gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Compact Sub-1 GHz IoT Antenna Design with Wide Tuning Capabilities (2021)

In this work, an Internet of Things (IoT) antenna design is presented for low power and long-range communications within 5G sub-1 GHz applications. The antenna design is optimized to operate in sub-1 GHz bands using a simple meandered loop slot-line structure reactively loaded with a varactor diode. The varactor diode helps in achieving frequency reconfigurability (FR) over a wide-band in sub-1 GHz range. The proposed antenna covers frequency bands from 758 to 1034 MHz. The antenna is realized on RO-4350 board with dimensions 60×27 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The distinguishing features of the proposed antenna design are simple biasing circuitry, compact low profile antenna design with wide tuning capabilities
Investigations of the Surface Chemical Composition and Atomic Structure of ex-situ Sulfur Passivated Ge(100) (2009)

Using complementary surface analysis techniques, we have studied the chemical and structural properties of the S/Ge(100) passivation layer formed upon sulfidation in an aqueous (NH4)2S solution. Our experiments have revealed that only S-Ge bonds are formed upon the adsorption of S and that the surface is essentially free of other S-containing species (i.e. Sn or SOx). The passivation treatment was found to reduce, but not to fully inhibit Ge-O bonds on the surface. Moreover, we have shown that the top-layer of the passivated surface shows a high degree of disorder even though it is associated with a spotty (1x1) RHEED pattern. Based on our experimental findings, we conclude that the passivation layer can be best described as a thin amorphous GeSxOy film atop a partially ordered interfacial layer, a surface model that has been proposed previously in literature.
Local Symmetry Detection in Natural Images Using a Particle Filtering Approach (2014)

In this paper, we propose an algorithm to detect smooth local symmetries and contours of ribbon-like objects in natural images. The detection is formulated as a spatial tracking task using a particle filtering approach, extracting one part of a structure at a time. Using an adaptive local geometric model, the method can detect straight reflection symmetries in perfectly symmetrical objects as well as smooth local symmetries in curved elongated objects. In addition, the proposed approach jointly estimates spine and contours, making it possible to generate back ribbon objects. Experiments for local symmetry detection have been conducted on a recent extension of the Berkeley segmentation data sets. We also show that it is possible to retrieve specific geometrical objects using intuitive prior structural information.
Rituximab for prevention of delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction in sickle cell disease (2007)

Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR), a life-threatening transfusion complication in sickle cell disease (SCD), is characterized by a marked hemoglobin drop with destruction of both transfused and autologous red blood cells (RBCs) and exacerbation of SCD symptoms. One mechanism of RBCs destruction is auto-antibody production secondary to transfusion. As rituximab specifically targets circulating B cells, we thought that it could be beneficial in preventing this immune-mediated transfusion complication. We report the case of a SCD patient who previously experienced DHTR with auto-antibodies and who needed a new transfusion. DHTR recurrence was successfully prevented by rituximab administration prior transfusion, supporting the safe use of rituximab to prevent DHTR in SCD patients as a second line approach when other measures failed.
Highly Dynamic and Sex-Specific Expression of microRNAs During Early ES Cell Differentiation (2009)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells derived from the inner cell mass of the mammalian blastocyst. Cellular differentiation entails loss of pluripotency and gain of lineage-specific characteristics. However, the molecular controls that govern the differentiation process remain poorly understood. We have characterized small RNA expression profiles in differentiating ES cells as a model for early mammalian development. High-throughput 454 pyro-sequencing was performed on 19-30 nt RNAs isolated from undifferentiated male and female ES cells, as well as day 2 and 5 differentiating derivatives. A discrete subset of microRNAs (miRNAs) largely dominated the small RNA repertoire, and the dynamics of their accumulation could be readily used to discriminate pluripotency from early differentiation events. Unsupervised partitioning around meloids (PAM) analysis revealed that differentiating ES cell miRNAs can be divided into three expression clusters with highly contrasted accumulation patterns. PAM analysis afforded an unprecedented level of definition in the temporal fluctuations of individual members of several miRNA genomic clusters. Notably, this unravelled highly complex post-transcriptional regulations of the key pluripotency miR-290 locus, and helped identify miR-293 as a clear outlier within this cluster. Accordingly, the miR-293 seed sequence and its predicted cellular targets differed drastically from those of the other abundant cluster members, suggesting that previous conclusions drawn from whole miR-290 over-expression need to be reconsidered. Our analysis in ES cells also uncovered a striking male-specific enrichment of the miR-302 family, which share the same seed sequence with most miR-290 family members. Accordingly, a miR-302 representative was strongly enriched in embryonic germ cells derived from primordial germ cells of male but not female mouse embryos. Identifying the chromatin remodelling and E2F-dependent transcription repressors Ari4a and Arid4b as additional targets of miR-302 and miR-290 supports and possibly expands a model integrating possible overlapping functions of the two miRNA families in mouse cell totipotency during early development. This study demonstrates that small RNA sampling throughout early ES cell differentiation enables the definition of statistically significant expression patterns for most cellular miRNAs. We have further shown that the transience of some of these miRNA patterns provides highly discriminative markers of particular ES cell states during their differentiation, an approach that might be broadly applicable to the study of early mammalian development.
Tuning the Singlet–Triplet Gap in Metal‐Free Phosphorescent π‐Conjugated Polymers (2010)

Glow in the dark: A tunable singlet–triplet exchange gap arises in optically active conjugated polymers that exhibit both strong fluorescence from the singlet state and pronounced phosphorescence from triplet excitations (see picture). The polymers were incorporated into organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Self-organizing maps in arrhythmia localization from body surface potential mapping (2002)

The authors have developed a novel method for ventricular tachycardia (VT) source localization using body surface potential mapping (BSPM). Kohonen self-organizing maps (SOM) are utilized for the classification of different types of VTs. The method is a two-step process. First, a large number of potential patterns from VT QRS complexes are presented to the SOM. Second, QRS time traces on this SOM are created to find the representative patterns for different types of VT. The localization can be performed using these time traces as a reference. The presented method utilizes both spatial and temporal aspects of the recorded VT to create a representative pattern of the tachycardia. The data was obtained from 27 patients with ventricular tachycardia; 21 were used for the teaching set and 6 for the test set. Results comparable to the well-documented integral map method were obtained in this study.
Covalent and Physical Cross-Linking of Photonic Crystals with 10-Fold-Enhanced Chemomechanical Stability (2008)

We report opal photonic crystals that are self-assembled from functional polymer particles. We randomly copolymerized functional side-chain monomers containing motifs that form homodimers or heterobridges. These include ether or methylene bridges, hydrazone bridges, acids for anhydride formation, low- T g copolymers or physical cross-links by hydrogen bonds and/or polarity. To generate particles that are monodisperse, spherical, and functionalized, we combined emulsifier-free synthesis with swelling synthesis steps. Laser diffraction from centimeter-sized beams, white-light interferometry, and atomic force microscopy demonstrates symmetry and homogeneity across the entire crystal without the loss of interstitial volume. Compared to the stability of nonfunctional particles, the stability of the crystal against immersion in water and isopropanol was enhanced from 10 to a perfect 100%. One of the successful approaches (methylene bridges from N-methylolmethacrylamid) is triggered by thermal activation, but as shown, this is operative far from the trivial regime of sintering. We demonstrate successful infiltration with and solvation of a laser-polymerizable resin, thus enabling the processing of 3D photonic waveguide structures.
Two-port analysis of switched-capacitor networks using four-port equivalent circuits in the z-domain (1979)

In a previous publication by the authors it was shown how switched-capacitor (SC) networks can be analyzed by using nodal charge equations. The result was a description of SC networks as time-variant sampled-data networks which led to a four-port equivalent circuit representation in the z-domain. In this paper, the four-port representation is expanded by considering six basic building blocks for the design of any general active or passive SC network. With the four-port equivalent circuit representation, traditional two-port analysis tools, such as the transmission matrix and two-port transfer functions, can be used conveniently. An SC-filter design example is given and the measured response is shown to coincide with the response predicted by the theory.
Would prostate cancer detected by screening withprostate‐specific antigen develop into clinical cancer if left undiagnosed? A comparison of two population‐based studies in Sweden (2000)

Screening and sextant biopsies resulted in a lower detection rate (22%) than the cumulative risk of having clinical prostate cancer (33%) in men with increased PSA levels, indicating that under-diagnosis rather than over-diagnosis is the case at least with 'one-time' screening. Even if the stage distribution in screening-detected cancers seems promising (and thus may result in reduced mortality) it is notable that screening 67-year-old men will result in treatment a mean of 7 years before clinical symptoms occur and only one in four men anticipated to develop prostate cancer will die from the disease within 15 years. Large randomized screening trials seem mandatory to further explore the benefits and hazards of PSA screening.
Oligonucleotide-Mediated Inhibition of Genomic RNA Dimerization of HIV-1 Strains MAL and LAI: A Comparative Analysis (1998)

An essential step in the replication cycle of retroviruses is the dimerization of two copies of the genomic RNA. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that dimerization is mediated at least partially by RNA-RNA interactions. In HIV-1, the cis-element most important for dimerization is the dimerization initiation site (DIS), a stem-loop structure with an autocomplementary loop located between the primer binding site and the splice donor site in the 5' leader region of genomic RNA. We have studied the inhibition of dimerization of RNA corresponding to the first 615 nt of HIV-1 strains MAL and LAI in vitro using RNA and DNA oligonucleotides. The oligonucleotides were identical to or complementary to the DIS of the MAL and LAI strains, which are representative of the two most common DIS motifs found in natural isolates. The loop sequence of the DIS of the MAL isolate is AGGUGCACA, and that of the LAI sequence is AAGCGCGCA (the autocomplementary sequences are GUGCAC and GCGCGC, respectively). Several of the oligonucleotides were very efficient inhibitors of dimerization. However, homologous oligonucleotides displayed vastly different inhibition efficiencies between the two strains despite relatively modest sequence differences. Some of the oligonucleotides bound the viral RNA via a loop-loop interaction alone, whereas others recruited stem nucleotides to form an extended duplex even in the absence of loop complementarity. Furthermore, oligonucleotide inhibition was ineffective at low temperature, suggesting that a conformational change in the DIS is necessary for disruption of the dimeric structure of the DIS or binding of oligonucleotide or both.
Combining unsupervised lexical knowledge methods for word sense disambiguation (1997)

This paper presents a method to combine a set of unsupervised algorithms that can accurately disambiguate word senses in a large, completely untagged corpus. Although most of the techniques for word sense resolution have been presented as stand-alone, it is our belief that full-fledged lexical ambiguity resolution should combine several information sources and techniques. The set of techniques have been applied in a combined way to disambiguate the genus terms of two machine-readable dictionaries (MRD), enabling us to construct complete taxonomies for Spanish and French. Texted accuracy is above 80% overall and 95% for two-way ambiguous genus terms, showing that texonomy building is not limited to structured dictionaries such as LDOCE.
Towards Action Track 3.0: The Role of Usefulness, Usability, and User Experience in a Startup Company Developing Location-Based Applications (2015)

This paper discusses the role of usefulness, usability, and user experience in a startup company focusing on location-based applications. In just three years, the emphasis of design moved from usefulness to UX, resulting in opening new market segments, getting several new licensees, and learning quite a lot along the way. The learning process is discussed by the means of Action Track, a versatile but user-friendly authoring tool for developing location-based activities.
Surgical Treatment of a Displaced Lateral Malleolus Fracture: The Antiglide Technique Versus Lateral Plate Fixation (2002)

The outcome of the surgical management of a displaced lateral malleolus fracture is comparable with both techniques. Although few studies have reported some advantages using the antiglide technique, our data do not support one technique over the other.
Inferring community dynamics of organohalide-respiring bacteria in chemostats by covariance of<i>rdhA</i>gene abundance (2013)

We have developed a novel approach to identifying and quantifying closely related organohalide-respiring bacteria. Our approach made use of the unique genomic associations of specific reductive dehalogenase subunit A encoding genes (rdhA) that exist in known strains of Dehalococcoides mccartyi and Desulfitobacterium and the distinguishing covariance pattern of observed rdhA genes to assign genes to unknown strains. To test this approach, we operated five anaerobic reductively dechlorinating chemostats for 3-4 years with tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene as terminal electron acceptors and lactate/formate as electron donors. The presence and abundance of rdhA genes were determined comprehensively at the community level using a custom-developed Reductive Dehalogenase Chip (RDH Chip) DNA microarray and used to define putative strains of Dehalococcoides mccartyi and Desulfitobacterium sp. This monitoring revealed that stable chemical performance of chemostats was reflected by a stable community of reductively dechlorinating bacteria. However, perturbations introduced by, for example, electron donor limitation or addition of the competing electron acceptor sulfate led to overall changes in the chemostat performance, including incomplete reduction in the chloroethene substrates, and in the population composition of reductively dehalogenating bacteria. Interestingly, there was a high diversity of operationally defined D. mccartyi strains between the chemostats with almost all strains unique to their specific chemostats in spite of similar selective pressure and similar inocula shared between chemostats.
Traumatic brain injury: A case-based review (2013)

Much is still unknown about the management of traumatic brain injury. The current practice guidelines have not yet been sufficiently validated, however equipoise is a major issue when conducting randomized control trials among patients with traumatic brain injury.
A new polyinstantiation integrity constraint for multilevel relations (2002)

A new polyinstantiation integrity constraint for multilevel relations based on the intuitive idea that every entity in a relation can have at most one tuple for every access class is proposed. The consequences of this property and some of its variations are discussed. A core set of properties which should apply to all relations is identified. These are entity integrity, interinstance integrity, subsumption integrity, and polyinstantiation integrity in the sense of PI-FD. Specific models impose additional polyinstantiation constraints. Oakland requires PI-null, Sea View requires PI-MVD, and the new Franconia model requires PI-Tuple-class. Each of these properties appears likely to arise often enough in practice to justify DBMS (database management system) support for its enforcement on a relation-by-relation basis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Fetal Antigen Associated with Human Neoplasia (1972)

The serum of eight of 1518 patients with cancer contained precipitating antibody defining a new antigen associated with human neoplasia. The antigen has been named γ-fetoprotein (γFP) because of its electrophoretic mobility and its occurrence in the serum and some tissues of the normal fetus. γFP antigen was present in 75 per cent (169 of 225) of a wide variety of benign and malignant human tumors, the serum of 11 per cent (23 of 210) of patients with cancer and two of 101 specimens of non-neoplastic diseased tissue (inflammatory intestinal lesions from two elderly patients). It was not present in any normal human tissue or in adult human serum. Fetal serum of four of six other mammalian species were γFP positive, but curiously enough, no tumors of the animals were γFP positive. The γFP system is serologically distinct from other known immunoprecipitin systems, including the α1-fetoprotein system of hepatomas and the carcinoembryonic antigen of human intestinal carcinoma.
Configurable algorithms for complete exchange in 2D meshes (2000)

The interprocessor complete exchange communication pattern can be found in many important parallel algorithms. In this paper, we present algorithms for complete exchange on 2D mesh-connected multiprocessors. The unique feature of the proposed algorithms is that they are configurable where the time for message startups can be traded against larger message sizes. At one extreme, the algorithm minimizes the number of message startups at the expense of an increased amount of time spent in message transmission. At the other extreme, the time spent in message transmission is reduced at the expense of an increased number of message startups. The structure of the algorithms is such that intermediate solutions are feasible, i.e., the number of message startups can be increased slightly and the message transmission time is correspondingly reduced. The ability to configure these algorithms enables the algorithm characteristics to be matched with machine characteristics based on specific overheads for message initiation and link speeds to minimize overall execution time. In effect, the algorithms can be configured to strike the right balance between direct and message combining approaches on a specific architecture for a given problem size. We believe these algorithms are distinguished by this ability and contribute to efficient portable implementations of complete exchange algorithms.
<title>Recognition of partially occluded objects using macro features</title> (1993)

Objects that are partially visible in an image may be recognized by detecting a number of salient local object features that conform to a set of relative location constraints. Such vision systems contain two main computational components; a feature extraction mechanism and a matching strategy that relates sets of features and their locations to object classes. The macro feature approach represents an object by a small number of complex features; the objectives are to provide very robust feature extraction and to simplify the feature matching stage by minimizing the number of detected features. Described here is a macro feature vision system that uses the Generalized Hough Transform on significant regions of the object surface for local feature detection. The results of using this system to detect objects in multi-object images with partial occlusion are presented.
Linear polymers of some vinyl monomers containing a terminal acetylenic group (1967)

Abstract The synthesis and polymerization of representative acrylic‐type esters containing a terminal acetylene group, CH 2 C(R)COO(CHR′) m CCH, where R and R′ are H and CH 3 and m = 1 or 2, by anionic initiation to linear polymers are described. In contrast, crosslinked polymers were formed when radical and cationic initiators were used. Crosslinked polymers were also obtained with organolithium compounds but not with sodium naphthalene and sodium benzalaniline; this observation is discussed and compared to the behavior of the acetylenic acrylic esters which do not contain a terminal acetylenic hydrogen. The unpolymerized acetylenic bonds in the resulting linear polymers were shown to be present by infrared spectroscopic methods and by the following post‐reactions of these bonds: ( 1 ) the heat‐ and radical‐initiated crosslinking of the polymers through the acetylenic bonds; ( 2 ) the post‐bromination of the acetylenic bonds; and ( 3 ) the reaction of decaborane with the acetylenic bonds. The anionic copolymerization of acrylonitrile and styrene with these acetylenic monomers were performed and compared to the copolymerizations with 1‐acryloxy‐2‐butyne and 1‐methacryloxy‐2‐butyne. Dibromination of the linear polymers affords self‐extinguishing polymers, while decaboronation yields soluble polymers which do not soften up to 300°C. The linear polymers may be classified as “self‐reactive” polymers which yield thermosetting polymers.
Small-Scale Temperature Fluctuations in Perfused Tissue During Local Hyperthermia (1986)

We develop analytical expressions (scaling laws) for the local temperature fluctuations near isolated and countercurrent blood vessels during hyperthermia. These scaling laws relate the magnitude of such fluctuations to the size of the heated region and to the thermal equilibration length of the vessels. A new equilibration length is identified for countercurrent vessels. Significant temperature differences are predicted between the vessels and the immediately adjacent tissue when the equilibration length is comparable to or longer than the size of the heated tissue region. Countercurrent vessels are shown to have shorter equilibration lengths and produce smaller temperature fluctuations than isolated vessels of the same size.