gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Index design for structured documents based on abstraction (2003)

HTML has so far been the standard format for delivering information on the World Wide Web. However, automated information processing of these documents for data exchange and interoperability has been difficult. XML, a subset of SGML, has been proposed to be the next standard format, that allows user-defined tags for better describing nested document structures and associated semantics. Operations on structured documents, such as searching in nested document structures, require new functions that are not currently available on most systems today. We describe a general framework for manipulating structured documents based on document abstractions. An abstraction is an approximation of an actual document, while possessing useful properties for analyses of interest. The framework provides a wide design space for the tradeoff between cost and capability. This general framework can be applied to index design, document searching and categorization. We present this framework by focusing on the indexing and searching of structured documents in the XML domain, and prove their soundness. We also address the issue of rich data types in XML documents.
Envisioning a New History (2002)

본드는 전후 영국 극작가들 중 가장 지속적으로 역사의 극화에 폭력의 이미지를 사용한 작가이다. 그의 모든 극에서 폭력이 인류의 생존에 위협이 됨을 일관되게 보여준 그는 비교적 후기극인 『전쟁극』 3부작에서 미래의 핵전쟁을 통한 역사의 종말을 극화함으로써 폭력의 역사의 귀결점을 보여준다. 이 극이 제시하는 사회는 전쟁과 폭력의 일상사가 되어 규범이 되어버린 사회이다. 이 3부작은 특히 폭력의 주체가 사회에 의해 만들어지는 과정을 잘 보여줌으로써 인간의 폭력적 본성은 타고난다는 관념을 배격하고 인간의 주체성이 역사의 산물이며 역사의 장에서 형성되는 것이기 때문에 폭력적 주체성은 다른 성격의 주체성으로 새로이 만들어 질 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 특히 폭력 행위를 사회 규범의 수행으로 극화하여 저항적 수행 행위의 가능성을 제시한다. 1부와 3부에 나타난 군인을 통해 무고한 시민을 살해하도록 강요하는 사회는 근대 자본주의 사회의 전형을 제시하고 이러한 사회에서 양민이 군인으로 변화하여 양민을 살인하는 폭력의 과정을 비판한다. 개인이 사회에서 폭력적 주체로 훈련되지만 본드는 모순적 순간에 이르면 훈련에 허점이 생기고 주체성의 분열을 가져오게 된다고 본다. 이 3부작에서 군인인 아들이 살인 명령을 받고 귀향하지만 이웃 양민을 죽이지 못하고 대신 아버지나 동생을 죽이게 된다. 이 “비정상적” 선택은 비록 살해 임무는 수행하지만 폭력의 목적인 사회 질서 유지를 뒤엎는 전복적 수행이라 할 수 있다. 본드는 핵전쟁 후의 새로운 사회가 아들의 전복적 수행을 모델로 하여 비록 과거 역사를 바탕으로 하여 생존하지만 저항적 반복의 방법을 추구하고 있음을 보여준다. 역사와의 단절이 불가능하다면 역사를 반복하지만 ‘틀린 반복’이라는 방식을 취하여 역사의 규범을 저항적으로 수행하고 새로운 역사 만들기의 가능성을 보여준다.
A test of foreshock occurrence in the central Aleutian Island Arc (1984)

Abstract A statistical method for estimating the occurrence of foreshocks to larger earthquakes using local seismicity data is applied to the catalog of earthquakes from a local seismograph network near Adak, Alaska. Foreshocks are defined in a restricted sense as earthquakes preceding larger earthquakes within a critical time calculated from the mean time between successive earthquakes in the volume surrounding the target event. The threshold of completeness of the earthquake catalog is estimated as duration magnitude Md2.2. A low-magnitude cutoff on the catalog of Md2.5 was used to minimize potential bias from variations in weather and instrumentation condition. About 6 to 10 per cent of 51 main shocks of mb ≧ 4.5 in the Adak thrust zone were preceded by detectable earthquakes satisfying this statistical definition for foreshocks. As many as 14 percent of mb ≧ 5.0 earthquakes may have been preceded by detectable earthquakes satisfying this definition. An estimate of foreshock occurrence using as background the seismicity rate in the 4 months preceding larger earthquakes indicates a slightly higher rate of occurrence. The volume around the target events which showed foreshock activity is used to infer the size of a zone of preparation for larger earthquakes in the Adak area. The data are consistent with a zone of preparation whose size is a linear function of target-event magnitude. The size of the zone of preparation ranges from 20 to 45 km in radius for body-wave magnitudes 4.0 to 5.7.
Simultaneous targeting of CD44 and EpCAM with a bispecific aptamer effectively inhibits intraperitoneal ovarian cancer growth (2017)

CD44 and EpCAM play crucial roles in intraperitoneal ovarian cancer development. In this study, we developed an RNA-based bispecific CD44-EpCAM aptamer that is capable of blocking CD44 and EpCAM simultaneously by fusing single CD44 and EpCAM aptamers with a double stranded RNA adaptor. With the aid of a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines, we found that bispecific CD44-EpCAM aptamer was much more effective than either single CD44 or EpCAM aptamer in the ability to inhibit cell growth and to induce apoptosis. When these aptamers were tested in intraperitoneal ovarian cancer xenograft model, bispecific CD44-EpCAM aptamer suppressed intraperitoneal tumor outgrowth much more significantly than single CD44 and EpCAM aptamer either alone or in combination. The enhanced efficacy of bispecific CD44-EpCAM aptamer is most likely to be attributed to its increased circulation time over the single aptamers. Moreover, we showed that bispecific CD44-EpCAM aptamer exhibited no toxicity to the host and was unable to trigger innate immunogenicity. Our study suggests that bispecific CD44-EpCAM aptamer may represent a promising therapeutic agent against advanced ovarian cancer.
A new pulse sequence for determining <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> and <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> simultaneously (1986)

Determination of the relaxation times T1 and T2 which are important for tissue characterization generally requires the use of different pulse sequences in magnetic resonance imaging. In this study, a new pulse sequence which facilitates simultaneous determination of the T1 and T2 times is presented. Determination takes place in this case pixel by pixel from the measured images. The measuring time corresponds in this case approximately to that of a normal spin-echo sequence with long repetition time and two data acquisitions. The functional dependence of the accuracy of the T1 and T2 determination upon external errors, e.g., angle of rotation errors, is discussed. The tissue contrast behavior of the individual echoes is shown and its dependence on pulse parameters is explained.
The mechanical sensitivity optimization of a disk resonator gyroscope with mutative ring thickness (2016)

In this paper, we present the mechanical sensitivity improvement of a disk resonator gyroscope (DRG) by optimizing the thickness distribution of the nested rings. The mechanical sensitivities of the DRGs with uniform, linearly changing and step changing rings have been simulated. The results suggest that the ring thickness distribution has great influence on the performance of the DRG. Then the optimized ring thickness distribution was obtained by using the bio-inspired particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The rule of the optimized ring thickness distribution is that the outer ring is thicker than the other rings (1.7–1.8 times for this DRG) whereas the other rings should be as thin as possible. Meanwhile the optimized distribution rules can be used on series of DRGs and the optimization methods can be widely used on other MEMS devices.
An Ontology Driven Software Framework for the Healthcare Applications Based on ANT+ Protocol (2014)

Programmers are not flexible in integrating devices and sensors for their products due to lack of interoperability between thousands of drivers, ah-hoc APIs and protocols. How to concentrate on the functionality instead of technical details is a major requirement. We propose a development framework which classifies the devices based on their functionality and provides an abstraction layer to escape physical hardware constraints and connectivity issues. We propose the usage of ontologies in order to expose the devices functionality represented by an ontology concept. The problem is addressed in context to the healthcare application domain while using the ANT+ protocol technology.
The Roma personal metadata service (2002)

People now have available to them a diversity of digital storage devices, including palmtops, cell phone address books, laptops, desktop computers and Web-based services. Unfortunately, as the number of personal data repositories increases, so does the management problem of ensuring that the most up-to-date version of any document is available to the user on the storage device he/she is currently using. We introduce the Roma personal metadata service to make it easier to locate current file versions and ensure their availability across different repositories. This centralized service stores information about each of a user's files, such as its name, location, timestamp and keywords, on behalf of mobility-aware applications. Separating out these metadata from the data repositories makes it practical to keep the metadata store on a highly available, portable device. In this paper, we describe the design requirements, architecture and current prototype implementation of Roma.
Pediatric liver transplantation: A report from a pediatric surgical unit (2011)

The study demonstrates the feasibility of a successful pediatric liver transplant program in our country.
Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Prevention by Selenium Compounds (2001)

Selenium compounds that are chemopreventive in animal models inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in vitro, and this could explain how they reduce the outgrowth of tumor cells in vivo. Our recent work has shown that primary cultures of oral carcinoma biopsies are significantly more sensitive than normal oral mucosa cultures to induction of apoptosis by a natural selenium metabolite [selenodiglutathione (SDG)], and this is associated with induction of Fas ligand, a well-known mediator of apoptosis in other contexts, and activation of so-called stress kinase signaling pathways, particularly the Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). Heme oxygenase, another marker of stress responses, is also induced by selenite and SDG. The selective activation of the Fas pathway in carcinomas could be responsible directly for their destruction by apoptosis or target them for attack by immunologic responses. In contrast, although the potent pharmacological selenium chemopreventive agent 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate (p-XSC) also induces Fas ligand, heme oxygenase, and stress kinase pathways, apoptosis/Fas induction is not so strongly JNK-dependent and p-XSC does not show tumor selectivity. These differences in mechanism between SDG and p-XSC may be due to the manner in which they induce redox changes in the cells, since although the effects of SDG and p-XSC are prevented by antioxidants such as glutathione or N-acetylcysteine, hydroxyl radical scavengers such as mannitol or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate only protect against the effects of p-XSC.
Incidence and significance of 22q11.2 hemizygosity in patients with interrupted aortic arch (1998)

Interruption of the aortic arch (IAA) is a severe malformation of the heart with known association to DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) and 22q11.2 hemizygosity. The aim of this study was to establish incidence and significance of 22q11.2 hemizygosity in an unbiased sample of patients with IAA. All 15 children with IAA who were referred to our hospital in a 3-year period were tested by chromosome and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with the probes D22S75, Tuple1, and cHKAD26 and by a set of 10 simple tandem repeat polymorphic (STRP) markers. In nine of 11 children with IAA type B, 22q11.2 hemizygosity was demonstrated by FISH and STRP analysis, but in none of the four children with type A. In all but one child, deletion size was ∼3 Mb. The girl with the smaller deletion of ∼1.5 Mb differed because of an Ullrich-Turner syndrome-like phenotype and severe T-cell defect. Additionally, in one patient with phenotypic signs of DGS, a small deletion distal to the known DGS region containing the marker D22S308 was suspected by STRP analysis. One deletion was shown to be inherited from a healthy father and one IAA type A recurred in a sib. T-cell anomalies were evident in eight of the nine children with classical deletion, five of whom suffered also from hypoparathyroidism. With respect to cause and clinical course, IAA type A and B were shown to represent different entities. This study showed that variable symptoms of 22q11.2 hemizygosity may cluster. Am. J. Med. Genet. 78:322–331, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Nutritional Assessment in Clinical Practice (1986)

John P. Grant, M.D., incoming president of A.S.P.E.N., is the featured author of the lead article in this first issue of Nutrition in Clinical Practice. Dr. Grant is Associate Professor of Surgery and Director of Nutritional Support Service at Duke University Medical Center, as well as Chief of Surgery at the Veterans Administration Hospital, Durham, North Carolina. Dr. Grant is a well‐recognized expert in nutritional support and has received tremendous recognition for his Handbook of Parenteral Nutrition. Dr. Grant received his B.S. from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and his M.D. from the University of Chicago. He did most of his medical training at the Duke University Medical Center, with a 2‐year hiatus spent at the National Cancer Institute, Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Health, as a clinical associate. Dr. Grant is a fellow of the American College of Surgeons, a member of various medical and surgical societies, and the 11th president of A.S.P.E.N .
Automatic Classification of Focal Lesions in Ultrasound Liver Images using Principal Component Analysis and Neural Networks (2007)

Ultrasound Medical Imaging is currently the most popular modality for diagnostic application. This imaging technique has been used for the detecting abnormalities associated with abdominal organs like liver, kidney, uterus etc. In this paper, the possibilities of automatic classification of the ultrasound liver images into four classes-Normal, Cyst, Benign and Malignant masses, using texture features are explored. These texture features are extracted using the various statistical and spectral methods. The optimal feature selection process is carried out manually to pick the best discriminating features from the extracted texture parameters. Also, the method of principal component analysis is used to extract the principal features or directions of maximum information from the data set there by automatically selecting the optimal features. Using these optimal features, a final combined feature set is formed and is employed for classification of the liver lesions into respective classes. K-means clustering and neural network based automatic classifiers are employed in this process. The classifier design and its performance are studied. This paper summarizes the various statistical and spectral texture parameter extraction processes, optimal feature selection techniques and automated classification procedures involved in our work.
Practical comparison of distributed ledger technologies for IoT (2017)

Existing distributed ledger implementations – specifically, several blockchain implementations – embody a cacophony of divergent capabilities augmenting innovations of cryptographic hashes, consensus mechanisms, and asymmetric cryptography in a wide variety of applications. Whether specifically designed for cryptocurrency or otherwise, several distributed ledgers rely upon modular mechanisms such as consensus or smart contracts. These components, however, can vary substantially among implementations; differences involving proof-of-work, practical byzantine fault tolerance, and other consensus approaches exemplify distinct distributed ledger variations. Such divergence results in unique combinations of modules, performance, latency, and fault tolerance. As implementations continue to develop rapidly due to the emerging nature of blockchain technologies, this paper encapsulates a snapshot of sensor and internet of things (IoT) specific implementations of blockchain as of the end of 2016. Several technical risks and divergent approaches preclude standardization of a blockchain for sensors and IoT in the foreseeable future; such issues will be assessed alongside the practicality of IoT applications among Hyperledger, Iota, and Ethereum distributed ledger implementations suggested for IoT. This paper contributes a comparison of existing distributed ledger implementations intended for practical sensor and IoT utilization. A baseline for characterizing distributed ledger implementations in the context of IoT and sensors is proposed. Technical approaches and performance are compared considering IoT size, weight, and power limitations. Consensus and smart contracts, if applied, are also analyzed for the respective implementations’ practicality and security. Overall, the maturity of distributed ledgers with respect to sensor and IoT applicability will be analyzed for enterprise interoperability.
Advanced quantitative data analysis (2003)

Series editor's forewordPrefaceIntroductiongrouping quantitative variables togetherExploratory factor analysisConfirmatory factor analysisCluster analysisexplaining the variance of a quantitative variableStepwise multiple regressionHierarchical multiple regressionsequencing the relationships between three or more quantitative variablesPath analysis assuming no measurement errorPath analysis accounting for measurement errorexplaining the probability of a dichotomous variableBinary logistic regressiontesting differences between group meansAn introduction to analysis of variance and covarianceUnrelated one-way analysis of covarianceUnrelated two-way analysis of variancediscriminating between groupsDiscriminant analysisanalysing frequency tables with three or more qualitative variablesLog-linear analysisGlossaryReferencesIndex.
Application of Sculptured Thin Film Technology to Metal Oxide Gas Sensors (2007)

The main goal of this research has been the application of glancing angle deposition (GLAD) techniques to create highly porous sculptured thin films (STF) structures for use as gas sensors. The glancing angle technique utilizes physical vapor depositions at highly oblique (&#62;70&deg;) angles of incidence to form porous film structures. Process conditions including the deposition rate, rotation speed, and flux angle were investigated to produce pillar and chevron formations.\n\nControl of the anatase/rutile percentages in TiO2 gas sensors is critical for design and development. Thin films were deposited using reactive e-beam evaporation with a titanium source melt at various partial pressures of oxygen and argon. Post deposition anneal studies were conducted in air from 150-900 &deg;C. The combination of reactive evaporation at high oxygen partial pressures and low temperature (150 &deg;C) anneals in air formed films with the highest percentage of anatase. Depositions at lower oxygen partial pressures yielded films with a higher percentage of rutile, which supports the role of oxygen vacancies as nucleation centers for the anatase to rutile transformation. Higher temperature annealing produced rutile films as expected from the thermodynamics of the TiO2 system. After the formation of anatase STF structures, the films displayed a high degree of temperature stability with subsequent annealing. Anatase films structures were still evident even after annealing at 1200 &deg;C in air. \n\nThe GLAD technique produces films with preferred crystal orientations which differ based on the deposition angle. A series of experiments looked at the effect of the angle of incidence, the deposition conditions, and the substrate material on the crystal structure of the STF structures. The titanium films did show a dependence of the crystalline structure on the angle of incidence for both as-deposited films and after oxidation at 900 &deg;C in air. \n\nA conductive MOS sensor was designed based on an anatase chevron formation. Following the fabrication of a sensor test chamber, the sensor response was characterized versus temperature for in argon, air, and hydrogen in argon.
[Electrophysiological studies by the method of measuring the transcutaneous electrical current with Nakatani tables in healthy men exposed in a thermal chamber]. (2000)

Impedance measurement is a simple and adequate method which can provide rapid diagnosis and therefore control of human health. In compensated diseases table method of Y. Nakatani is perspective in diagnosis.
<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> membranes are the primary targets of reactive oxygen species (2008)

Spirochetes living in an oxygen-rich environment or when challenged by host immune cells are exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS). These species can harm/destroy cysteinyl residues, iron-sulphur clusters, DNA and polyunsaturated lipids, leading to inhibition of growth or cell death. Because Borrelia burgdorferi contains no intracellular iron, DNA is most likely not a major target for ROS via Fenton reaction. In support of this, growth of B. burgdorferi in the presence of 5 mM H(2)O(2) had no effect on the DNA mutation rate (spontaneous coumermycin A1 resistance), and cells treated with 10 mM t-butyl hydroperoxide or 10 mM H(2)O(2) show no increase in DNA damage. Unlike most bacteria, B. burgdorferi incorporates ROS-susceptible polyunsaturated fatty acids from the environment into their membranes. Analysis of lipoxidase-treated B. burgdorferi cells by Electron Microscopy showed significant irregularities indicative of membrane damage. Fatty acid analysis of cells treated with lipoxidase indicated that host-derived linoleic acid had been dramatically reduced (50-fold) in these cells, with a corresponding increase in the levels of malondialdehyde by-product (fourfold). These data suggest that B. burgdorferi membrane lipids are targets for attack by ROS encountered in the various stages of the infective cycle.
A concurrent two-step flash analogue-to-digital converter architecture (2002)

An alternative recycling two-step flash analog-digital converter architecture is presented where the concurrent operation of two multiplying digital-analog converters (MDACs) with a single flash quantizer yields an improved throughput rate over the traditional architecture. The effects of subpath mismatches in the overall converter performance are estimated. A design example is given to demonstrate its feasibility.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Developing an Intelligent Recommendation System for Course Selection by Students for Graduate Courses (2015)

Choosing a right course in formative years is very important decision as his future depends on this one decision. Student by himself is not mature enough to take right decision in his early life. Selecting wrong courses means mismatch between student aptitude, capability and personal interest. Faculty or parents have neither the required knowledge nor experience. Since there is no other reliable source generally available that can guide the student towards the most suitable direction, recommender system has been evolved to provide him guidance in selecting a right course. Recommender system is a computer programme prepared with the help of experts where the details of background of the students and their aptitudes help finding a course for his future study. This paper proposes feasible predictions for student’s course selection based on their marks and choice of job interest. Clustering technique is used to find structures and relationship within the data. This paper also reveals the research process of preparation of such a recommender system.
Wie die Sonne Energie erzeugen...auf der Erde. Die Fusionsanlage WENDELSTEIN 7-AS brachte die Forschung auf neue Wege - der Nachfolger entsteht in Greifswald (2003)

Author: Milch, I. et al.; Genre: Journal Article; Published in Print: 2003; Title: Wie die Sonne Energie erzeugen...auf der Erde. Die Fusionsanlage WENDELSTEIN 7-AS brachte die Forschung auf neue Wege - der Nachfolger entsteht in Greifswald
The Healing Hand: Man and Wound in the Ancient World (1992)

The commonest surgical procedure over the centuries has been the handling of the wound, and yet this is the first book to deal with the matter in detail.