gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lateral SPE recovery of implanted source/drain in thin SOI MOSFETs (2003)

Recrystallization of BF/sub 2/-, As-, and Si-implanted source/drain regions in very thin SOI layers with Si-gates has been studied using observation from conventional and high-resolution cross-sectional TEMs. The implanted regions were completely amorphized and then recrystallized through a lateral solid-phase epitaxy (L-SPE) by using a gate-masked single crystal SOI region as a seed. In the very early annealing stage, the amorphous/crystalline interfaces of the L-SPE regrowth along <110> and <100> directions changed into the interfaces having faceted {111} and {110} planes, During the L-SPE, {311} defects with lengths of 3 to 4 nm were formed under the gate within a region of 60 to 70 nm from the mask edge and they could not be completely eliminated without a high-temperature annealing of 900/spl deg/C.
Fully scalable video coding with packed stream (2005)

Scalable video coding is a technique which allows a compressed video stream to be decoded in several different ways. This ability allows a user to adaptively recover a specific version of a video depending on its own requirements. Video sequences have temporal, spatial and quality scalabilities. In this work we introduce a novel fully scalable video codec. It is based on a motion-compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) of the video sequences and it uses some of the basic elements of JPEG 2000. This paper describes several specific proposals for video on demand and video-conferencing applications over non-reliable packet-switching data networks.
Micromechanical light modulator array fabricated on silicon (1977)

A micromechanical device is described which consists of a thin metal-coated SiO2 membrane fabricated on an ordinary silicon wafer using techniques compatible with IC processing. The membrane can be deflected electrostatically over large angles (≳5°), at high frequencies (≳40kHz), at least 1010 times without breaking or any noticeable deterioration due to fatigue. A number of adjacent devices have been used as a 16-element light modulator array in a small display system. Calculations of performance parameters are in good agreement with experiment. Advantages of this device over similar previous deformagraphic systems are IC compatibility, good voltage sensitivity, high speed, higher deflections with less fatigue, well-established fabrication techniques, and the possibility of integrating driving and decoding circuitry on the same chip as the modulators. In addition, the complexities of a vacuum environment and e-beam addressing are avoided.
Aluminium, iron and copper in human brain tissues donated to the medical research council's cognitive function and ageing study (2011)

Aluminium, iron and copper are all implicated in the aetiology of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. However, there are very few large cohort studies of the content of these metals in aged human brains. We have used microwave digestion and TH GFAAS to measure aluminium, iron and copper in the temporal, frontal, occipital and parietal lobes of 60 brains donated to the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study. Every precaution was taken to reduce contamination of samples and acid digests to a minimum. Actual contamination was estimated by preparing a large number of (170+) method blanks which were interspersed within the full set of 700+ tissue digests. Subtraction of method blank values (MBV) from tissue digest values resulted in metal contents in all tissues in the range, MBV to 33 μg g(-1) dry wt. for aluminium, 112 to 8305 μg g(-1) dry wt. for iron and MBV to 384 μg g(-1) dry wt. for copper. While the median aluminium content for all tissues was 1.02 μg g(-1) dry wt. it was informative that 41 brains out of 60 included at least one tissue with an aluminium content which could be considered as potentially pathological (> 3.50 μg g(-1) dry wt.). The median content for iron was 286.16 μg g(-1) dry wt. and overall tissue iron contents were generally high which possibly reflected increased brain iron in ageing and in neurodegenerative disease. The median content for copper was 17.41 μg g(-1) dry wt. and overall tissue copper contents were lower than expected for aged brains but they were commensurate with aged brains showing signs of neurodegenerative disease. In this study we have shown, in particular, the value of carrying out significant numbers of method blanks to identify unknown sources of contamination. When these values are subtracted from tissue digest values the absolute metal contents could be considered as conservative and yet they may still reflect aspects of ageing and neurodegenerative disease in individual brains.
Sensitivity Analysis of U.S. EPA's Estimates of Skin Cancer Risk from Inorganic Arsenic in Drinking Water (2000)

The current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA's) risk analysis on the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) for arsenic in drinking water is based on an epidemiological study of skin cancer in Taiwan. Assumptions used in the USEPA application of the multistage-Weibull model for risk estimation were varied to assess the effect on predicted risk of skin cancer to the U.S. population at arsenic concentrations of 1 to 50 µg/L in drinking water. Among the assumptions tested, the only notable change in risk estimates was a reduction when the arsenic concentration used as representative for Taiwan villages in the low range (<300 µg/L) was increased to the 75th percentile (245 µg/L) in place of the mean used in the USEPA analysis (170 µg/L), but the representative value for Taiwan villages in the high range (≥600 µg/L) was not increased simultaneously to the 75th percentile. Additionally, a simulation study was conducted using records of arsenic measurements in wells from the same period and region of Taiwan as the original study. The exposure-response curve estimated from 60 villages (60 data points) differed only marginally from the outcome when data were summarized into four data points (as in the USEPA skin cancer analysis). Briefly discussed are differences between the study area of Taiwan and the U.S. in nutritional status and consumption of inorganic arsenic in food that might bias predicted U.S. skin cancer risks.
The Analysis of Clobazam and Its Metabolite Desmethylclobazam by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (1991)

The analysis of clobazam and its metabolite desmethylclobazam by high-performance liquid chromatography is described. After adding an internal standard 500 microliters of plasma is extracted under basic conditions into dichloroethane. The organic solvent is then evaporated to dryness and the residue reconstituted in 100 microliters of mobile phase prior to injecting an aliquot (30 microliters) onto a Hypersil 5 MOS column, which is eluted with acetonitrile/acetate buffer (pH 5.4) 40:60 vol/vol. The components are separated in approximately 12 min. Using this method, 15 micrograms L-1 of clobazam and 30 micrograms L-1 of desmethylclobazam can be detected. The method is suitable for the therapeutic monitoring of these two drugs in patient samples.
Doxycycline‐Tricalcium Phosphate Composite Graft Facilitates Osseous Healing in Advanced Periodontal Furcation Defects (1991)

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a tricalcium phosphate, plaster of paris, and doxycycline composite graft to surgical debridement alone in the treatment of Class II and Class III furcation defects. Fifteen patients with adult periodontitis and at least two mandibular molars with Class II or III furcation defects were selected. A total of 40 sites were treated: 26 were Class II defects and 14 were Class III. Following initial therapy one site was randomly selected to receive the composite graft while the remaining site served as the surgically debrided control. Osseous healing was evaluated by direct measurements from an acrylic stent at the time of graft surgery and at the 6-month reentry. Following surgery each patient was placed on doxycycline 100mg/day for 10 days. The absence of clinical inflammation and infection during the healing process provided additional substantiation of the biocompatibility of the grafting materials. Results after 6 months indicated that sites treated with the composite graft had improved defect fill, defect resolution, probing depths, and clinical attachment levels when compared to the surgically debrided controls. Defect fill was 3.7 times greater in grafted sites and these sites were 4.0 times more likely to have 50% or greater defect fill. The effect of grafting was more pronounced in Class III defects where horizontal defect fill and gain of clinical attachment was achieved only in grafted sites. The plaster of paris functioned well as a binder, preventing particle scatter and facilitating graft retention. Additionally the plaster served as a vehicle to carry and retain the doxycycline at the treated site. These short-term results point to the potential of a composite graft containing tricalcium phosphate, plaster of paris, and doxycycline in promoting healing of furcation lesions.
Novel Thermal Energy Conversion Technologies for Advanced Electric Air Vehicles (2018)

Future air vehicles will increasingly incorporate electrical powertrains that require very tight integration of power, propulsion, thermal, and airframe technologies. This paper provides an overview of a new category of thermal energy conversion technologies that can be used to provide highly efficient turbo-generation and electric propulsion, while synergistically managing and recycling both the low grade waste heat from electrical components and the high grade waste heat from engine components.
T-Lymphocyte Cell Lines Derived from Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2015)

Several lymphoid cell lines with thymus-dependent lymphocyte (T-cell) characteristics have been established from 2 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). These cell lines are considered to be leukemic T-cells on the basis of their abnormal chromosome constitution, growth in heterologous animals, ability to form rosettes with sheep red blood cells and the absence of immunoglobulin production, and destruction by antithymus cell sera. Sera from patients with leukemia did not react with these cultured cells but there was a strong reaction with infectious mononucleosis sera despite the fact that the cultured leukemia T-cells had no detectable Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nor its genome.
Intravenous immunoglobulin: effect on infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss. (2007)

Immunoglobulin for intravenous infusion is a preparation containing human gammaglobulin. The preparations are isolated from pooled normal serum by a chemical fractionation method using cold ethanol followed by acidification with non-organic acids at pH 4.0 with the addition of a minimal quantity of pepsin. The preparations therefore contain all the humoral immunoglobulin G antibodies normally occurring in the donor pool. The distribution of the IgG subclasses corresponds to that of normal serum. Immunoglobulin preparations are supplied as a lyophilized powder for reconstitution prior to infusion or they may already be constituted as a liquid. IVIg was originally used for the treatment of agammaglobulinemia. However, the drug preparation is known to have immunomodulatory effects in a large number of conditions, such as immune thrombocytopenia, rheumatoid arthritis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, and infections such as human immunodeficiency virus and Parvovirus B19 infection. The actions of IVIg have not been fully elucidated. However, the drug is known to have many actions. These have been summarized by Carp et al. [1]. Briefly, IVIg may modulate the effect of cytokines. When peripheral blood mononuclear cells are cultured in IVIg there is significant inhibition of production of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukins 2 and 10, tumor necrosis fac tor-alpha and interferon-gamma, and enhancement of the proportion of cells producing anti-inflammatory cytokines. IVIg reduces the number and the killing activity of peripheral blood natural killer cells. IVIg may inhibit the action of pathological antibodies by either the interaction of the Fc portion of immunoglobulin with Fc receptors or the Fab receptors, or by passively acting as anti-idiotypic. IVIg modulates the activation and effector functions of B and T lymphocytes, neutralizes pathogenic autoantibodies, and interferes with antigen presentation. The anti-inflammatory effect of IVIg may be due to interaction with the complement system. In laboratory animals, IVIg has been shown to inhibit complement. A significant part of the in vitro suppressive activity is dependent upon the CD200 tolerance-signaling molecule, which is released from the surface of subsets of blood mononuclear
Kalman filter motion detection for vibro-acoustography using pulse echo ultrasound (2004)

A method using the pulse echo ultrasound and the discrete Kalman filter is developed for detecting the harmonic motion of vibro-acoustography. The method estimates the amplitude and phase of the motion at a desired location within a tissue region with a high sensitivity for medical applications. The harmonic motion generated by the ultrasound radiation force of vibro-acoustography is represented in repetitive ultrasound pulse echoes. Kalman filter estimates of the amplitude and phase of the motion from received ultrasound echoes are obtained by minimizing the mean square estimation error. Experiments have been conducted to evaluate the method. The results indicate that the pulse echo ultrasound and Kalman filter provide excellent estimation for very small harmonic vibration and they may improve vibro-acoustography for medical applications.
Discretization schemes for fractional-order differentiators and integrators (2002)

For fractional-order differentiator s/sup r/ where r is a real number, its discretization is a key step in digital implementation. Two discretization methods are presented. The first scheme is a direct recursive discretization of the Tustin operator. The second one is a direct discretization method using the Al-Alaoui operator via continued fraction expansion (CFE). The approximate discretization is minimum phase and stable. Detailed discretization procedures and short MATLAB scripts are given. Examples are included for illustration.
Alanine Catabolism in <i>Klebsiella aerogenes</i> : Molecular Characterization of the <i>dadAB</i> Operon and Its Regulation by the Nitrogen Assimilation Control Protein (1998)

Klebsiella aerogenes strains with reduced levels of D-amino acid dehydrogenase not only fail to use alanine as a growth substrate but also become sensitive to alanine in minimal media supplemented with glucose and ammonium. The inability of these mutant strains to catabolize the alanine provided in the medium interferes with both pathways of glutamate production. Alanine derepresses the nitrogen regulatory system (Ntr), which in turn represses glutamate dehydrogenase, one pathway of glutamate production. Alanine also inhibits the enzyme glutamine synthetase, the first enzyme in the other pathway of glutamate production. Therefore, in the presence of alanine, strains with mutations in dadA (the gene that codes for a subunit of the dehydrogenase) exhibit a glutamate auxotrophy when ammonium is the sole source of nitrogen. The alanine catabolic operon of Klebsiella aerogenes, dadAB, was cloned, and its DNA sequence was determined. The clone complemented the alanine defects of dadA strains. The operon has a high similarity to the dadAB operon of Salmonella typhimurium and the dadAX operon of Escherichia coli, each of which codes for the smaller subunit of D-amino acid dehydrogenase and the catabolic alanine racemase. Unlike the cases for E. coli and S. typhimurium, the dad operon of K. aerogenes is activated by the Ntr system, mediated in this case by the nitrogen assimilation control protein (NAC). A sequence matching the DNA consensus for NAC-binding sites is located centered at position -44 with respect to the start of transcription. The promoter of this operon also contains consensus binding sites for the catabolite activator protein and the leucine-responsive regulatory protein.
Group Effects and Economic Outcomes (2011)

Peers and social groups have been implicated in individuals' decisions to drop out of school, quit work, go on welfare, commit crime, have children out of marriage, use controlled substances, and default on mortgages. Indeed, groups are often seen as central to these behaviors. Motivated by the belief that groups have both positive and negative effects on behaviors and outcomes, policymakers have long sought to manipulate the groups to which people are exposed through policies such as schools integration and the shift from high-rise public housing to scattered-site public housing. This report discusses the state of research on the effects of groups with an eye to drawing out policy implications.
Fertilization with a New Type of Coated Urea: Evaluation for Nitrogen Efficiency and Yield in Winter Wheat (2004)

Abstract Three years field experiments were conducted from 1999 to 2002 to evaluate winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield, nitrogen efficiency (NE) including nitrogen efficiency ratio (NER), nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency (NfUE) as influenced by a new coated urea as CRF. Results showed that both coated urea and common urea treatments produced significant higher biomass, grain, and straw yields, and higher NUE and nitrogen fertilizer recovery rate over the control. The maximum yield and nitrogen (N) efficiency were observed in the treatment of coated urea in the three years. On average, the grain, straw, and biomass yield of coated urea treatment was 9.09–15.06, 13.11–14.96, and 11.73–14.99% higher than those of common urea respectively. The coated urea not only resulted in higher yield, but nitrogen fertilizer recovery rate (NfUE) of the treatment was 16.50–68.72% more than that of common urea treatment. Compared to normal dosage of N fertilization (150 kg N ha−1) insufficient amount increase of N fertilizer (8% increase) does not affect both yield and NE. However, sufficient amount increase of N fertilizer (20% higher) can result in significant increase of yield, N uptake and N fertilizer recovery rate (NfUE) under the experiment condition. Keywords: Winter wheatYieldCoated ureaNitrogen uptakeNitrogen efficiency Acknowledgments X.L. Fan thanks the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (30270769, 39870433), Foundation for University Key Teacher by the Ministry of Education (2000-65-34), and Foundation of Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province (C50406) for financial support.
Wear striations on the incisors of ceropithecid monkeys as an index of diet and habitat preference (1976)

Wear striations on the incisiors of Old World monkeys were examined in order to determine associations between the distributions of striations, diet and habitat preference. Significant differences exist between the Cercopithecinae and the Colobinae in respect to the orientation of incisor wear striations. In the Colobinae striations are oriented in a predominantly mesiodistal direction. In the Cercopithecinae straitions usually have a labiolingual orientation. Comparisons of terrestrial and arboreal genera indicate that significant differences exist between the two groups in respect to the density of striations on the occlusal wear facets of maxillary central incisiors. Arboreal and terrestrial monkeys also differ in the frequency of individual incisor wear facets completely devoid of wear striations.
Possibilités d'alimentation des décharges haute pression par des alimentations à résonance. Comparaison avec d'autres modes d'alimentation (1996)

Ce travail concerne l'alimentation, l'etude experimentale et la modelisation d'une lampe a decharge mercure haute pression 1300 watts destinee a la production de rayonnement uv. Un onduleur de tension a resonance 50 khz a ete realise en collaboration avec une entreprise le cirtem et dans le cadre d'un projet europeen (avicenna 54). Apres avoir valide electriquement le fonctionnement du couplage de cette alimentation avec la lampe, nous avons effectue des mesures de flux spectrique energetique ainsi que des mesures de luminances totale et spectrique. En comparant ces mesures avec celles obtenues en alimentant la lampe par un generateur de tension sinusoidale 50 hz et un ballast selfique en serie, et un commutateur de courant (1 khz, 10 khz et 12. 5 khz), nous avons pu evaluer l'influence de notre alimentation a resonance sur le fonctionnement de la decharge. Enfin, les resultats de simulation obtenus en couplant un modele de lampe a decharge mercure haute pression (realise au laboratoire) avec un logiciel de circuit nous a permis de valider le modele du systeme alimentation-lampe du point de vue electrique et physique
Design and Fabrication of Single-Walled Carbon Nanonet Flexible Strain Sensors (2012)

This study presents a novel flexible strain sensor for real-time strain sensing. The material for strain sensing is single-walled carbon nanonets, grown using the alcohol catalytic chemical vapor deposition method, that were encapsulated between two layers of Parylene-C, with a polyimide layer as the sensing surface. All of the micro-fabrication was compatible with the standard IC process. Experimental results indicated that the gauge factor of the proposed strain sensor was larger than 4.5, approximately 2.0 times greater than those of commercial gauges. The results also demonstrated that the gauge factor is small when the growth time of SWCNNs is lengthier, and the gauge factor is large when the line width of the serpentine pattern of SWCNNs is small.
A new genus and two new species of the subtribe Thomassetiina (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from South Africa (1997)

A new genus of Buprestidae, Roswitha, is descriptionbed for two new spedes, R. endroedyi and R. bilyi, from South Africa. Roswitha endroedyi is from Berlin Forest Reserve, Mpumalanga Province, and R. bilyi is from East London, Eastern Cape Province. These taxa are placed within the subtribe Thomassetiina of the nominate subfamily and tribe and compared with taxa from southern Africa.
Sports Nutrition (2007)

It is well known that fats, proteins, and carbohydrates are all energy-yielding nutrients that influence health and physical performance. Yet many recreational, collegiate, and professional athletes still consume more fats, saturated fats, and cholesterol than is recommended, as well as inappropriate amounts of proteins. What is needed is a nuts an
Motor Performance in Detoxified Alcoholics (1988)

Detoxified male and female alcoholics (aged 20-49 years) and age-matched controls performed a series of 15-sec target-tapping tasks in which they alternatively marked two target strips with a felt marker as rapidly and as accurately as possible. Consistent with "Fitts' Law" (Fitts PM: J Exp Psych 47:381-391, 1954), a highly linear relationship between movement time and task difficulty was observed in all four groups. Overall, the alcoholics were slower and made more errors than the controls, although the pattern of deficit differed for males and females. Accuracy, but not speed, was impaired in male alcoholics. The production of undershoot errors was increased more in alcoholics than nonalcoholics in targets of narrower width, whereas the production of overshoot errors was increased more in alcoholics as target separation decreased. Female alcoholics displayed impairment in speed of movement, but not accuracy. However, both alcoholic groups displayed elevated error rates for the more difficult targets. It is thus possible that detoxified alcoholics might mimic the speed functions of nonalcoholic individuals at the occasional cost of an erroneous response at a difficult target.