gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous blockade of the epidermal growth factor receptor/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway by epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors and rapamycin results in reduced cell growth and survival in biliary tract cancer cells (2009)

The prognosis of patients with biliary tract adenocarcinomas (BTA) is still poor due to lack of effective systemic treatment options. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this disease is of importance for the development of new treatment strategies. We determined the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and activated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) in paraffin-embedded surgical specimens of BTA (n = 89) by immunohistochemistry. Overall survival was analyzed with Cox models adjusted for clinical and pathologic factors. Combined EGFR/p-mTOR expression was significantly associated with relapse-free survival [adjusted hazard ratio for relapse, 2.20; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.45-3.33; P < 0.001] and overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio for death, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.50-3.58; P < 0.001) of the patients. The effect of the EGFR inhibitors erlotinib or cetuximab and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin on growth and survival of five BTA cell lines was tested in short-term 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays and long-term colony formation assays. Simultaneous blockade of EGFR and mTOR in biliary tract cancer cell lines results in a synergistic inhibition of both phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, leading to reduced cell growth and survival. These results suggest that combined targeted therapy with EGFR and mTOR inhibitors may potentially benefit patients with BTAs and should be further evaluated in clinical trials.
ACCELERATED FILAMENT FORMATION FROM TAU PROTEIN WITH SPECIFIC FTDP-17 MISSENSE MUTATIONS (1999)

Tau is the major component of the neurofibrillar tangles that are a pathological hallmark of Alzheimers' disease. The identification of missense and splicing mutations in tau associated with the inherited frontotemporal dementia and Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 demonstrated that tau dysfunction can cause neurodegeneration. However, the mechanism by which tau dysfunction leads to neurodegeneration remains uncertain. Here, we present evidence that frontotemporal dementia and Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 missense mutations, P301L, V337M and R406W, cause an accelerated aggregation of tau into filaments. These results suggest one mechanism by which these mutations can cause neurodegeneration and frontotemporal dementia and Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17.
Aberrant cochlear hair cell attachments caused by Nectin-3 deficiency result in hair bundle abnormalities (2013)

The organ of Corti consists of sensory hair cells (HCs) interdigitated with nonsensory supporting cells (SCs) to form a checkerboard-like cellular pattern. HCs are equipped with hair bundles on their apical surfaces. We previously reported that cell-adhesive nectins regulate the checkerboard-like cellular patterning of HCs and SCs in the mouse auditory epithelium. Nectin-1 and -3 are differentially expressed in normal HCs and SCs, respectively, and in Nectin-3-deficient mice a number of HCs are aberrantly attached to each other. We show here that these aberrantly attached HCs in Nectin-3-deficient mice, but not unattached ones, show disturbances of the orientation and morphology of the hair bundles and the positioning of the kinocilium, with additional abnormal localisation of cadherin-catenin complexes and the apical-basal polarity proteins Pals1 and Par-3. These results indicate that, owing to the loss of Nectin-3, hair cells contact each other inappropriately and form abnormal junctions, ultimately resulting in abnormal hair bundle orientation and morphology.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Effect of Complexation on the Alkaline Hydrolysis of 4‐Aminophenylazobenzothiazolium Dyes. (1988)

Abstract The hydrolysis of (Ia) is inhibited by substituted benzoate and benzenesulfonate anions and phenolate ions due to complexation.
Activation of channel activity of the NMDA receptor‐PSD‐95 complex by guanylate kinase‐associated protein (GKAP) (1999)

The channel-associated protein PSD-95 functionally modulates NMDA receptor channels, interacting with the channels via PDZ domain of PSD-95. PSD-95 also interacts with guanylate kinase-associated protein (GKAP) through the guanylate kinase-like domain of PSD-95. Here we report that GKAP markedly potentiates the channel activity of the receptor-PSD-95 complex. However, GKAP had no effect on basic properties of the channels nor on PSD-95-induced changes in channel properties. Thus, GKAP affects the channel activity of the NMDA receptor via PSD-95 quantitatively, which may make signal transmission more efficient at postsynaptic sites.
Effect of Nursing and Stress Upon Prolactin-Inhibiting Activity of the Rat Hypothalamus (1965)

The prolactin-inhibiting activity in whole hypothalami of lactating rats nonnursed for 10½ hr and with high pituitary concentration of prolactin (Group a) was compared with that in whole hypothalami of rats whose pituitary prolactin concentration had been acutely reduced by nursing (Group b), the stress of laparotomy and bleeding (Group c) or the stress of cervical dislocation and decapitation (Group d). Two different assay systems were used for the quantitation of prolactin-inhibiting activity. Acidic extracts of hypothalami of Groups a, b and c prevented the fall in pituitary prolactin concentration which follows 30 min of nursing in the rat when injected ip 1-2 min prior to nursing at a dose of 1 or ¼ hypothalamus/rat (Group d was not tested). Acidic extracts of hypothalami of Groups a, b, c and d prevented the fall in pituitary prolactin concentration which results from 5 min of stress of laparotomy and bleeding from the inferior vena cava in the ether-anesthetized lactating rat, when injected iv 1 min prior to the stress at a dose of 0.3 hypothalamus/rat. Doses of 0.1 or 0.05 hypothalamus/rat were ineffective. No between- group differences in prolactin-inhibiting activity were noted at any dose level. We conclude from these data that the prolactininhibiting activity of the lactating rat hypothalamus is not detectably altered when release of pituitary prolactin following nursing and stress occurs. We suggest that the acute stimuli of nursing and stress effect the release of prolactin in the rat by suppressing the release of a prolactin-inhibiting substance from the hypothalamus. (Endocrinology77: 1037, 1965)
Spectral-domain analysis of radiating cylindrical dielectric resonator for wireless communications [WLANs] (1995)

A novel class of leaky-mode cylindrical dielectric resonators including mounting holder and radial-step has been recently proposed as a feed structure for omnidirectional antennas that are suitable for wireless communication systems. In this work, a spectral-domain modeling is developed and used for analysis of these composite cylindrical dielectric resonators considering single and double radiating slots. The dielectric resonators are bounded between two parallel conducting plates so that leaky-wave propagation takes place under some electrical and geometrical conditions. Results and discussion are focused on the properties of low-order leaky TM-modes. Influences of various structural parameters on resonant frequency and quality factor of leaky dielectric resonators are presented in detail. A set of experiments are made to verify the proposed theoretical approach.
Excitations and Optical Properties of Phenylene Based Polymers (1998)

A complex picture of phenylene-based polymers is developed which unifies features of band and molecular exciton models. It incorporates major experimental finding in direct, and photoinduced optical absorption, stimulated photoemission and photoconductivity. The authors give new assignments for the most disputed features and identify new ones as edge states. The authors confirm a low binding energy for the principle emitting exciton and show that it dominates also in the fundamental absorption. Contradictions in the current modeling state-of-art are displayed and discussed.
Foamy Virus Nuclear RNA Export Is Distinct from That of Other Retroviruses (2010)

Most retroviruses express all of their genes from a single primary transcript. In order to allow expression of more than one gene from this RNA, differential splicing is extensively used. Cellular quality control mechanisms retain and degrade unspliced or partially spliced RNAs in the nucleus. Two pathways have been described that explain how retroviruses circumvent this nuclear export inhibition. One involves a constitutive transport element in the viral RNA that interacts with the cellular mRNA transporter proteins NXF1 and NXT1 to facilitate nuclear export. The other pathway relies on the recognition of a viral RNA element by a virus-encoded protein that interacts with the karyopherin CRM1. In this report, we analyze the protein factors required for the nuclear export of unspliced foamy virus (FV) mRNA. We show that this export is CRM1 dependent. In contrast to other complex retroviruses, FVs do not encode an export-mediating protein. Cross-linking experiments indicated that the cellular protein HuR binds to the FV RNA. Inhibition studies showed that both ANP32A and ANP32B, which are known to bridge HuR and CRM1, are essential for FV RNA export. By using this export pathway, FVs solve a central problem of viral replication.
Morphological changes of rhodium on alumina as observed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMorphological changes of rhodium on alumina as observed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopyRon Dictor and Scott RobertsCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 6, 2526–2532Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100343a057https://doi.org/10.1021/j100343a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Synthesis of Aza‐β‐lactams from Diaziridines. (1990)

Abstract 1,3‐Diazetidinones such as (III) are obtained by palladium‐catalyzed carbonylation of the diaziridines (I) having one substituent attached to the ring carbon atom.
Raman scattering of SiC: Application to the identification of heteroepitaxy of SiC polytypes (1987)

Heteroepitaxial growth of 3C- and 6H-silicon carbide (SiC) was investigated using Raman scattering. It was found that 3C-SiC(111) can be epitaxially grown on 6H-SiC(0001) by chemical vapor deposition, and that Raman spectra are useful for identification of heterostructure of thin layers.
SPECIFICITY OF THE ANTIBODIES PRODUCED BY SINGLE CELLS FOLLOWING IMMUNIZATION WITH ANTIGENS BEARING TWO TYPES OF ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS (1967)

A combination of double immunofluorescent technique and radioautographic localization of radioactive antigens was used to investigate the question whether single antibody-producing cells can make antibodies of more than one specificity after immunization with antigens bearing more than one determinant. When guinea pig gamma(2)-globulins, containing the F(ab')(2) and Fc determinants, were used to immunize rabbits, a small percentage of cells (3.7%) were stained with both the anti-F(ab')(2) and anti-Fc reagents. These results were shown to be due to the lack of absolute specificity of the detecting antigen and antibody reagents which can be obtained for use in this system. However, when immunological systems such as hapten-protein conjugates were used, and where completely specific antigen and antibody reagents could be prepared, the results were unequivocal. The individual lymph node cells from rabbits or guinea pigs immunized with hapten-protein conjugates produced antibodies against the hapten or antibodies against the antigenic determinants of the carrier molecule, never antibodies against both specificities.
Novel Chemistry and Stereochemistry of P-F Modified Oligonucleotides (1996)

Abstract Products and mechanisms of the fragmentation of ionic phosphoramidates containing the N-(2-chloroethyl) functionality are discussed.
Dielectric properties of nanostructured polypropylene-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane compounds (2008)

This paper presents the results of the dielectric measurements conducted on polymer nanocompounds consisting of polypropylene (PP) and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS). The material compounds were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Raman-atomic force microscope (Raman-AFM). Ac and lightning impulse (LI) breakdown strength of the material compounds were measured. Relative permittivity, loss factor and volume resistivity measurements were also conducted on the material samples. Two types of POSS, octamethyl and isooctyl, were used in different quantities. The thickness of the samples was approximately 600 mum. Statistical analysis was applied to the results to determine the effects of the additive type and amount on the breakdown strength of polypropylene. The paper discusses the possibilities and restrictions in order to achieve advantages in high voltage applications using polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes.
Agglutination of bladder cells by concanavalin A during the early phase of treatment of rats with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. (1979)

N-Butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine was given to male Wistar rats at a dose of 0.05% in the drinking water for one to five weeks, and agglutination of cell isolated from their bladder by concanavalin A (Con A) was determined at intervals during and after treatment. Mucosal cells were isolated from everted bladder by ethylenediaminetetraacetate treatment and sonication. As early as one week after the start of treatment, Con A caused some agglutination of isolated bladder cells, and this agglutination increased with time, reaching an almost constant value from the third week. Con A agglutination of bladder cells induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine treatment for only one week appeared to be irreversible, and it was still observed two weeks after the end of treatment. Scanning electron microscopy showed that microvilli developed on the luminal surface of mucosal cells in situ at the time when the isolated cells became agglutinable with Con A. Measurement of agglutinability of isolated bladder cells with Con A might be a useful way of detecting very early changes in bladder carcinogenesis.
Long-term Influence of Mild to Moderate Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation after Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (2010)

Background: Our objective was to review the long-term prognosis of patients with preoperative mild to moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Material and Method: We prospectively followed 1,000 consecutive and systematic off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting patients who were operated on between September 1996 and March 2004; follow-up was achieved for 97%. Sixty-seven patients (6.7%) had mild to moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation at the time of surgery. Operative mortality, actuarial survival and major adverse cardiac event free survival were compared to assess the effect of ischemic mitral regurgitation. Result: Average follow-up was 6622 months. Patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation were older (p 0.001), had lower ejection fractions (p0.001) and more comorbidities. Significantly more female patients presented with ischemic mitral regurgitation (p=0.002). There was no significant difference in operative mortality and perioperative myocardial infarction in ischemic mitral regurgitation patients (p=0.25). Eight-year survival was decreased in ischemic mitral regurgitation patients (39.611.8% vs 76.72.2%, p0.001). However, after correcting for risk factors, mild to moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation was not found to be a significant independent risk factor for long-term mortality (p=0.42). Major adverse cardiac event free survival at 8 years was significantly lower in ischemic mitral regurgitation patients (5312% vs 772%, p0.001). After correction for risk factors, ischemic mitral regurgitation remained a significant independent cause of major adverse cardiac events (HR: 2.31), especially congestive heart failure and recurrent myocardial infarction. Conclusion: In our series, patients with preoperative mild to moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation had a higher prevalence of preoperative risk factors than patients without ischemic mitral regurgitation. They had comparable perioperative mortality and morbidity, but, in the long term, were found to be at elevated risk for recurrent cardiac events.
Feasibility and Oncologic Control after Percutaneous Image Guided Ablation of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (2014)

Image guided ablation of metastatic renal cell carcinoma is a relatively safe procedure with acceptable local control rates. Ablation may offer patients a minimally invasive option of local tumor eradication and warrants a role in the multimodal treatment approach for select patients.
Textural and Sensory Characteristics of Whole and Skimmed Flavored Set-Type Yogurt During Long Storage (2004)

A study of refrigerated storage (10 degrees C for 91 d) of whole and skimmed flavored set-type yogurt was made. Comparison with storage at 20 degrees C for 21 d and 30 degrees C for 3 d (accelerated) was also carried out. Refrigerated storage yogurts were assessed by a trained panel and by a consumer panel. Trained-panel scores were correlated to instrumental data, and the acceptability data for long storage were studied using consumer criteria. In all cases, after-storage pH values barely changed over storage time, indicating that the yogurt samples did not develop much acidity under any of the storage conditions studied. The profile of the instrumental texture curves obtained corresponded to a firm gel, which broke after a plunger penetrated the sample, and the firmness values of the whole yogurt were lower than for the skimmed yogurt under all the storage conditions studied. From a microbiological point of view, the viability of the yogurts was adequate at the different storage times and temperatures studied, although those stored at 10 degrees C for long periods would not comply with some countries' minimum requirements. Logistic regression of the data from a 50-consumer sensory evaluation showed that the probability of the whole yogurt being accepted after 91 d storage at 10 degrees C was around 40%, whereas for the skimmed yogurt it was only 15%, largely because the skimmed yogurt developed certain negative attributes at an earlier stage of storage than the whole yogurt.
Nanomechanical resonant structures in nanocrystalline diamond (2002)

We report the fabrication and the operation of nanomechanical resonant structures in nanocrystalline diamond. For this purpose, continuous diamond films as thin as 80 nm were grown using microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The lateral dimensions of the fabricated structures were as small as 50 nm and the measured mechanical resonant frequencies were up to 640 MHz. The mechanical quality factors were in the range of 2500–3000 at room temperature. The elastic properties of these films obtained via the resonant measurements indicate a Young’s modulus close to that of single-crystal diamond.
Regulation of the Yeast Triacylglycerol Lipase Tgl3p by Formation of Nonpolar Lipids (2013)

Tgl3p, the major triacylglycerol lipase of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a component of lipid droplets but is also present in the endoplasmic reticulum in a minor amount. Recently, it was shown that this enzyme can also serve as a lysophospholipid acyltransferase (Rajakumari, S., and Daum, G. (2010) Mol. Biol. Cell 21, 501-510). Here, we describe the effects of the presence/absence of triacylglycerols and lipid droplets on the functionality of Tgl3p. In a dga1Δlro1Δare1Δare2Δ quadruple mutant lacking all four triacylglycerol- and steryl ester-synthesizing acyltransferases and consequently the lipid droplets, the gene expression of TGL3 was only slightly altered. In contrast, protein level and stability of Tgl3p were markedly reduced in the absence of lipid droplets. Under these conditions, the enzyme was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Even the lack of the substrate, triacylglycerol, affected stability and localization of Tgl3p to some extent. Interestingly, Tgl3p present in the endoplasmic reticulum seems to lack lipolytic as well as acyltransferase activity as shown by enzymatic analysis and lipid profiling. Thus, we propose that the activity of Tgl3p is restricted to lipid droplets, whereas the endoplasmic reticulum may serve as a parking lot for this enzyme.
Patients' Expectations of Knee Surgery (2001)

Patients have multiple expectations of knee surgery in the areas of symptom relief and improvement of physical and psychosocial function, and these expectations vary according to the diagnosis. We developed two valid and reliable surveys that can be used preoperatively to direct patient education and shared decision-making and to provide a framework for setting reasonable goals. Reexamining patients' responses postoperatively could provide a way to assess fulfillment of expectations, which is a crucial patient-derived measure of outcome and satisfaction.
Solvent extraction of cobalt from laterite-ammoniacal leach liquors (1980)

The Bureau of Mines is developing a method to recover Ni, Co, and Cu from laterites containing less than 1.2% Ni and 0.25% Co. The method consists of the following basic unit operations: (1) reduction roasting, (2) leaching, (3) solvent extraction, and (4) electrowinning. The method reflects three Bureau of Mines objectives: (1) recovery of critical minerals that are domestically in short supply from low-grade domestic laterites, (2) lower processing energy requirements, and (3) solution recycling. This report deals with the extraction of cobalt and the preparation of a suitable cobalt electrolyte by solvent extraction from liquor produced by this method. Nickel and copper are coextracted with LIX64N from an ammoniacal ammonium sulfate leach liquor containing about 1.00 g/1 Ni, 0.30 g/1 Co, 0.03 g/1 Cu, and 0.02 g/1 Zn. Cobalt (III) in the nickel-copper barren raffinate is reduced to cobalt (II) with cobalt metal. Reduction of cobalt (III) to cobalt (II) greatly aids subsequent extraction. Commercially available XI-51 extracts about 94% of the cobalt from the treated raffinate in one stage in a laboratory mixer-settler continuous circuit. Ammonia loaded on the solvent is removed in two washing steps. About 94% of the cobalt then is stripped from the XI-51 more » in one stage with spent cobalt electrolyte containing about 77 g/1 Co and 18 g/1 sulfuric acid (H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/). Electrolytes containing less H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ also may be used. Preliminary data indicate that coextracted zinc may be removed from pregnant cobalt electrolyte containing 3 g/1 or less H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ with di-(2 ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA). « less