gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus/Maedi-Visna Virus Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay in the Serological Diagnosis of Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus in U.S. Sheep (2009)

A caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV)/maedi-visna virus (MVV) indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) was validated with samples from U.S. sheep and by the use of radioimmunoprecipitation as the standard for comparison. The sensitivity and the specificity were 86.0% (+ or - 5.8%) and 95.9% (+ or - 2.9%), respectively. The iELISA format and phylogenetic differences based on the MVV gag sequence contribute to the reduced sensitivity.
Towards platform level power management in mobile systems (2014)

This paper presents a platform-level power management framework for mobile platforms. The proposed framework minimizes the overall platform energy while meeting system level performance and power budget constraints. To this end, we construct analytical performance and power models using dynamic information collected via performance monitoring counters. Using these models, we design two different closed loop controllers to ensure that both the performance and the power targets are achieved and maintained in the presence of dynamic workload variations. Experimental evaluations performed on an Android platform show up to 8% energy savings at the platform level and up to 15% CPU energy savings.
The statistics of the time-temperature-transformation diagram for oxidized and reduced West Valley Reference 6 glass (1994)

Crystallization in glasses selected for the containment of high level nuclear waste (West Valley Reference 6 glass, oxidized and reduced) was studied with a Time-Temperature-Transformation (TTT) diagram. Statistical data analysis was performed on the data collected from samples heat treated for various times and temperatures. The volume percent crystals in the samples was determined by image analysis. Distance weighted least squares smoothing method was used to fit a surface to the volume percent crystals versus time and temperature. Confidence intervals for the time to achieve a given volume percent crystals in the region of the nose of the TTT diagram were also determined.
Shadowing variability in an urban land mobile environment at 900 MHz (1990)

Field tests have been performed in a high density urban environment to evaluate two important aspects of shadowing variability in land mobile radio links. These factors are the magnitude of variability and the rate at which variations decorrelate with time and spatial movement. The former was found to be significantly influenced by the size of the field test area. 1/e decorrelation times of the order of 15 s and decorrelation distances on the order of 100 m appear common.
New developments in neurocontrol (2002)

The complexity of modern day systems is increasing and performance requirements for industrial and military systems are becoming more stringent. With new results based on nonlinear stability theory, neural network (NN) based controllers are now able to provide guaranteed closed-loop stability, performance, and robustness for such complex dynamical systems. This paper presents a family of NN controllers developed for robotic systems, force control, backstepping control of industrial motors, friction compensation, deadzone compensation of actuators, etc. Some high-level NN control architectures are discussed, including reinforcement techniques and optimal design.
Effect of iron chelators with potent anti-proliferative activity on the expression of molecules involved in cell cycle progression and growth (1999)

Our previous studies have demonstrated that some analogues of the iron (Fe) chelator, pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH), show high anti-proliferative activity being far more effective than desferrioxamine (DFO).1,2In this investigation, we have assessed the effect of DFO and one of the most active chelators, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone -311-, on molecular targets involved in proliferation. This was performed to assess the mechanisms involved in the anti-neoplastic activity of Fe chelators.
Round robin crystal orientation measurement using EBSD for damage assessment (2016)

Crystal orientations of creep damaged Type 316 stainless steel were measured by 10 organizations using the same specimens, passed in a round robin, in order to investigate the scatter in material damage assessment using the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique. The measurements were performed according to the EBSD measurement guideline issued by the Society of Material Science, Japan. Two misorientation parameters, the local and intra-grain misorientations, were calculated using mapping data of measured crystal orientations. It was shown that the area averaged local and intra-grain misorientations correlated well with the degree of the inelastic strain caused by the creep damage. Although the area averaged local misorientation showed eminent scatter, the scatter in the area averaged intra-grain misorientation was relatively small. The scatter in the area averaged local misorientation was deduced to be brought about by the error in the crystal orientation measurements. Since the accuracy of the crystal orientation measurement depends on various factors and is difficult to control, the correlation between the degree of the creep damage and the local misorientations obtained by one SEM/EBSD system is difficult to apply to other SEM/EBSD systems. On the other hand, the area averaged intra-grain misorientation is not affected much by the error in the crystal orientation measurements and the values obtained by various organizations using different SEM/EBSD systems were almost the same. It was concluded that the area averaged intra-grain misorientation can be used for measurement of the creep damage (inelastic strain). The empirical relationship between the area averaged intra-grain misorientation and the degree of the creep damage can be shared regardless of the SEM/EBSD system used.
Possible Mechanisms of Resistance to <i>cis</i>‐Diamminedichloroplatinum (II) of Human Ovarian Cancer Cells (1990)

The mechanism of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP) resistance was examined by using a CDDP-resistant (KFr) cell line established by continuous exposure of KF cells (derived from serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary) to escalating doses of CDDP. When KFr cells were incubated with 66.7 microM CDDP, the uptake of CDDP was significantly inhibited and the cellular content in the KFr cells was about a half of that in KF cells after incubation for 4 h. When the KF or KFr cells were incubated for 4 h with 100 microM CDDP, the release pattern of CDDP from KFr cells was similar to that from KF cells. In addition, the DNA histogram of both KF and KFr cells revealed that KF cells seemed to contain two clones of cell population and the KFr cells may have been selected by exposure to CDDP. At 3 h after intraperitoneal administration of 0.5 mg of CDDP per mouse to nude mice with KF or KFr tumor, the CDDP content in the KFr tumor was significantly lower than that in the KF tumor. In contrast, at 6 or 9 h after CDDP administration the CDDP content in the KFr tumor was significantly higher than that in the KF tumor. Furthermore, the KFr cells had cross-resistance to various CDDP analogues including carboplatin. It was shown that cellular uptakes of two CDDP analogues into KFr cells were significantly lower than those into KF cells.
A facile synthesis of enol type acyl cyanides <i>via</i> a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction and a cyano group migration (1993)

Abstract The reaction of 7‐chlorotetrazolo[1,5‐ a ]quinoxaline 5‐oxide 4a or 7‐chloro‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐ a ]quinoxaline 5‐oxide 4b with 2‐chloroacrylonitrile gave 7‐chloro‐4‐(2‐cyano‐2‐hydroxyvinyl)tetrazolo[1,5‐ a ]quinoxaline 5a or 7‐chloro‐4‐(2‐cyano‐2‐hydroxyvinyl)‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐ a ]quinoxaline 5b , respectively. Alcoholysis of compound 5a or 5b afforded 7‐chloro‐4‐ethoxycarbonylmethylene‐4,5‐dihydrotetrazolo[1,5‐ a ]quinoxaline 6a or 7‐chloro‐4‐ethoxycarbonylmethylene‐4,5‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐ a ]quinoxaline 6b , respectively. Compounds 5a,b were found to exist as a syn and anti mixture of the enol form, while compounds 6a,b occurred as the enamine and methylene imine forms. The tautoraeric character and/or D‐H exchange of the vinyl protons are described for compounds 5a,b and 6a,b .
The Respiratory Syncytial Virus Matrix Protein Possesses a Crm1-Mediated Nuclear Export Mechanism (2009)

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) matrix (M) protein is localized in the nucleus of infected cells early in infection but is mostly cytoplasmic late in infection. We have previously shown that M localizes in the nucleus through the action of the importin beta1 nuclear import receptor. Here, we establish for the first time that M's ability to shuttle to the cytoplasm is due to the action of the nuclear export receptor Crm1, as shown in infected cells, and in cells transfected to express green fluorescent protein (GFP)-M fusion proteins. Specific inhibition of Crm1-mediated nuclear export by leptomycin B increased M nuclear accumulation. Analysis of truncated and point-mutated M derivatives indicated that Crm1-dependent nuclear export of M is attributable to a nuclear export signal (NES) within residues 194 to 206. Importantly, inhibition of M nuclear export resulted in reduced virus production, and a recombinant RSV carrying a mutated NES could not be rescued by reverse genetics. That this is likely to be due to the inability of a nuclear export deficient M to localize to regions of virus assembly is indicated by the fact that a nuclear-export-deficient GFP-M fails to localize to regions of virus assembly when expressed in cells infected with wild-type RSV. Together, our data suggest that Crm1-dependent nuclear export of M is central to RSV infection, representing the first report of such a mechanism for a paramyxovirus M protein and with important implications for related paramyxoviruses.
Room-temperature in-cell EPR spectroscopy: alpha-Synuclein disease variants remain intrinsically disordered in the cell (2017)

Human alpha-Synuclein (aS), implicated in Parkinson's disease, adopts a rich variety of different conformations depending on the macromolecular context. In order to unravel its pathophysiological role, monitoring its intracellular conformational state and identifying differences for the disease variants is crucial. Here, we present an intracellular spectroscopy approach based on a systematic spin-labeling site-scan in combination with intracellular electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy determining conformations on a molecular scale. A quantitative and model-based data analysis revealed that the vast majority of aS, be it wild-type or disease variants A30P or A53T, exists in the monomeric intrinsically disordered form in the cell.
Coronary Angiography in 506 Patients With Extracranial Cerebrovascular Disease (1985)

Coronary angiography was performed during the evaluation of a prospective series of 506 patients (mean age, 65 years) presenting with extracranial cerebrovascular disease and previous neurologic symptoms (N = 288) or asymptomatic carotid bruits (N = 218). Severe, surgically correctable coronary artery disease was documented in 37% of patients suspected to have coronary artery disease by conventional clinical criteria, compared with 16% of those who were not. Severe inoperable coronary disease was present in 9.8% and 1.5% of these respective subsets and was especially common (14%) among diabetics. As the result of this investigation, an algorithm for perioperative cardiac screening has been developed in an attempt to reduce the eventual mortality caused by myocardial infarction in patients who require extracranial reconstruction.
Highly stereospecific catalytic systems for the polymerization of α‐olefins to isotactic polymers (1961)

Abstract The highly stereospecific catalytic systems for the polymerization of α‐olefins have been compared. These are obtained starting either from the α, γ, or δ modifications of violet TiCl 3 with or without AlCl 3 present in solid solution, and from aluminum diethyl monohalides, or from metalloorganic products obtained by reacting two molecules of aluminum monoalkyl dihalide with one molecule of particular electron donor compounds. The catalytic systems considered polymerize propylene, giving rise to crude polymers containing 90 to 100% isotatic propylene (nonextractable in boiling n ‐heptane) for a wide range of polymerization temperatures. By fractionation of crude polymers prepared with the use of these catalytic systems, highly isotactic polypropylenes, having a melting temperature up to 177°C., have been separated. The results, correlated with those obtained in x‐ray determinations of the structure of the modification of TiCl 3 used, demonstrate that the stereospecificity of all the catalytic systems examined is independent of the particular type of violet modification (α, γ, or δ), whether or not these contain aluminum as AlCl 3 in solid solution. This proves that the single active centers are substantially of the same type; a variation in their number causes only a variation of the overall polymerization rate.
Nonlinear stabilization of the lower-hybrid-drift instability by electron resonance broadening (1978)

The lower-hybrid-drift instability is shown to be effectively stabilized by electron resonance broadening, especially in finite β plasmas. This saturation mechanism allows steady state turbulence to develop which is crucial to plasma phenomena such as magnetic field line reconnection and collisionless shock waves.
Hard disk drive thin film head manufactured using nanoimprint lithography (2014)

The lithographic requirements for the thin film head industry are comparable to the semiconductor industry for certain parameters such as resolution and pattern repeatability. In other aspects such as throughput and defectivity, the requirements tend to be more relaxed. These requirements match well with the strengths and weaknesses reported concerning nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and suggest an alternative approach to optical lithography. We have demonstrated the proof of concept of using NIL patterning, in particular Jet and Flash<sup>TM</sup> Imprint Lithography (J-FIL<sup>TM</sup>) <sup>1</sup> , to build functional thin film head devices with performance comparable to standard wafer processing techniques. An Imprio<sup>TM</sup> 300 tool from Molecular Imprints, Inc. (MII) was modified to process the AlTiC ceramic wafers commonly used in the thin film head industry. Templates were produced using commercially viable photomask manufacturing processes and the AlTiC wafer process flow was successfully modified to support NIL processing. Future work is identified to further improve lithographic performance including residual layer thickness uniformity, wafer topography, NIL→NIL overlay, and development of a large imprint field that exceeds what is available in optical lithography.
ChemInform Abstract: THE ANODIZATION OF GALLIUM ARSENIDE AND GALLIUM PHOSPHIDE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS (1976)

Abstract Die Anodisierung von GaAs und GaP in wäßrigen Medien führt bei geeigneten Versuchsparametern (pH, Leitfähigkeit, Anion des pH‐Regulators, elektrische Parameter) zu kontrolliertem Oxidwachstum oder zum kontrollierten elektrolytischen Ätzen.
A method to estimate the insulation condition of high voltage stator windings (2003)

The authors present a step-by-step approach to determining the insulation condition of high-voltage stator windings. The approach takes advantage of background information, a wide variety of online and offline tests, and visual inspections that experts often use. Therefore, this procedure can be used as a guide for nonexpert maintenance engineers. The approach is primarily concerned with aging processes that take months or years to result in failure. As one progresses through the procedure, the required information becomes increasingly more difficult to obtain. The accuracy of the prediction of insulation condition is determined by the care and thoroughness of the examiner and the expertise and experience of the maintenance engineer. Unfortunately, although the insulation condition can be assessed, reliable prediction of the remaining life of a stator winding is presently not possible. The authors outline this procedure for stator insulation systems rated 4.0 kV or above.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Data-Recording Xenon Flashlamp (1957)

This paper describes an electronic flashtube which is designed primarily for data-recording applications in modern military aircraft where it is desired to obtain photographic records of moving dials, etc. The FX-4 is explosionproof, waterproof and is able to withstand rigid shock and vibration requirements of modern aircraft. The lamp is completely encapsulated in an epoxy resin, permitting the tube to be operated at altitudes of 70,000 ft or submerged in water. It is resistant to extreme temperature variations, shock and vibrations. Typical examples of its applications are described.
Detection of surface states anisotropies at GaAs(001)(2 × 4) decapped surfaces (2005)

Abstract The surface or bulk origin of the optical anisotropies detected by reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) at GaAs(001)(2 × 4) surfaces has been extensively investigated in the last years and a quite general agreement has been reached that the dominating character would be bulk‐like. Nevertheless, a very recent paper [F. Arciprete et al., Phys. Rev. B 69 , 081308(R) (2004)] has again issued the presence of surface states contributions in optical anisotropies, revealing a structure at 2.5 eV due to surface states, in addition to the well known features around 2.9 eV and 4.5 eV related to the bulk critical points E 1 and E 0 ′. We have carried out a new experiment to prove this conclusion by following the changes in the optical anisotropy of a GaAs(001)(2 × 4) surface in the range 2.0–5.0 eV induced by Ag/Sb‐codeposition. The interface Ag/GaAs(001) is known to be not reactive. Due to its surfactant effect, codeposition of Sb leads to a nearly epitaxial growth of the Ag overlayer. We show that at the early stages of deposition (nominally at 0.25 monolayer) an evident modification of the RAS spectrum is detected at 2.5 eV, well below the photon energy (2.9 eV) where bulk‐like anisotropies appear. We relate this modification to the disappearance of surface states characteristic of the (2 × 4) reconstruction, in excellent agreement with previous conclusions and experiments. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Experimental Assessment of the b-Matrix using a Reference Phantom in Diffusion Tensor Imaging (2004)

Purpose: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has opened new possibilities to investigate the brain. It is, however, very important to know the exact diffusion weighting (spatial orientations and strengths) which is summarized in the so-called b-matrix. The coefficients of the b-matrix are usually calculated by using a simple equation which only takes into account the diffusion gradients and their spatial orientation. In this study we have determined the b-matrix analytically taking into account all gradients (including the imaging gradients). This leads to a system of equations with three unknown parameters (mean diffusion weighting strength, cross-term contribution of the gradients oriented in readout and slice selection direction, respectively) which requires at least three measurements in different directions to determine these unknowns. Since DTI is always acquired with at least six diffusion-weighted measurements in different directions, one is able to asses the full b-matrix experimentally, provided that the gradient scheme of the sequence and the diffusion coefficient of an isotropic phantom (e.g., water) is known. Materials: All measurements were performed using a 1.5 T whole-body MR-Scanner (Siemens Vision, Erlangen, Germany). The diffusion coefficient of the phantom was determined by using a cross-term free diffusion acquisition method. To determine the full b-matrix we acquired a full diffusion tensor scan (six different diffusion-weighted directions) and derived the correction factors and the mean diffusion strength by solving the corresponding system of equations. Results: As expected the individual elements of the experimentally determined b-matrix were different from the elements obtained by using the simplified b-value calculation Depending on the actual b-value (100–1000s/mm2) deviations of up to 30% (for low b-values) were observed for some of the elements. The experimentally determined b-matrix was in very good agreement with the fully analytically calculated b-matrix. Discussion: The presented experimental approach provides a simple way to assess the b-matrix in very good correlation to the analytically calculated b-matrix. For this approach only knowledge of the gradient scheme, the protocol parameter (field of view, matrix size and slice thickness) and the diffusion coefficient of the phantom is required. However, the accuracy of this method critically depends on the accuracy of the numerical value of the diffusion coefficient.
Liquid Crystalline Polymer Stabilized FLCDs with Conventional Rubbed Polyimide Films or with Photo Alignment Films of Poly(vinyl Cinnamate) (1997)

Abstract Polymer stabilized SSFLCDs have been successfully fabricated. A liquid crystalline polymer network in a device cell is formed by the photo-cure of UV photo-currable liquid crystalline monomers that are doped in an FLC, where both the rubbed polyimide (PI) and non-rubbed but linearly polarized UV irradiated poly(vinyl cinnamate) (PVCi) films are utilized as surface FLC molecular alignment. The actual monomers adopted is acrylate with a mesogenic side chain. The PVCi is one of the photo alignment polymer. The fabrication process of these SSFLC cells is as follows; first the photo-cure is done on a monomers and initiators doped LC medium at the temperature where this material takes SmA phase and then the cell is cooled down to room temperature, at which the medium takes SmC* phase. The layer structure of the liquid crystalline polymer stabilized (LC-PS) FLC cells has been investigated by X-ray diffraction measurement. As the experimental results, it is found that the formed polymer network suppresses the formation of a chevron layer structure, resulting in the formation of a quasi-bookshelf layer structure; the only C1-uniform state is spontaneously formed without giving a high surface pretilt angle; and a fairly good memory state with an excellent contrast ratio and a low threshold voltage are obtained for a low concentration of doped monomers (2 ∼ 3 wt%) in particular with photo-alignment layers of PVCi; and furthermore, in a cell with a higher concentration of doped monomers (4 wt%) an excellent electroclinic like behavior (called the quasi-electroclinic effect) is obtained.
MicroRNA Labeling Methods Directly Influence the Accuracy of Expression Profiling Detection (2007)

MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiling is a powerful and commonly used methodology for assessing the relative levels of individual miRNAs in specific tissues. To achieve accurate results using miRNA microarray detection strategies, it is important that all sample miRNA species are representatively labeled prior to the hybridization step. In this study, we compared the expression profiles of miRNAs labeled using enzymatic methods and a direct chemical labeling method. Using miRNA samples isolated from mouse brain and heart in a comparative microarray analysis, we show that some specific miRNAs are not detected when enzymatic tailing methods are used; however they are detected with the Label IT® chemical labeling method. The presence of the discrepant miRNAs in the model mouse tissues was corroborated by northern blot analysis and confirmed by qRT-PCR. Thus, miRNA expression profiles generated by enzymatic labeling methods (poly(A) polymerase tailing) may not be representative for all miRNAs that are present in a given sample. The Label IT technology may offer a more sensitive and universal miRNA labeling method.