gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Central venous catheters and infections. (2005)

The indications to the positioning of central venous catheters (CVCs) are various: parenteral nutrition, chemotherapy, infusion of large amount of fluids or blood products, chronic access for hemodialysis, invasive measurement of hemodynamic variables. Infection is the most important clinical complication associated with the use of CVC, both in terms of incidence and of gravity. Despite the efforts for the optimization of the materials that are more and more biocompatible, the presence of a foreign body in the organism is an ideal substratum for the microbial colonization. The Catheter-Related-Bloodstream-Infections (CRBI) involve a pro-longation of recovery stay, the increase in costs of hospitalization and an increase in morbidity and mortality. The infections are caused by: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis (60%), other bacteria (Enterococ-cus faecalis and Faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 25%) and among fungi by Candida albicans and Parapsilosis (15%). In order to prevent the CRBI it's important to follow some behavioural norms, both during the positioning of the catheter and in the subsequent assistance to the patient. In case of CRBI it is fundamental to make a sure diagnosis with the positivity for the same pathogen of 2 hemocultures obtained from CVC and from a peripheral vein and then with the microbiological analysis of the tip of the catheter, in order to carry out the specific antibiotic therapy.
Analysis of the Changes in China's Grain Production Costs over the Past Decade (2015)

China's grain production cost has risen constantly since 2003. This paper starts from the grain production cost changes of unit area and unit quality, to analyze the reasons for China's grain production cost change in the last decade. It points out that the direct cause of changes in grain production cost is the steady growth of material and services costs, the fastest growth of labor costs and fast growth of land costs. The indirect cause of grain production high cost is the low efficiency in numerous and dispersive farmer production management, obviously insufficient agricultural infrastructure construction, waste phenomenon grain in production process and low contribution rate of agricultural technology. On this basis, it is recommended to reduce China's grain production cost and improve grain production conditions.
Demand-side view of electricity markets (2003)

This tutorial paper discusses some aspects of electricity markets from the perspective of the demand-side. It argues that increasing the short-run price elasticity of the demand for electrical energy would improve the operation of these markets. It shows, however, that enhancing this elasticity is not an easy task. The tools that consumers and retailers of electrical energy need to participate more actively and effectively in electricity markets are discussed. The paper also describes how consumers of electricity can take part in the provision of power system security.
Blood pressure-lowering effect of adding grapefruit juice to nifedipine and terazosin in a patient with severe renovascular hypertension (1996)

Grapefruit juice had been fortuitously noted to elevate the concentration of felodipine in a pharmacological study of the effect of ethanol on felodipine. This effect was later confirmed not only for felodipine but also for three other dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. I herein present what I believe to be the first case report describing a marked blood pressure-lowering effect of grapefruit juice in a person receiving an antihypertensive regimen of a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (nifedipine) and terazosin.
Physiopathology of Cushing's Disease (1983)

HARVEY CUSHING first described a patient with the disease bearing his name in 1912 (1). The patient manifested rapidly acquired central obesity, hypertrichosis, amenorrhea, and muscle weakness; on physical examination, “her round face was dusky and cyanoid,” supraclavicular and posterior cervical fat pads were present, and it was also noted that the skin was rough and dry, with considerable pigmentation, and with numerous ecchymoses and purplish striae. At that time, Cushing was uncertain as to whether the symptoms were attributable to pituitary “or adrenal, pineal, or ovarian influences,” involvement of these regions having previously been reported in association with similar clinical findings. There was apparently an even earlier report of a similar clinical syndrome by Osier in 1899 (2), which was described, however, as “An acute myxoedematous condition, with tachycardia, glycosuria, melaena, mania, and death” (the latter occurring within 6 months of onset). Between 1923 and 1926, in addition to other case reports, there were three in which similar signs and symptoms were described in association with pituitary tumors, which the authors considered to be incidental findings (3–5).
Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Retinal Diseases (2009)

Local administration of drugs using primarily intravitreal delivery systems is important in treating retinal diseases. Novel drug delivery approaches for treating diabetic macular edema currently are focused on sustained-release corticosteroids. For neovascular age-related macular degeneration, frequent intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor compounds are the standard of care. Unmet needs in this population are therapies that reduce the treatment burden and improve visual acuity in a greater proportion of patients.
Monoclonal Antibodies against Human Fibroblast Interferon (1981)

A stable hybridoma clone derived by infusion of mouse myeloma cells (cell line Fo) and spleen cells of immunized mice has been isolated which secretes monoclonal antibodies against human fibroblast interferon (interferon-beta). The antibody inhibits the antiviral activity of human fibroblast interferon in an antiviral assay using human FS4 fibroblast, reacts immunologically with interferon-beta separated by sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subsequent transfer to nitrocellulose and absorbs interferon-beta immunologically when bound to CNBr-activated Sepharose. It also inhibits the antiviral activity of human fibroblast interferon-beta from which the sugar moiety has been cleaved off by enzymatic treatment. The antibody is therefore probably directed against the protein moiety of the interferon molecules.
Towards Lightweight Application Integration Based on Mashup (2009)

Traditional application integration technologies are performed in a rigid and slow process that usually takes along time to build and deploy, requiring professional developers and domain experts. Moreover, they are server-centric and do not fully utilize the computing power and storage capability of client. As an emerging technology, mashup helps move Web 2.0 into the enterprise and can reduce application integration costs and leverage SOAK investments. In the paper, we employ a software architecture view for application integration based on mashup. We propose a component model to encapsulate integrated objects as well as a connector model to specify communication style and communication content between integrated objects. Implementation details of abstract models and a case study are also presented. Our approach allows end user to integrate enterprise applications and services in a more lightweight manner.
Sensory Detection and Responses to Toxic Gases: Mechanisms, Health Effects, and Countermeasures (2010)

The inhalation of reactive gases and vapors can lead to severe damage of the airways and lung, compromising the function of the respiratory system. Exposures to oxidizing, electrophilic, acidic, or basic gases frequently occur in occupational and ambient environments. Corrosive gases and vapors such as chlorine, phosgene, and chloropicrin were used as warfare agents and in terrorist acts. Chemical airway exposures are detected by the olfactory, gustatory, and nociceptive sensory systems that initiate protective physiological and behavioral responses. This review focuses on the role of airway nociceptive sensory neurons in chemical sensing and discusses the recent discovery of neuronal receptors for reactive chemicals. Using physiological, imaging, and genetic approaches, Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) ion channels in sensory neurons were shown to respond to a wide range of noxious chemical stimuli, initiating pain, respiratory depression, cough, glandular secretions, and other protective responses. TRPA1, a TRP ion channel expressed in chemosensory C-fibers, is activated by almost all oxidizing and electrophilic chemicals, including chlorine, acrolein, tear gas agents, and methyl isocyanate, the highly noxious chemical released in the Bhopal disaster. Chemicals likely activate TRPA1 through covalent protein modification. Animal studies using TRPA1 antagonists or TRPA1-deficient mice confirmed the role of TRPA1 in chemically induced respiratory reflexes, pain, and inflammation in vivo. New research shows that sensory neurons are not merely passive sensors of chemical exposures. Sensory channels such as TRPA1 are essential for maintenance of airway inflammation in asthma and may contribute to the progression of airway injury following high-level chemical exposures.
Resuscitation following trauma and hemorrhagic shock (1995)

University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worchester, MA From the Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA.
Some Optical, Thermo-Optical, and Piezo-Optical Properties of Synthetic Sapphire* (1958)

Measurements of the ordinary and extraordinary refractive indexes of synthetic sapphire are reported. Direct independent measurements of the birefringence are given. Temperature and piezo-optical coefficients of birefringence are given and combined with published data and calculations of W. L. Bragg to yield order of magnitude values for the thermal coefficient of expansion and Young’s modulus.
Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 12 mosaicism: Physical and developmental follow‐up (1994)

Follow-up evaluations were performed on a child at the ages of 2 years 8 months and also at 5 years who had been found on prenatal amniocentesis to be mosaic for trisomy 12. Eight of 36 colonies (22 per cent) were trisomy 12 at amniocentesis, with the remaining colonies showing a normal female karyotype. Cord blood, amnion, chorion, placental, and skin fibroblast chromosome studies failed to show any further evidence of a trisomy 12 cell line. At her evaluations, the child had normal physical and neurological findings. Psychomotor development was appropriate for age on screening.
Interactions between milk proteins and polyphenols: Binding mechanisms, related changes, and the future trends in the dairy industry (2017)

The biological activity and techno-functional properties of phenolic compounds have gained great importance due to the epidemiologically-proved health benefits. Use of polyphenols as fortification agents for functional food production and nanotechnological approaches using natural vehicles for polyphenol delivery have been recently discussed. In this respect, milk proteins and dairy products represent unique characteristics for polyphenol studies. The conflicting results on the functionality of polyphenols interacting with milk proteins either in model systems or in complex dairy matrices reveal the need for future studies.
New Diels-Alder Reactions with Vinylindoles: A Regio- and Stereocontrolled Access to Annellated Indoles and Derivatives (1988)

New struotilral aspects of vinylindoles for predicting the outcome of Diels-Alder reactions are presented for the first time.Novel, mostly regio-and stereoselective oycloaddition reactions with 3-and 2vinylindoles are described briefly and, in some cases, new applications for the syntheses of alkaloids are discussed.
EVIDENCE FOR TWO KINDS OF “H ATOMS” IN THE RADIATION CHEMISTRY OF WATER<sup>1</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEVIDENCE FOR TWO KINDS OF "H ATOMS" IN THE RADIATION CHEMISTRY OF WATER1E. Hayon and A. O. AllenCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1961, 65, 12, 2181–2185Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100829a017https://doi.org/10.1021/j100829a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Recognizing drug allergy (2005)

Proper diagnosis of adverse drug reactions, although often complicated and difficult, is important for the patient and the physician. Often the question of whether it is safe to readminister a medication is an important clinical judgment that needs to be made. Alternative medications may be less effective or have greater toxicities or cost, or both. Areas of ongoing research to improve diagnostic precision for allergic drug reactions include further understanding of the immunochemistry of allergenic medications, improvement of the reproducibility and sensitivity of relevant in vitro assays, and further validation of computer-assisted evaluation of adverse drug events. The positive and negative predictive values for these diagnostic tests need to be better defined whenever possible. At present, the primary diagnostic tool for properly assessing immunologic drug reactions remains a meticulous and detailed history obtained by an astute, knowledgeable, and motivated physician.
The Long Noncoding RNA CHRF Regulates Cardiac Hypertrophy by Targeting miR-489 (2014)

Our present study reveals a novel cardiac hypertrophy regulating model that is composed of CHRF, miR-489, and Myd88. The modulation of their levels may provide a new approach for tackling cardiac hypertrophy.
Line Current Harmonics Reduction in Multipulse Connection of Asymmetrically Loaded Rectifiers (2005)

This paper proposes a new arrangement for the multipulse connection of asymmetrically loaded six-pulse rectifiers. This arrangement is, therefore, particularly suitable for implementing the dc voltage sources of hybrid multilevel inverters in applications with active power transfer, such as medium-voltage adjustable-speed drives. A new design methodology is proposed to determine the phase shifts among the secondaries of the isolation transformer, even when the active power levels processed by each rectifier and their input and output impedances are different. A set of phase angles is obtained to minimize, and even to eliminate, undesired low-order harmonics of the input current, in particular, the 5th harmonic, because this harmonic component presents an amplitude considerably higher than the amplitude of the other harmonics. In consequence, the proposed design methodology increases the input power factor and reduces the input current total harmonic distortion. Simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed structure.
Characterizing reservoir parameters by integrating seismic monitoring and geomechanics (2002)

The Céré-la-Ronde underground gas storage reservoir in the Paris Basin, a test site to study and enhance reservoir seismic monitoring, is a water-bearing sandstone reservoir in a faulted anticline structure. Seismic data acquired so far have generated a qualitative interpretation of the location of the gas bubble by studying fluid saturation (Meunier, 1998). However, between 1994 and 1997, two sonic logs showed subtle differences in VP not explained solely by saturation variations. Changes in pore pressure and stresses also influence reservoir elastic properties. Hence, we used geomechanical modeling to evaluate quantitatively how exploiting the gas reservoir impacts seismic measurements.
III : 정격연주의 쟁점들에 대한 고찰 (2000)

Can music be the voice of an era? This question is more amplified by the present concert programs. These days concerts' programs don't consist of contemporary music hut earlier one. Though some contemporary composers music is on a few concerts programs, i
A Conceptual Flash Flood Early Warning System for Africa, Based on Terrestrial Microwave Links and Flash Flood Guidance (2014)

A conceptual flash flood early warning system for developing countries is described. The system uses rainfall intensity data from terrestrial microwave communication links and the geostationary Meteosat Second Generation satellite, i.e., two systems that are already in place and operational. Flash flood early warnings are based on a combination of the Flash Flood Guidance method and a hydrological model. The system will be maintained and operated through a public-private partnership, which includes a mobile telephone operator, a national meteorological service and an emergency relief service. The mobile telephone operator acts as both the supplier of raw input data and the disseminator of early warnings. The early warning system could significantly reduce the number of fatalities due to flash floods, improve the efficiency of disaster risk reduction efforts and play an important role in strengthening the resilience to climate change of developing countries in Africa. This paper describes the system that is currently being developed for Kenya.
Architectural Design Criteria for Spacecraft Solar Arrays (2011)

GaInP GaAs
A Review of Water Management in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (2009)

At present, despite the great advances in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology over the past two decades through intensive research and development activities, their large-scale commercialization is still hampered by their higher materials cost and lower reliability and durability. In this review, water management is given special consideration. Water management is of vital importance to achieve maximum performance and durability from PEMFCs. On the one hand, to maintain good proton conductivity, the relative humidity of inlet gases is typically held at a large value to ensure that the membrane remains fully hydrated. On the other hand, the pores of the catalyst layer (CL) and the gas diffusion layer (GDL) are frequently flooded by excessive liquid water, resulting in a higher mass transport resistance. Thus, a subtle equilibrium has to be maintained between membrane drying and liquid water flooding to prevent fuel cell degradation and guarantee a high performance level, which is the essential problem of water management. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art studies of water management, including the experimental methods and modeling and simulation for the characterization of water management and the water management strategies. As one important aspect of water management, water flooding has been extensively studied during the last two decades. Herein, the causes, detection, effects on cell performance and mitigation strategies of water flooding are overviewed in detail. In the end of the paper the emphasis is given to: (i) the delicate equilibrium of membrane drying vs. water flooding in water management; (ii) determining which phenomenon is principally responsible for the deterioration of the PEMFC performance, the flooding of the porous electrode or the gas channels in the bipolar plate, and (iii) what measures should be taken to prevent water flooding from happening in PEMFCs.
THE SULPHURIC ACID SOLVENT SYSTEM: PART V. SOLUTIONS OF SOME ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS (1963)

The cryoscopic and conductimetric behavior of solutions of hexamethyldisiloxane, trimethylethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, and tetraphenylsilane in 100% sulphuric acid has been investigated. The measurements show that stable non-electrolytes such as (CH 3 ) 3 Si·HSO 4 and (CH 3 ) 2 Si(HSO 4 ) 2 are formed from the tri- and di-alkyl compounds. Species such as CH 3 Si(HSO 4 ) 3 , which are presumably formed in the reaction of monoalkyl compounds, and Si(HSO 4 ) 4 , which it is reasonable to suppose is the initial product from the cleavage of tetraphenylsilane, are unstable and polymerize to give polymers containing Si—O—Si bridging groups. No evidence was obtained for the formation of siliconium ions or for the formation of compounds containing silicon with a coordination number greater than four.
Plastid Transformation in Tomato (2014)

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important vegetable crops and has long been an important model species in plant biology. Plastid biology in tomato is especially interesting due to the chloroplast-to-chromoplast conversion occurring during fruit ripening. Moreover, as tomato represents a major food crop with an edible fruit that can be eaten raw, the development of a plastid transformation protocol for tomato was of particular interest to plant biotechnology. Recent methodological improvements have made tomato plastid transformation more efficient and facilitated applications in metabolic engineering and molecular farming. This article describes the basic methods involved in the generation and analysis of tomato plants with transgenic chloroplast genomes and summarizes current applications of tomato plastid transformation.
Observed and Intrinsic Properties of Binary Star Orbits (2001)

"We have analyzed the effects that the process of spectroscopic binary detection can introduce on the known statistics of these stars. Performing a Monte Carlo simulation, we have studied the possibility of having a 100% spectroscopic binarity. We show the biases in the period and mass ratio distribution introduced by a search for binaries on such a population."
Surface Electromyography in the Assessment of Changes in Paraspinal Muscle Activity Associated with Vertebral Subluxation: A Review (1997)

Electromyography is the technique of recording electrical potentials associated with mus- cular activity. Needle electrodes may be inserted in the muscle being monitored, or surface electrodes may be placed on the skin overlying the muscles being studied. Both techniques have been used for the exam- ination of paraspinal and peripheral muscle function. However, surface EMG and needle EMG are not interchangeable procedures.This paper reviews the principles of static and dynamic surface electromyo- graphic techniques. Issues of reliability and validity are addressed. The clinical application of SEMG pro- cedures for the assessment of changes in paraspinal myoelectric activity associated with vertebral sublux- ation are described.
High-yield synthesis of tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene (TMTSF) avoiding the use of gaseous hydrogen selenide (1983)

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