gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of [(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>P−H]<sup>+</sup> Complexes in Normal H-Y, Dealuminated H-Y, and H-ZSM-5 Zeolites Using <sup>31</sup>P Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy (1999)

Trimethylphosphine reacts with protons in acidic zeolites to form [(CH3)3P−H]+ complexes within the cavities and channels. The mobility of the protonated adduct strongly depends on the available space, which is a function of the amount of (CH3)3P in the zeolite and the size of the guest molecule relative to the cavity or channel dimensions. In an H-Y zeolite containing one molecule per large cavity, the motion is sufficiently rapid to average out a large P−H dipolar interaction, such that even in a static NMR experiment the lines due to JP-H coupling are well resolved. The motional rate is greater than 100 kHz. By contrast, the geometric constraints imposed by the smaller channels in ZSM-5, which are comparable in size to trimethylphosphine, severely restrict the motion. The chemical shift and J coupling values were determined for H-ZSM-5 and dealuminated H-Y zeolites, which are known to be strongly acidic, and for a normal H-Y zeolite, which is less acidic. The 31P chemical shift values were the same within experimental error, but a smaller J coupling in H-ZSM-5 is opposite from what one might expect on the basis of the extent of proton donation. The latter observation suggests that other factors, such as the radius of curvature of the cavities and channels, may play a role in acid−base interactions.
Numerical study of turbulent flow with heat removal from a flat plate using the finite volume‐based method of lines (2001)

A hybrid computational method has been developed for the calculation of momentum and heat transfer in turbulent boundary layer flows along flat plates. The proposed method, the finite volume‐based method of lines, replaces a partial differential equation and two independent variables by a system of ordinary differential equations of first order and one independent variable. Using the simplest assumptions for modeling the turbulent diffusivity of momentum and heat, the system of differential equations may be readily integrated with a fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta algorithm. To validate the numerical predictions, comparisons with experimental data for air have been done in terms of axial velocities, temperatures, skin friction coefficients and Stanton numbers. For the wide range of Reynolds numbers tested, the hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics of turbulent air flows are predicted correctly.
Space‐time distribution in filling a mold (1987)

Abstract The residence time of a fluid particle in mold filling is total time spent in the mold. Displaying curves of constant residence time in the mold gives the space‐time distribution during the filling process. A simple method to calculate space‐time distributions is presented. Applications to mold filling in reaction injection molding (RIM) are illustrated.
Embedded Fragments from U.S. Military Personnel—Chemical Analysis and Potential Health Implications (2014)

The present study provides a systematic approach for obtaining a full chemical characterization of retained embedded fragments. Given the vast number of combat casualties with retained fragments, it is expected that fragment analysis will have significant implications for the optimal short and long-term care of wounded service members.
P3 microengine development at Washington State University. (2004)

There is a pressing need for miniaturized power systems for a variety of applications requiring a long life in the field of operations. Such power systems are required to be capable of providing power for months to years of operation, which all but eliminates battery technologies and technologies that bring their own fuel systems (except for nuclear fuel systems, which have their own drawbacks) due to constraints of having the all of the chemical fuel necessary for the entire life of the operational run available at the starting point of the operation. Alternatively, harvesting energy directly from the local environment obviates this need for bringing along all of the fuel necessary for operation. Instead, locally available energy, either in the form of chemical, thermal, light, or motion can be harvested and converted into electrical energy for use in sensor applications. The work from this LDRD is focused on developing a thermal engine that can take scavenged thermal gradients and convert them into direct electrical energy. The converter system is a MEMS based external combustion engine that uses a modified Stirling cycle to generate mechanical work on a piezoelectric generator. This piezoelectric generator then produced an AC voltage and current that can be delivered into an external load. The MEMS engine works on the conversion of a two phase working fluid trapped between two deformable membranes. As heat is added to the system, the liquid working fluid is converted to a gas, which exerts pneumatic pressure on the membranes, expanding them outward. This outward expansion continues after the heat input is removed when the engine is operated at resonance, since the membrane is expanded further due to inertial forces. Finally, the engine cools and heat rejection is accomplished through the membranes, closing the thermodynamic cycle. A piezoelectric generator stack is deposited on one of the membranes, and this generator extracts the strain energy work from the membrane expansion and generates electrical work. The overall system is pulsed by an electrical heater to generate the input heat pulse. Currently, the system has a resonant frequency that is in the low kilohertz regime, but operations under a dynamic damping have demonstrated operation at resonance and the existence of an open mechanical cycle of heat addition, expansion, and heat rejection. Power generation of direct thermal-to-electrical conversion show a 1.45W, 6mJ heat pulse can generate a 0.8 {micro}W power output pulse, and continuous operation generates a sustained power output of 0.8 {micro}W at 240Hz. Future improvements in the device will allow active heat rejection, allowing resonance with external damping to improve the thermal to electrical power efficiency.
Karyotype of Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii) Using Patterns of Fluorescence in situ Hybridization and Fluorochrome Banding (1995)

A karyotype and idiogram were prepared for slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii, 2n = 2x = 24) using 26 mitotic metaphase cells from root-tips of seedlings; each metaphase had 11 pairs of long metacentric chromosomes and one shorter pair of submetacentric chromosomes. Fluorescent in situ hybridization showed seven pairs of chromosomes with intercalary sites for genes of 18S-5.8S-25S rRNA(18S-25S rDNA) and one pair with a paracentromeric site. Probes of 5S rDNA localized a major site of hybridization on another pair of chromosomes, whereas two minor sites occured on other chromosomes, one with and one without a site of 18S-25S rDNA. After in situ hybridization, chromosomes were stained with the GC-base-specific fluorochrome chromomycin A3 (CMA). Positive bands at intercalary sites were detected only on two pairs of chromosomes, paracentromeric sites only on three pairs of chromosomes, and bands at both regions on four pairs. Many bands of CMA showed at sites of hybridization of 18S-25S rDNA but one major band occured at a centriomere without an rDNA site. After staining with 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), bands appeared at AT-rich intercalary and/or centromeric regions of nearly all chromosomes. A characteristic double band of DAPI occured near the centromere of one pair of chromosomes. Patterns of fluorescence in situ hybridization and fluorochrome banding allowed us to identify all 12 pairs of chromosomes and to establish a standard karyotype. We propose that the numbers assigned to the chromosomes be used for homologous group designations in slash pine and as the framework for homoeologous group designations of chromosomes in other species of pine and perhaps other genera of conifers.
Low-dose folic acid supplementation does not influence plasma methionine concentrations in young non-pregnant women (1999)

An elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and for having offspring with a neural-tube defect. Folate is a methyl donor in the remethylation of homocysteine into methionine. Although folic acid supplementation decreases tHcy concentrations, effects of folic acid supplementation on plasma methionine concentrations are unclear. There is also concern that folic acid supplementation negatively affects vitamin B12 status. We studied effects of low-dose folic acid supplementation on methionine and vitamin B12 concentrations in plasma. We also investigated whether baseline plasma methionine and tHcy concentrations correlated with the baseline folate and vitamin B12 status. For a period of 4 weeks, 144 young women received either 500 micrograms folic acid each day, or 500 micrograms folic acid and placebo tablets on alternate days, or a placebo tablet each day. Plasma methionine, tHcy and plasma vitamin B12 concentrations were measured at start and end of the intervention period. Folic acid supplementation had no effect on plasma methionine or plasma vitamin B12 concentrations although it significantly decreased tHcy concentrations. Plasma methionine concentrations showed no correlation with either tHcy concentrations (Spearman rs-0.01, P = 0.89), or any of the blood vitamin variables at baseline. Baseline tHcy concentrations showed a slight inverse correlation with baseline concentrations of plasma vitamin B12 (rs-0.25, P < 0.001), plasma folate (rs-0.24, P < 0.01) and erythrocyte folate (rs-0.19, P < 0.05). In conclusion, low-dose folic acid supplementation did not influence plasma methionine or plasma vitamin B12 concentrations. Furthermore, no correlation between plasma methionine concentrations and the blood folate and vitamin B12 status was shown.
Geometric modelling of radio and gamma-ray light curves of 6 Fermi LAT pulsars (2011)

The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has recently reported the detection of pulsed gamma-rays from 6 young pulsars (J0631+1036, J0659+1414, J0742-2822, J1420-6048, J1509-5850, and J1718-3825), all exhibiting single-peaked pulse profiles (Weltevrede et al., 2010). High-quality radio polarization data are also available for 5 of these pulsars, allowing derivation of constraints on their viewing geometries. We obtain independent constraints on the viewing geometries of these pulsars by using a geometric pulsar emission code to model the Fermi LAT and radio light curves. We find fits for the magnetic inclination and observer angles alpha and zeta with typical errors of ~ 5deg. Our results are generally consistent with those obtained by Weltevrede et al. (2010), although we do find differences in some cases. Our model may lastly provide a framework to constrain the radio emission altitude.
Decoupling the role of inertia and gravity on particle dispersion (1996)

Turbulent gas flows laden with small, dense particles are encountered in a wide number of important applications in both industrial settings and aerodynamics applications. Particle interactions with the underlying turbulent flow are exceedingly complex and, consequently, difficult to accurately model. The difficulty arises primarily due to the fact that response of a particle to the local environment is dictated by turbulence properties in the reference frame moving with the particle (particle-Lagrangian). The particle-Lagrangian reference frame is in turn dependent upon the particle relaxation time (time constant) as well as gravitational drift. The combination of inertial and gravitational effects in this frame complicates our ability to accurately predict particle-laden flows since measurements in the particle-Lagrangian reference frame are difficult to obtain. Therefore, in this work we will examine separately the effects of inertia and gravitational drift on particle dispersion through a combination of physical and numerical experiments. In this study, particle-Lagrangian measurements will be obtained in physical experiments using stereo image velocimetry. Gravitational drift will be varied in the variable-g environments of the NASA DC-9 and in the zero-g environment at the drop tower at NASA-Lewis. Direct numerical simulations will be used to corroborate the measurements from the variable-g experiments. We expect that this work will generate new insight into the underlying physics of particle dispersion and will, in turn, lead to more accurate models of particle transport in turbulent flows.
Rigorous Solution of Eddy Current Losses in Rectangular Bar for Single Plane Domain Wall Model (1960)

Williams, Shockley, and Kittel, and other authors have presented a simple domain model in which magnetization takes place by the movement of a single plane domain wall. The net flux is zero when the domain wall is in the middle of the cross section and the material is magnetized fully when the wall moves to the surface. Maxwell's equations for the case of a rectangular bar are rigorously solved for any position of the wall and expressions are derived for the current stream function in both regions I and II. The stream function was calculated using an IBM 705 computer and is shown for various positions of the wall and for several ratios of the sides of the rectangle. The power loss for sinusoidal applied induction is calculated. The results show that the loss in the material increases as the distance traversed by the wall, i.e., the dimension of the rectangle at right angles to the domain wall increases. This solution with some modification also applies to thin laminations; where the domain model, proposed by several authors, consists of domains of equal width alternately magnetized in opposite directions to give the unmagnetized state. The domain walls are perpendicular to the plane of the sheet and magnetization in the sheet plane takes place by lateral movement of these domain walls. For any given thickness of the laminations, a domain wall spacing can be determined to correlate the power loss with experimental values.
Risk factors for the incidence and progression of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (2000)

Most currently recognized risk factors for prevalent knee OA (obesity, knee injury, and physical activity) influence incidence more than radiographic progression. Furthermore, these factors might selectively influence osteophyte formation more than joint space narrowing. These findings are consistent with knee OA being initiated by joint injury, but with progression being a consequence of impaired intrinsic repair capacity.
The Mosage tomato (1958)

This bulletin reports on Department of Horticulture Research Project 128, Vegetable Breeding--P. [2].
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Accumbal D2 cells orchestrate innate risk-avoidance according to orexin signals. (2018)

Excitation of accumbal D2 cells governs vital actions including avoidance of learned risks, but the origins of this excitation and roles of D2 cells in innate risk-avoidance are unclear. Hypothalamic neurons producing orexins/hypocretins enhance innate risk-avoidance via poorly understood neurocircuits. We describe a direct orexinD2 excitatory circuit, and show that D2 cell activity is necessary for orexin-dependent innate risk-avoidance in mice, thus revealing an unsuspected hypothalamus-accumbens interplay in action selection.
Syntheses, Structures, and Photoluminescence Properties of Metal(II) Halide Complexes with Pyridine-Containing Flexible Tripodal Ligands (2006)

Seven coordination compounds, [Zn(L3)Cl2] . MeOH . H2O (1), [Mn(L3)2Cl2] . 0.5EtOH . 0.5H2O (2), [Cu3(L2)2Cl6] . 2DMF (3), [Cu3(L2)2Br6] . 4MeOH (4), [Hg2(L4)Cl4] (5), [Hg2(L4)Br4] (6), and [Hg3(L4)2I6] . H2O (7), were synthesized by the reactions of ligands 1,3,5-tris(3-pyridylmethoxyl)benzene (L3), 1,3,5-tris(2-pyridylmethoxyl)benzene (L2), and 1,3,5-tris(4-pyridylmethoxyl)benzene (L4) with the corresponding metal halides. All the structures were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In complexes 1 and 2, L3 acts as a bidentate ligand using two of three pyridyl arms to link two metal atoms to result in two different 1D chain structures. In complexes 3 and 4, each L2 serves as tridentate ligand and connects three Cu(II) atoms to form a 2D network structure. Complexes 5 and 6 have the same framework structure, and L4 acts as a three-connecting ligand to connect Hg(II) atoms to generate a 3D 4-fold interpenetrated framework, while the structure of complex 7 is an infinite 1D chain. The results indicate that the flexible ligands can adopt different conformations and thus can form complexes with varied structures. In addition, the coordination geometry of the metal atom and the species of the halide were found to have great impact on the structure of the complexes. The photoluminescence properties of the complexes were investigated, and the Zn(II), Mn(II) and Hg(II) complexes showed blue emissions in solid state at room temperature.
Addition Compounds of Alkali Metal Hydrides. Sodium Trimethoxyborohydride and Related Compounds<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAddition Compounds of Alkali Metal Hydrides. Sodium Trimethoxyborohydride and Related Compounds1Herbert C. Brown, H. I. Schlesinger, Irving Sheft, and D. M. RitterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 1, 192–195Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01097a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01097a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views685Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rhodotorulic Acid from Species of <i>Leucosporidium, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, Sporidiobolus</i> , and <i>Sporobolomyces</i> , and a New Alanine-Containing Ferrichrome from <i>Cryptococcus melibiosum</i> (1970)

An examination of 142 strains within 19 genera of yeasts and yeastlike organisms for formation of hydroxamic acids in low-iron culture showed production of hydroxamates by two unclassified strains and by 52 strains among the genera Aessosporon (3 of 3 strains), Cryptococcus (1 of 43), Leucosporidium (3 of 11), Rhodosporidium (4 of 4), Rhodotorula (27 of 39), Sporidiobolus (2 of 2), and Sporobolomyces (12 of 13). Crystalline rhodotorulic acid was isolated in amounts sufficient to account for most or all of the measured hydroxamate in culture supernatants of 16 strains representative of the five last-mentioned hydroxamate-producing genera. A new alanine-containing ferrichrome was isolated from one strain of Cryptococcus melibiosum. Rhodotorulic acid was a major metabolic product of many of the positive strains when grown in low-iron media, and iron was shown to repress its synthesis and excretion into the culture medium. The taxonomic significance of production of hydroxamic acids is described in connection with the position of these yeast species in the subclass Heterobasidiomycetidae.
Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: Initial Case Report for Benign Disease (1993)

On February 12, 1992, a laparoscopic partial nephrectomy was performed on a woman with a lower-pole caliceal diverticulum containing a stone. By incorporating the laparoscopic argon beam coagulator and a tourniquet device, the procedure was completed in 6 hours and 10 minutes. The postoperative course and period of convalescence was markedly improved over that expected from open surgery. This laparoscopic intervention demonstrates the expanding horizons of minimally invasive surgery and the remarkable development of new laparoscopic devices.
Powerful Oxidizing Properties of a Planar [8]Annulene: Tetrakis(perfluorocyclobuta)cyclooctatetraene and Its Radical Anion (1999)

The central eight-membered ring of tetrakis(perfluorocyclobuta)cyclooctatetraene (1) is flat both in the crystal and in solution, but tetrakis(perfluorocyclopenta)cyclooctatetraene (2) assumes a tub shape similar to that of parent cyclooctatetraene. This sterically induced structural difference strongly affects the physical properties of compounds 1 and 2. The first and second reduction potentials of 1 in solution, +0.79 and +0.14 V vs. SCE, are considerably more positive than the corresponding values, +0.20 and −0.21 V, of 2. Accordingly, mere contact with Hg metal in N,N-dimethylformamide converts 1 to an unusually stable radical anion 1.− that is persistent in air. The temperature-independent coupling constant, aF=+0.320 mT, of the sixteen equivalent β-19F-nuclei in 1.− is much smaller than the expected value, and the g factor of 1.− is markedly lower than those generally found for structurally related radical anions. In contrast, the characteristic data for 2.−, generated from 2 with K metal in 1,2-dimethoxyethane, comply with the expected data. The coupling constants aF=+0.976 and +0.935 mT, each of eight β-19F-nuclei in 2.−, average +0.951 mT upon raising the temperature from 220 to 260 K. The gas-phase electron affinity of 1, A=3.4±0.2 eV, which was estimated from the reduction potential in solution and from charge-transfer absorption spectra obtained from a series of methylated benzenes and naphthalenes, is among the highest known for neutral organic molecules.
Passage of leptin across the blood-testis barrier (1999)

Leptin is a 17-kDa protein, secreted by fat, that controls adiposity and has been proposed to have numerous effects on reproduction in the mouse. To assess whether the effects of leptin on testicular function are direct, we determined whether leptin can cross the murine blood-testis barrier. Multiple time regression analysis showed that a small amount of blood-borne leptin is able to enter the testis but does so by a nonsaturable process. In addition, no significant expression of leptin receptors was found at the Leydig cells or Sertoli cells of the testis. This compares with the presence of a saturable transport system for leptin at the blood-brain barrier and abundant receptors for leptin at the leptomeninges, neurons, and choroid plexus of the central nervous system (CNS). These results support the hypothesis that the effects of leptin on reproductive function are not mediated at the level of the testis but indirectly, probably through the CNS.