gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation interférentielle et calculateur analogique pour un spectromètre interférentiel (1958)

On passe en revue le travail effectué à l'Université Johns Hopkins sur la modulation interférentielle et la spectroscopie dans l'infra-rouge lointain ; on décrit l'état d'avancement d'un calculateur analogique qui transforme directement les données bolométriques en intensités spectrales. Notre nouvel interféromètre, maintenant en construction, sera rapidement décrit, en mettant l'accent sur les parties qui ont été séparément essayées.
<i>WISP-1</i> is a Wnt-1- and β-catenin-responsive oncogene (2000)

WISP-1 (Wnt-1 induced secreted protein 1) is a member of the CCN family of growth factors. This study identifies WISP-1 as a β-catenin-regulated gene that can contribute to tumorigenesis. The promoter of WISP-1 was cloned and shown to be activated by both Wnt-1 and β-catenin expression. TCF/LEF sites played a minor role, whereas the CREB site played an important role in this transcriptional activation. WISP-1 demonstrated oncogenic activities; overexpression of WISP-1 in normal rat kidney fibroblast cells (NRK-49F) induced morphological transformation, accelerated cell growth, and enhanced saturation density. Although these cells did not acquire anchorage-independent growth in soft agar, they readily formed tumors in nude mice, suggesting that appropriate cellular attachment is important for signaling oncogenic events downstream of WISP-1 .
State knowledge representation in the Mission Data System (2003)

The possible states of a system, be it a spacecraft, rover or ground station, are what system engineers identify and specify, what software engineers design for, and what operators monitor and control. Many activities inside mission software are directly concerned with state, whether planning it, estimating it, controlling it, reporting it or simulating it. The cause of several mission failures can be traced to inadequate or inconsistent representations of state. Consequently, the concept of 'state' and its representation occupy a prominent role in mission software architecture. The Mission Data System (MDS), presently under development by NASA to provide multi-mission flight and ground software for the next generation of deep space systems, addresses this fundamental need. This paper describes the MDS approach to state knowledge representation, covering state variables, state functions, state estimates and state constraints, emphasizing design patterns that reduce sources of human error.
Occurrence, Shape, and Dimensions of Large Surface Hemimicelles Made of Semifluorinated Alkanes. Elongated versus Circular Hemimicelles. Pit- and Tip-Centered Hemimicelles (2005)

The formation of large (approximately 20-35 nm) surface hemimicelles in monolayers of semifluorinated alkanes, C(n)F(2)(n)(+1)C(m)H(2)(m)(+1) (FnHm), observed after transfer onto silicon wafers, is a general phenomenon. F6H16 and F8H14 exclusively form highly monodisperse circular hemimicelles, organized in a hexagonal array. The other FnHm investigated form both circular and elongated hemimicelles. The longer FnHm is, the larger the area fraction of elongated micelles; both the hydrocarbon block (H-block) and the fluorocarbon block (F-block) affect this area fraction. The length of the elongated micelles increases with the total length of the diblocks. The diameter of the circular micelles increases with the length of the H-block but, unexpectedly, not with that of the F-block. Model calculations account for these observations. Close examination of the circular micelles showed that they generally present a pit or a tip at their center. The width of the elongated micelles is comparable to the radius of the circular micelles, suggesting that the latter arise from a partition of elongated micelles, followed by coalescence of the edges of the resulting fragments. The elongated micelles become shorter and fewer when surface pressure increases, further suggesting a conversion of elongated into circular micelles. This conversion is reversible. The surface pressure-molecular area isotherms do not present any feature that forebears the existence of hemimicelles. The obtaining of stable surface patterns from simple, "nonpolar" molecular fluorocarbon/hydrocarbon diblocks opens a new approach for producing featured nanostructures from organic templates.
Post-publication sharing of data and tools (2009)

Despite existing guidelines on access to data and bioresources, good practice is not widespread. A meeting of mouse researchers in Rome proposes ways to promote a culture of sharing.
The Conical Catalytic Converter-Potential for Improvement of Catalytic Effectiveness (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The development of the S-designed metallic catalytic converter and the flexibility of its production paved the <b>way for</b> the first conical converter with continuous cell enlargement. This type of conical converter, installed upstream from a standard catalytic conversion system exerts a positive influence on flow distribution and converter efficiency, both during the cold start and under <b>operating</b> conditions. The study results outlined in the following text demonstrate the potential for increased <b>catalytic</b> effectiveness, taking the example of the <b>close-</b>coupled application.</div>
Control of the inhomogeneity degree by magnetic dilution in crystals of antiferromagnetic molecular rings (2008)

Employing the electron spin in solid-state qubits is considered a promising method for quantum information processing. In this context, we present a microwave spectroscopic study on magnetically dilute crystals of ${\text{Fe}}_{18}$ antiferromagnetic molecular rings. Doping with ${\text{Ga}}^{3+}$, at concentrations ranging from 0.5% down to 0.005%, results in magnetic ${\text{Fe}}_{17}\text{Ga}$ $(S=5/2)$ molecules dispersed throughout the lattice, with 2--8 nm average intermolecular separation. The results reveal a significant decrease in the degree of inhomogeneity of the system, hinting at a controlled reduction in decoherence mechanisms inherent to an ensemble of anisotropic molecular magnets while maintaining the crystalline order.
Selected abstracts (1958)

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Spectrophotometric Analysis of Isomerized α-Acids (2002)

Most of the isomerized and reduced hop extracts being used to bitter beer today, such as iso-α-acids, rho-iso-α-acids, tetrahydro-iso-α-acids, and hexahydro-iso-α-acids, are formulated and sold based on spectrophotometric analysis. Isomerized and reduced α-acids absorb ultraviolet and visible light, making quantitative analysis by spectrophotometric analysis a simple and accurate tool. Although these hop products have been in use for over 30 years, there have been no published procedures for measuring their concentration by spectrophotometric analysis. This article presents a simple and convenient spectrophotometric test method to measure the concentrations of isomerized and reduced α-acids in alkaline methanol.
Hierarchical Structure of Astronomical Objects in the Cosmic String Scheme (1999)

The hierarchical structure of astronomical objects is investigated in the cosmic string scheme with cold dark matter (CDM). A non-linear dark matter potential is formed in the crossing site of three wakes triggered at around <it>z</it><inf>i</inf> by moving strings. If we use this scheme, the mass and radius of formed CDM objects increase gradually as <it>M</it> ∝ (1+<it>z</it>)−3 and <it>R</it> ∝ (1+<it>z</it>)−2, and objects triggered at <it>z</it><inf>i</inf> &sime; 104, 105 and 106 grow to become objects corresponding to clusters of galaxies, galaxies and dwarf galaxies, respectively. The number densities of these objects <it>n</it>(<it>z</it><inf>i</inf>) are related to the size <it>l</it>(<it>z</it><inf>i</inf>, <it>z</it>) as <it>n</it>(<it>z</it><inf>i</inf>) ∝ 1/<it>l</it>(<it>z</it><inf>i</inf>, <it>z</it>)3, where <it>l</it>(<it>z</it><inf>i</inf>, <it>z</it>) is the horizon size of the stage <it>z</it><inf>i</inf> observed at <it>z</it>. One of the interesting points of this scheme is that smaller objects are gradually accreted into larger ones. For example, dwarf galaxies have been mostly accreted into galaxies at the present. Galaxies are still now accumulating toward clusters of galaxies, and consequently many of accreted galaxies are found as E or SO type galaxies there. In the future, or possibly even at the present time, clusters of galaxies will be accreted into superclusters of galaxies triggered at <it>z</it><inf>i</inf> &sime;103. Heating through the accumulation of baryonic matter in the CDM gravitational potential is also investigated and it is found that their heating is not sufficient to reionize the universe before <it>z</it>&sime;5. Therefore some other heating sources or mechanisms are required. However, heating through the accumulation of baryonic matter could explain the X-ray properties of clusters of galaxies.
Formation of Optical and Plasma Filaments by Short, Intense, Finite Quality Laser Pulses (2005)

Summary form only given. The nonlinear properties of materials such as fused silica, air, and water can significantly affect the propagation of short, intense laser pulses. Self-focusing, ionization and filamentation of the laser pulse can take place. In addition, the propagation of the laser pulse is affected by a number of other processes including laser quality (M-squared), turbulence, and the arrangement of optical elements (e.g., tilted lenses) in the propagation path. Using the fully 3-D, time-dependent, nonlinear NRL propagation code HELCAP, we analyze the formation of optical and plasma filaments in the presence of these processes. In particular, we present results for laser pulses of finite quality passing through lenses of arbitrary orientation and propagation through a turbulent medium
ChemInform Abstract: 8‐AZA‐THEOPHYLLIN UND SEINE DERIVATE ALS CORONARVASODILATATOREN (1971)

Abstract 8‐Azotheophyllin (I) liefert mit Chloressigester (IIa) in Gegenwart von Alka; das Substitutionsprodukt (IIIa), mit Chloracetamid (IIb) entsteht (IIIb).
High-efficiency, high-power, OPO-based RGB source (2001)

Summary form only given. We are developing a red-green-blue (RGB) laser-based source for projection display systems. Our design concept is to employ a high-pulse-rate, frequency-doubled Nd-doped solid state laser as the pump for a near infrared optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The OPO provides output at signal and idler wavelengths in the 900- and 1250-nm wavelength regions, respectively, which are doubled to provide blue and red wavelengths ideally suited for projection systems. The unused pump power provides the green wavelength. In this paper we report the latest results in scaling up the power of our RGB OPO to the multi-Watt level.
Alternative Goals and Uncertainty in the Theory of the Firm (1979)

The neoclassical theory of the firm and, in particular, its underlying assumption that firms maximize profit has long been the subject of criticism and modification. These modifications, in large part, have involved respecifications which attempt to reflect more accurately the realities under which firms operate. One might usefully delineate two types of alterations. The first recognizes that the decision-makers in the firm may attempt to maximize a utility function which contains goals other than, or at least in addition to, profit. Various authors have considered a range of alternative goals including revenue [4; 8; 14], leisure [24], growth [5; 6; 10; 16], and organizational slack [26].1 The second modification builds on the observation that real world de-
The importance of troponin I in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the postoperative of coronary artery bypass graft surgery Importância da troponina I no diagnóstico do infarto do miocárdio no pós-operatório de cirurgia de revascularização (2009)

Objective: The aim of this study is to establish a cut-off value for troponin I by correlating it to occurrence of postoperative myocardial infarction. Methods: 180 consecutive patients with coronary disease referred for surgery were included. The mean age of the patients were 60.6 (±9.3) years, with 119 (66.1%) males and 61 (33.9%) females. The patients were divided into two groups: group without myocardial infarction (A) - 170 patients - and with myocardial infarction (B) – 10 patients.The troponin I was collected from each patient at the beginning of anesthesia and on the second postoperative day by correlating it to presence or not of postoperative myocardial infarction. StatsDirect 1.6.0 for Windows was used for statistical analysis. Results: Preoperative troponin I was 1.0 (±6) ng/ml as mean. Univariate logistic regression showed correlation of
Metal-semiconductor transition and structural change in (BEDT-TTF<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>(<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">ClO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1994)

A metal-semiconductor transition at ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$=170.4 K in a two-dimensional organic metal, (BEDT-TTF${)}_{3}$(${\mathrm{ClO}}_{4}$${)}_{2}$, was investigated by means of ESR, resistivities, specific heats, and x-ray diffractions. The specific heats show a \ensuremath{\lambda}-type anomaly at ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ with a second-order nature and a large entropy change range of 3 J/K mol. In addition to the H/D isotope effects on ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$, x-ray diffraction suggests the development of an intermolecular interaction network between the ethylene groups of BEDT-TTF molecules and ${\mathrm{ClO}}_{4}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ anions below ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$. These experimental findings demonstrate that the three-dimensional structural rearrangement, which is closely correlated to the development of the intermolecular interaction network, plays an important role in the metal-semiconductor transition.
Clinical Profile of Eprosartan: A Different Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (2008)

Rationale. The goal of antihypertensive treatment is to reduce risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Apart from blood pressure lowering per se, also reducing the activities of the renin-angiotensin system and sympathetic nervous system appears to be important. Angiotensin II receptor blocker drugs (ARBs) have provided a useful class of anti-hypertensive drugs. Eprosartan is a relatively new ARB which is chemically distinct (non-biphenyl, non-tetrazole) from all other ARBs (biphenyl tetrazoles). An analysis has been made on available experimental and clinical data on eprosartan which not only is an effective and well tolerated antihypertensive agent, but also lowers the activities of the renin-angiotensin system and sympathetic nervous system. Experimental and pharmacokinetic studies on eprosartan have shown differences with the other ARBs. The distinct properties of this non-biphenyl, non-tetrazole ARB might be relevant in the effort to reduce cardiovascular risk, also beyond its blood pressure lowering capacity.
Life Expectancy for the Statue of Liberty (1990)

Over the course of the recently completed restoration of the Statue of Liberty, programs were implemented to determine the lifetime compatibility of the new armature bar system with the copper skin and to project the life expectancy of that skin. Numerous measurements were obtained and weathering characteristics tested. The culmination of this work includes a body of data that not only projects an assumed life span, but has added also to the understanding of the processes by which the life span is altered. Presented will be the results of this study including a description of the methods involved, tables representing the data collected, and the expectations for the future.
Oxidative polymerization and partial dechlorination of 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol by a mixture of peroxidase isozymes from Vaccinium myrtillus (2001)

Plant peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7) catalyze the oxidation of phenolic pollutants in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. In the present study, extracellular peroxidases from Vaccinium myrtillus cell suspension cultures (VMP) were evaluated for their ability to polymerize 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), a ubiquitous environmental contaminant. The effect of pH, temperature, reaction time, enzyme amount and initial pollutant concentration on the treatment efficiency was investigated in order to optimize the reaction conditions for TCP removal. An appreciable removal efficiency and a partial dehalogenation of TCP was observed over a wide range of initial pollutant concentrations (0.1–20 mmol dm−3) and reaction conditions suggesting that VMP could be useful for potential decontamination applications. The use of polyethylene glycol in the reaction mixture allowed a reduction of the catalyst requirements needed to obtain well defined extents of TCP removal. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Correction to “Tough Coating Proteins: Subtle Sequence Variation Modulates Cohesion” (2015)

Figure 3. pH dependence of Fe 3+ -mediated cohesion between two symmetric mfp-1 (Mc) films.Representative force vs distance plot showing the interaction between two symmetric mfp-1 (Mc) films deposited at 50 g/mL in 0.1 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.5, 0.25 M KNO 3 , and 1 mM bistris with C Fe 3+ = 0 (gray) and 10 M (blue) at pH 5.5.The cohesion between the mfp-1 (Mc) films was preserved after increasing the pH to 7.5 (magenta).(b) Representative force vs distance plot showing the interaction between two symmetric mfp-1 (Me) films deposited at 20 g/mL in 0.1 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.5, 0.25 M KNO 3 , and 1 mM bis-tris with C Fe 3+ = 0 (gray) and 10 M (blue) at pH 5.5.The surfaces showed a weak bridging cohesion (W c < 0.2 mJ/m 2 ) after increasing the pH to 7.5 (magenta).It should be noted that C Fe 3+ is the concentration of ferric cation in the bulk solution between the surfaces.Flushing with buffer at pH 7.5 removes iron from the bulk solution, however, to the extent that the preadsorbed protein films already had some bound Fe 3+ , the Dopa-Fe 3+ complexes will be present in them.
Del daño ecológico a la defensa del medio ambiente. (2009)

Local choroidal flow has been measured using hydrogen (H2) clearance polarography in dog eyes in vivo and in vitro. The accuracy and reproducibility of the method was checked in the eye in vitro by demonstrating a linear relationship between flow measurements obtained by an absolute method and those obtained by the H2 clearance technique. The H2 electrode was placed through a scleral window and its current response to a bolus injection of H2-saturated saline into a proximal artery was measured. The clearance of H2 from the choroidal circulation in vitro was monoexponential and the reproducibility of the measurements at the same site and in the same eye was good. In vivo the technique was used to measure alterations in local choroidal blood flow produced by acute changes of intraocular pressure. A linear relationship between perfusion pressure and choroidal blood flow was obtained. H2 clearance polarography is shown to be an accurate and reproducible method for determining choroidal flow, with the advantage that localized repeated measurements of flow can be made.
200mW yellow laser based on a diode-pumped Nd/sup 3+/: KGd(WO/sub 4/)/sub 2/ Raman resonator (2006)

In this paper, we report 0.2 W yellow output from a transversely diode-pumped self-stimulating Nd:KGW Raman laser. The optical efficiency from the diode to yellow output was 3.3 %. This value is the highest, to the best of our knowledge, obtained by diode-pumped, self-stimulating Raman lasers.
Solution of electromagnetic transients by wavelet expansion in the time domain (2002)

This paper presents a new numerical method far the solution of linear Maxwell's equations in the time domain avoiding the conventional time stepping techniques. The spatial unknowns derived from a conventional spatial discretization, ie, FEM (finite element method) or FD (finite difference), of Maxwell's equations are expanded in the time domain by wavelets on the interval. This choice yields a new arrangement of the unknowns into a matrix (instead of the usual vector) and transforms the differential equations in time in an algebraic system of Lyapunov type for which memory requirements are nearly the same as that of the spatial unknowns and that gives the time evolution of the space quantities with better accuracy and lower CPU time resources than conventional stepping techniques.
Woofer - Tweeter Control Algorithm for the Gemini Planet Imager (2007)

The Gemini Planet Imager requires two deformable mirrors: the woofer and the tweeter. This paper shows that command splitting computational efficiency greatly improves if moved from the tweeter command space to the Fourier domain.