gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Philip Levine Award Lecture. Contributions of Quantitative Immunochemistry to Knowledge of Blood Group A, B, H, Le, I and i Antigens (1982)

Philip Levine Award Lecture. Contributions of Quantitative Immunochemistry to Knowledge of Blood Group A, B, H, Le, I and i Antigens Elvin A. Kabat, Ph.D. Elvin A. Kabat, Ph.D. Departments of Microbiology, Human Genetics and Development, and Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 78, Issue 3, 1 September 1982, Pages 281–292, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/78.3.281 Published: 01 September 1982 Article history Received: 25 March 1982 Accepted: 25 March 1982 Published: 01 September 1982
256×256, 100kfps, 61% Fill-factor time-resolved SPAD image sensor for microscopy applications (2016)

A 256×256 Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) image sensor operating at 100kfps with fill factor of 61% and pixel pitch of 16μm is reported. An all-NMOS 7T pixel allows high uniformity gated operation down to 4ns and ~600ps fall time with on-chip delay generation. The sensor operates with 0.996 temporal aperture ratio (TAR) in rolling shutter and has a parasitic light sensitivity (PLS) in excess of -160dB when operated in global shutter. Gating and cooling allow the suppression of dark noise, which, in combination with the high fill factor, enables competitive low-light performance with electron multiplying CCDs (EMCCDs) whilst offering time-resolved imaging modes.
Tight Certificates of Adversarial Robustness for Randomly Smoothed Classifiers (2019)

Strong theoretical guarantees of robustness can be given for ensembles of classifiers generated by input randomization. Specifically, an $\ell_2$ bounded adversary cannot alter the ensemble prediction generated by an additive isotropic Gaussian noise, where the radius for the adversary depends on both the variance of the distribution as well as the ensemble margin at the point of interest. We build on and considerably expand this work across broad classes of distributions. In particular, we offer adversarial robustness guarantees and associated algorithms for the discrete case where the adversary is $\ell_0$ bounded. Moreover, we exemplify how the guarantees can be tightened with specific assumptions about the function class of the classifier such as a decision tree. We empirically illustrate these results with and without functional restrictions across image and molecule datasets.
Periodic dispersion compensation induced by photo-sensitivity for achieving quasi-phase matching in holey fibers (2005)

To achieve quasi-phase matching nonlinear process in one piece of holey fiber, a novel highly nonlinear holey fiber with doped photosensitive regions is proposed, which periodically compensates dispersion and phase mismatching in nonlinear interactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies Toward 4H‐1,3‐Benzodioxin‐2‐ones. (1988)

Abstract 2‐Hydroxymethylphenol (I) reacts with phosgene (II) under the conditions shown in the reaction scheme to yield the 1,3‐benzodioxinone (III) in a low yield.
Trimethyl(iso)cyanogermane and Trimethyltin (Iso)cyanide<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrimethyl(iso)cyanogermane and Trimethyltin (Iso)cyanide1DIETMAR SEYFERTH and NORBERT KAHLENCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 5, 809–812Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01075a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01075a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Continuous wave laser irradiation of explosives (2010)

Quantitative measurements of the levels of continuous wave (CW) laser light that can be safely applied to bare explosives during contact operations were obtained at 532 nm, 785 nm, and 1550 nm wavelengths. A thermal camera was used to record the temperature of explosive pressed pellets and single crystals while they were irradiated using a measured laser power and laser spot size. A visible light image of the sample surface was obtained before and after the laser irradiation. Laser irradiation thresholds were obtained for the onset of any visible change to the explosive sample and for the onset of any visible chemical reaction. Deflagration to detonation transitions were not observed using any of these CW laser wavelengths on single crystals or pressed pellets in the unconfined geometry tested. Except for the photochemistry of DAAF, TATB and PBX 9502, all reactions appeared to be thermal using a 532 nm wavelength laser. For a 1550 nm wavelength laser, no photochemistry was evident, but the laser power thresholds for thermal damage in some of the materials were significantly lower than for the 532 nm laser wavelength. No reactions were observed in any of the studied explosives using the available 300 mW laser at 785 nm wavelength. Tables of laser irradiance damage and reaction thresholds are presented for pressed pellets of PBX9501, PBX9502, Composition B, HMX, TATB, RDX, DAAF, PETN, and TNT and single crystals of RDX, HMX, and PETN for each of the laser wavelengths.
Nouveaux marqueurs pour le diagnostic de la maladie fongique invasive (2014)

Les infections fongiques invasives (IFI), aspergilloses (AI) et candidoses (CI) essentiellement, ont vu leur fréquence augmenter ces dernières décennies en réanimation. Leur pronostic est directement en rapport avec la précocité du traitement antifongique. Or, les techniques microbiologiques conventionnelles donnent des résultats trop tardifs pour permettre cette rapidité thérapeutique, voire sont mises à défaut: 50 % des CI s’accompagnent ainsi d’hémocultures négatives. Il est donc nécessaire d’appuyer les stratégies de traitement précoce sur l’utilisation de nouveaux outils, dont les biomarqueurs. Ceux-ci sont dérivés de composants structuraux, enzymatiques ou métaboliques des champignons. Les biomarqueurs commercialisés utilisables en routine sont pour l’instant des antigènes (Ag) polysaccharidiques de paroi ou les anticorps (Ac) les reconnaissant. Parmi ceux-ci, le β-D-1,3-glucane est un marqueur ubiquitaire, utilisable pour la CI, l’AI mais aussi la pneumocystose. Il semble précoce, sensible, mais peu spécifique pour les patients de réanimation. À l’inverse, le mannane est un Ag spécifique de Candida et de ce fait spécifique pour le diagnostic de CI, mais peu sensible et moins précoce que le β-D-1,3-glucane. Le galactomannane est lui spécifique d’Aspergillus et représente un biomarqueur assez sensible, précoce et spécifique des AI, malgré de nombreuses causes de faux-positifs. Les Ac correspondant à ces Ag ont des performances imparfaites, mais leur cinétique, inverse de celle des Ag, peut être intéressante à suivre. L’utilisation de ces biomarqueurs dans le cadre d’une stratégie de traitement préemptif ou à l’inverse pour limiter des traitements empiriques non justifiés pourrait permettre de rationaliser les prescriptions d’antifongiques tout en améliorant la précocité des traitements. Les progrès à venir dans leur utilisation reposent sur l’utilisation d’autres cibles moléculaires et sur des techniques de dosage exploitant les avancées biotechnologiques.
Deposition of silicon carbonitride films using methylsilazane (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeposition of silicon carbonitride films using methylsilazaneHonghua Du, Bernard Gallois, and Kenneth E. GonsalvesCite this: Chem. Mater. 1989, 1, 6, 569–571Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00006a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views170Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (338 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Propagating Waves of Self-Assembly in Organosilane Monolayers. (2007)

Wavefronts associated with reaction–diffusion and self-assembly processes are ubiquitous in the natural world. For example, propagating fronts arise in crystallization and diverse other thermodynamic ordering processes, in polymerization fronts involved in cell movement and division, as well as in the competitive social interactions and population dynamics of animals at much larger scales. Although it is often claimed that self-sustaining or autocatalytic front propagation is well described by mean-field “reaction–diffusion” or “phase field” ordering models, it has recently become appreciated from simulations and theoretical arguments that fluctuation effects in lower spatial dimensions can lead to appreciable deviations from the classical mean-field theory (MFT) of this type of front propagation. The present work explores these fluctuation effects in a real physical system. In particular, we consider a high-resolution near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) study of the spontaneous frontal self-assembly of organosilane (OS) molecules into self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surface-energy gradients on oxidized silicon wafers. We find that these layers organize from the wafer edge as propagating wavefronts having well defined velocities. In accordance with two-dimensional simulations of this type of front propagation that take fluctuation effects into account, we find that the interfacial widths w(t) of these SAM self-assembly fronts exhibit a power-law broadening in time, w(t) ≈ tβ, rather than the constant width predicted by MFT. Moreover, the observed exponent values accord rather well with previous simulation and theoretical estimates. These observations have significant implications for diverse types of ordering fronts that occur under confinement conditions in biological or materials-processing contexts.
Structural and electrochemical properties of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous tin(iv) oxide films (2004)

This paper presents a colloidal-crystal templating technique to prepare three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) tin(IV) oxide films for use as lithium ion anodes. In principle, 3DOM architectures are expected to diminish diffusional polarization and yield high rates of charge/discharge due to ion diffusion pathlengths on a nanometer scale and ready electrolyte access to relatively large internal electrode/electrolyte interfacial areas. Uniformly-sized polymer spheres were deposited in a close-packed arrangement on a current collecting substrate. A tin(IV) fluid precursor infiltrated the interstitial space between the spheres and was dried. Subsequent calcination removed the polymer sphere template and formed an inverse opal film composed of nanocrystalline SnO2. These films were characterized by SEM, XRD, elemental analysis, BET, CV, and galvanostatic cycling. Large structural changes occurred in these samples as a result of the formation of LixSn (0 ≤ x ≤ 4.4) alloys during cycling. This swelling could not be suppressed by the inclusion of additives to the precursor solution. Morphological changes were absent after cycling at significantly higher rates, possibly due to ohmic losses that prevented the electrochemical reactions from occurring.
Interaction of a glutathione <i>S</i>‐conjugate with glutathione reductase Kinetic and X‐ray crystallographic studies (1984)

S-Conjugates of glutathione influence the glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) status of hepatocytes in at least two ways, namely by inhibition of GSSG transport into the bile [Akerboom et al. (1982) FEBS Lett. 140, 73-76] and by inhibition of the enzyme GSSG reductase (EC 1.6.4.2). The interaction of GSSG reductase with a well-studied conjugate, namely S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-glutathione and its electrophilic precursor 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene are described. For short exposures both compounds are reversible inhibitors of the enzyme, the Ki values being 30 microM and 22 microM respectively. After prolonged incubation, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene blocks GSSG reductase irreversibly, which emphasizes the need for rapid conjugate formation in situ. As shown by X-ray crystallography the major binding site of S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-glutathione in GSSG reductase overlaps the binding site of the substrate, glutathione disulfide. However, the glutathione moiety of the conjugate does not bind in the same manner as either of the glutathiones in the disulfide.
Perfonnance Analysis of MSP: A FeatureRkh High-speed Transport Pmtocor (1993)

This paper presents a petformance analysis of the Multistream Pmtocol (MSP), a feature-rich flexible transport protocol des@ned to meet the needs of high-performance applications. The analysis is based on the processing complexity associated with petformirg certain protocol functions, and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the implementatkm of several different protocol mechanisms, such as packet or bbek mode data transfer. The analysis shows, that if 10-MIPS processors are used to implement the protocol in a parallel architecture, and block mode transmission is used, MSP may transfer data at a rate of over 150 Kpackets/second with a block size of 50 packets.
ChemInform Abstract: SPEKTROSKOPISCHE UNTERSUCHUNG VON EINIGEN KOMPLEXEN VON THALLIUM(I) UND THALLIUM(III) MIT STICKSTOFF‐DONATOR‐LIGANDEN (1970)

Abstract Die Komplexe (II) werden durch Umsetzung von Tl(III)‐chlorid mit dem Amin (I) dargestellt und die DMF‐Derivate (V) bilden‐sich bei der Reaktion der Komplexe (III) mit dem Formamid (IV).
Light Chain Amyloid Fibrils Cause Metabolic Dysfunction in Human Cardiomyocytes (2015)

Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is the most common form of systemic amyloid disease, and cardiomyopathy is a dire consequence, resulting in an extremely poor prognosis. AL is characterized by the production of monoclonal free light chains that deposit as amyloid fibrils principally in the heart, liver, and kidneys causing organ dysfunction. We have studied the effects of amyloid fibrils, produced from recombinant λ6 light chain variable domains, on metabolic activity of human cardiomyocytes. The data indicate that fibrils at 0.1 μM, but not monomer, significantly decrease the enzymatic activity of cellular NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase, without causing significant cell death. The presence of amyloid fibrils did not affect ATP levels; however, oxygen consumption was increased and reactive oxygen species were detected. Confocal fluorescence microscopy showed that fibrils bound to and remained at the cell surface with little fibril internalization. These data indicate that AL amyloid fibrils severely impair cardiomyocyte metabolism in a dose dependent manner. These data suggest that effective therapeutic intervention for these patients should include methods for removing potentially toxic amyloid fibrils.
Design of programmable matter (2008)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2008.
REMOVAL OF THE EFFECT OF POSTCOITAL UNILATERAL OVARIECTOMY ON EMBRYO SURVIVAL IN THE RAT WITH OESTRADIOL (1971)

Summary. Unilateral ovariectomy of mature female rats 62 to 88 hr after copulation resulted in a significant reduction in embryo survival in the ipsilateral uterine horn when compared to the contralateral horn. The effect was not apparent when oestradiol-17β was injected into the ovarian site at the time of ovariectomy.
Study on the relationship between the heat transfer characteristics of preheating gas and cutting performance of oxyfuel gas cutting (2014)

Plate temperature and heat input in an oxyfuel gas cutting process with H2/LP gas and LPG flame are calculated by three-dimensional FE heat conduction analyses. FE analyses are performed by using moving coordinates, and cutting groove temperature is determined by iterative calculation. The two-dimensional groove temperature distribution determined by Matsuyama's theory is chosen as the initial values in this iterative calculation. The heat transfer properties of the preheating flame are determined by using the genetic algorithm-based heat transfer estimation technique proposed in the previous report. The validity of the proposed numerical procedure and the accuracy of the determined groove temperature are examined by comparing the calculated and measured plate temperature and heat-affected zone sizes. Heat input due to preheating, qG, and that due to self-burning of steel, qB, are estimated in these analyses, and they are compared with the heat inputs estimated by Wells' and modified Wells' equations. The relation between the heat transfer characteristics of the preheating gas flame and plate temperature distribution is examined, and the cutting performance improvement mechanisms of hydrogen preheating are discussed. As a result, the followings are found: (1) the three-dimensional groove temperature distribution can be calculated by performing the iterative analyses procedure proposed in this study; (2) the critical cutting speed can be estimated once the gas heat transfer parameters are known; (3) it is not appropriate to evaluate the magnitude of cutting thermal deformation only from the preheating gas's total calorific value; (4) under the conditions chosen, the heat generated by self-burning is inadequate to maintain the cutting process, and it is essential to supplement heat by preheating; (5) the faster cutting speed and smaller total heat input of H2/LP gas are results of the larger local heat transfer coefficient below the gas ejection hole. It is supposed that the improvement in oxyfuel gas cutting performance can be achieved by modifying the heating apparatus so that the local heat transfer coefficient becomes larger.
Upgrading of laguna vacuum residue by the CANMET hydrocracking process final report for run series 80-cg-225 to 231 and 80-cg-232 to 238 (1981)

Two short series of experiments were carried out with Venezuelan Laguna feed in order to demonstrate the operability of the CANMET Hydrocracking Process on this feedstock. Conversion data, product yields and product properties were measured over a wide range of temperatures. The CANMET Process was able to successfully handle this feedstock up to very high conversions (&amp;gt; 95%).
Reaction between two immiscible fluids in countercurrent flow in a series of stirred tanks: Design equations and optimum operations (1968)

Abstract An explicit expression is found for the conversion of two immiscible fluids reacting by a second order reaction while in countercurrent flow through a series of equal sized backmix reactors. It is also shown that the equal sized set‐up is always optimum in that it minimizes the total volume needed for any duty. Design charts are presented.
Carboxypeptidase E (CPE): immunocytochemical localization in the rat central nervous system and pituitary gland (1990)

Carboxypeptidase E (CPE, enkephalin convertase, carboxypeptidase H; EC 3.4.17.10) is a carboxypeptidase B-like enzyme proposed to be involved in the synthesis of a variety of peptide hormones and neurotransmitters. In the present study we have localized CPE in the rat central nervous system using specific polyclonal antisera to the purified enzyme. Immunoreactive CPE occurs in a variety of cell somas and neuronal terminals in the central nervous system. The enzyme is most concentrated in the hypothalamus, especially in the median eminence, supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, and suprachiasmatic nucleus. CPE is also found in axon terminals in the posterior pituitary gland, melanotropes of the intermediate pituitary gland, and select cells of the anterior pituitary gland. Immunoreactivity to CPE in the hippocampus is found in the pyramidal cells and in the inner part of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. CPE is also found in the central nucleus of the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. These results suggest that CPE distribution corresponds to that of many neuropeptides at the fine structural level, thus further implicating CPE in peptide processing.
Secretion and lipid association of human apolipoprotein E in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires a host mutation in sterol esterification and uptake. (1991)

We have expressed a cDNA to human apolipoprotein E (apoE) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Secretion of apoE was achieved only by the use of a mutant (upc2) strain of yeast with the phenotype of enhanced uptake and intracellular esterification of exogenous cholesterol. Approximately 40 ng/ml apoE was secreted by upc2 mutants in the absence of media cholesterol. ApoE secretion was increased 2-3-fold upon the inclusion of cholesterol in the growth media. This response to exogenous cholesterol was not mediated at the transcriptional level, since apoE mRNA levels were constant under all culture conditions. Concomitant with the increase in secretion following cholesterol uptake by upc2 strains, approximately 5% of secreted apoE was associated with lipid; polar and non-polar lipids were detected in this lipoprotein fraction. Intracellular degradation of apoE in non-secreting strains of yeast was minimized by the presence of null mutations in both vacuolar proteases with non-specific activity (pep4) and a Golgi endopeptidase with specificity for paired basic residues (kex2). The approach of expressing human apolipoproteins in yeast may identify factors that mediate lipoprotein biosynthesis in higher cells. One such factor could be the mammalian equivalent of the gene product of UPC2.
Synthesis of L‐Ascorbic Acid Derivative Including 3‐Aminopropane Phosphoric Acid as a Novel Whitening Agent. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Topography and Deformation Measurement and FE Modeling applied to substrate-mounted large area wafer-level packages (including stacked dice and TSVs) (2010)

Topography and Deformation Measurement and FE Modeling were applied for characterization of the warpage vs. temperature behavior of several different die stacks, with or without Through Silicon Vias, for sample temperatures from 25°C…250°C. The warpage behavior is of fundamental importance for the lifetime and reliability expectation of the stack.