gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Class of Heptose‐Defective Mutant of <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> (1973)

Salmonella typhimurium rfa ‐657 strains, including both mutants and transductants, were shown to contain in their lipopolysaccharides both the (usual) l and the d ‐isomer of glycero ‐ d ‐ manno ‐heptose. By the application, in sequence, of two different extraction procedures S and R form lipopolysaccharides could be isolated separately from a representative rfa ‐657 strain. The R lipopolysaccharide was predominantly of the Re chemotype, only a few 2‐keto‐3‐deoxyoctonate (KDO) residues being substituted by heptose (Rd 2 chemotype) or by longer core chains. The d ‐heptose was enriched in the R lipopolysaccharide, while the S lipopolysaccharide contained mainly the natural l ‐isomer. It was found that d ‐heptose can replace l ‐heptoses I to III of the wild‐type core. However, an elongation to completeness of the core stubs containing d ‐heptose seldom occurs. The heterogeneity in structure of the lipopolysaccharide produced by this class of (leaky) mutants is assumed to be due to an altered 6‐epimerase which, in the wild form, catalyses the conversion of NDP‐ d ‐glycero‐ d ‐ manno ‐heptose into NDP‐ l ‐glycero‐ d ‐ manno ‐heptose and which is determined by the gene rfa ‐657 situated between cysE and pyrE. The symbol rfaD is proposed for this gene.
Wavelet based photoplethysmogram foot delineation for heart rate variability applications (2013)

A novel and easily implemented delineation algorithm is presented, which allows the foot of the photoplethsymogram to be located with sufficient accuracy for heart rate variability applications. This algorithm combines classical delineation techniques with the robustness of the wavelet transform. It can be implemented with a set of FIR filters and simple non-adaptive thresholding, making it suitable for real-time ambulatory applications. Results show that the accuracy of the algorithm matches that of a standard electrocardiogram delineation algorithm, the current standard for heart rate variability applications. The algorithm presented herein is also compared against four state-of-the-art delineation algorithms. Using a database that contains exercise data from thirteen patients across six activity levels and 7012 beats, a temporal accuracy of 3.8±2.6 ms (mean±std) was achieved with a sensitivity of 99.29% and a positive predictive value of 99.23%.
Surfactant stabilized palladium colloids as precursors for cis‐selective alkyne‐hydrogenation catalysts (1997)

The performance of heterogeneous catalysts based on surfactant-stabilized palladium colloids is compared with conventional Pd/C and Lindlar catalysts in the partial hydrogenation of 3-hexyn-1-ol under optimized reaction conditions. The selectivity can be influenced by the protective shell as well as by the support and various promoters. The zwitterionic surfactant sulfobetaine-12 (N,N-dimethyldodecylammoniopropanesulfonate) appears to be best suited as a protective shell for highly selective palladium-colloid catalysts under the surfactants tested. The preferred support is CaCO3: the Pd(SB12) colloids supported on CaCO3 show the highest selectivities and activities of all tested catalysts. The best selectivity (98.1%) towards the desired cis-3-hexen-1-ol (leaf alcohol) is obtained with a lead-promoted palladium colloid supported on CaCO3. This catalyst is slightly (0.5%) better in selectivity and twice as active as a conventional Lindlar catalyst. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die Struktur von Maitotoxin – I: Konfiguration der C1‐C14‐Seitenkette (1996)

Ende gut ‐ alles gut! Mit der Aufklärung der Konfiguration der stereogenen Zentren in den beiden acyclischen Seitenketten von Maitotoxin durch NMR‐spektroskopische Analyse und Vergleich dieser Befunde mit denen von entsprechenden synthetisierten Fragmenten liegt nun die vollständig bestimmte Struktur dieses größten natürlichen Nichtbiopolymers vor (die durch einen polycyclischen Polyether verbrückten acyclischen Seitenketten sind unten dargestellt). Die absolute Konfiguration wurde anhand der gaschromatischen Untersuchung eines Maitotoxin‐Bruchstücks und Vergleich mit einem entsprechenden synthetisierten Baustein erhalten. magnified image
Immune protection and control of inflammatory tissue necrosis by <i>gamma delta</i> T cells. (1994)

Abstract Host defenses against experimental listeriosis in mice involve neutrophils, macrophages, NK cells, and alpha beta T cells. Recently gamma delta T cells have also been implicated in antilisterial resistance. However, their specific role has remained unclear. Here we show that efficient resistance to infection by this bacterium depends on the functions of both alpha beta and gamma delta T cells in both primary and secondary responses. We also present evidence that these functions are complementary. In the livers of alpha beta T cell-depleted mice, bacteria grow to large numbers within hepatocytes but are infrequently found extracellularly. Granulomatous lesions are more frequent and somewhat larger than in normal controls, but remain focal. Neutrophils are absent from liver lesions in these mice. In contrast, the livers of gamma delta T cell-depleted mice contain many extracellular bacteria, but do not show hepatocytes containing large numbers of Listeria. Liver lesions in gamma delta T cell-depleted mice are far more extensive than in normal controls or in alpha beta T cell-depleted mice, and contain large numbers of neutrophils. Particularly in secondary listeriosis, gamma delta T cell-depleted mice show vast coalescent areas of necrotic liver parenchyma within 48 h after infection. Because the bacterial numbers in gamma delta T cell-depleted mice remain lower than in alpha beta T cell-depleted mice, increased mortality in the former may be in part caused by liver failure. We conclude that gamma delta T cells are required to control inflammatory reactivity and to prevent excessive liver damage during the immune response to Listeria monocytogenes.
Evolution of Multilevel Order in Supramolecular Assemblies (2005)

The process of self-assembly at multiple length scales of bis-urea substituted toluene on a Au(111) surface was studied by low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Pattern formation is controlled by specific hydrogen bonds between these molecules but also by significantly weaker lateral coupling between the resulting supramolecular polymers and a quasiepitaxial interlocking with the substrate. The ordered assemblies exhibit a tunnel transparency. Our experiments indicate the necessity of multiple interactions of different strengths for obtaining ordered structures with hierarchical levels of organization.
Über die Herstellung von N‐Methyl‐N‐[1,2,3,4‐tetra‐hydro‐naphtyl‐(2)]‐β‐aminopropionsäure‐(2′‐oxy‐isopropyl)‐amid und N‐Methyl‐N‐[1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐naphtyl‐(2)]‐β‐amino‐propionsäure‐(2′‐amino‐isopropyl)‐ester‐dihydrochlorid (1952)

Abstract Die Herstellung von N‐Methyl‐N‐[1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐naphtyl‐(2)]‐β‐aminopropionsäure‐(2β‐oxy‐ ispropyl)‐amid und N‐Methyl‐N‐[1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐naphtyl‐(2)]‐β‐aminopropionsäure‐(β2‐amin ‐iso‐propyl)‐ester‐dihydrochlorid wird beschrieben.
High-frequency demodulation of multiphoton fluorescence for hyper-Rayleigh scattering in solution (2002)

We demonstrate a novel technique in the frequency-domain for the suppression of the multiphoton fluorescence contribution in hyper-Rayleigh scattering experiments. The technique takes advantages of the demodulation and the phase-shift in the frequency-domain of the time-delayed (multiphoton) fluorescence in the time-domain. For this technique, we use the improved temporal resolution offered by the femtosecond pulse versus the nanosecond pulse. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the demodulation of the fluorescence at high modulation frequencies of the fundamental laser beam by determining the molecular second-order nonlinear polarizability for a reference molecule under fluorescent conditions. The value that was obtained for the /spl beta/ (second-order nonlinear optical polarizability) of crystal-violet in methanol with 9,10-diphenylanthracene added as a centrosymmetric fluorophore, compares very well with the values that were previously obtained. The frequency-dependence of the retrieved value shows both the overestimation at DC and low modulation frequencies and the convergence towards the fluorescence-free value at high modulation frequencies.
Incorporating Tracer‐Tracee Differences into Models to Improve Accuracy (1991)

The ideal tracer for metabolic studies is one that behaves exactly like the tracee. Compounds labeled with isotopes come the closest to this ideal because they are chemically identical to the tracee except for the substitution of a stable or radioisotope at one or more positions. Even this substitution, however, can introduce a difference in metabolism that may be quantitatively important with regard to the development of the mathematical model used to interpret the kinetic data. The doubly labeled water method for the measurement of carbon dioxide production and hence energy expenditure in free-living subjects is a good example of how differences between the metabolism of the tracers and the tracee can influence the accuracy of the carbon dioxide production rate determined from the kinetic data.
Collisionless reconnection using Alfvén wave radiation resistance (1998)

Patchy magnetic reconnection involves transient field-aligned current filaments. The spatial localization, transient time-dependence, and orientation of these current filaments means they must radiate torsional Alfvén waves. Radiation of wave energy does not come for free—it must load the current which acts as the radiative source. This loading (radiation resistance) is proposed as the energy sink required for collisionless magnetic reconnection to proceed. Radiation resistance for both inertial and kinetic Alfvén waves is calculated and, for highly collisionless plasmas, is shown to exceed by a substantial factor both Spitzer resistivity and the effective resistance due to the direct acceleration of electrons (inertial loading). The radiation resistivity is shown to provide the magnetic field diffusivity required for magnetic fields to diffuse across the assumed width of the current filament on the time scale of the reconnection. It is also shown that Landau damping of the radiated waves results in the generation of energetic, field-aligned particles: in the β≪me/mi regime the energetic particles are electrons while in the me/mi≪β≪1 regime, the energetic particles are ions.
Repair of DNA alkylation induced in L1210 leukemia and murine bone marrow by three chloroethylnitrosoureas. (1982)

The removal of DNA adducts is an essential step of DNA repair following exposure to chloroethylnitrosoureas. Adduct removal was evaluated in both L1210 and murine bone marrow DNA for lesions induced by three chloroethylnitrosoureas. 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea, a marrow-toxic agent with high carbamoylating activity, was not removed in either system for at least 6 to 12 hr. These results were compared with those obtained with two glucose-linked chloroethylnitrosoureas, chlorozotocin and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-nitrosourea. Both of these agents have low marrow toxicity at therapeutic doses. Chlorozotocin, which has very low chemical carbamoylating activity, was found to permit approximately 40% removal of drug-derived DNA adducts in both systems within the first 6 hr and approximately 50% by 18 hr. The second glucose-linked analog, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-nitrosourea, has relatively high carbamoylating activity and was found to inhibit early removal of DNA adducts as effectively as does 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea. It would thus appear that the selective marrow-sparing property of the sugar-linked chloroethylnitrosoureas is not dependent upon carbamoylation-mediated differences in the rate and extent of DNA adduct removal. In view of the comparable therapeutic activity of the three drugs for L1210 leukemia, therapeutic efficacy does not appear to be impaired by the increased rate of adduct removal observed with chlorozotocin in this system.
Boron Goes On the Attack (2006)

A newly synthesized boron compound may serve as a nucleophile in a wide range of chemical syntheses.
Angular Distribution of the Intensity of Light Scattered from Xenon Near Its Critical Point (1969)

We have measured the angular dependence of the intensity of light scattered from xenon near its critical point, verified the Ornstein-Zernike theory, and determined the temperature dependence of the isothermal compressibility ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{T}$, the long-range correlation length $\ensuremath{\xi}$, and the direct correlation range $R$. The exponents describing the divergences of ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{T}$ and $\ensuremath{\xi}$ are, respectively, ${{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{liquid}}}^{\ensuremath{'}}=1.228\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.028$, ${{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{vapor}}}^{\ensuremath{'}}=1.244\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.017$, and ${{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\mathrm{vapor}}}^{\ensuremath{'}}=0.57\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05$. $R$ is essentially constant at \ensuremath{\sim}6 \AA{}.
Quantitative kinetic modelling of FDG in lung imaging of COPD (2015)

378 Objectives Thoracic FDG PET/CT may be a promising imaging biomarker to assess novel therapies in inflammatory lung conditions, including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). We analyzed baseline data in an on-going multi-centre clinical trial (NCT01541852), which recruited high fibrinogen COPD patients, to investigate static and dynamic analysis methods to quantify parameters of lung tissue uptake in COPD and evaluate their correlation to clinical measures of airflow limitation Methods 62 COPD subjects were dynamically scanned following FDG bolus injection. Upper subdivision of the lung (UL) was delineated using the CT and was applied to the dynamic FBP reconstructed PET data to derive regional time activity curves. Mean SUV and SUVr (30-60min) were calculated. Kinetic model (KM) estimates of the metabolic rate (Ki) were calculated using an irreversible 2-tissue compartmental model (2TC-3k) with an image-derived input function (IDIF) from the pulmonary artery. Tissue density correction (TDC) was applied using either the CT or the PET-KM. The 2TC-3k model was applied both with and without a blood volume component to investigate the impact of blood volume correction (BVC). Subjects also underwent spirometry measures (FEV1%predicted) to assess severity of airflow limitation Results A significant negative correlation between PET outcome parameters and FEV1% was measured only with the quantitative KM parameter Ki. Stronger correlation was obtained following correction for both TD and BV (Table 1) and this yielded a higher range of Ki values (CoV=49%) as compared to TDC alone (CoV=32%) Conclusions Quantitative kinetic model estimation of 18F-FDG metabolic rate in lung tissue correlates strongly with measures of lung function and could be further considered for longitudinal assessment of changes in lung inflammation Research Support Technology Strategy Board, with support from GSK
Hog cholera. V. Demonstration of the antigen in swine tissues by the fluorescent antibody technique. (1965)

The fluorescent antibody technique was employed to detect hog cholera virus in tissue sections of various organs from experimentally infected swine. The method proved to be highly sensitive and infection could be detected in these animals as early as three days after inoculation with the virus. Best results were obtained when tissues were collected from young animals in advanced disease rather than from sows or from pigs in the early febrile phase. Tonsil, spleen and lymph node were the tissues of choice and were most satisfactory when removed from freshly killed animals rather than from those that had died.
Comparison of Metallurgical Models During Quenching Using Open Source Software (2014)

Quenching process is applied to steels pieces to improve their mechanical properties, enhance hardness and strength, obtaining desired microstructure distribution, while maintaining geometrical distortion and residual stresses within specification. This type of heat treatment is widely used in metal-mechanic industry.
The quenching process involves different physical fields: thermal, metallurgical and mechanical. Problem complexity increases as a consequence of physical fields interaction. Therefore, affecting mechanisms must be completely determined, and appropriate models elaborated if accurate predictions are pursued.
Waeckel’s metallurgical transformation model is based on the numerical integration of the phase transformation’s rate. Phase fraction evolution is solved by considering continuous cooling diagrams (CCT) and interpolating already known experimental thermo-metallurgical histories. On the other hand, Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMA-K) isothermal transformation model, is applied to continuous cooling by discretizing it as a succession of isothermal steps, in addition to an additivity rule to define the onset of transformation.
This article focuses on the resolution of an eutectoid steel piece. The effect of different metallurgical transformation models on final properties after quenching is assessed. Open-source thermo-mechanical and metallurgical software, Code_Aster, which already has Waeckel’s transformation model built-in, is adapted to implement the JMA-K scheme.
[Risk of AIDS in the Oslo HIV-cohort study. A comparison between homosexual men, intravenous addicts and heterosexual persons]. (1994)

In order to study differences in risk of the development of AIDS in different groups of HIV infected subjects, 151 homosexual men, 110 intravenous drug users (IVDUs) and 36 heterosexually infected persons without major signs of HIV infection at entry to the study were enrolled in a cohort study. The mean follow-up time was 35 months. At the end of follow-up 40 subjects (13%) were diagnosed as having AIDS. This represented 20% (31/151) of the homosexual men, 7% (8/110) of the IVDUs and 3% (1/36) of the heterosexual subjects. The probability of being AIDS-free 36 months after entering the study was 0.88 (0.84-0.92, 95% CI) for the total study population, 0.83 (0.77-0.90) for the homosexual men, 0.92 (0.86-0.99) for IVDUs and 0.93 (0.91-1.0) for heterosexual subjects (p < 0.05, log rank test). In a Cox regression analysis, adjusting for CD4+ cell count at study entry, the relative risk of AIDS progression was 2.4 (1.1-5.2) for homosexual men and 0.3 (0.04-2.4) for heterosexual subjects, compared with IVDUs. The results demonstrate a higher risk of AIDS for homosexual men during the follow-up period.
Beam aberration in phase conjugation by degenerate four-wave mixing in optical waveguides (1983)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Bernard Bendow, R. H. Picard, and Peter D. Gianino, "Beam aberration in phase conjugation by degenerate four-wave mixing in optical waveguides," Appl. Opt. 22, 211-213 (1983) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Phosphorylation of β-Catenin by Protein Kinase a in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (2006)

Restricted accessAbstractFirst published March 2006Phosphorylation of β-Catenin by Protein Kinase a in Vascular Smooth Muscle CellsS. Taurin, N. Sandbo, […], Y. Qin, and N.O. Dulin+1-1View all authors and affiliationsVolume 54, Issue 2_supplhttps://doi.org/10.1177/108155890605402s21
Investigation of the effects of mechanical stress on the permeability of engineering materials to certain cryogenic and storable propellants used in launch vehicles Annual summary report, 30 Jun. 1964 - 30 Jun. 1965 (1965)

Mechanical stress effects on permeability of engineering materials to cryogenic and storable launch vehicle propellants
Directional cueing of gaze with a vibrotactile headband (2017)

Augmented attention is one of the ways human action can be enhanced with technologies. Still, more research is needed to find out effective ways to direct human attention to objects that have been determined as important to pay attention to. We investigated how vibrotactile stimulation given to the forehead could be used to cue gaze direction. We built a headband with an array of six vibrotactile actuators that presented short, tap like cues on the forehead. In an experiment, a horizontal line was shown on a computer display, and the participant's task was to look at the point of the line that they thought the vibrotactile cue was pointing to. Information of participant's gaze points was recorded using an eye tracker attached to the display. Analysis of the gaze points showed that for the majority of participants there were statistically significant differences between cues from different actuators. This indicated that the six actuators could successfully direct the participant's gaze to different areas of the visual field. On average, the precision of gaze points related to each actuator was comparable to the width of two to three fingers at arm's length. The findings of this study showed that there is potential in using vibrotactile cueing of gaze direction, for example, for directing visual attention and providing navigation cues with wearable devices such as headbands, head-mounted displays, and virtual reality headsets.
Conductivity and ion density of a plasma channel induced by a mildly relativistic electron beam from a gas-filled diode (1998)

Conductivity and ion density of a plasma channel induced by a mildly relativistic electron beam (300 kV, ∼2 kA, 10–50 ns) have been experimentally investigated under various gas pressures. Pressures of filling gas (air) in this experiment ranged from 10 mTorr to 100 mTorr. The net currents of the beam-induced plasma channel were measured by four Rogowski coils located along the propagating region, while the electron beam currents were measured by a Faraday cup. The inductive plasma currents observed at the above pressure regimes have been characterized by magnetic decay time. Plasma-channel conductivity and ion density induced by the beam are measured along the propagating axial positions under various gas pressures. The numerical result of the ion density is also obtained at the charge neutralization time when the ion density is just the same as the electron beam density, and the digitizing experimental data of the beam current Ib(t) and voltage Vd(t) have been used. As expected, in both numerical and experimental results the ion density increases to a peak value of about 3.0×1011 cm−3 and 3.3×1011 cm−3, respectively, at 50 mTorr and slowly decreases for both cases as the gas pressure increases from 50 mTorr to 100 mTorr. Moreover, the results of ion density predicted by the theoretical model developed here are also found to be in remarkably good agreement with experimental and numerical results at pressure regimes from 10 mTorr to 100 mTorr.