gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast Interfacial Charge Carrier Dynamics in ZnSe and ZnSe/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles:  Influence of Shell Formation (2008)

The post-preparative irradiation of water-soluble thiol-stabilized ZnSe colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) leads to a strong increase of the photoluminescence quantum yield of UV blue emission. The altered photoluminescence properties of the colloidal samples have been explained previously by changes in particle composition, size, and surface modification accompanying irradiation. In this work, the charge carrier dynamics in NCs before and after irradiation treatment has been examined via femtosecond transient absorbance spectroscopy in the UV−visible spectral region. Upon adsorption of the electron acceptor methylviologen (MV2+), an ultrafast heterogeneous electron transfer from the conduction band of the nanocrystals to MV2+ is observed and studied. Therefore, the employment of the MV2+ helps to assign the observed dynamics to electron or hole relaxation processes. It is shown that a ZnSe/ZnS core/shell structure is formed during the post-preparative treatment. The transient absorbance measurements of the MV2...
Reliable in-vivo penetration and transdermal injection using ultra-sharp hollow microneedles (2005)

Minimally invasive microneedles is a promising technology for painless drug administration through the human skin. However, not all microneedle structures are capable of penetrating the human skin in a repeatable and reliable fashion at moderate insertion forces. In this work we present an ultra-sharp hollow microneedle array, tailored for enhanced and reliable skin penetration capability. The microneedle apex has a tip radius below 100 nm. We show penetration and sustainable injection of liquid dye into dry living human skin without the use of any penetration enhancers. Microneedle liquid injection was also tested on clinically relevant sites, such as the shoulder and the upper arm. The electrical impedance was measured between the microneedle and a counter electrode showing continuous changes in the measured values during the insertion.
Enhanced Prostaglandin Synthesis Contributes to the Venoconstrictor Activity of Ergotamine (1975)

Spiral strips from dog saphenous veins were contracted by 2.5 X 10(-9) M ergotamine, a concentration giving about 50% of maximal response. Phentolamine (3.6 X 10(-6) M) reduced these effects by 60% and indomethacin (2.8 X 10(-7) M) by 30%. Indomethacin was more effective in reducing ergotamine-induced increase of prostaglandin E-like activity in the bathing fluid than those induced by noradrenaline or potassium chloride. Arachidonic acid was more effective in increasing tension in ergotamine-stimulated than in noradrenaline- or potassium-stimulated veins. These findings suggest that the long-lasting venoconstrictor activity of ergotamine is mediated mainly by alpha-adrenoceptors but that enhanced formation of prostaglandin E-like substance(s) may also contribute.
In-Vivo Imaging of Changes in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Thrombus Volume During the Cardiac Cycle (2009)

In-vivo thrombus compressibility varied from patient to patient, and this variation was irrespective of aneurysm size, pulse pressure, and thrombus volume. This suggests that thrombus might act as a biomechanical buffer in some, while it has virtually no effect in others. Whether differences in thrombus compressibility alter the risk of rupture will be the focus of future research.
NIMG-03. RADIOMIC TEXTURE ANALYSIS TO PREDICT RESPONSE TO IMMUNOTHERAPY (2018)

Radiomic texture analysis (TA) from standard MRI imaging may be able to discriminate between responders versus non-responders in glioblastoma patients treated with pembrolizumab immunotherapy. 14 patients (5 males; mean age 58 years; range: 32–72 years), with pathologically-proven recurrent GBM, enrolled in a pembrolizumab clinical trial, were retrospectively evaluated. Immunotherapy Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology(iRANO) were performed. Patients were categorized based on: 1) best response or 2) overall response (OR) using the iRANO status at the last scan time in the trial. Patients with progressive disease (PD) were classified as non-responders, while patients with partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) were classified as responders. T2-FLAIR (edema/invasion) and post-contrast T1WI (enhancing tumor) of baseline scans were co-registered and segmented (3D Slicer, v.4.3.1) to create a volume of interest for Radiomic TA. A total of 4880 texture features were extracted. Feature selection was performed using Lasso regularization. For classification and predictive model building, gbtree booster of XGboost with Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOOCV) was used on the selected texture features to build a binary logistic regression model and classify the patients into respective groups<.strong> Using the best response classification, 10 patients were classified as non-responders and four patients classified as responders (1 SD; 3 PR). Using 13 radiomic features, these patients could be classified into their respective responding groups with a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 100%, p-value=0.0089. Based on OR, 12 patients were classified as non-responders and two as responders (2 SD). Seven features were able to differentiate the responding patients with a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 100%, p-value=0.0089. Radiomic TA was able to discriminate and predict those GBM patients that are responders versus non-responders to pembrolizumab with high robustness. Of note, given the small number of patients in this cohort, a larger cohort of patients is needed to minimize overfitting.
Investigation of the pharmacokinetics of celecoxib by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (2002)

A new method for the quantification of celecoxib in human plasma based on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometry (MS) after liquid–liquid extraction is presented. The method is rapid, sensitive and highly selective. The retention time of celecoxib was 2.3 min. The limit of quantification was 5 µg/L. Rofecoxib was used as internal standard. After validation, the method was used to study the pharmacokinetic profile of celecoxib following administration of a single oral dose (200 mg) in 12 healthy volunteers. Since celecoxib should be metabolized primarily by cytochrome 2C9 (CYP2C9), a poor metabolizer (PM) for this cytochrome P450 enzyme was included in the study. Pharmacokinetic characteristics (mean ± SD) of extensive metabolizers (EM) were tmax 2.9 ± 1.2 h, cmax 842 ± 280 µg/L, AUC∞ 6246 ± 2147 µg h/L and t1/2 7.8 ± 2.7 h. The area under the curve (AUC∞) for the PM was 12561 µg h/L. However, we found no noticeable increase in half life in the PM (11.5 h) after a single dose of celecoxib. Copyright­© 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogen bonding in carboxylic acid adlayers on Pd(111): evidence for catemer formation (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen bonding in carboxylic acid adlayers on Pd(111): evidence for catemer formationJ. L. Davis and M. A. BarteauCite this: Langmuir 1989, 5, 6, 1299–1309Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00090a004https://doi.org/10.1021/la00090a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views464Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation Method of the Quality Factor of Micromechanical Resonators Using Electron Beams (2009)

An application of electron beams was examined to evaluate vibrational characteristics. The relationship between the secondary electron intensities and the amplitude of mechanical resonators has been unclear. In this study, the relationship was investigated to evaluate the amplitude and the quality factor using the electron beam method. An expression to estimate the amplitude from the signal intensity was developed by modeling the secondary electron signal as a pulse wave. Conversion of the signal intensities to amplitudes enabled us to evaluate the quality factor. Then, experiments comparing the amplitude of a microcantilever estimated using the electron beam method to that directly measured from the scanning electron microscope image were conducted. The estimated and directly measured amplitudes agreed well, and the quality factors evaluated from both amplitudes also agreed well. Thus, we conclude that the electron beam method can reliably evaluate the quality factor of mechanical resonators.
Task-based lens design with application to digital mammography (2005)

Recent advances in model observers that predict human perceptual performance now make it possible to optimize medical imaging systems for human task performance. We illustrate the procedure by considering the design of a lens for use in an optically coupled digital mammography system. The channelized Hotelling observer is used to model human performance, and the channels chosen are differences of Gaussians. The task performed by the model observer is detection of a lesion at a random but known location in a clustered lumpy background mimicking breast tissue. The entire system is simulated with a Monte Carlo application according to physics principles, and the main system component under study is the imaging lens that couples a fluorescent screen to a CCD detector. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the channelized Hotelling observer is used to quantify this detectability of the simulated lesion (signal) on the simulated mammographic background. Plots of channelized Hotelling SNR versus signal location for various lens apertures, various working distances, and various focusing places are presented. These plots thus illustrate the trade-off between coupling efficiency and blur in a task-based manner. In this way, the channelized Hotelling SNR is used as a merit function for lens design.
Further examination of presumptive <i>Rhizobium trifolii</i> mutants that nodulate <i>Glycine max</i> (1979)

Two recent reports described the isolation of derivatives of a Rhizobium trifolii strain that had gained the ability to nodulate Glycine max and Vigna radiata and that had demonstrated altered patterns of carbon source utilization, free-living nitrogen fixation, and hydrogen uptake. More extensive characterization of these strains now supports the conclusion that these strains are R. japonicum and are not derived from the putative parent R. trifolii.
Mechanism of action of Clostridium difficile toxin B: role of external medium and cytoskeletal organization in intoxicated cells. (1989)

Toxin B, an exotoxin produced by Clostridium difficile, induces the rounding-up and arborization of cultured mammalian cells, a typical effect which resembles that provoked by cytochalasins. In this study, the effect of toxin B was examined on astroglial cells grown in primary culture. A specific antiserum to toxin B was used to investigate its mechanisms of action. We found that the toxin exerts its effects on cell morphology after its incorporation into cells. The internalization of toxin B requires the presence of calcium ions in the extracellular medium. Replacement of NaCl with sucrose or with potassium glutamate prevents the internalization of the toxin. The direct introduction of calcium ions into cells by the calcium ionophore A23187 stimulates toxin-induced morphological changes. In contrast, toxin-induced morphological transformations were prevented in cells treated with tumor-promoting phorbol. esters or with dibutyryl-cAMP, although such treatment did not abolish the internalization of the toxin. As in the other cell types, the earliest effect of toxin B on astrocyte cytoskeleton is the disruption of actin filaments, without no visible alteration of intermediate filament nor microtubule networks. As astrocytes with toxin-induced stellate morphology survive toxin treatment, the progression of cell morphology and cytoskeleton organization were followed for several weeks. Twenty-six days after exposure to toxin B, stellate astrocytes have processes which were markedly longer and much more branched than those of cells freshly exposed to toxin. At that time, cells are still devoid of F-actin as assessed with rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin and only 70% contain vimentin while all astrocytes present in control cultures express vimentin. Some flat epithelioid astrocytes with prominent bundles of microfilaments reappear during the second week after toxin treatment. Our results show that Clostridium difficile toxin B is internalized into brain astrocytes in culture where it acts by modifying cytoskeletal elements. Its cytopathic effects are reversible. Although actin-related components of the cytoskeleton are the major target of toxin B, other cytoskeletal elements also seem to be affected.
Categorization of Sound Attributes for Audio Quality Assessment—A Lexical Study (2014)

For the evaluation of perceived quality in audio coding, two well-known subjective test methods, both of which are based on Basic Audio Quality (BAQ), are recommended by the International Telecommunication Union. Although a predictor of quality, BAQ is likely to be multidimensional. Listening tests can be used to evaluate other attributes that contribute to impairments created by coding. The goal of this study is to define categories of additional attributes, thereby providing a complement to the single BAQ metric. When quality attributes are sorted, there appears to be three groups: one related to space, a second related to defects, and a third split into timbre and quality.
Cloning and expression of the plasmid-encoded benzene dioxygenase genes from<i>Pseudomonas putida</i>ML2 (1990)

Hybridization using heterologous dioxygenase gene probes indicated the presence of the genes encoding the enzyme benzene dioxygenase on a 112 kb plasmid from Pseudomonas putida ML2. They were identified as benzene dioxygenase genes (bed ABC1C2) by cloning in Escherichia coli and analysis of expression by Western blotting using antibodies raised to the four polypeptides of purified benzene dioxygenase.
Abstract 194: Characterization of Arrhythmogenic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Caused by Novel Filamin C Splice Variant in a Zebrafish Model (2015)

Although dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious and frequent genetic cause of heart failure, only 30-40% of cases can be attributed to a known DCM gene mutation. To identify and confirm additional disease genes involved in DCM, we performed whole exome sequencing in two multigenerational families with DCM, both from the same geographic region of Italy, and found a novel splice variant in the gene encoding filamin-C (FLNC). Previously characterized mutations in FLNC had been primarily linked to skeletal muscle disease, although none of the affected family members displayed skeletal myopathy. To confirm and further characterize the arrhythmogenic DCM phenotype observed in family members, we performed embryonic knockdown experiments using morpholino (MO) treatment in zebrafish (Danio rerio) targeting the FLNC ortholog, filamin Cb (flncb). Following MO injection into 1-2 cell stage zebrafish embryos, 63.4% (78 of 123) of viable flncb MO-injected embryos displayed a cardiac phenotype at 72 hours post fertilization (hpf) (vs. 17.0% [30 of 177] of control MO-injected embryos; p≤0.001). Increases in mortality were observed, with 20.8% (54 of 260) of flncb MO-injected embryos surviving at 7 days post fertilization (vs. 65% [162 of 249] of control embryos; p≤0.001). The flncb MO-injected embryos demonstrated pericardial edema, dysmorphic or dilated cardiac chambers, and abnormal looping of the heart tube suggestive of systolic dysfunction. The flncb MO-injected embryos additionally demonstrated a lower mean stroke volume than controls (0.076 vs. 0.181 nl; p=0.015), a reduced mean cardiac output (10.8 vs. 25 nl/min; p=0.02), and an increase in the fraction of retrograde blood flow over the cardiac cycle (0.42 vs. 0.03; p=0.027). Overall, this flncb MO treatment recapitulated a DCM phenotype similar to the state caused by the human splicing variant, supporting haploinsufficiency as the mechanism leading to DCM in these families. Our findings suggest that approaches to augment endogenous filamin C protein levels may represent a viable treatment strategy that warrants exploration in future studies.
InFO_AiP Technology for High Performance and Compact 5G Millimeter Wave System Integration (2018)

InFO_AiP technology, with low loss chip-to-antenna interconnect and wideband slot-coupled patch antenna, is proposed for low power, high performance, and compact 5G millimeter wave (mmWave) system integration. The low loss chip-to-antenna interconnect is related to low metal surface roughness of redistribution layer (RDL) and smooth interconnect transition between chip and package in InFO technology. The InFO RDL with low metal roughness results in transmission loss of 0.3 dB/mm which is lower than the loss of Cu trace on substrate, and the smooth interconnect transition with low discontinuity structure reduces the interconnect loss, by 0.78 dB at 60 GHz. A wideband slot-coupled patch antenna is designed successfully with 22.8% FBW (56.6-71.2GHz) and over antenna gain of 3 dBi in the operating band. To verify the technology performance, an InFO_AiP sample at 60 GHz is first designed, fabricated, and measured. The measurement result has a good agreement with the simulation and shows S11 ? -10 dB bandwidth of 55-65 GHz. As a result, InFO_AiP is a leading technology for 5G mmWave system application from power and performance considerations.
The Tools of Science: The Handbook for the Apprentice of Biomedical Research (2010)

This book aims to provide useful tips for the understanding of scientific research processes and practical advice for people engaged in this field. It is a reflection of the author's more than 40 years of experience in medical and cancer research, and is written in a colloquial style to reach not only the young audience who are considering devoting their lives to biomedical research, but also to those who are already engaged in this field. The author emphasizes the unique traits and qualifications required for performing scientific research and also describes the different modalities which can be performed in our actual scientific environment. There are numerous practical advices in this book, such as guidelines on writing a grant proposal and the first peer-reviewed manuscript, the selection criteria of the training laboratory and mentors, as well as experimental record. The author also provides his insight on the personal inner drive and motivation critical for conducting scientific research, as well as the importance of working on a problem without losing the human perspective of this specific and unique human endeavor
The effect of pH and composition of test solutions on the inhibitory activity of wyerone acid towards germination of fungal spores (1972)

SUMMARY Wyerone acid at 100μg/ml prevented germination of conidia of Botrytis cinerea Fr. in aqueous extracts of leaves of Vicia faba L., but it was inactive in water and some synthetic nutrient solutions though antifungal activity appeared when the pH of these media was adjusted to 4.0 or 4.5. In pollen diffusates ( V.faba or Nicotiana glutinosd ) wyerone acid had little activity even at pH 4.0. In malt extract at pH 4.5 wyerone acid was active against several other plant pathogenic fungi but not against B. cinerea. It was concluded that both pH and unknown components of natural media affected the fungitoxicity of wyerone acid.
Factors involved in prolongation of the terminal disposition phase of SN-38: clinical and experimental studies. (2000)

The active metabolite of irinotecan (CPT-11), 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38), is either formed through enzymatic cleavage of CPT-11 by carboxyl esterases (CEs) or through cytochrome P-450 3A-mediated oxidation to 7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-amino] carbonyloxycamptothecin (NPC) and a subsequent conversion by CE. In the liver, SN-38 is glucuronidated (SN-38G) by UGT1A1, which also conjugates bilirubin. Fourteen patients were treated with 350 mg/m2 CPT-11, and we performed pharmacokinetic analysis during a 500-h collection period. The half-life and area under the plasma concentration-time curve of SN-38 were 47+/-7.9 h and 2.0+/-0.79 microM x h, respectively, both representing a 2-fold increase as compared with earlier reported estimates (A. Sparreboom et al, Clin. Cancer Res., 4: 2747-2754, 1998). As an explanation for this phenomenon, we noted substantial formation of SN-38 from CPT-11 and NPC by plasma CE, consistent with the low circulating levels of NPC observed. In addition, transport studies in Caco-2 monolayers indicated that nonglucuronidated SN-38 could cross the membrane from apical to basolateral, indicating the potential for recirculation processes that can prolong circulation times. Interestingly, individual levels of fecal beta-glucuronidase, which is known to mediate SN-38G hydrolysis, were not related to any of the SN-38 kinetic parameters (r = 0.09; P = 0.26), suggesting that interindividual variation in this enzyme is unimportant in explaining SN-38 pharmacokinetic variability. We have also found, in contrast to earlier data, that SN-38G/SN-38 plasma concentration ratios decrease over time from approximately 7 (up to 50 h) to approximately 1 (at 500 h). This decrease could be explained by the fact that glucuronidation of SN-38 and bilirubin is increasingly competitive at lower drug levels. In addition, no evidence was found for SN-38G transport through the Caco-2 cells. Our findings indicate that until now the circulation time of SN-38 has been underestimated. This is of crucial importance to our understanding of the clinical action of CPT-11 and for future pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships.
Activity based energy demand modeling for residential buildings (2013)

Statistics reveal that almost one-fourth of the overall power consumption in the US is by residential buildings; this number is only increasing. In order to manage the growing demand for energy, there is a need for energy system optimization, which would require a realistic, high resolution energy-demand model. To achieve this goal, we propose a modeling framework aimed at generating household energy demand profiles based on individual-level energy consuming activities. The model associates appliance usage for each household activity and calculates energy consumption based on the appliance energy rating and duration of activity. We use this information to generate a household level energy demand profile for roughly 63,000 households and discuss the possible uses of generating residential energy demand patterns. This paper provides a novel way to resolve correlational and consistency problems in the generation of individual-level and household-level “shared” activities which occur due to household members' interactions.