gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fibrinogen and von Willebrand Factor-Independent Platelet Aggregation: The Essential Roles of β3 Integrin, Thrombin, and Divalent Ca2+ Cations. (2005)

Abstract It has been documented that fibrinogen (Fg) is required for platelet aggregation. However, we recently found that platelet rich thrombi still formed in mice lacking either Fg (Fg−/−) or both Fg and vWF (Fg/vWF−/−) (Ni et al, JCI106:385–392, 2000). To explore the potential mechanisms of Fg/vWF-independent platelet aggregation, we studied platelet aggregation in vitro in platelet rich plasma (PRP). We found no platelet aggregation in Fg−/− or Fg/vWF−/− PRP induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in the presence of anticoagulant reagents including divalent cation chelators (ACD, sodium citrate, and EDTA), and thrombin inhibitors (heparin, hirudin, PPACK). Since no fibrin formation occurs in Fg/vWF−/− plasma, we then induced Fg/vWF−/− platelet aggregation in non-anticoagulated platelet poor plasma (PPP). Surprisingly, robust aggregation occurred after ADP treatment. We further demonstrated that directly triggering the thrombin receptor PAR4 with thrombin receptor activation peptide (TRAP, AYPGKF-NH2) induced platelet aggregation in thrombin-inhibitor treated Fg/vWF−/− PRP and gel-filtered Fg/vWF-platelets in 1mM Ca2+ PIPES buffer. Thus Fg/vWF-independent aggregation can be induced in vitro and both divalent cations and thrombin are required for this novel platelet aggregation pathway. It is likely that ADP induced thrombin generation in Fg/vWF-/- PRP. Considering platelet aggregation has been observed in type I Glanzmann Thrombasthenic patients lacking αIIbβ3 protein, we hypothesized that Fg/vWF−/− platelet aggregation may occur in either a β3 integrin-dependent or β3 integrin independent manners. To test this hypothesis, β3 integrin deficient (β3−/−) platelets were added into the same non-anticoagulated Fg/vWF−/− plasma and no aggregation was observed after ADP treatment. β3−/− platelets also did not co-aggregate with Fg/vWF−/− platelets in vitro in aggregation assays, which were analyzed by flow cytometry with an anti-CD61 (anti-β3 integrin) antibody. Furthermore, when fluorescently labeled β3−/− platelets were injected into Fg/vWF−/− mice, β3−/− platelets did not significantly incorporate into Fg/vWF−/− thrombi under confocal intravital microscopy. The inability of β3−/− platelets to aggregate is not due to a deficiency in other adhesive receptors, since no reduction of GPIbα, β1 integrins, and P-selectin was observed on β3−/− platelets. Thus, although the GPIb complex, P-selectin, and β1 integrins may be involved in platelet aggregation, β3 integrin is essential for this Fg/vWF-independent platelet aggregation pathway. This also indicates that other alternative ligands of β3 integrin from either the plasma or platelet granules are capable of mediating platelet aggregation independent of both Fg and vWF under more physiologically relevant conditions (i.e. non anti-coagulated blood) where divalent cations and thrombin are present.
The ecology of enteroviruses in natural waters (1980)

More than 100 different enteric viruses are known to be excreted in human feces. More than 1 million viruses may be excreted per gram of feces, and concentrations as high as 500,000 infectious virus particles per liter have been detected in raw sewage. Certain enteric viruses can persist for long periods of time in the environment. Reported survival times range from 2 to 168 days in tapwater, 2 to 130 days in seawater, 25 to 125 days in soil, and up to 90 days in oysters. There are many potential routes of transmission back to man. An evaluation of the problems associated with viruses in water was prepared recently by the World Health Organization Scientific Group on Human Viruses in Water, Wastewater, and Soil which met in Geneva in October, 1978. Among its conclusions, four are pertinent to this article: (1) Viruses have been detected in the drinking water supply systems of a number of cities (including Paris and Moscow), despite the fact that those waters have received conventional water treatment considered adequate for protection against bacterial pathogens. (2) Conventional bacterial pollution indicators used to evaluate the safety of potable water supply have been shown to be significantly less resistant than viruses to environmental factors and water and waste‐water treatment processes. This leads to a situation where the more resistant enteric viruses can be present in water manifesting little or no signs of bacterial pollution. (3) Regular virus monitoring should be carried out to assure the freedom from enteric viruses in 100‐ to 1000‐/ samples in large urban centers where the water supply is derived from virus‐polluted surface water, a significant portion of which is untreated waste‐water or effluent insufficiently treated to inactivate viruses. (4) The constant exposure of large population groups to even relatively small numbers of enteric viruses in large volumes of water can lead to an endemic state of virus dissemination in the community which can and should be prevented.
Synthesen mit Amidchloriden, III. Synthese und Reaktionen von Chlorformamidiniumchloriden (1964)

Abstract Aus substituierten Harnstoffen oder Thioharnstoffen und Phosgen werden Chlorformamidiniumchloride synthetisiert. Die Hydrolyse tetrasubstituierter Chlorformamidiniumchloride liefert die entsprechenden Harnstoffe, während N.N′ ‐disubstituierte Derivate unter Abspaltung von Chlorwasserstoff in Carbodiimide übergehen. Tetramethyl‐chlorformamidiniumchlorid reagiert mit alkoholfreiem Natriumäthylat zu Tetramethylharnstoff‐diäthylacetal. In Gegenwart von Alkohol hingegen setzen sich die tetrasubstituierten Chloride mit Alkoholaten zu N.N ‐ disubstituierten Orthocarbamidsäureestern um. Mit Natriumhydrogensulfid lassen sich die Formamidiniumsalze in Thioharnstoffe überführen. Primäre Stickstoffbasen kondensieren mit tetrasubstituierten Chlorformamidiniumchloriden zu pentasubstituierten Guanidinen.
Single core hardware module to implement encryption in TECB mode (2007)

The growth of the Internet as a vehicle for secure communication has resulted in Data Encryption Standard (DES) no longer capable of providing high-level security for data protection. Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES) is a symmetric block cipher with 192 bits key proposed to further enhance DES. Many applications crave for the speed of a hardware encryption implementation while trying to preserve the flexibility and low cost of a software implementation. This project used single core module to implement encryption in Triple DES Electronic Code Book (TECB) mode, which was modeled using hardware description language VHDL. The architecture was mapped in Altera EPF10K100EFC484-1 and EP20K200EFC672-1X for performance investigations and resulted in achieving encryption rate of 102.56 Mbps, area utilization of 2111 logic cells (25%) and a higher maximum operating frequency of 78.59 MHz by implementing on the larger FPGA device EP20K200EFC672-1X. It also suggested that 3DES hardware was 2.4 times faster than its software counterpart.
Hereditary dystonia or parkinson – a patient with both – and problems concerning diagnostic, treatment and genetic counselling (2005)

Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) and juvenile Parkinson's Disease (JPD) are clinically difficult to differentiate, but clarification of the diagnosis is important for the treatment, the prognosis, and the genetic counselling of patients and families. A great advantage is the possibility to perform mutation analyses for DRD and JPD, although the locus – and allele heterogeneity of both diseases make routine analysis laborious. Here, a patient with clinical features consistent with the diagnosis JPD as well as DRD is described. Paraclinical studies revealed a mutation in the GTP cyclohydrolase I gene (GCH1), very low activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH) in the fibroblasts was and a decrease in 123I-FP-CIT binding ratios. It was concluded that the patient probably suffers from two movement disorders, normally considered to be differential diagnosis.
Mastering Autodesk Inventor 2009 and Autodesk Inventor LT 2009 (2008)

A comprehensive guide to Autodesk Inventor and Inventor LT This detailed reference and tutorial provides straightforward explanations, real-world examples, and practical tutorials that focus squarely on teaching Autodesk Inventor tips, tricks, and techniques. The book also includes a project at the beginning to help those new to Inventor quickly understand key interface conventions and capabilities. In addition, there is more information on Inventor LT, new practice drawings at the end of each chapter to reinforce lessons learned, and thorough coverage of all of Inventor's new features. The au
Formation of supramolecular assemblies and liquid crystals by purine nucleobases and cyanuric acid in water: implications for the possible origins of RNA (2016)

The free nucleobases and mononucleotides of RNA do not form Watson-Crick base pairs in water, a fact that presents several challenges for the prebiotic synthesis of RNA. 2,6-Diaminopurine and adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP) are shown to form supramolecular assemblies with cyanuric acid in water. These assemblies and their propensity to form liquid crystals suggest a possible means by which non-covalent structures might have originally selected the shape of the Watson-Crick base pairs.
Reversal by cefoperazone of resistance to etoposide, doxorubicin, and vinblastine in multidrug resistant human sarcoma cells. (1989)

The cephalosporins are a family of semisynthetic antibiotics, some of which have structural features associated with substrates for the multidrug transporter, P-glycoprotein. The activity of a series of six cephalosporins in reversing multidrug resistance (MDR) was examined in MDR variants (Dx5 cells) of the human sarcoma line MES-SA. Dx5 cells express high levels of the mdr1 gene product P-glycoprotein and are 25- to 30-fold resistant to doxorubicin (DOX), etoposide (VP-16), and vinblastine (VBL). Cytotoxicity was measured by the MTT assay. Cefoperazone (1.0 mM) was the most effective modulator of MDR, lowering the IC50 for VP-16 by 29-fold (29x), for VBL by 16x, and for DOX by 14x. Ceftriaxone at 1.0 mM produced 10x modulation of VP-16 cytotoxicity, 8x for DOX, and 2x for VBL. The reversal of resistance was concentration dependent, decreasing to 4x and 5x, respectively, for DOX with 0.25 mM cefoperazone and ceftriaxone. No modulation of cytotoxicity was observed in the parental MES-SA cells, which do not express mdr1. Cefazolin, cefotetan, cephradine, and ceftazidime were ineffective, producing less than 5x modulation of DOX at 1.0 mM. Among these cephalosporins, cefoperazone and ceftriaxone were the most highly protein bound in the media (30 and 52%), and the most lipid soluble, with octanol/water partitioning coefficients of -0.49 and -0.60. Varying the serum concentration in medium from 5 to 50% had less than a two-fold effect on the modulation of MDR by ceftriaxone. The ability to reverse MDR among these agents is associated with lipid solubility, high protein binding, a polycyclic planar geometry, and the presence of the piperazine group in cefoperazone. These data and the potential for achieving high tissue concentrations indicate that cefoperazone merits further study as a modulator of MDR.
Highly Stretchable Microsupercapacitor Arrays with Honeycomb Structures for Integrated Wearable Electronic Systems (2016)

The rapid development of portable and wearable electronics has greatly increased the demand for energy storage devices with similar physical properties and integration capability. This paper introduces a honeycomb polydimethylsiloxane substrate for stretchable microsupercapacitor (MSC) arrays, which enables facile integration with other electronics. The honeycomb structure can accommodate a large deformation without producing excessive strain in the MSCs and interconnects. The results of this study show that such stretchable MSC arrays with single-walled carbon nanotube electrodes demonstrate excellent rate capability and power performance as well as electrochemical stability up to 150% (zero prestrain) or 275% (-50% prestrain) stretching and under excessive bending or twisting. The present stretchable MSC arrays with honeycomb structures show high potential for integration with other electronics, such as energy harvesters, power management circuits, wireless charging circuits, and various sensors, encompassing a wide range of wearable, bioimplantable electronic systems.
Targeted inhibition of calcineurin prevents agonist-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (2000)

Cardiac hypertrophy is a major predictor of future morbidity and mortality. Recent investigation has centered around identifying the molecular signaling pathways that regulate cardiac myocyte reactivity with the goal of modulating pathologic hypertrophic programs. One potential regulator of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is the calcium-sensitive phosphatase calcineurin. We show here that calcineurin enzymatic activity, mRNA, and protein levels are increased in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes by hypertrophic agonists such as angiotensin II, phenylephrine, and 1% fetal bovine serum. This induction of calcineurin activity was associated with an increase in calcineurin Abeta (CnAbeta) mRNA and protein, but not in CnAalpha or CnAgamma. Agonist-dependent increases in calcineurin enzymatic activity were specifically inhibited with an adenovirus expressing a noncompetitive peptide inhibitor of calcineurin known as cain [Lai, M. M., Burnett, P. E., Wolosker, H., Blackshaw, S. & Snyder, S. H. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 18325-18331]. Targeted inhibition of calcineurin with cain or an adenovirus expressing only the calcineurin inhibitory domain of AKAP79 attenuated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and atrial natriuretic factor expression in response to angiotensin II, phenylephrine, and 1% fetal bovine serum. These data demonstrate that calcineurin is an important regulator of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in response to certain agonists and suggest that cyclosporin A and FK506 function to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy by specifically inhibiting calcineurin.
Authors' reply (2012)

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Spatial And Temporal Infrared Radiance Distributions Of Solar Sea Glint (1988)

An investigation of both time-averaged and temporal solar sea glint is presented with an emphasis on the mid-infrared and low observation angles. A model combining previous works on the time-averaged radiance is assembled. Using two different wave-slope statistics obtained from disparate slope measurements, radiance values are calculated and compared to new radiometric field measurements. There is reasonable agreement between model and measurements, and this comparison suggests which of the two wave-slope statistics is superior. The temporal properties of sea glint, while lacking sufficient modeling, have been investigated through the measurement of power spectral densities and are found to fit the standard Markovian form. Correlation times derived from power spectra are reported and these values are compared to theoretical predictions and other measured correlation times derived from dissimilar experiments.
Nosocomial Human Parvovirus B19 Infection: Lack of Transmission from a Chronically Infected Patient to Hospital Staff (1992)

Deloris E. Koziol, Gary Kurtzman, Jamshed Ayub, Neal S. Young, David K. Henderson, Nosocomial Human Parvovirus B19 Infection: Lack of Transmission from a Chronically Infected Patient to Hospital Staff, Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Vol. 13, No. 6 (Jun., 1992), pp. 343-348
The effect of an autoimmune-associated allelic variant of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22 on B cell tolerance in a murine model. (P4066) (2013)

Abstract The C1858T allelic variant of tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 (resulting in an R620W change of protein product, LYP) is strongly associated with multiple autoimmune diseases. Contradictory findings suggest the LYP-R620W variant exhibits either gain- or loss-of-function activity in antigen-receptor signaling. To model this risk allele in mice, we generated knock-in mice expressing the analogous R619W mutation in the murine ortholog, PEP. While the variant protein exhibits normal stability, its expression significantly alters lymphocyte function and aged knock-in mice exhibit effector T and, transitional, germinal center and age-related B cell expansion, autoantibodies and systemic autoimmunity. Further, PEP-R619W impacts B cell selection and, strikingly, B lineage-restricted variant expression is sufficient to promote autoimmunity. In the current project, we initiated a detailed study of the impact of variant expression on B cell tolerance mechanisms. Our studies were designed to test the hypothesis that while negative selection is intact, peripheral B cells expressing the variant exhibit increased positive selection, culminating in a skewed, autoreactive naïve B cell repertoire that promotes autoimmune pathogenesis. Preliminary data utilizing single cell BCR cloning and deep sequencing technologies to assess autoreactivity and V(D)J family usage in naïve B cell subsets, as well as characterization of negative and peripheral selection using in vivo models, will be presented.
The Arabidopsis Histone Deacetylases HDA6 and HDA19 Contribute to the Repression of Embryonic Properties after Germination (2007)

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) is a chromatin-remodeling factor that contributes to transcriptional repression in eukaryotes. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the transcription factors LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1), FUSCA3 (FUS3), and ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3) play key roles in embryogenesis. Although the repression of embryogenesis-related genes during germination has been proposed to occur, the role of HDAC in this process has not been elucidated. To address this question, the effects of an HDAC inhibitor and suppression of the Arabidopsis HDAC genes on this process were investigated. Here, we show that treatment of an HDA6 repression line with the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A resulted in growth arrest and elevated transcription of LEC1, FUS3, and ABI3 during germination. The growth-arrest phenotype of the repression line was suppressed by lec1, fus3, and abi3. An HDA6/HDA19 double-repression line displayed arrested growth after germination and the formation of embryo-like structures on the true leaves of 6-week-old plants even without trichostatin A. The growth-arrest phenotype of this line was rescued by lec1. These results suggest that during germination in Arabidopsis, HDA6 and HDA19 redundantly regulate the repression of embryonic properties directly or indirectly via repression of embryo-specific gene function.
Gold Medal of the Acoustical Society of America (2010)

The Gold Medal is presented in the spring to a member of the Society, without age limitation, for contributions to acoustics. The first Gold Medal was presented in 1954 on the occasion of the Society's Twenty-Fifth Anniversary Celebration and biennially until 1981. It is now an annual award.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4,5‐Functionalized‐2‐methyl‐6‐(substituted aryl)‐3(2H)‐ pyridazinones: A New Group of Potent Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Anti‐retroviral drug resistance‐associated mutations among non‐subtype B HIV‐1‐infected Kenyan children with treatment failure (2007)

Recently increased availability of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has mitigated HIV-1/AIDS prognoses especially in resource poor settings. The emergence of ART resistance-associated mutations from non-suppressive ART has been implicated as a major cause of ART failure. Reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI)-resistance mutations among 12 non-subtype B HIV-1-infected children with treatment failure were evaluated by genotypically analyzing HIV-1 strains isolated from plasma obtained between 2001 and 2004. A region of pol-RT gene was amplified and at least five clones per sample were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed HIV-1 subtype A1 (n = 7), subtype C (n = 1), subtype D (n = 3), and CRF02_AG (n = 1). Before treatment, 4 of 12 (33.3%) children had primary RTI-resistance mutations, K103N (n = 3, ages 5-7 years) and Y181C (n = 1, age 1 year). In one child, K103N was found as a minor population (1/5 clones) before treatment and became major (7/7 clones) 8 months after RTI treatment. In 7 of 12 children, M184V appeared with one thymidine-analogue-associated mutation (TAM) as the first mutation, while the remaining 5 children had only TAMs appearing either individually (n = 2), or as TAMs 1 (M41L, L210W, and T215Y) and 2 (D67N, K70R, and K219Q/E/R) appearing together (n = 3). These results suggest that "vertically transmitted" primary RTI-resistance mutations, K103N and Y181C, can persist over the years even in the absence of drug pressure and impact RTI treatment negatively, and that appearing patterns of RTI-resistance mutations among non-subtype B HIV-1-infected children could possibly be different from those reported in subtype B-infected children.
ChemInform Abstract: Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Chiral 1,3‐Diols (cf. ( I)‐(IV)) by CD Spectroscopy of Their (Mo2(OAc)4) Complexes. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.