gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigations to evaluate benefits of using compost amendments to modify expansive soils (2007)

Composting is a successful method of recycling organic waste materials such as yard trimmings, municipal biosolids, animal manure and organic urban wastes into stabilised materials that could be used for bioremediation, erosion control, landscaping, and roadside vegetation. The process of organic wastes composting is expanding rapidly in the USA and other countries since landfill spaces for disposal of organic wastes are becoming scarce and expensive. Researchers and practitioners always seek new application areas for composts. Compost materials, given their moisture affinity (hydrophilic characteristics) and low permeability characteristics, could provide stabilisation of natural expansive subgrades by mitigating shrinkage cracking and encapsulating subsoil surfaces. In order to verify these advantages, a research study was conducted to measure geotechnical characteristics of composts and Compost-Treated Topsoils (CMTs). Two types of composts, dairy manure and biosolids, and a local expansive soil were studied. This paper presents the laboratory test results, which showed that compost amendments resulted in the reductions of linear shrinkage strains and increase of shear strength and swell strains. Ranking analyses of test results also showed that compost amendments provided low to moderate enhancements to subsoil properties. Currently, field studies are being conducted to address potential applications of CMTs as unpaved shoulder covers to encapsulate and maintain compaction moisture conditions.
Decreased Proliferation Kinetics of Mouse Myoblasts Overexpressing FRG1 (2011)

Although recent publications have linked the molecular events driving facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) to expression of the double homeobox transcription factor DUX4, overexpression of FRG1 has been proposed as one alternative causal agent as mice overexpressing FRG1 present with muscular dystrophy. Here, we characterize proliferative defects in two independent myoblast lines overexpressing FRG1. Myoblasts isolated from thigh muscle of FRG1 transgenic mice, an affected dystrophic muscle, exhibit delayed proliferation as measured by decreased clone size, whereas myoblasts isolated from the unaffected diaphragm muscle proliferated normally. To confirm the observation that overexpression of FRG1 could impair myoblast proliferation, we examined C2C12 myoblasts with inducible overexpression of FRG1, finding increased doubling time and G1-phase cells in mass culture after induction of FRG1 and decreased levels of pRb phosphorylation. We propose that depressed myoblast proliferation may contribute to the pathology of mice overexpressing FRG1 and may play a part in FSHD.
NEURAL CONTROL OF METAMORPHOSIS IN<i>DENDRASTER EXCENTRICUS</i> (1983)

Glyoxilic acid induced fluorescence histochemistry and ultrastructural observations indicate that the larval nervous system includes an apical region of neuropile on the oral hood between the anterolateral arms and a ganglion comprised of nerve cell bodies and neuropile on the lower lip of the larval mouth. Electrical stimulation induced metamorphosis more frequently and with a lower mean threshold when a suction electrode was attached to either of these two nerve centers. When the entire oral hood, including oral ganglion and apical neuropile was excised, it and the posterior regions of the larva metamorphose spontaneously. Neither the excised pre-oral hood nor the remaining portions containing the oral ganglion and the adult rudiment metamorphose until exposed to the chemical cue that naturally induces metamorphosis. Excised larval arms do not respond to the natural cue. 10-5 M dopamine induced metamorphosis in a small proportion of larvae, and l0-5 M L-dopa and dopamine induced metamorphic responses in excised larval arms. It is proposed that the apical neuropile and oral ganglion are nerve centers that mediate between the perception of the natural cue and control the initiation of metamorphosis.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISTRY OF ALIPHATIC CARBOCATIONS. 12. ALKYL SHIFTS BETWEEN SECONDARY Y CARBON ATOMS (1980)

Abstract Die Desaminierung des Amins (I) führt über das Diazoniumion (II), dessen Zerfall die Alkohole (III) als Hauptprodukt (durch 1,2‐H‐Verschiebung), (IV) (durch Substitution) und (V) (durch Methylwanderung) liefert, wobei sowohl unterhalb als auch oberhalb der cmc threo‐ und erythro‐Form von (V) mit unterschiedlicher enantiomerer Reinheit entstehen.
Decision Fusion of Circulating Markers for Breast Cancer Detection in Premenopausal Women (2007)

Current mammographic screening for breast cancer is less effective for younger women. To complement mammography for premenopausal women, we investigated the feasibility screening test using 98 blood serum proteins. Because the data set was very noisy and contained only weak features, we used a classifier designed for noisy data: decision fusion. Decision fusion outperformed both a support vector machine (SVM) and linear regression with forward stepwise feature selection on all three two-class classification tasks: normal tissue vs. cancer, normal tissue vs. benign lesions, and benign lesions vs. cancer. Decision fusion detected cancer moderately well (AUC=0.84 on normal vs. cancer), demonstrating promise as a screening tool. Decision fusion also detected benign lesions similarly well (AUC=0.83 on normal vs. benign lesions) and was the only classifier to achieve any success in separating benign from malignant lesions (AUC=0.64 on benign vs. cancer). The classification results suggest that the assayed proteins are more indicative of a secondary effect, such as immune response, rather than specific for breast cancer. In conclusion, the decision fusion classifier demonstrated some promise in detecting breast lesions and outperformed other classifiers, especially for the very noisy classification problem of distinguishing benign from malignant lesions.
Design and Implementation of Systems for Monitoring Lifetime Data (2012)

We discuss the problem of monitoring data streams corresponding to a sequence of lifetime tests with censoring. The parameters of the lifetime distribution undergo abrupt changes of unknown magnitude at some unknown points in time. Situations of this type are common in the areas of ongoing reliability tests (ORT) and analysis of warranty data. The main technical difficulty of the detection problem is related to the dynamic nature of the data acquisition process, as the information collected at consecutive points in time generally affects data for a broad range of lifetime tests in progress. We discuss issues and approaches related to monitoring such types of data and give examples related to reliability monitoring of computer components. The emphasis is on a Cusum – based approach and issues related to its implementation in systems for warranty data monitoring deployed in the IBM Personal Systems Division.
Clinical presentation of lassa fever cases during the hospital epidemic at Zorzor, Liberia, March-April 1972 (1973)

In March and April 1972 a nosocomial Lassa fever epidemic occurred in Curran Lutheran Hospital, Zorzor, Liberia. The index case, an obstetrical patient, was the source of infection for 10 secondary cases, with 4 deaths. Symptoms were those of a severe viral illness, with headache, sore throat, myalgia, vomiting, and diarrhea. Neck and facial edema and an erythematous maculopapular rash occurred in the more severe cases. Hearing loss was noted in three patients. Sporadic cases clinically compatible with Lassa fever had been noted in Zorzor District for up to 5 years before this outbreak, and they continue to occur.
Optical diffraction inspection of periodic structures using neural networks (1998)

An optical diffraction method is described for inspecting peri- odic structures such as combs or semiconductor leads. Coherent light passing between the prongs of the structure self-interfere at the frac- tional Talbot plane to provide a simple method of inspection. Computer simulation and laboratory experiments show the viability of this ap- proach. The theory assumes infinite structures. In practice, large end effect signals arise due to the finiteness of the periodic structure. A neu- ral network is demonstrated that learns to distinguish end effect signals from prong damage signals. The variability of the measuring process in a production environment makes neural networks an appropriate approach for this task. © 1998 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(98)02303-4)
Synthesis of Methyl 2-[(Benzyloxycarbonyl)amino]-3-cyanopropenoate and Its Transformations into Derivatives of Pyrrole, 2,5-Dioxoimidazolidine, 1H-Pyrazole, and 4,6-Diaminopyridazine (2006)

Methyl (E)-2-[(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino]-3-cyanopropenoate (4) was, as a versatile multifunctional reagent, transformed with hydrazine and monosubstituted aromatic and heteroaromatic hydrazines under various conditions into derivatives of pyridazine (6), pyrrole (7), imidazole-2,4-dione (9), and pyrazole (13).
Interaction of cyclodextrins with lipid membrane. (1987)

脂質膜に対するシクロデキストリン(CD)の膜破壊性を卵黄レシチンとコレステロールのモル比の異なるリボソームの内水相に水溶性マーカー(カルセイン)を内封させ,外水相に種々の濃度の異なったCDを加え,マーカーの外水相への漏出から調べた。卵黄レシチンのみからなるリボソームでは,ジ-0-メチル-β->α->β->トリ-0-メチル-β->γ-CDの順に膜破壊性が強く,それぞれコレステロールとレシチンを42モル%含むリポソームでは,ジ-0-メチル-β->β->α->r>トリ-0-メチル-β-CDの順になった。一方,ジミリストイルホスファチジルコリン(DMPC)または,コレステロール単分子膜の水相に,α-,β-,γ-CDを加え表面圧の経時変化を調べた。DMPC膜ではα->β->γ-CDの順にく表面圧の減少が大きく,コレステロール膜ではβ->γ->α-CDの順に大きく減少した。これらの結果から,メチル化されていないCDでは,主として内空孔の大きさにより,メチル化されたCDでは内空孔の大きさと,分子のもつ疎水性も関与して,脂質膜中の分子を認識し,包接体を形成し膜破壊をすることが明らかになった。
Representation of Action Sequence Boundaries by Macaque Prefrontal Cortical Neurons (2003)

Complex biological systems such as human language and the genetic code are characterized by explicit markers at the beginning and end of functional sequences. We report here that macaque prefrontal cortical neurons exhibit phasic peaks of spike activity that occur at the beginning and endpoint of sequential oculomotor saccade performance and have the properties of dynamic start- and end-state encoders accompanying responses to sequential actions. Sequence bounding may thus reflect a general mechanism for encoding biological information.
Investigation on the high speed modulation in (GaIn)(NAs)/GaAs lasers (2005)

The potential of 1.3um GaInNAs SQW laser diodes for high speed operation is experimentally investigated in this paper, computing the differential gain, dg/dn, at a temperature range suitable for most network applications (293K-348K) and the small signal modulation bandwidth. The investigation begins with a basic characterization calculating the T0, with a value of 56K in a range of temperatures of 293K-318K. The lasing wavelength at 293K is found to be 1250nm with a linear temperature dependence of 0.377nm/K. Secondly, the paper presents a detailed study of the modulation bandwidth of the device, obtaining a value of 6.06Ghz for the maximum modulation bandwidth at 293K. In a range of temperatures of 293K-318K, the modulation bandwidth is found to decrease only slightly with the temperature with a slope of 0.0088Ghz/K. Finally, the paper explains the temperature behaviour obtained for the modulation bandwidth studying the temperature dependence of the differential gain, dg/dn. For this evaluation, the value of the differential gain with the current (how the peak gain changes with the sub-threshold bias current applied to the sample), dg/dI, is obtained using the Hakki-Paoli method. Using impedance measurements, a relation between the carrier density, n, and the bias current applied to the laser, I, has been obtained. With this relation, we obtained the differential current with the carrier density, dI/dn. Then, we calculated the differential gain dg/dn = dg/dI * dI/dn. To conclude we saw how the differential gain, dg/dn, has been found to have similar temperature behaviour as the small signal modulation bandwidth.
Characterization of both myocardial extracellular volume expansion and myocyte hypertrophy by CMR in heart transplantation recipients without active rejection: implications for early cardiac remodeling (2015)

Background Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) after heart transplant (HTx) is multifactorial, associations include hypertension, chronic immune injury and the intrinsic effects of immunosuppression. Its consequences are significant and potentially provide an explanation for the development of diastolic dysfunction and exercise intolerance, as well as the limited life expectancy after HTx. Both expansion of myocardial extracellular volume (ECV) and myocyte hypertrophy (MH) coexist in this setting. Cardiac biopsies have limitations and may be non-representative to assess global myocardial remodeling. The goal of this pilot study was to characterize both ECV and MH by CMR in cohort of HTx recipients without active rejection. Methods T1 relaxation times were measured before and after gadolinium contrast. The intracellular lifetime of water (τic), a cell size-dependent parameter, and extracellular volume fraction, a marker of interstitial fibrosis, were determined with a model for transcytolemmal water exchange. Results Nineteen HTx recipients (mean age 50±0, 6 female, BSA 1,70±0,16m 2 , median follow-up after HTx 11±13 months) without acute rejection and 20 age matched health volunteers (mean age 51±14) underwent CMR (1.5T) includingmeasurement of LV function, T2, T1 mapping pre- and post-gadolinium and LGE, and a echocardiogram for measurement of diastolic function. HTx recipients demonstrated normal LVEF (68±11%) with a significant increased in LVMass in comparison with age-matched volunteers (LVMass 114±19g vs. 80±5g; p<0.05). Both groups (HTx and controls) did not show LGE or abnormal signal intensity in T2 images. ECV was substantially higher in HTx patients (0,43 ±0,14) compared with volunteers (0.29±0.03, p<0.0001). Both ECV, a marker of interstitial fibrosis, and τic ,a new validated maker of myocyte hypertrophy, were significantly associated with LV mass (r=0.72 and r=0.68 respectively , both p<0.05). ECV and τic also demonstrated a strong association with E wave deceleration time (EDT) by TTE (r=0.77 and 0.74 respectively, both p<0.05). ECV maintained the positive association with EDT indexed to E wave. (r=0.66, p<0.01). by ROC curve analysis, the ECV was able to predict diastolic dysfunction using EDT by ETT with AUC 0.97 (ECV cut value 0.37, Sens 100%, Spec 86%, p<0.01).
Interaction of bacterial luciferase with aldehyde substrates and inhibitors. (1993)

Bacterial luciferase catalyzes the reaction of FMNH2, O2, and an aliphatic aldehyde to yield the carboxylic acid, FMN, water and blue-green light. The kinetics of the bacterial luciferase reaction were measured by stopped-flow spectrophotometry at pH 7 and 25 degrees C for the series of aldehydes from n-heptanal to n-undecanal. The rate of formation of the 4a-hydroperoxyflavin intermediate was dependent on the aldehyde concentration when mixtures of enzyme, FMNH2, and aldehyde were rapidly mixed with O2. At saturating aldehyde, the rate of formation of this intermediate was 100-fold slower than in the absence of aldehyde, demonstrating that an enzyme.FMNH2.aldehyde complex can be formed. Numerical simulation of the time courses for these experiments supported the formation of this intermediate and its direct reaction with O2. The kinetics of the light emitting reaction were dependent upon the chain length of the aldehyde substrate. Although the initial light intensity and the light emission decay rate were different for each aldehyde, the quantum yield for the reaction was independent of the aldehyde used. Luciferase was inhibited by high levels of the aldehyde substrate when the enzyme was assayed by mixing FMNH2 with an aerobic mixture of enzyme and aldehyde. The extent of inhibition was dependent on the particular aldehyde used, and the binding affinity of the aldehyde for the free enzyme increased in parallel with the aldehyde chain length. The kinetics of the formation and decay of the various intermediates were also studied in the presence of n-alkyladehyde analogs. These compounds decreased the rate of formation of the 4a-hydroperoxyflavin intermediate in much the same way as the aldehyde substrate, presumably by the formation of the enzyme.FMNH2.analog ternary complex.
Further carcinogenicity study on methylmercury chloride in ICR mice. (1986)

Further carcinogenicity study on methylmercury chloride (MMC) was conducted in ICR mice (60/sex/group) to confirm our earlier finding that MMC was a renal carcinogen in male ICR mice. MMC was fed to mice at dietary levels of 0, 0.4, 2, or 10ppm for 104 weeks. Renal tumors, mostly adenocarcinomas, were induced only in male mice of the 10ppm group. The first case with a renal tumor was observed at 58 weeks of the study. The tumor incidence was 50% (13/26) in the 10ppm group. Average intake of MMC in this group was 0.906mg/kg/day. No renal tumors were induced in other groups including females.
Analysis of the long-axis motion of the left ventricle in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. (1998)

左室心内膜下心筋線維は左室長軸方向に走行しているので, 左室長軸運動の解析は心機能障害を早期に検出しうる可能性がある. そこで著者らは, 維持透析患者の心機能評価に対する左室長軸運動の意義を検討した. 対象は, 慢性糸球体腎炎を基礎疾患とする32例の維持透析患者 (HD群) であり, その平均年齢が52歳, 平均透析期間が103か月であった. 1回透析前に記録した心エコー図所見から, HD群を左室総壁厚 (TLVT) が2.4cm以上の左室肥大群 (LVH群) 10例と, 2.4cm未満の非左室肥大群 (NH群) 22例に区分した. なお, 対照群 (C群) には健常者20例を選んだ. Mモード心エコー図所見から, 心室中隔壁厚と左室後壁厚の和であるTLVT, 左室拡張終期径 (Dd), 左室収縮終期径 (Ds), および左室内径短縮率 (FS) を計測した. パルスドプラ僧帽弁口血流波形から, 急速流入期最大血流速度E, 心房収縮期最大血流速度A, およびE/Aを計測した. さらに左室長軸Mモードから, 総振幅 (TLAM), 急速流入期振幅 (ELAM), 心房収縮期振幅 (ALAM), 最大拡張速度 (max LAM relax), およびELAM/ALAMを計測した. HD群は, C群に比し, 左室肥大あるいは左室拡大を示し, 左室拡張期特性が低下しており, 左室長軸運動も障害されていた. 左室壁厚以外のMモード心エコー図指標とパルスドプラ僧帽弁口血流指標はLVH群とNH群の両群間に差がなかったが, 左室長軸Mモード指標のELAMおよびELAM/ALAMはNH群に比してLVH群で有意に低値を示した. また, ELAM, max LAM relax, およびELAM/ALAMは, 年齢と弱い負相関を示した. 以上より, 左室長軸Mモード法は, 左室拡張障害を早期に検出し得る可能性があり, 維持透析患者での心機能評価に対しても有用な検査手法と考えられる.
Break‐induced replication links microsatellite expansion to complex genome rearrangements (2017)

The instability of microsatellite DNA repeats is responsible for at least 40 neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, Mirkin and co-workers presented a novel mechanism for microsatellite expansions based on break-induced replication (BIR) at sites of microsatellite-induced replication stalling and fork collapse. The BIR model aims to explain single-step, large expansions of CAG/CTG trinucleotide repeats in dividing cells. BIR has been characterized extensively in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a mechanism to repair broken DNA replication forks (single-ended DSBs) and degraded telomeric DNA. However, the structural footprints of BIR-like DSB repair have been recognized in human genomic instability and tied to the etiology of diverse developmental diseases; thus, the implications of the paper by Kim et al. (Kim JC, Harris ST, Dinter T, Shah KA, et al., Nat Struct Mol Biol 24: 55-60) extend beyond trinucleotide repeat expansion in yeast and microsatellite instability in human neurological disorders. Significantly, insight into BIR-like repair can explain certain pathways of complex genome rearrangements (CGRs) initiated at non-B form microsatellite DNA in human cancers.
A TACROLIMUS-RELATED IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT WITH REDUCED TOXICITY (1998)

Altogether, these data indicate a modest but definite improvement in the therapeutic index for indolyl-ASC compared with tacrolimus in rodent models.
Effects of Selected Putative Inhibitors of Ribonucleic Acid or Protein Synthesis on Adventitious Root Formation in Mung Bean Cuttings1 (1981)

Abstract Selected putative inhibitors of ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis (actinomycin D and 6-methylpurine) or protein synthesis (cycloheximide and puromycin) were examined for their effects on root formation in mung bean ( Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilcz.) cuttings in the presence or absence of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Only 6-methylpurine completely inhibited root formation at concentrations that did not cause visible injury. Cycloheximide was most inhibitory when applied at the same time as NAA. Application of 6-methylpurine up to 12 hours after NAA uptake completely blocked root formation; thereafter its effect declined with time. This decline in response was correlated with enlargement of the nucleus and nucleolus in hypocotyl cells preparatory to cell division.
Study on Vibrational Damping of Microcantilevers. (1996)

マイクロメカニカルシステムの動力学的設計法の確立を目的に, 振動子のマイクロ化と減衰特性の関係を実験的に明らかにした.振動特性を詳細に測定する装置を製作し, 長さ100μmから100mmのはりの減衰比を測定し, 理論解析結果と比較した.本研究による結果を以下に示す.(1) 空気抵抗による減衰比は長さの-1～-0.5乗に比例する.その結果, パーマロイはりでは長さミリメートルオーダ以下において空気抵抗が支配項となる.(2) 振動数・振動次数が増加すると, 空気抵抗による減衰比が減少する.この結果, 高次モードの減衰比は内部摩擦のみの値に漸近する.パーマロイはりでは, 漸近値は10-3程度である.(3) はり先端のレイノルズ数1以下では, 空気抵抗は粘性力と振動慣性力が支配的で, 減衰比は振幅に依存しない.レイノルズ数1以上では定常慣性力が影響し始め, 振幅大なほど減衰比大となる.なお, 振動減衰に関しては, 従来より以下が知られている. (1) 構造減衰理論によれば, 内部摩擦は, はり寸法, 振動周波数, 振動振幅に依存せず, 材料特性のみで決まる.(2) 弾性エネルギー放射理論によれぽ, 支持点損失は, (はりの厚さ/長さ) 3と, 基板とはりのヤング率の比に比例し, 振幅に依存しない.また高次モードほど大となる.以上の結果にもとづき, 実際の設計に役立つように, 振動減衰と設計パラメータの関係を一覧表にまとめたものを表2に示す.減衰要因は空気抵抗 (粘性力, 振動慣性力と定常慣性力), 内部摩擦, 支持部減衰に分け, パラメータは, はり寸法, 振動周波数, 振動振幅, 材料特性としている.また, アミかけ部が今回新たに得られた知見, 他は従来の研究による知見である.以上の結果は, マイクロ振動子を用いた情報機器の設計において, エネルギー損失やセンサ感度の評価に有用であると考えられる.
UV-Broadband Light Scattering Measurements During Metallic Particle Formation in a Combustion-Like Environment (1999)

The thermal evolution of aqueous solution droplets of lead and nickel nitrate was studied experimentally in a drop-tube furnace operated up to 1300 K. Dimensions and physico-chemical properties of the droplets/particles were obtained by coupling the analysis of the spectra of ultraviolet light scattered by the produced aerosol with scanning electron microscopy and numerical simulation of the scattering spectra by Mie theory. Lead nitrate forms solid hollow particles with sizes of the order of the original droplets during the drying process, whereas at higher temperature it decomposes, forming spherical micrometer-sized particles of lead oxide and even submicrometer-sized particles of pure lead. Nickel nitrate never forms solid particles owing to its high solubility in water, but precipitates as nickel hydroxide particles in the temperature range where this intermediate decomposition product is formed. At higher temperatures the decomposition of nickel hydroxide and the formation of oxide particles in the micrometer size range is observed. The mutual interaction of the salt properties were analyzed by studying the behavior of a lead–nickel nitrate mixture in the drop-tube reactor. The main peculiarity of the mixture evolution is the formation of composite particles of lead nitrate in a nickel hydroxide shell. The combined use of in situ ultraviolet spectral scattering and ex-situ scanning electron microscopy, along with the simulations of the scattering spectra by Mie theory, allows us to compile a database of scattering spectra attributed to specific droplets or particles of given chemical properties and size which may be useful for the continuous detection and speciation of metallic aerosols at the exit of real plants.
Signal 3D format (2011)

This document introduces the SDP attribute 3dFormat, which provides
format description of stereoscopic 3D video. In addition, the grouping
mechanism for SDP is extended to cater for stereoscopic 3D video.
Note Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested, and
should be sent to mmusic@ietf.org.