gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenoviral-Mediated Endothelial Precursor Cell Delivery of Soluble CD115 Suppresses Human Prostate Cancer Xenograft Growth in Mice (2009)

Prostate cancer tumor growth and neovascularization is promoted by an interplay between migratory tumor stromal cells such as specialized tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and circulating endothelial precursor cells (CEPs). As vehicles for tumor therapy, human CEPs are relatively easy to isolate from peripheral blood, are able to proliferate long-term in vitro, are amenable to viral manipulation, and preferentially home to regions of ischemia found in growing tumors. We show here that human peripheral blood CEPs expanded ex vivo migrate to prostate cancer cells in vitro and efficiently home to human prostate tumor xenografts in vivo. Infection of precursors ex vivo with an adenovirus constructed to secrete a soluble form of the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor CD115 that inhibits macrophage viability and migration in vitro significantly decreases the number of TAMs in xenografts (p < .05), reduces proliferation (p < .01) and vascular density (p < .03), and suppresses the growth of xenografts (p < .03). These data show for the first time that targeting stromal cell processes with cellular therapy has the potential to retard prostate tumor growth.
ChemInform Abstract: Analogous α,α′‐Bis‐Carbenoid Triply Bonded Species: Synthesis of a Stable λ3‐Phosphinocarbene‐λ5‐Phosphaacetylene. (1989)

Abstract Depending on the nature of the substituents and the experimental conditions transient or stable phosphinocarbenes are generated from the corresponding α‐diazophosphines such as (III).
Dentinal and pulpal uptake of mercury from lined and unlined amalgam restorations in minipigs (1997)

The aim of the present investigation was to examine dentin and pulp in amalgam-restored teeth in minipigs with respect to presence of mercury, and to evaluate whether lining of restored cavities with a resin-modified glass ionomer cement had any effect on the penetration of mercury. Class I and V cavities were cut in 49 posterior and canine teeth of 4 minipigs. 35 cavities were restored with amalgam and 14 with composite material. 26 of the amalgam cavities were lined with a resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Following observation periods of 17-28 months, the pigs were killed and the jaws sectioned. After decalcification, the teeth were processed for light or electron microscopy examinations. Mercury was visualized by autometallography. Silver-enhanced mercury was found in all teeth with amalgam, whereas teeth with composites were devoid of mercury. Mercury could be traced in the odontoblast processes, in the body of odontoblasts, and on rare occasions in the nerve tissue of the pulp from lined and from unlined amalgam restorations. The present study thus demonstrates transport of mercury through dentinal tubules to the pulp, and that lining of cavities with a resin-modified glass ionomer cement does not prevent penetration of mercury.
Investigation of Polymer-bound PAGs: Synthesis, Characterization and Initial Structure/Property Relationships of Anion-bound Resists (2009)

A study of polymerization and some of the resulting properties of PAG-bound resist polymers based on a new triphenyl sulfonium fluoroalkyl sulfonate-containing methacrylate monomer is reported here. A low activation ester terpolymer containing this onium salt monomer was prepared and characterized. Our findings include the profound impact of residual monomer in the behavior of this material and the critical importance of polymer purification to remove unreacted ionic monomers in the preparation of polymer-bound PAGs. We have developed a polymer isolation process specifically tailored to remove unbound PAG so that the properties could be unambiguously investigated. And we report here the influence on properties of bound vs unbound PAG in this chemically amplified resist.
Human bone marrow lymphocytes. I. Distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in the bone marrow of normal individuals. (1975)

This study was undertaken to determine the proportions and in vitro immune capacities of lymphocyte populations in the bone marrows of normal humans. Relatively pure mononuclear cell suspensions were obtained from bone marrow aspirates by linear sucrose gradient centrifugations. Simultaneous peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens from each individual were assayed for lymphocyte surface markers and mitogen responsiveness. Maximal possible contamination of bone marrow aspirates by peripheral blood was determined by performing aspirates on individuals who had received 51chromium-labeled autologous erythrocytes. Rhymus-derived (T) lymphocytes, as determined by the sheep red blood cell (E) rosette assay, comprised 8.6-(plus or minus 1.6)% of the total bone marrow lymphocyte pool. Bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes, as determined by the presence of a complement receptor, made up 15.4-(plus or minus 1.9)% of the lymphocyte pool whereas 74.6 (plus or minus 2.4)% of mononuclear cells lacked easily detectable surface markers. These findings could not be explained by contamination with peripheral blood lymphocytes since contamination was corrected for in the calculations. Lymphocyte-enriched suspensions of bone marrow cells responded to stimulation with phytohemagglutinin, concanalin A, and particularly pokeweed mitogen. In vitro incubations of bone marrow and peripheral blood lymphocytes with tritiated thymidine followed by determinations of E and erythrocyte antibody complement (EAC) rosettes were performed. Simultaneous rosetteradioautographs demonstrated that the proliferative potential of bone marrow B lymphocytes was greater than peripheral blood B lymphocytes (P less than 0.01). On the other hand, the proliferative potential of bone marrow T lymphocytes was the same as that of peripheral blood T lymphocytes. These findings demonstrate that in addition to containing B lymphocytes the normal bone marrow contains a small fraction of T lymphocytes similar to the mature T lymphocyte pool found in the peripheral blood. These T cells most probably enter the bone marrow parenchyma as part of the normal recirculating lymphocyte pool.
Containerless Measurements of Thermophysical Properties of Zr<sub>54</sub>Ti<sub>8</sub>Cu<sub>20</sub>Al<sub>10</sub>Ni<sub>8</sub> (2006)

High-temperature measurement and study of reactive materials can be difficult with conventional processing methods because contamination from the measuring apparatus and container walls can adversely affect measurements. Containerless processing techniques can be employed to isolate samples from their environment, reducing contamination. Benefits of containerless processing include reduction in heterogeneous nucleation sites, which in turn delays the onset of solidification and allows the study of meta-stable undercooled phases. However, property measurements must use noncontact methods as well. Fortunately, several optical-based methods have been developed and successfully employed to measure thermophysical properties, including surface tension, viscosity, density, and thermal expansion. Combining these techniques with the electrostatic levitator (ESL) located at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has resulted in an excellent facility to perform containerless material studies which support microgravity flight projects. Currently, studies of the thermophysical properties of liquid quasi-crystal forming and related alloys ranging from superheated to deeply undercooled states are being done with this facility in support of the NASA-funded flight project Quasi-crystalline Undercooled Alloys for Space Investigation (QUASI). While the primary purpose of these measurements is to support planned flight experiments, they are also a desirable resource for future manufacturing considerations and for fundamental insight in the physics of icosahedral ordering in liquids and solids. Presented here is an overview of the contactless measuring methods for surface tension, viscosity, density, and thermal expansion applied to Zr54Ti8Cu20Al10Ni8, for the superheated and meta-stable undercooled liquid phases, in support of QUASI.
The Distributed Network Processor: a novel off-chip and on-chip\n interconnection network architecture (2012)

One of the most demanding challenges for the designers of parallel computing\narchitectures is to deliver an efficient network infrastructure providing low\nlatency, high bandwidth communications while preserving scalability. Besides\noff-chip communications between processors, recent multi-tile (i.e. multi-core)\narchitectures face the challenge for an efficient on-chip interconnection\nnetwork between processor's tiles. In this paper, we present a configurable and\nscalable architecture, based on our Distributed Network Processor (DNP) IP\nLibrary, targeting systems ranging from single MPSoCs to massive HPC platforms.\nThe DNP provides inter-tile services for both on-chip and off-chip\ncommunications with a uniform RDMA style API, over a multi-dimensional direct\nnetwork with a (possibly) hybrid topology.\n
The Betzer and Ardisson Synthesis of (+)-Discodermolide (2011)

( + )-Discodermolide 3, a potent anticancer agent that works synergistically with taxol, may yet prove to be clinically effective. For the synthetic material to be affordable, a highly convergent synthesis is required. Jean-François Betzer and Janick Ardisson of the Université de Cergy- Pontoise have described (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 1917) such a synthesis, coupling 1 and 2. A central feature of their approach was the repeated application of the inherently chiral secondary organometallic reagent 5. The first use of 5 was the addition to the aldehyde 4. The product 6 was ozonized, and the resulting aldehyde was carried on to the α, β-unsaturated ester. Exposure of the hydroxy ester to benzaldehyde under basic conditions delivered, by intramolecular Michael addition, the acetal 7. The next addition of the reagent 5 was to the aldehyde 10. The adduct 11 was deprotonated with t-BuLi to effect α-elimination, providing, after protection of the alcohol, the alkyne 12. Coupling of 12 with the amide 7 gave a ketone, enantioselective reduction of which under Itsuno-Corey conditions led, again after protection of the alcohol, to the alkyne 13. Oxidation followed by selective hydrogenation and iodine-tin exchange then completed the assembly of 1. Note that PtO2, not typically used for partial hydrogenation, was the catalyst of choice for this congested alkyne. The third application of the enantiomerically-pure reagent 5 was addition to the aldehyde that had been prepared by ozonolysis of 15. Advantage was then taken of another property of the alkenyl carbamate, Ni-mediated Grignard coupling, to form the next carbon-carbon bond with high geometric control. Deprotection of the diene 17 so prepared followed by iodination then completed the synthesis of 2. The convergent coupling of 1 with 2 was carried out under Suzuki conditions. Reduction of the iodide of 2 to the corresponding alkyl lithium followed by exchange with B-OMe-9-BBN gave an intermediate organoborane, that smoothly coupled with 1 under Pd catalysis to give 18.
Thermo-fluid characteristics of a minichannel heat sink cooled with liquid metal (2013)

Liquid metals, such as Galinstan, a gallium, indium and tin eutectic, may be exploited for enhanced cooling of microelectronics due to their favorable thermophysical properties. Hodes et al. [1] discussed the properties of Galinstan compared with those of water and provided a first-order model for minimizing the total thermal resistance of Galinstan-based heat sinks under form factor and pressure drop constraints. This paper, as a follow up, describes the fabrication and assembly of water-based microchannel and Galinstan-based minichannel heat sinks. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> The authors also discussed the flow loop has been designed and commissioned to characterize the heat sinks and report flow and thermal resistance data and compare them to theory.
Scaling usable computing capability (2014)

Programmers tackling the complexity of large software systems have long favored computing system flexibility over peak computing capability. The growing popularity of scripting languages suggests this tendency is increasing. On the other hand, current trends in semiconductor scaling are raising concerns over “dark silicon” and suggest hardware accelerators are necessary to improve raw computing capability. Accelerators tend to give up flexibility to obtain efficiency and performance. This talk argues a consequence of these trends is that there is an urgent need to develop accelerators that are both energy efficient and easy to program. Such devices are required if usable computing capability is to improve in the face of expected challenges in semiconductor scaling. While efficiency is easier to measure than programmability this talk will argue both can be optimized simultaneously. Examples of how this can be achieved on GPU computing architectures will be described including locality-aware thread scheduling and efficient GPU transactional memory.
Cellular mechanisms of anti-tumor responses in patients treated with CTLA-4 blockade (2005)

Journal of the American College of Surgeons 201(3):p S86-S87, September 2005. | DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2005.06.204
RGD‐containing peptide GCRGYGRGDSPG reduces enhancement of osteoblast differentiation by poly(<scp>L</scp>‐lysine)‐<i>graft</i>‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐coated titanium surfaces (2003)

Abstract Osteoblasts exhibit a more differentiated morphology on surfaces with rough microtopographies. Surface effects are often mediated through integrins that bind the RGD motif in cell attachment proteins. Here, we tested the hypothesis that modulating access to RGD binding sites can modify the response of osteoblasts to surface microtopography. MG63 immature osteoblast‐like cells were cultured on smooth (Ti sputter‐coated Si wafers) and rough (grit blasted/acid etched) Ti surfaces that were modified with adsorbed monomolecular layers of a comb‐like graft copolymer, poly‐( L ‐lysine) ‐g‐ poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL‐ g ‐PEG), to limit nonspecific protein adsorption. PLL‐ g ‐PEG coatings were functionalized with varying amounts of an integrin‐receptor‐binding RGD peptide GCRGYGRGDSPG (PLL‐ g ‐PEG/PEG‐RGD) or a nonbinding R DG control sequence GCRGYGR DG SPG (PLL‐ g ‐PEG/PEG‐R DG ). Response to PLL‐ g ‐PEG alone was compared with response to surfaces on which 2–18% of the polymer sidechains were functionalized with the RGD peptide or the R DG peptide. To examine RGD dose–response, peptide surface concentration was varied between 0 and 6.4 pmol/cm 2 . In addition, cells were cultured on uncoated Ti or Ti coated with PLL‐ g ‐PEG or PLL‐ g ‐PEG/PEG‐RGD at an RGD surface concentration of 0.7 pmol/cm 2 , and free RGDS was added to the media to block integrin binding. Analyses were performed 24 h after cultures had achieved confluence on the tissue culture plastic surface. Cell number was reduced on smooth Ti compared to plastic or glass and further decreased on surfaces coated with PLL‐ g ‐PEG or PLL‐ g ‐PEG/PEG‐R DG , but was restored to control levels when PLL‐ g ‐PEG/PEG‐RGD was present. Alkaline phosphatase specific activity and osteocalcin levels were increased on PLL‐ g ‐PEG alone or PLL‐ g ‐PEG/PEG‐R DG , but PLL‐ g ‐PEG/PEG‐RGD reduced the parameters to control levels. On rough Ti surfaces, cell number was reduced to a greater extent than on smooth Ti. PLL‐ g ‐PEG coatings reduced alkaline phosphatase and increased osteocalcin in a manner that was synergistic with surface roughness. The R DG peptide did not alter the PLL‐ g ‐PEG effect but the RGD peptide restored these markers to their control levels. PLL‐ g ‐PEG coatings also increased TGF‐β1 and PGE 2 in conditioned media of cells cultured on smooth or rough Ti; there was a 20× increase on rough Ti coated with PLL‐ g ‐PEG. PLL‐ g ‐PEG effects were inhibited dose dependently by addition of the RGD peptide to the surface. Free RGDS did not decrease the effect elicited by PLL‐ g ‐PEG surfaces. These unexpected results suggest that PLL‐ g ‐PEG may have osteogenic properties, perhaps correlated with effects that alter cell attachment and spreading, and promote a more differentiated morphology. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 68A: 458–472, 2004
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Substituted β‐Aminoethyl Esters of Diphenylphosphinic Acids. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Small-Animal PET Imaging of Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts Using a <sup>64</sup>Cu-Labeled Monoclonal Antibody, MAb159 (2015)

We demonstrated that GRP78 can serve as a valid target for pancreatic cancer imaging. The success of this approach will be valuable for evaluating disease course and therapeutic efficacy at the earliest stages of anti-GRP78 treatment. Moreover, these newly developed probes may have important applications in other types of cancer overexpressing GRP78.
Time Warp simulation in time constrained systems (1993)

The suitability of the Time Warp mechanism to perform simulations with real-time constraints is examined. A model for Time Warp is developed that accounts for overheads such as state saving, state restoration, and sending and transmitting positive and negative messages. A criterion called R-schedulability is defined to indicate whether or not computations can meet real-time deadlines. It is shown that if false events (events that will be rolled back or cancelled later) are generated, and there are no committed events with timestamps equal to those of the false events, Time Warp cannot meet the R-schedulability criterion. Further, if aggressive cancellation is used, scheduling guarantees still cannot be made even in the absence of such false events. However, Time Warp using lazy cancellation is shown to be R-schedulable provided such false events do not exist. Finally, based on these results, bounds on the execution time of a Time Warp simulation are derived.
The Serial Product of Controlled Signalling Systems (1991)

Abstract : The controlled signalling system is a finite-state deterministic model of information disclosure on a computer system. The model includes high- level and low level cooperating processes. The processes cooperate to covertly send data from the high-level process (transmitter) to the low-level process (receiver). The capacity of a controlled signalling system is a measure of the amount of information the high-level process can disclose to the low-level process. The serial product is a binary operation on the class of controlled signalling systems. The capacity of the serial product of two controlled signalling systems can be strictly greater than the capacities of the individual systems. The r-controlled signalling systems are a subclass of controlled signalling systems; for r-controlled signaling systems, the serial product capacity is the maximum of the individual capacities.
An invertebrate coagulation system activated by endotoxin: evidence for enzymatic mediation (1972)

Lysates prepared from the amebocytes of Limulus polyphemus, the horseshoe crab, are gelled by endotoxin. Studies were carried out to characterize the components of amebocyte lysate and to examine the kinetics of their reaction with endotoxin. Analysis of amebocyte lysate using sucrose density gradients showed two peaks at 46% and 86% gradient volumes. G50 and G75 Sephadex column chromatography resulted in three protein peaks. One fraction contained a clottable protein, which had a molecular weight of approximately 27,000, and was heat stable. Another fraction contained a high molecular weight, heat labile material, which was activated by endotoxin and reacted with the clottable protein to form a gel. The rate of the reaction between endotoxin and amebocyte lysate was dependent upon the concentration of endotoxin and the concentration of the fraction containing the high molecular weight material. The activity of this fraction was inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate, parachloromercuribenzoate, and para-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate, suggesting that enzymatic activity depended upon serine hydroxyl and sulfhydryl groups. The reaction between endotoxin and the fractions of lysate was temperature and pH dependent. The data suggest that endotoxin activates an enzyme which then gels the clottable protein contained in amebocyte lysate.
Detection of transient faults in microprocessors by concurrent monitoring (2003)

Summary form only given. A novel approach, called concurrent processor monitoring for on-line detection of transient faults, that attempts to achieve high error coverage with small error detection latency is proposed. The concept of the execution profile of an instruction is defined and is used for detecting control flow and execution errors. To implement this scheme, a watchdog processor is designed for monitoring operation of the main processor. The effectiveness of this technique is demonstrated through computer simulations. Simulation studies on an 8086-based system indicate a fault coverage of 97% and a very small fault latency time. The hardware overhead for the watchdog processor is about 28%. By use of the basic design concept, test hardware could be implemented directly on the microprocessor chip and the hardware cost would be further reduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Use of a Simple in vivo Technique to Investigate Components of the Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction in Conscious Guinea Pigs (1984)

A semiplethysmographic method was used to delineate the effects of aerosol antigen challenge on the respiratory pattern of conscious, sensitized guinea pigs. Chlorpheniramine pretreatment prevented death, delayed the onset of respiratory symptoms and decreased the severity of the hypersensitivity reaction. This reaction could be further diminished to varying degrees by the addition of FPL55712, atropine sulfate and/or imidazole to chlorpheniramine. Indomethacin and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) with chlorpheniramine caused a potentiation in the severity of the hypersensitivity reaction. However, chlorpheniramine, NDGA and imidazole in combination blocked the hypersensitivity reaction. The technique appears to demonstrate the involvement of several suggested mediators in asthma and appears potentially useful as an indicator of effects on arachidonic acid metabolism and metabolites.
The Turn of the Screw and Other Stories (2008)

A young, inexperienced governess is charged with the care of Miles and Flora, two small children abandoned by their uncle at his grand country house. She sees the figure of an unknown man on the tower and his face at the window. It is Peter Quint, the master's dissolute valet, and he has come for little Miles. But Peter Quint is dead. Like the other tales collected here – ‘Sir Edmund Orme’, ‘Owen Wingrave’, and ‘The Friends of the Friends’ – ‘The Turn of the Screw’ is to all immediate appearances a ghost story. But are the appearances what they seem? Is what appears to the governess a ghost or a hallucination? Who else sees what she sees? The reader may wonder whether the children are victims of corruption from beyond the grave, or victims of the governess's ‘infernal imagination’, which torments but also entrals her? ‘The Turn of the Screw’ is probably the most famous, certainly the most eerily equivocal, of all ghostly tales. Is it a subtle, self-conscious exploration of the haunted house of Victorian culture, filled with echoes of sexual and social unease? Or is it simply, ‘the most hopelessly evil story that we have ever read’? The texts are those of the New York Edition, with a new Introduction and Notes.
Point-of-care test to monitor adherence to anti-tuberculous treatment (2004)

IsoScreen has been shown to provide a rapid and safe point-of-care test, which contributes to the detection of non-adherence in patients with tuberculosis.