gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Mechanisms Mediate Decreases in Arterial Pressure Attributable to Chronic Low-Dose Angiotensin II in Female Rats (2008)

The renin-angiotensin system is a far more complex enzymatic cascade than realized previously. Mounting evidence suggests sex-specific differences in the regulation of the renin-angiotensin system and arterial pressure. We examined the hemodynamic responses, angiotensin II receptor subtypes, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene expression levels after graded doses of angiotensin II in males and females. Mean arterial pressure was measured via telemetry in male and female rats in response to a 2-week infusion of vehicle, low-dose (50 ng/kg per minute SC) or high-dose (400 ng/kg per minute SC) angiotensin II. The effect of concurrent infusion of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT(2)R) blocker (PD123319) was also examined. The arterial pressure response to high-dose angiotensin II was attenuated in females compared with males (24+/-8 mm Hg versus 42+/-5 mm Hg; P for the interaction between sex and treatment <0.002). Remarkably, low-dose angiotensin II decreased arterial pressure (11+/-4 mm Hg; P for the interaction between sex and treatment <0.02) at a dose that did not have an effect in males. This decrease in arterial pressure in females was abolished by AT(2)R blockade. Renal AT(2)R, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and left ventricular AT(2)R mRNA gene expressions were markedly greater in females than in males with a renal angiotensin II type 1a receptor:AT(2)R ratio of approximately 1 in females. Angiotensin II infusion did not affect renal AT(2)R mRNA expression but resulted in significantly less left ventricular mRNA expression. Renal angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 mRNA expression levels were greater in females than in males treated with high-dose angiotensin II (approximately 2.5 fold; P for the interaction between sex and treatment <0.05). In females, enhancement of the vasodilatory arm of the renin-angiotensin system, in particular, AT(2)R and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 mRNA expression, may contribute to the sex-specific differences in response to renin-angiotensin system activation.
A sliding mode vibration controller for lead screw drives (2012)

The conversion of rotary to translational motion in lead screw drives occurs at the meshing lead screw and nut threads. Adecreasing coefficient of friction with sliding velocity, may lead to instabilities in these drives. In this paper, a sliding mode controller is designed for a two degrees of freedom lead screw drive model. This controller has two objectives: to regulate the lead screw angular velocity to a preset value and to attenuate friction-induced vibrations. Only upper and/or lower bounds of system parameters are assumed to be known. In addition, in the development of the controller no specific model is assumed for the dependence of the coefficient of friction on the relative sliding velocity. Two modifications are applied to the basic discontinuous sliding mode controller to eliminate the inherent chattering problem and to limit thecontrolled input torque levels. Numerical simulation results are presented that show the applicability and the performance of the proposed controller.
Effect of Artificial Burrs on Local Power Loss in a Three-Phase Transformer Core (2012)

The increase in losses due to burrs occurring on cut edges of electrical steel laminations in transformer cores is difficult to quantify. Artificial burrs were applied to a 350 kVA, three-phase, five packet, transformer core. Total core loss, flux density distribution and local loss near the burrs were measured. Burrs applied to a portion of a packet of laminations in one limb caused the flux distribution to become more nonuniform than normal throughout the whole core. Local losses increased significantly outside the burr region. The loss increased to over 1000 W/kg in the severely burred region at 1.8 T, 50 Hz. Measured flux distribution data was used in simplified eddy current calculations to predict the total and localized losses. The predicted and measured localised losses in the burred regions followed similar trends but did not agree well in magnitude probably due to the errors caused by the simplifications and assumptions which were necessary in the eddy current analysis.
Side‐to‐side differences in pressure pain thresholds and pericranial muscle tenderness in strictly unilateral migraine (2008)

Previous studies dealing with pressure pain sensitivity or muscle tenderness in migraine have shown conflicting results. Our aim was to explore the differences in mechanical pain sensitivity and pericranial muscle tenderness between patients with unilateral migraine and healthy controls, and to analyse side-to-side differences in both study groups. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) at cephalic and neck points, plus local and total tenderness scores were blindly assessed in 25 patients with strictly unilateral migraine and 25 healthy subjects. For PPT in the neck there were significant differences between groups (F = 47.029; P < 0.001) and sides (F = 6.363; P < 0.01), and a significant interaction between group and side (F = 5.201; P = 0.02), while PPT in the cephalic point showed differences between groups (F = 11.774; P < 0.001), but not sides (F = 2.838; P = 0.1). The total tenderness score showed significant differences between groups (F = 6.800; P < 0.01) and sides (F = 17.699; P < 0.001), along with a significant interaction between group and side (F = 14.420; P < 0.001). Patients had lower PPT and increased pericranial tenderness on the symptomatic side as compared with the non-symptomatic side and to either side in controls (P < 0.001), whereas no significant differences were identified between the non-symptomatic side and controls (P > 0.9). In migraine patients, PPT levels and muscle tenderness scores were negatively correlated (P < 0.001). The enhancement of local tenderness scores was related to hyperesthesia of specific muscles (sternocleidomastoid, suboccipital, and temporalis) rather than a generalized pericranial tenderness. Future studies should investigate the neuro-physiological basis for the laterality of allodynic and hyperalgesic responses in unilateral migraine.
Design of Wavelets Adapted to Signals and Application (2006)

This paper addresses the design of wavelets adapted to the processed signals and the considered application. Our approach consists of parameterizing a mother wavelet, and defining a quality criterion for the optimization of the parameters, according to the context. The first parameterization, leading to orthogonal wavelets, considers the coefficients of the scaling filter as the parameters. A second parameterization, leading to semiorthogonal wavelets, consists of convolving an existing wavelet (or scaling function) by a given sequence. In this paper, we explore these two methods and apply them to the supervised classification of signals made of waveform trains.
A monoclinic polymorph of<i>N</i>-(3-chlorophenyl)benzamide (2010)

The title compound, C(13)H(10)ClNO, (I), is a polymorph of the structure, (II), first reported by Gowda et al. [Acta Cryst. (2008), E64, o462]. In the original report, the compound crystallized in the ortho-rhom-bic space group Pbca (Z = 8), whereas the structure reported here is monoclinic P21/c (Z = 4). The principal difference between the two forms lies in the relative orientations of the phenyl and benzene rings [dihedral angle = 8.90 (13)° for (I) and 61.0 (1)° for (II)]. The inclination of the amide -CONH- units to the benzoyl ring is more similar [15.8 (7)° for (I) and 18.2 (2)° for (II)]. In both forms, the N-H bonds are anti to the 3-chloro substituents of the aniline rings. In the crystal, inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds form C(4) chains along c. These chains are bolstered by weak C-H⋯O inter-actions that generate R(2) (1)(6) and R(2) (1)(7) ring motifs.
W-band noise figure measurement designed for on-wafer characterisation (2002)

The first fully automated noise and S-parameter measurement bench is reported for W-band on-wafer characterisation. A calibration procedure is described that allows the receiver reference plane to be accurately moved to the probe tip.
[A simple procedure for the routine clinical determination of estrogens in urine by paper chromatographic separation into estriol, estradiol and estrone]. (1961)

ABSTRACT A routine method for the determination of urinary oestrone, oestradiol, and oestriol has been developed. After acid hydrolysis, extraction, and purification of the extracted material oestrogens are separated into oestrone, oestradiol, and oestriol fractions, using paper chromatography in formamide/chlorbenzene. Following the elution of single fractions from paper by means of a special extractor the Ittrich modification of the Kober reaction is applied for fluorimetric quantitation. Recovery of oestrone, oestradiol, and oestriol, added to urine was found to be 86 ± 13.6% for oestrone, 81 ± 6.4 % for oestradiol, and 80 ± 7.5 % for oestriol.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemistry of Supramolecular Systems (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Modelling of Coating Thickness, Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow and Its Correlation with the TBC Microstructure for a Plasma Sprayed Gas Turbine Application (1998)

Abstract The plasma spray deposition of a zirconia thermal barrier coating (TBC) on a gas turbine component has been examined using analytical and experimental techniques. The coating thickness was simulated by the use of commercial off-line programming software. The impinging jet was modelled by means of a finite difference elliptic code using a simplified turbulence model. Powder particle velocity, temperature history and trajectory were calculated using a stochastic discrete particle model. The heat transfer and fluid flow model were then used to calculate transient coating and substrate temperatures using the finite element method. The predicted thickness, temperature and velocity of the particles and the coating temperatures were compared with these measurements and good correlations were obtained. The coating microstructure was evaluated by optical and scanning microscopy techniques. Special attention was paid to the crack structures within the top coating. Finally, the correlation between the modelled parameters and the deposit microstructure was studied.
THE SPECIFICITY AND REGULATION (1991)

CD4 + T lymphocytes initiate and regulate both the specific and nonspecific effector mec hanisms of allergic immune responses. The definition of immu­ nogenic components within allergens has allowed the specificity of the T­ cell repertoire to be examined, and the refinement of their molecular structure is now facilitating the mapping of fu nctional epitopes. Never­ theless, the immunological mechanisms that distinguish between atopic and nonatopic states remain unclear; as knowledge of the complex network of cytokines in the regulation of immune responses unfolds, this problem may be resolved. Population genetics indicates that susceptibility to allergic disease is partly determined by products of the major histocompatibili ty
Reactions of Complex Ligands. Part 107. Quinoid BINOL‐Type Compounds as a Novel Class of Chiral Ligands. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enzymkinetik von Phospholipase C und Aggregationsverhalten von Gentransfer-Komplexen (2001)

Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde ein Experiment zur Laserfallen-kontrollierten Mikroelektrophorese aufgebaut und getestet, das zeitaufgeloste Messungen des Oberflachenpotentials an einzelnen kolloidalen Teilchen ermoglichte. Mit dieser Methode konnte im folgenden die Enzymkinetik von Phospholipase C mit einer bisher nicht erreichten Zeitauflosung von ca. 1 sec gemessen werden. Dazu wurden Silika-Kugeln mit einem Radius von 500 nm mit einer Lipidmembran aus neutralem Phosphatidylcholin und dem negativ geladenen Substrat Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphat (2%) beschichtet und die Anderungen des Zetapotentials durch eine kleine Zahl von membran- gebundenen Enzymen als Funktion der Zeit aufgenommen. Die eingesetzten Konzentrationen von Phospholipase C lagen dabei im nanomolaren Bereich. Des weiteren wurde das Aggregationsverhalten von DNA/Polylysin- Komplexen mit quantitativer Fluoreszenzmikroskopie untersucht. Aus der gemessenen Grosenverteilung konnte die Zahl der Plasmide pro Komplex bestimmt werden. Die Verteilungsfunktion der kolloidalen Aggregation von DNA/Polylysin-Komplexen zeigte dabei ein dynamisches Skalenverhalten. Auserdem wurde ein signifikanter Effekt von Lungen-Surfactant (Alveofact) auf das Aggregationsverhalten der Komplexe beobachtet. Die Messungen zur inneren Stabilitat und Packungsdichte der Komplexe erfolgten mit der Methode des Fluoreszenz-Resonanz-Energie-Transfers in einem Spektrometer. Damit konnte die Kondensation der DNA und die Dissoziation von Komplexen durch monovalente Ionen und anionische Polymere bestimmt werden.
HEAT TRANSFER MODEL FOR PREDICTING SURVIVAL TIME IN COLD WATER IMMERSION (2005)

In the present paper a heat transfer (HT) model to estimate survival time of individual stranded in cold water such as at sea is proposed. The HT model was derived based on the assumption that the body specific heat capacity and thermal conductance are not time dependent. The solution to the HT model simulates expected survival time as a function of water temperature, metabolism rate, skin, muscle and fat thickness, insulation thermal conductivity and thickness, height and weight of the subject. Although, these predictions must be considered approximate due to the complex nature of the variables involved, the proposed HT model can be employed to determine supplemental body insulation such as personal protective clothing to meet a predefined survival time in any given water temperature. In particular, the results obtained are useful as a decision aid in search and rescue mission in predicting survival time for shipwreck victims at sea.
Heterochiral Interactions in Molecular and Macromolecular Pairs of Liquid Crystals of (R)- and (S)-2-Fluoro-4-methylpentyl 4'-((8-(Vinyloxy)octyl)oxy)biphenyl-4-carboxylate Enantiomers (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterochiral Interactions in Molecular and Macromolecular Pairs of Liquid Crystals of (R)- and (S)-2-Fluoro-4-methylpentyl 4'-((8-(Vinyloxy)octyl)oxy)biphenyl-4-carboxylate EnantiomersVirgil Percec and Hiroji OdaCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 20, 5821–5832Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00098a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00098a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Use of Tritium Autoradiography to Assess Fatigue Damage in Metals (2002)

This report introduces a technique known as tritium autoradiography which may be useful in the detection of fatigue damage in metallic components. Tritium autoradiography involves the infusion of radioactive hydrogen (tritium) into a fatigue damaged structure. The damaged areas of the structure may act as preferred trapping sites for the tritium and as the tritium decays via the emission of beta particles it can be detected using nuclear emulsion film.
First-Trimester Human Fetal Pancreas Transplantation for Type 1 Diabetes Treatment (2008)

Type 1 diabetes results from immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing β-cells of the pancreas. The disease manifests itself symptomatically when the resident β-cells become unable to maintain normoglycemia. In human insulitis, mainly CD8 lymphocytes and B-cells, but also CD4 cells and activated antigen-presenting cells (APCs), are found (1–3). Strikingly, strong upregulation of MHC class I molecules and type 1 interferons have also been observed in noninfiltrated islets from human type 1 diabetic patients, making the involvement of a viral β-cell infection a feasible scenario in terms of disease pathogenesis (4). Among treatments that are currently being evaluated for stable reversal of type 1 diabetes, pancreas or islet transplantation holds promise, since it provides already diabetic patients with new functional β-cells. The routine clinical use of pancreas or isolated intrahepatic islet transplantation is, however, hampered predominantly by the lack of sufficient donor tissue. In addition, islets injected into the portal vein are often lost after 4–5 years, even under optimized immunosuppressive regimens (5), which renders whole pancreas or combined pancreas-kidney transplants important therapeutic alternatives (6).

With this setting, human fetal pancreas derived from therapeutic termination of pregnancies as an alternative source of β-cells has increasingly become an attractive alternative. Potential advantages include its greater proliferative capacity and maturation potential in vivo, as …
Different subtype distributions in two cities in Myanmar: evidence for independent clusters of HIV-1 transmission. (2003)

A molecular epidemiological investigation was conducted in two major cities in Myanmar (Yangon and Mandalay). The study revealed a unique predominance of HIV-1 subtype B' (Thailand variant of subtype B) among injecting drug users in Yangon, indicating the strong founder effect of this variant. In contrast, multiple lineages of HIV-1 strains were found in Mandalay, leading to the evolution of various forms of intersubtype recombinants. The results showed independent clusters of HIV-1 transmission in Myanmar.
The Two Capsid Proteins of Maize Rayado Fino Virus Contain Common Peptide Sequences (1986)

Virions of maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) were purified and two major capsid proteins (ca. Mr 29,000 and 22,000) were resolved by SDS-PAGE. When the two major capsid proteins were isolated from gels and compared by one-dimensional peptide mapping after digestion with Staphylococcus aureus V-8 protease, indistinguishable peptide maps were obtained, suggesting that these two proteins contain common peptide sequences. Some preparations also showed minor protein components that were intermediate between the Mr 22,000 and Mr 29,000 capsid proteins. One of the minor proteins, ca. Mr 27,000, gave a peptide map indistinguishable from the major capsid proteins. In vitro ageing of partially purified preparations or virion treatment with proteolytic enzymes failed to show conversion of the Mr 29,000 protein to a Mr 22,000. Protease inhibitors added to the buffers used for virion purification did not affect the apparent 1:3 ratio of 29,000 to 22,000 proteins in the purified preparations.
Multi-aperture phased arrays versus multi-beam lens arrays for mmW multiuser MIMO (2017)

Multi-beamforming and data multiplexing is a key functionality for realizing the spatial multiplexing gains in multiuser MIMO systems at millimeter-wave (mmW) frequencies. Due to prohibitive complexity of conventional digital beamforming, two main approaches to hybrid analog-digital beamforming are being investigated that use either phased arrays or lens arrays for analog beamforming. While the two approaches are equivalent from a purely communication-theoretic perspective, they offer very different tradeoffs in terms of performance, complexity and power consumption. In particular, all existing phased array-based prototypes are limited to a single beam per aperture, due to hardware constraints, thereby necessitating the use of multiple smaller sub-arrays for multi-beam operation. On the other hand, the beam switching network presents a hardware challenge in lens array-based systems, thereby limiting the coverage achieved by particular radio-frequency chain. In this paper, we apply the beamspace MIMO framework to compare the achievable sum-rates in a small cell served by an access point using a lens array-based or phased array-based architecture. We also discuss the hardware complexity of the two architectures to enable performance-complexity-energy optimization.
Stable optical filter using porous silicon technology (2009)

A stable multilayer IR optical filter is designed based on the porous silicon technology. The filter stability is achieved based on the mechanical properties of porous silicon that are used to tailor the stresses inside the multilayer structure. The filter, working at the wavelength of 1.55 ¿m, have been designed to be matched with spot sizes of 7 ¿m and 8.5 ¿m which makes it compatible with single mode fiber used in optical communications.
Effects of Crystallite Size and Donor Density on the Sensor Response of SnO<sub>2</sub>Nano-Particles in the State of Volume Depletion (2012)

To verify theoretical model based on the surface depletion effect of oxide semiconductor in small crystallite, the SnO2 particles of different crystallite size and donor density were prepared by controlling heat-treatment temperature and Fe3+ doping concentration, respectively. In addition, Fe3+-doped SnO2 was compared with Fe2O3-loaded SnO2 to discuss the effect of donor density. The electrical resistance and sensor response of prepared SnO2 films were measured in various partial pressures of oxygen and hydrogen. As results, both undoped- and Fe3+-doped SnO2 showed the volume depletion in the oxygen concentration of more than 2.5% at 350°C. The dependence of electrical resistance on oxygen partial pressure for smaller crystallite had steeper slope. Furthermore Fe3+-doping improved the sensor response to hydrogen, while the Fe2O3-loading did not work. Good agreement between experimental data the volume depletion theory was found.
Dragon ERE Finder version 2: a tool for accurate detection and analysis of estrogen response elements in vertebrate genomes (2003)

We present a unique program for identification of estrogen response elements (EREs) in genomic DNA and related analyses. The detection algorithm was tested on several large datasets and makes one prediction in 13 300 nt while achieving a sensitivity of 83%. Users can further investigate selected regions around the identified ERE patterns for transcription factor binding sites based on the TRANSFAC database. It is also possible to search for candidate human genes with a match for the identified EREs and their flanking regions within EPD annotated promoters. Additionally, users can search among the extended promoter regions of approximately 11 000 human genes for those that have a high degree of similarity to the identified ERE patterns. Dragon ERE Finder version 2 is freely available for academic and non-profit users (http://sdmc.lit.org.sg/ERE-V2/index).