gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Producing Home Grown Solutions (2011)

Mainstream international development discourse has long heralded the importance of home grown solutions and national ownership of development policies. Ownership has been seen as the missing link between the significant development aid inflows from the North and poverty reduction outcomes in the South. You only have to look to international agreements such the 2002 Monterrey Consensus or the2005 Paris Declaration for evidence of this.
Peroxisome biogenesis (1997)

Peroxisomes are eukaryotic organelles that are the subcellular location of important metabolic reactions. In humans, defects in the organelle's function are often lethal. Yet, relative to other organelles, little is known about how cells maintain and propagate peroxisomes or how they direct specific sets of newly synthesized proteins to these organelles (peroxisome biogenesis/assembly). In recent years, substantial progress has been made in elucidating aspects of peroxisome biogenesis and in identifying PEX genes whose products, peroxins, are essential for one or more of these processes. The most progress has been made in understanding the mechanism by which peroxisome matrix proteins are imported into the organelles. Signal sequences responsible for targeting proteins to the organelle have been defined. Potential signal receptor proteins, a receptor docking protein and other components of the import machinery have been identified, along with insights into how they operate. These studies indicate that multiple peroxisomal protein-import mechanisms exist and that these mechanisms are novel, not simply variations of those described for other organelles.
Leguminous Crops Efficiency for Different Levels of Mineral Food (2012)

By researches it is revealed that on the average for 2008-2011, including 2 years the extremely droughty, the most productive and economically justifiable for conditions of Samara Region were peas grades the Leader 9, the Farm laborer.
Viscoelastic properties of 1,2‐polybutadiene—comparison with natural rubber and other elastomers (1968)

Abstract Viscoelastic properties of uncrosslinked 1,2‐polybutadiene (91.5% vinyl, 7.0% cis , 1.5% trans , number‐average molecular weight 99,000) were studied by dynamic shear measurements between 0.15 and 600 cps (torsion pendulum and Fitzgerald transducer) and shear creep measurements over time periods up to 3.7 × 10 4 sec., in the temperature rang from 5 to 50°C. More limited dynamic measurements were made on a sample of unvulcanized natural rubber with number‐average molecular weight 350,000 at frequencies from 0.4 to 400 cps and temperatures from 13 to 48°C. All data were reduced to 25°C. by shift factors calculated from equations of the WLF form with the following coefficients: 1,2‐polybutadiene, c 1 = 6.23, c 2 = 72.5; natural rubber, c 1 = 5.94, c 2 = 151.6. In the transition zone, the relative positions of the loss tangent curves on the logarithmic frequency scale for these and other rubbers (1,4‐polybutadiene with 50% trans configuration; styrene–butadiene rubber with 23.5% styrene content; and polyisobutylene) provided relative measures of local segment mobility. At 25°C., these ranged over a factor of 3700 with 1,2‐polybutadiene and polyisobutylene the lowest and 1,4‐polybutadiene the highest. When the frequency scale of each rubber was reduced to a temperature 100°C. above its glass transition temperature, however, the loss tangent curves for all except polyisobutylene were nearly coincident; the latter still showed a lower mobility by a factor of about 1/800. The terminal relaxation time and steady‐state compliance for the 1,2‐polybutadiene calculated from the Rouse theory were larger than those observed experimentally. The level of compliance corresponding to the entanglement network of 1,2‐polybutadiene, J eN , was calculated by integration over the loss compliance, J ″, to be 1.62 × 10 −7 cm. 2 /dyne; integration over G ″ to obtain the corresponding modulus gave reasonable agreement. From such J eN , values, the average number of chain atoms between entanglement points, jZ e , was estimated as follows: 1,2‐polybutadiene, 132; natural rubber, 360; 1,4‐polybutadiene, 110; styrene–butadiene rubber, 186; polyisobutylene, 320. Values of jZ e were also estimated from the minimum in the loss tangent and compared with those reported from the molecular weight dependence of viscosity. The three sources were in generally good agreement.
The Mother of All Resilient Structures: Fixed-Base Tower in 3000-Foot Water and Some Outstanding Issues (1992)

This paper describes design and development work for 40- to 80-well fixed- base - yet compliant - towers for 2000- to 3000-foot water depths. Technical issues which are covered include: oceanographic criteria selection; dynamic response to random directional wave forces; the influence of platform architecture on its behavior and cost; constructability studies; optimization of member design to provide adequate flotation for installation; tubular connection design and fatigue. It will be shown that these inherently reliable structures provide a technically viable alternative for developing large scale oil and gas production in deep water. A number of outstanding issues for ongoing research are also mentioned: hydrostatic interaction, fracture control, hydrodynamics and damping, and wear.
A Risk Prediction Index for Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia at Screening Colonoscopy (2015)

A simple 5-item risk index based on readily available clinical data accurately stratifies average-risk patients into low- and intermediate/high-risk categories for ACN at screening colonoscopy. Uptake into clinical practice could facilitate more effective shared decision-making for CRC screening, particularly in situations where patient and provider test preferences differ.
Laser Pulse Heating (1999)

Recently, interest has developed in pulsed heating effects on a copper surface [1]. Pulsed heating is one of the limits on the gradient of a structure based linac. The heat generated by an intense rf pulse on the metal surface can result in hundreds of degrees of temperature rise at 1 GeV/m. After a certain number of cycles, the metal may crack due to thermal fatigue and the surface properties may deteriorate. In this article, we describe an experiment to use a high power laser to study the pulsed temperature rise on a metal surface.
Arterial Gastroduodenal Infusion of Cholecystokinin-33 Stimulates the Exocrine Pancreatic Enzyme Release Via an Enteropancreatic Reflex, Without Affecting the Endocrine Insulin Secretion in Pigs (2009)

Cholecystokinin-33 in the physiological dose range 4 to 32 pmol kg 10 min stimulates the enzyme secretion but had no effect on the insulin release via a short enteropancreatic pathway in pigs.
Laser-generated microeffects: microcavitation and absorption properties of melanosomes (1999)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text G. Hüttmann, R. Brinkmann, B. Radt, R. Birngruber, J. Rögener, and C. Lin, "Laser-generated microeffects: microcavitation and absorption properties of melanosomes," in Biomedical Optics, OSA Technical Digest (Optica Publishing Group, 1999), paper CWC4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Convolutional Polar Codes: LLR-based Successive Cancellation Decoder and List Decoding Performance (2018)

Recently convolutional polar (cpolar) codes have been proposed. A tensor-network-based successive cancellation (SC) decoding was proposed for them under which cpolar codes were shown to outperform polar codes. In this paper we present the notion of m-bit-channels for cpolar codes and give the recursive construction of m-bit-channels for m=3. Then a log likelihood ratio(LLR)-based SC decoding of complexity order O(Nlog(N)) for cpolar codes is presented. We also present the numerical results for performance evaluation of cpolar codes under SC list (SCL) decoding. Our simulation results show that cpolar codes can achieve the performance of polar codes with a list size reduced by a factor of 4.
10-Day Hyperlipidemic Clamp in Cats: Effects on Insulin Sensitivity, Inflammation, and Glucose Metabolism-related Genes (2010)

Obesity and hyperlipidemia are associated with impaired insulin sensitivity in human type 2 diabetes mellitus, possibly due to activation of a mild inflammatory response. Because obesity-induced insulin resistance predisposes cats to diabetes and because hyperlipidemia is a frequent concurrent finding, excess lipids may also impair insulin sensitivity in cats. Healthy cats (n=6) were infused with lipids (Lipovenoes 10%) for 10 days to clamp blood triglycerides at the approximate concentration of untreated feline diabetes (3-7 mmol/l). Controls received saline (n=5). On day 10, plasma adiponectin and proinflammatory markers were measured. Whole-body insulin sensitivity was calculated following an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Tissue mRNAs of glucose metabolism-related genes were quantified in subcutaneous and visceral fat, liver, and skeletal muscles. Accumulation of lipids was assessed in liver. At the termination of infusion, whole-body insulin sensitivity did not differ between groups. Compared to saline, cats infused with lipids had 50% higher plasma adiponectin and 2-3 times higher alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Unexpectedly, lipid-infused cats had increased glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) mRNA in the visceral fat, and increased peroxisome proliferative activated receptor-gamma2 (PPARgamma2) in subcutaneous fat; adiponectin expression was not affected in any tissue. Lipid-infused cats developed hepatic steatosis. Although hyperlipidemia induced systemic inflammation, whole-body insulin sensitivity was not impaired after 10 day infusion. Increased circulating adiponectin may have contributed to prevent insulin resistance, possibly by increasing GLUT4 and PPARgamma2 transcripts in fat depots.
Three-level inverter with 60 A, 4.5 kV Si IGBT/SiC JBS power modules for marine applications (2013)

Semiconductor modules with medium-voltage (MV) Si IGBTs and anti-parallel silicon-carbide (SiC) junction-barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes are of interest in commercial and naval converters as they allow for significantly reduced switching losses and at present are more cost-effective than an all-SiC switch. A three-level converter is being built and tested using custom modules made with 60A (120A pulsed), 4.5kV Si IGBTs and SiC JBS diodes. This work provides a platform to de-risk and evaluate the integration of SiC JBS diodes at MV using commercial modulation strategies and gating electronics with standard industry topologies for a range of switching frequencies. A comparison of SiC JBS diodes for MV, such as the decrease in turn-on IGBT losses and the elimination of snappy or avalanche recoveries is reviewed, and ways to make SiC more cost effective via topology and packaging choices are discussed.
The effect of solvents on the radiation‐induced polymerization of ethyl and isopropyl vinyl ethers (1980)

Abstract The radiation‐induced cationic polymerization of ethyl and isopropyl vinyl ethers was studied in a variety of solvents. The propagation rate constants were estimated and found to vary widely with the nature of the solvent. In particular, a good linear relationship existed between the logarithms of the rate constants and the reciprocal of the dielectric constants. The lowest rates were those of the highest dielectric constant solvents. These results have been interpreted in terms of the Laidler and Eyring theory of ion‐molecule reactions. Isopropyl vinyl ether polymerizes much faster than ethyl vinvl ether, although the rates approach the same value at infinite dielectric constant. In contrast, “free” carbenium ion polymerizations initiated by stable carbenium ion salts in methylene chloride solution had similar values for both monomers. A comparison is made between the rate constants obtained with both methods of initiation.
Program navigation analysis to support task-aware software development environments (2004)

Performing a software modification requires a developer to investigate a program to find and understand the code relevant to the modification task. Although standard program investigation tools can help developers in this activity, developers often get lost in the complex web of information available about a program. To address this problem we propose to use program navigation analysis, a technique to record and analyze the actions of a developer using a software development environment in order to infer the current task and the subset of a program relevant to this task. Our hypothesis is that we can use the results of program navigation analysis to dynamically configure the interface of a software development environment in a way that alleviates the problems of disorientation experienced by developers. In this paper, we define program navigation analysis and present an overview of its underpinnings, summarize our experience with the technique, highlight important technical challenges, and discuss the benefits that can be reaped from use of the technique.
SMECTIC F TRENDS IN THE 4-(2'-METHYLBUTYL)PHENYL ESTERS OF 4'-n-ALKOXYBIPHENYL-4-CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND 4'-n-ALKYLBIPHENYL-4-CARBOXYLIC ACIDS (1979)

A number of 4-(2'-methylbutyl)phenyl esters of 4'-n-alkyl- and 4'-n-alkoxy-biphenyl- 4-carboxylic acids have been prepared. The esters of the 4'-n-alkoxy-biphenyl acids exhibited numerous smectic phases, including the rare smectic F phase. In fact, in this homologous series, all known smectic phases, except the SD phase, are exhibited. From the results, it appears that the trend in the Sc-SF transition temperatures for these esters is unaffected by the small changes in molecular structure incurred as the terminal carbon chain is increased. This is in complete contrast to the sensitivity of the Sc phases to the structural changes involved as this series is ascended - a sensitivity which is also very marked for the Sc phases in other homologous series we have reported previously. Broadly similar results are reported for the corresponding esters of the 4'-n-alkylbiphenyl acids. The F phases of these esters have been shown to be miscible with the smectic F phase of the standard pyrimidine compound first reported by Demus et al., thus confirming the classification of these new SF phases for which photomicrographs of their textures are now presented.
Terpenoids. XVI.<sup>1</sup> The Constitution of the Cactus Triterpene Cochalic Acid. Partial Reductions of Methyl Diketoechinocystate<sup>2</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTerpenoids. XVI.1 The Constitution of the Cactus Triterpene Cochalic Acid. Partial Reductions of Methyl Diketoechinocystate2Carl Djerassi, G. H. Thomas, and H. MonsimerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 13, 3579–3582Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01618a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01618a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Resonant loop mirror with narrow-band reflections and its application in single-frequency fiber lasers (1997)

We present a new form of loop mirror (to be realized with all-fiber or integrated optics technology) that can produce narrow-band reflections and could find an application in single-frequency fiber lasers, allowing for a standing-wave design with a long doped section and eliminating the need for a Faraday isolator or a fiber grating. We discuss the main features of such a loop mirror and present experimental results that agree well with the theory.
Hypervelocity Aerodynamics with Chemical Nonequilibrium (1989)

The field of fluid mechanics is rapidly advancing, driven by unprecedented volumes of data from experiments, field measurements, and large-scale simulations at multiple spatiotemporal scales. Machine learning (ML) offers a wealth of techniques to extract ...Read More
Self-noise: The relationship between a transducer and its electronics (1997)

The dominant source of self-noise in a sensor system is often assumed to be the first-stage preamplifier. While this can be a poor assumption especially for new-technology sensors, the relationship between the transducer and its electronics is a critical one to consider in the design process. A poor choice for the electronics can negate any potential gains in noise performance from the transducer. This paper explores the inter-relationships between the transducer and its electronics for the important varieties of receiving transducers whether those transducers are simple, self-generating transducers, or complex, feedback-controlled, ac-biased transducers. While this paper will approach the problem from fundamentals, the common figures-of-merit will also be examined and their limitations noted. A number of design guidelines and comparison charts will be presented to facilitate identification of the dominant noise source early in the design process and to permit rough estimation of the achievable noise performance of a particular sensor configuration.
Aniline complexes of ruthenium(II) and ruthenium(III) halides (1971)

The preparations, i.r. and electronic spectra, and magnetic susceptibilities of the ruthenium(III) complexes A[RuX4-(aniline)2](A = Cs, Me4N, C6H5NH3 or C5H6N, and X = Cl, Br, or I); and of the ruthenium(II) complexes [RuL6]Br2 and RuL4Br2(L = a substituted aniline) are reported. From their spectroscopic properties the compounds containing co-ordinated halide are assigned trans-structures. Values of 10Dq obtained from the spectra of [RuL6]Br2 place substituted anilines between ethylenediamine and water in the spectrochemical series. A compound [C6H5NH3]5[Ru3Br14] has been partly characterised.
Characteristics of carbonic anhydrase 9 expressing cells in human intestinal crypt base (2015)

Though recent studies have revealed that stem cells of many tissues are harbored in hypoxic microenvironment, little is known about the relationship between hypoxia and intestinal crypt base, where intestinal stem cells are supposed to exist. In this study, we focused on carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9), a hypoxia-inducible membrane-tethered protein, in normal intestinal crypt base, adenoma and early colorectal cancer. Using surgically resected human colorectal cancer specimen, we searched for the expression pattern and functional association of CA9 in human adult normal intestinal epithelia, adenoma and early colorectal cancer by immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical staining, flow cytometry, and quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction. We demonstrated that almost all crypt base slender cells in ileum and crypt base cells with eosinophilic structure in their basal cytoplasm in right and left colon were CA9+ with the ratio of 25 to 40%, and that adenoma and T1 colorectal cancer showed broad expression of CA9. Flow cytometrically sorted CA9+ population showed increased mRNA level of a Wnt signaling factor AXIN2. In conclusion, these observations indicate that CA9 expression in normal crypt base cells has association with intestinal epithelial stemness and CA9 may be involved in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer.
Algorithmes séquentiels pour l'analyse de données par méthodes à noyau Sequential algorithms for data analysis with kernel-based methods (2004)

and key words In recent years, many methods of analysis and classification of data based on reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces have been developed. Most of these methods incorporate the fundamental principle dictated by Vapnik et al. in Support Vector Machines, which consists in extending linear algorithms to the non-linear case by using kernels. Kernel Fisher Discriminant (KFD) is one of these nonlinear methods which provides interesting results in many practical cases. However, the use of KFD requires storage and processing of matrices whose size equals the number of available data. This may be critical when the training set is large. This paper presents a sequential KFD algorithm which does not require the manipulation of large matrices. Sequential algorithms that fulfil the same requirements as KFD are also presented to perform Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) and Kernel Generalized Discriminant Analysis (KGDA). Sequential algorithms, KPCA, KFD, Mercer kernels, SVM. traitement du signal 2004_volume 21_numero 2 97
The effect of Zhangfei/CREBZF on cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and the unfolded protein response in several canine osteosarcoma cell lines (2015)

Osteosarcomas are common malignancies in large breeds of dogs. Although there has been dramatic progress in their treatment, these therapies often fail, leading to recurrence of the tumour and metastatic spread. Our results indicate that induction of the expression of Zhangfei in OS, where p53 is functional, may be an effective modality for the treatment of OS.
A Rat Carotid Balloon Injury Model to Test Anti-vascular Remodeling Therapeutics (2016)

The rat carotid balloon injury is a well-established surgical model that has been used to study arterial remodeling and vascular cell proliferation. It is also a valuable model system to test, and to evaluate therapeutics and drugs that negate maladaptive remodeling in the vessel. The injury, or barotrauma, in the vessel lumen caused by an inflated balloon via an inserted catheter induces subsequent neointimal growth, often leading to hyperplasia or thickening of the vessel wall that narrows, or obstructs the lumen. The method described here is sufficiently sensitive, and the results can be obtained in relatively short time (2 weeks after the surgery). The efficacy of the drug or therapeutic against the induced-remodeling can be evaluated either by the post-mortem pathological and histomorphological analysis, or by ultrasound sonography in live animals. In addition, this model system has also been used to determine the therapeutic window or the time course of the administered drug. These studies can leadto the development of a better administrative strategy and a better therapeutic outcome. The procedure described here provides a tool for translational studies that bring drug and therapeutic candidates from bench research to clinical applications.