gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poultry Litter and Cover Crop Integration into No‐till Cotton on Upland Soil (2019)

Core Ideas Applying poultry litter to the top of cover crop residue increased lint yield in drier years. This practice enhanced cotton lint yield, soil C, and soil health. This practice reduced NO 3 –N and water‐soluble P by 49 and 22% in 5‐cm soil depth, a zone of plant–soil–water interactions. The influence of poultry litter (PL) and cover crops have under no‐till cropping systems in Mississippi upland soils on cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield and subsequent soil health are largely unknown. A 4‐yr field study was conducted to determine the effect of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cover crop and PL on cotton lint yield in narrow (0.75 m) and conventional (1.01 m) row spacings. The experimental design was split‐split plot with three replications. The cover crop treatment was assigned to the main plots. Within the cover crop treatment, a narrow row spacing compared to conventional row spacing as subplots. Fertilization treatments included unfertilized control, inorganic N fertilizer (112 kg N ha −1 ) and PL (6.7 Mg ha −1 ). Lint yield was significantly greater with PL than inorganic fertilizer each year. Lint yield in a dry season was significantly greater with cover crop treatment. However, following the cessation of PL in 2017, lint yield increased by 12% in the absence of cover crop residue. As compared to unfertilized control, applying PL in the presence of cover crop residue enhanced soil C by 22% and water aggregate stability by 7.4% and reduced soil penetration resistance and bulk density by 9 and 3.5%, respectively. Applying PL for 3 years increased soil levels of both gram‐negative bacteria, 16S rRNA, and ureC , while planting cover crop doubled heterotrophic plate count bacteria. Integration of PL and cover crop residue in a no‐till cotton increased lint yield and improved soil quality indicators.
Models of test selection (1995)

Complex systems such as computers, aerospace systems, etc., are often tested by using a sequence of tests to exercise the functionality of the system. If the system fails a test, an error message is generated, initiating the test selection (TS) phase. The troubleshooter must decide whether or not to run more tests. Should the troubleshooter decide to conduct more tests, a test must be chosen as it may no longer be useful to conform to the predefined sequence. While in the TS phase, the troubleshooter will repeatedly make these decisions until he is done. The authors present a domain-independent framework to automate TS that is based on two computational models, TI and TP. Both models are needed for the authors show there are applications for which one model performs well, while the other model performs poorly. The use of the appropriate model for automating TS is indicated by certain characteristics of the testing sequence and the system under test.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Curveball as a Risk Factor for Injury (2013)

Despite much debate in the baseball community about the curveball's safety in youth pitchers, limited biomechanical and most epidemiologic data do not indicate an increased risk of injury when compared with the fastball.
Unfolding and refolding occur much faster for a proline-free proteins than for most proline-containing proteins. (1977)

The kinetics for unfolding and refolding of a parvalbumin (band 5) have been examined as a function of pH near the transition region, using stopped-flow techniques. This protein is rather unusual in that it has no proline residues, and therefore serves as a good example to test the hypothesis that the rate-limiting step seen in denaturation reactions is due to the cis-trans isomerization of proline peptide bonds in the denatured state. The kinetics for parvalbumin unfolding and refolding are complex, with the data being resolvable into two fast phases at 25 degrees. The slower of the two phases seen for the parvalbumin is about 100 to 500 times faster than the slow phase seen for proline-containing proteins under the same conditions! These results argue strongly in support of the proline isomerization hypothesis. It is also suggested that the slower phase seen for parvalbumin and the second-slowest phase seen for proline-containing proteins might be due to the cis-trans isomerization of peptide bonds of non-proline residues.
Stereolatency: A Stereopsis Test for Everyday Depth Perception (1992)

An instrument is described which tests for the use of stereopsis by measuring how long it takes for depth perception to begin (its latency) after a transition from monocular to binocular vision. Starting at 1 s, the duration of binocular vision is reduced progressively toward a limit of 16 ms (or increased to a limit of 4 s) until the latency of stereopsis is found. The preliminary period of monocular vision acts as a probe for suppression of either eye and allows time for accommodation and vergence to stabilize before binocular vision begins. Typical results are presented.
Effects of thermomechanical treatment on phase development and properties of Ag-sheathed Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconducting tapes (1993)

The effects of thermomechanical treatment, starting composition, and Ag addition on microstructure and corresponding critical current density (Jc) of Ag sheathed Bi1.8Pb0.4Sr2Ca2.2Cu3Ox (BSCCO) superconductor tapes made by a powder-in-tube technique have been studied. It was observed that for sintering in a 10% flowing oxygen atmosphere, 835-840 degrees C is the optimum processing temperature range for improved Jc. Above this temperature range, although the grain alignment increases, the content of 2223 phase decreases, resulting in a corresponding decrease in Jc. The tapes were subjected to repeated thermomechanical treatment of pressing and sintering. These thermomechanical treatments resulted in increased grain size and alignment, and increased content of 2223 phase, leading to increased Jc. X-ray analysis suggests that the 2212 phase reacts with non-superconducting phases, such as CaCuO2, (SrCa)2CuO3, CaO, and CuO, to form the 2223 phase. Furthermore, addition of Ag to a superconducting BSCCO core slightly improved Jc without adversely affecting the transition temperature of a Ag-sheathed BSCCO tape.
Binding of zinc to bovine and human milk proteins (1989)

Zn binding by whole bovine and human casein and by purified bovine caseins and whey proteins was investigated by equilibrium dialysis. Bovine alpha s1-casein had the greatest Zn-binding capacity (approximately 11 atoms Zn/mol). Protein aggregation was observed as Zn concentration was increased and the protein precipitated at a free Zn concentration of 1.7 mM. Zn binding increased with increasing pH in the range 5.4-7.0 and decreased with increasing ionic strength. Competition between Zn and Ca was observed for binding to alpha s1-casein indicating common binding sites for these two metals. Bovine beta-casein bound up to 8 atoms Zn/mol and precipitated at a free Zn concentration of approximately 2.5 mM, while kappa-casein bound 1-2 atoms Zn/mol. Whole bovine and human casein bound 5-8 atoms Zn/mol and precipitated at a free Zn concentration of approximately 2.0 mM. Scatchard plots for Zn binding to caseins showed upward convexity, possibly due to Zn-induced association of caseins. Apparent average association constants (Kapp) for all caseins were similar (log Kapp 3.0-3.2). Enzymic dephosphorylation of alpha s1- or whole bovine casein markedly reduced, but did not eliminate, Zn binding. Thus, phosphoserine residues appeared to be the primary Zn-binding sites in caseins. With the exception of bovine serum albumin, which bound over 8 atoms Zn/mol, the bovine whey proteins, beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin and lactotransferrin, had little capacity for Zn binding.
Expedient Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Bipinnatin J. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A cyclic disulfurane with sulfur-oxygen, sulfur-carbon, and/or sulfur-nitrogen bonds. 3. Some new cyclic S,S-bis(trifluoromethyl)catecholatosulfur(IV) compounds (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA cyclic disulfurane with sulfur-oxygen, sulfur-carbon, and/or sulfur-nitrogen bonds. 3. Some new cyclic S,S-bis(trifluoromethyl)catecholatosulfur(IV) compoundsTomoya Kitazume and Jean'ne M. ShreeveCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 3, 985–987Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00471a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00471a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reliefanalyse als Mittel für eine objektivere Abgrenzung von Bodengroßlandschaften (2011)

Bodengroßlandschaften (BGL) und Bodenregionen (BR) sind als hierarchische Gliederungsebene für die Erstellung klein- und mittelmaßstäbiger Bodenkarten von Bedeutung. Dabei sind BGL und BR wichtige Hilfsmittel für eine systematische Integration von Bodendaten unterschiedlicher Herkunft, z.B. aus verschiedenen Bundesländern oder bei der Erstellung einer Europaweit einheitlichen Bodenübersichtskarte. Zunehmend wichtig werden Grenzen von BGL und BR auch bei der Kopplung von Bodeninformationen aus Karten und Inventurdaten mit Modellszenarien, wie sie z.B. bei der Bewertung von Kohlenstoffvorräten in Waldböden (ZIRLEWAGEN & VON WILPERT 2010) oder bei der Abschätzung von Folgen des Klimawandels benötigt werden. \n\nSolche Modelle liefern häufig bessere Ergebnisse, wenn eine landschaftsspezifische Eichung erfolgen kann.\nDie Definitionen von BGL, wie sie gegenwärtig in der Bodenkundlichen Kartieranleitung (KA5) zu finden sind, werden diesen Anforderungen nicht gerecht. Zum einen sind die Definitionen häufig nicht eindeutig und lassen dem Bearbeiter bei der Abgrenzung viel Spielraum. Zum anderen ist der methodische Ansatz problematisch, BGL zunächst "aus kleinmaßstäbigen Grundlagendaten "top-down" abzugrenzen. Gegenwärtig werden daher bei der BGR Vorschläge für eine verbesserte Definierung und Abgrenzung der BGL als Diskussionsgrundlage entworfen. Dabei werden u.a. auch Möglichkeiten der GIS-gestützten Analyse von digitalen Höhenmodelldaten untersucht, um den reliefbezogenen Anteil der BGL-Grenzen zu modellieren.
Recent developments in distillation (1989)

Within the past decade several significant developments have occurred in distillation technology applied to petroleum refining and chemical processing. Most of them can be grouped into three general categories: New design practices, New contacting devices and new applications for existing contacting devices, and New troubleshooting techniques. This paper highlights some of these developments.
Helminth secretions induce de novo T cell Foxp3 expression and regulatory function through the TGF-β pathway (2010)

Foxp3-expressing regulatory T (T reg) cells have been implicated in parasite-driven inhibition of host immunity during chronic infection. We addressed whether parasites can directly induce T reg cells. Foxp3 expression was stimulated in naive Foxp3⁻ T cells in mice infected with the intestinal helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus. In vitro, parasite-secreted proteins (termed H. polygyrus excretory-secretory antigen [HES]) induced de novo Foxp3 expression in fluorescence-sorted Foxp3⁻ splenocytes from Foxp3-green fluorescent protein reporter mice. HES-induced T reg cells suppressed both in vitro effector cell proliferation and in vivo allergic airway inflammation. HES ligated the transforming growth factor (TGF) β receptor and promoted Smad2/3 phosphorylation. Foxp3 induction by HES was lost in dominant-negative TGF-βRII cells and was abolished by the TGF-β signaling inhibitor SB431542. This inhibitor also reduced worm burdens in H. polygyrus-infected mice. HES induced IL-17 in the presence of IL-6 but did not promote Th1 or Th2 development under any conditions. Importantly, antibody to mammalian TGF-β did not recognize HES, whereas antisera that inhibited HES did not affect TGF-β. Foxp3 was also induced by secreted products of Teladorsagia circumcincta, a related nematode which is widespread in ruminant animals. We have therefore identified a novel pathway through which helminth parasites may stimulate T reg cells, which is likely to be a key part of the parasite's immunological relationship with the host.
Effective-medium theory of percolation on central-force elastic networks (1985)

We show that effective-medium theory gives an excellent description of regular lattices when nearest-neighbor central-force springs are present with probability p. Effective-medium theory shows that all the elastic constants go to zero at ${p}_{\mathrm{cen}={\mathrm{dp}}_{c}}$ where d is the dimension and ${p}_{c}$ is the effective-medium estimate of the ordinary percolation threshold.
ArrayProcessing inthePresence ofInter-Sensor MutualCoupling (2006)

Inthispaperthesubject ofinter-sensor coupling in antenna arrays anditseffect on source-localization performance isaddressed. A newapproach fordirect calculation oftheport noise covariance matrix inantenna arrays ispresented. Theproposed approach isbasedon applying thetheory ofnoisy linear networks inantenna arrays using themethodofmoments(MoM)impedance matrix toaccount forthenoise mutual coupling between thearray elements. Thenoise modelconsiders boththe external noise sources fromsky, ground andinterference andinternal noise sources fromamplifiers andloads. The theoryisdemonstrated in thesourcelocalization performance analysis ofa vector-sensor antenna array, andofanewly presented twoorthogonal loop vector wire antenna. Itisshownthat thenoise coupling inantenna arrays maysubstantially alter thebehavior ofthearray andshould betaken into account inthedesign process andintheperformance evaluation ofthearray.
Plastic deformation of gallium arsenide micropillars under uniaxial compression at room temperature (2007)

The authors have experimentally investigated the compressive strength of GaAs pillars with a diameter of 1μm by uniaxial compression tests. The tests were performed at room temperature and, contrary to macroscopic tests, the micropillars were found to exhibit ductile plasticity comparable to that of metal single crystal micropillars. The yield stress was 1.8±0.4GPa and, for one pillar that was more closely examined, a total deformation of 24% was observed. In the diffraction patterns from transmission electron microscopy studies of this pillar, a high density of twins was observed.
Robotic situational awareness of actions in human teaming (2015)

When robots can sense and interpret the activities of the people they are working with, they become more of a team member and less of just a piece of equipment. This has motivated work on recognizing human actions using existing robotic sensors like short-range ladar imagers. These produce three-dimensional point cloud movies which can be analyzed for structure and motion information. We skeletonize the human point cloud and apply a physics-based velocity correlation scheme to the resulting joint motions. The twenty actions are then recognized using a nearest-neighbors classifier that achieves good accuracy.
EFFECT OF CONTROLLED CONDITIONS DURING DEEP BED FERMENTATION AND DRYING ON ROOIBOS TEA (ASPALATHUS LINEARIS) QUALITY (1998)

Small-scale processing of rooibos tea was achieved under controlled conditions of bruising, fermentation and drying. The effects of aeration, fermentation time, fermentation temperature and drying method on rooibos quality were investigated, using plant material that was stored at −30C after harvesting and comminution. Adequate aeration significantly improved rooibos quality. Overall quality improved significantly with increasing fermentation time, mainly due to an improvement in taste. Fermentation temperature did not affect quality significantly. Freezing of the plant material before processing was detrimental to quality, resulting in some instances in a Standard grade infusion with a grassy aroma and an astringent taste that is indicative of under-fermented rooibos. Choice grade rooibos with a flat, “thin” taste and a poorly developed sweet aroma was obtained in a few cases. The drying method (deep bed versus thin layer) did not affect overall quality significantly.
Mass Spectrometry in Structural and Stereochemical Problems. CXII.<sup>1</sup> Fragmentation of Two Bicyclic Amines on Electron Impact<sup>2a</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMass Spectrometry in Structural and Stereochemical Problems. CXII.1 Fragmentation of Two Bicyclic Amines on Electron Impact2aDavid S. Weinberg and Carl DjerassiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 11, 3832–3833Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01349a501https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01349a501research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
THE 1-(2,3-DICHLOROPHENYL)-PIPERAZINE-TO-ARIPIPRAZOLE RATIO AT STEADY STATE IN RATS AND SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS (2006)

Aripiprazole metabolism includes N-dealkylation to 1-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-piperazine which was present as a minor metabolite in serum of eight schizophrenic outpatients taking 5-15 mg/day. As phenylpiperazines concentrate in the brain, causing serotonin receptor-related effects, the authors examined the compounds’ concentrations in brain of rats given 10 mg/kg aripiprazole dihydrochloride orally, approximately every half-life for five half-lives, and evaluated the metabolite-to-parent drug ratio at steady state. The metabolite had higher brain uptake (about 26) than aripiprazole (about 5) and therefore the metabolite-to-parent drug ratio was higher in brain (0.43 ± 0.07, on molar basis) than in blood (0.08 ± 0.01). However, assuming that the compounds concentrate in human brain to the same extent as in the rat, one can conclude that at the site of action the metabolite represents only about 6% of aripiprazole. It is therefore conceivable that the metabolite contributes to the central effects of aripiprazole for rats, but this is unlikely for patients taking therapeutic doses.
Rad5 dysregulation drives hyperactive recombination at replication forks resulting in cisplatin sensitivity and genome instability (2019)

The postreplication repair gene, HLTF, is often amplified and overexpressed in cancer. Here we model HLTF dysregulation through the functionally conserved Saccharomyces cerevisiae ortholog, RAD5. Genetic interaction profiling and landscape enrichment analysis of RAD5 overexpression (RAD5OE) reveals requirements for genes involved in recombination, crossover resolution, and DNA replication. While RAD5OE and rad5Δ both cause cisplatin sensitivity and share many genetic interactions, RAD5OE specifically requires crossover resolving genes and drives recombination in a region of repetitive DNA. Remarkably, RAD5OE induced recombination does not require other post-replication repair pathway members, or the PCNA modification sites involved in regulation of this pathway. Instead, the RAD5OE phenotype depends on a conserved domain necessary for binding 3' DNA ends. Analysis of DNA replication intermediates supports a model in which dysregulated Rad5 causes aberrant template switching at replication forks. The direct effect of Rad5 on replication forks in vivo, increased recombination, and cisplatin sensitivity predicts similar consequences for dysregulated HLTF in cancer.
2-Chloro-4-amino-1,3,5-triazine-6(5H)-one: a new intermediate in the biodegradation of chlorinated s-triazines (1984)

Pseudomonas sp. strain A grew with 2-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-4,6-diamine as the sole and growth-limiting source of nitrogen. The substrate was utilized quantitatively and concomitantly with growth and with excretion of a product which was identified as 2-chloro-4-amino-1,3,5-triazine-6(5H)-one. The reaction yielded 1 mol of organic product and 1 mol of NH4+ per mol of substrate.
Innovative Poly(Ionic Liquid)s by the Polymerization of Deep Eutectic Monomers (2016)

The incorporation of ionic liquid (IL) chemistry into functional polymers has extended the properties and applications of polyelectrolytes. However, ILs are expensive due to the presence of fluorinated anions or complicated synthetic steps which limit their technological viability. Here, we show a new family of poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) which are based in cheap and renewable chemicals and involves facile synthetic approaches. Thus, deep eutectic monomers (DEMs) are prepared for the first time by using quaternary ammonium compounds and various hydrogen bond donors such as citric acid, terephthalic acid or an amidoxime. The deep eutectic formation is made through a simple mixing of the ingredients. Differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and computational studies reveal the formation of the DEMs due to the ionic interactions. The resulting DEMs are liquid which facilitates their polymerization using mild photopolymerization or polycondensation strategies. Spectroscopic characterizations reveal the successful formation of the polymers. By this way, a new family of PILs can be synthesized which can be used for different applications. As an example, the polymers show promising performance as solid CO2 sorbents. Altogether the deep eutectic monomer route can lead to non-toxic, cheap and easy-to-prepare alternatives to current PILs for different applications.