gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
M Dwarfs and the Missing Mass (1977)

This is a short report on our study of the M dwarfs in the South Galactic Pole region in connection with the problem of the missing mass and the luminosity function of intrinsically faint stars. The M-type stars found in our objective prism survey with the Lembang Schmidt telescope have been studied in collaboration with Dr. D.H.P. Jones for the discrimination between dwarfs and giants. Furthermore, these stars are all observed photo-electrically in Kron’s R, I-system at La Silla, Chile. Results of the work will be published soon. A blink survey has been initiated at Nymegen using copies of red and blue Mt. Palomar Sky survey plates to find faint red stars in the S.G.P.-region. Kumar has put forward the idea that Oort’s missing mass is to be found as a large number of very low mass stars (0.01-0.07 M θ ) in the solar neighbourhood. His idea is backed up by the fact that stars within this mass range have been found by double star observers. Staller suggested that the low velocity M dwarfs found in the directions of the galactic poles represent Kumar’s very low mass stars. This proposal is ment not only for giving an answer to the problem of the missing mass but also for those problem connected with the observed small velocity dispersion (10-15 km/sec) of the low velocity M dwarfs. Staller estimated the contracting and cooling times of these stars to be about 5 x 10 8 to 10 9 years. In the lifetime of our galaxy (about 10 years) 10 to 20 generations of these low mass stars have been created and evolve to very faint degenerated black dwarfs. The mass density of these stars, in the solar neighbourhood, will be large enough to solve the problem of the missing mass. The stars we observe at present as low velocity M stars are genuinely young red stars, and their small velocity dispersion will therefore not contradict Spitzer and Schwarzschild’s mechanism for the creation of “velocity dispersion by encounters with interstellar clouds. The age of the older very faint black dwarfs is comparable to that of our galaxy. These stars should therefore have a large velocity dispersion. Staller has shown that on the average the low mass stars have a velocity dispersion larger than 21 km/sec, and therefore the whole group of low mass stars is satisfying Toomre’s stability criterion for the galactic disk, such as newly derived by Biermann.
Off-label use of maraviroc in clinical practice (2015)

Maraviroc is a first-in-class selective CCR5 antagonist only approved in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV-infection. However, sometimes, off-label prescribing is necessary. In this regard, interesting data have been obtained with maraviroc from studies using murine models. In human daily clinical practice there are many researching areas of interest where CCR5 could play an important role. Nowadays few clinical trials are evaluating maraviroc's role in non-HIV-infected patients but there are many open issues that need to be answered about CCR5 antagonists. In this article we review some of them.
Reactivity Study on Natural-Gas-Fueled Chemical-Looping Combustion by a Fixed-Bed Reactor (2002)

To develop a new technology for CO2 capture with less or even no energy penalty, we have proposed a novel combustion, which may make a breakthrough in CO2 capture by use of no special CO2 separation equipment and no energy penalty. The fundamental reaction kinetics of the solid−gas reactions in natural-gas-fueled chemical-looping combustion was examined by means of a designed and manufactured fixed-bed reactor with an elevated pressure. The solid looping media, which have not only good reactivity but also sufficient mechanical strength, are synthesized for chemical-looping combustion. NiO/NiAl2O4 and CoO−NiO/YSZ were found to be promising candidates for the medium in this combustor. Especially, NiO/NiAl2O4 had good reactivity and excellent resistance against carbon deposition in the atmosphere of H2O/CH4 = 2.0. With the development of suitable material and the selection of good reaction conditions, the valuable data for the design of a practical reactor were obtained.
ANN indoor position determination based on area correlation in WLAN environment (2009)

Indoor position determination based on artificial neural network (ANN) with area correlation is proposed in this paper. For any pattern matching based algorithm in WLAN environment, the characteristics of received signal strength (RSS) or signal to noise ratio (SNR) to multiple access points (APs) are utilized to establish radio map in the off-line phase, and in the online phase, the actual two or three dimensional coordinates of mobile terminals (MTs) are estimated based on the comparison between the new recorded RSS or SNR and fingerprints stored in radio map. Although the feed-forward ANN with three layers is sufficient to approximate any continuous function to a desired accuracy and describe any mapping relationship between input and output values, the optimal types of input vectors for different actual complex indoor environments is difficult to be determined. So in this paper, the correlation between SNR from different APs and physical area is analyzed for the purpose of establishing multiple ANN subsystems for separate sub areas. Feasibility and effectiveness of this method is verified according to the experimental comparison with K-nearest neighbor (KNN), probability and ANN methods without area division.
MONOPLOIDY IN CUCUMBERS (1958)

MONOPLOIDY IN CUCUMBERS Get access LEWIS E. AALDERS LEWIS E. AALDERS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 49, Issue 1, January 1958, Pages 41–44, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a106762 Published: 01 January 1958
Deadlock avoidance in sequential resource allocation systems with multiple resource acquisitions and flexible routings (2001)

Considers the deadlock avoidance problem for the class of conjunctive/disjunctive (sequential) resource allocation systems (C/D-RAS), which allows for multiple resource acquisitions and flexible routings. First, a siphon-based characterization for the liveness of Petri nets (PNs) modeling C/D-RAS is developed, and subsequently, this characterization facilitates the development of a polynomial-complexity deadlock avoidance policy (DAP) that is appropriate for the considered RAS class. The resulting policy is characterized as C/D-RUN. The last part of the paper exploits the aforementioned siphon-based characterization of C/D-RAS liveness, in order to develop a sufficiency condition for C/D-RAS liveness that takes the convenient form of a mixed integer programming (MIP) formulation. The availability of this MIP formulation subsequently allows the "automatic" correctness verification of any tentative C/D-RAS DAP for which the controlled system behavior remains in the class of PNs modeling C/D-RAS, and the effective flexibility enhancement of the aforementioned C/D-RUN DAP implementations. Finally, we notice that, in addition to extending and complementing the current theory on deadlock-free sequential resource allocation to the most powerful class of C/D-RAS, the presented results also (i) nontrivially generalize important concepts and techniques of ordinary PN structural analysis to the broader class of nonordinary PNs, while (ii) from a practical standpoint, they can find direct application in the (work-) flow management of modern production, service and/or transportation environments.
Biotechnology and Conservation of Plant Biodiversity (2013)

Advances in plant biotechnology provide new options for collection, multiplication and short- to long-term conservation of plant biodiversity, using in vitro culture techniques. Significant progress has been made for conserving endangered, rare, crop ornamental, medicinal and forest species, especially for non-orthodox seed and vegetatively propagated plants of temperate and tropical origin. Cell and tissue culture techniques ensure the rapid multiplication and production of plant material under aseptic conditions. Medium-term conservation by means of in vitro slow growth storage allows extending subcultures from several months to several years, depending on the species. Cryopreservation (liquid nitrogen, −196 °C) is the only technique ensuring the safe and cost-effective long-term conservation of a wide range of plant species. Cryopreservation of shoot tips is also being applied to eradicate systemic plant pathogens, a process termed cryotherapy. Slow growth storage is routinely used in many laboratories for medium-conservation of numerous plant species. Today, the large-scale, routine application of cryopreservation is still restricted to a limited number of cases. However, the number of plant species for which cryopreservation techniques are established and validated on a large range of genetically diverse accessions is increasing steadily.
Expansion of the FOV in speckle autocorrelation imaging by spatial filtering (2019)

Optical imaging through inhomogeneous media based on autocorrelations suffers from a limited field of view (FOV), since the optical memory effect (ME) of a scattering medium has its inherent angular extent. Here we successfully expand the angular ME range by exploiting a spatial filtering technique to select low-frequency components, mainly ballistic light and less scattered light, thereby increasing the FOV of the speckle autocorrelation imaging. Both a simulation and experimental verifications are presented. This technique, which is not limited to the discussed 4f structure, can provide a guideline for the design of an optical system to image through scattering media.
Interleukin‐2 induces extracellular matrix synthesis and <scp>TGF</scp>‐β2 expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells (2019)

Macular fibrosis is a vital obstacle of vision acuity improvement of age-related macular degeneration patients. This study was to investigate the effects of interleukin 2 (IL-2) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2) expression in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. 10 μg/L IL-2 was used to induce fibrosis in RPE cells for various times. Western blot was used to detect the EMT marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), ECM markers fibronectin (Fn) and type 1 collagen (COL-1), TGF-β2, and the activation of the JAK/STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, JAK/STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways were specifically blocked by WP1066 or BAY11-7082, respectively, and the expression of α-SMA, COL-1, Fn and TGF-β2 protein were detected. Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to measure cell migration ability of IL-2 with or without WP1066 or BAY11-7082. After induction of IL-2, the expressions of Fn, COL-1, TGF-β2 protein were significantly increased, and this effect was correlated with IL-2 treatment duration, while α-SMA protein expression did not change significantly. Both WP1066 and BAY11-7082 could effectively downregulate the expression of Fn, COL-1 and TGF-β2 induced by IL-2. What's more, both NF-κB and JAK/STAT3 inhibitors could suppress the activation of the other signaling pathway. Additionally, JAK/STAT3 inhibitor WP1066 and NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 could obviously decrease RPE cells migration capability induced by IL-2. IL-2 promotes cell migration, ECM synthesis and TGF-β2 expression in RPE cells via JAK/STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways, which may play an important role in proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
[Predicting human tumor-specific promoter using transcription factor binding sites]. (2004)

To predict human tumor-specific promoters using computer technology, three data sets of tumor-specific promoter sequences, transcription factor binding site sequences and non-tumor promoter sequences were collected, and the tumor-specific promoter sequences and non-tumor promoter sequences were analyzed for the comparative density of each unique transcription factor binding site. The density of each transcription factor binding site in the corresponding data set was used to derive the density ratio, from which the eigenvector was constructed to identify human tumor-specific promoters. This method proved to be highly accurate in predicting the tumor-specific promoters, with recognition rates of over 90% of the training sequences and over 80% of the testing sequences.
Physical properties of crosslinked polyurethane (1998)

Polyester based polyurethanes were synthesized from low molecular weight polyester (Mn 2000) and 4,4′-methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) with butanediol as a chain extender and glycerol as a crosslinker. The polyester was synthesized from adipic acid and glycol which was a mixture of 1,6-hexanediol and 1,2-propanediol. The effect of the crosslinker content on the degree of H-bond formation in the hard segments and the physical properties of polyurethanes were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal mechanical analysis (TMA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and mechanical testing. The experimental results revealed that incorporation of a triol crosslinker into the hard segments of polyurethane results in a decrease of hard segment H-bond formation. The mechanical data indicate that the mechanical properties of polyurethanes depend on the concentrations of physical and chemical crosslinks and that there is an optimum concentration of triol crosslinker for the tensile stress and elongation properties. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry
A universal, broad‐environment energy conversion signature of explosive cyclones (2013)

This study presents the first analysis of the Lorenz energetics associated with a global climatology of explosive cyclones. Energy budgets of the large‐scale environment are calculated for 32 year climatologies (1980–2011) of explosive cyclones within four of the most active regions in the world: the Northwest Pacific, the North Atlantic, the Southwest Pacific, and the South Atlantic. A robust signature in the Lorenz energy cycle is observed; anomalous energy conversions commence 48 h before explosive cyclone development and remain strong (i.e., significantly above background noise) for 120 h. Remarkably, the calculated signature of energy conversion is virtually identical for all four geographical regions. While the conversions imply a classic baroclinic growth cycle, they are not seen in regular cyclones that undergo a deepening of less than half that exhibited by explosive cyclones. This finding opens a new avenue of exploration of explosive storm behavior based on the large‐scale environment.
Inhibitory effects of 3-bromopyruvate in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (2015)

Tumor cells depend on aerobic glycolysis for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, which is therefore targeted by therapeutic agents. The compound 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA), a strong alkylating agent and hexokinase inhibitor, inhibits tumor cell glycolysis and the production of ATP, causing apoptosis. 3-BrPA induces apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines HNE1 and CNE-2Z, which may be related to its molecular mechanisms. In the present study, we investigated the effects of 3-BrPA on the viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis and other types of programmed cell death in NPC cells in vitro and in vivo. PI staining showed significant apoptosis in NPC cells accompanied by the overproduction of ROS and downregulation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨm) by 3-BrPA. However, the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) significantly reduced 3-BrPA-induced apoptosis by decreasing ROS and facilitating the recovery of MMP. We elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying 3-BrPA activity and found that it caused mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production, leading to necroptosis of NPC cells. We investigated the effects of the caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk, which inhibits apoptosis but promotes death domain receptor (DR)-induced NPC cell necrosis. Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) inhibits necroptosis, apparently via a DR signaling pathway and thus abrogates the effects of z-VAD‑fmk. In addition, we demonstrated the effective attenuation of 3-BrPA-induced necrotic cell death by Nec-1. Finally, animal studies proved that 3-BrPA exhibited significant antitumor activity in nude mice. The present study is the first demonstration of 3-BrPA-induced non-apoptotic necroptosis and ROS generation in NPC cells and provides potential strategies for developing agents against apoptosis‑resistant cancers.
Multi Layer Perceptron Neural Networks Decoder for LDPC Codes (2009)

A very important and near optimum group of the block codes that have been developed in direction of Shannon's theory concept, is low density parity check (LDPC) code. There have been presented different algorithms for decoding of this class of code such as maximum likelihood (ML), bit flipping (BF), a posteriori probability (APP) and sum product (SP) algorithms that the first two of them decode by hard criterion and two others decode by soft criterion. In this article, considering LDPC codes structure and taking advantage of LDPC codes demonstrated by Tanner graph, we have presented a quite new method based on multi layer perceptron (MLP) neural networks that decodes LDPC codes by soft decision manner. This method opens another new way for LDPC and even other block codes decoding. Simulation results display good performance of this method compared to other known algorithms.
Experimental analysis of millimeter wave coplanar waveguide slow wave structures on GaAs (1994)

Microwave coplanar waveguide slow wave structures suitable for use in traveling wave electrooptic modulators were experimentally investigated to 40 GHz. Velocity slowing is achieved by introducing periodic slots in the ground planes. Structures both on semiinsulating GaAs substrates and on epitaxial layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on semiinsulating GaAs substrates were examined. In the measurements the thru-reflect-line calibration method was used and its limitations are discussed. The characteristic impedance, phase velocity and loss coefficient of these lines were extracted from measured S-parameters. Effects of various dimensions on these line properties are presented and discussed. Results indicate that significant phase velocity slowing without dispersion at least up to 40 GHz is possible with this approach. This is true both on semi-insulating GaAs substrates and specially designed epitaxial layers. A design approach to achieve a specified phase velocity and characteristic impedance is given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Human Action and the Principle of Uncertainty (1971)

it may very naturally be suggested that the fact that a wide class of events has now been exempted from the network of physical causes and effects offers to the libertarian the necessary refuge from physical causality that his theory seems to require. May it not be that the undetermined character of human choices is somehow grounded in the indeterminacy of these subatomic events? Such a suggestion has often been made during the last forty years or so by scientists and philosophers who believed in the freedom of the will.20 But if it is to be more than an optimistic suggestion, it has to be spelled out in detail and given adequate empirical backing. A detailed statement of the thesis that the freedom of the will is supported by the findings of twentieth-century physics requires at least three ancillary explanations: (1) it must be explained exactly how the occurrence of unpredictable events in the atoms making up a human brain can account for the brain events which correspond to human choices, (2) it must be shown how the supposedly immaterial self or mind can connect with these unpredictable physical events so as to use them as a physical vehicle, so to speak, for translating the immaterial events that are our choices into the material bodily events that are the physical vehicles for their corresponding actions, (3) lastly, it must be shown how moral values and responsibility, which are supposed by libertarians to rest on the supposition that our wills are free, are in any way safeguarded by supposing that the brain events corresponding to our choices are spontaneous and random rather than regular and lawlike.
Flexibility of Embeddings of a Halin Graph in the Torus (2009)

在这份报纸，我们证明任何在花托嵌入一张 Halin 图(平面图的一种类型) 的脸宽度是一个，并且为在花托决定一张 Halin 图的所有 nonequivalent embeddings 的数字给一个公式。
Prophylaxis of oral mucositis associated with chemoradiotherapy for oral carcinoma by Azelastine hydrochloride (Azelastine) with other antioxidants (1994)

A regimen including Azelastine, which suppresses reactive oxygen production and stabilizes cell membranes, may be useful for the prophylaxis of mucositis due to chemoradiotherapy.
Neuropsychological Test Performance in Healthy Volunteers Before and After Donepezil Administration (2004)

Participants in early Phase I clinical trials for drugs designed to enhance cognition are typically healthy volunteers. If improvement can be detected with a battery of cognitive tests in healthy volunteers, such a battery could be a pharmacodynamic marker in the future development of the compound for treatment of cognitive disorders. In the present exploratory study, a battery of neuropsychological (NP) tests was used to determine if changes in cognition from a pharmacological intervention could be detected in healthy volunteers. A drug with known cognitive-enhancing effects in Alzheimer's disease, donepezil, was compared with placebo and no treatment arms. Carry-over effects of repeated test administration were also assessed. In this double-blind study, 27 healthy adults were randomized into one of three arms (eight donepezil, nine placebo and 10 no treatment) and completed 14 days of donepezil (5 mg q.h.s.) or placebo (q.h.s.). A battery of NP tests was administered on days 0, 7, 14 (randomization), 21, 28 (end of treatment) and 42 (washout). There were no differences in performance between the placebo and the no treatment arms. However, on day 21, subjects in the donepezil group performed slightly but significantly worse on some tests of speed, attention and memory (p < 0.05) compared to the pooled control group (placebo and no treatment arms). No improvement in performance was present while on donepezil at days 21 or 28. While the results are counter to expectations, some tests in the battery did detect a cognitive change (transient mild worsening during drug administration) in healthy volunteers.
A real-time virtual machine for task placement in loosely-coupled computer systems (2019)

Nowadays, virtualization and real-time systems are increasingly relevant. Real-time virtual machines are adequate for closely-coupled computer systems, execute tasks from associated language only and re-target tasks to the new platform at runtime. Complex systems in space, avionics, and military applications usually operate with Loosely-Coupled Computer Systems in a real-time environment for years. In this paper, a new approach is introduced to support task transfer between loosely-coupled computers in a real-time environment to add more features without software upgrading. The approach is based on automatic source code transformation into a platform-independent "Structured Byte-Code" (SBC) and a real-time virtual machine (SBC-RVM). Unlike Ordinary virtual machines which virtualize a specific processor for a specific code only, SBC-RVM transforms source code from any language with a known grammar into SBC without re-targeting the new platform. SBC-RVM executes local or placed tasks and preserving real-time constraints and adequate for Loosely-coupled computer systems.