gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glutamine catabolism by heart muscle. Properties of phosphate-activated glutaminase (1992)

1. Rat heart homogenates catabolized glutamine in the presence of rotenone, an inhibitor of the respiratory chain. 2. The reaction was markedly stimulated by phosphate and inhibited by glutamate, but not greatly affected by ammonia. 3. Glutamine breakdown was enhanced by lactate, malate, citrate and ATP, and almost completely blocked by 1 mM-N-ethylmaleimide. 4. The Km for glutamine measured in homogenates supplemented with either 50 mM- or 100 mM-phosphate and at pH 7.3 or 8.0 was about 4 mM, whereas the Vmax was larger at higher anion concentrations and at the more alkaline pH. 5. Activity of glutaminase was 3-fold greater in isolated mitochondria than in muscle homogenates. Distribution of the activity was the same as that of a mitochondrial marker, cytochrome c oxidase. 6. Properties of glutaminase with respect to its dependence on the concentrations of phosphate, glutamine and H+ were the same in intact and broken mitochondria and very similar to those in homogenates. However, the specific activity of the enzyme was considerably smaller in frozen-thawed than in intact organelles. 7. It is concluded that heart mitochondria possess a kidney-type phosphate-activated glutaminase that can serve as a source of myocardial glutamate.
Reconstructing Nervous System Development and Function with Light-Sheet Microscopy (2015)

I will present our integrated, imaging-based technology framework for reconstructing development and function of the early nervous system in vivo, which combines high-speed multi-view light-sheet microscopy with automated approaches to large-scale image analysis.
Rapid viscosity measurements of powdered thermosetting resins (1978)

A rapid and inexpensive method of obtaining processing-related data on powdered thermosetting resins has been investigated. The method involved viscosity measurements obtained with a small specimen (less than 100 mg) parallel plate plastometer. A data acquisition and reduction system was developed which provided a value of viscosity and strain rate about 12-13 second intervals during a test. The effects of specimen compaction pressure and reduction of adhesion between specimen and parallel plates were examined. The plastometer was used to measure some processing-related viscosity changes of an addition polyimide resin, including changes caused by pre-test heat treatment, test temperature, and strain rate.
Molecular Dyads of Ruthenium(II)– or Osmium(II)–Bis(terpyridine) Chromophores and Expanded Pyridinium Acceptors: Equilibration between MLCT and Charge-Separated Excited States (2013)

The synthesis, characterization, redox behavior, and photophysical properties (both at room temperature in fluid solution and at 77 K in rigid matrix) of a series of four new molecular dyads (2-5) containing Ru(II)- or Os(II)-bis(terpyridine) subunits as chromophores and various expanded pyridinium subunits as electron acceptors are reported, along with the reference properties of a formerly reported dyad, 1. The molecular dyads 2-4 have been designed to have their (potentially emissive) triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) and charge-separated (CS) states close in energy, so that excited-state equilibration between these levels can take place. Such a situation is not shared by limit cases 1 and 5. For dyad 1, forward photoinduced electron transfer (time constant, 7 ps) and subsequent charge recombination (time constant, 45 ps) are evidenced, while for dyad 5, photoinduced electron transfer is thermodynamically forbidden so that MLCT decays are the only active deactivation processes. As regards 2-4, CS states are formed from MLCT states with time constants of a few dozens of picoseconds. However, for these latter species, such experimental time constants are not due to photoinduced charge separation but are related to the excited-state equilibration times. Comparative analysis of time constants for charge recombination from the CS states based on proper thermodynamic and kinetic models highlighted that, in spite of their apparently affiliated structures, dyads 1-4 do not constitute a homologous series of compounds as far as intercomponent electron transfer processes are concerned.
Managing leakage for transient data (2002)

Much of on-chip storage is devoted to transient, often short-lived, data. Despite this, virtually all on-chip array structures use six-transistor (6T) static RAM cells that store data indefinitely. In this paper we propose the use of quasi-static four-transistor (4T) RAM cells. Quasi-static 4T cells provide both energy and area savings. These cells have no connection to Vdd and thus inherently provide decay functionality: values are refreshed upon access but discharge over time without use. This makes 4T cells uniquely well-suited for predictive structures like branch predictors and BTBs where data integrity is not essential. We use quantitative evaluations (both circuit-level and cycle-level) to explore the design space and quantify the opportunities. Overall, 4T-based branch predictors offer 12-33% area savings and 60-80% leakage savings with minimal performance impact. More broadly, this paper suggests a new view of how to support transient data in power-aware processors.
Impacting the teaching culture: Role of the department and the software tools (2017)

Establishing a culture of teaching excellence among faculty with limited prior instructional training raises both practical and philosophical challenges. This paper argues that the departmental unit plays a critical role in setting the conditions necessary for faculty engagement, and that multiple strategies can be coordinated to target change in the teaching norms. The paper introduces the Integrated Course Design andDocumentation (ICDD) project at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University. The ICDD project demonstrates several of our approaches to effecting change in individual behaviour towards studentcentered pedagogy. They include: (1) making the solution easy for the faculty; (2) making the solution a stand-alone resource that the faculty themselves can develop over time; (3) speaking the language of the faculty (relevance, contextualization); and (4) providing the social, organizational, and practical support for faculty to make the transition. Overall, we argue that any effort to create and sustain change must be multi-faceted, and must include: enabling the instructors as the key agents of change; promoting collaboration among faculty; lowering practical barriers to change by developing technical, administrative, and educational resources that are fit to the local context.
An ultraviolet gas-loaded free-electron laser (1989)

By loading the wiggler cavity of a free-electron laser (FEL) with hydrogen gas, it is possible to tune the FEL to below 130 nm, just above the electronic resonance of molecular hydrogen. The change in wavelength results from the refractive index of the gas, which alters the phase velocity of the wave and so modifies the synchronism condition. Using the parameters of the wiggler on the beamline of the Stanford Superconducting Accelerator, this FEL can be tuned from 500 to 130 nm with a pressure ranging from 0 to 55 torr. The calculated electronic gain varies between 5.6 and 11% over this wavelength interval, comparable to the gain in vacuum.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Crystallization Elution Fractionation. A New Separation Process for Polyolefin Resins (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: New crystallization procedures have been developed for the analysis of the chemical composition distribution in polyolefins by pumping a small flow of solvent during the crystallization cycle. One of the new techniques, crystallization elution fractionation (CEF) combines the separation power of TREF and CRYSTAF and has been shown to provide very fast analysis of the composition distribution.
Fault location technique for six phase transmission lines with unsynchronized phasors (1999)

Six-phase lines utilize right-of-way more efficiently than double circuit three-phase lines, and may be used to meet increasing power transmission demand. However, accurate relaying and fault location algorithms must be developed for six-phase lines. Since six-phase lines are not ideally transposed in the same manner as conventional three-phase lines, fault location using traditional symmetric component methods would result in errors for six-phase systems. Accurate fault location estimation for a six-phase line can be achieved using its impedance matrices, without assuming conductor transposition. The distance to the fault is calculated using the unsynchronized voltage and current phasors from both ends of a faulted line. The synchronization error is considered to be an additional unknown parameter. The fault location technique was tested on a simple transmission system. The distance calculation and the synchronization error estimate were both very accurate.
Static performance of an axisymmetric nozzle with post-exit vanes for multiaxis thrust vectoring (1988)

An investigation was conducted in the static test facility of the Langley 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel to determine the flow-turning capability and the nozzle internal performance of an axisymmetric convergent-divergent nozzle with post-exit vanes installed for multiaxis thrust vectoring. The effects of vane curvature, vane location relative to the nozzle exit, number of vanes, and vane deflection angle were determined. A comparison of the post-exit-vane thrust-vectoring concept with other thrust-vectoring concepts is provided. All tests were conducted with no external flow, and nozzle pressure ratio was varied from 1.6 to 6.0.
New Space Vector Modulated 3-Level 3-Phase Voltage-Source Soft-Switching Inverter with Two Active Resonant DC Link Snubbers (2003)

This paper presents a novel prototype of 3-level 3-phase voltage-fed soft switching commutation inverter with two Active Auxiliary Resonant DC Link (ARDCL) snubbers which can operate under a condition of Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) transition. Its operating principle is described herein. The feasible steady-state performances of the proposed soft switching commutated inverter using the latest IGBTs such as planner type and trench type IGBTs, which is more suitable for power systems applications, are evaluated and discussed on the basis of its experimental results and simulation ones.
Physiological Responses to Arm and Leg Exercise in Women Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (2007)

AbstractPatients affected by chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) characteristically show easy and unexplained fatigue after minimal exertion that does not resolve with rest and is associated with specific symptoms lasting for more than six months. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is a valid procedure for determining functional capacity in patients with CFS. We compare cardioventilatory adaptation to exercise between a group of eighty-five consecutive women patients affected by CFS and a group of fifteen healthy women extremely sedentary individuals, with the use of maximum incremental exercise testing on a cycle ergometer and arm ergometer, assessing possible differences. The majority of values achieved at peak exhaustive exercise were significantly lower in CFS patients than controls, including the percentage of maximum oxygen uptake in arm physical test (37.4±10.0% in CFS vs. 58.9± 15.8% in controls) and leg physical test (53.4±15.0% in CFS patients vs. 76.2 ± 18.0%in controls).In conclusion, the CFS group shows a lower work capacity in arm or leg exercise that would not be justified exclusively by their personal characteristics or deconditioning.Key Words: Chronic fatigue syndromemaximal oxygen uptakelactate
Design Criteria for Optimization of Fiber-Coupled Diode Longitudinally-Pumped Lasers Using Pump-Beam M2 Factor (2001)

For optimization of longitudinally-pumped solid-state lasers, a model which consider the pump-beam propagation described by its M2 factor is proposed. Analytical functions for the optimum focusing-position, the optimum pump spot-size, the minimum threshold pump power and the maximum overlap efficiency are given. A simple output to input power relation and previous formulae provides a straightforward procedure to design the optimum laser resonator, the coupling-optics and to evaluate the laser output power. A slope efficiency of 57% with a 53% optical-efficiency at maximum 8-W pump-power was obtained from a fiber-coupled longitudinally-pumped Nd:YAG medium. A very good agreement between experiments and theory was obtained.
False detection of chaotic behaviour in the stochastic compound k-distribution model of radar sea clutter (2002)

There is current debate in the radar community whether sea clutter is stochastic or chaotic. In this paper, a stochastic k-distributed surrogate is generated for a typical sea clutter data set. The k-distributed set was then analysed using the methods recently applied to sea clutter by Haykin et al. (Haykin and Li, Proc. IEEE, vol.83, pp.95-122, 1995; Haykin and Puthusserypady, Proc. IEE Radar, pp.75-9, 1997). The k-distributed set is shown to have DML (maximum likelihood estimation of the correlation dimension) and FNN (false nearest neighbours) values in the same range as reported by Haykin et al. (1995; 1997) and with positive and negative Lyapunov exponents. In addition, various white and correlated noise distributed sets are analysed in the same way and found to produce a similar artefact. It is concluded that these chaotic invariants cannot be used to distinguish between chaotic and stochastic time series and are redundant in an application, such as radar sea clutter, where the time series is unknown and could be of a stochastic nature.
Novel design of multicapillary arrays for high‐throughput DNA sequencing (2006)

A novel approach to design and optimize linear multicapillary arrays (LMCAs) for high-throughput DNA sequencing is proposed. A significant increase in the number of capillary lanes is obtained due to the use of composite insertions alternately placed between working capillaries of the array and a specific combination of refractive indices of the DNA separation matrix, capillary glass, the insertions and a medium which surrounds the capillary array. Theoretical and experimental studies showed that in conjunction with a dual-side laser illumination scheme, the proposed LMCA design allows a simultaneous uniform irradiation of as many as 550 working capillaries.
New Labdane Diterpenes from Leonurus cardiaca (2008)

Leonurus cardiaca L. has been used in traditional medicine against nervous and functional cardiac disorders since 15th century and described for producing sedative, hypotensive and cardiotonic pharmacological effects [1,2]. The plant has been reported to have furanic labdane diterpenes [3], Sterols [4], Iridoids [5] and Alkaloids [6] etc. The ethanolic extract of leaves of Leonurus cardiaca yielded three new labdane type diterpenes, 15-ethyl-leopersine C (1), 15-methyl-leopersine C (2) and 15-methyl-epi-leopersine C (3). The structures were determined using 1D- and 2D-NMR, IR, UV, HR-MS. The absolute stereochemistry of compounds 1 – 3 were assigned with the help of a ROESY experiment. Acknowledgements: This work was supported in part by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Specific Cooperative Agreement No 58-6408-2-0009 and Grant Number P20RR021929 from the National Center For Research Resources. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Center for Research Resources or the National Institutes of Health. References: [1] British Herbal Pharmacopoeia Compendium. (1990) BHMA Megaron Press, Bournemouth 1: 161. [2] Russian Pharmacopoeia. (1968) Gosudarstwiennaja Farmakopea SSSR (X), Moskwa M, p.347–348. [3] Knoess W, Zapp J (1998) Planta Medica, 64: 357–361. [4] Senatore F, et al. (1991), Herba Polonica, 37: 3–7. [5] Guisso M, et al. (1974), Gazzetta Chimica Italiana, 104: 25–33. [6] Gulubov AZ, Chervenkova VB (1970) Biologiya, 8: 129–132.
Calculation of the Color Matching Functions of Digital Cameras from Their Complete Spectral Sensitivities (2002)

We propose a new algorithm to obtain the color matching functions of any digital camera, with correct weights and white balance, from the relative scaling of their complete (3-D) spectral sensitivities obtained from real spectroradiometric data. Thanks to this algorithm, it is possible to predict the RGB digital levels of any digital camera in realistic illumination-scene environments—spatially non-uniform illumination field, variable chromaticity and large dynamic range of luminance levels—opening the possibility of transforming any digital camera into a tele-colorimeter. The illumination-scene test was the Macbeth Color-Checker Chart under three different light sources (halogen, metal halide and daylight fluorescent lamps), provided by a non-standard light box. The results confirmed that it is possible to predict any RGB digital levels exclusively by varying the f-number of the camera zoom lens.
Anm: a geometrical model for the composite structure of mortar and concrete using real-shape particles (2014)

Abstract The composite geometrical structure of mortar composites can be represented by a model consisting of sand embedded in a cement paste matrix and the structure of concrete by gravel embedded in a mortar matrix. Traditionally, spheres have often been used to represent aggregates (sand and gravel), although the accuracy of properties computed for structures using spherical aggregates as inclusions can be limited when the property contrast between aggregate and matrix is large. In this paper, a new geometrical model is described, which can simulate the composite structures of mortar and concrete with real-shape aggregates. The aggregate shapes are either directly or statistically taken from real particles, using a spherical harmonic expansion, where a set of spherical harmonic coefficients, a nm , is used to describe the irregular shape. The model name of Anm is taken from this choice of notation. The take-and-place parking method is employed to put multiple irregular particles together within a pre-determined empty container, which becomes a representative volume element. This representative volume element can then be used as input into some kind of computational material model, which uses other numerical techniques such as finite elements to compute properties of the Anm composite structure.
Improving Surgical Wound Healing with Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor after Radiation (2005)

Objectives/Hypothesis: Delayed wound healing in surgical patients who have received previous irradiation continues to be a significant problem. We investigated whether radiation decreases basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) production in skin and whether supplemental bFGF can improve irradiated postsurgical soft tissue healing. Study Design: Experimental study in the porcine skin flap model. Methods: Pigs were subjected to orthovoltage radiation (1,300 cGy). To test whether radiation alters bFGF production in skin, semiquantitation of bFGF message was compared in irradiated and nonirradiated skin by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To determine whether supplemental bFGF can improve postsurgical soft tissue healing after radiation, bFGF was given intravenously or intracuticularly preoperatively. To investigate whether additional oxygen tissue levels would modify the effects of supplemental bFGF, one test group received hyperbaric oxygen. Six weeks later, 108 skin flaps (random and arterial) were created in 27 pigs and monitored over 2 weeks. Tissues were analyzed for flap viability, vascularity, endothelial cell apoptosis by caspase-3 activation, and histologic analysis. Results: Radiation statistically increased endothelial cell apoptosis in porcine skin by 650%. Radiation also significantly reduced bFGF message by 75% in porcine skin by RT-PCR analysis. Supplemental intravenous bFGF in irradiated tissue significantly increased skin flap viability by 25% compared with controls (P < .001). Intravenous bFGF also significantly reduced gastrointestinal side effects from irradiation by 50% compared with controls. BFGF treatment induced a trend to decrease endothelial cell apoptosis in irradiated skin, but this was not statistically significant. Histologically, the intravenous bFGF-treated flaps had similar cellularity, fibroblasts, and extracellular acid mucopolysaccharides as controls. When bFGF was administered by intracuticular injection with and without hyperbaric oxygen, skin flap survival and flap vascularity were similar to controls. Conclusions: Decreased local levels of bFGF in skin may play an important role in the delayed healing of irradiated wounds. Radiation appears to decrease bFGF production by significantly reducing bFGF message in irradiated tissue. Supplemental intravenous bFGF reduced irradiated soft tissue injury and improved random skin flap viability in this porcine model. More studies are needed to investigate the effects of bFGF in the surgical healing of irradiated wounds.
Vascular compartmentalization of plasma norepinephrine in normal man: the relationships between venous and arterial norepinephrine concentration and the urinary excretion of norepinephrine. (1979)

To examine whether the concentration of NE in human plasma is dependent on the vascular source of the sample and to examine the contribution of the kidney to urinary NE, 14 normal men were studied. Plasma samples were obtained from a superficial forearm vein, and radial artery and urine samples were obtained during 1 hr of recumbency and 1 hr of upright posture. The Vne was greater than Ane during both recumbency and upright posture in black males. Such differences were not seen in age-matched white subjects. Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system by upright posture increased both Vne and Ane in all subjects. NE concentrations in simultaneously obtained arterial and venous samples were different during the time of cardiovascular adjustments to upright posture. The urinary Xne increased after standing. Endogenous CCr decreased, whereas apparent NE clearance, calculated from the Ane, increased after standing, suggesting that a major portion of the augmented urinary Xne induced by upright posture was from an intrarenal source. We conclude that the concentration of NE in human blood is related to the specific vascular bed from which the sample is obtained, and that urinary NE is not solely derived from plasma by glomerular filtration but also arises from an unidentified renal source.
Plate 468. Rhizanthella Gardneri (2003)

Since the almost simultaneous discovery of two underground orchids in Australia, the western Rhizanthella gardneri R.S. Rogers and the eastern Rhizanthella slateri Rupp in 1928 and 1931, botanists have pondered the relationship between these elusive and enigmatic species. Here the biological and ecological relationships of the western underground orchid are discussed and new research to uncover the mysterious life histories of these unique Australian plants is described.
947. The alkaloids of the amaryllidaceae. Part IV. The alkaloids of brunsvigia cooperi baker (1958)

L. J. Dry, M. Poynton, M. E. Thompson and F. L. Warren, J. Chem. Soc., 1958, 4701 DOI: 10.1039/JR9580004701
Micronuclear and Macronuclear Sequences of a <i>Euplotes crassus</i> Gene Encoding a Putative Nuclear Protein Kinase (1996)

The sequences of a 1.8-kbp macronuclear DNA molecule (V3), and the majority of its micronuclear counterpart, are reported. The macronuclear V3 DNA molecule contains an open reading frame that is interrupted by a single intron, while the micronuclear copy is interrupted by four internal eliminated sequences, one of which is located within the intron. The predicted protein product of the macronuclear V3 gene is a 471-amino acid polypeptide that is very similar to a group of protein-serine/threonine kinases from both plant and animal species, some of whose members appear to be involved in cell cycle or growth control.