gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving survival and efficacy of pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiac grafts (2013)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can be differentiated into structurally and electrically functional myocardial tissue and have the potential to regenerate large regions of infarcted myocardium. One of the key challenges that needs to be addressed towards full-scale clinical application of hESCs is enhancing survival of the transplanted cells within ischaemic or scarred, avascular host tissue. Shortly after transplantation, most hESCs are lost as a result of multiple mechanical, cellular and host factors, and a large proportion of the remaining cells undergo apoptosis or necrosis shortly thereafter, as a result of loss of adhesion-related signals, ischaemia, inflammation or immunological rejection. Blocking the apoptotic signalling pathways of the cells, using pro-survival cocktails, conditioning hESCs prior to transplant, promoting angiogenesis, immunosuppressing the host and using of bioengineered matrices are among the emerging techniques that have been shown to optimize cell survival. This review presents an overview of the current strategies for optimizing cell and host tissue to improve the survival and efficacy of cardiac cells derived from pluripotent stem cells.
Gangliosides activate Trk receptors by inducing the release of neurotrophins (2002)

We used NIH‐3T3 fibroblasts expressing the different Trk receptors to examine whether GM1 ganglioside and its semisynthetic derivative LIGA20 activate various neurotrophin receptors. GM1 elicited a rapid activation of TrkC and TrkA, but not TrkB, tyrosine phosphorylation. In contrast, LIGA20 activated TrkB tyrosine phosphorylation only. These data suggest that gangliosides may act as ligands for specific Trk receptors similar to the neurotrophins. To test this hypothesis, we performed Scatchard analysis to determine if GM1 binds to the TrkC receptor. GM1 failed to displace neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3) binding suggesting that gangliosides are not ligands for the Trk receptors. Moreover, GM1 did not activate a TNF/Trk chimeric receptor. We next determined whether gangliosides induce the release of neurotrophins. NIH‐3T3 cells and cerebellar granule neurons were exposed to GM1 or LIGA20 for 5 min and the levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and NT‐3 measured in the medium. GM1 induced a significant increase in the amount of NT‐3, but not BDNF. In contrast, LIGA20 increased the secretion of BDNF, suggesting that gangliosides differentially affect the release of neurotrophins, which, in turn, activate Trk receptors. Therefore, Trk tyrosine phosphorylation was determined in the presence of Trk‐IgG receptor bodies. TrkB‐IgG, but not TrkC‐IgG, inhibited LIGA20‐mediated induction of TrkB tyrosine phosphorylation, while TrkC‐IgG, but not TrkB‐IgG, inhibited GM1‐mediated activation of TrkC, further suggesting that gangliosides activate Trk receptors by inducing the release of endogenous neurotrophins.
The effect of oxidation-expanded defects upon MOS parameters (1977)

Implantation of Ne ions was chosen as a means of introducing a uniformly distributed quantitatively controllable and reproducible amount of microdefects at the silicon surface. Each wafer was ion implanted on one-half of its surface, the other half remaining as a control. Seven implant fluences from 1×1012 to 5×1014 Ne cm−2 were used. The fluences, as well as the concentrations of defects expanded by the subsequent gate oxidation, were correlated with seven different MOS parameters. For implant fluences of 1×1014 cm−2 and above, increasing stacking-fault densities were found. The oxide defect density associated with time-dependent breakdown increased significantly with Ne dose. The presence of oxidation-expanded defects drastically increases the surface-generation velocity and decreases the bulk lifetime. Slight increases in flatband voltage and surface-state density occurred only for the wafers having the greatest defect concentrations. Oxidation of a P-containing damaged silicon surface results in a greater pileup of P at the surface than occurs for the oxidation of a similar but undamaged surface. It appears that the expanding defects restrain the diffusion of P inward from the surface.
Complete and exact identification of self-sustained oscillations in relay sampled-data systems (1963)

A simple and systematic approach is presented to obtain the complete, exact, and exhaustive description of limit cycles that may exist in a relay sampled-data control system. The final expression in its closed form is obtained by simple substitution. There is no restriction on the order of the plant, nor does the feedback have to be unity. The period of the oscillation poses no problem in the approach presented. Clear and explicit relations between the self-sustained oscillations and system parameters have been established.
<i>In Vitro</i> Control of the Embryonic Form of <i>Xenopus laevis</i> by Activin A: Time and Dose‐Dependent Inducing Properties of Activin‐Treated Ectoderm (1994)

The inducing properties of activin‐treated ectoderm of Xenopus laevis were examined by the preculture and sandwich culture methods. Presumptive ectodermal sheets of the late blastula were treated with 10–100 ng/ml of activin A and precultured for 0–7 hr in Steinberg's solution. They were then sandwiched between two sheets of ectoderm from other late blastulae. Ectoderm precultured for a short term induced trunk‐tail structures, whereas that precultured for a long term induced head structures in addition to trunk‐tail structures. These time‐dependent changes in inducing properties occurred more rapidly when the concentration of activin A was higher. These results suggest that the activin‐treated ectoderm functioned as a “head organizer” or “trunk‐tail organizer” depending upon the concentration of activin A and the duration of preculture. To trace the cell lineage of the sandwich explants, activin‐treated ectoderm labeled with fluorescein‐dextran‐amine (FDA) was used in this study. The explants sandwiching the long term‐precultured ectoderm formed head structures equipped with non‐labeled neural tissues (brain and eye) as well as FDA‐labeled mesodermal tissues. These results suggest that the activin‐treated ectoderm mainly differentiates into mesodermal tissues and induces neural tissues as the organizer does in normal development.
Improvement of Solar Cells Efficiency by Response Surface Method based on Multivariate Analysis Models (2011)

Response surface method based on multivariate analysis models is applied to search manufacturing conditions which improve conversion efficiency of Fuji Electric's newly developed thin film solar cells in its trial manufacturing. Difficulties in this problem include: 1. The manufacturing process has many condition parameters to determine, and design of experiments (DoE) is difficult to apply, 2. Obtained data contains lots of noise caused by fluctuation of properties in manufacturing apparatus under same condition settings. Sets of new methodologies have been developed to cope with these difficulties as follow: 1. Data pretreatment suitable for solar cell manufacturing process, 2. Response surface method using partial least squares with nonlinear term, 3. Optimization method searching within interpolation in multivariate search space and with correlations of variables kept.
Methods of engineering mathematics (1993)

Matrices linear algebra eigenvalue problems and quadatic forms infinite series function space and fourier series mathematical models in mechanics introduction to the theory of linear partial differential equations methods of solving second order partial differential equations linear operator theory in mechanics variational methods for boundary-value problems applications of variational methods an introduction to finite element methods.
A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in serum and urine samples. (1988)

In this solid-phase competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in serum or urine, antiserum to human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein is incubated with solid-phase-bound alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in the presence of standard or sample. Incubation with second antibody labeled with alkaline phosphatase then follows, before development with substrate. Results obtained correlate well with a fluorescent assay involving the dye Auramine O (r = 0.953) and with radial immunodiffusion (r = 0.921). The present assay covers the range 0.2 to 5 mg/L and 16 samples take 2.5 h to complete. This assay is useful for measuring concentrations of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in serum and also in urine, for which other assay methods are not sufficiently sensitive.
CARBOMETHOXY DERIVATIVES OF 1,2-DIMETHYLENEBENZOCYCLOBUTENE AND 1-KETO-2-METHYLENEBENZOCYCLOBUTENE (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCARBOMETHOXY DERIVATIVES OF 1,2-DIMETHYLENEBENZOCYCLOBUTENE AND 1-KETO-2-METHYLENEBENZOCYCLOBUTENEM. P. Cava and R. J. PohlCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 19, 5242Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01504a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01504a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Physiologically Based Speech Synthesis (1992)

This study demonstrates a paradigm for modeling speech production based on neural networks. Using physiological data from speech utterances, a neural network learns the forward dynamics relating motor commands to muscles and the ensuing articulator behavior that allows articulator trajectories to be generated from motor commands constrained by phoneme input strings and global performance parameters. From these movement trajectories, a second neural network generates PARCOR parameters that are then used to synthesize the speech acoustics.
Aircraft Acceleration Sensitive Inertia Reel Lock. (1982)

The Navy has designed, built and tested an aircraft acceleration sensitive inertia reel lock for crewmember positioning and restraint during eyeballs out (-gx) accelerations such as during an aircraft flat spin. The design is simple and retrofittable to many ejection seats. Centrifuge tests at NADC indicate the locking device performs effectively and reliably. (Author)
Steroid biotransformations in biphasic systems with Yarrowia lipolytica expressing human liver cytochrome P450 genes (2012)

Alkane-assimilating yeast Y. lipolytica, coupled with the described expression strategies, demonstrated its high potential for biotransformations of hydrophobic substrates in two-liquid biphasic systems. Especially organic solvents which can be efficiently taken up and/or metabolized by the cell might enable more efficient bioconversion as compared to aqueous systems and even enable simple, continuous or at least high yield long time processes.
Evaluation of trace element release from fluidized-bed combustion systems. Final report, December 1975--January 1977 (1978)

The report gives results of an investigation of four trace elements: lead, beryllium, mercury, and fluorine. The chemical fate of minor and trace elements is important in assessing the environmental impact of the fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) process and, for certain elements, in determining the potential for deposits or corrosion in process equipment. Equilibrium product distributions for these elements, at operating conditions corresponding to atmospheric and pressurized FBC systems, are projected on the basis of thermodynamic calculations. Results show which elements are likely to be volatilized in the high-temperature zone of the combustor and which are likely to condense on cooling the gases. The projections are compared with available experimental plant data. Alternatives for continuously monitoring the release of the four toxic trace elements in the laboratory were also investigated. The thermodynamic analysis shows that essentially all the lead, mercury, fluorine, and beryllium can be volatilized in the FB combustor. Partial beryllium and fluorine condensation in the form of clay and alkali compounds will occur. Lead condensation is affected by the chlorine available. These thermodynamic projections provide a basis for experimental and monitoring studies. Initial plant data generally confirm the projections.
Quinones and Related Compounds in Higher Plants. VII. Supplementary Studies on the Constituents of the Wood of Catalpa ovata (1979)

Two new compounds, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl triacontanoate (10) and 1-octacosanoyl glyceride (11), along with two known compounds, tetracosanoic acid (12) and n-hexacosyl ferulate (13), were isolated from the wood of Catalpa ovata G. DON and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and chemical degradations. Furthermore, catalponone (8), a key biosynthetic intermediate of prenylnaphthoquinone congeners of the plant, and deoxylapachol (9) were isolated for the first time from the same wood.
Electron reactions and electron transfer reactions catalyzed by micellar systems (1975)

The kinetics of the reaction of hydrated electrons with pyrene, pyrene butyric acid, and pyrene sulfonic acid (PSA) have been investigated in aqueous solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). With all three solubilizates the formation of the electron adduct (P−) occurs very rapidly with rate constants ≳1011M−1⋅sec−1. These abnormally high rate constants are shown to be due to fast trapping of eaq− in the positive potential field of the micelle and subsequent efficient penetration of electrons into the micellar interior. A similar enhancement was observed for electron transfer reactions between CO−2 and solutes solubilized in or on the micelle. For example CO−2 readily transfers an electron to pyrene sulfonic acid on the surface of the micelle. This reaction does not occur in homogeneous solution but is catalyzed by the positive electrostatic surface potential. Addition of electrolyte drastically reduces the rate of eaq− and CO2− with solubilizates. The Debye−Hückel theory of electrolytes was invoked to elucidate the role of the charged micellar interface in facilitating the penetration of the electron into the micelle and promoting the electron transfer reaction on the surface. Ion distributions were calculated via solution of a Poisson−Boltzmann equation, generalized to take into account the probable change of the microscopic dielectric constant in the vicinity of the micellar interface.
EduCHI 2019 Symposium (2019)

At CHI 2018, a workshop on developing a community of practice to support global HCI education was held, building on six years of research and collaboration in the area of HCI education. Many themes emerged from the workshop activities and discussions. Two particularly stood out: creating channels for discussions related to HCI education and providing a platform for sharing HCI curricula and teaching experiences. To that end, we are organizing a CHI 2019 symposium dedicated exclusively to HCI education: EduCHI 2019: Global Perspectives on HCI Education. The symposium will focus on the canons of HCI education in 2019 and beyond. It will offer a venue for HCI educators across disciplinary and geographical borders to discuss, dissect, and debate HCI teaching and learning. Through keynote addresses, paper presentations, and a panel discussion, we aim to discuss current and future HCI education trends, curricula, pedagogies, teaching practices, and diverse and inclusive HCI education. Post-symposium initiatives will aim to document and publish the discussions from the symposium.
CxGELSIX: A Novel Preparation of Type VI Collagen with Possible Use as a Biomaterial (2000)

The results of this study suggest that CxGelsix is potentially useful as a biomaterial.
Reaction of Cyclopentadiene with Hemiacetal Chlorides (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of Cyclopentadiene with Hemiacetal ChloridesROSTYSLAW DOWBENKOCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 3, 787–791Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01050a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01050a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Investigation of the dealumination of high silica zeolite A (ZK-4) by 29Si magic-angle-spinning n.m.r. spectroscopy (1984)

The high-field (11.7 T)29Si magic-angle-spinning n.m.r. spectrum of the completely siliceous analogue of zeolite A, prepared by hydrothermally dealuminating zeolite ZK-4, which consists of a single sharp sharp resonance at –112.9 p.p.m. from Me4Si is indicative of the removal of all the lattice aluminium and retention of the crystalline framework; powder X-ray diffraction measurements confirm that this novel material retains the framework topology of zeolite A.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Pulmonary characteristics in COPD and mechanisms of increased work of breathing. (2009)

Mechanical characteristics and gas exchange inefficiencies of the lungs contribute to increased work of ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at rest and exercise, and the energy cost of ventilation is increased in COPD at any external work level. Assuming typical ventilatory variables and respiratory characteristics, we estimated the relative contributions of inspiratory and expiratory resistance, dynamic elastance, intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure, and gas exchange inefficiency to the work of breathing, finding that the last of these is likely to be of major importance. Dynamic hyperinflation can be seen as both an impediment to inspiratory muscle function and an essential component of adaptation to severe obstruction. Extrinsic restriction, in which the chest wall fails to achieve and maintain abnormally high lung volumes in COPD, can limit ventilatory function and contribute to disability. PMID: 19359620 Funding information This work was supported by: NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL090897 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL085188 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 HL095491 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: K24 HL093218 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: HL-52586
Tspan2: a tetraspanin protein involved in oligodendrogenesis and cancer metastasis (2017)

Tetraspanin 2 (Tspan2) is one of the less well-characterised members of the tetraspanin superfamily, and its precise function in different human tissue types remains to be explored. Initial studies have highlighted its possible association in neuroinflammation and carcinogenesis. In the central nervous system, Tspan2 may contribute to the early stages of the oligodendrocyte differentiation into myelin-forming glia. Furthermore, in human lung cancer, Tspan2 could be involved in the progression of the tumour metastasis by modulating cancer cell motility and invasion functions. In this review, we discuss the available evidence for the potential role of Tspan2 and introduce possible strategies for disease targeting.
Novel Periodic Copolymers Consisting of Ester and Amide Units with the Same Carbon Numbers:  Effects of Comonomeric and Sequential Structures on Crystalline Structures and Physical Properties (2006)

Four novel series of periodic copolymers composed of ester and amide units with the same carbon numbers were synthesized by two-step polycondensation reactions using adipate, linear aliphatic diols, and diamines with various chain lengths, ranging from 3 to 6 methylene groups. Effects of the comonomeric and sequential structures on the physical properties and crystalline structures were investigated for the obtained copolymer series by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and tensile testing. The thermal properties of obtained periodic copolymer series were found to be strongly dependent on both comonomeric and sequential structures, and the values showed remarkable differences between neighboring methylene numbers in the comonomer units. Such thermal behavior was strongly correlated to the wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns, with some copolymers displaying patterns similar to homopolyesters, while other copolymers had diffraction patterns that were very different than the homopolyester, dependent on the comonomeric and sequential structures. These results suggest that the molecular chain arrangements and their intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions based on the ester-amide sequential structure play an important role in the formation of a thermally stable crystalline region. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of periodic copolymers were determined from the stress−strain curves of film samples.