gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of Irreversible Protein Aggregation:  Analysis of Extended Lumry−Eyring Models and Implications for Predicting Protein Shelf Life (2003)

A general phenomenological kinetic model of irreversible protein aggregation in aqueous solution proceeding via non-native conformations is examined with a view toward the development of techniques to predict in vitro protein shelf life quantitatively. Approximate analytical solutions are derived for interpreting experimental data and agree with explicit numerical simulations over a broad range of physically relevant conditions. Results are presented in terms of the observed kinetics of monomer loss to provide a basis for direct comparison with typical experimental measures of aggregation as well as to provide a basis for quantitative prediction of protein shelf life. Similar to classic Lumry−Eyring models, experimentally observed aggregation kinetics are described as a combination of reversible conformational transitions and the intrinsic kinetics of aggregation via non-native states. However, in contrast to classic models, the extended Lumry−Eyring model developed here includes a detailed description of the intrinsic aggregation kinetics. The results indicate that apparent or observed aggregation kinetics can be grouped into one of four qualitatively distinct classes on the basis of their apparent reaction orders with respect to monomer concentration, each of which may be realized in practice depending on the experimental conditions and the relative rates of the intrinsic aggregation steps for the protein in question. The results also provide a basis for predicting shelf life by extrapolating high-temperature (“accelerated”) aggregation kinetics to lower-temperature, long-term storage conditions. Illustrations are given within the context of a model pharmaceutical protein for which sufficient data are available. Generalizations to systems with more complex conformational transitions are discussed briefly.
Analysis of a solar-assisted ejector cooling system for air conditioning (2009)

Ejector refrigeration is one of the most promising technologies because of its relative simplicity and low initial cost. In this work, a theoretical study has been carried out to assess system and refrigeration efficiencies of a solar-assisted ejector cycle using water as the operating fluid. The model was based on a 1D ejector approach, including both the refrigeration and solar collector cycles. Ejector performance was evaluated for different operating conditions. The results indicated that in order to achieve an acceptable coefficient of performance, generator temperatures should not fall below 90°C. Evaporator temperatures below 10°C and condenser temperatures over 35°C resulted in a significant drop in system efficiency, and therefore these conditions can be identified as minimal (reference) design values. The required solar collector area to provide 5 kW of cooling power was calculated for different operating conditions. Ejector dimensions were also calculated using the constant pressure mixing ejector theory.
The Coherent Circle Hough Transform (1993)

We introduce a novel formulation of the Circle Hough Transform that we call the Coherent Circle Hough Transform. The technique uses phase to code for radii of circles. The usual simplifications of the Circle Hough Transform (CHT) are used in which lines pointing away from edge points are plotted rather than circles. Intersections of these accumulate edge magnitude, or edge energy, near the centres of circles. We introduce the use of a complex accumulator space and allow each spoke to vary in phase along its length. The spokes are in phase near the centre of circles and out of phase elsewhere. The spokes generated by noise are in random phase and destructively interfere. We present results for an isolated circle with additive white Gaussian noise for both the conventional Energy CHT and the new Coherent CHT. The results demonstrate that the technique reduces the mean and variance of the background level in the accumulator array, that the peak to background level improves, and that the peak width is reduced improving localisation of circle centres.
Bioactive peptides from marine processing waste and shellfish: A review (2011)

Marine organisms such as fish and shellfish are rich sources of structurally diverse bioactive nitrogenous components. Based on emerging evidence of potential health benefits, these components show significant promise as functional food ingredients. Activities including antihypertensive, antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-coagulant, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, immunostimulatory, calcium-binding, hypocholesteremic and appetite suppression have been reported. Fish and shellfish waste components contain significant levels of high quality protein (10–23% (w/w)) which represents a source for biofunctional peptide mining. This review summarises the protein-derived bioactive peptides identified in marine processing waste, molluscs and crustaceans. Moreover, it highlights the potential of proteins derived from these marine organisms as substrates for the generation of biofunctional peptides. It outlines current technologies used in the production, fractionation and purification of marine protein-derived peptides and lists some commercially available products containing marine derived bioactive protein hydrolysates and peptides. Finally, bioactive proteins, non-protein peptides and amino acids found in fish and shellfish are briefly discussed.
Overcoming tumor multidrug resistance using drugs able to evade P‐glycoprotein or to exploit its expression (2011)

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to the effective treatment of cancer. Cellular overproduction of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which acts as an efflux pump for various anticancer drugs (e.g. anthracyclines, Vinca alkaloids, taxanes, epipodophyllotoxins, and some of the newer antitumor drugs) is one of the more relevant mechanisms underlying MDR. P-gp belongs to the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette transporters and is encoded by the ABCB1 gene. Its overexpression in cancer cells has become a therapeutic target for circumventing MDR. As an alternative to the classical pharmacological strategy of the coadministration of pump inhibitors and cytotoxic substrates of P-gp and to other approaches applied in experimental tumor models (e.g. P-gp-targeting antibodies, ABCB1 gene silencing strategies, and transcriptional modulators) and in the clinical setting (e.g. incapsulation of P-gp substrate anticancer drugs into liposomes or nanoparticles), a more intriguing strategy for circumventing MDR is represented by the development of new anticancer drugs which are not substrates of P-gp (e.g. epothilones, second- and third-generation taxanes and other microtubule modulators, topoisomerase inhibitors). Some of these drugs have already been tested in clinical trials and, in most of cases, show relevant activity in patients previously treated with anticancer agents which are substrates of P-gp. Of these drugs, ixabepilone, an epothilone, was approved in the United States for the treatment of breast cancer patients pretreated with an anthracycline and a taxane. Another innovative approach is the use of molecules whose activity takes advantage of the overexpression of P-gp. The possibility of overcoming MDR using the latter two approaches is reviewed herein.
Multivalent Binding of the ETO Corepressor to E Proteins Facilitates Dual Repression Controls Targeting Chromatin and the Basal Transcription Machinery (2009)

E proteins are a family of helix-loop-helix transcription factors that play important roles in cell differentiation and homeostasis. They contain at least two activation domains, AD1 and AD2. ETO family proteins and the leukemogenic AML1-ETO fusion protein are corepressors of E proteins. It is thought that ETO represses E-protein activity by interacting with AD1, which competes away p300/CBP histone acetyltransferases. Here we report that E proteins contain another conserved ETO-interacting region, termed DES, and that differential associations with AD1 and DES allow ETO to repress transcription through both chromatin-dependent and chromatin-independent mechanisms. At the chromatin level, AD1 and AD2 cooperatively recruit p300. ETO interacts with AD1 to abolish p300 recruitment and to allow HDAC-dependent silencing. At the post-chromatin-remodeling level, binding to DES enables ETO to directly inhibit activation of the basal transcription machinery. This novel repression mechanism is conserved in ETO family proteins and in the AML1-ETO fusion protein. In addition, the repression capacity exerted by each mechanism is differentially modulated by cross talk among various ETO domains and the AML1 domain of AML1-ETO. In particular, the oligomerization domain of ETO plays a major role in targeting ETO to the DES region and independently potentiates the TAFH domain-mediated AD1 interaction. The ability to exert repression at different levels not only may allow these corepressors to impose robust inhibition of signal-independent transcription but may also allow a rapid response to signals. In addition, our newly defined domain interactions and their interplays have important implications in effectively targeting both E-protein fusion proteins and AML1-ETO found in cancers.
ADRIAMYCIN EXTRAVASATION (1978)

Adriamycin extravasation creates a severe tissue necrosis which is unusual, because it may not appear until several weeks later, and may continue to worsen for several months. As soon as the progressive nature of the tissue necrosis is established, we recommend that an early wide excision be performed in an attempt to remove the necrotic area and the surrounding tissues containing the extravasated drugs--before it has had an opportunity to diffuse even further. Adequate debridement requires removal of any adjacent tissue that is indurated, reddened, edematous, or pale. Skin grafts take poorly if there are small amounts of Adriamycin left in the tissue of the recipient site. Synergistic effects with radiotherapy, and continued systemic Adriamycin therapy, can aggravate or recall necrosis. The administration of more dilute solutions of Adriamycin may decrease the hazard of extravasation necrosis.
Coronary Heart Disease (2004)

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most important cause of death and the single biggest cause of premature death in modern industrialized countries (Lorimer, 1997). It accounts for up to 28 per cent of all deaths in the United Kingdom (UK) (Office of Health Economics, 1992). A government action plan for tackling poor health and improving health specifically highlights the need to reduce the death rate from CHD (Department of Health [DOH], 1999). Several modifiable risk factors for CHD are well-recognized and healthcare professionals have an important role to play in its prevention, as well as, the diagnosis and management of the disorder (Lindsay and Gaw, 1997). The National Service Framework for CHD (DOH, 2000) reaffirms the government's eagerness to tackle the problem. The purpose of the framework is to transform the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of CHD. It is viewed as a means of helping professionals to give better, fairer and faster care everywhere. It is quite important that prevention is seen as a significant measure to be adopted (standards three and four) if heart disease is to be reduced in the population as a whole (standards one and two).KeywordsCoronary ArteryMyocardial InfarctionCoronary Heart DiseaseCoronary Artery Bypass GraftUnited Kingdom Prospective Diabetes StudyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Induced dedifferentiation: A possible alternative to embryonic stem cell transplants (2002)

Induction of local tissue regeneration in the human would best be accomplished if the patient's own cells at the desired site could be caused to dedifferentiate into the required embryonic stem cells. A system involving the electrical iontophoretic introduction of free silver ions into human wounds for their antibiotic effect has been in clinical use since 1975. In addition to a major antibiotic effect, the technique was found to produce the regeneration of all local tissues, apparently by stimulating dedifferentiation of mature human cells. More recently the use of a newly developed silvered nylon fabric has been found to have similar results without the need for electrical parameters. The results of a preliminary laboratory and clinical study of this material are presented.
Irradiation Promotes an M2 Macrophage Phenotype in Tumor Hypoxia (2012)

Macrophages display different phenotypes with distinct functions and can rapidly respond to environmental changes. Previous studies on TRAMP-C1 tumor model have shown that irradiation has a strong impact on tumor microenvironments. The major changes include the decrease of microvascular density, the increase of avascular hypoxia, and the aggregation of tumor-associated macrophages in avascular hypoxic regions. Similar changes were observed no matter the irradiation was given to tissue bed before tumor implantation (pre-IR tumors), or to established tumors (IR tumors). Recent results on three murine tumors, TRAMP-C1 prostate adenocarcinoma, ALTS1C1 astrocytoma, and GL261 glioma, further demonstrate that different phenotypes of inflammatory cells are spatially distributed into different microenvironments in both IR and pre-IR tumors. Regions with avascular hypoxia and central necrosis have CD11b(high)/Gr-1+ neutrophils in the center of the necrotic area. Next to them are CD11b(low)/F4/80+ macrophages that sit at the junctions between central necrotic and surrounding hypoxic regions. The majority of cells in the hypoxic regions are CD11b(low)/CD68+ macrophages. These inflammatory cell populations express different levels of Arg I. This distribution pattern, except for neutrophils, is not observed in tumors receiving chemotherapy or an anti-angiogenesis agent which also lead to avascular hypoxia. This unique distribution pattern of inflammatory cells in IR tumor sites is interfered with by targeting the expression of a chemokine protein, SDF-1α, by tumor cells, and this also increases radiation-induced tumor growth delay. This indicates that irradiated-hypoxia tissues have distinct tumor microenvironments that favor the development of M2 macrophages and that is affected by the levels of tumor-secreted SDF-1α.
Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming (2020)

The open access XP 2020 proceedings deal with agile processes in software engineering and extreme programming in general. This year they focus on topics such as agile adoption; agile practices; large-scale agile; the business of agile; and agile and testing.
Performance model for a prioritized multiple-bus multiprocessor system (2002)

The performance of a shared memory multiprocessor system with a multiple-bus interconnection network is studied in this paper. The effect of bus and memory contention is modeled. An analytical model to evaluate the acceptance probability of each processor in such a system is presented. It is assumed that each processor in the system has a distinct priority assigned to it and that arbitration is based on priority. Whenever a request from a processor is rejected due to bus or memory conflicts, the request is resubmitted until granted. Effective memory bandwidth of the system is calculated based on acceptance probability. The accuracy of the analytical model is verified based on simulation results. Results from the model are compared against other models previously reported in literature. It is observed that the inaccuracy of the model measured in terms of error from simulation results is less than errors in previously reported studies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Autoantibodies against AT1-Receptor and .ALPHA.1-Adrenergic Receptor in Patients with Hypertension. (2002)

This study will explore the autoantibodies against AT1-receptor and alpha1-adrenergic receptor in patients with hypertension. Forty normotensives and 194 patients with hypertension were recruited for participation in this study. All patients accepted systemic combination drug treatment for antihypertension. According to the treatment results and the definition of refractory hypertension, the patients were divided into two groups: a refractory hypertension group and a non-refractory hypertension group. The epitope of the 2nd extracellular loop of type 1 angiotensin (AT1) receptor and alpha1-adrenergic receptor were synthesized and used as antigens to screen the autoantibodies against AT1-receptor and alpha1-adrenergic receptor by ELISA. The plasma renin activity and concentration of angiotensin II and catecholamine were also examined. The positive rates of the autoantibodies against AT1-receptor and alpha1-adrenergic receptor in patients with hypertension, 26.8% (52/194) and 25.3% (49/194), respectively, were higher than those in normotensives (7.5% and 5%)(p < 0.01). Further investigation showed that the frequencies of the autoantibodies against AT1-receptor and alpha1-adrenergic receptor in patients with refractory hypertension, 42.9% (42/98) and 36.7% (36/98), respectively, were higher than those in patients with non-refractory hypertension under systematic treatment (10.4% and 13.5%)(p < 0.01). The levels of circulating angiotensin II, catecholamine, proteinuria and serum creatine were also higher in the refractory hypertension group than in the non-refractory hypertension group. The findings showed that the frequencies of autoantibodies against AT1-receptor and alpha1-adrenergic receptor were higher in patients with hypertension, particularly in those with refractory hypertension, and that these autoantibodies might play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
A simple method for calculating vehicle density in traffic images (2010)

Calculating of vehicles density in traffic images is a challenging research topic as it has to directly deal with hostile but realistic conditions on the road, such as uncontrolled illuminations, cast shadows, and visual occlusion. Yet, the outcome of being able to accurately count and resolve vehicles under such conditions has tremendous benefit to traffic surveillance. Accurate vehicle count enables the extraction of important traffic information such as congestion level and lane occupancy. There are different methods for vehicles counting from traffic images that emphasize on the accuracy, but most of them suffer from long time process and computational complexity, so they can't be used in real-time condition. This paper proposed a novel simple method for traffic density calculation in multiple vehicle occlusions based on counting object pixels and assigning a distance index to each region of image that concentrates on time and computational complexity and has tolerable accuracy in traffic density calculation. Suppose that the occluded vehicles are segmented from the road background by previously proposed vehicle segmentation method. The proposed method has been tested on real-world monocular traffic images with multiple vehicle occlusions. The experimental results show that the proposed method can provide real-time and useful information for traffic surveillance.
CeO2–Al2O3, CeO2–SiO2, CeO2–TiO2 core-shell spheres: formation mechanisms and UV absorption (2012)

In this work, a general colloid synthesis method for CeO2–Al2O3, CeO2–SiO2, and CeO2–TiO2 core-shell spheres was reported. The properties of these CeO2-based composites were greatly dependent on the additive species. A diffusion-controlled kinetic model was applied to explore the morphology and crystallinity evolution of these core-shell spheres. CeO2–Al2O3 spheres undergo a significant morphology evolution when the Ce/Al molar ratio is varied from 1 : 0.2 to 1 : 1. It also provided an effective way to observe the diffusion channel for mass transport in the diffusion process by dissolving the Al2O3 in CeO2–Al2O3 spheres in alkaline solution. Moreover, a significant composition and structure dependent nature was observed from the UV-vis absorption spectra of these CeO2–Al2O3, CeO2–SiO2, and CeO2–TiO2 core-shell spheres.
Applying visual programming to robotics (2002)

A visual robot programming environment called PROVIDE (programming robots by visual dialogue) is described. PROVIDE offers much of the flexibility and intuitive feel of programming by visual demonstration without requiring complex scene analysis of task planning: complex scene analysis is short-circuited by having most of the demonstration performed not in the real world but within the digitized images seen by the robot's vision system. The programmer/teacher indicates directly in the digitized images robot actions, constituent parts, grip-points, relative orientations, approach routes, insertion-axes, etc. Learning the visual sensing needed to perform the taught task is an integral part of this demonstration. The contrast between this and pure visual demonstration is illustrated. Complex task planning is avoided by providing an environment which enables human problem-solving skills to support, at a high-level, the robots understanding and execution of a task.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The effect of felodipine on ventricular fibrillation after coronary artery ligation in the anaesthetized pig (1983)

A 10 min ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in anaesthetized pigs resulted in ventricular fibrillation (VF) in 70% of control and propranololtreated animals. Felodipine (10 nmol kg −1 ) not only reduced ventricular ectopic activity by 90%, but also completely abolished VF. When a second occlusion was applied after 20 min of reperfusion, felodipine was less effective against VF, possibly due to decreasing felodipine concentrations or only a transient increase in VF threshold.
Flight investigation at Mach numbers from 0.8 to 1.4 to determine the zero-lift drag of wings with 'M' and 'W' plan forms (1950)

Report presenting testing of the zero-lift drag of two wings, one with 45 degree sweepforward of the inboard panel and 45 degree sweepback of the outboard panel ("M" wing) and the other with a reverse sweep ("W" wing) at a range of Mach numbers. Both wings were found to have greater drag than a sweptback wing and less drag than a rectangular wing at transonic speeds. The differences were reduced at Mach numbers above 1.25.
science data visualization tools for the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer ground data system (2002)

The Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) instrument seeks to analyze the chemical composition of the atmosphere based on the emission, absorption, and transmission of infrared radiation. Meeting the scientific objectives requires demanding analysis of the data being collected and processed. Visualization tools will assist in the understanding of the data and of the effects of the various types of processing being performed. The TES visualization tools are designed to verify correct functioning; of the instrument, provide early detection of potential problems, and report on the quality and validity of the science data for drawing scientific conclusions. Visualization displays include the Level III tools for displaying the end result of all the processing, merged and georeferenced for display relative to maps or global images, and displays for characterizing the behavior of the science processing algorithms and exploring the effects of implementation decisions. Displays of interest include plots of spectra and profiles, animations showing variations in the data along spatial or temporal axes, and results of various operations on the data. Together, these tools provide a visualization suite for more rapidly analyzing the science results of the TES instrument and detecting and identifying problems in the instrument or processing system.