gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Invited editorial (1999)

Milsom, Jeffrey W. M.D.1; Leung, K. L. F.R.C.S.2; Yiu, R. Y. C. F.R.C.S.2; Lai, P. B. S. F.R.C.S. (Edinb.)2; Lee, J. F. Y. F.R.C.S. (Edinb.)2; Thung, K. H. M.B., Ch.B.2; Lau, W. Y. M.D., F.R.C.S., F.R.A.C.S.2 Author Information
A Study on Water-Mark Defects in Copper/Low-k Chemical Mechanical Polishing (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
EBC-316, 325–327, and 345: New Pimarane Diterpenes from Croton insularis Found in the Australian Rainforest (2015)

Five new pimarane and related-type diterpenes (i.e. EBC-316, 325–327, and 345 (10–15)), together with two known pimaranes (EBC-221 (8) and EBC-346 (9)), were isolated from the stems of Croton insularis, found in the Australian rainforest. All pimarane diterpenes disclosed herein are suggested to be biogenetically related to the same keto-Jacobs–Reynolds intermediate 2, via ring A and C oxidation. Anticancer activities of compounds 11–13 are reported.
Program splicing (2018)

We introduce program splicing, a programming methodology that aims to automate the workflow of copying, pasting, and modifying code available online. Here, the programmer starts by writing a "draft" that mixes unfinished code, natural language comments, and correctness requirements. A program synthesizer that interacts with a large, searchable database of program snippets is used to automatically complete the draft into a program that meets the requirements. The synthesis process happens in two stages. First, the synthesizer identifies a small number of programs in the database that are relevant to the synthesis task. Next it uses an enumerative search to systematically fill the draft with expressions and statements from these relevant programs. The resulting program is returned to the programmer, who can modify it and possibly invoke additional rounds of synthesis.
Prolonged survival and phenotypic correction of <i>Akp2</i>−<i>/</i>− hypophosphatasia mice by lentiviral gene therapy (2010)

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inherited systemic skeletal disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP) isozyme. The clinical severity of HPP varies widely, with symptoms including rickets and osteomalacia. TNALP knockout (Akp2(-/-)) mice phenotypically mimic the severe infantile form of HPP; that is, TNALP-deficient mice are born with a normal appearance but die by 20 days of age owing to growth failure, hypomineralization, and epileptic seizures. In this study, a lentiviral vector expressing a bone-targeted form of TNALP was injected into the jugular vein of newborn Akp2(-/-) mice. We found that alkaline phosphatase activity in the plasma of treated Akp2(-/-) mice increased and remained at high levels throughout the life of the animals. The treated Akp2(-/-) mice survived for more than 10 months and demonstrated normal physical activity and a healthy appearance. Epileptic seizures were completely inhibited in the treated Akp2(-/-) mice, and X-ray examination of the skeleton showed that mineralization was significantly improved by the gene therapy. These results show that severe infantile HPP in TNALP knockout mice can be treated with a single injection of lentiviral vector during the neonatal period.
Using continuous action spaces to solve discrete problems (2009)

Real-world control problems are often modeled as Markov decision processes (MDPs) with discrete action spaces to facilitate the use of the many reinforcement learning algorithms that exist to find solutions for such MDPs. For many of these problems an underlying continuous action space can be assumed. We investigate the performance of the Cacla algorithm, which uses a continuous actor, on two such MDPs: the mountain car and the cart pole. We show that Cacla has clear advantages over discrete algorithms such as Q-learning and Sarsa, even though its continuous actions get rounded to actions in the same finite action space that may contain only a small number of actions. In particular, we show that Cacla retains much better performance when the action space is changed by removing some actions after some time of learning.
Enhanced dielectric properties of nitrogen doped epitaxial Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> thin films on Si (2014)

Abstract The impact of nitrogen doping on the growth electronic band structure and electrical properties of epitaxial Gd 2 O 3 thin films on Si (111) has been investigated. Epitaxial layers of Gd 2 O 3 :N were grown on p‐type Si (111) substrates by solid source molecular beam epitaxy technique using molecular N 2 O as the nitridation agent. Substitutional nitrogen incorporation into the dielectric layer was confirmed by secondary ion mass spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. Significant reduction of the leakage current density and disappearance of capacitance‐voltage hysteresis in the Gd 2 O 3 :N layers indicate that nitrogen doping in Gd 2 O 3 successfully eliminates the adverse effects of the oxygen vacancy induced defects in the oxide layer. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comportement électrochimique en solutions sulfuriques d’électrodes de sélénium et de tellure polarisées cathodiquement (1975)

On confronte (1) les variations, en fonction de la tension d'électrode, de la densité de courant, de la capacité différentielle et de la résistance de l’interphase, mesurées par voltammétrie cyclique et par impulsions galvanostatiques.
Influence of Ferrite Rolling Temperature on Microstructure and Texture in Deformed Low C and IF Steels. (1997)

Single pass rolling experiments were carried out on two low carbon steels and an IF grade at temperatures between ambient and 700°C. The main aim was to investigate the transition from the well known behavior observed under cold rolling conditions to the less understood warm rolling behavior. Three aspects of the deformed state were examined: the occurrence of in-grain shear banding at angles of 30°-35°(and 17°-20°) to the rolling plane; the stored energy of deformation; and the final texture. These were chosen because of their effect on recrystallization. In-grain shear bands were evident, to one degree or another, in all samples. Their sensitivity to deformation temperature, however, was markedly different in the two low C grades compared to the IF grade. In the low C material, the frequency of banding was high at low temperatures but virtually nil at high temperatures. The degree of banding remained constant with temperature in the IF steel. These observations are explained in terms of strain rate sensitivity differences. The stored energy measurements were consistent with results in the dynamic strain aging literature. The deformation textures obtained were also in line with typical ferrite rolling textures. The overall sharpness of the rolling textures of the low C grades, however, increased markedly with temperature. This is ascribed to a drop in the texture weakening caused by in-grain shear banding.
Application of flow cytometric methods for the routine detection of<i>Cryptosporidium</i>and<i>Giardia</i>in water (1994)

Cryptosporidium and Giardia are common causes of waterborne disease. The currently used methods of detecting these organisms in water rely on filtration capture, immunofluorescence labelling, and epifluorescence microscopy. These methods are inefficient, labour intensive, and require a highly skilled microscopist. We describe an alternative technique using flocculation concentration, followed by flow cytometry with fluorescence activated cell sorting. Environmental samples were analysed, and protozoan-like particles were sorted and collected before confirmation with epifluorescence microscopy. The technique was found to be significantly more sensitive and considerably faster than the conventional methods.
The Involvement of Thaumatin-Like Proteins in Plant Food Cross-Reactivity: A Multicenter Study Using a Specific Protein Microarray (2012)

Cross-reactivity of plant foods is an important phenomenon in allergy, with geographical variations with respect to the number and prevalence of the allergens involved in this process, whose complexity requires detailed studies. We have addressed the role of thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) in cross-reactivity between fruit and pollen allergies. A representative panel of 16 purified TLPs was printed onto an allergen microarray. The proteins selected belonged to the sources most frequently associated with peach allergy in representative regions of Spain. Sera from two groups of well characterized patients, one with allergy to Rosaceae fruit (FAG) and another against pollens but tolerant to food-plant allergens (PAG), were obtained from seven geographical areas with different environmental pollen profiles. Cross-reactivity between members of this family was demonstrated by inhibition assays. Only 6 out of 16 purified TLPs showed noticeable allergenic activity in the studied populations. Pru p 2.0201, the peach TLP (41%), chestnut TLP (24%) and plane pollen TLP (22%) proved to be allergens of probable relevance to fruit allergy, being mainly associated with pollen sensitization, and strongly linked to specific geographical areas such as Barcelona, Bilbao, the Canary Islands and Madrid. The patients exhibited >50% positive response to Pru p 2.0201 and to chestnut TLP in these specific areas. Therefore, their recognition patterns were associated with the geographical area, suggesting a role for pollen in the sensitization of these allergens. Finally, the co-sensitizations of patients considering pairs of TLP allergens were analyzed by using the co-sensitization graph associated with an allergen microarray immunoassay. Our data indicate that TLPs are significant allergens in plant food allergy and should be considered when diagnosing and treating pollen-food allergy.
Feasibility Study for the Use of Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors in Deep-Water Drilling Fluids (2008)

The feasibility of using kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) in deep-water water-based drilling fluids to give added subcooling protection has been investigated. A range of neutral, anionic, or cationic commercial and noncommercial KHIs were first tested for their compatibility with highly saline drilling fluids. Thereafter, the most suitable products were tested as KHIs in a sapphire cell arrangement at pressures up to 300 bar and temperatures down to 0.9 °C. Experiments with the best inhibitors were also carried out in the presence of two types of clay to represent drilling cuttings with different activity and in simulated shut-in conditions. The conclusion was that some KHIs, particularly neutral or anionic polymers, could be used in drilling fluids if the activity of the clay/cuttings is low, probably because of negligible adsorption of the KHI polymer onto the clay/cuttings. It was also shown that pressure and not just subcooling is an important factor in determining the performance of a KHI.
Schrittweiser Aufbau von [(C5H5)4(C5Me5)4Co4Rh4(CN)12]4+, einem „metallorganischen Kasten” (1998)

Ein Volumen von 132 Å3 hat der Innenraum der Titelverbindung 1 und bietet damit viel Platz für potentielle Gastmoleküle. Bei der Synthese aus 2 [{Cp*RhCl2}2] und 4 [CpCo(CN)3]− wird zunächst ein „molekulares Quadrat”︁ hergestellt, dessen Ecken abwechselnd von Co und Rh besetzt sind. Durch die Reaktion zweier solcher Quadrate wird dann der „molekulare Kasten”︁ erhalten, ohne daß dabei M-C-Bindungen aufgebrochen werden müssen. Cp=C5H5, Cp*=C5Me5.
Biological and Immunological Properties of Sugi Basic Protein-Pullulan Conjugate (1990)

Ability of Sugi basic protein (SBP)-pullulan conjugate to elicit the Arthus reaction was found to be markedly reduced, about 100 times lower than that of native SBP. To analyze this reduced ability, activation of complement by immune complex consisting of SBP-pullulan and anti-SBP antibodies was studied. Tests for complement consumption, C3 conversion and cleavage of factor B revealed that immune complex formed with SBP-pullulan is incapable of supporting efficient activation of the complement system. Previously, we have shown data suggesting that SBP-pullulan conjugate would be a good candidate for desensitization therapy against cedar pollinosis. The results presented in this paper provide additional support for the suggestion.
Active filters and gain-bandwidth product (1970)

For several active-filter configurations employing operational amplifiers, the variation of resonance frequency and Q factor is given as a function of the ratio of the resonance frequency to the gain-bandwidth product of the operational amplifier. Consideration of these equations leads to the choice of the Wien-bridge filter or its equivalents for applications requiring a high Q factor at high frequencies.
Effects of oil shale addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of porous ceramics from Moroccan raw clay (2015)

Within the Moroccan natural resources valorization scheme, porous ceramics have been prepared from clay minerals and oil shale sintered between 1000 and 1100 °C. X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine the structural and microstructural changes of the materials. Porosity and pore size distribution were measured using mercury intrusion porosimetry. The mechanical properties were investigated by three-point flexural and Brazilian tests, while the elastic properties were evaluated by ultrasonic non-destructive testing. When sintered at 1100 °C, ceramics prepared by mixing raw clay and oil shale are twice as porous as materials obtained from clay only (43.89 and 19.32 % respectively).
Cluster four spacecraft measurements of small traveling compression regions in the near‐tail (2003)

Cluster observations taken during a substorm on September 19, 2001 have revealed the presence of small traveling compression regions (TCRs) in the near tail. These measurements are used to determine directly the speed and direction of TCR propagation and the amplitude of the underlying bulge in the plasma sheet. The time‐of‐flight speeds derived from the arrival times of the magnetic perturbations at the different Cluster s/c yielded a mean speed of 413 km/s. For 2 of the TCRs s/c 1, 2 and 4 were located sufficiently close to the plasma sheet that they were immersed in the central plasma sheet plasma as the TCR swept over s/c 3. In this manner the Cluster measurements directly demonstrated that these small TCRs are caused by moving bulges in the plasma sheet‐lobe interface. In summary, our analysis of the Cluster measurements has directly demonstrated the existence of moving bulges in the north‐south thickness of the plasma sheet, most probably due to the formation of flux ropes, and their role in producing traveling compression regions.
Radioimmunoassay for Detection of Antigen and Antibodies to Newcastle Disease Virus (1976)

Abstract When Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is treated with NP-40 and ether a membrane fraction of 150.000 m.w. is obtained. This fraction which is composed of two polypeptides with m.w. of 56.000 and 76.000 was used in a radioimmunoassay (RIA). The assay was developed for both antigen and antibody and was found to be reproducible, specific, and highly sensitive. Titers of 1:51,200 were determined by RIA as compared to 1:4 by agar gel diffusion and 1:200 by hemaglutination inhibition (HI). As little as 5 ng of viral protein were detected by RIA inhibition technique. Labeled antigen could be stored in the presence of serum, KCI and Triton X-100 at -20°C for as long as 6 weeks and retained similar reactivity as fresh reagent.
Chromosome abnormalities in human arrested preimplantation embryos: a multiple-probe FISH study. (1994)

Numerical chromosome abnormalities were studied in single blastomeres from arrested or otherwise morphologically abnormal human preimplantation embryos. A 6-h FISH procedure with fluorochrome-labeled DNA probes was developed to determine numerical abnormalities of chromosomes X, Y, and 18. The three chromosomes were stained and detected simultaneously in 571 blastomeres from 131 embryos. Successful analysis including biopsy, fixation, and FISH analysis was achieved in 86.5% of all blastomeres. The procedure described here offers a reliable alternative to sexing of embryos by PCR and allows simultaneous ploidy assessment. For the three chromosomes tested, numerical aberrations were found in 56.5% of the embryos. Most abnormal embryos were polyploid or mosaics, and 6.1% were aneuploid for gonosomes or chromosome 18. Extrapolation of these results to all human chromosomes suggests that the majority of abnormally developing and arrested human embryos carry numerical chromosome abnormalities.
ELECTROPOLYMERIZATION OF DISYMMETRIC DIHETEROARYL ETHYLENES CONTAINING N-METHYL PYRROLE, PYRROLE AND THIOPHENE (1998)

Disymmetric monomers, E-l-(N-methyl-2-pyrrolyl)-2-(2-pyrrolyl) ethylene and (E)-1-(2-pyrrolyl)-2-(2-thienyl) ethylene, were synthesized by Horner Wittig, Wittig methods. These monomers were electropolymerized to produce films on a Pt electrode. The polymers obtained show appreciable electroactivity and stability. The experimental procedures of syntheses of monomers, electropolymerization of them, and electrochemical behaviours of these polymers are described and an interpretation of the results is given.
Cloning, Sequencing, Analysis, and Heterologous Expression of the Fredericamycin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster from <i>Streptomyces </i><i>g</i><i>riseus</i> (2005)

Fredericamycin (FDM) A, a pentadecaketide featuring two sets of peri-hydroxy tricyclic aromatic moieties connected through a unique chiral spiro carbon center, exhibits potent cytotoxicity and has been studied as a new type of anticancer drug lead because of its novel molecular architecture. The fdm gene cluster was localized to 33-kb DNA segment of Streptomyces griseus ATCC 49344, and its involvement in FDM A biosynthesis was proven by gene inactivation, complementation, and heterologous expression experiments. The fdm cluster consists of 28 open reading frames (ORFs), encoding a type II polyketide synthase (PKS) and tailoring enzymes as well as several regulatory and resistance proteins. The FDM PKS features a KSalpha subunit with heretofore unseen tandem cysteines at its active site, a KSbeta subunit that is distinct phylogenetically from KSbeta of hexa-, octa-, or decaketide PKSs, and a dedicated phosphopantetheinyl transferase. Further study of the FDM PKS could provide new insight into how a type II PKS controls chain length in aromatic polyketide biosynthesis. The availability of the fdm genes, in vivo characterization of the fdm cluster in S. griseus, and heterologous expression of the fdm cluster in Streptomyces albus set the stage to investigate FDM A biosynthesis and engineer the FDM biosynthetic machinery for the production of novel FDM A analogues.
Bicarbonate transport across the frog choroid plexus and its control by cyclic nucleotides. (1983)

We have studied the effects of ions, hormones, diuretics and cyclic nucleotides on the short-circuit current (Isc) across the frog choroid plexus. In normal HCO3 Ringer solution, the trans-epithelial potential difference (p.d.), Isc and resistance (Rt) were -0.8 mV (ventricular side negative with respect to to the blood (serosal) side), 6 microA/cm2 and 170 omega cm2, respectively. Removal of Na, Cl or HCO3 from the solution decreased the Isc to 1.9, 2.3 or -4.6 microA/cm2, respectively. Theophylline, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, isoproterenol, prostaglandin E1, ACTH, cholera toxin and forskolin all significantly increased the Isc. The theophylline-induced change in Isc (delta Itheosc) was reduced by 50% upon Cl substitution with gluconate, and was abolished to less than 12% by Na-free and HCO3-free solutions. pH monitoring of the bathing solutions showed that acidification of the serosal bathing fluid was enhanced by theophylline while that of the ventricular solution was retarded. Ouabain, acetazolamide, SITS, DIDS and furosemide inhibited both Isc and delta Itheosc. We conclude that HCO3 secretion by the choroid plexus into the c.s.f. is controlled by hormones which stimulate the adenylate cyclase system, and propose a model of ion transport across the choroidal epithelium.
Relationships between the generalized functional method and other methods of nonimaging optical design (2011)

The recently developed generalized functional method provides a means of designing nonimaging concentrators and luminaires for use with extended sources and receivers. We explore the mathematical relationships between optical designs produced using the generalized functional method and edge-ray, aplanatic, and simultaneous multiple surface (SMS) designs. Edge-ray and dual-surface aplanatic designs are shown to be special cases of generalized functional designs. In addition, it is shown that dual-surface SMS designs are closely related to generalized functional designs and that certain computational advantages accrue when the two design methods are combined. A number of examples are provided.
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CHANGES ACCOMPANYING WOODY PLANT ENCROACHMENT IN A SUBTROPICAL SAVANNA (2001)

Ecosystem properties of surficial (0–10 cm) soils in remnant herbaceous patches were compared to those of contrasting woody plant patch types (upland discrete cluster, upland grove, and lowland woodland) where shifting land cover is known to have occurred over the past 50–77 yr. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and quantify the biogeochemical consequences and subsequent developmental rates of woody plant formation on sites formerly dominated by grasses. Clay and water content of woodland soil patches was higher than that of soils associated with upland discrete cluster and grove patches. Even so, lowland woody patches were generally comparable to upland grove and discrete shrub cluster patches with respect to soil organic carbon (SOC), soil N, the ratio of annual N mineralization:total N, annual litterfall, and root biomass. The fact that finer soil texture, enhanced soil moisture, and the more advanced age of lowland woody patches did not translate into greater accumulations of SOC and N relative to upland grove and discrete cluster patches suggests that C and N losses might be higher in recently developed lowland woodland communities. Fluctuations in monthly root biomass standing crop (0–10 cm) far exceeded annual foliar litterfall in upland and lowland woody patch types, suggesting that belowground inputs of organic matter may drive changes in soil physical and chemical properties that occur subsequent to woody plant establishment. The estimated annual mean rates of soil C accretion in the “islands of fertility” that developed subsequent to tree/shrub encroachment were variable and ranged from 8 to 23 g/m2 (in groves and discrete clusters, respectively); N accretion ranged from 0.9 to 2.0 g/m2 (in groves and discrete clusters, respectively), even though mean annual N mineralization rates were three- to fivefold greater than those measured in remnant herbaceous patches. Woody plant proliferation in grasslands and savannas in recent history has been widely reported around the world. The causes for this shift in vegetation are controversial and center around changes in livestock grazing, fire, climate, and atmospheric CO2. Our data, which are conservative in that they examine only the upper 10 cm of the soil profile, indicate that the rate and extent of soil C and N accumulation associated with this phenomenon can be rapid, substantial, and accompanied by increased N turnover. This geographically extensive vegetation change thus has important implications for understanding how the global carbon and nitrogen cycles may have been altered since Anglo-European settlement of arid and semiarid regions.