gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transmission of noisy information to a noisy receiver with minimum distortion (1970)

This paper is concerned with the transmission of information with a fidelity criterion where the source output may be distorted prior to encoding and, furthermore, where the output of the decoder may be distorted prior to its delivery to the final destination. The criterion for optimality is that the normalized average of the squared norm of the difference between the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</tex> - second undistorted source sample and the corresponding <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</tex> -second sample delivered to the final destination be minimum. The optimal structure of the encoder and decoder is derived for any <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</tex> .
RISN: An Efficient Sensor Network Overlay with Support for Autonomous and Distributed Applications (2011)

Once deployed, sensor networks are capable of providing a comprehensive view of their environment. However, since the current sensor network paradigm promotes isolated networks that are statically tasked, the full power of the harnessed data has yet to be exploited. In recent years, users have become mobile enti-ties that require constant access to data for efficient and autonomous processing. Under the current limita-tions of sensor networks, users would be restricted using only a subset of the vast amount of data being col-lected; depending on the networks they are able to access. Through reliance on isolated networks, prolifera-tion of sensor nodes can easily occur in any area that has high appeals to users. Furthermore, support for dy-namic tasking of nodes and efficient processing of data is contrary to the general view of sensor networks as subject to severe resource constraints. Addressing the aforementioned challenges requires the deployment of a system that allows users to take full advantage of data collected in the area of interest to their tasks. Such a system must enable interoperability of surrounding networks, support dynamic tasking, and swiftly react to stimuli. In light of these observations, we introduce a hardware-overlay system designed to allow users to efficiently collect and utilize data from various heterogeneous sensor networks. The hardware-overlay takes advantage of FPGA devices and the mobile agent paradigm in order to efficiently collect and process data from cooperating networks. The computational and power efficiency of the prototyped system are herein demonstrated. Furthermore, as a proof-of-concept, we present the implementation of a distributed and autonomous visual object tracker implemented atop the Reconfigurable and Interoperable Sensor Network (RISN) showcasing the network’s ability to support ad-hoc agent networks dedicated to user’s tasks.
Random Primed Labeling of DNA (2003)

Random primed labeling of DNA has now almost superseded the method of nick translation of DNA. Random primed labeling, based on the method of Feinberg and Vogelstein (1) is a method of incorporating radioactive nucleotides along the length of a fragment of DNA. Random primed labeling can give specific activities of between 2 × 10(9) and 5 × 10(9) dpm/μg (see Note 1). The following method is essentially that described by Feinberg and Vogelstein (2) in which a DNA fragment is denatured by heating in a boiling water bath. Then, random sequence oligonucleotides are annealed to both strands. Klenow fragment polymerase is then used to extend the oligonucleotides, using three cold nucleotides and one radioactively labeled nucleotide provided in the reaction mixture, to produce a uniformly labeled double-stranded probe. Each batch of random oligonucleotides contains all possible sequences (for hexamers, which are most commonly employed, this would be 4096 different oligonucleotides) and so any DNA template can be used with this method.
Fast Human Detection Using Motion Detection and Histogram of Oriented Gradients (2011)

This paper presents a real-time Human detection algorithm based on HOG (Histograms of Oriented Gradients) features and SVM (Support Vector Machine) architecture. Motion detection is used to extract moving regions, which can be scanned by sliding windows; detecting moving region can subtract unnecessary sliding windows of static background regions under the surveillance conditions, then detection efficiency can be improved. Every sliding window is regarded as an individual image region and HOG features are calculated as classified     eigenvectors. At last, the detected video objects can be categorized into pre-defined groups of humans and other objects by using SVM classifier. Experimental results from real-time video are provided which demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
Approval summary: imatinib mesylate in the treatment of metastatic and/or unresectable malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors. (2002)

On February 1, 2001, imatinib mesylate was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of malignant metastatic and/or unresectable GISTs. The recommended dose is 400 or 600 mg daily.
Cultura, corpo e natureza. Algumas relações (2006)

Este trabalho tem como objetivo estabelecer uma reflexao sobre cultura, corpo e natureza, a partir de literaturas pertinentes, com enfoque aos autores que apresentem, em seus escritos, nocoes correlatas a este universo. O intuito e organizar um referencial teorico capaz de permitir elaborar conexoes e estabelecer pontos de contato entre as areas discutidas.
A Systematic Review of Mapping Strategies for the Sonification of Physical Quantities (2013)

The field of sonification has progressed greatly over the past twenty years and currently constitutes an established area of research. This article aims at exploiting and organizing the knowledge accumulated in previous experimental studies to build a foundation for future sonification works. A systematic review of these studies may reveal trends in sonification design, and therefore support the development of design guidelines. To this end, we have reviewed and analyzed 179 scientific publications related to sonification of physical quantities. Using a bottom-up approach, we set up a list of conceptual dimensions belonging to both physical and auditory domains. Mappings used in the reviewed works were identified, forming a database of 495 entries. Frequency of use was analyzed among these conceptual dimensions as well as higher-level categories. Results confirm two hypotheses formulated in a preliminary study: pitch is by far the most used auditory dimension in sonification applications, and spatial auditory dimensions are almost exclusively used to sonify kinematic quantities. To detect successful as well as unsuccessful sonification strategies, assessment of mapping efficiency conducted in the reviewed works was considered. Results show that a proper evaluation of sonification mappings is performed only in a marginal proportion of publications. Additional aspects of the publication database were investigated: historical distribution of sonification works is presented, projects are classified according to their primary function, and the sonic material used in the auditory display is discussed. Finally, a mapping-based approach for characterizing sonification is proposed.
SOCIAL MEDIA AND PUBLIC DIPLOMACY: FOREIGN TO CHINA'S ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENTS (2013)

The looming environmental crisis in China not only brings obstacles and pain to society, but also creates a great opportunity for international cooperation. This paper critically assesses the pitfalls of China’s current environmental protection regime and the difficulties that Chinese environmental NGOs are facing. It argues that social media web sites and international environmental NGOs are able to help Chinese environmental NGOs confront their problems through tactics such as public diplomacy. BACKGROUND It is no secret that China is facing a mounting environmental crisis. Despite enjoying economic benefits from its pro-GDP policies, the central government of China is trying to use its political power to fight against China’s daunting environmental issues. In the 1970s, environmental issues drew public attention as a result of China’s coal combustion activities.1 Since then, due to the nation’s rapid economic growth at 8 percent per year, a pressing need to alleviate the impact of environmental degradation has emerged. Various emission sources, including those from automobiles, have transformed China into one of the largest polluters by emitting significant amounts of SO2 and CO2 gases. 2
Renal excretion of metolazone, a new diuretic (1972)

1. Metolazone, a new diuretic, was found to be excreted by glomerular filtration and renal tubular secretion.2. The secretory mechanism was antagonized by probenecid but this did not affect the diuretic action of metolazone.
Review of Agricultural Science and Technology Service System in China (2014)

Due to the crucial role that Chinese agricultural science and technology service system played in history.This paper elaborates the system from government,agricultural universities and research institutes,farmers' organizations and agricultural enterprises.In response to issues like scattered distribution of service resources,imperfection of service environment,shortage of service talents,lack of international experience,it proposed service resource integration,service environment improvement,service team optimization,and learning from international advanced experience to rebuild our agricultural technology service system.
Obesity-hypertension: an ongoing pandemic (2007)

Considerable evidence has suggested that excessive weight gain is the most common cause of arterial hypertension. This association has been observed in several populations, in different regions of the world. Obesity-hypertension, a term that underscores the link between these two deleterious conditions, is an important public health challenge, because of its high frequency and concomitant risk of cardiovascular and kidney diseases. The obesity-hypertension pandemic imposes a considerable economic burden on societies, directly reflecting on healthcare system costs. Increased renal sodium reabsorption and blood volume expansion are central features in the development of obesity-hypertension. Overweight is also associated with increased sympathetic activity. Leptin, a protein expressed in and secreted by adipocytes, is the main factor linking obesity, increased sympathetic nervous system activity and hypertension. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has also been causally implicated in obesity-hypertension, because angiotensinogen is expressed in and secreted by adipose tissue. Hypoadiponectinemia, high circulating levels of free fatty acids and increased vascular production of endothelin-1 (ET-1) have been reported as potential mechanisms for obesity-hypertension. Lifestyle changes are effective in obesity-hypertension control, though pharmacological treatment is frequently necessary. Despite the consistency of the mechanistic approach in explaining the causal relation between hypertension and obesity, there is yet no evidence that one class of drug is superior to the others in controlling obesity-hypertension. In this review, we present the current knowledge and research in obesity-hypertension, exploring the epidemiologic evidence of the association, its probable pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment issues.
Case Study Number Three (1993)

(1993). Case Study Number Three. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning: Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 36-40.
Differences in toxicity and antigenicity between mistletoe lectin I and viscotoxin A 3. (1983)

In contrast to mistletoe lectin I (ML I), viscotoxin A 3 does not inhibit protein synthesis in cell-free systems. From the immunological studies it is concluded that ML I and viscotoxin do not share identical structural domains.
Reaction Scheme for the Oxidation of as(III) to as(V) by Birnessite (1990)

Abstract The oxidation of As(III) to As(V) by K-birnessite was examined at different temperatures, pHs, and birnessite/As(III) ratios. Experiments ranged in duration from 5 to 64 hr, and solution and solid products were determined at several intervals. All experiments showed that the reaction produced large amounts of K + to solution and very little Mn 2+ . As(V) was released to solution and incorporated into the K-birnessite. The oxidation was initially rapid and then slowed. The oxidation of As(III) was probably facilitated initially by autocatalytic Mn-As(V) reactions occurring mostly in the interlayer, in which large amounts of As(V) and K + could be easily released to solution. The reaction also slowed when interlayer Mn was exhausted by forming Mn-As(V) complexes. Mn(IV) could only be acquired from the octahedral sheets of the birnessite. The two-stage reaction process proposed here depended on the layered structure of birnessite, the specific surface, and presence of exchangeable cations in K-birnessite.
Recovery of Upper Extremity Motor Function Post Stroke with Regard to Eligibility for Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (2011)

Results indicate that eligibility for CIMT or mCIMT should not be considered before 4 weeks post stroke because much improvement in arm function was shown to occur during the first month post stroke with standard rehabilitation.
DC Capacitor Voltage Equalization in Neutral Clamped Inverters for DSTATCOM Application (2009)

Multilevel neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter systems are increasingly used in load compensation applications. However, the most significant problem associated with these compensators is the capacitor voltage imbalances and drift due to dc components in the zero sequence current, resulting in degradation of tracking performance of the voltage source inverter. This paper proposes a carrier-based pulsewidth modulation control for an inverter-chopper circuit in order to regulate the capacitor voltages to their reference values. To demonstrate the simplicity and effectiveness of the aforementioned control scheme, a three-phase four-wire three-level NPC compensator system is taken as an example. Detailed simulation has been carried out in PSCAD 4.2.1. Experiments are conducted to validate the proposed control scheme.
Tarsus, Al Mina and Greek Chronology (1965)

‘The most interesting excavated site, after Al Mina—Posideion, is Tarsus. This area may yet hold the key to many important problems, and provide firm associations between East and West which will give fixed points for early Greek history and chronology’ (Dunbabin, The Greeks and their Eastern Neighbours 33). The publication of Tarsus iii (reviewed later in this volume) offers scholars the opportunity to judge how far the high hopes entertained for the absolute dating of Greek pottery found in the town destroyed by Sennacherib in 696 B.C. have been fulfilled. Hanfmann, who publishes the pottery, had already given some indication of the results in The Aegean and the Near East , 165 ff., a volume dedicated to Hetty Goldman, excavator of Tarsus. Some of the results seemed a little disturbing, like the appearance of East Greek bird bowls with rays before 696 B.C. With the publication we can see that the dating for Protocorinthian pottery of the end of the eighth century is moved back at least a quarter century ( pp. 115, 129, 308 ), while the disturbance to the bird bowl series suggests even more radical changes, leaving something of a vacuum in the first half of the seventh century, so far as the usually accepted dates of Protocorinthian and East Greek pottery are concerned. Hanfmann does not pursue all the implications of this, nor was it his task to in this book. Fortunately the quality of the publication makes it possible to study these problems in some detail, to evaluate the evidence of the pottery and stratigraphy, and even to suggest possible accounts, different from those of the publishers, for the years around 696 B.C. In what follows I have taken Payne's chronology for Protocorinthian as the standard since none of the detailed attempts to upset it seem to me to have been at all successful, while much new evidence has appeared to confirm it. Dunbabin's.remarks on the possible margins of error have also to be remembered (in AE 1953–54 247 ff.).
Confinement of Metal Complexes within Porous Hosts:  Development of Functional Materials for Gas Binding and Catalysis (2005)

The development of porous functional materials, using template copolymerization, that function in gas binding/release and catalysis is described. Using substitutionally inert metal complexes as templates, materials were prepared with immobilized sites that retained structural properties of the template; this allows for tunable functional properties. Chemical modification of the immobilized sites led to coordinatively unsaturated metal centers that reversibly bind either O2 or NO. Materials have also been prepared that exhibit varying degrees of catalytic activity in the hydrolytic kinetic resolution of epoxides as a function of the template concentration used to prepare the polymers.
Laser recording unit for high density permanent digital data storage (1968)

The Laser Recording Unit designed and developed by Precision Instrument Company provides a means for reliably and permanently recording and reproducing digital data.
High‐Index Faceted Platinum Nanocrystals Supported on Carbon Black as Highly Efficient Catalysts for Ethanol Electrooxidation (2009)

Platinum nanocrystals on carbon black were synthesized by an electrochemical square-wave potential method (HIF-Pt/C, see picture). The nanocrystals have high-index facets and a high density of atomic steps. Thanks to this high density, the catalysts exhibit at least twice the activity and selectivity of commercial Pt/C catalysts for ethanol electrooxidation into CO2.
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma response evaluation with MRI texture classification (2009)

Texture characteristics of MRI data were classified successfully; this proved texture analysis to be potential quantitative means of representing lymphoma tissue changes during chemotherapy response monitoring.
Role of Vasopressin in Blood Pressure Regulation during Adrenal Insufficiency* (1983)

The effect of adrenal insufficiency on the plasma concentrations of two vasoactive hormones, vasopressin and angiotensin II, was studied in conscious dogs. In addition the role of vasopressin in the maintenance of blood pressure during adrenal insufficiency was studied using [1-(beta-mercapto-beta, beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid),2-(O-methyl)tyrosine]arginine vasopressin, a specific antagonist of the vasoconstrictor action of vasopressin. Dogs were bilaterally adrenalectomized and maintained on daily cortisol and deoxycorticosterone acetate injections. Withdrawal of steroids for 4 days resulted in a 4-fold increase in plasma vasopressin concentration (P less than 0.05) and a 3-fold increase in plasma angiotensin II concentration (P less than 0.001); mean arterial pressure did not change significantly. Administration of the vasopressin antagonist in adrenalectomized dogs maintained on steroids had no effect on blood pressure. In marked contrast, vasopressin blockade in dogs with adrenal insufficiency decreased mean arterial pressure by 22 +/- 5 mm Hg (P less than 0.001). These results demonstrate the plasma angiotensin II and vasopressin concentrations increase during adrenal insufficiency in conscious dogs, and that vasopressin plays an important role in blood pressure regulation in this hypovolemic state.
Systematic evaluation of statistical methods for identifying looping interactions in 5C data (2017)

Summary Chromosome-Conformation-Capture-Carbon-Copy (5C) is a molecular technology based on proximity ligation that enables high-resolution and high-coverage inquiry of long-range chromatin looping interactions. Computational pipelines for analyzing 5C data involve a series of inter-dependent normalization procedures and statistical methods that markedly influence downstream biological results. A detailed analysis of the trade-offs inherent to all stages of 5C analysis has not been reported, but is essential for understanding the biological basis of looping. Here, we provide a comparative assessment of method performance at each step in the 5C analysis pipeline, including sequencing depth and library complexity correction, bias mitigation, spatial noise reduction, distance-dependent expected and variance estimation, modeling, and loop detection. We present a detailed discussion of methodological advantages/disadvantages at each step and provide a full suite of algorithms, lib5C, to allow investigators to test the range of approaches on their own high-resolution 5C data. Principles learned from our comparative analyses will have broad impact on many other forms of Chromosome-Conformation-Capture-based data, including Hi-C, 4C, and Capture-C.
Passenger Car Serial Application of a Particulate Filter System on a Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engine (2000)

<span class="label">1</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Although combustion system improvements allow extremely low level of particulate (EURO 4 particulate level is already achieved) the particulate filter appears to be the only solution to reduce solid particulate emission by two to three order of magnitude over the whole size range starting from 10 nm. This is the reason why an active particulate filter system has been developed.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The major issue was to fill in the gap between particulate regeneration temperature (550°C) and the naturally low exhaust gas temperature of modern DI diesel engine (150°C to 200°C in city driving conditions). This low exhaust gas temperature is the result of overall efficiency improvement to reduce fuel consumption. The active system created is based on three main groups of elements: first a specific software dedicated for regeneration control and system diagnosis, second a filtration medium made of porous Silicon Carbide (SiC) located downstream an oxidation catalyst plus a differential pressure sensor and two temperature sensors and finally a fuel additive in a specific tank and a dosing system in the main fuel tank.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The active system continuously monitors the mass of soot in the filter from the filter pressure loss to start or stop the regeneration process. This process begins with an in-cylinder gas temperature increase by specific management of multiple injection and air boost pressure to keep the torque at the same level for driveability. As soon as the oxidation catalyst in front of the filter has lit off the amount of hydrocarbon in the exhaust gas is increased by multiple injection tuning to create catalytic post combustion. The temperature rise generated by these two actions (+300°C) completed by the effect of the additive in the particulate insures the rapid and complete regeneration of the filter.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents the features and the performances of the first active particulate filter system available on a serial passenger car. This system developed in just eighteen months and whose operating modes are unnoticeable to the driver makes the most of the flexibility and the performance of the Common Rail fuel injection system. It also illustrates the continuously growing potential of modern direct injection diesel engines.</div>