separable models is that they form the basis for fast decoding algorithms based on heuristic search. In many situations, the natural structure of a class of document images leads the user to define a model that is recursive, but not necessarily separable. We describe an algorithm for converting a recursive source into an equivalent separable form, if one exists. A key factor determining the success of source separation is the number of tightly constrained nodes. We present a procedure for propagating user-supplied position constraints, typically given for a small subset of nodes, to the remaining nodes of the model.
Biodistribution and Shedding of AAV Vectors (2011)

Determining the AAV vector biodistribution and shedding is central for the safety assessment of proposed early-phase clinical trials. It is especially crucial in the case of AAV vectors since they are injected directly in situ with no possibility of an intermediate ex vivo step, such as in retroviral-mediated approaches. This sole administration mode, the high capsid diversity (natural and chimeric), the various routes of delivery (e.g., intramuscular, intravenous, intra-arterial, and intracranial) make biodistribution and shedding studies a major investigational field for several years ahead. Indeed, the ideal scenario whereby they become generic is less likely to occur as long as the engineered capsid, the therapeutic strategies (expression of cDNA versus oligonucleotides for exon skipping), and the mode of delivery continue to evolve quickly to clinical translational strategies. An important aspect of biodistribution and shedding studies is that they practically should not be performed on a "research" mode but rather within the frame of the regulatory animal pharmacology and toxicology studies in order to directly implement the Investigational New Drug (IND) application. Yet, if biodistribution and shedding in animal models are explored at an early research stage, i.e., to investigate whether a given AAV serotype administered in a given way transduces certain immunocompetent cells (how does the vector distribute itself in the immune system and with what kinetic?), it is advisable to use an AAV vector manufactured and quality controlled similarly to what will be done ultimately at the clinical stage. This chapter provides protocols and recommendations to study how an AAV vector distributes and sheds after administration. We discuss (1) the requirements for a rigorous methodology; (2) avoiding nucleic acid cross contamination; (3) systematically assessing the assay sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility because milieus can be drastically different, i.e., feces versus urine; and (4) choosing the appropriate animal model(s) when anticipating the regulatory pharmacological/toxicological studies.
Removability of exceptional sets for differentiable and Lipschitz functions (2014)

We discuss removability problems concerning differentiability and pointwise Lipschitz conditions for functions of a real variable. We prove that, in each of the settings under consideration, a set is removable if and only if it has no perfect subsets.
Chemotherapeutic Efficacy of 5-Fluorouracil with Concurrent Thymidine Infusion against Transplantable Colon Tumors in Rodents (1984)

The therapeutic efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (FU) given concomitantly with thymidine (TdR) versus that of FU alone at an equitoxic dose was evaluated when these agents were given by 72-h continuous i.v. infusion or as an i.v. push dose through the tail vein to Fischer rats bearing a transplantable colon carcinoma or to BALB/c or C57BL/6J mice bearing murine colon tumors no. 26 or 38, respectively. In the presence of TdR, the dose of FU maximally tolerated by normal rats and mice was reduced by approximately half. In tumor-bearing rats, infusion of FU alone (150 mg/kg X 72 h) was as effective as concurrent infusion of FU (100 mg/kg X 72 h) with TdR (5 g/kg X 72 h), as evaluated in terms of tumor-free survivors (7/22 and 6/20, respectively). In addition, both regimens were more effective than an i.v. push dose of FU (200 mg/kg) or FU (80 mg/kg) and TdR (2 g/kg), which resulted in 2/18 and 0/18 tumor-free survivors, respectively. No significant differences in tumor growth inhibition were seen using either murine colon tumor, whether FU or the FU with TdR combination was administered as an i.v. push dose or as an infusion. Quantitation of the levels of TdR and thymine (T) in rat plasma obtained during infusion of various doses of TdR showed dose-dependent levels of TdR and T, indicating conversion of TdR to T in vivo. These data showed that, under the conditions employed, TdR did not modify significantly the antitumor activity of FU against rodent colon tumors. The toxicity of FU, however, could be enhanced by the coadministration of TdR, probably due, in part, to a reduced degradation of FU resulting from competition by T.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLES. IV. PHOTOLYSES OF 4‐ARYLACETYLATED 1,2‐DIHYDROISOQUINOLINE, ISOCARBOSTYRIL AND ITS ENOL ACETATES (1978)

Abstract Während die Photolyse der Verbindungen (I) und (III) nicht zu Benzophenanthridinen führt, erhält man bei der Belichtung des Enolacetats (VIIa) nur bei Zusatz von Iod die gewünschten Cyclisierungsprodukte (IX), die weiter in (X) und (XI) umgewandelt werden.