gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Disease Associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis: Current Status of the Host-Bacterium Interaction (1986)

Journal Article Pulmonary Disease Associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis: Current Status of the Host-Bacterium Interaction Get access R. Wilson, R. Wilson Host Defence Unit, Department of Medicine, Cardiothoracic Institute, Brompton Hospital, London, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. Sykes, D. Sykes Host Defence Unit, Department of Medicine, Cardiothoracic Institute, Brompton Hospital, London, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. J. Cole P. J. Cole Host Defence Unit, Department of Medicine, Cardiothoracic Institute, Brompton Hospital, London, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 153, Issue 2, February 1986, Page 376, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/153.2.376 Published: 01 February 1986
An Analytically Solvable Model for Rapid Evolution of Modular Structure (2009)

Biological systems often display modularity, in the sense that they can be decomposed into nearly independent subsystems. Recent studies have suggested that modular structure can spontaneously emerge if goals (environments) change over time, such that each new goal shares the same set of sub-problems with previous goals. Such modularly varying goals can also dramatically speed up evolution, relative to evolution under a constant goal. These studies were based on simulations of model systems, such as logic circuits and RNA structure, which are generally not easy to treat analytically. We present, here, a simple model for evolution under modularly varying goals that can be solved analytically. This model helps to understand some of the fundamental mechanisms that lead to rapid emergence of modular structure under modularly varying goals. In particular, the model suggests a mechanism for the dramatic speedup in evolution observed under such temporally varying goals.
Fluorocarbon Exposure Mode Markedly Affects Phospholipid Monolayer Behavior at the Gas/Liquid Interface: Impact on Size and Stability of Microbubbles (2018)

Although most phospholipid-shelled microbubbles (MBs) investigated for medical applications are stabilized by a fluorocarbon (<i>F</i>C) gas, information on the interactions between the phospholipid and <i>F</i>C molecules at the gas/water interface remains scarce. We report that the procedure of introduction of perfluorohexane (<i>F</i>-hexane), that is, either in the gas phase above dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) Langmuir monolayers, or in the aqueous subphase, radically affects the compression isotherms. When introduced in the gas phase, <i>F</i>-hexane is rapidly incorporated in the interfacial film, but is also readily desorbed upon compression and eventually totally expelled from the phospholipid monolayers. By contrast, when introduced in the aqueous phase, <i>F</i>-hexane remains trapped at the interface. These dissimilar outcomes demonstrate that the phospholipid monolayer acts as a barrier that effectively hinders the transfer of the <i>F</i>C across the interfacial film. <i>F</i>-hexane was also found to significantly accelerate the adsorption kinetics of the phospholipids at the gas/water interface and to lower the interfacial tension, as assessed by bubble profile analysis tensiometry. The extent of these effects is more pronounced when <i>F</i>-hexane is provided from the gas phase. The size and stability characteristics of DMPC- and DPPC-shelled microbubbles were also found to depend on how the <i>F</i>C is introduced. As compared to reference MBs prepared under nitrogen only, introduction of <i>F</i>-hexane always causes a decrease in MB mean radius. However, while for DMPC this decrease depends on the <i>F</i>-hexane introduction procedure, it is independent from the procedure and most pronounced (from ∼2.0 μm to ∼1.0 μm) for DPPC. Introducing the <i>F</i>C in the gas phase has the strongest effect on MB half-life (<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub> = ∼1.8 and 6.8 h for DMPC and DPPC, respectively), as compared to when it is delivered through the aqueous phase (∼0.8 and ∼1.7 h). Fluorocarbonless reference DMPC and DPPC bubbles had a half-life of ∼0.5 and 0.8 h, respectively. The effects of <i>F</i>-hexane on MB characteristics are discussed with regard to the interactions between phospholipids and <i>F</i>-hexane and monolayer fluidization effect, as revealed by the Langmuir and tensiometric studies.
Measurement of aspheric surfaces with 3D-deflectometry (2007)

Using a high resolution two-dimensional angle sensor, 3D-Deflectometry determines the local slopes of an aspheric surface. The sensor scans the surface in spherical coordinates thus measuring the deviation from a reference sphere. A new fault tolerant software algorithm transfers slope information into surface topography data simultaneously correcting for systematic errors of the instrument. In this way various surface types can be characterized; convex and concave standard shapes as well as toric or even free form surfaces.
Mathematical Optimization of Ironmaking with Biomass as Auxiliary Reductant in the Blast Furnace (2009)

The potential of using biomass in ironmaking is investigated by simulation. Biomass is used to partially replace fossil reductants in the blast furnace process, which is described mathematically by a thermodynamic model. The model is cast in linear form to facilitate an efficient economic optimization of the production of raw steel, considering costs of raw materials, energy and CO2 emissions of the unit processes up to the basic oxygen furnace. The high oxygen content and low heating value of biomass makes it necessary to study a possible external pyrolysis of it prior to injection into the furnace. The economy of biomass injection and its dependence on the price structure of raw materials and emissions are investigated. The results throws light on how the prices of biomass and emission rights, compared to the price of coal and coke, affect the optimal biomass pre-processing (pyrolysis) and injection rate.
1076. Kinetics and mechanism of substitution at the central carbon atom of tri-p-nitrophenylmethyl chloride in glacial and aqueous acetic acid (1961)

S. Patai and J. Zabicky, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 5479 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610005479
Lithium beam Zeeman spectroscopy diagnostic development (abstract) (1985)

A local magnetic field diagnostic, based on the Zeeman splitting of lithium atoms is under development at Los Alamos. A modified duoPIGatron ion source1 is used in conjunction with an 80-kV accelerator to produce a high-density atomic lithium beam, permitting access to plasmas with a wide range of parameters. Detection of the Zeeman pattern in the plasma will be enhanced by the use of a dye laser, either using fluorescence or intracavity absorption (ICA). While the sensitivity of resonance fluorescence is well known, that of ICA is less well understood where short time scales are involved. Experiments to study the time/concentration trade-offs in ICA have been performed on lithium vapor, and show that the sensitivity of ICA is at least equal to that of fluorescence (assuming a dark background), under conditions of submillisecond detection times. ICA is also 103 times more sensitive than single-pass absorption under these conditions. Optimization of the atomic beam and integration with the dye laser systems are in progress.
Lung Cancer Ablation: Technologies and Techniques (2013)

The incidence of lung cancers in 2012 is estimated to reach 226,160 new cases, with only a third of patients suitable surgical candidates. Tumor ablation has emerged as an important and efficacious treatment option for nonsurgical lung cancer patients. This localized minimally invasive therapy is best suited for small oligonodular lesions or favorably located metastatic tumors. Radiofrequency ablation has been in use for over a decade, and newer modalities including microwave ablation, cryoablation, and irreversible electroporation have emerged as additional treatment options for patients. Ablation therapies can offer patients and clinicians a repeatable and effective therapy for palliation and, in some cases, cure of thoracic malignancies. This article discusses the available technologies and techniques available for tumor ablation of thoracic malignancies including patient selection, basic aspects of procedure technique, imaging follow-up, treatment outcomes, and comparisons between various therapies.
P805 Adherence to Mediterranean diet is associated with decreased faecal calprotectin in patients after pouch surgery (2018)

Mediterranean diet (MED) is associated with health benefits in several chronic diseases, yet scarce data exist regarding the role of MED in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Here we aimed to evaluate the association between MED and clinical, inflammatory and microbial parameters in patients with IBD after pouch surgery. Consecutive patients after pouch surgery were recruited at a comprehensive pouch clinic. Diet was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires. Adherence to MED was calculated according to MED score, ranging from 0 (low adherence) to 9 (high adherence). Pouch behaviour was assessed clinically and defined as normal pouch or pouchitis based on Pouchitis Disease Activity Index (PDAI). Blood and fecal samples were collected and assessed for C- reactive protein (CRP), fecal calprotectin and microbial composition using 16S rRNA pyro-sequencing. We recruited 153 patients (male gender: 47%; mean age: 45.9 ± 14 years; mean pouch age:9.5 ± 7 years). Of those 54 (35.3%) had a normal pouch and 99 (64.7%) had pouchitis. There was no significant difference in MED score in patients with normal pouch compared with patients with pouchitis (4.56 ± 1.8 vs. 4.41 ± 1.7, p = 0.63). MED score was comparable in patients with CRP <5 mg/l compared with patients with elevated CRP (4.6 ± 1.8 vs.4.4 ± 1.6, p = 0.28). However, patients with fecal calprotectin < 200 μg/g had significantly higher MED score compared with patients with elevated fecal calprotectin (4.8 ± 1.8 vs. 4.07 ± 1.7, p = 0.02). Microbial analysis indicated that patients who highly adhered to MED (MED score >5) had higher abundance of the genera: Streptococcus, Clostridium and SMB53. Adherence to MED is associated with decreased fecal calprotectin and with changes in microbial composition in patients with IBD after pouch surgery, thus MED may have a role in modifying inflammation in IBD. Interventional studies testing this hypothesis are ongoing.
OFDM‐based adaptive modulation systems with a multilevel transmit power control for high‐bit‐rate transmission (2002)

Abstract In the OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) adaptive modulation system, the method of modulation of each subcarrier is adaptively controlled. It is a useful system for wide‐band transmission, since a high transmission rate can be realized in a limited bandwidth. There is also a method that suppresses the transmit power by control, in order to handle increasing transmit power in a wide‐band system. A problem arises, however, in a frequency‐selective fading environment, in which the received power of each subcarrier varies with time, which results in unnecessary transmit power consumption. This paper proposes to apply multilevel transmit power control in which the transmit power is independently controlled for each subcarrier, so that each modulation method satisfies the BER requirement for the number of modulation levels selected for each subcarrier. In the proposed system, the transmit power which remains after achieving the required quality is effectively assigned to other subcarriers. Then, by selecting a larger number of modulation levels, a higher transmission rate is realized in a limited band. The transmission performance of the proposed system is evaluated by computer simulation, and it is verified that the transmission rate is greatly improved. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(11): 34–43, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10000
Visual parsing : an aid to text understanding (1991)

Conventional layout and typographical information present in documents provide important visual cues for understanding documents. Documents of various types have a wide range of formatting. Computers can make use of this information when anyzing documents in the form of images. In this case layout and typographical cues are available to aid in the analysis. We describe an approach based upon modelling human visual cognition to analyze layout and typesetting in bit-mapped images of documents
A novel architecture of 600 kDa bacterial citrate lyase complex (2014)

Citrate lyase activity exists in eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea and plays a central role in cellular energy metabolism. There are two types of citrate lyases, ATP-dependent and ATP-independent. The latter, which exists only in bacteria, converts citrate to acetate and oxaloacetate using a two-step reaction catalyzed by a stable heterotrimeric protein complex comprising alpha-beta-gamma subunits. We selected three bacterial genomes in which the alpha-beta-gamma subunits of citrate lyase are all encoded on the chromosome in a continuous, co-cistronic geometry. The genes encoding the entire complex were subsequently amplified together using a single PCR reaction on genomic DNA. This approach enabled the entire citrate lyase complex from three organisms to be purified to homogeneity using a single step of Ni-NTA chromatography followed by gel-filtration chromatography. One of the three citrate lyase complexes purified yielded crystals diffracting to 4 Å. Six-fold non-crystallographic symmetry averaging enabled a high quality structure to be determined for the 18-subunit alpha-beta-gamma citrate lyase complex. This structure provides insight into the multistep catalytic mechanism employed by this enzyme.
LOOP SPACE AND EVOLUTION OF THE LIGHT-LIKE WILSON POLYGONS (2012)

We address a connection between the energy evolution of the polygonal light-like Wilson exponentials and the geometry of the loop space with the gauge invariant Wilson loops of a variety of shapes being the fundamental degrees of freedom. The renormalization properties and the differential area evolution of these Wilson polygons are studied by making use of the universal Schwinger quantum dynamical approach. We discuss the appropriateness of the dynamical differential equations in the loop space to the study of the energy evolution of the collinear and transverse-momentum dependent parton distribution functions.
Thermally induced evolution of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (2013)

The thermally induced structural evolution of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) films was investigated in situ by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for annealing temperatures up to 500 °C. A model for the conversion of sp3- to sp2-hybridized carbon in a-C:H vs. temperature and time was developed and applied to determine the ranges of activation energies for the thermally activated processes occurring. The energies are consistent with ordering and clustering of sp2 carbon, scission of sp3 carbon-hydrogen bonds and formation of sp2 carbon, and direct transformation of sp3- to sp2-hybridized carbon.
Effect of Aging and Concentration on the Attractancy of Proteinaceous Materials to Hippelates Gnats1 (1960)

Aerobic fermentation at 88°±2° F. was found to liberate the attractant principle, at various rates and time-intervals of aging, from various materials exposed and tested in the eye-gnat olfactometer. Fresh preparations of these materials manifested little or no activity. Attractancy of Staley's Corn Protein Bait No. 7 was highest at the end of a 19-day test period; of Staley's Corn Protein Bait No. 2, on the 13th day; of lactalbumin peptone, lactalbumin hydrolysate, and Edamin, on the second day; of autolyzed yeast, brewers yeast, and partially hydrolyzed yeast, on the third, fourth, and seventh day, respectively. Egg albumen was highly attractant around the fourth day of aging, whole egg and egg yolk on the tenth and the sixth day, respectively, though the peak attractancy of the last two to Milichiella sp. was indicated around the second day. Homogenates of fresh Hippelates collusor and Musca domestica were also attractants for eye gnats, but dried H. collusor homogenized into water showed no appreciable attractancy. With lactalbumin peptone and whole egg, there was a steady increase in the capture of eye gnats as the concentration of the materials was increased; but with autolyzed yeast this was true only for concentrations up to the 0.5% level.
Al, Al–N alloy, and AlN-coated steel corrosion behavior in O2-free KCl solutions (1988)

Al, Al–N alloy cermet, and AlN films were grown on 1008 steel substrates using reactive sputter deposition. Corrosion rates of the steel+coating composite in an O2-free 0.2M KCl electrolyte were measured under conditions of cathodic polarization. The results show that an AlN coating lowered the corrosion rate of steel by over an order of magnitude. However, the corrosion rate was enhanced and under certain conditions exceeded that of steel when Al–N alloy cermet and Al coatings were used. This phenomenon was explained in terms of a reactive porous electrode model.
Vinyl polymerization. XVI. Effect of dimethylaniline on rate of polymerization of vinyl monomers initiated by 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (1956)

Abstract A study has been made of the effect of dimethylaniline on the polymerization of styrene, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, vinyl chloride, and acrylonitrile initiated by 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile at 50°C. It was found that the rate of polymerization decreased with addition of dimethylaniline, but the rate of decomposition of 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile remained constant. The chain transfer constants for the polymerization of these monomers were determined according to Mayo's equation. It was observed that the values of the chain transfer constant for dimethylaniline were proportional to those of the retardation by the latter. From these results, it is assumed that the decrease in rate of polymerization by addition of dimethylaniline is due to the chain transfer reaction.
Nitric oxide generation from hydroxylamine in the presence of neutrophils and in the cell-free system (2001)

Conversion of hydroxylamine (HA) to nitric oxide (NO) has been studied in the presence or absence of human neutrophils with or without myristate acetate phorbol (PMA), catalase (CAT), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors. The generation of NO from HA in the presence of neutrophils was higher than in the cell-free system. We found that catalase did not influence the nitrite generation from HA in the cell-free system and in the presence of neutrophils. The H2O2 enhanced the NO generation from HA in the presence of neutrophils only. When catalase and H2O2 were added together, a high increase of NO generation from HA in both systems was observed. The addition of SOD decreased whereas addition of PMA enhanced the NO generation from HA in the presence of neutrophils. The presented data show the possible role of oxygen radicals in the decomposition of HA to NO. The addition of NOS inhibitors to the culture of neutrophils decreased the generation of nitrite from HA. Our results suggest that NO generation from HA, which is an intermediate in NO production from L-arginine, may be supported by an enzymatic pathway in which cellular NO synthase is involved.
Effects of ALT-801, a GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist, in a translational mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (2022)

Body weight loss of ≥ 10% improves the metabolic derangements and liver disease in the majority of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients, suggesting metabolic modulators may be effective in controlling disease. The pharmacodynamics of ALT-801, a GLP-1/glucagon receptor dual agonist optimized for NASH and weight loss, were compared to semaglutide (GLP-1 receptor agonist) and elafibranor (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, PPAR-α/δ, agonist) in a biopsy-confirmed, diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model of NASH (DIO-NASH). Male C57BL/6J mice were fed Amylin Liver NASH (AMLN) diet for 32 weeks. Animals with biopsy-confirmed steatosis and fibrosis received ALT-801, semaglutide, elafibranor, or vehicle daily for 12 weeks while maintained on the AMLN diet. Study endpoints included body and liver weight, liver and plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides, plasma aminotransferases, histological analysis of liver steatosis, inflammation (galectin-3) and fibrosis (collagen type 1 alpha 1), and evaluation of individual animal changes in composite Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Activity Score (NAS), and fibrosis stage. ALT-801 demonstrated significant reductions in body weight (approx. 25%), plasma aminotransferases, plasma total cholesterol and liver triglycerides/total cholesterol in conjunction with improved liver steatosis, with greater reductions (p < 0.05) compared to semaglutide and elafibranor. ALT-801 significantly reduced the inflammation marker galectin-3 and the fibrosis marker collagen type 1 alpha 1 vs. vehicle (p < 0.05), with ALT-801 producing greater reductions in galectin-3 vs. elafibranor (p < 0.05). Importantly, all animals treated with ALT-801 significantly improved composite NAS compared to the active controls. This study provides evidence for a potential role for ALT-801 in the therapeutic treatment of NASH.
Segmenting Cutaneous Wounds from Tissue Sections and In Vivo Images using Deep Learning (2020)

Convolutional neural networks were used to accurately segment both H&E-stained tissue sections and in vivo autofluorescence images of skin wounds, which enabled automated, quantitative analysis of a variety of wound features.
The genotoxic potential of retroviral vectors is strongly modulated by vector design and integration site selection in a mouse model of HSC gene therapy (2009)

gamma-Retroviral vectors (gammaRVs), which are commonly used in gene therapy, can trigger oncogenesis by insertional mutagenesis. Here, we have dissected the contribution of vector design and viral integration site selection (ISS) to oncogenesis using an in vivo genotoxicity assay based on transplantation of vector-transduced tumor-prone mouse hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. By swapping genetic elements between gammaRV and lentiviral vectors (LVs), we have demonstrated that transcriptionally active long terminal repeats (LTRs) are major determinants of genotoxicity even when reconstituted in LVs and that self-inactivating (SIN) LTRs enhance the safety of gammaRVs. By comparing the genotoxicity of vectors with matched active LTRs, we were able to determine that substantially greater LV integration loads are required to approach the same oncogenic risk as gammaRVs. This difference in facilitating oncogenesis is likely to be explained by the observed preferential targeting of cancer genes by gammaRVs. This integration-site bias was intrinsic to gammaRVs, as it was also observed for SIN gammaRVs that lacked genotoxicity in our model. Our findings strongly support the use of SIN viral vector platforms and show that ISS can substantially modulate genotoxicity.
Effect of Temperature on the Toxicities of Ten Pyrethroids to German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) (1991)

Of 10 pyrethroids tested by topical application of male German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), d-phenothrin was the least toxic at 19, 26, or 31 degrees C. lambda-cyhalothrin was most toxic. Pyrethroids with the alpha-cyano moiety (fluvalinate, fenvalerate, cypermethrin, esfenvalerate, tralomethrin, cyfluthrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin) were more toxic than those without this functional group (d-phenothrin, resmethrin, and permethrin). At LC50, toxicity was negatively related to temperature. Temperature-toxicity responses of five of seven alpha-cyano pyrethroids were parallel, possibly indicating qualitatively identical but quantitatively different levels of detoxification enzymes.