gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of <i>Magnaporthe grisea</i> Avirulence Gene <i>ACE1</i> Is Connected to the Initiation of Appressorium-Mediated Penetration (2006)

Magnaporthe grisea is responsible for a devastating fungal disease of rice called blast. Current control of this disease relies on resistant rice cultivars that recognize M. grisea signals corresponding to specific secreted proteins encoded by avirulence genes. The M. grisea ACE1 avirulence gene differs from others, since it controls the biosynthesis of a secondary metabolite likely recognized by rice cultivars carrying the Pi33 resistance gene. Using a transcriptional fusion between ACE1 promoter and eGFP, we showed that ACE1 is only expressed in appressoria during fungal penetration into rice and barley leaves, onion skin, and cellophane membranes. ACE1 is almost not expressed in appressoria differentiated on Teflon and Mylar artificial membranes. ACE1 expression is not induced by cellophane and plant cell wall components, demonstrating that it does not require typical host plant compounds. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling mutants delta cpkA and delta mac1 sum1-99 and tetraspanin mutant delta pls1::hph differentiate melanized appressoria with normal turgor but are unable to penetrate host plant leaves. ACE1 is normally expressed in these mutants, suggesting that it does not require cAMP signaling or a successful penetration event. ACE1 is not expressed in appressoria of the buf1::hph mutant defective for melanin biosynthesis and appressorial turgor. The addition of hyperosmotic solutes to buf1::hph appressoria restores appressorial development and ACE1 expression. Treatments of young wild-type appressoria with actin and tubulin inhibitors reduce both fungal penetration and ACE1 expression. These experiments suggest that ACE1 appressorium-specific expression does not depend on host plant signals but is connected to the onset of appressorium-mediated penetration.
Organocatalytic <i>anti</i>‐Selective Mannich Reactions with Fluorinated Aldimines: Synthesis of <i>anti</i>‐γ‐Fluoroalkyl‐γ‐amino Alcohols (2009)

Abstract The asymmetric Mannich reaction between fluoroalkyl aldimines and aldehydes catalyzed by α,α‐diphenylprolinol trimethylsilyl ether is reported. The corresponding Mannich adducts were reduced in situ to afford anti ‐β‐alkyl‐γ‐fluoroalkyl‐γ‐amino alcohols in moderate yields and with very high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Specific reactivity of human monoclonal antibody AE6F4 against cancer cells in tissues and sputa from lung cancer patients. (1994)

In vitro immunization of normal human peripheral lymphocytes by the co-cultivation with A549 cells (a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line), followed by the hybridization with the partner cell line A4H12, resulted in the efficient generation of hybridomas which produce human monoclonal antibodies of IgG or IgM isotype. Immunohistochemical and immunocytological studies showed that one of those monoclonal antibodies, termed AE6F4, was specifically reactive to lung cancer tissues as well as cancer cells in sputa.
Quantifying Aortic Regurgitation by Using the Color Doppler–Imaged Vena Contracta (1997)

Our study indicates that the CDVC method can be used to quantify both aortic EROAs and regurgitant flow rates.
Film for HDTV (1991)

The main stream film production for theatrical release and TV commercials concentrates on four perforation 35 mm and TV productions use both this format and 16 mm, with Super 16 mm recently entering the field of play. The size of images and their attendant resolutions, film density range and density discrimination, and the benefits of originating on film for both todays and future TV production are examined.
Stylus user interfaces for manipulating text (1991)

Abstract This paper is concerned with pen-based (also called stylus-based) computers. Two of the key questions for such computers are how to interface to handwriting recognition algorithms, and whether there are interfaces that can effectively exploit the differences between a stylus and a keyboard/mouse. We describe prototypes that explore each of these questions. Our text entry tool is designed around the idea that handwriting recognition algorithms will always be error prone, and has a different flavor from existing systems. Our prototype editor goes beyond the usual gesture editors used with styli and is based on the idea of leaving the markups visible.
The Impact of Thermal Boundary Resistance in Phase-Change Memory Devices (2008)

Thermal conduction governs the writing time and energy of phase-change memory (PCM) devices. Recent measurements demonstrated large thermal resistances at the interfaces of phase-change materials with neighboring electrode and passivation materials. In this letter, electrothermal simulations quantify the impact of these resistances on the set to reset transition. The programming current decreases strongly with increasing boundary resistance due to increased lateral temperature uniformity, which cannot be captured using a reduced effective conductivity in the phase-change material. Reductions in programming current from 20% to 30% occur for an interface resistance of 50 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> middotK/GW. The precise spatial distribution of thermal properties is critical for the simulation of PCM devices.
The cellular basis of movement of the migrating grex of the slime mould<i>Dictyostelium discoideum:</i>chemotactic and reaggregation behaviour of grex cells (1974)

ABSTRACT The chemotactic behaviour of cells of the migrating grex of D. discoideum has been studied by observing the responses of small groups of cells placed near to aggregation streams, agar blocks containing cyclic AMP or migrating grexes. Grex cells placed near aggregation streams were not attracted to the streams initially; after about I h, however, some cells were attracted to the streams. Similarly, grex cells placed near agar blocks containing cyclic AMP were not initially attracted towards the blocks, but some attraction was observed after about 1 h; the most effective cyclic AMP concentration was 10_4 M. Grex cells which were placed in heaps against the sides of aggregation streams, instead of a short distance away, were often incorporated into the streams within . Grex cells were not attracted towards migrating grexes. Because of these results it is suggested that (1) migrating grex cells are not chemotactically sensitive to cyclic AMP, but they acquire chemotactic sensitivity after separation from the grex for about 1 h ; (2) chemotaxis is probably not involved in the movement of the migrating grex; (3) grex cells retain the adhesive property found in aggregating cells, which is involved in the formation of end-to-end contacts necessary for the behaviour known as contact following. Reaggregation of dispersed grex cells was studied by time-lapse photography. Reaggregation was found to be a two-stage process: first, an adhesive phase dependent on the development of intercellular contacts at the expense of adhesions with the substratum; secondly, a chemotactic phase which begins about 1 h after dispersal of the grex cells. It is suggested that the first phase may be accounted for by assuming that the cells are more cohesive than adhesive.
Covariance Group for Null Geodesic Expansion Calculations, and its Application to the Apparent Horizon (2021)

We show that the recipe for computing the expansions $\theta_\ell$ and $\theta_n$ of outgoing and ingoing null geodesics normal to a surface admits a covariance group with nonconstant scalar $\kappa(x)$, corresponding to the mapping $\theta_\ell \to \kappa \theta_\ell$, $\theta_n \to \kappa^{-1} \theta_n$. Under this mapping, the product $\theta_\ell \theta_n$ is invariant, and thus the marginal surface computed from the vanishing of $\theta_\ell$, which is used to define the apparent horizon, is invariant. This covariance group naturally appears in comparing the expansions computed with different choices of coordinate system.
Route of Immunization with Peptide-pulsed Dendritic Cells Controls the Distribution of Memory and Effector T Cells in Lymphoid Tissues and Determines the Pattern of Regional Tumor Control (2003)

We have established that the route of immunization with peptide-pulsed, activated DC leads to memory CD8+ T cells with distinct distributions in lymphoid tissues, which determines the ability to control tumors growing in different body sites. Both intravenous (i.v.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) immunization induced memory T cells in spleen and control of metastatic-like lung tumors. s.c. immunization also induced memory T cells in lymph nodes (LNs), imparting protection against subcutaneously growing tumors. In contrast, i.v. immunization-induced memory was restricted to spleen and failed to impart protective immunity against subcutaneously growing tumors. Memory cell distribution and tumor control were both linked to injection route-dependent localization of DCs in lymphoid compartments. Using peripheral LN-ablated mice, these LNs were shown to be essential for control of subcutaneously growing tumors but not lung metastases; in contrast, using immunized asplenic mice, we found that the spleen is necessary and sufficient for control of lung tumors, but unnecessary for control of subcutaneously growing tumors. These data demonstrate the existence of a previously undescribed population of splenic-resident memory CD8 T cells that are essential for the control of lung metastases. Thus, regional immunity based on memory T cell residence patterns is an important factor in DC-based tumor immunotherapy.
A robust anti-windup design procedure for SISO systems (2011)

A model-based anti-windup (AW) controller design approach for constrained uncertain linear single-input–single-output (SISO) systems is proposed based on quantitative feedback theory (QFT) loopshaping. The design approach explicitly incorporates uncertainty, is suitable for the solution of both the magnitude and rate saturation problems, and provides for the design of low-order AW controllers satisfying robust stability and robust performance objectives. Robust stability is enforced using absolute stability theory and generic multipliers (i.e. circle, Popov, Zames–Falb), and robust performance is enforced using linear lower-bounds on the input–output maps capturing the effects of saturation as a metric. Two detailed design examples are presented. These show that even for simple systems, certain popular AW techniques lead to compensators that may fail to ensure robust stability and performance when saturation is encountered, but that the proposed QFT design approach is able to handle both saturation and uncertainty effectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(0)—Cu(I) Cocatalyzed Coupling of Methylphenylphosphine—Borane with Aryl Halides and Aryl Nonaflates. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Manipulating the reaction path of the CO<sub>2</sub>hydrogenation reaction in molecular sieves (2015)

We demonstrate that the kinetics of the Sabatier reaction catalysed by sorption catalysts depends on the nanostructure of the catalyst–sorbent system, and in particular on the shape selectivity of the zeolite sorbent.
Early Termination Algorithm of Merge Mode Search for Fast High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Encoder (2013)

본 논문에서는 High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) 부호화 속도 향상을 위하여 주변 CU들의 정보를 활용한 고속 병합모드 결정 방법을 제안한다. 표준화가 완료된 HEVC에서는 병합 후보 리스트(Merge Candidate List)에서 생성되는 동일한 후보 모드를 가진다. <TEX>$2N{\times}2N$</TEX>에 대하여 병합 모드와 병합 SKIP 모드(Merge SKIP mode)가 후보들을 공유하며 모드 검색을 수행한다. 이러한 병합과정은 후보 모드만큼 수행 후 병합 SKIP 모드 또한 필요에 따라 후보만큼 수행하는 검색과정은 반복 연산으로 복잡도를 가중시키고 있다. 이러한 부호화 복잡도를 감소시키기 위하여 제안된 방법에서는 이미 부호화된 시공간적 주변 블록들 및 상위 부호화 깊이 블록의 병합 (Merge) 정보를 활용하여 현재 부호화 블록의 모드를 조기에 결정한다. 주변 블록 정보가 모두 병합 SKIP 모드일 경우 조기에 병합 SKIP 모드만을 검색하도록 하고, 그렇지 않은 경우에는 기존의 병합 과정을 수행하도록 설계하였다. 실험을 통해 제안한 방법이 기존의 HEVC의 부호화 시간보다 21.25%가 감소시킬 수 있으며, 화질 열화는 매우 적음을 보인다. In this paper, an early termination algorithm for merge process is proposed to reduce the computational complexity in High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) encoder. In the HEVC, the same candidate modes from merge candidate list (MCL) are shared to predict a merge or merge SKIP mode. This search process is performed by the number of the obtained candidates for the both of the merge and SKIP modes. This may cause some redundant search operations. To reduce this redundant search operation, we employ the neighboring blocks which have been encoded in prior, to check on the contextual information. In this study, the spatial, temporal and depth neighboring blocks have been considered to compute a correlation information. With this correlation information, an early termination algorithm for merge process is suggested. When all modes of neighboring blocks are SKIP modes, then the merge process performs only SKIP mode. Otherwise, usual merge process of HEVC is performed Through experimental results, the proposed method achieves a time-saving factor of about 21.25% on average with small loss of BD-rate, when comparing to the original HM 10.0 encoder.
Ischemic Preconditioning and Left Ventricular Dysfunction: A Novel Mechanism & Model for Pulseless Electrical Activity (2018)

Abstract Background Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) is a very common rhythm in cardiac arrest and survival is ≈ 5%. Population data suggest coronary ischemia significantly contributes to PEA, but the mechanism is unknown. Objectives We hypothesize ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in the setting of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction can convert ischemia-induced ventricular fibrillation (VF) into ischemia-induced PEA. Methods Using percutaneous coronary interventions in anesthetized swine, we studied the effect of IPC prior to ischemia on arrhythmic burden in normal animals and in animals with LV dysfunction. IPC protocol: four cycles of three minutes of coronary occlusion followed by seven minutes of reperfusion. Chronic LV dysfunction protocol: two serial infarcts in two coronary territories, separated by one week of recovery. Results In normal animals, IPC prior to ischemia significantly reduced VF incidence (2/8 IPC vs. 7/8 control). In IPC animals with VF, the time to VF was significantly delayed (37.2 ± 7.3 min vs. 20.7 ± 4.9 min, p<0.005). In chronic LV dysfunction animals (EF 15% ± 5%), ischemia caused PEA in all animals (18/18). In non-preconditioned animals, VF followed PEA in all cases (12/12). In preconditioned animals, PEA sustained without VF in 2/6 animals. In 4/6 animals, PEA was prolonged and time to VF was significantly delayed compared to non-preconditioned animals (33.7 ± 7.8 min vs. 12.2 ± 5.0 min, p<0.0001). Conclusion IPC delays/prevents VF. IPC with LV dysfunction prior to ischemia produces prolonged PEA. IPC with LV dysfunction prior to ischemia is likely an important mechanism for human PEA arrest. This is the first animal model of ischemic pulseless electrical activity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of N‐Alkyl‐(E)‐1‐alkenesulfonamides. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
THE LIME COLUMN METHOD. FOLLOW-UP OBSERVATIONS IN THE TOWN BLOCK "MYREN", HUDDINGE (1980)

This report describes a new method, the lime column method, and new mechanical equipment to improve the strength properties of clays at great depths. Vertical columns are made in the ground with unslaked lime using a rotary tool. This method can be used to reduce total and differential settlements, for instance in conjunction with the construction of road embankments or the foundations for light structures. Lime columns may also be used as drains, as lateral support and bottom reinforcement in trenches and other open excavations, and to prevent sliding of slopes.
Topological hole detection in wireless sensor networks and its applications (2005)

The identification of holes in a wireless sensor network is of primary interest since the breakdown of sensor nodes in a larger area often indicates one of the special events to be monitored by the network in the first place (e.g. outbreak of a fire, destruction by an earthquakes etc.). This task of identifying holes is especially challenging since typical wireless sensor networks consist of lightweight, low-capability nodes that are unaware of their geographic location.But there is also a secondary interest in detecting holes in a network: recently routing schemes have been proposed that do not assume knowledge of the geographic location of the network nodes but rather perform routing decisions based on the topology of the communication graph. Holes are salient features of the topology of a communication graph.In the first part of this paper we propose a simple distributed procedure to identify nodes near the boundary of the sensor field as well as near hole boundaries. Our hole detection algorithm is based purely on the topology of the communication graph, i.e. the only information available is which nodes can communicate with each other. In the second part of this paper we illustrate the secondary interest of our hole detection procedure using several examples.
Recombinant intracellular Rhodospirillum rubrum L-asparaginase with low L-glutaminase activity and antiproliferative effect (2012)

The recombinant producer of Rhodospirillum rubrum L-asparaginase (RrA) was received and purification procedure of RrA was developed. It was shown that RrA has following biochemical and catalytic characteristics: K(m) for L-asn 0.22 MM, pH optimum 9.2; temperature optimum 54 degrees C; pI = 5.1 +/- 0.3; L-gln activity seems to be low-to-negligible. K562, DU145 and MDA-MB-231 cellular lines displayed significant sensitivity towards the enzyme (IC50 = 1.80; 9.19 and 34.62 ME/ml, respectively. In comparison with L-asparaginases from E. coli II type (EcA) and Erwinia carotovora (EwA) cytotoxicity of RrA seems to be higher than EwA, but lower than EcA. 10-fold i.p. RrA administration (4000 ME/kg per day) in L5178y bearing mice showed T/C = 172%. The received results show that RrA belongs to I type cellular L-asparaginases with low L-gln activity and the high antiproliferative effect.
Cilia and Diseases (2014)

In recent decades, cilia have moved from relative obscurity to a position of importance for understanding multiple complex human diseases. Now termed the ciliopathies, these diseases inflict devastating effects on millions of people worldwide. In this review, written primarily for teachers and students who may not yet be aware of the recent exciting developments in this field, we provide a general overview of our current understanding of cilia and human disease. We start with an introduction to cilia structure and assembly and indicate where they are found in the human body. We then discuss the clinical features of selected ciliopathies, with an emphasis on primary ciliary dyskinesia, polycystic kidney disease, and retinal degeneration. The history of ciliopathy research involves a fascinating interplay between basic and clinical sciences, highlighted in a timeline. Finally, we summarize the relative strengths of individual model organisms for ciliopathy research; many of these are suitable for classroom use.
Para photoaddition of N-methyltriazolinedione to benzene. Synthesis of energy-rich azo compounds comprising benzene + nitrogen (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPara photoaddition of N-methyltriazolinedione to benzene. Synthesis of energy-rich azo compounds comprising benzene + nitrogenSteven J. Hamrock and Robert S. SheridanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 26, 9247–9249Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00208a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00208a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1480Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tailor-made functional surfaces: potential elastomeric biomaterials I (2003)

In the present investigation, different functional monomers, like hydroxyethyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and glycidyl methacrylate, have been grafted onto the surface of EPDM film (approx. 200 microm) using simultaneous photo-grafting (lambda > or = 290 nm) and cold plasma-grafting techniques, to alter the surface properties, such as hydrophilicity and, therefore, biocompatibility. Here, we have carried out simultaneous plasma-grafting, unlike the conventional post plasma-grafting. The effect of different surface grafting techniques on the degree of surface modification and resultant biocompatibility has been investigated. The chemical changes on the polymer backbone are followed from the results of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which shows the peaks corresponding to the functional groups of the monomers grafted onto the film surface. The morphology of the modified surfaces was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. The induced hydrophilicity and resultant cell compatibility were followed from the water contact angle measurements and in vitro human carcinoma cell adhesion/proliferation tests, respectively. All the grafted samples exhibited variable cell compatibilities depending upon the type of monomer and their degree of grafting; however, always better than the neat samples. Hydroxyethyl methacrylate and acrylic acid showed exceptionally high cell compatibility in terms of cell adhesion and proliferation.
Synthetic, Biologically Active Amphiphilic Peptides (2007)

Amphiphilic peptides typically consist of a peptide portion that may be 5-25 (or more) amino acids in length. The hydrophobic portion may be a single fatty acid residue, but can also be more elaborate. The main focus of this article lies on the family of synthetic anion binders (SATs) of the general structure (R(1))(2)N-COCH(2)OCH(2)CO-(Aaa)(n)-OR(3). The most-common R(1) group is the octadecyl (C(18)H(37)) group. The most studied peptide sequence in this family is (Gly)(3)-Pro-(Gly)(3), although different sequences (and longer and shorter peptides) have been prepared as well. The C-terminal ester residue providing the most effective anion release from liposomes is heptyl (C(7)H(15)), although many others have been examined. The compound (C(18)H(37))(2)N-COCH(2)OCH(2)CO-(Gly)(3)-Pro-(Gly)(3)-OBn (Bn=benzyl) was found to mediate Cl(-) transport in mouse epithelial cells.