gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detecting Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds by Fast Impedance Measurements (2002)

The increasing concern worldwide over the adverse effects of endocrine disruptors on human health has created a need for screening systems to detect xenoestrogens, a diverse group of environmental chemicals that mimic estrogenic actions and are hypothesized to decrease male fertility. Here, we describe a novel, class-selective detector that uses fast impedance measurements to monitor the binding of estrogen and xenoestrogens to a native estrogen receptor. We embedded the receptor in synthetic lipid bilayers attached to gold electrodes. The lipid bilayers serve as electrical circuits constructed of resistors and capacitors. Estrogen binding to the receptor-modified electrode is immediately followed by conformational changes in the lipid layer, leading to alterations of the electrical circuit components that are detected by fast impedance measurements. The electrochemical system enabled characterization of changes in the bilayer structure and quantification of estrogen binding to the receptor. To assess the effectiveness of the method for detecting environmental estrogenic chemicals, we chose two classes of xenoestrogens: bisphenol A, a synthetic xenoestrogen, and genistein, a phytoestrogen. This system is highly sensitive and amenable to use in the field, providing an efficient and economic tool for measuring minuscule amounts of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in environmental or human samples.
Recombinant and native human urinary colony-stimulating factor directly augments granulocytic and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production of human peripheral blood monocytes. (1989)

Colony-stimulating factor from human urine (CSF-HU) has been purified to a homogeneous protein, and its complementary DNA (cDNA) has been cloned. Recombinant CSF-HU was prepared from a serum-free medium conditioned by Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with the cDNA and purified by the same method as that for the native protein. Purified CSF-HU stimulated human bone marrow cells to form macrophage colonies. It also stimulated human mature monocytes prepared from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers to produce human active colony-stimulating activity that stimulates human bone marrow cells to form granulocyte and macrophage colonies. This activity was partially neutralized by the addition of both polyclonal antibodies against human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and against human granulocyte-macrophage CSF, respectively. The stimulation of monocytes by CSF-HU was not inhibited by the addition of polymyxin-B, which is known as a potent inhibitor of endotoxin. On the other hand, CSF-HU did not stimulate monocyte production of interleukin-1 and interferon. These results indicate that recombinant and native CSF-HU stimulates immature cells as well as mature cells in the human monocyte lineage.
The effects of pressure and temperature upon the viscosities of liquids with special reference to polymeric liquids (1972)

Abstract From a consideration of the work required for expansion of a liquid, the following relationship between viscosity η, pressure P and temperature T is put forward. magnified image For unassociated liquids with molecules which are not too large, V * is taken as the parachor, log 10 (η* in Ns/m 2 ) is −3.88, P * is 8.58 × 10 6 N/m 2 , R is the gas constant, and T * is a constant characteristic of each liquid. The equation can be applied to polymeric liquids if V * and η* are taken as disposable constants. For example, for polystyrene V * is found to be 3 × 10 −3 m 3 mol −1 and log 10 (η* in Ns/m 2 ) to be 3.4 log 10 M̄ w −10.2 where M̄ w is the weight‐average molecular weight (kg/mol) from 5 kg/mol upwards. In the equation, the same constants serve for the variation of viscosity with pressure and with temperature. The viscosity under a high pressure can therefore be estimated from viscosities all measured at normal pressures but at different temperatures. The viscosities of a number of polymers have been measured over a range of temperature and pressure and the results support the equation. Support is found for the view that segments are involved in the flow of polymeric liquids and V * gives a measure of the volume of the segment. The size of the segment seems to increase as the flexibility of the polymer chain decreases. The lowest values for V * are found for polysiloxanes in which the segment seems to be only four atoms long. Larger values of V * are found for polymers with units of the type –CH 2 –CHR‐. Larger values still of V * are given by polymers with units of the type –CH 2 ‐CR 1 R 2 ‐ and even larger V * values are found for those polymers with benzene rings constituting a major part of the main chain. As V * rises the viscosity of the polymeric liquid becomes much more dependent upon pressure and temperature. Thus whilst the polysiloxanes have viscosities which are relatively insensitive to pressure and temperature, the aromatic polysulphones and poly(2,6‐dimethylphenylene oxide) have viscosities which are very sensitive to pressure and temperature.
Diffraction management in 2D waveguide arrays (2004)

We report on the experimental observation of diffraction management in two-dimensional (2D) fixed periodic waveguide arrays in a photorefractive (PR) ferroelectric crystal.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Effective Vinylogous Mukaiyama—Michael Reaction Catalyzed by Silyl Methide Species Generated from 1,1,3,3‐Tetrakis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)propane. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evaluation of uttroside B, a saponin from Solanum nigrum Linn, as a promising chemotherapeutic agent against hepatocellular carcinoma (2016)

We report, for the first time, the remarkable efficacy of uttroside B, a potent saponin from Solanum nigrum Linn, against liver cancer. The compound has been isolated and characterized from the leaves of Solanum nigrum Linn, a plant widely used in traditional medicine and is a rich resource of several anticancer molecules. Uttroside B, that comprises of β-D-glucopyranosyl unit at C-26 of the furostanol and β-lycotetraosyl unit at C-3, is ten times more cytotoxic to the liver cancer cell line, HepG2 (IC50: 0.5 μM) than sorafenib (IC50: 5.8 μM), the only FDA-approved drug for liver cancer. Moreover, it induces cytotoxicity in all liver cancer cell lines, irrespective of their HBV status, while being non-toxic to normal immortalized hepatocytes. It induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells by down-regulating mainly the activation of MAPK and mTOR pathways. The drastic reduction in HepG2-xenograft tumor size achieved by uttroside B in NOD-SCID mice and substantiation of its biological safety through both acute and chronic toxicity studies in Swiss albino mice warrants clinical validation of the molecule against hepatic cancer, for which, the chemotherapeutic armamentarium currently has limited weapons.
Molecular cytogenetic mapping of 24 CEPH YACs and 24 gene-specific large insert probes to chromosome 17 (1998)

Defining boundaries of chromosomal rearrangements at the molecular level would benefit from landmarks that link the cytogenetic map to physical, genetic, and transcript maps, as well as from large-insert FISH probes for such loci to detect numerical and structural rearrangements in metaphase or interphase cells. Here, we determined the locations of 24 genetically mapped CEPH-Mega YACs along the FLpter scale (fractional length from p-telomere) by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. This generated a set of cytogenetically mapped probes for chromosome 17 with an average spacing of about 5 cM. We then developed large-insert YAC, BAC, PAC, or P1 clones to the following 24 known genes, and determined refined map locations along the same FLpter scale: pter-TP53-TOP3-cen-TNFAIP1-ERBB2-TOP2A- BRCA1-TCF11-NME1-HLF-ZNF147/CL N80-BCL5/MPO/SFRS1-TBX2-PECAM1-DDX5/ PRKCA-ICAM2-GH1/PRKAR1A-GRB2-CDK3 /FKHL13-qter. Taken together, these 48 cytogenetically mapped large-insert probes provide tools for the molecular analysis of chromosome 17 rearrangements, such as mapping amplification, deletion, and translocation breakpoints in this chromosome, in cancer and other diseases.
Continuous and inverse optimal control designs for chained systems: A global state‐scaling transformation and a time‐scaling method (2008)

Abstract In this paper, the inverse optimal control designs for chained systems are investigated. The presented designs are based on the thorough study of controllability of chained systems. Particularly, two methods are proposed to recover uniform complete controllability for the chained system. One involves a global singularity‐free state‐scaling transformation, the other is based on a time transform, and both of them require an innovative design of dynamic control component for its subsystem. Using either of the approaches, the chained system is mapped into a controllable linear time‐varying system for which control can systematically be designed to ensure exponential convergence or asymptotic stability. Both state‐feedback and output‐feedback designs are presented and literally shown to be inversely optimal. Simulation results are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controls. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In-depth genetic analysis of<i>Clostridium</i><i>difficile</i>PCR-ribotype 027 strains reveals high genome fluidity including point mutations and inversions (2010)

Previously, we demonstrated that the recently evolved PCR-ribotype 027 hypervirulent Clostridium difficile strain (R20291) has acquired five genetic regions compared to the historic 027 counterpart strain (CD196), that may in part explain phenotypic traits relating to survival, antimicrobial resistance and virulence. Closer scrutiny of the three genome sequences reveals that, in addition to gene gain/loss, point mutations and inversions appear to have accumulated. Inversions are located upstream of potential coding sequences and could affect expression of these. C. difficile has a highly fluid genome with multiple mechanisms to modify its genetic content and is continuing to evolve in our hospitals influenced by environmental changes and human activity.
Deletion in Abstract Voronoi Diagrams in Expected Linear Time (2018)

Updating an abstract Voronoi diagram in linear time, after deletion of one site, has been an open problem for a long time. Similarly for various concrete Voronoi diagrams of generalized sites, other than points. In this paper we present a simple, expected linear-time algorithm to update an abstract Voronoi diagram after deletion. We introduce the concept of a Voronoi-like diagram, a relaxed version of a Voronoi construct that has a structure similar to an abstract Voronoi diagram, without however being one. Voronoi-like diagrams serve as intermediate structures, which are considerably simpler to compute, thus, making an expected linear-time construction possible. We formalize the concept and prove that it is robust under an insertion operation, thus, enabling its use in incremental constructions.
Nuclear Export of Phosphorylated Galectin-3 Regulates Its Antiapoptotic Activity in Response to Chemotherapeutic Drugs (2004)

Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a member of the beta-galactoside binding protein family containing the NWGR antideath motif of the Bcl-2 protein family, is involved in various aspects of cancer progression. Previously, it has been shown that the antiapoptotic activity of Gal-3 is regulated by the phosphorylation at Ser(6) by casein kinase 1 (CK1). Here we questioned how phosphorylation at Ser(6) regulates Gal-3 function. We have generated serine-to-alanine (S6A) and serine-to-glutamic acid (S6E) Gal-3 mutants and transfected them into the BT-549 human breast carcinoma cell line, which does not express Gal-3. BT-549 cell clones expressing wild-type (wt) and mutant Gal-3 were exposed to chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs. In response to the apoptotic insults, phosphorylated wt Gal-3 was exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and protected the BT-549 cells from drug-induced apoptosis while nonphosphorylated mutant Gal-3 neither was exported from the nucleus nor protected BT-549 cells from drug-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, leptomycin B, a nuclear export inhibitor, increased the cisplatin-induced apoptosis of Gal-3 expressing BT-549 cells. These results suggest that Ser(6) phosphoryaltion acts as a molecular switch for its cellular translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and, as a result, regulates the antiapoptotic activity of Gal-3.
Reaction of Epoxyketones with Hydrogen Peroxide—Ethane‐1,1‐dihydroperoxide as a Surprisingly Stable Product (2008)

Stable peroxide: Ethane-1,1-dihydroperoxide as a surprisingly stable product was formed together with several other products (see scheme) when cyclic epoxyketones were treated with H2O2 under acid catalysis following a complex novel reaction pathway. Several CC bond cleavages under Baeyer–Villiger oxidation and hydroperoxide rearrangements occur. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2111/2008/z800932_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Molecular analysis of multiple cytochrome P450 genes from the malaria vector, <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> (2002)

Cytochrome P450s are a superfamily of haemoproteins, important in the metabolism of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics. As a first step to elucidating the role of this family in insecticide resistance in the malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, we have cloned and mapped multiple P450 genes. Sixteen cDNAs encoding full-length P450s were cloned and physically mapped to the mosquito's polytene chromosomes. Fourteen of these encode putative CYP6 proteins and two encode P450s belonging to the CYP9 class. Eighteen new A. gambiae Cyp4 P450 genes were identified using degenerate PCR primers, cDNAs were detected for ten and in situ locations for thirteen members of this gene family.
Pressure probe compensates for dimensional tolerance variations (1966)

Flexible, compressible spring-loaded pressure probe measures the static pressure between the rotor stages on an axial-flow fuel pump. This probe is used in installation where a drilled static pressure tap or a rigid impulse tube cannot be used. Its parameters must be specially determined for each installation.
Same, Same But Different - Recovering Neural Network Quantization Error\n Through Weight Factorization (2019)

Quantization of neural networks has become common practice, driven by the\nneed for efficient implementations of deep neural networks on embedded devices.\nIn this paper, we exploit an oft-overlooked degree of freedom in most networks\n- for a given layer, individual output channels can be scaled by any factor\nprovided that the corresponding weights of the next layer are inversely scaled.\nTherefore, a given network has many factorizations which change the weights of\nthe network without changing its function. We present a conceptually simple and\neasy to implement method that uses this property and show that proper\nfactorizations significantly decrease the degradation caused by quantization.\nWe show improvement on a wide variety of networks and achieve state-of-the-art\ndegradation results for MobileNets. While our focus is on quantization, this\ntype of factorization is applicable to other domains such as network-pruning,\nneural nets regularization and network interpretability.\n
Estimating Y Chromosome Specific Microsatellite Mutation Frequencies using Deep Rooting Pedigrees (1997)

Recently, a set of highly polymorphic chromosome Y specific microsatellites became available for forensic, population genetic and evolutionary studies. However, the lack of a mutation frequency estimate for these loci prevents a reliable application. We therefore used seven chromosome Y tetranucleotide repeat loci to screen 42 males who are descendants from 12 'founding fathers' by a total number of 213 generations. As a result, we were able to estimate an average chromosome Y tetranucleotide mutation frequency of 0.20% (95% CIL 0.05-0.55). This closely matches the often cited Weber and Wong estimate of 0.21% for a set of autosomal tetranucleotide repeats. Expanding the set of microsatellites with two more loci (a tri- and a penta-nucleotide repeat locus) an average chromosome Y microsatellite mutation frequency of 0.21% (95% CIL 0.06-0.49) was found. These estimates suggest that microsatellites on the Y chromosome have mutation frequencies comparable to those on the autosomes. This supports the hypothesis that slippage-generated growth is the driving force behind the microsatellite variability.
A small angle neutron scattering study of the lamellar phase of caesium pentadecafluorooctanoate (CsPFO)/1H-1H- perfluoroheptan-1-ol/<sup>2</sup>H<sub>2</sub>O (1993)

The ionic surfactant system CsPFO/2H2O has been extensively studied in recent years. It exhibits a defected lamellar phase (LHα) at low temperature or high surfactant concentration followed by nematic (ND) and isotropic (L1) phases as temperature increases or surfactant concentration decreases. Previous work on the lamellar phase, mainly by X-ray and neutron scattering techniques, has revealed an intra-lamella structure of water filled defects although the precise nature of these defects remains controversial. The addition of the cosurfactant 1H-1H-perfluoroheptan-1-ol to the binary system has been studied by optical microscopy and SANS. As the cosurfactant is added the phase transition temperatures increase and the nematic phase is replaced by a broad L1+LαH two phase coexistence region. SANS shows that the reflection from the intra-lamella structure weakens and shifts to lower Q. The number density of defects decreases with increasing cosurfactant although their shape remains roughly constant being elongated holes. Using these results and those for the binary system a more precise picture of the defect structure, which is consistent with theoretical modes of the defected lamellar phase, has been obtained.
Recurrent neural networks for phasor detection and adaptive identification in power system control and protection (2002)

A multi-input multi-output (MIMO) recurrent neural network (RNN) is used as a versatile tool for the high-speed phasor detection and the adaptive identification of control and protection signals in power systems. For the application as a phasor detector, a fast pseudo-gradient training is performed off-line to estimate the time-invariant weights of the RNN. This network is then operated in real-time, in recall mode only, to behave as a nonlinear fixed-coefficient filter. For the application as an adaptive identifier of nonlinear components, training is performed off-line for initializing the connection weights, but subsequently, they are continuously updated in real time. This results in an adaptive identifier suitable for detecting abrupt changes in complex nonlinear systems. Following an initial evaluation on synthetic signals, these two proposed RNNs are then validated using realistic waveforms generated from a series-compensated power system model.
High repetition rate operation of saturated tabletop soft x-ray lasers in transitions of neon-like ions near 30 nm (2005)

We report average powers exceeding 1 microwatt in laser transitions of Ne-like ions at wavelengths near 30 nm. Gain-saturated operation was obtained at a repetition rate of 5 Hz exciting solid targets with pump pulses of ~1 J energy and 8 ps duration impinging at grazing incidence of 20 degrees. Gain-length products of about 20 were obtained in the 30.4 nm and 32.6 nm transitions of Ne-like V and Ne-like Ti respectively. Strong lasing was also observed in Ne-like Cr at 28.6 nm and in the 30.1 nm line of Ne-like Ti.
Medical Monitoring for Occupational Asthma Among Toluene Diisocyanate Production Workers in the United States (2017)

Medical monitoring of TDI workers identified workers triggering further assessment per study protocol. Systems and/or personnel to ensure rapid follow-up are needed to highlight when triggering events represent potential cases of asthma needing further evaluation. Implementation of a research protocol requires resources and oversight beyond an occupational health program.
Industrialization of the nitrogen-doping preparation for SRF cavities for LCLS-II (2017)

The Linac Coherent Light Source II (LCLS-II) is a new state-of-the-art coherent X-ray source being constructed at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. It employs 280 superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities in order operate in continuous wave (CW) mode. To reduce the overall cryogenic cost of such a large accelerator, nitrogen-doping of the SRF cavities is being used. Nitrogen-doping has consistently been shown to increase the efficiency of SRF cavities operating in the 2.0 K regime and at medium fields (15–20 MV/m) in vertical cavity tests and horizontal cryomodule tests. While nitrogen-doping’s efficacy for improvement of cavity performance was demonstrated at three independent labs, Fermilab, Jefferson Lab, and Cornell University, transfer of the technology to industry for LCLS-II production was not without challenges. Here we present results from the beginning of LCLS-II cavity production. We discuss qualification of the cavity vendors and the first cavities from each vendor. Finally, we demonstrate that nitrogen-doping has been successfully transferred to SRF cavity vendors, resulting in consistent production of cavities with better cryogenic efficiency than has ever been achieved for a large-scale accelerator.