gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Static and dynamic properties of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers with internal photonic crystal waveguides (2008)

This work presents results of theoretical study of semiconductor vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with two-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) waveguide incorporated into laser cavity. The model is designed for the understanding and optimization of VCSELs with incorporated PCs. Static and dynamic characteristics were investigated. It was found that the computed modulation response of the VCSEL with the PC has a dip at 1.5 GHz modulation frequency, which has been observed in our experimental results. Therefore, a qualitative agreement with experimental results is observed.
Tighter Bounds on the Capacity of Finite-State Channels Via Markov Set-Chains (2010)

The theory of Markov set-chains is applied to derive upper and lower bounds on the capacity of finite-state channels that are tighter than the classic bounds by Gallager. The new bounds coincide and yield single-letter capacity characterizations for a class of channels with the state process known at the receiver, including channels whose long-term marginal state distribution is independent of the input process. Analogous results are established for finite-state multiple access channels.
Lightweight and Side-channel Secure 4 × 4 S-Boxes from Cellular Automata Rules (2018)

This work focuses on side-channel resilient design strategies for symmetrickey cryptographic primitives targeting lightweight applications. In light of NIST’s lightweight cryptography project, design choices for block ciphers must consider not only security against traditional cryptanalysis, but also side-channel security, while adhering to low area and power requirements. In this paper, we explore design strategies for substitution-permutation network (SPN)-based block ciphers that make them amenable to low-cost threshold implementations (TI) - a provably secure strategy against side-channel attacks. The core building blocks for our strategy are cryptographically optimal 4×4 S-Boxes, implemented via repeated iterations of simple cellular automata (CA) rules. We present highly optimized TI circuits for such S-Boxes, that consume nearly 40% less area and power as compared to popular lightweight S-Boxes such as PRESENT and GIFT. We validate our claims via implementation results on ASIC using 180nm technology. We also present a comparison of TI circuits for two popular lightweight linear diffusion layer choices - bit permutations and MixColumns using almost-maximum-distance-separable (almost-MDS) matrices. We finally illustrate design paradigms that combine the aforementioned TI circuits for S-Boxes and diffusion layers to obtain fully side-channel secure SPN block cipher implementations with low area and power requirements.
Photoelectron spectra of diazabasketene, diazadeltacyclene, and related polycyclic cis-azoalkanes (1976)

LCSL
[Control of the patency of porto-systemic anastomoses]. (1981)

After having discussed the direct and indirect methods to control the patency of porto-systemic anastomoses, the Authors report on their series of 42 cases (28 side-to-side porto-cava shunts, 6 end-to-side porto-cava shunts, 6 spleno-renal shunts, 2 mesenterico-cava shunts) where the postop. control was carried out with portography, hepatic superselective arteriography in 29 cases, transcaval catheterism of the anastomosis in 6 patients, and pre-op., and post-op. echotomography in 15 cases. Portography revealed 39 cases of patent anastomosis and thrombotic occlusion in 3 cases. The typical sign of shunt patency is the visualisation of the inferior V.C. and the less frequent disappearance of right gastric reflux. Furthermore the investigations consented the evaluation of altered post-shunt hepato-portal flow: side-to-side porto-cava shunt (25 patent anastomoses) revealed a complete deviation of portal glow towards the I.V.C. and in 15 cases there was inverted portal flow; portography after splenorenal shunt (5 cases of patent anastomosis) showed a preserved hepatopetal portal flow only in early controls (7 days) while in all long term controls it was hepatofugal. In 13 cases the morphology of the hepatic arterial system was compared before and after surgery; in 12 cases the hepatic artery was larger and its intrahepatic branches more tortuous after surgery Ultrasonography revealed only 8 patent shunts out of 15 examined since the amount of gas in the bowel rendered the exam technically insufficient.
Un nouveau système d'exploitation hybride pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fil (2006)

[Departement_IRSTEA]DS [TR1_IRSTEA]METHODO / SYNERGIE
Potential Conflicting Interests for Surgeons in End-of-Life Care (2014)

Thirty-day mortality represents a variable that is commonly used to measure the quality of surgical care. The definition of 30-day mortality and the application of a risk adjustment to its measurement may vary among different organizations comparing physician quality. In the midst of this confusion, conflicting interests arise for surgeons who must weigh the potential benefit of surgical interventions to individual patients versus the potential loss of access by future patients should 30-day mortality ratings be adversely affected. Similarly, surgeons may become adversely impacted by the lack of compensation from avoiding “high-risk” cases, but might face a more severe financial impact if they have a higher mortality rating compared to their peers.
Le borojo, un des fruits les plus étranges de la flore colombienne (1994)

Présentation du borojo, fruitier de Colombie : ses propriétés nutritionnelles, sa composition chimique, ses utilisations ainsi que ses potentialités pour l'agro-industrie sont évoquées dans cet article
Report on industrial attachment on spray coating of buffer layer for CIGS application (2014)

As one of the mainstream thin film photovoltaic devices, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) has significant advantages over other PV competitors. Firstly, CIGS has a high absorption coefficient value of 105/cm2 and a spectral response of 300nm-1300nm, much wider as compared to silicon cells (400-700nm), leading to longer effective time for sun light harvesting everyday. Secondly, CIGS does not have the problem of light-induced degradation, which exists in silicon cells; whereas, it exhibits improving performance over the first few days due to “light-soaking” effect [1]. Thirdly, its flexibility and light weight make it particularly favorable for BIPV and portable power application. Lastly, CIGS solar cell requires less material consumption and simpler fabrication process as compared to silicon solar cells. Currently the highest efficiency CIGS solar cell is achieved with CBD-CdS buffer layer (eff: 19.2%) [2]. However, due to its environmental toxicity and low band gap, there is a motivation to look for Cd-free material for buffer layer [3]. In this study, deposition using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method, In2S3 buffer layer has been optimized by varying the precursor ratio, etching condition, substrate temperature and annealing condition etc. In addition, a new buffer layer concept based on ZnS dots/In2S3 bi-layer structure will be evaluated. ZnS nanodots are believed to passivate the buffer/absorber interface, hence reduce the interface recombination, as demonstrated by HZB using Spray ILGAR method. For further enhancing the conductivity & band gap of In2S3, tin (Sn) has been doped into In2S3 for examination. The outcome of this work provides overview of optimizing various factors that affect the performance of CIGS solar cell with In2S3 buffer layer.
[Symptoms, signs and laboratory findings in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome]. (1992)

This review summarizes the symptoms, signs and laboratory abnormalities seen in 59 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), 2 patients with post-infectious CFS and in 26 patients with possible CFS whose illnesses fulfill the criteria proposed by the study group of the Ministry of Welfare, Japan. The characteristic symptoms and signs of CFS are prolonged generalized fatigue following exercise, headache, neuropsychological symptoms, sleep disturbance and mild fever. In possible CFS patients, the frequency of mild fever, muscle weakness, myalgia and headache is low. Our standard hematologic and laboratory tests revealed a few abnormality in patients with CFS. The characteristic abnormality in CFS patients is the low values of 17-Ketosteroid-Sulfates/creatinine in morning urine and the acylcarnitine deficiency. It seems likely that this deficiency of acylcarnitine induces an energy deficit in the skeletal muscle, resulting in general fatigue, myalgia, muscle weakness and postexertional malaise in CFS patients. Virologic studies revealed no evidence of retrovirus infection with HTLV-1, HTLV-2 and HIV, but the reactivation of HHV-6 infection was apparent.
Camouflage and visual perception (2011)

The visual sense is very useful to many animals. It allows the detection and identification of distant objects. The properties of visual systems vary considerably between different animals (e.g. Walls 1942; Autrum et al. 1973; Weckstrom & Laughlin 1995; Bowmaker & Hunt 2006), but the main issues concern the directional sensitivity (acuity) of the system; the light levels under which it operates; the field of view, including any areas of binocular overlap; the extent to which specific features such as spectral or motion information are extracted from the visual environment; and the spatial and temporal characteristics of sampling the environment.
Urinary Sodium in the Evaluation of Hyperchloremic Metabolic Acidosis (1987)

IT has long been held that systemic acidemia provides the proximate stimulus for the kidney to increase urinary acidification in response to metabolic acidosis.1 2 3 4 This view has been challenged by the experimental work of Schwartz and associates,5 6 7 8 9 which suggests that the renal acidification response to acid feeding is determined largely, not by acidemia, but by sodium delivery and sodium avidity in the distal nephron. One important implication of this provocative view is that sodium delivery to the distal nephron must be taken into account in the evaluation of normal and altered urinary acidification. Yet, the only criterion required for the . . .
Successful cinacalcet treatment of refractory secondary hyperparathyroidism due to multiple lung parathyroid adenomas (2009)

We describe a 56-year-old woman who presented with end-stage renal disease due to pregnancy-induced hypertension and secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT). She had started hemodialysis and underwent a subtotal parathyroidectomy (PTx). However, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels increased gradually. Eventually, she underwent a second PTx. However, therapy failed to significantly decrease iPTH levels. A third PTx was performed, but no pathological parathyroid tissue was found. Computed tomography scan indicated the presence of multiple ectopic lung nodules and 26 nodules were surgically removed from the left lung. Despite surgical treatment, iPTH levels remained high. Additional maxacalcitol failed to decrease iPTH levels, cinacalcet was then started. iPTH levels decreased and the cinacalcet dose could be reduced to maintenance doses of 60 mg/day. Throughout the 1.6 years of treatment, serum iPTH, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) were normalized. As a consequence, bone pain gradually disappeared. Bone mineral density (BMD) was improved by administration of cinacalcet. In conclusion, cinacalcet was effective in this patient with refractory and inoperable sHPT. In addition, it improves their BMD and relieves bone pain.
AN EVALUATION OF RETROREFLECTIVE SIGNING MATERIALS UNDER THE 3-BEAM HEAD-LAMP SYSTEM (1976)

The purpose of the study described in this paper is to measure the comparative brightness of contemparary traffic signing materials under both the conventional 2-beam and the proposed 3-beam head- lamp systems. Because most traffic signs are retroreflective, sign brightness is highly dependent on the illuminance supplied by head lamps. A systematic evaluation performed by the authors led to a general understanding of sign luminances for conventional 2-beam performance for Interstate Highway System signs. The design experiment was developed to evaluate the relative change in sign luminance should the 3-beam system be standardized. Photometrically selected 2- and 3-beam head-lamp sets were obtained from 2 lamp manufacturers, installed in standard-size passenger cars, and aligned. Night luminance measurements were made of retroreflective sign materials by using a telephotometer installed at driver eye position. Luminance measurements were taken at 7 distances from the traveled lane on a uniformly graded tangent section of test road. The proposed low beam is not different from the current low beam. The sign luminance under the proposed mid beam is approximately 4 times greater than it is under the low beam. The high beam provides substantially more light, and sign luminance under the proposed high beam is approximately 2 times greater than it is under the current high beam.
Optimization and evaluation of a non-invasive tool for peste des petits ruminants surveillance and control (2019)

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious and devastating viral disease affecting mainly sheep and goats, but also a large number of wild species within the order Artiodactyla. A better understanding of PPR transmission dynamics in multi-host systems is necessary to efficiently control the disease, in particular where wildlife and livestock co-occur. Notably, the role of wildlife in PPR epidemiology is still not clearly understood. Non-invasive strategies to detect PPR infection without the need for animal handling could greatly facilitate research on PPR epidemiology and management of the disease in atypical hosts and in complex field situations. Here, we describe optimized methods for the direct detection of PPR virus genetic material and antigen in fecal samples. We use these methods to determine the detection window of PPR in fecal samples, and compare the sensitivity of these methods to standard invasive sampling and PPR diagnostic methods using field samples collected at a wildlife-livestock interface in Africa. Our results show that quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-QPCR) amplification of PPRV from fecal swabs has good sensitivity in comparison to ocular swabs. Animals infected by PPRV could be identified relatively early on and during the whole course of infection based on fecal samples using RT-QPCR. Partial gene sequences could also be retrieved in some cases, from both fecal and ocular samples, providing important information about virus origin and relatedness to other PPRV strains. Non-invasive strategies for PPRV surveillance could provide important data to fill major gaps in our knowledge of the multi-host PPR epidemiology.
Analysis and design of simple antenna geometries for broadband high frequency communications. (1991)

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Engineering. University of the Witwatersrand. Johannesburg
in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
Funding health sciences research: a strategy to restore balance. (1990)

Biomedical scientists' concern about the future of funding of health science research prompted this volume's exploration of the financing of the entire health research enterprise and the complex reasons underlying these increasing concerns. The committee presents clear-cut recommendations for improving allocation policies to ensure a balanced distribution of resources that will allow the biomedical research community to build on exciting recent discoveries in many areas. Funding Health Sciences Research also provides the first-ever comprehensive reports on the 1980s policies that have affected the research landscape, including stabilization, downward negotiation, and extended grant duration.
Degradation Products from Naturally Aged Paper Leaves of a 16th‐Century‐Printed Book: A Spectrochemical Study (2013)

In this work, we present a wide-range spectrochemical analysis of the degradation products from naturally aged paper. The samples obtained from wash waters used during the de-acidification treatment of leaves from a 16th-century-printed book were analysed through NMR, IR, Raman UV/Vis, EPR and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy and HPLC-MS and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis. By these methods we also studied some of the previous samples treated by acidification (sample AP) and catalytic hydrogenation (sample HP). Crossing all the data, we obtained precise indications about the main functional groups occurring on the degraded, water-soluble cellulose oligomers. These results point out that the chromophores responsible for browning are conjugated carbonyl and carboxyl compounds. As a whole, we show that the analysis of wash waters, used in the usual conservation treatments of paper de-acidification, gives much valuable information about both the conservation state of the book and the degradation reactions occurring on the leaves, due to the huge amount of cellulose by-products contained in the samples. We propose therefore this procedure as a new very convenient general method to obtain precious and normally unavailable information on the cellulose degradation by-products from naturally aged paper.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chromium Reformatsky Reaction: Access to Adjacent Quaternary Centers. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Air-Fluidized Therapy in Patients With Suspected Deep Tissue Injury (2012)

Our experience described in these cases suggests that the use of AFT may be clinical and cost-effective for prevention of progression of sDTI in critically ill patients. Additional research in this area should be encouraged.
Supplementation‐dependent differences in the rates of embryonic stem cell self‐renewal, differentiation, and apoptosis (2003)

Although it is known that leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) supports the derivation and expansion of murine embryonic stem (ES) cells, it is unclear whether this is due to inhibitory effects of LIF on ES cell differentiation or stimulatory effects on ES cell survival and proliferation. Using an ES cell line transgenic for green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression under control of the Oct4 promoter, we were able to simultaneously track the responses of live Oct4-GFP-positive (ES) and -negative (differentiated) fractions to LIF, serum, and other growth factors. Our findings show that, in addition to inhibiting differentiation of undifferentiated cells, the administration of LIF resulted in a distinct dose-dependent survival and proliferation advantage, thus enabling the long-term propagation of undifferentiated cells. Competitive responses from the differentiated cell fraction could only be elicited upon addition of serum, fibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF-4), or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). The growth factors did not induce additional differentiation of ES cells, but rather they significantly improved the proliferation of already differentiated cells. Our analyses show that, by adjusting culture conditions, including the type and amount of growth factors or cytokines present, the frequency of media exchange, and the presence or absence of serum, we could selectively and specifically alter the survival, proliferation, and differentiation dynamics of the two subpopulations, and thus effectively control population outputs. Our findings therefore have important applications in engineering stem cell culture systems to predictably generate desired stem cells or their derivatives for various regenerative therapies.
‘Early’ mammalian myoblasts are resistant to phorbol ester-induced block of differentiation (1988)

Mesenchymal cells were isolated from somites and limbs of mouse embryos at different developmental stages. When grown in tissue culture, some of the cells underwent muscle differentiation as indicated by synthesis of sarcomeric myosin, acetylcholine receptor and, in the case of limb cells, fusion into multinucleated myotubes. When the tumour promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) was added to these cultures, it caused differential effects, depending upon the age of the embryo from which cells were isolated. In cultures of somites or limb bud from embryos up to 12 days post coitum, TPA did not interfere with the appearance of differentiated muscle cells. When TPA was added to cultures from older embryos, it inhibited muscle differentiation with an efficiency which increased with the age of the embryo, reaching about 90% inhibition at 15 days. After this period, a new population of myogenic cells appeared in the limb, which were able to differentiate in the presence of TPA and represented the great majority of myoblasts after day 18 of embryonic development. The simplest interpretation of these data can be based on the existence of three major classes of myogenic cell precursors, which appear sequentially during muscle histogenesis: 'early' myoblasts, which appear resistant to tumour promoters; 'late' myoblasts, whose differentiation is inhibited by tumour promoters and 'satellite' cells which, like early myoblasts, show no sensitivity to TPA.
ChemInform Abstract: DESULFURIZATION OF MERCAPTANS TO HYDROCARBONS BY CARBON MONOXIDE AND WATER IN THE PRESENCE OF COBALT CARBONYL (1985)

Abstract Benzyl‐ und Aryl‐mercaptane (I) werden mit CO in Gegenwart von Co‐Katalysatoren zu Kohlenwasserstoffen (II) entschwefelt.
Effect of Rofecoxib on the Pharmacokinetics of Digoxin in Healthy Volunteers (2001)

The authors examined the effect of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, rofecoxib, at steady state on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin following a single dose in healthy subjects. Each healthy subject (N = 10) received rofecoxib (75 mg once daily) or placebo for 11 days in a double-blind, randomized, balanced, two-period crossover study. A single 0.5 mg oral dose of digoxin elixir was administered on the 7th day of each 11-day period. Each treatment period was separated by 14 to 21 days. Samples for plasma and urine immunoreactive digoxin concentrations were collected through 120 hours following the digoxin dose. No statistically significant differences between treatment groups were observed for any of the calculated digoxin pharmacokinetic parameters. For digoxin AUC(0-infinity), AUC(0-24), and Cmax, the geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval) for (rofecoxib + digoxin/placebo + digoxin) were 1.04 (0.94, 1.14), 1.02 (0.94, 1.09), and 1.00 (0.91, 1.10), respectively. The digoxin median tmax was 0.5 hours for both treatments. The harmonic mean elimination half-life was 45.7 and 43.4 hours for rofecoxib + digoxin and placebo + digoxin treatments, respectively. Digoxin is eliminated renally. The mean (SD) cumulative urinary excretion of immunoreactive digoxin after concurrent treatment with rofecoxib or placebo was 228.2 (+/- 30.8) and 235.1 (+/- 39.1) micrograms/120 hours, respectively. Transient and minor adverse events occurred with similar frequency on placebo and rofecoxib treatments, and no treatment-related pattern was apparent. Rofecoxib did not influence the plasma pharmacokinetics or renal elimination of a single oral dose of digoxin.
Differential Effects of Metformin and Troglitazone on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2002)

For patients with type 2 diabetes in whom maximal sulfonylurea therapy failed, the addition of the insulin sensitizer troglitazone seemed to have greater benefits on several traditional and novel CVRF than metformin therapy. These differences were not related to glycemic improvement but reflected, in part, the greater reduction in insulin resistance obtained with addition of troglitazone. These data suggest that medications that more effectively address this underlying metabolic defect may be more beneficial in reducing cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes.