gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The fit of crowns produced using digital impression systems. (2014)

Compare the marginal and internal fit of crowns manufactured using four different digital impression systems with crowns manufactured using conventional impression technique, that served as a control group. Fifty all-ceramic crowns were fabricated using 50 standardized dies divided into five groups, each group representing one impression system. Each crown was cemented onto its respective model and sectioned into four segments.The marginal and internal fit were measured at 8 predefined points. A total of 1567 measurements were made, statistically analyzed and compared with crowns fabricated using the five systems. The following was found: (1) No significant difference was found with regard to mar ginal gap when comparing the control group to any of the digital systems. (2) Lava™ had smaller marginal gaps than CEREC® and iTero®, (3) CEREC and Lava had smaller gaps in the chamfer compared to iTero and the control, (4) E4D® showed smaller gaps than CEREC at measuring points 4-8 and CEREC a smaller gap at point 2, (5) Lava showed smaller gaps than CEREC at measuring points 1,3 and 5-8. (6) Lava had smaller gaps than iTero at measuring points 1-4,7 and 8. All differences presented were significant. In conclusions, crowns manufactured using digital impressions present a marginal and internal fit equal to, or better than, crowns made using a conventional impression method.The marginal and internal fit of reconstructions made using digital impression techniques could improve with a lower initial setting of the spacer.
Thermal expansion of beta-eucryptite filled bismaleimide and glass/bismaleimide composites (1990)

The use of a negative coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mineral filler ({beta}-eucryptite) is examined as a means of reducing CTE of a bismaleimide polymer (Kerimid 601). Results show that {beta}-eucryptite is effective in lowering CTE of the polymer and of glass fabric composites with a filled matrix phase. A theoretical model is presented that effectively predicts CTE of the filled BMI but underestimates the observed results by approximately 15%. The lower predicted CTE is believed to be due to poor interfacial adhesion at the {beta}-eucryptite/bismaleimide interface. Poor interfacial adhesion is supported by ultimate tensile strength results. 27 refs., 7 figs., 3 tabs.
The Protein and Non-Protein Nitrogen Fractions in Milk. II. Their Content in Fresh Raw Milk (1951)

Using the methods described in a previous paper (10), t]ie protein and nonprotein nitrogen fractions were studied in fresh raw milk from individual cows and from a pooled milk supply.
Robust subspace estimation in non-Gaussian noise (2002)

Subspace methods are common in array processing, but standard schemes typically perform poorly when the noise is non-Gaussian and/or impulsive. Zero-memory nonlinear (ZMNL) functions may be applied to limit the influence of impulsive noise, but ZMNL pre-processing generally destroys the low-rank signal subspace. We develop a robust covariance matrix estimate that suppresses impulsive noise while also performing a model-based interpolation to restore the signal subspace. The approach is based on modeling the noise with a finite Gaussian mixture distribution, and an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is used for parameter estimation. The method is robust to noise model mismatch and works well with infinite-variance noise. Simulation results are included that illustrate the improved performance in detecting the number of sources and estimating the angles of arrival.
Study of Ablation Threshold of Ionic Crystals for Capillary-discharge XUV Laser Radiation (2011)

Ionic crystals are promising materials for testing XUV source in PLD (pulsed laser deposition) arrangement. In this investigation of LiF we use an incidence angle of 20° to study characteristics of ablation and laser-matter interaction under conditions similar as in the PLD arrangement. Single-shot ablation threshold was determined. Also CaF2 was irradiated by XUV radiation and ablation threshold relative to LiF was determined. Irradiated samples have been investigated by Nomarski (DIC—Differential Interference Contrast) microscopy and optical profiler (WLI—white light interferometry).
Design and Evaluation of an Open-source Gaze-controlled GUI for Web-browsing (2019)

Nowadays, motor-impaired people with Locked-In Syndrome (LIS) use eye-tracking technology to write and to access the web through commands generated by the detection of gaze movements and fixations on a graphical user interface (GUI). However, novel GUI concepts must be designed to further ease the control offered by eye-tracking, making it more responsive and less tiresome. This paper presents and evaluates an open-source standalone GUI design, SightWeb, that fully and easily controls a web browser through gaze movements without any page analysis. Its temporary menu centered in the area of action allows for reduced eye saccade and mental workload. SightWeb was evaluated against a state-of-the-art eye tracking based web interface (The Grid 3 by Thinksmartbox). The results (gaze movements, execution times, user experience questionnaire scores) suggest that SightWeb is quicker to learn and to use, more appreciated and less tiring than a traditional assistive GUI. This shows that the system can be, not only an improved interface for patients, but also an instrumental piece of software for researchers working in related areas.
ANALGESIC ACTION OF INTRACEREBRAL INJECTION OF ADRENALINE IN RELATION TO THAT OF MORPHINE (1965)

In mice, the analgesic action was determined by means of the mnibition of the writhing, induced by intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 ml of 0.05% antimony potassium tartrate(the intraperitoneal method) and also by the hot-plate method. No relationship was found to exist between the hyperglycemia and analgesia produced by subcutaneous injections of morphine. This supports the suggestion that the analgesic action of morphine is not related to peripheral adrenaline release. The analgesic ED_(50) of intracerebral injection of adrenaline was 0. 8γ/0.05 ml by the intraperitoneal method, corresponding to about 1/75 of its effective subcutaneous dose. This suggests that the site of action of adrenaline in producing analgesia may be mainly situated in the brain centers. Following intracerebral administration of a minimal effective dose of adrenaline, a marked decrease of the analgesic ED_(50) of subcutaneous injection of morphine was noticed. In miee tolerant to morphine, the analgesic ED_(50) of intracerebral injection of adrenaline was greater than that in the non-tolerant mice. Such synergism and crosstolerance would suggest that the analgesic action of morphine might be related to that of adrenaline.
Estimation of the Molecular Junction Temperatures in Four-Ball Contacts by Chemical Reaction Rate Studies (1978)

A super-refined paraffinic mineral oil has been used to study the chemical reactions under boundary conditions in a four-ball wear tester. By quantatively analyzing the wear debris generated, chemical reaction rate data used to correlate between dynamic wear tests and static, externally controlled temperature runs. The reaction temperature at the wear junction has been estimated to be 351°C for 40kg load, 600 rpm, 75°C bulk oil temperature. This temperature is higher than the Blok-Archard flash temperatures calculated under the same conditions.
On the effective number of tracked trajectories in amblyopic human vision (2008)

We estimated the effective number of trajectories that amblyopic observers could track with their amblyopic eyes and their non-amblyopic eyes using stimuli and methods described in S. P. Tripathy, S. Narasimhan, and B. T. Barrett (2007). The stimuli consisted of dots moving along straight-line trajectories. In Experiment 1, one of the T trajectories (the target) deviated clockwise or counterclockwise by +/-19 degrees , +/-38 degrees , or +/-76 degrees , halfway through the trajectory. In Experiment 2, D of the T trajectories deviated, all in the same direction and with the same magnitude of direction change. In both experiments, we varied T and the angle of deviation. In Experiment 2, we also varied D. Amblyopic observers reported the direction of deviation of the target trajectories and, for each eye, the effective number of tracked trajectories was estimated. This number increased systematically with increasing magnitude of deviation of the targets. On average, the effective numbers of tracked trajectories were approximately 15% smaller for the amblyopic eyes for each of the three magnitudes of deviation. A comparison with data previously published for normal eyes failed to reveal any deficit in the effective number of trajectories tracked by the non-amblyopic eyes of amblyopic observers for the current task.
Finite Element Aided Design Evolution of Composite Leaf Spring (2006)

This paper shows the process of the virtual production development of the mechanical connection between the top leaf of a dual composite leaf spring system to a shackle using finite element methods. The commercial FEA package MSC/MARC has been used for the analysis. In the original design the joint was based on a closed eye-end. Full scale testing results showed that this configuration achieved the vertical proof load of 150 kN and 1 million cycles of fatigue load. However, a problem with delamination occurred at the interface between the fibres going around the eye and the main leaf body. To overcome this problem, a second design was tried using transverse bandages of woven glass fibre reinforced tape to wrap the section that is prone to delaminate. In this case, the maximum interlaminar shear stress was reduced by a certain amount but it was still higher than the material’s shear strength. Based on the fact that, even with delamination, the top leaf spring still sustained the maximum static and fatigue loads required, the third design was proposed with an open eye-end, eliminating altogether the interface where the maximum shear stress occurs. The maximum shear stress predicted by FEA is reduced significantly and a safety factor of around 2 has been obtained. Thus, a successful and safe design has been achieved.
Aluminium β-Cyclodextrin Sulphate as a Stabilizer and Sustained-release Carrier for Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (1994)

The water-insoluble aluminium salt of beta-cyclodextrin sulphate (Al.beta-CyD-Sul) was used as a stabilizer and sustained-release carrier for recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). An adsorbate of bFGF with Al.beta-CyD-Sul was prepared by incubating the protein with a suspension of Al.beta-CyD-Sul in water. The mitogenic activity of bFGF released from the adsorbate, as indicated by the proliferation of kidney cells of baby hamster (BHK-21), was almost comparable with that of the intact bFGF. Al.beta-CyD-Sul significantly protected bFGF from proteolytic degradation by pepsin and alpha-chymotrypsin, compared with the water-soluble sodium salt. The in-vitro release of bFGF from the adsorbate was sustained in proportion to a rise in the ratio of Al.beta-CyD-Sul to the protein in the adsorbate. Of the bFGF preparations evaluated, the adsorbate of bFGF with Al.beta-CyD-Sul, when given subcutaneously to the rat, showed the most prominent increase in the formation of granulation tissues, due to the stabilization and slow-release of the mitogen. The limited data presented here suggest that the adsorbate of bFGF with Al.beta-CyD-Sul has a potent therapeutic efficacy for wound healing, and may be applicable to oral protein formulations for the treatment of intestinal mucosal erosions.
La Europa asocial: ¿caminos hacia un individualismo posesivo? (2013)

La Europa asocial: ?caminos hacia un individualismo posesivo? Luis Moreno 2012. Barcelona. Editorial Peninsula
Local ML detection for multicarrier DS-CDMA downlink systems with grouped linear precoding (2006)

Abstract-A multicarrier direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (MC-DS-CDMA) downlink system with linear precoding over a group of subcarriers is considered. This scheme preserves user orthogonality independently of the underlying frequency-selective channel, collects the channel diversity and enables low-complexity decoding. In this context, we examine a local maximum-likelihood (LML) detection technique that searches for the maximum-likelihood (ML) solution in the neighborhood of the output provided by the minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) detector. By exploiting the soft information of the MMSE detector output and the precoder structure, we introduce useful criteria to reduce the computational complexity of the LML search. Simulations illustrate that the LML-MMSE detector with minimum neighborhood size yields considerable BER improvement with respect to MMSE, and outperforms a block decision-feedback equalization (DFE) approach at comparable complexity.
Study of the Impact of Soft Faults on Multiconductor Transmission Lines (2011)

As electronic devices are almost everywhere and more and more complex, the reliability of wiring networks becomes a crucial need. Although wiring diagnostic tools such as re∞ectometry work well for hard defects (short-open circuit), the interest is now on detecting soft faults. However in order to develop e-cient diagnostic methods, a better understanding of their efiects on multiconductor transmission lines (MTL) is needed. This is the purpose of this article.
An Approach to the Retrieval of Thoracic Organs for Transplantation (1996)

A critical, worldwide shortage of thoracic organs exists. The donor management program at Papworth Hospital, National Health Service Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom, allows satisfactory transplantation of thoracic organs that initially appear unsuitable. The perioperative organ retrieval team members assess the cardiovascular status of all potential donors and manage suboptimal hemodynamics with hormonal replacement therapy consisting of triiodothyronine, antidiuretic hormone, epinephrine, and insulin. These donors' cardiovascular and pulmonary functions must be within acceptable limits at the time of organ excision. Our standardized approach facilitates objective decision making regarding the appropriate use of donor organs and has increased the number of available donor organs at Papworth Hospital by 30%. Morbidity and mortality rates in thoracic organ recipients have not increased since the authors developed the standardized approach, and more patients have benefited from thoracic organ transplantation.
Characteristics of deep-well 4.8-μm emitting quantum-cascade lasers grown by MOCVD (2009)

In this work we present the characteristics of a novel type of quantum-cascade (QC) laser: the deep-well (DW) QC device, which, unlike conventional QC lasers, contains a superlattice of quantum wells and barriers of different composition, respectively. The fabrication of DW-QC devices is made possible by the use of metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), a crystal growth technique which allows one to easily vary the composition of wells and barriers within QC structures, thus providing significantly increased flexibility in optimizing the device design. We have designed such varying-composition QC structures to have deep quantum wells in and tall barriers in and around the active region. DW- QC laser structures have fabricated into 19 μm-wide ridges and 3 mm-long chips. Threshold-current densities as low as 1.5 kA/cm<sup>2</sup> are obtained at room temperature in the 4.6-4.8 μm wavelength region. In conventional QC lasers emitting in the 4.5-5.5μm range there is substantial thermionic carrier leakage from the upper laser level to the continuum, as evidenced by a significant decrease in the slope efficiency above 250 K, which is understandable given the relatively small (i.e., ~ 200 meV) energy differential, δE, between the upper lasing level and the top of the exit barrier. For the DW design carrier leakage is suppressed due to deep active wells and tall barriers, such that δE reaches values in excess of 400 meV. Preliminary results include a threshold-current characteristic temperature, T<sub>0</sub>, value of 218 K over the temperature range: 250- 340 K.
Focus on Iron-Based Superconductors (2009)

Superconductivity is the most dramatic and clear cut phenomenon in condensed matter physics. Realization of room temperature superconductors, which would lead to the revolution of our society, is an ultimate goal for researchers. The discovery of high Tc cuprate superconductors in 1986 by Bednorz and Müller triggered intensive research worldwide and the maximum critical temperature has been raised above 100 K. Scientific research on this break-through material clarified a new route to high Tc materials, carrier doping to a Mott insulator with anti-ferromagnetic ordering. High superconductivity occurs in the neighborhood of Mott-insulators and Fermi-metals. Such a view, which was completely new, now stands as a guiding principle for exploring new high Tc materials. Many theoretical approaches to the mechanism for cuprate superconductors have been carried out to understand this unexpected material and to predict new high Tc materials.
Structure-activity relationship of carbacephalosporins and cephalosporins: antibacterial activity and interaction with the intestinal proton-dependent dipeptide transport carrier of Caco-2 cells (1997)

An intestinal proton-dependent peptide transporter located on the lumenal surface of the enterocyte is responsible for the uptake of many orally absorbed beta-lactam antibiotics. Both cephalexin and loracarbef are transported by this mechanism into the human intestinal Caco-2 cell line. Forty-seven analogs of the carbacephalosporin loracarbef and the cephalosporin cephalexin were prepared to evaluate the structural features necessary for uptake by this transport carrier. Compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities and for their ability to inhibit 1 mM cephalexin uptake and, subsequently, uptake into Caco-2 cells. Three clinically evaluated orally absorbed carbacephems were taken up by Caco-2 cells, consistent with their excellent bioavailability in humans. Although the carrier preferred the L stereoisomer, these compounds lacked antibacterial activity and were hydrolyzed intracellularly in Caco-2 cells. Compounds modified at the 3 position of cephalexin and loracarbef with a cyclopropyl or a trifluoromethyl group inhibited cephalexin uptake. Analogs with lipophilic groups on the primary amine of the side chain inhibited cephalexin uptake, retained activity against gram-positive bacteria but lost activity against gram-negative bacteria. Substitution of the phenylglycl side chain with phenylacetyl side chains gave similar results. Compounds which lacked an aromatic ring in the side chain inhibited cephalexin uptake but lost all antibacterial activity. Thus, the phenylglycl side chain is not absolutely required for uptake. Different structural features are required for antibacterial activity and for being a substrate of the transporter. Competition studies with cephalexin indicate that human intestinal Caco-2 cells may be a useful model system for initially guiding structure-activity relationships for the rational design of new oral agents.
StemBells: Localized stem cell delivery using targeted microbubbles and acoustic radiation force (2014)

The use of stem cells for regenerative tissue repair is hampered by the low number of cells delivered to the site of injury. To increase the delivery, we developed a new technique in which stem cells are coated with functionalized microbubbles, creating echogenic complexes dubbed StemBells. StemBells are highly susceptible to acoustic radiation force; this acoustic force can then be used after injection to deliver the StemBells locally at the treatment site. The dynamics of StemBells during ultrasound insonification was characterized using high-speed optical imaging and is described in an accompanying paper. Here, we investigate the feasibility of manipulating StemBells acoustically after injection employing a chicken embryo model, allowing for the real-time optical observation of the effects of acoustic radiation force in vivo. StemBells were infused by placing a custom-made catheter into one of the vitelline veins. Acoustic radiation force (1 MHz, P = 200–450 kPa, 10% duty cycle) was observed to propel StemBells from the centerline of the microvessels (200–500 μm) to the wall distal from the transducer. Peak translational velocities increased with pressure and varied between 50 μm/s to 300 μm/s. The acoustic radiation force had no effect on the trajectory of bare stem cells.
Emission factors and chemical characterisation of fine particulate emissions from modern and old residential biomass heating systems determined for typical load cycles (2012)

Abstract It is already well known that there are significant differences regarding the emissions, especially particulate matter (PM) emissions, of old and modern as well as automatically and not automatically controlled biomass based residential heating systems. This concerns their magnitude as well as their chemical composition. In order to investigate emission factors for particulate emissions and the chemical compositions of the PM emissions over typical whole day operation cycles, a project on the determination and characterisation of PM emissions from the most relevant small-scale biomass combustion systems was performed at the BIOENERGY 2020+ GmbH, Graz, Austria, in cooperation with the Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology. The project was based on test stand measurements, during which relevant operation parameters (gaseous emissions, boiler load, flue gas temperature, combustion chamber temperature etc.) as well as PM emissions have been measured and PM samples have been taken and forwarded to chemical analyses. Firstly, typical whole day operation cycles for residential biomass combustion systems were specified for the test runs. Thereby automatically fed and automatically controlled boilers, manually fed and automatically controlled boilers as well as manually fed stoves were distinguished. The results show a clear correlation between the gaseous emissions (CO and OGC) and the PM 1 emissions. It is indicated that modern biomass combustion systems emit significantly less gaseous and PM emissions than older technologies (up to a factor of 100). Moreover, automatically fed systems emit much less gaseous and PM emissions than manually fed batch-combustion systems. PM emissions from modern and automatically controlled systems mainly consist of alkaline metal salts, while organic aerosols and soot dominate the composition of aerosols from old and not automatically controlled systems. As an important result comprehensive data concerning gaseous and PM emissions of different old and modern biomass combustion systems over whole day operation cycles are now available. Derived from these data, correlations between burnout quality, particulate emissions as well as particle composition of the PM emissions can be deduced.
La Normandie Ducale à travers l'œuvre de Wace (1952)

Louis René, Boüard Michel de. La Normandie Ducale à travers l'œuvre de Wace. In: Supplément aux Annales de Normandie. 2ᵉ année, n°3, 1952. La Normandie Ducale à travers l'œuvre de Wace, V. pp. 33-39.
Reply to Letter (2013)

Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA [email protected] Disclosure: None of the authors has any conflict of interest or source of funding relevant to this article to declare.
Penetration and Aspiration in Healthy Older Adults as Assessed during Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (2009)

Endoscopic data on normal swallowing physiology were generated. These may serve as an accurate benchmark for clinicians and researchers in the interpretation of dysphagia.