gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field Application of Iron and Iron–Nickel Nanoparticles for the Ex Situ Remediation of a Uranium-Bearing Mine Water Effluent (2015)

In this work, sodium borohydride reduced nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI–BR), sodium borohydride reduced nanoscale zero-valent iron–nickel (nZVIN–BR), nanoscale zero-valent iron sourced from NanoIron, s.r.o. (nZVI–Star), and nanoscale zero-valent iron sourced from Toda Kogyo Corporation (nZVI–RNIP) have been tested for the ex situ removal of aqueous uranium (U) from a bicarbonate-rich mine water effluent. Laboratory scale (2 L) batch treatment systems containing the mine water and comparator uranyl solutions were tested to compare U removal efficacy and aqueous corrosion behavior of the different nanopowders. The two commercially sourced nanopowders were also tested for the removal of U from 2,500 L batch systems to determine the nature of any differential behavior exhibited by the nanopowders when deployed at commercial scale. Analysis of aqueous samples taken at periodic intervals throughout the 96 h reaction period using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy recorded >95% aqueous U removal within 15 min by the sodium borohydride reduced nanopowders in all systems studied. Similar behavior was exhibited by the commercially sourced nanopowders for the uranyl-only solutions; however, a maximum of only 30.0 and 43.2% removal was recorded for the 2 L mine water effluent by nZVI–Star and nZVI–RNIP, respectively. Similar U uptake behavior was exhibited by the commercially sourced nanopowders for the 2,500 L batch treatment systems; however, a redox and U removal gradient as a function of depth was recorded, compared to a homogenous distribution recorded for the 2 L experiments. Analysis of reacted nanoparticulate solids using X-ray diffraction determined only minor aqueous corrosion of the two commercial nanopowders whereas near-total conversion to iron (hydr)oxides was recorded for the sodium borohydride reduced nanopowders. Results therefore demonstrate that in order for effective U removal from waters containing appreciable concentrations of complexing agents, highly reactive forms of iron and iron–nickel nanoparticles are required. In addition, the performance of such materials in commercial scale applications is likely to be lower than in laboratory-scale experiments due to the significant technical challenge of homogenous mixing/dispersion of the nanopowder with the aqueous phase.
Pleasant memories: remembering immune protection while forgetting about graft-versus-host disease (2003)

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality following conventional allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). A study in mice (see related article on pages 101–108) demonstrates that the selective administration of donor memory CD4(+) T cells results in immune reconstitution without GVHD, a result that, if translatable to humans, has important clinical implications for HSCT.
Control of Intermittent Chaos Caused by Applying a Pulse (1999)

The control of intermittent chaos caused by the current-driven ion acoustic instability is attempted. It is found that when a positive pulse is applied to one of two mesh grids which are installed in a plasma, the instability is suddenly suppressed. On the other hand, when a negative pulse is applied, the system changes from chaotic orbits to periodic orbits while maintaining the instability, showing that the chaotic state caused by the instability is well controlled by applying a negative pulse.
Solution Structure of FKBP, a Rotamase Enzyme and Receptor for FK506 and Rapamycin (1991)

Immunophilins, when complexed to immunosuppressive ligands, appear to inhibit signal transduction pathways that result in exocytosis and transcription. The solution structure of one of these, the human FK506 and rapamycin binding protein (FKBP), has been determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). FKBP has a previously unobserved antiparallel beta-sheet folding topology that results in a novel loop crossing and produces a large cavity lined by a conserved array of aromatic residues; this cavity serves as the rotamase active site and drug-binding pocket. There are other significant structural features (such as a protruding positively charged loop and an apparently flexible loop) that may be involved in the biological activity of FKBP.
Modulatory effect of extracellular Mg<sup>2+</sup> ions on K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> currents of capillary endothelial cells from rat brain (1996)

Using whole-cell patch-clamp recording, we demonstrate that exposure of single rat brain capillary endothelial cells to different extracellular Mg2+ concentrations (0.3, 4.8 and 9.6 mM) affects the conductance of K+ and Ca2+ currents elicited under control conditions (1.2 mM). Extracellular Mg2+ concentrations ([Mg2+]o) of 4.8 and 9.6 mM reversibly depress outward K+ currents by about 30 +/- 12% (n = 10) and 34 +/- 13% (n = 10), at all activating potentials, respectively. Using identical concentrations reversibly depressed the Ca2+ current by about 40 +/- 16% (n = 8) and 46 +/- 18% (n = 6), respectively. Using a low Mg2+ concentration of 0.3 mM, the K+ current activation was unexpectedly and mildly increased by about 15 +/- 5% (n = 5), and the inward Ca2+ current was attenuated. When studying this effect of low [Mg2+]o on 'pure' Ca2+ currents, free of outward currents, we found that this inward current was depressed by about 38 +/- 16%(n = 8), and its threshold for activation, in the current-voltage relationship, was shifted to more negative potentials. It is concluded that high [Mg2+]o hinders the entry of Ca2+ through low-voltage activated Ca2+ channels and thereby attenuates a Ca2+-regulated K+ conductance. At a low [Mg2+]o (0.3 mM), Mg2+ shifts the steady-state inactivation of the voltage-activated Ca2+ channel to more negative potentials by about 8 mV (n = 6), probably due to a negative screening effect, i.e. a reduction of positive charges on the cell membrane. This may contribute to an apparent increase in K+ conductance by an, as yet, unknown mechanism.
Abstract 3519: Appropriate crosslinking is required for co-stimulatory activity of human CD27 antibody in a transgenic mouse model (2012)

Abstract CD27 is a member of TNFR superfamily. It constitutively expresses on the majority of T cell and a subset of NK cells, playing key roles in T cell activation and survival and in NK cell proliferation and cytotoxicity upon interaction with ligand CD70. Some antibodies to mouse CD27 have been reported that display agonistic and anti-tumor activities while other mAbs had less anti-tumor activity and were depleting. We hypothesized that differences in these antibodies may be due to Fc receptor engagement, as has recently been shown for the adjuvant and anti-tumor activities of agonistic mouse CD40 mAbs, which is also member of TNFR superfamily. We have developed and previously described a human anti-human CD27 antibody (1F5) and a human CD27 transgenic mouse model (hCD27-Tg) to explore the therapeutic potential of targeting CD27. In this study, we examined the effect of modifying the constant regions of the 1F5 mAb on its ability to enhance antigen specific T cell responses. With the original 1F5 hIgG1 as template, a panel of 1F5 variants was made including 1F5 mIgG1, 1F5 mIgG2a, 1F5 mIgG1D265A and 1F5 hIgG1N297S using molecular cloning techniques. All of the variants retained equal binding to hCD27 as shown by ELISA and flow cytometry studies. In addition, Biacore analysis confirmed the expected pattern of binding to human and mouse FcαRs. Co-injection of 1F5 or its variants with ovalbumin enhanced antigen-specific CD8 T cell response to different extents, as detected by SIINFEKL-specific IFNα-ELISPOT and ICS. The 1F5 mIgG1 induced the highest number of IFNα-producing CD8+ cells, whereas 1F5 mIgG2a was very weak at enhancing the CD8 T cell response. The hIgG1 version of 1F5 was intermediate in activity. Introduction of the D265A mutation that disrupts FcαRs binding into the mIgG1 eliminated the co-stimulatory function of 1F5. Similarly, the 1F5 hIgG1N297S also showed reduced activity compared to the original 1F5 hIgG1. The isotype-specific effects on our anti-hCD27 mAb are surprisingly consistent with the findings described for the agonistic anti-mCD40 mAbs, and imply that engagement of the inhibitory Fcα receptors (FcαRIIb) is driving the co-stimulatory activity in this model. Interestingly, the 1F5 hIgG1 triggered a significant T cell response, despite the lack of FcαRIIb binding by Biacore analysis. The effect of these variants on anti-tumor activity in hCD27 transgenic mice is currently being investigated. The 1F5 hIgG1 mAb (CDX-1127) is currently undergoing clinical evaluation in a phase 1 trial of patients with advanced cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3519. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3519
Metformin‐induced encephalopathy without lactic acidosis in a patient with contraindication for metformin (2009)

A 51-year-old Korean man with end-stage renal disease and who was on intermittent hemodialysis was admitted with progressive dysarthria, gait disturbance, and myoclonus. The liver function tests and the electrolyte and arterial gas analyses were normal. The Magnetic resonance imaging scan showed a diffuse symmetric high signal intensity in the basal ganglia on the T2-weighted image. After a thorough history taking, we knew that he had been treated with metformin for 3 months at other hospital without our hospitals staff's knowledge. After stopping the metformin, the patient's neurologic signs and symptoms disappeared and the Magnetic resonance imaging findings after 20 days were markedly improved.
Mechanisms of peripheral tolerance to allergens (2012)

The immune system is regulated to protect the host from exaggerated stimulatory signals establishing a state of tolerance in healthy individuals. The disequilibrium in immune regulatory vs effector mechanisms results in allergic or autoimmune disorders in genetically predisposed subjects under certain environmental conditions. As demonstrated in allergen-specific immunotherapy and in the healthy immune response to high-dose allergen exposure models in humans, T regulatory cells are essential in the suppression of Th2-mediated inflammation, maintenance of immune tolerance, induction of the two suppressive cytokines interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β, inhibition of allergen-specific IgE, and enhancement of IgG4 and IgA. Also, suppression of dendritic cells, mast cells, and eosinophils contributes to the construction of peripheral tolerance to allergens. This review focuses on mechanisms of peripheral tolerance to allergens with special emphasis on recent developments in the area of immune regulation.
New Highly Fluorinated Styrene-Based Materials with Low Surface Energy Prepared by ATRP (2004)

2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-4-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropoxy)styrene (TF(F5)S) and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-pentadecafluorooctaoxy)styrene (TF(F15)S) are prepared by nucleophilic substitution of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene. The neat monomers are subjected to atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) at 110 °C to high conversions in relatively short times, 10−120 min; TF(F5)S is additionally polymerized at 70 and 90 °C. Block copolymers with styrene are prepared by the macroinitiator approach. All polymers, in the number-average molecular weight range from 6000 to 35 000, have polydispersity indexes between 1.08 and 1.37. The homopolymers show glass transitions from 16 to 62 °C depending on molecular weight, whereas the block copolymers exhibit phase separation mirrored in two Tgs, which could be observed when the smallest block constitutes more than 10 mol %. The fluorinated side chains of P(TF(F5)S) and P(TF(F15)S) enrich the surface of thin films, which results in an advancing water contact angle of 117° and 122°, respectively. Both XPS analyses and contact angle measurements strongly imply that the fluorinated parts of the block copolymers migrate to the surface and create low surface energy films.
Dispersive Mixing of Solid Additives (2009)

No AccessMixing and Compounding of PolymersMay 2009Dispersive Mixing of Solid AdditivesIca Manas-Zloczower, Donald L. FekeIca Manas-Zloczower, Donald L. Fekehttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446433717.004SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2009Pages: 183-215Print ISBN: 978-3-446-40773-2eISBN: 978-3-446-43371-7 Copyright & Permissions© 2009 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Experimental study of rate of silica formation from active oxidation of liquid silicon (2013)

The formation of silica fume when liquid metal is in contact with air during refining of metallurgical grade silicon leads to a direct loss of silicon. Apart from this yield loss the associated fume may be harmful to the workers in the plant. During tapping, refining and casting of silicon, the fume formation makes up 40 – 80 % of the fugitive emissions from the plant. In this work, the kinetics and mechanisms of fume formation during refining of metallurgical grade silicon were studied. Active oxidation is defined as the partial oxidation of Si to the gaseous product SiO. This type of oxidation does not protect the surface from further attack (passivation).When reviewing relevant literature, the majority of the research on active oxidation of silicon is done on solid silicon Research to date on liquid silicon oxidation on the other hand is primarily theoretical. As such, there is a knowledge gap concerning a mechanistic understanding of the active oxidation of liquid silicon. Boundary conditions, rate-controlling factors and flux dependencies on oxygen partial pressure and gas flow rate have not been systematically studied experimentally for active oxidation of liquid silicon. The amount of fume on an industrial scale and the characteristics of the fume such as elemental content, particle size and shape have not been adequately explored. In this project, the active oxidation of liquid silicon was investigated at three different scales; industrial measurements (~7 tonne Si); small-scale experiments 10 g Si); and medium-scale induction furnace experiments (1750 g Si). An experimental element distribution analysis of both main and trace-elements in the industrial refining ladle was performed. It was found that the amount of fume formed during industrial refining is in the range 0.7 – 1.8 kg of SiO2 per tonne silicon produced. The main mechanism of SiO2-fume formation is oxidation of the surface, so that the exposed surface area is a main parameter controlling the fume formation in the industry. The boundary conditions for the oxidation of a still Si surface were determined from the small-scale experiments. The measurements confirmed an approximated theoretical mass transfer rate of oxygen and a maximum bulk oxygen pressure for active oxidation. From the induction furnace experiments it was found that the primary factor determining the rate of fume formation is the rate of transport of oxygen to the surface, which in turn is given by the velocity of the gas above the surface. This work is the first qualitative and quantitative study containing experimental investigations from small-scale to industrial scale on the kinetic and mechanistic nature of silicon oxidation. The industrial work has also contributes to a better understanding of distribution of elements in the silicon refining process, and it gives implications for emission estimation of toxic and other trace elements to the environment.
Modelisation de la penetration des ions chlorures dans les mortiers partiellement satures en eau (1998)

L'objet de ce travail est l'influence de la teneur en eau et des transferts d'humidite sur la penetration des ions chlore dans les mortiers. Une etude theorique a conduit a un modele de transferts couples ions - humidite, base sur la thermodynamique des milieux poreux, et a son integration dans un code de calcul en langage c. D'autre part, une etude experimentale a permis d'alimenter et de valider le modele. Dans cette derniere, nous avons determine les parametres de transfert des constituants (chlorures libres et fixes, eau liquide et vapeur) et nous avons quantifie les differents changements de phases ou interactions. Les premiers resultats concernent la diffusion des ions chlore en milieu sature. Ils montrent que le coefficient de diffusion est fonction decroissante de la concentration de la solution et que la fixation des chlorures par la matrice est non lineaire et reversible. En outre, l'etude de la precipitation de chloro-aluminates synthetiques a prouve la part preponderante de ce mode de fixation. La seconde partie experimentale a vise a l'obtention des coefficients de transfert de l'humidite, et surtout a celle de la permeabilite a l'eau liquide des materiaux. La diffusivite et les isothermes de desorption de la vapeur, en raison de leur obtention aussi longue qu'incertaine, ont ete choisies en fonction de modeles empiriques. Nous nous sommes ensuite attaches a evaluer de facon systematique les divers couplages. L'influence a court terme du chlore sur les transferts d'humidite se resume a un abaissement du potentiel chimique de l'eau interstitielle, les effets sur la viscosite du fluide et la microstructure demeurant negligeables. Par contre, teneur en eau et transport d'humidite ont un effet notable sur les mouvements de chlore. L'evolution de leur diffusivite avec la saturation, obtenue par spectrometrie d'impedance, a montre que la diffusion cesse en dessous de 50% de taux de saturation. De plus, des flux de liquide importants s'averent capables de transporter les chlorures en solution de facon rapide, mais aussi de gener leur fixation par le ciment. Le code de calcul fournit des predictions satisfaisantes a tous les niveaux, et ce malgre un nombre tout a fait reduit de parametres. Cela en fait donc un outil predictif relativement performant, moyennant quelques essais simples et rapides de caracterisation.
Control of exits from a safe region: a stochastic Melnikov approach (2002)

For a wide class of stochastically excited multistable systems the Melnikov necessary condition for chaos contains information on the effectiveness of the various frequency components of the excitation in inducing exits from a potential well. This information can be used to develop an open-loop control procedure aimed at reducing the system's exit rate. The Melnikov approach is based on a first-order approximation and is in principle applicable only for small perturbations. Nevertheless, results of simulations show that it is valid qualitatively even if the excitations are relatively large. We test the effectiveness of the proposed control procedure, and briefly review the use of the phase space flux factor to assess or design the control systems.
Studies on the time course and efficacy of beta-blockers in neuroleptic-induced akathisia and the akathisia of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. (1991)

This investigation reports pilot data on two points originally raised in the earliest reports of the efficacy of beta-blockers in akathisia: their potential utility in the akathisia of idiopathic Parkinson's disease and the possibility of determining a central vs. a peripheral site of action by comparing the time course of the effects of lipophilic and hydrophilic agents. Akathisia improved in 4 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease after low dose propranolol treatment. Six patients with neuroleptic-induced akathisia were treated with the hydrophilic beta-blocker nadolol. Effects on akathisia occurred, but evolved much more slowly than after treatment with lipophilic agents, such as propranolol and metoprolol, thus suggesting a central site of action.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Preparation of 32‐Oxygenated Lanosterol Derivatives. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On the existence of nonsuperdirective aperture antennas with directivity patterns within desired bounds (1996)

The problem of creating a directivity pattern within desired upper and lower bounds using a nonsuperdirective microwave antenna of prescribed aperture is studied, and a strong necessary condition for the existence of solutions is derived. The condition is tested in cases of interest in designing satellite antennas that provide regional coverages on the Earth. For these cases, aperture fields are found which closely approach directivity limits implied by the necessary condition. Realistic designs are also obtained for shaped reflectors with simple feeds, and the results confirm the strength of the necessary condition for practical problems.
Development of TOF neutron spectrometer for the measurement of degenerated plasma in fast ignition experiment (2008)

There are two essential requirements to achieve the Fast Ignition. One is high density compression of main fuel and the other one is additional heating of main fuel by ultra intense laser. Then the experimental determination of both the density of the main fuel before heating laser irradiation and ion temperature after heating laser irradiation is necessary. In the experiment of the Central Ignition, we developed both ion temperature measurement and density measurement, which is based on theoretical degenerated plasma model, by using Time-Of-Flight neutron spectrometer. The main problem in applying this measurement in Fast Ignition experiment is huge amount of high energy x ray, which is generated as a result of heating laser irradiation. Then we installed a total 15-cm thick lead shield as a measure against it. It was confirmed that the newly installed shield achieves x ray attenuation to 5.7±2.0×10−4 of previous level by Geant4 MC simulation. And the error for ion temperature measurement was confirmed to be smaller than 0.3 keV in an experiment whose neutron yield was 1.7±0.2×106.
Subgroup analysis of virological response rates with once‐ and twice‐daily darunavir/ritonavir in treatment‐experienced patients without darunavir resistance‐associated mutations in the <scp>ODIN</scp> trial (2013)

DRV/r administered either qd or bid provided effective treatment for antiretroviral treatment-experienced patients with no DRV RAMs, with comparable response rates across all subgroups studied. Low patient numbers in specific subgroups may limit interpretation of these specific subgroup results.
Hepatitis-Associated Australia Antigen. Protein, Peptides and Amino Acid Composition of Purified Antigen with Its Use in Determining Sensitivity of the Hemagglutination Test (1972)

Summary A 0.1% solution of protein from the purified 20-nm particles of hepatitis-associated Australia antigen (HAA) has an optical density of 3.726 at 280 nm. The protein appears to consist of two subunits; it contains a high proportion of proline, leucine and serine and a low content of tyrosine. Depending upon the anti-HAA reagent used, the hemagglutination inhibition assay can detect HAA protein in amounts as low as 1 to 60 ng.