gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A human in vivo method for assessing reduction of the irritation potential of sodium lauryl sulfate by mild surfactants : validation with an ether carboxylate with two different degrees of ethoxylation (1992)

An in vivo method devised for studying reduction of the irritation potential of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) by added surfactants was validated using an ether carboxylate with two different degrees of ethoxylation. The method involved a two-hour occlusive patching procedure on five consecutive days accompanied by multiple instrumental measurements. Various aqueous solutions combining 1.0% SLS with sodium laureth-5 carboxylate (SLEC-5) or sodium laureth- 13 carboxylate (SLEC- 13) in molar ratios from 1:0.08 to 1:1.00 were applied using Hill Top © chambers on the panelists' lower backs. Measurements of transepidermal water loss, electrical conductance, laser Doppler flowmetry and skin color reflectance were performed. In addition, the skin was visually graded for erythema. A data reduction system was devised to handle the large number of data points. To accomplish this, the degree of skin response caused by 1.0% SLS was used as the reference standard. For each evaluation method, on each day and for each panelist, the molar ratio which induced 50% of the SLS value was used to derive a mean molar ratio for each group of six panelists. The mean molar ratio (i.e., the proportion of SLEC-5 or -13 to neutralize 1.0% SLS) reflects the effectiveness of the ether carboxylate in reducing the SLS irritancy potential. The molar proportions that induced signs of irritation changed with successive patch applications, and increasing amounts of the ether carboxylate were needed to overcome the effects of SLS. Although both SLEC-5 and -13 exerted beneficial effects in reducing SLS irritancy potential, it was clearly demonstrated that SLEC-13 (i.e., the higher ethoxylated surfactant) was more effective in modifying the irritancy potential of SLS than SLEC-5. The various evaluation methods generally showed good correlation but differed somewhat in sensitivity. The method appears to provide the requisite specificity and sensitivity to discriminate differences in the irritancy potential of surfactant mixtures containing SLS.
Alternative Oxidase in Durum Wheat Mitochondria. Activation by Pyruvate, Hydroxypyruvate and Glyoxylate and Physiological Role (2001)

In order to gain a first insight into the alternative oxidase (AO) function in durum wheat mitochondria (DWM), we investigated some activation pathways of this enzyme in DWM purified from both etiolated shoots and green leaves. AO was activated when DWM were added with either pyruvate, known as an AO activator in other plant mitochondria, or alanine plus 2-oxoglutarate, which can generate intramitochondrial pyruvate and glutamate via transamination. In contrast, no AO activity was observed during oxidation of malate plus glutamate or succinate (which can generate malate). In this regard DWM differ from other plant mitochondria. Moreover, DWM were found: (i) to have a very low malic enzyme (ME) activity, (ii) to release oxaloacetate rather than pyruvate during malate oxidation and (iii) to poorly oxidise malate in the absence of glutamate, which removes oxaloacetate via transamination. Therefore, we show that, unlike other plant mitochondria, no pyruvate is generated inside DWM from malate via ME, allowing no AO activity. Other AO activators, alternative to pyruvate, were checked by evaluating the capability of several compounds to induce oxygen uptake and/or electrical membrane potential (Delta Psi) in cyanide-treated DWM. Hydroxypyruvate and glyoxylate, photorespiratory cycle intermediates, were found to be powerful AO activators, capable of inducing a maximal rate of cyanide-insensitive oxygen uptake 1.7 times and 2.3 times higher than pyruvate, respectively. These results suggest that in durum wheat a link may exist between AO activity and photorespiratory metabolism rather than malate metabolism. Moreover, we observed that AO activation resulted in both a partially coupled respiration and a reduction by half of the rate of superoxide anion generation; therefore, AO is expected to work as an antioxidative defence system when the photorespiratory cycle is highly active, as under environmental stress.
Comparison of a once Daily with a twice Daily Subcutaneous Low Molecular Weight Heparin Regimen in the Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis (1998)

A nadroparin regimen of one injection per day is at least as effective and safe as the same total daily dose divided over two injections for the treatment of acute deep vein thrombosis.
Fast fault detection for power distribution systems (2003)

The main topic of this licentiate thesis is fast faultdetection. The thesis summaries the work performed in theprojectFast fault detection for distributionsystems. In the first chapters of the thesis the termfastis used in a general manner. The term is laterdefined based upon considerations and conclusions made in thefirst chapters and then related to a specific time. To be able to understand and appreciate why fast faultdetection is necessary, power system faults and theirconsequences are briefly discussed. The consequences of a faultare dependent of a number of different factors, one of thefactors being the duration of the fault. The importance of the speed of the fault detection dependson the type of equipment used to clear the fault. A circuitbreaker which interrupt currents only when they pass through anatural zero crossing might be less dependent on the speed ofthe fault detection than a fault current limiter which limitsthe fault current before it has reached its first prospectivecurrent peak. In order to be able to detect a fault in a power system, thepower system must be observed, i.e., measurements of relevantquantities must be performed so that the fault detectionequipment can obtain information of the state of the system.The fault detection equipment and some general methods of faultdetection are briefly described. Some algorithms and their possible adaptation to fast faultdetection are described. A common principle of many algorithmsare that they assume that either a signal or the power systemobject can be described by a model. Sampled data values arethen fitted to the model so that an estimate of relevantparameters needed for fault detection is obtained. An algorithmwhich do not fit samples to a model but use instantaneouscurrent values for fault detection is also described andevaluated. Since the exact state of a power system never is known dueto variations in power production and load, a model of thepower system or of the signal can never be perfect, i.e., theestimated parameter can never be truly correct. Furthermore,errors from the data acquisition system contribute to the totalerror of the estimated parameter. Two case studies are used to study the performance of the(modified) algorithms. For those studies it has been shown thatthe algorithms can detect a fault within approximately 1msafter fault inception and that one of the algorithms candiscriminate between a fault and two types of common powersystem transients (capacitor and transformer energization). The second case study introduced a system with two sourceswhich required a directional algorithm to discriminate betweenfaults inside or outside the protection zone. It is concluded that under certain assumptions it ispossible to detect power system faults within approximately 1msand that it is possible to discriminate a power system faultfrom power system transient that regularly occurs within powersystems but which not are faults.
Towards developing a unified multimodal image retrieval framework (2009)

Built upon the previous work on automatic image annotation and multimodal image retrieval, in this paper we present a unified multimodal image retrieval framework, called UPMIR. The contributions of this paper include: (1) the development of the UPMIR framework; and (2) extensive evaluations of UPMIR including evaluations against a state-of-the-art image retrieval system in a large scale, visually and semantically diverse database crawled from the Web to demonstrate that UPMIR not only has more effective and efficient retrieval performance, but also facilitates more enhanced retrieval modalities.
A CAR DETECTION SYSTEM USING NEURAL NETWORK FOR IMAGE PROCESSING (1992)

Describes an image processing system using neural networks at the image analysis stage. This system is applicable for vehicle detection.
P‐12: A New a‐Si:H TFT Pixel Design Compensating Threshold Voltage Degradation of TFT and OLED (2004)

Abstract A new active matrix organic light emitting diode (AM‐OLED) pixel design, based on the a‐Si:H TFTs, is proposed and verified by SPICE simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed pixel, which consists of 7‐TFT and 1‐capacitor and 1‐additional signal line, compensates the problem of the threshold voltage degradation in the a‐Si:H TFT and OLED.
Polarizing and reflective coatings based on half-wave layer pairs (1997)

The majority of the layers of a multilayer optical coating typically have optical thicknesses equal to one quarter of the appropriate wavelength of radiation. Replacing this constraint with the stipulation that a pair of adjacent layers should have a total optical thickness of one half of a wavelength introduces a significant new component of design flexibility while having a minimal impact upon the desired optical properties of the film. Taking a matrix approach, we derive a general expression for the reflectance of a periodic thin-film structure that is based on layers of two different materials of arbitrary thickness. This result is applied to highly reflective coatings at normal incidence and to off-normal polarizing coatings. Specific results involving HfO(2)/SiO(2) films and TiO(2)/SiO(2) films are displayed. We discuss how the thickness of the high-index layers may be reduced to increase damage thresholds. We also show a mirror design that is effective not only at lambda = 1.06 mum but also at the frequency-doubled wavelength.
Effective Android : アプリケーション開発を効率化する39のテクニック集 (2014)

第１部 Ｕｓｅｒ Ｉｎｔｅｒｆａｃｅ 第２部 Ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ 第３部 Ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ Ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ 第４部 Ｕｓｅ ｔｈｅ Ｌｉｂｒａｒｙ 第５部 Ａｎｄｒｏｉｄ Ｐｌａｔｆｏｒｍ 第６部 Ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ（ｎｏｔ）Ａｎｄｒｏｉｄ
Quantitative combination effects between sulforaphane and 3,3′-diindolylmethane on proliferation of human colon cancer cells in vitro (2007)

Isothiocyanates (ITCs) and indoles derived from cruciferous vegetables possess growth-inhibiting and apoptosis-inducing activities in cancer cell lines in vitro. ITCs like sulforaphane (SFN) are cytotoxic, whereas indoles including indole-3-carbinol or its condensation product 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) are acting by cytostatic mechanisms in human colon cancer cell lines. In the present study, we have investigated the impact of defined combinations of SFN and DIM (ratio 1:4, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 and 4:1) on cell proliferation, cell-cycle progression and apoptosis induction in cultured 40-16 colon carcinoma cells. Calculations of combination effects were based on the method of Chou et al. (1984) Adv. Enzyme Regul., 22, 27-55, and were expressed as a combination index (CI) with CI < 1, CI = 1 or CI > 1 representing synergism, additivity or antagonism, respectively. Interestingly, at a total drug concentration of 2.5 microM, all combinations of SFN and DIM were antagonistic. With increasing concentrations, the antagonistic effect gradually turned into a synergistic interaction at the highest combined cytotoxic concentration of 40 microM. Cell-cycle analyses with SFN:DIM ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4 and total concentrations between 10 and 25 microM confirmed antagonism at low and additive effects at higher doses. SFN (10 microM) in combination with DIM (10 microM) resulted in strong G(2)/M cell-cycle arrest, which was not observed with either compound alone. Our results indicate that cytotoxic concentrations of SFN:DIM combinations affect cell proliferation synergistically. At low total concentrations (below 20 microM), which are physiologically more relevant, the combined broccoli compounds showed antagonistic interactions in terms of cell growth inhibition. These data stress the need for elucidating mechanistic interactions for better predicting beneficial health effects of bioactive food components.
Nitric Oxide Transiently Converts Synaptic Inhibition to Excitation in Retinal Amacrine Cells (2006)

Nitric oxide (NO) is generated by multiple cell types in the vertebrate retina, including amacrine cells. We investigate the role of NO in the modulation of synaptic function using a culture system containing identified retinal amacrine cells. We find that moderate concentrations of NO alter GABA(A) receptor function to produce an enhancement of the GABA-gated current. Higher concentrations of NO also enhance GABA-gated currents, but this enhancement is primarily due to a substantial positive shift in the reversal potential of the current. Several pieces of evidence, including a similar effect on glycine-gated currents, indicate that the positive shift is due to an increase in cytosolic Cl-. This change in the chloride distribution is especially significant because it can invert the sign of GABA- and glycine-gated voltage responses. Furthermore, current- and voltage-clamp recordings from synaptic pairs of GABAergic amacrine cells demonstrate that NO transiently converts signaling at GABAergic synapses from inhibition to excitation. Persistence of the NO-induced shift in E(Cl-) in the absence of extracellular Cl- indicates that the increase in cytosolic Cl- is due to release of Cl- from an internal store. An NO-dependent release of Cl- from an internal store is also demonstrated for rat hippocampal neurons indicating that this mechanism is not restricted to the avian retina. Thus signaling in the CNS can be fundamentally altered by an NO-dependent mobilization of an internal Cl- store.
Halogen mobility in S N2 reactions of carbonyl compounds. Comparisons with aromatic halogen mobility (1985)

Kinetic studies, using conductimetric techniques, have been carried out for isopropanolysis (solvolysis) reactions of some alkanoyl, benzoyl, and perfluoroalkanoyl halides, viz. butanoyl and benzoyl fluorides, chlorides, and bromides and perfluoropentanoyl fluoride and chloride. The halogen mobility orders, F Cl < Br, have been compared with mobility patterns recognised for SN reactions at saturated and aromatic carbon, and have been discussed in mechanistic terms. The substrate class reactivity order is perfluoroalkanoyl benzoyl, alkanoyl. The actual ratios depend on which halogen is displaced, the ratios being larger in displacement of fluorine.
High‐resolution cytometry of FISH dots in interphase cell nuclei (1999)

Thus, using overnight acquisition, quantities comparable to those of FCM or LSCM measurements can be analyzed with an accuracy comparable to confocal microscopy. HRCM is suitable for a number of clinical and scientific tasks: routine diagnostics, follow-up of therapy, studies of chromatin structure, and many other different aspects of cell research.
Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson’s Disease: From James Parkinson to the Concept of Prodromal Disease (2018)

The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is based on clinical features and differently to the common opinion that detecting this condition is easy, seminal clinicopathological studies have shown that up one-fourth of patients diagnosed as PD during life has an alternative diagnosis at postmortem. The misdiagnosis is even higher when only the initial diagnosis is considered, since the diagnostic accuracy improves by time, during follow-up visits. Given that the confirmation of the diagnosis of PD can be only obtained through neuropathology, to improve and facilitate the diagnostic-therapeutic workup in PD, a number of criteria and guidelines have been introduced in the last three decades. In the present paper, we will critically re-appraise the main diagnostic criteria proposed for PD, with particular attention to the recently published criteria by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) task force, underlying their novelty and focusing on the diagnostic issues still open. We also emphasize that the MDS-PD criteria encompass the two main previous sets of diagnostic criteria (United Kingdom PD Society Brain Bank and Gelb's criteria), introducing at the same time new aspects as the use of non-motor symptoms as additional diagnostic features, and the adoption of the concept of prodromal PD, crucial to enroll in clinical trials PD patients in the very early phase of the disease. To better understand the real diffusion of the new MDS-PD diagnostic criteria among neurologists, we have also collected selective opinions of sixteen movement disorder experts from various world regions on their practical approach for the clinical diagnosis of PD. Results from this brief survey showed that, although innovative and complete, the revised diagnostic criteria produced by MDS task force are still scarcely employed among clinicians. We believe that both national and international scientific societies should operate in the future for a broader diffusion of these criteria with specific initiatives, including dedicated events and teaching courses.
An Effective Prefetching Technique for Location-Based Services with PPM (2006)

Location-Based Services (LBS) are available on hand-held devices and become a field of active research since the recent advances in wireless communication and mobile environment. Due to the constraints of bandwidth of network, space of storage and energy of battery in the mobile client, slow information transformation between client and server declines the quality of LBS. The techniques of caching and prefetching information is usually adapted to increase the performance of information transformation. However, almost of current techniques of caching and prefetching uses the static metrics to guide the operations of the techniques. In this paper, we adapt the technique of Predication by Partial Match (PPM) to capture the dynamic behavior of drivers applied to the service route guidance. An experiment was conducted to compare the performance of our approach and that of with fixed probabilities. It is observed that PPM had a better effect in capturing the popular phenomena then the fixed probabilities.
Design of metronidazole derivatives and flavonoids as potential non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors using combined ligand- and structure-based approaches (2019)

Acquired Immuno Defficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is one of the major global life threatening condition caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and its prevalence has been increasing every year. Hence, this study has put its emphasis on HIV. Inhibition of Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase (NNRT) is considered as a well-developed target for HIV. Structure-based pharmacophore model was generated using the Phase tool of Schrodinger and screened database of metronidazole derivatives, flavonoids and metronidazole-flavonoid hybrid molecules. Compounds having good fitness score with similar pharmacophoric features as that of the Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) in market or clinical trials and metronidazole derivatives with reported anti-HIV activity are taken for molecular docking and rescoring by Glide and Prime tools. Hybrid molecules demonstrated good docking score and similar binding interactions as that of reference drugs. From Prime MM-GBSA rescoring, free binding energy was found less and protein-ligand complexes were stabilized with van der Waals free energy and nonpolar solvation terms. Further, atom-based QSAR model of reported metronidazole derivatives as NNRTIs was developed with good statistical values to further refine the database. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity prediction of the top compounds using some free wares like pkCSM and SwissADME reported that identified top compounds have good ADMET profile for oral administration, safe excretion and less toxicity. Study suggests that metronidazole-flavonoid hybrid molecules can be taken as lead molecule for further biological screening and has scope in future drug discovery as safe and potential NNRTIs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
The Protein-DNA Interface database (2010)

The Protein-DNA Interface database (PDIdb) is a repository containing relevant structural information of Protein-DNA complexes solved by X-ray crystallography and available at the Protein Data Bank. The database includes a simple functional classification of the protein-DNA complexes that consists of three hierarchical levels: Class, Type and Subtype. This classification has been defined and manually curated by humans based on the information gathered from several sources that include PDB, PubMed, CATH, SCOP and COPS. The current version of the database contains only structures with resolution of 2.5 A or higher, accounting for a total of 922 entries. The major aim of this database is to contribute to the understanding of the main rules that underlie the molecular recognition process between DNA and proteins. To this end, the database is focused on each specific atomic interface rather than on the separated binding partners. Therefore, each entry in this database consists of a single and independent protein-DNA interface.We hope that PDIdb will be useful to many researchers working in fields such as the prediction of transcription factor binding sites in DNA, the study of specificity determinants that mediate enzyme recognition events, engineering and design of new DNA binding proteins with distinct binding specificity and affinity, among others. Finally, due to its friendly and easy-to-use web interface, we hope that PDIdb will also serve educational and teaching purposes.
Conservation of plant genes : DNA banking and in vitro biotechnology (1992)

Contributors - DNA bank-net workshop participants. Efforts to conserve tropical plants, V.H. Heywood the gene library - preservation and analysis of genetic diversity Australasia, J.S. Mattick et al floristic diversity, botanical exploration and the establishment of a germplasm bank for conservation the neotropic - the Columbian view, L. Atehortua the economic impact of novel genes plant biotechnology - not without strong intellectual property rights, S.C. Price germplasm conservation and economic development, L.A. Barreto de Castro feasibility of obtaining comparative gene sequence data from preserved and fossil materials, D.E. Giannasi prospects of accessing DNA banks for the isolation of genes encoding biologically active proteins, R.A. Dixon and N.L. Paiva the discovery of medicines and forest conservation, J.S. Miller and S.J. Brewer preservation of DNA plant specimens from tropical species by dessication, R.P. Adams et al some possible applications of molecular genetics the conservation of wild species for crop improvement, T. Hodgkin and D.G. Debouck freeze-preservation of embryonic musa suspension cultures, B. Panis et al cryoconservation of musa spp. and its potential for long-term storage of other tropical crops, V.M. Villalobos and A. Abdelnour chromosome variation callus culture of gossypium hirsutum, Z. Sijun DNA polymorphism wheat and its relatives, L.P.P. Strelchenko et al in situ conservation of plants with potential economic value, C.C. Heyn and M. Waldman screening valuable genes from wild species of plants, L. Zhong-Ping et al the status of rare and endangered plants China and efforts for their protection, M. Cheng et al transportation of plant materials out of developing countries, D. Abbiw studies of the rare and endangered plant species the Yunnan region of China, Z. Hu and Q. Wu current status of plant genetic resources Ethiopia, A. Demissie conservation of plant diversity Japan, K. Iwatsuki status of forest conservation for maintenance of biodiversity Nigeria, Z.O. Gbile indigenous flora conservation Kenya, T.K. Mukiama. DNA bank-net directory. Index.