gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Light Modulation for Improved Resolution and Efficiency in All-Optical Pulse-Echo Ultrasound (2015)

In biomedical all-optical pulse-echo ultrasound systems, ultrasound is generated with the photoacoustic effect by illuminating an optically absorbing structure with a temporally modulated light source. Nanosecond range laser pulses are typically used, which can yield bandwidths exceeding 100 MHz. However, acoustical attenuation within tissue or nonuniformities in the detector or source power spectra result in energy loss at the affected frequencies and in a reduced overall system efficiency. In this work, a laser diode is used to generate linear and nonlinear chirp optical modulations that are extended to microsecond time scales, with bandwidths constrained to the system sensitivity. Compared to those obtained using a 2-ns pulsed laser, pulse-echo images of a phantom obtained using linear chirp excitation exhibit similar axial resolution (99 versus 92 μm, respectively) and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) (10.3 versus 9.6 dB). In addition, the axial point spread function (PSF) exhibits lower sidelobe levels in the case of chirp modulation. Using nonlinear (time-stretched) chirp excitations, where the nonlinearity is computed from measurements of the spectral sensitivity of the system, the power spectrum of the imaging system was flattened and its bandwidth broadened. Consequently, the PSF has a narrower axial extent and still lower sidelobe levels. Pulse-echo images acquired with time-stretched chirps as optical modulation have higher axial resolution (64 μm) than those obtained with linear chirps, at the expense of a lower SNR (6.8 dB). Using a linear or time-stretched chirp, the conversion efficiency from optical power to acoustical pressure improved by a factor of 70 or 61, respectively, compared to that obtained with pulsed excitation.
Trace-based Performance Analysis on Cell BE (2008)

The transition to multicore architectures creates significant challenges for programming systems. Taking advantage of specialized processing cores such as those in the Cell BE processor and managing all the required data movement inside the processor cannot be done efficiently without help from the software infrastructure. Alongside new programming models and compiler support for multicores, programmers need performance evaluation and analysis tools. In this paper, we present tools that help analyze the performance of applications executing on the Cell platform. The performance debugging tool (PDT) provides a means for recording significant events during program execution, maintaining the sequential order of events, and preserving important runtime information such as core assignment and relative timing of events. The trace analyzer (TA) reads and visualizes the PDT traces. We describe the architecture of the PDT and present several important use cases demonstrating the usage of PDT and TA to understand the performance of several workloads. We also discuss the overhead of tracing and its impact on the benchmark execution and performance analysis.
Usability of high porosity ceramics for the separation of oily impurities (2007)

Usability of high porosity ceramics for the separation of oily impurities Organic impurities fallen to the ground water and to surface waters (rivers, lakes, seas and oceans) contribute to the degradation of the fauna and flora. Taking into account the public welfare, as the natural environment is, studies have been undertaken to develop a cheap and effective system for the purification of water from finely dispersed petroleum derivatives. The idea of the solution proposed consists in using a separator with high porosity ceramics of the pore size up to 100 ¨m, of high water permeability and ability to separate oily impurities of very tiny particle size. To improve the efficiency of the process the affinity of the filtering surface to organic particles was increased by the use of water-repellent media. The process of the separation of oily impurities was enhanced by means of ultrasounds of the 18 kHz frequency and various vibration energies.
Fleet-Wide Environmental Impact of Future Aircraft Technologies (2010)

The impact of aviation on the environment has been at the center of attention recently, and thus, the need to assess the impact of air transportation emissions on the environment is evermore present. This paper presents the continuation of research efforts on a Fleet-Level Environmental Evaluation Tool (FLEET) that assesses the fleet-wide environmental impact of future aircraft concepts and technologies while also considering economics and operational decisions of airlines. Specific improvements to FLEET from previous presented papers consist of a larger network of operations that includes international passenger travel, an updated aircraft retirement and delivery schedule, and a set of future aircraft that meet the NASA Sub-sonic Fixed Wing Project emissions and noise goals. Example analysis results reflect key relationships between emission levels, passenger demand, ticket price, and aircraft technology over a period of several years.
DISEÑO DE COMPETENCIAS TRANSVERSALES: UNA EXPERIENCIA DE TRABAJO COMPARTIDA ENTRE 4 TITULACIONES (2009)

The Univeristat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB) possesses a Unit of Educational innovation (IDES) entrusted to give support and advice to the initiatives that, from the Centers or the teachers, want to be implemented in the frame of the EEES. In this context there places the offer of a Center Assigned to the UAB that nowadays is designing his new titles of degree in the area of the health. The request made concrete in the following question: Can we do some joint activity between all the teachers that us of sense and unit to the work?. There appeared the possibility of generating a series of activities attend them and they do not attend, that in the development of the same ones was generating a work shared and defined to the measure of his needs?
Processing of industrial wastewater sludges formed in the production of high-strength and corrosion-resistant steels for power constructions of space technology (2019)

At many metallurgical and metalworking enterprises in the processes of obtaining high-strength and corrosion-resistant steels for power structures of space technology, sludges of various industrial waste waters are formed. Usually, these sludges are dumped without dewatering into the accumulators of waste, therefore the introduction of dewatering units of these sludegs is an extremely urgent task. One of the most effective ways to intensify the work of dewatering equipment is the use of synthetic organic flocculants for the conditioning of sludges. The article presents the results of experimental studies on the treatment of real sludges of industrial wastewater from metalworking processes using high-molecular organic flocculants such as nonionic flocculant, Praestol 2500, anionic flocculant, Praestol 2530, and cationic flocculant, Praestol 650 BC. It has been shown that Praestol 2500 and Praestol 2530 are the most effective reagents for sludge conditioning. The effective dose of Praestol 2500 for treating industrial wastewater sludge from metalworking processes prior to gravitational condensation is 0.1 g of flocculant active substance per 1 kg of sludge dry solids (0.1 g/kg). The effective dose of Praestol 2530 for the treatment of industrial wastewater sludge from metalworking processes prior to mechanical dewatering is 0.3 g/kg. The technological parameters of the operation of the dewatering equipment using flocculating agents to intensify the process of treating sludge of industrial wastewater from metalworking processes have been established: the sludge dry solids loading to the gravity thickener is 20– 30 kg/(h · m2); the sludge dry solids loading to the plate and frame filter press is 45–50 kg / (h · m2); the total suspended solids of clarified water from thickeners and filtrate from plate and frame filter press is not more than 50 mg/L.
Importance of Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Signaling (1996)

Angiotensin II is the major effector peptide of the renin-angiotensin system. In addition to its vasoconstrictor activity, angiotensin II stimulates smooth muscle cell growth in arterial hypertension and in models of vascular injury. The angiotensin II type 1 receptor is a seven-transmembrane receptor and is responsible for virtually all the physiological actions of angiotensin II. This class of receptor signals in part through its association with heterotrimeric G proteins. A newly developed concept for guanine nucleotide protein-coupled receptors is the activation of intracellular second-messenger proteins via tyrosine phosphorylation. For instance, angiotensin II stimulates the rapid tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of phospholipase C-gamma1. Also, angiotensin II stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of Janus kinases. In this review, we discuss early signaling events induced by angiotensin II with an emphasis on tyrosine phosphorylation. Understanding the importance of tyrosine phosphorylation in the signaling pathways of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor may lead to new treatment modalities for cardiovascular disease.
Investigation of optical‐output‐power degradation in 365‐nm UV‐LEDs (2006)

Abstract The dependence of UV‐LED lifetime on threading dislocation density(TDD) was examined. UV‐LED structures were grown on standard GaN template(TDD: 1x10 8 /cm 2 ) and ELO‐GaN(TDD: 1x10 7 /cm 2 ), and lifetime testing was performed under a forward current of 500 mA at junction temperature(T j ) of 75 ºC. Lifetime of both LEDs were estimated as 17,600 h (standard GaN template) and 166,000 h (ELO‐GaN), respectively. It was found that GaN underlying layer with TD‐density of 1x10 7 /cm 2 is superior to that of 1x10 8 /cm 2 in terms of LED lifetime, despite no output power difference. Junction temperature (T j ) dependence of LED lifetime was investigated in use of standard GaN template(1x10 8 /cm 2 ). T j was varied from 311 K to 422 K. The activation energy was determined to be 0.36 eV. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Escherichia coli PII Signal Transduction Protein Is Activated upon Binding 2-Ketoglutarate and ATP (1995)

Nitrogen regulation of transcription in Escherichia coli requires sensation of the intracellular nitrogen status and control of the dephosphorylation of the transcriptional activator NRI-P. This dephosphorylation is catalyzed by the bifunctional kinase/phosphatase NRII in the presence of the dissociable PII protein. The ability of PII to stimulate the phosphatase activity of NRII is regulated by a signal transducing uridylyltransferase/uridylyl-removing enzyme (UTase/UR), which converts PII to PII-UMP under conditions of nitrogen starvation; this modification prevents PII from stimulating the dephosphorylation of NRI approximately P. We used purified components to examine the binding of small molecules to PII, the effect of small molecules on the stimulation of the NRII phosphatase activity by PII, the retention of PII on immobilized NRII, and the regulation of the uridylylation of PII by the UTase/UR enzyme. Our results indicate that PII is activated upon binding ATP and either 2-ketoglutarate or glutamate, and that the liganded form of PII binds much better to immobilized NRII. We also demonstrate that the concentration of glutamine required to inhibit the uridylyltransferase activity is independent of the concentration of 2-ketoglutarate present. We hypothesize that nitrogen sensation in E. coli involves the separate measurement of glutamine by the UTase/UR protein and 2-ketoglutarate by the PII protein.
Field-based design of a new high pincount board connector for high data rate transmission (2002)

We present the results of a field-based 3D time domain simulation of a new board connector. The connector is a high pincount SpeedPac(R) connector with four rows providing 136 high frequency twinax chambers per 100 mm. The results of the field simulation are the near- and far-end crosstalk, the reflection and transmission characteristics in the time and frequency domain. For the field simulation we use the program package MAFIA(R), which is based on the Finite-Integration-Technique (FIT). We also present results obtained from a reliable SPICE model of the SpeedPac(R) connector. By means of typical measurements and simulation results the reliability of the SPICE(R)-Model is demonstrated. All important electrical characteristics of the connector can be simulated by the SPICE(R)-Model. The comparison between the field simulation, the SPICE(R)-simulation and measurement is very good up to a limit of f=4 GHz and risetimes of tr>50 ps.
Areal Rainfall Estimates Using Differential Phase (2000)

A radar polarimetric method for areal rainfall estimation is examined. In contrast to the polarimetric algorithm based on specific differential phase KDP, the proposed method does not require rain-rate estimation from KDP inside the area of interest, but it utilizes only values of total differential phase ΦDP on the areal contour. Even if the radar reflectivity and differential phase data inside the area are corrupted by ground clutter, anomalous propagation, biological scatterers, or hail contamination, reliable areal rainfall estimate is still possible, provided that correct ΦDP estimates are available at a relatively small number of range locations in or at the periphery of the contour of this area. This concept of areal rainfall estimation has been tested on the Little Washita River watershed area in Oklahoma that contains 42 densely located rain gauges. The areal rainfall estimates obtained from the polarimetric data collected with the 10-cm Cimarron radar are in good agreement with the gauge data, with the standard error of about 18%. This accuracy is better than that obtained with the algorithm utilizing areal averaging of pointwise estimates of KDP inside the watershed area.
Comparison of the Utility of Covered vs. Uncovered Metal Stents in the Management of Malignant Biliary Strictures in 749 Patients Presidential Poster (2012)

Table: [227] Patient characteristicsPurpose: To compare the stent patency rate, overall survival, and complications between covered self-expanding metal stent (CSEMS) and uncovered self-expanding metal stent (USEMS) in malignant biliary obstruction. Methods: The study is a retrospective cohort study in a single tertiary cancer center. Patients who met the following criteria during the period of January 2000 and June 2011 were included in the study. Inclusion criteria: 1) all patients with malignant biliary obstruction presenting for ERCP, biliary decompression and first-time metal stent placement, and 2) all patients with history of malignant biliary obstruction and preceding plastic biliary stent referred for the first metal stent. Results: There were 749 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 171 received CSEMS and 578 received USEMS. There was no difference between the groups in term of gender or pancreatic cancer status. Among all patients, no differences between patients receiving CSEMS and USEMS were found in terms of overall survival (OS) or time to recurrent biliary obstruction (RO). Median OS (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 10.4 (8.9, 12.5) months for patients with CSEMS and 11.7 (10.1, 13.1) months for USEMS (p=0.84). The median (min, max) RO was 6.2 (0.2, 71.5) months for patients with CSEMS and 4.05 (0.2, 28.6) months for USEMS (p=0.01). The hazard ratio for RO was 1.06 (95% CI 0.70-1.58) comparing the two groups. While there was no difference in the proportion of patients with RO between stent types (p=0.61), the type of obstruction differs substantially by stent type (p<0.001) with tumor ingrowth occurring in 76% of obstructed patients with USEMS compared to 9% for CSEMS. Obstructed patients with CSEMS were more likely to experience tumor overgrowth (15% vs. 2%), sludge stone (18% vs. 3%), food debris (12% vs. 5%), and stent migration (36% vs. 2%) compared to USEMS. Among all patients, acute pancreatitis (AP) was more likely to occur with CSEMS (12 [6%]; 10 mild, 1 moderate, 1 severe) vs. USEMS (6 [1%]; 4 mild, 1 moderate, 1 severe; p<0.001). Sixty-one patients underwent the procedures as outpatients. One hundred and nine patients (98 with pancreatic cancer) underwent surgery with SEMS in place, including 107 pancreaticoduodenectomy. There were no stent-related intraoperative or post-operative complications. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the patency rate or overall survival between the two groups. No significant differences were seen in the rate of cholecystitis or cholangitis between the two groups. However, CSEMS had a significantly higher rate of migration and pancreatitis. No significant SEMS-related complications were seen in chemoradiation or surgery.Table: Complications
Relativistic theoretical description for spin-resolved<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>CVV</mml:mi></mml:math>Auger electron spectroscopy with application to Pd and Fe (2000)

A theoretical description of spin-resolved $\mathrm{CVV}$ (core-valence-valence) Auger electron spectroscopy is presented. The approach is derived on the basis of a fully relativistic description of the electronic structure of magnetic materials. As a consequence, spontaneous exchange splitting as well as spin-orbit coupling---two possible and important sources for a spin-polarization of Auger electrons---are accounted for on the same level. This is demonstrated by application to paramagnetic fcc Pd and ferromagnetic bcc Fe. In both cases spin-resolved $\mathrm{CVV}$ Auger electron spectra are presented and discussed emphasizing the role of the spin-orbit coupling. Comparison is made with available experimental data as far as possible.
Detection of Oocyst‐Associated Toxoplasmosis in Swine from Southern Chile (2012)

Pork has been traditionally considered an important source of human Toxoplasma gondii infection. Pigs, as other meat-producing animals, can become infected by the ingestion of oocysts that are shed in the environment by infected cats or by the consumption of cysts present in tissues of infected mammals, commonly small rodents. The objective of this study was to investigate the level of T. gondii infection in swine from southern Chile that can be associated with the ingestion of oocysts and therefore exposure to a contaminated environment. A total of 340 serum samples from swine were obtained from three commercial slaughterhouses located in the Araucania and Los Rios Regions from southern Chile. Study animals originated from local farms, mainly small commercial producers, and the meat is sold locally. Overall, 8.8% (30/340) of the samples showed T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies. Of these sero-positive animals, 80% (24/30) were also positive for antibodies specific against the oocyst stage of the parasite, indicating that animals had been infected recently by the ingestion of oocysts. The observed results suggest a high level of environmental contamination with oocysts on the farms of origin. In addition to the food safety problems associated with the consumption of meat from infected animals, the high level of environmental contamination on the farm represents a direct health risk for people living and/or working on these farms. Consequently, there is a need to develop on-farm monitoring programmes and identify risk reduction strategies (food storage, water purification, rodent control and contact with cats) that are appropriate and cost-effective for informal and outdoor type of farms.
Background to the Environmental Wind Engineering Committee (2008)

Objectives of the Environmental Wind Engineering Committee The objectives of the committee are to promote the application of current knowledge in environmental wind engineering to the planning and design of urban and other environments, their buildings and structures, to encourage research and publication in the field, and to interact with other appropriate ASCE Divisions and Committees.
Phase Behavior of Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) Containing Amorphous Solid Dispersions in the Presence of Moisture (2009)

The objective of this study was to investigate the phase behavior of amorphous solid dispersions composed of a hydrophobic drug and a hydrophilic polymer following exposure to elevated relative humidity. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and moisture sorption analysis were performed on five model systems (nifedipine-poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), indomethacin-PVP, ketoprofen-PVP, droperidol-PVP, and pimozide-PVP) immediately after production of the amorphous solid dispersions and following storage at room temperature and elevated relative humidity. Complete miscibility between the drug and the polymer immediately after solid dispersion formation was confirmed by the presence of specific drug-polymer interactions and a single glass transition (T(g)) event. Following storage at elevated relative humidity (75-94% RH), nifedipine-PVP, droperidol-PVP, and pimozide-PVP dispersions formed drug-rich and polymer-rich amorphous phases prior to crystallization of the drug, while indomethacin-PVP and ketoprofen-PVP dispersions did not. Drug crystallization in systems exhibiting amorphous-amorphous phase separation initiated earlier (<6 days at 94% RH) when compared to systems that remained miscible (>or=46 days at 94% RH). Evidence of moisture-induced amorphous-amorphous phase separation was observed following storage at as low as 54% RH for the pimozide-PVP system. It was concluded that, when an amorphous molecular level solid dispersion containing a hydrophobic drug and hydrophilic polymer is subjected to moisture, drug crystallization can occur via one of two routes: crystallization from the plasticized one-phase solid dispersion, or crystallization from a plasticized drug-rich amorphous phase in a two-phase solid dispersion. In the former case, the polymer is still present in the same phase as the drug, and can inhibit crystallization to a greater extent than the latter scenario, where the polymer concentration in the drug phase is reduced as a result of the amorphous-amorphous phase separation. The strength of drug-polymer interactions appears to be important in influencing the phase behavior.