gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of the neuronal adaptor protein X11alpha protects against memory dysfunction in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. (2010)

X11alpha is a neuronal-specific adaptor protein that binds to the amyloid-beta protein precursor (AbetaPP). Overexpression of X11alpha reduces Abeta production but whether X11alpha also protects against Abeta-related memory dysfunction is not known. To test this possibility, we crossed X11alpha transgenic mice with AbetaPP-Tg2576 mice. AbetaPP-Tg2576 mice produce high levels of brain Abeta and develop age-related defects in memory function that correlate with increasing Abeta load. Overexpression of X11alpha alone had no detectable adverse effect upon behavior. However, X11alpha reduced brain Abeta levels and corrected spatial reference memory defects in aged X11alpha/AbetaPP double transgenics. Thus, X11alpha may be a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.
Quantitation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus by Culture and Polymerase Chain Reaction in Response to Didanosine after Long-Term Therapy with Zidovudine (1994)

Measurements of human immunodeficiency virus by quantitative RNA and DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cell and plasma infectivity dilution cultures, and immune complex-disassociated p24 antigen-capture ELISA were made repeatedly in 10 subjects receiving long-term zidovudine treatment before and after therapy was changed to didanosine. Comparison of baseline assays showed that quantitative cell cultures, plasma RNA, and proviral DNA were measurable in all subjects and that cell culture results were significantly correlated with measures of nucleic acids. Plasma viremia (as indicated by culture) and p24 antigen were detected in three measurements in 3 of 8 and 6 of 10 subjects, respectively. Significant decreases in plasma RNA and cell dilution cultures from baseline were maintained for up to 6 months after initiation of didanosine therapy. These findings demonstrate a decrease in virus burden with the use of didanosine; however, continued detection of plasma RNA suggests that additional antiviral therapy will be required to suppress viral replication.
International Registry on Factor XIII Deficiency: A basis formed mostly on European data (2007)

FXIII deficiency is known as one of the rarest blood coagulation disorders. In this study, the phenotypic and in part genotypic data of 104 FXIII-deficient patients recorded from 1993 - 2005 are presented. The most common bleeding symptoms were subcutaneous bleeding (57%) followed by delayed umbilical cord bleeding (56%), muscle hematoma (49%), hemorrhage after surgery (40%), hemarthrosis (36%), and intracerebral bleeding (34%). Prophylactic treatment was initiated in about 70% of all patients. FXIII-B subunit-deficient patients had a milder phenotype than patients with FXIII-A subunit deficiency. The most frequent mutation affecting the F13A gene was a splice site mutation in intron 5 (IVS5-1G>A). This mutation was found in eight (17%) of 46 analyzed families. The haplotype analysis of patients carrying the IVS5-1A allele was consistent with a founder effect. The international registry (http://www.f13-database.de) will provide clinicians and scientists working on FXIII deficiency with a helpful tool to improve patient care and direct future studies towards better understanding and treatment of the disease.
Phosphorus ablation process as a hydrogen atom probe in a remote H2 plasma reactor (1995)

The ablation process of phosphorus by H atoms has been applied to the measurement of the H atom density in the downstream current of a H2 plasma. The calibration of the etching rate in terms of absolute density of H atoms has been done on the basis of their decay kinetics in the afterglow region. H atom density data have been determined by operating H2 plasmas at different values of gas flow rate, rf power, and pressure.
Integrated ferroelectric monomorph transducers for acoustic imaging (1997)

Abstract Millimeter-sized ferroelectric monomorph sonar transducers have been built using sol-gel PZT on micromachined silicon wafers. The fabrication of monolithic transducer arrays on silicon wafers is described. Transducers have been tested in water in the frequency range of 0.5 to 4 MHz. Individual transducer diaphragms varied from 0.2 to 2 mm in size. Improvements to the sol-gel process have yielded high-quality, crack-free PZT films up to 12 μm in thickness, which leads directly to higher sensitivity and figure of merit for acoustic transducers. The longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient d33 is 140–180 pC/N, measured through a double beam laser interferometer. Remanent polarization of 34 μC/cm2, a coercive field of 42 kV/cm, and dielectric constant of 1400 were measured on 4-μm thick films. Results of air and in-water testing are presented, including frequency response, beam patterns, and output capacitance. High-resolution acoustic images of have been generated using these transducers and a four-element underwater acoustic lens. Potential applications for these transducers include high-frequency imaging sonars, medical ultrasound, ultrasonic communication links, and flaw detection (NDT).
Lime Columns—A New Foundation Method (1979)

A new foundation method is described where columns manufactured in situ by mixing soft clay with unslaked lime are used as foundation for light structures to reduce settlements and to increase the bearing capacity. Methods have been developed for the calculation of total and differential settlements based on results from full-scale tests. The lime columns also function as drains in soft clay which increase the consolidation rate of the soil.
Coexistence of multiple escape mechanisms in a BRAF<sup>V600E</sup>-mutated cutaneous melanoma treated with vemurafenib. (2013)

9014 Background: Mechanisms of acquired resistance to vemurafenib are the subject of intense research. Here we report, for the first time, two coexisting yet mutually exclusive mechanisms of escape in a melanoma patient who presented an excellent clinical response following reintroduction of vemurafenib. Methods: To investigate the mechanisms of resistance to vemurafenib, we performed whole-exome sequencing using the Illumina technology of a pre-treatment paraffin-embedded lymph node metastasis (Pre) and of two progressing subcutaneous snap-frozen metastases of the right arm (PV1 and PV2). The tumor samples, along with germline controls, were sequenced at high coverage (mean range 268x-356x). Results: We identified 107 exonic somatic Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs) in Pre, 139 SNVs in PV1, and 127 SNVs in PV2, generating a set of 202 different SNVs, 82 of which were common to all 3 samples. The non-synonymous to synonymous ratios were higher for PV1 (1.82) than for PV2 (1.46), and lower for Pre (1.31). C>T transitions, largely predominated in the samples, indicating light-induced damage. Two independent NRAS escape mutations (Q61K and Q61R) where observed in PV1, whereas appearance of a BRAF splice variant (lack of exon 4-10) was present in PV2. Most importantly, these 2 escape mechanisms were mutually exclusive, i.e. no BRAF splice variant was observed by PCR in PV1 and no NRAS mutation found in PV2. Conclusions: Our results clearly demonstrate that multiple molecular escape mechanisms can be both coexistent and mutually exclusive. These findings have clinical implications: firstly, local treatment of isolated progressing lesions and continuation of vemurafenib could be supported by the fact that the resistance mechanisms are not necessarily shared. This approach is currently being tested within clinical trials with preliminary results that seem to support this hypothesis. Secondly, the coexistence of divergent escapes within the same patient strongly argues that single biopsy analysis at progression might not reflect the molecular complexity of tumor progression, and therefore might not be sufficient to guide selection of second-line optimal combination therapy.
IgM Antibodies Directed to HIV: The Neglected Issue? (1994)

SCOPUS: ar.j
Students' written reports as an essential part of a casebased learning programme in anatomy (1992)

This paper reports on second-year medical students' views and performance on the written reports for the cases that were studied in a case-based learning programme in anatomy at the University of Otago in 1988. The mean marks for the reports for the three main categories of student entry are presented. Differential performance on the written reports relative to the case-based component of the examination held at the end of the year has been determined for each student in the class and ranked in order. The proportions of students falling in the top and bottom quartiles for the class are given. The data taken together indicate that with an intensive programme of case-based learning in 1988, optimal performance in the written reports was reached at an early stage by the graduates whereas the two undergraduate categories improved their performance towards the end of the programme.
Eine dreistufige Synthese der δ‐Aminolaevulinsäure (1984)

Abstract Piperidin‐2,5‐dion (4) kann durch katalytische Hydrierung von 5‐Hydroxypyridon(2) (3) erhalten werden. Hydrolytische Ringöffnung ergibt δ‐Aminolaevulinsäure·HCl (2) .
Tools of the trade (2003)

Michael R. Cohen is president of the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP), a nonprofit organization that derives its reports from the USP-ISMP Medication Errors Reporting Program. To report medication errors, call the USP at 1-800-23-ERROR (233-7767). You can reach the ISMP at 215-947-7797 or via E-mail at [email protected].
Multistep adhesion of <i>Plasmodium</i> sporozoites (2010)

Adhesion of eukaryotic cells is a complex process during which interactions between extracellular ligands and cellular receptors on the plasma membrane modulate the organization of the cytoskeleton. Pathogens particularly rely often on adhesion to tissues or host cells in order to establish an infection. Here, we examined the adhesion of Plasmodium sporozoites, the motile form of the malaria parasite transmitted by the mosquito, to flat surfaces. Experiments using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and analysis of sporozoites under flow revealed a stepwise and developmentally regulated adhesion process. The sporozoite-specific transmembrane proteins TRAP and S6 were found to be important for initial adhesion. The structurally related protein TLP appears to play a specific role in adhesion under static conditions, as tlp(-) sporozoites move 4 times less efficiently than wild-type sporozoites. This likely reflects the decreased intradermal sporozoite movement of sporozoites lacking TLP. Further, these three sporozoite surface proteins also act in concert with actin filaments to organize efficient adhesion of the sporozoite prior to initiating motility and host cell invasion.
Immunology and Inflammation (2004)

Both Nitric Oxide synthase and Cyclo-oxygenase exist in constitutive and inducible isoforms (iNOS and COX II respectively).The co-expression of the inducible isofonns of these enzymes was investigated in colectomy specimens from patients with ative ulcerative colitis (n=6) and in patients undergoing resection for colorectal carcinoma (n=4).Tissues were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and post-fixed in buffered 1% paraformaldehyde as required.RT-PCR using specific prnmers for iNOS and COX-II was performed.PCR products were sequenced and then used to generate radio- labelled single stranded DNA probes for in situ hybridisation (ISH) in order to investigate the localisation of iNOS and COX II mRNA.ABC immunostaining techniques using mouse polyclonal iNOS, COX II and COX I antibodies were perforned.Qualitative RT-PCR revealed the presence of both iNOS and COX H mRNA in all of the specimens examined.ISH showed iNOS mRNA concentrated in the epithelial layer.In ulcerative colitis, but not in normals, iNOS immunostaining was positive in the colonic epithelium, infiltrating cells of the submucosa and smooth muscle cells.COX I immunostaining was predominantly in the epithelium and was similar in ulcerative colitis and normals, but epithelial COX II immunostaining was greater in ulcerative colitis.These preliminary results suggest that the expression of iNOS and COX H in the colonic epithelium may be important in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.
High-resolution crystal structure of the human Notch 1 ankyrin domain (2005)

The Notch receptor is part of a highly conserved signalling system of central importance to animal development. Its ANK (ankyrin) domain is required for Notch-mediated signal transduction. The crystal structure of the human Notch 1 ANK domain was solved by molecular replacement at 1.9 A (1 A=0.1 nm) resolution, and it shows that the features identified in the Drosophila homologue are conserved. The domain has six of the seven ANK repeats predicted from sequence. The putative first repeat, which has only part of the consensus and a long insertion, is disordered in both molecules in the asymmetric unit, possibly due to the absence of the RAM (RBPJkappa-associated molecule) region N-terminal to it. The exposed hydrophobic core is involved in intermolecular interactions in the crystal. Evolutionary trace analysis identified several residues that map to the hairpins of the structure and may be of functional importance. Based on the Notch 1 ANK structure and analysis of homologous Notch ANK sequences, we predict two possible binding sites on the domain: one on the concave surface of repeat 2 and the other below the hairpins of repeats 6-7.
Age exacerbates chronic catecholamine-induced impairments in contractile reserve in the rat (2011)

Contractile reserve decreases with advancing age and chronic isoproterenol (ISO) administration is a well-characterized model of cardiac hypertrophy known to impair cardiovascular function. This study evaluated whether nonsenescent, mature adult rats are more susceptible to detrimental effects of chronic ISO administration than younger adult rats. Rats received daily injections of ISO (0.1 mg/kg sc) or vehicle for 3 wk. ISO induced a greater impairment in contractile reserve [maximum of left ventricular pressure development (Δ+dP/dt(max))] in mature adult ISO-treated (MA-ISO) than in young adult ISO-treated rats (YA-ISO) in response to infusions of mechanistically distinct inotropes (digoxin, milrinone; 20-200 μl·kg(-1)·min(-1)), while basal and agonist-induced changes in heart rate and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) were not different across groups. ISO decreased expression of the calcium handling protein, sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase-2a, in MA-ISO compared with YA, YA-ISO, and MA rats. Chronic ISO also induced greater increases in cardiac hypertrophy [left ventricular (LV) index: 33 ± 3 vs. 22 ± 5%] and caspase-3 activity (34 vs. 5%) in MA-ISO relative to YA-ISO rats. Moreover, β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) mRNA expression was significantly elevated in MA-ISO. These results demonstrate that adult rats develop greater impairments in systolic performance than younger rats when exposed to chronic catecholamine excess. Reduced contractile reserve may result from calcium dysregulation, increased caspase-3 activity, or increased β-MHC and ANF expression. Although several studies report age-related declines in systolic performance in older and senescent animals, the present study demonstrates that catecholamine excess induces reductions in systolic performance significantly earlier in life.
SANS and SAXS study of the structure of organosilicon dendrimers in solutions (2002)

The structure of allylcarbosilane dendrimers of the fifth, sixth, and seventh generations in solutions was studied using SANS and SAXS methods. It was shown that small-angle scattering profiles of dendrimers can be accurately modeled by scattering from uniform globular particles. Using the SANS contrast variation method, it was demonstrated that dendrimer molecules in solutions do not contain closed inner cavities inaccessible to the solvent. Based on the intensity of small-angle neutron scattering measured in absolute units, the partial volume of the dendrimer in solution was determined and the volume fraction (30-40%) of open inner cavities in the efficient dendrimer volume accessible to the solvent was calculated. It was discovered that the end groups of dendrimers are localized in their surface layer.
Germinal center cells are a major IL-5-responsive B cell population in peripheral lymph nodes engaged in the immune response. (1990)

Germinal center formation and the development of B cell memory in lymphoid tissue is a T cell-dependent process. The specific B cell-T cell interactions, and/or cytokines, resulting in germinal center cell growth have not yet been identified. Germinal center B cells were separated from other lymph node (LN) B cells by panning on peanut agglutinin (PNA)-coated dishes. Resulting fractions enriched for PNA+ (germinal center) B cells, and the PNA- (other) LN B cells from immune SJL mice were assayed for proliferation in the presence of cytokines. PNA+ and PNA- B cells responded equally to IL-4 in the anti-mu co-stimulator assay. In contrast, PNA+ B cells responded to murine (r)IL-5 or human B cell growth factor in the dextran sulfate (DxS) co-stimulator assay, to a much greater degree than did PNA- B cells. The same results were obtained with PNA+ and PNA- cells from LAF1 mice. Unfractionated LN B cells from nonimmunized SJL or BALB/c mice did not respond to IL-5 with or without DxS. B cell populations from BALB/c mice such as from spleen and peritoneal cavity, which are known to be high in Ly-1+B cells, responded to IL-5 alone, and more dramatically, to IL-5 as a co-stimulator with DxS. Such populations of cells from SJL mice, which are known to contain low numbers of Ly-1+B cells, responded markedly less. These results are consistent with those of others which show that in nonimmunized mice, Ly-1+B cells are a major IL-5 responsive subpopulation. IL-1 enhanced the proliferation of PNA+ cells in response to rIL-5 and had no effect on PNA- cells. IL-4 and IL-5 did not enhance each other's effects as co-stimulators of proliferation. In contrast to PNA+ B cells from immune LN, B cells activated by Escherichia coli endotoxin exhibited no responses to rIL-5. The present results indicate that in immune LN, PNA+, germinal center B cells constitute a prominent IL-5-responsive population.
Structural Properties and Melting of 2D-Plasma Crystals (2005)

Melting of a monolayer plasma crystal was induced by an electric pulse. We investigated, how structural parameters like defect fraction and correlation lengths as well as dynamical properties like the particle kinetic energy changed during the recrystallisation. As an indication of the phase transition, the change of the Lindemann parameter and the Coulomb coupling parameter were considered.
A prospective study of teleconferencing for orthopaedic consultations (1999)

We carried out a prospective study of teleconsulting in orthopaedics. A commercial videoconferencing system was connected by three ISDN lines between the Satakunta Central Hospital in Pori and the Orton Orthopaedic Hospital in Helsinki, 240 km away. A document camera was used to transfer radiographic images and paper documents. Twenty-nine patients who needed an orthopaedic consultation were studied over three months. They were examined by a surgeon in Pori with the aid of teleconferencing and again later in a traditional, face-to-face appointment in Helsinki. Patients and doctors completed questionnaires after the consultations. Technically, the videoconferencing system functioned reliably and the quality of the video was judged to be good. Twenty patients (69%) would not have needed to travel for a face-to-face appointment, because the teleconsultation afforded a definite treatment decision. The orthopaedic surgeons considered all the treatment decisions arising from the teleconsultation good, except in one case which was considered satisfactory. The quality of the radiographic images transferred with the document camera was good or very good in 17 cases and satisfactory in three cases. None of the patients had experienced videoconferencing before; 87% of them thought that teleconsultation was a good or very good method and the rest felt that it was satisfactory. All patients wanted to participate in teleconsultations again and most would have recommended it to other patients.
Emission of Terbium Hexa-Antipyrine Tri-Iodide (1959)

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How Is Pain Influenced by Cognition? Neuroimaging Weighs In (2013)

Neuroimaging can inform cognitive theories to the extent that particular patterns of brain activity are sensitively and specifically associated with particular types of cognitive processes. We illustrate the utility of neuroimaging data in one specific case: understanding cognitive influences on pain. We first argue that pain self-reports are often inadequate to fully characterize pain experience and the processes that underlie it. Then, we describe how neuroimaging measures have been used to corroborate the effects of psychological manipulations on pain by focusing on placebo treatments and demonstrating effects on the best available correlates of pain experience. In addition, using placebo analgesia as an example, we argue that brain evidence is useful for building psychological theories likely to yield valid and generalizable predictions, because biologically informed theories are grounded in the constraints inherent in the relevant physiological systems. Finally, we suggest that neuroimaging findings will become increasingly useful for constraining psychological inference as brain patterns diagnostic of particular types of mental events are identified and characterized. In our view, the relationships between biological findings and cognitive theory are empirically based and must develop through an iterative process of synthesis across studies, topics, and methods.
Quantum Computing and Quantum Communication with Electrons in Nanostructures (1999)

If the states of spins in solids can be created, manipulated, and measured at the single-quantum level, an entirely new form of information processing, quantum computing and quantum communication, will be possible. We review our proposed spin-quantum dot architecture for a quantum computer and review some recent results on a deterministic source of entanglement generated by coupling quantum dots. Addressing the feasibility of quantum communication with entangled electrons we consider a scattering set-up with an entangler and beam splitter where the current noise exhibits bunching behavior for electronic singlet states and antibunching behavior for triplet states. We show that spin currents can produce noise even in the absence of any charge currents.
Clinical features of adult-onset ankylosing spondylitis in Korean patients: patients with peripheral joint disease (PJD) have less severe spinal disease course than those without PJD (2004)

Peripheral joints as well as shoulder and hip joints were more frequently involved during the disease course in Korean AAS patients compared with earlier reports in Caucasians. The general joint involvement pattern of PJD was similar to patterns reported previously. Our data suggest that, clinically and radiographically, AAS patients with PJD have a less severe spinal disease course than those without PJD.