gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A model of mouse motor nerve excitability and the effects of polarizing currents (2011)

This study was undertaken to develop a theoretical model of mouse motor nerve excitability, and to validate it by application to recordings from mouse axons with membrane potential altered by polarizing currents. Multiple excitability tests were performed on the caudal motor nerves of 12 mice. Membrane potential was artificially modified by injecting polarizing currents through the stimulating electrodes (±20% of threshold for 1 ms pulse). A human motor nerve model was adapted to the unpolarized mouse recordings by adjusting membrane parameters to optimize the fit. To evaluate the usefulness of the model, we then determined the parameter changes which best fitted the recordings from depolarized and hyperpolarized tail nerves. The recordings from the normal axons were well fitted by a model in which axons were hyperpolarized by 4 mV, and nodal sodium and slow potassium conductances were reduced by half, compared with human median nerve motor axons. The changes with polarizing currents were qualitatively similar to those in human axons, and modeling correctly identified a change in current as the best-fitting explanation for the altered excitability. We conclude that this new model should help identify changes in membrane potential and probably in other membrane parameters in mouse models of neurological disease.
A theory for the generation of multiscale structure in Langmuir circulations (1990)

Extant theories and numerical simulations for Langmuir circulations [Leibovich, Ann. Rev. Fluid Dyn. (1983); Leibovich et al., J. Fluid Mech. (1989)] all show predicted circulation patterns characterized by a single horizontal, cross-wind scale. Recent research [Smith et al., J. Phys. Oceano. (1987); Weller and Price (1988); Pinkel and Smith (1989), unpublished acoustic data] show multiscale circulation patterns, including the organization of bubbles and phytoplankton, in the oceanic surface layer. An analytic theory for the evolution of two-dimensional disturbances in neutrally stratified, super-critical shear flows will be presented, done in collaboration with Chris Bretherton, UW-Applied Mathematics. This theory shows that initially favored, quickly growing disturbances evolve into catalysts for the transfer of mean flow energy into other scales of motion, producing multiscale circulation fields. This general result directly predicts the production of multiscale Langmuir circulations, which is supported here with theoretical calculations specialized to the oceanic surface layer.
Results of SPARO 2003: Mapping Magnetic Fields in Giant Molecular Clouds (2006)

We present results from the Austral Winter 2003 observing campaign of SPARO, a 450 micron polarimeter used with a two-meter telescope at South Pole. We mapped large-scale magnetic fields in four Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs) in the Galactic disk: NGC 6334, the Carina Nebula, G333.6-0.2 and G331.5-0.1. We find a statistically significant correlation of the inferred field directions with the orientation of the Galactic plane. Specifically, three of the four GMCs (NGC 6334 is the exception) have mean field directions that are within 15 degrees of the plane. The simplest interpretation is that the field direction tends to be preserved during the process of GMC formation. We have also carried out an analysis of published optical polarimetry data. For the closest of the SPARO GMCs, NGC 6334, we can compare the field direction in the cloud as measured by SPARO with the field direction in a larger region surrounding the cloud, as determined from optical polarimetry. For purposes of comparison, we also use optical polarimetry to determine field directions for other regions of similar size and distance. Overall, the results from this optical polarimetry analysis are consistent with our suggestion that field direction tends to be preserved during GMC formation. Finally, we compare the disorder in our magnetic field maps with the disorder seen in magnetic field maps derived from MHD turbulence simulations. We conclude from these comparisons that the magnetic energy density in our clouds is comparable to the turbulent energy density.
Rapid RWG Moment Method Solution of EFIE for Multiscale Problems via Hierarchical Center of Radiation Approximation in Barnes–Hut Algorithm (2013)

The Barnes-Hut algorithm utilizing hierarchical center-of-radiation approximation is applied for acceleration of quasi-static interactions in RWG Moment Method discretization of the electric field integral equation. As the method uses imbalanced oct-tree in hierarchical partitioning of the model, it maintains efficiency in memory and CPU usage when geometry of about a wavelength in size presents multiscale features. Because the center-of-radiation position in each box of hierarchically partitioned space is dependent on the direction to the observation point, the field evaluation in the Barnes-Hut algorithm is done via an interpolation scheme. Augmentation of the Barnes-Hut algorithm with local interpolation schemes is demonstrated. Impact on the error control mechanisms via angular interpolation and source clustering distance on the efficiency of the algorithm is studied.
RESTRICTED VOLUMES OF EFFECTIVE DIVISORS (2016)

We study the restricted volume of effective divisors, its properties and the relationship with the related notion of reduced volume, defined via multiplier ideals, and with the asymptotic intersection number.We build upon the fundamental work of Lazarsfeld and Mustȃt ¸a relating the restricted volume of big divisors to the volume of the associated Okounkov body.We extend their constructions and results to the case of effective divisors, recovering some results of Kaveh and Khovanskii, proving a Fujita-type approximation in this larger setting and studying the restricted volume function.In order to relate the reduced volume and the asymptotic intersection number we investigate a boundedness property of asymptotic multiplier ideals and prove it holds, for instance, for finitely generated divisors.In this way we obtain also a complete picture for the canonical divisor of an arbitrary smooth projective variety and for nef divisors on varieties of dimension at most 3.
Myocardin inhibits cellular proliferation by inhibiting NF-κB(p65)-dependent cell cycle progression (2008)

We previously reported the importance of the serum response factor (SRF) cofactor myocardin in controlling muscle gene expression as well as the fundamental role for the inflammatory transcription factor NF-kappaB in governing cellular fate. Inactivation of myocardin has been implicated in malignant tumor growth. However, the underlying mechanism of myocardin regulation of cellular growth remains unclear. Here we show that NF-kappaB(p65) represses myocardin activation of cardiac and smooth muscle genes in a CArG-box-dependent manner. Consistent with their functional interaction, p65 directly interacts with myocardin and inhibits the formation of the myocardin/SRF/CArG ternary complex in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, myocardin decreases p65-mediated target gene activation by interfering with p65 DNA binding and abrogates LPS-induced TNF-alpha expression. Importantly, myocardin inhibits cellular proliferation by interfering with NF-kappaB-dependent cell-cycle regulation. Cumulatively, these findings identify a function for myocardin as an SRF-independent transcriptional repressor and cell-cycle regulator and provide a molecular mechanism by which interaction between NF-kappaB and myocardin plays a central role in modulating cellular proliferation and differentiation.
Preparation and biological activity of various 3-deazapyrimidines and related nucleosides (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and biological activity of various 3-deazapyrimidines and related nucleosidesA. Bloch, G. Dutschman, Bruce L. Currie, Roland K. Robins, and Morris J. RobinsCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 3, 294–297Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00261a032Request reuse permissionsArticle Views225Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (589 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Passive Microwave Structure of Severe Tornadic Storms on 16 November 1987 (1994)

Passive microwave observations using the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager are presented for severe tornadic storms in the lower midwestern United States on 16 November 1987. These measurements are compared with Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite infrared (IR) measurements for the same case. The IR observations had a classic “V” cold feature commonly associated with severe Midwest thunderstorms. The minimum microwave brightness temperatures at 86 GHz, which primarily respond to ice scattering by larger ice particles, were located in the convective region and the warm interior region of the anvil top, between the arms of the IR V feature. The interior warm region was the only portion of the entire anvil region that had high 86-GHz polarization difference temperatures. Microphysical implications of these multispectral observations are discussed. The observations suggest that there are large variations of ice microphysical characteristics spatially and vertically in the anvil region. These observations are discussed in the context of previous dynamical and microphysical hypotheses on the IR V feature.
Synthesis and Secretion of Hypoxyproline-containing Macromolecules in Carrots (1970)

Using pulse-chase experiments with radioactive proline, it is possible to study the rapid transfer from the cytoplasm to the cell wall of the hydroxyproline-rich protein found in the cell walls of higher plants. The secretion of this protein is not obligatorily coupled to protein synthesis. Secretion is completely inhibited by uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation and strongly inhibited by the inhibitors of electron transport, cyanide and azide. It is concluded that the transfer of proteins from the cytoplasm to the cell wall is an energy-requiring step.
Hormone Replacement Therapy, Inflammation, and Hemostasis in Elderly Women (1999)

Lipid-lowering by postmenopausal hormone therapy (HRT) explains only partly the assumed coronary risk reduction associated with therapy. To explore other possible mechanisms, we studied associations of HRT use with inflammation and hemostasis risk markers in women >/=65 years of age. Subjects were selected from 3393 participants in the fourth year examination of the Cardiovascular Health Study, an observational study of vascular disease risk factors. After excluding women with vascular disease, we compared levels of inflammation and hemostasis variables in the 230 women using unopposed estrogen and 60 using estrogen/progestin, with those of 196 nonusers selected as controls. Compared with nonusers, unopposed estrogen use was associated with 59% higher mean C-reactive protein (P<0.001), but with modestly lower levels of other inflammation indicators, fibrinogen, and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (P<0.001). Factor VIIc was 16% higher among estrogen users (P<0.001), but this was not associated with higher thrombin production (prothrombin fragment 1-2), or increased fibrin breakdown (D-dimer). Concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 was 50% lower in both using groups (P<0.001) compared with nonusers, and this was associated with higher plasmin-antiplasmin complex: 8% higher in estrogen and 18% higher in estrogen/progestin users (P<0. 05). Relationships between the markers and hormone use were less pronounced in estrogen/progestin users, with no association for C-reactive protein except in women in upper 2 tertiles of body mass index (P for interaction, 0.02). The direction and strength of the associations of HRT use with inflammation markers differed depending on the protein, so it is not clear whether HRT confers coronary risk reduction through an inflammation-sensitive mechanism. Associations with hemostasis markers indicated no association with evidence of procoagulation and a possible association with increased fibrinolytic activity.
BIOMECHANICAL AND HISTOLOGIC EFFECTS OF AUGMENTED SOFT TISSUE MOBILISATION THERAPY ON ACHILLES TENDINOPATHY IN A RABBIT MODEL (2014)

Summary Statement ASTM therapy is commonly used to treat Achilles tendinopaty. However, there was no report to evaluate the biomechanical effects, especially the dynamic viscoelasticity. We have shown that ASTM treatment was biomechanically useful for chronic Achilles tendinopathy in an animal model. Introduction Achilles tendinopathy is a common chronic overuse injury. Because Achilles tendon overuse injury takes place in sports and there has been a general increase in the popularity of sports activities, the number and incidence of Achilles tendon overuse injury has increased. Augmented Soft Tissue Mobilization (ASTM) therapy is a modification of traditional soft tissue mobilization and has been used to treat a variety of musculoskeletal disorders. ASTM therapy is thought to promote collagen fiber realignment and hasten tendon repair. It might also change the biomechanical behavior of the injured tendon, especially the dynamic viscoelasticity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of ASTM therapy in a rabbit model of Achilles tendinopathy by quantifying dynamic biomechanical properties and histologic features. Patients & Methods The hind limbs of 12 rabbits were used, and 24 Achilles tendons were injected with collagenase to produce tendon injury. One hind limb of each animal was then randomly allocated to receive ASTM therapy, while the other received no treatment and served as a control. ASTM was performed on the Achilles tendon for 3 minutes on postoperative days 21, 24, 28, 31, 35, and 38. The Achilles tendons were harvested 10 days after the last treatment. Specimens were examined with dynamic viscoelasticity and light microscopy. Results The mean±SD cross-sectional area for the treated and untreated tendons was 12.30±5.47 mm 2 and 9.57±8.36 mm 2 , respectively. The difference between the treated and untreated tendons was statistically significant ( P P =.05). The loss modulus was significantly lower in the treated tendons than in the untreated tendons ( P Discussion/Conclusion We have shown that ASTM was a biomechanically useful treatment for chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Biomechanical and histologic data showed the treated Achilles tendons had better biomechanical function and histologic outcomes than the untreated tendons.
CO<sub>2</sub>-Induced Stereocomplex Formation of Stereoregular Poly(methyl methacrylate) and Microcellular Foams (2000)

Crystalline stereocomplex formation of isotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (it-PMMA) and syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (st-PMMA) induced by high-pressure CO2 at pressures in the 5−35 MPa range and at temperatures in the 30−110 °C range was demonstrated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) investigations as a function of treatment pressure, temperature, and the it-PMMA/st-PMMA ratio. At a constant it-PMMA/st-PMMA ratio, the melting temperature of the stereocomplexes was shown to increase with increasing treatment pressure and temperature. The amount of the stereocomplex formed by high-pressure CO2 was found to be higher than that by thermal annealing in bulk. The heat of melting of the stereocomplex was the highest for the 1/2−1/1 it-PMMA/st-PMMA ratio. Compared with amorphous PMMA, the crystalline stereocomplex induced by high-pressure CO2 contributes to the superior morphology of the microcellular foams obtained. For the CO2-treated polymer, the average cell size decreases and the average cell density increases as the amount of the stereocomplex that was formed increases.
Evolutionary implications of pericentromeric gene expression in humans (2004)

Human pericentromeric sequences are enriched for recent sequence duplications. The continual creation and shuffling of these duplications can create novel intron-exon structures and it has been suggested that these regions have a function as gene nurseries. However, these sequences are also rich in satellite repeats which can repress transcription, and analyses of chromosomes 10 and 21 have suggested that they are transcript poor. Here, we investigate the relationship between pericentromeric duplication and transcription by analyzing the in silico transcriptional profiles within the proximal 1.5 Mb of genomic sequence on all human chromosome arms in relation to duplication status. We identify an approximately 5x excess of transcripts specific to cancer and/or testis in pericentromeric duplications compared to surrounding single copy sequence, with the expression of >50% of all transcripts in duplications being restricted to these tissues. We also identify an approximately 5x excess of transcripts in duplications which contain large quantities of interspersed repeats. These results indicate that the transcriptional profiles of duplicated and single copy sequences within pericentromeric DNA are distinct, suggesting that pericentromeric instability is unlikely to represent a common route for gene creation but may have a disproportionate effect upon genes whose function is restricted to the germ line.
Visualizing and analyzing software infrastructures (2001)

Companies frequently need to redesign their software infrastructures in response to marketplace changes, but they must do so carefully so that the new architecture will not disrupt existing operations or increase operating costs unnecessarily. To support these goals, system architects have long recognized the need to build a repository of information about all of their company's systems and their interfaces. Using this information, architects create system interface diagrams to help them study the existing architecture. The authors discuss their system, Enterprise Navigator, which lets users make ad hoc queries about an enterprise software architecture and then automatically generate the corresponding system interface diagram in real time on the Web.
CCGbank: User's Manual (2005)

Nitrogen is often used as an inert background atmosphere in solid state studies of electrode and reaction kinetics, of solid state studies of transport phenomena, and in applications e.g. solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), sensors and membranes. Thus, chemical and electrochemical reactions of oxides related to or with dinitrogen are not supposed and in general not considered. We demonstrate by a steady state electrochemical polarisation experiments complemented with in situ photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) that at a temperature of 450 °C dinitrogen can be electrochemically activated at the three phase boundary between N(2), a metal microelectrode and one of the most widely used solid oxide electrolytes--yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ)--at potentials more negative than E = -1.25 V. The process is neither related to a reduction of the electrolyte nor to an adsorption process or a purely chemical reaction but is electrochemical in nature. Only at potentials more negative than E = -2 V did new components of Zr 3d and Y 3d signals with a lower formal charge appear, thus indicating electrochemical reduction of the electrolyte matrix. Theoretical model calculations suggest the presence of anionic intermediates with delocalized electrons at the electrode/electrolyte reaction interface. The ex situ SIMS analysis confirmed that nitrogen is incorporated and migrates into the electrolyte beneath the electrode.
Single- and multiple-pulse noncoherent detection statistics associated with partially developed speckle (2000)

Single- and multiple-pulse detection statistics are presented for aperture-averaged direct detection optical receivers operating against partially developed speckle fields. A partially developed speckle field arises when the probability density function of the received intensity does not follow negative exponential statistics. The case of interest here is the target surface that exhibits diffuse as well as specular components in the scattered radiation. An approximate expression is derived for the integrated intensity at the aperture, which leads to single- and multiple-pulse discrete probability density functions for the case of a Poisson signal in Poisson noise with an additive coherent component. In the absence of noise, the single-pulse discrete density function is shown to reduce to a generalized negative binomial distribution. The radar concept of integration loss is discussed in the context of direct detection optical systems where it is shown that, given an appropriate set of system parameters, multiple-pulse processing can be more efficient than single-pulse processing over a finite range of the integration parameter n.
Development of partial discharge monitor for turbine generators (2002)

A new partial discharge (PD) monitor has been developed. It continuously monitors electrical condition of stator winding insulation of the turbine generators in service. Wires of a resistance temperature detector (RTD) preinstalled between top and bottom coils of a stator slot are used as a RF coupler so that no new device installed inside a generator is required. Electromagnetic noise occurring around the generator is rejected by detection with multiple sensors and signal processing software. Results of in-service measurements show negative load and temperature dependence of PD characteristic. It is expected that the dependence is a symptom of degradation of the insulation system.