gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tracer et integrer des points discrets "pour arrondir un histogramme" (1988)

National audience
Measurement of the distribution parameter in solubilized systems. II. Measurement of the distribution parameter of alkylparabens and alkyl gallates in ionic and nonionic surfactant solutions. (1988)

In a micellar solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), it was found that the shifts of the absorption maxima of alkylparabens depended on the concentration of the surfactant, but not on the concentrotion of the drugs. The first derivative absorption spectrum was used to evaluate the wavelength shift, from which the distribution prarmeter and partition coefficient of the drug were calculated.The method was applied to find the distrbution parameters of the alkylparaben-cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) system, the alkylparaben-polyoxethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20) system, and the alkyl gallate-CTAB system. In CTAB and Tween 20 solutions, the order of magnitude of the distribution parameter of alkylparaben was butyl->propyl->ethyl->methylparaben, and that of alkyl gallate was propyl->ethyl gallate, and these tendencies were independent of the temperature in the range from 25 to 60 °C (in the case of CTAB).
General Formalism for Dynamical Symmetries and Selection Rules in High Harmonic Generation (2017)

We formulate a group theory for (2+1)D Floquet systems and utilize it for mapping the dynamical symmetries and selection rules in high harmonic generation, including elliptical dynamical symmetry that controls the high harmonics ellipticity.
Discovery of Incipient Ferrotoroidics from Atomistic Simulations (2009)

An effective Hamiltonian technique is used to investigate the effect of quantum vibrations on properties of stress-free KTaO3 nanodots under open-circuit electrical boundary conditions. We discover that these vibrations suppress the paraelectric-to-ferrotoroidic transition, or, equivalently, wash out the formation of vortex states. Such suppression leads to the saturation of the so-called ferrotoroidic susceptibility at low temperature, and to a peculiar local structure that exhibits short-range, needlelike correlations of the individual toroidal moments.
Nitriding Behavior and Strengthening Mechanism of Ti Added Steels (2007)

The nitriding process is one of the common methods for surface hardening, and consists of heat treatment in a furnace for many hours. The nitriding behavior and strengthening mechanism of Ti added steels in the nitriding process, which is applicable to a high temperature and rapid process such as the continuous annealing of steel strip, were investigated. The sheets were hardened only near the surface. The hardening of the surface layer is due to the formation of clusters or fine precipitates with disc-like shape consisting of titanium and nitrogen. The maximum hardness depends on the content of Ti in the steel while the annealing time and the concentration of NH3 influence the depth of the hardened zone affected by nitriding. It is thought that the hardening only near surface improve bending stiffness without significant increase of yield stress. So there is a possibility that the surface hardening improves the dent resistance of automobile outer panels without significant worsening of the surface deflection. To study these behaviors theoretically, a model for predicting the precipitation behavior due to nitriding has been developed. The experimental results can be reasonably explained by the model calculations. And also, the estimation of the amount of strengthening was carried out. It indicated that the strengthening mechanism is mainly the precipitation hardening of TiN that could be Ti nitrides or Ti-N clusters.
Site-Specific Chromosome Damage and Myeloid Leukaemogenesis in the CBA Mouse (1994)

Abstract Deletion and/or rearrangement of chromosome 2 is a very early and possibly initiating event for acute myeloid leukaemia in the CBA mouse. Here an outline is given of a series of cytogenetic and molecular studies which imply that the expression of radiation damage to this chromosome is highly non-random, being dependent upon the presence of specific telomere-like DNA repeat sequences at certain interstitial chromosomal locations. The secondary four-stranded DNA structures that may be formed at such telomeric chromosome sites and the potential role of these recombinogenic structures as preferential targets for radiation induced cytogenetic change are discussed.
The Implications of Interactional "Repair" for Human-Robot Interaction Design (2011)

This paper recaps a recent study in the organization of interactive practices utilized by humans in card-game activities for the purposes of informing the design of human-robot interaction with autonomous social robotic systems. The research utilized an applied Conversation Analytic (CA) approach to focus on the practices by which humans identified and dealt with interactional trouble within the game activity itself, avoiding breakdown of the interactional encounter. We conclude this paper with a brief discussion of the technical implications for future design of autonomous social robots.
On the implementation of a phylogenetic tree database (2003)

A molecular phylogenetic tree is a tree-structured graph that represents the evolutionary process of genes, and is constructed from sequence data (such as DNA sequences) obtained from several organisms. Although molecular phylogenetic trees are fundamental data structures in evolutionary analysis, no database system is available that can match trees in the database against a user-supplied tree by comparing tree structures. In this paper, we propose a phylogenetic tree database system with a retrieval function that matches trees having similar structure. The tree data stored in the database are transformed from document images published in biological journals using a pattern-recognition program developed by us. To retrieve phylogenetic trees from the database according to their structures, we propose a method of determining the structural similarity between trees that is based on the split distance method. Our structural similarity measure shows high correlation with the log-likelihood difference that is widely used for comparing phylogenetic trees, and the computation time of our measure is much shorter than that of the log-likelihood difference, which relies on sequence comparison.
Integrated modeling of the electric grid, communications, and control (2008)

Purpose This paper aims to address a central concern in modeling and simulating electric grids and the information infrastructure that monitors and controls them. The paper discusses the need for and methods to construct simulation models that include important interactions between the physical and computational elements of a large power system. Design/methodology/approach The paper offers a particular approach to modeling and simulation of hybrid systems as an enabling technology for analysis (via simulation) of modern electric power grids. The approach, based on the discrete event system specification, integrates existing simulation tools into a unified simulation scheme. The paper demonstrates this approach with an integrated information and electric grid model of a distributed, automatic frequency maintenance activity. Findings Power grid modernization efforts need powerful modeling and simulation tools for hybrid systems. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of this approach is a lack of advanced simulation tools that support it. Existing commercial offerings are not designed to support integration with other simulation software products. The approach to integrating continuous and discrete event simulation models can overcome this problem by allowing specific tools to focus on continuous or discrete event dynamics. This will require, however, adjustments to the underlying simulation technology. Originality/value This paper demonstrates an approach to simulating complex hybrid systems that can, in principle, be supported by existing simulation tools. It also indicates how existing tools must be modified to support our approach.
Design and Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites (2003)

Revolutionary design concepts in future aerospace vehicles will depend on extraordinary material properties to permit significant reduction of mass and size of components, while imparting intelligence. Due to their combination of remarkable electrical and mechanical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNT) are expected to enable this paradigm shift in design concepts. However, significant challenges still exist in translating these CNT properties into the macrostructures required for future generations of aerospace vehicles. While an accepted route for making the leap from nanostructures to useful macrostructures has not been fully charted, this paper will give an overview of the approach taken by some researchers at NASA Langley Research Center to sort out issues involved in the development of CNT nanocomposites for multifunctional structures. Specifically, the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in polymer matrices, characterization of nanocomposites, the role of quantum computation in providing guidance for processing and the use of computational analysis in data interpretation will be covered. Significant improvements in mechanical and electrical properties of CNT nanocomposites with very low loadings of CNTs are described and lend credence to the potential for using CNTs in achieving technological leaps in composite development.
Identification and characterization of a neutral endopeptidase activity in <i>Aplysia californica</i> (1993)

Kidney plasma membranes of Aplysia californica were shown to contain an endopeptidase activity which cleaved [Leu]enkephalin (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu) and [Leu]enkephalinamide (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-NH2) at the Gly3-Phe4 bond, as determined by reverse-phase h.p.l.c. analysis of metabolites. The optimal pH was shown to be 6.5. The bivalent cation chelating agent, 1,10-phenanthroline protected [Leu]enkephalin from degradation, suggesting that this enzyme is a metallopeptidase. The degradation of [Leu]enkephalin was also abolished by the neutral endopeptidase-24.11 inhibitors RB104 (2-[(3-iodo-4-hydroxyl)-phenylmethyl]-4-N-[3-(hydroxyamino-3-oxo-1- phenylmethyl)-propyl]amino-4-oxobutanoic acid), HABCO-Gly [(3-hydroxy-aminocarbonyl-2-benzyl-1-oxypropyl)glycine], phosphoramidon and thiorphan, with IC50 values of 1 nM, 1 microM, 20 microM and 30 microM respectively. By contrast, the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril and the serine proteinase inhibitor phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride were without effect. Phase separation experiments using Triton X-114 showed that about 64% of the neutral endopeptidase activity in the Aplysia kidney membrane corresponds to an integral membrane protein. A specific radioiodinated inhibitor ([125I]RB104) was shown to bind the Aplysia endopeptidase with high affinity; the KD and Bmax. values were 21 +/- 5 pM and 20.3 +/- 5 fmol/mg of proteins respectively. This inhibitor was used to determine the molecular form of the enzyme, after separation of solubilized membrane proteins on SDS/PAGE and transfer on to nitrocellulose membranes. A single protein band with an apparent molecular mass of 140 kDa was observed. The labelling was abolished by specific neutral endopeptidase inhibitors. This study provides the first biochemical characterization of an endopeptidase with catalytic properties similar to those of neutral endopeptidase-24.11 in the mollusc Aplysia californica.
Total synthesis of d1-strigol (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of d1-strigolJ. B. Heather, R. S. D. Mittal, and Charles J. SihCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 6, 1976–1977Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00813a075RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views339Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (264 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Baker's yeast-mediated preparation of optically active aryl alcohols and diols for the synthesis of chiral hydroxy acids (1990)

Baker's yeast reduction of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-one, 4-phenylbutan-2-one, and 2-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone (p-methoxyphenacyl alcohol), afforded in good yield and high optical purity the corresponding (S)-alcohols and the (R)-diol, but only after careful investigation of incubation conditions. Protection of the above hydroxy compounds, and ruthenium tetraoxide oxidation of their acetates, afforded the corresponding acetoxy acids in good yield and high optical purity. (S)-1-(p-Methoxyphenyl)ethane-1,2-diol could be prepared either by baker's yeast incubation of the acetate of p-methoxyphenacyl alcohol or 2-acetoxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone (24% yield, 82% ee) or from its (R)-enantiomer via a Mitsonobu reaction on its mono t-butyldimethylsilyl ether.
The Weight-Carrying Function of the Human Spine (1959)

(1959). The Weight-Carrying Function of the Human Spine. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica: Vol. 29, No. 1-4, pp. 276-290.
Imaging Normal and Abnormal Brain Development: New Perspectives for Child Psychiatry (2001)

In ADHD, the developmental pattern suggests an early non-progressive 'lesion' involving neurotrophic factors controlling overall brain growth and selected dopamine circuits. In contrast, in COS, which shows progressive grey matter loss, various candidate processes influencing later synaptic and dendritic pruning are suggested by human post-mortem and developmental animal studies.
Antineoplastic activities and cytotoxicity of 1-acyl and 1,2-diacyl-1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-diones in murine and human tissue culture cells. (1992)

1-Acyl- and 1,2-diacyl-1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-diones were found to be potent cytotoxic agents in murine and human cancer cell lines, e.g. L1210, P388, Tmolt3, colon adenocarcinoma, Hela cells and glioma. In vivo activity was demonstrated at 8 mg/kg/day against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma growth. In L1210 cells, 1-acetyl-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-dione, 41, reduced DNA synthesis significantly with moderate reduction in RNA synthesis. Enzyme sites in L1210 cells which were markedly affected were m- and r-RNA polymerase, PRPP amidotransferase, IMP dehydrogenase, dihydrofolate reductase, thymidine, TMP and TDP kinases. Kinetic studies suggest the inhibition of rate limiting enzymes in the purine pathway by 41 was responsible for its cytotoxicity. Acute toxicity studies in mice indicated 41 was safe for therapeutic use at 20, 50, and 100 mg/ky/day.
A transient increase of snoN transcript by growth arrest upon serum deprivation and cell‐to‐cell contact (1996)

To analyze the possible involvement of c-ski and c-sno during the course of in vitro myogenesis, expression of their transcripts during differentiation of a murine muscle cell line (C2C12) was monitored by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The transcripts of c-snoN were temporarily increased 25-fold above basal level at 12 h prior to the onset of transcription of muscle-specific gene, e.g. myogenin and muscle creatine kinase, whereas c-ski was expressed invariably. The transient increase of c-snoN was blocked when myogenesis was interrupted by the presence of fetal calf serum in culture medium, probably due to growth factors being included; basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) blocked the transient increase whereas epidermal growth factor (EGF) did not, consistent with the inhibitory effect of b-FGF and no effect of EGF on myotube formation of C2C12. In fibroblastic C3H10T1/2 cells, snoN exhibited a similar transient increase of transcript when growth arrested under the same conditions as for in vitro myogenesis, indicating that the expression of snoN is not sufficient to induce the onset of muscle differentiation and an unknown factor involved in myogenic cells is necessary. The transient increase of snoN transcript may represent a common entrance step of cells into the G0 phase where muscle differentiation is substantiated, considering that it was observed upon growth arrest of fibroblastic C3H10T1/2 cells and prior to the elevation of MCK in C2C12 but undetected when entry into G0 was blocked by b-FGF.
Bias dependent potential distribution of a Pt/HfO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si gate structure obtained from a bias application in hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (2014)

The electronic states and potential distribution throughout a Pt gate metal/high-k gate-stack structure were investigated using a bias application in hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Analyzing the core level shifts as functions of the applied bias voltage indicates that a potential gradient forms at the Pt/HfO2 interface.
High Performance Silicon Photocathodes for Hydrogen Production Via Solar Water Splitting (2015)

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting could provide a sustainable means of hydrogen fuel production. 1 Many recent studies have focused on developing materials suitable for application in dual-absorber PEC water splitting devices due to the high solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies this architecture could enable. 2, 3 Silicon is a particularly promising small band gap absorber material for application in a tandem PEC device due to its abundance, relatively low cost, excellent charger carrier transport, and near-ideal band gap. A number of recent studies have reported promising silicon photocathode structures. 4-6 However, several challenges remain to be addressed to develop silicon photocathodes that are as efficient and stable as necessary for economical water splitting. The silicon must be combined with an active catalyst to reduce the kinetic overpotential necessary to drive the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the electrode surface. 4-6 The silicon must also be protected to prevent corrosion or oxidation, which can destroy device performance. 6 We report our recent progress in designing highly active and stable silicon photocathodes. First, we discuss strategies for protecting silicon photocathodes against corrosion. We demonstrate that silicon electrodes covered with a thin surface coating of molybdenum disulfide show no loss in performance after 100 hours of operation. 7 Transmission electron microscopy measurements reveal the atomic scale features of this electrode design that result in its excellent stability. While the MoS 2 surface layer provides reasonable catalytic activity, the device performance is limited due to the low density of exposed catalytic sites. To further improve this cathode’s efficiency, we incorporate a second molybdenum sulfide nanomaterial, highly catalytically active [Mo 3 S 13 ] 2- clusters, 8 resulting in precious metal-free devices with photocurrent onset potentials within ~150 mV of the best reported Pt/Si photocathodes. Next, we discuss further improvements in the design of silicon photocathodes to maximize the photocurrent onset potential and device durability. These developments include the incorporation of new, highly active HER electrocatalysts as well as photocathode designs that reduce recombination within the silicon, maximizing the current-voltage characteristics of the device. Based on our findings, we propose strategies for further improving the performance of solar water splitting photocathodes. 1. M. G. Walter, et al., Chemical Reviews , 110 , 6446 (2010). 2. M. F. Weber, et al., Journal of The Electrochemical Society , 131 , 1258 (1984). 3. L. C. Seitz, et al., ChemSusChem , 7 , 1372 (2014). 4. J. R. McKone, et al., Energy & Environmental Science , 4 , 3573 (2011). 5. S. W. Boettcher, et al., Journal of the American Chemical Society , 133 , 1216 (2011). 6. B. Seger, et al., Journal of the American Chemical Society , 135 , 1057 (2013). 7. J. D. Benck, et al., Advanced Energy Materials , (2014). 8. J. Kibsgaard, et al., Nat Chem , 6 , 248 (2014).
Hybrid fuzzy connectionist rule-based systems and the role of fuzzy rules extraction (2002)

The paper presents the major principles of building complex hybrid systems for knowledge engineering where at the centre of the design process is the task of learning (extracting) fuzzy rules from data. An experimental environment FuzzyCOPE, which facilitates this process, is described. It consists of fuzzy rules extraction module, neural networks module, fuzzy inference methods module and a production rules module. Such an environment makes possible using all of the three paradigms, i,e. fuzzy rules, neural networks and symbolic production rules in one system. Automatic rules extraction from data and choosing the most appropriate reasoning mechanism is also provided. Using FuzzyCOPE for building hybrid systems for decision making and speech recognition is discussed and illustrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inhaled Corticosteroids (2010)

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the most effective controllers of asthma. They suppress inflammation mainly by switching off multiple activated inflammatory genes through reversing histone acetylation via the recruitment of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2). Through suppression of airway inflammation ICS reduce airway hyperresponsiveness and control asthma symptoms. ICS are now first-line therapy for all patients with persistent asthma, controlling asthma symptoms and preventing exacerbations. Inhaled long-acting β₂-agonists added to ICS further improve asthma control and are commonly given as combination inhalers, which improve compliance and control asthma at lower doses of corticosteroids. By contrast, ICS provide much less clinical benefit in COPD and the inflammation is resistant to the action of corticosteroids. This appears to be due to a reduction in HDAC2 activity and expression as a result of oxidative stress. ICS are added to bronchodilators in patients with severe COPD to reduce exacerbations. ICS, which are absorbed from the lungs into the systemic circulation, have negligible systemic side effects at the doses most patients require, although the high doses used in COPD has some systemic side effects and increases the risk of developing pneumonia.
Performance comparison and channel length scaling of strained Si FETs on SiGe-on-Insulator (SGOI) (2005)

The scaling behavior of current drive enhancements in strained-silicon NFETs on SiGe-on-insulator (SGOI) is reported. SGOI NFET enhancement exhibits only moderate channel length dependence down to sub-50 nm regime, indicating strain-induced enhancement can be sustained in future technology nodes. This is contrary to some previous reports which suggested dramatic reduction of strain-induced NFET current enhancement with channel length scaling. A novel analysis technique was developed to account for the difference in self-heating in SGOI and SOI devices to enable intrinsic device performance comparison. Additive effects of biaxial strain from the Si/SiGe heterostructure and process-induced uniaxial stress are experimentally demonstrated for the first time.