gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EGG Diapause in <i>Ephippiger Cruciger</i> (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): I. The Incidence, Variable Duration and Elimination of the Initial Diapause (1977)

ABSTRACT Eggs of the bush-cricket Ephippiger cruciger may be subject to two periods of diapause during the course of embryogenesis. After oviposition not all eggs develop at temperatures favourable to morphogenesis, some cease activity at the unsegmented embryonic primordium stage. If these eggs are cooled for 10–30 days some develop on subsequent exposure to higher temperatures, but further prolongation of the cooling period does not render more eggs competent to develop. Although cooling for longer than the critical period does not affect the proportion of eggs which subsequently start to develop, it does affect the time within which reactivated eggs begin to develop. The delay in the initiation of development after cooling increases with the duration of the chilling period. Excessively long cooling periods, however, impair the eggs’ ability to complete embryogenesis. It is evident that eggs laid in one season will develop and hatch over a number of years.
Blockchain-based Model for Social Transactions Processing (2015)

The goal of this work in progress is to handle transactions of social applications by using their access classes. Basically, social users access simultaneously to a small piece of data owned by a user or a few ones. For instance, a new post of a Facebook user can create the reactions of most of his/her friends, and each of such reactions is related to the same data. Thus, grouping or chaining transactions that require the same access classes may reduce significantly the response time since several transactions are executed in one shot while ensuring consistency as well as minimizing the number of access to the persistent data storage. With this insight, we propose a middleware-based transaction scheduler that uses various strategies to chain transactions based on their access classes. The key novelties lie in (1) our distributed transaction scheduling devised on top of a ring to ensure communication when chaining transactions and (2) our ability to deal with multi-partitions transactions. The scheduling phase is based on Blockchain principle, which means in our context to record all transactions requiring the same access class into a master list in order to ensure consistency and to plan efficiently their processing. We designed and simulated our approach using SimJava and preliminary results show interesting and promising results.
Network game traffic modelling (2002)

A significant share of today's Internet traffic is generated by network gaming. This kind of traffic is interesting in regard to it's market potential as well as to it's real time requirements on the network. For the consideration of game traffic in network dimensioning, traffic models are required that allow to generate a characteristic load for analytical or simulative performance evaluation of networks. In this paper we evaluate the fast action multiplayer game ,,Counter Strike" from a 36 hour LAN party measurement and present traffic models for client and server. The paper concludes with remarks on the use of game traffic models in simulations and on QoS metrics for an adequate evaluation of simulation results.
Improving the delivery of continuous renal replacement therapy using regional citrate anticoagulation (2004)

CVVHD is well suited to regional citrate anticoagulation. The present protocol is straightforward and predictable, with minor metabolic consequences that can be anticipated and adjusted. These results commend regional citrate anticoagulation to wider application.
Threonine 41 in β-Catenin Serves as a Key Phosphorylation Relay Residue in β-Catenin Degradation (2006)

Beta-catenin phosphorylation at serine 45 (Ser45), threonine 41 (Thr41), Ser37, and Ser33 is critical for beta-catenin degradation, and regulation of beta-catenin phosphorylation is a central part of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Beta-catenin mutations at Ser45, Thr41, Ser37, and Ser33 perturb beta-catenin degradation and are frequently found in cancers. It is established that Ser45 phosphorylation by casein kinase I (CKI) initiates phosphorylation at Thr41, Ser37, and Ser33 by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and that phosphorylated Ser37 and Ser33 are recognized by the F-box protein beta-TrCP, a component of a ubiquitin ligase complex that mediates beta-catenin degradation. While the roles of Ser45, Ser37, and Ser33 are well documented, the function of Thr41 remains less defined. Here we show that Thr41 strictly acts as a phosphorylation relay residue and that the Ser-X-X-X-Ser (X is any amino acid) motif is obligatory for beta-catenin phosphorylation by GSK3. Beta-catenin phosphorylation/degradation and its regulation by Wnt can occur normally in the absence of Thr41 as long as the Ser-X-X-X-Ser motif/spacing is preserved. These results suggest that Thr41 functions to bridge sequential phosphorylation from Ser45 to Ser37 and provide further insights into the discrete steps and logic in beta-catenin phosphorylation-degradation.
Supplementary material from "How much does it cost to save a species from extinction? Costs and rewards of conserving the Lear's macaw" (2019)

Although the limited resources available to save species from extinction necessitate the optimization of conservation actions, little is known about their costs and effectiveness. We developed a costs–rewards framework that integrates information on which sectors of society contribute to funding conservation, how much is contributed, how funds are distributed among conservation targets and how these investments drive not only conservation rewards but also the economic and ecosystem services that benefit society. We applied this framework to the Lear's macaw (<i>Anodorhynchus leari</i>), a species discovered in the wild in 1978 with only 60 individuals. Funds invested over the last 25 years reached US$ 3.66 million. The contribution of governments, NGOs and private funders varied over time, as did the funding targets. Funds were proportionally invested to mitigate the main causes of mortality, while no funds were devoted to protecting foraging habitats. Conservation rewards were satisfactory, with the cost and time needed to downlist the species from critically endangered to endangered similar to those invested in other bird species. However, economic rewards (through ecotourism and handicrafts linked to the conservation of the species) were low and require promotion, while ecosystem services provided by Lear's macaws have yet to be quantified.
Encoding and Compression for the Devices Profile for Web Services (2010)

Most solutions for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) come equipped with their own architectural concepts which raise the problem of possible incompatibility of computer networks and the WSN. Often gateway concepts are used to overcome this problem. But this is not the best solution on the long term. Other research fields and industrial domains are heading for universal cross domain architecture concepts based on internet technologies that are more mature and better understood. The IETF 6LoWPAN working group provides the groundings for standardized communication using existing network protocols like IPv6 also in low power radio networks. A big challenge when deploying further application layer network protocols on top of 6LoWPAN is the message size of existing mostly XML based protocols which does not meet the resource requirements of deeply embedded devices without further research efforts. This paper presents different data compression techniques for the Devices Profile of Web Services (DPWS) to be applied in 6LoWPAN networks. Therefore, we analyze a realistic scenario. We determined 18 message types in the scenario and compressed and encoded all messages by using existing schemes and tools. For the first time, we also investigate on the Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) format for DPWS.
Manifold-Based Reinforcement Learning via Locally Linear Reconstruction (2016)

Feature representation is critical not only for pattern recognition tasks but also for reinforcement learning (RL) methods to solve learning control problems under uncertainties. In this paper, a manifold-based RL approach using the principle of locally linear reconstruction (LLR) is proposed for Markov decision processes with large or continuous state spaces. In the proposed approach, an LLR-based feature learning scheme is developed for value function approximation in RL, where a set of smooth feature vectors is generated by preserving the local approximation properties of neighboring points in the original state space. By using the proposed feature learning scheme, an LLR-based approximate policy iteration (API) algorithm is designed for learning control problems with large or continuous state spaces. The relationship between the value approximation error of a new data point and the estimated values of its nearest neighbors is analyzed. In order to compare different feature representation and learning approaches for RL, a comprehensive simulation and experimental study was conducted on three benchmark learning control problems. It is illustrated that under a wide range of parameter settings, the LLR-based API algorithm can obtain better learning control performance than the previous API methods with different feature representation schemes.
Sensitization of primary afferents to mechanical and heat stimuli after incision in a novel in vitro mouse glabrous skin-nerve preparation ☆ (2008)

In this study, we recorded activity from afferent fibers innervating the mouse plantar skin, the same region evaluated in pain behavior experiments. We compared responses of afferents from incised and unincised hind paw skin. The plantar skin together with attached medial and lateral plantar nerves was dissected until they could be completely removed intact and placed in an organ bath chamber continuously perfused with oxygenated Kreb's solution with the temperature maintained at 32 degrees C. Afferent nerve activities to feedback-controlled mechanical and heat stimuli and cooling were recorded. Eighty-five single Adelta- and C-fiber afferents were recorded, 42 from control and the remainder from incised animals. A greater proportion of C-fibers (11/34) from incised skin had spontaneous activity than in the unincised preparation (2/32). The mechanical thresholds of both Adelta- and C-fiber units were not different between control and incised groups but the responses to suprathreshold mechanical stimulation were increased in low threshold Adelta- and C-fibers. The greatest change in heat sensitivity was apparent when multi-fiber total activity was measured; threshold was reduced, total spikes were greater and the peak discharge frequency was increased. In summary, feedback-controlled stimulation identified mechanical sensitization after incision in an in vitro preparation. Few fibers were excited by cooling. Heat sensitization of primary afferents was more prominent when activities of unclassified afferents are included. The preparation allows us to study afferent function of the same tissue that is examined for in vivo pain behavior assays in mice.
<title>Lasers In Reprographics: A Market Summary</title> (1979)

In June, 1978, KMI researched and wrote a market report on the use of lasers in reprographics and communications for IRD.* The findings reported here are based, in large measure, on that report. I will briefly discuss the types of lasers being used in repro-graphic systems and how this technology is changing. Then, I will summarize the markets for these lasers over a 5-year period,--1979-1983. All market estimates and projections are in 1978 dollars.
Catalytic Tri-reforming of Biomass-Derived Syngas to Produce Desired H2:CO Ratios for Fuel Applications (2012)

This study focuses on upgrading biomass derived syngas for the synthesis of liquid fuels using Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). The process includes novel gasification of biomass via a tri-reforming process which involves a synergetic combination of CO2 reforming, steam reforming, and partial oxidation of methane. Typical biomass-derived syngas H2:CO is 1:1 and contains tars that deactivate FT catalyst. This innovation allows for cost-effective one-step production of syngas in the required H2:CO of 2:1 with reduction of tars for use in the FTS. To maximize the performance of the tri-reforming catalyst, an attempt to control oxygen mobility, thermal stability, dispersion of metal, resistance to coke formation, and strength of metal interaction with support is investigated by varying catalyst synthesis parameters. These synthesis variables include Ce and Zr mixed oxide support ratios, amount Mg and Ni loading, and the preparation of the catalyst. Reaction conditions were also varied to determine the influences reaction temperature, gas composition, and GHSV have on the catalyst performance. Testing under controlled reaction conditions and the use of several catalyst characterization techniques (BET, XRD, TPR, XAFS, SEM-EDS, XPS) were employed to better explain the effects of the synthesis parameters. Applications of the resulting data were used to design proof of concept solar powered BTL plant. This paper highlights the performance of the tri-reforming catalyst under various reaction conditions and explains results using catalyst characterization.
Two-dimensional full wavefield inversion of wide-aperture marine seismic streamer data (2002)

A 2-D full wavefield inversion method is presented for the processing of wide-aperture data. The diversity of information contained within such datasets may be handled in a complete manner by first matching the traveltimes of the main events and then progressing to waveform fitting of the data through explicit full wavefield modelling. Our wavefield inversion scheme is based upon a finite difference solution of the 2-D elastic wave equation in the time distance domain. The strength of adopting such an approach is the ability to generate all possible wave types within a given 2-D model (multiples, converted waves, etc.) and thus to simulate and accurately model complex seismic wavefields. The aim of the inversion is to find the 2-D P-wave velocity model that minimizes the least squared difference between the observed and synthetic data across the full range of offsets. Following extensive testing on synthetic data, the wavefield inversion scheme has been applied to wide-aperture real marine seismic streamer datasets. We present results from the synthetic testing and the wavefield inversion of wide-aperture real data out to 12 km offset that was recorded on a single streamer. Even though current computational restrictions allow only a small subsection of the data to be analysed, these examples demonstrate the potential value of wide-aperture 2-D full wavefield inversion.
A Novel Liberty: Deerbrook (1987)

To this point, I have identified the ambiguous nature of Martineau's intellectual practice. This ambiguity, it seems to me, may be attributed to a number of causes: the tensions inherent in her performance as woman intellectual in a male-dominated culture, the contradictions involved in ratifying ideas which in themselves are ruptured by contending values, and the very real, practical urgency of journalistic deadlines. However, Martineau's prose and thought manifest an impetuosity, an eagerness to avoid digressive speculation, which is not entirely the consequence of these related causes. Martineau is deeply uncomfortable with self-analysis. Her professional life is a narrative of discipline of the passionate, feeling self by the rational, intellectual self, and I want to suggest she may have been compelled to ambiguity, haste, and inconsistency by a desire to avoid material which threatened to disrupt her laboriously acquired intellectual authority.
Performance evaluation of frame discard strategies in ATM networks (2002)

The flow of papers proposing new schemes to cope with congestion in networks continues unabated. In particular, as the deployment of ATM networks advances, effective congestion control is required to ensure that these networks can effectively provide the wide range of services that they promise. This paper will attempt to evaluate whether recently proposed algorithms are likely to be useful in practice using performance simulation and modeling methods. In order to achieve a higher efficiency it is possible to implement some additional mechanism to control cell dropping at the switch's buffers. One of the most popular drop strategies is the early packet discard, which drops the entire higher level data units when the buffer queue reaches a certain threshold level. Another mechanism is the partial packet discard, which if a cell is lost in case of congestion, discards all the subsequent cells belonging to the same packet. The aim of this paper is to investigate how switch buffer efficiency depends on the placement of the EPD threshold and on how cell dropping will occur, due to the level of the congestion. Two of the most relevant factors are the distribution of the packet size and the traffic distribution. It is particularly aimed at estimating the effects of recent congestion control schemes for ATM networks.
Question-answer topic model for question retrieval in community question answering (2012)

The major challenge for Question Retrieval (QR) in Community Question Answering (CQA) is the lexical gap between the queried question and the historical questions. This paper proposes a novel Question-Answer Topic Model (QATM) to learn the latent topics aligned across the question-answer pairs to alleviate the lexical gap problem, with the assumption that a question and its paired answer share the same topic distribution. Experiments conducted on a real world CQA dataset from Yahoo! Answers show that combining both parts properly can get more knowledge than each part or both parts in a simple mixing way and combining our QATM with the state-of-the-art translation-based language model, where the topic and translation information is learned from the question-answer pairs at two different grained semantic levels respectively, can significantly improve the QR performance.
The use of irradiated vaccine in immunization against experimental murine toxoplasmosis (1975)

Trophozoites from the peritoneal cavities of mice infected with the RH strain Toxoplasma gondii were given irradiation in doses of 5, 10, 15, and 20 kiloroentgens (kr). CD-1 strain mice that received intraperitoneal inoculation of trophozoites irradiated with 5 kr all died of toxoplasmosis, but the mice that received trophozoites irradiated with the higher doses all survived. The survirors that were examined were found to be free of toxoplasmic cysts. Single doses of these irradiated vaccines provided good protection to subsequent virulent challenge. This protection was 100% in the first 3 weeks after the immunization. Survivors of the first challenge were also solidly protected against a subsequent rechallenge.
Expression of hybrid (Na+ + K+)-ATPase molecules after transfection of mouse Ltk-cells with DNA encoding the beta-subunit of an avian brain sodium pump. (1987)

A cDNA encoding the beta-subunit of the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase was cloned from a chicken brain cDNA library, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. High cross-species sequence homologies were found both in coding and noncoding regions. The cDNA was subcloned into a shuttle vector derived from pSV2CAT and was stably incorporated into mouse Ltk-cells. The avian beta-subunit was expressed on the cell surface (1-8 X 10(5) molecules/cell) complexed with alpha-subunits of the murine (Na+ + K+)-ATPase. In the hybrid system there was rapid assembly of subunits, post-translational N-glycosylations of the beta-subunit at its three Asn-X-Ser (or Thr) positions, and modification of high mannose oligosaccharides to complex type. Avian beta-subunits expressed in the mouse cells had an apparent molecular weight of about 55,000 as compared with 47,000 in avian cells, due to post-translational modifications, presumably differences in complex oligosaccharides. Despite the high number of interspecies hybrid (Na+ + K+)-ATPase molecules, the cells had none of the high affinity ouabain binding sites (KD = 2 X 10(-7) M) characteristic of avian cells, consistent with the view that the ouabain binding site is located largely or exclusively on the alpha-subunit and is not greatly affected by alpha-beta interaction.
Sulfur-Decorated Molybdenum Carbide Catalysts for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution (2015)

A highly active and stable electrocatalyst (MoSx@Mo2C) for hydrogen evolution is developed via the sulfur decoration of molybdenum carbide for the first time. Although the decoration of sulfur reduced the electrochemically active surface area and slightly enlarged the impedance resistance of Mo2C substrates, the turnover frequency was remarkably enhanced, resulting in a great improvement in the final hydrogen evolution reaction activity. More importantly, there is a synergistic effect between MoSx and Mo2C, making the MoSx@Mo2C catalyst exhibit an excellent activity with a small Tafel slope of 44 mV dec–1, which is among the best records for Mo2C-based catalysts.
Probability of Collisions in the Geostationary Ring (1981)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
The case for custom computation (1991)

The paper describes a general purpose custom computer and the architectural styles supported by it. They use a 2*4 array of CAL1024 parts to form the CHS2*4 board. The paper seeks to make the argument that custom computers represent a fundamental innovation in computer architecture by supporting an alternative paradigm for computation, the configurable hardware paradigm, within a general purpose reprogrammable machine. This paradigm combines the performance benefits of implementing algorithms in hardwired logic with the cost benefits of reusable standard parts based products. >
Sibling ties in foster care and adoption planning. (1984)

The author discusses the importance of sibling ties to children in placement and offers recommendations for maintaining ties through the placement process.
The centipede high power traveling-wave tube (1959)

An S-band high power traveling-wave tube using a loop-coupled structure has been designed and tested. This structure, called the "'centipede," was first suggested by Chodorow and Craig. The coupling between adjacent cavities is provided by means of several loops in each section. The tube characteristics are similar to the well-known "cloverleaf" with respect to high voltage and high peak power operation. The tube will be described and the test results presented. The first model of the centipede has the following characteristics: a saturated half-power bandwidth of approximately 500 Mc centered at 2900 Mc (or about 18 percent); a peak output power of 3 megawatts; a peak efficiency of 30 percent; and a saturated gain of approximately 26 db. The operating voltages ranged from 100 to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">130 \times 10^{-6}</tex> kv with a beam perveance of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1.66 \times 10^{3}</tex> . Design changes and test results of later models of the tube will also be presented.