gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low cycle fatigue performance of integral bridge steel H-piles subjected to earthquakes (2014)

Under the effect of medium and large intensity ground motions, the seismically-induced lateral cyclic displacements in steel H-piles of integral bridges (IBs) could be considerable. As a result, the piles may experience cyclic plastic deformations following a major earthquake. This may result in the reduction of their service life due to low-cycle fatigue effects. Accordingly, low cycle fatigue in integral bridge piles is investigated under seismic effects in this study For this purpose, an IB with two span is considered. Three dimensional nonlinear structural models of the IB including dynamic soil-bridge interaction effects are built. Then, time history analyses of the IB models are conducted using a set of ground motions with various intensities representing small, medium and large intensity earthquakes. In the analyses, the effect of various properties such as soil stiffness, pile size and orientation are considered. The magnitude of cyclic displacements of steel H-piles are then determined from the analyses results. In addition, using the existing data from experimental tests of steel H-piles, a fatigue damage model is formulated. This fatigue damage model is used together with the cyclic displacement obtained from seismic analyses to determine the remaining service life of IBs under cyclic displacement due to thermal effects. The fatigue analyses results reveals that earthquakes with large intensity may reduce the service life of the piles with non-compact sections.
Chemical and Immunological Properties of Protein and Polysaccharide Fractions Extracted from Aspergillus fumigatus (1967)

Protein and polysaccharide fractions were extracted from the cells of Aspergillus fumigatus and chemical and immunological properties of these fractions were investigated. Protein fraction which was designated AAP fraction was purified by the column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. In the purified protein fraction (AAP-A fraction), about 3.5 per cent of carbohydrate were contained. By the intracutaneous injection of 10 μg of AAP fraction in the rabbits or guinea pigs which were immunized with A. fumigatus, Arthus and delayed type skin reactions were elicited. In the patients with pulmonary aspergillosis, delayed type and wheal-erythema skin reactions were elicited by the intracutaneous injection of 1 to 10 μg of AAP fraction. The activity of delayed type skin reaction of AAP fraction was lost completely by the treatment of AAP fraction with proteolytic enzyme. The AAP fraction showed high specificity by the skin reaction in the rabbits which were immunized with aspergillus and other fungal species. Polysaccharide fraction was further fractionated into two fractions, glucan and galactomannan, and they were purified by the column chromatagraphy on Dowex 50 and DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration on Sephadex. Galactomannan which was designated APS-66 was active by the skin and serological reactions in the immunized rabbits, guinea pigs and patients with pulmonary aspergillosis. The APS-66 (galactomannan) was available for the antigen of precipitation, complement fixation and passive hemagglutination reactions with rabbits antisera. By the intracutaneous injection of 10 μg of APS-66 in immunized rabbits or guinea pigs, Arthus type skin reaction was elicited. In case of the patients with pulmonary aspergillosis, wheal-erythema skin reaction was elicited by the intracutaneous injection of 1 to 10 μg of APS-66. Glucan was inactive immunologically in immunized rabbits. Above results show that protein (AAP) and polysaccharide (APS-66) fractions purified from A. fumigatus were useful for the antigens of the skin and serological reactions in the patients with pulmonary aspergillosis and immunized rabbits or guinea pigs.
Treatment of Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewater by an Integrated Membrane-Based Process for Approaching Zero Liquid Discharge (2018)

An integrated membrane process for the treatment of wastewaters from a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) plant was implemented on a laboratory scale to reduce their salt content and to produce a water stream to be recycled in the power industry. The process is based on a preliminary pretreatment of FGD wastewaters, which includes chemical softening and ultrafiltration (UF) to remove Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup> ions as well as organic compounds. The pretreated wastewaters were submitted to a reverse osmosis (RO) step to separate salts from water. The RO retentate was finally submitted to a membrane distillation (MD) step to extract more water, thus increasing the total water recovery factor while producing a high-purity permeate stream. The performance of RO and MD membranes was evaluated by calculating salts rejection, permeate flux, fouling index, and water recovery. The investigated integrated system allowed a total recovery factor of about 94% to be reached, with a consequent reduction of the volume of FGD wastewater to be disposed, and an MD permeate stream with an electrical conductivity of 80 μS/cm, able to be reused in the power plant, with a saving in fresh water demand.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of aluminum-boron codoping of silicon (2015)

We present a detailed study on aluminum-boron codoping of silicon by alloying from screen-printed aluminum pastes containing boron additives (Al–B pastes). We derive an analytical model for the formation of the Al–B acceptor profiles by quantitatively describing (i) the composition of the Al–B–Si melt and (ii) the incorporation of Al and B acceptor atoms into the recrystallizing Si lattice. We show that measured Al–B dopant profiles can be excellently described by this model, which therefore offers a straightforward method for the comprehensive investigation of alloying from Al–B pastes. The formation of a characteristic kink in the Al–B dopant profile curve can thus be ascribed to the exhaustion of the B additive dissolution during alloying. By intentionally adding elemental B powder to an Al paste, we demonstrate that only a low percentage of the B powder actually dissolves into the melt. We show that this incomplete dissolution of the B additive strongly affects the recombination characteristics of Al–B–p+ regions and, thus, is an important element of alloying from Al–B pastes. This study therefore provides improved understanding of aluminum-boron codoping of silicon. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of system availability in an electric vehicle with multiplexed and non-multiplexed wiring harness (2003)

In electric and hybrid electric vehicles, availability of the electrical system/subsystem is important in terms of customer satisfaction. This paper discusses the system/subsystem availability issues in electric vehicles where both auxiliary and the propulsion loads are actuated/controlled through a multiplexed wiring harness system. The paper compares the system availability with a regular non-multiplexed system. A metric is introduced, and the system availability is described in terms of this metric.
The facilitative effects of bilobalide, a unique constituent of Ginkgo biloba, on synaptic transmission and plasticity in hippocampal subfields (2011)

Bilobalide, a unique constituent of Ginkgo biloba, has been reported to potentiate population spikes in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells and to protect the brain against cell death. In this study, the effects of bilobalide on synaptic transmission and its plasticity in rat hippocampal subfields were electrophysiologically investigated. Bilobalide (50 μM) significantly potentiated the input-output relationship at Schaffer collateral (SC)-CA1 synapses but not at medial perforant path (MPP)-dentate gyrus (DG), lateral perforant path (LPP)-DG, or mossy fiber (MF)-CA3 synapses. Facilitative effects of bilobalide on synaptic plasticity were only observed at MPP-DG synapses, in which the induction of long-term depression was blocked in the presence of bilobalide. However, no effect on synaptic plasticity was observed at SC-CA1 synapses. These results suggest that bilobalide has differential effects on synaptic efficacy in each hippocampal subfield.
Increasing the Competitiveness of Laboratory-reared Corn Earworm1 by Incorporation of Indigenous Moths from the Area of Sterile Release2,3 (1975)

Wild moths of the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), from St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, were mated to the Tifton laboratory strain to obtain a ¾ St. Croix laboratory colony. Field comparisons with the Tifton laboratory colony showed that incorporation of genes from the strain indigenous to St. Croix increased the frequency of mating by field-released sterile males with females that were free-flying or confined on mating tables. Improvement in female performance was not as great as was shown in the male, but free-flying St. Croix colony females were able to attract and mate with males more frequently than were females of the Tifton laboratory colony.
“Helicity Inversion”: Linkage Effects of Chiral Poly(<i>n</i>-hexyl isocyanate)s (2012)

Poly(n-hexyl isocyanate)s (PHICs) with chiral moieties at both ends of their polymeric chains were synthesized by living anionic polymerizations. Such PHICs were synthesized using a bidirectional initiator (sodium naphthalenide (Na-Naph)) and terminated with a chiral acid chloride, (S)-2-acetoxypropionyl chloride ((S)-Ct). Na-Naph created a covalent linkage in the middle of the chains by radical–radical coupling. PHICs containing a chiral moiety at both ends adopted conformations with an opposite helical sense in comparison with those PHICs that had the same chiral moiety at only one end of their chain. By observing these structural differences, it was hypothesized that such a “helicity inversion” occurred in the PHICs due to the covalent linkage in the middle of the chain. Therefore, to prove this assumption about helicity inversion, a comparison study of the helical behaviors between the PHIC with the chiral moiety at both ends and the PHIC with the chiral moiety at only one end was performed. The synthesized PHICs were characterized using size exclusion chromatography-multiangle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS), MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, NMR spectrometry, and circular dichroism (CD).
Fast Feature Selection for Learning to Rank (2016)

An emerging research area named Learning-to-Rank (LtR) has shown that effective solutions to the ranking problem can leverage machine learning techniques applied to a large set of features capturing the relevance of a candidate document for the user query. Large-scale search systems must however answer user queries very fast, and the computation of the features for candidate documents must comply with strict back-end latency constraints. The number of features cannot thus grow beyond a given limit, and Feature Selection (FS) techniques have to be exploited to find a subset of features that both meets latency requirements and leads to high effectiveness of the trained models. In this paper, we propose three new algorithms for FS specifically designed for the LtR context where hundreds of continuous or categorical features can be involved. We present a comprehensive experimental analysis conducted on publicly available LtR datasets and we show that the proposed strategies outperform a well-known state-of-the-art competitor.
Type III‐dependent translocation of the <i>Xanthomonas</i> AvrBs3 protein into the plant cell (2002)

Many plant pathogenic bacteria utilize a conserved type III secretion system (TTSS) to deliver effector proteins into the host tissue. Indirect evidence has suggested that at least some effector proteins are translocated from the bacterial cytoplasm into the plant cell. Using an immunocytochemical approach, we demonstrate that the type III effector AvrBs3 from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria localizes to nuclei of infected pepper leaves. Importantly, AvrBs3 translocation was observed in situ in native tissues of susceptible and resistant plants. AvrBs3 was detected in the nucleus as soon as 4 h post infection, which was dependent on a functional TTSS and the putative translocator HrpF. N-terminal AvrBs3 deletion derivatives are no longer secreted by the TTSS in vitro and could not be detected inside the host cells, suggesting that the N-terminus of AvrBs3 is important for secretion. Deletion of the nuclear localization signals in the AvrBs3 C-terminus, which are required for the AvrBs3-mediated induction of the hypersensitive reaction in resistant pepper plants, abolished AvrBs3 localization to the nucleus. This is the first report on direct evidence for translocation of a native type III effector protein from a plant pathogenic bacterium into the host cell.
Cost minimization analysis of beta-blocker at the time of CT imaging for suspected of coronary heart disease in Japan (2013)

Landiolol for CTCA diagnosis in patients suspected of coronary heart disease with tachycardia is thought to be cost saving.
ChemInform Abstract: DARSTELLUNG UND EIGENSCHAFTEN VON HETEROCYCLISCHEN SILANEN DES TYPS SI4X MIT X=B,N,O (1974)

Abstract Octaphenylcyclotetrasilan (I) kann sowohl mit Lithium, als auch mit Jod zu den linearen Silanen (II) bzw. (IV) gespalten werden.
Bit Error Rate Estimation for a Joint Detection Receiver in the Downlink of UMTS/TDD (2003)

The bit error rate (BER) is an important measure of radio link quality in wireless communication systems. In this paper, we show how the BER of a joint detection receiver in the downlink of a UMTS/TDD system can be estimated without an active connection to a base station. We propose estimators for the instantaneous and average uncoded BER that are based on knowledge of the impulse responses and the power levels of surrounding base stations. The accuracy of our BER estimators is assessed through simulation of a UMTS/TDD network with different load factors. I.
Cell-based therapy of the failing heart: a need to connect for proper electrical and contractile function (2010)

This editorial refers to ‘Skeletal myoblast implants induce minor propagation delays, but do not promote arrhythmias in the normal swine heart’ by J. Moreno et al. , on page 1637 

Despite clear improvements in acute therapy and chronic management, myocardial infarction remains a severe threat to cardiac function.1,2 In contrast to other organs, the heart has only limited regeneration capacity. Therefore, most of the cardiomyocytes that die in the process of acute myocardial ischaemia are replaced by dysfunctional scar tissue. In this context, regeneration of infarcted areas of the heart via application of progenitors/stem cells is a fascinating prospect. Clinical observations suggested a beneficial effect of injecting bone marrow-derived cells into coronary arteries3–5 or skeletal myoblasts into hearts during open heart surgery6,7 in survivors of myocardial infarction with heart failure, resulting in a high expectation that regeneration of the left ventricle could be instigated by such ‘regenerative therapy'. Subsequent larger trials found modest or no effects after intracoronary injection of bone marrow-derived cells.8–10 Furthermore, careful clinical follow-up of patients … 

*Corresponding author. Tel: +49 251 8345185; fax: +49 251 8347864, Email: kirchhp{at}uni-muenster.de
The thrombosed arteriovenous graft: An endovascular training model for vascular surgeons (1995)

Over a three-year-period 51 concomitant aorto-bifemoral and Jémoro-popliteal reconstructions, using prosthetic materials below the inguinal ligament, were carried out in 39 patients, with both aorto-iliac and femoro-popliteal disease, presenting with severe lower limb ischaemia. Thirteen grafts were inserted for rest pain and/or gangrene, while 38 were performed for disabling claudication. There was no perioperative mortality. Cummulative patency for all femoro-popliteal grafts was 53% at 2 years. Limb salvage rates of 84.6% at 2 years were achieved in patients with critical ischaemia. These results suggest that synchronous aorto-bifemoral and femoro-popliteal reconstructions with prosthetic materials can be performed safely in selected patients with acceptable early patency and limb salvage rates.
Recursive array layouts and fast matrix multiplication (2002)

The performance of both serial and parallel implementations of matrix multiplication is highly sensitive to memory system behavior. False sharing and cache conflicts cause traditional column-major or row-major array layouts to incur high variability in memory system performance as matrix size varies. This paper investigates the use of recursive array layouts to improve performance and reduce variability. Previous work on recursive matrix multiplication is extended to examine several recursive array layouts and three recursive algorithms: standard matrix multiplication and the more complex algorithms of Strassen (1969) and Winograd. While recursive layouts significantly outperform traditional layouts (reducing execution times by a factor of 1.2-2.5) for the standard algorithm, they offer little improvement for Strassen's and Winograd's algorithms. For a purely sequential implementation, it is possible to reorder computation to conserve memory space and improve performance between 10 percent and 20 percent. Carrying the recursive layout down to the level of individual matrix elements is shown to be counterproductive; a combination of recursive layouts down to canonically ordered matrix tiles instead yields higher performance. Five recursive layouts with successively increasing complexity of address computation are evaluated and it is shown that addressing overheads can be kept in control even for the most computationally demanding of these layouts.
Structure and diversity of 13S globulin zero-repeat subunit, the trypsin-resistant storage protein of common buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i> M.) seeds (2019)

The zero-repeat subunit of 13S globulin, which lacks tandem repeat inserts, is trypsin-resistant and suggested to show higher allergenicity than the other subunits in common buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i> Moench). To evaluate allelic variations and find novel alleles, the diversity of the zero-repeat genes was examined for two Japanese elite cultivars and 15 Pakistani landraces. The results demonstrated that two new alleles <i>GlbNA1</i> and <i>GlbNC1</i>, plus three additional new alleles <i>GlbNA2</i>, <i>GlbNA3</i>, and <i>GlbND</i>, were identified besides the already-known <i>GlbNA</i>, <i>GlbNB</i>, and <i>GlbNC</i> alleles. In the Pakistani landraces, <i>GlbNA</i> was the most dominant allele (0.60-0.88 of allele frequency) in all except one landrace, where <i>GlbNB</i> was the most dominant allele (0.50 of allele frequency). Similar to <i>GlbNC</i>, the alleles <i>GlbNA2</i> and <i>GlbNA3</i> had extra ~200 bp MITE-like sequences around the stop codon. Secondary structure predictions of a sense strand demonstrated that the extra ~200 bp sequences of <i>GlbNC</i>, <i>GlbNA2</i>, and <i>GlbNA3</i> can form rigid hairpin structures with free energies of -78.95, -67.06, and -29.90 kcal/mol, respectively. These structures may affect proper transcription and/or translation. In the <i>GlbNC</i> homozygous line, no transcript of a zero-repeat gene was detected, suggesting the material would be useful for developing hypoallergenic buckwheat.
Neutrophil-activating peptide 2 and gro/melanoma growth-stimulatory activity interact with neutrophil-activating peptide 1/interleukin 8 receptors on human neutrophils (1991)

Neutrophil-activating peptide 1/interleukin 8 (NAP-1/IL-8), neutrophil-activating peptide 2 (NAP-2), and gro/melanoma growth-stimulatory activity (gro/MGSA) are potent inflammatory cytokines with homologous structure and similar neutrophil-activating properties. Receptors on human neutrophils that interact with these peptides were studied. Analysis of 125I-NAP-1/IL-8 binding at 0-4 degrees C revealed 64,500 +/- 14,000 receptors/cell with an apparent Kd of 0.18 +/- 0.07 nM (mean +/- S.D. of six independent experiments). Unlabeled NAP-1/IL-8, NAP-2, and gro/MGSA competed with 125I-NAP-1/IL-8 for binding to human neutrophils. Competition with increasing concentrations of unlabeled NAP-2 and gro/MGSA resolved two classes of NAP-1/IL-8 binding sites: about 70% of them bound NAP-2 and gro/MGSA with high affinity (Kd: 0.34 +/- 0.2 and 0.14 +/- 0.02), while 30% were of low affinity (Kd: 100 +/- 20 and 130 +/- 10 nM). Different binding sites, however, were not apparent upon competition with unlabeled NAP-1/IL-8, suggesting that both classes of receptors have similar affinities for NAP-1/IL-8. The existence of two receptors was also suggested by ligand cross-linking and cross-desensitization experiments. Two neutrophil membrane proteins with apparent Mr of 66,000-74,000 and 42,000-46,000 became cross-linked to 125I-NAP-1/IL-8, and the labeling was decreased when excess NAP-1/IL-8, NAP-2, or gro/MGSA was present. Stimulation of neutrophils with NAP-1/IL-8 resulted in desensitization toward a subsequent challenge with NAP-2 or gro/MGSA as shown by the rise in cytosolic free calcium. By contrast, following primary stimulation with NAP-2 or gro/MGSA, responses to NAP-1/IL-8 were only moderately attenuated, supporting the existence of NAP-1/IL-8 receptors which bind NAP-2 or gro/MGSA with low affinity. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that NAP-2 and gro/MGSA act upon human neutrophils by directly interacting with two classes of receptors for NAP-1/IL-8.
Recombinant purple acid phosphatase isoform 3 from sweet potato is an enzyme with a diiron metal center (2006)

Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) from sweet potato (sp) have been classified on the basis of their primary structure and the dinuclear metal center into isoforms spPAP1 [Fe(III)-Zn(II)] and spPAP2 [Fe(III)-Mn(II)]; for spPAP3 only the cDNA is known. With the aim of unraveling the character of the dinuclear metal center we report here the characterization of this isoform at the protein level. We cloned spPAP3 cDNA in a baculovirus and overexpressed this enzyme in Sf9 insect cells. Preparation of recombinant spPAP3 in two steps afforded pure enzyme with yields of 4.5 mg.L(-1) culture medium. This enzyme is a dimeric, disulfide-linked PAP of 110 kDa, similar to known PAP isoforms from higher plants. Enzymatic studies and spectroscopic properties (max. absorption at 550-565 nm) indicated a diiron enzyme; quantitative and semiquantitative metal analysis using ICP-OES and TOF-SIMS, respectively, revealed the presence of only iron in purified spPAP3. Metal replacement in the second metal-binding site upon preparation of the semiapo-enzyme with Fe(II), Zn(II), or Mn(II) showed highest activities with Fe(II). The data show that recombinant spPAP3 has a diiron metal center. Site-directed mutagenesis was conducted to check catalytic efficiency at the atomic level. Tyr291 at the substrate-binding site in spPAP3 was mutated to His and Ala, the respective residues found in spPAP1 and spPAP2. Kinetic analysis showed that conversion of Tyr291 to His further optimized the performance of this protein as a diiron enzyme, whereas the Ala mutation weakened the catalytic efficiency regardless of the metal present in the second binding site.