gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Central Venous Pressure in Optimal Blood Volume Maintenance (1962)

No single aspect of patient care is more essential to survival than the maintenance of an optimal blood volume. Uncorrected hypovolemia may initiate a chain of events leading to severe shock and death, and even if hypovolemia is corrected before death ensues, a period of hypotension or poor tissue perfusion carries a significant risk of renal and myocardial complications, especially in the aged. On the other hand, inadvertent overloading of the heart by excessive fluid or blood volume replacement may precipitate heart failure and enhance the development of pulmonary edema. Alterations of blood volume and cardiac action are so common that every clinician should be prepared to manage blood volume support in a seriously ill patient. Many of the critical and most perplexing problems in blood volume maintenance occur unexpectedly under commonplace and inconvenient circumstances. These problems must be solved urgently, where and when they arise, and with the equipment
Trans-sodium crocetinate enhancing survival and glioma response on magnetic resonance imaging to radiation and temozolomide (2009)

In a hypoxic GB model, TSC improves the radiological and clinical effectiveness of temozolomide and radiation therapy. Further investigation of this oxygen diffusion enhancer as a radiosensitizer for hypoxic brain tumors seems warranted.
Improved Spatial Resolution in Vertical and Horizontal Holes for Measurement of Bioremediation Parameters and Histories (2018)

This chapter describes the kinds of measurements important to a bioremediation project and a relatively new approach for performing many of those measurements subsurface. The new method has been named SEAMIST. The purpose of the measurements falls into three time intervals: the initial information, the information needed for planning a bioremediation, and the data needed to monitor the progress of the remediation. Since the SEAMIST membrane can be installed in a horizontal hole as easily as a vertical hole, the same liner function is available for directionally drilled holes with washouts, slough piles, curves, or constricted cross section. The concerns of the common vertical sampling approach are isolation of the sampling horizon and the prevention of vertical flow in the boring outside of the casing. The ability to withdraw a gas sample from many elevations in the same hole, while the hole is entirely plugged by the pressurized membrane, allows very high spatial resolution pore gas samples.
Role of miRNAs in the progression of malignant melanoma (2009)

Analysis of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis and function is an area of research that started only recently but has subsequently accelerated tremendously. This is because of the impressive impact of miRNA-mediated gene regulation and the obvious potential of those tiny RNA molecules in future diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In this review, recent progress to reveal the role of miRNAs in the tumourigenesis of malignant melanoma, as well as future prospects of melanoma-related miRNA research, will be addressed.
Advanced BHA-ROP Modeling Including Neural Network Analysis of Drilling Performance Data (2016)

Abstract Significant research on bottom-hole-assembly (BHA) vibrations in conjunction with continuous improvement in polycrystalline diamond cutter (PDC) bits using fluid mechanics has increased drilling efficiency and reduced related problems. Despite the analytical advances, most BHAs and bit – motor combinations are still heuristically chosen and most optimization efforts are by trial and error. The reason for this is the bit-rock interaction and the dynamics that the bit exerts on the BHA are stochastic processes, and most analyses use simplified assumptions for this complicated interaction. In this paper, numerical solutions for the differential equations describing the motion and dynamics of the BHA are provided including impact effects with the borehole while drilling near vertical wellbores. Secondly, the dynamics of this motion are coupled with a neural network model that is calibrated on previous bit runs. This approach renders significant improvements in predicting the performance of different bit-motor combinations and provides a reasonable estimation of ROP without having to actually run those combinations and re-calibrate the model. The main reasons why a strictly deterministic, numerical approach cannot be successful is that even though the BHA properties are well known and vibration characteristics can be estimated, the impact forces of those components with an imperfect bore hole with variable formation properties cannot be precisely calculated. In addition, the forces exciting the BHA – drillstring system through the bit are complex, multi-modal and semi-chaotic. The neural network is hence used to identify and calibrate a model of the bit-rock interaction, essentially acting to partially de-couple BHA effects from how each bit achieves ROP. Several parameters affecting the drilling process are used as input and help uniquely identify the bit-rock interaction for a range of drilling parameters. This approach allows for a reasonable extrapolation of the bit’s behaviour on a different BHA and with different drilling parameters.
Absolute configuration of (-)-5-benzoyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrrole-1-carboxylic acid, the active enantiomer of ketorolac (1986)

The (-)-S isomer of 5-benzoyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[1,2-alpha]pyrrole-1-carboxylic acid is about 60 times more potent than the (+)-R isomer in the carrageenan edema test and ca. 230 times more active than the (+)-R isomer in the mouse phenylquinone writhing assay.
Deadlock-Free Adaptive Routing in Meshes with Fault-Tolerance Ability Based on Channel Overlapping (2009)

A new deadlock-free routing scheme for meshes is proposed based on a new virtual network partitioning scheme, called channel overlapping. Two virtual networks can share some common virtual channels based on the new virtual network partitioning scheme. The deadlock-free adaptive routing method is then extended to deadlock-free adaptive fault-tolerant routing in 3D meshes still with two virtual channels. A few faulty nodes can make a higher dimensional mesh unsafe for fault-tolerant routing methods based on the block fault model, where the whole system (n-dimensional space) forms a fault block. Planar safety information in meshes is proposed to guide fault-tolerant routing and classifies fault-free nodes inside 2D planes. Many nodes globally marked as unsafe in the whole system become locally enabled inside 2D planes. This fault-tolerant deadlock-free adaptive routing algorithm is also extended to the one in an n-dimensional meshes with two virtual channels. Extensive simulation results are presented and compared to previous methods.
Furopyridines. Synthesis and Properties (1997)

This review describes the synthesis of the frameworks of furo[2,3-b]-, -[3,2-b]-, -[2,3-c]-and -[3,2-clpyridine, a n d reactions of the furopyridines: such as bromination, nitration, H -D exchange and lithiation at the furan ring, chlorination, acetoxylation a n d cyanation o f t h e N -o x i d e s of furopyridines an 2,3-dihydrofuropyrid i n e 3 and conversion of each substituent into other functional groups.
Rechargeable Aqueous Lithium-Ion Battery of TiO2∕LiMn2O4 with a High Voltage (2011)

Rechargeable aqueous TiO2/LiMn2O4 lithium-ion battery is fabricated by combining the TiO2 nanotube arrays on metallic titanium foil as anode and LiMn2O4 as cathode in aqueous solution with mixed lithium salts (LiCl and Li2SO4). It is shown from cyclic voltammograms that the lithium insertion/extraction peaks of the cathode are highly symmetrical before the oxygen evolution, which can ensure a good lithium utilization of the LiMn2O4. Importantly, a higher anodic hydrogen evolution overpotential in TiO2 anode is observed, which is essential for the facile lithium insertion in preference to the hydrogen evolution. Meanwhile, the gas (hydrogen and oxygen) evolution in the anodic and cathodic processes can be effectively suppressed in aqueous electrolyte with mixed lithium salts as compared with that in pure LiCl and Li2SO4 solution, respectively. Correspondingly, the fabricated TiO2/LiMn2O4 battery presents a high discharge voltage plateau of above 2 V, which is well beyond the average discharge voltage of current aqueous battery system. Therefore, the combination of the appropriate anode/cathode-active materials with a relatively large potential difference and high gas evolution overpotential is an ideal strategy for developing new aqueous battery system based on reversible lithium insertion/extraction reactions in aqueous electrolyte.
Architecture and intrinsic connections of the prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey (1989)

Abstract An investigation of the architectonic organization and intrinsic connections of the prefrontal cortex was conducted in rhesus monkeys. Cytoarchitectonic analysis indicates that in the prefrontal cortex there are two trends of gradual change in laminar characteristics that can be traced from limbic periallocortex towards isocortical areas. The stepwise change in laminar features is characterized by the emergence and gradual increase in the width of granular layer IV, by an increase in the size of pyramidal cells in layers III and V, and by a higher cell‐packing density in the supragranular layers. Myeloarchitectonic analysis reveals that the limbic areas are poorly myelinated, adjacent areas have a diffuse myelin content confined to the deep layers, and in isocortices the myelinated fibers are distributed in organized horizontal bands (of Baillarger) and a vertical plexus. Using the above architectonic criteria, we observed that one of the architectonic trends takes a radial basoventral course from the periallocortex in the caudal orbitofrontal region to the adjacent proisocortex and then to area 13. The next stage of architectonic regions includes orbital areas 12, 11, and 14, which is followed by area 10, lateral area 12, and the rostral part of ventral area 46. The last group includes the caudal part of ventral area 46 and ventral area 8. The other trend takes a mediodorsal course from the periallocortex around the rostral portion of the corpus callosum to the adjacent proisocortical areas 24, 25, and 32 and then to the medially situated isocortical areas 9, 10, and 14. The next stage includes lateral areas 10 and 9 and the rostral part of dorsal area 46. The last group includes the caudal part of dorsal area 46 and dorsal area 8. The interconnections of subdivisions of the basoventral and mediodorsal cortices were studied with the aid of anterograde and retrograde tracers. Within each trend a given area projects in two directions: to adjoining regions belonging to succeeding architectonic stages on the one hand, and to nearby regions from the preceding architectonic stage on the other. In each direction there is more than one region involved in this projection system, paralleling the radial nature of architectonic change. Periallo‐ and proisocortices have widespread intrinsic connections, whereas isocortices situated at a distance from limbic areas, such as area 8, have restricted connections. Most interconnections are limited to areas within the same architectonic trend. However, there are links between cortices from the two trends, and these seem to occur between areas that are at a similar stage of architectonic differentiation. The results suggest that there are two architectonically, and perhaps functionally, distinct axes within the prefrontal cortex. The earliest stages within each axis, which have widespread connections, may have a global role in neural processing. On the other hand, the latest stages, which have restricted connections, may have a more specific role in processes associated with the frontal lobe.
Cleavage—Elimination of Diphenylmethane from 7,7-Diphenylbicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one in Base<sup>1</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCleavage—Elimination of Diphenylmethane from 7,7-Diphenylbicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one in Base1Richard N. McDonald and Albert C. KoveleskyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 5, 1433–1435Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01040a536https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01040a536research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Composite Abortable Locks (2006)

The need to allow threads to abort an attempt to acquire a lock (sometimes called a timeout) is an interesting new requirement driven by state-of-the-art database applications with soft real-time constraints. This paper presents a new composite abortable lock (CAL), a combination of abortable queue-based (QL) and test-and-set based backoff (BL) lock mechanisms, which provides non-blocking aborts while ensuring low space requirements without need for a memory reclamation scheme. The key observation motivating our approach is that the fast lock hand-off achieved by QLs only requires the first few threads to be queued (not all waiting threads), and that the remaining threads can run as in a BL. We developed an algorithm that uses only a short fixed size structure for queueing, allowing most threads to back-off. This reduces worst-case space overhead dramatically, and improves performance by eliminating the need for expensive and complicated memory management mechanisms. Experimental results show that our new CAL algorithm not only saves on space, it actually outperforms Scott's state-of-the-art nonblocking abortable QL under contention, and even more so when there are more threads than processors. Moreover, as the rate of lock aborts increases, the CAL continues to perform well, while Scott's algorithm deteriorates rapidly
Geometrisch enantiomorphe Cyclobutan‐Derivate (1982)

Geometrically Enantiomorphic Cyclobutane Derivatives The concept of geometrical enantiomorphism of unsaturated molecules is generalized to cover other planar rectangular arrangements of four ligands of which two are enantiomorphic. Three pairs of geometrically enantiomorphic cyclobutane derivatives were prepared, their configurations were established, and their CD. was investigated. The construction of a catalogue of possible stereoisomers from ligands of different types attached to an achiral core is discussed using a rectangle as example of such a core.
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of multiple myeloma: An overview of published reports (1996)

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was first explored for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) in the mid 1980s. Since then, there has been a rapidly growing clinical demand for the use of this modality of treatment, so that the number of patients receiving worldwide transplants from HLA-identical siblings is actually estimated to be at least several hundreds. Although it is difficult to compare results between different centers because of differences in patient characteristics, selection criteria for transplantation and conditioning regimens, a certain number of conclusions have emerged from these experiences. There is evidence that allogeneic BMT performed in different phases of MM and with different conditioning regimens yields a high frequency of complete remissions (CR), in the range of 50% to 60%, and long-term survival and remission rates, both averaging approximately 20%. Although a toxic-related mortality rate of 40% has been consistently reported for many years, the outcome of patients in whom BMT was performed as consolidation of remission has recently improved. Prior responsiveness to conventional chemotherapy, also the presence of low tumor cell mass (both at diagnosis and before transplant) predicts for increased CR rate (up to 70% or more), as well as long-term survival and remission rates (both averaging approximately 50%). The continued relapse-free survival, up to and beyond ten years, reported for some of these patients provides strong evidence that allogeneic BMT has the potential ability to cure MM, probably as the result of an immunologic effect of the infused donor's marrow T lymphocytes against residual myeloma cells (graft-versus-myeloma).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Prospective randomized Phase II trial of pegylated doxorubicin in the management of symptomatic hormone‐refractory prostate carcinoma (2004)

Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin yielded a noteworthy objective palliative response rate and a mean survival of 13 months for patients with symptomatic HRPCA. The dosage tested in the current study should be used in future Phase II and Phase III trials of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin-containing combination regimens for patients with HRPCA.
Properties of synthetic polymer modified bitumen concentrates and the effects of dilution by bitumen for application as binders (1986)

Increased elastic properties of bitumen for use as binders are obtained by blending with a styrene butadiene styrene (sbs) linear block copolymer above its glass temperature to produce a concentrate, which is diluted with various quantities of bitumen for use on pavements as a binder. Bitumen stabilisers and additives are used for reducing oxidation, thermal degradation, photochemical breakdown caused by uv light and adjusting aromaticity to obtain compatible blends. Physical properties were determined for the concentrate and blends prepared by dilution of the concentrate with various bitumens from different suppliers. The variability caused by using bitumen of the same classification from alternative suppliers was identified. Thermal degradation of the concentrate and blends were investigated in the temperature range of 110 to 190 degrees celsius, which provides guidelines for handling these materials before their use as binders. Subjective comments are made on their performance over periods of up to five years under climatic conditions of New South Wales and the Northern Territory. Results so far are encouraging (a).
A framework for design for testability of mixed analog/digital circuits (2002)

Three analog design-for-testability (DFT) schemes used to test the analog portion of a mixed-signal circuit are presented. The mixed-signal device-under-test is partitioned into analog and digital macros and structured access is provided to the analog macros to enhance observability and controllability. The proposed test methodology integrates analog testing with the existing digital test techniques to form a single DFT framework for mixed-signal devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cardiomyopathy syndrome in Atlantic salmon <i>Salmo salar</i> L.: A review of the current state of knowledge (2017)

Cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) is a severe cardiac disease affecting Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. The disease was first recognized in farmed Atlantic salmon in Norway in 1985 and subsequently in farmed salmon in the Faroe Islands, Scotland and Ireland. CMS has also been described in wild Atlantic salmon in Norway. The demonstration of CMS as a transmissible disease in 2009, and the subsequent detection and initial characterization of piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) in 2010 and 2011 were significant discoveries that gave new impetus to the CMS research. In Norway, CMS usually causes mortality in large salmon in ongrowing and broodfish farms, resulting in reduced fish welfare, significant management-related challenges and substantial economic losses. The disease thus has a significant impact on the Atlantic salmon farming industry. There is a need to gain further basic knowledge about the virus, the disease and its epidemiology, but also applied knowledge from the industry to enable the generation and implementation of effective prevention and control measures. This review summarizes the currently available, scientific information on CMS and PMCV with special focus on epidemiology and factors influencing the development of CMS.
Rapidity of antigenic modulation of Bordetella pertussis in modified Hornibrook medium (1981)

Modulation of Bordetella pertussis was induced by growth in Hornibrook medium with a high content of magnesium sulphate (C-medium); four pathophysiological activities in the cells or in the whole culture were measured at intervals. Modulation, shown by the extensive loss of protective antigen, histamine-sensitising factor, leuko-cytosis-promoting factor, heat-labile toxin and X-mode specific envelope proteins, occurred during the first 10 h of incubation of X-mode cells in C-medium at 35 degrees C and before the onset of the logarithmic phase of growth. The rapidity of these losses was greater than could be explained by a simple growth-dilution effect and did not appear to be due to release of activity into the culture fluid. It seemed, therefore, that there was selective destruction of pathophysiological activities as well as cessation of synthesis. The activities appeared to be lost at different rates. Mouse-protective activity was lost more rapidly than histamine-sensitising and leukocytosis-promoting activities; heat-labile toxicity was lost more slowly or less completely. Modulation was shown to be easily reversed.
A people counting method based on head detection and tracking (2014)

This paper proposes a novel people counting method based on head detection and tracking to evaluate the number of people who move under an over-head camera. There are four main parts in the proposed method: foreground extraction, head detection, head tracking, and crossing-line judgment. The proposed method first utilizes an effective foreground extraction method to obtain foreground regions of moving people, and some morphological operations are employed to optimize the foreground regions. Then it exploits a LBP feature based Adaboost classifier for head detection in the optimized foreground regions. After head detection is performed, the candidate head object is tracked by a local head tracking method based on Meanshift algorithm. Based on head tracking, the method finally uses crossing-line judgment to determine whether the candidate head object will be counted or not. Experiments show that our method can obtain promising people counting accuracy about 96% and acceptable computation speed under different circumstances.