gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Steam Zone Growth During Multiple-Layer Stream Injection (1967)

Abstract The development of multiple parallel steam zones of equal thickness and uniform separation is described mathematically. At small times, the growth of one of the steam zones is independent of the presence of the orders. At long times, simple relationships are obtained which describe the growth of the steam zones. Generally, it is found desirable to allow steam to penetrate the underground reservoir at a number of vertical positions if sufficient steam-generating capacity is available to maintain comparable injection rates in all the layers. If a limited steam-generating capacity is available, the larger steam zone volume is created in the single-layer system. Introduction The use of hot fluid injection as a means of lowering oil viscosity in petroleum reservoirs is becoming increasingly common. Prominent among the thermal techniques being used is steam injection. The basic mechanisms involved when steam flows through oil-containing porous rock have been reported by Willman et al. The growth of the steam zone when steam enters a single layer at constant injection rate has been developed by Marx and Langenheim. Frequently, an underground formation is stratified and presents a number of horizontal paths for the injected fluid to follow. This paper considers the steam zone development when a large number of highly permeable paths of equal thickness, separated by arbitrary but equal distances, are available for flow of injected steam. THEORY Consider the system shown in Fig. 1. A number of horizontal zones of equal thickness, hs are separated from each other at distances 1. It is assumed that there are infinitely many layers in the vertical direction. Further, important assumptions of the mathematical model to be employed are as follows. - Steam enters all the layers at constant and equal rates. - Steam zone temperature remains constant throughout the steam zone at the value of the input steam temperature. - The heat capacity of the steam zone may be represented by some average value. - Heat loss occurs normal to the horizontal boundaries of the steam zones. - No heat is transported by conduction or convection ahead of the steam front. The formation immediately ahead of the steam zone remains at original reservoir temperature. The shape of the temperature distribution will then be that of a step which moves outward.
Photonic-crystal surface modes found from impedances (2010)

We present a method for finding surface modes at interfaces between two-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs), in which the surface modes are represented as superpositions of the PCs' propagating and evanescent Bloch modes. We derive an existence condition for surface modes at an air-PC interface in terms of numerically calculated PC impedance matrices, and use the condition to find surface modes in the partial band gap of a PC. We also derive a condition for modes of a three-layer structure with two interfaces, and find both coupled surface modes and waveguide modes. We show that some waveguide modes cross the band edge and become coupled surface modes.
Parathyroid gland involvement by papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. (2002)

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing that parathyroid involvement occurs in papillary thyroid carcinomas even in the early stage of the disease.
Facile Synthesis of a Carboxylic Linker on Halofuginone: A Method to Derivatize Haptens Containing Both Amine and Hydroxy Functionalities (1993)

Abstract A succinic acid derivative of halofuginone was synthesized that could be easily bound to carrier proteins for halofuginone-specific antibody production. N-trimethylsilylimidazole was used to protect the hydroxyl group on halofuginone. Hydrolysis after treatment with succinic anhydride afforded the required derivative.
Design and Implementation of a General Reconstruction Framework (2011)

AbstractThe design and implementation of the reconstruction system in medical X-ray imaging is a challenging issue due to its immense computational demands. In order to ensure an efficient clinical workflow it is inevitable to meet high performance requirements. Hence, the usage of hardware acceleration is mandatory. The software architecture of the reconstruction system is required to be modular in a sense that different accelerator hardware platforms are supported. It must be possible to implement different parts of the algorithm using different acceleration architectures and techniques.KeywordsDesign PatternSoftware ArchitectureHardware ArchitecturePipeline StageReconstruction SystemThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Purification of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase by affinity chromatography. (1984)

Stable tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.1) was isolated from thermophilic bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus and purified by use of two consecutive affinity chromatographic procedures on a large scale. The specific activity increased 25, 900-fold after the purification. With a Matrex Blue A column, used in the finalstep affinity Chromatography, the effects of factors influencing the performance of Chromatography were studied. The column diameter was scaled up from 1.65cm to 18.4cm without appreciable change in the elution profiles. The degree of purification decreased gradually and the elution profile became sharper with the increase in concentration of potassium chloride from 0.1 to 0.6 mol ⋅ 1-1. Variation of the elution profile with liquid velocity was also studied. The experimental elution curves showed general agreement with the calculated values based on the mass transfer theory.
Long‐term clinical progress in bone marrow transplanted mucopolysaccharidosis type I patients with a defined genotype (1993)

Two mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I) patients, subjected to bone marrow transplantation (BMT) more than 10 years ago, have recently had their alpha-L-iduronidase genotypes defined. Both patients, homozygous for the relatively common W402X mutation, received BMT when they were 14 and 11 months of age, and are now 12 and 14 years old, respectively. Untreated MPS-I patients, homozygous for W402X, have an extremely severe clinical phenotype with rapid clinical deterioration and death before 6 years of age. The 12-year-old patient, with limited mobility, is coping well at school, while the other patient is wheelchair-bound with severe disability in his lower limbs, and attends a school for the physically handicapped. Both patients have less than normal intelligence with slowly continuing losses. A third MPS-I patients, diagnosed at the age of 6 months, was felt, prior to BMT at 14 months, to have a severe phenotype. Twelve years post-BMT, he is ambulatory, albeit with restricted movement, and has normal intelligence. This patient did not have a defined MPS-I genotype and had alpha-L-iduronidase protein and activity consistent with a less severe outcome than the first two patients. We conclude that BMT has significantly slowed down the clinical regression of the W402X phenotype. We propose that if further gains are to be made, BMT should be performed within the first few months of life. Early diagnosis is therefore essential.
Shift in collagen type as an early response to induction of the metanephric mesenchyme. (1981)

Conversion of the nephrogenic mesenchyme into epithelial tubules requires an inductive stimulus from the ureter bud. Here we show with immunofluorescence techniques that the undifferentiated mesenchyme before induction expresses uniformly type I and type III collagens. Induction both in vivo and in vitro leads to a loss of these proteins and to the appearance of basement membrane components including type IV collagen. This change correlates both spatially and temporally with the determination of the mesenchyme and precedes and morphological events. During morphogenesis, type IV collagen concentrates at the borders of the developing tubular structures where, by electron microscopy, a thin, often discontinuous basal lamina was seen to cover the first pretubular cell aggregates. Subsequently, the differentiating tubules were surrounded by a well-developed basal lamina. No loss of the interstitial collagens was seen in the metanephric mesenchyme when brought into contact with noninducing tissues or when cultured alone. Similar observations were made with nonnephrogenic mesenchyme (salivary, lung) when exposed to various heterotypic tissues known to induce tubules in the nephrogenic mesenchyme. The sequential shift in the composition of the extracellular matrix from an interstitial, mesenchymal type to a differentiated, epithelial type is so far the first detectable response of the nephrogenic mesenchyme to the tubule-inducing signal.
Proceedings on 2nd International On-Line Testing Workshop (IOLT'96), July 8-10, 1996, Biarritz - Saint-Jean-de-Luz, France (1996)

The increased complexity of electronic systems has seen increasing reliability needs in various application domains as well as pressure for low cost products. There is a corresponding increased demand for cost-effective on-line test techniques. This workshop provides an informal forum to discuss all aspects of on-line testing.
High-Dose Cytarabine Consolidation With or Without Additional Amsacrine and Mitoxantrone in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Results of the Prospective Randomized AML2003 Trial (2013)

In younger adults with AML, multiagent consolidation using mitoxantrone and amsacrine in combination with high-dose cytarabine does not improve treatment outcome and confers additional toxicity.
Therapeutic Approach To Primary Malignant Epithelial Tumors of the Liver in Childhood: Results of the Italian Retrospective Study and Literature Survey (1987)

We analyzed the clinical features and treatment of 23 hepatoblastomas (HPBs) and 16 hepatocellular carcinomas (HPCs) occurring in patients less than 19 years old, admitted to the Italian retrospective multicentric study, conducted between 1983 and 1985, on childhood malignant hepatic tumors. The median ages of the patients with HPB and HPC at diagnosis were 22.34 months and 96.23 months, respectively, with a male/female ratio of 0.7 and 1.7, respectively. Fourteen HPBs (61%) and 5 HPCs (31%) achieved surgical complete remission (CR). Of these, 11 HPB and all 5 HPC are still in CR with a median follow-up of 36 months and 3.5 years, respectively. One HPB and 1 HPC became resectable after a primary course of cis-platinum alone in the case of HPB and used with VP-16 in the case of HPC. All of the 9 HPBs and 11 HPCs, who never achieved CR, died of disease at a median interval from diagnosis of 5 and 2 months, respectively. The published therapeutic approaches for these tumors were also reviewed.
Power and Efficiency Advancements for Low Rate - Long Endurance Semi-Fuel-Cells (2002)

The characterization and use of a palladium and iridium catalyst combination on several cathode substrates (carbon paper, porous nickel, titanium dioxide, carbon fibers) are described The Pd/Ir combination outperforms palladium alone or iridium alone on all of the substrates as determined by catalyst deposit stability, polarization curve Tafel slope and onset potential. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (mM) were used to establish the composition and structure of palladium and iridium clusters on the cathode substrate surfaces. Cyclic voltammetry was employed as the method of choice for deposition; however, constant potential deposition was also investigated. Several deposition parameters were investigated including deposition range, scan rate, and number of cycles. This report describes the optimum deposition conditions and the best catalyzed substrate as tested in a metal-hydrogen peroxide semi-fuel cell.
Patterns of free radical reactivity. Part 3 (1963)

C. H. Bamford and A. D. Jenkins, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1963, 59, 530 DOI: 10.1039/TF9635900530
Crystal engineering of neutral N-arylpyrimidinones and their HCl and HNO3 adducts with a C–H⋯O supramolecular synthon. Implications for non-linear optics (2001)

In a previous crystallographic study of some N-arylpyrimidinones 1, we noted that: (1) C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect molecules in a linear array; (2) the charge transfer axis of the chromophore is aligned with the main symmetry operator of point groups 2 or m at ca. 57°, a value that is close to the ideal angle of 54.74°; (3) the methyl and chloro derivatives are isostructural. In this paper, we report the characterisation of chloride and nitrate salt adducts of 1 by X-ray diffraction and the analysis of their packing motifs. Recurrence of the same C–H⋯O supramolecular synthon in three neutral and five HCl and HNO3 adducts of 1 signifies the robustness of this weak hydrogen bond. The occurrence of a mirror plane m in a family of eight crystal structures (four Pnma, two P21/m, one Pbcm, and one Pmn21) is unusual because this symmetry operation is generally avoided due to close packing considerations. Ab initio calculations show that the bisected phenyl conformation present in these crystal structures is the most stable conformation of the pyrimidinone molecule. The presence of aryl and pyrimidinone chromophores in 1, the correct alignment of the aromatic ring in the crystal and the occurrence of 2D polar layers in some crystal structures are favourable factors for non-linear optical applications. However, a strategy for the crystallisation of these achiral molecules in non-centrosymmetric space groups is yet to be achieved. This crystal engineering study simplifies the challenge of complete 3D structural control into a modular 2D + 1D problem.
Monte Carlo Techniques for Stochastic Pert Network Analysis (1971)

The choice of analytic, approximation, or Monte Carlo methods (and combinations thereof) as means of solving the stochastic PERT problem depends on the activity cumulative distribution functions, network configuration, computing resources available, and desired accuracy. When Monte Carlo methods are Indicated, there exist several techniques for improving accuracy and diminishing computational effort. In this paper the application of five such techniques is described: antithetic variates, stratified sampling, control variates,regression, and conditioned sampling. These techniques may be used separately or in combinations; their existence makes Monte Carlo methods much more attractive in the investigation of stochastic PERT networks.
Mechanisms of protective immunity against <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> infection in mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae. IV. Analysis of the role of IgE antibodies and mast cells. (1983)

Mice resistant to challenge infection with Schistosoma mansoni by vaccination with highly irradiated cercariae were examined for the presence of circulating IgE antibodies and peritoneal mast cells sensitized against schistosome antigens. Significant levels of SWAP- or CAP-specific IgE antibodies could not be detected by solid phase radioimmunoassay in the sera of C57BL/6 mice during the first 6 wk after vaccination. Similarly, heatlabile antibodies capable of passively sensitizing normal mast cells for degranulation in response to SWAP could not be identified in the same sera. In contrast, peritoneal mast cells harvested from C57BL/6 mice 2 wk or later after vaccination gave strong degranulation responses when challenged with SWAP or CAP. Thus, vaccination with irradiated cercariae induces an unusual form of immediate-type hypersensitivity in which mast cells become sensitized in the absence of detectable circulating IgE antibodies. Mice deficient in mast cells (W/Wv mutant strain) were observed to develop the same resistance to challenge infection after vaccination with irradiated cercariae as nondeficient littermates. Similarly, vaccinated SJL/J mice were found to mount an extremely weak IgE response as measured by mast cell degranulation yet displayed the same level of resistance to challenge infection as other inbred mice developing potent mast cell responses. These findings argue that IgE antibodies and mast cells are not essential components in the effector mechanism of irradiated vaccine-induced immunity against schistosome infection.
RNA Ligation (2014)

This chapter contains sections titled: General Introduction RNA Ligation Using T4 DNA Ligase (T4 Dnl) Simultaneous Splint Ligation of Five RNA Fragments to Generate RNAs for FRET Experiments T4 RNA Ligase(s) References
PAPILLARY RENAL CELL CARCINOMA WITH CLEAR CELLS – PATHOLOGICAL, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND CYTOGENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A NOVEL ENTITY (2008)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2008PAPILLARY RENAL CELL CARCINOMA WITH CLEAR CELLS – PATHOLOGICAL, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND CYTOGENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A NOVEL ENTITY Tobias Klatte, Jonathan W Said, David B Seligson, Michela De Martino, Jeffrey LaRochelle, Brian Shuch, Fairooz F Kabbinavar, Arie S Belldegrun, and Allan J Pantuck Tobias KlatteTobias Klatte More articles by this author , Jonathan W SaidJonathan W Said More articles by this author , David B SeligsonDavid B Seligson More articles by this author , Michela De MartinoMichela De Martino More articles by this author , Jeffrey LaRochelleJeffrey LaRochelle More articles by this author , Brian ShuchBrian Shuch More articles by this author , Fairooz F KabbinavarFairooz F Kabbinavar More articles by this author , Arie S BelldegrunArie S Belldegrun More articles by this author , and Allan J PantuckAllan J Pantuck More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(08)60488-7AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "PAPILLARY RENAL CELL CARCINOMA WITH CLEAR CELLS – PATHOLOGICAL, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND CYTOGENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A NOVEL ENTITY." The Journal of Urology, 179(4S), p. 169 © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 179Issue 4SApril 2008Page: 169 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Tobias Klatte More articles by this author Jonathan W Said More articles by this author David B Seligson More articles by this author Michela De Martino More articles by this author Jeffrey LaRochelle More articles by this author Brian Shuch More articles by this author Fairooz F Kabbinavar More articles by this author Arie S Belldegrun More articles by this author Allan J Pantuck More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Long-Chain Aliphatic Polymers To Bridge the Gap between Semicrystalline Polyolefins and Traditional Polycondensates (2016)

Other than their established short-chain congeners, polycondensates based on long-chain difunctional monomers are often dominated by the long methylene sequences of the repeat units in their solid-state structures and properties. This places them between traditional polycondensates and polyethylenes. The availability of long-chain monomers as a key prerequisite has benefited much from advances in the catalytic conversion of plant oils, via biotechnological and purely chemical approaches, likewise. This has promoted studies of, among others, applications-relevant properties. A comprehensive account is given of long-chain monomer syntheses and the preparation and physical properties, morphologies, mechanical behavior, and degradability of long-chain polyester, polyamides, polyurethanes, polyureas, polyacetals, and polycarbonates.
Latest advances in innate antiviral defence (2009)

Recent identification of key components in the pattern recognition receptor pathway of retinoic acid-inducible gene-1-like receptors, coupled with characterisation of a new cytoplasmic DNA-sensing molecule, have led to a greater understanding of the role viral nucleic acids play in activating innate immunity. This activation of type I interferon is essential for both limiting viral infection and stimulating activation of the adaptive immune response.
Formal Total Synthesis of (±)-Estrone and Zirconocene-Promoted Cyclization of 2-Fluoro-1,7-octadienes and Ru-Catalyzed Ring Closing Metathesis (2008)

A new and diastereoselective method for the synthesis of the estrone skeleton from a substituted styrene based on sequential 3-fold use of Cp 2ZrBu 2 (oxidative addition-alkylation and two cyclization-alkylation sequences) and a ruthenium complex catalyzed RC-metathesis of a sterically hindered diene was developed. The prepared estratetraene was obtained in 7 steps from a commercially available starting material and thus the overall synthesis of estrone could be accomplished in 9 steps. Moreover, we have also found that the course of the reaction of substrates bearing the 2-halo-1,7-diene moiety with Cp 2ZrBu 2, i.e., cyclization or oxidative addition to the C-X bond, could be controlled by the nature of the halogen leaving group.
The Measured Energy Impact of Infiltration in an Outdoor Test Cell (1996)

Air infiltration energy consumption was investigated in an outdoor test cell with different leakage configurations and air flow rates under both infiltration and exfiltration. Measurements showed that under heating conditions, the air infiltration energy consumption ranged from 55 percent less than to 15 percent greater than the classically calculated values, depending on the air flow rate and direction (infiltration or exfiltration), solar radiation, and air leakage configuration.
A Novel High Frequency Signal Injection Strategy for Self-Sensing Control of Electric AC Machine Drives (2018)

In this paper, an improved high frequency (HF)injection method coupled with a robust observer is proposed for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM), to estimate position, speed and acceleration without mechanical sensors. The contribution is twofold. First, a square-wave HF signal injection method with a new demodulation process is adopted to improve the performances of the self-sensing control. Second, an extended sliding mode observer combined with the HF method is proposed to get over the knowledge of machine parameters (inductances, inertia, frictions, ...)and to improve the estimation error in transient modes, which are the drawbacks of existing tracking algorithms (phase-locked loop (PLLs), mechanical system observers, inverse of tangent). Simulation and experimental results are provided to show the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed strategy in the framework of electric propulsion used in automotive applications.
Detection of heterozygotes of X-linked ichthyosis by measuring steroid sulphatase activity of lymphocytes. Mode of inheritance in three families (1985)

Steroid sulphatase activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes was assayed in all available members of three families in which cases of X-linked ichthyosis were frequently seen. Lymphocytes from all the patients with this disease lacked steroid sulphatase activity and some female members who were probably heterozygotes, showed significantly lower enzyme activity compared with other healthy family members and normal controls. This suggest that females heterozygous for X-linked ichthyosis in these families could be traced enzymatically. Three childless females in these families were found to be possible heterozygotes in view of their lower enzyme levels. It was found that polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic mobility of serum low-density lipoproteins was increased in X-linked ichthyosis patients but was not changed in the probable heterozygotes. The detection of individuals heterozygous for X-linked ichthyosis, for the purpose of precise genetic counselling, may be possible by measuring steroid sulphatase activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes.