gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual-mode low-power bus encoding for high-performance bus drivers (2003)

System-level buses consume much more power by orders of magnitude than on-chip buses. Existing bus encoding schemes are based on rail-to-rail CMOS bus drivers while recent high-performance devices include BiCMOS bus drivers to achieve transfer bandwidth required. BiCMOS drivers consume significant quiescent power as well as active power proportional to the bus frequency. This paper introduces a precise power consumption model for BiCMOS drivers with source-termination resistors. Dual-mode bus encoding scheme is suggested as well for variable bus frequencies for power management.
Environmentally Benign Synthesis of Ultrathin Metal Telluride Nanowires (2014)

Metal telluride nanowires are attractive materials for many applications, yet most synthesis recipes require hazardous reducing agents such as hydrazine or sodium borohydride. We describe a two-step synthesis of various metal tellurides with nanowire morphology using a nonhazardous reducing agent, ascorbic acid. In the first step, Te grows one-dimensionally to form ultrathin nanowires; in the second step, these nanowires are converted to metal telluride nanowires by adding metal precursors. Analysis of the reaction products versus time provides insights into the growth and conversion mechanisms as well as the reaction rates.
Design of Distributed Generation with A Hybrid System in Karimunjawa Island (2015)

The current condition, in Karimunjawa Island, is supplied by diesel power with a total power output of 400kW. The number of households in this island is 1545, while the number of electricity customers as many as 850 homes with the local electrification ratio of 55%. With such high load electrification, the generator is only operated from 05.00pm-06.00pm every day to limit the operating costs. Methodology used was the determination of the size of the PV generator capacity based on the percentage of daily generation. The selection of conversion technology with hybrid concept synergizes photovoltaic to be combined with diesel. Loading simulations are performed with HOMER application that provides a variety of features on a variety of configurations and scenarios designed.The first scenario is in the form of giving additional capacity by using the power of 100kW of PV system and at peak load by adding the duration of the day with 5 hours, it is obtained the production of PV of 800kWh/day with the selling price of $ 3,900;/kWh. The second scenario is in the form of giving additional capacity by using the power of 100kW of PV system at noon for 10 hours and during peak load, it gains total value production of PV with1400kWh/day and distributed to system with a selling price of Rp 3,867/kWh.
Zn(OTf)<sub>2</sub>-Promoted Chemoselective Esterification of Hydroxyl Group Bearing Carboxylic Acids (2013)

Selective esterification of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids with various alcohols is studied using triphenylphosphine, I2, and a catalytic amount of Zn(OTf)2. Use of this catalyst allows the formation of esters at a faster rate with good to excellent yield by activating the in situ generated acyloxyphosphonium ion intermediate. During the esterification process, both their aromatic and aliphatic hydroxyl groups are fully preserved from transesterification. The results show that the bulkiness and the reactivity of this doubly activated intermediate III control the selectivity and the rate of the reaction, respectively. The method is also useful for direct amidation reactions.
The mechanism of heat transfer in nucleate pool boiling (1962)

A criterion is developed for bubble initiation from a gas filled cavity on a surface in contact with a superheated layer of liquid. It is found that the temperature of bubble initiation on a given surface is a function of the temperature conditions in the liquid surrounding the cavity as well as the surface properties themselves. It is also found that the delay time between bubbles is a function of the bulk liquid temperature and the wall superheat and is not constant for a given surface. By consideration of the transient conduction into a layer of liquid on the surface, a thermal layer thickness is obtained. With this thickness and a critical wall superheat relation for the cavity, a bubble growth rate is obtained. Bubble departure is considered and it is found that the Jakob and Fritz relation works as long as the true (non-equilibrium) bubble
High molecular weight dextran--effect on adhesion formation and peritonitis in rats. (1983)

To evaluate the effect of 32% dextran 70 instillation on intra-abdominal adhesion formation and intestinal leaks, 100 animals were prospectively, randomly, and blindly treated with a sham laparotomy (n = 10), sham plus 5 ml dextran (10), intestinal abrasion plus 2 ml (20) or 5 ml (20) of dextran or saline, or intestinal division and anastomosis plus 2 ml (20) or 5 ml (20) of dextran or saline. Autopsies were performed on the animals without knowledge of treatment group at the time of death or sacrifice at 2 weeks. Adhesions were graded 0 to 3, anastomoses were examined for leaks, and the peritoneal cavity was searched for abscesses or peritonitis. Anastomosis produced more severe adhesions than abrasion. Dextran significantly (P greater than 0.01) reduced adhesion formation but resulted in peritonitis (5/40) rather than abscess (7/40) as seen with saline.
A comparison principle for state-constrained differential inequalities and its application to time-optimal control (2005)

In this paper, we present a comparison principle that characterizes the maximal solutions of state-constrained differential inequalities in terms of solutions of certain differential equations with discontinuous right-hand sides. For the sake of completeness, we show through some set-valued analysis that the differential equations determining the maximal solutions have the unique solutions in the Carathe/spl acute/odory sense, in spite of discontinuity of their right-hand sides. We apply our comparison principle to the explicit characterization of the solution to a time-optimal control problem for a class of state-constrained second-order systems which includes the dynamic equations of robotic manipulators with geometric path constraints as well as single-degree-of-freedom mechanical systems with friction. Specifically, we show that the time-optimal trajectory is uniquely determined by two curves that can be constructed by solving two scalar ordinary differential equations with continuous right-hand sides. Hence, the time-optimal trajectory can be found in a computationally efficient way through the direct use of the well-known Euler or Runge-Kutta methods. Another interesting feature is that our method to solve the time-optimal control problem works even when there exist an infinite number of switching points. Finally, some simulation results using a two-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) robotic manipulator are presented to demonstrate the practical use of our complete characterization of the time-optimal solution.
The effect of multi-bit based connections on the area efficiency of FPGAs utilizing unidirectional routing resources (2010)

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are increasingly being used to implement large datapath-oriented applications that are designed to process multiple-bit wide data. Studies have shown that the regularity of these multi-bit signals can be effectively exploited to reduce the implementation area of datapath circuits on FPGAs that employ the traditional bidirectional routing. Most of modern FPGAs, however, employ unidirectional routing tracks which are more area and delay efficient. No study has investigated the design of multi-bit routing architectures to effectively transport multiple-bit wide signals using unidirectional routing tracks. This paper presents such an investigation of architectures which employ multi-bit connections and unidirectional routing resources to exploit datapath regularity. It is experimentally shown that unidirectional multi-bit routing architectures are 8.6% more area efficient than the conventional routing architecture. This paper also determines the most area efficient proportion of multi-bit routing tracks.
Synthetic vs natural scaffolds for human limbal stem cells (2015)

Natural scaffolds, fibrin and amniotic membrane, showed better cell viability than electrospun scaffolds. On the contrary, high percentages of p63 positive cells obtained on these scaffolds still makes them good candidates for efficient delivery systems for therapeutic purposes.
Identifying and treating patients with alcohol-related problems. (2000)

Problem drinking is a serious health issue, but often patients whose alcohol consumption places them at risk are not diagnosed by physicians. Case finding is an essential component of "best practice." In many cases if given the appropriate advice, counselling and behavioural interventions, problem drinkers can be helped to reduce their use of alcohol and improve functioning in other areas of their lives. Some patients may benefit from more comprehensive therapy including the prescription of disulfiram, calcium carbimide or naltrexone. For those with serious problems with alcohol, referral to specialized addiction treatment programs and other community resource centres may also be appropriate.
Chemical properties of electrosprayed antimony tin oxide thin film/Ag nanowire multilayer for transparent conductive electrodes (2014)

An antimony tin oxide (ATO) thin film/Ag nanowire (NW) multilayer was fabricated by spin-coating and electrospray deposition. To investigate the optimum thickness of the ATO thin layer deposited on Ag NWs, its deposition time was varied in the range of 0–15 min. The multilayer nanostructure with an ATO thin layer deposited for 3 min exhibited excellent sheet resistance (∼27.9 Ω/□), high optical transmittance (∼81.9%), good haze value (∼4.7%), excellent thermal stability under microwave annealing at 300 °C, and excellent chemical stability for 4 weeks because of the optimized ATO thin layer and excellent electrical conductivity of the Ag NWs.
Virtually imaged phased array with graded reflectivity (1999)

A virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) can produce large angular dispersion, i.e., change in output angle with change in wavelength. The insertion loss and crosstalk of the VIPA demultiplexer are analyzed. It is shown that both characteristics are significantly improved by modifying the reflectivity on the VIPA element. With a graded reflectivity instead of a uniform reflectivity, the mode coupling efficiency to the output fiber is improved from 80%99.5% and the crosstalk Is reduced from -23 to -59 dB.
Pollination ecology and fruiting behaviour in a monoecious species, Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae). (2002)

Jatropha curcas is a pantro pical shrub. It is monoecious and protandrous. The ratio of male to female flowers is 29 : 1. Both flower sexes open synchronously. The sexual system facilitates geitono gamy and xenogamy. The flower visitors include bees, ants, thrips and flies; bees and flies effect geitonogamy and xenogamy, while ants and thrips effect only geitonogamy. The fruiting behaviour indicates that the plant might selectively eliminate the growing offspring, e specially geitonogamous fruit to allocate the resources available to the plant, mostly for xenogamous fruit. The ability to self -pollinate through geitonogamy is considered to be adaptive for J. curcas for colonization. MONOECISM, the production of separate male and female flowers on the same plant, is relatively a common s exual system among flowering plants. It is widely prevalent in the members of Euphorbiaceae. Bullock 1 reported monoecy in the members of Euphorbia, Phyllanthus, Argythamnia, Chamaesyce, Cnidoscolus and Croton, and dioecy in Jatropha species. Studies made on the pollination ecology of some Euphorbiaceae species in Visakh apatnam region show that Cicca acida, Emblica officinalis 2
Individualized Next-Generation Biomathematical Modeling of Fatigue and Performance (2006)

Abstract : Biomathematical models of fatigue and performance provide a useful methodology for the prediction of fatigue resulting from sleep loss and circadian disruption in Air Force operations. However, currently available models do not have the capability to make predictions for individual subjects, which makes them inaccurate when not applied to large groups. This project employed a cutting-edge technique called Bayesian forecasting to develop a novel biomathematical performance model to predict responses to sleep loss and circadian displacement for individual subjects. Accomplishments during the period of work covered in this report included the following: 1) mathematical derivations and parameter estimations for the implementation of the Bayesian forecasting technique in the seminal two-process model of sleep regulation and in the chronic modulating process model; 2) model validation in accordance with the Box iterative scheme of model development; and 3) construction of a biomathematical model combining the two-process model of sleep regulation with the chronic modulating process model for the effects of chronic sleep restriction. The project has been transferred and is currently being continued at Washington State University.
Incorporating the Results of the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study Into Clinical Practice (2005)

We congratulate Robin et al1 and Jampel2 on their thought-provoking editorials. Commentaries such as these will stimulate debate and further research, which, in turn, will influence medical treatment and public policy.
Reviews of Books (1994)

Reviews of Books Get access Henry Poulaille and Proletarian Literature, 1920–39. By Rosemary Chapman. Amsterdam and Atlanta, Ga: Editions Rodopi. 1992. 264 pp. ISBN 90 5183 324 5. ROGER MAGRAW ROGER MAGRAW University of Warwick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French History, Volume 8, Issue 1, March 1994, Pages 121–123, https://doi.org/10.1093/fh/8.1.121 Published: 01 March 1994
Yet another approach for secure broadcasting based upon single key concept (2002)

Proposes a cryptosystem to solve the problem of broadcasting in a network. The cryptosystem has the following advantages: (1) only one ciphertext is sent out; (2) the operation of enciphering is performed only once; (3) the keys which are held by each user are the same as those of a public key cryptosystem: (4) the length of ciphertext is shorter than that previously proposed; (5) the sender can arbitrarily select the receivers who are requested to know the message: (6) digital signatures can easily be implemented: and (7) the security of the cryptosystem is the same as that of the RSA scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Distributed data collection and storage algorithms for collaborative learning vision sensor devices with applications to pilgrimage (2012)

This work presents novel distributed data collection and storage algorithms for collaborative learning Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In a large WSN, consider n sensor devices distributed randomly to acquire information and learn about a certain field. Such sensors have less power, small bandwidth, and short memory, and they might disappear from the network after certain time of operations. We propose two Distributed Data Storage Algorithms (DSAs), denoted by DSA–I and DSA–II, to solve this problem. In DSA–I, where the value of n is known for each learning sensor, we show that this algorithm is efficient in terms of the encoding/decoding operations. Furthermore, each node uses network flooding to disseminate its data throughout the network using mixing time approximately O(n). In DSA–II, it is assumed that dissemination of the data does not depend on the total number of network nodes, we show that the encoding operations take O(Cμ²), where μ is the mean degree of the network graph and C is a system parameter. Performance of these two algorithms matches the derived theoretical results. Finally, these two algorithms can be used for monitoring and measuring certain phenomenon in camp tents located in the Minna field in south–east side of Makkah.
Engineering of a Protein with Cyclooxygenase and Prostacyclin Synthase Activities That Converts Arachidonic Acid to Prostacyclin (2006)

Prostacyclin (PGI2), a vascular protector with vasodilation and antithrombotic properties, is synthesized by coupling reactions of cyclooxygenase (COX, the first enzyme) with PGI2 synthase (PGIS, the second enzyme) using arachidonic acid (AA) as an initial substrate. The first COX product, prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) is also a command substrate for other prostanoid enzymes that produce distinct eicosanoids, such as thromboxane A2 (TXA2). The actions of TXA2 to cause vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation oppose the vasodilatory and anti-aggregatory effects of PGI2. Specifically upregulating PGI2 biosynthesis is an ideal model for the prevention and treatment of the TXA2-mediated thrombosis involved in strokes and myocardial infarctions. Here, we report that a single protein was constructed by linking COX-2 and PGIS together to form a new fusion enzyme through a transmembrane domain with 10 or 22 residues. The engineered protein expressed in HEK293 and COS-7 cells was able to continually convert AA to prostaglandin (PG) G2 (catalytic step 1), PGH2 (catalytic step 2), and PGI2 (catalytic step 3). The studies first demonstrate that a single protein with three catalytic functions could directly synthesize PGI2 from AA with a Km of approximately 3.2 microM. Specific upregulation of PGI2 biosynthesis through expression of the engineered single protein in the cells has shown strong activity in inhibiting platelet aggregation induced by AA in vitro, which creates a great potential for the fusion enzyme to be used as one of the new therapeutic interventions for strokes and heart attacks. The studies have also provided a model linking COX with its downstream enzymes to specifically regulate biosynthesis of eicosanoids which have potent biological functions.
Optical phase locking in the microradian domain:?potential applications to NASA spaceborne optical measurements (1999)

We have constructed and demonstrated a high-performance optical phase-locked loop between two cw Nd:YAG lasers. The feedback system is relatively simple, employing only the laser's internal piezoelectric transducer and an external acousto-optic modulator. A residual phase noise of the order of 1microrad between two optical fields is achieved in the locked condition, as is verified by time- and frequency-domain analyses by the two-oscillator approach that is conventionally used in rf measurement. Potential applications to NASA space-based optical measurements are discussed.
An Anti-apoE4 Specific Monoclonal Antibody Counteracts the Pathological Effects of apoE4 In Vivo (2016)

ApolipoproteinE4 (apoE4) is the most prevalent genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and as such is a promising therapeutic target. This study examined the extent to which the pathological effects of apoE4 can be counteracted in vivo utilizing an immunological approach in which anti-apoE4 antibodies are applied peripherally by i.p. injections into apoE4-targeted replacement mice. Prerequisites for the successful pursuit of this objective are the availability of antibodies that specifically bind brain apoE4 and not apoE3, and demonstrating that direct application of these antibodies into the brain can counteract the effects of apoE4. Accordingly, it was shown that the antiapoE4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 9D11 binds specifically to brain apoE4 and not apoE3. Direct i.c.v. application of mAb 9D11 prevented the apoE4-driven accumulation of Aβ in hippocampal neurons following activation of the amyloid cascade by inhibiting the Aβ-degrading enzyme neprilysin. These findings provide a proof-of-concept that anti-apoE4 mAb 9D11, when introduced into the brain, can counteract the apoE4 effects in vivo. Subsequent experiments, utilizing repeated i.p. injections of mAb 9D11, resulted in the formation of apoE/IgG complexes specifically in apoE4 mice. This was associated with reversal of the cognitive impairments of apoE4 in the Morris water maze and the novel object recognition test as well as with reversal of key apoE4-driven pathologies including the hyperphosphorylated tau and the reduced levels of the apoER2 receptor. These results indicate that anti-apoE4 immunotherapy counteracts the cognitive and brain pathological effects of apoE4, and suggest that such an approach could also benefit human apoE4 carriers.
Emulated circulatory system integrated with lobule-mimetic liver to enhance the liver function (2012)

In the proposed paper, we report dielectrophoresis (DEP) liver lab chip integrated with Poly ethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) based blood vessel within the microfluidic system for reconstructing the engineered liver tissue with the feature of liver function enhancement. The titanium (Ti) electrodes are well designed to provide positive dielectrophoresis (pDEP) and negative dielectrophoresis (nDEP) force to pattern HepG2 and 3T3 fibroblast cells. To mimic the blood flow direction of the liver lobule in vivo, we have integrated the reconstructed liver lobule with hydrogel encapsulated blood vessel. As smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells are the main components of blood vessel, we have utilized these cells and encapsulated within PEGDA hydrogel to mimic blood vessels. When assayed for urea concentration in cultured medium for five time points, the trend illustrated the enhanced metabolism of hepatocytes via blood vessel integrated lobule-mimetic pattern.
Dose-Dense Chemotherapy As Adjuvant Treatment for Breast Cancer (2004)

have tested the hypothesis that outcome is improved with increased dose density of chemotherapy. Although it is not stated, it is likely that the dose-dense arms received considerably more granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) than the conventionally scheduled arms. An assumption is that G-CSF had no effect other than increasing neutrophil count and activity against infection. However, G-CSF has been found to stimulate other potentially antitumor immune functions, including chemotaxis [2], adhesion [3], pre-B cells [4], and T helper cell type 2-inducing dendritic cells [5]. G-CSF can also have an anti-inflammatory effect [6]. Inflammation is thought to play an important role in cancer, and an antiinflammatory approach to cancer treatment has been proposed [7]. Is the improved outcome due to increased dose density of chemotherapy, to increased G-CSF use, or both? To answer that question, an appropriate trial would be "dose-dense" adjuvant chemotherapy (with scheduled G-CSF) versus "standard" adjuvant chemotherapy (with scheduled G-CSF in the same dose) versus "standard" adjuvant chemotherapy (with G-CSF as clinically indicated).