gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Instrumentation for Reflectance Spectroscopy and Microspectroscopy with Application to Astrobiology (2008)

We present instrument concepts for in-situ reflectance spectroscopy over a spatial resolution range from several meters to tens of micrometers. These have been adapted to the low mass and power requirements of rover or similar platforms. Described are a miniaturized imaging spectrometer for rover mast, a combined mast and arm point spectrometer, and an imaging microspectrometer for the rover arm.
Charge sensing in enhancement mode double-top-gated metal-oxide-semiconductor quantum dots (2009)

Laterally coupled charge sensing of quantum dots is highly desirable because it enables measurement even when conduction through the quantum dot itself is suppressed. In this work, we demonstrate such charge sensing in a double-top-gated metal-oxide-semiconductor system. The current through a point contact constriction integrated near a quantum dot shows sharp 2% changes corresponding to charge transitions between the dot and a nearby lead. We extract the coupling capacitance between the charge sensor and the quantum dot, and we show that it agrees well with a three-dimensional capacitance model of the integrated sensor and quantum dot system.
Tips, tricks and troubles (2010)

When used efficiently, modern multicore architectures, such as Cell and GPUs, provide the processing power required by resource demanding multimedia workloads. However, the diversity of resources exposed to the programmers, intrinsically requires specific mindsets for efficiently utilizing these resources - not only compared to an x86 architecture, but also between the Cell and the GPUs. In this context, our analysis of 14 different Motion-JPEG implementations indicates that there exists a large potential for optimizing performance, but there are also many pitfalls to avoid. By experimentally evaluating algorithmic choices, inter-core data communication (memory transfers) and architecture-specific capabilities, such as instruction sets, we present tips, tricks and troubles with respect to efficient utilization of the available resources.
Cross-talk among flesh-eating<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i>strains in mixed infection leading to necrotizing fasciitis (2016)

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) caused by flesh-eating bacteria is associated with high case fatality. In an earlier study, we reported infection of an immunocompetent individual with multiple strains of Aeromonas hydrophila (NF1-NF4), the latter three constituted a clonal group whereas NF1 was phylogenetically distinct. To understand the complex interactions of these strains in NF pathophysiology, a mouse model was used, whereby either single or mixed A. hydrophila strains were injected intramuscularly. NF2, which harbors exotoxin A (exoA) gene, was highly virulent when injected alone, but its virulence was attenuated in the presence of NF1 (exoA-minus). NF1 alone, although not lethal to animals, became highly virulent when combined with NF2, its virulence augmented by cis-exoA expression when injected alone in mice. Based on metagenomics and microbiological analyses, it was found that, in mixed infection, NF1 selectively disseminated to mouse peripheral organs, whereas the other strains (NF2, NF3, and NF4) were confined to the injection site and eventually cleared. In vitro studies showed NF2 to be more effectively phagocytized and killed by macrophages than NF1. NF1 inhibited growth of NF2 on solid media, but ExoA of NF2 augmented virulence of NF1 and the presence of NF1 facilitated clearance of NF2 from animals either by enhanced priming of host immune system or direct killing via a contact-dependent mechanism.
NMR Structure of AbhN and Comparison with AbrBN (2006)

Understanding the molecular mechanisms of transition state regulator proteins is critical, since they play a pivotal role in the ability of bacteria to cope with changing environments. Although much effort has focused on their genetic characterization, little is known about their structural and functional conservation. Here we present the high resolution NMR solution structure of the N-terminal domain of the Bacillus subtilis transition state regulator Abh (AbhN), only the second such structure to date. We then compare AbhN to the N-terminal DNA-binding domain of B. subtilis AbrB (AbrBN). This is the first such comparison between two AbrB-like transition state regulators. AbhN and AbrBN are very similar, suggesting a common structural basis for their DNA binding. However, we also note subtle variances between the AbhN and AbrBN structures, which may play important roles in DNA target specificity. The results of accompanying in vitro DNA-binding studies serve to highlight binding differences between the two proteins.
A new platelet preservative (2002)

A new platelet preservative, ViaCyte trade mark (balanced salt solution, physiological buffer, D-ribose, bovine serum albumin, D-glucose, sterile water) was tested against the presently used storage solution (citrate-phosphate-dextrose; CPD) and results revealed that ViaCyte demonstrated added protection for platelets during storage-induced activation. Following five days of storage at room temperature, only 12.2% of platelets stored in ViaCyte exhibited P-selectin expression at rest and, upon thrombin challenge, 64.2% were activated, an increase of 42%. In control platelets (platelets stored in CDP), 44.4% were activated due to storage-induced lesions, and thrombin stimulation resulted in 47.9% P-selectin expression, an increase of only 2.5%. ViaCyte storage maintained the resting state and preserved platelet function, making more platelets available for activation upon agonist challenge. This preliminary study demonstrated that the presently used standard preservative does not offer protection from storage-induced lesions. Partially dysfunctional platelets do not contribute significantly to hemostasis in vivo and play little role, if any, in clot retraction and wound healing processes.
Genomewide Association Study Using a High-Density Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Array and Case-Control Design Identifies a Novel Essential Hypertension Susceptibility Locus in the Promoter Region of Endothelial NO Synthase (2011)

Essential hypertension is a multifactorial disorder and is the main risk factor for renal and cardiovascular complications. The research on the genetics of hypertension has been frustrated by the small predictive value of the discovered genetic variants. The HYPERGENES Project investigated associations between genetic variants and essential hypertension pursuing a 2-stage study by recruiting cases and controls from extensively characterized cohorts recruited over many years in different European regions. The discovery phase consisted of 1865 cases and 1750 controls genotyped with 1M Illumina array. Best hits were followed up in a validation panel of 1385 cases and 1246 controls that were genotyped with a custom array of 14 055 markers. We identified a new hypertension susceptibility locus (rs3918226) in the promoter region of the endothelial NO synthase gene (odds ratio: 1.54 [95% CI: 1.37-1.73]; combined P=2.58 · 10(-13)). A meta-analysis, using other in silico/de novo genotyping data for a total of 21 714 subjects, resulted in an overall odds ratio of 1.34 (95% CI: 1.25-1.44; P=1.032 · 10(-14)). The quantitative analysis on a population-based sample revealed an effect size of 1.91 (95% CI: 0.16-3.66) for systolic and 1.40 (95% CI: 0.25-2.55) for diastolic blood pressure. We identified in silico a potential binding site for ETS transcription factors directly next to rs3918226, suggesting a potential modulation of endothelial NO synthase expression. Biological evidence links endothelial NO synthase with hypertension, because it is a critical mediator of cardiovascular homeostasis and blood pressure control via vascular tone regulation. This finding supports the hypothesis that there may be a causal genetic variation at this locus.
[Acute suppurative thyroiditis. Report of a case and review of the literature]. (1996)

The authors present a case of acute suppurative thyroiditis complicated by acute dyspnoea with asphyxia in a patient of geriatric age. In this patient there were present possible infectious focuses like multiple dental abscesses and contamination of the urinary tract. Histological examination highlighted a focus of papillifer carcinoma in the context of the gland. We have a review of the literature on this observation and description. Acute suppurative thyroiditis is currently a pathology of rare observation. This rarity is due, apart from the availability of antibiotic therapy, to an intrinsic resistance of the thyroid gland to contamination. In most cases we are talking of bacterial infections, but in immunodepressed subjects fungal etiology is noteworthy. The infection could arise from primitive focuses present in any bodily district with propagation to the thyroid across different ways. Expressive is the anamnestic observation of preexisting thyroid dysfunction. After an attentive evaluation of the clinical findings, usually characteristic, it is important to complete the diagnostic course with some instrumental investigations. In particular cervical sonography, possibly associated with agobiopsy is fundamental. Initially therapy is medical (basically antibiotic). The surgical resolution foresees the drainage of the purulent abscess or the thyroidectomy if it is associated with a struma.
Diffuse xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with psoas abscess in a pregnant woman. (2007)

We report the first case, to our knowledge, of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) with psoas abscess occurring during pregnancy. A 37-year-old woman in the third trimester of pregnancy presented with low back pain and a fever. From sonographic features, a multidisciplinary team decided to perform computed tomography of the abdomen with contrast agent injection, which strongly suggested diffuse XGP of the left kidney with a psoas abscess. Cesarean section at 32 weeks was followed by extended nephrectomy. Pathological examination of the operative specimen confirmed the diagnosis. Outcomes were favorable in the mother and baby. The diagnosis and treatment of XGP during pregnancy are discussed.
Hydrophilicity dependent budding and secretion of chimeric HIV Gag-V3 virus-like particles (2007)

Virus-like particles (VLPs) of numerous viruses have been considered as possible candidates for vaccine development. We have constructed HIV chimeric genes by coupling the gag gene of HIV-2 with the V3 domain of the gp120 gene of either HIV-1 or HIV-2 and expressed the chimeric genes in SF21 cells using the recombinant baculovirus expression system. Although the level of expression of the chimeric HIV-2 gag gene with the V3 domain of either HIV-1 gp120 (gagC-1V3) or HIV-2 gp120 (gagC-2V3) was high, the VLP assembly and extracellular release of GagC-1V3 was very poor. In contrast, GagC-2V3 chimeric proteins formed VLPs and released efficiently. We have constructed substitution mutants to investigate the effects of the hydrophobic region of the V3 domain of HIV-1 Gp120 (1V3) in VLP assembly and release. The substitution mutant analyses revealed that in replacing the hydrophobic region of the 1V3 in GagC-1V3 with the hydrophilic sequence of the V3 domain of HIV-2 Gp120 (2V3) enhanced the extracellular VLP. We demonstrate here that disruption of the hydrophobic character of the C-terminus of the chimeric protein improves assembly and release of the VLPs. Our results suggest that the poor GagC-1V3 VLP release was attributed to the hydrophobic region in the V3 sequence of the chimeric protein, and that not only the N-terminal myristylation and positively charged domain of the Gag protein functioned as a targeting signal to direct membrane binding, but also that the C-terminal hydrophobic region affected release of chimeric VLPs.
[Establishment and characterization of a cell line, HS-Os-1 derived from an osteoblastic type of human osteosarcoma]. (1990)

A new human cell line, HS-Os-1, derived from a case of osteoblastic osteosarcoma arising in the humerus of an 11-year-old girl was established. Light microscopically, HS-Os-1 cells growing in a monolayer (in vitro) were pleomorphic, intermingled with a few multinucleated giant ones, and positive with alkaline phosphatase reaction. In the transplanted tumors in athymic nude mice (in vivo), atypical spindle or polygonal cells densely proliferated with prominent osteoid formation and even calcification. HS-Os-1 cells, both in vitro and in vivo, were mostly positive for vimentin and a few for S-100 protein. Ultrastructurally, HS-Os-1 cells in vitro and in vivo also revealed essentially the same features as the eccentrically located, euchromatin-rich nuclei with prominent nucleoli, a lot of well-developed, irregularly-dilated rough endoplasmic reticula, polysomes and microfilaments in the cytoplasm. Namely, HS-Os-1 cells fully expressed and possessed morphological characteristics as osteoblastic nature during the cultivation and heterotransplantation. This cell line, therefore, proved to be extremely useful to search for human osteosarcomas.
Reaction between <i>S</i>-Nitrosothiols and Thiols:  Generation of Nitroxyl (HNO) and Subsequent Chemistry (1998)

S-Nitrosothiols have been implicated to play key roles in a variety of physiological processes. The potential physiological importance of S-nitrosothiols prompted us to examine their reaction with thiols. We find that S-nitrosothiols can react with thiols to generate nitroxyl (HNO) and the corresponding disulfide. Further reaction of HNO with the remaining S-nitrosothiol and thiol results in the generation of other species including NO, sulfinamide, and hydroxylamine. Mechanisms are proposed that rationalize the observed products.
Association of Hospital Participation in a Regional Trauma Quality Improvement Collaborative With Patient Outcomes (2018)

This study demonstrates that hospital participation in a regional collaborative quality improvement program is associated with improved patient outcomes beyond benchmark reporting alone while promoting compliance with processes of care.
A comparison of decimation filter architectures for sigma-delta A/D converters (1991)

A comparison is made of four alternative decimation filter structures suitable for sigma-delta A/D converters. Tradeoffs are examined between computational complexity coefficient storage, passband ripple, and sharpness of the transition band. Such tradeoffs become important in ASIC designs where the specifications of the A/D converter can vary significantly with the application. Improvements to the simulated annealing algorithm originally proposed by N. Benvenuto et al. (1989) for filter design, was used to determine the filter coefficients for all the proposed structures with considerable improvement in convergence time, are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stimulated emission in high-gain organic media (1999)

Stimulated emission was studied in various scattering gain media, including thin \ensuremath{\pi}-conjugated polymer films, organic dyes-doped gel films, and opal crystals saturated with polymer and laser dye solutions. We found that at high excitation intensities a featureless amplified spontaneous emission band transforms into a finely structured spectrum having features as narrow as 0.1 nm. Stimulated emission in this regime is directional and characterized by a linear laserlike intensity dependence. We speculate that this phenomenon is due to optical feedback caused by light scattering inside the inhomogeneous gain media.
Substation based data interpretation techniques for improved power system management (2002)

There is now considerable pressure on electric utilities to operate their systems in the most efficient manner possible and to provide increased quality of service to customers. This pressure, coupled with the decreasing availability of reserve margins dictates that there is a requirement for comprehensive system operation support through, among other things, the provision of quality information relating to the behaviour of the primary and secondary systems. This paper shows how the data available within modern substation control and management systems can be exploited in a cost-effective manner, through the implementation of advanced substation functions in an open systems environment. Certain functions which are presently carried out at the control centre could be distributed (or partially distributed) to the substation. These functions, may provide the utility staff with quality information, which can in turn be used to satisfy the objectives of increasing quality and security of supply, in addition to optimising the utility's information, maintenance and asset management functions.
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Hydrochlorothiazide in Serum and Urine (1979)

We report a high performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of hydrochlorothiazide in 500microliter of serum of 25 microliter of urine. The between-day precision of the analysis (CV 5.0-7.0%) is acceptable, as is the recovery of hydrochlorothiazide (90-96%) and trichloromethiazide (96%) added to serum. No drug or drug metabolite interferences have been noted. The method represents a considerable improvement over existing techniques described in the literature.
Learning Prepositional Attachment From Sentence Aligned Bilingual Corpora (2003)

Prepositional phrase attachment (PP attachment) is a major source of ambiguity in English. It poses a substantial challenge to Machine Translation (MT) between English and languages that are not characterized by PP attachment ambiguity. In this paper we present an unsupervised, bilingual, corpus-based approach to the resolution of English PP attachment ambiguity. As data we use aligned linguistic representations of the English and Japanese sentences from a large parallel corpus of technical texts. The premise of our approach is that with large aligned, parsed, bilingual (or multilingual) corpora, languages can learn non-trivial linguistic information from one another with high accuracy. We contend that our approach can be extended to linguistic phenomena other than PP attachment.
Progression of multiple cryptic vascular malformations associated with anomalous venous drainage (1994)

The case of a young girl with a pericallosal venous malformation associated with multiple cryptic vascular malformations (CVM's) is described. The presenting cryptic malformation, which hemorrhaged, was completely excised, but the venous malformation was not. Routine follow-up magnetic resonance images obtained over the past 9 years have documented the development of multiple new cryptic malformations along the radicles of the venous malformation. Magnetic resonance imaging and cerebral angiography revealed venous outflow obstruction at the junction of the venous malformation with the straight sinus. The association of CVM's with anomalous venous drainage patterns and the role of venous hypertension in the pathogenesis of cryptic malformations are discussed. This case suggests that CVM's associated with a venous malformation may recur and new ones may develop if the venous malformation is not excised, particularly if venous hypertension is also present. The likelihood of a surgical cure in these patients may depend on complete excision of both anomalies, which is rarely feasible because of the potentially devastating results of resecting a venous malformation. Alternative treatments for patients with both types of lesions are discussed.
<title>Theory of semiconductor laser with phase-conjugate optical feedback</title> (1995)

The effects of phase-conjugate feedback on a semiconductor laser are studied, beginning with a derivation based on linear response theory of the single-mode field rate equation. For sufficiently high feedback levels and fast-responding PCM, a multimode extermal cavity mode spectrum emerges analogous to that of the conventional feedback case, except that the spacing of the modes is half that of the latter, and tuning is possible by varying the frequency of the PCMs pump laser relative to that of the free-running laser. The latter may also be used as a control parameter to achieve stable operation at high feedback levels, and to maximize the fraction of energy in the central 'spike' of the laser spectrum. The extermal cavity modes also show up as spikes in the RIN and phase noise spectra. Finally, the effects of pump linewidth on laser linewidth reduction and finite PCM response time are described.
Trio, a Rho Family GEF, Interacts with the Presynaptic Active Zone Proteins Piccolo and Bassoon (2016)

Synaptic vesicles (SVs) fuse with the plasma membrane at a precise location called the presynaptic active zone (AZ). This fusion is coordinated by proteins embedded within a cytoskeletal matrix assembled at the AZ (CAZ). In the present study, we have identified a novel binding partner for the CAZ proteins Piccolo and Bassoon. This interacting protein, Trio, is a member of the Dbl family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) known to regulate the dynamic assembly of actin and growth factor dependent axon guidance and synaptic growth. Trio was found to interact with the C-terminal PBH 9/10 domains of Piccolo and Bassoon via its own N-terminal Spectrin repeats, a domain that is also critical for its localization to the CAZ. Moreover, our data suggest that regions within the C-terminus of Trio negatively regulate its interactions with Piccolo/Bassoon. These findings provide a mechanism for the presynaptic targeting of Trio and support a model in which Piccolo and Bassoon play a role in regulating neurotransmission through interactions with proteins, including Trio, that modulate the dynamic assembly of F-actin during cycles of synaptic vesicle exo- and endocytosis.
Modelling of the Structure-Property Relationships in Auxetic Nanotube (2012)

In this project, fully generalised analytical expressions for longitudinal Young’s modulus are developed for zigzag Single-Walled Nanotubes (SWNTs), based on a hexagonal honeycomb motif, using an energy equivalent approach. Honeycomb geometry (bond lengths and angles), and bond-stretch and bond-angle force constants are considered as variable parameters and deformation is assumed due to simultaneous bond stretching and bond angle variation in response to an applied axial load. A parametric study is then performed to explore the structure-property relationships in auxetic (negative Poisson’s ratio) nanotube.
Endothelial Glycocalyx as an Additional Barrier Determining Extravasation of 6% Hydroxyethyl Starch or 5% Albumin Solutions in the Coronary Vascular Bed (2004)

The endothelial glycocalyx acts as a competent barrier for water and colloids. Only after its destruction do changes in endothelial morphology (postischemic reperfusion or histamine application) become effective determinants of coronary extravasation.
Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of conjugated oligomers weakly bonded to Si(100) surfaces: A theoretical study (2005)

We present theoretical simulations of the Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) of thienylenevinylene oligomers physisorbed on a Si(100) surface. Calculations based on a tight-binding method including self-consistency for the molecule are used to predict STM imaging and spectroscopy. We obtain that the STM images in the constant current mode are characterized by several bumps which do not coincide with the thiophene rings in the molecule but reveal the dimer rows below the molecule. We show that this behavior does not depend on the size of the molecule, on its orientation with respect to the dimer rows, or on the buckling of the dimers. These results are discussed and compared with available experimental data.