gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vom Einzelkorn zum großtechnischen Reaktor : Aufgaben und Möglichkeiten der Modellbildung von Festbettreaktoren (1989)

Aus dem großen Bereich der Modellierung disperser zweiphasiger Reaktionssysteme ist die Modellierung von Festbettreaktoren sicher am weitesten fortgeschritten. Das Wissen darüber ist bereits in Lehrbüchern hinreichend dokumentiert und wird in der Praxis zunehmend für die stationäre Auslegung und für die Untersuchung des dynamischen Betriebs eingesetzt.In diesem Beitrag soll anhand einiger Beispiele darauf eingegangen werden, in welcher Richtung sich dieses Fachwissen vermutlich in der nächsten Zeit weiter vertiefen wird und welche Fragestellungen für die Praxis weiter an Bedeutung gewinnen können. Die Beispiele betreffen das Zusammenspiel von Stofftransport und Mehrschrittreaktion im porösen Katalysatorkorn und die Reaktlonsführung im katalysatorgefüllten Rohr.
Soy Protein Isolate Prevents Chemically-Induced Rat Mammary Tumors (2002)

Previous studies have shown an inhibitory effect of soy on mammary carcinogenesis, but it is unclear which component of soy provides this beneficial effect. The present study was undertaken to compare the anti-tumor effects of soy protein isolate and those of its isoflavones: genistein and daidzein. Six groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed modified corn starch AIN76A diets supplemented with: no additional agents (control); purified genistein at 200mg/kg diet; purified daidzein at 200 mg/kg diet; a combination of genistein and daidzein at 100mg/kg diet each; soy protein isolate enriched in isoflavones (SPI+); or soy protein isolate depleted of isoflavones (SPI-). Mammary carcinomas were induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) injected one week after the animals started eating the experimental diets. At the end of the study (120 days post-DMBA treatment), no significant differences were found among the six groups with respect to tumor incidence or survival. However, there was a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in tumor multiplicity in the daidzein (5.45) and SPI+ (5.45) groups, when compared to the control group (8.05). The most effective diet was the SPI-, which produced a highly significant (p < 0.01) reduction in tumor multiplicity (4.05). Tumor latency was increased from 53 days in the control group to 68 days in the daidzein group and to 72 days in the SPI-group. Both SPI groups, but not the genistein or daidzein groups, up-regulated transcriptional expression of the antioxidant enzymes NAD(P)H:quinone reductase (QR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) Ya2. These results suggest that the mode of chemopreventive action of soy protein isolate is distinct from that of the main soy isoflavones. Furthermore, isoflavone-depleted soy may be more beneficial than isoflavone-enriched soy in preventing mammary tumors in these experimental animals.
Studies on Valveless Pulse Detonation Engines (2009)

An unsteady lumped parameter analysis tool is developed to analyze the operational characteristics of valvesless PDE. The model divide s the fluid system into multiple control volumes and applies conservation equations to analyze transient characteristic of flow. The mass flow rates between control volumes are treated as a flow through an orifice. The fluid properties are represented with a set of differenti al equations and it is numerically integrated over time. In order to apply the unstead y lump parameter analysis, detonation propagation into a detonation tube must be carefull y modeled with three methods, detonation propagation model, constant volume combustion model and empirical model. The model is used to analyze the operational charac teristics of the Purdue valveless PDE. Parametric studies of component geometries, as well as operating conditions are performed systematically.
Acoustic waves in the vicinity of the normal to the surface of piezoelectric crystals (2007)

The acoustic wave propagation in the vicinity of the normal to the plane surface confining a piezoelectric crystal of arbitrary symmetry is theoretically studied. An octet formalism and a perturbation theory have been put forward to describe the wave fields in the region of concern. The developed mathematical approach has been applied to several problems. Specifically, the derivation of the transfer matrix for the normal direction to the surface has been discussed. Furthermore, we have discussed how to estimate the electric potential induced outside the piezoelectric material by a normally incident wave. In addition, an analytical expression has been derived for the numerical factor in the function describing the asymptotic behavior of quasi-electrostatic Green's function for half-infinite piezoelectric substrates at small values of the wave vector.
Validating Game Design with Game Analytics in a Location-based Game (2018)

Game analytics has grown from a trend to a norm in almost all types of games, and with the availability of tools and information, leveraging benefits has never been easier. Additionally, mobile location-based games are a great platform for applying game analytics due to location information being bound to almost every facet of such games, thus enabling developers to understand where and how their games are played.\n\nThis thesis is based on a research project at the University of Turku, of which a part was to create a pirate-themed location-based mobile game. The game was then studied in terms of how it was played with the help of telemetry data from the game. In this thesis, the player data is used to find out how the game's design can be validated in terms of healthiness and whether a game's design can have a positive influence on a player's health.\n\nThe player data was plotted as routes for each individual player, and then inspected for different kinds of behaviour. Players were found out to play in different kinds of areas, and play during or after riding a vehicle, and play the game on the same routes repeatedly. Physical activity of players can be increased by making walking between locations a requirement, but the game mechanics have to be interesting enough, as the novelty of walking in itself is not sufficient. Ultimately, players were shown to increase their physical activity by playing the game, which meant travelling between objectives.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclization of Functionalized Heterocumulenes with C,N‐, C,O‐, and C,S‐Binucleophiles. Part 8. Synthesis of Pyrano(chromeno)[3,,4‐d][1,3]oxazines by Condensation of 1‐Chloroalkyl Isocyanates with 4‐Hydroxy‐6‐methylpyran‐2‐one and 4‐Hydroxycoumarin. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Yellow Fever and Dengue Fever Serotype 3 Viruses Cocirculation in Côte d'Ivoire in 2008 (2014)

Aim of study. To describe the emergence of dengue 3 virus in Cˆote d’Ivoire during a yellow fever outbreak which occurred in 2008. Materials and methods. Sera from suspected cases of yellow fever as well as contacts of yellow fever confirmed cases and imported dengue fever cases were tested for immunoglobulin M (IgM) antiyellow fever virus and anti-dengue virus (for IgM antibodies to yellow fever and dengue viruses) and by a specific real time RT-PCR (Bio- Rad) for yellow fever virus and dengue virus viral RNA detection. Results. Of the 511 sera from suspected cases of yellow fever tested, 21 (4.1%) were confirmed positive for yellow fever virus antibody, while 33 (7.6%) of the 432 sera tested were positive for dengue virus antibody. Thirteen viremic subjects, one for yellow fever virus and 12 for dengue 3 virus, were detected by RT-PCR. The majority of the confirmed cases of yellow fever (85%) and dengue 3 fever (93%) were adults, and resided in the city of Abidjan and its regions. Conclusion. These results indicate the existence of transmission foci of these arboviruses diseases in Cˆote d’Ivoire and the essential contribution of molecular tests for their diagnosis.
Using observational data to estimate prognosis: an example using a coronary artery disease registry (2001)

With the proliferation of clinical data registries and the rising expense of clinical trials, observational data sources are increasingly providing evidence for clinical decision making. These data are viewed as complementary to randomized clinical trials (RCT). While not as rigorous a methodological design, observational studies yield important information about effectiveness of treatment, as compared with the efficacy results of RCTs. In addition, these studies often have the advantage of providing longer-term follow-up, beyond that of clinical trials. Hence, they are useful for assessing and comparing patients' long-term prognosis under different treatment strategies. For patients with coronary artery disease, many observational comparisons have focused on medical therapy versus interventional procedures. In addition to the well-studied problem of treatment selection bias (which is not the focus of the present study), three significant methodological problems must be addressed in the analysis of these data: (i) designation of the therapeutic arms in the presence of early deaths, withdrawals, and treatment cross-overs; (ii) identification of an equitable starting point for attributing survival time; (iii) site to site variability in short-term mortality. This paper discusses these issues and suggests strategies to deal with them. A proposed methodology is developed, applied and evaluated on a large observational database that has long-term follow-up on nearly 10 000 patients. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
466. Automated Generation of Genetically Modified Human CD34+ Cells in a Functionally Closed System (2015)

Hereditary genetic disorders have been shown to be effectively treated by re-introduction of the wild-type gene product via viral modification of autologous CD34+ progenitor cells. However, current manufacturing processes are performed manually or at best by using semi-automated procedures. A standardized production of cellular therapeutic agents and their genetic modification is a major requirement to move cellular and gene therapies from their current translational setting into routine clinical use. A closed and highly automated manufacturing procedure would lead to large improvements in product performance, product safety and operator safety. We have recently developed a functionally closed and fully automated cell processing device, the CliniMACS Prodigy®, which enables complex cellular products to be manufactured. In this functionally closed system, the following steps have been automated: concentration and washing of blood products, magnetic labeling and enrichment of CD34+ cells, cultivation and pre-activation of the enriched CD34+ cells, transduction with lentiviral vectors and resuspension of the final cell product in buffer for infusion. Automated cell preparation, cell labeling and magnetic CD34+ cell separation was achieved from both mobilized and non-mobilized apheresis samples as well as bone marrow aspirates. CD34+ cells were enriched to purities exceeding 90%. Small scale experiments (10e5-10e7 purified CD34+ cells) performed with a newly developed automated transduction process, incorporating a single transduction cycle, resulted in high transduction efficiencies (up to 90%). A scale-up of the procedure was performed using larger numbers of cells (>10e7) enriched from mobilized apheresis material. CD34+ cells were transduced with a clinical-grade lentiviral vector using a two hit protocol already described in a clinical setting and used as standard for a control experiment run in parallel (Scaramuzza et al. 2013, Mol. Ther). Equivalent gene marking efficiencies were obtained. Moreover, gene modified cells maintained full engraftment potential as demonstrated by biodistribution studies in NSG mice. These preliminary data demonstrate that automated cell processing and genetic manipulation of haematopoetic progenitor cells can be efficiently performed in a closed system. Work in progress aims to further optimize this procedure and improve the efficiency of CD34+ cell transduction to levels superior to those currently achieved by manual protocols.
A New Approach to the Problem of Cascade Synthesis (1955)

Several familiar procedures in the synthesis of driving-point and transfer impedances yield a network in the form of a cascade of two-terminal-pair networks, each of which is responsible for a set of zeros of the even part of the prescribed impedance. In each of these procedures, the computation of the typical component network begins with the determination of the equivalent tee-circuit; and then a remainder function (from which other component networks are to be found) is determined by subtracting the tee's branch impedances (or admittances) from previously determined functions. In general an equivalent circuit of some other configuration must be determined from the tee-circuit, to achieve physical realizability. These computational procedures are rather laborious, and the subtractions may cause serious degradations of numerical accuracy. In this paper, a more direct approach is suggested. It leads to the same ultimate networks in a more logical way, and obviates much of the computational tedium. The general approach is developed here primarily in terms of RC transfer impedances, but applications to LC networks are also included.
Association of cyclic GMP with gene expression of polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. (1978)

The distribution of cyclic nucleotides on polytene chromosomes isolated from Drosophilia melanogaster salivary glands was examined by using an indirect immunofluorescent technique. With a fixative that minimized the loss of chromosomal proteins, cyclic GMP, but not cyclic AMP, was observed distributed along the chromosomes. The subchromosomal distribution of cyclic GMP correlated with genetically active sites on the chromosomes. After heat-shock treatments, the intensity of cyclic GMP fluorescence was markedly enhanced at specific loci on the chromosomes, with locus 93D as the most intensely fluorescent. Autoradiographic analysis with [3H]uridine revealed that 93D was the most transcriptionally active locus within a particular nucleus. These observations suggest that cyclic GMP may participate in processes associated with transcription on polytene chromosomes. The involvement of cyclic GMP in nuclear events associated with gene expression is discussed.
The Process and Development Mechanism of Age-related Fibrosis in the Pancreatic Islets of Sprague-Dawley Rats: Immunohistochemical Detection of Myofibroblasts and Suppression Effect by Estrogen Treatment (2013)

The mechanism of spontaneous islet fibrosis in Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated. Using sections of the pancreas in naive males aged 26 to 102 weeks old and 26-week-old males injected with β-estradiol 3-benzoate (EB), the incidence of lesions and histological scores of fibrosis were examined in conjunction with immunohistochemistry for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα) and estrogen receptor-α (ERα). The incidence of islet fibrosis increased in 78-week-old animals compared to the 26-week-old animals, and the incidence of atrophy in the fibrotic islet increased in animals over 52 weeks old. α-SMA and PDGFRα were positively stained mainly in fibrotic/inflammatory islets, and the histological score of α-SMA in the fibrotic islet decreased age-dependently. Notably, α-SMA and PDGFRα were co-expressed in inflammatory islets with a high score at all ages. The positive index of ERα in the EB-treated group increased when compared with that of the naive group. However, it was independent of the existence of fibrosis. In contrast, the score of α-SMA and PDGFRα decreased in the EB-treated group. In conclusion, it was clarified that a part of age-related fibrosis in islets became atrophy with age, and α-SMA-positive myofibroblasts were considered to contribute to the development of fibrosis. Strong PDGFRα stainability in fibrotic/inflammatory islets may imply that myofibroblasts were stimulated by PDGF to produce an extracellular matrix. Although estradiol has been known to suppress fibrosis/inflammation in the islet, nuclear-located ER-dependent signaling was considered not to be involved in the suppression mechanism. EB possibly affected the inhibition of the appearance of myofibroblasts.
BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION IN MINIATURE SWINE (1993)

SMITH, CRAIG V.; SUZUKI, TAKAO; GUZZETTA, PHILIP C.; NAKAJIMA, KAZUAKI; SUNDT, THORALF M. III; MIXON, ARNOLD; SPITZER, THOMAS R.; ECKHAUS, MICHAEL A.; SACHS, DAVID H. Author Information
ELECTROPHORETIC PROFILES OF AQUEOUS‐SOLUBLE PROTEINS OF HUMAN CEREBRAL CORTEX: POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS<sup>1</sup> (1974)

Abstract —Aqueous‐soluble brain proteins from 100 adult humans have been screened by discontinuous polyacrylamide and by continuous‐SDS‐polyacrylamide electrophoresis for evidence of genetically determined variation. In addition 42 adult Macaca nemestrina and 36 inbred strains of mice were screened in the SDS‐continuous system. No variation in position of major bands was found within species, although differences in relative intensity of staining were noted. Fetal human cerebral cortex gave profiles of aqueous‐soluble proteins distinguishable from that of adults. After affinity chromatography on Concanavalin‐A‐agarose, adult samples gave one band on SDS‐polyacrylamide gels, while fetal samples gave the same band plus an additional band, presumably representing glycoproteins.
Initial Coarsening and Microstructural Evolution of Fast‐Fired and MgO‐Doped Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> (1997)

The effect of an initial coarsening step (50‐200 h at 800°C) on the subsequent densification and microstructural evolution of high–quality compacts of undoped and MgO–doped Al 2 O 3 has been investigated during fast–firing (5 min at 1750°C) and during constant–heating–rate sintering (4°C/min to 1450°C). In constant–heating–rate sintering of both the undoped and MgO–doped Al 2 O 3 , a refinement of the microstructure has been achieved for the compact subjected to the coarsening step. A combination of the coarsening step and MgO doping produces the most significant refinement of the microstructure. In fast–firing of the MgO–doped Al 2 O 3 , the coarsening step produces a measurable increase in the density and a small refinement of the grain size, when compared with similar compacts fast–fired conventionally (i.e., without the coarsening step). This result indicates that the accepted view of the deleterious role of coarsening in the sintering of real powder compacts must be reexamined. Although extensive coarsening after the onset of densification must be reduced for the achievement of high density, limited coarsening prior to densification is beneficial for subsequent sintering.
Lateralization of interaural time and level differences measured with cochlear implant sound processors (2018)

Recently, our lab developed a novel technique that enables binaural sensitivity to be measured via unsynchronized clinical cochlear implant (CI) sound processors. By using a transposed-tone complex with carrier frequencies at the center frequency of the patient MAP, bilateral CI users have measurable sensitivity to interaural time and level differences (ITD and ILD, respectively) that is on par with results from bilaterally synchronized research platforms. In this work, we measure the extent to which a transposed-tone complex presented via clinical processors can be mapped to lateral locations in the head as a function of changes in ITD and ILD. In addition, lateralization was measured when ITDs and ILDs co-varied. Results show that listeners are able to lateralize the tone complex throughout the range of the head. However, the slope of the ITD lateralization function appears to be shallower than that of ILDs. When ITDs and ILDs co-vary, the slope of the lateralization function appears to follow that of ILDs, suggesting that bilateral CI users may not be combining the two cues for sound source lateralization.
Threshold selection for timely fault detection in feedback control systems (2005)

The inevitable time delay in fault detection, i.e. the time between the occurrence and detection of the fault, can cause stability problems in feedback control systems. The state of the art technologies, however, provide neither an analysis tool to evaluate the adverse influence of the detection delay on the closed-loop system's stability and performance nor guidelines for designers to overcome the instability introduced by the detection delay. In this paper we conduct a theoretical analysis of timely fault detection problem which concerns the detection of faults before the closed-loop system's performance deteriorates to an unacceptable extent. We first give a formal definition of the "timely" fault detection problem. Then we derive the upper and lower bounds of thresholds of fault detectors as well as a set of detectable faults. If the threshold is selected within the bounds, faults belonging to the detectable set can be detected in a timely manner and an acceptable level of performance is guaranteed.
Developing computer systems to support emergency operations: Standardization efforts by the Department of Energy and implementation at the DOE Savannah River Site (1990)

This paper describes the development of standards for emergency operations computer systems for the US Department of Energy (DOE). The proposed DOE computer standards prescribe the necessary power and simplicity to meet the expanding needs of emergency managers. Standards include networked UNIX workstations based on the client server model and software that presents information graphically using icons and windowing technology. DOE standards are based on those of the computer industry although Proposed DOE is implementing the latest technology to ensure a solid base for future growth. A case of how these proposed standards are being implemented is also presented. The Savannah River Site (SRS), a DOE facility near Aiken, South Carolina is automating a manual information system, proven over years of development. This system is generalized as a model that can apply to most, if not all, Emergency Operations Centers. This model can provide timely and validated information to emergency managers. By automating this proven system, the system is made easier to use. As experience in the case study demonstrates, computers are only an effective information tool when used as part of a proven process.
High CO<sub>2</sub> Selectivity of ZnO Powder Catalysts for Methanol Steam Reforming (2013)

To investigate the contribution of the ZnO supports in PdZn/ZnO catalysts used for methanol steam re-forming (MSR), we have investigated methanol steam re-forming on two different ZnO powder samples. The powder samples included a commercial powder with both polar and nonpolar surfaces exposed, and a plate-like sample preferentially exposing the polar ZnO(001)/ (001̅) surfaces. ZnO was found to be active and selective for MSR, with the polar surfaces being most active, but the activation energy for reaction (∼100 kJ/mol) was much larger than on unsupported PdZn(∼50 kJ/mol) or PdZn/ZnO. The experimental findings are supported by DFT calculations on key elementary steps and reaction intermediates on the ZnO(001) surface. We conclude that the contribution of the ZnO support to the MSR activity PdZn/ZnO catalyst system may not be very significant.