gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An instructional scaffolding approach to teaching software design (2006)

Students often find introductory computer science courses boring and mechanical, leading many to drop from the major. Educators have suggested that bringing realistic design problems into the introductory courses would increase student retention and better prepare students for the major. However, the design and implementation of a solution to a realistic problem is often nontrivial and can therefore be very stressful to students. By using the pedagogical paradigm of scaffolding, this anxiety can be ameliorated. A prototypical design course is described where students implement solutions to progressively more difficult design problems. The solutions to these initial assignments are then continually refactored and used as the code-base for subsequent assignments and the culminating team project. The social interactions necessary for instructional scaffolding are facilitated by having each final project be unique, but similar enough to allow students to help each other. We describe the framework of assignments used in our course, including the capstone projects in which students develop computer vision-based systems that do things like read dice and poker hands, and sort M&Ms.
A Physical Model for On-Chip Spiral Inductors With Accurate Substrate Modeling (2006)

A physical-based analytical model for on-chip inductors is developed. A ladder structure is used to model the skin and proximity effects in metal lines. The substrate electric and substrate magnetic losses are accurately modeled by RC and RL ladder structures, respectively. The effective inductance reduction due to the eddy current in the lossy silicon substrate at high frequency is modeled by a negative mutual inductance between the inductor and the substrate. All the model parameters can be calculated from the layout and process parameters. On-chip inductors with different geometries and substrate resistivities were fabricated for the verifications. The measured results are in very good agreement with the proposed model. This generic model can be applied to various substrate resistivities; thus, it is suitable for different technologies. This model can facilitate the design and optimization of on-chip inductors for RF IC applications
Synthesis of Heterocycles Through Hydrosilylation, Silylformylation, Silylcarbocyclization and Cyclohydrocarbonylation Reactions (2006)

The design and development of highly efficient catalytic methods for the synthesis of carbocycles and heterocycles has been the subject of extensive study, because of their relevance to life sciences and material sciences. Among various available synthetic methods, the transition-metal-catalyzed cyclization reactions has attracted much attention for the transformation of simple starting materials into heterocyclic scaffolds, which can be further elaborated into more specific targets. Accordingly, this review describes recent advances in the synthesis of heterocycles by means of intramolecular hydrosilylation, intramolecular silylformylation, silylcarbocyclization (SiCaC), and cyclohydrocarbonylation reactions.
From VACTERL‐H to heterotaxy: Variable expressivity of ZIC3—related disorders (2011)

The ZIC3 gene encodes a zinc finger protein which functions as a transcription factor in early stages of left-right body axis formation. Mutations in this X-linked gene cause a variety of clinical manifestations including heterotaxy, complex or isolated heart defect as well as other midline urogenital and hindgut malformations. We report a four generation family with X-linked heterotaxy associated with a deletion of the ZIC3 gene at Xq26.3. The index fetus of our proband showed classical features of heterotaxy while her maternal uncle and one brother had imperforate anus and her other brother had features suggestive of VACTERL-H without heterotaxy. A 1.4 Mb deletion in Xq26.3 including the ZIC3 gene was found in the fetus. Six females in the family were found to be asymptomatic carriers. Our report indicates that some of the cases with VACTERL-H syndrome may be caused by a mutation or deletion of the ZIC3 gene.
Alteration of oestrous cycle length, ovarian function and oxytocin-induced release of prostaglandin F-2α by intrauterine and intramuscular administration of recombinant bovine interferon-α to cows (1991)

An experiment was conducted to (i) determine whether administration of recombinant bovine interferon-alpha I1 (rBoIFN-alpha) attenuates oxytocin-induced release of prostaglandin F-2 alpha and (ii) confirm previous observations that rBoIFN-alpha causes acute changes in body temperature and circulating concentrations of progesterone. Cows were treated twice a day from Day 14 to Day 17 after oestrus with a control regimen (bovine serum albumin (BSA), i.m. + BSA intrauterine (i.u.)), rBoIFN-alpha, i.u. + BSA, i.m. (rBoIFN-IU) or rBoIFN-alpha, i.m. + BSA, i.u. (rBoIFN-IM). On Day 17, plasma concentrations of 13,14-dihydro,15-keto-prostaglandin F-2 alpha (PGFM) were measured after injection of oxytocin. Cows treated with rBoIFN-IU and rBoIFN-IM had longer oestrous cycles and luteal lifespans than control cows. A hyperthermic response and decline in plasma concentrations of progesterone was noticed after administration of rBoIFN-alpha on Day 14. On other days, the hyperthermic response was not present and the decline in progesterone was less pronounced. There was no significant effect of rBoIFN-alpha on circulating concentrations of oestradiol between Days 14 and 17. The release of PGFM induced by oxytocin was lower in cows treated with rBoIFN-alpha than in control cows. Oxytocin caused increased plasma concentrations of PGFM in four of five control cows, two of five rBoIFN-IU cows and two of five rBoIFN-IM cows. The peak PGF-2 alpha response to oxytocin (peak value after injection minus mean concentration before injection) was 257.8 +/- 61.3 pg/ml for control cows, 100.7 +/- 40.8 pg/ml for rBoIFN-IU and 124.9 +/- 40.4 pg/ml for rBoIFN-IM. It is concluded that rBoIFN-alpha can reduce oxytocin-induced PGFM release and may therefore extend the lifespan of the corpus luteum by interfering with events leading to luteolytic release of PGF from the uterus. Administration of rBoIFN-alpha can cause acute changes in body temperature and circulating concentrations of progesterone that become less severe after repeated exposure to rBoIFN-alpha.
[Determination of anti-DNA and anti-RNA antibodies in serum and CSF by a new counterimmunoelectrophoresis method]. (1977)

A new quantitative counterimmunoelectrophoresis technique allows the determination of anti-DNA and anti-RNA antibodies in the serum and the unconcentrated CSF. Normal sera (but not normal CSF) presents anti-DNA and anti-RNA antibodies probably of IgG type. Pathological results (elevated serum values and/or presence of anti-nucleic antibodies in CSF) are observed in some neurological diseases especially SSPE, multiple sclerosis and, generally speaking infectious diseases. A very significant correlation exists between the presence of anti-nucleic antibodies in CSF and a local (intrathecal) IgG synthesis. The same correlation is observed with oligoclonal aspect in CSF. In some cases a percentage of anti-nucleic antibodies higher in CSF than in serum may indicate the persistence of an infectious agent inside the central nervous system.
Étude des effets de l'acide D-aspartique β-hydroxamate (DAH) sur un rétrovirus murin (1992)

It is known that aspartic acid isomerization process plays a role in aging processes and may be used as a marker for aging of natural materials. As for Alzheimer's disease, the most abundant modification in the peptide profile is the aspartate isomerization of amyloid-β. Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry-based approaches with Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) or Electron Capture Dissociation (ECD) fragmentation provide a good and precise method for the relative quantitation of iso- to normal amyloid-β peptides but require additional time consuming steps. In this study, MALDI-TOF/TOF-matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MS) method was developed as a high-throughput approach for the relative quantitation of the isomerized form of the amyloid-β peptide.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Tamoxifen-Associated Uterine Mullerian Adenosarcoma: A Case Report (2008)

Müllerian adenosarcoma of the uterus is a rare biphasic tumor, which was first described in 1974. Recent studies have suggested an association with tamoxifen therapy, but there have been few reports with detailed imaging findings. We present a case with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of this rare tumor in a woman who received long-term tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer. In addition, myometrial invasion was detected more accurately with MRI compared to ultrasound in this one single case.
THE VERSATILITY OF ORGANOCLAYS FOR PERMEABLE BARRIERS (2010)

Permeable barriers at creosote and PNAH containing sediments require a barrier which is permeable and, at the same time, traps creosote and PNAH plumes. Such plumes can also include such organic hydrocarbons as PCP and other chlorinated phenolic compounds, PCB's and BTEX's. Lab tests and actual field applications have shown that organically modified clays are an excellent medium to trap such compounds in groundwater and in sediments at old MPG sites. The PNAH compounds include naphthalene, pyrene, fluorine, anthrazene and others. Organoclays are very well suited to trap these compounds efficiently. Since pesticides are also a serious problem for groundwater and sediments, a brief literature review is included. This article reports on various laboratory tests and actual field results, which have been obtained over the years, showing the suitability of organoclays as a component of permeable barriers.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBON‐CARBON BOND FORMATION VIA TRANSITION METALS, ADDITION‐ELIMINATION OF ARYL AND ALKENYL HALIDES TO METHYLTRIS(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE)RHODIUM (1973)

Abstract Ä′ Methyl‐tris‐triphenylphosphin‐rhodium (I) liefert mit Phenyljodid (II) über ein Einschiebungsprodukt (III) unter Übertragung der Methylgruppe Toluol (IV) neben dem Rhodium‐Komplex (V).
Modélisation des bruits de jets supersoniques. Mesures des échelles intégrales en jet supersonique chaud. Etude bibliographique des techniques de mesures de températures instationnaires. (2005)

Rapport de contrat ONERA-Université de Poitiers (LEA) - Ref. F/11.315/DA.RRAG Décembre 2005.
ON THE DESIGN OF SUB-MM WAVE AMPLITUDE HOLOGRAMS FOR CATR (2002)

A compact antenna test range (CATR) based on a 3 in hologram has been designed in order to measure the ESA ADMIRALS test antenna at 322 G-Hz. Also, a 650 GHz demonstration CATR, based on a 0.97 in hologram has been designed. Both CATRs will be realized and tested later in 2002. In tins paper, the design of the CATRs is discussed and simulation results are present- ed.
NMR Structural Analysis of a Modular Threading Tetraintercalator Bound to DNA (2004)

The synthesis and NMR structural studies are reported for a modular threading tetraintercalator bound to DNA. The tetraintercalator design is based on 1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic naphthalene diimide units connected through flexible peptide linkers. Aided by an overall C(2) symmetry, NMR analysis verified a threading polyintercalation mode of binding, with linkers alternating in the order minor groove, major groove, minor groove, analogous to how a snake might climb a ladder. This study represents the first NMR analysis of a threading tetraintercalator and, as such, structurally characterizes a new topology for molecules that bind to relatively long DNA sequences with extensive access to both DNA grooves.
Bacteriochlorophyll a and Its Derivatives: Chemistry and Perspectives for Cancer Therapy (2008)

The review summarizes the chemistry of the third generation of photosensitizers, namely, the derivatives of natural bacteriochlorophyll a, for photodynamic treatment of cancer. The compounds of this class strongly absorb light at lambda=770-850 nm. This unique property opens new therapeutic opportunities due to deeper tissue penetration of light, thereby increasing the photodamage for tumor eradication. Analyzed are the modifications of bacteriochlorophyll a, that improve physico-chemical characteristics of compounds and enhance accumulation in tumors. Focusing on the delivery of photosensitizers to the tumor site and to specific intracellular compartments, we describe the conjugates of bacteriochlorophyll a, derivatives with carbohydrate and protein carriers. Boronated bacteriochlorins can be used in both photodynamic and boron neutron capture therapy.
Post‐transcriptional regulation of IGF1R by key microRNAs in long–lived mutant mice (2011)

Long-lived mutant mice, both Ames dwarf and growth hormone receptor gene-disrupted or knockout strains, exhibit heightened cognitive robustness and altered IGF1 signaling in the brain. Here, we report, in both these long-lived mice, that three up-regulated lead microRNAs, miR-470, miR-669b, and miR-681, are involved in posttranscriptional regulation of genes pertinent to growth hormone/IGF1 signaling. All three are most prominently localized in the hippocampus and correspond to reduced expression of key IGF1 signaling genes: IGF1, IGF1R, and PI3 kinase. The decline in these genes' expression translates into decreased phosphorylation of downstream molecules AKT and FoxO3a. Cultures transfected with either miR-470, miR-669b, or miR-681 show repressed endogenous expression of all three genes of the IGF1 signaling axis, most significantly IGF1R, while other similarly up-regulated microRNAs, including let-7g and miR-509, do not induce the same levels of repression. Transduction study in IGF1-responsive cell cultures shows significantly reduced IGF1R expression, and AKT to some extent, most notably by miR-681. This is accompanied by decreased levels of downstream phosphorylated forms of AKT and FoxO3a upon IGF1 stimulation. Suppression of IGF1R by the three microRNAs is further validated by IGF1R 3'UTR reporter assays. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-470, miR-669b, and miR-681 are all functionally able to suppress IGF1R and AKT, two upstream genes controlling FoxO3a phosphorylation status. Their up-regulation in growth hormone signaling-deficient mutant mouse brain suggests reduced IGF1 signaling at the posttranscriptional level, for numerous gains of neuronal function in these long-lived mice.
Preparation of Oxides, Glycols and Polyglycols from Lower Olefines. I. (1961)

The authors contemplated to find optimum conditions to manufacture ethylene oxide and glycol by the chlorohydrine method. It was found that high yield of ethylenechlorohydrine was obtainable in circulating type reaction column, whereby violenter agitation promotes higher yield when 20% excess of ethylene was introduced. Further investigations were made to establish direct chlorination condition with result in high yield, by using untreated gaseous chlorine generated by electrolysis of brine. When a horizontal type reactor and same type of providing nets at the bottom were employed, by using calcium hydroxide as dehydrochloric acid, optimum conditions on holding time, amount of blow-in steam and temperature at the outlet of dephlegmeter were also investigated and decided. Both catalytic and high pressure process manufacturing ethylene glycol were investigated and optimum conditions for molecular ratio of water to ethylene oxide, temperature, time, pressure and neutralization of catalyst were decided.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of a Plocamium Monoterpene Marine Natural Product. Synthetic Applications of Bridgehead Allylsilanes. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fuzzy logic -- artificial neural networks integration for transient identification (1991)

A methodology is presented that integrates pretrained artificial neural networks (ANNs) with rule-based fuzzy logic systems, for the purpose of distinguishing different transients in a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). In general this approach appears to provide timely, concise and task specific information about the status of a system under consideration. The pretrained neural network typifies different transient scenarios and derives membership functions which independently represent individual transients. The overall system successfully performs transient identification, in a time span faster or at least comparable to that of transient development. In order to examine the proposed methodology simulated accidents are used. The results obtained demonstrate the excellent noise tolerance of ANNs and suggest a new approach for transient identification.
Ferrites NiZnCu à basse température de frittage pour composants H-VHF intégrés (1999)

L'ajout d'oxyde de cuivre dans les ferrites spinelles nizn permet d'en diminuer les temperatures de formation. On parvient ainsi a diminuer les temperatures de chamottage et de frittage d'environ 300\c. Nous avons montre que l'oxyde de cuivre n'a pas un role de fondant mais qu'il permet l'acceleration des mecanismes de diffusion qui sont a l'origine de la formation de la phase et de la densification. L'optimisation de la composition chimique et des conditions de preparation (broyage, chamottage et frittage) conduit a des microstructures fines, homogenes et denses. Les substitutions par le cobalt diminuent les pertes magnetiques a faible et forte amplitude. Cet effet est attribue a l'anisotropie magnetique induite par les ions cobalt qui bloque les parois de domaines et supprime les pertes associees. Une reduction des pertes totales d'un facteur 5 peut ainsi etre obtenue par rapport a l'etat de l'art pour des frequences de fonctionnement comprises entre 1 et 2 mhz et des inductions inferieures a 25 mt. La resistivite electrique des ferrites nizncu substitues par le cobalt est elevee ( 10 8. M) et les pertes dielectriques sont faibles (tg 10 3 entre 1 mhz et 100 mhz). Ceci est attribue a des resistivites intrinseques des grains importantes associees a des microstructures fines et des densites elevees. Grace a l'abaissement des temperatures de frittage, il est possible de cofritter ces ferrites avec de l'argent pour realiser des composants inductifs integres (micro-inductances, ) presentant des performances optimales (coefficient de surtension eleve ou puissance volumique transmise importante).
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthesis of 4,5‐Dihydro‐1,3‐oxazoles and 4,5‐Dihydro‐1,3‐oxazines, Useful Intermediates to Enantiomerically Pure Amino Diols. X‐Ray Molecular Structure of (4S,5R,4′S)‐1‐(4′‐Iodomethyl‐4′‐methyl‐4′,5′‐ dihydro‐1′,3′‐oxazol‐2′‐yl)‐3,4‐dimethyl‐5‐phenylimidazolidin‐2‐one and (4S,5R,4′S,1′′S)‐1‐(4′‐(1′′‐Iodobutyl)‐4′,5′‐dihydro‐1′,3′‐oxazol‐ 2′‐yl)‐3,4‐dimethyl‐5‐phenylimidazolidin‐2‐one. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The ubiquitin proteasome system as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. (2015)

Impairment of "protein quality control" in neurons is associated with etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The worn-out products of cell metabolism should be safely eliminated via the proteasome, autophago-lysosome and exocytosis. Insufficient activity of these degradation mechanisms within neurons leads to the accumulation of toxic protein oligomers, which represent a starting material for development of neurodegenerative proteinopathy. The spectrum of CNS linked proteinopathies is particularly broad and includes Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Lewy body dementia, Pick disease, Frontotemporal dementia, Huntington disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and many others. Although the primary events in etiopathogenesis of sporadic forms of these diseases are still unknown, it is clear that aging, in connection with decreased activity of ubiquitin proteasome system, is the most significant risk factor. In this review we discuss the pathogenic role and intracellular fate of the candidate molecules associated with onset and progression of AD and PD, the protein tau and α-synuclein in context with the function of ubiquitin proteasome system. We also discuss the possibility whether or not the strategies focused to re-establishment of neuroproteostasis via accelerated clearance of damaged proteins in proteasome could be a promising therapeutic approach for treatment of major neurodegenerative diseases.
Reflectivity measurements of deeply etched DBR gratings in InP-based double heterostructures (2007)

A three-level masking process has been developed for etching DBR gratings in InP/InGaAsP double hetero-structures. The masking consists of a ZEP/Cr/SiOx layer\nstack. The ZEP layer is used to open the Cr which is a good mask for etching anisotropically the SiOx layer. The InP-based double heterostructure is etched in an ICP process using Cl2:Ar:H2. With this process deep etched waveguides are simultaneously etched with the DBR gratings with various numbers of periods (1 to 5). 2 µm wide waveguides show a loss of 3 dB/cm and the reflectivity of a 2 period DBR grating was found to be 80%.
An Air Stable Carbene and Mixed Carbene “Dimers” (1997)

The air-stable crystalline carbene 1,3-dimesityl-4,5-dichloroimidazol-2-ylidene (2) is produced from the chlorination of 1,3-dimesityimidazol-2-ylidene (1) by 2 equiv of carbon tetrachloride. The physical and spectroscopic properties of the carbene are reported. The features which contribute to the exceptional stability of the carbene are discussed. Further reaction of 2 with carbon tetrachloride leads to reduction of CCl4 to dichlorocarbene. The formation of the mixed carbene “dimers” (olefins) from in situ generated dichlorocarbene and various imidazol(in)-2-ylidenes is also reported. The tellurones derived from 1 and 2 are synthesized and compared.
Amine Oxides. V. Olefins from N,N-Dimethylmenthylamine and N,N-Dimethylneomenthylamine Oxides<sup>1,2</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmine Oxides. V. Olefins from N,N-Dimethylmenthylamine and N,N-Dimethylneomenthylamine Oxides1,2Arthur C. Cope and Edward M. ActonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 2, 355–359Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01535a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01535a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views315Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts