gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Short-term rapid right atrial pacing induces left atrial mechanical and anatomical remodeling in a canine model (2010)

为负责的客观位于 atrial tachyarrhythmias 的 cardioversion 下面机制电、机械在中庭以后改变可能是类似的，但是他们仍然不完全地被理解，并且在短期的快速的 atrial 激活是这改变的基础以后，在 atrial 心肌层的变化是否组织，是未知的。我们试图调查机械功能和 atrial ultrastructural 在短期的快速的 atrial 激活，和可能的关系在之间前后改变的 atrial 以免可收缩、解剖的 atrial 改变。十七条 anesthetized 杂种狗被划分成的方法试验性(n=12 ) 并且控制(n=5 ) 组。试验性的组在正确 atrial 附器经历了一根 transvenous 皮带的插入并且在 450bpm 踱步的 atrial 5 小时。有效倔强的时期(ERP ) 和 P 波浪持续时间在 5 小时的踱步前后被测量。左 atrial 波形的声学的 quantification (AQ ) 在 5 小时的踱步前后被记录。所有大小在湾穴节奏被做。狗被打死，在左 atrial trabeculae 和附器的心肌层被光和电子显微镜学检验。控制狗没经历踱步，但是考试在试验性的组的相应于那的时间被执行。尽管有在在在试验性的组，踱步的 5 小时的快速的 atrial 以后的心率和左室的压力的变化的缺席的结果离开了水库和水管功能没改变的 atrial，而增加的 atrial 尺寸和 atrial 增强软件功能减少了。标记变化在细胞的基础被看见，例如在 mitochondrial 形状和尺寸的 myofibrils，肝糖的累积，和变化的损失。没有变化在控制组被发现。结论短期的快速的 atrial 激活能引起改变的 electrophysi-ological 和可收缩、解剖的左 atrial 改变，并且解剖改变可以贡献电、可收缩的 atrial 的发展改变。
Evaluating mixed-signal simulators (2002)

This paper describes various issues related to modes of failure in mixed-signal simulation and identifies how various benchmark circuits can be used to evaluate the implementation of various simulators. This paper serves as a companion paper to the CICC-94 paper which presented a set of mixed-mode benchmark circuits. Important aspects of the analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog interfaces are discussed along with mixed-signal circuit partitioning, analog-digital time synchronization, and digital modeling. This is followed by a survey of implementation techniques in various commercial and university mixed-signal simulators.
Hot spot investigations on PV modules-new concepts for a test standard and consequences for module design with respect to bypass diodes (2002)

Solar cell manufacturers should provide information to module manufacturers about the operation of their cells under reverse biased conditions. The inhomogeneous behaviour of cells under reverse biased conditions needs further investigation. In particular, cell damage during manufacture should be evaluated. To guarantee resistance of the module design to thermal overload due to partial shading, the number of cells in a sub-string should be limited to 20. The hot-spot test procedure of IEC 1215 should be generalised for all types of cell interconnection circuits. The selection of the worst case cell should be improved by measurement of the module current at the characteristic break point of the I-V characteristic.
Cultivation of single crystal for X-ray diffraction test (2006)

Summarized some cultivation processes of single crystal including interface,steam and gelatin three of diffusion processes were used in X-ray diffraction test.Elaborated all sorts of ways enhances success ratio of cultivation of single crystal.Expounded a series of questions had to be paid highly attention in cultivation processes of single crystal.
Runtime Support of Speculative Optimization for Offline Escape Analysis (2007)

Escape analysis can improve the speed and memory efficiency of garbage collected languages by allocating objects to the call stack, but an offline analysis will potentially interfere with dynamic class loading and an online analysis must sacrifice precision for speed. We describe a technique that permits the safe use of aggressive, speculative offline escape analysis in programs potentially loading classes that violate the analysis results.
Foam Application in an Oil Sands Steamflood Process (1989)

Abstract This paper outlines a foam field test presently being conducted in the McMurray formation of the Athabasca Oil Sands in Alberta. The test objective is to determine the viability of using foam as a mobility control and diverting agent for steam; which has a tendency to override the pay zone. Prior to initiating the test various surfactants were tested in the laboratory by injecting with steam into a sand pack. The steam-surfactant mixture that resulted in the greatest pressure increase (ie. the greatest reduction in the gas mobility) was selected for the field test. Laboratory results also indicated that the simultaneous injection of surfactant, steam and a non-condensible gas provided a higher pressure increase compared to batching the surfactant ahead of the steam and gas. The early results from the field qualitatively substantiate the laboratory pressure results. Numerical modelling using Computer Modelling Group's "Steam and Additive Reservoir Simulator" (STARS) was used as a pre-test directional tool, as well to analyze and predict long term steam-foam application performance. Reservoir geology which has been of major consequence in the subject reservoir recovery process was accounted for in the numerical model.
Effect of dextran molecular weight on protein stabilization during freeze-drying and storage. (2002)

The effect of dextran molecular weight on structural stability of freeze-dried products and protein stability in amorphous matrices was investigated during storage at elevated temperatures. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) was freeze-dried in 10% (w/v) dextrans of five molecular weights (12 kD, 42 kD, 71 kD, 512 kD and 2000 kD) to residual water content of 0.027 ( 0.004 g/g dry mass. The molecular weight of dextrans affected the glass transition temperature (Tg) of freeze-dried products and the recovery of enzyme activity after freeze-drying. As the molecular weight of dextrans increased from 12 kD to 2000 kD, the Tg increased from 100 degrees C to 120 degrees C, whereas the recovery of protein activity decreased from 85 +/- 4 % to 70 +/- 5%. The inactivation of freeze-dried protein during storage followed a bi-phasic first-order kinetics. The stability of amorphous matrices and protein increased significantly as the molecular weight increased from 12 kD to 512 kD. However, at a higher molecular weight (2000 kD), the stability was reduced. In a separate experiment, the stability of dried dextran/protein samples was studied during heating from 30 degrees C to 99 degrees C at 0.2 degrees C/min and subsequent incubation at 99 degrees C. Dextran with an average molecular weight of 512 kD was again found to provide the best protection. Mechanisms that cause the differences in protein stability among different molecular weight dextrans remain unclear.
An Iterative Thresholding Algorithm for Image Segmentation (1987)

A thresholding technique is developed for segmenting digital images with bimodal reflectance distributions under nonuniform illumination. The algorithm works in a raster format, thus making it an attractive segmentation tool in situations requiring fast data throughput. The theoretical base of the algorithm is a recursive Taylor expansion of a continuously varying threshold tracking function.
Evaluation of a new cytotoxicity assay for Clostridium perfringens type D epsilon toxin (1994)

A new cytotoxicity assay for determining the activity of epsilon toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens type D has been developed. Viability of cultured cells was determined by the ability of only live cells to convert 5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl)-3-(4-sulfophenyl)tetrazolium to the coloured product formazan in the presence of phenazine methosulfate. Of the 12 cell lines tested, only the MDCK cell line was susceptible to epsilon toxin. Specificity was confirmed by the ability of only specific monoclonal antibodies to inhibit cytotoxicity. Good correlation was obtained with the mouse lethality assay (r = 0.991) and over a wide range of viability (15–75%) as determined by ethidium bromide/acridine orange staining (r = 0.995).
MTORC1 functions as a transcriptional regulator of autophagy by preventing nuclear transport of TFEB (2012)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR) protein kinase complex is a key component of a pathway that regulates cell growth and proliferation in response to energy levels, hypoxia, nutrients and insulin. Inhibition of MTORC1 strongly induces autophagy by regulating the activity of the ULK protein kinase complex that is required for the formation of autophagosomes. However, the participation of MTORC1 in the expression of autophagy genes has not been characterized. Here we show that MTORC1 regulates nuclear localization and activity of the transcription factor EB (TFEB), a member of the bHLH leucine-zipper family of transcription factors that drives expression of autophagy and lysosomal genes. Under normal nutrient conditions, TFEB is phosphorylated in Ser211 in an MTORC1-dependent manner. This phosphorylation promotes association of TFEB with members of the YWHA (14-3-3) family of proteins and retention of the transcription factor in the cytosol. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of MTORC1 causes dissociation of the TFEB/YWHA complex and rapid transport of TFEB to the nucleus where it increases transcription of multiple genes implicated in autophagy and lysosomal function. Active TFEB also associates with late endosomal/lysosomal membranes through interaction with the LAMTOR/RRAG/MTORC1 complex. Our results unveil a novel role for MTORC1 in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by regulating autophagy at the transcriptional level.
Does EMG (dry needling) reduce myofascial pain symptoms due to cervical nerve root irritation? (1997)

EMG at tender points on myofascial bands tends to improve symptoms. Needling these points elicits motor endplate activity and twitches, and induces more relief than when needling random points.
Preparation of h-MoO3 and α-MoO3 nanocrystals: comparative study on photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation (2013)

A detailed study on visible light photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) has been investigated in aqueous heterogeneous media containing hexagonal phase molybdenum oxide (h-MoO3) nanocrystals (NCs) which was identified as a new material for visible light driven photocatalysis. A simple and template-free solution based chemical precipitation method was employed to synthesize h-MoO3 NCs by reacting ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate (AHM) with nitric acid. The formation and growth mechanism of h-MoO3 microstructures was explained. In addition, by annealing the h-MoO3 sample, the phase stability of hexagonal was retained up to 410 °C and showed an irreversible phase transition from hexagonal (h-MoO3) to highly stable orthorhombic phase (α-MoO3). Finally, the photocatalytic activities of h-MoO3 and α-MoO3 samples were evaluated using the degradation of MB, representing an organic pollutant of dye wastewater. The effects of various experimental parameters such as catalyst loading, initial dye concentration, light intensity, and operating temperature were analyzed for the degradation of MB. The results demonstrated that the efficiency of visible light assisted MB degradation using h-MoO3 NCs can be effectively enhanced by catalyst loading, light intensity, and operating temperature. However, the efficiency declined with the increase in initial dye concentration. Optimum conditions for higher photocatalytic performance were recognized as a catalyst loading of 100 mg L(-1), a dye concentration of 12 mg L(-1), a light intensity of 350 mW cm(-2), and an operating temperature of 45 °C.
The Bootstrap and Edgeworth Expansion. (1993)

1: Principles of Bootstrap Methodology.- 2: Principles of Edgeworth Expansion.- 3: An Edgeworth View of the Bootstrap.- 4: Bootstrap Curve Estimation.- 5: Details of Mathematical Rigour.- Appendix I: Number and Sizes of Atoms of Nonparametric Bootstrap Distribution.- Appendix II: Monte Carlo Simulation.- II.1 Introduction.- II.2 Uniform Resampling.- II.3 Linear Approximation.- II.4 Centring Method.- II.5 Balanced Resampling.- II.6 Antithetic Resampling.- II.7 Importance Resampling.- II.7.1 Introduction.- II.7.2 Concept of Importance Resampling.- II.7.3 Importance Resampling for Approximating Bias, Variance, Skewness, etc..- II.7.4 Importance Resampling for a Distribution Function.- II.8 Quantile Estimation.- Appendix III: Confidence Pictures.- Appendix IV: A Non-Standard Example: Quantite Error Estimation.- IV. 1 Introduction.- IV.2 Definition of the Mean Squared Error Estimate.- IV.3 Convergence Rate of the Mean Squared Error Estimate.- IV.4 Edgeworth Expansions for the Studentized Bootstrap Quantile Estimate.- Appendix V: A Non-Edgeworth View of the Bootstrap.- References.- Author Index.
Statistical Cache Bypassing for Non-Volatile Memory (2016)

With the increasing data throughput requirement, non-volatile memories, such as STT-RAM, PCM and RRAM, have become very competitive designs as on-chip caches in chip-multi-processors (CMPs). Since the write operations are more expensive in an asymmetric-access cache, it is more valuable to justify the data allocation. However, the asymmetric-access property of non-volatile memory is not well addressed in prior bypassing approaches, which are not energy efficient and induce non-trivial operation overhead. In this paper, we propose cache-bypassing methods designed for non-volatile memory. The basic method, SBAC, is based on data locality statistics of the whole cache rather than a signature of each cache line. The multicore extensions, SBAC-C and SBAC-G, strengthen the SBAC by distinguishing data patterns in CMPs. We observe that the decision-making of SBAC and its multicore extensions is highly accurate. Experiments show that SBAC can reduce overall energy consumption by 22.3 percent, and reduce execution time by 8.3 percent on average. The energy consumption is reduced by 21.4 and 23.4 percent for SBAC-C and SBAC-G. And the performance is improved by 7.8 and 9.6 percent for SBAC-C and SBAC-G in multicore scenario. Compared to prior approaches, SBAC outperforms and induces trivial design overhead.
Polymer Resist Systems for Photo- And Electron Lithography (1976)

This article reviews published data on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured metallic materials. The additive manufacturing techniques utilized to generate samples covered in this review include powder bed fusion (e.g., EBM, SLM, DMLS) and ...Read More
Power-Aware Parallel Job Scheduling (2012)

Recent increase in performance of High Performance Computing (HPC) centers has been followed by even higher increase in power consumption. Power draw of modern supercomputers is not only an economic problem but it has negative consequences on environment. Roughly speaking, CPU power presents 50% of total system power. Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling(DVFS) is a technique widely used to manage CPU power. The level of parallel job scheduling presents a good place for power management as the scheduler is aware of the whole system: current load, running jobs, waiting jobs and their wait times. This talk explains two power-aware parallel job scheduling policies that trade performance for energy trying to minimize the performance penalty. The first policy assigns job frequency based on predicted job performance while the other uses system utilization to decide when to run jobs at reduced frequency. In the end, a power budgeting policy will be described since power budgeting has become very important for reasons such as existing infrastructure limitations, reliability and/or carbon footprint. Interestingly, it shows that the DVFS technique can even improve overall job performance in case of a given power budget.
Detection of Trace Explosive Evidence by Ion Mobility Spectrometry (1993)

Abstract The continuing threat of worldwide terrorism has prompted the need for new and innovative explosives detection systems. As part of an ongoing research effort, the FBI Laboratory has been evaluating new technology and the innovative adaptation of existing technology for use in counterterrorism and counternarcotics investigations. We have been examining the application of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), for its role in explosives detection. The explosives residue is collected on a membrane filter by a special attachment on a household vacuum. Subsequent thermal desorption and analysis requires 5 s. Experimental results have determined the limits of detection for most common explosives to be approximately 200 pg. The vacuum sampling method permits the collection of trace physical evidence transferred to hands or surfaces through contact or post blast residue. The persistence of explosives on hands and transfer to other surfaces has been examined. Post-blast residue of NG was detected on fragments of improvised explosive devices constructed with double-based smokeless powder. Post-blast residue from C-4, Deta Sheet, SEMTEX, and ammonium nitrate explosives have also been detected on items of forensic and evidentiary value.
A mechanism for interstellar panspermia (2004)

Metre-sized boulders ejected from the Earth by large impacts are destroyed through collisions and erosion by impacting zodiacal cloud dust particles. The time-scale for such disintegration in a dense zodiacal cloud may be 10 4 yr. Once reduced to a critical size, the particles are rapidly ejected from the Solar system by radiation pressure. The critical size for ejection is of the order of a micron, large enough to protect groups of micro-organisms within them from solar ultraviolet irradiation. Such life-bearing particles are ejected at a mean rate of 10 20 per million years. During passages of the Solar system through or close to dense molecular clouds, a significant proportion of the particles may be incorporated into protoplanetary systems and protected from cosmic rays within growing planetesimals. The specific number density of micro-organisms so deposited is highest in small, dense molecular clouds. On the assumption that this ejection mechanism is common in other planetary systems environmentally capable of supporting life, a 'chain reaction' may seed the disc of the Galaxy within a few billion years. In that case it is unlikely that life originated on Earth.
Remarkable thermostability of bioelectrodes based on enzymes immobilized within hydrophobic semi‐solid matrices (1999)

An enhanced resistance to thermal denaturation was investigated for enzymes immobilized within hydrophobic semi-solid matrices compared with both free enzymes and polymer-entrapped enzymes. The bioelectrodes based on the immobilization of glucose oxidase, lactate oxidase, alcohol oxidase, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and L-amino acid oxidase within a carbon-paste matrix were constructed to examine their thermal stabilitiy at 60 degrees C or 80 degrees C. The rhodium/glucose oxidase-containing carbon-paste electrode was found to offer a remarkable stability when incubated at 60 degrees C over a long period of 4 months, with only a decrease of approx. 15% in activity. The comparative studies suggest that thermal stabilization established by this enzyme-immobilization procedure varies with the enzyme's inherent stability, the incubation temperature and the immobilizing reagent, such as pasting liquid.
Isoenzymes of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Phosphatase (1998)

Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase (PDP) is one of the few mammalian phosphatases residing within the mitochondrial matrix space. It is responsible for dephosphorylation and reactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) and, by this means, is intimately involved in the regulation of utilization of carbohydrate fuels in mammals. PDP is a dimeric enzyme consisting of catalytic and regulatory subunits. The catalytic subunit of PDP is a Mg2+-dependent enzyme homologous to the cytosolic phosphatases of the 2C family. In the present study, we isolated two cDNAs encoding for mitochondrial phosphatases. The first cDNA is highly homologous to the previously identified cDNA encoding for the catalytic subunit of PDP (PDP1). The second cDNA encodes a previously unknown catalytic subunit of PDP (PDP2). The new phosphatase, expressed as the recombinant protein in Escherichia coli, shows strict substrate specificity toward PDC and does not use phosphorylated branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase as substrate. Like PDP1, PDP2 is a Mg2+-dependent enzyme, but its sensitivity to Mg2+ ions is almost 10-fold lower than that of PDP1. In contrast to PDP1, PDP2 is not regulated by Ca2+ ions. Instead, it is sensitive to the biological polyamine spermine, which, in turn, has no effect on the enzymatic activity of PDP1. Western blot analysis of PDP extracted from mitochondria isolated from liver and skeletal muscle revealed that PDP1 is predominantly expressed in mitochondria from skeletal muscle, whereas PDP2 is much more abundant in the liver rather than muscle mitochondria. Both isoenzymes are expressed in mitochondria from 3T3-L1 adipocytes, but the level of expression of PDP2 is considerably higher. These observations are consistent with previous findings on the enzymatic parameters of PDP in adipose tissue. Thus, our results provide the first evidence that there are at least two isoenzymes of PDP in mammals that are different with respect to tissue distribution and kinetic parameters and, therefore, are likely to be different functionally.
The Relationship between the WJ-R Gf-Gc Cognitive Clusters and Mathematics Achievement across the Life-Span (1995)

The relationship between the Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery-Revised (WJ-R) cognitive clusters (Long-Term Retrieval, Short-Term Memory, Visual Processing, Auditory Processing, Processing Speed, Comprehension-Knowledge, Fluid Reasoning) and mathematics achievement measures (WJ-R Basic Mathematics Skills and Mathematics Reasoning clusters) was investigated in the WJ-R standardization sample. Multiple regression analysis with the WJ-R cognitive clusters as predictors and the mathematics achievement measures as criteria at 21 different age groups revealed significant relationships among three of the seven cognitive clusters and mathematics achievement at various ages. The degree of relationship between the cognitive clusters and mathematics achievement changed as a function of age. The results have implications for using standardized measures of cognitive abilities to explain problems of mathematics achievement.
Predicting IGBT Junction Temperature with Thermal Network Component Model (2011)

As the operation performances and reliability of semiconductor devices are tightly related to its junction temperature, the research on the junction temperature prediction and thermal modeling do a significant meaning to extend services lifetime and improve application reliability of the IGBT modules. The physical structure and conception, RC thermal compact network component model, test principle and extraction platform of the transient thermal impedance of IGBT module are briefly introduced. The parameters of RC Foster thermal network of a certain type IGBT is derived based on the junction-to-case transient thermal impedance curve. With the thermal compact network component model, the transient junction temperature can be predicted. The simulation results show that the method of predicting the junction temperature with thermal network model is effective.