gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chitosan-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (2014)

Bone defects requiring grafts to promote healing are frequently occurring and costly problems in health care. Chitosan, a biodegradable, naturally occurring polymer, has drawn considerable attention in recent years as scaffolding material in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Chitosan is especially attractive as a bone scaffold material because it supports the attachment and proliferation of osteoblast cells as well as formation of mineralized bone matrix. In this review, we discuss the fundamentals of bone tissue engineering and the unique properties of chitosan as a scaffolding material to treat bone defects for hard tissue regeneration. We present the common methods for fabrication and characterization of chitosan scaffolds, and discuss the influence of material preparation and addition of polymeric or ceramic components or biomolecules on chitosan scaffold properties such as mechanical strength, structural integrity, and functional bone regeneration. Finally, we highlight recent advances in development of chitosan-based scaffolds with enhanced bone regeneration capability.
Steady streaming of fluid in the entrance region of a tube during oscillatory flow (1999)

To gain understanding and insight of entrance-flow phenomena, we solve a fluid dynamics problem involving an oscillating flat velocity profile (with zero mean flow) at the end (entrance) of a semi-infinite, rigid tube. A successive-approximation method is used. Analytic solutions are given for the first-order (linear) approximation. Time averages of products of these first-order solutions for velocity components and their spatial derivatives are used to approximate the nonlinear terms in the second-order equations, which are solved numerically. The time-averaged second-order results demonstrate steady bidirectional streaming in the entrance region. Solutions are given to an illustrative problem with a Reynolds number of 20 and a Womersley unsteadiness parameter of (200)1/2. At this low Reynolds number, the streaming effects are small, with the magnitudes of the calculated streaming velocities less than three percent of the amplitude of the velocity specified at the entrance. The calculated magnitudes of streaming velocities would be expected to increase at higher Reynolds numbers; however, the convergence of the second-order solution would be less certain at higher Reynolds numbers. The steady streaming is related to first-order velocity variations that exist near the entrance of the tube.
On the Comparison of Various Overhead Arrangements for Massive MIMO-OFDM Channel Estimation (2014)

Abstract Massive multi input multi output (MIMO) systems incorporate orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology to render high data rate services for future wireless communication applications. The channel estimator (CE) employed by a reliable massive MIMO-OFDM system requires huge amount of overhead in the form of known and null data transmissions, hence limiting the system spectral efficiency (SE). Often, CE design is a tradeoff between SE and system reliability. In this paper, CE with three different overhead arrangements, namely time domain synchronous (TDS), comb type with cyclic prefix (CTCP), 2D grid type with cyclic prefix (GTCP) are investigated and a GTCP based CE is proposed which offers both high SE and improved system reliability. The proposed CE uses autocorrelation based denoising threshold for channel impulse response (CIR) estimation and does not require any knowledge of channel statistics (KCS). A 4 x 16 MIMO-OFDM system is simulated in a rayleigh fading channel environment with U-shaped doppler spectrum. From the bit error rate (BER) performance results inWiMax SUI-4, Advanced Television Technology Center (ATTC) and Brazil A channel environments, it is verified that the proposed CE with GTCP overhead and proposed denoising scheme, indeed improves both SE and system reliability. Hence it is suitable for application in all massive MIMO-OFDM systems.
A Viterbi Algorithm for Modulo-2 pi Phase Tracking in Coherent Data Communication Systems. (1977)

It is argued that only phase, modulo-2 pi, is of interest in data communication applications. The probabilistic evolution of random walk phase, modulo-2 pi, is studied and the results used to derive a MAP sequence estimator for phase on the interval (-pi, pi). The MAP sequence estimator is a Viterbi tracker (or dynamic programming algorithm) for tracking phase on a finite-dimensional trellis in (-pi, pi). Computational requirements are discussed and several representative simulations are included. Applications of the algorithm to carrier phase tracking in coherent data communication systems are outlined. (Author)
Relaxin in Vascular Physiology and Pathophysiology: Possible Implications in Ischemic Brain Disease (2005)

The hormone relaxin, known for its action on the female reproductive tract, is also able to act on organs and systems different from the reproductive ones, including the blood vessels, the heart and the brain. Relaxin causes vasodilation in several organs stimulating the biosynthetic pathway of nitric oxide (NO), a potent vasodilator. Relaxin also has a cardioprotective action: it reduces the inflammatory activation of neutrophils and their adhesion to the endothelium, and protects against myocardial injury caused by ischemia and reperfusion (I-R) in experimental animal models of myocardial infarction. Its mechanisms of action chiefly depend on the hormone's vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Recently, an additional form of relaxin has been discovered in the brain, where it has been postulated to act locally as a neurotransmitter. Relaxin, acting mainly on circumventricular organs, stimulates water drinking and vasopressin release and appears to be involved in the regulation of behavioural processes. Based on its properties on the cardiovascular system, it is possible to hypothesise that relaxin could regulate the vascular tone in the central nervous system and, going a step further, could protect the brain from IR-induced damage, possibly by an NO-mediated mechanism. This latter possibility is supported by the observation that relaxin is able to up regulate the endogenous production of NO in several target cells, as NO, at appropriate levels, is known to be involved in the protection against neural pathophysiological processes such as I-R-induced injury.
The aggregate server method for analyzing serialization delays in computer systems (1983)

The aggregate server method is an approximate, iterative technique for analyzing the delays that programs encounter while waiting to enter critical sections, non-reentrant subroutines, and similar software structures that cause processing to become serialized. The method employs a conventional product form queuing network comprised of servers that represent actual I/O devices and processors, plus additional aggregate servers that represent serialized processing activity. The parameters of the product form network are adjusted iteratively to account for contention among serialized and nonserialized customers at each physical device.
The Competitive Imperative of Harmonisation with International Accounting Standards (1997)

Substantial harmonisation of Australian and international accounting standards may be a fact by the end of 1998. It is hoped that as part of the process, international standards may come to reflect what Australian standard‐setters regard as best practice. The harmonisation program will have a significant effect on the competitiveness of our financial services industry and of many of our internationally competing companies.
Improving spatial resolution in fiber Raman distributed temperature sensor by using deconvolution algorithm (2009)

The deconvolution algorithm is adopted on the fiber Raman distributed temperature sensor (FRDTS) to improve the spatial resolution without reducing the pulse width of the light source. Numerical simulation shows that the spatial resolution is enhanced by four times using the frequency-domain deconvolution algorithm with high temperature accuracy. In experiment, a spatial resolution of 15 m is realized using a master oscillator power amplifier light source with 300-ns pulse width. In addition, the dispersion-induced limitation of the minimum spatial resolution achieved by deconvolution algorithm is analyzed. The results indicate that the deconvolution algorithm is a beneficial complement for the FRDTS to realize accurate locating and temperature monitoring for sharp temperature variations.
Magnesium and its combination with cinnarizine in the long-term treatment of headache. (1991)

Some of the so-called calcium antagonists are effectively applied in the prophylactic treatment of migraine. Magnesium compounds reveal some calcium- antagonistic features, which was the reason of magnesium compounds (magnesium sulphate i.m. or magnesium lactate p.o.) evaluation at chronic migraine-patients. The compounds were administered or alone or in combination with cinnarizine (in case of magnesium sulphate). Beneficial effects were registered both after application of magnesium sulphate and, more markedly, after the combination with cinnarizine. The potentiation of the effect is likely due, at least partially, to their own calcium-antagonistic features. The side-effects of the applied drugs were not registered.
Pseudorca crassidens (1994)

The genus Pseudorca has been placed in the subfamily Orcininae by several workers. However, membership of this taxon is far from agreed upon. Some workers consider it to include Orcinus, Globicephala , Orcaella, and Feresa in addition to Pseudorca (Fraser and Purves,
Definition of Managed Objects for IEEE 802.3 Repeater Devices (1992)

This RFC specifies an IAB standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
Parked Vehicular Computing for Energy-Efficient Internet of Vehicles: A Contract Theoretic Approach (2018)

With the repaid development of Internet of Vehicles (IoV), more available resources and energy-efficient optimizations in resources scheduling are exactly required for large-scale network implementation for sustainable development. We observe that parked vehicles (PVs) have rich and underutilized resources for task execution. By scheduling them as general computing nodes to undertake computation tasks, we introduce a new computing paradigm, named by parked vehicular computing (PVC). There exists some challenging issues to be addressed for the facilitation of PVC. In particular, an incentive mechanism is needed to offer optimized rewards for PVs with the consideration of their parking time and energy consumption. In this paper, we investigate an energy-efficient PVC paradigm, and we design a contract-based incentive mechanism to motivate PVs to contribute their idle on-board resources. The PVs are classified into different types according to their parking time. Then, the designed contracts are assigned to different types of PVs. To realize the incentive mechanism, the optimization problem with the contract design is formulated to maximize the utility of the service provider. For optimal contract design, we solve the simplified problem by using Lagrangian multiplier method. Numerical results indicate that the proposed PVC with optimal contract design outperforms existing work in improving social welfare of resource scheduling, which takes quality-of-service and overall energy consumption into consideration. We also demonstrate that the contract-based incentive mechanism is energy-efficient and effective.
습사료에 비타민 C와 E 첨가가 넙치 치어의 성장과 체성분에 미치는 영향 (2003)

This study was conducted to investigate the supplementary effects of vitamin C and E to moist pellet on growth and body composition in juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Four groups of diet made : moist pellet (MP) diet group was used as the control group where the ratio of raw feed and commercial compound meal is 5:5 (CP 30%, CL 17%), vitamin C added group (VC), vitamin E added group (VE) and vitamin C and E added group (VCE). The supplementary amount of vitamin C and E corresponded to 1000 mg/kg (dry wt.) and 220 mg/kg (dry wt.), respectively. Vitamin C was destroyed 50% and vitamin E was destroyed 20% for manufacturing process. After 8 weeks feeding trial, weight gain was 121.9% in MP group, while it ranged from 180.5 to 184.9% in the VC, VE and VCE group. Feed efficiency was 71.6% in MP group, whereas it ranged from 78.7 to 80.6% in the VC, VE and VCE group, weight gain and feed efficiency of fish fed vitamin supplemented diets were significantly higher than control group and no significant difference among the vitamin added groups was observed (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index(HSI), and visceraweight index (VWI) of body composition. Hemoglobin (Hb) was 3.79% in MP group, whereas 4.99% in VC group, 4.55% in VE group and 5.07% in VCE group; Hb was significantly higher in the vitamin added groups than the control group (p<0.05). Vitamin C retention in liver was 18.1, 20.7, 46.6, 54.0 mg/kg in MP, VE, VC and VCE groups, respectively. Vitamin E retention in liver was 25.9, 53.8, 88.2, 124.5 mg/kg in MP, VC, VE and VCE groups, respectively. These results indicate that supplementation of vitamin C and E to moist pellet diet significantly improved growth and feed efficiency of ollive flounder, and the mixed addition of vitamin C (1,000 mg/kg dry wt.) and vitamin E (220 mg/kg dry wt.) did not lead to the synergy effect.
Segment-based SVMs for Time Series Analysis (2012)

Enabling computers to understand human and animal behavior has the potential to revolutionize many areas that benefit society such as clinical diagnosis, human-computer interaction, and social robotics. Critical to the understanding of human and animal behavior, and any temporally-varying phenomenon in general, is the capability to segment, classify, and cluster time series data. This thesis proposes segment-based Support Vector Machines (Seg-SVMs), a framework for supervised, weakly-supervised, and unsupervised time series analysis. Seg-SVMs outperform state-of-the-art approaches by combining three powerful ideas: energy-based structure prediction, bag-of-words representation, and maximum-margin learning. Energy-based structure prediction provides a principled mechanism for concurrent top-down recognition and bottom-up temporal localization. Bag-of-words representation provides segment-based features that tolerate misalignment errors and are computationally efficient. Maximum-margin learning, such as SVM and Structure Output SVM, has a convex learning formulation; it produces classifiers that are discriminative and less prone to over-fitting. In this thesis, we show how Seg-SVMs outperform state-of-the-art approaches for segmenting, classifying, and clustering human and animal behavior in video and accelerometer data of varying complexity. We illustrate these benefits in the problems of facial event detection, sequence labeling of human actions, and temporal clustering of animal behavior. In addition, the Seg-SVMs framework naturally provides solutions to two novel problems: early detection of human actions and weakly-supervised discovery of discriminative events.
Lifecycle energy and greenhouse gas emissions analysis of biomass‐based 2‐ethylhexanol as an alternative transportation fuel (2019)

Abstract This study investigates the environmental performance of 2‐ethylhexanol (2‐ EH ), as a potential drop‐in transport fuel alternative. Three different biomass‐based production pathways are evaluated and compared using life cycle assessment ( LCA ) methodology. The environmental impact of 2‐ EH is assessed in terms of cumulative energy demand ( CED ) and global warming potential ( GWP ). Among the three alternative pathways, 2‐ EH produced via syngas results in the lowest primary energy demand and GHG emissions under the baseline assumptions of this work. The two biochemical production pathways (via ethanol and butanol) exhibit higher CED and GWP during biomass conversion steps mainly due to process materials and chemicals used. Process specifications such as transport distance to production facility or the fate of the obtained by‐products are shown to influence the overall environmental impact of the fuel for all studied pathways. The use phase performance of 2‐ EH was also considered in this work, as part of a 100% renewable blend and was compared to existing fossil and renewable fuels. The studied blend has the potential to reduce GHG emissions by more than 85% compared to fossil diesel while when certain production pathways are followed, it exhibits lower GWP than renewable fuels already in the market such as ethanol blends and biodiesel. 2‐ EH can therefore provide a competitive alternative to fossil transport fuels increasing the share of renewable content in the current vehicle fleet, thus enhancing the efforts for a sustainable transport sector.
A (Cybernetic) Musing: Design and Cybernetics. (2009)

In 1969, Gordon Pask published a paper that explicitly proposed a vital connection between cybernetics and architecture. “The Architectural Relevance of Cybernetics” (Pask, 1969) was one outcome of an extraordinary series of debates and presentations centred around the theme of limits to science presented at the Architectural Association School of Architecture (AA) in London. The proceedings were published in the journal Architectural Design, at the time one of the most open and experimental publications in the UK. I give these details to show how open the AA in particular, and architecture in general, were to other subjects. At the time, Pask had been on the staff of the AA as a consultant for several years. He not only argued the architectural relevance of cybernetics, he lived in an environment where this was accepted and acted upon. Pask’s central argument concerned conversation. Three years before he published officially on conversation theory, he explained how conversational exchange could help client and architect develop a proposal that became better than it would have been if simply briefed by initial instruction. Fourteen years later, Donald Schon (see Schon, 1983), a professor of planning at MIT with an interest in education and systems, examined the knowledge professionals develop and use in the practice of their professions. He referred to this as reflective practice. His insights were taken up by architects (one of the professions he examined) and other designers. He also examined the environment in which architects and designers are educated and work: the studio.2 Schon borrowed the idea of conversation (a reflexive conversation with the situation) to explain the central act of the designer: holding a conversation with oneself through paper and pencil. This was not a new insight: many teachers of architecture, including Pask and myself, were using this metaphor—a metaphor presented to me when I was a student (What is the drawing telling you?). So it can be seen there is reason for assuming a critical connection between cybernetics and architecture and design. I have alluded to such a relationship in these columns. I hold we can consider design as a practical expression of cybernetics, cybernetics as a theoretical study sustaining design. I have never presented the argument coherently in this column. I aim to make good this failing, here.
Survival trends for patients with AIDS (1990)

To evaluate trends in the length of survival for patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, we calculated survival following diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome for 4323 cases reported in San Francisco, Calif, between July 1981 and December 31, 1987. Patients were followed up prospectively through December 31, 1988. The median survival for all patients was 12.5 months, with a 5-year survival rate of 3.4%. Significantly improved survival was observed for patients diagnosed with<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia in 1986 and 1987. Survival for patients diagnosed with Kaposi's sarcoma declined significantly between 1981 and 1987. Survival was unchanged among patients diagnosed with other opportunistic infections or malignancies. Proportional hazards analyses indicated that initial diagnosis, age, and year of diagnosis were significant predictors of survival. For a subset of patients (n = 644), therapy with zidovudine was an additional significant predictor of survival. This study suggests that survival following diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has improved in recent years, primarily among patients with<i>carinii</i>pneumonia. Therapy with zidovudine may be partially responsible for these recent improvements. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:402-406)
Synthesis and Absorption Spectra of the Symmetrical Chloroindingos (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Absorption Spectra of the Symmetrical ChloroindingosPeter W. Sadler and Reginald L. WarrenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 6, 1251–1255Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01587a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01587a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views683Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Application Research of Deep Leaming in the Field of Aircraft Fault Diagnosis (2019)

Once an aircraft fault occurs, it is likely to be a multiple, intricate fault. How to accurately and efficiently determine the cause of the fault is a major problem in the maintenance industry. Deep learning is a branch of artificial intelligence. It can mine the essential features of faults through feature extraction ability, and characterize the complex mapping relationship between fault phenomena and fault causes. This paper introduces several common models of deep learning, including DBN, CNN and RNN. Through the analysis of the characteristics of the model, their applications in aircraft maintenance and fault diagnosis are studied respectively, and the application prospects are analyzed. In addition, some characteristics of aircraft faults are analyzed, and the challenges of deep learning in the field of fault diagnosis are proposed.
Device optimization of laser and heterobipolar transistor for laser/driver OEIC (2003)

The authors recently reported the integration of a SIBH laser and an invertible heterobipolar transistor as an emitter follower in a 600-Mb/s OEIC (optoelectronic integrated circuit) on n-doped InP substrate. By optimization of the transistor's base doping and the transistor geometry, an improvement of the frequency behavior has been achieved. The DC characteristic should be sufficient for application in an integrated circuit. together with the results of the 1.5- mu m SIBH laser on semi-insulating InP this appears to be a good basis for the realization of a transmitter OEIC consisting of a laser and a differential amplifier electronic circuit including resistors and capacitors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>