gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multifunction Cognitive Radar Task Scheduling Using Monte Carlo Tree Search and Policy Networks (2018)

A modern radar may be designed to perform multiple functions, such as surveillance, tracking, and fire control. Each function requires the radar to execute a number of transmit-receive tasks. A radar resource management (RRM) module makes decisions on parameter selection, prioritization, and scheduling of such tasks. RRM becomes especially challenging in overload situations, where some tasks may need to be delayed or even dropped. In general, task scheduling is an NP-hard problem. In this work, we develop the branch-and-bound (B&B) method which obtains the optimal solution but at exponential computational complexity. On the other hand, heuristic methods have low complexity but provide relatively poor performance. We resort to machine learning-based techniques to address this issue; specifically we propose an approximate algorithm based on the Monte Carlo tree search method. Along with using bound and dominance rules to eliminate nodes from the search tree, we use a policy network to help to reduce the width of the search. Such a network can be trained using solutions obtained by running the B&B method offline on problems with feasible complexity. We show that the proposed method provides near-optimal performance, but with computational complexity orders of magnitude smaller than the B&B algorithm.
Ion-Molecular Reactions in Plasma Containment Devices (1972)

We investigate ion-molecule charge exchange followed by dissociative electron recombination with molecular ions due to the presence of common impurities in a plasma-containment device. For a ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ plasma with ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ impurity, the ionic constituency of plasmas is changed from ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ to nitrogen ions with a time constant ${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{*}$ given by ${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{*}P({\mathrm{N}}_{2})\ensuremath{\simeq}24$ msec $\ensuremath{\mu}$ Torr. However, those ion-molecular recombination processes are not responsible for the enhanced plasma loss in the Princeton spherator at the best vacuum condition.
A HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF INFECTIOUS CANINE HEPATITIS BY MEANS OF FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY (1953)

A study of experimental infectious canine hepatitis in dogs by means of specific fluorescent antibody indicates that the intranuclear inclusions of this disease contain high concentrations of viral antigen. The increase in virus in the nuclei, as indicated by the accumulation of specific antigenic material, begins on the nuclear membrane and spreads from there to the interior of the nucleus, with the gradual formation of larger granules. Subsequently there appear the homogeneous inclusion bodies characteristic of this infection.
Three-dimensional current flow in a large-scale model of the cochlea and the mechanism of amplification of sound (2008)

The mammalian inner ear uses its sensory hair cells to detect and amplify incoming sound. It is unclear whether cochlear amplification arises uniquely from a voltage-dependent mechanism (electromotility) associated with outer hair cells (OHCs) or whether other mechanisms are necessary, for the voltage response of OHCs is apparently attenuated excessively by the membrane electrical filter. The cochlea contains many thousands of hair cells organized in extensive arrays, embedded in an electrically coupled system of supporting cells. We have therefore constructed a multi-element, large-scale computational model of cochlear sound transduction to study the underlying potassium (K+) recirculation. We have included experimentally determined parameters of cochlear macromechanics, which govern sound transduction, and data on hair cells' electrical parameters including tonotopical variation in the membrane conductance of OHCs. In agreement with the experiment, the model predicts an exponential decay of extracellular longitudinal K+ current spread. In contrast to the predictions from isolated cells, it also predicts low attenuation of the OHC transmembrane receptor potential (-5 dB per decade) in the 0.2-30 kHz range. This suggests that OHC electromotility could be driven by the transmembrane potential. Furthermore, the OHC electromotility could serve as a single amplification mechanism over the entire hearing range.
Orotic acid transport via organic anion transporters OATs. (2008)

ピリミジン合成の中間代謝体であるオロト酸は,UTPへと転換され,RNAの合成の前駆体になるだけでなく,ウリジンニリン酸グルコース(UDP-Glc)や,UDP-N-アセチルグルコサミン(UDP-GlcNAc)などの糖ヌクレオチドの生成に利用され,基底膜コラーゲンの糖化やプロテオグリカンの生成にも利用されるため,糖尿病性腎症での腎肥大時などの病態時にも重要な役割を果している.オロト酸の取り込みは肝臓および腎臓において認められているがその取り込みの分子機序は未だ明らかではない.オロト酸はカルボキシル基を持つアニオンであることから,有機アニオントランスポーターのOATファミリー(OATs)が関与する可能性がある.そこでヒトOATsによるオロト酸輸送を検討した.ヒト有機アニオントランスポーターOATs遺伝子を安定発現したマウス近位尿細管由来S2細胞(S2-OATs)を用いて,RI標識オロト酸の取込みを比較したところ,OAT4において著明なオロト酸の細胞内取込みを確認した.そこで以後はS2-OAT4細胞を用いてその輸送特性を検討した.S2-OAT4細胞におけるオロト酸の取込みは時間依存性,そして濃度依存性に増加し,そのKmは922μMと低親和性を示した.この取込みはステロイド硫酸,プロベネシドおよびベンズブロマロンにより高度に,またオロト酸,尿酸,サリチル酸およびPAHにより軽度に抑制された.以上の結果よりOAT4はオロト酸の細胞膜輸送を担うことが示され,オロト酸はOATファミリー新たな輸送基質の一つである可能性が示唆された.今後腎臓および肝臓におけるオロト酸取込みの分子実体の解明に向けた端緒となることが期待される.
Nutrient and Sediment Discharge from Agricultural Watersheds in Oklahoma (1975)

Abstract Seven cropland watersheds and four rangeland watersheds in central Oklahoma were monitored for surface hydrology and discharge of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment over a 1 year period. Precipitation and runoff were much above normal during the study. Sediment losses from the continuously grazed rangeland watersheds ranged from 18 to 23 metric tons/ha during the study. None of the sediment losses from the other watersheds exceeded 10 metric tons/ha. Total nutrients discharged in runoff ranged from 2 to 15 kg/ha of N and 1 to 11.5 kg/ha of P. Flow‐weighted mean concentrations ranged from 1 to 6 ppm of total N, 0.2 to 1.9 ppm of nitrate‐N, 0.5 to 4.8 ppm of total P, and 0.04 to 0.9 ppm of soluble P. Runoff losses of soluble inorganic nitrogen were generally less than those quantities received in rainfall. Concentrations of soluble phosphorus in runoff from the cropland watersheds were much greater than from the rangeland watersheds. Losses of fertilizer nitrogen and phosphorus did not exceed 5% of the most recent applications, although surface runoff was 4‐ to 10‐fold greater than that observed in previous years.
The components of the sodium efflux in frog muscle (1968)

1. In normal Ringer solution containing 2.5 mM-K only 37% of the efflux of labelled sodium from a freshly dissected frog muscle is blocked by treatment with ouabain; in sodium-loaded muscles the ouabain-sensitive fraction of the efflux increases to 75%.2. Under all conditions, the ouabain-insensitive component of the sodium efflux is markedly reduced if the sodium in the external medium is replaced by lithium; at least in sodium-loaded muscles, the ouabain-sensitive component is increased in lithium Ringer.3. Only the ouabain-sensitive component of the efflux is affected by the external potassium concentration.4. In the presence of 2.5 mM-K the sodium influx in a freshly dissected muscle is not significantly altered by ouabain, but in a K-free medium the influx and the efflux are both reduced by nearly 20%.5. The sodium efflux can therefore be regarded as consisting of (1) a sodium-potassium coupled component that is blocked by ouabain and involves a sodium-sodium exchange in the absence of external potassium, and (2) a potassium-insensitive component that is unaffected by ouabain and tends to reach saturation at relatively lower internal sodium concentrations.6. The evidence is considered for attributing component (1) to an efflux of sodium from the sarcoplasm proper, and component (2) to an efflux from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Although such an interpretation is consistent with many of the observations, a definite identification of the possible sodium compartments in frog muscle cannot yet be made.
Strain Differences in Peripheral‐Nerve Regeneration in Rats (1999)

Currently, several strains of rats are used for studies of peripheral-nerve injury and repair. The purpose of this study was to determine if significant differences in regeneration between strains exist that might influence comparison of results and interpretation of scientific conclusions. One outbred (Sprague-Dawley) and four inbred stains (ACI, Wistar-Furth, Lewis, Brown-Norway) were studied. Animals were randomized to one of two experimental conditions, undergoing either posterior tibial nerve transection and repair, or Silastic conduit repair of the posterior tibial nerve (n=6/group). Endpoint evaluations at 6 and 13 weeks included histomorphometry and walking-track analysis. Evidence of excellent regeneration was noted in all rat strains undergoing primary repair. Generally, no statistically significant differences between strains were noted, regardless of endpoint evaluation used in the primary repair group. Nerve regeneration across the conduits was either poor or not present at 6 weeks, with no regeneration at all noted in any animals in the ACI and Brown-Norway groups, and regeneration in only one or two animals in the other strains. At 13 weeks, between three and five animals in each strain showed regeneration, but functional recovery was poor. Overall, few differences in peripheral-nerve recovery appear to exist between rat strains. It seems that uniform conclusions may be drawn regardless of strain used.
Sex ratios in field populations of <i>Epidinocarsis lopezi</i> , an exotic parasitoid of the cassava mealybug, in Africa (1991)

Abstract. In cassava fields in Africa, population sex ratios of Epidinocarsis fopezi vaned from 0.44 (males to total parasitoids) at low host densities to highly male‐biased ratios of 0.70 at high host densities. This variability is caused by the difference in allocation of sons and daughters to hosts of different sizes, through the following mechanisms: (a) small, i.e. second instar, hosts are mainly used for the production of male offspring, whereas in large, i.e. third instar, hosts a variable, female‐biased sex ratio is produced; (b) E.fopezi does not selectively oviposit into large hosts but always accepts both small and large hosts for oviposition upon encountering; (c) in the field, this parasitoid is time‐limited, and not egg‐limited. On the basis of an optimal diet model, such general host acceptance is shown to be the best strategy. Thus, sex ratio increases with host density for three reasons: the proportion of small hosts encountered in the field increases with increasing host density, small hosts are used for male production, and hosts are always accepted when encountered.
A new heuristic diffraction coefficient for lossy dielectric wedges at normal incidence (2002)

A new heuristic diffraction coefficient is proposed for dielectric wedges with losses. This new diffraction coefficient, based on the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD), is valid for incidence orthogonal to the edge and when losses are such that the field transmitted through the wedge can be neglected. This applicability range fits typical scenarios for urban propagation models. Our results are compared to those predicted by using the diffraction coefficients of R.J. Luebbers (see IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol.AP-32, p.70-76, 1984) and P.D. Holm (see IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol.48, p.1211-19, 2000), and the rigorous diffraction coefficient (RDC) of G.D. Maliuzhinets (see Sov. Phys. Dokl., vol.3, no.4, p.752-5, 1958). Comparisons with a diffraction coefficient derived from the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations are also presented for right angle wedges. Parallel and perpendicular field polarizations are tested. The new heuristic diffraction coefficient shows clear improvement in agreement with the RDC and the FDTD results. Moreover, the proposed diffraction coefficient is as simple to compute as Luebbers' and Holm's coefficients.
Amino-terminal arm of the repressor: a proton NMR study (1984)

The N-terminal arm of the lambda repressor is shown to be flexible in solution by one- and two-dimensional 1H NMR methods. In particular, the relaxation of Thr-2 is largely independent of macromolecular tumbling. The conformation of the operator-binding domain is not affected by the removal of the first three residues nor by a point mutation, Lys-4----Gln. These results support a proposed model of the lambda repressor-operator complex in which the N-terminal arm of the repressor is assumed to be flexible and to wrap around the operator double helix.
Image restoration techniques in super-resolution reconstruction of MRI images (2016)

Increasing the resolution of the MRI scans results in lowering the signal-to-noise ratio and/or increasing the scan time. In this paper, we improved the resolution of MRI images by obtaining a high resolution image from a sequence of low resolution images using the super-resolution reconstruction methodology. Image restoration is an important step in the reconstruction process, the final appearance and the quality of the reconstructed image depend greatly on the restoration method used. In this paper, we evaluated the performance of three restoration techniques used in the reconstruction, the first one is based on truncated singular value decomposition, the second one is based on Tikhonov regularization and the last one is based on total variation. Experiments are performed on synthetic images and real MRI brain images to verify the results obtained from the numerical simulations.
Biography: Edward William Schlag (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTBiography: Edward William SchlagEberhard Riedle, Jürgen Grotemeyer, and George AtkinsonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. A 2001, 105, 23, 5511–5513Publication Date (Web):May 12, 2001Publication History Published online12 May 2001Published inissue 1 June 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jp0111721https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0111721research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Lasers,Photoelectron spectroscopy,Students Get e-Alerts
Development of Computational Tools for Predicting the Radar Scattering from Targets on a Rough Sea Surface (2001)

Abstract : The radar scattering from 2D and 3D targets on a rough sea surface is investigated using computational techniques developed specifically for this problem. Numerical simulations and Monte Carlo studies yield insight into the scatter phenomenology. It is found that the scattering from a target on a random rough sea surface becomes more coherent as the incident field becomes more coherent, ie, for low wind speeds or low elevation angles. For the less coherent case, the average. and peak scattering levels of a target on a rough surface may be significantly higher or lower than for a flat surface, depending on the target geometry. A tilted plan model is proposed for predicting the variations in the RCS of a target on a rough sea surface by mounting the target on a locally planar surface which can tilt, similar to the two-scale composite model of ocean scattering. It is found that tilting the plane, or equivalent, rolling the target on a horizontal plane fields as much or more variation in the RCS than caused by the rough surface. However, the cross polarization introduced by the rough surface in 3D is not well predicted by the tilted plane model, nor is the unexplained behavior near the Brewster angle for vertical polarization.
Multichannel wavelength multicasting for two QPSK signals based on four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifier (2015)

In this Letter, for the first time, we experimentally demonstrate multichannel
 wavelength multicasting (MWM) for two nonreturn-to-zero quadrature phase-shift keying
 (NRZ-QPSK) channels based on four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA).
 Through the interaction with the two pumps in SOA, the input two 25 Gbps NRZ-QPSK
 channels are successfully simultaneously multicast to five and two new wavelengths,
 respectively. All the multicast channels are with a power penalty less than 2.5 dB at a
 BER of 10−3. A characterization of the system performance using conversion
 efficiency (CE) and bit error rate (BER) as figures of merit in terms of pump and signal
 power is also presented, the results indicate that the pump and signal power should be
 optimized to eliminate the introduced deleterious nonlinear components. The wavelengths
 of the two NRZ-QPSK channels and the two pumps need to be specified to avoid the
 crosstalk induced by high-order FWM.
Attenuation of Mitogen- and Stress-Activated Protein Kinase-1–Driven Nuclear Factor-κB Gene Expression by Soy Isoflavones Does Not Require Estrogenic Activity (2006)

We have analyzed in molecular detail how soy isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, and biochanin A) suppress nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-driven interleukin-6 (IL6) expression. In addition to its physiologic immune function as an acute stress cytokine, sustained elevated expression levels of IL6 promote chronic inflammatory disorders, aging frailty, and tumorigenesis. Our results in estrogen-unresponsive fibroblasts, mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase (MSK) knockout cells, and estrogen receptor (ER)-deficient breast tumor cells show that phytoestrogenic isoflavones can selectively block nuclear NF-kappaB transactivation of specific target genes (in particular IL6), independently of their estrogenic activity. This occurs via attenuation of mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK) and ERK activity, which further down-regulates MSK-dependent NF-kappaB p65 and histone H3 phosphorylation. As constitutive NF-kappaB and MSK activity are hallmarks of aggressive metastatic ER-deficient breast cancer, the MSK signaling pathway may become an attractive target for chemotherapy.
A collagen binding protein from<i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i>is part of an ABC transporter system? (1996)

The gene coding for a collagen binding protein from Lactobacillus reuteri NCIB 11951 was cloned and sequenced. A genomic lambda library was constructed and recombinant plaques were screened using antisera raised against purified collagen binding proteins from the same L. reuteri strain. The positive plaques were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis, which revealed the expression of a 29 kDa protein, which reacted with the antisera and bound 125I-labelled type I collagen. The sequence of the corresponding gene, cnb showed that the collagen binding protein has sequence similarities to the solute binding component of bacterial ABC transporters.
Hypersonic waverider configurations from the 1950's to the 1990's (1990)

The conceptual evolution of waverider configurations and their applications to hypersonic air vehicles are examined in the context of evolving mission requirements and technological advances. The fundamental objective of employing configurations which tend to maximize the payload fraction is emphasized, and the achievement of this objective over the time period of interest is reviewed, starting with high drag ballistic vehicles through low lift-drag ratio lifting bodies to the revived interest in high lift-drag ratio configurations. Practical applications of research in the area of lifting waveriders are discussed with particular reference to the B-70 Valkyrie and the Space Shuttle.
Preformed Cellular Alloreactivity Is Associated With Human Leukocyte Antigen Mismatches. (2014)

The risk of allograft dysfunction increases with increasing numbers of human leukocyte antigen mismatches (HLA-MM). Although this seems to be mediated by preformed alloreactive T-cells, the association between cellular alloreactivity and HLA mismatches and potential differences in healthy controls and hemodialysis patients prior to transplantation are poorly characterised. Therefore, a 6h flow-cytometric assay based on a mixed lymphocyte reaction from whole blood was used to analyse paired combinations of cells from 113 individuals (52 dialysis patients and 61 healthy controls) in a total of 1502 alloreactivity tests (681 from dialysis patients and 821 from controls). Respective autologous combinations served as negative control. Alloreactive CD4 and CD8 T-cell frequencies were correlated with the number of HLA mismatches (MM), age, and gender. Frequencies of alloreactive T cells were low in most individuals and median levels were higher in CD8 T cells (0.002% (IQR 0-0.008%)) than in CD4 T cells (0.001% (IQR 0-0.003%). Among the 1502 tests, a significant association was found between the frequency of alloreactive CD8 T cells and the number of HLA-A/B/C-MM (p=0.030). Likewise, alloreactive CD4 T-cell frequencies strongly associated with the number of HLA-DR-MM (p<0.0001). Of note, peak levels of alloreactive CD8 T cells increased with increasing numbers of HLA-A/B/C-MM (0MM: 0%; 1MM: 0.041%; 2MM: 2.752%; 3MM: 4.118%; 4MM: 7.001%; 5MM: 8.549%; 6MM: 6.864%) and peak CD4 T cell frequencies increased with increasing numbers of HLA-DR-MM (0MM: 0.078%; 1MM: 0.578%; 2MM: 0.780%). Dialysis patients showed higher levels of alloreactive CD4 (p=0.015) and CD8 T-cell levels (p<0.0001) as compared to controls. No association was found between the level of alloreactivity and age or gender in neither controls nor dialysis patients. In conclusion, the 6h whole blood assay allows for a rapid quantitation of preformed alloreactivity in a pre-transplant setting. Alloreactivity correlated with HLA-MM in the whole population but not on an individual level. This technical approach may be used to explore whether the presence of alloreactive T cells can serve as a more specific parameter to assess the risk of graft dysfunction as compared to HLA typing. DISCLOSURES:Sester, U.: Stockholder, Red Flag Diagnostics, Other, patent pending, patent pending. Sester, M.: Stockholder, Red Flag Diagnostics, Other, patent pending, patent pending.
Research and development on high speed railways—achievement and prospects (1983)

Abstract Expectations of continued growth in travel demand in the sixties and seventies coincided with a surge of research and development activity on high speed railways. Both steel wheel on steel rail systems and innovative non‐wheeled systems were studied during this period, though to date there is a sharp contrast between the very significant advances being made in steel wheel on steel rail systems and the almost total lack of application of innovative systems. The purpose of this paper is to review these developments against the economic and technical issues involved and to consider the prospects for future applications of high speed train technology of all kinds.