gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Slipping cane and crutch tips. Part I--static performance of current devices. (1977)

A variety of commercially available cane and crutch tips were tested on surfaces of ice and soapy tile under varying axial (thrust) loads. The output measurement consisted of the angle between the vertical and the cane axis at which slip occurred. It was learned that: 1. From the viewpoint of a user, a minimal slip angle of roughly 25 deg is desirable. 2. On ice-rink ice, a number of cane tips approach the desired slip angle under conditions of low temperature; fewer appear safe at elevated air temperatures. Only one of the tested devices appears truly safe under any ice condition. 3. On rough tile flooded with soapy water, some cane tips offer adequate performance. However, no tested cane tip offers acceptable performance on slick tile flooded with soapy water. 4. There appears to be no simple relationship between the slip performance of a cane tip on ice-rink ice and that developed on soapy wet tiles. 5. No simple relationship between thrust load and slip angle emerged. Similarly, no simple relationship between contact area and slip appeared in the data.
Three-dimensional facial imaging: accuracy and considerations for clinical applications in orthodontics. (2004)

This study determined the accuracy of a camera system capable of recording three-dimensional facial images. A Rainbow 3D Camera Model 250 system (Genex Technologies Inc, Kensington, Md) was used to capture images of specific models: (1) a precalibrated precision model and (2) a mannequin model that served to simulate the human condition. To assess the accuracy of the camera system, repeated images of both models were recorded at two time points, one week apart. Repeated measurements of specific distances were recorded directly on the models and from each image. Means and standard deviations were calculated for all the repeated measurements at each time point. A two-tailed t-test was used to test for significant differences between (1) each distance measured directly on the precision model and the same distance measured on the images of the precision model, (2) each distance measured directly on the mannequin and the same distance measured on the images of the mannequin, and (3) the mean differences between the same distances measured at the two times. The findings showed that substantial image distortion occurred when images of sharp angles (90 degrees) were captured. Also, those images captured from the frontal perspective +/- 15 degrees were the most accurate.
Quantum-confined Stark effect in very small semiconductor crystallites (1989)

Experimental study of the change δα in the absorption spectrum due to a static electric field is reported for very small CdSSe crystallites. We observe oscillations of δα as a function of the wavelength, which are well explained as a Stark effect for the quantized electronic levels. A perturbation calculation is performed, which gives good theoretical fits of the experimental curves.
Fungal Degradation of Lipophilic Extractives in <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> Wood (1999)

ABSTRACT Solid-state fermentation of eucalypt wood with several fungal strains was investigated as a possible biological pretreatment for decreasing the content of compounds responsible for pitch deposition during Cl 2 -free manufacture of paper pulp. First, different pitch deposits were characterized by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). The chemical species identified arose from lipophilic wood extractives that survived the pulping and bleaching processes. Second, a detailed GC-MS analysis of the lipophilic fraction after fungal treatment of wood was carried out, and different degradation patterns were observed. The results showed that some basidiomycetes that decreased the lipophilic fraction also released significant amounts of polar extractives, which were identified by thermochemolysis as originating from lignin depolymerization. Therefore, the abilities of fungi to control pitch should be evaluated after analysis of compounds involved in deposit formation and not simply by estimating the decrease in the total extractive content. In this way, Phlebia radiata , Funalia trogii , Bjerkandera adusta , and Poria subvermispora strains were identified as the most promising organisms for pitch biocontrol, since they degraded 75 to 100% of both free and esterified sterols, as well as other lipophilic components of the eucalypt wood extractives. Ophiostoma piliferum , a fungus used commercially for pitch control, hydrolyzed the sterol esters and triglycerides, but it did not appear to be suitable for eucalypt wood treatment because it increased the content of free sitosterol, a major compound in pitch deposits.
Wideband polarizer in circular waveguide loaded with dielectric discs (1965)

At last year's Symposium, it was shown that dielectric-disc loading could greatly increase the useful bandwidth of circular waveguide. Figure 1 is a sketch of a circular waveguide containing spaced high-k dielectric discs which strongly load the TE/sub -11/ (dominant) mode, but have little effect on the TM/sub -01/ mode which normally limits the single-mode bandwidth. Figure 2 shows the frequency range over which modes can propagate for disc loading and for uniform loading. Disc loading offers a much greater ratio of single-mode bandwidth, whose upper limit is then determined by the TE /sub -21/ cutoff. This wider frequency band is useful in the design of various components, particularly the polarization converter to be described.
Phosphodiesterase genes and antidepressant treatment response: A review (2008)

Depression results in a tremendous burden to individuals suffering from the disorder and to the global health economy. Available pharmacologic treatments for depression target monoamine levels and monoamine receptors. However, delayed onset of effect, partial or inadequate treatment response, and side-effects are significant limitations of current therapies. The search for a better understanding of mechanisms of depression and for new treatment targets has turned attention to intracellular mediators. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that break down the intracellular second messenger mononucleotides cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Recent data from animal and human studies indicate that PDEs may play a role in depression and in related stress conditions. PDE genes have been linked directly to depression and to other genes associated with psychiatric disorders.
Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous Silicon Spheres from Solid Silica Spheres (2011)

A well known method was used to convert the solid silica spheres to porous silicon spheres with high surface area, with the starting shape retained. The presented work demonstrated that the porous silicon spheres are composed of polycrystal morphology. Due to the quantum confinement effect, the photoluminescence emission centered at 621 nm. The results of N2 adsorption and desorption analysis indicates the mesoporous silicon spheres possess a surface area around 88 m2 g-1 and single point micro-pore volume 0.173 cm3 g-1.
Effect of Primary Immunization on Pulmonary Clearance of Nontypable <i>Haemophilus Influenzae</i> (1989)

Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is being increasingly recognized as a cause of both adult pneumonia and acute infectious exacerbations in chronic bronchitis. We used a mouse model to study the immune enhancement of pulmonary clearance of NTHI after a primary immunization. BALB/c mice were immunized with whole NTHI either by intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intratracheal (i.t.) routes. There was 10-fold more NTHI-directed antibody detected in the serum of the i.p.-immunized mice than in the serum from the i.t.-immunized animals. Western blot analysis revealed that these antibodies were directed against both NTHI lipooligosaccharide and the various outer membrane proteins of NTHI. The development of NTHI-directed antibodies in serum was associated with significant enhancement of early pulmonary clearance of NTHI. Six hours after delivery of an endobronchial challenge with NTHI, the i.p.-immunized mice had cleared most of the organisms from their lungs, while the i.t.-immunized mice did not clear NTHI any more rapidly than did unimmunized mice. Serum from the i.p.-immunized mice caused more than 99% uptake of NTHI in an in vitro opsonophagocytic assay, while serum from i.t.-immunized mice stimulated little or no phagocytosis of this organism. Opsonophagocytosis of NTHI was obtained with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid collected from i.p.-immunized mice 6 h after, but not before, an endobronchial challenge with NTHI. Intravenous injection of an opsonic IgG monoclonal antibody directed against NTHI lipooligosaccharide resulted in both the appearance of this antibody in the alveolar spaces of the unperturbed lung and enhanced pulmonary clearance of NTHI. These data indicate that the i.p. (systemic) route of immunization is more effective than the i.t. route in establishing pulmonary immunity to NTHI in this model system. Furthermore, immune enhancement of clearance of NTHI from the lungs after a primary immunization apparently results from the exudation of opsonic and bactericidal antibodies from the serum into the alveolae in response to the inflammatory challenge.
Altered starch structure is associated with endosperm modification in Quality Protein Maize (2003)

The biochemical basis of modified kernel texture in Quality Protein Maize (QPM) is poorly understood. Proteomic analysis of several QPM lines indicated increased levels of granule-bound starch synthase I in the soluble nonzein protein fraction of these genotypes. Increased extraction of this enzyme reflected a change in starch structure, which was manifested as shorter amylopectin branches and increased starch-granule swelling. In mature kernels, these alterations in starch structure were associated with interconnections between starch granules that resulted in a vitreous kernel phenotype. Understanding the molecular basis for this previously uncharacterized starch structure will accelerate the development of QPM.
Chemistry of sulfoacetic acid derivatives. II. Reactions of phenyl esters and anilides of sulfoacetic acid (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of sulfoacetic acid derivatives. II. Reactions of phenyl esters and anilides of sulfoacetic acidBernard E. Hoogenboom and Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 11, 3414–3420Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01263a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01263a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
AMBA: enabling reusable on-chip designs (1997)

In 1995, Advanced RISC Machines released its Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture in response to input from key semiconductor licensees. AMBA's goal is to help designers of embedded CPU systems meet challenges like design for low power consumption and test access. Because input for AMBA came from designers of ARM-based microprocessors, ARM was also able to develop a solid design rationale and evolve an architectural design that would address the most common problems. This article describes some of AMBA's design methodology and provides a set of specifications that will aid designers in making detailed comparisons with other buses. AMBA defines both a bus specification and a technology-independent methodology for designing, implementing, and testing customized, high-integration embedded controllers.
Oral Sodium Bicarbonate for the Treatment of Metabolic Acidosis in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients (2003)

Acidosis causes malnutrition in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. The effect of oral bicarbonate in PD patients with Kt/V <2.1 has not been studied. We randomly assigned 60 PD patients with acidosis and Kt/V <2.1 to oral sodium bicarbonate (0.9 g thrice daily) or placebo. Patients were followed for 12 mo. We compared their nutritional status, including subjective global assessment (SGA) score and normalized protein nitrogen appearance (NPNA), hospitalization and all-cause mortality. Treatment with oral bicarbonate resulted in a higher plasma bicarbonate level at 4 wk (27.8 +/- 2.6 versus 24.7 +/- 3.9 mmol/L, P = 0.002), and the difference persisted until 52 wk. Bicarbonate treatment had a significant effect on the change in overall SGA score (repeated measures ANOVA, P = 0.0003). The overall SGA score of the treatment group was higher than the placebo group at 24 wk (5.07 +/- 0.94 versus 4.40 +/- 1.00, P = 0.015), and the difference persisted thereafter. NPNA rose in the treatment group (1.17 +/- 0.32 to 1.28 +/- 0.26 g/kg per d, P = 0.034), but declined in placebo group (1.13 +/- 0.25 to 1.03 +/- 0.28 g/kg per d, P = 0.054). The treatment group had a shorter hospitalization than the placebo group (8.4 +/- 17.7 versus 16.8 +/- 21.7 d/yr; P = 0.02). Mortality was not significantly different. Although our trial has limited statistical power, we find that in PD patients with mild acidosis and Kt/V <2.1, oral sodium bicarbonate probably improve nutritional status and reduce the duration of hospitalization.
Noise trauma alters <scp>D</scp>‐[<sup>3</sup>H]aspartate release and AMPA binding in chinchilla cochlear nucleus (2004)

Exposure of adults to loud noise can overstimulate the auditory system, damage the cochlea, and destroy cochlear nerve axons and their synaptic endings in the brain. Cochlear nerve loss probably results from the death of cochlear inner hair cells (IHC). Additional degeneration in the cochlear nucleus (CN) is hypothesized to stem from overstimulation of the system, which may produce excitotoxicity. This study tested these predictions by exposing one ear of anesthetized adult chinchillas to a loud noise, which damaged the ipsilateral cochlea and induced degeneration in the glutamatergic cochlear nerve. During the first postexposure week, before cochlear nerve axons degenerated, glutamatergic synaptic release in the ipsilateral CN was elevated and uptake was depressed, consistent with hyperactivity of glutamatergic transmission and perhaps with the operation of an excitotoxic mechanism. By 14 days, when cochlear nerve fibers degenerated, glutamatergic synaptic release and uptake in the CN became deficient. By 90 days, a resurgence of transmitter release and an elevation of AMPA receptor binding suggested transmission upregulation through plasticity that resembled changes after mechanical cochlear damage. These changes may contribute to tinnitus and other pathologic symptoms that precede and accompany hearing loss. In contrast, the other ear, protected with a silicone plug during the noise exposure, exhibited virtually no damage in the cochlea or the cochlear nerve. Altered glutamatergic release and AMPA receptor binding activity in the CN suggested upregulatory plasticity driven by signals emanating from the CN on the noise-exposed side.
Dust-particle transport in tokamak edge plasmas (2005)

Dust particulates in the size range of 10nm–100μm are found in all fusion devices. Such dust can be generated during tokamak operation due to strong plasma∕material-surface interactions. Some recent experiments and theoretical estimates indicate that dust particles can provide an important source of impurities in the tokamak plasma. Moreover, dust can be a serious threat to the safety of next-step fusion devices. In this paper, recent experimental observations on dust in fusion devices are reviewed. A physical model for dust transport simulation and a newly developed code DUSTT are discussed. The DUSTT code incorporates both dust dynamics due to comprehensive dust-plasma interactions as well as the effects of dust heating, charging, and evaporation. The code tracks test dust particles in realistic plasma backgrounds as provided by edge-plasma transport codes. The results are presented for dust transport in current and next-step tokamaks. The effect of dust on divertor plasma profiles and core plasma contamination is examined.
A multiple-platform multi-language distributed object-oriented messaging system5 (1993)

article Free Access Share on A multiple-platform multi-language distributed object-oriented messaging system5 Authors: Yen-Ping Shan IBM, Software Solutions, Cary, North Carolina IBM, Software Solutions, Cary, North CarolinaView Profile , John DeBinder IBM, Software Solutions, Cary, North Carolina IBM, Software Solutions, Cary, North CarolinaView Profile , Rick DeNatale IBM, Software Solutions, Cary, North Carolina IBM, Software Solutions, Cary, North CarolinaView Profile , Cindy Krauss IBM, Software Solutions, Cary, North Carolina IBM, Software Solutions, Cary, North CarolinaView Profile , Pat Mueller IBM, Software Solutions, Cary, North Carolina IBM, Software Solutions, Cary, North CarolinaView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN OOPS MessengerVolume 5Issue 2April 1994 pp 27–29https://doi.org/10.1145/260304.260310Published:01 April 1993Publication History 0citation153DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads153Last 12 Months9Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Bosons being their own antiparticles in Dirac formulation (2015)

Using our earlier formalism of extending the idea of the Dirac sea (negative energy states) to also for Bosons, we construct a formalism for Bosons which are their own antiparticles. Since antiparticles in formalisms with a Dirac sea are at first formulated as holes, they are a priori formally a bit different from the particles themselves. To set up a formalism/a theory for Majorana fermions and for Bosons in which particles are their own antiparticles is thus at first non-trivial. We here develop this not totally trivial formalism for what one could call extending the name for the fermions, Majorana-bosons. Because in our earlier work had what we called different sectors we got there some formal extensions of the theory which did not even have positive definite metric. Although such unphysical sectors may a priori be of no physical interest one could hope that they could be helpful for some pedagogical deeper understanding so that also the formalism for particles in such unphysical sectors of their own antiparticles would ,
Deconvolution in Astronomy: A Review (2002)

This article reviews different deconvolution methods. The all‐pervasive presence of noise is what makes deconvolution particularly difficult. The diversity of resulting algorithms reflects different ways of estimating the true signal under various idealizations of its properties. Different ways of approaching signal recovery are based on different instrumental noise models, whether the astronomical objects are pointlike or extended, and indeed on the computational resources available to the analyst. We present a number of recent results in this survey of signal restoration, including in the areas of superresolution and dithering. In particular, we show that most recent published work has consisted of incorporating some form of multiresolution in the deconvolution process.
A Phase-Locked AM Radio Receiver (1969)

The problems in the microminiaturization of frequency selective circuits have shown the lack of adaptability of the presently used superheterodyne system, particularly in the lower frequency band, to the integrated radio receiver. By using phase-lock technique, the incoming signal can be converted to baseband directly, eliminating the need for intermediate frequency tuned circuits. A preliminary study has been made of the feasibility and the practicality of using phase-lock technique in the consumer AM Tadio receiver. A two-channel, phase-locked receiver is discussed in this paper. It is shown that this system offers not only the advantages of microminiaturization, but in many aspects, better performance as well.
Enforcing Access Control to Web Databases (2010)

The insider threat against database management systems is a very dangerous and common security problem. Authorized users may compromise database security by abusing legitimate privileges to masquerade as another user or to gather data for malicious purposes. This problem is aggravated for databases made available over the web through web applications since the DBMS recognizes only the database user and ignores end users. It is important for the DBMS to have an idea of who exactly has access to data. Much research on mitigating insider threats focuses on detection. In this paper, we consider the prevention of attacks using access control and we propose (RBAC <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> ), an extension of the NIST RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) standard with the notions of application, application profile and sub-application session. The importance of our solution is that, on the one hand, it enforces access control to the web database, and, on the other hand, it is able to identify malicious activities carried out by legitimate users of the system and prevent insider attacks.
A New Radiation-Hardened Satellite Onboard LAN Based on IEEE Std 1394 (2004)

This paper provides an assessment of the capabilities of a radiation -hardened IEEE -1394 local area netwo rk ( LAN ). Included are a short comparative overview to the two high -speed data bus contenders for space use, a synopsis of IEEE 1394, and lessons learned in developing radiation -hardened ASICs and the 1394 software driver from COTS products. The rad -hard f light ASICs are three chips – the link layer controller (LLC), the digital physical layer (DPHY), and the analog physical layer (APHY). A single 100 MHz (S100) 1394 node has been developed on a cPCI 3U printed circuit board including the 1394 chipset, galv anic isolation circuitry, and local power sources. A dual node card has been developed on a 6U circuit board and includes a cPCI bridge required to address the two 1394 LLCs. These 1394 cards have been tested with commercial 1394 cards and Windows drivers , as well as other FT1394 ASIC protoboards and the flight software driver . The 1394 software driver developed for space requires less than 250 kbytes of CPU memory ( excluding instrument data buffer space ) to handle two nodes. This driver has demonstrated tr ansfer rates up to 63 Mbps using a UDP/IP transfer protocol in asynchronous mode . By using stack tree or broken ring topologies for 1394 interconnections, a very fault -tolerant onboard LAN can be created. Microminiature space quality connectors and cables for the LAN which meet the stringent 1394 transmission line requirements and spacecraft EMC requirements have been developed and qualified .