gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of electrically active defects in epitaxial layers on silicon (2016)

Electrically active defects in silicon-based epitaxial layers on silicon substrates have been studied by Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS). Several aspects have been investigated, like, the impact of the pre-epi cleaning conditions and the effect of a post-deposition anneal on the deep-level properties. It is shown that the pre-cleaning thermal budget has a strong influence on the defects at the substrate/epi layer interface. At the same time, a post-deposition Forming Gas Anneal can passivate to a large extent the active defect states. Finally, it is shown that application of a post-deposition anneal increases the out-diffusion of carbon from a Si:C stressor layer into the p-type CZ substrate.
Sickling reversed and blocked by urea in invert sugar. (1971)

Optical and electron microscopic evidence is presented to support the finding that sickling of hemoglobin S can be reversed and blocked by urea in invert sugar (UIS). Erythrocytes from subjects having hemoglobin SS, AS or AA were treated with the UIS either before or after deoxygenation with Na(2)S(2)O(5). Light microscopic studies indicated that approximately one-fifth as much urea is required to block sickling as is necessary to reverse sickled poikilocytes to normal forms. Intracellular microfilaments apparent in transmission electron micrographs of sickled erythrocytes were eliminated by treating aliquots of the same deoxygenated erythrocytes with UIS. Scanning electron micrographs showed a reversion of sickled poikilocytes to a normal erythrocyte population of biconcave discs. The use of UIS was deduced from Murayama's hypothesis that the molecular mechanism of sickling clearly involves hydrophobic bonds formed between the number-6 valine substitution of the beta-chain S globins and the alpha-chain globins of interacting hemoglobin molecules. The use of UIS to arrest the formation of such hydrophobic bonds is advocated as an evident and effective therapeutic strategy to treat sickle cell crisis.
The maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) <i>desynaptic</i> (<i>dy</i>) mutation defines a pathway for meiotic chromosome segregation, linking nuclear morphology, telomere distribution and synapsis (2012)

Meiosis involves a dramatic reorganization of the genetic material, along with changes in the architecture of the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. In the opisthokonts, nuclear envelope and meiotic chromosome behavior are coordinated by forces generated in the cytoplasm and transferred to the nucleus by the nuclear-envelope protein linkers SUN and KASH. During meiotic prophase I, the telomere bouquet arrangement has roles in interhomolog recognition, pairing, synapsis, interlock resolution and homologous chromosome recombination. The maize desynaptic (dy) mutant is defective in homologous chromosome synapsis, recombination, telomere-nuclear envelope interactions and chromosome segregation. A detailed three-dimensional cytological analysis of dy revealed telomere misplacement during the bouquet stage, synaptic irregularities, nuclear envelope distortion and chromosome bridges at anaphase I. Using linkage and B-A translocation mapping, we placed dy on the long arm of chromosome 3, genetic bin 3.06. SSR marker analysis narrowed the mapping interval to 9 cM. Candidate genes in this region include a PM3-type SUN domain protein, ZmSUN3. No obvious genetic lesions were found in the ZmSUN3 allele of dy, but a conspicuous splice variant, ZmSUN3-sv1, was observed in mRNA from dy. The variant message is predicted to result in the synthesis of a truncated ZmSUN3 protein lacking two C-terminal transmembrane domains. Other potential candidate genes relevant to the documented phenotypes were also considered. In summary, this study reveals that dy causes disruption of a central meiotic pathway connecting nuclear envelope integrity to telomere localization and synapsis during meiotic prophase.
Fatigue and Stimulant Use in Military Fighter Aircrew During Combat Operations (2010)

In-flight stimulants decrease fatigue during combat operations without significant postflight symptoms. During combat, stimulants were used earlier, at lower doses, and on shorter sorties than previously thought. The factors associated with stimulant use are potentially modifiable by improving training and aircrew scheduling practices. Furthermore, current policies authorizing stimulant use, based primarily on sortie duration, should also consider hypnotic use, inconsistent aircrew scheduling, and circadian disruption.
Averaging and control of wave propagation in rapidly varying media (2001)

An averaging approach to solving hyperbolic partial differential equations with rapidly oscillating characteristic curves is presented. These equations describe a general case of wave propagation through rapidly varying media, where the variations are periodic with high frequency and could be spatial as well as temporal. In addition, we solve the problem of controlling rapidly oscillating characteristic curves of the system. In an averaged sense, we lay a basis for controlling the corresponding medium and wave propagation through that medium.
Central Nervous System Manifestations of Childhood Shigellosis: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcome (1999)

During this 1-year study, 83 402 persons with diarrhea came to the Treatment Centre for care, and 6290 patients were admitted to the inpatient unit. Shigella was isolated from a stool or rectal swab sample of 863 (13.7%) of the inpatients. Seventy-one (8%) of the inpatients with shigellosis were >/=15 years old; 61 (86%) were conscious; 10 (14%) were unconscious; none had either a documented seizure or a seizure by history during this illness. Seven hundred ninety-two patients were <15 years old (92%); 654 (83%) were conscious; 73 (9%) were unconscious; 41 (5%) had a documented seizure (compared with >/=15-year age group); 24 (3%) had a seizure by history during this illness. Of the 41 patients with documented seizures, 19 (46.3%) had a seizure at the time of admission, and 22 (53.7%) had a seizure after admission. Twenty-five (61.0%) of the 41 patients with documented seizures were reported to have a seizure during this illness before coming to the Treatment Centre. Clinical features that are known to cause altered consciousness-fever, severe dehydration, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, or meningitis-were present in 38 (92.7%) of the 41 patients in whom a seizure was witnessed and in 67 (91.8%) of the 73 patients who were unconscious. Nineteen (46. 3%) of the patients who had a seizure documented had two of these five features, 4 (9.8%) had three, and 1 (2. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
A Pattern-Oriented Approach to Enhance Context Infrastructures (2006)

A plethora of context infrastructures have been developed to support the deployment of context-aware systems. Unfortunately, it is not easy to re-use the design principles adopted in a certain context infrastructure in order to leverage some characteristics of another one, as such principles are often hidden into the infrastructure and not independently explicated. The aim of this work is to propose a methodology to develop a pattern language for context-infrastructures and promote the re-usability of proved techniques to support context-awareness. We describe the proposed methodology with respect to a specific requirement, that is to ensure the interoperability among context-sensitive entities. We specifically define a design pattern to reach this goal, namely the Context Matcher pattern, and we show how to apply such pattern to an existing infrastructure in order to leverage its interoperability.
Gold‐Catalyzed Annulations of 2‐Alkynyl Benzaldehydes with Vinyl Ethers: Synthesis of Dihydronaphthalene, Isochromene, and Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane Derivatives (2013)

With the suitable selection of a gold catalyst as well as the appropriate control of the reaction conditions, various new gold-catalyzed cyclizations of 2-alkynyl benzaldehyde with acyclic or cyclic vinyl ethers have been developed. Acetal-tethered dihydronaphthalene and isochromenes were obtained from the reactions of 2-alkynyl benzaldehydes with acyclic vinyl ethers under mild conditions. And, more interestingly, the gold-catalyzed reactions of 2-alkynyl benzaldehyde with a cyclic vinyl ether afforded the bicyclo[2.2.2]octane derivative involving two molecules of cyclic vinyl ethers. These products contain interesting substructures that have been found in many biologically active molecules and natural products. In addition, a gold-catalyzed homo-dimerization of 2-phenylethynyl benzaldehyde 1a was observed when the reaction was carried out in the absence of vinyl ether, affording a set of separable diastereomeric products. Plausible mechanisms for these transformations are discussed; a gold-containing benzopyrylium was regarded as the crucial intermediate by which a number of these new transformations took place.
Comments on, "A note on the computational complexity of the arithmetic Fourier transform" by N. Tepedelenlioglu (1989)

The commenter states that, because of the use of Farey sequences the result stated by N. Tepedelenlioglu (ibid., vol.37, no.7, p.1146-7, 1989) becomes a statement about D/sub N/, the number of elements in a Farey sequence of order N. Tepedelenlioglu's formula is then equivalent to a formula about Farey sequences given by M.R. Schroder (1986) C.M. Rader (1977). Thus, for example, while a standard FTT algorithm requires 1024 samples to yield 1024 spectral components, AFT would take more than 300000 samples to do the same job.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Novel Superconducting Tunneling Structures (1990)

Contains a description of one research project.
FATE AND TRANSPORT OF METALS IN A NATURAL WETLAND RECEIVING MINE DRAINAGE (1999)

The Forest Queen Wetland, adjacent to the Animas River near Silverton, Colorado receives acid mine drainage from the adit of the Forest Queen Mine. Because the pH of the mine drainage averages between 3 and 5 and the iron concentration averages 18 mg/L, it was thought that the wetland would naturally treat the water. One of the important contaminants to be treated is zinc which averages 0.60 mg/L in the adit water, while the aquatic criterion is 0.50 mg/L. In the study that was undertaken to determine whether metal removal was occurring, considerable effort was made to link the water and soil chemistry with the wetland hydrology. there are at least two water systems influencing the wetland; the mine drainage across the surface and ground water from the adjacent slope that typically grows under the wetland. These two are, for the most part, separated from each other by a layer of peat that is of low hydraulic conductivity and is over 1.8 meters deep in places. Because of the separated hydrologic systems, the Fe and Al is removed from the adit effluent when it flows across the surface. However, because the pH does not exceed 6.5 for the most part,more » Zn is not removed.« less
A Reconfigurable High-Frequency Phase-Locked Loop (2004)

Reconfigurable phase-locked loops (PLLs) present the advantage of fast-frequency acquisition combined with narrow-noise bandwidth, since their parameters can be dynamically adjusted. High-frequency PLLs are generally implemented by means of analog circuits which are not easily reconfigured during operation. However, the five-port technique allows the discrimination of the phase difference between two microwave signals using a mixed circuit. In this paper the design of a PLL comprising a five-port based phase detector is presented. This system benefits from the phase-detector digital circuit to carry out the loop filtering. Simulation results for different conditions of noise and frequency acquisition are shown. We also present measurement results to confirm the simulations.
Impaired phagocytosis and opsonisation towards group B streptococci in preterm neonates (1998)

PMNL function and opsonic capacity are significantly impaired in neonates and correlate with maturation of the newborn child. The combined defect in cellular and humoral defences in preterm neonates may contribute to their increased susceptibility to GBS infection. Growth conditions for GBS, simulating different in vivo environments, greatly affect capsule expression and resistance to phagocytosis.
Probiotic Dose-Response and Strain Number (2020)

The probiotics definition stipulates the administration of an ‘adequate amount’ in order to obtain a health benefit. However, probiotic dose is not only relevant for efficacy; it is potentially also relevant from a safety perspective. Furthermore, there is the topic of number of strains included in a probiotic product. Products can be single-strain or multi-strain probiotics. The probiotic definition does not treat these two categories different, but a relevant question is whether there is a difference in their efficacy. For antibiotic associated diarrhoea there is ample evidence from specific dose-response studies and meta-analyses that higher doses provide a greater benefit. This could relate to the, convincingly documented increased faecal colonisation with higher doses. For other health benefits, the picture is less clear. This does not necessarily mean a dose-response does not exist; rather the current data is insufficient to draw conclusions. Likewise, for number of strains it appears difficult to draw a clear conclusion; there are too few studies that have compared single versus multi-strain products. For both dose-response and strain number, further studies would be necessary before conclusions can be drawn. As a short-term solution, sub-group analyses of dose and number of strain in meta-analyses could provide an indication.
Imaging by forward propagating the data: theory and application (2013)

ABSTRACT The forward (modelled) wavefield for conventional reverse time migration (RTM) is computed by extrapolating the wavefield from an estimated source wavelet. In the typical case of a smooth subsurface velocity, this wavefield lacks the components, including surface reflections, necessary to image multiples in the observed data. We, instead, introduce the concept of forward propagating the recorded data, including direct arrivals, as part of RTM. We analyse the influence of the main components of the data on the imaging process, which include direct arrivals, primaries and surface‐related multiples. In our RTM methodology, this implies correlating the forward extrapolated recorded data wavefield with its reversely extrapolated version prior to applying the zero‐lag cross‐correlation imaging condition. The interaction of the data components with each other in the cross‐correlation process will image primaries and multiples, as well as introduce cross‐talk artefact terms. However, some of these artefacts are present in conventional RTM implementation and they tend to be relatively weak. In fact, for the surface seismic experiment, forward propagating the direct arrivals is almost equivalent to forward propagating a source and it tends to contribute the majority of the data imaging energy. In addition, primaries and multiples recorded in the data become multiples of one higher order. Forward propagating the recorded data to recreate the source will relieve us from the requirement of estimating the source function. It will also include near‐surface information necessary to improve the image in areas with near‐surface complexity. Data from a simple synthetic layered model, as well as the Marmousi model, are used to demonstrate some of these features.
Effective Schottky Barrier Height Lowering of Metal/n-Ge with a TiO<sub>2</sub>/GeO<sub>2</sub> Interlayer Stack (2016)

A perfect ohmic contact formation technique for low-resistance source/drain (S/D) contact of germanium (Ge) n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) is developed. A metal-interlayer-semiconductor (M-I-S) structure with an ultrathin TiO<sub>2</sub>/GeO<sub>2</sub> interlayer stack is introduced into the contact scheme to alleviate Fermi-level pinning (FLP), and reduce the electron Schottky barrier height (SBH). The TiO<sub>2</sub> interlayer can alleviate FLP by preventing formation of metal-induced gap states (MIGS) with its very low tunneling resistance and series resistance and can provide very small electron energy barrier at the metal/TiO<sub>2</sub> interface. The GeO<sub>2</sub> layer can induce further alleviation of FLP by reducing interface state density (D<sub>it</sub>) on Ge which is one of main causes of FLP. Moreover, the proposed TiO<sub>2</sub>/GeO<sub>2</sub> stack can minimize interface dipole formation which induces the SBH increase. The M-I-S structure incorporating the TiO<sub>2</sub>/GeO<sub>2</sub> interlayer stack achieves a perfect ohmic characteristic, which has proved unattainable with a single interlayer. FLP can be perfectly alleviated, and the SBH of the metal/n-Ge can be tremendously reduced. The proposed structure (Ti/TiO<sub>2</sub>/GeO<sub>2</sub>/n-Ge) exhibits 0.193 eV of effective electron SBH which achieves 0.36 eV of SBH reduction from that of the Ti/n-Ge structure. The proposed M-I-S structure can be suggested as a promising S/D contact technique for nanoscale Ge n-channel transistors to overcome the large electron SBH problem caused by severe FLP.
Physical Activity and Global Self-worth in a Longitudinal Study of Children (2017)

Purpose Physical activity is associated with an array of physical and mental health benefits among children and adolescents. The development of self-worth/self-esteem has been proposed as a mechanism to explain the mental health benefits derived from physical activity. Despite several studies that have analyzed the association between physical activity and self-worth, the results have been inconsistent. It is also uncertain how related physical health measures, such as sedentary behavior, body composition, and fitness, influence the relationship between physical activity and self-worth over time. In the present study, we 1) analyzed if the association between physical activity and self-worth remained constant over time and whether this relationship varied by sex and 2) investigated if changes in body composition and fitness level mediated the relationship between physical activity and self-worth. Methods Data from the Physical Health Activity Study Team were used for this analysis. The Physical Health Activity Study Team is a prospective cohort study that included 2278 children at baseline (ages 9–10 yr) and included eight follow-up contacts for a 4-yr study period. Linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate global self-worth (GSW) over follow-up. Results Increased physical activity was associated with greater GSW across all waves of data collection, and this relationship did not vary significantly over time or between sexes. Aerobic fitness was positively associated with GSW, whereas body mass index (BMI) was inversely related to GSW. Both aerobic fitness and BMI appeared to mediate the association between physical activity and GSW. Sedentary behavior was not significantly associated with GSW. Conclusion Physical activity is associated with greater GSW, and this relationship appears to be mediated by BMI and aerobic fitness. These findings reinforce the importance of physical behaviors and physical characteristics in shaping GSW in children.
Experimental and Computational Studies of Temperature Gradient–Driven Molecular Transport in Gas Flows through Nano/Microscale Channels (2007)

Studies at the University of Southern California have shown that an unconventional solid-state device, the Knudsen compressor, can be operated as a microscale pump or compressor. The critical components of Knudsen compressors are gas transport membranes, which can be formed from porous materials or densely packed parallel arrays of channels. An applied temperature gradient across a transport membrane creates a thermal creep pumping action. Experimental and computational techniques that have been developed for the investigations will be discussed. Experimental studies of membranes formed from machined aerogels, activated by radiant heating, have been used to investigate thermal creep flows. In computational studies, several approaches have been employed: the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method and discrete ordinate solutions of the ellipsoidal statistical (ES) and Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) kinetic models. Beyond the study of Knudsen compressor performance, techniques discussed in this article could be used to characterize the properties of gas flows in nano/microscale channels.
A prospective trial of steroid therapy in severe viral hepatitis (1981)

Abstract A prospective, double-blinded, randomized trial of corticosteroid therapy in patients with severe acute viral hepatitis has been conducted. At the same time, we have examined the prognostic significance of the presence of bridging necrosis in liver biopsies obtained from such patients as well as the predictive value of certain serologic markers. Forty-two of the 77 patients admitted to the trial were shown to have bridging necrosis on their initial biopsies. Two patients progressed to death with massive hepatic necrosis, while 5 patients developed chronic liver disease. A complicated course could not be predicted by the initial biopsy findings nor by any of the serologic markers assessed. We could not identify any clinical or epidemiologic features with prognostic impact. No advantage was demonstrated to be associated with the use of corticosteroids early in the course of severe viral hepatitis.
The Effect of Surgical Glove Powder on Proliferation of Human Skin Fibroblast and Monocyte/Macrophage (1994)

The effect of surgical glove powders (Biosorb, Keoflo, and CaCO3) and Hydrocote (powder-free lubricating agent, Biogel) was examined on human skin fibroblasts and monocyte/macrophage cell lines (U937 and HL-60). Glove powders (0.1-100 micrograms/ml) in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) had no significant effect on the rate of 3H-thymidine uptake and proliferation of these cells after 48 h and 7 days of exposure, respectively. However, they inhibited HL-60 growth after 10 days, and Biosorb and CaCO3 inhibited U937 after 10-21 days of exposure compared with control. In the presence of low serum (0.5%), Biosorb, but not Keoflo, CaCO3, and Hydrocote, inhibited HL-60 cells after the third day of exposure (p < 0.05), whereas they were without any effect on U937 cells. Further incubation resulted in a significant decrease in cell density in all treatments, as well as controls, because of cell death. In the presence of 2% serum, glove powder-treated HL-60 significantly increased in cell numbers during the first 3 days, and the cells became stationary thereafter, whereas Keoflo and CaCO3-stimulated U937 reached a maximal by 9 days of treatment. Coculturing of fibroblasts directly with macrophages (0.4-5 x 10(5) cells per dish) or incubation with macrophage culture-conditioned media (CCM) stimulated quiescent fibroblast growth equal to that induced by 10% and 0.5% serum, respectively (p < 0.05). However, incubation of fibroblasts with glove powder-treated HL-60 CCM (except CaCO3) inhibited (p < 0.05) and CCM from Biosorb-treated U937 stimulated (p < 0.05) fibroblast proliferation. The CCM from glove powder-treated HL-60 and U937 did not have any significant effect on the rate of 3H-thymidine incorporation into fibroblasts compared with controls. The present observations suggest that glove powder action on fibroblast and macrophage growth in vitro depends on both the serum concentration of the culture medium and the length of exposure. The results imply that glove powders may have an adverse effect in vivo by directly influencing the biologic activity of macrophages, as well as other cell types, leading to alterations in the early phases of wound healing.