gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atomic structure of the CdS(112¯0) surface: A dynamical analysis of low-energy electron-diffraction intensities (1991)

A determination of the atomic geometry of the CdS(112\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}0) surface by dynamical analysis of measured low-energy (35\ensuremath{\le}E\ensuremath{\le}250 eV) electron-diffraction (LEED) intensities is reported. The analysis is performed on the average of two data sets, each of which includes fifteen diffracted beams. Intensities are measured from two different CdS surfaces cleaved in ultrahigh vacuum and cooled below 50 K. The measurements are made using a fast LEED data-acquisition system. The scattered intensities are calculated using a relativistic, energy-dependent Hara-exchange electron--ion-core potential. The search for the best-fit structure is conducted with a combination of the x-ray R factor and integrated-intensity R factor. The best description of the experimental intensities by the calculated ones is obtained for a structure characterized by a bond-length-conserving relaxation of the surface Cd-S-Cd and S-Cd-S triplets by an angle \ensuremath{\omega}=30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} followed by a 0.1 \AA{} contraction of the first layer toward the bulk. This structure is in quantitative agreement with predictions based on total-energy-minimization calculations for this surface.
Expression of the Subtype 2 Angiotensin (AT<sub>2</sub>) Receptor Protein in Rat Kidney (1997)

In situ hybridization studies have suggested that the subtype 2 angiotensin (AT2) receptor gene is expressed in fetal and newborn rat kidney but is undetectable in the adult animals. In the present study, we investigated the expression of AT2 receptor protein in the fetal (days 14 and 19 of fetal life), newborn (day 1 postpartum), and adult (4-week-old and 3-month-old) rat kidney. Polyclonal anti-peptide antiserum was raised against the amino terminus of the native AT2 receptor. The selectivity of the antiserum was validated by recognition of the AT2 receptor in a stably transfected COS-7 cell line by Western blot and immunocytochemical analysis. As a positive control, the AT2 receptor signal was detected strongly in the adrenal gland. Positive immunohistochemical staining was observed in the mesenchymal cells and ureteric buds of the 14-day fetal kidney and in the glomeruli, tubules, and vessels in the 19-day fetal and newborn kidney. Glomeruli expressing the AT2 receptor were localized mainly in the outer layer of the renal cortex. In the young (4-week-old) and mature (3-month-old) adult rat on normal sodium intake, renal AT2 receptor immunoreactivity was present in glomeruli but substantially diminished compared with that of newborn rats. In both young and mature adult rats, dietary sodium depletion increased the renal AT2 receptor signal, mainly in the glomeruli and interstitial cells. Preimmune and preadsorption controls were negative. Western blot analysis detected a single 44-kD band in the fetal and newborn rat kidney and in the young and mature adult rat kidney. Dietary sodium depletion increased the density of the AT2 receptor band in mature adult rat kidneys. These data provide evidence that the AT2 receptor protein is expressed in the fetal and newborn rat kidney, diminishes in adult life, and is reexpressed in the adult in response to sodium depletion.
In situ methods of measurement—an important line of evidence in the environmental risk framework (2007)

A tiered framework provides a structured approach to assess and manage risk and underpins much of the legislation concerning chemicals and environmental management. Management decisions regarding appropriate controls can have high cost implications to the regulated community. The risk framework provides an evidence-based approach to reduce uncertainty in decision making. Traditional assessment is heavily dependent on laboratory-generated toxicity test data and estimations of exposure and effect. Despite many well documented demonstrations of in situ methodologies, they are rarely used by regulators to help improve assessment or to validate risk. Emerging legislation puts greater emphasis on environmental outcomes and represents a significant shift from the reliance on chemical measures alone toward biological responses that improve assessment and demonstrate ecological benefit. Diagnostic methods, that could include in situ-based measures, will help assess and manage environments failing to achieve good status and it is likely that a weight of evidence approach will be needed to help inform management decisions. The potential application of such measures in the risk framework is reviewed in the context of current and emerging legislation concerning chemicals. Effect measures on the basis of in situ methods provide an alternative line of evidence and can help reduce uncertainty in decision making. Criteria are presented to help select appropriate methods in a multiple-line, weight of evidence approach.
Evaluation of Localization Algorithms (2009)

This chapter introduces a methodological approach to the evaluation of localization algorithms. The chapter contains a discussion of evaluation criteria and performance metrics followed by statistical/ empirical simulation models and parameters that affect the performance of the algorithms and hence their assessment. Two contrasting localization studies are presented and compared with reference to the evaluation criteria discussed throughout the chapter. The chapter concludes with a localization algorithm development cycle overview: from simulation to real deployment. The authors argue that algorithms should be simulated, emulated (on test beds or with empirical data sets) and subsequently implemented in hardware, in a realistic Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) deployment environment, as a complete test of their performance. It is hypothesised that establishing a common development and evaluation cycle for localization algorithms among researchers will lead to more realistic results and viable comparisons.
ChemInform Abstract: Ln(AuAl<sub>2</sub>)<sub>n</sub>Al<sub>2</sub> (Au<sub>x</sub>Si<sub>1‐x</sub>)<sub>2</sub>: A New Homologous Series of Quaternary Intermetallics Grown from Aluminum Flux. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesen durch Michael‐Addition von Pyridiniumsalzen (1962)

Abstract Durch Michael‐Addition der aktiven Methylengruppe in Pyridiniumsalzen an geeignete Acceptor‐Verbindungen lassen sich in einfacher Arbeitsweise und mit meist guten Ausbeuten α‐Pyridone, substituierte Pyridine, speziell auch Pyridincarbonsäuren und Pyridylpyridine, darunter das Tabak‐Nebenalkaloid Nicotellin, Pyridine mit ankondensierten Ringen und – über die Addukte der Michael‐Addition hinweg – polycyclische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, z. B. substituierte Fluoranthene und„Bisfluoranthene”︁, sowie durch „innere Michael‐Addition”︁ Pyrrolino‐pyridiniumsalze darstellen. – Die Michael‐Addition von Pyridiniumsalzen an Chinone führt etwa zu phenacyl‐substituierten Chinonen, die Benzofurane und Cinnoline leicht zugänglich machen.
Interdisciplinary core curriculum based on engineering systems (2003)

This work-in-progress report describes the development aid refinement of a triad of interdisciplinary engineering core courses based on systems analysis. Interdisciplinary courses in lumped and distributed systems, involving primarily electrical and mechanical systems with additional treatment of thermal and fluid systems, have had a long history in Dartmouth's engineering science curriculum. We are an interdisciplinary group of engineering and applied science faculty engaged in a curriculum development project to increase the multidisciplinary span of these courses to include chemical, computer, materials, and biological systems, approached from lumped, distributed and discrete systems viewpoints. This paper describes the challenges we have been experiencing in developing and teaching an introductory, interdisciplinary curriculum of this type, together with the perspectives of some of the Dartmouth students who learn engineering from a broad systems approach.
Technical Note6: Computerized inventory of test articles in toxicology (1985)

"Technical Note6: Computerized inventory of test articles in toxicology." Medical Informatics, 10(2), pp. 183–184
The role of viscosity in TATB hot spot ignition (2012)

The role of dissipative effects, such as viscosity, in the ignition of high explosive pores is investigated using a coupled chemical, thermal, and hydrodynamic model. Chemical reactions are tracked with the Cheetah thermochemical code coupled to the ALE3D hydrodynamic code. We perform molecular dynamics simulations to determine the viscosity of liquid TATB. We also analyze shock wave experiments to obtain an estimate for the shock viscosity of TATB. Using the lower bound liquid-like viscosities, we find that the pore collapse is hydrodynamic in nature. Using the upper bound viscosity from shock wave experiments, we find that the pore collapse is closest to the viscous limit.
Mechanical Stability and Interfacial Diffusion in Thermally-Aged Organic Solar Cells (2016)

International audience
Breaking Out of Local Optima with Count Transforms and Model Recombination: A Study in Grammar Induction (2013)

Many statistical learning problems in NLP call for local model search methods.But accuracy tends to suffer with current techniques, which often explore either too narrowly or too broadly: hill-climbers can get stuck in local optima, whereas samplers may be inefficient.We propose to arrange individual local optimizers into organized networks.Our building blocks are operators of two types: (i) transform, which suggests new places to search, via non-random restarts from already-found local optima; and (ii) join, which merges candidate solutions to find better optima.Experiments on grammar induction show that pursuing different transforms (e.g., discarding parts of a learned model or ignoring portions of training data) results in improvements.Groups of locally-optimal solutions can be further perturbed jointly, by constructing mixtures.Using these tools, we designed several modular dependency grammar induction networks of increasing complexity.Our complete system achieves 48.6% accuracy (directed dependency macro-average over all 19 languages in the 2006/7 CoNLL data) -more than 5% higher than the previous state-of-the-art.
Determination of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>39</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">K</mml:mi></mml:math>scattering lengths using photoassociation spectroscopy of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>−</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math>state (1999)

Threshold scattering properties of ${}^{39}\mathrm{K}$ atoms are extracted from a line-shape analysis of photoassociation data. Specifically, we consider the rovibrational levels ${(v}^{\ensuremath{'}}=0--6)$ populated in the photoassociation process $\mathrm{K}(4S)+\mathrm{K}(4S)+\ensuremath{\Elzxh}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\omega}}{\mathrm{K}}_{2}^{*}[{0}_{g}^{\ensuremath{-}}{(v}^{\ensuremath{'}}{,J}^{\ensuremath{'}})].$ The measured spectra exhibit several general trends, including large ${J}^{\ensuremath{'}}=2$ linewidths, large relative ${J}^{\ensuremath{'}}=4$ peak intensities, and odd rotational lines which are weak or missing. The even ${J}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ features signal the presence of a d-wave shape resonance in the ground-state collisions. The combination of spectral features allows us to place the following limits on the ground-state singlet and triplet scattering lengths, ${a}_{s}{=140}_{\ensuremath{-}9}^{+6}$ a.u. and ${a}_{t}=\ensuremath{-}17\ensuremath{-}{0.045(C}_{6}\ensuremath{-}{C}_{6})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}25$ a.u., ${C}_{6}=3800$ a.u.
Saw-Type Lint Cleaner Damage As Related to Saw Speed (2009)

Abstract Saw-type lint cleaners are commonly used to improve the overall quality of ginned lint by removing foreign matter and less desirable short fiber. Saw-type lint cleaners inflict damage on some good lint. The removal of foreign matter improves the leaf grade of the lint and removal of short fibers improves the mean length and overall fiber length distribution of the ginned lint while the lint damage increases the short fiber content. Reduced short fiber content and increased fiber mean length increase the value and improve the textile processing of the lint. Previous work examined the effect of individual components of the lint cleaner on the quality of the cleaned lint. This paper describes a lint cleaner which has been equipped with a variable frequency drive to allow the saw speed to be precisely controlled and easily changed, separately from the feed works. Saw speeds were able to be increased and decreased without altering the other settings of the lint cleaner. Altering the saw speed changes the interaction of the lint with the saw, as well as alters the air flow through the lint cleaner. Fiber quality was measured utilizing several techniques such as High Volume Instruments (HVI) and Advanced Fiber Information Systems (AFIS). The quality of the material ejected by the lint cleaner was also studied. The saw-type lint cleaner is an efficient cleaner and a more thorough understanding of the effect of the saw speed on fiber quality will allow for effective design improvements.
γ Radiolysis of Liquids at High Pressures. III. Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Bicarbonate (1967)

The γ radiolysis of deaerated aqueous solutions containing sodium bicarbonate and either glucose or isopropanol has been studied at ∼20° in the applied pressure range 0 to 7 kbar. For 0.05M bicarbonate and 0.036M isopropanol, G(H2) increases from 0.89 to 2.43 as applied pressure increases from 0 to 6.9 kbar. A 100-fold change (0.005–0.5M) in bicarbonate concentration has little or no effect on the pressure dependence of G(H2). Because primary yields are invariant over the pressure range studied, the results are interpreted in terms of an effect of pressure on the competition between Reactions [2] and [3]eaq−+CO2→CO2−,eaq−+HCO3−→H+CO32−,with Reaction [3] followed by Reaction [4]H+RH→R+H2.Such an interpretation gives a difference in activation volumes of Reactions [2] and [3] as ΔV2‡—ΔV3‡≈18.4 ml mole−1 and a specific rate k30≈6×105M−1· sec−1 at atmospheric pressure. Assumption that Reaction [2] is diffusion controlled permits estimation of ΔV2‡≈1.6 ml mole−1, from the pressure dependence of water viscosity. Thus, ΔV3‡≈−16.8 ml mole−1. The latter value, in turn, yields an estimate of V̄(eaq−) in the range −10.9 to −6.5 ml mole−1 relative to V̄(H+)=0. Use of an absolute value of V̄0(H+)=−5.4 ml mole−1 gives an absolute value of V̄0(eaq−) in the range −5.5 to −1.1 ml mole−1. Approximate equality of the values for V̄0 of the electron and of the proton is consistent with their having a negligible intrinsic volume and approximately equal electrostriction volumes.
Jump Resonance in Fractional Order Circuits (2018)

The occurrence of an hysteretic loop in the frequency response of a driven nonlinear system is a phenomenon deeply investigated in nonlinear control theory. Such a phenomenon, which is linked to the multistable behavior of the system, is called jump resonance, since the magnitude of the frequency response is subjected to an abrupt jump up/down with respect to the increasing/decreasing of the frequency of the driving signal. In this paper, we aim at investigating fractional order nonlinear systems showing jump resonance, that is systems in which the order of the derivative is noninteger and their frequency response has a magnitude that is a multivalued function in a given range of frequencies. Furthermore, a strategy for designing fractional order systems showing jump resonance is presented along with the procedure to design and implement an analog circuit based on the approximation of the fractional order derivative. An extensive numerical analysis allows one to assess that the phenomenon is robust to the difference in the derivative order, enlightening the first example of a system with order lower than two which is able to demonstrate a jump resonance behavior.
Robots Show Us How to Teach Them: Feedback from Robots Shapes Tutoring Behavior during Action Learning (2014)

Robot learning by imitation requires the detection of a tutor's action demonstration and its relevant parts. Current approaches implicitly assume a unidirectional transfer of knowledge from tutor to learner. The presented work challenges this predominant assumption based on an extensive user study with an autonomously interacting robot. We show that by providing feedback, a robot learner influences the human tutor's movement demonstrations in the process of action learning. We argue that the robot's feedback strongly shapes how tutors signal what is relevant to an action and thus advocate a paradigm shift in robot action learning research toward truly interactive systems learning in and benefiting from interaction.
Dd34e Dna Transposable Elements of Mosquitoes: Whole-Genome Survey, Evolution, and Transposition (2007)

Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements capable of replicating and spreading within, and in some cases, between genomes. I describe a whole-genome analysis of DD34E TEs, which belong to the IS630-Tc1-mariner superfamily of DNA transposable elements, in the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Twenty-six new transposons as well as a new family, gambol, were identified. The gambol family shares the DD34E catalytic motif with Tc1-DD34E transposons, but is distinct from these elements in their phylogenetic relationships. Although gambol appears to be related to a few DD34E transposons from cyanobacteria and fungi, no gambol elements have been reported in any other insects or animals thus far. This discovery expands the already expansive diversity of the IS630-Tc1-mariner TEs, and raises interesting questions as to the origin of gambol elements and their apparent diversity in An. gambiae. Several DD34E transposons discovered in An. gambiae possess characteristics that are associated with recent transposition, such as high sequence identity between copies, and intact terminal-inverted repeats and open reading frames. One such element, AgTango, was also found in a distantly related mosquito species, Aedes aegypti, at high amino acid sequence identity (79.9%). It was discovered that Tango transposons have patchy distribution among twelve mosquito species surveyed using PCR as well as genomic searches, suggesting a possible case for horizontal transfer. Additionally, it was discovered that in some mosquito genomes, there are several Tango transposons. These observations suggest differential evolutionary scenarios and/or TE-host interaction of Tango elements between mosquito species. This strengthened the case that AgTango may be a functional transposase, and I sought to test its potential activity in a cell culture-based inter-plasmid transposition assay using the Herves plasmids as a positive control (Arensburger et al., 2005). AgTango constructs were successfully constructed; however, no transposition events were detected for Tango or Herves. Because the positive control failed to work, no assessment can be made concerning Tango's transposase. Possible causes and solutions for these results, alternative means to detect transposition, as well as future directions with Tango are discussed.
Inactivation of mu-calpain by EDTA (1998)

International audience
Atmospheric heating of meteors (1972)

A theoretical model of the radiating metallic gas produced about an iron meteor entering the earth's atmosphere is discussed. Numerical results are presented for a 0.1 cm diameter iron meteor traveling at 15 km/sec at an altitude of 100 km above the earth. It is shown that collisions between the expanding iron gas and the air molecules produce a radiating gas shell a few meters thick which is located many meters ahead of the meteor core. Temperature, pressure, and density distributions are presented as functions of radial distance and angle for several initial meteor conditions.
Polyurethanes. II. Effect of cis‐trans isomerism on properties of polyurethanes (1961)

Abstract The cis and trans isomers of 1,4‐cyclohexanediol and 1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol were reacted with methylene bis(4‐phenyl isocyanate), using solution polymerization techniques, to form the corresponding cis and trans polyurethanes. The properties shown by these polyurethanes indicate that enhanced flexibility due to inclined rotating bonds is responsible for differences in polymer melting points. The polymer chain shape, or configuration, has also been shown to influence the polymer properties. This approach has been extended to include differences in polymer solubilities, molecular weight/inherent viscosity ratios, initial modulus, and water absorption.
Association of endogenous sex hormone with C‐reactive protein levels in middle‐aged and elderly men (2007)

Endogenous total and bioavailable E2 levels are significantly associated with CRP among middle-aged and elder men.
Cherenkov Radiation Control via Self-accelerating Wave-packets (2017)

Cherenkov radiation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature. It describes electromagnetic radiation from a charged particle moving in a medium with a uniform velocity larger than the phase velocity of light in the same medium. Such a picture is typically adopted in the investigation of traditional Cherenkov radiation as well as its counterparts in different branches of physics, including nonlinear optics, spintronics and plasmonics. In these cases, the radiation emitted spreads along a "cone", making it impractical for most applications. Here, we employ a self-accelerating optical pump wave-packet to demonstrate controlled shaping of one type of generalized Cherenkov radiation - dispersive waves in optical fibers. We show that, by tuning the parameters of the wave-packet, the emitted waves can be judiciously compressed and focused at desired locations, paving the way to such control in any physical system.
Molecular Ferromagnetism : Orbital Approach and Recent Achievements (1993)

Abstract This paper is divided into two parts. First the various orbital patterns favoring a ferromagnetic interaction between molecular units are explored. Two types of mechanisms are distinguished according to whether they require or not an electron transfer between the molecular units. As far as the mechanisms requiring no electron transfer are concerned, a further distinction is made between spin delocalization and spin polarization. Each concept is illustrated by at least one example. The second part deals with a new family of molecular-based magnets of formula Mn2[Cu(opba)]3R2nL where opba stands for orthophenylenebis(oxamato), R for a monovalent cation and L for a solvent molecule. The compound Mn2[Cu(opba)]3(NBu4)2.6DMSO exhibits a spontaneous magnetization below 15 K.
Targeted Gene Modification of the Nervous System (2006)

The realization of gene therapy for the central nervous system has advanced to the realmsof clinical practice. The brain and spinal cord, once inaccessible to certain therapies, havebeen unlocked by gene therapy vectors allowing medical practitioners to target areas of thebrain in a manner never before attainable. For example, certain vectors can target tumors,replicate in those cells, and deliver toxic substances to rid the brain of cancers. Also, wecan now deliver genes to certain cell types of the brain and allow continuous gene delivery,delivering a therapeutic gene to the exact cells that are perishing in neurological disordersor injury. These discoveries have advanced the concept of gene therapy for the nervoussystem to a clinical reality.