gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Floral asymmetry involves an interplay between TCP and MYB transcription factors in <i>Antirrhinum</i> (2005)

To understand how genes control floral asymmetry, we have isolated and analyzed the role of the RADIALIS (RAD) gene in Antirrhinum. We show that the RAD gene encodes a small MYB-like protein that is specifically expressed in the dorsal region of developing flowers. RAD has a single MYB-like domain that is closely related to one of the two MYB-like domains of DIV, a protein that has an antagonistic effect to RAD on floral development. Interactions between RAD and other genes indicate that floral asymmetry depends on the interplay between two pairs of transcription factors. First, a pair of TCP proteins is expressed in dorsal regions of the floral meristem, leading to the activation of RAD in the dorsal domain. The RAD MYB-like protein then antagonizes the related DIV MYB-like protein, preventing DIV activity in dorsal regions. In addition to its role in dorsal regions, RAD acts nonautonomously on lateral regions either directly, through RAD protein movement, or indirectly, through a signaling molecule.
The Design of Complex, Circular, Safety-Rupture Diaphragms (1974)

Equations are developed which predict the maximum hydrostatic pressures and the corresponding bulge heights of circular safety diaphragms comprising two thin disks of dissimilar materials. Diagrams which are based on the equations facilitate the selection of materials, and dimensions and general design.
Enhanced Superconductivity in Quasi Two-Dimensional Systems (1986)

We show that the tendency for superconductivity of a weakly coupled 2D electron system can be significantly enhanced if the Fermi energy is close to a logarithmic Van Hove singularity in the density of states. Using results from perturbation theory, supported by quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we calculate ${T}_{c}$ and explore the effects of the quasiparticle lifetime and higher-order interactions on this enhancement. This mechanism suggests possible new directions in the search for 2D excitonic superconductivity.
Confirmation of the metastability of HF (v=1) in helium nanodroplets (2004)

Infrared laser spectroscopy is reported for HF in helium nanodroplets. The purpose of the present study is to resolve a discrepancy in the literature, namely, between the previous optothermal study, which indicates the HF does not vibrationally relax in the droplets, with an earlier mass spectrometer experiment which showed laser induced depletion. The resolution of this issue is that the depletion signal arises from the pickup of another molecule after an infrared photon has been absorbed by the HF monomer. In the case of pickup of an N2 molecule, the formation of the N2-HF (v=1) complex then facilitates vibrational relaxation, causing the laser induced depletion. Simulations of this effect provide quantitative agreement with the observed behavior.
Hyperfine interaction in a quantum dot: Non-Markovian electron spin dynamics (2004)

We have performed a systematic calculation for the non-Markovian dynamics of a localized electron spin interacting with an environment of nuclear spins via the Fermi contact hyperfine interaction. This work applies to an electron in the $s$-type orbital ground state of a quantum dot or bound to a donor impurity, and is valid for arbitrary polarization $p$ of the nuclear spin system, and arbitrary nuclear spin $I$ in high magnetic fields. In the limit of $p=1$ and $I=\frac{1}{2}$, the Born approximation of our perturbative theory recovers the exact electron spin dynamics. We have found the form of the generalized master equation (GME) for the longitudinal and transverse components of the electron spin to all orders in the electron spin-nuclear spin flip-flop terms. Our perturbative expansion is regular, unlike standard time-dependent perturbation theory, and can be carried out to higher orders. We show this explicitly with a fourth-order calculation of the longitudinal spin dynamics. In zero magnetic field, the fraction of the electron spin that decays is bounded by the smallness parameter $\ensuremath{\delta}=1∕{p}^{2}N$, where $N$ is the number of nuclear spins within the extent of the electron wave function. However, the form of the decay can only be determined in a high magnetic field, much larger than the maximum Overhauser field. In general the electron spin shows rich dynamics, described by a sum of contributions with nonexponential decay, exponential decay, and undamped oscillations. There is an abrupt crossover in the electron spin asymptotics at a critical dimensionality and shape of the electron envelope wave function. We propose a scheme that could be used to measure the non-Markovian dynamics using a standard spin-echo technique, even when the fraction that undergoes non-Markovian dynamics is small.
Image enhancement using optical symbolic substitution (1991)

Rotation-invariant image sharpening schemes based on Roberts operators, difference operators, Laplacian, and high-frequency emphasis are realized using optical symbolic substitution. Symbolic systems based on both optical content-addressable memory and phase-only holograms are considered for these image enhancement schemes.
LUCE inner optics for OICETS (1998)

Laser Utilizing Communications Equipment (LUCE) installed on the Optical Inter-orbit Communications Engineering Test Satellite (OICETS) is now under development by NASDA. This paper describes the function of LUCE Inner optics', a part of LUCE Optical system, and the performance of some main units installed in LUCE Inner optics. And also the status of LUCE Engineering Model (EM) is presented.
Differentially Expressed Genes in Blood from Young Pigs between Two Swine Lines Divergently Selected for Feed Efficiency: Potential Biomarkers for Improving Feed Efficiency (2015)

The goal of this study was to find potential gene expression biomarkers in blood of piglets that can be used to predict pigs’ future feed efficiency. Using RNA-seq technology, we found 453 genes were differentially expressed (false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05) in the blood of two Yorkshire lines of pigs divergently selected for feed efficiency (FE) based on residual feed intake (RFI). Genes involved in several biosynthetic processes were overrepresented among genes more highly expressed in the low RFI line compared to the high RFI line. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) also revealed genes involved in some of these biosynthesis processes and having similar patterns of expression formed clusters. The average expression in the clusters was highly associated with lines (p < 3.9E-07, R2 > 0.59). Current findings implied these biosynthesis pathways might be more active in the high RFI line. After further stringent validation, some of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) will be selected for validation as biomarkers for feed efficiency.
Diode laser-induced fluorescence velocimetry of clustered hall thruster plumes (2006)

Summary form only given. We present laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements of singly-ionized xenon (5d 2F7/2) in the plume of a cluster of four 600-Watt (BHT-600) Hall thrusters. Two 834.7 nm beams from a TUI Optics TA-100/830 tapered-amplifier diode laser are focused on orthogonal optical axes onto a submillimeter interrogation volume, from which we collect LIF at 541.9 nm. Since high ion velocities produce large Doppler shifts (50 GHz), we use repeatable frequency markings from a 2-GHz confocal etalon to patch together extended scans from several mode-hop-free segments (each 10-GHz). Isotopic shifts and lower-state (5d 2F7/2) nuclear-spin constants estimated from optogalvanic spectra permit Fourier-transform deconvolution of ion velocity estimates from LIF spectra along the axial and radial beam directions. Transformation of deconvolved velocity distributions to energy space permits comparison of far-field LIF to two-dimensional energy distributions measured with a top-hat electrostatic analyzer (TOPAZ)
Coccidioides, Cryptococcus, or Blastomyces? A Diagnostic Dilemma Encountered during Frozen Section Evaluation (2011)

Intraoperative consultation via frozen section is an important part of modern day surgical pathology. Recognizing fungi in tissues on frozen and permanent sections is not always a simple task, and correctly identifying the agent can be a significant challenge, even for experienced microscopists. We present a case of a 17-year-old boy with chronic osteomyelitis involving the right proximal ulna. During an irrigation and debridement operation, a frozen section was sent to surgical pathology for evaluation. A limited patient history coupled with sparse organisms present in the frozen section led to the diagnosis of fungal osteomyelitis, favor Coccidioides . Follow-up permanent sections with special staining and successful fungal culture clarified the causal agent to be Blastomyces dermatitidis . The role of frozen sections is not to perfectly speciate the fungal pathogen but to describe the morphology and infectious process and provide a differential diagnosis of the candidate fungi. The importance of intraoperative culture in infectious cases cannot be understated, and it is the responsibility of pathologists to inform surgeons that tissue is needed for culture. A brief overview of Blastomyces , including histopathologic features and key microscopic differences from Coccidioides and Cryptococcus , is discussed.
Autonomous depth adjustment for underwater sensor networks (2010)

To fully understand the ocean environment requires sensing the full water column. Utilizing a depth adjustment system on an underwater sensor network provides this while also improving global sensing and communications. This paper presents a depth adjustment system for waters of up to 50m deep that connects to the AquaNode sensor network. We performed experiments characterizing the system and demonstrating its functionality. We discuss the application of this device in improving acoustic communication.
Band-specific localization of the microsatellite at D13S71 by microdissection and enzymatic amplification. (1992)

Microsatellite DNA consists of tandemly repeated simple DNA sequence motifs, the number of these repeats being polymorphic. These recently described polymorphisms are ubiquitously distributed throughout the human genome and are highly informative, making them ideal markers for linkage analysis. Physical localization of these microsatellites is an important prerequisite for aligning physical and genetic maps. We have physically mapped the microsatellite at D13S71, which has previously been assigned to chromosome 13. Band-specific mapping of D13S71 to the distal part of band 13q32, near 13q33, was achieved by microdissection of GTG-banded chromosomes and subsequent enzymatic amplification with a heminested PCR approach. Analysis of a panel of somatic cell hybrids confirmed this localization. The technique presented may also be useful in a variety of complex mapping situations and whenever the precise localization of very small (as small as 70 bp) DNA probes is necessary.
Down-regulation of interleukin 6 receptor alpha chain in interleukin 6 transduced melanoma cells causes selective resistance to interleukin 6 but not to oncostatin M. (1995)

The cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) and oncostatin M are able to inhibit the growth of cell lines obtained from early but not advanced melanomas. Resistant cell lines have frequently been found to produce IL-6. Acquisition of IL-6 resistance and the relationship between resistance and endogenous IL-6 production are poorly defined phenomena. We have characterized a panel of melanoma cell lines for susceptibility to IL-6 and oncostatin M and have generated lines that acquired resistance to IL-6 by IL-6 cDNA transduction. These lines retained the previous oncostatin M sensitivity, suggesting that the alpha chain of IL-6 receptor (IL-6R alpha) is involved in the acquisition of resistance. In fact transduced cells lost the ability to bind 125I-IL-6 and to release soluble IL-6R alpha in culture. Moreover, addition of soluble recombinant IL-6R alpha were able to restore IL-6 sensitivity in association with IL-6 production. On the contrary, naturally IL-6 resistant melanoma cell lines were not inhibited by treatment with recombinant soluble IL-6R alpha in association with endogenously produced or recombinant IL-6. These results demonstrate that down-regulation of IL-6 receptor is only one of different mechanisms that are responsible of IL-6 resistance in melanoma cells.
Influenza Circulation in United States Army Training Camps Before and During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Clues to Early Detection of Pandemic Viral Emergence (2015)

Background. Surveillance for respiratory diseases in domestic National Army and National Guard training camps began after the United States' entry into World War I, 17 months before the "Spanish influenza" pandemic appeared. Methods. Morbidity, mortality, and case-fatality data from 605 625 admissions and 18 258 deaths recorded for 7 diagnostic categories of respiratory diseases, including influenza and pneumonia, were examined over prepandemic and pandemic periods. Results. High pandemic influenza mortality was primarily due to increased incidence of, but not increased severity of, secondary bacterial pneumonias. Conclusions. Two prepandemic incidence peaks of probable influenza, in December 1917-January 1918 and in March-April 1918, differed markedly from the September-October 1918 pandemic onset peak in their clinical-epidemiologic features, and they may have been caused by seasonal or endemic viruses. Nevertheless, rising proportions of very low incidence postinfluenza bronchopneumonia (diagnosed at the time as influenza and bronchopneumonia) in early 1918 could have reflected circulation of the pandemic virus 5 months before it emerged in pandemic form. In this study, we discuss the possibility of detecting pandemic viruses before they emerge, by surveillance of special populations.
Automatic Measurement of Phase Retardation for Radome Analysis (1956)

A microwave interferometer has been developed for measuring the phase retardation of a wave passing through a radome wall. The instrument is used to analyze radomes which are subsequently corrected so that the phase retardations are of the desired values everywhere. High accuracy is required in the measurements. Automatic balancing of the interferometer is employed so that continuous measurements can be made.
Cochlear Implants (2006)

Abstract Cochlear implants (CIs) are electronic systems that provide a partial replacement of the sense of hearing to people who have hearing impairment that cannot be alleviated adequately by means of conventional acoustic aids. In most cases of hearing loss, conventional aids that function principally as sound amplifiers are satisfactory. However, if the loss of hearing sensitivity in both ears is severe or profound, particularly across a wide range of frequencies, then amplification with conventional hearing aids may be inadequate. CIs have been developed to bypass the dysfunctional parts of the auditory system. They create hearing sensations by delivering electric stimuli directly to the auditory nerve via one or more electrodes located inside the cochlea (or inner ear). Recipients of CIs wear a device similar in appearance to an acoustic hearing aid on the external ear. This device contains a microphone, a signal processor, and a battery. In most existing CI systems, the external device transmits digitally encoded signals to an implanted receiver‐stimulator via a pair of inductively coupled coils. The implanted device decodes these signals and generates precisely controlled pulses of current that are delivered to the electrodes to stimulate the auditory neurons. The patterns of current pulses are designed to represent selected components of the sound signal received by the microphone. Over the past 30 years, a considerable research effort has led to the development of various algorithms that convert sound signals into electric stimuli for CIs. The most successful of these schemes enable numerous CI users to understand speech and recognize many other types of sound by hearing alone, at least in favorable listening conditions. By the end of 2005, over 70,000 adults and children around the world were recipients of CI systems.
Pseudoachalasia as a result of metastatic cervical cancer. (2001)

Pseudoachalasia has been known to occur in response to both benign and malignant causes. Differentiating between pseudoachalasia and achalasia is often difficult because of the similarities. As in this case, the diagnosis of pseudoachalasia may be made by surgical exploration.
Analysis of systems switched with alternating polarity (1974)

An original approach for the analysis of switching-control circuits is described. A new transformation method is introduced to simplify the calculations. This method is especially suitable for switching that is not synchronised with the frequency of the mains supply. Practical uses of such circuits are described in a companion paper.
Intracapsular fracture of the proximal femur after hip resurfacing treated by cannulated screws (2009)

Fracture of the neck of the femur after resurfacing arthroplasty usually leads to failure and conversion to a total hip replacement. We describe an intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck sustained after hip resurfacing which was treated by cannulated screws, resulting in union and retention of the resurfacing implant. The result at follow-up three years later was very satisfactory with a Harris hip score of 99.
Molecular Mapping of Sorghum Genes Expressing Tolerance to Damage by Greenbug (Homoptera: Aphididae) (2005)

Genetic linkage maps are fundamental for the localization of genes conferring tolerance to greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), feeding damage in sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Thirteen linkage groups (LGs) containing 60 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were mapped by using a set of sorghum recombinant inbred lines (RILs) obtained from the cross '96-4121' (greenbug-tolerant parent) × Redlan (greenbug-susceptible parent). The LG spanned a distance of 603.5 cM, with the number of loci per LG varying from 2 to 14. Seventeen additional SSR loci were unlinked at a log of odds value of 3.0. Based on chlorophyll loss occurring after greenbug feeding, visual damage ratings, and soil plant analysis development (SPAD), chlorophyll–loss indices were recorded for each RIL and for the parents used in the cross. Composite-interval mapping identified three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with biotype I and five QTLs associated with biotype K. The amount of phenotypic variation explained by these QTLs ranged from 9 to 19.6%. The identification of QTLs that influence greenbug tolerance will not only facilitate the use of marker-assisted selection in sorghum breeding programs but also will provide a solid foundation for detailed characterization of individual loci implicated in greenbug tolerance in sorghum.
Vulnérabilité fœtale et toxicité personnalisée (2013)

L’exposition a certains produits chimiques est un des mecanismes susceptibles d’alterer la reproduction humaine. Ces molecules sont souvent des perturbateurs endocriniens et peuvent agir sur le long terme de plusieurs manieres. Nous nous interessons ici aux mecanismes de toxicite differee qui consistent en une exposition limitee a une periode de vulnerabilite et des effets apparaissant des annees, voire des generations, plus tard. L’epigenetique peut expliquer, d’une part, ces effets differes et, d’autre part, la vulnerabilite perinatale. Des cartes epigenetiques seront sans doute relativement faciles a determiner dans l’avenir et pourraient constituer des biomarqueurs predictifs. Une meilleure connaissance des susceptibilites epigenetiques individuelles ouvre la voie a une toxicologie personnalisee qui n’est pas sans poser des questions d’ordre scientifique, ethique, politique, voire juridique.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation of Unfunctionalized Olefins Using Chiral (Salen)manganese(III) Complexes. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High Soil Moisture Effects on Pupation of Sugarbeet Root Maggot, Tetanops myopaeformi (Roder) (Diptera: Otitidae) (2000)

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Stereological Analysis of Anisotropic Structures Using Directional Statistics (1985)

SUMMARY Classical stereological methods are based on the assumption of isotropy, either of the structure under study or of the sectioning probe relative to the structure. Thus, with distribution-free stereology, anisotropic structures can be studied only via isotropic uniform random probes, which are often difficult to generate or inefficient in practice. Here we present a parametric approach to model the direction of a randomly chosen line or surface element, whereby length and surface densities can be estimated by probes at fixed and known directions. For the material studied, namely skeletal muscle capillaries, the Dimroth-Watson axial distribution provides a good fit. A maximum likelihood procedure for estimating simultaneously the concentration parameter of the Dimroth-Watson distribution and either the length or the surface density for the structure is described and illustrated with the capillary data. When a particular axial model is known to be satisfactory, a short-cut estimation method of practical value can be used.
Purines. VII. Hydration and methoxylation of alkynyl-9H-purines. (1988)

Coupling of 6- and 2-halo-9-phenyl-9H-purines (1, 2, and 5) with terminal acetylenes in dimethylformamide (DMF) was well catalyzed by bis(triphenylphosphino)palladium chloride [PdCl2(PPh3)2]to give the corresponding alkynyl-9-phenyl-9H-purines (3 and 4).Conversion of alkynyl-9-phenyl-9H-purines (3 and 4) into the corresponding purinylmethyl ketones (6 and 7) was achieved by treatment with an aqueous solution of mercuric sulfate and sulfuric acid (method A) or with piperidine and oxalic acid dihydrate (method B). On the other hand a trimethylsilylethynyl group on the 9H-purine ring was converted into an acetyl group by hydration using method A.Addition of sodium methoxide to 6-(trimethylsilylethynyl)-9-phenyl-9H-purine (3d) took place to give 6-(2, 2-dimethoxyethyl)-9-phenyl-9H-purine (10), while 2-(trimethylsilylethynyl)-9-phenyl-9H-purine (4c) reacted with sodium methoxide under the same conditions to give 2-(2-methoxyethenyl)-9-phenyl-9H-purine (11).
Field emission characteristics of diamond coated silicon field emitters (1995)

Single crystal silicon field emitters have been modified by surface deposition of diamond using bias-enhanced microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. Polycrystalline diamond with a high nucleation density (1010/cm2) and small grain size (&lt;20 nm) was achieved on silicon field emitters. Field emission from these diamond coated emitters exhibited significant enhancement both in total emission current and stability compared to pure silicon emitters. A large effective emitting area comparable to the tip surface area was obtained from a Fowler–Nordheim analysis. The effective work function of the polycrystalline diamond coated emitter surface was found to be larger than that of a pure silicon emitter surface.