gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BQ-123, a selective endothelin subtype A-receptor antagonist, lowers blood pressure in different rat models of hypertension (1994)

The data presented indicate a role for endothelin in the pathophysiology of hypertension.
Role of phosphatidylserine synthase in shaping the phospholipidome of Candida albicans (2017)

Phosphatidylserine (PS) synthase (Cho1p) and the PS decarboxylase enzymes (Psd1p and Psd2p), which synthesize PS and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), respectively, are crucial for Candida albicans virulence. Mutations that disrupt these enzymes compromise virulence. These enzymes are part of the cytidine diphosphate-diacylglycerol pathway (i.e. de novo pathway) for phospholipid synthesis. Understanding how losses of PS and/or PE synthesis pathways affect the phospholipidome of Candida is important for fully understanding how these enzymes impact virulence. The cho1Δ/Δ and psd1Δ/Δ psd2Δ/Δ mutations cause similar changes in levels of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and PS. However, only slight changes were seen in PE and phosphatidylcholine (PC). This finding suggests that the alternative mechanism for making PE and PC, the Kennedy pathway, can compensate for loss of the de novo synthesis pathway. Candida albicans Cho1p, the lipid biosynthetic enzyme with the most potential as a drug target, has been biochemically characterized, and analysis of its substrate specificity and kinetics reveal that these are similar to those previously published for Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cho1p.
A global genomic and small molecule inhibitor interrogation of KIT mutant melanoma to reveal underlying biology and novel molecular targets. (2015)

9039 Background: Activating mutations in KIT are present in 15-20% of acral lentiginous (AL), mucosal (MM) and chronic sun-damaged melanomas. Functional studies in KIT mutant melanoma have been hampered by a paucity of cell lines with recurrent mutations, and limited information about the molecular context in which they occur. This study analyzes the co-mutation status of a large set of cancer-related genes that could influence cell signaling programs in KIT mutant melanomas. Further, we perform first-to-date functional studies on a melanoma cell line with a common (10%) recurrent KIT mutation at amino acid position 822. Methods: Results of a CLIA-certified clinical next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform that interrogates regions of recurrent mutations in 46 cancer-related genes for 1430 melanoma patients were reviewed to identify tumors with mutations in KIT (n = 116). Those tumors were analyzed for associated clinical and molecular characteristics. A novel KIT mutant (N822Y) melanoma cell line was generated from an AL tumor, upon which global copy number, protein activation and high-throughput small molecule inhibitor testing were performed. Results: Among patients with clinical NGS results, 116 tumors with KIT mutations were identified (46 non-acral cutaneous [CM], 26 AL and 44 MM). Unlike KIT mutant CMs, AL and MM tumors harbored few non-redundant KIT missense mutations or mutations in known oncogenes (BRAF, N/H-RAS), and when present, mutations in tumor suppressor genes were more frequent in CM tumors by the technique employed. Low frequency hotspot mutations in CTNNB1 were present in all KIT mutant subtypes (2-12%). A bioactive 1,161 compound screen of an AL KIT N822Y cell line revealed a selective set of compound classes (KIT, RAF, PI3K-MTOR, CDK inhibitors) to meet threshold efficacy. Conclusions: AL and MM KIT mutant melanomas lack co-mutations frequently present in CMs. High-throughput compound screening test of KIT (N822Y) melanoma cell line suggests a small set of compound classes for combinatorial screening.
Terahertz-frequency photoconductive detectors fabricated from metal-organic chemical vapor deposition-grown Fe-doped InGaAs (2011)

We report the detection of terahertz frequency radiation using photoconductive antennas fabricated from Fe-doped InGaAs, grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Coherent photoconductive detection is demonstrated using femtosecond laser pulses centered at either an 800 or a 1550 nm wavelength. The InGaAs resistivity and the sensitivity of photoconductive detection are both found to depend on the Fe-doping level. We investigate a wide range of probe laser powers, finding a peak in detected signal for ∼5 mW probe power, followed by a reduction at larger powers, attributed to screening of the detected THz field by photo-generated carriers in the material. The measured signal from Fe:InGaAs photoconductive detectors excited at 800 nm is four times greater than that from a low-temperature-grown GaAs photodetector with identical antenna design, despite the use of a ten times smaller probe power.
Manufacturing of transparent ZnS ceramics by powders sintering (2016)

We report the use of the low cost hot-pressing technique to produce ZnS for multispectral operation, from visible up to 12 μm. Considerable progress has been obtained by developing efficient precipitation and combustion powders synthesis procedures. The main emphasis has been on the elaboration of ZnS precursor powders with controlled morphology/chemical composition to reduce extrinsic scattering and impurities. We were able to produce ZnS parts with visible transparency and transmission in the 8-12 μm range that is comparable to that of CVD ZnS. The correlation of processing variables with powders sinterability and optical transmission of the HPed ceramics is discussed.
Modeling and vector control of a planar magnetic levitator (2002)

The authors designed and implemented a magnetically levitated stage with large planar motion capability. This positioning system is the first capable of providing all the motions required for photolithography in semiconductor manufacturing with only a single moving part. This planar magnetic levitator employs four novel permanent-magnet linear motors which generate vertical force for suspension against gravity, and horizontal force for drive. In this paper, the authors discuss electromechanical modeling and real-time vector control of such a permanent-magnet levitator. They describe the dynamics in a DQ frame introduced to decouple the forces acting on the stage. A similar transformation to the Blondel-Park transformation is derived for commutation of the phase currents of the levitator. They provide testing results on step responses of the stage. It shows a 5-nm position noise in x and y, which demonstrates the applicability in the next-generation photolithography.
ChemInform Abstract: MISCHKRISTALLE IM SYSTEM ZRN‐NBC (1974)

Abstract Im System ZrN‐NbC wird eine kontinuierliche Mischkristallreihe gebildet.
Systemic Fungicidal Activity of 1,4-Oxathiin Derivatives (1966)

Treatment of pinto bean and barley seed with 1,4-oxathiin derivatives gave disease control by systemic fungicidal action of such pathogenic fungi as Uromyces phaseoli and Ustilago nuda. The two chemicals, D735 and F461, were highly specific and selective against the pathogens without injury of the hosts.
Polymerization of styrene by diphenylzinc-additive systems. Part IX. New experiments with Ph2Zn-Met-MAO systems (1999)

The combined systems diphenylzinc–metallocene–methylaluminoxane (Ph2Zn–Met–MAO) have proved able to induce styrene polymerization, producing polystyrene with a variable content of stereoregular polymer. The tacticity of the obtained polymer is strongly dependent on the nature of the metallocene and on its molar ratio toward diphenylzinc (Met/Ph2Zn). The stereoregular polymer was syndiotactic according to its crystalline melting temperature Tm, 13C NMR spectrum, and insolubility in boiling butanone. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
SpeedDetect: A Simple TCP Extension for Handling Sudden Capacity Increase (2009)

Emerging broadband mobile cellular networks are inherently heterogeneous due to the co-existence of multiple wireless access technologies. In such a network sudden capacity changes are bound to happen due to inter-system handovers, user mobility and flow dynamics. Existing congestion control protocols are shown to deal sufficiently with capacity drops but tend to reach full link utilization slowly after abrupt capacity increases. In this paper we propose SpeedDetect, a simple, sender-side TCP extension for handling sudden capacity increase. The key idea behind our approach is to improve link utilization by explicitly detecting increased link capacity then triggering the underlying congestion control scheme to an aggressive probing regime. We evaluate the performance of SpeedDetect with testbed experiments and simulations. Our findings suggest that the proposed mechanism can significantly improve the reaction time of TCP by detecting sudden capacity increase quickly and consistently. Furthermore, our approach retains the RTT-fairness of the underlying TCP and exhibits favorable inter-protocol fairness towards standard TCP NewReno.
Beam Spreading in a Turbulent Medium (1972)

The Kolmogorov spectrum with its associated structure functions is generally used to study wave propagation in turbulent media. It is known, however, that this spectrum does not accurately represent the real atmosphere outside the inertial range. In this paper, the broadening of a focused gaussian beam is calculated, using instead a modified von Karman spectrum better to describe the medium. The Born approximation is also used, because it follows naturally from the use of this spectrum. The dependence of beam spreading on the outer scale of turbulence is obtained and the results generally reduce to those corresponding to the Kolmogorov spectrum and the Rytov approximation, which in fact do not depend on the outer scale of turbulence. The results can be applied to arbitrary source configurations or extended to include the calculation of other field quantities of interest.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanistic Studies and Expansion of the Substrate Scope of Direct Enantioselective Alkynylation of α‐Ketiminoesters Catalyzed by Adaptable (Phebox)Rhodium(III) Complexes. (2016)

Abstract The use of (trimethylsilylethynyl)rhodium(III) complexes as catalysts significantly improves the catalysis of the reaction of α‐ketiminoesters (I) and related substrates (IV) and (VI) with terminal alkynes to yield products with quarternary stereocenters with good yields and enantioselectivities.
Ubiquitous Mechanisms of Energy Dissipation in Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy (2008)

Atomistic simulations considering larger tip structures than hitherto assumed reveal novel dissipation mechanisms in noncontact atomic force microscopy. The potential energy surfaces of realistic silicon tips exhibit many energetically close local minima that correspond to different structures. Most of them easily deform, thus causing dissipation arising from hysteresis in force versus distance characteristics. Furthermore, saddle points which connect local minima can suddenly switch to connect different minima. Configurations driven into metastability by the tip motion can thus suddenly access lower energy structures when thermal activation becomes allowed within the time required to detect the resulting average dissipation.
Interdimensional degeneracy and symmetry breaking in <i>D</i>-dimensional H+2 (1990)

An interdimensional degeneracy linking the orbital angular momentum projection ‖m‖ and spatial dimension D gives D-dimensional eigenstates for H+2 by simple correspondence with suitably scaled D=3 excited states. The wave equation for fixed nuclei is separable in D-dimensional spheroidal coordinates, giving generalized two-center differential equations with parametric dependence on the internuclear distance R. By incorporating‖m‖ into D, the resulting eigenstates can be classified by the two dimension-independent ‘‘radial’’ quantum numbers denoted in united atom notation by k and l−‖m‖, corresponding, respectively, to the number of ellipsoidal and hyperboloidal nodal surfaces in the wave function. The two eigenparameters, the energy ED(R), and a separation constant AD(R) related to the total orbital angular momentum and the Runge–Lenz vector, have been determined numerically for the ground state and several low lying excited states for selected dimensions from D=2 to D=100. The system simplifies greatly in the limit D→∞, where the electronic structure reduces to a classical electrostatic form with the electrons in a fixed geometrical configuration relative to the nuclei, akin to the traditional Lewis electron-dot structure. For a given R, the energy E∞ reduces to the minimum of an effective potential surface and the separation constant A∞ reduces to a simple function of the energy. The surfaces are separable in spheroidal coordinates resulting in analytical expressions for the energy in terms of the coordinates. The surfaces exhibit a characteristic symmetry breaking as functions of R, changing from a single minimum surface in the united atom limit (R→0) to a double minimum surface in the separated atom limit (R→∞). Effects of this symmetry breaking are found at finite D as well. Analysis of excited state D-dimensional energies reveals that bonding in H+2 is determined primarily by k, contrary to the standard scheme of bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals, which in the case of H+2 correspond to even and odd l−‖m‖, respectively. When the D-dimensional energies are examined as functions of 1/D, the resulting curves resemble typical perturbation diagrams with 1/D as the perturbation parameter.
Improved HF183 Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay for Characterization of Human Fecal Pollution in Ambient Surface Water Samples (2014)

Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays that target the human-associated HF183 bacterial cluster within members of the genus Bacteroides are among the most widely used methods for the characterization of human fecal pollution in ambient surface waters. In this study, we show that a current TaqMan HF183 qPCR assay (HF183/BFDrev) routinely forms nonspecific amplification products and introduce a modified TaqMan assay (HF183/BacR287) that alleviates this problem. The performance of each qPCR assay was compared in head-to-head experiments investigating limits of detection, analytical precision, predicted hybridization to 16S rRNA gene sequences from a reference database, and relative marker concentrations in fecal and sewage samples. The performance of the modified HF183/BacR287 assay is equal to or improves upon that of the original HF183/BFDrev assay. In addition, a qPCR chemistry designed to combat amplification inhibition and a multiplexed internal amplification control are included. In light of the expanding use of PCR-based methods that rely on the detection of extremely low concentrations of DNA template, such as qPCR and digital PCR, the new TaqMan HF183/BacR287 assay should provide more accurate estimations of human-derived fecal contaminants in ambient surface waters.
ChemInform Abstract: BENZOMORPHAN RELATED COMPOUNDS. XV. A VERSATILE METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF HETEROMORPHANS (1981)

Abstract Ausgehend vom β‐Ketoester (II) werden die Heteromorphane (I), (IV) und (V) durch Reaktion mit Hydrazin bzw. Phenylhydrazin bzw. Aminoacrolein synthetisiert.
Laryngeal Complications after Type I Thyroplasty (1995)

Type I thyroplasty has become a primary surgical choice for voice restoration in patients with glottal incompetence. This study examines factors associated with laryngeal complications after type I thyroplasty. Ten laryngoscopic variables were analyzed from preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative videolaryngoscopies of 51 patients undergoing 58 medialization procedures. Ten patient and operative variables were examined by medical record review. Major complications were defined as wound hemorrhage, airway obstruction, or prosthesis extrusion. Minor complications were defined as vocal fold hematoma without airway obstruction or prosthesis movement. The major complication rate was 8.6%, and the minor complication rate was 29%. No delayed hemorrhage or airway obstruction occurred. Prosthesis extrusion occurred in five (8.6%) patients 1 week to 5 months after surgery. Extrusion was associated with suboptimal prosthesis placement in 80% of cases. Two patients retained excellent glottal closure despite extrusion. Vocal fold hematoma was identified in 14 (24%) cases and resolved within 1 week. Prosthesis movement occurred in three (5%) patients 1 week to 6 months after surgery and resulted in poor glottal closure. All patients with prosthesis extrusion or movement were female. Type I thyroplasty remains a safe outpatient procedure with few major complications. Prosthesis extrusion was associated with suboptimal prosthesis placement and may or may not result in poor glottal closure. Minor vocal fold hematomas were relatively frequent, resolved rapidly, and were not associated with airway obstruction. Female patients may be more prone to complications because of their small laryngeal size.
Effect of temperature on the electrical properties of ITO in a TiO<sub>2</sub>/ITO film (2013)

Abstract Thermal stabilities of indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates and TiO 2 /ITO structures were evaluated in relation to their electrical properties. The ITO substrates and TiO 2 /ITO structures were annealed at 350, 400, and 500 °C. The ITO substrate with large grain size showed higher thermal stability than that with small grain size. The thermal stability of TiO 2 /ITO structure improved with increasing TiO 2 thickness, and a decrease in electron concentration was observed in resistance‐increased samples. These changes were attributed to variations in grain‐boundary potential caused by oxygen adsorption. It may be concluded that variation of the grain‐boundary potential by thermal annealing has a dominant influence on resistance. Therefore, optimization of the grain size is important to improve the thermal stability of ITO. This mechanism and procedure can be applied to improve the characteristics of other TCO materials.
Efficient Catalysts of Acyclic Guanidinium Iodide for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides under Mild Conditions (2019)

We have studied the synthesis of five-membered cyclic carbonates through the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides by using acyclic guanidinium salts. We have found that the cycloaddition reactions proceed smoothly at ordinary temperatures and pressures and result in good yields when acyclic guanidinium iodides are employed as catalysts. Both cation moiety and anion moiety of the guanidinium salts play important roles in their catalytic activity. It is essential to have active hydrogens on the cation moiety as well as an iodide ion as the anion moiety so as to achieve good catalytic activity. Guanidinium iodides with three or more active hydrogens give cyclic carbonates in high yields in polar solvents such as 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one, whereas the guanidinium iodides with one or two active hydrogens show good catalytic activity in less polar solvents such as 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.
Akutes Leberversagen durch Hitzschlag – Unterschätztes Risiko oder Rarität? Zwei Fallberichte (2006)

Während kardiorespiratorische Symptome ein bekanntes Problem bei Patienten mit Hitzschlag darstellen ist das akute Leberversagen ein kaum beschriebenes Phänomen. Wir berichten hier über zwei Patienten mit akutem Leberversagen durch Hyperthermie. Während der erste Patient im Rahmen eines Halbmarathons kollabierte, erlitt der zweite einen klassischen Hitzschlag im überhitzten Büro. Beide wurden mit deutlich erhöhten Transaminasen und einer verlängerten International Normalisierten Ratio (INR) aufgenommen. Trotz weit reichender Diagnostik konnte außer der physischen Erschöpfung keine Ursache für das Leberversagen identifiziert werden. Als mögliche Ursache wird neben einem durch Hyperthermie modifizierten Immunsystem eine Störung des intrahepatischen Blutflusses diskutiert. Durch engmaschige Überwachung und standardisierte symptomatische Therapie konnten die Gefahren eines akuten Leberversagens gemildert und eine Lebertransplantation, als letzte Therapieoption, verhindert werden.
Untersuchung der Adsorption von Anionen an Metalloberflächen mit Hilfe radioaktiver Indikatoren (1956)

Article Untersuchung der Adsorption von Anionen an Metalloberflächen mit Hilfe radioaktiver Indikatoren was published on November 1, 1956 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 206O, issue 1).
Cytokine-inducible enhancer with promoter activity in both the rat and human manganese-superoxide dismutase genes (2000)

Diverse pro-inflammatory mediators regulate transcription of the gene (MnSOD) encoding the mitochondrial anti-oxidant protein manganese-superoxide dismutase. Understanding the regulation of this gene is crucial to comprehending its role in cytoprotection. In transfected lung epithelial cells, a human-growth-hormone reporter gene system was utilized to identify a potential enhancer in the MnSOD genomic fragment previously shown to contain multiple DNase-I-hypersensitive sites. Northern analysis demonstrated a 10-20-fold increase in response to pro-inflammatory mediators. Inclusion of the MnSOD genomic fragment in reporter constructs was necessary to mimic these stimulus-dependent endogenous levels. The inducible enhancer element was localized to a 260 bp fragment in intron 2, coinciding with a previously defined DNase-I-hypersensitive site. This element functions in an orientation- and position-independent manner as well as with the heterologous thymidine kinase promoter. In addition, we have demonstrated that a homologous sequence within the human MnSOD gene exhibits identical enhancer activity. A novel characteristic of the rat and human enhancer elements involves the ability to promote cytokine-inducible transcription in the absence of a classical promoter.
Understanding loudness: Testing physiological models of intensity discrimination and masking for their consistency with loudness functions (2003)

Joe Zwislocki continues to contribute actively to ongoing scientific discourse at the Institute for Sensory Research (ISR). Naturally, these discussions include, amongst other topics, the relationship between loudness and intensity discrimination. Being in the ISR environment has provided the motivation to test models for intensity discrimination and masking in the context of loudness. This problem is timely in that it relates to Joe’s current efforts to assemble a written summary of his contributions to the study of loudness. In this presentation, the ability of recent neural models for intensity discrimination and masking to explain some basic aspects of the loudness functions reported by Joe Zwislocki and his colleagues will be explored. [Work supported by NIDCD-NIH.]
Crack Detection Using EddyTherm (2005)

The EddyTherm thermographic crack detection method uses brief pulsed eddy currents to heat metallic components under inspection. Cracks, if present, will disturb the current flow and so generate changes in the temperature profile in the crack area. These temperature changes are visualized using a thermographic camera. The advantages afforded by the method are its very brief inspection times, its ability to inspect complex geometries, its excellent flaw detection sensitivity and its ability to detect hidden, subsurface cracks. Simulation of inductive heating using FEM methods permits coils to be adjusted and inspection parameters optimized. The use of a robot to manipulate parts under inspection, a high‐frequency pulse generator for inductive heating and enhanced algorithms enabled a demonstrator to be set up for the fully automated crack inspection of engine compressor blades.
Evaluation of a simplified diagnostic aid (Oricult‐N) for detection of oral candidoses (1985)

The validity of a simplified diagnostic aid, Oricult-N, for detection of oral candidoses was compared with smears stained according to the periodic acid-Schiff's method. Samples were taken from 80 locations in 36 patients with lesions suspected for candidal infection. There was a statistically significant correlation between the two methods (P less than 0.001).