gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 32-Gigahertz Coupled-Cavity Maser Design (2000)

this article, are in inches, with the metric equivalents given in parentheses. Waveguide designations (like WR-28) are identified based on dimensions in inches, and the commercial firm fabricating the parts work from drawings where all dimensions are given in inches. One inch equals 25.4 millimeters. The gain of each cavity will be reduced to 13 dB or less by adjusting the slope or taper of the magnetic field across the ruby. Excellent gain stability is expected at modest gain levels of 13 dB or less. The instantaneous bandwidth of the amplified response increases as the gain of the cavity is reduced. A 300-MHz or greater instantaneous bandwidth can be achieved if the gain of each cavity is reduced to 5 or 6 dB. Five or six cavities in series should give a 30-dB net gain with a bandwidth of at least 300 MHz
High-resolution ultrasound imaging for jawbone surface (2011)

Although medical specialties have recognized the importance of using ultrasonic imaging, dentistry is only beginning to discover its benefit. This has particularly been important in the field of periodontics, which studies infections in the gum and bone tissues that surround the teeth. This study investigates the feasibility of using a custom-designed high-frequency ultrasound imaging system to reconstruct high-resolution (<;50 μm) 3D surface images of periodontal defects in human jawbone. The system employs single-element focused ultrasound transducers with center frequencies ranging from 30 to 60 MHz. Continuous acquisition using a 1 GHz data acquisition card is synchronized with a high precision two-dimensional positioning system of ±1 μm resolution for acquiring accurate measurements of the mandible, in vitro. Signal and image processing algorithms are applied to render 3D surface images of the jawbone. In vitro experiments were performed to assess the system performance using mandibles with teeth (dentate) or without (non-dentate). The system was able to reconstruct 3D images for the mandible's outer surface with superior spatial resolution down to 24 μm, and to perform the whole scanning in less than 30 s. All anatomical landmarks were detected and fully described as 3D images using this novel ultrasound imaging technique, whereas the 2D X-ray radiographic images suffered from poor contrast.
O1‐01‐03: Relationship between regional amyloid levels and cognitive performance in healthy controls, MCI subjects, and patients with alzheimer's: Phase II results from a florpiramine F18 PET imaging study (2009)

The relationship between amyloid load and cognitive function remains unclear. In vivo imaging of amyloid in individuals representing a spectrum of cognitive impairment should help define this relationship. Florpiramine F 18 (18F-AV-45) is a PET amyloid ligand currently under investigation with the potential to evaluate this link. 79 cognitively healthy controls (HC: MMSE ≥ 29) 50-95 years old, 60 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI: CDR 0.5, MMSE > 24), and 45 Alzheimer's disease patients (AD: MMSE≤24) underwent a cognitive battery. A 10 min PET image was obtained 50 min following injection of 370 MBq (10 mCi) florpiramine F 18. Images were evaluated qualitatively by a reader blind to the patient's diagnostic classification. A semiautomated algorithm also calculated the average ratio of tracer uptake (SUVR) in cortex relative to the cerebellum. There was a significant overall relationship between cognitive performance and tracer uptake. Amyloid binding was significantly higher and cognitive performance was significantly worse in AD than HC. The MCI group was intermediate between AD and HC. The proportion of subjects with elevated (AD-like) tracer uptake increased with age in HC but not AD or MCI. Memory performance (Wechsler immediate and delayed recall scores) was worse for HC subjects with elevated tracer uptake than for subjects with normal tracer uptake. A similar trend was seen for immediate, but not delayed, recall for AD patients, possibly because of a floor effect on delayed recall. All but two MCI had mild memory impairments (CDR memory score 0.5), and mean memory performance (Wechsler) was lower for MCI than for HC. There was only a nonsignificant trend toward decreased Wechsler memory scores for MCI subjects with AD-like tracer uptake vs. MCI subjects with normal tracer uptake. Elevated amyloid levels were associated with decreased memory performance in HC and to a lesser extent in AD patients. The absence of a significant relationship between tracer uptake and memory in MCI subjects is consistent with the fact that these subjects have memory impairments of varying etiologies (amyloid positive vs amyloid negative impairments). Results from other components of the cognitive test battery, currently under analysis, may help distinguish subtypes/etiology of MCI impairment.
Both fis-dependent and factor-independent upstream activation of the rrnB P1 promoter are face of the helix dependent (1992)

Transcription from the Escherichia coli rrnB P1 promoter is increased by a cis-acting sequence which extends upstream of the -35 hexamer to about -150 with respect to the transcription initiation site, the Upstream Activation Region (UAR). Activation by the UAR involves two components: (1) a trans-acting protein, Fis, which binds to three sites in the UAR between -60 and -150, and (2) the UAR sequences themselves which affect RNA polymerase (RNAP) activity independent of other proteins. We refer to the latter as Factor-Independent Activation (FIA). In addition to its interactions with the -10 and -35 hexamers typical of E. coli promoters, RNAP makes contacts to the -53 region of rrnB P1, which may be related to the FIA effect. We constructed a series of insertion mutants containing integral and non-integral numbers of helical turns at position -46, between the Fis binding sites and the -35 region, and the resulting promoter activities were measured in vitro and in vivo. The data suggest that both Fis-dependent and factor-independent activation are face of the helix dependent: the Fis binding site and the sequences responsible for factor-independent activation must be correctly oriented relative to RNA polymerase in order to activate transcription. These results, in conjunction with other evidence, support a model for the involvement of direct Fis-RNAP interactions in upstream activation. We also demonstrate that RNAP interacts with the -53 region of the rrnB P1 UAR even when these sequences are displaced upstream of the RNAP binding site, and that these interactions correlate with factor-independent activation.
Preparation of Substituted N-Methacryloxy Phthalimides for E-Beam Lithography (2008)

Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a very good option for electron-beam resists, but suffers from poor radiation sensitivity and poor plasma etch resistance. These problems can be offset, at least in part, by functionalizing the PMMA with photo-labile, plasma etch-resistance groups. Toward this end, a series of N-methacryloxy phthalimides with different substitutuents (methyl, nitro, tetrahydrogen and dichloro) were synthesized as possible useful radiation-sensitive resists. The work discussed here focuses on the cycloimido group, which can be easily attached to methacrylic acid to form a radiation-sensitive resist material for use in electron beam lithography. The labile N–O bond of the cycloimido group, upon exposure to radiation, cleaves and forms a radical on the main chain of the polymer, which leads to polymer degradation. Cursory evaluations showed that these new materials are deserving of further study.
Magnetostress Effects in Evaporated Ni Films (1967)

The residual stress in 1000-Å-evaporated Ni films has been measured as a function of substrate temperature Ts. For Ts &lt; 100°C, the stress is tensile and decreases with increasing Ts; at about 100°C, the tensile stress changes to compressive stress. As Ts increases beyond 100°C, the stress becomes increasingly compressive. A maximum in the compressive stress is observed at about 150°C, and then the stress decreases. Planar hysteresis loops obtained from a vibrating sample magnetometer show severely sheared loops for specimens under tensile stress; for specimens in compression the hysteresis loops are almost square. It has also been observed that the saturation magnetic moment of the films depends on the vacuum during deposition. Films deposited at a pressure of 10−7 Torr have larger moments than those prepared at 10−5−10−6 Torr. Although the magnetic moment depends on the degree of vacuum, the stress does not. Magnetic resonance and torque measurements show that the resonance field for the uniform mode, and the perpendicular anisotropy constant, can be directly correlated with the stress in these films. Recent reports of the anomalous behavior of the perpendicular anisotropy constant of Ni films with Ts are, therefore, actually due to the variation of the stress with substrate temperature.
Carousel Trackers with 1-Sun or 3-Sun Modules for Commercial Building Rooftops (2008)

The goal is lower cost solar electricity. Herein, two evolutional steps are described toward achieving this goal. The first step is to follow the sun with a solar tracker. Herein, a carousel tracker is described for mounting on commercial building flat rooftops in order to produce more kWh per kW relative to fixed PV modules. The second evolutionary improvement is to produce lower cost 3-sun CPV modules where two thirds of the expensive single crystal silicon material is replaced by less expensive mirror material. This paper describes the performance and durability of two prototype installations demonstrating these evolutionary innovations. In the first case, the installation and operation of 2 carousels equipped with traditional flat plate modules is described. In the second case, the operation of a carousel equipped with new 3-sun CPV modules is described. Both systems have been operating as expected for several months through the winter of 2007.
Nitrophenol hydrogenation using Pd immobilized on ionic liquid-alginate spherical resins (2012)

International audience
Degradation of Polystyrene Caused by Dynamic Fatigue (1969)

Degradation of polystyrene caused by dynamic fatigue combined with irradiation of ultraviolet rays is here under reported.The fatigue behavior during the fatigue test, i. e. the dynamic deflection and temperature rises of the specimens, were also observed with the method as was reported in the previous paper.3) The degradation was determined by infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and solution viscosity. The fatigue testing machine used here was the modified one of ASTM D-671-63T method B. The specimens were made of G. P. grade polystyrene by injection for the ASTM type. The condition of the sample prepapation are as follows: original, irradiation only of ultraviolet rays (48, 167hrs), fatigue only (48, 167hrs), irradiation (48, 167hrs) followed by fatigue (48, 167hrs) and irradiating fatigue (48, 167hrs), their alternating loads being 2.5kg for 48hrs and 1.6kg for 167hrs.The results of the experiment show that for G. P. polystyrene, the degradation caused by the dynamic fatigue and the irradiation of ultraviolet rays are not remarkable, though photo-oxidation is observed in the case of polystyrene film, and so the photo-degradation may be limited to the specimen surface. As to the fatigue behavior of polystyrene, the dynamic deflection change was small and this phenomenon agrees with the small degradation observed in the present experiment.
Thermo-mechanical behaviour of energy piles (2012)

Energy piles are an effective and economic means of using geothermal energy resources for heating and cooling buildings, contributing to legislative requirements for renewable energy in new construction. While such piles have been used for around 25 years with no apparent detrimental effect, there is limited understanding of their thermo-mechanical behaviour. This paper synthesises the results from three published field studies and illustrates some of the engineering behaviour of such piles during heating and cooling. Simplified load transfer mechanisms for a single pile subjected to pure thermal loadings (i.e. without mechanical load) and combined thermo-mechanical loadings have been developed and are used to interpret the field data with regard to change in axial stress and shaft friction during heating and cooling. The effect of end restraint and ground conditions on the thermo-mechanical response of energy piles is discussed. Values of change in axial stress and mobilised shaft friction due to thermal effects that may be useful in the design of energy piles are presented.
Molecular asymmetry of an N-alkylporphyrin with enantiotopic faces. Resolution and spectroscopic characterizations of optical antipodes of N-methyletioporphyrin I (1988)

H. Kubo, T. Aida, S. Inoue and Y. Okamoto, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1988, 1015 DOI: 10.1039/C39880001015
Incorporation of the capillary hysteresis model HYSTR into the numerical code TOUGH (1991)

As part of the work performed to model flow in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain Nevada, a capillary hysteresis model has been developed. The computer program HYSTR has been developed to compute the hysteretic capillary pressure -- liquid saturation relationship through interpolation of tabulated data. The code can be easily incorporated into any numerical unsaturated flow simulator. A complete description of HYSTR, including a brief summary of the previous hysteresis literature, detailed description of the program, and instructions for its incorporation into a numerical simulator are given in the HYSTR user`s manual (Niemi and Bodvarsson, 1991a). This report describes the incorporation of HYSTR into the numerical code TOUGH (Transport of Unsaturated Groundwater and Heat; Pruess, 1986). The changes made and procedures for the use of TOUGH for hysteresis modeling are documented.
A TASK TYPE FOR MEASURING THE REPRESENTATIONAL COMPONENT OF QUANTITATIVE PROFICIENCY (1995)

ABSTRACT Two computer‐based categorization tasks were developed and pilot tested. For Study I, the task asked examinees to sort mathematical word problem stems according to prototypes. Results showed that those who sorted well tended to have higher GRE General Test scores and college grades than did examinees who sorted less proficiently. Examinees generally preferred this task to multiple‐choice items like those found on General Test quantitative section and felt the task was a fairer measure of their ability to succeed in graduate school. For study II, the task involved rating the similarity of item pairs. Both mathematics test developers and students participated, with the results analyzed by individual differences multidimensional scaling. Experts produced more scaleable ratings overall and primarily attended to two dimensions. Students used the same two dimensions with the addition of a third. Students who rated like the experts in terms of the dimensions used tended to have higher admissions test scores than those who used other criteria. Finally, examinees preferred multiple‐choice questions to the rating task and felt that the former was a fairer indicator of their scholastic abilities. The major implication of this work is in identifying a new task type for admissions tests, as well as for instructional assessment products that might help lower scoring examinees localize and remediate problem‐solving difficulties.
Gastroesophageal reflux triggers proliferative activity of the submucosal glands in the canine esophagus (1998)

The effect of experimental gastroesophageal reflux on mitotic activity in the squamous epithelium, as well as in the submucosal glands, of the esophagus was investigated in dogs. The lower esophageal sphincter was destroyed in four dogs using a Wendel cardioplasty, a simple esophagotomy was carried out in four other animals, and four unoperated dogs were taken as controls. Two weeks later, mucosal samples from the esophagus were taken after in vivo labeling of the animals with bromodeoxyuridine. In all mucosal samples the proliferative parameters were estimated in the squamous epithelium, in the submucosal glands and in their excretory ducts. After the cardioplasty, the proliferative parameters were increased (P < 0.05) not only in the esophageal epithelium but also in the submucosal glands and in their excretory ducts (P < 0.05). The amplitude of the proliferative response was more than ten times larger in the latter than that in the surface epithelium. Gastroesophageal reflux is a potent proliferative stimulant to the esophageal squamous epithelium, but also to the cells of the submucosal esophageal glands and their excretory ducts.
Vibrational Relaxation in High-Density Methane (1963)

Ultrasonic absorption measurements were made in high-density methane over a range of densities from 400 to 560 amagats at —25°C and from —30° to 30°C at 400 amagats. The absorption may be accounted for by a single relaxation time and specific heat including at least the two lowest modes. Application of the modified cell model of Madigosky and Litovitz correctly predicts the density dependence and gives a collision diameter of 3.45 Å. The temperature dependence of the transition probability per collision agrees with that found by Eucken and Aybar and is compared with the Schwartz, Slawsky, Herzfeld theory. All results are interpreted as supporting the concept that only binary collisions were responsible for the energy-transfer process.
Molecular shape analysis based upon the morse-smale complex and the connolly function (2003)

Docking is the process by which two or several molecules form a complex. Docking involves the geometry of the molecular surfaces, as well as chemical and energetical considerations. In the mid-eighties, Connolly proposed a docking algorithm matching surface knobs with surface depressions. Knobs and depressions refer to the extrema of the Connolly function, which is defined as follows. Given a surface M bounding a three-dimensional domain X, and a sphere S centered at a point p of M, the Connolly function is equal to the solid angle of the portion of S containing within X.We recast the notions of knobs and depressions in the framework of Morse theory for functions defined over two-dimensional manifolds. First, we study the critical points of the Connolly function for smooth surfaces. Second, we provide an efficient algorithm for computing the Connolly function over a triangulated surface. Third, we introduce a Morse-Smale decomposition based on Forman's discrete Morse theory, and provide an O(n log n) algorithm to construct it. This decomposition induces a partition of the surface into regions of homogeneous flow, and provides an elegant way to relate local quantities to global ones--from critical points to Euler's characteristic of the surface. Fourth, we apply this Morse-Smale decomposition to the discrete gradient vector field induced by Connolly's function, and present experimental results for several mesh models.
Ejection from an aircraft following photorefractive keratectomy: a case report. (2000)

A 32-yr-old active duty United States Navy Lieutenant Naval Flight Officer (NFO), 6 mo status post photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in both eyes performed as part of the first protocol to evaluate laser refractive surgery in aviators, ejected from a Navy S-3B Viking aircraft while performing field carrier landing practice. Neither the pilot nor the NFO suffered physical consequences as a result of the ejection. Coincidentally, the NFO had been examined just 1 wk before the mishap and was noted to have uncorrected visual acuity of 20/16 in each eye. Examination 1 wk following the mishap could not detect a change in vision. The NFO's vision status and his post-PRK status was not listed as a causal factor in the mishap. While this case report will not settle the debate regarding the appropriateness of refractive surgery in aviators, it does provide anecdotal evidence to support the safety of PRK in the aviation community.
Synthesis of RNA by mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana serotype) and the ability of wild-type VSV New Jersey to complement the VSV Indiana ts G I-114 transcription defect (1976)

The ability of certain vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV; Indiana serotype) temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants to synthesize intracellular viral complementary RNA (vcRNA) at permissive or nonpermissive temperatures for productive infections has been investigated. Mutants belonging to complementation groups II, III, and V synthesize RNA at nonpermissive temperature in amounts essentially equivalent to that obtained at permissive temperatures. Mutant ts G I-114 possesses a thermolabile transcriptase and does not synthesize vcRNA at 40 degrees C; however, mutants ts O I-5, O I-53, O I-78, and O I-80 possess thermostabile transcriptases that are capable of some vcRNA synthesis at 40 degrees C. All five group I mutants are defective in their secondary transcription ability at 40 degrees C. Wild-type VSV New Jersey virus is able to complement the transcription defect of ts G I-114 at 40 degrees C. This complementation is inhibited by puromycin, suggesting that a viral gene product of VSV New Jersey (e.g., its transcriptase or a transcriptase component) is involved. Mokola virus is not able to complement the ts G I-114 defect, although Mokola does synthesize vcRNA in infected cells (in the presence or absence of cycloheximide).
YYPKS: A Simple Public Key Stegosystem (2007)

We present YYPKS, an experimental public key stegosystem (PKS) that we designed and implemented. YYPKS satisfies the basic properties of a public key cryptosystem. However, the ciphertexts that are output have the property of being uniformly pseudorandom bytes. We do not provide a formal proof of security for YYPKCS, although we apply sound paradigms such as the probabilistic bias removal method (PBRM) to achieve pseudorandomness. Our goal was to develop a simple and practical PKS with security that can be argued on heuristic grounds. The experimental implementation yypkcs.exe is a command-line program that uses standard X.509 digital certificates and PKCS #12 files for RSA encryption and decryption, respectively. We hope that this fundamental research in cryptology will encourage further research and experimentation in the area of public key steganography.
Retailoring for Fast, On-the-Fly Trace Generation for NoC Design Space Exploitation (2014)

As the number of cores on a chip increases continuously, network-on-chip (NoC) becomes a critical component in SoC. To exploit the design space of NoC, trace-driven simulation is often used. However, preparing traces of different numbers of cores for design space exploitation can be time-consuming and require huge storage. In this paper, we propose trace retailoring for fast and on-the-fly trace generation. The idea is to transform a seed trace for a certain number of cores to new traces for different number of cores. This is done by representing traces using a concise structure called attack board. Trace retailoring then becomes that of manipulating attack board, which can be used in turn to generate traces on-the-fly during simulations. Our evaluations show that the retail red traces can produce performance results close to real traces, and thus can be used for design space explorations.