gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feasibility study of autofluorescence mammary ductoscopy (2009)

We report the technical feasibility of autofluorescence ductoscopy in the ex-vivo setting. The current imaging algorithm for visualizing tumor tissue against the normal tissue background, although developed and optimized for other organs, appears to provide discrimination between intraductal tumor and normal ductal tissue. Point fluoroscopy is also performed. Although the optical "geometry" for this is different, the findings are consistent with the imaging observations.
Measurement of Thioredoxin and Thioredoxin Reductase (2004)

The thioredoxin system is ubiquitous, providing reducing equivalents to essential biosynthetic enzymes like ribonucleotide reductase. It is essential for cellular redox regulation, control of oxidative stress, and protection against oxidative damage. This unit includes protocols for measuring thioredoxin or thioredoxin reductase in biological preparations or as purified enzymes.
Efficient Synthesis of Photoreactive 2-Propoxyaniline Derivatives as Artificial Sweeteners (2015)

5-Nitro-2-propoxyaniline is one of the strongest artificial sweeteners. However, little is known about the detailed relationship of the structure and biological activity between 5-nitro-2-propoxyaniline and its sweet receptor. Photoaffinity labeling is a useful method for revealing interactions of a small bioactive compound with molecules. Therefore, we synthesized photoreactive 2-propoxyaniline derivatives as useful tools for revealing the interactions by photoaffinity labeling.
One-Stage Immediate Breast and Nipple-Areolar Reconstruction With Autologous Tissue I: A Preliminary Report (2000)

This preliminary report discusses 7 patients with early breast cancer (mean age, 48 years) who underwent one-stage breast reconstruction. Reconstruction was achieved using a deepithelialized transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap placed in a pocket created by a skin-sparing mastectomy. Areolar reconstruction is performed by harvesting the areola as a full-thickness graft from the mastectomy specimen, and nipple reconstruction is achieved with a CV flap (in zone II of the TRAM flap), which is deepithelialized and covered with a full-thickness graft from the areola. In all patients a contralateral reduction or mastopexy was performed. Recent evidence suggests that not all patients with early breast cancer have areolar involvement, and that certain prognostic factors can be used to predict the likelihood of tumor involvement. A number of large studies have shown that in patients with early breast cancer, when the tumor is situated more than 5 cm from the nipple-areolar complex, tumor involvement of the nipple-areolar complex is most unlikely. No patients in this study had histological evidence of nipple involvement by cancer. The aesthetic results were very satisfactory in 5 of 7 patients. One patient who developed sepsis of the TRAM flap had an unsatisfactory result. The other complications that occurred were minor and self-limiting. The advantages of single-stage breast reconstruction are financial and psychological. In addition, the patient attains homogenous nipple-areolar reconstruction. Areolar reconstruction is achieved with the best possible option--areola. This preliminary report suggests that in a select group of patients with early breast cancer, when the tumor is more than 5 cm from the nipple-areolar complex, the areola may be preserved. The aesthetic results in these patients was considered satisfactory. However, long-term studies are required to confirm the oncological safety of this technique.
Ubiquitous conformable systems for imperceptible computing (2021)

Purpose Although conformable devices are commonly designed to couple with the human body for personalized and localized medicine, their applications are expanding rapidly. This paper aims to delineate this expansion and predict greater implications in diverse fields. Design/methodology/approach Today’s device technologies continue to face fundamental obstacles preventing their seamless integration with target objects to effectively access, evaluate and alter self-specific physical patterns, while still providing physical comfort and enabling continuous data collection. Due to their extreme mechanical compliance, conformable devices permit the query of signals occurring at interfaces so as to decode and encode biological, chemical and mechanical patterns with high resolution, precision and accuracy. These unique and versatile capabilities allow for a marked change in the approach to tackling scientific questions, with the ability to address societal challenges at large. Findings Here, this study highlights the current state of these devices in a wide range of fields, such as interactive teaching, textiles, robotics, buildings and infrastructure, agriculture, climate and space, and further forecasts essential features of these devices in the near future. Originality/value This study justifies conformable devices’ growing utility through a novel quantitative analysis methodology that indexes peer-reviewed journal articles based on specific keywords, whereby this study tracks keyword frequency over time across specific fields in conjunction with conformability-like topics. The resulting trends’ trajectories provide the foundation for this study’s future projections. This study concludes with a perspective on the possible challenges concomitant with a ubiquitous presence of these technologies, including manufacturing, wireless communication, storage, compression, privacy and sharing of data, environmental sustainability, avoidance of inequality and bias and collaboration between stakeholders at all levels of impact.
Unaided MEMS-Based INS Application in a Vehicular Environment (2001)

In this paper the applicability of inertial sensors for
handheld devices is studied. This paper focuses on
navigation in a vehicular environment with infrequent
Global Positioning System (GPS) position updates.
The evaluated system consists of six degrees of freedom
inertial measurement unit and special navigation software
that is designed to reduce errors typical for a low-cost
inertial navigation system (INS). Specifically, three
methods are used to limit the error growth. Firstly, the
system is initialized whenever it is found that the vehicle
is stationary. Secondly, velocity components
perpendicular to the vehicle’s direction of travel are
removed within every computation cycle. Thirdly, the
navigation solution is computed partially backwards to
completely utilize the benefit of the initialization.
Test results show that such a system in heavy traffic can
be used for 20 minutes with an error comparable to GPS
solution. The main benefit of the discussed system is
improved coverage, but also power savings due to
decreased need for GPS fixes are expected.
<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> protein, ATK1, is a minus‐end directed kinesin that exhibits non‐processive movement (2002)

The microtubule cytoskeleton forms the scaffolding of the meiotic spindle. Kinesins, which bind to microtubules and generate force via ATP hydrolysis, are also thought to play a critical role in spindle assembly, maintenance, and function. The A. thaliana protein, ATK1 (formerly known as KATA), is a member of the kinesin family based on sequence similarity and is implicated in spindle assembly and/or maintenance. Thus, we want to determine if ATK1 behaves as a kinesin in vitro, and if so, determine the directionality of the motor activity and processivity character (the relationship between molecular "steps" and microtubule association). The results show that ATK1 supports microtubule movement in an ATP-dependent manner and has a minus-end directed polarity. Furthermore, ATK1 exhibits non-processive movement along the microtubule and likely requires at least four ATK1 motors bound to the microtubule to support movement. Based on these results and previous data, we conclude that ATK1 is a non-processive, minus-end directed kinesin that likely plays a role in generating forces in the spindle during meiosis.
Problems and Pitfalls in Analytical Studies in Toxicology (1981)

The major interrelated divisions of environmental health sciences necessary to define a human health hazard are epidemiology, toxicology and chemistry. If one or more of these areas is lacking or incomplete in studies of environmental agents such as pesticides, then health hazard potential can not be fully assessed. Chemistry is essential in these relationships in order to provide timely and effective solutions to environmental health problems. Environmental Health Chemistry has been presented (1) as a new subdiscipline which emphasizes the chemistry needed to establish these relationships and permit assessment of the potential human health hazards associated with chemical contamination of our environment. Fundamental to these various programs is assurance that good, reliable analytical data is generated especially in those cases which most directly affect the public's health and well being. How one generates good, reliable analytical data is the primary focus of the papers in this session. Our position, which
<i>De Novo</i> Self-Assembling Collagen Heterotrimers Using Explicit Positive and Negative Design (2010)

We sought to computationally design model collagen peptides that specifically associate as heterotrimers. Computational design has been successfully applied to the creation of new protein folds and functions. Despite the high abundance of collagen and its key role in numerous biological processes, fibrous proteins have received little attention as computational design targets. Collagens are composed of three polypeptide chains that wind into triple helices. We developed a discrete computational model to design heterotrimer-forming collagen-like peptides. Stability and specificity of oligomerization were concurrently targeted using a combined positive and negative design approach. The sequences of three 30-residue peptides, A, B, and C, were optimized to favor charge-pair interactions in an ABC heterotrimer, while disfavoring the 26 competing oligomers (i.e., AAA, ABB, BCA). Peptides were synthesized and characterized for thermal stability and triple-helical structure by circular dichroism and NMR. A unique A:B:C-type species was not achieved. Negative design was partially successful, with only A + B and B + C competing mixtures formed. Analysis of computed versus experimental stabilities helps to clarify the role of electrostatics and secondary-structure propensities determining collagen stability and to provide important insight into how subsequent designs can be improved.
Effect of Simulant Type on the Absorptance and Emittance of Dusted Thermal Control Surfaces in a Simulated Lunar Environment (2010)

During the Apollo program the effects of lunar dust on thermal control surfaces was found to be more significant than anticipated, with several systems overheating due to deposition of dust on them. In an effort to reduce risk to future missions, a series of tests has been initiated to characterize the effects of dust on these surfaces, and then to develop technologies to mitigate that risk. Given the variations in albedo across the lunar surface, one variable that may be important is the darkness of the lunar dust, and this study was undertaken to address that concern. Three thermal control surfaces, AZ-93 white paint and AgFEP and AlFEP second surface mirrors were dusted with three different lunar dust simulants in a simulated lunar environment, and their solar absorptivity and thermal emissivity values determined experimentally. The three simulants included JSC 1AF, a darker mare simulant, NU-LHT-1D, a light highlands simulant, and 1:1 mixture of the two. The response of AZ-93 was found to be slightly more pronounced than that of AgFEP. The increased with fractional dust coverage in both types of samples by a factor of 1.7 to 3.3, depending on the type of thermal control surface and the type of dust. The of the AZ-93 decreased by about 10 percent when fully covered by dust, while that of AgFEP increased by about 10 percent. It was found that alpha/epsilon varied by more than a factor of two depending on the thermal control surface and the darkness of the dust. Given that the darkest simulant used in this study may be significantly lighter than the darkest dust that could be encountered on the lunar surface, it becomes apparent that the performance degradation of thermal control surfaces due to dust on the moon will be strongly dependent on the and of the dust in the specific locality.
Cementless femoral fixation in total hip arthroplasty. (2010)

Cementless femoral fixation by means of bone ingrowth has been successful in total hip arthroplasty in patients with sufficient bone quality. Consistent bone ingrowth and resultant long-term success involve many factors, including surgical technique, initial mechanical stability achieved at time of implantation, stem design and material, and implant surface. One potential method for achieving faster, more consistent initial bone ingrowth is use of the osteoconductive ceramic hydroxyapatite. In addition, more stable initial fixation most likely improves long-term outcome. In this article, we review the criteria for successful cementless femoral fixation and the long-term results reported in the literature.
A Case of Thymoma and Hypogammaglobulinemia(Good's syndrome) with Lichen planus. (1999)

症例は72歳男性.主訴は舌痛,味覚低下. 30年前より胸部X線写真にて径約10cmの縦隔腫瘤を指摘されたが,自覚症状を認めず.平成8年11月より舌痛,味覚低下,その後慢性下痢と体重減少が出現したため当科入院となった.口腔内には扁平苔癬を認めた.血液検査では免疫グロブリンの低値を認めた.また,胸部CT, MRIでは12×10cmの巨大な縦隔腫瘤を認めた.穿刺生検で紡錘細胞型胸腺腫であり,扁平苔癬を伴った胸腺腫と低ガンマグロブリン血症(Good症候群)と診断された.慢性下痢に対し免疫グロブリン静注が効果的とされ,本症例でも改善を認めた.胸腺腫の切除は低ガンマグロブリン血症を改善しないとされ,本症例でも行われなかった.本症例はGood症候群に扁平苔癬を合併したまれな症例と考えられた.
Water Diffusion and Magnetization Transfer in Normal and Pathologic Lumbar Disc (2008)

Diffusion has been shown to be sensitive to intervertebral disc degeneration and pathologies but quantification is often hampered by global motion and susceptibilities. In this work, we investigate possible correlations between the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) imaging and apparent diffusion constamts (ADC) to yield a possible alternative characterization method of disc diseases that relate to diffusion. ADC and MTR is compared between normal appearing discs of young healthy volunteers and patients. High correlations between MTR and ADC values were found suggesting that changes in water diffusion for intervertebral discs are also reflected in MT measurements.
Th2 Cytokines in Susceptibility to Tuberculosis (2007)

We need to understand what is different about susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) in developing countries where most TB occurs, and where the current vaccine, Bacillus Calmette et Guérin (BCG) usually fails to protect. The presence of a background mixed IFN-gamma and Th2 response to mycobacterial antigens before infection with M. tuberculosis (Mtb), and the development of a large IL-4 response during progressive TB, are characteristics of individuals in the locations where BCG fails, which are also seen in animal models in the same countries. Recent data suggest that the background Th1 component in developing countries protects from low dose challenge with Mtb in mouse and man, but that following high dose challenge the pre-existing IL-4 component increases and blocks immunity unless the individual's immune system releases IL-4delta2, an antagonist of IL-4, which is raised in the blood of donors with stable latent TB. We outline how IL-4 (and IL-13) can undermine Th1-mediated immunity and drive inappropriate alternative activation of macrophages. The mechanisms of the effects of IL-4 include impaired antimicrobial activity due to reduced TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis of infected cells, reduced activity of iNOS, increased availability of iron to intracellular Mtb, and increased proliferation of antigen-specific FOXP-3+ regulatory T cells. IL-4 also increases the toxicity of TNF-alpha and drives pulmonary fibrosis, thus enhancing immunopathology. The conclusion is that a vaccine that will work in developing countries might need to do more than enhance the existing Th1 response. In these environments it might be more important to block the Th2 component.
ET-1 receptor gene expression and distribution in L1 and L2 cells from hypertensive sheep pulmonary artery (2002)

We examined gene and surface expression and activity of the endothelin (ET)-1 receptors (ETA and ETB) in subendothelial (L1) and inner medial (L2) cells from the main pulmonary artery of sheep with continuous air embolization (CAE)-induced chronic pulmonary hypertension (CPH). According to quantitative real-time RT-PCR, basal gene expression of both receptors was significantly higher in L2 than L1 cells, and hypertensive L2 cells showed significantly higher gene expression of ETB than controls. Expression of both genes in hypertensive L1 cells was similar to controls. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis confirmed the increased distribution of ET(B) in hypertensive L2 cells. Although only the ETA receptors in control L2 cells showed significant binding of [125I]-labeled ET-1 at 1 h, both receptors bound ET-1 to hypertensive cells. Exposure to exogenous ET-1 for 18 h revealed that only the L2 cells internalized ET-1, and internalization by hypertensive L2 cells was significantly reduced when compared with controls. Treatment with ETA (BQ-610) and ETB (BQ-788) receptor antagonists demonstrated that both receptors contributed to internalization of ET-1 in control L2 cells, whereas in hypertensive cells only when both receptor antagonists were used in combination was significant suppression of ET-1 internalization found. We conclude that in sheep receiving CAE, alterations in ETB receptors in cells of the L2 layer may contribute to the maintenance of CPH via alterations in their expression, distribution, and activity.
Electronic surface states on clean and oxygen‐exposed GaAs surfaces (1976)

Electron‐energy‐loss measurements are reported for the polar {111} and (100) surfaces, as well as for the nonpolar (110) surface. The surface composition of the polar faces was changed by various annealing treatments. Surfaces with unsaturated Ga bonds exhibit empty surface states 0.9±0.2 eV above the bulk valence band edge. Their origin is attributed to the dangling Ga bonds. Dangling As bonds, if present, do not contribute to any surface states in the band‐gap region, but seem to be responsible for filled states 0.5–2 eV below the valence band edge—the value depending on the particular surface. An energy‐level scheme of surface states is proposed for the various surfaces. Room temperature oxidation saturates the dangling Ga bonds and eliminates the empty, intrinsic surface states for coverages as low as 0.3 of the saturation coverage. The oxygen is chemically bonded only to the Ga atoms—the As atoms do not seem to play a direct role in the oxidation process. The nature of the bonding seems to be identical for all surfaces investigated. There are indications that empty, oxide‐related states are located near the bottom of the bulk conduction band and extend into the gap region.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of N‐Heterocycles via Copper/TEMPO Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Amino Alcohols. (2012)

Abstract The copper‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation of 2‐aminophenethyl alcohols (I) leads selectively to indoles (II), whilst the analogous reaction of alcohols (III) gives rise to a mixture of quinolines (IV) and tetrahydroquinolinones (V).
Beekeeping Trainers' Resource Book (2000)

This is a resource book in the Nepali language that provides guidance to beekeeping trainers, technicians, learners, and bee lovers. It has been divided into 12 parts and contains a total of 93 useful photographs. Part-1 gives an introduction to the importance of bees, the history of bees and beekeeping in Nepal, beekeeping development, probability, importance, problems and solutions. Part2 covers the classification of honeybees, their external morphology, caste divisions, division of work, and different development stages, including identification of honeybee species. Part3 outlines the basic needs of honeybees. Part-4 is on different types of beehives used in Nepal. Part5 gives information on beekeeping equipment and its handling. Part6 is on apiary management, e.g., bee swarming, absconding, colonies uniting and dividing, method of sugar feeding, management of queen-less colonies, colony inspection, method of old queen replacement, colony transfer from traditional hives to improved hives, site selection and apiary establishment. Part7 lists bee products such as honey, wax, pollen, bee venom, royal jelly, and propolis. Part 8 is on enemies of bees and their control (including pesticides). Part9 is on honeybee diseases and their control. Part-10 discusses bee colony migration for maximum honey production. Part11 discusses the importance of pollination through bees, the importance of bee flora found in Nepal and their flowering period, preparation of a bee forage calendar and its management. Part12 provides information on beekeeping scheme formats for beekeepers and model questions for pre-tests and post-tests.
Bystander Effect Contributes to the Antitumor Efficacy of CaSm Antisense Gene Therapy in a Preclinical Model of Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (2005)

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC) is an aggressive malignancy resistant to standard treatment modalities. Previously, we have reported that cancer-associated Sm-like protein (CaSm) contributes to the neoplastic transformation of PC. In this study, we utilized a recently established preclinical model of PC to determine if molecular targeting of CaSm can serve as the basis for a novel PC therapy. In a subcutaneous tumor model, intratumoral administration of an adenoviral vector encoding CaSm antisense RNA (Ad-alphaCaSm) significantly inhibited Panc02 tumor growth. Furthermore, in a metastatic tumor model, systemic administration of Ad-alphaCaSm resulted in a significant decrease in the number of hepatic metastases and increased survival time. We assessed the efficiency of in vivo delivery and observed significant levels of vector transduction in tissues containing PC, as well as a bystander effect that was amplifying the efficacy of CaSm gene therapy. This bystander effect was also active in vitro and was shown to be at least partially independent of host-related mechanisms. We conclude that CaSm antisense gene therapy is an effective novel therapy for PC and that the antitumor efficacy is dependent on both direct and bystander mechanisms.
A study of the effects of phototherapy dose interval on photobiomodulation of cell cultures (2005)

Cellular response to dose frequency varies. More frequent treatments (2/24 hours) increased metabolism and proliferation in both cell lines. Further investigation of dose fractionation in phototherapy is warranted.