gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of P-Chiral [ 18 O]-Labeled Isotopomeric Oligo(deoxyribonucleoside Phosphorothioate)s and Phosphates (2002)

Diastereomerically pure, isotopically labeled 5'- O -DMT-nucleoside-3'- O -(2-thio-4,4-"spiro"-pentamethylene-1,3,2-[ 18 O]oxathiaphospholane)s and -(2-oxo-4,4-"spiro"-pentamethylene-1,3,2-[ 18 O]oxathiaphospholane)s suitable for stereocontrolled synthesis of P-chiral oligonucleotide [ 18 O]phosphorothioates and [ 18 O]phosphates were synthesized. Obtained in that way "chimeric" oligonucleotide d[A PO A PS-Rp,Sp A PS-Rp , Sp A PS-Rp C PS(18O)-Rp G PS-Rp T PS-Rp T PS-Rp,Sp T PO T] was used for determination of the stereochemistry of hydrolysis by endonuclease from Serratia marcescens .
Studies on Antifungal Properties of 11-iodo-10-undecynoic acid (1965)

11-jodo-10-undecynoic acid (K-4172) was synthesised in our laboratory from 10-undecynoic acid reacting with iodine in presence of alkaline hydroxide. Fungistatic and bacteriostatic activities of K-4172 were examined. It showed significant antifungal activities, especially against Trichophytons and Crytococcus neoformans, but it had weak antibacterial activities.In in vivo test by experimental trichophytosis on guineapigs, it showed also significant therapeutic activities at the concentration of 0.5% in alcohol solution. It is very interest that in the in vivo test 0.5% tincture of K-4172 was more effective when it was applied in combination with 10% of 2, 4, 6-tribromophenyl caproate.Interperitoneal and oral LD50 of K-4172 dissolved in olive oil were 132 and 225mg/Kg respectively and intraperitoneal LD50 of its sodium salt was 134mg/Kg. Chronic toxicity test of K-4172 on mice and rat showed both almost no side effect when it was admidistrated intraperitoneally and orally. The authers persume from these data that K-4172 is safely available for treatment of human trichophytosis.
Ammonia Formation over Pd/Rh Three-Way Catalysts during Lean-to-Rich Fluctuations: The Effect of the Catalyst Aging, Exhaust Temperature, Lambda, and Duration in Rich Conditions (2019)

The formation of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) as a byproduct during the operation of a three-way catalyst (TWC) in a simulated exhaust stream was investigated using a commercially available Pd/Rh TWC under steady-state and lean/rich cycling conditions. Ion molecular reaction-mass spectrometry was applied to determine NO, NO<sub>2</sub>, and NH<sub>3</sub> concentrations at a time resolution of 0.6 s. Catalyst aging was shown to result in a significant increase in the amount of NH<sub>3</sub> formed, which has received limited attention in the literature to date. The selectivity toward NH<sub>3</sub> formation has been shown to increase with the decrease in the oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of a TWC induced by thermal aging. NH<sub>3</sub> has been shown to mainly form within the exhaust temperature range of 250-550 °C. Typical lambda and rich operational condition duration periods found in vehicle test procedures were also employed to investigate their effects on NH<sub>3</sub> formation. The results suggest that a decrease in the lambda and/or an increase in the duration of rich operating conditions will lead to an increase in the selectivity toward NH<sub>3</sub> formation. Improving the OSC of TWCs and effectively controlling the lambda near to 1.0 with limited duration in rich operating conditions are therefore significant factors in the reduction of NH<sub>3</sub> emissions.
Matriptase‐2 gene (<i>TMPRSS6</i>) variants associate with breast cancer survival, and reduced expression is related to triple‐negative breast cancer (2013)

Matriptase-2 (TMPRSS6) has been identified as a breast cancer risk factor. Here, we examined relationships between TMPRSS6 genetic variations and breast cancer risk and survival, and determined the gene and protein expressions in breast tumors and assessed their clinical importance. Thirteen TMPRSS6 polymorphisms were genotyped in 462 invasive breast cancer cases and 458 controls. Gene expression was analyzed from 83 tumors and protein expression from 370 tumors. We then assessed the statistical significance of associations among genotypes, clinicopathological characteristics and survival. The TMPRSS6 variant rs2543519 was associated with breast cancer risk (p = 0.032). Multivariate analysis showed that four variants had effects on survival-rs2543519 (p = 0.017), rs2235324 (p = 0.038), rs14213212 (p = 0.044) and rs733655 (p = 0.021)-which were used to create a group variable that was associated with poorer prognosis correlating with more alleles related to reduced survival (p = 0.006; risk ratio, 2.375; 95% confidence interval, 1.287-4.382). Low gene expression was related to triple-negative breast cancer (p = 0.0001), and lower protein expression was detected in undifferentiated (p = 0.019), large (p = 0.014) and ductal or lobular tumors (p = 0.036). These results confirm the association of TMRRSS6 variants with breast cancer risk and survival. Matriptase-2 levels decrease with tumor progression, and lower gene expression is seen in poor-prognosis-related triple-negative breast cancers. Our study is the first to show that matriptase-2 gene variants are related to breast cancer prognosis, supporting matriptase-2 involvement in tumor development.
Development of Fluidized Bed Catalyst for Phthalic Anhydride Production (2004)

流動層接触酸化反応装置を用いた無水フタル酸製造用触媒は, 操業当初, 粉砕したシリカに酸化バナジウムなどの活性成分を担持した触媒を使用していた. その後, 触媒の球形化, 活性成分へのセシウムの添加, アルカリ金属比率の調整などにより流動触媒と流動層の改良を行ってきた. 本報では, これらの触媒開発の経緯とともに, それらが流動層の操業に与えた影響について述べる.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of Near‐Infrared Cyanine Dyes. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Precise frequency estimation in a microelectromechanical parametric resonator (2007)

The authors report here on precise resonant frequency estimation using the nonlinear spectral features of parametric resonance. Demonstration of 100 parts per 109 frequency resolution at room temperature is accompanied by a technique to observe the phase trajectories of escape in bistable parametrically resonant systems. The system offers an expanded dynamic range over similar linear resonators. Precise frequency estimation has implications in resonant mass sensing.
Interdomain hydrolysis of a truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin by the human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease. (1990)

The specificity of HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus-1) protease has been evaluated relative to its ability to cleave the three-domain Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE66) and related proteins in which the first domain has been deleted or replaced by a segment of CD4. Native PE66 is not hydrolyzed by the HIV-1 protease. However, removal of its first domain produces a molecule which is an excellent substrate for the enzyme. The major site of cleavage in this truncated exotoxin, called LysPE40, occurs in a segment that connects its two major domains, the translocation domain (II), and the ADP-ribosyltransferase (III). This interdomain region contains the sequence ...Asn-Tyr-Pro-Thr... which is similar to that surrounding the scissile Tyr-Pro bond in the gag precursor polyprotein, a natural substrate of the HIV-1 protease. Nevertheless, it is not this sequence that is recognized and cleaved by the enzyme, but one 6 residues away, ...Ala-Leu-Leu-Glu... in which the Leu-Leu peptide bond is hydrolyzed. A second, slower cleavage takes place at the Leu-Ala bond 3 residues in from the NH2 terminus of LysPE40. When domain I of PE66 is replaced by a segment comprising the first two domains of CD4, the resulting chimeric protein is hydrolyzed at the same Leu-Leu bond by HIV-1 protease. Enzyme activities toward synthetic peptides modeled after the sequences defined above in LysPE40 are in complete accord, relative to specificity, kinetics, and pH optimum, with results obtained in the hydrolysis of the parent protein. These findings demonstrate that ideas concerning the specificity of the HIV-1 protease that are based solely upon its processing of natural viral polyproteins can be expanded by evaluation of other multidomain proteins as substrates. Moreover, it would appear that it is not a particular conformation, but sequence and accessibility that play the dominant role in defining sites in a protein substrate that are susceptible to hydrolysis by the enzyme.
Electrophysiologic, haemodynamic and antiarrhythmic effects of the new class Ic agent 1-(2'-biphenyloxy)-2-tert.-butylamino-propanol-2-hydrochloride. (1989)

The electrophysiological, antiarrhythmic and haemodynamic profile of the new compound GK 23-G (1-(2'-biphenyloxy)-2-tert.-butylamino-propanol-2-hydrochloride, proposed INN: bipranol) was examined using dogs models relevant to conditions in humans. In the first part of the study, dose-related effects of cumulatively increasing doses of GK 23-G (0.2-12.8 mg/kg) on intracardiac conduction, ventricular refractoriness and on haemodynamic parameters of the non-ischemic heart were determined in six anesthetized mongrel dogs. In the second part of the study, antiarrhythmic actions of bipranol on "delayed reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias" following release of coronary artery occlusion after 2 h of obstruction were investigated in another six dogs. The results show: GK 23-G causes a significant prolongation of HV-time, QRS-duration and ventricular refractory period at mid-range and high doses (greater than or equal to 3.2 mg/kg). QT-time does not change. Atrial refractory period is significantly lengthened at the maximum dose of 12.8 mg/kg. There are no significant changes in heart rate, systolic and diastolic aortic pressure and cardiac output. Up to 12.8 mg/kg, GK 23-G does not influence left ventricular contractility (dp/dtmax). In acute myocardial necrosis "delayed reperfusion arrhythmias" are almost completely abolished at a dose of 1.6 mg/kg + 50 micrograms/kg x min. Thus, because of its antiarrhythmic potency, further experimental and clinical testing of the new compound seems promising.
Elastic Net Constraints for Shape Matching (2013)

We consider a parametrized relaxation of the widely adopted quadratic assignment problem (QAP) formulation for minimum distortion correspondence between deformable shapes. In order to control the accuracy/sparsity trade-off we introduce a weighting parameter on the combination of two existing relaxations, namely spectral and game-theoretic. This leads to the introduction of the elastic net penalty function into shape matching problems. In combination with an efficient algorithm to project onto the elastic net ball, we obtain an approach for deformable shape matching with controllable sparsity. Experiments on a standard benchmark confirm the effectiveness of the approach.
α-Klotho mice demonstrate increased expression of the non-sulfated N-glycan form of the HNK-1 glyco-epitope in kidney tissue (2014)

The α-Klotho mouse is an animal model that prematurely exhibits phenotypes resembling human aging owing to mutation of the α-Klotho gene. Although α-Klotho mice appear normal at birth, they begin showing multiple age-associated disorders after 3-4 weeks. Meanwhile, overexpression of α-Klotho extends lifespan. Therefore, α-Klotho may be involved in the aging process. The α-Klotho protein has homology to β-glucosidase and is proposed to have glycosidase activity. However, it is unclear whether glycan alterations are present in α-Klotho mice. Here we found increased levels of the non-sulfated HNK-1 glyco-epitope in the kidneys of α-Klotho mice. This phenomenon was also observed in normal aged mice. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that increased non-sulfated HNK-1 glyco-epitope appeared predominantly in the outer half of the renal cortex, where α-Klotho protein is highly expressed. To clarify the cause, the expression of glucuronyltransferase S (GlcAT-S) and the activity of β-glucuronidase were also examined. The expressions of GlcAT-S were comparable in α-Klotho mice and wild-type mice, but β-glucuronidase activity was lower in α-Klotho mice than in wild-type. These results suggest that increased non-sulfated HNK-1 epitope levels in α-Klotho mice may be due to decreased β-glucuronidase activity. Taken together, α-Klotho expression was associated with expression of the non-sulfated HNK-1 epitope.
Research on retrieval of remote sensing images based on shape feature (2006)

How to recognize man-made objects from high-resolution remote sensing images has been considered an attractive and important research field in remote sensing applications undoubtedly. In this paper we try to present a feasible contour-based retrieval strategy of remote sensing images. The merit of our strategy is it can avoid the impact caused by the difficult of automatic manmade object discrimination so far and the deficiency of huge computational volume aroused by template matching. Besides, on the basis of analyzing the limitations of common descriptors such as Fourier descriptor and Hu invariant moments, invariant relative moments are adopted to describe shape feature of man-made objects in our retrieval strategy. After describing contour feature extraction method, feature matching method and retrieval process based on shape feature, a prototype system is also designed and implemented to prove the validity and accuracy of our strategy mentioned above. In our experiments three types of man-made objects with different shape feature, i.e., boat, oilcan and buildings with flat-roof, are selected as our research targets. Experimental results illustrate that our strategy is feasible and the corresponding retrieval performance is analyzed, followed by conclusions and future works.
Controlling Biological Activity with Light: Diarylethene‐Containing Cyclic Peptidomimetics (2014)

Abstract Photobiological processes in nature are usually triggered by nonpeptidic chromophores or by modified side chains. A system is presented in which the polypeptide backbone itself can be conformationally switched by light. An amino acid analogue was designed and synthesized based on a reversibly photoisomerizable diarylethene scaffold. This analogue was incorporated into the cyclic backbone of the antimicrobial peptide gramicidin S at several sites. The biological activity of the resulting peptidomimetics could then be effectively controlled by ultraviolet/visible light within strictly defined spatial and temporal limits.
A novel ratio-independent cyclic multiplication D/A converter (2003)

A ratio-independent cyclic multiplication digital-to-analog (D/A) conversion technique is described. It is capable of achieving high resolution and high accuracy conversion without requiring any matching of components. The exact number of integer multiplications of the signal required by the conversion is realized through a cyclic multiplication circuit which is implemented through a ratio-independent switched capacitor circuit. The proposed circuit was simulated with SPICE. An 8-b experimental D/A converter has been built with discrete components and tested in the laboratory. The results are in close agreement with the theoretical predictions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The transcription factor Otx2 regulates choroid plexus development and function (2013)

The choroid plexuses (ChPs) are the main regulators of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition and thereby also control the composition of a principal source of signaling molecules that is in direct contact with neural stem cells in the developing brain. The regulators of ChP development mediating the acquisition of a fate that differs from the neighboring neuroepithelial cells are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate in mice a crucial role for the transcription factor Otx2 in the development and maintenance of ChP cells. Deletion of Otx2 by the Otx2-CreERT2 driver line at E9 resulted in a lack of all ChPs, whereas deletion by the Gdf7-Cre driver line affected predominately the hindbrain ChP, which was reduced in size, primarily owing to an increase in apoptosis upon Otx2 deletion. Strikingly, Otx2 was still required for the maintenance of hindbrain ChP cells at later stages when Otx2 deletion was induced at E15, demonstrating a central role of Otx2 in ChP development and maintenance. Moreover, the predominant defects in the hindbrain ChP mediated by Gdf7-Cre deletion of Otx2 revealed its key role in regulating early CSF composition, which was altered in protein content, including the levels of Wnt4 and the Wnt modulator Tgm2. Accordingly, proliferation and Wnt signaling levels were increased in the distant cerebral cortex, suggesting a role of the hindbrain ChP in regulating CSF composition, including key signaling molecules. Thus, Otx2 acts as a master regulator of ChP development, thereby influencing one of the principal sources of signaling in the developing brain, the CSF.
Subunit Interactions of the Nerve and Epidermal Growth Factor Complexes: Protection of the Biological Subunit from Proteolytic Modification (1985)

The nerve growth factor dimer (beta NGF) can undergo two proteolytic modifications, one near the amino terminus where a unique histidine/methionine bond is cleaved and the other at the carboxy terminus releasing the terminal arginine residue. The modification near the amino terminus, releasing the first eight amino acids as an octapeptide, occurs as the result of the action of a specific endopeptidase present in the submaxillary gland. This same enzyme was found to be present in high concentration in epinephrine-stimulated saliva (20 mM) and was isolated from this source. The subunit interactions in 7S NGF were considered by assessing the protection afforded by each subunit, individually and in combination, against these two proteolytic modifications. Similar experiments were attempted with high molecular weight epidermal growth factor (HMW-EGF), an analogous growth factor complex that can experience a single modification, the release of arginine by carboxypeptidase B from the carboxy terminus of its biological subunit, low molecular weight EGF (LMW-EGF). The amino terminal octapeptide of beta NGF is protected by both the alpha and gamma subunits of 7S NGF and its loss has no effect on 7S NGF complex stabilization by zinc. The carboxy terminal arginine is protected only by the gamma subunit. A scheme depicting the subunit interactions in 7S NGF is presented.
Quantum Mechanical Calculations to Assess the Antireversion Effects of Several Dienophiles (2001)

Abstract The utilization of Quantum mechanical calculations for substituted dienophiles in the Diels—Alder reaction is very useful in assessing the antireversion effect of various dienophiles. It has been demonstrated that citraconimides provide better antireversion properties than maleimides. A useful explanation is that although maleimides are better dienophiles, they do not survive the vulcanization medium and consequently are not available during the onset of reversion. The antireversion effect of dienophiles varies with the electronic and steric nature of the substituents on the double bond of the dienophile. Calculations are made to demonstrate the effectiveness of various dienophiles in a Diels—Alder reaction. A good correlation has been obtained between the calculations and experimental results.
The alternate-phase return-to-zero modulation format in high-speed optical-fibre communications (2006)

Increasing the channel bit rate is an efficient way to upgrade traffic capacity in installed transmission links. At bit rates of the order of 40 Gb/s, on-off keying transmission becomes severely impaired by non-linear effects,particularly Intra-channel Cross-Phase Modulation (IXPM) and Intra-channel Four-Wave Mixing (IFWM), which cause pulses in different bit slots to interact with each-other.IFWM is a phase sensitive process and can therefore be suppressed by proper phase modulation of the optical signal. This thesis introduces a new modulation format, called Alternate-Phase Return-to-Zero (APRZ), in which the phase of the optical signal alternates between neighbouring pulses. A variation of APRZ-Pairwise APRZ (PAPRZ) - is also studied. Theoretical analysis shows that a proper choice of the phase-modulation amplitude can make IFWM contributions coming from different pulse combinations to interfere destructively, therefore reducing the impact of IFWM.The theoretical predictions are verified through numerical simulations and laboratory experiments. It is shown that APRZ and PAPRZ can achieve a significant improvement in non-linear tolerance, compared to the standard return-to-zero (RZ) transmission format.
Main Features of JSME Design and Construction Code for Fast Reactors (2006)

Since its foundation in 1997, the Main Committee on Power Generation Facility Codes, MC-PGFC, of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, JSME, has issued a number of nuclear codes including the rules on design and construction and the rules on fitness-for-service for nuclear power plants. Some of these JSME nuclear codes have been endorsed by the regulatory body, and are now utilized in the regulatory processes of the actual plants. Among these nuclear codes recently published is the “rules on design and construction for fast reactors”. It includes as its main body design rules on class 1 components for elevated temperature services. This paper overview the main features of the code.
Electromagnetic Pulse Excitation of Finite-Long Dissipative Conductors over a Conducting Ground Plane in the Time Domain (2017)

This report details the modeling results for the response of a finite-length dissipative conductor interacting with a conducting ground to a hypothetical nuclear device with the same output energy spectrum as the Fat Man device. We use a time-domain method based on transmission line theory that allows accounting for time-varying air conductivities. We implemented such method in a code we call ATLOG - Analytic Transmission Line Over Ground. Results are compared the frequency-domain version of ATLOG previously developed and to the circuit simulator Xyce in some instances. Intentionally Left Blank
Ethylene Synthesis and Floral Senescence following Compatible and Incompatible Pollinations in Petunia inflata (1992)

Ethylene production and floral senescence following compatible and incompatible pollinations were studied in a self-incompatible species, Petunia inflata. Both compatible and incompatible pollinations resulted in a burst of ethylene synthesis that peaked 3 hours after pollination. P. inflata pollen was found to carry large amounts of the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). The amount of pollen-held ACC varied in different genetic backgrounds, and the magnitude of the peak correlated with the amount of ACC borne by the pollen. Aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), an inhibitor of ACC synthesis, had no inhibitory effect on this ethylene response, indicating that pollen-borne ACC was largely responsible for the early synthesis of ethylene. After compatible pollination, a second increase in ethylene synthesis began at 18 hours, and the first sign of senescence appeared at 36 hours. Upon treatment with AOA, the second phase of ethylene production was reduced by 95%, indicating that endogenous ACC synthesis was required for this phase of ethylene synthesis. AOA treatment also delayed senescence to 6 days after anthesis. After incompatible pollination, a second increase in ethylene production did not occur until 3 days, and the first sign of senescence occurred 12 hours later. Unpollinated flowers showed an increase in ethylene production 3 to 4 days after anthesis and displayed signs of senescence 1 day later. The significance of the early and late phases of pollination-induced ethylene synthesis is discussed.