gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mucosal Innate Immune Response Associated with a Timely Humoral Immune Response and Slower Disease Progression after Oral Transmission of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus to Rhesus Macaques (2007)

Mucosal transmission is the predominant mode of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection worldwide, and the mucosal innate interferon response represents an important component of the earliest host response to the infection. Our goal here was to assess the changes in mRNA expression of innate mucosal genes after oral simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) inoculation of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) that were followed throughout their course of disease progression. The SIV plasma viral load was highest in the macaque that progressed rapidly to simian AIDS (99 days) and lowest in the macaque that progressed more slowly (>700 days). The mRNA levels of six innate/effector genes in the oral mucosa indicated that slower disease progression was associated with increased expression of these genes. This distinction was most evident when comparing the slowest-progressing macaque to the intermediate and rapid progressors. Expression levels of alpha and gamma interferons, the antiviral interferon-stimulated gene product 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS), and the chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 in the slow progressor were elevated at each of the three oral mucosal biopsy time points examined (day 2 to 4, 14 to 21, and day 70 postinfection). In contrast, the more rapidly progressing macaques demonstrated elevated levels of these cytokine/chemokine mRNA at lymph nodes, coincident with decreased levels at the mucosal sites, and a decreased ability to elicit an effective anti-SIV antibody response. These data provide evidence that a robust mucosal innate/effector immune response is beneficial following lentiviral exposure; however, it is likely that the anatomical location and timing of the response need to be coordinated to permit an effective immune response able to delay progression to simian AIDS.
The default mode network and social understanding of others: what do brain connectivity studies tell us (2014)

The Default Mode Network (DMN) has been found to be involved in various domains of cognitive and social processing. The present article will review brain connectivity results related to the DMN in the fields of social understanding of others: emotion perception, empathy, theory of mind, and morality. Most of the reviewed studies focused on healthy subjects with no neurological and psychiatric disease, but some studies on patients with autism and psychopathy will also be discussed. Common results show that the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) plays a key role in the social understanding of others, and the subregions of the MPFC contribute differently to this function according to their roles in different subsystems of the DMN. At the bottom, the ventral MPFC in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) subsystem and its connections with emotion regions are mainly associated with emotion engagement during social interactions. Above, the anterior MPFC (aMPFC) in the cortical midline structures (CMS) and its connections with posterior and anterior cingulate cortex contribute mostly to making self-other distinctions. At the top, the dorsal MPFC (dMPFC) in the dMPFC subsystem and its connection with the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) are primarily related to the understanding of other's mental states. As behaviors become more complex, the related regions in frontal cortex are located higher. This reflects the transfer of information processing from automatic to cognitive processes with the increase of the complexity of social interaction. Besides the MPFC and TPJ, the connectivities of posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) also show some changes during tasks from the four social fields. These results indicate that the DMN is indispensable in the social understanding of others.
MSK and Offset QPSK Modulation (1976)

Minimum shift keying (MSK) and offset keyed quadrature phase shift keying (OK-QPSK) modulation techniques are often proposed for use on nonlinear, severely band-limited communication channels because both techniques retain low sidelobe levels on such channels, while allowing efficient detection performance. A more detailed performance comparison of the two techniques on such channels is, therefore, of interest. In this paper a Markov process representation is developed which is applicable to either the MSK or OK-QPSK waveform. This representation is employed to illustrate the similarity between the modulation processes and to obtain the autocorrelations and power spectral densities of the two waveforms. This Markov process representation may be similarly employed with other modulation waveforms of the same class. The autocorrelations and power Spectral densities of MSK and offset QPSK provide initial insight to expected performance on band-limited channels. The results of a digital computer simulation are presented. The simulation compares the bit error rates (BER's) of MSK and offset QPSK on nonlinear, band-limited double-hop links such as encountered in satellite communications. The simmulation results are presented as <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E_{b}/N_{0}</tex> degradation with respect to ideal detection versus channel noise bandwidth. The error probability was used as a performance metric, and equal adjacent channel interference as a constraint. For the channels simulated, MSK is found to provide superior performance when the channel noise bandwidth exceeds about 1.1 times the binary data rate. For narrower bandwidths, offset QPSK provides superior performance.
Euclidean resonance and quantum tunneling (2002)

The extremely small probability of tunneling through an almost classical potential barrier may become not small under the action of the specially adapted nonstationary signal which selects the certain particle energy ${E}_{R}.$ For particle energies close to this value, the tunneling rate is not small during a finite interval of time and has a very sharp peak at the energy ${E}_{R}.$ After entering inside the barrier, the particle emits electromagnetic quanta and exits the barrier with a lower energy. The signal amplitude can be much less compared to the field of the static barrier. This phenomenon can be called the Euclidean resonance since the under-barrier motion occurs in imaginary time. The resonance may stimulate chemical and biochemical reactions in a selective way by adapting the signal to a certain particular chemical bond. The resonance may be used in search of the soft-\ensuremath{\alpha}-particle decay for which a conventional observation is impossible due to an extremely small decay rate.
Two-Stage Optimization Method for Energy Loss Minimization in Microgrid Based on Smart Power Management Scheme of PHEVs (2015)

Utilizing plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) is growing fast and booming nowadays. These vehicles, as portable loads and energy sources, may be connected to standard sockets at home. As a result, those extra electrical loads, grid to vehicle, generations, and vehicle to grid, have several impacts on distribution networks, e.g., network energy loss. This paper presents a two-stage optimization method to minimize the energy loss of microgrid with different penetration levels of PHEVs. In the first stage, a novel convex quadratic objective function for active power management of PHEVs is proposed, and daily required energy of PHEVs is calculated based on stochastic model of PHEV owners' behavior. It is supposed that PHEVs can be employed as distributed capacitors. Therefore, reactive power of PHEVs is specified in the second stage. Afterward, the proposed methodology is applied to a realistic distribution network. It will be illustrated that network energy loss is likely to rise considerably in the case of increasing penetration level of PHEVs without smart charging strategy; in order to minimize network energy loss, a smart management scheme will have to be considered. Also, the significant impact of PHEVs' active and reactive power management on energy loss reduction will be demonstrated.
A Scanning Transmission Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis of Idiopathic Ocular Calcification and Oxalosis in AIDS Patients (1999)

In a series of 98 consecutive eyeballs enucleated at postmortem from 86 patients dying with AIDS, the incidence of calcium deposits was 14 and 18.6%, respectively, for oxalates and calcium hydroxyapatite. The calcific eyes were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis to confirm the elemental nature of the precipitates. Transmission electron microscopy was used in 2 of the cases with oxalosis. Oxalates with a free end exhibited a plate-like shape at SEM and appeared acicular at TEM, due to the reduced thickness of ultrathin sections. Crystals that were embedded in tissues such as the sclera or degenerate detached retinal tissue formed either spherules or plates at SEM. No clear relationship with intracellular structures could be found at TEM, possibly due to postmortem autolysis phenomena. Calcium hydroxyapatite deposits appeared at SEM as fine granules distributed over the collagen fibers of the corneal and conjunctival stroma and the scleral lamellae, but were also present intracellularly, both in the nucleus and cytoplasm of epithelial cells.
Highlighted & Underlined (2014)

News and information about the education enterprise. As teachers use the Common Core more, support for it grows. School environments are becoming less hostile to LGBT students. School boards of underperforming districts also underperform.
Optical density changes of Gafchromic MD‐55 film resulting from laser light exposure at wavelengths of 671 nm and 633 nm (2000)

Laser-based scanners provide a sensitive means for measuring optical density (OD) of Gafchromic films. Such instruments were reviewed in a recent AAPM report (task group 55) which provided recommendations and information on OD measurements (effect of wavelength, temperature, etc.). The present article reports that variable rate scanners and spot densitometers using laser diodes (671 nm) and HeNe lasers (633 nm) can cause polymerization of Gafchromic film. The light induced polymerization depends on light power, wavelength, beam spot size, dwell time, and prior radiation dose of the film. Measurements were made with a custom built scanner that provided accurate control of light power, light polarization, dwell time, and film position in relation to the beam focus. The results demonstrate that lasers operating with powers of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mW produce a nonlinear increase in OD of Gafchromic film. The measured change in OD after 1 min of exposure ranges from 0.150 to 0.244 for a laser diode operating at 0.5 and 1.5 mW, respectively. Tables are included that tabulate the increase in OD for laser power, dwell time, and prior dose. Laser light induced polymerization can have a significant impact on dosimetry measurements acquired using these laser-based systems.
Synthesis of tetrahydrolipstatin and tetrahydroesterastin, compounds with a .beta.-lactone moiety. Stereoselective hydrogenation of a .beta.-keto .delta.-lactone and conversion of the .delta.-lactone into a .beta.-lactone (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of tetrahydrolipstatin and tetrahydroesterastin, compounds with a .beta.-lactone moiety. Stereoselective hydrogenation of a .beta.-keto .delta.-lactone and conversion of the .delta.-lactone into a .beta.-lactonePierre Barbier and Fernand SchneiderCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 6, 1218–1221Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00241a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1103Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (538 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
[Injections without needles in the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes]. (1991)

Jet injectors, which force a fluid under considerable pressure through a very small opening, have recently become available for subcutaneous administration of insulin. Use of the new devices introduced on the market is neither simpler nor more complicated than use of a syringe. Although jet injectors are highly attractive to both patients and parents, they can be used in only a limited range of diabetics. Main limitations to more widespread use include: 1) the small capacity of the devices which cannot inject more than 20 units of 40 unit/ml insulin; 2) modifications in the pharmacokinetic effects of insulins, especially long-acting insulins; 3) the high price of the injectors. Young children, who often find it difficult to accept injections, may be the main potential target for jet injector therapy. A trial period at home should always be scheduled before considering the purchase of a jet injector.
Novel Solution to Oil Spill Recovery: Using Thermodegradable Polyolefin Oil Superabsorbent Polymer (Oil–SAP) (2012)

This paper discusses a novel approach that may provide a complete solution to combating oil spills. The technology is centered on a cross-linked polyolefin terpolymer (x–OS–DVB), containing 1-octene, styrene, and divinylbenzene units, which is an oil superabsorbent polymer (oil–SAP) with aliphatic and aromatic side chains that have similar solubility parameters (oleophilic and hydrophobic properties), with the hydrocarbons in crude oil. Some x–OS–DVB terpolymers, with desirable morphology (amorphous, low Tg, and high free volume) and lightly cross-linked (complete network) structure, show rapid oil absorption and swelling to reach a capacity 45 times their weight. The capacity of oil uptake (swelling) is inversely proportional to the cross-linking density. The combination of selective oil absorption (without water) and tough mechanical strength offers buoyancy, stability, and easy recovery on water surfaces. The recovered oil-swelled gel, containing more than 98% oil and 2% x–OS–DVB, is suitable for regular oil-refining processes (an economic, no waste, and no pollutant approach). The bulk side chains in x–OS–DVB result in a relatively low ceiling temperature for depolymerization and zero heating residue at 450 °C, well below the first distillation step (>600 °C) in oil refining. Furthermore, polyolefins are the most inexpensive polymeric material, with a large production capability around the world. Overall, this cost-effective new polyolefin oil–SAP technology shall dramatically reduce the environmental impacts from oil spills and help recover one of our most precious natural resources.
REVIEWS (1966)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access Understanding Literature. By ROBIN MAYHEAD. Pp. vi + 190. Cambridge: University Press, 1965. 25s. net. PATRICK ROBERTS PATRICK ROBERTS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume XVII, Issue 68, November 1966, Pages 455–456, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/XVII.68.455 Published: 01 November 1966
School Librarians Fully Online: Preparing the Twenty-First Century Professional (2017)

Online learning, already an essential component of the higher-education and professional landscape, has now developed a more ubiquitous presence in K–12 learning due to educational trends such as flipped education and use of tools such as Google Classroom. Despite the increasingly important role of online learning in K–12 education, little evidence indicates that graduates of school library preparation programs enter the profession with the knowledge, skills, and dispositions required to design and deliver online learning experiences for K–12 students, experiences that take advantage of available resources and platforms. A mixed-method national survey of programs in the United States was conducted to examine the ways that school library preparation programs prepare candidates to design digital learning spaces that include fully online courses for K–12 students. Results indicate that preparation of future school librarians for the design and delivery of online instruction to K–12 students is not yet seen as an integral component of these graduate programs.
ÉTICA DOS MEIOS DE COMUNICAÇÃO NO DIREITO PENAL: REALIDADE OU UTOPIA (2013)

Este artigo teve como objetivo fazer um breve relato da relação entre a mídia e a ética, bem como, os limites invadidos através do jornalismo “espetáculo” criado pelos meios de comunicação. A pesquisa exploratória e bibliográfica possibilitou apresentar o conceito de imprensa, mídia, direito de informação, direitos de personalidade, dignidade da pessoa humana, entre outros. O trabalho se concentrou também em relatar, em breves linhas, o caso da Escola Base e do maníaco da bicicleta e as consequências causadas pelo mau uso do jornalismo e a falta de ética aplicada ao caso concreto. Palavras-chave: ética; mídia; presunção de inocência.
Air liquefaction and enrichment system propulsion in reusable launch vehicles (1994)

A concept is shown for a fully reusable, Earth-to-orbit launch vehicle with horizontal takeoff and landing, employing an air-turborocket for low speed and a rocket for high-speed acceleration, both using liquid hydrogen for fuel. The turborocket employs a modified liquid air cycle to supply the oxidizer. The rocket uses 90% pure liquid oxygen as its oxidizer that is collected from the atmosphere, separated, and stored during operation of the turborocket from about Mach 2 to 5 or 6. The takeoff weight and the thrust required at takeoff are markedly reduced by collecting the rocket oxidizer in-flight. This article shows an approach and the corresponding technology needs for using air liquefaction and enrichment system propulsion in a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. Reducing the trajectory altitude at the end of collection reduces the wing area and increases payload. The use of state-of-the-art materials, such as graphite polyimide, in a direct substitution for aluminum or aluminum-lithium alloy, is critical to meet the structure weight objective for SSTO. Configurations that utilize `waverider` aerodynamics show great promise to reduce the vehicle weight. 5 refs.
Fabrication of organic solar cells based on a blend of poly (3-octylthiophene-2, 5-diyl) and fullerene derivative using inkjet printing technique (2009)

This paper reports the fabrication of organic solar cells using inkjet printing technique. The devices consist of an active layer sandwiched between ITO bottom electrode and aluminum as top electrode. The active layer is made of a blend of a fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid 3-ethylthiophene ester as acceptor and poly (3-octylthiophene-2, 5- diyl) (P3OT) as the donor. The ink of active layer was prepared with variation of donor and acceptor ratio 1:1 and 2:1by weight. The active layers were inkjet printed on ITO substrates layer by layer with variations of one, two and four layers. The performances of the devices were studied by observing the current-voltage characteristics of the device in dark and under illumination of 75 W/m<sup>2</sup> light. Most of the devices showed rectifier property in the dark and able to generate electrical current under illumination. The photovoltaic performance of the devices was found depending on the thickness and the donor- acceptor ratio of the active layers.
Zinc, Vitamin A and Prostatic Cancer (1983)

The serum zinc, vitamin A, albumin, copper and retinoid-binding protein content was measured in 27 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 19 patients with carcinoma of the prostate. A significantly lower (P = less than 0.05) level of serum zinc was found in the cancer group as well as a significant zinc/vitamin A correlation (P = less than 0.05). The possible significance of this in relation to the pathogenesis of carcinoma of the prostate is discussed.
A Theory of a Unilateral Parametric Amplifier Using Two Diodes (1964)

This paper describes the theory of a unilateral parametric amplifier which contains two variable-capacitance diodes separated by a quarter wavelength at the signal frequency and a half wavelength at the idler frequency. It is shown that a broadband signal circuit is essential in order to obtain unilateral gain, and that matching conditions are obtainable even with a high gain. The optimum noise figure is slightly worse than that of a single-diode reflection-type amplifier; however, this amplifier has advantages if it is refrigerated at liquid helium temperature, because it does not require a circulator in front of its input port. The amplifier usually requires an isolator at its output port, since it does not have substantial loss in the reverse direction.
Video and UTP (1996)

As the analog broadcast and digital data worlds converge, one area with a great deal of interest is in running video signals over unshielded twisted pairs (UTP). Because of the differences between coaxial cable and twisted pairs, the differences between analog video and digital video, and the wide range of picture quality attainable, there is a lot of confusion. This paper is an attempt to sort out the various parameters and requirements and allow an end-user to make an informed decision. — This paper is divided into four sections: Twisted Pair Technology, Analog Video, Broadband, Networking Digital Video, and Digital Video. Each has its own set of requirements and system parameters. Twisted pair technology is ideal with some and difficult with others.
Design and implementation of a following robot system based on monocular vision (2017)

This paper designs and implements a following robot system based on practical monocular vision sensor. The system can autonomously follow a specific target human body as needed. In the initialization phase, the system uses the background difference method to obtain the motion region and extract the target. In the second phase, continuously adaptive mean-shift algorithm (Camshift) is used to the target tracking, and Kalman filter is used as the starting point of the Camshift to compensate the target shift caused by the camera movement. In the third phase, the feature points of the target human body are extracted and the pose parameters of the target human body relative to the robot location are obtained by the 3D pose estimation algorithm (pose from orthography and scaling with iterations, POSIT). Experiments show that the system has a good stability, and can effectively implement the target human following.
Blink Rate: A Possible Measure of Fatigue (1994)

The literature on blink rate as a measure of fatigue is reviewed. The evidence of increases in blink rate as a function of time on task is compelling. However, variables other than time on task also affect blink rate. These variables range from perceptual demandingness of the task to cognitive variables. Other aspects of blinking, such as flurries of blinks, timing with respect to information-processing demands, and blink closure duration, are reviewed as additional variables sensitive to task demands and fatigue effects.