gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-Component Systems and Structures and Their Reliability (1961)

A number of recent publications have dealt with problems of analyzing the performance of multi-component systems and evaluating their reliability. For example, a comprehensive theory of two-terminal networks was presented in [I] by Moore and Shannon who, among other results, have developed methods for obtaining highly reliable systems using components of low reliability; some of their procedures are credited to earlier work by von Neumann [2]. Several of the concepts and results of the present paper are generalizations of the corresponding concepts and results of the Moore-Shannon paper. A discussion of complex systems interpreted as Boolean functions may be found in the paper [3] by Mine. The present study deals with general classes of systems which contain two-terminal networks and most other kinds of systems considered previously as special cases, and investigates their combinatorial properties and their reliability. These classes consist, with several variants, of systems such that the more components that perform the greater the probability that the system performs. For such systems it is shown that, if each component has reliability p and the reliability of the system is denoted by h(p), then under mild additional assumptions h is an S-shaped function, i.e., its graph has the shape indicated in Fig. 3.2.4.1. Some of the consequences are these: there exists a critical value of p such that above that value the reliability of the system is greater than the reliability of a single component and below that value it is smaller; for p small the system has a reliability comparable to that of a series system, and for p large to that of a parallel system; by repeatedly iterating the system, i.e., by using replicas of the system instead of single components, one obtains systems with reliability arbitrarily close to 1 if one starts with component reliability above the critical value, but with reliability arbitrarily close to 0 if one starts below that critical value.
Relative roles of microdamage and microfracture in the mechanical behavior of trabecular bone (2001)

Compared to trabecular microfracture, the biomechanical consequences of the morphologically more subtle trabecular microdamage are unclear but potentially important because of its higher incidence. A generic three-dimensional finite element model of the trabecular bone microstructure was used to investigate the relative biomechanical roles of these damage categories on reloading elastic modulus after simulated overloads to various strain levels. Microfractures of individual trabeculae were modeled using a maximum fracture strain criterion, for three values of fracture strain (2%, 8%, and 35%). Microdamage within the trabeculae was modeled using a strain-based modulus reduction rule based on cortical bone behavior. When combining the effects of both microdamage and microfracture, the model predicted reductions in apparent modulus upon reloading of over 60% at an applied apparent strain of 2%, in excellent agreement with previously reported experimental data. According to the model, up to 80% of the trabeculae developed microdamage at 2% apparent strain, and between 2% and 10% of the trabeculae were fractured, depending on which fracture strain was assumed. If microdamage could not occur but microfracture could, good agreement with the experimental data only resulted if the trabecular hard tissue had a fracture strain of 2%. However, a high number of fractures (10% of the trabeculae) would need to occur for this case, and this has not been observed in published damage morphology studies. We conclude therefore that if the damage behavior of trabecular hard tissue is similar to that of cortical bone, then extensive microdamage is primarily responsible for the large loss in apparent mechanical properties that can occur with overloading of trabecular bone.
Universal two-step crystallization of DNA-functionalized nanoparticles (2010)

We examine the crystallization dynamics of nanoparticles reversibly tethered by DNA hybridization. We show that the crystallization happens readily only in a narrow temperature "slot," and always proceeds via a two-step process, mediated by a highly-connected amorphous intermediate. For lower temperature quenches, the dynamics of unzipping strands in the amorphous state is sufficiently slow that crystallization is kinetically hindered. This accounts for the well-documented difficulty of forming crystals in these systems. The strong parallel to the crystallization behavior of proteins and colloids suggests that these disparate systems crystallize in an apparently universal manner.
Experimental Evidence of Coherence Resonance in an Optical System (2000)

Experimental evidence of coherence resonance in an optical system is reported. We show that the regularity of the excitable pulses in the intensity of a laser diode with optical feedback increases when adding noise, up to an optimal value of the noise strength. Both phase and amplitude fluctuations of the pulses play a relevant role in the dynamics of the system. We introduce the joint entropy of the two variables to generalize the indicator of coherence, and we put in evidence the mechanism of destruction of the excitable orbit after the resonance.
Plasma exudation as a first line respiratory mucosal defence (1991)

A great variety of provocations of the airway mucosa produce extravasation of plasma from the abundant subepithelial microvessels. A plasma exudate has important actions through its volume, its specific and unspecific binding proteins, its enzyme systems, and its potent peptides (of kinin, complement, coagulation, fibrinolysis and other systems). If allowed to operate on the surface of an intact mucosa the plasma exudate would have important roles in normal airway defence. Recent observations in guinea-pig tracheobronchial airways and in human nasal airways suggest that the mucosal exudation of plasma into the airway lumen is a non-injurious fully reversible process. Threshold exudative responses thus resulted in the appearance of an 'unfiltered' plasma exudate not only in the lamina propria but also on the surface of an undisrupted mucosa. Even after extensive luminal entry of exudate the epithelial lining was intact, as judged by light, fluorescence and electron microscopy. Hence, the epithelial barrier was reversibly permeable when approached from beneath by the plasma exudate. This was a distinct increase in outward permeability, because even during the exudation of plasma the mucosa remained a barrier to luminal solutes. It is possible that the exudate itself, by a slight compressive action on the basolateral aspect of epithelial cells, creates intercellular pathways for its entry into the lumen. Contrary to current beliefs, we propose that plasma exudation should be considered a first line respiratory defence mechanism operating together with other systems of the mucosal surface.
Climate, Culture, and Consequences of Sexual Harassment in Science and Engineering [From the Editor] (2019)

Presents the introductory editorial for this issue of the publication.
Critical role of the SPAK protein kinase CCT domain in controlling blood pressure (2015)

The STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) controls blood pressure (BP) by phosphorylating and stimulating the Na-Cl (NCC) and Na-K-2Cl (NKCC2) co-transporters, which regulate salt reabsorption in the kidney. SPAK possesses a conserved carboxy-terminal (CCT) domain, which recognises RFXV/I motifs present in its upstream activator [isoforms of the With-No-lysine (K) kinases (WNKs)] as well as its substrates (NCC and NKCC2). To define the physiological importance of the CCT domain, we generated knock-in mice in which the critical CCT domain Leu502 residue required for high affinity recognition of the RFXI/V motif was mutated to Alanine. The SPAK CCT domain defective knock-in animals are viable, and the Leu502Ala mutation abolished co-immunoprecipitation of SPAK with WNK1, NCC and NKCC2. The CCT domain defective animals displayed markedly reduced SPAK activity and phosphorylation of NCC and NKCC2 co-transporters at the residues phosphorylated by SPAK. This was also accompanied by a reduction in the expression of NCC and NKCC2 protein without changes in mRNA levels. The SPAK CCT domain knock-in mice showed typical features of Gitelman Syndrome with mild hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia, hypocalciuria and displayed salt wasting on switching to a low-Na diet. These observations establish that the CCT domain plays a crucial role in controlling SPAK activity and BP. Our results indicate that CCT domain inhibitors would be effective at reducing BP by lowering phosphorylation as well as expression of NCC and NKCC2.
DEVELOPMENT OF A BIOCHIP DEDICATED TO PLANETARY EXPLORATION. FIRST STEP: RESISTANCE STUDIES TO SPACE CONDITIONS (2007)

For upcoming exploration missions, space agencies advocate the development of a new promising technique to search for traces of extent or extinct life: the biochip use. As space is a hazardous environment, a main concern relies on the resistance of this device to a panel of harsh constraints. Within the framework of the BiOMAS (Biochip for Organic Matter Analysis in Space) project, our team is currently developing a biochip especially designed for planetary exploration. We present here the methodology adopted and the beginning experiments to select the best constituents, to determine resistance levels and to define well- adapted protection for the biochip.
Bio-Inspired Kinetic Curved-Line Folding for Architectural Applications (2016)

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the development of a bio-inspired compliant mechanism for architectural applications and explains the methodology of investigating movements found in nature. This includes the investigation of biological compliant mechanisms, abstraction, and technical applications using computational tools such as finite element analysis (FEA). To demonstrate the possibilities for building envelopes of complex geometries, procedures are presented to translate and alter the disclosed principles to be applicable to complex architectural geometries. The development of the kinetic façade shading device flectofold, based on the biological role-model Aldrovanda vesiculosa, is used to demonstrate the process. The following paper shows results of FEA simulations of kinetic curved-line folding mechanisms with pneumatic actuation and provides information about the relationship between varying geometric properties (e.g. curved-line fold radii) and multiple performance metrics, such as required actuation force and structural stability.
JackIn head (2015)

Sharing full immersive experience in real-time has been the one of ultimate goals of telecommunication. Possible application can include various applications such as entertainment, sports viewing, education, social network and professional assistance. Recent head-worn wearable camera enables to shoot the first person video, however, view of angle is limited with the head direction of the person who is wearing, and also captured video is shaky that makes us dizzy. We propose JackIn Head, an immersive experience sharing system with wearable camera headgear that provides 360 degrees spherical images of the user's surrounding environment. JackIn Head system performs spherical video stabilization and transmits it to other users, so that they are able to view shared video comfortably and also look around at the scene from a different view angle independently from the first person. In this note, we explain the overview of the JackIn Head system implementation, stabilization and viewing experience.
ChemInform Abstract: NICKEL(II)‐BISMUTH(III) BOND FORMATION IN NICKEL(II) COMPLEXES OF TRIS(O‐DIMETHYLARSINOPHENYL)BISMUTHINE (1975)

Abstract Die Wismutverbindung (I) reagiert mit Nickelhalogeniden (II) und Natriumtetraphenylborat" (III) in Äthanol zu den Nickel‐Komplexen (IV).
Chemicals in rodent control (1972)

N. J. A. Gutteridge, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1972, 1, 381 DOI: 10.1039/CS9720100381
Electrical Properties of Hypothalamic Neuroendocrine Cells (1964)

Goldfish hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells have been investigated with intracellular recordings. The cells showed resting potentials of 50 mv and action potentials up to 117 mv followed by a long lasting and prominent diphasic hyperpolarizing afterpotential. The action potential occurred in two steps indicating sequential invasion. "Total" neuron (input) resistance was measured to be 3.3 x 10(7) ohm and total neuron time constant was 42 msec. Orthodromic volleys, produced by olfactory tract stimulation, generated graded excitatory postsynaptic potentials. These neuroendocrine cells seem, therefore, to have electrical membrane properties that are similar to those of other central neurons. Antidromic volleys (pituitary stimulation) produced inhibitory post-synaptic potentials whose latency was only slightly longer than that of the antidromic spike indicating the presence of recurrent collaterals. This finding suggests that the concept of the neuroendocrine cell as a neuron whose axon forms contacts only on blood vessels and not on other neurons or effector cells is too restrictive. Perfusion of the gills with dilute (0.3 per cent) sea water produced an inhibition of spontaneous activity. This inhibition is discussed in relation to recent work which demonstrates that goldfish hypothalamic hormones facilitate Na(+) influx across the gill membrane.
IMMUNOGENETICS OF TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS — FROM FUNDAMENTAL IDEAS TO MEDICAL PRACTICE (2012)

The review of studies of Russian researchers on theoretical and practical aspects of genetic predisposition to type 1 diabetes associated with immunity: HLA and not HLA genes. Most important for practical public health outcomes are evidence that HLA-genetic predisposition to type 1 diabetes is associated with the DRB1-genotype, consisting entirely of variants DRB1-genes associated with the development of T1D. It was also established that CTLA4 gene has an independent predictive value for T1D.
Explorations in Homeomorphic Variational Auto-Encoding (2018)

The manifold hypothesis states that many kinds of high-dimensional data are concentrated near a low-dimensional manifold. If the topology of this data manifold is non-trivial, a continuous encoder network cannot embed it in a one-to-one manner without creating holes of low density in the latent space. This is at odds with the Gaussian prior assumption typically made in Variational Auto-Encoders (VAEs), because the density of a Gaussian concentrates near a blob-like manifold. In this paper we investigate the use of manifold-valued latent variables. Specifically, we focus on the important case of continuously differentiable symmetry groups (Lie groups), such as the group of 3D rotations $\operatorname{SO}(3)$. We show how a VAE with $\operatorname{SO}(3)$-valued latent variables can be constructed, by extending the reparameterization trick to compact connected Lie groups. Our experiments show that choosing manifold-valued latent variables that match the topology of the latent data manifold, is crucial to preserve the topological structure and learn a well-behaved latent space.
Two New Species of Cyperus (Subgenus Protocyperus) from Mexico and Central America (1983)

Two new species of Cyperus (Subgenus Protocyperus) from Mexico
Genetic relation of life span to metabolic rate for inbred mouse strains and their hybrids. (1979)

Average life spans were estimated for the male progeny from 21 of the 25 possible matings of 5 inbred mouse strains. Oxygen consumption was measured in an open system over a 48-hour interval. Resting metabolism, Mre, and average metabolism, Mav, were determined at 6-8 months of age, and at 24-34 months. Body weight, W, was determined at the time metabolism was measured. Life span, L, is negatively correlated with Mre and Mav, and positively correlated with W at both ages of measurement. This is in accord with the metabolic wear factor that had previously been established among 85 different species of mammals. A new metabolism variable, the energy partition coefficient, defined as the ratio of average to resting metabolic rate, Mav/Mre, has a parabolic relation to body weight, i.e., is maximal at an intermediate body size. The squared body weight deviation in turn has a negative correlation with life span. The correlation of L with Mav/Mre is positive, as expected, but not significant. These data suggest the existence of a longevity factor dependent on the partition of energy between the phasic metabolism of activity and the continuous maintenance metabolism.
Hypervalent iodine oxidation of N-acyltyramines: synthesis of quinol ethers, spirohexadienones, and hexahydroindol-6-ones (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHypervalent iodine oxidation of N-acyltyramines: synthesis of quinol ethers, spirohexadienones, and hexahydroindol-6-onesYasuyuki Kita, Hirofumi Tohma, Kazumi Kikuchi, Masanao Inagaki, and Takayuki YakuraCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 1, 435–438Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00001a082https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00001a082research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1881Altmetric-Citations154LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Combination of i‐Motif and G‐Quadruplex Structures within the Same Strand: Formation and Application (2013)

Peaceful coexistence: A double quadruplex composed of an i-motif and a G-quadruplex was constructed within one oligonucleotide strand (see picture). The defined double-quadruplex structure can serve as a NOTIF logic gate on the basis of the fluorescence of crystal violet.
Practical Limits of the Kramers‐Kronig Relationships Applied to Experimental Bioimpedance Data (1999)

A bstract : Use of the Kramers‐Kronig integral relationships has been proposed by several authors as a means to qualify the validity of experimental impedance data or to obtain the imaginary part of the impedance (or the permittivity) when only the real part is available. Few works are found in the literature where these relationships are applied. The goal of the present work is to investigate the practical limits on the applicability of these mathematical expressions when real factors such as a limited number of measurement frequencies or instrumentation errors are taken into account. We use simulated and real data to perform calculations and conclude that those expressions are practically applicable in almost every experimental situation, including the detection of measurement errors.
Image Interpretation Session (1999)

The Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America includes many exciting scientific sessions and educational exhibits. None is greeted with more anticipation than the Sunday afternoon Image Interpretation Session. Again this year, the session will include 10 unknown cases, two each in the classic radiologic categories of genitourinary, gastrointestinal, chest, musculoskeletal, and neurologic imaging. The cases were chosen to challenge the panelists and to provide a stimulating learning experience for the attendees. Representative images are reprinted here along with pertinent clinical case histories. The panelists have been asked to describe the imaging abnormalities and the pertinent negative findings in each case. Each panelist will construct a differential diagnosis and enumerate the points in favor or against each diagnosis before committing to a most likely final diagnosis. Additional tests or treatment options may be suggested, as emphasis is placed on the practical approach to patient care. In years past, individuals who submitted diagnoses or answers to the unknown cases of the Sunday Image Interpretation Session printed in September issues of RadioGraphics could earn continuing medical education (CME) credit if their answers were correct and submitted before the session. Because the cases have been so complex, the number of cases successfully “diagnosed” by participants has been relatively few. The RSNA's CME Advisory Committee has thus decided that the unknown cases of the Image Interpretation Session would no longer be offered for CME credit to RadioGraphics readers; attendees of the session at the annual RSNA assembly would still receive credit, however. Individuals who want to test their interpretive skills may still submit their answers to the moderator of the Image Interpretation Session, who will score them if they are received by November 1, 1999. The moderator may acknowledge those individuals receiving high scores (the criteria for high are determined by the moderator), both at the session and in the January issue of RadioGraphics. Answers may be sent via e-mail (filmpanl@rsna.org) or be mailed to: N. Reed Dunnick, MD Department of Radiology University of Michigan Health System 1500 E Medical Center Dr Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0030 Answers to each case and a brief description of each entity will be published in the January 2000 issue of RadioGraphics.
Is Healthy Neuroticism Associated with Longevity? A Coordinated Integrative Data Analysis (2020)

Individual differences in the Big Five personality traits have emerged as predictors of health and longevity. Although there are robust protective effects for higher levels of conscientiousness, results are mixed for other personality traits. In particular, higher levels of neuroticism have significantly predicted an increased risk of mortality, no-risk at all, and even a reduced risk of dying. The current study hypothesizes that one potential reason for the discrepancy in these findings for neuroticism is that interactions among neuroticism and other key personality traits have largely been ignored. Thus, in the current study we focus on testing whether the personality traits neuroticism and conscientiousness interact to predict mortality. Specifically, we borrow from recent evidence of "healthy neuroticism" to explore whether higher levels of neuroticism are only a risk factor for increased mortality risk when conscientiousness levels are low. We conducted a pre-registered integrative data analysis using 12 different cohort studies (total <i>N</i> = 44,702). Although a consistent pattern emerged of higher levels of conscientiousness predicting a reduced hazard of dying, neuroticism did not show a consistent pattern of prediction. Moreover, no study provided statistical evidence of a neuroticism by conscientiousness interaction. The current findings do not support the idea that the combination of high conscientiousness and high neuroticism can be protective for longevity. Future work is needed to explore different protective factors that may buffer the negative effects of higher levels of neuroticism on health, as well as other behaviors and outcomes that may support the construct of healthy neuroticism.