gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated Management of Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus Urticae (Koch) on Tomato Grown under Polyhouse (2006)

Different integrated management modules were evaluated for the control of Tetranychus urticae (Koch) on tomato grown under polyhouse cultivation at the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta, Bangalore. Results indicated that application of module 2 (abamectin followed by wettable sulphur and abamectin) was most effective (1.23–2.08 mites per leaf) in controlling the T. urticae followed by module 1 (dicofol folfowed by wettable sulphur and dicofol) (4.05–4.23 mites per leaf) and module 3 (dicofol followed by pongamiaoil and neem seed kernal extract (4.68–4.80 mites per leaf) in first two trials (Sept. 2002-Mar. 2003 and Jun. 2003-Dec. 03). However, during third trial (Mar. 2004-Sept. 2004) all the revised modules viz., spray of dicofol followed by wettable sulphur and dicofoo (M1), abamectin followed by fenazaquin and abamectin (M2), fenazaquin followed by neem seed powder extract and oxymetrin (M3) including organic module oxymetrin followed by neem soap and pongamia oil (M4) were significantly superior.
An investigation of Bioglass powders: quality assurance test procedure and test criteria. (1989)

Bioglass, in bulk form, has been used to bond to the body's hard and soft tissues in many surgical and dental applications over the past 18 years. There is also a large potential use of Bioglass, in powder or paste from, to fill irregular-shaped bony defects caused by local or systemic disease, congenital malformations, or trauma in the fields of otolaryngology and dental sciences. A quality assurance test procedure to analyze powdered Bioglass to guarantee that the bioactivity of the glass has been maintained during manufacturing was developed. Herein states the quality assurance test procedure, test variables, and test criteria to assure the bioactivity of Bioglass powders made from known bioactive bulk Bioglass samples. Also described herein is the path taken to develop the test procedure and test criteria and experiments performed to study the test variables.
Xerostomia: dry mouth, the Internet and you (2000)

The author presents a case report and discusses the following aspects of xerostomia: what is xerostomia, why it happens, what can be done, the Inernet and you. (non-author abstract)
Advanced modeling of fluid catalytic cracking riser‐type reactors (1993)

Abstract A mathematical model is developed that predicts three‐dimensional, two‐phaseflow, heat transfer and reaction inside catalytic cracking riser‐type reactors. The model consists of the full set of partial‐differential equations that describe the conservation of mass, momentum, energy and chemical species for both phases in the reactor, coupled with empirical correlations concerning interphase friction, interphase heat‐transfer and fluid‐to‐wall frictional forces. The cracking reaction is simulated by a simple three‐lump kinetic model, but more realistic kinetic models can be easily included. The model can predict the most important engineering aspects of a riser reactor including pressure drop, catalyst holdup, interphase slip velocity, catalyst acceleration zone, choking behavior and temperature distribution in both phases, and yields distribution all over the reactor. It can also predict other complex engineering three‐dimensional, two‐phase problems realistically using computational fluid dynamics techniques.
Mitigation of Converter-Grid Resonance, Grid-Induced Distortion, and Parametric Instabilities in Converter-Based Distributed Generation (2010)

This paper presents a robust interfacing scheme for distributed generation (DG) inverters featuring robust mitigation of converter-grid resonance at parameter variation, grid-induced distortion, and current-control parametric instabilities. The proposed scheme relies on a high-bandwidth current-control loop, which is designed with continuous wideband active damping against converter-grid disturbances and parametric uncertainties by providing adaptive internal-model dynamics. First, a predictive current controller with time-delay compensation is adopted to control the grid-side current with high-bandwidth characteristics to facilitate higher bandwidth disturbance rejection and active-damping control at higher frequencies. Second, to ensure high disturbance rejection of grid distortion, converter resonance at parameter variation, and parametric instabilities, an adaptive internal model for the capacitor voltage and grid-side current dynamics is included within the current-feedback structure. Due to the time-varying and periodic nature of the internal-model dynamics, a neural-network-based estimator is proposed to construct the internal-model dynamics in real time. Theoretical analysis and comparative experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Rigid Internal Fixation of the Sternum in Postoperative Mediastinitis (1994)

Radical sternal débridement may not be necessary in all patients with postoperative mediastinitis following median sternotomy. Sternal salvage can safely and reliably be performed with a combination of clinical assessment of vascularity and osseous quantitative bacteriologic assessment. Anatomic reduction of the viable sternal segments is possible even in severely osteoporotic bone.
Critical Periods of Suicide Risk in Huntington’s Disease (2005)

Contrary to popular belief, receiving a diagnosis of a devastating fatal disease does not exacerbate, and may even alleviate, the risk of suicide. Suicidal ideation was examined in 4,171 individuals in the Huntington Study Group database. Participants were grouped according to a standardized neurological examination from 0 (i.e., normal examination) to 3 (definite Huntington's disease). Patients with an unequivocal diagnosis of Huntington's disease were further divided by stage of disease, from stage 1 (early) to stage 5 (end stage). Findings showed that the frequency of suicidal ideation doubled from 9.1% in at-risk persons with a normal neurological examination to 19.8% in at-risk persons with soft neurological signs and increased to 23.5% in persons with "possible Huntington's disease." In persons with a diagnosis of Huntington's disease, 16.7% had suicidal ideation in stage 1, and 21.6% had suicidal ideation in stage 2, whereas the proportion of Huntington's disease patients with suicidal ideation diminished thereafter. Findings suggest two critical periods for increased risk of suicide in Huntington's disease. The first critical period is immediately before receiving a formal diagnosis of Huntington's disease, and the second is in stage 2 of the disease, when independence diminishes. Although the underlying mechanisms of suicidal ideation in Huntington's disease are poorly understood, it is critical for health care providers to be aware of periods during which patients may be at an increased risk.
Volunteer Utilization Report Prepared for Future of the Library Task Force of the Charlotte Mecklenburg Library, 2010 (2013)

The author has prepared a planning document on how her library system can use volunteers as one strategy for keeping libraries open in the face of severe budget cuts by the county government that provides most of the library's funding. The document is addressed to the Future of the Library Task Force, the planning group that makes policy recommendations to governance officials. The author also estimates the number of volunteers and the number of hours they will contribute as Charlotte Mecklenburg Library works to implement the plan. These calculations generate several tables with information about volunteer activities within the system to provide the planners with sufficient information to make appropriate decisions.
VARIATION IN pH AND LACTATE LEVELS IN MALTS (1996)

Malt pH, defined as the pH of worts prepared by the Institute of Brewing Methods of Analysis, was examined in commercial malts from a single malting plant over four crop years, 1990 to 1993. Batch to batch variability was found, in addition to a distinct pattern within two of the years, with a gradual decrease in the winter months following commencement of malting of the new crop barley, followed by a subsequent increase in the late summer. Variability in pH and the longer term trend were not related to any measured processing variables or characteristics of the barley used for malting. Possible reasons for the differences in pH were examined and a negative relationship between malt pH and wort lactate content was demonstrated in a selection of malts from two crop years. A method is proposed for extraction and purification of lactate directly from malt and using this method it was shown that lactate in wort derives mainly from malt with only small amounts being produced during mashing.
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals; A Review (1977)

Abstract The development and the current state of knowledge of ferroelectric liquid crystals are reviewed. Symmetry considerations first indicated that a ferroelectric phase should exist. Synthesis of new molecules led to the first experiments on electro-optical properties, indicating a spontaneous polarization. Various studies of bulk samples, including further electro-optical effects, shear induced polarization, pyroelectric effects, and switching experiments are discussed. Studies of the Curie point and effects visible in freely suspended films are summarized. Comparisons with crystalline ferroelectrics are made. Some further work and possible applications are indicated.
The bovine mitochondrial endonuclease prefers a conserved sequence in the displacement loop region of mitochondrial DNA. (1987)

The purified endonuclease of bovine heart mitochondria shows a remarkable preference for a specific site in bovine mtDNA. This site was identified using a recombinant DNA template which includes a 4.9-kilobase portion of the 16-kilobase bovine mitochondrial sequence encompassing all of the displacement loop region. The endonucleolytic target corresponds to an evolutionarily conserved sequence tract of 12 consecutive guanine residues that is found in an otherwise highly divergent domain of the mitochondrial displacement loop region. The preference for this site is several hundred-fold greater than other less favored sites. Unlike other less prominent cleavage loci, the conserved sequence tract is readily nicked in either or both DNA strands, even at 0 degrees C. These findings suggest that there is a specific interaction of the endonuclease with this site in vivo that may be important for mtDNA replication.
Junction investigation of graphene/silicon Schottky diodes (2012)

Here we present a facile technique for the large-scale production of few-layer graphene flakes. The as-sonicated, supernatant, and sediment of the graphene product were respectively sprayed onto different types of silicon wafers. It was found that all devices exhibited current rectification properties, and the supernatant graphene devices have the best performance. Schottky junctions formed between graphene flakes and silicon n-type substrates exhibit good photovoltaic conversion efficiency while graphene/p-Si devices have poor light harvesting capability.
Evaluation of lactic acid Streptococci for the preparation of frozen concentrated starter cultures. (1980)

Eight strains of Streptococcus diacetilactis and Streptococcus lactis were examined for viability, growth rate, lactic acid and diacetyl production in milk and proteolytic activity before and after freezing at --30 degrees C. Concentrations of yeast autolysate, peptone, lactose and citrate as well as the usefulness of milk and whey culture media for active biomass production were investigated. After freezing and storage at --30 degrees C, with the use of non-fat milk as a cryoprotective agent, high survival and endocellular proteolytic activity of the frozen concentrate was achieved. S. diacetilactis sp. and S. lactis 115 were shown to be more biologically active than other strains. Their physiological properties remained unaffected by freezing.
Phoneme and word based model for tamil speech recognition using GMM-HMM (2015)

Speech is the standard means of communication among people. Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) applications facilitate the users to interact with machines through speech and perform their tasks effortlessly. Speech Recognition applications in native languages will enable illiterate and semi-illiterate people to use computer services without any/little knowledge to operate computers and to lead better life. In the proposed work, speaker independent isolated- phoneme and word recognition systems have been developed for the Indian regional language Tamil. The Hidden Markov Tool Kit (HTK) was used for developing speaker independent phoneme and word based Tamil speech recognition system. The work involves main tasks like Feature Extraction, Acoustic Model Building and Decoding. Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) is extracted from the speech utterances and Hidden Markov Model (HMM) used to build the acoustic model. In building acoustic model, Multivariate Gaussian Mixture Model with different number of components is used to estimate the state emission probabilities and finally Viterbi Decoder employed to recognize the test speech utterances. A small vocabulary of 50 words which are collected from 10 native speakers of Tamil language was used to build and test the model. The performance of both phoneme and word based models have been analyzed and the recognition accuracy and word error rate of the models are discussed.
Otitis media complications and treatment failures (1995)

Classic complications of untreated otitis media include meningitis, lateral sinus thrombosis and chronic suppurative otitis media. In the past, in countries where otitis media is usually treated, complications have been rare, because of the good activity of almost all orally administered antibiotics against the most common cause of complications, Streptococcus pneumoniae. Treatment failures were usually caused by beta-lactamase-producing nontypable Haemophilus influenzae or by Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis and were rarely associated with serious systemic infections. With the advent of multidrug-resistant pneumococci, however, serious and fatal infections can occur in the face of our most potent antimicrobial agents. The consequences of the emergence of multidrug-resistant pneumococci are likely to include more persistent purulent otitis media, increased usage of broad-spectrum antibiotics, an increase in surgical treatment rates for otitis media and, eventually, an increase in suppurative complications of otitis media. Medical treatment failures probably already surpass eustachian tube dysfunction as the most common reason for tympanostomy tube insertion. Multidrug-resistant pneumococci may be expected to change the way in which primary and secondary care is currently administered.
CD71 (Transferrin Receptor) (2010)

Accurate analysis of the erythroid lineage is essential in evaluating bone marrow biopsy specimens and can be particularly challenging in the setting of dyserythropoiesis. Transferrin receptor (CD71) mediates the uptake of transferrin-iron complexes and is highly expressed on the surface of cells of the erythroid lineage. Although CD71 has been used for flow cytometric analysis, its usefulness in paraffin-embedded bone marrow biopsy specimens has not been examined. This study defined the immunohistochemical profile of CD71, as compared with glycophorin A (CD235a) and hemoglobin, in 65 bone marrow biopsy specimens, including normal marrow specimens and cases of myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, plasma cell neoplasm, and metastatic carcinoma. Immunoreactivity for CD71 was restricted to erythroid precursors in normal and dyspoietic marrow samples and exhibited a membranous and cytoplasmic staining pattern. The vast majority of mature erythrocytes lack expression of CD71, greatly facilitating interpretation. CD71 is a highly effective marker for the detection of cells of erythroid lineage in bone marrow biopsy specimens.
Diagnostic Reasoning (1989)

Research in cognitive science, decision sciences, and artificial intelligence has yielded substantial insights into the nature of diagnostic reasoning. Many elements of the diagnostic process have been identified, and many principles of effective clinical reasoning have been formulated. Three reasoning strategies are considered here: probabilistic, causal, and deterministic. Probabilistic reasoning relies on the statistical relations between clinical variables and is frequently used in formal calculations of disease likelihoods. Probabilistic reasoning is especially useful in evoking diagnostic hypotheses and in assessing the significance of clinical findings and test results. Causal reasoning builds a physiologic model and assesses a patient's findings for coherency and completeness against the model; it functions especially effectively in verification of diagnostic hypotheses. Deterministic reasoning consists of sets of compiled rules generated from routine, well-defined practices. Much human problem solving may derive from activation and implementation of such rules. A deeper understanding of clinical cognition should enhance clinical teaching and patient care.
Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx over Copper-based Microporous Catalysts (2013)

Increasing concerns in our society regarding the release of harmful gasses into the atmosphere have led to the development and implementation of various technologies that curb the amount of pollutants released from various sources. Heterogeneous catalysts have made a major contribution in the control of such pollutants. One such family of pollutants, Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), originates from the use of fossil fuels in different applications, e.g. industrial processes, power plants, transport, etc. Analogous to the use of Three Way Catalysts (TWC) in cars with gasoline engines, Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is an efficient technology realized for the control of NOx from diesel engines. State-of-the-art SCR technologies use Cu-based zeolites as the active catalyst. The aim of this PhD thesis was to contribute towards the understanding of the origins of the SCR process over Cu-based molecular sieves in the presence of NH3 as a reducing agent with a focus towards the structural properties of the catalyst. A part of the work involved synthesis of Cu-exchanged zeolites using different preparation techniques. The catalysts were pre-characterized using conventional laboratory techniques, such as UV-Vis-NIR diffuse reflectance (DR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and further studied for their catalytic activity under plug flow conditions, whilst following the output gasses online using infrared spectroscopy (IR) and mass spectrometry (MS). In addition, thorough characterization studies were performed using synchrotron based X-ray absorption (XAFS) and X-ray diffraction studies (XRD). Key to the task of active site elucidation was the combination of a technique sensitive to short range order (XAFS) with a technique sensitive to the long range order of materials (XRD).
Highly sensitive setup for tunable wavelength hyper-Rayleigh scattering with parallel detection and calibration data for various solvents (2009)

A very sensitive experimental setup for accurate wavelength-dependent hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) measurements of the molecular first hyperpolarizability beta in the broad fundamental wavelength range of 600 to 1800 nm is presented. The setup makes use of a stable continuously tunable picosecond optical parametric amplifier with kilohertz repetition rate. To correct for multi-photon fluorescence, a small spectral range around the second harmonic wavelength is detected in parallel using a spectrograph coupled to an intensified charge-coupled device. Reliable calibration against the pure solvent is possible over the full accessible spectral range. An extensive set of wavelength-dependent HRS calibration data for a wide range of solvents is presented, and very accurate measurements of the beta dispersion of the well-known nonlinear optical chromophore Disperse Red 1 are demonstrated.
연구논문 : 의사난수 생성기의 일양성과 독립성 검정 (1998)

지금까지 알려진 의사난수 생성기에서는 혼합 합동 생성기 , 승산 합동 생성기 , 유니버설 난수 생성기, 역함수 합동 생성기, 양의 역함수 난수 생성기 등 여러 가지가 있다. 이러한 의사난수 생성기에 대하여 각각 20, 40, 60, 80, 100개의 자료를 생성하여 유의수준(α) 0.1, 0.05, 0.01 기준으로 10,000번의 시행 과정을 통하여 난수의 특성인 일양성과 독립성을 만족하는지를 검정하였다.
Enhancing aspect profile of half-pitch 32 nm and 22 nm lithography with plasmonic cavity lens (2015)

Poor aspect profiles of plasmonic lithography patterns are suffering from evanescent waves' scattering loss in metal films and decaying exposure in photoresist. To address this issue, we experimentally report plasmonic cavity lens to enhance aspect profile and resolution of plasmonic lithography. The profile depth of half-pitch (hp) 32 nm resist patterns is experimentally improved up to 23 nm, exceeding in the reported sub-10 nm photoresist depth. The resist patterns are then transferred to bottom resist patterns with 80 nm depth using hard-mask technology and etching steps. The resolution of plasmonic cavity lens up to hp 22 nm is experimentally demonstrated. The enhancement of the aspect profile and resolution is mainly attributed to evanescent waves amplifying from the bottom silver layer and scattering loss reduction with smooth silver films in plasmonic cavity lens. Further, theoretical near-field exposure model is utilized to evaluate aspect profile with plasmonic cavity lens and well illustrates the experimental results.
Tenderization of Early-Harvested Broiler Breast Fillets by High-Voltage Post-Mortem Electrical Stimulation and Muscle Tensioning , (1992)

Three experiments, each composed of two 96-bird trials, were conducted to determine the effects of electrical stimulation (ES) and muscle tensioning (MT) on tenderness, sarcomere length, and pH of broiler Pectoralis fillets harvested from chilled carcasses 1 h post-mortem (chill-boned). Shear values of fillets from ES carcasses were significantly lower than unstimulated controls, with no significant difference for ES duration. There were no significant differences between the sarcomere lengths of raw fillets from any of the ES treatments, but all had significantly longer sarcomeres than did the unstimulated controls. Muscle tensioning significantly improved the tenderness of chill-boned breast fillets compared with that of nontensioned carcasses, with no significant differences between any of the MT initiation times. Sarcomeres of all tensioned carcasses were significantly longer than nontensioned controls, with no significant difference between any of the MT treatments. When ES and MT were applied in combination, their interaction resulted in significantly lower shear values compared with either individual treatment. The mean sarcomere length for the combined ES and MT treatment was significantly longer than that of untreated control carcasses or those receiving either treatment. Electrical stimulation, but not MT, increased the rate of post-mortem pH decline. The combined ES and MT treatment increased the percentage of fillets harvested at 1 h post-mortem that would be considered tender by consumers.