gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Innately moving away from the Th1/Th2 paradigm in pregnancy (2003)

A quiet and silentconceptual revolution is taking place in reproductive immunology. The ‘riddle of the fetal allograft’ was viewed by many, and still is by most, as resulting most probably from an altered, T cell-mediated, maternal immune response which permits tolerance to the paternally inherited histocompatibilty antigens of the conceptus. Thus, the ideas inherited from the Sir Peter Medawar citation classic [1] have set the scene in reproductive immunology for the past half-century.
Medical treatment of portal hypertension and oesophageal varices. (1983)

We agree with Dr Serjeant that a controlled prospective assessment of prophylactic regi- mens of intensive blood transfusions during pregnancy in women with sickle cell disease is urgently required.The advantage of such treatment over equally careful supervision of the pregnancy but with a more conservative use of blood transfusions has been questioned."9 Multiple transfusions are not with- out certain dangers, including the induction of atypical red cell antibodies, which occurred in 14°(? of the transfused patients in our United Kingdom series.4If prophylactic transfusions are expected to have any appre- ciable impact on the rate of abortion and severe fetal growth retardation they would clearly need to be started much earlier than the suggested 28 weeks.In collaboration with colleagues at St Thomas's and certain other London hospitals we are about to start a study of the efficacy of transfusions that we hope will help to answer these questions.
Compact wavelength-selective switch for gigabit filtering in access networks (2005)

A compact [200×200 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ] wavelength-selective switch based on thermally tunable SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> --Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> microring resonators has been designed and realized. The switch supports gigabit filtering applications in access networks. Spectral measurements show an ON-OFF ratio of 12 dB and a channel separation of 20 dB. The 10-Gb/s measurements on a single ring show no degradation of the modulated signal and a theoretical BER (bit-error rate) <10/sup -12/.
1,4‐Addition of Arylsiloxanes to Enones Catalyzed by Dicationic Palladium(II) Complexes in Aqueous Media. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diversity of carbofuran-degrading soil bacteria and detection of plasmid-encoded sequences homologous to the mcd gene (1995)

Fifty-five bacterial isolates, from English and French soils with different histories of carbofuran field treatment, which hydrolysed the N-methylcarbamate insecticide carbofuran to carbofuran 7-phenol were characterised phenotypically and genetically. The isolates were compared by using 125 physiological tests and morphological features, plasmid profiles and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of total DNA using the rRNA operon of Escherichia coli as a DNA probe. Cluster analysis of both phenotypic characters and RFLP patterns showed a high degree of diversity amongst the bacteria. Ten distinct plasmid profiles with 2–4 plasmids ranging in size from 84 to about 438 kb were visualised in 50 isolates. The majority of isolates had one of two types of plasmid profiles. Plasmid profiles and EcoRI restricted total DNA patterns were hybridised with an internal fragment of the carbofuran hydrolase (mcd) gene and 22 diverse soil isolates exhibited sequence homology with this gene probe. Our results indicate that sequences homologous to the mcd gene are located on a conserved EcoRI fragment (12 or 14 kb) of a plasmid (100, 105, 115 or 124 kb) found in diverse soil isolates from geographically distant areas. Thirty-three isolates did not exhibit detectable homology to the mcd gene probe and the hydrolase enzymes and genes in these isolates need further investigation.
Modeling the Influence of pH, Temperature and Culture Medium Composition on the Kinetics of Growth and Cysteine Proteinase Production by Micrococcus sp. INIA 528 in Batch Culture (2001)

Kinetics of biomass and cysteine proteinase formation during growth of Micrococcussp. INIA 528 in batch cultivation were studied. Modeling of cultivation data was carried out using an unstructured model. The logistic equation was found to be adequate to describe microbial growth. Production of cysteine proteinase was described by means of an equation including biomass and substrate concentrations. An overall model based on an equation of substrate consumption dependent on biomass formation and proteinase production was postulated. The kinetic parameters (specific growth rate, maximum biomass, proteinase production rate and proteinase formation yield) were obtained taking into account the influence of pH (6.0–8.0), temperature (28–41 ºC) and the addition of different supplements to the basal culture medium [yeast extract, MgSO 4,glucose, K2HPO4 and (NH4)2SO4]. Kinetic parameters were calculated by fitting experimental data by a nonlinear technique using the algorithm of Marquardt coupled to a fourth-order Runge-Kutta subroutine.
Determination of Mercury (II) Ion Concentrations in Human Serum Albumin Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Multivariate Regression Analysis (2012)

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a protein responsible for the transportation and delivery of drug molecules, fatty acids, and metabolites to various targets and the removal of waste products from the body. However, the binding of heavy metal ions, including mercury (II) (Hg(II)), can adversely affect HSA physiological properties with deleterious health consequences. The volatility of Hg at room temperature precludes the use of conventional flame, graphite furnace, or inductively couple atomic absorption spectroscopy for routine analysis of Hg in most research and medical laboratories. This study reports the first potential utility of fluorescence spectroscopy and multivariate regression analysis for the determination of Hg(II) concentration in HSA samples. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicated the binding of Hg(II) at HSA amide I and amide II sites. Also, the binding of Hg(II) with HSA resulted in a decreased HSA ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorption and dramatic quenching of HSA fluorescence emission. The developed multivariate partial least squares regression (PLSR) model from Hg(II)–HSA fluorescence emission data was able to predict the Hg(II) concentration in HSA samples, with a root mean square percent relative error of prediction of 6.59%. The simplicity, low cost, and robustness of this method makes it a promising alternative method for rapid determination of Hg(II) concentration in biological specimens.
Sensory and Motor Responses to Acute Ischemia in Healthy Individuals (2004)

1132 Decreased endoneurial blood flow has been implicated in nerve dysfunction in diseased individuals. The theory that diminished blood flow leads to nerve dysfunction is provocative, however, no causal relationship has been established. PURPOSE: To examine the effect of acute ischemia on peripheral nerve function in healthy subjects. It was hypothesized that acute ischemia would produce changes in the ability of sensory and motor nerves to propagate an impulse. METHODS: Twelve adults (23.6 ± 2.15 yrs) with no history of diabetes, peripheral, or central nerve disease or injury participated in the study. Surface electrodes were placed over the soleus and tibialis anterior muscles with electrical stimulation occurring through the skin on the tibial nerve behind the knee. The H-wave and M-wave recruitment curves were determined for each subject while in a prone position at rest and after 5 minutes of ischemia. Ischemia was induced by occluding the femoral artery just above the knee with a pneumatic cuff infiated to 50 mm Hg above systolic blood pressure. Ischemia was confirmed when tissue oxygen saturation levels dropped to zero percent as measured by a near infrared spectrometer. RESULTS: Hmax/Mmax ratios were significantly reduced with acute ischemia (mean ± SE) 66.29 ± 5.4 percent and 58.81 ± 6.7 percent respectively for rest and ischemia. This was due to a decrease in Hmax during acute ischemia with no change in Mmax. In addition, the stimulus intensity required to evoke a motor response significantly decreased with ischemia from 6.4 mA ± 0.04 to 5.2 ± 0.03 mA. The stimulus intensity required to evoke an H-reflex also significantly decreased from rest 5.3 mA ± 0.04 to 4.2 ± 0.03 mA. CONCLUSION: Acute ischemia increases both motor and sensory nerve excitability by decreasing motor and sensory thresholds in healthy individuals. Surprisingly, this increased excitability is accompanied by a decrease in H-reflex amplitude, suggesting that acute ischemia has differential effects on sensory nerve propagation and synapse transmission.
Conformations and rotational barriers of di‐ and tetraarylporphyrins; a computational and experimental study (1994)

Abstract The usefulness of molecular‐mechanics calculations in the study of the conformational properties of several tetraarylporphyrins and diarylporphyrins is demonstrated. Energy‐minimized conformations and rotational barriers of several substituted and unsubstituted arylporphyrins correspond very well with experimental results.
Semiconductor-laser-pumped high-power upconversion laser (2006)

A high-power optically pumped semiconductor laser operating around 970 nm has been used as a pumping source for an upconversion laser based on an Er3+ doped LiLuF4 crystal. Nearly 0.5 W of continuous wave (cw) output power and 0.8 W peak power at a 50% pump duty cycle could be achieved at a wavelength of 552 nm. This represents the highest output power from a room temperature upconversion laser ever reported. Laser threshold and slope efficiency were measured to be below 100 mW of absorbed pump power and 30%, respectively. This experiment could be an important step along the route to realizing a compact and efficient upconversion laser emitting in the Watt level power regime.
Mine Burial Prediction: A Cooperative NRL/ONR Study (2001)

Abstract : The long-term goal is to provide the U.S. Navy with an accurate, probabilistic mine burial prediction capability through testing and validation of improved and recently developed, physics-based, mine burial models. The payoff will be an integrated, probabilistic, time-dependent mine burial model which can be applied to tactical and strategic mine burial scenarios.
Thin-film chemical sensors based on electron tunneling (1985)

The physical mechanisms underlying a novel chemical sensor based on electron tunneling in metal-insulator-metal (MIM) tunnel junctions were studied. Chemical sensors based on electron tunneling were shown to be sensitive to a variety of substances that include iodine, mercury, bismuth, ethylenedibromide, and ethylenedichloride. A sensitivity of 13 parts per billion of iodine dissolved in hexane was demonstrated. The physical mechanisms involved in the chemical sensitivity of these devices were determined to be the chemical alteration of the surface electronic structure of the top metal electrode in the MIM structure. In addition, electroreflectance spectroscopy (ERS) was studied as a complementary surface-sensitive technique. ERS was shown to be sensitive to both iodine and mercury. Electrolyte electroreflectance and solid-state MIM electroreflectance revealed qualitatively the same chemical response. A modified thin-film structure was also studied in which a chemically active layer was introduced at the top Metal-Insulator interface of the MIM devices. Cobalt phthalocyanine was used for the chemically active layer in this study. Devices modified in this way were shown to be sensitive to iodine and nitrogen dioxide. The chemical sensitivity of the modified structure was due to conductance changes in the active layer.
3,4-Dichloropropionaniline Suppresses Normal Macrophage Function (2007)

Macrophages are a critical part of the innate immune response and natural surveillance mechanisms. As such, proper macrophage function is crucial for engulfing bacterial pathogens through phagocytosis and destroying them by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The production of a number of cytokines by macrophages, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-6, plays an important role in the initiation of the acquired immune response creating an inflammatory environment favorable for fighting a bacterial infection. 3,4-Dichloropropionaniline (DCPA) suppresses several inflammatory parameters, including TNF-alpha production through a mechanism where nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-DNA binding is inhibited but not entirely abrogated. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of DCPA on the inflammatory mediators of macrophages, including ROS and RNS in both murine peritoneal exudate cells and the human monocytic cell line, THP-1. The ability to perform phagocytosis and directly kill Listeria monocytogenes was also assessed. The results indicate that DCPA decreases the ability of both types of macrophages to phagocytize beads and generate both types of reactive species, which was correlated with a decrement in listericidal activity. These results demonstrate that DCPA has profound effects on macrophage function and provide insight into the potential mechanisms of immunosuppression by DCPA.
Pyrolysis of Benzyl Phenyl Ether Confined in Mesoporous Silica (2005)

Benzyl phenyl ether (PhOCH2Ph, BPE), a model for related structural features in lignin and low-rank coal, has been immobilized in MCM-41 hexagonal mesoporous silicas having pore diameters of 2.7, 2.2, and 1.7 nm. Pyrolysis studies conducted at 275 °C have revealed that the free-radical reaction pathways previously observed on nonporous Cabosil silica remain operative in the MCM-41 silicas. The BPE pyrolysis rate is slightly slower (ca. 2- fold) in these nanoporous solids than on Cabosil, which is correlated with a corresponding decrease in the rate of radical formation by homolysis of the weak O−C bond. Two rearrangement pathways dominate the chemistry and account for ca. 67 mol % of the products at all pore sizes studied, which is markedly increased compared with the corresponding Cabosil case (ca. 50 mol %). The first pathway is recombination of the incipient benzyl and phenoxyl radicals to form surface-immobilized benzylphenol isomers, 1. The second pathway involves an O−C phenyl shift in surface-attached PhOCH·Ph radicals leading to formation of surface-attached benzhydrol (4) and benzophenone (5) products. The selectivity between these two rearrangement pathways shows only a small dependence on pore size, and comparisons with new data obtained for BPE on Cabosil indicate that the density of grafted BPE molecules on the surface is the most important factor in determining this product selectivity.
A* with Partial Expansion for Large Branching Factor Problems (2000)

The multiple sequence alignment problem is one of the im-portant problems in Genome Informatics. The notable fea-ture of this problem is that its state-space forms a lattice. Researchers have applied search algorithms such as A * and memory-bounded search algorithms including SNC to this problem. Unfortunately, previous work could align only seven sequences at most. Korf proposed DCBDS, which ex-ploits the features of a grid, and suggested that DCBDS prob-ably solved this problem, effectively. We found, however, that DCBDS was not effective for aligning many sequences. In this paper, we propose a simple and effective search algo-rithm, A * with Partial Expansion, for state-spaces with large branching factors. The aim of this algorithm is to store only necessary nodes for finding an optimal solution. In node ex-pansion, A * stores all child nodes, while our algorithm stores only promising child nodes. This mechanism enables us to re-duce the memory requirements during a search. We apply our algorithm to the multiple sequence alignment problem. It can align seven sequences with only 4.7 % of the stored nodes re-quired by A*.
Hiding, detecting, and removing steganographic noise (2007)

Unlike cryptography, steganography in natural images cannot currently be made computationally secure. It is not a matter of how much security is “enough”. Instead, steganography cannot have provable security due to the lack of a model of the content of an image, or more precisely, the lack of specificity in the models that do exist. This problem affects both sides of the steganography-steganalysis competition. Despite this seemingly fatal flaw, the desire to hide information still exists. The need to communicate secretly still exists. So, without perfect security, how can a steganographer and a steganalyst best pursue their respective tasks? 
This dissertation investigates the dual problems of hiding and detecting steganography. The general premise treats steganography as noise, stego-noise. The contributions of this work include the development of new approaches to both steganography and steganalysis. Along the way, new methods of non-linear denoising, edge detection, and a new form of parametric wavelets were also created. 
For hiding stego-noise, a technique is presented for hiding within the most visually significant areas of the image, the edges. A mild distortion channel is developed which effectively detects image edges and textures. This distortion channel generates visually similar images that serve as bounding structures for embedding hidden data. For detecting stego-noise, a formal steganalysis method is presented, based on estimating a clean image. Estimating a clean image typically relies on a conventional noise model that does not apply to steganography. A new method is developed which does not rely on conventional noise models. This work introduces a new steganalysis method based on estimating statistics of image noise. For removing stego-noise, a number of denoising methods are investigated for their ability to preserve an image while removing any hidden information.
Effects of Instillation of Eyedrops Containing Disulfiram and Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex on Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis in Rats (2011)

The present results demonstrate that the topical instillation of DSF eyedrops suppresses the inflammation in EIU, suggesting a possible novel approach for the treatment of ocular inflammation.
Primary hydatid cyst of the maxillary sinus (1983)

An unusual case of hydatid cyst of the maxillary sinus compressing the orbit is presented. No similar report has appeared in world literature.
Charm production in the hot-glue scenario (2001)

Charm production by gluons and light quarks not in chemical equilibrium (the hot-glue scenario) is explored in a one-dimensional Bjorken-type expansion. The quark-gluon plasma background evolves according to chemical kinetic equations that include gluon fragmentation and light quark production. The momentum distributions of all particles are assumed to be Bose/Fermi. The parameter space is constrained through the initial energy density and the final state entropy. It is found that initial hard processes contribute far more to the final state charm abundance than in plasma production.
The Integrated Project SOFC600 Development of Low-temperature SOFC (2009)

The Integrated Project SOFC600 unites 21 partners jointly working on the research and development of SOFC stack components for operation at 600oC. The project is funded by the European Commission within the 6th Framework Programme. Low-temperature operation is considered essential for achieving commercial targets for lifetime and costs. This paper gives an overview of the activities in the project and of the main overall results achieved up to now.
<title>Rapid nondestructive selection of peanuts for high aflatoxin content by soaking and tandem mass spectrometry</title> (2001)

Peanut lots are subject to aflatoxin levels high enough to cause concern to health agencies and trade channels. A possible solution would be to mechanically sort out high aflatoxin nuts from the process stream. Only highly contaminated nuts need be removed. However, there exists at present no sorting mechanism which meets commercial needs of adequate reduction and product preservation. To build such a sorter requires knowledge ofthe properties which can be used for sorting. The first step in the design is to select of order of one hundred undamaged contaminated nuts which can be compared with non-contaminated ones. Because contaminated nuts are rare, a very large number of nuts need to be examined non-destructively. We present a method to rapidly carry out such a selection. The method is based on dipping nuts into extraction fluid and examining the resulting fluid by MS-MS without preliminary clean-up. This method has been applied to examine over 65,000 nuts, yielding approximately 120 nuts, each containing more than 250-8000 ng/g aflatoxin (depending on process stream).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SPIROIMIDES OF PHARMACOLOGIC INTEREST (1985)

Abstract Die cyclischen Ketone (I) kondensieren mit Cyanessigsäureester (II) zu den α‐Cyanacrylaten (III), die sich nach Umsetzung mit KCN zu den Dicarbonsäuren (IV) hydrolysieren lassen.
Cloning and intracellular localization of the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein auxiliary factor small subunit. (1992)

U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein auxiliary factor (U2AF), an essential mammalian splicing factor, is composed of two subunits: a 65-kDa protein (U2AF65), which binds the pre-mRNA polypyrimidine tract and is required for in vitro splicing, and an associated 35-kDa protein (U2AF35). Here we report the isolation of a cDNA encoding U2AF35. U2AF35 contains sequence motifs found in several mammalian pre-mRNA splicing factors. We show directly that U2AF65 and U2AF35 interact with each other and delineate the regions of both proteins that mediate this interaction. Using anti-peptide antibodies against U2AF35, we show that the protein has the intracellular distribution characteristic of U2AF65. Both U2AF65 and U2AF35 are concentrated in a small number of nuclear foci corresponding to coiled bodies, subnuclear organelles first identified by light microscopy in 1903.
Negative regulation of CCaMK is essential for symbiotic infection (2012)

One of the earliest responses of legumes to symbiotic signalling is oscillation of the calcium concentration in the nucleoplasm of root epidermal cells. Integration and decoding of the calcium-spiking signal involve a calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) and its phosphorylation substrates, such as CYCLOPS. Here we describe the Lotus japonicus ccamk-14 mutant that originated from a har1-1 suppressor screen. The ccamk-14 mutation causes a serine to asparagine substitution at position 337 located within the calmodulin binding site, which we determined to be an in vitro phosphorylation site in CCaMK. We show that ccamk-14 exerts cell-specific effects on symbiosis. The mutant is characterized by an increased frequency of epidermal infections and significantly compromised cortical infections by Mesorhizobium loti and also the arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. The S337 residue is conserved across angiosperm CCaMKs, and testing discrete substitutions at this site showed that it participates in a negative regulation of CCaMK activity, which is required for the cell-type-specific integration of symbiotic signalling.