gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-speed production lens testing (1981)

This paper presents a method of high-speed production lens testing by modulation transfer function (MTF) measurement. An MTF measuring system is developed for the purpose of routine go-not go testing of photographic lenses. An operator can test one lens in less than ten seconds which includes not only the time of MTF measurement but also the time of operator's manual work for attaching and detaching a lens to/from the system. The photodiode arrays are utilized as scanners of line spread functions. MTFs are measured for on-axis and off-axis position in the image field of 24x35mm film format. There are 14 items which are checked by MTF values, and if all the measured MTF values for each of the items clear the specified values, ao-sign is displayed on the indicator. The system can be used for testing photographic lenses that are in the range of focal length from 35mm to 300mm, and F-stop from 1.2 to 5.6.
Clinical outcomes 1 year after empiric 131I therapy for hyperthyroid disorders (2017)

Empirically administered I for GD and MNG was associated with very high efficacy in thyroid function control and no side effects. Thyroid volume reduction did not preclude treatment efficacy. Activity calculation could be a useful method for treating patients with GD and thyroid volumes higher than 26 ml or patients with MNG and thyroid volumes higher than 40 ml. A selective approach based on pretherapeutic thyroid volume and radioiodine biokinetics might improve treatment success.
Extended x-ray absorption fine structure of metastable bcc and fcc phases in mechanically alloyed Fe–Cu (1996)

The extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) technique has been employed to monitor the formation of thermodynamically unstable solid solutions induced by mechanical alloying in the positive heat of mixing Fe–Cu system. Local structural changes are clearly observed, with Cu taking on bcc coordination in the bcc (Fe80Cu20) solid solution, and Fe taking on fcc coordination in the fcc (Fe50Cu50) solid solution. Atomic level alloying is demonstrated through curve fitting to ab initio simulations. A difference is observed in the behavior of bcc and fcc ball milled samples, with a large reduction in first shell coordination number observed in bcc nanocrystalline structures (pure Fe and Fe80Cu20), but not in the fcc nanocrystalline structures (Fe50Cu50). This is believed to be due to the inability of the fcc structure to retain a high defect density.
Application of a cooperative control system to residue fluid catalytic cracking plant using a knowledge based system and model predictive multivariable control (2002)

Describes the implementation of cooperative control system for a residue fluid catalytic cracking plant in a refinery using a knowledge based control system and a model predictive multivariable control system (PMC system). The PMC system is effective in the area of time-delay and interference process. However, due to their poor response to large time-delay and non-linearity, it sometimes fails to control actual plants in a refinery. On the other hand, expert operators control their plants with large time-delay and non-linearity fairly well by manipulating the setpoints of regulatory controllers. The proposed cooperative control system therefore combines their advantages. The knowledge based control system is used to determine set points of the reactor temperature, feed flow rate and recycle flow rate with large time-delays and non-linearity using 'if then' type rules based on expert operators' know-how. The PMC system sets the targets of PID controllers for other operation variables and keeps the process within constraints to achieve desired process conditions, which are difficult for operators to control because of time-delay and interference among those manipulated variables. The implemented cooperative control system showed a satisfactory performance in the actual plant.
High-dose methotrexate for elderly patients with primary CNS lymphoma (2008)

The introduction of methotrexate (MTX)-based chemotherapy has improved median survival for patients with primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL). Older age is a negative prognostic marker in patients with PCNSL and may increase the likelihood of MTX toxicity. We studied the response and adverse effects of intravenous high-dose MTX in patients who were 70 or more years of age at the time of diagnosis. We identified 31 patients at our institution diagnosed with PCNSL at age > or =70 years (median, 74 years) who were treated with high-dose MTX (3.5-8 g/m(2)) as initial therapy from 1992 through 2006. The best response to MTX was determined by contrast-enhanced MRI. Toxicity was analyzed by chart review. These 31 patients received a total of 303 cycles of MTX (median, eight cycles per patient). Overall, 87.9% of the cycles required dose reduction because of impaired creatinine clearance. In 30 evaluable patients, the overall radiographic response rate was 96.7%, with 18 complete responses (60%) and 11 partial responses (36.7%). Progression-free survival and overall survival were 7.1 months and 37 months, respectively. Grade I-IV toxicities were observed in 27 of 31 patients and included gastrointestinal disturbances in 58% (3.2% grade III), hematological complications in 80.6% (6.5% grade III), and renal toxicity in 29% (0% grade III/IV). High-dose MTX is associated with a high proportion of radiographic responses and a low proportion of grade III/IV toxicity in patients 70 or more years of age. High-dose MTX should be considered as a feasible treatment option in elderly patients with PCNSL.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRIDAZINES PART 5, PREPARATION AND REACTIONS OF SOME DIALKYLAMINOPYRIDAZINONES (1973)

Abstract Die Reaktion des Pyridazinons (I) mit den Aminen (II) liefert die Derivate (III), während aus den Chlorverbindungen (IVa), (IVb), (IVc) und (X) mit Dimethylamin (V) bzw. Morpholin (IIb) die Derivate (VI) bzw. (VIIa) und (VIIb) bzw. (VIII) und (IX) bzw. (XIa) und (XIb) entstehen.
The Effects of Non-Air Mixtures on the Operation of a Diesel Engine by Experiment and by Simulation (1998)

This paper presents the findings of a detailed investigation to determine the performance effects of a diesel engine when the inert nitrogen (N 2 ) in air is replaced by carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). The requirement for a diesel engine to operate in such a manner is access to free air being prohibited, as is the case with a submarine power generation unit. Numerous projects have investigated non-air-breathing diesel engine systems. The more recent ones have concentrated on strategies whereby the recirculated non-air mixture maintains the thermodynamic properties of free air such that engine performance is not compromised. This has led to the addition of argon and other inert gases. However, systems utilizing purely fuel, oxygen and carbon dioxide mixtures have not been investigated since the 1960s, and owing to the confidentiality of defence-related work little public data have been made available. A Perkins T4.236 truck engine has been configured to operate on a mixture of 70 mol % CO 2 and 30 mol % O 2 when preheated to a temperature of 150 °C. Performance results show that under such inlet conditions the rated brake power of the engine (as defined by fuelling rate) degrades by 20-23 per cent with a subsequent increase in brake specific fuel consumption of 23-28 per cent. In-cylinder observations in relation to ignition delay and exhaust oxygen concentrations lead to the hypothesis that the carbon dioxide is seriously affecting both pre- and post-ignition processes by slowing down reaction rates. Investigations were also carried out to assess the capability of an existing diesel engine model, based on the filling and emptying technique, suitably modified such that it could be used to simulate non-air performance. The modifications to the model to allow parametric comparisons to be undertaken of non-air brake performance indicators were found to be within 5 per cent of experimental values.
Mode-based Obfuscation using Control-Flow Modifications (2016)

Hardware security has emerged as an important topic in the wake of increasing threats on integrated circuits which include reverse engineering, intellectual property (IP) piracy and overbuilding. This paper explores obfuscation of circuits as a hardware security measure and specifically targets digital signal processing (DSP) circuits which are part of most modern systems. The idea of using desired and undesired modes to design obfuscated DSP functions is illustrated using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) as an example. The selection of a mode is dependent on a key input to the circuit. The system is said to work in its desired mode of operation only if the correct key is applied. Other undesired modes are built into the design to confuse an adversary. The approach to obfuscating the design involves control-flow modifications which alter the computations from the desired mode. We present simulation and synthesis results on a reconfigurable, 2-parallel FFT and discuss the security of this approach. It is shown that the proposed approach results in a reconfigurable and flexible design at an area overhead of 8% and a power overhead of 10%.
Transient transcapillary exchange of water driven by osmotic forces in the heart (2003)

Osmotic transient responses in organ weight after changes in perfusate osmolarity have implied steric hindrance to small-molecule transcapillary exchange, but tracer methods do not. We obtained osmotic weight transient data in isolated, Ringer-perfused rabbit hearts with NaCl, urea, glucose, sucrose, raffinose, inulin, and albumin and analyzed the data with a new anatomically and physicochemically based model accounting for 1) transendothelial water flux, 2) two sizes of porous passages across the capillary wall, 3) axial intracapillary concentration gradients, and 4) water fluxes between myocytes and interstitium. During steady-state conditions approximately 28% of the transcapillary water flux going to form lymph was through the endothelial cell membranes [capillary hydraulic conductivity (Lp) = 1.8 +/- 0.6 x 10-8 cm. s-1. mmHg-1], presumably mainly through aquaporin channels. The interendothelial clefts (with Lp = 4.4 +/- 1.3 x 10-8 cm. s-1. mmHg-1) account for 67% of the water flux; clefts are so wide (equivalent pore radius was 7 +/- 0.2 nm, covering approximately 0.02% of the capillary surface area) that there is no apparent hindrance for molecules as large as raffinose. Infrequent large pores account for the remaining 5% of the flux. During osmotic transients due to 30 mM increases in concentrations of small solutes, the transendothelial water flux was in the opposite direction and almost 800 times as large and was entirely transendothelial because no solute gradient forms across the pores. During albumin transients, gradients persisted for long times because albumin does not permeate small pores; the water fluxes per milliosmolar osmolarity change were 200 times larger than steady-state water flux. The analysis completely reconciles data from osmotic transient, tracer dilution, and lymph sampling techniques.
Best Practices Involving Teamwork in the Classroom: Results From a Survey of 6435 Engineering Student Respondents (2007)

A teamwork survey was conducted at Oakland University, Rochester, MI, in 533 engineering and computer science courses over a two-year period. Of the 6435 student respondents, 4349 (68%) reported working in teams. Relative to the students who only worked individually, the students who worked in teams were significantly more likely to agree that the course had achieved its stated learning objectives (p < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that roughly one-quarter of the variance in belief about whether the objectives were met could be explained by four factors: 1) student satisfaction with the team experience; 2) the presence of instructor guidance related to teamwork; 3) the presence of slackers on teams; and 4) team size. Pearson product-moment correlations revealed statistically significant associations between agreement that the course objectives had been fulfilled and the use of student teams and between satisfaction with teams and the occurrences of instructor guidance on teamwork skills. These and other results suggest that assigning work to student teams can lead to learning benefits and student satisfaction, provided that the instructor pays attention to how the teams and the assignments are set up.
Effect of Propranolol on Functional Connectivity in Autism Spectrum Disorder—A Pilot Study (2010)

A decrease in interaction between brain regions is observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is believed to be related to restricted neural network access in ASD. Propranolol, a beta-adrenergic antagonist, has revealed benefit during performance of tasks involving flexibility of access to networks, a benefit also seen in ASD. Our goal was to determine the effect of propranolol on functional connectivity in ASD during a verbal decision making task as compared to nadolol, thereby accounting for the potential spurious fMRI effects due to peripheral hemodynamic effects of propranolol. Ten ASD subjects underwent fMRI scans after administration of placebo, propranolol or nadolol, while performing a phonological decision making task. Comparison of functional connectivity between pre-defined ROI-pairs revealed a significant increase with propranolol compared to nadolol, suggesting a potential imaging marker for the cognitive effects of propranolol in ASD.
Understanding and application of constructive, destructive SRAF (2008)

Acceptance of Sub Resolution Assist Feature (SRAF) has been widely recognized in lithography patterning. In general, with the insertion of SRAF in optically adjacent space area of design main feature, the aerial image intensity profiles of the corresponding main features are apparently being either constructively or destructively alternated at imaging plane [Figure 1]. From lithography patterning perspective, the optimized or better pattern imaging process requires constructive SRAF. Such SRAF is inserted into available space for main feature to obtain optimal or better image contrast, better imaging resolution and depth of focus (DOF) which is similar or close to optimal focus latitude. However, the complementary destructive SRAF insertion can adversely occur in certain circumstances. In this paper, we study the theoretical understanding of the constructive and destructive effects against design main features imaging associated with the efforts to include SRAF (it's either driven by rule, model or mishap). In addition, an evaluation scheme is developed and being explored in many aspects in order to describe the constructive and destructive response of inserted SRAF. Such evaluation scheme has derived an application to detect the degree of SRAF insertion coverage accuracy, impact on manufacturing, and most usefully, to access potential layout required optimization in design space based on these complementary effects mechanism throughout several off-axis illumination conditions. eature
Hemoglobin A1c, Body Mass Index, and the Risk of Hypertension in Women (2010)

HbA(1c) in women without diabetes was associated with an increased risk of HTN in models controlling for the majority of traditional HTN and coronary risk factors, but this relation was no longer significant after adjustment for BMI. These findings underscore the need for additional studies to delineate the important inter-relationships between glycemia and adiposity with the risk of HTN in other study populations.
OPTIMAL DIETARY BLENDING FOR HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA: LESSONS FROM PUBLISHED DATA (2003)

The study estimates the optimal dietary intake of Lagos State residents. Analysis of the available data indicates over-consumption of all nutrients which suggests that the common nutrition related health problems in Lagos State could be attributed to excessive nutrient in-take. Consumption at the optimal level would ensure adequate nutrients at a cost within people's income limitations. The results however revealed the inadequacies of using published data for the analysis. An independent diet recall survey is therefore recommended.
Electrochemical detection of monosodium glutamate in foodstuffs based on Au@MoS2/chitosan modified glassy carbon electrode (2018)

We report an amperometric immunosensor for the detection of monosodium glutamate (MSG) using a glassy carbon electrode modified with gold nanoparticle decorated on a molybdenum disulfide/chitosan (Au@MoS<sub>2</sub>/Ch) nanocomposite. In the present detection technique, Au@MoS<sub>2</sub>/Ch was used as a conductive matrix and anti-glutamate antibody was immobilized on to its surface via carbodiimide coupling method. Chemical and morphological attributes of the various components of the immunosensor were confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy, SEM, TEM and XRD analysis. Electrochemical characterizations were carried out by CV, DPV and EIS. Overall results showed the effective fabrication of highly conductive Au@MoS<sub>2</sub>/Ch nanocomposite for sensitive electrochemical detection of MSG. A linear relationship was perceived between the change in current and concentration of MSG. The relationship was found to be consistent in the detection range of 0.05-200 µM. Statistical validation of the assay showed limit of detection and limit of quantification values as 0.03 and 0.1 µM, respectively (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99).
Diet Composition and Daily Gain of Growing Cattle Grazing Dryland and Irrigated Cornstalks at Several Stocking Rates (1989)

Diet composition and the relationships between daily gain of calves grazing cornstalks and certain characteristics of the available residue and diets selected by esophageally fistulated cattle were studied in two trials during November and December of 1984 (Trial 1) and of 1986 (Trial 2). Eight adult steers and four esophageally fistulated calves were used in Trials 1 and 2, respectively, to collect extrusa samples from dryland and irrigated fields grazed at several stocking rates. Steers grazing irrigated cornstalks selected a diet with more (P less than .05) starch and less (P less than .05) CP than those grazing dryland fields. As grazing continued, extrusa starch content decreased (P less than .05). In vitro DM disappearance (IVDMD) of both diet and the roughage fraction of the diet decreased (P less than .05) with days of grazing; this decrease was greater (P less than .05) at higher stocking rates. Calves grazing dryland fields gained faster (P less than .05) than calves grazing irrigated fields. With a low level of protein supplementation (213 g CP/d, Trial 1), daily gain was positively correlated with CP of both diet (extrusa) or available leaf plus husk but not with grain available per animal or with extrusa IVDMD, suggesting that protein was first limiting. With a higher level of protein supplementation (458 g CP/d, Trial 2), daily gain was correlated positively with residue available per animal and IVDMD of extrusa at the end of the grazing season. The energy value of feed consumed by cattle grazing cornstalks decreases with time, and complex interactions between protein needs and energy intake may occur.
Rotary Resonance Recoupling in Heteronuclear Spin Pair Systems (1988)

Abstract In solid state magic angle spinning experiments on a polycrystalline sample containing dilute heteronuclear spin pairs, the usual spectrum is insensitive to small heteronuclear couplings between the spins, and to the relative orientations of the various interaction tensors. Applying a radio frequency of an intensity chosen to satisfy a rotary resonance condition can restore the heteronuclear splittings in the spectrum. Theory and numerical simulations of this effect are presented. The sensitivity of the spectra to the intensity of the radio frequency field and to the relative orientations of tensors is explored. To fully explain the experimental results, it is necessary to postulate a small phase modulation induced by the motion of the sample through a radio frequency field of non‐uniform direction.
Sagittal configuration of the spine and growth of the posterior elements in early scoliosis (1994)

The early changes of the sagittal alignment of the spine and the asymmetry between the posterior and anterior elements were determined on the basis of 134 lateral and 167 anteroposterior radiographs obtained from a control group and from patients with early scoliosis. The radiographs were allocated into four groups according to the degree of the Cobb angle. In thoracic curves with a Cobb angle of more than 8 degrees, the kyphosis and the vertebral sagittal wedge angle decreased in comparison with the control group. The sagittal-wedge angle of the disc did not change significantly with increasing Cobb angle. The pedicle height in relation to the vertebral height, considered to represent the growth of the posterior element in relation to the growth of the anterior element, was not significantly different in the scoliotic groups as compared with the control group. The results indicate that changes of the sagittal configuration of the spine occur early in idiopathic scoliosis and that they are associated with disturbed growth of the vertebral body but not of the posterior elements. These findings seem to reflect a simultaneous deformation in the coronal and sagittal planes rather than a single growth disturbance in any specific plane.
Polarity and structure of derivatives of bis(2-phenylethyl)selenophosphinic acid (2017)

Abstract Conformational analysis of derivatives of bis(2-phenylethyl)selenophosphinic acid was carried out by the method of dipole moments and density functional theory calculations. The conformations of the examined compounds fit into the overall conformational picture for the PIV compounds: these derivatives exist as conformational equilibrium of non-eclipsed gauche and trans forms with propeller arrangement of the substituents relative to the P=Se bond. We stipulate that the eclipsed cis orientation of substituent may be caused by the formation of H-contact.
Impact of Dynamic Corporate News Networks on Asset Return and Volatility (2013)

This paper analyzes the relationship between asset return, volatility and the centrality indicators of a corporate news network conducting a longitudinal network analysis. We build a sequence of daily corporate news network for the period 2005-2011 using companies of the STOXX 50 index as nodes, the weights of the edges are the sum of the number of news items with the same topic by every pair of companies identified by the topic model methodology. The STOXX 50 includes the top 50 European companies by level of capitalization. We performed the Granger causality test and the Brownian distance covariance test of independence among several measures of centrality, return and volatility. We found that the average eigenvector centrality of the corporate news networks at different points of time has an impact on return and volatility of the STOXX 50 index. Likewise, return and volatility of the STOXX 50 index also has an effect on average eigenvector centrality. These results are more significant during the most important period of the recent financial crisis (January 2008-March 2009). So, we observe that there is a dynamic process that affects and is affected by return, volatility, and centrality. The causality tests suggest it is possible to improve the prediction of return and volatility by extracting and analyzing a network based on the common topics of news stories.