gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A compartmental model of magnesium metabolism in healthy men based on two stable isotope tracers (2003)

The aim of this study was to build a compartmental model of magnesium (Mg) kinetics by using data collected from six healthy adult men after oral administration of 26Mg and intravenous administration of 25Mg. Blood, urine, and feces were collected for 12 days after administration of the isotopes. Isotopic ratios were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed for each subject using SAAMII. We began with a compartmental model previously proposed (Avioli LV and Berman M. J Appl Physiol 21: 1688-1694, 1966) and developed an alternative approach to resolve the discrepancy between model-predicted curves and experimental data. This analysis enables the exploration of 25% of total body Mg that exchanges rapidly from plasma compartment with two extraplasma pools. One of the extraplasma compartments contains 80% of the exchangeable Mg with a transport rate of 48 +/- 13 mg/h. The second exchanges 179 +/- 88 mg of Mg/h. The model permitted estimation of kinetic parameters as well as fractional Mg absorption and fecal endogenous excretion.
Pharmacokinetic Studies with Trimethoprim and Different Doses of Sulfadiazine in Healthy Human Subjects (1973)

Concentrations of sulfadiazine were compared with those of sulfamethoxazole after combination treatment of sulfonamide plus trimethoprim. Sulfadiazine was used in doses of 1.6, 1.0 or 0.6 g ini, and thereafter half of the initial dose twice daily. The initial dose of sulfamethoxazole was 1.6 g and the subsequent doses 0.8 g twice daily. All of these preparations contained the same amount of trimethoprim, 320 mg initially and then 160 mg twice daily. In plasma the free minimum concentrations of sulfadiazine were more than 10 mg/l even after the lowest dose, and both after the initial dose and after subsequent doses. Because of the more favorable MIC of sulfadiazine, these are more effective free concentrations than those obtained after conventional doses of sulfisoxazole. The free minimum concentrations of sulfamethoxazole were over 15 mg/l, which were approximately the same as those after the highest dose of sulfadiazine. In urine the free effective concentrations after sulfamethoxazole and even the lowest dose of sulfadiazine were well over 100 mg/l. The apparent half-lives of sulfamethoxazole and sulfadiazine were 13.4 ± 2.8 h and 14.9 ± 8.7 h, respectively. The minimum concentrations of trimethroprim were higher than 1 mg/l on an average. There were no differences between different combinations in this respect. It is concluded that on the pharmacokinetic basis, sulfadiazine appears to be as good a choice for combinations with trimethoprim as is sulfamethoxazole. Theoretically, it is effective at the same dosage level as sulfamethoxazole. This is due to its favorable pharmacokinetic properties, namely low protein-binding and relatively low degree of metabolism. As compared with sulfisoxazole, both of these sulfonamides are overdosed, and clinical trials by using a lower dosage appear feasible.
Deconvolution Approaches in Screening Compound Mixtures (1997)

Combinatorial chemistry initiatives can be used to generate compound mixtures, and it has become a challenge to effectively screen these mixtures for activity against a specified target. Overall mixture activity can be readily measured, however it is not c;J. straightforward matter to identify all those components giving rise to the total activity (a process referred to as deconvolution). This review discusses the attraction in preparing and screening mixtures, and also addresses the difficulties inherent in their screening. Attention is paid to the current approaches of achieving mixture deconvolution, including synthetic pooling, fractionation, affinity-based isolation, and techniques requiring no physical separation. Recent successes in mixture screening suggest a rekindled interest in this area
Chromomycin A3 as a Blueprint for Designed Metal Complexes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChromomycin A3 as a Blueprint for Designed Metal ComplexesDomingos J. Silva, Daniel Kahne, and Christina M. KramlCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6, 2641–2642Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00085a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00085a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Transforming growth factor-? is an autocrine mitogen for a novel androgen-responsive murine prostatic smooth muscle cell line, PSMC1 (2000)

A prostatic smooth muscle cell line (PSMC1) was established from the dorsolateral prostate of p53 null mice. The cell line is nontumorigenic when inoculated subcutaneously, under the renal capsule or intraprostatically in syngeneic mice. These cells express alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), indicating their smooth muscle origin, and TGF-beta significantly enhances expression of alpha-SMA. The cells express both androgen receptor (AR) mRNA and protein, and respond mitogenically to physiological concentrations of androgens. PSMC1 cells produce significant amounts of TGF-beta, which stimulates growth by an autocrine mechanism. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increases proliferation of PSMC1 cells by promoting TGF-beta secretion. Considering the significant inhibitory effect of TGF-beta on prostatic epithelial cells and its stimulatory effect on the PSMC1 cells, we postulate that TGF-beta produced by prostatic smooth muscle cells may have a paracrine effect on the prostatic epithelium. We also postulate that TGF-beta may be involved in the etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by stimulating excessive stromal proliferation. Line PSMC1 is the first reported androgen-responsive murine smooth muscle cell line. It will be useful for in vivo and in vitro experiments to study the mechanisms of androgen action on prostatic stroma and for delineating the interactions that occur between prostatic smooth muscle and epithelium that may lead to prostatic diseases such as BPH.
Serological profiles of pan-coronavirus-specific responses in COVID-19 patients using a multiplexed electro-chemiluminescence-based testing platform (2021)

Serological assessment of SARS-CoV-2 specific responses are an essential tool for determining the prevalence of past SARS-CoV-2 infections in the population especially when testing occurs after symptoms have developed and limited contact tracing is in place. The goal of our study was to test a new 10-plex electro-chemiluminescence-based assay to measure IgM and IgG responses to the spike proteins from multiple human coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2, assess the epitope specificity of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response against full-length spike protein, receptor-binding domain and N-terminal domain of the spike protein, and the nucleocapsid protein. We carried out the assay on samples collected from three sample groups: subjects diagnosed with COVID-19 from the U.S. Army hospital at Camp Humphreys in Pyeongtaek, South Korea; healthcare administrators from the same hospital but with no reported diagnosis of COVID-19; and pre-pandemic samples. We found that the new CoV-specific multiplex assay was highly sensitive allowing plasma samples to be diluted 1:30,000 with a robust signal. The reactivity of IgG responses to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and IgM responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein could distinguish COVID-19 samples from non-COVID-19 and pre-pandemic samples. The data from the three sample groups also revealed a unique pattern of cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and seasonal coronaviruses HKU1 and OC43. Our findings show that the CoV-2 IgM response is highly specific while the CoV-2 IgG response is more cross-reactive across a range of human CoVs and also showed that IgM and IgG responses show distinct patterns of epitope specificity. In summary, this multiplex assay was able to distinguish samples by COVID-19 status and characterize distinct trends in terms of cross-reactivity and fine-specificity in antibody responses, underscoring its potential value in diagnostic or serosurveillance efforts.
Synthesis of Rhodotorulic Acid (1972)

Abstract Rhodotorulic acid (I) was synthesized by a series of reaction starting from Nδ-tosyl-Nδ-benzyloxy-l-ornithine. Detosylation and acetylation of intermediate, cyclo-di-Nδ-tosyl-Nδ-benzyloxy-l-ornithyl (Ll-IX), afforded cyclo-di-Nδ-acetyl-Nδ-benzyloxy-l-ornithyl (Ll-XI), which, on reductive debenzylation, gave rhodotorulic acid.
Integrity Concepts for Galileo's Local Component (2003)

This paper describes the provision of Integrity information to users via Local Component mechanisms for the Galileo Satellite Navigation System. The current status and limitations of Galileo and GPS (Global / Regional) Integrity Monitoring and RAIM are identified in order to scope the scenario in which Galileo's Local Component should enhance performance. Concepts and architecture for Local Elements are presented. Integrity information provided to users by Local Component Reference Stations can enhance user performance in terms of Availability, Integrity Risk, and Time to Alert (TTA). Differential data provision to Users is also considered as an additional service from the Local Element. As well as the benefits noted above for Integrity data, differential corrections facilitate enhanced user positioning accuracy. The use of Local Dissemination of integrity information via a dedicated radio link to Users is contrasted with the use of pseudolites. User performance will be enhanced by the geometry of the pseudolites measurements if these are used as additional ranging sources. If however, integrity data were carried as part of the pseudolite navigation message, then the rate at which this data may be provided would be severely constrained, potentially impacting TTA. A proprietary GNSS performance simulator is described and results of performance simulations for local component integrity are presented to highlight the potential role for this segment. Finally the paper outlines the current programme of development of the Galileo Local Segment, and describes plans for the future.
Leptin and Its Emerging Role in Children and Adolescents (2006)

Leptin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone which plays a key role in energy homeostasis. Recent "proof of concept" studies involving leptin administration to humans support its critical role in regulating energy homeostasis, neuroendocrine and immune function as well as insulin resistance in states of energy/ caloric deprivation. Moreover, interventional studies in leptin deficient children and observational studies in normal girls and boys support a role for leptin as a permissive factor for the initiation of puberty in children. The potential clinical usefulness of leptin in several disease states in children and adolescents, including hypothalamic amenorrhea, eating disorders and syndromes of insulin resistance is still under investigation.
Deformation Behaviour of a Commercial Pure Titanium Alloy during Hot Compression Testing (2013)

The flow curve behavior and microstructure evolution of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) through uniaxial hot compression was investigated at 850 °C and a strain rate of 0.1/s. Electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) was employed to characterize the microstructure and crystallographic texture development for different thermomechanical conditions. The stress-strain curves of CP-Ti alloy under hot compression displayed a typical flow behavior of metals undergoing dynamic recrystallization (DRX), which resulted in grain refinement. The critical strain for the onset of DRX was 0.13 using the double differentiation analysis technique. It was also revealed that the texture was markably altered during hot deformation.
Image registration using 2D projection transformation invariant GPT correlation (2019)

This paper describes a new method of image registration using distortion-tolerant template matching via multi-scale subwindow search. Here, we make full use of the GPT (Global Projection Transformation) correlation technique that maximizes a normalized cross-correlation value between an optimally 2D projection transformed template and a subwindow area of an input image. In particular, we propose to adaptively change the shape of the subwindow area from an original rectangle to its 2D projection transformed one through iterative matching process via the GPT correlation. We name this algorithm: adaptive subwindow control. Experiments made on the well-known datasets, Graﬃti and Boat, show that the proposed method achieves a far superior ability of image registration under varying zoom, rotation, and viewpoints to the well-known feature-point based technique: a combination of ASIFT (Aﬃne Scale-Invariant Feature Transform) and RANSAC (Random Sample Consensus).
Statistical Theory for Protein Combinatorial Libraries (2001)

Combinatorial experiments provide new ways to probe the determinants of protein folding and to identify novel folding amino acid sequences. These types of experiments, however, are complicated both by enormous conformational complexity and by large numbers of possible sequences. Therefore, a quantitative computational theory would be helpful in designing and interpreting these types of experiment. Here, we present and apply a statistically based, computational approach for identifying the properties of sequences compatible with a given main-chain structure. Protein side-chain conformations are included in an atom-based fashion. Calculations are performed for a variety of similar backbone structures to identify sequence properties that are robust with respect to minor changes in main-chain structure. Rather than specific sequences, the method yields the likelihood of each of the amino acids at preselected positions in a given protein structure. The theory may be used to quantify the characteristics of sequence space for a chosen structure without explicitly tabulating sequences. To account for hydrophobic effects, we introduce an environmental energy that it is consistent with other simple hydrophobicity scales and show that it is effective for side-chain modeling. We apply the method to calculate the identity probabilities of selected positions of the immunoglobulin light chain-binding domain of protein L, for which many variant folding sequences are available. The calculations compare favorably with the experimentally observed identity probabilities.
Strategies for tolerance induction to composite tissue allografts (2000)

The emerging field of composite tissue transplantation offers the potential to replace lost tissues from cadaveric sources. Two major obstacles currently limit the future of composite tissue allotransplantation. The first is chronic rejection, attributed to both antibody deposition and cell-mediated destruction of transplanted tissue. The second obstacle is complications associated with the chronic use of immunosuppressive agents. Our laboratory has been investigating several strategies to induce tolerance to limb tissue allografts to provide solutions to many of the current limitations in allotransplantation. Three strategies show promise in the ability to induce tolerance to organ allografts. The first involves genetic matching at the HLA loci followed by a short course of immunosuppression. The second is the application of a "mixed chimerism" regimen followed by transplantation. The third is costimulatory blockade using a short course of monoclonal antibodies, such as anti-CD40 ligand and CTLA4-Ig after transplantation. Inducing a state of tolerance to limb allografts would eliminate the need for chronic immunosuppression and may also prevent the onset of chronic rejection. The ability to induce allograft tolerance would greatly expand the indications for composite tissue transplantation.
Transparent, High‐Thermal‐Conductivity Ultradrawn Polyethylene/Graphene Nanocomposite Films (2019)

Transparent, ultradrawn, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/graphene nanocomposite films with a high thermal conductivity are successfully fabricated by solution-casting and solid-state drawing. It is found that the low optical transmittance (<75%) of the ultradrawn UHMWPE/graphene composite films is drastically improved (>90%) by adding 2-(2H-benzontriazol-2-yl)-4,6-ditertpentylphenol (BZT) as a second additive. This high transmission is interpreted in terms of a reduced void content in the composite films and the improved dispersion of graphene both of which decrease light scattering. The high thermal conductivity is attributed to the π-π interaction between BZT and graphene. In addition, a high specific thermal conductivity of ≈75 W m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup> ρ<sup>-1</sup> of the ultradrawn UHMWPE/graphene/BZT composite films is obtained, which is higher than most metals and polymer nanocomposite. These transparent films are potentially excellent candidates for thermal management in various applications due to a combination of low density, ease of processing, and high thermal conductivity.
Criteria for Comparing the Suitability of Microwave Amplifiers for Driving TeV Linear Colliders (1994)

Many types of microwave amplifiers are being considered at various institutions as candidate sources for driving future linear colliders. The choice of operating frequency ranges from 2.85 GHz to 35 GHz. Peak microwave output power and pulse duration also vary widely. In this paper, we propose three criteria for evaluating and comparing amplifier options. These are as follows: 1) N/sub t/, the number of amplifiers required to drive an accelerator with a given final energy and a given accelerating gradient; 2) V, the voltage required to operate the microwave amplifier; and 3) /spl etasub T/, the overall efficiency including the output efficiency of the amplifier, the efficiency of the pulse compression circuit if any is used, and the high voltage modulator pulse-shape efficiency. All of these criteria will affect the cost of a linear collider system. The cost of the microwave amplifiers will, of course,equal the cost of each amplifier (with its associated power supplies, magnets, and pulse compression circuit) multiplied by the number of amplifiers, system. The cost of each amplifier and its power supply/modulator will increase with the voltage, V. In fact, we have chosen to restrict our consideration of specific amplifiers to those in which V >
A Sabin 3-Derived Poliovirus Recombinant Contained a Sequence Homologous with Indigenous Human Enterovirus Species C in the Viral Polymerase Coding Region (2005)

Outbreaks of poliomyelitis caused by circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) have been reported in areas where indigenous wild polioviruses (PVs) were eliminated by vaccination. Most of these cVDPVs contained unidentified sequences in the nonstructural protein coding region which were considered to be derived from human enterovirus species C (HEV-C) by recombination. In this study, we report isolation of a Sabin 3-derived PV recombinant (Cambodia-02) from an acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) case in Cambodia in 2002. We attempted to identify the putative recombination counterpart of Cambodia-02 by sequence analysis of nonpolio enterovirus isolates from AFP cases in Cambodia from 1999 to 2003. Based on the previously estimated evolution rates of PVs, the recombination event resulting in Cambodia-02 was estimated to have occurred within 6 months after the administration of oral PV vaccine (99.3% nucleotide identity in VP1 region). The 2BC and the 3D(pol) coding regions of Cambodia-02 were grouped into the genetic cluster of indigenous coxsackie A virus type 17 (CAV17) (the highest [87.1%] nucleotide identity) and the cluster of indigenous CAV13-CAV18 (the highest [94.9%] nucleotide identity) by the phylogenic analysis of the HEV-C isolates in 2002, respectively. CAV13-CAV18 and CAV17 were the dominant HEV-C serotypes in 2002 but not in 2001 and in 2003. We found a putative recombination between CAV13-CAV18 and CAV17 in the 3CD(pro) coding region of a CAV17 isolate. These results suggested that a part of the 3D(pol) coding region of PV3(Cambodia-02) was derived from a HEV-C strain genetically related to indigenous CAV13-CAV18 strains in 2002 in Cambodia.
Thermochemistry of Bis(tropolonato)copper(II) (1977)

Abstract The standard enthalpy of formation of crystalline bis(tropolonato)copper(II) has been determined at 298.15 K by solution calorimetry: ΔHf°[Cu(trop)2] (c)=−102.47±0.42 kcal mol−1. Enthalpy changes at 298.15 K for the following hypothetical gaseous reactions have been subsequently derived: 2& Cu(g)+2 trop^.(g)=[Cu(trop)_2](c) & & ΔH=-150.4±14.1 kcal mol^-1 & Cu^2+(g)+2 trop^-(g)=[Cu(trop)_2](c) & & ΔH=-731.4±11.4 kcal mol^-1 The corresponding homolytic (E) and heterolytic(E′) copper(II)-oxygen bond energy parameters were calculated as E_Cu–o=38±4 kcal mol^-1 and E’_Cu–o=183±3 kcal mol^-1 respectively.
Development of Biometric Systems for Person Recognition: Biometric Feature Systems, Traits and Acquisition (2010)

In this paper biometric feature systems and multimodal databases for biometric recognition systems are analyzed on the basis of scientific publications in IEEE Xplore digital library. It is shown that wavelet transform coefficients are the most universal feature used in biometric person recognition systems – it is among five frequently used features used in all five popular traits. Moreover, face is the most frequently used trait in multimodal person recognition systems – it is used along with 48 % of iris, 44 % of fingerprint, 33 % of voice and 24 % of signature multimodal systems. Analysis of 15 multimodal databases reveals the fact, that older multimodal databases, e. g., XM2VTS, are still widely used for comparison. However databases such as Biosecure are more versatile and should become more popular soon if a free access will be provided.
Development of Cooled Tools for Press Hardening of Boron Steel Sheets (2007)

Two central topics of modern automotive constructions refer to automotive lightweight constructions and safety; this is best indicated by the most various developments in the context of body constructions. The consistent evaluation of cars by means of crash tests has led to the fact that new manufacturing variants combined with the use of high and ultra high strength materials represent a fundamental part of the body in white. One possibility to form such materials is given by the hot forming process. An innovative approach, namely to improve this procedure in economic and technological terms, is represented by the new tool system for tempered forming processes carried out at the Institute Tools & Forming (T&F). The integration of most complex cooling duct geometries by casting integral tube networks into the tool represents an innovative possibility to improve the cooling performance combined with the reduction of the cycle times.