gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chromic gut pelviscopic loop ligature. Effect of the number of pulls on the tensile strength. (1990)

The failure load of a pelviscopic loop ligature (PLL) was determined after tightening the slip knot with one, two or three pulls. The PLL showed a significant decrease in strength when tightened with three or more pulls. In each group some PLLs failed from slippage rather than from fracture of the suture material at the base of the knot. Slippage occurred more frequently with each additional pull. The findings indicate that the surgeon should apply only one pull on the device for the most secure knot. In addition, there was no strength difference between the suture material itself and the junction of the suture and its plastic tail grip. The plastic tail grip of the PLL will not release the tail end of the suture material before either the suture material or the slip knot fails.
Blocked isocyanates: from analytical and experimental considerations to non-polyurethane applications (2016)

In this review we aim to provide an introductory guide to blocked isocyanates, through discussion on different examples of blocking groups, along with experimental considerations for their application.
Umbilical Cord Blood–Derived Natural Killer Cells Combined with Bevacizumab for Colorectal Cancer Treatment (2018)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the cancers with the highest incidence globally, and it currently ranks as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Novel strategies for the treatment of advanced CRC are urgently needed, and adoptive transfer of allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells represents an attractive option. In this study, we successfully expanded NK cells from umbilical cord blood (UCB) with membrane-bound interleukin (IL)-21, termed eUCB-NK cells. eUCB-NK cells efficiently lysed CRC cell lines in vitro and secreted significantly higher levels of interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, and chemokine ligand 3 compared with IL-2-stimulated NK cells. Adoptive transfer of these NK cells significantly inhibited the growth of HT29 xenografts, whereas LoVo tumors were not effectively controlled with eUCB-NK cells. Higher numbers of NK cells inside HT29 tumors, not seen in LoVo tumors, might contribute to the differences in response to eUCB-NK cells. Bevacizumab increased extravasation of adoptively transferred NK cells into LoVo tumors and improved the therapeutic activity of eUCB-NK cells. These results justify clinical translation of UCB-derived NK cell-based therapeutics, used alone or in combination with bevacizumab, as a novel treatment option for patients with CRC.
Technical Specialized Knowledge and Secondary Shares in Initial Public Offerings (2009)

This paper utilizes an understudied but often utilized aspect of initial public offerings (IPOs), secondary shares, to examine whether the knowledge conditions of firms give rise to agency problems that limit the ability of founders and venture capitalists to sell equity at IPO. In an analysis of 2,190 IPOs spanning from 1992 through 2002, we find that private owners are less likely to be observed selling their equity at IPO in ventures that are highly dependent on technical specialized knowledge as measured by the count of individuals with Ph.D.s in the top management team and board of directors. However, we find that this limit on the financial liquidity of founders and venture capitalists is alleviated when the venture's output has received greater market acceptance. Hence, the findings suggest that the financial liquidity of individuals involved in entrepreneurship is likely to be influenced by the knowledge conditions of their venture.
The equation of motion coupled-cluster method. A systematic biorthogonal approach to molecular excitation energies, transition probabilities, and excited state properties (1993)

A comprehensive overview of the equation of motion coupled-cluster (EOM-CC) method and its application to molecular systems is presented. By exploiting the biorthogonal nature of the theory, it is shown that excited state properties and transition strengths can be evaluated via a generalized expectation value approach that incorporates both the bra and ket state wave functions. Reduced density matrices defined by this procedure are given by closed form expressions. For the root of the EOM-CC effective Hamiltonian that corresponds to the ground state, the resulting equations are equivalent to the usual expressions for normal single-reference CC density matrices. Thus, the method described in this paper provides a universal definition of coupled-cluster density matrices, providing a link between EOM-CC and traditional ground state CC theory. Excitation energy, oscillator strength, and property calculations are illustrated by means of several numerical examples, including comparisons with full configuration interaction calculations and a detailed study of the ten lowest electronically excited states of the cyclic isomer of C4.
Active Sites and Ice Crystal Nucleation (1969)

The concept of active nucleation sites is examined in the light of standard nucleation theory and it is suggested that these sites are probably small re-entrant corners or jogs in growth steps on the surface of the nucleating particle. The nucleation behavior of a spherical particle with a conical pit on its surface is examined in detail and the activity of a population of particles having a log-normal distribution of such pits is worked out. The parameters involved in the theory can be evaluated within acceptable limits and the resulting curves exhibit the phenomena observed experimentally. Generalized activity curves are given in parametric form for more detailed comparison with experiment.
Some effects of the herbicide EL‐107 on cellular growth and metabolism (1987)

Summary Effects of the herbicide EL‐107 ( N ‐[3‐(1‐ethyl‐1‐methylpropyl)‐5‐isoxazolyl]‐2,6‐dimethoxy‐benzamide) on the growth of dicotyledonous plants are described. The herbicide did not inhibit germination but reduced the growth of rape ( Brassica napus L.) by half at 0.0057 mg l −1 . The most characteristic symptom induced was a swelling of the apical regions, and histological observations of root tips of Polygonum persicaria and rape revealed a progressve disappearance of the meristematic zone, which was replaced by enlarged cells almost devoid of cytoplasm. Growth of cells of Acer pseudoplatanus L. and soybean ( Glycine max L.) cultured in suspension was also inhibited by EL‐107, which induced a characteristic change in the cell morphology to an enlarged, rounded shape. EL‐107 apparently did not block cell division; at a high concentration it produced some inhibition of protein synthesis, but in Acer cells only. In both types of cell cultures it inhibited, to some extent, the incorporation of glucose into cell wall material.
Ant system for service deployment in private and public clouds (2010)

Large-scale computing platforms that serve thousands or even millions of users through the Internet are on a path to become a pervasive technology available to companies of all sizes. However, existing technologies to enable this kind of scaling are based on a hierarchically managed approach that does not scale equally well. Moreover, existing systems are also not equipped to handle the dynamism that may emerge as a result of severe failures or load surges.
The Tale of a Tail (1998)

The commercial general liability insurance industry shifted, in 1986, from the use of an “occurrence-based” to a “claims-made” policy form. So-called “tail” or “long tail” claims have continued nevertheless, to be asserted under the older “occurrence” policies which required that injury occur during the term of the policy, but not that the claim for such injury be made or brought at any particular time. In seeking state approval to use the new “claims-made” form in 1985-86, the insurance industry represented that the new form would not affect coverage under the old “occurrence” form. Despite that representation, insurers are now asserting, in the guise of an “allocation” claim, that “occurrence coverage” is progressively reduced as each year goes by between the date of the “occurrence” and when the claim is made. This assertion involves a contrived, intricate, and novel interpretation of an ambiguous insurance policy provision, and thus cuts across well-accepted canons of insurance policy interpretation. Such an interpretation would impair coverage that has already attached, and would also impair reasonable expectations on the part of the insured.
Personalized video recommendation based on cross-platform user modeling (2013)

Online propagation of videos has surged up to an unparalleled level. Most personalized video recommendation methods are based on single-platform user modeling, which suffer from data sparsity and cold-start issues. In this paper, we introduce cross-platform user modeling as a solution by smartly aggregating user information from different platforms. Unlike traditional recommendation methods where sufficient user information is assumed available in the target platform, this proposed method works well when there is little knowledge about users' interests in the target platform. While considering the difference of user behaviors in different platforms, on one hand, we enrich user profile in the target platform with related information in the auxiliary platform. On the other hand, we transfer the collaborative relationship defined in behaviors from the auxiliary platform to the target platform. Carefully designed experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
中国崛起、地区权力转移与东亚安全：从1949年到21世纪 (2009)

在过去的60年中，中国曾经历过两次崛起，目前正处于第三次崛起中。中国的崛起造成了权力转移和大国间的互动。1949～1950年，中国第一次崛起，为此要求修正地区秩序以反映其力量及其对安全的需求。中关和中苏间多次爆发冲突后，关苏最终容纳了中国对改变东亚秩序的要求。1978～2008年，中国以和平方式第二次崛起，成为东亚大陆的主导力量。整个东亚地区正在被划分为中关两国的势力范围。21世纪初叶中国的第三次崛起将对美国在东亚海域的控制力及其全球的安全利益形成挑战。中国领导人面临着如何把握中国第三次崛起带来的问题，而美国则应保持对华合作性外交和经济政策，并鼓励中国再次和平地崛起。
EphrinA1 inactivates integrin-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell spreading via the Rac/PAK pathway (2003)

Interactions between the Eph receptor tyrosine kinase and ephrin ligands transduce short-range signals regulating axon pathfinding, development of the cardiovascular system, as well as migration and spreading of neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Some of these effects are believed to be mediated by alterations in actin dynamics. The members of the small Rho GTPase family elicit various effects on actin structures and are probably involved in Eph receptor-induced actin modulation. EphrinA1 is proposed to contribute to angiogenesis as it is strongly expressed at sites of neovascularization. Moreover, angiogenic factors induce the expression of ephrinA1 in endothelial cells. In this study, using rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), we investigated the contribution of the small Rho GTPases in ephrinA1-induced integrin inactivation. EphrinA1 did not significantly affect early adhesion of VSMCs on purified laminin or fibronectin, but strongly impaired cell spreading. The Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 partly reversed the ephrinA1 effect, suggesting involvement of Rho in this model. However, inhibition of RhoA synthesis with short interfering (si)RNA had a modest effect, suggesting that RhoA plays a limited role in ephrinA1-mediated inhibition of spreading in VSMCs. The ephrinA1-mediated morphological alterations correlated with inhibition of Rac1 and p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) activity, and were antagonized by the expression of a constitutively active Rac mutant. Moreover, repression of Rac1 synthesis with siRNA amplifies the ephrinA1-induced inhibition of spreading. Finally, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a lipid mediator known to inhibit Rac activation in VSMCs amplifies the ephrinA1 effect. In conclusion, our results emphasize the role of the Rac/PAK pathway in ephrinA1-mediated inhibition of spreading. In this way, ephrinA1, alone or in synergy with S1P, can participate in blood vessel destabilization, a prerequisite for angiogenesis.
Design of Sequences with Specified Autocorrelation and Cross Correlation (1976)

A method of designing sequences with specified autocorrelation and cross-correlation properties is presented in this paper. This is based on power residue classification of a prime or a prime power and consists of first finding periodic sequences with acceptable correlation sidelobes and then testing these for aperiodic correlation. Signals considered include binary, polyphase, and frequency-time coded sequences. Computer results for some short length sequences are also given.
MORSE INDEX OF COMPACT MINIMAL SURFACES (1998)

Abstract. In this paper we study the Hessian at critical points of energy function on Teichmüller space T (R) and apply it to the index of minimal surfaces 1.
A Metacognitive Pedagogy: The River Summer project (2007)

Results of investigations on the role of protooncogenes in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of normal hemopoietic cells and in the pathogenesis of tumoral hemopoietic diseases are reviewed. The ways of the protooncogene activation in leukemias are discussed.
Experiments, quasi-experiments, and case studies: A review of empirical methods for evaluating decision support systems (1991)

Developers of decision support systems (DSS) often fail to present empirical data supporting the claimed merits of their systems. Discussions with developers indicate that they often do not consider or know how to perform the required empirical evaluations. That problem is addressed by reviewing the issues inherent in using experiments, quasi-experiments, and case studies to evaluate DSSs. The discussion revolves around the issues of reliability and four types of validity: internal, construct, statistical conclusion, and external. The discussion is focused upon but not restricted to expert systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A general method for preserving attribute values on simplified meshes (1998)

Many sophisticated solutions have been proposed to reduce the geometric complexity of 3D meshes. A problem studied less often is how to preserve on a simplified mesh the detail (e.g., color, high frequency shape detail, scalar fields, etc.) which is encoded in the original mesh. We present a general approach for preserving detail on simplified meshes. The detail (or high frequency information) lost after simplification is encoded through texture or bump maps. The original contribution is that preservation is performed after simplification, by building set of triangular texture patches that are then packed in a single texture map. Each simplified mesh face is sampled to build the associated triangular texture patch; a new method for storing this set of texture patches into a standard rectangular texture is presented and discussed. Our detail preserving approach makes no assumptions about the simplification process adopted to reduce mesh complexity and allows highly efficient rendering. The solution is very general, allowing preservation of any attribute value defined on the high resolution mesh. We also describe an alternative application: the conversion of 3D models with 3D static procedural textures into standard 3D models with 2D textures.
Colposcopy in the diagnosis of cervical neoplasia. (1990)

Two hundred and ninety one women were evaluated for cervical cancer by cytology and colposcopy. Of these, 152 patients underwent colposcopically directed biopsy for histological evaluation. Colposcopy and cytology were in agreement in 88 per cent of cases whereas colposcopy and histopathology were in agreement in 79 per cent of cases. Cytology underestimated the severity of the lesion in nine per cent while colposcopy underestimated the lesion in 7.2 per cent (False negative rate). In 13.8 per cent of cases colposcopy overestimated the lesion (False positive rate). The cone biopsy rate in this series was 30 per cent. We conclude that since colposcopy shows excellent correlation with histopathology, it will be a useful tool to reduce cone biopsy rates, particularly in younger women in the child-bearing age group.
OCT4 Staining in Testicular Tumors. A Sensitive and Specific Marker for Seminoma and Embryonal Carcinoma (2005)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Urological Oncology: Testis Cancer and Advances in Oncological Therapy1 Aug 2005OCT4 Staining in Testicular Tumors. A Sensitive and Specific Marker for Seminoma and Embryonal Carcinoma Jerome P. RichieM.D. Jerome P. RichieJerome P. Richie View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)68313-7AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "OCT4 Staining in Testicular Tumors. A Sensitive and Specific Marker for Seminoma and Embryonal Carcinoma." The Journal of Urology, 174(2), pp. 569–570 © 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 174Issue 2August 2005Page: 569-570 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Jerome P. Richie More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Sputter-Deposited Titanium-Chromium Alloy Coatings (1998)

Titanium, chromium, and titanium-chromium alloy coatings were sputter-deposited to study their corrosion behaviors in relation to microstructure and composition. Silicon substrates were used to study the effect of alloying on intrinsic corrosion resistance of the coating materials, and brass substrates were used to study the effect of alloying on the penetrating porosity of the coatings. Corrosion behavior was characterized using linear sweep voltammetry. The crystal structure of the coatings was examined by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and the microstructure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to estimate the real surface area of the coatings. Results showed alloying of titanium with chromium greatly influenced microstructure of the coatings. Alloying led to deposits of higher apparent density and, in some cases, to an x-ray amorphous structure. Alloy coatings showed significantly lower corrosion currents than the constituting metals. The effect was attributed to a smoother surface topography. When corrected for differences in real surface area, the intrinsic corrosion rate of the alloy coatings did not differ significantly from that of the constituting metals. Alloy coatings deposited on brass exhibited a lower porosity than titanium or chromium metal coatings produced under identical conditions.
Use of PCR in the Diagnosis of Monogenic Disease (1989)

Since the fall of 1987, PCR technology has had a revolutionary impact upon the prenatal diagnosis of single gene disorders and carrier testing for these disorders. PCR technology has not yet expanded the repertoire of diseases which can be detected, but it has greatly expanded the options of the laboratory diagnostician. At Johns Hopkins it has allowed us to diagnose disorders with greater speed, greater accuracy, and with greater technical flexibility. Examples illustrating each of these improvements follow. Before October 1987, we carried out prenatal diagnosis of sickle cell anemia by Southern blotting for the mutation which usually required two or more weeks from the date of fetal sampling. Since October 1987, we have carried out these diagnoses by PCR techniques in two to four days from fetal sampling. Prior to October 1987, nearly all our prenatal diagnoses of β-thalassemia were accomplished through indirect detection via linked DNA polymorphisms in the β-globin cluster. Again, this work usually took two to four weeks to accomplish. Since October 1987, all our prenatal diagnoses of β-thalassemia have been carried out by direct detection of the disease-producing mutations after PCR amplification of regions of the β-globin gene. These methods provide increased accuracy and diagnosis usually within one week. Improved technical flexibility has meant that 1) if we are unable to determine a β-thalassemia mutation in one parent or another, we can study DNA polymorphisms in the β-globin cluster in a day or two, or 2) we can determine the extent of maternal contamination quickly using sequence differences between mother and fetus. These are just some examples of what PCR has meant to the gene diagnostic enterprise.
Construction of the octree approximating a three-dimensional object by using multiple views (1988)

A fast, efficient, algorithm that processes polyhedral cones from views of an object to produce an octree representation of the object is proposed. A polyhedral cone defined by both a viewpoint and a polygonal contour of the object in the image for each view always contains the object. Thus the common region of the cones for multiple views is considered to be an approximating one of the object. The octree representation controls all cubic regions in three-dimensional space as a set of nodes with a hierarchical description in positioning, and therefore is suitable for registration of the common region. The computational complexity of the algorithm is directly proportional to the common region surface area and exponentially proportional to the finest resolution level of the octree. The calculation time of the algorithm is determined for illustrative examples of three-dimensional objects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Are Outsize Porphyry Copper Deposits Either Anatomically or Environmentally Distinctive? (1993)

The majority of world metal and fuel resources are contained in a very small proportion of the total number of world deposits that represent the upper end of the size spectrum of deposits. To survive in the increasingly competitive resource industry, mining companies must focus on finding or acquiring deposits of this type. The purpose of this workshop is to attempt to identify geological features that are characteristic or diagnostic of these very large deposits and their regional and local geological setting. One possibility is that very large deposits are just abnormally large "normal" deposits, being generated by essentially the same ore-forming process. Alternatively, the ore-forming process which generates very large deposits may be significantly different. The concern here is not with the well-known size differences between deposits of different geological type that contain the same metal (i.e., the difference between porphyry copper deposits and volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits as copper resources).A number of different deposit types are being considered because there is very little useful quantitative data on the specific problem that we are addressing for any one deposit type. We hope that our lack of data on individual deposit types can be overcome by putting together parts of the puzzle from different deposit types. The paucity of data on the relationship between size and geological characteristics is unfortunate, but not surprising. Rarely is research concerned with widely accepted assumptions, no matter how important the implications of those assumptions. Few assumptions are more deeply ingrained in geology than the idea that ore-forming processes are independent of scale.In this introduction, four general issues will be considered that are pertinent to the topic that is the focus of this volume: 1. ) what is a mineral deposit? 2.) how is size to be defmed so that it approximates as closely as possible a purely geological variable (as opposed to a mixed geologic-economic variable)? 3.) how are polymetallic deposits, and deposits of different geological type to be compared? 4.) what are the geological factors, and the nature of their interaction, that control the size of ore deposits?A mineral deposit is defined as a single mineralized body, or a group of spatially associated mineralized bodies. In most cases, ore zones forming part of a mineral deposit are close enough to be developed and mined from one set of underground workings. In the case of deposits mined by open pit, however,