gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
To bite or not to bite-a study of tail bits versus tail-biting (2002)

Tail bits and tail-biting are the two commonly used methods for terminating the trellis of convolutional codes. In this paper, we evaluate the relative performance of these two options by comparing their performance in a variety of cases. Suboptimal decoding algorithms for the tail-biting case are proposed. Puncturing is proposed as an alternative method to prevent the rate loss when tail bits are used. The performance of several puncturing schemes are evaluated. In addition, we explore the bit error rate of these schemes as a function of position of bits in a block.
Cytokines released from activated human macrophages induce epithelial mesenchymal transition markers of cholangiocarcinoma cells. (2012)

Stromal-epithelial interactions are important for carcinogenesis. Once cancerous lesions develop, a chronically inflamed tumor microenvironment promotes migration and invasion of tumor cells. Multiple immune cell populations are involved in inflammatory processes, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) which have been proposed as major contributors to tumor progression. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process in which epithelial cells trans-differentiate and acquire an invasive mesenchymal phenotype. As EMT represents a crucial step in disease progression, it is important to investigate the mechanisms regulating this step. We aimed to identify the profiles of cytokines produced by activated human macrophages and to demonstrate effects on the expression of EMT-related genes in human cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell lines. Our results showed that LPS-activated macrophages produced and secreted IL4, IL6, IL10, TNF-α and TGF-β1. After addition of macrophage conditioning media to CCA cells, expression of epithelial markers E-cadherin and CK-19 was significantly reduced, whereas the expression of mesenchymal markers, S100A4 and MMP9 was strongly induced. Taken together, various cytokines secreted by activated macrophages could induce EMT by altering the expression of EMT-related genes in CCA.
Can a fibrillar interface be stronger and tougher than a non-fibrillar one? (2005)

Elasticity analysis and finite element simulations are carried out to study the strength of an elastic fibrillar interface. The fibrils are assumed to be in perfect contact with a rigid substrate. The adhesive interaction between the fibrils and the substrate is modelled by the Dugdale-Barenblatt model (DB). The condition for a fibrillar interface to be stronger than a non-fibrillar one is obtained for two regimes: (i) small fibril or flaw insensitive regime; (ii) large fibril or flaw sensitive regime. The transition between the two regimes is characterized by a dimensionless parameter that incorporates the material constants of the elastic fibrils and interfacial properties. The condition for a fibrillar interface to be tougher is also given. Lateral collapse is found to be detrimental to the strength and toughness of a fibrillar interface.
Advertising keyword suggestion based on concept hierarchy (2008)

The increasing growth of the World Wide Web constantly enlarges the revenue generated by search engine advertising. Advertisers bid on keywords associated with their products to display their ads on the search result pages. Keyword suggestion methods are proposed to fill the gap between the keywords chosen by advertisers and the popular queries, through finding new relevant keywords according to some statistical information (for example, the keyword co-occurrence). However, there is little effort taking semantic information, such as concept hierarchy, into account. In this paper, we propose a novel keyword suggestion method that fully exploits the semantic knowledge among concept hierarchy. Given a keyword, we first match it with some relevant concepts. Then the relevant concepts are used with their hierarchy to fertilize the meanings of the keywords. Finally new keywords are suggested according to the concept information rather than the statistical co-occurrence of the keyword itself. Experimental results show that our proposed method can successfully provide suggestion that meets the accuracy and coverage requirements
Campaign Monitoring of Railroad Bridges in High-Speed Rail Shared Corridors using Wireless Smart Sensors (2015)

This research project used wireless smart sensors to develop a cost-effective and practical portable structural health monitoring system for railroad bridges in North America. The system is designed for periodic deployment rather than as a permanent installation to enable campaign-style bridge response monitoring under in-service conditions. This research project measured bridge responses from a 310 feet long steel truss bridge using wireless sensors and developed a finite element (FE) model to obtain global bridge responses under varied train loads and speeds. Additionally, this project developed a new simple beam model that predicts critical speeds and resonances based on train traffic properties. The results from this pilot project provide a technological foundation to develop campaign monitoring sensor technology as an important tool with which to manage railroad bridge assets.
Self-consistent molecular orbital methods 25. Supplementary functions for Gaussian basis sets (1984)

Standard sets of supplementary diffuse s and p functions, multiple polarization functions (double and triple sets of d functions), and higher angular momentum polarization functions (f functions) are defined for use with the 6-31G and 6-311G basis sets. Preliminary applications of the modified basis sets to the calculation of the bond energy and hydrogenation energy of N2 illustrate that these functions can be very important in the accurate computation of reaction energies.
Hydrogenated soy ethyl ester (HySEE) from ethanol and waste vegetable oil (1995)

Biodiesel is gaining recognition in the United States as a renewable fuel which may be used as an alternative to diesel fuel without any modifications to the engine. Currently the cost of this fuel is the factor that limits its use. One way to reduce the cost of biodiesel is to use a less expensive form of vegetable oil such as waste oil from a processing plant. These operations use mainly hydrogenated soybean oil, some tallow and some Canola as their frying oils. It is estimated that there are several million pounds of waste vegetable oil from these operations. Additional waste frying oil is available from smaller processors, off-grade oil seeds and restaurants. This paper reports on developing a process to produce the first 945 liters (250 gallons) of HySEE using recipes developed at the University of Idaho; fuel characterization tests on the HySEE according to the ASAE proposed Engineering Practice for Testing of Fuels from Biological Materials, X552; short term injector coking tests and performance tests in a turbocharged, DI, CI engine; and a 300 hour screening test in a single cylinder, IDI, CI engine.
良知的维度和历史的意识——“王者之尊”田世信主题雕塑展 (2009)

2009年11月11日,由邓平祥策划的＂王者之尊＂田世信主题雕塑展在今日美术馆开幕。田世信早期的作品因浓郁的乡土气息感人至深。独特的艺术家气质,令他在淳朴的贵州山人中发现和表现那些能唤起自身激情和创作灵感的形象与情景。
A current review of empirical procedures of remote sensing in inland and near-coastal transitional waters (2011)

The empirical approach of remote sensing has a proven capability to provide timely and accurate information on inland and near-coastal transitional waters. This article gives a thorough review of empirical algorithms for quantitatively estimating a variety of parameters from space-borne, airborne and in situ remote sensors in inland and transitional waters, including chlorophyll-a, total suspended solids, Secchi disk depth (z SD), turbidity, absorption by coloured dissolved organic matter (a CDOM) and other parameters, for example, phycocyanin. Current remote-sensing instruments are also reviewed. The theoretical basis of the empirical algorithms is given using fundamental bio-optical theory of the inherent optical properties (IOPs). Bands, band ratios and band arithmetic algorithms that could be used to produce common biogeophysical products for inland/transitional waters are identified. The article discusses the potential role that empirical algorithms could play alongside more advanced model-based algorithms in the future of water remote sensing, especially for near real-time operational monitoring systems. The article aims to describe the current status of empirical remote sensing in inland and near-coastal transitional waters and provide a useful reference to workers. It does not cover ‘inversion’ algorithms.
Influence of sampling on face measuring system based on composite structured light (2009)

Human face can be rebuilt to a three-dimensional (3 D) digital profile based on an optical 3D sensing system named Composite Fourier-Transform Profilometry (CFTP) where a composite structured light will be used. To study the sampling effect during the digitization process in practical CFTP, the pectinate function and convolution theorem were introduced to discuss the potential phase errors caused by sampling the composite pattern along two orthogonal directions. The selecting criterions of sampling frequencies are derived and the results indicate that to avoid spectral aliasing, the sampling frequency along the phrase variation direction must be at least four times as the baseband and along the orthogonal direction it must be at least three times as the larger frequency of the two carrier frequencies. The practical experiment of a model face reconstruction verified the theories.
Synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acid‐enriched triglycerides by lipase‐catalyzed esterification (1998)

Abstract This paper reports on the synthesis of triglycerides by enzymatic esterification of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with glycerol. A PUFA concentrate obtained from cod liver oil was used to optimize the reaction to favor triglyceride synthesis with lipases. The type and amount of lipase and organic solvent, glycerol content, temperature, water content, and amount and time of addition of molecular sieves were studied. The optimal reaction mixture and conditions were: 9 mL hexane, 60°C, 0.5% (vol/vol) water, 1 g molecular sieves added after 24 h of reaction, glycerol/fatty acid molar ratio 1:3 and 100 mg of Novozym 435 (Novo Nordisk A/S) lipase. Under these conditions, an enriched triglyceride yiedl of 84.7% containing 27.4% eicosapentaenoic acid and 45.1% docosahexaenoic acid was obtained from a cod liver oil PUFA concentrate.
Molecular Context of the<i>EGFR</i>Mutations: Evidence for the Activation of mTOR/S6K Signaling (2006)

Our data agree with the accumulation of EGFR mutations in a subset of patients with lung cancer. Moreover, we report EGFR gene amplification in EGFR-mutant tumors and a positive correlation between EGFR or KRAS alterations and activation of mTOR signaling.
Coordination of Autophagy and the Proteasome in Resolving Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (2010)

Macroautophagy is a cellular degradation mechanism that involves the delivery of cytosolic components (macromolecules or organelles) by the autophagosome to the lysosome for degradation. In mammalian cells, macroautophagy and the ubiquitin proteasome system are 2 major mechanisms to eliminate abnormal proteins accumulated in pathological conditions. Here, the coordination of the 2 pathways to alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress is reviewed. Also discussed is the regulatory role of macroautophagy and proteasome activity in cell survival and death, as well as the recent discoveries leading to novel strategies of simultaneous control of the proteasome and autophagy activity in anticancer treatment.
Modeling the N—N Bond-Cleavage Step in the Reduction of Molecular Nitrogen to Ammonia (1993)

Organic-substituted hydrazido(2-) complexes of molybdenum and tungsten are investigated as possible reaction analogues of the nitrogen-nitrogen bond cleavage step during the reduction of molecular nitrogen to ammonia. The reactions of [WCl2(NNR2)-(PMe2Ph)3], 1 (R = Ph) and 2 (R = Me) with HCl in CH2Cl2 produce a secondary amine (ca. 0.62 mol/mol W) and ammonia (ca. 0.20 mol/mol W). The reaction of 1 with water in CH2Cl2 produces 0.98 mol of Ph2NH and 0.30 mol of ammonia, respectively. These nitrogen balances approach those obtained in the form of ammonia from reactions of unsubstituted hydrazido(2-) complexes that are prepared directly from dinitrogen complexes. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 have been determined. Although the relative positions of the atoms and orientations of the phenyl rings are the same in 1 and 2 there are significant differences in the W-N, W-Cl and W-P bond distances.
A mismatch insensitive CMOS dynamic comparator for pipeline A/D converters (2000)

A new fully differential CMOS dynamic comparator topology suitable for pipeline A/D converters with a low stage resolution is proposed. A thorough analysis of its function and a comparison to a widely used dynamic comparator are given in this paper. The proposed topology, based on two cross coupled differential pairs and switchable current sources, has a small power and area dissipation and it is shown to be very robust against transistor mismatch.
Comparison of the hygroscopic behaviour of 205-year-old and recently cut juvenile wood from<i>Pinus sylvestris</i>L. (2006)

The hygroscopic response of the juvenile wood of Pinus sylvestris L. from recently cut trees from the Valsan Forest in Segovia, Spain (new wood) was compared to that of the juvenile wood of the same species used in roof rafters installed at the end of the eighteenth century (old wood), which came from the same forest. The 35 C isotherms were plotted using the saturated salts method, and the mathematical fit used was the GAB model. The infrared spectrums and the X-ray diffractograms were used in order to study the possible chemical variations and crystallinity indices of the cell wall. The adsorption-desorption loop of the old wood is above the loop of the new wood, although the hysteresis coefficient is higher in the old wood. The peaks corresponding to the -OH groups are similar, although the degree of crystallinity is significantly lower in the old wood. While cellulose crystallinity differs between the old and new wood, and has a major influence on wood hygroscopicity, other modifications in the amorphous components of the cell wall may have contributed to the changes in hygroscopicity between the old and new wood.
International Conference on Cosmic Rays (1964)

Towards the end of last year the 8th International conference on cosmic rays, held under the auspices of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (I.U.P.A.P.) and the Department of Atomic Energy of the Government of India, was held at Jaipur, India. Among the participants was W.O. Lock, head of CERN's Emulsion Group, who gave an invited talk on recent work in the field of what is normally known as high-energy physics — though in the context of this conference such energies seem quite low. In this article, Dr. Lock gives a general review of the conference and of the subjects discussed.
Tunable coupled-mode dispersion compensation and its application to on-chip resonant four-wave mixing (2014)

We propose and demonstrate mode coupling as a viable dispersion compensation technique for phase-matched resonant four-wave mixing (FWM). We demonstrate a dual-cavity resonant structure that employs coupling-induced frequency splitting at one of three resonances to compensate for cavity dispersion, enabling phase matching. Coupling strength is controlled by thermal tuning of one cavity enabling active tuning of the resonant frequency matching. In a fabricated silicon microresonator, we show an 8 dB enhancement of seeded FWM efficiency over the noncompensated state. The measured FWM has a peak wavelength conversion efficiency of -37.9 dB across a free spectral range (FSR) of 3.334 THz (∼27 nm), which is, to the best of our knowledge, the largest in a silicon microresonator to demonstrate FWM to date. This form of dispersion compensation can be beneficial for many devices, including wavelength converters, parametric amplifiers, and widely detuned photon-pair sources. Apart from compensating dispersion, the proposed mechanism can alternatively be utilized in an otherwise dispersionless resonator to counteract the detuning effect of self- and cross-phase modulation on the pump resonance during FWM, thereby addressing a fundamental issue in the performance of light sources such as broadband optical frequency combs.
Visual attention and object naming in humanoid robots using a bio-inspired spiking neural network (2018)

Recent advances in behavioural and computational neuroscience, cognitive robotics, and in the hardware implementation of large-scale neural networks, provide the opportunity for an accelerated understanding of brain functions and for the design of interactive robotic systems based on brain-inspired control systems. This is especially the case in the domain of action and language learning, given the significant scientific and technological developments in this field. In this work we describe how a neuroanatomically grounded spiking neural network for visual attention has been extended with a word learning capability and integrated with the iCub humanoid robot to demonstrate attention-led object naming. Experiments were carried out with both a simulated and a real iCub robot platform with successful results. The iCub robot is capable of associating a label to an object with a ‘preferred’ orientation when visual and word stimuli are presented concurrently in the scene, as well as attending to said object, thus naming it. After learning is complete, the name of the object can be recalled successfully when only the visual input is present, even when the object has been moved from its original position or when other objects are present as distractors.
Combining Visible−Near‐Infrared and Pedotransfer Functions for Parameterization of Tile Drain Flow Simulations (2019)

Core Ideas A concept was proposed to cover the absence of data on soil hydraulic properties. Effective parameterization of properties was achieved by integrating vis‐NIR and PTF. A hydrogeological model was used for simulating drainage discharge. Sensitivity analysis examined the uncertainty when varying the predicted parameters. Estimation of soil hydraulic parameters is essential when generating a hydrogeological model for simulating water flow dynamics in an agricultural field. However, estimation of the input parameters through direct measurements is time consuming and costly, and the spatial variability presents an uncertainty. Therefore, we proposed a rapid and inexpensive concept (integration of visible–near‐infrared spectroscopy [vis‐NIR] and a pedotransfer function [PTF]) to estimate hydraulic properties considering catchment scale. An existing vis‐NIR–predicted Campbell retention function was used for estimating the Campbell b parameter and the water content at −1000 cm H 2 O soil–water matric potential (log|−1000| = pF 3). A PTF was developed for predicting the saturated hydraulic conductivities using the vis‐NIR–predicted Campbell b and the effective porosity, defined as the difference in volumetric water contents at pF 0.3 and 3. The concept was evaluated by developing a hydrogeological model in HYDRUS‐2D software for simulating the tile drainage discharge from a clayey agricultural subcatchment in Denmark, using as input hydraulic parameters the output from the suggested approach. The suggested approach simulated the main attributes of the flow hydrograph with a reasonable degree of accuracy ( R 2 and RMSE values of 0.86 and 1.25 L s −1 , respectively). A sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the response of the model to changes in values of predicted parameters when predicting the drainage discharge, and it showed that small variations (<10%) would not affect the predictive ability of the model.
Advances in Detection and Identification Methods Applicable to the Brewing Industry (1993)

Several alternative techniques to 'classical' microbiological detection and /or identification of potential beer spoilage microorganisms are reviewed. In general, the major benefit of using the described techniques is a very significant time reduction (from days or even weeks, to hours or days respectively) in obtaining the assessment. In some cases, portability becomes an additional benefit, while in other cases, automation is a key factor. Not all of the techniques described are either user-friendly, inexpensive or have been optimized for utilization in a Quality Control environment. However, they do offer a glimpse into the not-too-distant future of how microbiological assessment of brewery samples will most likely be conducted.
Measurement and the evaluation of I.T. investments (2002)

The use of purely economic measures to quantify the benefits that result from an investment in IT provides an explanation as to why there is little evidence of a link between IT investment and improved business performance. The study reported in this paper explored the extent to which non-financial benefits influence IT investment decisions. A multidimensional framework of benefits and measures was validated using data from 25 projects it provides a useful model for the analysis and measurement of benefits and is not dependent on a specific process to justify IT investments. It includes operational measures which are linked to the organisation's main business drivers and these can be monitored after implementation to assist the business management make the organisational changes that are required if the full business benefits are to be achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Ag-Cu Eutectic Point as a Reference Temperature (1983)

This report presents an investigation of the eutectic point of Ag-Cu alloy (Ag-71.9wt% and Cu 28.1wt%) as a reference temperature. The melting and freezing temperatures were measured by a platinum 10% rhodium vs platinum thermocouple and a high temperature platinum resistance thermometer. The melting temperature was determined to be t68=779.46±0.02°C. On the other hand, the freezing temperature varied from 779.4 to 778.9°C, depending on the cooling rate. The mean value was t68=779.13°C which was lower than the melting temperature by 0.33°C. Changing the concentrations of silver and copper by ±2.0% of silver from the exact eutectic point, significant differences were not evident for the melting temperature. In consequence of these results, it was concluded that the Ag-Cu eutectic point (melting) can be used as a practical reference temperature.
Adaptive Characteristics of the Magnetostrictive Alloy, Terfenol-D, for Active Vibration Control (1992)

The recently developed "Giant" magnetostrictive material, Terfenol-D, has been applied to development of a new class of adaptive actuators for vibration control. Terfenol-D offers the highest strain (ΔL/L > 10 -3 ) and energy density (1.4-2.5 x 10 4 J/m 3 ) of any commercially available material.
An image processing approach for estimating the number of live prawn larvae in water (2003)

We address the problem of accurate estimation of prawn larvae numbers in small water-filled containers using image processing techniques. Images of the containers are captured from sampled video signals of a camera suspended over the containers. The images are preprocessed for noise removal and enhancement. The resulting images are then processed to estimate the number of prawn larvae with an acceptable accuracy. Our preliminary results show that estimates of prawn larvae numbers with accuracy of between 90-95% are achievable under controlled conditions. Some issues of system development and practical implementation are discussed.