gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation d’écoulements liquides sur des surfaces solides pour l’animation en synthèse d’images (2008)

Dans le domaine de la synthese d’images ou une branche se focalise sur la reproduction du reel par ordinateur, les phenomenes naturels (tels que le vent, l’ocean, le feu et la fumee) occupent une place importante dus a leurs omnipresences dans la nature et donc dans la vie de tous les jours. Le phenomene des gouttes n’est pas exempt de cet interet, ces faibles quantites de liquide se manifestant au quotidien sous diverses formes (la rose��e, la pluie, jet de douche, chute d’un glacon dans une cocktail etc. ). En depit de la faible echelle a laquelle ce phenomene intervient, le phenomene des gouttes ne peut etre neglige en synthese d’images si perception, photo-realisme ou immersion est de rigueur. Un flot de gouttes se comporte de fa¸con etonnamment complexe, la forme ainsi que le mouvement adoptes par une une goutte etant riches en possibilites et souvent decrit comme difficilement previsible. Dans le cadre de cette these, deux methodes pour l’animation de gouttes en synthese d’images ont ete explorees. Afin de cerner au mieux le phenomene des gouttes et recenser ses caracteristiques predominantes d’un point de vue phenomenologique, une etude physique prealable (succincte pour un physicien mais suffisante pour l’infographiste) a ete necessaire. A partir de la comprehension du phenomene au sens de la physique ainsi que de l’analyse de precedentes methodes en relation avec la simulation d’un flot de gouttes pour la synthese d’images, des limitations ont pu etre degagees pour donner lieu au developpement de deux methodes distinctes conceptuellement et dans leur interet. La premiere methode est une methode empirique temps-reel pour l’animation de faibles ecoulements liquides evoluant sur une surface plane. La principale motivation derriere cette methode a ete le niveau de performance, qui en consequence nous a amene a effectuer des choix quant au degre de complexite de de completude de la prise en compte du phenomene. Cette approche est destinee a integrer des applications plus generales ou les performances priment sur le realisme comme c’est le cas dans un simulateur de conduite ou dans un jeu video. Afin de simuler de fa¸con plus convaincante et realiste le phenomene des gouttes, une seconde methode basee physique a ete exploree. Comme il est generalement le cas en synthese d’images, ce type d’approche permet d’obtenir des resultats de grandes qualites mais en temps differe du a leurs complexites. En s’inspirant des travaux du domaine de la physique numerique (fortement actif et d’interets varies) tout en partant d’une analyse rigoureuse de l’unique methode basee physique pour l’animation de gouttes sur des surfaces en synthese d’images, on propose dans cette seconde methode de lever certaines limitations en rapport tant avec les complexites calculatoire et memoires qu’avec la justesse phenomenologique des resultats visuels. On clˆoturera ce manuscrit en presentant les perspectives qu’ont engendrees le developpement de ces deux methodes respectives en presentant de futurs pistes de recherche.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile by E test. (1999)

The in vitro inhibitory activity of 11 antimicrobials against 44 clinical isolates of Clostridium difficile was investigated. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using E test. Metronidazole (MIC90 0.38 microg/mL), teicoplanin (MIC90 0.75 microg/mL) and vancomycin (MIC90 1.0 microg/mL) were very active against the isolates examined, whereas, resistance to imipenem, cefoxitin, clindamycin and ciprofloxacin was found in most of the tested strains. We concluded that teicoplanin warrants clinical trials to determine its adequate dosage to treat C. difficile infection. The commonly used regimens to treat intra-abdominal and/or anaerobic infections (eg. imipenem, cefoxitin, clindamycin or ciprofloxacin) need special attention, while considering the side effects of C. difficile-associated diarrhea.
Developments in the Implementation of Acoustic Droplet Ejection for Protein Crystallography (2015)

Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) enables crystallization experiments at the low-nanoliter scale, resulting in rapid vapor diffusion equilibration dynamics and efficient reagent usage in the empirical discovery of structure-enabling protein crystallization conditions. We extend our validation of this technology applied to the diverse physicochemical property space of aqueous crystallization reagents where dynamic fluid analysis coupled to ADE aids in accurate and precise dispensations. Addition of crystallization seed stocks, chemical additives, or small-molecule ligands effectively modulates crystallization, and we here provide examples in optimization of crystal morphology and diffraction quality by the acoustic delivery of ultra-small volumes of these cofactors. Additional applications are discussed, including set up of in situ proteolysis and alternate geometries of crystallization that leverage the small scale afforded by acoustic delivery. Finally, we describe parameters of a system of automation in which the acoustic liquid handler is integrated with a robotic arm, plate centrifuge, peeler, sealer, and stacks, which allows unattended high-throughput crystallization experimentation.
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL NICKEL(II) HYDROXIDE OBTAINED BY SOFT CHEMISTRY (1985)

Abstract Als neue Varietät wurde ein kristallisiertes hydratisiertes Ni‐hydroxid als sog. a ‐Ni(OH)3 ‐0.75 H 2 O (I) durch softchemische Reaktionen (Austausch und Reduktion) aus NaNiOz erhalten.
Novel implantable miniaturized circular microstrip antenna for biomedical telemetry (2015)

This paper proposes an implantable miniaturized circular microstrip antenna for biomedical telemetry, operating in the Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band ranging from 2.4 GHz to 2.48 GHz. Several techniques are used to increase the current path of the circular microstrip antenna achieving a significant size reduction. These techniques include stacked patches, slotted patches, and grounded lower patch. The simulation of the proposed circular microstrip antenna is carried using HFSS. An overall size reduction down to 14.73 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> is achieved along with a return loss |S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> | of -39.2 dB at the desired resonant frequency of 2.476 GHz. The proposed antenna design is compared to previous designs showing significant improvement in terms of antenna size and return loss reduction.
Effects of Radiation on The Capacity of The Stem Cell Compartment to Differentiate into Granulocytic and Erythrocytic Progeny (1969)

Abstract Different methods have been used to measure the survival following radiation of the hematopoietic stem cell pool. Two of these systems measure the stem cell pool by its ability to proliferate and differentiate into mature progeny. In both methods, irradiated recipient mice receive syngeneic bone marrow. A period of time is allowed for the transplanted progenitor cells to divide and differentiate, and then the progeny produced are assayed. Ability to form red blood cells is assessed by the amount of radioactive iron incorporated into newly-formed erythrocytes. Capacity for granulocyte formation is measured by peripheral white blood cell counts following endotoxin stimulation. This latter is a granulocyte response and has been shown to be a measure of the marrow granulocyte reserve. The pool as measured by its ability to produce erythrocytic progeny appears to be more sensitive initially than as measured by its ability to produce granulocytic progeny. Erythropoietic repopulating ability begins recovery more promptly than the granulopoietic. These effects appear to be due to the host milieu rather than any direct effect of radiation on the stem cells, resulting in initial conservation of granulopoiesis relative to erythropoiesis with subsequent compensatory recovery of erythropoiesis. Because of recent evidence suggesting a common stem cell, these results are interpreted as consistent with the notion that radiation affects not only stem cell proliferation, but also the direction and extent of differentiation.
Virtual Screening against Highly Charged Active Sites:  Identifying Substrates of Alpha−Beta Barrel Enzymes (2005)

We have developed a virtual ligand screening method designed to help assign enzymatic function for alpha-beta barrel proteins. We dock a library of approximately 19,000 known metabolites against the active site and attempt to identify the relevant substrate based on predicted relative binding free energies. These energies are computed using a physics-based energy function based on an all-atom force field (OPLS-AA) and a generalized Born implicit solvent model. We evaluate the ability of this method to identify the known substrates of several members of the enolase superfamily of enzymes, including both holo and apo structures (11 total). The active sites of these enzymes contain numerous charged groups (lysines, carboxylates, histidines, and one or more metal ions) and thus provide a challenge for most docking scoring functions, which treat electrostatics and solvation in a highly approximate manner. Using the physics-based scoring procedure, the known substrate is ranked within the top 6% of the database in all cases, and in 8 of 11 cases, it is ranked within the top 1%. Moreover, the top-ranked ligands are strongly enriched in compounds with high chemical similarity to the substrate (e.g., different substitution patterns on a similar scaffold). These results suggest that our method can be used, in conjunction with other information including genomic context and known metabolic pathways, to suggest possible substrates or classes of substrates for experimental testing. More broadly, the physics-based scoring method performs well on highly charged binding sites and is likely to be useful in inhibitor docking against polar binding sites as well. The method is fast (<1 min per ligand), due largely to an efficient minimization algorithm based on the truncated Newton method, and thus, it can be applied to thousands of ligands within a few hours on a small Linux cluster.
CANTHARIDIN. A STEREOSPECIFIC TOTAL SYNTHESIS (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCANTHARIDIN. A STEREOSPECIFIC TOTAL SYNTHESISGilbert Stork, Eugene E. VAN Tamelen, Leonard J. Friedman, and Albert W. BurgstahlerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 9, 4501Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01153a552https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01153a552research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1012Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mossbauer Measurements at Milli-Kelvin Temperature Region (Commemoration Issue Dedicated to Professor Toshio TAKADA On the Occasion of His Retirement) (1986)

Mossbauer measurementsat extremely low temperatures have been carried out by using a 3He dilution refrigerator.Due to the nuclear polarization, the Mossbauer spectrum became asymmetric and the temperature of the 57Fe absorber was estimated to be 5 mk.KEY WORDS: 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy/ Low
Expression of p33ING1 mRNA and chemosensitivity in brain tumor cells. (2003)

Our results suggest that p33ING1 mRNA levels may be used to predict the chemosensitivity of brain tumor cells to vincristine.
Kinetic study of the hydration reaction of 2-, 3-, and 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic study of the hydration reaction of 2-, 3-, and 4-pyridinecarboxaldehydeS. Cabani, P. Gianni, and E. MatteoliCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1972, 76, 21, 2959–2966Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100665a006https://doi.org/10.1021/j100665a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Adaptive Stress Testing: Finding Failure Events with Reinforcement Learning (2018)

Finding the most likely path to a set of failure states is important to the analysis of safety-critical systems that operate over a sequence of time steps, such as aircraft collision avoidance systems and autonomous cars. In many applications such as autonomous driving, failures cannot be completely eliminated due to the complex stochastic environment in which the system operates. As a result, safety validation is not only concerned about whether a failure can occur, but also discovering which failures are most likely to occur. This article presents adaptive stress testing (AST), a framework for finding the most likely path to a failure event in simulation. We consider a general black box setting for partially observable and continuous-valued systems operating in an environment with stochastic disturbances. We formulate the problem as a Markov decision process and use reinforcement learning to optimize it. The approach is simulation-based and does not require internal knowledge of the system, making it suitable for black-box testing of large systems. We present formulations for fully observable and partially observable systems. In the latter case, we present a modified Monte Carlo tree search algorithm that only requires access to the pseudorandom number generator of the simulator to overcome partial observability. We also present an extension of the framework, called differential adaptive stress testing (DAST), that can find failures that occur in one system but not in another. This type of differential analysis is useful in applications such as regression testing, where we are concerned with finding areas of relative weakness compared to a baseline. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach on an aircraft collision avoidance application, where a prototype aircraft collision avoidance system is stress tested to find the most likely scenarios of near mid-air collision.
Recent Progress in Electrochemical pH-Sensing Materials and Configurations for Biomedical Applications (2019)

pH-sensing materials and configurations are rapidly evolving toward exciting new applications, especially those in biomedical applications. In this review, we highlight rapid progress in electrochemical pH sensors over the past decade (2008-2018) with an emphasis on key considerations, such as materials selection, system configurations, and testing protocols. In addition to recent progress in optical pH sensors, our main focus in this review is on electromechanical pH sensors due to their significant advances, especially in biomedical applications. We summarize developments of electrochemical pH sensors that by virtue of their optimized material chemistries (from metal oxides to polymers) and geometrical features (from thin films to quantum dots) enable their adoption in biomedical applications. We further present an overview of necessary sensing standards and protocols. Standards ensure the establishment of consistent protocols, facilitating collective understanding of results and building on the current state. Furthermore, they enable objective benchmarking of various pH-sensing reports, materials, and systems, which is critical for the overall progression and development of the field. Additionally, we list critical issues in recent literary reporting and suggest various methods for objective benchmarking. pH regulation in the human body and state-of-the-art pH sensors (from ex vivo to in vivo) are compared for suitability in biomedical applications. We conclude our review by (i) identifying challenges that need to be overcome in electrochemical pH sensing and (ii) providing an outlook on future research along with insights, in which the integration of various pH sensors with advanced electronics can provide a new platform for the development of novel technologies for disease diagnostics and prevention.
Provenance of e-Science Experiments - Experience from Bioinformatics (2003)

Like experiments performed at a laboratory bench, the data associated with an e-Science experiment are of reduced value if other scientists are not able to identify the origin, or provenance, of those data. Provenance information is essential if experiments are to be validated and verified by others, or even by those who originally performed them. In this article, we give an overview of our initial work on the provenance of bioinformatics e-Science experiments within myGrid. We use two kinds of provenance: the derivation path of information and annotation. We show how this kind of provenance can be delivered within the myGrid demonstrator WorkBench and we explore how the resulting Webs of experimental data holdings can be mined for useful information and presentations for the e-Scientist.
Nature and Consequences of Biological Reductionism for the Immunological Study of Infectious Diseases (2017)

Evolution has conserved "economic" systems that perform many functions, faster or better, with less. For example, three to five leukocyte types protect from thousands of pathogens. To achieve so much with so little, biological systems combine their limited elements, creating complex structures. Yet, the prevalent research paradigm is reductionist. Focusing on infectious diseases, reductionist and non-reductionist views are here described. The literature indicates that reductionism is associated with information loss and errors, while non-reductionist operations can extract more information from the same data. When designed to capture one-to-many/many-to-one interactions-including the use of arrows that connect pairs of consecutive observations-non-reductionist (spatial-temporal) constructs eliminate data variability from all dimensions, except along one line, while arrows describe the directionality of temporal changes that occur along the line. To validate the patterns detected by non-reductionist operations, reductionist procedures are needed. Integrated (non-reductionist and reductionist) methods can (i) distinguish data subsets that differ immunologically and statistically; (ii) differentiate false-negative from -positive errors; (iii) discriminate disease stages; (iv) capture <i>in vivo</i>, multilevel interactions that consider the patient, the microbe, and antibiotic-mediated responses; and (v) assess dynamics. Integrated methods provide repeatable and biologically interpretable information.
Formation of ectomycorrhizae on <i>Pinus</i><i>taeda</i> seedlings exposed to simulated acidic rain (1985)

Effects of simulated acidic rain on formation of ectomycorrhizae were studied with Pinustaeda seedlings grown in plastic trays in a greenhouse. Trays of ectomycorrhizal seedlings were exposed 37 times over 16 weeks to simulated rains adjusted to pH 5.6, 4.0, 3.2, or 2.4. After exposures, mean percentages of short roots that were mycorrhizal (%M) were greatest (62.2%) for seedlings exposed to rains of pH 2.4. Values of %M exhibited a quadratic relationship with rain acidity (%M = 146.49 − 48.96 (rain pH) + 5.68 (rain pH) 2 ). Values of R/S (root/shoot ratio) were negatively correlated (P < 0.01) with %M. Responses of ecetomycorrhiza formation and associated shoot growth to acidity of simulated rains suggest that rains of intermediate acidity (pH 4.0 and 3.2) inhibited ectomycorrhiza formation, or that increased soil acidity or other factors induced by rains at pH 2.4 enhanced ectomycorrhiza formation.
Recent developments using the Paris-Edinburgh cell for neutron diffraction at high pressure and high temperature (2002)

Neutron diffraction is a powerful tool of high pressure research and in many ways can be considered to be complementary to X-rays for crystallographic experiments. The special features of neutron diffraction include its sensitivity to hydrogen (deuterium) and other common light atoms, its contrast for atoms having similar atomic weights, and its sensitivity to magnetic order. However, despite these advantages, neutron diffraction has been much less used than Xray scattering for high pressure studies because until recently, large sample volumes were required and the maximal attainable pressures were limited to ~2 GPa. These limitations were overcome in 1992 with the advent of the Paris-Edinburgh cell which allows structural studies by neutron diffraction at pressure up to 30 GPa. In this talk, I will give an introduction to high pressure neutron diffraction techniques with a strong emphasis on recent developments, in particular the new design of a cell assembly with internal heating which enables neutron diffraction to be performed at simultaneous high temperatures and pressures (8 GPa, 2000 K). A novel non-invasive neutron radiographic method to measure the temperature of the sample in the high-P/T cell will be also presented. I will illustrate the potential of these methods for fundamental Solid State Physics, Planetology and Earth Sciences by presenting some structural studies on a variety of materials under pressure. Finally, future developments and improvements will be reviewed.
Bombesin Recovers Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue and Preserves Immunity to Bacterial Pneumonia in Mice Receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition (2000)

The results demonstrate that BBS reverses TPN-induced changes in GALT and preserves mucosal immunity. Ps immunization reduces the death rate in a gram-negative pneumonia model and maintains gastrointestinal and respiratory immunity in Ps immune mice receiving IV TPN.