gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A microfabricated microfluidic bioMEMS device to model human brain aneurisms: the aneurysm-on-a-chip (2015)

Aneurysms are pockets of blood that collect outside blood vessel walls forming dilatations and leaving arterial walls very prone to rupture. There is little information concerning the causes of intracranial aneurysm formation, growth, and rupture. Current treatments include: (1) clipping, and (2) coil embolization, including stent-assisted coiling. Further, the evolution of any aneurysm is assumed to be caused by the remodeling of the affected blood vessel’s material constituents (tunica intima, tunica media, or tunica adventitia). Velocity, pressure, and wall shear stresses aid in the disease development of aneurysmal growth, while the shear force mechanisms effecting wound closure are elusive. To study aneurysm pathogenesis, a lab-on-a-chip device is the key to discovering the underlying mechanisms of these lesions. A two-dimensional microfluidic model, the Aneurysm-on-a-Chip™ (AOC), was the logical answer to study particle flow within an aneurysm “sac”. The AOC apparatus can track particles/cells when it is coupled to particle image velocimetry software (PIV) package. The AOC fluid flow was visualized using standard microscopy techniques with commercial microparticles and human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC). Images were taken during fluid flow experiments and PIV was utilized to monitor the flow of particles within the “sac” region, as well as particles entering and exiting the device. Quiver plots were generated from fluid flow experiments using standard 7 μm latex particles and fixed HASMC in PBS. PIV analysis shows that the particles flowed nicely from input to output. Wall shear stress provided evidence that there was some back flow at the edges of the “sac” – an indicator of aneurysm development in human patients.
A Simple, Cost-effective Synthesis of Industrially Important Long Chain Primary Alcohols (2017)

The hydroboration oxidation of high molecular weight -olefins (C 18 -C 30+ ) with sodium malonyloxyborohydride (SMB) to generate the corresponding primary alcohols is described. -Olefins undergo hydroboration upon treatment with sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) and malonic acid, methyl malonic acid, dimethyl malonic acid or ethyl malonic acid, and a straightforward oxidation of these alkyl boranes yields the anti-Markovnikov primary alcohols. Following recrystallization in n-hexane, n-octane, n-decane or ndodecane, the target alcohols were isolated in high purity (>99%). The use of SMB and its derivatives will allow synthesis of larger (C 18 -C 30+ ) primary alcohols on an industrial scale without the costs and hazards of current methods.
Sequential addition of 2-potassio-2-nitropropane and oxygen to 4-arylidene-oxazol-5-ones: a new method for 2-aryl butenoic acid imides (1991)

The regiospecific addition of 2-potassio-2-nitropropane to the 4-arylidene-oxazol-5-ones followed by oxygenation led to 2-arylbutenoic acid imides, the key intermediate for several pharmacodynamic compounds in high yields.
Detection of human somatic cell structural gene mutations by two‐dimensional electrophoresis (1987)

The feasibility of detecting human somatic structural gene mutations by two dimensional electrophoresis has been investigated. A lymphoblastoid cell line was grown as a mass culture in the presence of ethylnitrosourea, after which cells were regrown as single cell clones. A total of 257 polypeptide spots were analyzed in gels derived from 186 clones. Four structural mutations were detected by visual analysis of the gels. Computer analysis of gels corresponding to the mutant clones was also undertaken. At a spot size threshold of 200 spots to be matched using a computer algorithm, all four mutant polypeptides were detected. These results indicate the usefulness of the two-dimensional approach for mutagenesis studies at the protein level.
Mechanical and Water Vapor Transmission Properties of Polysaccharide Films (1996)

The film-forming properties of chitosan, chitosan glutamate, sodium alginate, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were investigated. Films were produced by a casting/solvent evaporation method from plasticizer-free and plasticizer-containing aqueous solutions. The water vapor transmission and mechanical properties (puncture strength and % elongation) of the films were investigated as a function of the polymer type and viscosity, plasticizer type (glycerin, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, triethyl citrate), plasticizer concentration, and type and concentration of acid used to dissolve chitosan. The effect of storage humidity was also examined. Glycerin and water were good plasticizers for chitosan glutamate. The chitosan film properties were dependent on the type and concentration of acid used to dissolve it, citric acid being a good plasticizer. The mechanical and water vapor transmission properties of alginate and HPMC films were less influenced by the investigated variables.
Bioadhesive Food Protein Nanoparticles as Pediatric Oral Drug Delivery System (2019)

The goal of this study was to develop bioadhesive food protein nanoparticles using zein (Z), a hydrophobic corn protein, as the core and whey protein (WP) as the shell for oral pediatric drug delivery applications. Lopinavir (LPV), an antiretroviral drug, and fenretinide, an investigational anticancer agent, were used as model drugs in the study. The particle size of ZWP nanoparticles was in the range of 200-250 nm, and the drug encapsulation efficiency was >70%. The nanoparticles showed sustained drug release in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. ZWP nanoparticles enhanced the permeability of LPV and fenretinide across Caco-2 cell monolayers. In both ex vivo and in vivo studies, ZWP nanoparticles were found to be strongly bioadhesive. ZWP nanoparticles enhanced the oral bioavailability of LPV and fenretinide by 4 and 7-fold, respectively. ZWP nanoparticles also significantly increased the half-life of both drugs. The nanoparticles did not show any immunogenicity in mice. Overall, the study demonstrates the feasibility of developing safe and effective food protein-based nanoparticles for pediatric oral drug delivery.
Nouveaux agents antiviraux : oligodeoxyribonucleotides lies a des transporteurs glycosyles (1991)

Dans le but de cibler des oligonucleotides antisens diriges contre des genes du virus de l'immunodeficience humaine (vih) vers les monocytes et les macrophages, nous avons realise des conjugues oligonucleotide-serum albumine mannosylee (man-bsa) ou 6-phosphomannosylee (m6p-bsa) specifiquement reconnus et endocytes par les lectines de ces cellules. Des oligomeres resistants (alpha t#1#2) vis-a-vis des degradations enzymatiques et des oligonucleotides 19 meres beta d(#5aagctttatgaggcttaa#3) antisens complementaires de la region (+64, +63) des ltrs du vih ont ete realises. Ces sequences ont du etre modifiees sur l'extremite 3 par une fonction thiol, permettant leur attachement sur les transporteurs glycosyles, et marquees en position 5 par la fluoresceine ou la tyramine radioiodee. Differents conjugues oligonucleotide-neoglycoproteine (man-sab et m6p-sab) ont ete obtenus par couplage via un pont disulfure de ces oligomeres sur les proteines. D'autre part, des oligomeres portant un residu biotine en position 3 ont ete prepares et complexes avec la streptavidine mannosylee. L'etude de l'internalisation des oligonucleotides libres ou conjugues a ete realisee en cytometrie en flux, microscopie confocale et fractionnement cellulaire. Les resultats montrent que les oligomeres transportes par la man-sab, la m6p-sab ou le streptavidine mannosylee sont reconnus par les lectines membranaires de cellules du type macrophage et internalises selon un processus d'endocytose mediee par ces recepteurs. Le ciblage des oligonucleotides par les transporteurs glycosyles permet d'augmenter d'un facteur 10 a 20 la quantite d'oligonucleotide internalisee par les cellules et conduit a une concentration intracellulaire en oligomere 5 a 6 fois superieure a celle du milieu exterieur. Des experiences de pharmacocinetique sur la souris montrent que les transporteurs mannosyles ou 6-phosphomannosyles assurent le transport des oligonucleotides preferentiellement vers le foie, la rate et les poumons qui sont des organes riches en macrophages
Sympathetic activity is related to blood pressure in the very high and low ranges (2005)

We have previously demonstrated that awareness of hypertension may increase blood pressure (BP), plasma catecholamines and stress responses, thereby being a confounding factor. In the present study, we wanted to test whether resting BP, both in the very high and low ranges, is related to indices of sympathetic activity in young men totally unaware of their BP status. 43 healthy, young men were selected from the 1st (Group 1, 106/52 ± 2/2 (±SEM), n=15), 50th (Group 2, 129/79 ± 2/1, n=15) and 99th (Group 3, 166/97 ± 3/1, n=13) percentile of a BP screening. They were studied with intra-arterial BP, heart rate (HR) and catecholamine responses to a mental arithmetic stress test (MST), cold pressor test (CPT) and orthostatic test (ORT).
Oligonucleotide inhibitor of proteii of interferon-treated chick embryo with the mouse low molecular weig (mechanism of interferon action/double-stranded RNA/avian ce (2016)

Cytoplasmic extracts of interferon-treated primary chick embryo cells contain an enzyme activity that synthesized an inhibitor of chick cell-free protein synthesis. The same activity was detected in extracts of cells treated with mock preparations of interferon, but at <0.3% of the level found in interferon-treated cell extracts. The enzyme was activated by double-stranded RNA and could be isolated by binding to col- umns of poly(I).poly(C)agarose. In the column-bound state, the enzyme reacted with ATP to synthesize the inhibitor, which could then be continuously eluted from the column. The in- hibitor was purified and its structure and function were com- pared with those of the low molecular weight inhibitor of pro- tein synthesis made by an enzyme from interferon-treated mouse L cells. The avian and mammalian inhibitors comigrated on thin layers of polyethyleneimine-cellulose during chroma- tography in three different solvent systems, and they coeluted as a series of peaks from columns of DEAE-cellulose during sodium chloride gradient elution. Digestion with bacterial al- kaline phosphatase or snake venom phosphodiesterase yielded products that similarly comigrated. Functionally, the two in- hibitors were interchangeable: both inhibited protein synthesis in extracts of mammalian and avian cells, producing 50% in- hibition at a concentration of about 0.3 nM (AMP equivalents). We conclude that the chick cell-derived oligonucleotide inhib- itor has a structure that is closely related or identical to that of the inhibitor made in the mouse system, and that both prepa- rations inhibit cell-free protein synthesis in a non-species-spe- cific manner.
Comprehensive management of patients with type 2 diabetes: establishing priorities of care. (2001)

Type 2 diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and a marked increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The increased CVD risk is caused by a unique cluster of metabolic abnormalities, including dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia. To reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes, comprehensive management of risk factors is essential. Aggressive treatment of dyslipidemia and hypertension is known to benefit patients with type 2 diabetes. In addition, intensive glycemic control and targeted treatment of insulin resistance can further reduce the enormous burden of CVD in this high-risk population. Increasing evidence suggests that insulin resistance is one of the earliest markers of risk for both CVD and diabetes, and it is known that insulin resistance alone can significantly increase the risk of CVD. Type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance are both associated with disordered lipid metabolism, manifest in elevated triglyceride levels, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and small, dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol particles. Patients with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance have an increased risk of hypertension, which further contributes to their CVD risk. Each of these factors can also contribute to the risk of microvascular disease. To ensure that patients with type 2 diabetes receive comprehensive, high-quality care, specific standards have been developed. These standards can help providers establish clear treatment targets, identify specific priorities of care, and use therapies of known efficacy to reduce the risk of complications. This review summarizes the current standards of care for patients with type 2 diabetes, with an emphasis on treatments that reduce the cardiovascular risk factors. Using a case study approach, it reviews the essential components of diabetes care and proposes a rational approach to these complex cases--an approach that should result in consistent, high-quality care.
Engineering Nanostructures for Single‐Molecule Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2006)

Abstract Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), an effect discovered in the 1970s and studied systematically in the 1980s, received a significant “second wind” with the report (primarily by Nie and by Kneipp) of enhancements large enough to allow the Raman spectrum of single molecules to be obtained. It is now understood that this occurs as a result of the extremely high electromagnetic fields that can exist at appropriately configured gaps and interstices between nanoparticles and other nanostructures composed of suitable materials (such as silver). With this insight one is now in a position to fabricate structures that will dependably and repeatably produce single‐molecule SERS. We describe three such strategies: using molecular linkers to self‐assemble silver clusters possessing the correct geometry; fabricating nanowire rafts in which the gaps between nanowires are “hot”; and structuring the interior of nanopores so as to produce finely‐architectured nanostructured arrays.
820. Some physicochemical properties of large aromatic molecules (1960)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Taxinine M, a New Tetracyclic Taxane from Taxus brevifolia (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTaxinine M, a New Tetracyclic Taxane from Taxus brevifoliaJohn A. Beutler, Gwendolyn M. Chmurny, Sally A. Look, and Keith M. WitherupCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1991, 54, 3, 893–897Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50075a028https://doi.org/10.1021/np50075a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views176Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of Fatty Acids in Crenarchaeota by GC-MS and NMR (2015)

Lipids composed of condensed isoprenyl units connected to glycerol backbones by ether linkages are a distinguishing feature of Archaea. Data suggesting that fatty acids with linear hydrocarbon chains are present in some Archaea have been available for decades. However, lack of genomic and biochemical evidence for the metabolic machinery required to synthesize and degrade fatty acids has left the field unclear on this potentially significant biochemical aspect. Because lipids are energy currency and cell signaling molecules, their presence in Archaea is significant for understanding archaeal biology. A recent large-scale bioinformatics analysis reignited the debate as to the importance of fatty acids in Archaea by presenting genetic evidence for the presence of enzymes required for anabolic and catabolic fatty acid metabolism across the archaeal domain. Here, we present direct biochemical evidence from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for the presence of fatty acids in two members of the Crenarchaeota, Sulfolobus solfataricus and Ignicoccus hospitalis. This is the first report providing biochemical data for the existence of fatty acids in these Crenarchaeota, opening new discussions on energy balance and the potential for the discovery of new thermostable enzymes for industry.
Commuted Piano Synthesis (1995)

The #commuted piano synthesis&quot; algorithm is described, based on a simpli#ed acoustic model of the piano. The model includes multiple coupled strings, a nonlinear hammer, and an arbitrarily large soundboard and enclosure. Simpli#cations are employed which greatly reduce computational complexity. Most of the simpli#cations are made possible by the commutativity of linear, time-invariant systems. Special care is given to the felt-covered hammer which is highly nonlinear and therefore does not commute with other components. In its present form, a complete, two-key piano can be synthesized in real time on a single 25MHz Motorola DSP56001 signal processing chip.
Effective Load Balancing on a LAN-WLAN Cluster ∗ (2003)

Fixed networks of computers constitute the lowest cost as well as the most available parallel computer, however the proliferation of wireless devices allows to expand the parallel virtual machine. These clusters are composite by resources with different performances and also are connected by communication links with different bandwidth, such as Fast-Ethernet, Standard Ethernet and Standard IEEE 802.11. Execution of a parallel application in these environments without keeping in mind the above considerations can imply that some nodes with least performance can be overhead, while other can be in an idle. state. Therefore, in order to avoid this situation, it is necessary to apply some scheme of load balancing In this paper we present a new dynamic load balancing strategy for LAN-WLAN clusters.
Physiologic Alterations in the Murine Model after Nasal Fungal Antigenic Exposure (2008)

Alteration in baseline CBF accompanied by increased expression of specific inflammatory cytokines was observed in aspergillus-challenged mice.
The SCEC/USGS Dynamic Earthquake Rupture Code Verification Exercise (2009)

Numerical simulations of earthquake rupture dynamics are now common, yet it has been difficult to test the validity of thesesimulations because there have been few field observations and no analytic solutions with which to compare the results. This paper describes the Southern California Earthquake Center/U.S. Geological Surve(SCEC/USGS) Dynamic Earthquake Rupture Code Verification Exercise, where codes that simulate spontaneous rupture dynamics in three dimensions are evaluated and the results produced by these codes are compared using Web-based tools. This is the first time that a broad and rigorous examination of numerous spontaneous rupture codes has been performed—a significant advance in this science. The automated process developed to attain this achievement provides for a future where testing of codes is easily accomplished. \n\nScientists who use computer simulations to understand earthquakes utilize a range of techniques. Most of these assume that earthquakes are caused by slip at depth on faults in the Earth, but hereafter the strategies vary. Among the methods used in earthquake mechanics studies are kinematic approaches and dynamic approaches. \n \nThe kinematic approach uses a computer code that prescribes the spatial and temporal evolution of slip on the causative fault (or faults). These types of simulations are very helpful, especially since they can be used in seismic data inversions to relate the ground motions recorded in the field to slip on the fault(s) at depth. However, these kinematic solutions generally provide no insight into the physics driving the fault slip or information about why the involved fault(s) slipped that much (or that little). In other words, these kinematic solutions may lack information about the physical dynamics of earthquake rupture that will be most helpful in forecasting future events. \n\nTo help address this issue, some researchers use computer codes to numerically simulate earthquakes and construct dynamic, spontaneous rupture (hereafter called “spontaneous rupture”) solutions. For these types of numerical simulations, rather than prescribing the slip function at each location on the fault(s), just the friction constitutive properties and initial stress conditions are prescribed. The subsequent stresses and fault slip spontaneously evolve over time as part of the elasto-dynamic solution. Therefore, spontaneous rupture computer simulations of earthquakes allow us to include everything that we know, or think that we know, about earthquake dynamics and to test these ideas against earthquake observations.
Proteins as data storage devices: insights from computer models (2006)

The ability to use charge transporting proteins such as bacteriorhodopsin in the building of data storage and transmission devices for use in computer technology is explored. Designs of mutants that lead to proteins that are more stable thermally and more efficient at data processing requires knowledge of the elctrostatics/dynamics of the molecules. We find that both the motions and the electrostatics are strongly effected when the influence of neighbouring molecules in the assembly are included, underscoring the importance of inclusion of the assemblies explicitly in computer models.
Twin interaction and large magnetoelasticity in Ni-Mn-Ga single crystals (2011)

We demonstrate experimentally the existence of triple twins in Ni-Mn-Ga magnetic shape memory single crystals with a modulated five-layered martensite structure using optical observations andx-ray diffraction. Subsequently, we investigate the response of the crystals with triple-twin segments to compressive loading up to several MPa. Such loading typically resulted in an abrupt rearrangement of the twin microstructure to a configuration with many fine twins (1–10 µm in size) ending at a twin boundary. This type of twin microstructure exhibited recoverable deformation with up to 0.3% macroscopic strain and an estimated 2.5% local strain, while the recoverable strain was much smaller for other studied microstructure configurations. The results indicate that by the creation of a suitable twin microstructure, the originally pseudoplastic or magnetoplastic material can be made rubberlike elastic or magnetoelastic with the macroscopic recoverable strain comparable to 2.5%.
Spatially constrained output injection for state estimation with banded closed-loop dynamics (2006)

This paper presents an extension of the Kalman filter that uses specific subset of the measurement to directly update only a specific subset of the state estimates rather than the entire state estimate. The ability to perform selective output injection allows us to structure the estimator gain so that the close-loop dynamics is banded. The one-step and the two-step forms of this filter are generally not equivalent. In future work, we plant to consider the problem of determining the exact conditions that guarantee the existence of a steady state covariance for linear time-invariant dynamics