gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of vitamin C supplementation on acute phase Chagas disease in experimentally infected mice with Trypanosoma cruzi QM1 strain (2012)

The tissue changes that occur in Chagas disease are related to the degree of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity of affected tissue. Studies with vitamin C supplementation did not develop oxidative damage caused by Chagas disease in the host, but other studies cite the use of peroxiredoxins ascorbate - dependent on T. cruzi to offer protection against immune reaction. Based on these propositions, thirty "Swiss" mice were infected with T. cruzi QM1 strain and treated with two different vitamin C doses in order to study the parasitemia evolution, histopathological changes and lipid peroxidation biomarkers during the acute phase of Chagas disease. The results showed that the parasite clearance was greater in animals fed with vitamin C overdose. There were no significant differences regarding the biomarkers of lipid peroxidation and inflammatory process or the increase of myocardium in animals treated with the recommended dosage. The largest amount of parasite growth towards the end of the acute phase suggests the benefit of high doses of vitamin C for trypomastigotes. The supplementation doesn't influence the production of free radicals or the number of amastigote nests in the acute phase of Chagas disease.
Distinct Requirements for p38α and c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Stress-activated Protein Kinases in Different Forms of Apoptotic Neuronal Death (2004)

The stress-activated protein kinases c-Jun-activated kinase (JNK) and p38 are implicated in neuronal apoptosis. Early studies in cell lines suggested a requirement for both in the apoptosis induced by withdrawal of nerve growth factor. However, studies in neuronal cells typically implicate JNK but not p38 in apoptosis. In some cases, p38 is implicated, but the role of JNK is undefined. It remains unclear whether p38 and JNK have differing roles dependent on cell type, apoptotic stimulus, or mechanism of cell death or whether they are redundant and each sufficient to induce identical forms of cell death. We investigate the relative roles of these protein kinases in different death mechanisms in a single system, cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Apoptosis induced by withdrawal of trophic support and glutamate are mechanistically different in terms of caspase activation, DNA fragmentation profile, chromatin morphology, and dependence on de novo gene expression. Caspase-independent apoptosis induced by glutamate is accompanied by strong activation of p38, and dominant negatives and inhibitors of the p38 pathway prevent this apoptosis. In contrast, withdrawal of trophic support induces caspase-dependent death accompanied by JNK-dependent phosphorylation of c-Jun, and inhibition of JNK is sufficient to prevent the death induced by withdrawal of trophic support. Inhibition of p38 does not block withdrawal of trophic support-induced death, nor does inhibition of JNK block glutamate-induced death. We propose that mechanistically different forms of apoptosis have differing requirements for p38 and JNK activities in neurons and demonstrate that only inhibition of the appropriate kinase will prevent neurons from undergoing apoptosis.
Automatic Content Extraction on Semi-structured Documents (2011)

Extracting specific content from certain types of documents can be a very challenging task, especially when developing a not so tailored solution and refraining from using explicit contextual information. In this paper, we address the problem of automatically extracting data from semi-structured documents through an unsupervised process based on an analysis of the document's own morphological composition. We also discuss how this approach can be applied to different types of documents, with special attention being paid to college transcripts. The success of our method is supported by extensive tests, from which we have drawn some authentic examples.
Robust Pre-Attentive Attention Direction Using Chaos Theory for Video Surveillance (2013)

Attention direction for active vision systems has been of substantial interest in the image processing and computer vision communities for video surveillance. Biological vision systems have been shown to possess a hierarchical structure where a pre-attentive processing function directs the visual attention to regions of interest which are then possibly further processed by higher-level vision functions. Biological neural systems are also highly responsive to signals which appear to be chaotic in nature. In this paper we explore applying measures from chaos theory and fractal analysis to provide a robust pre-attentive processing engine for vision. The approach is applied to two standard data sets related to video surveillance for detecting bags left suspiciously in public places. Results compare quite favorably in terms of probability of detection versus false detection rate shown through Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves against two traditional methods for low-level change detection, namely Mutual Information, Sum of Absolute Differences, and Gaussian Mixture Models.
'Early warning systems' for identifying new healthcare technologies. (1999)

T he overall aim of the NHS R&D Health Technology Assessment (HTA) programme is to ensure that high-quality research information on the costs, effectiveness and broader impact of health technologies is produced in the most efficient way for those who use, manage and work in the NHS. Research is undertaken in those areas where the evidence will lead to the greatest benefits to patients, either through improved patient outcomes or the most efficient use of NHS resources.
Out of Africa? The Harper government's new “tilt” in the developing world (2009)

(2009). Out of Africa? The Harper government's new “tilt” in the developing world. Canadian Foreign Policy Journal: Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 41-56.
Organometallic chemistry of sulfur/phosphorus donor ligand complexes of nickel(II) and nickel(0) (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganometallic chemistry of sulfur/phosphorus donor ligand complexes of nickel(II) and nickel(0)Yui May Hsiao, Stephen S. Chojnacki, Pamela Hinton, Joseph H. Reibenspies, and Marcetta Y. DarensbourgCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 3, 870–875Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00027a041https://doi.org/10.1021/om00027a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views601Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of Neopeace ® , Neopeace-F101 ® , and Malaysia Assurance Rats Glue ® for Trapping Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) in the Field (2008)

he potential of the fly adhesives Neopeace ® , Neopeace-F101 ® , and Malaysia Assurance Rats
Cutoffs and Flood Plain's development of the Isikari River (1991)

Eighty years have passed since systematic river improvement works in the Ishikari River basin started in 1910.Laid down by the alluvial soil along the middle reaches and sand clay in the downstream reaches, topographic features caused the meandering of the Ishikari River and a rather small gradient of river bed.Since 1917 cutoff works were readily adopted as the best method to direct the flood overflow smoothly, to prevent flood overflow and to lower the ground water level of many swamps, based on detailed studies of hydraulics and regional developments in the future.River realignments by cutoff projects implemented in 29 channel reaches have succeeded in preventing flood damages in the Ishikari River basin.This paper describes the decision-making processes of cutoff works adopted in the Ishikari River and tremendous effects of large-scale projects on hydraulic characteristics and regional developments.
398. The preparation of β-amino-alcohols (1957)

J. H. Hunt and D. McHale, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 2073 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570002073
The National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program: Over 20 Years of Improving Hemoglobin A1c Measurement (2018)

The interactions between the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program and manufacturers of HbA<sub>1c</sub> methods have been instrumental in standardizing HbA<sub>1c</sub>. Proficiency testing using whole blood has allowed accuracy-based assessment of methods in individual clinical laboratories that has made an important contribution to improving the HbA<sub>1c</sub> measurement in patient samples. These initiatives, supported by the efforts of the IFCC network, have led to a continuing enhancement of HbA<sub>1c</sub> methods.Many of the factors that previously influenced HbA<sub>1c</sub> results independently of blood glucose have been eliminated from most modern methods. These include carbamylation, labile intermediates, and common hemoglobin variants. Nevertheless, some factors (e.g., race and aging) may alter HbA<sub>1c</sub> interpretation, but whether these differences have clinical implications remains contentious. HbA<sub>1c</sub> has a fundamental role in the diagnosis and management of diabetes. Ongoing improvements in HbA<sub>1c</sub> measurement and quality will further enhance the clinical value of this analyte.
Acoustical Characteristics of Fibrous Absorbent Material (1970)

First Page
Mass spectrometric determination of insulins and their degradation products in sports drug testing (2007)

Insulins' anabolic and anti-catabolic properties have supposedly led to its misuse in sport. Hence, doping control assays were developed to allow the unequivocal identification of synthetic insulin analogs and metabolic products derived from human insulin and its artificial counterparts in urine and plasma specimens. Analyses were based on immunoaffinity purification and subsequent characterization of target analytes by top-down sequencing-based approaches, which were conducted with hybrid tandem mass spectrometers that consisted of either quadrupole-linear ion trap or linear ion trap-orbitrap analyzers. Diagnostic product ions and analytical strategies are presented and discussed in light of the need to unambiguously identify misused drugs in urine and plasma specimens for doping control.
Quantitative Use of 4D Seismic Data for Reservoir Description (2005)

Summary The major contribution of this paper is the description of an efficient, gradient-based method for incorporating time-lapse seismic impedance data in anautomatic history matching procedure. We use a finite-difference, black-oilreservoir simulator, with rock physics included, to predict seismic impedanceas a function of saturation and pressure. The adjoint method is used to computethe derivatives of seismic impedance change in each gridblock with respect toporosity, permeability, pressure and phase saturation. With a quasi-Newtonminimization method to efficiently minimize the difference between observedimpedance changes and the impedance changes predicted using the reservoirsimulator, our procedure can be applied to field-scale problems. Thefeasibility of this method of utilizing time-lapse seismic data is illustratedwith an application to a semi-synthetic model created from a relatively largemiddle-eastern oil field.
Susceptibility of Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type I to Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (2003)

A single-cycle infection assay with recombinant viral vectors was developed to study human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) replication and its inhibition by antiviral agents. The susceptibility of HTLV-I to 6 nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors was examined. HTLV-I replication was inhibited by tenofovir, abacavir, lamivudine, zalcitabine, stavudine, and zidovudine.
Design of a Microwave-Frequency Light Modulator (1962)

A device is described which intensity modulates a light beam at modulating frequencies in the microwave region. A high-Q re-entrant capacity-loaded coaxial-line resonator employing a properly oriented slab of uniaxial crystal of the dihydrogen phosphate variety as its dielectric medium is coupled to a microwave-frequency generator tuned to the fundamental cavity mode. A light path is provided through the resonator so that a beam of plane polarized light can pass through the crystal into a suitably oriented analyzer. The intensity of the light beam emerging from the latter varies at the same rate as the cavity frequency.
Fast exact filtered-X LMS and LMS algorithms for multichannel active noise control (2002)

In some situations where active noise control could be used, the well-known multichannel version of the filtered-X LMS adaptive filter is too computationally-complex to implement. In this paper, we develop a fast, exact implementation of this multichannel system whose complexity is approximately O(2L) per filter channel, where L is the FIR filter length. In addition, we provide a computationally-efficient method for effectively removing the delays of the secondary paths within the coefficient updates, thus yielding a fast implementation of the LMS adaptive algorithm for multichannel active noise control. Examples illustrate both the equivalence of the algorithms to their original counterparts and the computational gains provided by the new algorithms.
Gait-based Person Re-identification (2019)

The way people walk is a strong correlate of their identity. Several studies have shown that both humans and machines can recognize individuals just by their gait, given that proper measurements of the observed motion patterns are available. For surveillance applications, gait is also attractive, because it does not require active collaboration from users and is hard to fake. However, the acquisition of good-quality measures of a person’s motion patterns in unconstrained environments, (e.g., in person re-identification applications) has proved very challenging in practice. Existing technology (video cameras) suffer from changes in viewpoint, daylight, clothing, accessories, and other variations in the person’s appearance. Novel three-dimensional sensors are bringing new promises to the field, but still many research issues are open. This article presents a survey of the work done in gait analysis for re-identification in the past decade, looking at the main approaches, datasets, and evaluation methodologies. We identify several relevant dimensions of the problem and provide a taxonomic analysis of the current state of the art. Finally, we discuss the levels of performance achievable with the current technology and give a perspective of the most challenging and promising directions of research for the future.
Screening, Surveillance, and Primary Prevention for Colorectal Cancer: A Review of the Recent Literature (2008)

C olorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major clinical and public health challenge, with 148,810 new cases and 49,960 deaths expected in the United States in 2008. In this review, we summarize important developments in CRC screening and surveillance over the past several years and discuss the present state of the art of this field.
Detecting and refactoring code smells in spreadsheet formula (2013)

Preprint of article published in: Empirical Software Engineering, February 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York, doi:10.1007/s10664-013-9296-2 Spreadsheets are used extensively in business processes around the world and just like software, spreadsheets are changed throughout their lifetime causing understandability and maintainability issues. This paper adapts known code smells to spreadsheet formulas. To that end we present a list of metrics by which we can detect smelly formulas; a visualization technique to highlight these formulas in spreadsheets and a method to automatically suggest refactorings to resolve smells. We implemented the metrics, visualization and refactoring suggestions techniques in a prototype tool and evaluated our approach in three studies. Firstly, we analyze the EUSES spreadsheet corpus, to study the occurrence of the formula smells. Secondly, we analyze ten real life spreadsheets, and interview the spreadsheet owners about the identified smells. Finally, we generate refactoring suggestions for those ten spreadsheets and study the implications. The results of these evaluations indicate that formula smells are common, that they can reveal real errors and weaknesses in spreadsheet formulas and that in simple cases they can be refactored.
A Methodology for the Design of Guaranteed Correct and Efficient Digital Systems (1996)

Achieving correct designs is quickly becoming the bottleneck in the design of complex digital systems. In this paper we discuss our experience with developing and implementing a novel transformationbased design methodology for the design of guaranteed correct synchronous digital systems. By applying user-selected behavior-preserving transformation steps throughout the complete design phase ---from specification to implementation--- firsttime -right designs can be obtained while exploiting the experience, flexibility, and creativity of the designer. This approach, which is independent of a specific application domain or target architecture, allows us to support the life cycle of a design through multiple design iterations from prototype to full custom implementation. The methodology is augmented with a transparent, syntax-based translation mechanism for the support of almost full VHDL. Behavior-preserving design transformations are used to remove the VHDL event mechanism. A combinatio...
Identification of the Contamination Source Location in the Drinking Water Distribution System Based on the Neural Network Classifier (2018)

The contamination ingression to the Water Distribution System (WDS) may have a major impact on the drinking water consumers health. In the case of the WDS contamination the data from the water quality sensors may be efficiently used for the appropriate disaster management. In this paper the methodology based on the Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) neural network classifier for the identification of the contamination source location in the WDS is proposed. For that purpose, two algorithms for the simplified representation of the WDS in the form of separate subzones, and the water quality monitoring stations locations in the WDS are proposed. As the result of identification, the appropriate subzone of the WDS is identified as the location of the contamination ingression. Within that identified subzone, the node which is the contamination source node is located. To obtain the all required water contamination data for the proposed classifier synthesis the computer simulations have been performed with the mathematical model of the WDS in Chojnice city in the northern Poland. The promising results of that experiment have been obtained.
High-frequency ultrasonic cleaning tank utilizing oblique incidence (1996)

Transmission characteristics of a double-structured tank, used for high-frequency (1 MHz range) ultrasonic cleaning of semiconductor wafers and substrates, were improved by utilizing oblique incidence of ultrasonic waves. As the sound transmittivity through a plate in water varies with the angle of incidence, the bottom of the Pyrex glass inner container was slanted at the angle where strong transmission occurred. In the slant-bottom container, an intensive and uniform sound pressure distribution was measured with a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hydrophone probe. In comparison with the conventional horizontal-bottom container, it was shown that the distributions as well as amplitude of sound pressure were remarkably improved by slanting the bottom of the inner container at the proper angle.
Power loss and junction temperature analysis of power semiconductor devices (2003)

A new developed electro-thermal calculation method is implemented to estimate the power loss and working temperature of IGBT devices. Based on the measurement of IGBT characteristics, the exact estimation of power loss considering the junction temperature is introduced. Then the thermal network is used to calculate the working temperature. The comparison between experiment and calculation results shows that this method is effective as a designing step with only the time domain voltage and current data obtained from simulation results.
REDUCTION OF FIRE BLIGHT INCIDENCE ON APPLE FLOWERS AND COLONISATION OF PEAR SHOOTS IN EXPERIMENTAL ORCHARDS USING PSEUDOMONAS SPP. IPV-BO G19 AND IPV-BO 3371 (2006)

ISHS X International Workshop on Fire Blight REDUCTION OF FIRE BLIGHT INCIDENCE ON APPLE FLOWERS AND COLONISATION OF PEAR SHOOTS IN EXPERIMENTAL ORCHARDS USING PSEUDOMONAS SPP. IPV-BO G19 AND IPV-BO 3371
Protective effect of a caspase inhibitor in models for cerebral ischemia in vitro and in vivo. (2000)

In primary neuronal-astrocyte cultures from mouse brain, ischemic conditions were simulated by combined oxygen-glucose deprival (OGD) for 2 hrs. This treatment resulted in near complete neuronal damage 24 hrs. later and was accompanied by DNA degradation and apoptotic nuclear morphology. Since caspases are key enzymes in the propagation and execution of programmed cell death, we evaluated the effect of the caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk. Damage following 2 hrs. OGD could be reduced by up to 56% with z-VAD-fmk (p<0.05). DNA-fragmentation and caspase activation has been also reported in an in vivo model of cerebral ischemia imitating human stroke. In this model the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is permanently occluded resulting in focal cerebral ischemia and subsequent infarction. Since z-VAD.fmk does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier it was applied intraventricularly as a bolus injection given 30 min. before MCA occlusion which was followed by 24 hrs. of infusion. Infarct volume was determined 48 hrs. after MCA occlusion by means of in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. Z-VAD.fmk dose dependently reduced infarct volume reaching a significant decrease of the cortical infarct by 45% when given as a 120 ng bolus followed by 40 ng/hr. infusion (p<0.05). In summary, our study supports the concept that caspase inhibitors are beneficial in brain ischemia.