gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mining Fix Patterns for FindBugs Violations (2018)

Several static analysis tools, such as Splint or FindBugs, have been proposed to the software development community to help detect security vulnerabilities or bad programming practices. However, the adoption of these tools is hindered by their high false positive rates. If the false positive rate is too high, developers may get acclimated to violation reports from these tools, causing concrete and severe bugs being overlooked. Fortunately, some violations are actually addressed and resolved by developers. We claim that those violations that are recurrently fixed are likely to be true positives, and an automated approach can learn to repair similar unseen violations. However, there is lack of a systematic way to investigate the distributions on existing violations and fixed ones in the wild, that can provide insights into prioritizing violations for developers, and an effective way to mine code and fix patterns which can help developers easily understand the reasons of leading violations and how to fix them. In this paper, we first collect and track a large number of fixed and unfixed violations across revisions of software. The empirical analyses reveal that there are discrepancies in the distributions of violations that are detected and those that are fixed, in terms of occurrences, spread and categories, which can provide insights into prioritizing violations. To automatically identify patterns in violations and their fixes, we propose an approach that utilizes convolutional neural networks to learn features and clustering to regroup similar instances. We then evaluate the usefulness of the identified fix patterns by applying them to unfixed violations. The results show that developers will accept and merge a majority (69/116) of fixes generated from the inferred fix patterns. It is also noteworthy that the yielded patterns are applicable to four real bugs in the Defects4J major benchmark for software testing and automated repair.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk (2017)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The spectrum of disease ranges from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and progression to cirrhosis. Compelling evidence over the past several years has substantiated a significant link between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease ranging from coronary artery disease to subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Close follow up, treatment of risk factors for NAFLD, and cardiovascular risk stratification are necessary to predict morbidity and mortality in this subset of patients.
Long‐Term Compliance with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2008)

Although many patients with OSA derive subjective benefit from, and adhere to treatment with CPAP, a significant proportion of those so diagnosed either do not initiate or eventually abandon therapy. Initial experience with CPAP appears to be important, reinforcing the need for early education and support in these patients.
Local Extremes, Runs, Strings and Multiresolution (2001)

The paper considers the problem of nonparametric regression with emphasis on controlling the number of local extremes. Two methods, the run method and the taut-string multiresolution method, are introduced and analyzed on standard test beds. It is shown that the number and locations of local extreme values are consistently estimated. Rates of convergence are proved for both methods. The run method converges slowly but can withstand blocks as well as a high proportion of isolated outliers. The rate of convergence of the taut-string multiresolution method is almost optimal. The method is extremely sensitive and can detect very low power peaks. Section 1 contains an introduction with special reference to the number of local extreme values. The run method is described in Section 2 and the taut-string-multiresolution method in Section 3. Low power peaks are considered in Section 4. Section contains a comparison with other methods and Section 6 a short conclusion. The proofs are given in Section 7 and the taut-string algorithm is described in the Appendix.
The operation of a single-sided linear induction motor with squirrel-cage and solid-steel reaction rails (1980)

Two test programs have been conducted to evaluate the performance of a single-sided linear induction motor with a squirrel-cage reaction rail and with a solid steel reaction rail. A 1.73 m long 6- pole stator interacted with the rails mounted on the rim of a 7.6 m diameter wheel. A 64-channel data acquisition system allowed tests to be performed over a wide range of operating conditions at speeds up to 20m/sec. Typical test results which compare and contrast the mechanical, electrical and magnetic behaviour of the SLIM's are presented. The test data is being used to assess the SLIM as an integrated suspension/ propulsion system and for other transportation applications.
Cross-Presentation, Dendritic Cells, Tolerance and Immunity (2001)

This review examines the role of cross-presentation in tolerance and immunity. We discuss (a) the antigenic requirements for cross-presentation, (b) the phenotype of the antigen presenting cell (APC), (c) the cellular interactions and molecular signals involved in cross-priming, and (d) the factors that direct the immune system toward tolerance or immunity. A large part of this review is dedicated to summarizing our current knowledge of the cross-presenting APC.
Protein kinase C-activated calcium channel in the osteoblast-like clonal osteosarcoma cell line UMR-106. (1987)

The effects of protein kinase C stimulation on free cytosolic Ca2+ [( Ca2+]i) were studied in Fura 2-loaded UMR-106 cells. Stimulation of the protein kinase C with the tumor-promoting phorbol esters 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and phorbol 12,13-diacetate or 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol was followed by an increase in [Ca2+]i. The protein kinase C-induced increase in [Ca2+]i has a lag period, the duration of which was dependent on the stimulant and medium Ca2+ concentrations. With 2 microM TPA, the rise in [Ca2+]i peaked within 1.5 min, after which [Ca2+]i returned partially toward base line. The increase in [Ca2+]i was absolutely dependent on the presence of medium Ca2+ and was inhibited by the Ca2+ channel blockers nicardipine and verapamil. Cell stimulation also results in Ca2+ release from intracellular pool(s) which appears to be mediated by a Ca2+-dependent Ca2+ release mechanism. The reduction in [Ca2+]i was due to channel inactivation. Pretreatment of the cells with 1 nM TPA, 2 units/ml parathyroid hormone (PTH), or 15 microM forskolin blocked the effect of 2 microM TPA on [Ca2+]i. TPA and PTH were more potent inhibitors than was forskolin. The properties of this channel are compared to the cAMP-independent PTH-stimulated Ca2+ channel present in these cells.
Inorganic Polymer Chemistry. By F. G. R. Gimblett (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInorganic Polymer Chemistry. By F. G. R. GimblettB. P. BlockCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1964, 3, 9, 1337Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50019a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50019a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
When does Parkinson's disease begin? (1992)

A long preclinical or asymptomatic period may occur in Parkinson's disease (PD). Many long-latency parkinsonian syndromes exist. The presence of early-life risk factors is consistent with a long prodromal period. Marked degeneration of the substantia nigra and loss of striatal dopamine are necessary before clinical symptoms develop. Lewy bodies, the histological hallmark of PD, occur in 10% of normal individuals over age 50. Clinical symptoms develop slowly and are often intermittent in early PD. Nonmotor signs, eg, depression or sensory changes, often precede motor signs by many years. Reduction of striatal dopamine can be detected with PET in "at-risk" asymptomatic individuals. Individual sensitivity to drug-induced parkinsonism also suggests a preclinical state. Biologic markers may eventually be able to detect preclinical PD.
Dike intrusion as a trigger for large earthquakes and the failure of volcano flanks (1995)

Pore fluid pressures induced through dike intrusion have the capability to trigger large earthquakes and to initiate and sustain massive and catastrophic failure of volcano flanks. Suprahydrostatic pore pressures are generated as a result of both mechanical and thermal straining of the rock‐fluid medium. Mechanical strains and resulting pore pressures are described using an analogy to a moving volumetric dilation within a porous elastic medium. Thermal pore fluid pressures are simply represented by a static diffusive model subjected to uniform temperature rise at the dike interface. Resulting excess pore pressure distributions acting along the base of a wedge‐shaped slide block are used to define the stability of the flanks when subjected to the magma pressures that accompany intrusion. The destabilizing influence of mechanically induced pore pressures is maximized as the intruded width, or corresponding overpressure, of the dike is increased. For realistic parameter magnitudes in volcaniclastic materials, induced pore pressures are capable of initiating failure; however, the mechanical influence is restricted to the proximity of the intrusion, and by itself may not be capable of sustaining sliding motion once it is initiated. The destabilizing influence of thermally induced pore pressures is conditioned by the severity of thermal forcing, ratios of thermal and hydraulic diffusivities, and the time available for the combined thermal and pressure disturbance to propagate outward from the dike. Thermal pressurization of pore fluid extends more slowly than mechanical straining but is shown to be capable of developing massive uplift forces that could initiate and possibly sustain failure along downslope‐dipping failure planes. Deviatoric stress‐induced generation of pore pressures and frictional heating of pore fluids may act following slide initiation to maintain the impetus of flank failure and enable long runout over compressible marine sediments. In addition to the development of shallow failure, limited deep‐seated sliding may also result from the mechanical or thermal pore pressure loading mechanisms. In addition, pore pressures generated through intrusion or frictional heating may trigger, or amplify, large earthquakes, and these in turn may aid shallower flank slip through seismic ground accelerations and vibration‐induced pore pressure generation. These phenomenological models of pore pressure rise and stability control may aid comprehension of the cyclic growth, lateral expansion, and subsequent destruction of shield and stratovolcano flanks. Examples in this work refer particularly to oceanic volcanoes typified by the Hawaiian Islands and Réunion Island.
Comparison of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation, and conservative treatment for decompensated cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (2004)

The LRFA group of patients had better clinical outcomes in terms of survival and complication rates in comparison with the TACE group or conservative treatment in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, especially in TMN patients with stage II HCC. LRFA is thus an appropriate alternative treatment for poor liver function among patients with HCC.
Research and implementation of embedded audio system (2006)

Audio system is a very important part of the embedded multimedia system.Based on the dual-core Blackfin561 processor's characteristic,a very suitable hardware solution for the audio system is received.The main problem of the embedded audio system is analyzed,a software solution for the hardware structure is received.Some measure and policies,such as quiet test and synchronization,are used in software solution,and a driver for the application in embedded uCLinux is implemented,a good reference to chip driver de-velopment in embedded uCLinux is presented.
An inquiry into “The Copper Artifact Master Database (CAMD)” (2017)

<em>Author and Historian Monette Bebow-Reinhard has been working with copper ancient rarities since 2000, when she started her work with the Oconto County (Wisconsin) Historical Society, home of the most established copper entombment site in the country. She has been incorporating a database of copper ancient rarities all through the country with an end goal to track an exchange system. She is also writing articles about what this database shows, and hopes to put out a series of resources manuals to make the data available and show its use. The Copper Artifact Master Database (CAMD) is a compilation of copper artifacts derived from more than 300 museums and collectors who shared their material with her. Monette gathers the data about their collections—where each piece was found, what the piece looks like, how many of each piece was found in that location, and who initially found it (See the sample at the end). “Donor information is important because it can keep her from recording duplicates, because artifacts change hands all the time,” she says.</em><em>Monette has a master’s in history, but started research on the Aztecs, Mayas and Incas as part of her undergrad work in anthropology. Monette retained this interest in trade networks and timelines and sees them very sharply coming into focus with this database. Distinction in the Major was called “Aztec Origins.” Since she is neither a private collector nor an excavator, her emphasis is on being an arbiter between collectors and archaeologists and in offering her compilation to researchers, students, archaeologists and museums—any interested in learning more about these ancient populations in the Americas. Monette addressed a couple of our inquiries concerning her work in copper examination:</em>
Effect of the laser ridge on posterior capsule opacification (1989)

The most common complication of extracapsular cataract extraction is posterior capsule opacification, which appears to result from the proliferation of anterior lens epithelium onto the posterior capsule. The presence of a posterior chamber intraocular lens has been shown to decrease the incidence of posterior capsule opacification, possibly by a barrier mechanism. This retrospective clinical study compares the effect of two different lens designs (with and without a laser ridge) on posterior capsule opacification requiring Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. Twenty-one of 101 patients (20.8%) with nonridged lenses required Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomies versus 13 of 86 patients (15.1%) with ridged lenses. Although these data showed a clinical benefit from using a ridged lens, no statistical difference in the incidence of posterior capsulotomy was noted. Further evaluation of capsular-optic surface apposition is needed.
Steady-State Dynamic Response of a Bernoulli–Euler Beam on a Viscoelastic Foundation Subject to a Platoon of Moving Dynamic Loads (2008)

A Bernoulli–Euler beam resting on a viscoelastic foundation subject to a platoon of moving dynamic loads can be used as a physical model to describe railways and highways under traffic loading. Vertical displacement, vertical velocity, and vertical acceleration responses of the beam are initially obtained in the frequency domain and then represented as integrations of complex function in the space-time domain. A bifurcation is found in critical speed against resonance frequency. When the dimensionless frequency is high, there is a single critical speed that increases as the dimensionless frequency increases. When the dimensionless frequency is low, there are two critical speeds. One speed increases as the dimensionless frequency increases, while the other speed decreases as the dimensionless frequency decreases. Based on the fast Fourier transform, numerical methods are developed for efficient computation of dynamic response of the beam.
또래가 선호 또는 비선호하는 유아의 행동 특성 (2014)

This study examined the preschoolers’ perceptions of their liked- and disliked peers and differences in their reasons for so by sex. Eighty children (43 boys, 37 girls) aged from five to six years were individually interviewed. They were asked to nominate and give reasons for their liked and disliked playmates. Results indicated that, first, preschoolers preferred their peers of the same-sex over those of the opposite. Second, a common reason given by both sexes for liking the same-sex peers was “shared activities.” But reasons for liking the opposite-sex peer differed by sex: “Physical attractiveness” and “competence” for boys and girls, respectively. Third, a shared reason suggested by both sexes for disliking the same-sex playmates was “verbal and physical aggression” whereas the opposite-sex was “disruptiveness.” In conclusion, preschoolers favor mutual interactions and the same-sex peers as desired playmates but disfavor aggressive, hostile playmates.
Usage-Based Pricing and Demand for Residential Broadband (2016)

We estimate demand for residential broadband using high-frequency data from subscribers facing a three-part tariff. The three-part tariff makes data usage during the billing cycle a dynamic problem, thus generating variation in the (shadow) price of usage. We provide evidence that subscribers respond to this variation, and we use their dynamic decisions to estimate a flexible distribution of willingness to pay for different plan characteristics. Using the estimates, we simulate demand under alternative pricing and find that usage-based pricing eliminates low-value traffic. Furthermore, we show that the costs associated with investment in fiber-optic networks are likely recoverable in some markets, but that there is a large gap between social and private incentives to invest.
Bis(diphenylamino)-9,9′-spirobifluorene functionalized Ir(<scp>iii</scp>) complex: a conceptual design en route to a three-in-one system possessing emitting core and electron and hole transport peripherals (2010)

Conceptual design of a three-in-one (luminescence chromophore with electron and hole transports) system was demonstrated by a functionalized Ir(III) complex 3, in which 4,5-diazafluorene and bis(diphenylamino) serve as electron and hole transporting sites, respectively. The poor emission quantum yield of 3 was systematically examined via a series of photophysical studies in combination with theoretical approaches. The far lifting of the π-electron from -NPh2 renders virtually no 3MLCT contribution to the lowest transition in the triplet manifold as compared with that of the parent model 2 without amino substituents. With an empirical approach, we conclude that an energy gap law may account for the major deactivation process. A light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) device based on 3 shows peak EQE, peak current efficiency and peak power efficiency at 2.4 V of 0.020%, 0.013 cd A−1 and 0.017 lm/W, respectively. The low device efficiencies are in accordance with the low PL quantum yield, stemming from the ligand-centered radiationless deactivation. The conceptual design presented here should provide valuable information for future progress en route to an ideal three-in-one system suited for OLEDs.
Protective effects of slow channel calcium antagonists on noradrenaline induced myocardial necrosis (1986)

Catecholamine excess results in two distinct forms of coagulative myocytolysis, apparently due to increased membrane permeability followed by a large influx of calcium. To determine if three slow channel calcium antagonists, verapamil, nifedipine, and diltiazem, could reduce the calcium overload and prevent the development of noradrenaline induced acute myocardial contraction band lesions, 48 adult mongrel dogs in eight groups (n = 6) were continuously infused with saline alone, noradrenaline alone (4 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1), nifedipine (1 microgram X kg-1 X min-1), or other calcium blockers (10 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1) with saline or noradrenaline. After 15 minutes of pretreatment with a calcium antagonist, the antagonists were simultaneously infused with either saline or noradrenaline for 60 minutes. Nifedipine increased heart rate to the same degree as noradrenaline alone, whereas verapamil and diltiazem significantly suppressed the noradrenaline induced increases in heart rate. All three calcium antagonists reduced the increases in blood pressure and frequency of ventricular arrhythmias seen with noradrenaline alone. Only nifedipine produced a moderate increase in contractility (dP/dtmax) within 5 min and a pronounced synergistic increase when combined with noradrenaline. The effect of the other antagonists with noradrenaline was no different than the effect with noradrenaline alone. Contraction band lesions in the hearts of dogs in the saline and saline plus calcium antagonist groups were rare. The group receiving noradrenaline alone showed large numbers of the two predominant lesions: small paradiscal contraction band lesions and large holocytic contraction band lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Occurrence of microelastohydrodynamic lubrication in simple sliding motion with transverse roughness (2006)

Using numerical simulations, the effect of surface roughness on elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) under simple sliding point contacts is investigated. Transverse roughness is on the stationary surface. Four fluid flow models, i.e. thermal Newtonian, isothermal Newtonian, thermal Eyring, and isothermal Eyring models, are employed in the analyses. The effects of temperature rise, lubricant rheology, and amplitude and wavelength of asperities on micro-EHL films are elucidated. Behaviours of oil films with short wavelength of asperities are found to be complex. The deformations of asperities are also compared under the four fluid flow models.
Risk, Reliability and Safety: Innovating Theory and Practice (2016)

Risk, Reliability and Safety contains papers describing innovations in theory and practice contributed to the scientific programme of the European Safety and Reliability conference (ESREL 2016), held at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow, Scotland (25—29 September 2016). Authors include scientists, academics, practitioners, regulators and other key individuals with expertise and experience relevant to specific areas. Papers include domain specific applications as well as general modelling methods. Papers cover evaluation of contemporary solutions, exploration of future challenges, and exposition of concepts, methods and processes. Topics include human factors, occupational health and safety, dynamic and systems reliability modelling, maintenance optimisation, uncertainty analysis, resilience assessment, risk and crisis management.