gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Field Efficacy of Management Strategies Containing <i>Brassica napus</i> Seed Meal or Green Manure for the Control of Apple Replant Disease (2005)

Alternative management strategies to the use of preplant soil fumigation for the control of apple replant disease (ARD), including cover crops and strategies incorporating Brassica napus seed meal (rape seed meal [RSM]) amendment as the central component, were evaluated in the orchard. A 1-year wheat cover crop consisting of three short-term cropping periods with plant material removed at the end of each growth period and a 3-year B. napus green manure significantly enhanced vegetative growth and yield of Gala/M26. However, in each instance, the resulting disease control and growth response were inferior to that achieved through preplant methyl bromide soil fumigation. A 3-year bare fallow and 1- or 2-year B. napus green manure neither suppressed disease development nor enhanced tree growth. Preplant RSM amendment in conjunction with a postplant mefenoxam soil drench provided effective suppression of ARD, and the resulting tree growth and yield were comparable with that attained in response to 1,3- dichloropropene-chloropicrin fumigation in one orchard. At a second orchard, the growth response attained with the alternative treatment was inferior to preplant soil fumigation, which was associated with an apparent re-infestation of RSM-treated soils and tree roots by Pratylenchus spp. Application of RSM after wheat cropping or in conjunction with soil solarization provided an intermediate level of disease control and a corresponding reduction in growth and yield of apple relative to preplant fumigation at both sites.
Evaluation of the osteoconductivity of α‐tricalcium phosphate, β‐tricalcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite combined with or without simvastatin in rat calvarial defect (2011)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the osteoconductivity of three different bone substitute materials: α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP), (β-TCP), and hydroxyapatite (HA), combined with or without simvastatin, which is a cholesterol synthesis inhibitor stimulating BMP-2 expression in osteoblasts. We used 72 Wistar rats and prepared two calvarial bone defects of 5 mm diameter in each rat. Defects were filled with the particles of 500-750 μm diameter combined with or without simvastatin at 0.1 mg dose for each defect. In the control group, defects were left empty. Animals were divided into seven groups: α-TCP, β-TCP, HA, α-TCP with simvastatin, β-TCP with simvastatin, HA with simvastatin, and control. The animals were sacrificed at 6 and 8 weeks. The calvariae were dissected out and analyzed with micro CT. The specimens were evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically. In α-TCP group, the amount of newly formed bone was significantly more than both HA and control groups but not significantly yet more than β-TCP group. Degradation of α-TCP was prominent and β-TCP showed slower rate while HA showed the least degradation. Combining the materials with Simvastatin led to increasing in the amount of newly formed bone. These results confirmed that α-TCP, β-TCP, and HA are osteoconductive materials acting as space maintainer for bone formation and that combining these materials with simvastatin stimulates bone regeneration and it also affects degradability of α-TCP and β-TCP. Conclusively, α-TCP has the advantage of higher rate of degradation allowing the more bone formation and combining α-TCP with simvastatin enhances this property.
Mutant SOD1 and mitochondrial damage alter expression and splicing of genes controlling neuritogenesis in models of neurodegeneration (2010)

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson, Alzheimer, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). In addition, aberrant mRNA splicing has been documented in neurodegeneration. To characterize the cellular response to mitochondrial perturbations at the level of gene expression and alternative pre-mRNA splicing we used splicing-sensitive microarrays to profile human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells treated with paraquat, a neurotoxic herbicide that induces the formation of reactive oxygen species and causes mitochondrial damage in animal models, and SH-SY5Y cells stably expressing the mutant G93A-SOD1 protein, one of the genetic causes of ALS. In both models we identified a common set of genes whose expression and alternative splicing are deregulated. Pathway analysis of the deregulated genes revealed enrichment in genes involved in neuritogenesis, axon growth and guidance, and synaptogenesis. Alterations in transcription and pre-mRNA splicing of candidate genes were confirmed experimentally in the cell line models as well as in brain and spinal cord of transgenic mice carrying the G93A-SOD1 mutation. Our findings expand the realm of the pathways implicated in neurodegeneration and suggest that alterations of axonal function may descend directly from mitochondrial damage.
Intratumor heterogeneity defines treatment‐resistant <scp>HER</scp> 2+ breast tumors (2018)

Targeted therapy for patients with HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer has improved overall survival, but many patients still suffer relapse and death from the disease. Intratumor heterogeneity of both estrogen receptor (ER) and HER2 expression has been proposed to play a key role in treatment failure, but little work has been done to comprehensively study this heterogeneity at the single-cell level. In this study, we explored the clinical impact of intratumor heterogeneity of ER protein expression, HER2 protein expression, and HER2 gene copy number alterations. Using combined immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization on tissue sections followed by a validated computational approach, we analyzed more than 13 000 single tumor cells across 37 HER2+ breast tumors. The samples were taken both before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus HER2-targeted treatment, enabling us to study tumor evolution as well. We found that intratumor heterogeneity for HER2 copy number varied substantially between patient samples. Highly heterogeneous tumors were associated with significantly shorter disease-free survival and fewer long-term survivors. Patients for which HER2 characteristics did not change during treatment had a significantly worse outcome. This work shows the impact of intratumor heterogeneity in molecular diagnostics for treatment selection in HER2+ breast cancer patients and the power of computational scoring methods to evaluate in situ molecular markers in tissue biopsies.
Adaptive output feedback for plants with direct feedthrough (2016)

In this paper, we present an adaptive output feedback controller using feedthrough components. This controller consists of an observer-based baseline controller with integral action and a closed-loop reference model and is shown to stabilize a class of linear plants with uncertain parameters including nonzero feedthrough matrices. The presence of direct feedthrough is addressed through the use of suitable feedback gains in the closed-loop reference model. The performance of the adaptive controller is illustrated using simulation studies of a model of an agile aircraft. The results show that a better performance with improved robustness can be obtained with the proposed adaptive controller. These results have important implications on aircraft problems where acceleration measurements are available.
Short-Term Repeated Treadmill Exercise More Potently Increases Cell Proliferation and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the Hippocampus of Rats (2010)

Physical exercise enhances cell proliferation and/or neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is implicated in the modulation of neurotransmitters turnover, neurite genesis, and neuronal survival. BDNF binds to the tyrosine kinas B (TrK). In this study, we compared the effects of the one bout of long-duration treadmill exercise and the repeated short-duration treadmill exercise on cell proliferation and expressions of BDNF and TrKB in the hippocampus. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 200±5 g, were randomly divided into three groups (n=8 in each group): control group, one hour-one bout-treadmill exercise group, and ten minutes-six bouts-treadmill exercise group. The rats in the one hour-one bout-treadmill exercise group were forced to run on a motorized treadmill for 60 min once a day (at 16:00). The rats in the ten minutes-six bouts-treadmill exercise group were forced to run on a treadmill once 10 minutes per six times for a day (at 10:00, 11:00, 14:00, 15:00, 19:00, 20:00). Treadmill exercise was continued for 7 consecutive days. The rats in the control group were left without running. Both types of treadmill exercise increased cell proliferation and enhanced expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus. Cell proliferation and BDNF expression was more potently increased by the ten minutes-six bouts treadmill exercise than the one hour-one bout treadmill exercise. These results showed that repeated bouts of short-duration treadmill exercise may achieve more useful results for the brain functions than one-bout long-duration treadmill exercise. (Korean J Str Res 2010;18:295∼303)
Effects of Prenatal Maternal Handling and Differential Housing on Offspring Emotionality, Plasma Corticosterone Levels, and Susceptibility to Gastric Erosions (1968)

Offspring of rats that were either unmanipulated or handled throughout pregnancy were fostered to unmanipulated females at birth and group-housed at weaning. Behavioral responses to a reaction-to-handling test indicated that prenatally stimulated animals were somewhat less emotional than controls. Also, there was an attenuated plasma corticosterone response to this test in the prenatally handled females. Among females, prenatally manipulated animals were more susceptible to immobilization-produced gastric erosions. In a second experiment, prenatally handled and control rats, reared by unmanipulated females, were housed by groups or individually at weaning. The basic findings of Experiment 1 were confirmed and an interaction between prenatal treatment and housing was observed, the difference between prenatally handled and control animals being most pronounced among the individually housed populations.
Catalytic Activity of Palladium Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes and Core−Shell Microgels (2007)

We present a quantitative comparison of the catalytic activity of palladium nanoparticles immobilized in different colloidal carrier systems, namely, in (i) spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPB) and (ii) core−shell microgels. The first system given by the SPB carrier particles consist of a solid core of polystyrene onto which long chains of poly((2-methylpropenoyloxyethyl) trimethylammonium chloride) (PMPTAC) are grafted. These positively charged polyelectrolyte chains form a dense layer on the surface of the core particles which binds the divalent PdCl42- ions. Reduction leads to metallic Pd particles. System 2 is given by core−shell microgels which consists of a solid core of polystyrene and a shell of cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA). The metal ions were strongly localized within the network because of complexation of the PdCl42- ions and the nitrogen atoms of PNIPA. Reduction of these ions leads to nearly monodisperse nanoparticles of metallic palladium that are only formed within the polymer layer. The average diameter d of the particles is approximately 2.4 nm (system 1; SPB) and 3.8 nm (system 2; microgel). Both types of composite particles exhibit an excellent colloidal stability. The catalytic activities of the Pd nanoparticles in both carrier systems were investigated by monitoring photometrically the reduction of p-nitrophenol by an excess of NaBH4. We find that the catalytic activity of the palladium nanoparticles is strongly influenced by the carrier system: The measured rate constants of Pd nanoparticles immobilized in spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (system 1) is much higher than the one measured for Pd particles in the network of the microgels (system 2). The dependence of the rate constants obtained for both carrier systems demonstrates that these differences must solely be traced back to the different diffusional barriers in both carrier systems; there is no indication for any specific interaction of the polymer chains with the metallic nanoparticles. A comparison with data from literature demonstrates that both types of core−shell particles are excellent carrier systems that may be used to tune the catalytic activity of the metallic nanoparticles.
Collagen and hyaluronan at wound sites influence early polymicrobial biofilm adhesive events (2014)

Our study suggests that the presence of collagen and/or hyaluronan at wound sites may be an important factor that influences the attachment and subsequent biofilm formation of notorious biofilm-formers, such as MRSA and P. aeruginosa. Understanding the kinetics of binding may aid in our comprehension of recalcitrant wound infection development, better enabling our ability to design therapies that would prevent or mitigate the negative outcomes associated with such infections.
Principles of blood separation and component extraction in a disposable continuous-flow single-stage channel (1979)

A single-stage disposable channel and seal that provides for leukocyte and granulocyte collection by continuous-flow cell separation (CFCS) has been designed by the IBM Corporation. This paper describes (1) the separation characteristics of whole blood as it responds to varying gravitational (G) forces and flow rates through the channel; (2) the mechanism by which the buffy coat accumulates and is extracted; (3) the efficiency of extraction; (4) those donor and procedural variables that contribute to the final yield; (5) posttransfusion increment response in patients; and (6) the functional integrity of the cells collected.
Impact of Persistent Antiphospholipid Antibodies on Symptomatic Thromboembolism In Children: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis [Observational Studies] (2010)

Abstract Abstract 3169 Background: Adapted from the adult definition, pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome [APS] has been defined as one or more arterial or venous thrombosis associated with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies, i.e. IgM or IgG anticardiolipin antibodies [ACL: cut-off > 99th age-dependent percentile] or the presence of lupus anticoagulants confirmed in at least one follow-up visit more than 8 to 12 weeks apart. Antiphospholipid antibodies play an important role in the development of pediatric thromboembolism [TE] with arterial TE or stroke being more often associated with primary APS compared to deep venous thrombosis [DVT], which is observed predominantly in children with secondary APS. However, results of single studies on the risk thromboembolism onset associated with APS have been contradictory or inconclusive, mainly due to lack of statistical power. The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of APS on risk of childhood arterial and venous TE via meta-analysis of published observational studies. Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, OVID, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library) for studies published from 1970 to 2010 was conducted using key words in combination both as MeSH terms and text words. Citations were independently screened by two authors and those meeting the a priori defined inclusion criteria were retained. Data on year of publication, study design, laboratory methodologies, country of origin, number of patients/controls, ethnicity, type and location of TE were abstracted. Publication bias indicator and heterogeneity across studies were evaluated, and summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using both fixed-effects and random-effects models. Results: Eight of 319 (DVT) and seven out of 185 (arterial TE) references found met inclusion criteria: In total 1403 patients and 1904 population-based controls aged neonate to 18 years were enrolled. No significant heterogeneity was discerned across studies, and no publication bias was detected. In addition, regression analysis did not reveal statistical significant differences between locations of TE, age at first disease onset, study country, or publication year. Thus, data from arterial and venous TE were analyzed together. A statistically significant association with a first TE onset was demonstrated with a cumulative summary ORs/CIs (fixed-effects model) of 5.9/3.6-9.7. Conclusions: The present meta-analysis indicates that APS serves as a clinical meaningful risk factor for a first symptomatic TE in children. However, the impact of APS upon outcome and recurrence risk needs to be further investigated. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Treatment of migraine and the role of psychiatric medications. (2008)

Over the past year, there were approximately 5.5 million patients treated for migraine. Approximately 50 percent of migraine patients are treated by primary care physicians and an additional 21 percent are treated by neurologists. Psychiatrists play a small role in the treatment of migraine, and they treat only slightly more than one percent of migraine patients. 5HT-1 agonists represent 42 percent of migraine treatment. Pain products (both narcotic and non-narcotic) and antiepileptics account for an additional 21 percent and 13 percent of migraine therapy treatments, respectively. Psychiatric medications, such as tricyclic antidepressants, are not commonly used in the treatment of migraine (3.5% of medication uses). A discussion of data is provided.
Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Apios Tuber Lectin (2015)

Apios tuber lectin, named ATL, was isolated from Apios americana Medikus by two chromatography steps, hydrophobic chromatography and anion-exchange chromatography. The minimum concentration required for the hemagglutination activity toward rabbit erythrocytes of ATL was 4 μg/mL. ATL was composed of a homodimer of 28.4 kDa subunits. The amino acid sequence of ATL was similar to those of other legume lectins. The lectin showed moderate stability toward heating and acidic pH, and the binding affinity against several monosaccharides, such as D-glucosamine and D-galactosamine. ATL also bound to desialylated or agalactosylated glycoproteins such as asialo and agalacto transferrin. ATL decreased the transepithelial electrical resistance across human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers, suggesting the effect on the tight junction-mediated paracellular transport.
Passive damping of truss vibration using preloaded joint backlash (1995)

This paper proposes using preloaded backlashes to suppress the vibration of truss structures and clarifies the vibration suppression mechanism. With preloaded backlashes, a structure keeps its high stiffness and high static shape accuracy at low external loads and vibration levels. When the response of the structure exceeds a certain level, e.g., allowable level, the joints start slipping, introducing frictional damping and nonlinearity. This nonlinearity transfers energy from lower vibration modes to higher vibration modes. Because higher mode vibrations usually damp sooner, this nonlinear transfer of energy from lower to higher modes results in a quick damping of the entire vibration. Numerical simulations show that energy transfer between the modes drastically enhances the inherent damping capability of the structure. The resulting damping can be as large as that due to the frictional force at the backlashes, even when the inherent damping ratio of each mode is only 0.2%. The simulation results demonstrate that frictional forces and enhanced inherent damping both suppress vibrations and that they are particularly effective in combination.
Methyl α‐glycoside of <i>N</i>‐thioacetyl‐<scp>d</scp>‐neuraminic acid: A potential inhibitor of influenza A virus a <sup>1</sup>H NMR study (1993)

The binding of influenza A virus hemagglutinin to its cell surface receptor, alpha-linked 5-N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid), was studied in solution. The effect of structural modifications introduced into the N-acetyl group of the sialic acid on the binding was monitored by determining the dissociation constants by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. Methyl alpha-glycoside of N-thioacetylneuraminic acid showed high, whereas the corresponding N-methylcarbamoylneuraminic acid exhibited relatively low binding affinity towards the hemagglutinin.
EF‐hand motifs of diacylglycerol kinase α interact intra‐molecularly with its C1 domains (2014)

Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) α, which is activated by Ca(2+), contains a recoverin homology (RVH) domain, tandem repeats of two Ca(2+)-binding EF-hand motifs, two cysteine-rich C1 domains and the catalytic domain. We previously found that a DGKα mutant lacking the RVH domain and EF-hands was constitutively active and that the N-terminal region of DGKα, consisting of the RVH domain and EF-hand motifs, interacted intra-molecularly with the C-terminal region containing the C1 and catalytic domains. In this study, we narrowed down the interaction regions of DGKα. At the C-terminal region, the C1 domains are responsible for the intra-molecular interaction. At the N-terminal region, the EF-hand motifs mainly contribute to the interaction. Moreover, using highly purified EF-hand motifs and C1 domains, we demonstrate that they directly bind to each other. The co-precipitation of these two domains was clearly attenuated by the addition of Ca(2+). These results indicate that the Ca(2+)-induced dissociation of the intra-molecular interaction between the EF-hand motifs and the C1 domains of DGKα is the key event that regulates the activity of the enzyme.
A Strategy for Extending the House of Quality to Obtain Preliminary Design Specifications (1999)

Abstract This paper details a strategy for quantifying the House of Quality to produce preliminary design specifications. Estimation modules replace the traditional symbols in the HoQ. Genetic algorithms are used to produce and rate candidate preliminary design specifications. A test case from the automotive industry is implemented in order to test the effectiveness of the strategy. Results from the test case indicate that the strategy produces preliminary design specifications that are reasonable and consistent.
Crystalline Inclusion Compounds of a Palladacyclic Tetraol Host Featuring <i>o</i>‐Carborane Units (2017)

A new neutral host Pd 2 L 2 metallacycle, featuring a bulky bis[3‐pyridyl(hydroxy)methyl]‐1,2‐dicarba‐ closo ‐dodecaborane, is synthesized, and seven crystalline inclusion compounds are obtained from DMF, DMSO, EtOAc, and THF, with the last four acting as guest solvents. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction structural analysis shows the formation of 1: n ( n = 6–8) host/guest crystals, indicating a high stoichiometric ratio of included solvent. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses of all structures reveal a supramolecular ordering of the palladacycles in the solid state, through extensive hydrogen bonding or intermolecular contacts, mainly between the host and the guest molecules.