gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Chemisorption on Si: A New Type of Chemisorptive Bond (1977)

Theoretical studies of the bonding of atomic H to the Si(100) surface indicates that a strong but unconventional covalent bond can be formed between the H and a Si atom in the second layer whose conventional tetrahedral bonds are already saturated.
Usefulness of Seminested Multiplex PCR in Surveillance of Imported Malaria in Spain (1999)

The use of a new PCR-based method for the diagnosis of malaria in the Spanish Malaria Reference Laboratory has promoted an increase in confirmed cases of malaria. From August 1997 to July 1998, a total of 192 whole-blood samples and 71 serum samples from 168 patients were received from the hospitals of the Spanish National Health System. Most of the patients came from west-central African countries (85%). This molecular method showed more sensitivity and specificity than microscopy, detecting 12.4% more positive samples than microscopy and 13% of mixed infections undetectable by Giemsa stain. Plasmodium falciparum was the main species detected, with 68% of the total positive malaria cases, followed by Plasmodium malariae (29%), Plasmodium vivax (14%), and Plasmodium ovale (7%), including mixed infections in all cases. This report consists of the first wide, centralized survey of malaria surveillance in Spain. The reference laboratory conducted the analysis of all imported cases in order to detect trends in acquisition. The use of a seminested multiplex PCR permitted confirmation of the origins of the infections and the Plasmodium species involved and confirmation of the effectiveness of drug treatments. This PCR also allowed the detection of the presence in Spain of primaquine-tolerant P. vivax strains from west-central Africa, as well as the detection of a P. falciparum infection induced by transfusion.
Synthesis and Structure Determination of Large‐Pore Zeolite SCM‐14 (2017)

SCM-14 (Sinopec Composite Material No. 14), a new stable germanosilicate zeolite with a 12×8×8-ring channel system, was synthesized using commercially available 4-pyrrolidinopyridine as organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs) in fluoride medium. The framework structure of SCM-14 was determined using rotation electron diffraction (RED), and refined against synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (SXPD) data for both as-made and calcined materials. The framework structure of SCM-14 is closely related to that of three known zeolites: mordenite (MOR), GUS-1 (GON), and IM-16 (UOS). SCM-14 has the same projection as that of mordenite and GUS-1 when viewed along the 12-ring channels, and possesses two more straight 8-ring channels running perpendicular to the 12-ring channels. The structure of SCM-14 can be constructed by either the same layers as that of GUS-1 or the same columns as that of IM-16. Based on their structural relationship, three topologically reasonable hypothetical zeolites were predicted.
SM88 in non-metastatic rising PSA-recurrent prostate cancer. (2017)

e16567 Background: SM88 is a novel combination of substituted amino acid ( AA) and repurposed agents with non-toxic activity in a variety of cancers including prostate (PC). Non-metastatic biochemically recurrent PC (nmPC) is ideal for such a well-tolerated, non-androgen based treatment. We present biomarker activity including CTCs (circulating tumor cells) after completion of the Ib dose escalating pharmacokinetic portion of the SM88 development plan. Methods: Planned analysis of an ongoing prospective Phase Ib/II open label study of nmPC (PCWG3 definition). Subject 1 received the 1 st dose level of AA, and others received 2x dose. All subjects also received a combination of low dose re-purposed CYP3a4 inducer, oxidative stress catalyst, and mTOR inhibitor. Results: Four subjects completed at least 1 cycle (28d) with all PK sampling as prespecified. Median age was 73(70-80); all had prior ADT that was discontinued 3-6 yrs earlier, and either had curative intent prostatectomy (n = 2) or RT (n = 2); Testosterone level was castrate in one after prior RT. CTCs fell (p < 0.01) to undetectable (n = 1) or by > 25% (n = 3) (see table) while PSA remained stable (PCWG3 criteria). Preliminary LDH, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N:L), urinary NTx, bone specific AlkPhos (bAP) trends are in the table below. There were no drug related serious adverse events (2 grade: 1- pigmentation, 1- vasomotor). EORTC-QLQ30 and PR25 scores were either improved or stable. Conclusions: Treatment with SM88 in patients with nmPC in the completed phase Ib cohort was associated with CTC reduction, and stable biomarker trends including PSA and LDH. There was no significant toxicity or adverse patient reported outcomes. Based on these results, the dose escalation was stopped at the second level and a cohort expansion phase II initiated. A phase III RCT is planned for confirmation of these results. Clinical trial information: NCT02796898. [Table: see text]
A new filter structure for the implementation of certain classes of image processing operations (1988)

A filter structure is proposed and used to implement nonlinear filters for image processing. The structure is very general and encompasses various classes of nonlinear filters (median filters, order statistic filters, nonlinear statistic filters, homomorphic filters, morphologic filters) and edge detectors (range edge detectors, dispersion edge detectors). It is also used to implement pattern recognition algorithms. The computational complexity of the filter structure is studied, and a VLSI implementation is proposed. >
Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Vitamin K (2017)

Naphthoquinone compounds have received attention for their ability to regulate diseases from bacterial and parasite infections through to chronic human diseases. Inflammation is widely considered to be at the root of many chronic diseases. The reports of anti-inflammatory activity of naphthoquinones, including vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and vitamin K2s (menaquinones), are of interest due to their very low toxicity. Most of the evidence for the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of vitamin K suggests a role in the inhibition of the cell signalling complex nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB).
The Neuroleptic Treatment of Schizophrenia: Dosing Strategies, Depot Preparations and Novel Medications (1996)

Significant progress has been made over the past decade in the use of antipsychotic medication. An improved understanding of neuroleptic side effects has led to the development of new clinical strategies for dosing traditional medications. Traditional medications have become widely used in depot preparations. Risperidone, a new medication with an improved side effect profile, has recently become available. Clozapine, a novel medication, has entered widespread use. The use of these new clinical technologies is briefly discussed, along with the implications they have for the role of the psychiatrist in community mental health settings.
Blog enabled peer-to-peer learning. (2011)

Students used the Internet to identify issues and problem solving scenarios. Blogs were a good tool to engage students in discussions on oral health issues and peer-to-peer learning. Qualitative discourse analysis revealed evidence of critical thought and discourse throughout blog posts. Students referenced the Internet in blogs, while specific instances of resource sharing and provision of solutions to peers were less common. Students felt blogging encouraged them to engage with one another. Twenty percent of participating students have extended their use of blogging for both academic and personal purposes.
Survival and ultrastructural changes of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> after phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes (1993)

Few studies have been carried out on the phagocytosis and killing of Helicobacter pylori by both polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and monocytes. In this study, H. pylori was incubated for up to 60 min either alone or with phagocytes in the presence or absence of human serum. Both non-immune serum and immune serum were used. Reduction in the number of H. pylori, which corresponds to the killing of H. pylori, was analysed by a colony count and ultrastructural changes were studied by electron microscopy. No reduction in the number of H. pylori was found when the bacteria were incubated alone or with phagocytes in the absence of serum. It is remarkable that unopsonized H. pylori was phagocytosed. When immune serum was added to the suspensions of bacteria and phagocytes, the killing rate of H. pylori was found to depend on the ratio of H. pylori to phagocytes. Thus an excess of monocytes reduced the number of H. pylori, whereas an excess of PMNs resulted in complete killing of H. pylori. On incubation with PMNs and serum, ultrastructural changes were observed in the majority of the bacteria whether they were phagocytosed or not. Controls without serum did not show any changes in the morphology of H. pylori, indicating that components in the serum play an important role in the phagocytosis and killing of H. pylori. In contrast, several of the phagocytosed bacteria were found to be unaffected after incubation with monocytes and serum. Such preparations often contained large aggregates of platelets surrounding unaffected H. pylori. In the gastric mucosa, H. pylori is often found in excess as compared to the phagocytes. If these results can be compared to the situation in vivo, the phagocytes seem to be ineffective in the killing of H. pylori, and other immune mechanisms may therefore be of importance for the elimination of H. pylori from the gastric epithelium. The possible intracellular survival of H. pylori should be taken into account when treatment regimes for H. pylori infections are chosen.
Discolouration of glass-ionomer cement at different fluoride concentration levels. (2014)

Discolouration of GIC was associated with concentration and frequency of APF gel application in extracted natural human teeth in vitro. Increasing discolouration rates were related to increased fluoride concentration and increasing acidity of APF gel. Further investigation is indicated.
The Impact of Online Recommendations and Consumer Feedback on Sales (2004)

Quality uncertainty and high search costs for identifying relevant information from an ocean of information may prevent customers from making purchases. Recognizing potential negative impacts of this search cost for quality information and relevant information, firms began to invest in creating a virtual community that enables consumers to share their opinions and experiences to reduce quality uncertainty, and in developing recom- mendation systems that help customers identify goods in which they might have an interest. However, not much is known regarding the effectiveness of these efforts. In this paper, we empirically investigate the impacts of recommendations and consumer feedbacks on sales based on data gathered from Amazon.com. Our results indicate that more recommendations indeed improve sales at Amazon.com; however, consumer ratings are not found to be related to sales. On the other hand, number of consumer reviews is positively associated with sales. We also find that recommendations work better for less-popular books than for more-popular books. This is consistent with the search cost argument: a consumerâs search cost for less-popular books may be higher, and thus they may rely more on recommendations to locate a product of interest.
Deep Velocity Profiling Using Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers: Bottom Track and Inverse Solutions* (2002)

Lowered acoustic Doppler current profilers (LADCPs) have matured from an experimental instrument to an operational hydrographic tool to study ocean dynamics. The data processing, however, is still in a rather primitive state. First, a method to estimate bottom-track velocities using the standard water profile data was developed. Then inverse solutions are presented that enhance the standard data processing by adding external constraints such as bottom-referenced velocity profiles. Depending on the depth of the profile and the ADCP range the inclusion of bottom-track data can reduce the local velocity errors by a significant factor. The least squares framework also allows for simplified error analysis of the LADCP system and some of the trade-offs are discussed.
MIMO Radar with Colocated Antennas: Theoretical Investigation, Simulations and Development of an Experimental Platform (2014)

A Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar is a system employing multiple transmitters and receivers in which the waveforms to be transmitted can be totally independent. Compared to standard phased-array radar systems, MIMO radars offer more degrees of freedom which leads to improved angular resolution and parameter identifiability, and provides more flexibility for transmit beampattern design. The main issues of interest in the context of MIMO radar are the estimation of several target parameters (which include range, Doppler, and Direction-of-Arrival (DOA), among others). Since the information on the targets is obtained from the echoes of the transmitted signals, it is straightforward that the design of the waveforms plays an important role in the system accuracy. This document addresses the investigation of DOA estimation of non-moving targets and waveform design techniques for MIMO radar with colocated antennas. Although narrowband MIMO radars have been deeply studied in the literature, the existing DOA estimation techniques have been usually proposed and analyzed from a theoretical point of view, often assuming ideal conditions. This thesis analyzes existing signal processing algorithms and proposes new ones in order to improve the DOA estimation performance in the case of narrowband and wideband signals. The proposed techniques are studied under ideal and non-ideal conditions considering punctual targets. Additionally, we study the influence of mutual coupling on the performance of the proposed techniques and we establish a more realistic signal model which takes this phenomenon into account. We then show how to improve the DOA estimation performance in the presence of distorted radiation patterns and we propose a crosstalk reduction technique, which makes possible an efficient estimation of the target DOAs. Finally, we present an experimental platform for MIMO radar with colocated antennas which has been developed in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed techniques under more realistic conditions. The proposed platform, which employs only one transmitter and one receiver architectures, relies on the superposition principle to simulate a real MIMO system
Lacome: a cross-platform multi-user collaboration system for a shared large display (2008)

Lacome is a multi-user cross-platform system that supports collaboration in a shared large screen display environment. Lacome allows users to share their desktops or application windows using any standard VNC server. It supports multi-user concurrent interaction on the public shared display as well as input redirection so users can control each other's applications. La-come supports separate types of interaction through a Lacome client for window management tasks on the shared display(move, resize, iconify, de-iconify) and for application interactions through the VNC servers. The system architecture provides for Publishers that share information and Navigators that access information. A Lacome client can have either or both, and can initiate additional Publishers on other VNC servers that may not be Lacome clients. Explicit access control policies on both the server side the client side provide a flexible framework for sharing. The architecture builds on standard cross-platform components such as VNC and JRE. Interaction techniques used in the window manager ensure simple and transparent multi-user interactions for managing the shared display space. We illustrate the design and implementation of Lacome and provide insights from initial user experience with the system.
Leakage power minimization for the synthesis of parallel multiplier circuits (2004)

This paper presents a new approach to the synthesis of parallel multiplier circuits with an objective of minimizing leakage power consumption under circuit timing constraint. Our leakage power optimization is based on the use of dual-threshold voltage (Vt) technology. From experiments using a set of benchmark designs, it is shown that the approach is quite effective.
Skill Acquisition Through Program-Level Imitation in a Real-Time Domain (2007)

This paper presents an imitation learning system capable of learning tasks in a complex dynamic real-time environment. In this paper, we argue that social learning should be thought of as a special case of general skill learning, and that the biases it presents to the skill learning problem radically simplify learning for species with sufficient innate predisposition to harness this power. We decompose skill learning into four subproblems, then show how a modification of Roy's CELL system can address all these problems simultaneously. Our system is demonstrated working in the domain of a real-time virtual-reality game, Unreal Tournament.
Streaming stored continuous media over fair-share bandwidth (2000)

We investigate the impact of the long-term behavior of fair-share bandwidth on transmission schemes for streaming stored Continuous Media (CM). To obtain typical fair-share bandwidth conditions, we perform a series of Internet experiments in which we monitor TCP bulk-data transfers between various sites, and collect average TCP throughput traces. The collected traces exhibit highvariability over a broad range of time scales as well as self-similar scaling behavior over longer time scales. Under fair-share bandwidth conditions, we evaluate the performance of a series of data transmission schemes for non-layered CM, and of several bandwidth allocation schemes for streaming layered CM. Our findings demonstrate that prefetching during playback over intervals of several minutes is necessary for achieving best quality. For layered CM encoded into two layers, we propose a threshold-based inter-layer bandwidth allocation scheme, and a measurement-based heuristic for dynamically computing the threshold. Our empirical results show that, using conservative estimates for future average bandwidth, our heuristic is highly reliable. I.
Highly unsaturated fatty acid synthesis in vertebrates: New insights with the cloning and characterization of a Δ6 desaturase of Atlantic salmon (2005)

Fish are an important source of the n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids that are crucial to the health of higher vertebrates. The synthesis of HUFA involves enzyme-mediated desaturation, and a delta5 fatty acyl desaturase cDNA has been cloned from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and functionally characterized previously. Here we report cloning and functional characterization of a delta6 fatty acyl desaturase of Atlantic salmon and describe its genomic structure, tissue expression, and nutritional regulation. A salmon genomic library was screened with a salmon delta5 desaturase cDNA and positive recombinant phage isolated and subcloned. The full-length cDNA for the putative fatty acyl desaturase was shown to comprise 2106 bp containing an open reading frame of 1365 bp specifying a protein of 454 amino acids (GenBank accession no. AY458652). The protein sequence included three histidine boxes, two transmembrane regions, and an N-terminal cytochrome b5 domain containing the heme-binding motif HPGG, all of which are characteristic of microsomal fatty acid desaturases. Functional expression showed that this gene possessed predominantly delta6 desaturase activity. Screening and sequence analysis of the genomic DNA of a single fish revealed that the delta6 desaturase gene constituted 13 exons in 7965 bp of genomic DNA. Quantitative real-time PCR assay of gene expression in Atlantic salmon showed that both delta6 and delta5 fatty acyl desaturase genes, and a fatty acyl elongase gene, were highly expressed in intestine, liver, and brain, and less so in kidney, heart, gill, adipose tissue, muscle, and spleen. Furthermore, expression of both delta6 and delta5 fatty acyl desaturase genes in intestine, liver, red muscle, and adipose tissue was higher in salmon fed a diet containing vegetable oil than in fish fed a diet containing fish oil.
Establishing Sound Chemicals Management A Prerequisite for Achieving the Millennium Development Goals (2010)

Modern society could not maintain its current standard of living without chemicals; however, sound chemicals management is necessary to prevent harm to human health and the environment. The United Nations Environment Programme – along with governments, relevant intergovernmental groups, nongovernmental organizations, and other stakeholders – has begun the process of establishing a Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management (“SAICM”). The importance of this process is far-reaching, demonstrated by the fact that hazardous chemicals hinder the achievement of development targets, such as the Millennium Development Goals (“MDGs”).
January Chore (1994)

where I can look at them often enough to make sure that I remember what God doesn't want me to forget. Return to Gregory Bald, June 1994 This time there is no indecision about where to pitch the tent. The only marker I need is right in front of me—a dead but still erect oak tree, split from top to bottom from a bolt of lightning four years earlier. It has been raining all day and everything is drenched. The azaleas are at their peak, but because of the perpetual rain and wind, impossible to capture on film. This missed photo opportunity is only a minor set-back; after all I didn't return just to shoot a few rolls of Fujichrome. I came to relive the experience, to freshen my memories and to recharge my batteries for whatever lies ahead. The sun is setting and the rain is beginning to pound the tent with relentless force, so I think I'll climb into my tattered tent, slip into my neatly patched sleeping bag, light a candle and finish reading II Corinthians. January Chore I get the steel-tined rake, in numbing cold, out from the garage, being of a mind to sweep up the decayed October mold of dead leaves scattered by the gypsy wind. I scrape the rake along the ground and heap brown leaves into a neat stack of my own. The pile looks like a bear in winter sleep, a huddled mass beneath the tree alone. Chore done, I pause, admire my tidy hill, as winds arrive and softly start to take each raked-up piece and lift and scatter till my lawn again becomes a leafy lake. And thus does heartless Nature disregard my plea for law and order in my yard. —Paula Wells 29 ...
Reductions with Raney alloy in alkaline solution (1966)

Improved yields of primary amines have been obtained by the reduction of nitriles and oximes with Raney alloy. Oximes can also be reduced with Raney nickel and sodium hypophosphite. Treatment of ketoximes with Raney nickel yields the ketones.
Lymphocyte activation. I. Expression of theta, H-2 and immunoglobulin determinants on lymphocytes stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A or histocompatibility antigen. (1972)

Mouse lymphocytes were cultured with phytohaemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, Concanavalin A or allogeneic cells. The expression of theta, H-2 and Ig determinants on the blasts and surviving lymphocytes was assessed by indirect autoradiography using unlabelled mouse antisera and iodinated rabbit anti-mouse light chain. The great majority of the responding cells carried the θ-antigen (82–100%) and few carried Ig determinants (0–12%). There was no difference in the concentration of antiserum required to demonstrate H-2 or θ on fresh lymphocytes, cultured lymphocytes or PHA-induced blasts. In mixed leucocyte cultures between parental and F1 cells most of the blasts were derived from the parent (90%) whereas in cultures of two parental strains both strains contributed equally to the response. These data support the view that thymus-derived cells predominate in the response to non-specific mitogens and histocompatibility antigen, and that parental/F1 cultures exhibit a unidirectional response.