gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circadian characteristics of interleukin-6 in blood and urine of clinically healthy men. (1996)

The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multi-functional small peptide molecule that is produced by various types of lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells and plays a central role in hematopoiesis, host defense mechanisms, and acute phase reactions, including regulation of inflammatory and immune responses. A high-sensitivity ELISA assay was applied to serum (S) and urine (U) samples available from 10 men (median age = 50y, range = 46-71y) in order to compare circadian characteristics of IL-6 between assays and in 2 biological fluids. S and U samples were collected at 3-h intervals for 24hrs beginning at 19:00h on May 14, 1993 (8 samples/subj) and frozen at -25 degrees C until analysis. IL-6 in U was adjusted for time & volume (pg/hr) and assigned to midpoint of collection interval. A significant time-effect was found by ANOVA and a high-amplitude circadian rhythm was detected by the least-squares fit of a 24-hr &/or 24+12-hr cosine for each assay. Higher serum IL-6 values were detected throughout the night, with a peak at 01:00h, and lower values throughout the day, with a nadir at 10:00h. In contrast, IL-6 values in urine were highest during the day, with a major peak in the afternoon at 17:30h and a minor peak at 08:30h, and lowest values overnight, with a nadir at 23:30h. Of interest, the rhythm in urinary IL-6 concentration (pg/ml) was more prominent than hourly excretion rate (pg/hr). Thus, endogenous IL-6 (and possibly other cytokine) levels may be significantly influenced by their large and predictable day-night variations and the biological fluid used.
Adrenaline-Forming Enzyme in Brainstem: Elevation in Genetic and Experimental Hypertension (1976)

The adrenaline-forming enzyme (phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase) was elevated in the A1 and A2 regions of the brainstem of 4-week-old spontaneously (genetic) hypertensive rats and in the A1 region of adult experimentally (deoxycorticosterone acetate and sodium chloride) hypertensive rats. The administration of a phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor to experimentally hypertensive animals caused a reduction of the elevated blood pressure to normal values. These results implicate adrenaline-containing neurons in the brainstem in the development of hypertension.
Interaction between Uranium(V) and -(VI) Fluorides and Nitrogen Bases. Characterization and Crystal Structures of the Dimorphic Adduct UF5.cntdot.bipy (bipy = 2,2'-Bipyridyl) (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteraction between Uranium(V) and -(VI) Fluorides and Nitrogen Bases. Characterization and Crystal Structures of the Dimorphic Adduct UF5.cntdot.bipy (bipy = 2,2'-Bipyridyl)Lucile Arnaudet, Roland Bougon, Ban Buu, Monique Lance, Martine Nierlich, and Julien VignerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 20, 4510–4516Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00098a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (705 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Angiotensin II Type 1–Receptor Mediated Changes in Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Human SV40 Transformed Podocytes (2004)

In patients with diabetic nephropathy, glomerular staining for heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) side chains and for agrin is decreased. In the present study, the influence of angiotensin II (AngII) on the production of HSPG in SV40 transformed podocytes was investigated. SV40 transformed human podocytes were cultivated with or without 1 microM AngII, and HSPG production was measured by sequential DEAE-anion exchange chromatography and HPLC-DEAE separation. Expression of agrin was studied by indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis using specific mono- and polyclonal antibodies. DEAE separation of total glycosaminoglycans (GAG) revealed a significant increase of GAG in the culture supernatant and decrease in the cell and matrix layer when podocytes were cultured for 72 h in the presence of AngII. This was particularly found for HS-GAG. Qualitative analysis of HSPG, using gel filtration of HNO(2)-treated fractions, showed that AngII treatment decreased N-sulfation of HS-GAG side chains. Indirect immunofluorescence staining with anti-agrin polyclonal antibody was strongly decreased after AngII stimulation. A reduction in agrin expression in cell extracts could also be detected in Western blot analysis using an mAb. No changes in agrin mRNA were found after AngII stimulation. It is concluded from this study that AngII decreases the amount of HSPG on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix of podocytes. Because HSPG play a fundamental role in the permselectivity of the glomerular basement membrane, these results thus may explain at least partially the antiproteinuric effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
HAMR: A Hybrid Multi-Robot Control Architecture (2009)

Highly capable multiple robot architectures often resort to micromanagement to provide enhanced cooperative abilities, sacrificing individual autonomy. Conversely, multi-robot architectures that maintain individual autonomy are often limited in their cooperative abilities. This article presents a modified three layer architecture that solves both of these issues. The addition of a Coordinator layer to a three-layered approach provides a platform-independent interface for coordination on tasks and takes advantage of individual autonomy to improve coordination capabilities. This reduces communication overhead versus many multi-robot architecture designs and allows for more straightforward resizing of the robot collective and increased individual autonomy.
The Chemotherapy of Experimental Tuberculosis. III. The Synthesis of Thiosemicarbazones and Related Compounds<sup>1,2</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemotherapy of Experimental Tuberculosis. III. The Synthesis of Thiosemicarbazones and Related Compounds1,2Jack Bernstein, Harry L. Yale, Kathryn Losee, Mary Holsing, Joseph Martins, and W. A. LottCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 3, 906–912Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01147a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01147a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views829Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wireless pad-free integrated circuit debugging by powering modulation and lock-in infrared sensing (2013)

In this work, non-functional radio frequency identification pad-free chips are analyzed by modulating its powering scheme and noninvasively sensing their surface infrared (IR) emission with an IR camera following lock-in strategies. This approach is justified by the chip wireless powering strategy and its pad-free design. As a result, latch-up triggering has been identified as the failure mechanism, also showing that electrical figures of merit can be extracted non-invasively (i.e., coils coupling frequency and its bandwidth).
Nuclear Relocalization of the Pre-mRNA Splicing Factor PSF during Apoptosis Involves Hyperphosphorylation, Masking of Antigenic Epitopes, and Changes in Protein Interactions (2001)

The spatial nuclear organization of regulatory proteins often reflects their functional state. PSF, a factor essential for pre-mRNA splicing, is visualized by the B92 mAb as discrete nuclear foci, which disappeared during apoptosis. Because this mode of cell death entails protein degradation, it was considered that PSF, which like other splicing factors is sensitive to proteolysis, might be degraded. Nonetheless, during the apoptotic process, PSF remained intact and was N-terminally hyperphosphorylated on serine and threonine residues. Retarded gel migration profiles suggested differential phosphorylation of the molecule in mitosis vs. apoptosis and under-phosphorylation during blockage of cells at G1/S. Experiments with the use of recombinant GFP-tagged PSF provided evidence that in the course of apoptosis the antigenic epitopes of PSF are masked and that PSF reorganizes into globular nuclear structures. In apoptotic cells, PSF dissociated from PTB and bound new partners, including the U1--70K and SR proteins and therefore may acquire new functions.
Propagation Channels of 5G Millimeter-Wave Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications: Recent Advances and Future Challenges (2019)

Wireless vehicular communications and sensing technologies are key to enabling more advanced intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) with improved safety and efficiency. Within the realm of wireless communication, millimeter-wave (mmwave) technology has recently received much attention, providing rich spectrum resources to support the timely transmission of large amounts of data. This is especially important for vehicular applications because the number of sensors on modern vehicles is rapidly increasing and thus generating large amounts of data. To fully exploit this potential, understanding mm-wave vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) propagation channels is crucial. In this article, we review the state of the art in mm-wave V2V channel measurements and modeling, describe recent directional V2V channel measurements performed in the 60-GHz band, and discuss future challenges to be addressed in mm-wave V2V channel measurements and modeling.
BMS181321 accumulation in rodent and human cells: the role of P-glycoprotein. (1996)

A 2-nitroimidazole with a side chain that contains technetium-99m as a chelate, BMS181321, is undergoing evaluation as an imaging agent for myocardial and cerebral ischaemia, as well as a diagnostic probe for hypoxic cells in solid tumours. Its accumulation in hypoxic and aerobic populations of three lines of Chinese hamster ovary cells of differing P-glycoprotein status, as well as one rat and two human cell lines has been determined. There was selective accumulation of BMS181321 in hypoxic vs aerobic cells. P-glycoprotein level was not a factor in this accumulation and hypoxic human cells accumulated BMS181321 more rapidly than the rodent cells. These results indicate P-glycoprotein levels in tumour cells will not confound the use of BMS181321 as a hypoxic cell marker.
MUSTANG-MR Structural Sieving Server: Applications in Protein Structural Analysis and Crystallography (2010)

The application addresses two fundamental problems in structural biology: first, the identification of common substructures among structurally related proteins--an important problem in characterization and prediction of function; second, generation of sieved models with demonstrated uses in protein crystallographic structure determination using the technique of Molecular Replacement.
Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Is a Direct Target of the Anti-Inflammatory Compound Amentoflavone Derived from<i>Torreya nucifera</i> (2013)

Amentoflavone is a biflavonoid compound with antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and UV-blocking activities that can be isolated from Torreya nucifera, Biophytum sensitivum, and Selaginella tamariscina. In this study, the molecular mechanism underlying amentoflavone's anti-inflammatory activity was investigated. Amentoflavone dose dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS; derived from Gram-negative bacteria). Amentoflavone suppressed the nuclear translocation of c-Fos, a subunit of activator protein (AP)-1, at 60 min after LPS stimulation and inhibited the activity of purified and immunoprecipitated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which mediates c-Fos translocation. In agreement with these results, amentoflavone also suppressed the formation of a molecular complex including ERK and c-Fos. Therefore, our data strongly suggest that amentoflavone's immunopharmacological activities are due to its direct effect on ERK.
Effect of intraportal glucagon-like peptide-1 on glucose metabolism in conscious dogs (2003)

Arteriovenous difference and tracer ([3-(3)H]glucose) techniques were used in 42-h-fasted conscious dogs to identify any insulin-like effects of intraportally administered glucagon-like peptide 1-(7-36)amide (GLP-1). Each study consisted of an equilibration, a basal, and three 90-min test periods (P1, P2, and P3) during which somatostatin, intraportal insulin (3-fold basal) and glucagon (basal), and peripheral glucose were infused. Saline was infused intraportally in P1. During P2 and P3, GLP-1 was infused intraportally at 0.9 and 5.1 pmol. kg(-1). min(-1) in eight dogs, at 10 and 20 pmol. kg(-1). min(-1) in seven dogs, and at 0 pmol. kg(-1). min(-1) in eight dogs (control group). Net hepatic glucose uptake was significantly enhanced during GLP-1 infusion at 20 pmol. kg(-1). min(-1) [21.8 vs. 13.4 micromol. kg(-1). min(-1) (control), P < 0.05]. Glucose utilization was significantly increased during infusion at 10 and 20 pmol. kg(-1). min(-1) [87.3 +/- 8.3 and 105.3 +/- 12.8, respectively, vs. 62.2 +/- 5.3 and 74.7 +/- 7.4 micromol. kg(-1). min(-1) (control), P < 0.05]. The glucose infusion rate required to maintain hyperglycemia was increased (P < 0.05) during infusion of GLP-1 at 5.1, 10, and 20 pmol. kg(-1). min(-1) (22, 36, and 32%, respectively, greater than control). Nonhepatic glucose uptake increased significantly during delivery of GLP-1 at 5.1 and 10 pmol. kg(-1). min(-1) (25 and 46% greater than control) and tended (P = 0.1) to increase during GLP-1 infusion at 20 pmol. kg(-1). min(-1) (24% greater than control). Intraportal infusion of GLP-1 at high physiological and pharmacological rates increased glucose disposal primarily in nonhepatic tissues.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Phytochrome control of flowering is temperature sensitive and correlates with expression of the floral integrator FT. (2003)

In Arabidopsis flowering is accelerated by reduced red:far-red (R:FR) ratio which signals the presence of neighbouring vegetation. Hastened flowering is one component of the shade-avoidance syndrome of responses, which alter many aspects of development in response to the threat of potential competition. Of the red/far-red-absorbing photoreceptors it is phyB that plays the most prominent role in shade-avoidance, although other related phytochromes act redundantly with phyB. It is well established that the phyB mutant has a constitutively early flowering phenotype. However, we have shown that the early flowering phenotype of phyB is temperature-dependent. We have established that this temperature-sensitive flowering response defines a pathway that appears to be independent of the autonomous-FLC pathway. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the phytochromes control the expression of the floral promoter FT. We have also shown that other phyB-controlled responses, including petiole elongation, are not sensitive to the same temperature change. This suggests that discrete pathways control flowering and petiole elongation, components of the shade-avoidance response. This work provides an insight into the phytochrome and temperature interactions that maintain flowering control. PMID: 12609029
Poliovirus: Generation and Characterization of Mutants (2013)

Poliovirus (PV) is the prototypical picornavirus. It is a non-enveloped RNA virus with a small (~7.5-kb) genome of positive polarity. cDNA clones of several strains are available, and infectious virus can be produced by the transfection of in vitro-transcribed viral genomes into an appropriate host cell. The ease of genetic studies in poliovirus is a primary reason that it has long served as a model to study RNA virus biology, pathogenesis, and evolution. Protocols for the generation and characterization of PV mutants are presented.
Coprecipitation from aqueous solutions to prepare binary fluorides (2011)

The synthesis of binary fluoride phases, specifically nanofluorides, by coprecipitation from aqueous solutions is considered in terms of phase equilibria. Phases have been precipitated in NaF-RF3 systems (where R stands for a rare-earth element), MF2-YF3 systems (where M = Ca, Sr, Ba), BaF2-ScF3, and CaF2-BaF2 systems. In the MF2-YF3 systems, unordered metastable congruently soluble phases are precipitated instead of ordered fluorite-like phases. In the BaF2-ScF3 system, the congruently soluble compound Ba3Sc2F12 is precipitated. In the NaF-RF3 systems, incongruently soluble metastable phases with a fluorite-like structure (for R = Er, Lu, Y) and the gagarinite structure (NaGdF4) are formed. In the CaF2-BaF2 system, intermediate phases have not been formed.
Propagation properties of ferromagnetic insulator guide (1989)

In order to realize new ferrite planar devices for applications at millimeter-wavelength frequencies, the authors have developed nonreciprocal ferrite devices schemes for incorporating ferromagnetic layers in dielectric insulator guide geometries. Their research program involves both the calculation and the measurement of device characteristics. For the calculation, a method of effective permeability, in which the permeability is a tensor, is introduced to characterize the ferrite material. The propagation properties of the insular guide are calculated by using a single-mode approach. The calculated results for dispersion, dielectric, and conductivity losses show resonant behavior with the application of a magnetic bias field for a guide configuration in which the ferrite replaces the insular dielectric. Ferrite phase shifters, filters, isolators, and circulators are potential applications of this guide configuration. For the experimental part of the study, wave dispersion and attenuation were measured in a purely dielectric insular guide from 26.5 to 40GHz. In addition to these experiments wave attenuation was measured as a function of magnetic bias field for the case where a hexagonal ferrite platelet was mounted on the ground plane near the insulator guide. General agreement is found between calculated and measured attenuation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Divergence of CpG island promoters: A consequence or cause of evolution? (2010)

CpG islands (CGIs) are CG-rich stretches in the genome that are concentrated near the transcription start sites (TSS) of genes. Genes that possess CGIs, such as the housekeeping genes, are often highly expressed in multiple tissues. Indeed, CGIs are enriched in approximately half of the promoters in humans and mice, suggesting an important role for CpG islands in mammalian transcriptional regulation. Interestingly, accumulation of CpG islands at TSS appears to be a vertebrate specific genomic feature, which implicates a link between CpG islands and evolution. However, it remains unclear whether the association of CGIs to gene promoters is a cause or consequence of evolution. In the present study, we have addressed this question by analyzing nine species including invertebrates, chordates and vertebrates, using bioinformatics based techniques. Our results indicate that CGIs arose at TSS as a "consequence" of warm-blooded vertebrate evolution, presumably for efficient regulation of transcription in a larger genome. Furthermore, we reveal that CGIs could have functioned as a direct "cause" of evolution among the warm-blooded vertebrates, such as contributing to the gain of placenta, which is a hallmark of eutherian mammals. Elucidation of the origin and functions of CpG islands and the process of their convergence into transcription start sites of genes will pave the way for a greater understanding of the roles for CGIs in gene expression, development and reprogramming of the genome.
Engineered Particle Surfaces (1998)

Particle surface engineering is the term used to describe the technology that allows the design and manufacture of particles with the desired surface properties. Here the power of this technology is discussed and illustrated. The Figure shows MicroFree powder, a DuPont product containing antimicrobial ingredients that prevent the growth of the bacteria and molds responsible for unpleasant odors and discoloration.
Magnification-type x-ray imaging system: optimum design and image restoration (1984)

A magnification-type x-ray imaging system, that is, an x-ray microscope, is evaluated by taking into account the partial coherency of the illumination of the objects. The transfer characteristic proposed in an earlier paper [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1, 11 (1984)] is used for the evaluation, and based on the results, an optimum design for a high-resolution x-ray imaging system is discussed. The image restoration method for this system is also shown.
Studies on Gastrointestinal Absorption of Nalidixic Acid (1968)

1) In situ and in vitro absorption experiments of nalidixic acid from the gastrointestinal tracts of rats were studied. 2) Results obtained from both methods were in favor of pH-partition hypothesis. Namely, absorption rate of unionized form of nalidixic acid was faster than that of ionized form of nalidixic acid. 3) Absorption rate of nalidixic acid in situ was faster than that of its drug in vitro by ten times. This might be due to the volume of solution, the length of the intestine and other physiological conditions of rats.