gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct rod input to cone BCs and direct cone input to rod BCs challenge the traditional view of mammalian BC circuitry (2009)

Bipolar cells are the central neurons of the retina that transmit visual signals from rod and cone photoreceptors to third-order neurons in the inner retina and the brain. A dogma set forth by early anatomical studies is that bipolar cells in mammalian retinas receive segregated rod/cone synaptic inputs (either from rods or from cones), and here, we present evidence that challenges this traditional view. By analyzing light-evoked cation currents from morphologically identified depolarizing bipolar cells (DBCs) in the wild-type and three pathway-specific knockout mice (rod transducin knockout [Tralpha(-/-)], connexin36 knockout [Cx36(-/-)], and transcription factor beta4 knockout [Bhlhb4(-/-)]), we show that a subpopulation of rod DBCs (DBC(R2)s) receives substantial input directly from cones and a subpopulation of cone DBCs (DBC(C1)s) receives substantial input directly from rods. These results provide evidence of the existence of functional rod-DBC(C) and cone-DBC(R) synaptic pathways in the mouse retina as well as the previously proposed rod hyperpolarizing bipolar-cells pathway. This is grounds for revising the mammalian rod/cone bipolar cell dogma.
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) in the Off-Highway Vehicle: Part IV Electronic Design for EMC (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design considerations have a vital role in the proper functioning of the electronic circuits and systems of a modern off-highway vehicle (OHV). Careful planning is needed in developing the electronic systems that operate the various functions and tasks on these vehicles. Incorporation of EMC in a system design gives that system the quality of reliability; that is, the system will have reduced emissions and be less susceptible to radiated and conducted electromagnetic energy. This paper provides ideas, concepts, and guidelines that the designer of OHV control circuitry can use for incorporation of EMC at the beginning of a design project.</div>
AchievingPredictablePerformancethroughBetterMemory ControllerPlacementinMany-CoreCMPs (2009)

In the near term, Moore’s law will continue to provide an increasing number of transistors and therefore an increasing number of on-chip cores. Limited pin bandwidth prevents the integration of a large number of memory controllers on-chip. With many cores, and few memory controllers, where to locate the memory controllers in the on-chip interconnection fabric becomes an important and as yet unexplored question. In this paper we show how the location of the memory controllers can reduce contention (hot spots) in the on-chip fabric and lower the variance in reference latency. This in turn provides predictable performance for memory-intensive applications regardless of the processing core on which a thread is scheduled. We explore the design space of onchip fabrics to find optimal memory controller placement relative to different topologies (i.e. mesh and torus), routing algorithms, and workloads. CategoriesandSubjectDescriptors: C.1.2 [ComputerSystems Organization]: Interconnection architectures; B.4.2 [Input/OutputDevices]: Channels and Controllers
Ready to Put Metadata on the Post-2015 Development Agenda? Linking Data Publications to Responsible Innovation and Science Diplomacy (2014)

Metadata refer to descriptions about data or as some put it, "data about data." Metadata capture what happens on the backstage of science, on the trajectory from study conception, design, funding, implementation, and analysis to reporting. Definitions of metadata vary, but they can include the context information surrounding the practice of science, or data generated as one uses a technology, including transactional information about the user. As the pursuit of knowledge broadens in the 21(st) century from traditional "science of whats" (data) to include "science of hows" (metadata), we analyze the ways in which metadata serve as a catalyst for responsible and open innovation, and by extension, science diplomacy. In 2015, the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) will formally come to an end. Therefore, we propose that metadata, as an ingredient of responsible innovation, can help achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on the post-2015 agenda. Such responsible innovation, as a collective learning process, has become a key component, for example, of the European Union's 80 billion Euro Horizon 2020 R&D Program from 2014-2020. Looking ahead, OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology, is launching an initiative for a multi-omics metadata checklist that is flexible yet comprehensive, and will enable more complete utilization of single and multi-omics data sets through data harmonization and greater visibility and accessibility. The generation of metadata that shed light on how omics research is carried out, by whom and under what circumstances, will create an "intervention space" for integration of science with its socio-technical context. This will go a long way to addressing responsible innovation for a fairer and more transparent society. If we believe in science, then such reflexive qualities and commitments attained by availability of omics metadata are preconditions for a robust and socially attuned science, which can then remain broadly respected, independent, and responsibly innovative. "In Sierra Leone, we have not too much electricity. The lights will come on once in a week, and the rest of the month, dark[ness]. So I made my own battery to power light in people's houses." Kelvin Doe (Global Minimum, 2012) MIT Visiting Young Innovator Cambridge, USA, and Sierra Leone "An important function of the (Global) R&D Observatory will be to provide support and training to build capacity in the collection and analysis of R&D flows, and how to link them to the product pipeline." World Health Organization (2013) Draft Working Paper on a Global Health R&D Observatory.
Integrated Optic Sensor for Spacesuit Atmospheric Quality (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes a novel integrated optic spacesuit atmospheric quality sensor to enhance astronaut safety by monitoring the spacesuit's closed environment. The integrated optic sensor (IOS) is made of self-calibrating miniaturized channel waveguide elements that monitor oxygen concentration in real time. Fabrication employs direct photolithographic writing of channel waveguides onto a photoactive porous glass matrix. The active channel waveguide is doped with an oxygen-sensitive fluorescent indicator. A compact phase fluorometer measures relative fluorescence lifetime -- a direct function of the oxygen partial pressure. In testing, the IOS chip demonstrated a response time of 5 seconds from 0% to 100% oxygen at STP.</div>
Differential expression of the H-2Dk MHC class-I antigen and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in metastatic and nonmetastatic T-10 fibrosarcoma cells. (1992)

In previous studies, we have demonstrated that the highly metastatic IE-7 cell clone, derived from the T-10 fibrosarcoma, expressed both the H-2Dk and H-2Db genes, whereas a nonmetastatic IC-9 clone, derived from the same tumor, expressed only H-2Db, suggesting that the H-2Dk product might be involved in the metastatic phenotype. To substantiate this notion, IC-9 cells were transfected with an H-2Dk-expressing vector. Although all of the 4 randomly selected transfectant subclones elicited high H-2Dk expression, only one was as metastatic as IE-7 cells. This metastatic transfectant resembled IE-7 cells also in its inability to evoke CTL response in syngeneic mice, whereas the other transfectants were quite competent in this respect. It thus appears that the H-2Dk product may contribute to the metastatic phenotype provided that it is immunogenically abnormal. In addition, the present study provides evidence to suggest that lack of production of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases TIMP-1/TIMP-2 is another important determinant in the metastatic phenotype of these cells.
Stability analysis of anti-windup control systems: A review and some generalizations (1997)

Based on concepts derived from the absolute stability problem, we develop a general framework for analyzing stability of anti-windup control systems. We show that a number of previously reported attempts to analyze stability of anti-windup control systems, using seemingly diverse techniques such as the Popov, Circle and Off-Axis Circle criteria, the optimally scaled small-gain theorem and describing functions can be generalized within the framework of this paper.
Modified water‐filling algorithm for deliberately clipped OFDM signals (2012)

ABSTRACT The most well‐known drawback of multi‐carrier (MC) communication systems such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is the high dynamic range of its transmitted signal. However, it still has many advantages. One important advantage is the high spectral efficiency in a frequency selective channel environment. This spectral efficiency entitled MC system as ‘capacity achieving’ and indeed, nowadays, MC systems are able to get very close to the Shannon capacity bound. A very important element of the ‘capacity achieving’ is the water‐filling (WF) power‐loading method. This paper presents an innovative concept of combining the WF method with the ‘clipping and filtering’ peak to average power ratio reduction technique into a unified approach. The proposed system optimizes the channel capacity by controlling both the clipping amount together with the sub‐carrier power‐loading coefficients. This method will be shown to give greater performance than the traditional WF that does not use the clipping model. In addition, a computationally efficient algorithm that is suitable for real‐time implementation is proposed here. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient and selective hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidation of sulfides in batch and segmented and continuous flow using a peroxometalate-based polymer immobilised ionic liquid phase catalyst (2014)

Highly efficient sulfide oxidation has been achieved under segmented and continuous flow using a peroxometalate-based polymer immobilised ionic liquid phase catalyst.
Rapid Changes in Plant Genomes (2005)

Beginning with Mendel, plant research has been the source of revolutionary discoveries that have changed our views of heredity. Therefore, baffling new observations in plant genetics that challenge current concepts continue a long tradition. One of these challenges comes from the study of heritable
Observations of Stratospheric Aerosol Using CPFM Polarized Limb Radiances (1999)

The authors have used CPFM (composition and photodissociative flux measurement) polarized limb radiance measurements combined with a vector radiative transfer model to estimate stratospheric aerosol number density, extinction coefficient profiles, and size distribution. The CPFM spectroradiometer is flown on board the NASA ER-2 high-altitude research aircraft. The vertical and horizontal polarization components of limb radiance, nadir radiance, and horizontal flux are measured in the wavelength range 300–770 nm from approximately 5°–10° above to 5°–10° below the local horizon. Results from two flights during April and May 1997 as part of the Photochemistry of Ozone Loss in the Arctic Region in Summer campaign are presented. Aerosol characteristics are determined by forcing the model radiances and polarization to match the measurements. Results indicate number densities at 20 km are roughly 5–6 cm−3 with an effective radius of 0.17–0.20 μm. Number, surface area, and volume densities compare favorably with two in situ particle counters also flown on the ER-2.
Determination of the Natural Abundances of Krypton and Xenon Isotopes Using Mass Spectrometry: A Demonstration of Isotopes and the Basis of Atomic Mass (2002)

This paper describes the use of a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer to demonstrate the existence of isotopes to students in an introductory chemistry course. Fragmentation reactions are avoided through the use of a noble gas (krypton or xenon) as the analyte. Students are able to readily identify the naturally occurring isotopes of the noble gas, and the quantitative mass spectrometric data may be analyzed to calculate the natural abundance of each isotope and the mean atomic mass of the noble gas.
Application of Physical Organic Methods to the Investigation of Organometallic Reaction Mechanisms (2003)

For the past 75 years, physical organic chemistry has been the foundation for the elucidation of mechanisms, and the understanding of structure/activity relationships, in organic chemistry. The rational design of experiments and the critical analysis of data have been the hallmarks of this field. In this Perspective, we revisit some of the studies carried out during the past 30 years in which our group has used the tools of physical organic chemistry to investigate the mechanisms of a variety of organometallic reactions. The Perspective covers a broad spectrum of metal-mediated reactions including organic reductions, alkene, carbon monoxide and nitric oxide migratory insertion reactions, C-H bond activation, and the reactions of metal-heteroatom bonds with organic molecules. These studies, along with similar ones carried out in other groups, have demonstrated that the principles and methods of physical organic chemistry have adapted well to the study of organometallic reaction mechanisms. The understanding obtained in this way has aided the development of useful metal-mediated reactions in a wide range of areas, especially in industrial catalysis and in applications to problems in organic synthesis.
The MEDUSA class of autonomous marine vehicles and their role in EU projects (2016)

This paper describes a new class of autonomous marine vehicles named Medusa and highlights their role in a number of EU projects addressing multiple vehicle scenarios. The MEDUSA vehicles, with surface and diving versions, were designed and built at the Institute for Systems and Robotics, IST, Univ. de Lisboa, Portugal as a result of an effort aimed at affording researchers and practitioners of marine robotics tools to: i) assess the efficacy of cooperative motion control and navigation algorithms and ii) seamlessly execute scientific and commercial missions with multiple robots at sea. We first define the problem of designing the MEDUSA-class of vehicles by describing the desired functional requirements that motivated their development and then present our solution. Mechanical and electrical design considerations that relate to the requirements are explained, and the software architecture is described. This includes a brief overview of the navigation system, the main lower-level control loops which other features can build upon, and some of the higher-level algorithms for multiple-vehicle cooperative missions. We also illustrate the functionality of the mission control system, a dedicated software suite that allows operators to seamlessly program and follow the state of execution of cooperative missions involving multiple vehicles, possibly running different operations or missions in parallel. Finally, we summarize the participation of IST and the MEDUSA vehicles in a number of representative EC-funded Marine Robotics-related projects.
Generation and characterization of androgen receptor knockout (ARKO) mice: An <i>in vivo</i> model for the study of androgen functions in selective tissues (2002)

By using a cre-lox conditional knockout strategy, we report here the generation of androgen receptor knockout (ARKO) mice. Phenotype analysis shows that ARKO male mice have a female-like appearance and body weight. Their testes are 80% smaller and serum testosterone concentrations are lower than in wild-type (wt) mice. Spermatogenesis is arrested at pachytene spermatocytes. The number and size of adipocytes are also different between the wt and ARKO mice. Cancellous bone volumes of ARKO male mice are reduced compared with wt littermates. In addition, we found the average number of pups per litter in homologous and heterozygous ARKO female mice is lower than in wt female mice, suggesting potential defects in female fertility and/or ovulation. The cre-lox ARKO mouse provides a much-needed in vivo animal model to study androgen functions in the selective androgen target tissues in female or male mice.
Directional depth migration (1985)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1985Directional depth migrationAuthors: J. H. HigginbothamY. ShinD. V. SukupJ. H. HigginbothamTexaco Inc., Y. ShinTexaco Inc., and D. V. SukupTexaco Inc.https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892618 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1985ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1985 Pages: 643 publication data© 1985 Copyright © 1985 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 07 Mar 2005 CITATION INFORMATION J. H. Higginbotham, Y. Shin, and D. V. Sukup, (1985), "Directional depth migration," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 408-410. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892618 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
MTEM demonstration survey in France (2005)

We present results of a ‘blind’ demonstration of the Multi‐Transient Electro‐Magnetic (MTEM) method over a gas storage reservoir in the south of France using a new custom‐built system. A real‐time appraisal of the data using data‐processing methods similar to those used in seismic exploration indicates the depth and lateral extent of a subsurface resistor which correlates with known gas in a natural sandstone reservoir of relatively shallow burial and simple structure.
Optimisation of Drug Delivery: 5. Pulmonary Drug Delivery (1998)

This article reviews the origins, current status and possible future directions for drug delivery by the pulmonary route. Deposition of drugs in the lungs is briefly discussed and methods to improve pulmonary bioavailability are outlined. Design aspects of pulmonary drug delivery systems and products available in Australia are reviewed.
Statistical transliteration for english-arabic cross language information retrieval (2003)

Out of vocabulary (OOV) words are problematic for cross language information retrieval. One way to deal with OOV words when the two languages have different alphabets, is to transliterate the unknown words, that is, to render them in the orthography of the second language. In the present study, we present a simple statistical technique to train an English to Arabic transliteration model from pairs of names. We call this a selected n-gram model because a two-stage training procedure first learns which n-gram segments should be added to the unigram inventory for the source language, and then a second stage learns the translation model over this inventory. This technique requires no heuristics or linguistic knowledge of either language. We evaluate the statistically-trained model and a simpler hand-crafted model on a test set of named entities from the Arabic AFP corpus and demonstrate that they perform better than two online translation sources. We also explore the effectiveness of these systems on the TREC 2002 cross language IR task. We find that transliteration either of OOV named entities or of all OOV words is an effective approach for cross language IR.
Codling Moth1Sex Pheromone: Baits for Mass Trapping and Population Survey2 (1976)

Journal Article Codling Moth Sex Pheromone: Baits for Mass Trapping and Population Survey Get access J. C. Maitlen, J. C. Maitlen Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Yakima, WA 98902 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. M. McDonough, L. M. McDonough Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Yakima, WA 98902 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. R. Moffiti, H. R. Moffiti Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Yakima, WA 98902 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. A. George D. A. George Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Yakima, WA 98902 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 5, Issue 1, 1 February 1976, Pages 199–202, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/5.1.199 Published: 01 February 1976 Article history Received: 29 August 1975 Published: 01 February 1976
Spin Wave Theory of the Two-Dimensional Heisenberg Antiferromagnet Coupled with Localized Holes (1989)

The spin wave theory of the two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a square lattice coupled with localized holes, i.e., extra spins, is investigated. This model is a limiting case of the coupled spin-fermion model presented recently to investigate the magnetic mechanism of high- T c superconductivity. Two schemes of the spin wave theory are proposed according to the relative magnitude of J K (coupling between the extra and the substrate spins) to J S (coupling between the substrate spins). The following conclusions are obtained. (1) Small antiferromagnetic (AF) J K as well as ferromagnetic (F) J K enhances the AF long-range order suppressing the quantum fluctuations. Large AF J K , however, reduces the AF long-range order and enhances the quantum fluctuations. We obtain the large attractive interaction only in the latter case. (2) The susceptibility χ ⊥ perpendicular to the staggered magnetization is logarithmically divergent with respect to the external frequency ω when one extra spin is introduced.
Direct Determination of the Transfer Function of an Infrared Spectrometer (1966)

The transfer functions S˜(σ) of infrared spectrometers for incoherent illumination are determined using a lamellar grating interferometer. The spectrometer is illuminated with incoherent radiation and the spectral distribution S(ν − ν0) of its output radiation is studied with the interferometer. The interferometer output F(σ) is the Fourier transform of S(ν − ν0), and the envelope of F(σ) yields directly the transfer function S˜(σ) of the spectrometer. This technique is used rather than the usual one of using a narrow spectral line because no such lines from thermal sources are available in the far-infrared. Laser radiation is unsuitable because it would yield the transfer function of a spectrometer in coherent radiation and this function is of no use for the majority of experiments where the spectrometer is incoherently illuminated. Experimental measurements show a good agreement with theoretically predicted results.
Relativistic laser channeling into high-density plasmas (2006)

We experimentally studied relativistic laser propagation in preplasmas at the highest powers ever attempted-0.2 to 0.4petawatt. We demonstrated a single conical-shaped plasma channel formation extending several hundred microns in length from the under dense to over dense plasmas, indicating whole-beam self-focused laser channeling into the high-density plasma. The channel cone was reproduced by a three dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. The confirmation of the relativistic laser channeling into high-density plasmas holds the promise of fast igniting a highly compressed fuel plasma core.