gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of the Regulatory Gene <i>areA</i> of <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> in Nitrogen Metabolism (1998)

The areA gene of Aspergillus oryzae was cloned by cross-hybridization with the Aspergillus nidulans areA gene and was found to encode an 866-amino-acid protein that is very similar to other fungal nitrogen regulatory proteins. The A. oryzae areA gene can complement A. nidulans areA loss-of-function mutations. Functional analyses indicated that the N-terminal region of the A. oryzae AreA protein was dispensable for function and revealed a probable acidic activation domain in the protein. C-terminal truncation of the protein resulted in derepression of several nitrogen-controlled activities in A. nidulans, while deletions extending into the conserved GATA type zinc finger region abolished the activator function. The A. oryzae areA gene was inactivated by replacement with the A. oryzae pyrG gene. Strains containing the resulting areA deletion grew as well as the wild-type strain on glutamine but were unable to grow vigorously on other nitrogen sources, including ammonium. While A. oryzae exhibited reduced growth on 10 mM ammonium, the results of growth tests indicated that areA mutants of both A. oryzae and A. nidulans were affected in utilization of low concentrations of ammonium. The levels of the major nitrogen assimilatory enzymes, NADP-linked glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.4) and glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2), were determined. In both A. oryzae and A. nidulans areA mutants, the NADP-glutamate dehydrogenase levels were reduced, whereas the glutamine synthetase levels were not affected. These results suggest that the AreA protein may play an important role in the regulation of nitrogen assimilation in addition to its previously established regulatory role in nitrogen catabolism.
Blind Iterative Channel Estimation and LDPC Decoding for OFDM Systems (2005)

This paper aims at designing a novel blind iterative receiver for LDPC coded OFDM systems, where pilot symbols for estimating the channel are not inserted in the transmitter. Incorporating the differential QPSK scheme and LDPC decoder, we show that the decision-directed channel estimator can produce the channel information to improve performance of the LDPC decoder. The resulting blind iterative receiver can resolve the drawbacks of differential detection, an improved channel estimate and BER performance in the frequency selective channel, while keeping bandwidth efficiency. Simulation results verify performance of our scheme.
Renal replacement therapy in elderly patients (1988)

The results of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in elderly patients in Norway were evaluated. During the 5-year period between 1981 and 1985, 368 patients at least 60 years of age (mean, 66.7 years) at the start of RRT were included and followed until 15 February 1987. Transplantation was planned for 249 patients; of these 127 were not grafted. The actuarial survival in this group was 64%, 44%, and 7% at 6, 12, and 48 months, respectively. Survival in 122 grafted patients was 93%, 87%, and 62%, respectively, and the corresponding graft survival was 70%, 67%, and 48%. The remaining 119 patients were allocated to long-term dialysis, with a survival of 63%, 48%, and 13%, respectively. Our results describe the outcome of a treatment program available to the entire elderly population accepted for RRT. In two-thirds of the patients transplantation was planned, and one-third of all patients were actually grafted, with good patient and graft survival. The results suggest that transplantation is the treatment of choice for most elderly patients.
Event Detection Based on Generic Characteristics of Field-Sports (2005)

In this paper, we propose a generic framework for event detection in broadcast video of multiple different field-sports. Features indicating significant events are selected, and robust detectors built. These features are rooted in generic characteristics common to all genres of field-sports. The evidence gathered by the feature detectors is combined by means of a support vector machine, which infers the occurrence of an event based on a model generated during a training phase. The system is tested across multiple genres of field-sports including soccer, rugby, hockey and Gaelic football and the results suggest that high event retrieval and content rejection statistics are achievable.
Dynamic Ride-Sharing: a Simulation Study in Metro Atlanta (2011)

Smartphone technology enables dynamic ride-sharing systems that bring together people with similar itineraries and time schedules to share rides on short-notice. This paper considers the problem of matching drivers and riders in this dynamic setting. We develop optimization-based approaches that aim at minimizing the total system-wide vehicle miles incurred by system users, and their individual travel costs. To assess the merits of our methods we present a simulation study based on 2008 travel demand data from metropolitan Atlanta. The simulation results indicate that the use of sophisticated optimization methods instead of simple greedy matching rules substantially improve the performance of ride-sharing systems. Furthermore, even with relatively low participation rates, it appears that sustainable populations of dynamic ride-sharing participants may be possible even in relatively sprawling urban areas with many employment centers
Piecewise linear modeling of solid-state varactor-tuned microwave oscillators (2003)

The methodology for the piecewise linear modeling of a varactor-tuned microwave oscillator is developed, and applied to the X-band voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) designed for this purpose. The component values of the lumped models are evaluated. The measured and calculated values are compared with the results obtained from computer simulations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mechanizing skeptical abduction and its applications to artificial intelligence (2002)

Abduction is the process of generating the best explanation as to why a fact is observed given what is already known. A real problem in this area is the selective generation of hypotheses that have some reasonable prospect of being valid. The author proposes the notion of skeptical abduction as a model to face this problem. After providing a definition of abductive reasoning, skeptical abduction and specific abduction are compared in a logical framework. The mechanism of abductive reasoning in propositional logic is investigated and its generalization to first-order logic is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Vibration of a String Having a Uniform Motion Along Its Length (1958)

Abstract In calculating the natural frequencies of a power chain or belt it is usual to use the theory of vibrating strings. However, the speed of the chain or belt may be a considerable fraction of the wave velocity as given by (T/ρ)1/2. It might be expected hat this would have a marked effect on the natural frequencies. This is shown to be so and the formula for the natural frequencies of a moving string is obtained. The problem of the forced vibration of the string is also considered.
Automatic geometry-adaptive generation of quadrilateral and hexahedral element meshes for the FEM (1996)

A new algorithm for meshing arbitrary geometries with quadrilateral or hexahedral elements is presented. Based on the Quad- or Octree representation of the object an initial mesh that lies entirely inside the geometry is created and then connected with the boundary. We first describe the modified construction technique for the Quadtree (2-D) and the Octree, (3-D) data structure that allows local variations in mesh density depending on geometrical features and/or numerical needs. Then we focus on the process of making a conforming mesh out of the Quad-/Octree data structure that can be used for the meshing of the boundary. Finally some examples are resented.
Modeling Combined Braking and Steering Tire Forces (2000)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The force distributed over the contact patch between a tire and a road surface is typically modeled in component form for dynamic simulations. The two components in the plane of the contact patch are the braking, or traction force, and the steering, or side or cornering force. A third force distributed over the contacts patch is the normal force, perpendicular to the road surface. The two tangential components in the plane of the road are usually modeled separately since they depend primarily on independent parameters, wheel slip and sideslip. Mathematical expressions found in the literature for each component include exponential functions, piecewise linear functions and the Bakker-Nyborg-Pacejka equations, among others. Because braking and steering frequently occur simultaneously and their resultant tangential force is limited by friction, the two components must be properly combined for a full range of the wheel slip and sideslip parameters. This paper examines the way in which these two components are combined for an existing approach known as the Nicolas-Comstock model.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">First, performance criteria for tire modeling are proposed. Then the Nicolas-Comstock model is examined relative to the criteria. As originally proposed, this model falls short of meeting the criteria over the full range of transverse and longitudinal wheel slip values and sideslip angles. A modified version of the Nicolas-Comstock model is presented that satisfies these performance criteria. Finally, comparisons are made of the Modified Nicolas-Comstock model to other combined tire force models and to existing tire force measurements.</div></div>
Extended security of lattice-based cryptography (2020)

Lattice-based cryptography is considered as a quantum-safe alternative for the replacement of currently deployed schemes based on RSA and discrete logarithm on prime fields or elliptic curves. It offers strong theoretical security guarantees, a large array of achievable primitives, and a competitive level of efficiency. Nowadays, in the context of the NIST post-quantum standardization process, future standards may ultimately be chosen and several new lattice-based schemes are high-profile candidates. The cryptographic research has been encouraged to analyze lattice-based cryptosystems, with a particular focus on practical aspects. This thesis is rooted in this effort.
In addition to black-box cryptanalysis with classical computing resources, we investigate the extended security of these new lattice-based cryptosystems, employing a broad spectrum of attack models, e.g. quantum, misuse, timing or physical attacks. Accounting that these models have already been applied to a large variety of pre-quantum asymmetric and symmetric schemes before, we concentrate our efforts on leveraging and addressing the new features introduced by lattice structures. Our contribution is twofold: defensive, i.e. countermeasures for implementations of lattice-based schemes and offensive, i.e. cryptanalysis.
On the defensive side, in view of the numerous recent timing and physical attacks, we wear our designer’s hat and investigate algorithmic protections. We introduce some new algorithmic and mathematical tools to construct provable algorithmic countermeasures in order to systematically prevent all timing and physical attacks. We thus participate in the actual provable protection of the GLP, BLISS, qTesla and Falcon lattice-based signatures schemes.
On the offensive side, we estimate the applicability and complexity of novel attacks leveraging the lack of perfect correctness introduced in certain lattice-based encryption schemes to improve their performance. We show that such a compromise may enable decryption failures attacks in a misuse or quantum model. We finally introduce an algorithmic cryptanalysis tool that assesses the security of the mathematical problem underlying lattice-based schemes when partial knowledge of the secret is available. The usefulness of this new framework is demonstrated with the improvement and automation of several known classical, decryption-failure, and side-channel attacks.
Smart JPIP Proxy Server with Prefetching Strategies (2010)

Remote browsing of images is receiving much attention lately, mostly in niche applications like geographical information systems or in the telemedicine scenery. Interactive transmission of compressed images has been identified as the most competitive approach, being JPIP, JPEG2000 Interactive Protocol, a key-enabler for these situations. Also, it has been reported that JPIP Proxy Servers help to increase the transmission performance, and that prefetching strategies help to lower responsiveness time. In this paper we contribute a smart JPIP Proxy Server that, thanks to a prefetching strategy undertaken during idle transmission times, largely improves the viewing experience of the final user because of its anticipation of future navigation requests. Experimental results are reported for a remote sensing and a medical environment, respectively performing panning and zoom in, showing enhanced performance in both cases.
필댐의 내부침식과 관련된 댐 상태의 정량화 및 적용성 평가 (2019)

국내 농업용 댐 17,5000여개의 안전점검 결과를 바탕으로 필댐에 나타나는 내부침식(internal erosion)과 관련된 대표적인 4가지 상태를 설정하였다. 이들 상태들을 정량화하기 위하여 댐 안전관리 전문가를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고 각 상태들에 대한 정량화된 점수를 제시하였다. 또한 4가지 대표 상태 이외의 다양한 댐 상태의 정량화를 도와주면서 댐 관리자들의 댐 상태 정량화 결정에 제한을 최소화 하고자 각 상태별 ‘부여가능한 점수의 범위(possible score range)’를 제시하였다. 각 상태별 ‘정량화된 점수’와 ‘부여가능한 점수의 범위’를 바탕으로 Case Study를 실시하여 본 방법이 댐의 위험 정도를 일관성 있게 반영하고 합리적인 수준의 파괴확률 값을 제공함을 알 수 있었다. 이는 기존의 댐 안전관리 방법이 가지는 가중평균에 의한 댐 상태등급 결정의 한계점을 극복할 수 있게 도와주어 실제로 위험한 댐을 위험한 댐으로 인지할 수 있게 도와줄 것이다.
Hexamethylmelamine chemotherapy for disseminated endometrial cancer. (1981)

To evaluate the role of hexamethylmelamine (HMM) in the treatment of endometrial cancer, 20 women with metastatic or recurrent endometrial carcinoma received HMM orally at a dose of 8 mg/kg/day. Six patients (30%) showed a partial response, with a median duration of response of 3.5 months and a range of 1 to 7 months. Two patients responded to HMM as a second-line agent following previous treatment with nonhormonal chemotherapy. There were no complete responses. The major toxicities noted with HMM therapy were nausea, vomiting, and neurotoxicity. In 6 patients (30%), therapy with HMM was discontinued because of toxicity. Although HMM is active against endometrial cancer when given at a dose of 8 mg/kg/day, it appears to have limited usefulness because toxicity precludes its prolonged administration.
Strength Enhancement of Advanced Grid Stiffened FRP Tube Confined Concrete Cylinders under Fire (2009)

Recently, a new confining device - a lattice of interlaced fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) ribs that were wrapped by an FRP skin, has been developed to provide better confinement to a concrete core through interfacial mechanical interlocking [1,2]. A systematic study has validated the enhanced structural capacities over traditional FRP tube encased concrete counterparts. However, like traditional FRPs, advanced grid stiffened FRP tube confined concrete cylinders (AGS-FRPC) are vulnerable to fire hazards. The purpose of this study was to investigate the enhancement of fire tolerance as a result of incorporating organically modified montmorillonite (MMT) and a traditional fire retardant additive (TSWB ® ) into a vinyl ester (VE) matrix. Two series of samples were prepared. The first series consisted of groups A, B, C, and D, in which A was regular AGS-FRPC, B was enhanced with MMT, C was enhanced with TSWB ® fire retardant additive, and D was enhanced with both MMT and TSWB ® . The second series of samples was identical to the first series as a control, and it consisted of groups of E, F, G, and H, respectively. The only difference was that the first series was exposed to a jet fire of 982 ° C for 5 min while the second series was not. It was found that fire exposure had a significant impact on reducing the residual strength of the confined concrete cylinders. The introduction of MMT increased both the fire tolerance and compressive strength of AGS-FRPC. The TSWB additive was effective in minimizing the effect of the fire hazard, but it reduced the compressive strength.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Chiral Biphenyl-Cholesterol Gels (2014)

The synthesis of 4-(3-cholesteroxycarbonylpropyloxy)biphenyl (BO4-chol), 4-(7-cholesteroxycarbonylheptyloxy)biphenyl (BO8-chol), and 4,4'-bis(7-cholesteroxycarbonyl heptyloxy)biphenyl (BBO8-chol) is reported. These gelators form 1% and 2% (w/w) stable gels in n-octanol. The gels formed from single cholesterol gelators (BO4-chol and BO8-chol) exhibit lower phase transition temperatures (Tg) (62-65, 68-69 °C) than the gel obtained from the bischolesterol gelator BBO8-chol (96-98 °C). All three gelators form chiral gels in n-octanol as observed by induced circular dichroism (ICD) spectroscopy. The effect of two cholesterol moieties versus one cholesterol unit linked to a biphenyl molecule by a flexible chain, and the effect of the chain length on the gelation ability of these three novel gelators was investigated by circular dichroism (CD), absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopies. The gels obtained from BO4-chol and BO8-chol exhibit biphasic circular dichroism spectra with opposite chirality. The ICD spectra of both BO8-chol and BBO8-chol gels show a positive ICD band followed by a negative band at room temperature. However, while BO8-chol gel ICD absorptions decrease equally as temperature increases, BBO8-chol gel shows an inversion of the Cotton effect bands between 50 and 60 °C until completely disappearing above the phase transition temperature. SEM was used for the investigation of the morphology of the xerogels. On the basis of XRD data and molecular modeling, we propose packing modes for the formation of the organogelator aggregates.
Differential space-time modulation (2000)

Space-time coding and modulation exploit the presence of multiple transmit antennas to improve the performance on multipath radio channels. Thus far, most work on space-time coding has assumed that perfect channel estimates are available at the receiver. In certain situations, however, it may be difficult or costly to estimate the channel accurately, in which case it is natural to consider the design of modulation techniques that do not require channel estimates at the transmitter or receiver. We propose a general approach to differential modulation for multiple transmit antennas based on group codes. This approach ran be applied to any number of transmit and receive antennas, and any signal constellation. We also derive low-complexity differential receivers, error bounds, and modulator design criteria, which we use to construct optimal differential modulation schemes for two transmit antennas. These schemes can be demodulated with or without channel estimates. This permits the receiver to exploit channel estimates when they are available. The performance degrades by approximately 3 dB when estimates are not available.
TGF-β<sub>1</sub>stimulates HO-1 via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in A549 pulmonary epithelial cells (2002)

In lung injury and progressive lung diseases, the multifunctional cytokine transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) modulates inflammatory responses and wound repair. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress-inducible protein that has been demonstrated to confer cytoprotection against oxidative injury and provide a vital function in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Here we report that TGF-beta1 is a potent inducer of HO-1 and examined the signaling pathway by which TGF-beta1 regulates HO-1 expression in human lung epithelial cells (A549). TGF-beta1 (1-5 ng/ml) treatment resulted in a marked time-dependent induction of HO-1 mRNA in A549 cells, followed by corresponding increases in HO-1 protein and HO enzymatic activity. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide inhibited TGF-beta1-responsive HO-1 mRNA expression, indicating a requirement for transcription and de novo protein synthesis. Furthermore, TGF-beta1 rapidly activated the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathway in A549 cells. A chemical inhibitor of p38 MAPK (SB-203580) abolished TGF-beta1-inducible HO-1 mRNA expression. Both SB-203580 and expression of a dominant-negative mutant of p38 MAPK inhibited TGF-beta1-induced ho-1 gene activation, as assayed by luciferase activity of an ho-1 enhancer/luciferase fusion construct (pMHO1luc-33+SX2). These studies demonstrate the critical intermediacy of the p38 MAPK pathway in the regulation of HO-1 expression by TGF-beta1.
Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 in The Netherlands: prevalence and outcome (2003)

Although more than one-half of the PH1 patients have symptoms under the age of 10 years, PH1 can present at any age. In adults, PH1 presents predominantly with ESRD, which may be due to misinterpretation of early symptoms. Although nephrocalcinosis is correlated with development of renal insufficiency, the latter can occur even in the absence of nephrocalcinosis. Pyridoxine sensitivity is associated with better outcome in PH1.
A Study on the Emissions of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine (2004)

As a new concept in engines and a power source for future automotive applications, the HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) engine has been introduced. Essentially a combination of spark ignition and compression ignition engines, the HCCI engine exhibits low NOx and PM emissions as well as high efficiency under part load. In this research, a 4 cylinder diesel engine was converted into a HCCI engine, and propane was used as the fuel. The main parameters for this research are fuel flow rate and the temperature of the intake manifold, and the effects of such on a HCCI engine's performance and exhaust was investigated.<br/>
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Efficient Photocatalyst for Stable Visible Water Splitting via a Two‐Electron Pathway. (2015)

Abstract Nanocomposites of carbon nanodots embedded in a C 3 N 4 matrix are prepared by heating a mixture of ammonia‐treated carbon nanodots and urea powder at 550 °C for 3 h in an alumina crucible.
Mesenchymal stem cell seeding promotes reendothelialization of the endovascular stent (2011)

This study is designed to make a novel cell seeding stent and to evaluate reendothelialization and anti-restenosis after the stent implantation. In comparison with cell seeding stents utilized in previous studies, Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have advantages on promoting of issue repair. Thus it was employed to improve the reendothelialization effects of endovascular stent in present work. MSCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and determined as CD29(+) CD44(+) CD34(-) cells by immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry; gluten and polylysine coated stents were prepared by ultrasonic atomization spray, and MSCs seeded stents were made through rotation culture according to the optimized conditions that were determined in previous studies. The results from animal experiments, in which male New Zealand white rabbits were used, show that the reendothelialization of MSCs coated stents can be completed within one month; in comparison with 316L stainless steel stents (316L SS stents) and gluten and polylysine coated stents, the intimal hyperplasia and in-stent restenosis are significantly inhibited by MSCs coated stents. Endovascular stent seeded with MSCs promotes reendothelialization and inhibits the intimal hyperplasia and in-stent restenosis compared with the 316L SS stents and the gluten and polylysine coated stents.