gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PERCEPTIONS OF FINANCIAL SPECIALISTS AND SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS ABOUT FUTURE REVENUE SOURCES AND ALLOCATIONS FOR PUBLIC EDUCATION IN INDIANA (1983)

The major purpose of this study was to answer four questions about future sources and amounts of money to support public education and how this money would be earmarked and allocated to meet the costs in Indiana. The participants for this study included individuals with differing amounts of expertise in public school finance in Indiana. They were placed into four distinct groups: financial specialists, and superintendents from large, medium, and small size school corporations. The initial task of the participants was to suggest statements describing the future status of revenue sources and their allocations to meet educational costs as they might be by 1995. Appropriate categories for the statements were suggested to the participants. The statements were collated, edited, and returned to the participants for two rounds of Delphi type response-feedback-response. Kendall's coefficient of concordance was used to determine if the four groups were using the same criterion in assigning percentages to the statements within each revenue source and allocation fund category. A standard was then established to determine the strength of agreement of the statements. The financial specialists served as the criterion; therefore, no statement was analyzed unless first the specialists were in strong agreement. Additional strength was given to the statement if some or all groups of superintendents were in strong agreement with the specialists. Based on these results, seven conclusions may be appropriately drawn: (1) There will be no major shift in federal revenue sources by 1995; (2) State revenue sources will increase by several percentage points between 1985 and 1995; (3) In the future local revenue sources will decline; (4) General fund allocations will not see an appreciable change from 1985 through 1995; (5) Allocations for capital outlay from the cumulative building fund will decrease through 1995; (6) There is little probability of any new sources of revenue to finance public education in Indiana by 1995; and (7) There is little probability of any new allocation funds to help meet the costs of public education in Indiana in the years ahead.
Light‐Driven Titanium‐Dioxide‐Based Reversible Microfireworks and Micromotor/Micropump Systems (2010)

Abstract Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) possesses high photocatalytic activity, which can be utilized to power the autonomous motion of microscale objects. This paper presents the first examples of TiO 2 micromotors and micropumps. UV‐induced TiO 2 reversible microfireworks phenomenon was observed and diffusiophoresis has been proposed as a possible mechanism.
Modelling on c-Si/a-Si:H wire solar cells: some key parameters to optimize the photovoltaic performance (2012)

Solar cells based on silicon nano- or micro-wires have attracted much attention as a promising path for low cost photovoltaic technology. The key point of this structure is the decoupling of the light absorption from the carriers collection. In order to predict and optimize the performance potential of p- (or n-) doped c-Si/ n-(or p-) doped a-Si:H nanowire-based solar cells, we have used the Silvaco-Atlas software to model a single-wire device. In particular, we have noticed a drastic decrease of the open-circuit voltage (Voc) when increasing the doping density of the silicon core beyond an optimum value. We present here a detailed study of the parameters that can alter the Voc of c-Si(p)/a-Si:H (n) wires according to the doping density in c-Si. A comparison with simulation results obtained on planar c-Si/a-Si:H heterojunctions shows that the drop in Voc, linked to an increase of the dark current in both structures, is more pronounced for radial junctions due to geometric criteria. These numerical modelling results have lead to a better understanding of transport phenomena within the wire.
The New LEIR Digital Low-Level RF System (2017)

CERN's Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) low-level RF (LLRF) system has been successfully upgraded in 2016 to the new digital, LLRF family for frequency-sweeping synchrotrons developed at CERN. For LEIR it implements not only beam loops but also the voltage and phase loops required for the control of two Finemet-based High-Level RF (HLRF) systems. This paper gives an overview of the system and of new requirements implemented, such as the parallel operation of two HLRF systems. Beam results for the 2016 lead ions run are also shown.
Which is the Most Appropriate Disconnection Surgery for Refractory Epilepsy in Childhood? (2013)

Children with unilobar or multilobar pathology issuing in refractory epilepsy are potential candidates for surgical treatment. Extensive surgery results in good seizure control, but it also increases the risk of neurological deficits as well as motor and mental problems. We reviewed the cases of 19 children with refractory epilepsy treated surgically at Osaka University Hospital. Four of the 19 patients underwent temporal disconnection, 2 underwent occipital lobectomy, 4 underwent temporoparietooccipital disconnection, 6 underwent functional hemispherotomy, and 3 underwent corpus callosotomy. A good surgical outcome, i.e., Engel’s class I or II, was achieved in 12 (63%) of the 19 patients. Excellent surgical outcomes and satisfactory motor and mental development were achieved in 4 patients who underwent temporoparietooccipital disconnection. The outcomes of functional hemispherectomy were also satisfactory. The outcomes of temporal disconnection and corpus callosotomy were poor in comparison to outcomes of the other procedures. We believe that better surgical outcomes would have been achieved with temporoparietooccipital disconnection in some cases treated by temporal disconnection or occipital resection. Adequate extensive surgical procedures should be considered for refractory childhood epilepsy arising from unilobar or multilobar pathology.
Front Cover: Protonation of Pyruvic Acid – Synthesis of a plain Superelectrophile (Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 14/2022) (2022)

This cover picture shows the plain superelectrophile [C2(OH)3Me]2+ that is constructed by the superacidic systems HF/MF5 (M=As, Sb) from pyruvic acid. The analysis of the excavated single crystals showed strong C⋅⋅⋅F interactions, which are illustrated in the top right. These interactions shorten the central C−C bond. This is represented by the two bulldozers that are steered by HF molecules working on the construction site, pushing together the C−C bond. More details are found in the research article by Alan Virmani, Martina Pfeiffer, Christoph Jessen, Yvonne Morgenstern, and Andreas J. Kornath.(DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200005).
Effects of tyramine on a spinal reflex in the anaesthetised chick (1964)

Abstract The effects of tyramine on polysynaptic spinal reflexes in anaesthetised chicks and cats have been studied. Very large intravenous doses of tyramine depressed the reflexly evoked contractions of skeletal muscles by an action exerted in the spinal cord. Since tyramine is normally present in the central nervous system, its function may be to exert some inhibitory controlling influence on muscular activity.
The Chemokine CCL2 Protects Against Methylmercury Neurotoxicity (2011)

Industrial pollution due to heavy metals such as mercury is a major concern for the environment and public health. Mercury, in particular methylmercury (MeHg), primarily affects brain development and neuronal activity, resulting in neurotoxic effects. Because chemokines can modulate brain functions and are involved in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, we tested the possibility that the neurotoxic effect of MeHg may interfere with the chemokine CCL2. We have used an original protocol in young mice using a MeHg-contaminated fish-based diet for 3 months relevant to human MeHg contamination. We observed that MeHg induced in the mice cortex a decrease in CCL2 concentrations, neuronal cell death, and microglial activation. Knock-out (KO) CCL2 mice fed with a vegetal control food already presented a decrease in cortical neuronal cell density in comparison with wild-type animals under similar diet conditions, suggesting that the presence of CCL2 is required for normal neuronal survival. Moreover, KO CCL2 mice showed a pronounced neuronal cell death in response to MeHg. Using in vitro experiments on pure rat cortical neurons in culture, we observed by blockade of the CCL2/CCR2 neurotransmission an increased neuronal cell death in response to MeHg neurotoxicity. Furthermore, we showed that sod genes are upregulated in brain of wild-type mice fed with MeHg in contrast to KO CCL2 mice and that CCL2 can blunt in vitro the decrease in glutathione levels induced by MeHg. These original findings demonstrate that CCL2 may act as a neuroprotective alarm system in brain deficits due to MeHg intoxication.
Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase: A Potential Target for the Development of Drugs to Treat T-Cell- and Apicomplexan Parasite-Mediated Diseases (2007)

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of nucleosides and deoxynucleosides, generating ribose 1-phosphate and the purine base, which is an important step of purine catabolism pathway. The lack of such an activity in humans, owing to a genetic disorder, causes T-cell impairment, and thus drugs that inhibit human PNP activity have the potential of being utilized as modulators of the immunological system to treat leukemia, autoimmune diseases, and rejection in organ transplantation. Besides, the purine salvage pathway is the only possible way for apicomplexan parasites to obtain the building blocks for RNA and DNA synthesis, which makes PNP from these parasites an attractive target for drug development against diseases such as malaria. Hence, a number of research groups have made efforts to elucidate the mechanism of action of PNP based on structural and kinetic studies. It is conceivable that the mechanism may be different for PNPs from diverse sources, and influenced by the oligomeric state of the enzyme in solution. Furthermore, distinct transition state structures can make possible the rational design of specific inhibitors for human and apicomplexan enzymes. Here, we review the current status of these research efforts to elucidate the mechanism of PNP-catalyzed chemical reaction, focusing on the mammalian and Plamodium falciparum enzymes, targets for drug development against, respectively, T-Cell- and Apicomplexan parasites-mediated diseases.
Simultaneous Synthesis and Densification of Titanium Oxycarbide, Ti(C,O), through Gas–Solid Combustion (2003)

The synthesis of titanium oxycarbide through a solid–gas combustion was investigated. Titanium powders containing TiC additive at levels ranging from 0 to 50 wt% were combusted in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide gas, at pressures ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 MPa. The characteristics of the synthesis process and the properties of the resulting product were found to depend on the level of the TiC additive and on the pressure of the carbon dioxide gas. Dense oxycarbides (∼96% relative density) with Vickers microhardness of ∼18 GPa were synthesized. In addition, the process presents a possible method for the fixation of carbon dioxide gas for the synthesis of useful materials.
P1‐411: Megalin expression in neurons: A negative regulator of axon branching in Alzheimer′s disease (2008)

Little is known about the role of lipoprotein receptor-related protein-2 (LRP2)/megalin in the central nervous system (CNS). Previous studies have indicated that megalin, an endocytic receptor that binds multiple ligands, is expressed in ventricular ependymal cells, choroid plexus epithelium, and endothelial cells, but absent from neurons in the adult brain. It is likely that in the structures where megalin has been detected it participates in endocytosis and transport of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) complex across vascular membranes, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier at the choroid plexus. However, a recent study has detected megalin expression in cerebellar granule neurons, and spinal chord oligodendrocytes. In order to elucidate megalin's role in the adult brain, in this study, we identified megalin expression in neurons of healthy and Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. By blocking megalin expression in cultured neurons using a lentivirus, we demonstrate that a trimeric complex comprised by APP, FE65, and megalin is involved in axon branching. Taken together, our results indicate that it is likely that megalin not only acts as an endocytic receptor for Aβ, but also can serve as a signaling molecule for neuronal events.
Tissue‐engineered tear secretory system: Functional lacrimal gland acinar cells cultured on matrix protein‐coated substrata (2006)

Abstract Dry eye is a general term that refers to a myriad of ophthalmic disorders resulting in the inadequate wetting of the corneal surface by the tear film. Dry eyes are typically treated by the application of artificial tears. However, patients with lacrimal insufficiencies such as Stevens‐Johnson syndrome, chemical and thermal injuries, or ocular cicatricial pemphigoid have very limited options because of the short duration and action of lubricating agents. As a therapeutic strategy, we are working to develop a bioengineered tear secretory system for such patients. This article describes the growth and physiological properties of purified rabbit lacrimal gland acinar cells (pLGACs) on several matrix protein‐coated polymers such as silicone, collagen I, copolymers of poly‐ D,L ‐lactide‐ co ‐glycolide (PLGA; 85:15 and 50:50), poly‐ L ‐lactic acid (PLLA), and Thermanox® plastic cell culture coverslips. Monolayers of acinar cells were established on all of the polymeric substrata. An assay of β‐hexosaminidase activity in the supernatant medium showed significant increases in protein secretion, following stimulation with 100 μ M carbachol on matrix protein‐coated and uncoated polymers such as silicone, PLGA 85:15, and PLLA. Our study demonstrates that PLLA supported the morphological and physiological properties of purified rabbit lacrimal gland epithelial cells more successfully than the others. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
Sensitivity of Endothelial Cell Response to the Onset Rate of Shear Stress (1996)

Abstract Bovine pulmonary aortic endothelial cells (BPAEC) exposed to controlled levels of fluid shear stress in the absence of ATP exhibited transient intracellular free calcium (Ca2+i) responses that were sensitive to the onset rate of shear stress (ORSS). A coaxial parallel-disk device was used to control the application of a high (&gt;900 dyn/cm s−1) or low (&lt; 6 dyn/cm s−1) ORSS. The high rate elicited greater peak responses and final levels of intracellular free calcium concentrations, [Ca2+]i, compared to the low rate. The ORSS appears to be an important parameter characterizing the mechanical environment of endothelial cells and may play a role in their differential responses in disturbed versus undisturbed flow regions.
Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide activation of 7OZ/3 cells by anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies. (1988)

We have investigated the ability of mAb against LPS to inhibit LPS-induced activation of 7OZ/3 pre-B cells. The fine specificity and relative affinity of these mAb for lipid A and LPS were also determined. We found that antibodies inhibited only the activity of glycolipids which they bound with relatively high affinity. However, two high affinity antibodies binding to non-lipid A epitopes did not block cellular activation. Some, but not all, relatively high affinity antibodies binding to the lipid A region of the LPS molecule inhibited biologic activity. The inhibitory antibodies bound to at least two distinct epitopes within the lipid A region. These data suggest that LPS interacts with 7OZ/3 cells in a highly specific fashion.
The complex genetic architecture of shoot growth natural variation in Arabidopsis thaliana (2019)

One of the main outcomes of quantitative genetics approaches to natural variation is to reveal the genetic architecture underlying the phenotypic space. Complex genetic architectures are described as including numerous loci (or alleles) with small-effect and/or low-frequency in the populations, interactions with the genetic background, environment or age. Linkage or association mapping strategies will be more or less sensitive to this complexity, so that we still have an unclear picture of its extent. By combining high-throughput phenotyping under two environmental conditions with classical QTL mapping approaches in multiple Arabidopsis thaliana segregating populations as well as advanced near isogenic lines construction and survey, we have attempted to improve our understanding of quantitative phenotypic variation. Integrative traits such as those related to vegetative growth used in this work (highlighting either cumulative growth, growth rate or morphology) all showed complex and dynamic genetic architecture with respect to the segregating population and condition. The more resolutive our mapping approach, the more complexity we uncover, with several instances of QTLs visible in near isogenic lines but not detected with the initial QTL mapping, indicating that our phenotyping accuracy was less limiting than the mapping resolution with respect to the underlying genetic architecture. In an ultimate approach to resolve this complexity, we intensified our phenotyping effort to target specifically a 3Mb-region known to segregate for a major quantitative trait gene, using a series of selected lines recombined every 100kb. We discovered that at least 3 other independent QTLs had remained hidden in this region, some with trait- or condition-specific effects, or opposite allelic effects. If we were to extrapolate the figures obtained on this specific region in this particular cross to the genome- and species-scale, we would predict hundreds of causative loci of detectable phenotypic effect controlling these growth-related phenotypes.
[Acid reduction and ulcer healing through vagotomy: is an inhibition of histamine release an essential reason for this?]. (1978)

In a prospective, consecutive study the histamine content of corpus mucosa and the basal and maximally stimulated acid output were measured in male patients who had selective vagotomy to correct a chronic duodenal ulcer. The increase in histamine content after vagotomy was directly proportional to a decrease in maximum acid output. The relationships between histamine content, recurrent ulcer, and reduction in acid output point to a causal relationship between inhibition of histamine release and successful vagotomy.
Computer Evaluation of Kinematics of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions (2007)

Current clinical and instrumented outcome measurements of knee instability lack accuracy, especially when multiplanar instability is considered. The aim of our cadaveric study was to describe the kinematics in the intact, double bundle, and anteromedial bundle reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament knee by applying a protocol for computer-assisted evaluation of knee kinematics. An optical navigation system was used to acquire knee motion (n = 5) during clinical evaluations by tracking markers rigidly attached to the bones. The protocol included acquisition of anteroposterior translations and internal-external rotations and evaluation of three clinical knee laxity tests (anterior drawer, manual, and instrumented Lachman). Our anteroposterior translation data showed the double-bundle technique and anteromedial bundle technique could restore anteroposterior stability comparable to the intact state. For internal-external laxity, the double-bundle technique demonstrated overcorrection at 15 degrees, 60 degrees, 75 degrees, and 90 degrees. The anterior drawer and manual Lachman knee laxity tests showed improved stability for the double-bundle compared to the anteromedial bundle technique. This pilot study suggests the computation of knee laxity with a high precision method might be a step toward a more precise kinematic test of knee stability for evaluating different reconstruction methods.
Role of intramolecular bifunctional catalysis of ester hydrolysis in water (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRole of intramolecular bifunctional catalysis of ester hydrolysis in waterThomas C. Bruice and Tom Maugh IICite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 13, 3237–3248Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00742a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00742a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views815Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Feasibility study of constant energy synchronous luminescence spectrometry for pesticide determination: application to carbaryl, naphthol, and carbofuran (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFeasibility study of constant energy synchronous luminescence spectrometry for pesticide determination: application to carbaryl, naphthol, and carbofuranLeigh Ann Files and James D. WinefordnerCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1987, 35, 4, 471–474Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00076a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00076a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts