gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cantilevers and tips for atomic force microscopy (1997)

The cantilever and the tip are at the centerpiece of the AFM. Properties such as the cantilever stiffness and resonant frequency, tip shape and sharpness, and material characteristics determine the mode of operation of the AFM and the type of experiments and measurements that can be performed. The possibility of batch fabricating cantilevers has permitted the fabrication and characterization of specialized tips for a variety of experiments. We believe that the use of new materials and tip shapes will allow new applications for the AFM in the future.
Double‐blinded cross‐over study on the efficacy of pentoxifylline for canine atopy (2000)

The pathogenesis of canine atopy has not been established completely. Recent studies have shown that tumour necrosis factor alpha and Interleukin‐6 play a role in allergic reactions in humans and mice. Pentoxifylline (PTX) suppresses synthesis of these cytokines and may be a useful therapy for modulating the symptoms of canine atopy. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of PTX (10mg kg −1 twice daily for 4 weeks) on clinical signs (erythema and pruritus) and intradermal skin test reactivity in atopic dogs ( n = 10). The study was a double‐blinded, placebo controlled, crossover clinical trial with a washout period of 2 weeks between treatments. Clinical signs were evaluated and scored by the investigator and owners. During PTX treatment, scores of pruritus and erythema decreased significantly. PTX did not affect intradermal skin test reactivity to house dust mite at 15 min (allergen of reference for this study).
Whole-Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus Strain LCT-SA112 (2012)

Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccal bacterium. S. aureus is the most common species of Staphylococcus to cause staphylococcal infections, which are very common in clinical medicine. Here we report the genome sequence of S. aureus strain LCT-SA112, which was isolated from S. aureus subsp. aureus CGMCC 1.230.
Joint replacement in the shoulder and elbow (1998)

History of shoulder replacement surgery Shoulder movements and the biomechanics of the shoulder Indications for shoulder replacement and shoulder assessment Neer total shoulder replacement Total shoulder replacement in rheumatoid arthritis Physiotherapy after unconstrained shoulder replacement Revision shoulder replacement and rotator cuff problems History of elbow arthroplasty Biomechanics of the elbow Total elbow replacement Revision elbow athroplasty Rehabilitation after total elbow replacement.
The Humanitarian as Negotiator: Developing Capacity Across the Aid Sector (2020)

Abstract This article examines the dynamics at play in ongoing efforts to cultivate negotiation capacity among professionals working in the humanitarian sector. Based on extensive semi-structured interviews conducted with humanitarian practitioners, this article discusses six particular challenges that aid agencies face. The first is raising awareness across the aid sector that negotiation is a core competency of humanitarian action. The second is grappling with ambiguities around the definition of the term “humanitarian negotiation.” The third is cultivating an appreciation for the holistic range of negotiation capital that is necessary for success. The fourth is navigating the difficulties inherent in the experiential nature of negotiation capacity building. The fifth is discerning which lessons should be learned from past humanitarian negotiation practice. The sixth is mitigating negative unintended effects of directing professional and policy attention toward humanitarian negotiation capacity building. Through this examination, the article aims to assess the landscape of current humanitarian negotiation capacity-building efforts, as well as the difficulties that humanitarian organizations will likely face on the road ahead.
[The large intestine--literature review of recent years]. (2004)

Diagnose of the idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease depends on the set of clinical, radiological, endoscopic and histological criteria. Proctitis, proctosigmoiditis, and the left-sided colitis represent 60 to 80 percent of newly diagnosed cases of colitis. For the medical management of the inflammatory bowel diseases aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, topical corticosteroids, immunosuppressants are used. The complication of highest risk represents the toxic magacolon or periannal fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease. Pre-neoplastic epithelial changes (dysplasia) are diagnosed by pathologists according sets of cytological and architectonic markers. Indeterminate diarrhea related to the antibiotics administration is comparatively common. Roman criteria II classify functional intestinal disorders, represented by a set of isolated symptoms or various combinations of symptoms without identifiable organic, biochemical, sonographic or endoscopic abnormalities of the intestinal or biliary system, lasting minimally 12 weeks (not necessarily continuously) during the preceding year, as a persisting or recurrent distress. About 20 percent of patients with diverticular disease of the colon have some clinical manifestations.
Numerical calculation and analysis of core loss in permanent magnet synchronous motor under transition process (2013)

As the motor runs in acceleration or deceleration of the transition process,harmonic analysis for core loss calculation is very difficult because the frequency of magnetic density in the core changed with the rotor speed and the harmonic component is very wide.To solve the problem an approximate steady-state assumption is proposed for the first time to study the non-steady-state iron loss.The continuous change of the flux density is assumed as a series of discrete state when the motor is accelerated.The core loss is calculated as motor runs in uniform acceleration process by using harmonic analysis method with consideration of non-linear change in magnetic density and effect of alterating and rotating magnetization.Compared the calculation results with the experimental results,the error is about 7% in low acceleration conditions.Finally,the reasonableness of the assumptions which provides a basis for the calculation of core loss in the transition process is discussed theoretically.
Outbreak of tuberculosis caused by <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> in golden Guernsey goats in Great Britain (2009)

An outbreak of caprine tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis was disclosed in June 2008, affecting goats of the golden Guernsey breed kept on 10 separate smallholdings in south-west Wales and the west of England. Following the initial diagnosis at postmortem examination, 30 goats that reacted positively to the single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT) test, together with five in-contact animals, were euthanased and subjected to postmortem examination and mycobacterial culture. Spoligotyping and variable number tandem repeat analysis of isolates showed that they were all of the same genotype, endemic to south-west Wales. Retrospective movement tracings identified a goat herd in south-west Wales, by then completely dispersed, as the probable common source of infection. There was a perfect correlation between the SICCT test and culture results in all slaughtered goats. Grossly visible tubercular lesions were observed at postmortem examination in all but one reactor.
An adaptive and effective single image dehazing algorithm based on dark channel prior (2013)

In this paper, we describe a novel and effective single image enhancement algorithm for haze image. As we observe that, the contrast and intensity of haze image after using dark channel prior approach will unavoidably tend to be lower than those of the real scene, we proposed a method using histogram specification to make an improvement on image after dark channel prior approach. We make a large number of experiment and find that, if dealing with a haze image with large background area and low contrast, dark channel prior result will become dark, also a general haze image after dark channel occurs different degree of anamorphose. We introduce an adaptive algorithm to repair the different kinds of anamorphose on the hazy image after dark channel prior. The experimental results shows that our method make the dehazing result more close to real scene.
Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 18p and distal 21q22.3 deletion (2003)

Genetic marker analysis helps in delineating the region of deletion in prenatally detected unbalanced cryptic translocation. Fetuses with concomitant trisomy 18p and distal 21q22.3 deletion may manifest inapparent phenotypic abnormalities in utero. Haploinsufficiency of the HPE critical region at 21q22.3 may not cause an HPE phenotype.
The head-fixed behaving rat—Procedures and pitfalls (2010)

This paper describes experimental techniques with head-fixed, operantly conditioned rodents that allow the control of stimulus presentation and tracking of motor output at hitherto unprecedented levels of spatio-temporal precision. Experimental procedures for the surgery and behavioral training are presented. We place particular emphasis on potential pitfalls using these procedures in order to assist investigators who intend to engage in this type of experiment. We argue that head-fixed rodent models, by allowing the combination of methodologies from molecular manipulations, intracellular electrophysiology, and imaging to behavioral measurements, will be instrumental in combining insights into the functional neuronal organization at different levels of observation. Provided viable behavioral methods are implemented, model systems based on rodents will be complementary to current primate models--the latter providing highest comparability with the human brain, while the former offer hugely advanced methodologies on the lower levels of organization, for example, genetic alterations, intracellular electrophysiology, and imaging.
Integrated coastal zone management research in Australia and China (2011)

This paper reviews the current Integrated and Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) research in coastal zone science and policy for Australia and China. It seeks to make a coherent contribution to understanding the Chinese and Australian research and management through a brief description of the similarities and differences in an integrated way. The paper draws together the research needs for the ICZM in both countries with the aim of justifying the research investments needed in the future. Based on this review, we recommend five research programs: Coastal Ocean Observing and Forecasting System and its Socio-economic Impact; Review and Utilization of Space-borne Observing Systems; Risk Management in Coastal Infrastructure; Policy Design for Mitigating Socio-economic Impacts of Climate Change on the Coastal Zone; and Comparative Research on Legal and Regulatory Frameworks related to ICZM in China and Australia.
Cortical Mapping in the Resection of Gliomas (2006)

Benedict, William J. Jr. MD; Primeau, Margaret PhD; Blodgett-Dycus, Christina PhD; Thulborn, Keith R. MD, PhD; Prabhu, Vikram C. MD Author Information
Changes in the dominant Epstein--Barr virus type during human immunodeficiency virus infection (1994)

Two types of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), EBV-1 and EBV-2, were identified on the basis of DNA sequence divergence in the genes for nuclear proteins EBNA 2, 3a, 3b and 3c. In the present study, we conducted an immunological and genomic analysis in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected population to determine the prevalence of the two types, and whether the identified type was stable over years. The EBNA-2 serotyping and genotyping showed that HIV-infected patients were highly infected by EBV-2, and that the dominant strain was mostly retained. However, during a follow-up study, a change in the dominant viral strain was observed in two patients. A first HIV-positive patient (patient A), although having a stable level of anti-EBNA-2A and -2B antibodies, showed a change in the genotype and antigen produced in spontaneously established lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). The sequence analysis of LCLs confirmed the emergence of the EBV-2 type population. A strain from a second HIV-positive patient (patient B) was clearly identified as EBV-2: the genotype from a saliva sample and from sequential LCLs belonged to EBV-2, as well as the antigen produced from LCLs, and serum antibodies. After a 5-year continuous EBV-2 infection, a reactivation of the EBV-1 strain was observed. In both cases, sequence analysis of the EBNA-2 gene showed, only with EBV-1, the presence of EBV variants related to the B95-8 prototype. Two mutations (at nucleotides 49212 and 49304) were found in both patients A and B, whereas an additional mutation (at nucleotide 49237) was characteristic of the patient A. No mutation relative to the prototype B95-8 strain was observed in a subsequent analysis of this EBNA-2 region from LCLs obtained from two HIV-negative patients predominantly infected by EBV-1. Therefore, we speculate that these mutations may be EBV-1 mutations specifically occurring during HIV infection.
Histidine at position 5 is the specificity "switch" between two parathyroid hormone receptor subtypes (1996)

The PTH and PTH-related protein (PTHrP) system consists of two hormones, at least two G protein-coupled seven-transmembrane domain receptors, and at least two intracellular signal transduction pathways for each receptor. The PTH/PTHrP receptor is present in the conventional target tissues of PTH action, namely kidney and bone. Both PTH and PTHrP bind to and activate the PTH/PTHrP receptor with equal affinity and efficacy. The newly discovered receptor, termed the human (h) PTH2 receptor, has 70% homology with the PTH/PTHrP receptor, but is found predominantly in brain and pancreas. It interacts selectively with PTH and not with PTHrP. PTH and PTHrP differ in several positions, including position 5 (Ile in PTH; His in PTHrP). To define the role of position 5 in receptor selectivity, we designed and synthesized a series of hybrid analogs containing specific elements of both the PTH and PTHrP sequences. Using human cell lines stably expressing either human receptor subtype, we evaluated the biological profile of the hybrids in assays of receptor binding and action. Both point-mutated hybrids, [Ile5]PTH-(1-34) and [His5]PTH-(1-34), bind to and stimulate cAMP accumulation and the release of cytosolic free calcium in HEK293/C-21, a clonal human embryonic kidney cell line stably expressing the recombinant hPTH/PTHrP receptor. However, only [Ile5]PTHrP-(1-34), and not [His5]PTH-(1-34), binds to and stimulates cAMP accumulation and the release of cytosolic free calcium in HEK293/BP-16, a clonal human embryonic kidney cell line stably expressing the recombinant hPTH2 receptor. The segmental hybrid PTHrP-(1-14)-PTH-(15-34) binds to and activates the hPTH/PTHrP receptor, but not the hPTH2 receptor, similar to the biological profile of His5-containing ligands: PTHrP-(1-34) and [His5]PTH-(1-34). Exchanging Ile5 for His5 in the segmental hybrid produces the analog [Ile5]PTHrP-(1-14)-PTH-(15-34), which interacts with both receptor subtypes. We conclude that His5 in PTHrP is the major structural determinant of receptor subtype specificity in the hPTH/PTHrP and hPTH2 two-receptor system. The mechanism of the specificity "switch" remains to be elucidated, but may result from a subtle perturbation of the bioactive conformation and/or from a direct steric hindrance at the hPTH2 receptor-ligand interface created by histidine at position 5. The hPTH2, but not the hPTH/PTHrP, receptor can discriminate between the two hormones based on the structural differences generated at position 5.
Effect of thyroparathyroidectomy on urinary acidification in diabetic rats (1999)

In previous studies we have shown stimulation of renal acid excretion in the proximal tubules of rats with diabetes of short duration, with no important alterations in glomerular hemodynamics; on the other hand, in thyroparathyroidectomized rats (TPTX model), a significant decrease in renal acid excretion, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) was detected. Since important changes in the parathyroid hormone-vitamin D-Ca axis are observed in the diabetic state, the present study was undertaken to investigate the renal repercussions of thyroparathyroidectomy in rats previously made diabetic by streptozotocin (45 mg/kg). Four to 6 days after the induction of diabetes (DM), a group of rats were thyroparathyroidectomized (DM + TPTX). Renal functional parameters were evaluated by measuring the inulin and sodium para-aminohippurate clearance on the tenth day. The decrease in the GFR and RPF observed in TPTX was not reversed by diabetes since the same alterations were observed in DM + TPTX. Net acid (NA) excretion was unchanged in DM (6.19 +/- 0.54), decreased in TPTX (3.76 +/- 0.25) and returned to normal levels in DM + TPTX (5.54 +/- 0.72) when compared to the control group (6.34 +/- 0.14 mumol min-1 kg-1). The results suggest that PTH plays an important vasodilator role regarding glomerular hemodynamics, since in its absence the impairment in GFR and RPF was not reversed by the diabetic state. However, with respect to acid excretion, the presence of diabetes was able to overcome the negative stimulus represented by TPTX.
Developing a mobile manipulation system to handle unknown and unstructured objects (2021)

The exceptional human???s ability to interact with unknown objects based on minimal prior experience is a permanent inspiration to the field of robotic manipulation. The recent revolution in industrial and service robots demands high-autonomy and intelligent mobile-manipulators. The goal of the thesis is to develop an autonomous mobile robotic manipulation system that can handle unknown and unstructured objects with the least training and human involvement. \nFirst, an end-to-end vision-based mobile manipulation architecture with minimal training using synthetic datasets is proposed in this thesis. The system includes: 1) effective training strategy of a perception network for object pose estimation, 2) the result is utilized as sensing feedback to integrate into a visual servoing system to achieve autonomous mobile manipulation. Experimental findings from simulations and real-world settings showed the efficiency of using computer-generated datasets, that can be generalized to the physical mobile-manipulator task. The model of the presented robot is experimentally verified and discussed. \nSecond, a challenging robotic manipulation scenario of unknown-adjacent objects is addressed in this thesis by using a scalable self-supervised system that can learn grasping control strategies for unknown objects based on limited knowledge and simple sample objects. The developed learning scheme can be beneficial to both generalization and transferability without requiring any additional training or prior object awareness. \nFinally, an end-to-end self-learning framework is proposed to learn manipulating policies for challenging scenarios based on minimal training time and raw experience. The proposed model learns from scratch, from visual observations to sequential decision-making, manipulating actions and generalizes to unknown scenarios. The agent comprehends a sequence of manipulations that purposely lead to successful grasps. Results of the experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of the learning between manipulating actions, in which the grasping success rate has dramatically increased. The proposed system is successfully experimented and validated in simulations and real-world settings.
A Direct Torque Controlled Induction Motor with Variable Hysteresis Band (2009)

An improved direct torque controlled induction motor drive is reported in this paper. It is established that the conventional direct torque controlled drive has more torque and flux ripples in steady state, which result in poor torque response, acoustic noise and incorrect speed estimations. Hysteresis controllers also make the switching frequency of voltage source inverter a variable quantity. A strategy of variable duty ratio control scheme is proposed to increase switching frequency, and adjust the width of hysteresis bands according to the switching frequency. This technique minimizes torque and current ripples, improves torque response, and reduces switching losses in spite of its simplicity. Simulation results establish the improved performance of the proposed direct torque control method compared to conventional methods.
Video Noise Reduction Method Using Adaptive Spatial-Temporal Filtering (2015)

We proposed a novel method of video noise reduction based on the spatial Wiener filter and the temporal filter. In the proposed spatial Wiener filter, both the amount of noise and the size of the mask are taken into consideration. The proposed model has a great capacity to be adaptive in each area in accordance with the amount of noise. In the proposed model, the motion detector is applied to control the noise removal process in accordance with the area’s information (i.e., static or movable). More accurately, more noise removal is done in the areas that are potentially still areas and less removal in the areas that are potentially motion areas. The proposed model achieves a maximum gain of 7.6 dB and capacity of conserving the significant image features (e.g., edges). The experimental results demonstrate that the new approach is more efficient than reference methods in terms of noise removal and edges preservation.
Vehicular Experience with Additives for Regeneration of Ceramic Diesel Filters (1985)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The regeneration behaviour of the ceramic diesel particulate filter is investigated. It is found that regeneration of the vaporizable components absorbed by the soot is promoted. The addition of manganese leads to a second conversion maximum. When additives are used, ceramic filters pass through a “running-in” phase. As regards Mn emissions, emissions of Mn oxides of all valency stages as well as Mn-<sup>SO<sub>4</sub></sup>may occur. These emissions amount to a maximum of 2.2 µg Mn/mile. Dispersion calculations for worst case situations have shown, that the maximum Mn-immission caused by using manganese fuel additives is still within the level of present immissions.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Families of characteristics are shown for emissions of the diesel particulate filter for particles and NO<sub>x</sub>. By using filters with higher efficiency the particulate emissions may fall below 0,08g/miie. The particulate filter and the additive metering system have proved satisfactory in a field test in the US.</div>