gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temporal streams in commercial server applications (2008)

Commercial server applications remain memory bound on modern multiprocessor systems because of their large data footprints, frequent sharing, complex non-strided access patterns, and long chains of dependant misses. To improve memory system performance despite these challenging access patterns, researchers have proposed prefetchers that exploit temporal streams-recurring sequences of memory accesses. Although prior studies show substantial performance improvement from such schemes, they fail to explain why temporal streams arise; that is, they treat commercial applications as a black box and do not identify the specific behaviors that lead to recurring miss sequences. In this paper, we perform an information-theoretic analysis of miss traces from single-chip and multi-chip multiprocessors to identify recurring temporal streams in web serving, online transaction processing, and decision support workloads. Then, using function names embedded in the application binaries and Solaris kernel, we identify the code modules and behaviors that give rise to temporal streams.
Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Simulations and Games in Human Factors Research (2010)

Much has been already been said about what simulations and games can provide that other research methodologies do not. But the complexity and richness of the results they afford in human factors research is matched by the complexity and cost of their conception, design, implementation, and validation. Though this may seem a daunting challenge to those considering such platforms for their own research, this panel aims to air the promises and pitfalls of simulations and games by sharing historical exemplars, lessons learned, and current issues in their use for human factors research. The panelists represent decades of experience in military, medical, and civilian research domains and have worked through abundant successes and failures in this area. Key issues of discussion will include cases which stand out as exemplary instances of using simulations and games in human factors research, particularly those that produced results that would have been unattainable by other methods, the challenges and constraints of participant pools (e.g. naïve subjects, access to domain experts, and suitable compromises), development of viable and engaging simulations (e.g., the problem of software written by grad students, for grad students), collection of accurate and meaningful data, and the generalizability of such game and simulation platforms as well as the adaptability of off-the-shelf solutions.
Effects of High Temperature Fuel on In-Cylinder Fuel Mixture Formation Process for DI Engine (2002)

Swirl injector spray at high fuel temperature has unipue characteristics compare with fuel temperature spray such as the strong penetration and narrow spray width. These characteristics have a possibility for improvement of fuel consumption and exhaust emission at cold start condition. Thus, Swirl injector spray at high fuel temperature condition by using multi components fuel evaporation was modeled in a CFD code to predict mixture formation process at cold engine start condition. As the results, high temperature fuel decreases wall film amount and increases vapor amount. It is concluded that high temperature fuel has a possibility for improvement of fuel consumption and exhaust emission at cold start condition.
Empowering Electroless Plating to Produce Silver Nanoparticle Films for DNA Biosensing Using Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy (2019)

To facilitate the implementation of biosensors based on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of metal nanostructures, there is a great need for cost-efficient, flexible, and tunable methods for producing plasmonic coatings. Due to its simplicity and excellent conformity, electroless plating (EP) is well suited for this task. However, it is traditionally optimized to produce continuous metal films, which cannot be employed in LSPR sensors. Here, we outline the development of an EP strategy for depositing island-like silver nanoparticle (NP) films on glass with distinct LSPR bands. The fully wet-chemical process only employs standard chemicals and proceeds within minutes at room temperature. The key step for producing spread-out NP films is an accelerated ripening of the silver seed layer in diluted hydrochloric acid, which reduces the nucleation density during plating. The reaction kinetics and mechanisms are investigated with scanning (transmission) electron microscopy (SEM/STEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-vis spectroscopy, with the latter enabling a convenient live monitoring of the deposition, allowing its termination at a stage of desired optical properties. The sensing capabilities of chemically deposited NP films as LSPR transducers are exemplified in DNA biosensing. To this end, a sensing interface is prepared using layer-by-layer (LbL) buildup of polyelectrolytes (PE), followed by adsorption and covalent immobilization of ssDNA. The obtained LSPR transducers demonstrate robustness and selectivity in sensing experiments with binding complementary and unrelated DNA strands.
Propofol inhibits pressure-stimulated macrophage phagocytosis via the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor and dysregulation of p130cas phosphorylation (2009)

Surgical stress and anesthesia result in systemic immunosuppression. Propofol, a commonly used anesthetic agent, alters immune cell functions. Previously, we demonstrated that extracellular pressure increases macrophage phagocytosis. We hypothesized that propofol might influence pressure-induced macrophage phagocytosis in monocytes from patients undergoing surgery. Pressure (20 mmHg above ambient pressure) augmented phagocytosis in monocytes from non-propofol-anesthetized patients but reduced phagocytosis in monocytes from propofol-anesthetized patients. In vitro, propofol stimulated phagocytosis but reversed pressure-induced phagocytosis in THP-1 macrophages and monocytes from healthy volunteers. The GABA(A) receptor antagonists picrotoxin and SR-95531 did not affect basal THP-1 phagocytosis or prevent pressure-stimulated phagocytosis. However, picrotoxin and SR-95531 negated the inhibitory effect of pressure in propofol-treated cells without altering propofol-induced phagocytosis. Phosphorylation of the adaptor protein p130cas was inversely related to phagocytosis: it was inhibited by pressure or propofol but increased by pressure + propofol compared with propofol alone. Reduction of p130cas by small interfering RNA in THP-1 macrophages increased basal phagocytosis and prevented pressure and propofol effects. In conclusion, propofol may alter macrophage responses to pressure via the GABA(A) receptor and p130cas, whereas pressure also acts via p130cas but independently of GABA(A) receptors. p130cas may be an important target for modulation of macrophage function in anesthetized patients.
Mechanisms of platelet dysfunction and response to DDAVP in patients with congenital platelet function defects. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial. (1995)

To examine the impact of the underlying defective platelet mechanism on the response to 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP, Desmopressin), we studied the effect of intravenous infusion of 0.3 microgram/kg of DDAVP in a randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial with cross-over in 18 carefully characterized patients with congenital platelet defects (CPD) and BT > or = 9 min. Eleven patients had normal dense granule stores and normal thromboxane A2 (TxA2) production (Group I), 3 patients had normal granule stores but impaired TxA2 production (Group II), and 4 had delta-storage pool deficiency (Group III). DDAVP shortened BT at 50 min (DDAVP 14.6 +/- 2.2 vs placebo 19.6 +/- 2.3 min; n = 18; mean +/- SE; p = 0.003) and 4 h (17.0 +/- 2.2 vs 19.6 +/- 2.1 min, p = 0.055), and raised plasma FVIIIC and von Willebrand factor (vWF). At 50 min DDAVP shortened BT by > or = 5 min in 8 of 11 Group I patients (mean 9.7 +/- 1.3 vs 16.3 +/- 2.8 min; p < 0.008), 1 of 3 Group II patients (11.9 +/- 3.9 vs 17.7 +/- 6.6; p = NS) and none of Group III patients (mean 30 min both arms). Ten patients (Group I or II) were managed successfully during surgical procedures with DDAVP alone. We conclude that DDAVP shortens BT in majority of CPD patients with normal dense granule stores and suggest that BT response may be dependent on the underlying platelet defect. DDAVP is a useful modality in management of selected patients, particularly those with normal dense granule stores.
Proton NMR study of a complex between the lac repressor headpiece and a 22 base pair symmetric lac operator (1989)

A complex between the lac repressor headpiece and a fully symmetric tight-binding 22 bp lac operator was studied by 2D NMR. Several 2D NOE spectra were recorded for the complex in both H2O and 2H2O. Many NOE cross-peaks between the headpiece and DNA could be identified, and changes in the chemical shift of the DNA protons upon complex formation were analyzed. Comparison of these data with those obtained for a complex between the headpiece and a 14 bp half-operator, studied previously [Boelens, R., Scheek, R. M., Lamerichs, R. M. J. N., de Vlieg, J., van Boom, J. H., & Kaptein, R. (1987) in DNA-ligand interactions (Guschlbauer, W., & Saenger, W., Eds.) pp 191-215, Plenum, New York], shows that two headpieces form a specific complex with the 22 bp lac operator in which each headpiece binds in the same way as found for the 14 bp complex. The orientation of the recognition helix in the major groove of DNA in these complexes is opposite with respect to the dyad axis to that found for other repressors.
Wavefront Aberration of Spheres With Local Deviations and Their Influence on the Radius Value (2019)

The spherical interferometer was one of the key experiments for the determination of the Planck constant through the X-ray crystal density method and will be essential for the realization of the kilogram on the basis of the new definition. This experiment affords the volume value and currently reached a relative uncertainty of 7·10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> . Therefore, an optical simulation of the experimental setup was initiated and could reduce the erstwhile dominating the influence of the wavefront. The first results of spheres with low form aberration in the order of 50 nm were published. For the transfer of spheres with higher deviation from roundness, the impact of the form aberration on the volume value was investigated. Synthetic data of spheres with local deviations as well as measured data of spheres with more complex topography were simulated and evaluated in detail. A magnification of these particular deviations leads to a better comprehension of the dependence of the topography to the wavefront aberration.
Sensitivity of <i>Candida albicans</i> Germ Tubes and Biofilms to Photofrin-Mediated Phototoxicity (2005)

Treatment of mucocutaneous and cutaneous Candida albicans infections with photosensitizing agents and light, termed photodynamic therapy (PDT), offers an alternative to conventional treatments. Initial studies using the clinically approved photosensitizer Photofrin demonstrated the susceptibility of C. albicans to its photodynamic effects. In the present study, we have further refined parameters for Photofrin-mediated photodynamic action against C. albicans and examined whether mechanisms commonly used by microorganisms to subvert either antimicrobial oxidative defenses or antimicrobial therapy, including biofilm formation, were operative. In buffer and defined medium, germ tubes preloaded with Photofrin retained their photosensitivity for up to 2 hours, indicating the absence of degradation or export of Photofrin by the organism. The addition of serum resulted in a gradual loss of photosensitivity over 2 hours. In contrast to an adaptive response by germ tubes to oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide, there was no adaptive response to singlet oxygen-mediated stress by photodynamic action. C. albicans biofilms were sensitive to Photofrin-mediated phototoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, the metabolic activity of C. albicans biofilms following photodynamic insult was significantly lower than that of biofilms treated with amphotericin B for the same time period. These results demonstrate that several of the mechanisms microorganisms use to subvert either antimicrobial oxidative defenses or antimicrobial therapy are apparently not operative during Photofrin-mediated photodynamic treatment of C. albicans. These observations provide support and rationale for the continued investigation of PDT as an adjunctive, or possibly alternative, mode of therapy against cutaneous and mucocutaneous candidiasis.
Factors That Attract and Repel Mosquitoes in Human Skin (1966)

The aim of this research program is to find an orally active insect repellent. By carefully screening drugs at random—a formidable task whose success depends on chance rather than knowledge—such an agent could hopefully be found. We have chosen to look instead to nature for a solution of this problem. We assume that human and animal skin contains factors attractive to mosquitoes. Knowledge of these attractant factors should lead to methods of interruption as the basis of an ideal repellent. This report reviews our efforts to measure the relative attractiveness of individuals and identify the responsible agents. <h3>Search for the Unattractive Man</h3> Folklore indicates that some humans are never bitten by mosquitoes. In casual discussion, several lay and professional colleagues have informed us that they know of at least one such person. One must be certain that this is not lack of skin reactivity to the bite. Whenever possible, we
Offline driving pattern detection and identification under usage disturbances (2012)

Optimizing the configuration of a wheel loader to customer needs can lead to a significant increase in efficiency with respect to fuel economy, cost, component dimensioning etc. Experience show that even modest customer adaptation can save around 20% of fuel cost. A key motivator for this work is that wheel loader manufacturers in general does not have full information about customer usage of the machine and the main objective here is to develop an algorithm that automatically, using only production sensors, extracts information about the usage of a machine at a specific customer site. Two main challenges are that sensors are not located with respect to this task and the significant usage disturbances that typically occur during operation. The proposed solution is a robust method, based on a mix of techniques using basic signal processing, state automaton techniques, and parameter estimation algorithms. A key property of the method is the method of combining, individually very simple, basic techniques in a scheme where robustness are introduced. The approach is evaluated on measured data of a wheel loader loading gravel and shot rock.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of N‐(Hex‐5‐enynyl) tert‐Butyloxycarbamates. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cost-Effectiveness of Antiseptic-Impregnated Central Venous Catheters for the Prevention of Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection (1999)

Our analyses suggest that use of chlorhexidine-silver sulfadiazine-impregnated central venous catheters in patients at high risk for catheter-related infections reduces the incidence of CR-BSI and death and provides significant saving in costs. Use of these catheters should be considered as part of a comprehensive nosocomial infection control program.
Correction - Isomerization Polymerization of 1,3-oxazine. I. Polymerization of unsubstituted 5,6-dihydro-4h-1,3-oxazine giving poly(n-formyltrimethlenimine) and its Alkaline Hydrolysis to poly(trimethylenimine) (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrection - Isomerization Polymerization of 1,3-oxazine. I. Polymerization of unsubstituted 5,6-dihydro-4h-1,3-oxazine giving poly(n-formyltrimethlenimine) and its Alkaline Hydrolysis to poly(trimethylenimine)Takeo Saegusa, Yoshitomi Nagura, and Shiro KobayashiCite this: Macromolecules 1974, 7, 1, 148Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60037a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60037a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views36Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Studies on the Active Components of <i>Dignea simplex</i> Ag. and Related Compounds. XII (1955)

Isobutyronitrile (IV) was prepared from isobutyric acid (I) through isobutyryl chloride (II) and isobutyramide (III), and was led to isopropyl ketone by the Grignard reaction with ethyl iodide or bromide. Isonitrosation of (V) yielded 2-isonitroso-4-methylpentan-3-one (VI) which was reduced and acetylated to 2-N-acetylamino-4-methylpentan-3-one (VII) and followed by hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid to 2-amino-4-methylpentan-3-one (VIII), obtained as the hydrochloride. (VIII) was condensed with ethyl oxalylacetate by the method of Corwin et al. to afford 2-methyl-3-isopropyl-4-ethoxycarbonyl-5-carboxypyrrole (IX) which was hydrolyzed with potassium hydroxide and decarboxylated to (XII). This substance formed a picrate of 2 moles of (XII) and 1 mole of picric acid, as in the case of 2, 3-dimethylpyrrole.
Control of proliferation and differentiation in B lymphocytes by anti-Ig antibodies and a serum-derived cofactor. (1978)

The effects of various anti-Ig antibodies on different B lymphocyte functions were investigated. With the proper accessory cofactor(s) derived from serum, anti-IgM antibodies induced a vigorous proliferative response in normal adult murine B cells, while polyspecific anti-Ig and anti-IgD had no effect. Without the required cofactor, all three anti-Ig antibodies were inhibitory for mitogenic responses. All three anti-Ig antibodies were also inhibitory for mitogen-induced antibody responses with or without the cofactor. Even with the required cofactor, neonatal B cells as well as adult C3H/HeJ B cells were not triggered into proliferation by anti-IgM. Finally, the cofactor required for anti-IgM-triggered mitogenesis was shown to be generated from serum by 2-mercaptoethanol and to be approximately 65,000 in molecular weight. These results indicate that, for at least some responses, B lymphocyte surface IgM molecules are involved in both triggering and suppression, depending both on the developmental state of the B cell and the presence or absence of accessory influences. In these experiments, IgD gave evidence only of being suppressive.
The application of electrospray ionization coupled to ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry for the molecular characterization of natural organic matter (2007)

Mass spectrometry has recently played a key role in the understanding of natural organic matter (NOM) by providing molecular-level details about its composition. NOM, a complex assemblage of organic molecules present in natural waters and soils/sediments, has the ability to bind and transport anthropogenic materials. An improved understanding of its composition is crucial in order to understand how pollutants interact with NOM and how NOM cycles through global carbon cycles. In the past, low-resolution (>3000) mass analyzers have offered some insights into the structure of NOM, but emerging ultrahigh resolution (>200,000) techniques such as electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) have significantly advanced our knowledge of NOM chemistry. Here, a review of the recent literature on the advancements of NOM characterization and the applications of mass spectrometry to this central task is presented. Various methods for the analysis and display of the extremely complex mass spectra, such as the van Krevelen diagram and Kendrick mass defect analysis, are discussed. We also review tandem mass spectrometry techniques employed to gain structural information about NOM components. Finally, we show how ESI-FT-ICR-MS has been applied to examine specific issues that are important to the NOM scientific community, such as NOM reactivity, transport and fate, degradation, and existence of components, which are indicators of NOM origin. In general, ultrahigh resolution provided by FT-ICR-MS is essential for the complete separation of the thousands of peaks present in the complex NOM mixture and will clearly lead to additional future advancements in the areas of aquatic, soil, and analytical chemistry.
Analysis of library functions for FPGA compute accelerators (2017)

As FPGAs have grown ever larger, there has been a shift in the manner in which they are programmed. Early on, it was typical for designers to design all FPGA firmware in house using VHDL and Verilog. This gradually shifted towards design reuse at the IP Core Level. However in modern times, even designs at the IP level are having trouble adapting quickly enough to customer demands. This has resulted in a change in focus towards higher level languages such as OpenCL. A key aspect of OpenCL is it's standard library and specifically the math builtins of the standard library. This paper performs an in-depth analysis of the math functions in the OpenCL standard library and develops a framework to perform further analysis of library functions being implemented on FPGAs.