gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeted Degradation of KRAS by an Engineered Ubiquitin Ligase Suppresses Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2013)

KRAS is an attractive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) therapeutic target. E3 ligase is thought to be the component of the ubiquitin conjugation system that is directly responsible for substrate recognition. In this study, an engineered E3 ubiquitin ligase (RC-U) was generated to target the KRAS oncoprotein for ubiquitination and degradation. The engineered E3 ubiquitin ligases (RC-U) were constructed (pRC-U and lentivirus-expressing RC-U). After transfecting the pRC-U plasmid into human pancreatic cancer cells, KRAS expression levels were determined. KRAS expression was also evaluated in cells transfected with pRC-U and treated with MG-132 or cycloheximide. Interactions between RC-U and KRAS as well as whether RC-U could ubiquitinate KRAS were investigated. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphorylated ERK 1/2 (pERK1/2) levels were examined in pancreatic cancer cells transfected with pRC-U. The effects of RC-U on pancreatic cancer cell growth were assessed. RC-U decreased KRAS protein levels. After pRC-U transfection, KRAS stability was increased in the presence of MG-132. HEK 293T cells were transfected with a mutant KRAS construct together with pRC-U and incubated with cycloheximide to inhibit new protein synthesis. The exogenous mutant KRAS oncoprotein was degraded more quickly. RC-U can bind KRAS and KRAS can be ubiquitinated by RC-U. pERK1/2 protein levels were decreased. RC-U resulted in reduced cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. KRAS destruction by RC-U occurred through a ubiquitin-dependent, proteasome-mediated degradation pathway. RC-U inhibited pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo.
16-bit segmented type current steering DAC for video applications (2006)

In this paper, 16-bit, 50 MHz current steering DAC is designed. This DAC is implemented using TSMC 0.35 /spl mu/m technology. An optimum segmentation is done of 16-bits into binary and thermometric bits. The integral nonlinearity (INL) and differential nonlinearity (DNL) is less than 0.3 LSB and 0.1 LSB respectively. It occupies only 0.06 mm area. The average total power consumption is 165 mW. A novel technique has been applied to reduce the glitch energy. The design is implemented with the matching requirements, required for current sources.
Beneficial Effect of Rutin on Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemia and Renal Dysfunction in Mice (2013)

Rutin exerted its hypouricemic action and renal function improvement by the regulation of renal organic ion transporters.
Liver and spleen as venous reservoirs (1963)

The diameter of the liver and spleen was measured in 37 intact unanesthetized dogs. Fright always produced vigorous contraction of the spleen but no appreciable change in the liver. Running on a treadmill caused splenic contraction in only one-half the instances. The liver usually got larger or did not change with exercise. Epinephrine caused prompt contraction of the spleen and a variable response of the liver with no change in over one-half the trials. Several other drugs produced splenic contraction, apparently through reduction of blood pressure. Hemorrhage invariably produced splenic contraction, with average volume changes of 8% of the total blood volume. Hemorrhage caused a gradual decrease in liver size in only one-half the animals. Hypoxia caused extremely vigorous contractions of the spleen, usually accompanied by an increase in liver size. In short, in the dog the spleen is a precisely regulated reservoir, but the liver is not. However, vigorous exercise may be initiated and maintained without contributions from either organ.
Multiple Molecular Forms of Chorismate Mutase in Bacillus subtillis<sup>*</sup> (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultiple Molecular Forms of Chorismate Mutase in Bacillus subtillis*Janet H. Lorence and Eugene W. NesterCite this: Biochemistry 1967, 6, 5, 1541–1553Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00857a041https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00857a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Real-Time Business Intelligence in Multi-Agent Adaptive Supply Networks (2005)

The increasing speed and complexity of inter-organisational communication in supply networks requires effective automation. Multi-agent systems have been proposed as a possible solution. However, the information needs of the agent, particularly in responding to any variation from the norm, are similar to a human in the same position. This paper reviews the concepts of business intelligence (BI) and real-time enterprises (RTE) and looks at the need for BI in dynamic information management. A multi-agent framework is described and case-based reasoning investigated as a reasoning paradigm capable of responding to the need for business intelligence. A CBR approach is proposed with key performance indicators defining the case problem and BI operations the case solution.
Role of orbitofrontal cortex in incubation of oxycodone craving in male rats (2020)

One of the main challenges in treating opioid-use disorders is relapse during abstinence, triggered by re-exposure to drug-associated cues. Previous studies have demonstrated that drug-seeking in rats progressively increases over time during withdrawal (incubation of drug craving). Here, we used male rats and examined neural mechanisms underlying incubation of craving to oxycodone, a commonly abused prescription opioid, and we focused on orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), a brain region previously implicated in incubation of heroin craving. We first used neuronal activity marker Fos and measured neuronal activation in OFC (ventral and lateral OFC) associated with day-1 and day-15 relapse tests. Next, we determined the effect of pharmacological reversible inactivation of OFC on incubated oxycodone seeking on withdrawal day 15. Finally, we determined the effect of reversible inactivation of OFC on nonincubated oxycodone seeking on withdrawal day 1. We found that lever presses during relapse tests were higher on withdrawal day 15 than on withdrawal day 1 (incubation of oxycodone craving). Incubation of oxycodone craving is accompanied with a time-dependent increase of Fos protein expression in both ventral and lateral OFC. Lastly, OFC inactivation decreased oxycodone seeking on withdrawal day 15 but had no effect on withdrawal day 1. Together with the previous heroin study, results here show that OFC plays a critical role in incubation of opioid craving.
Endometrial stem cell transplantation restores dopamine production in a Parkinson’s disease model (2010)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Adult human endometrial derived stem cells (HEDSC), a readily obtainable type of mesenchymal stem-like cell, were used to generate dopaminergic cells and for transplantation. Cells expressing CD90, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-Rβ and CD146 but not CD45 or CD31 were differentiated in vitro into dopaminergic neurons that exhibited axon projections, pyramidal cell bodies and dendritic projections that recapitulate synapse formation; these cells also expressed the neural marker nestin and tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis. Whole cell patch clamp recording identified G-protein coupled inwardly rectifying potassium current 2 channels characteristic of central neurons. A 1-methyl 4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro pyridine induced animal model of PD was used to demonstrate the ability of labelled HEDSC to engraft, migrate to the site of lesion, differentiate in vivo and significantly increase striatal dopamine and dopamine metabolite concentrations. HEDSC are a highly inducible source of allogenic stem cells that rescue dopamine concentrations in an immunocompetent PD mouse model.
Neural Machine Translation With GRU-Gated Attention Model (2020)

Neural machine translation (NMT) heavily relies on context vectors generated by an attention network to predict target words. In practice, we observe that the context vectors for different target words are quite similar to one another and translations with such nondiscriminatory context vectors tend to be degenerative. We ascribe this similarity to the invariant source representations that lack dynamics across decoding steps. In this article, we propose a novel gated recurrent unit (GRU)-gated attention model (GAtt) for NMT. By updating the source representations with the previous decoder state via a GRU, GAtt enables translation-sensitive source representations that then contribute to discriminative context vectors. We further propose a variant of GAtt by swapping the input order of the source representations and the previous decoder state to the GRU. Experiments on the NIST Chinese-English, WMT14 English-German, and WMT17 English-German translation tasks show that the two GAtt models achieve significant improvements over the vanilla attention-based NMT. Further analyses on the attention weights and context vectors demonstrate the effectiveness of GAtt in enhancing the discriminating capacity of representations and handling the challenging issue of overtranslation.
Interaction of Methylamine with Highly Siliceous MFI, FAU and FER‐type Zeolites (2005)

Abstract The adsorption of methylamine on highly siliceous MFI, FAU and FER‐type zeolites was investigated with XRD, FT‐IR, Raman, 13 C and 29 Si MAS NMR, and compared with the adsorption of methanol. As the adsorption of the amine, the relative intensity of XRD peaks of the zeolites has been changed significantly, the high‐resolution 29 Si MAS NMR peaks have been broadened and shifted to low field, and the resonance of SiOH groups has appeared. The vibration of NH has been shifted to low frequency and CN vibration moved to high frequency in the IR spectra, and the 13 C resonance peak broadened and shifted to high field for the adsorbed amine. The facts reveal an associating interaction between the perfect framework of the zeolites and the adsorbed methylamine with hydrogen bonds, leading to the formation of SiOH groups and the high desorption temperature of the methyl‐amine from the zeolites.
Multi-scale modelling of III-nitrides: from dislocations to the electronic structure (2008)

Gallium nitride and its alloys are direct band gap semiconductors with a wide variety of applications. Of particular importance are light emitting diodes and laser diodes. Due to the lack of suitable lattice-matched substrates, epitaxial layers contain a high density of defects such as dislocations. To reduce their number and to design a device with desired specifications, multilayered systems with varying composition (and thus material properties) are grown. Theoretical modelling is a useful tool for gaining understanding of various phenomena and materials properties. The scope of the present work is wide. It ranges from a continuum theory of dislocations treated within the linear elasticity theory, connects the continuum and atomistic level modelling for the case of the critical thickness of thin epitaxial layers, and covers some issues of simulating the electronic structure of III-nitride alloys by means of the first principle methods. The first part of this work discusses several topics involving dislocation theory. The objectives were: (i) to apply general elasticity approaches known from the literature to the specific case of wurtzite materials, (ii) to extend and summarise theoretical studies of the critical thickness in heteroepitaxy. Subsequently, (iii) to develop an improved geometrical model for threading dislocation density reduction during the growth of thick GaN films. The second part of this thesis employs first principles techniques (iv) to investigate the electronic structure of binary compounds (GaN, AlN, InN) and correlate these with experimentally available N K-edge electron energy loss near edge structure (ELNES) data, (v) to apply the special quasi-random structures method to ternary III-nitride wurtzite alloys aiming to develop a methodology for modelling wurtzite alloys and to get quantitative agreement with experimental N K-edge ELNES structures, and (vi) to theoretically study strain effects on ELNES spectra.
Evaluation of similarity measurement for image retrieval (2003)

Similarity measurement is one of the key issues in content based image retrieval (CBIR). In CBIR, images are represented as features in the database. Once the features are extracted from the indexed images, the retrieval becomes the measurement of similarity between the features. Many similarity measurements exist. A number of commonly used similarity measurements are described and evaluated in this paper. They are evaluated in a standard shape image database. Results show that city block distance and /spl chi//sup 2/ Statistics measure outperform other distance measure in terms of both retrieval accuracy and retrieval efficiency.
Improved Control Strategies of Electric Vehicles Charging Station based on Grid Tied PV/Battery System (2020)

In this paper, improved control strategies of a smart topology of EVs charging station (CS) based on grid tied PV/Battery system are designed and analyzed. The proposed strategies consist of three operating modes i.e. Pv2B; charging a battery storage buffer (BSB) of the CS from solar energy, V2G; discharging an EV battery via grid, and Pv2G; injecting the produced power from PV system into the energy distribution system. However, the BSB is connected to the PV system through a single ended primary inductor converter, the V2G operating mode is emulated by an EV lithium-ion battery tied to the grid via a high frequency full bridge inverter and a bidirectional dc/dc converter. The aim of this work is to improve the energy efficiency of the CS by using a hybrid energy system. Simulation studies are performed in Matlab/Simulink in order to operate the proposed solar CS with multiple control strategies of each case scenario based on a CS management algorithm (CSMA). To provide credible findings of this research, a low power prototype is developed in order to validate the proposed CSMA and its associated controls.
Studies on the mechanism of hepatic microsomal <i>N</i>-oxide formation. The role of cytochrome <i>P</i>-450 and mixed-function amine oxidase in the <i>N</i>-oxidation of <i>NN</i>-dimethylaniline (1977)

Evidence is established for the existence of alternative metabolic routes of N-oxidation of NN-dimethylaniline in rabbit liver microsomal fraction. One pathway involves the participation of two types of cytochrome P-450 with different sensitivities towards heat. Both types may represent distinct haemoprotein species or two physical forms of a single pigment. The other pathway is represented by the mixed-function amine oxidase. The enzyme lacks NADPH dehydrogenase activity and is insensitive to treatment with 2-bromo-4'-nitroacetophenone and steapsin: it catalyses N-oxidation of imipramine, trimethylamine and NN-dimethylaniline in molar proportions considerably different from those of the cytochrome P-450-supported reactions. Cytochrome P-450 is estimated to account for the formation of at least 50-60% of the total NN-dimethylaniline N-oxide formed in the intact rabbit liver microsomal fraction, the remainder arising from the action of the mixed-function amine oxidase.
Genetic engineering of non-native hosts for 1-butanol production and its challenges: a review (2020)

Non-native organisms have the potential to realize commercial production of 1- butanol from renewable resources. Future research should focus on substrate utilization, cofactor imbalance, and promoter selection to boost 1-butanol production in non-native hosts. Moreover, the application of robust genetic engineering approaches is required for metabolic engineering of microorganisms to make them industrially feasible for 1-butanol production.
Effect of tap spacing on the performance of direct-sequence spread-spectrum RAKE receiver (2000)

The effect of tap spacing on the performance of a RAKE receiver is analyzed analytically in a frequency-selective fading channel. A continuous time multipath fading channel model is used for the analysis, and the expression of the correlation between the desired signals, interference signals, and noise signals at the output of each branch of the RAKE receiver is derived for various chip waveforms. Since the noise components of each branch signal are correlated to each other, an optimum combining rule based on the maximum-likelihood criterion is derived to gain utmost performance. It is shown that the performance of the system can be improved by setting the tap spacing of the RARE receiver below the chip duration when the bandwidth of the transmitted signal is larger than the inverse of the chip duration. Also, it is shown that the normalized capacity of the system can be increased by using a chip waveform occupying wider bandwidth, which takes advantage of the increased diversity gain merits of a wide-band code-division multiple-access system at the same chip rate. It is noted that the derived combining rule gives diversity gain against the fading process as well as noise whitening processing gain against multiple-access interference at the same time.
Lung-Cancer Chemoprevention by Induction of Synthetic Lethality in Mutant <i>KRAS</i> Premalignant Cells <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2011)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women in the United States, with a low 5-year survival rate despite improved treatment strategies. These data underscore the great need for effective chemoprevention of this cancer. Mutations and activation of KRAS occur frequently in, and are thought to be a primary driver of the development of, non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) of the adenocarcinoma subtype. In this study, we developed a new approach for the chemoprevention of NSCLC involving specific targeting of apoptosis in mutant KRAS cells. This approach is based on a synthetic lethal interaction among TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase Smac/DIABLO (Smac), and KRAS. Mutational activation of KRAS modulated the expression of TRAIL receptors by upregulating death receptors and downregulating decoy receptors. Furthermore, oncogenic KRAS repressed cellular FADD-like interleukin 1β-converting enzyme (FLICE)-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) expression through activation of Erk/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated activation of c-Myc. Smac overcame KRAS-induced cell-survival signaling by antagonizing X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). Therefore, the combination of TRAIL and a small molecule mimic of Smac induced apoptosis specifically in mutant KRAS cells without harming normal cells. We further showed that short-term, intermittent in vivo treatment with TRAIL and Smac mimic induced apoptosis in tumor cells and reduced tumor burden in a murine model of KRAS-induced lung cancer. These results reflect the potential benefit of a selective therapeutic approach for the chemoprevention of NSCLC.
Superficial Liposuction Has a Steep Learning Curve and May Cause Uncorrectable Irregularities (1997)

Peter A. Vogt, MD, Minneapolis, MN , is a board-certified plastic surgeon and an ASAPS member.



The beauty of lipoplasty, and the reason that it was embraced so rapidly, is that it is very safe and reproducible. Most surgeons can learn to do lipoplasty well within a relatively short period of time. When Dr. Gasparotti first introduced the superficial approach 5 or 6 years ago, it created quite a stir because his preoperative and postoperative photos showed sensational results, especially in areas that were difficult to treat conventionally, such as the hip roll, banana roll, and lower back areas. However, many of us who do a great deal of liposuction found it very difficult to reproduce those same results in our operating rooms. Thus my main criticism of superficial liposuction is the difficulty in performing the procedure. The benefits in terms of body contouring are unquestionable; however, a long time is required to teach someone how to perform the technique skillfully.

> “Many of us who do a great deal of liposuction found it very difficult to reproduce those same results in our operating rooms.”

Dr. Gasparotti's procedure is based on the theory that …
THE INDUCTION OF THE POLLEN PLANTLETS OF TRITICALE AND CAPSICUM ANNUUM FROM ANTHER CULTURE (1973)

Anther culture for obtaining haploids is not only of practical value in breeding work but also of theoretical significance in basic biological seiences, such as genetics, cytology, embryology, etc. Hence, after Guba and Maheshwari (1966) reported the induced embryoids of Datura innoxia being the hybrids for the first time, their report has widely attracted the attention of the investigators front many countries. Until recently,about 20 species of plants have been induced to produce the haplods from anther culture[2-7].
On the Use of the Pearson Correlation Coefficient for Model Evaluation in Genome-Wide Prediction (2019)

The large number of markers in genome-wide prediction demands the use of methods with regularization and model comparison based on some hold-out test prediction error measure. In quantitative genetics, it is common practice to calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient (<i>r<sup>2</sup></i> ) as a standardized measure of the predictive accuracy of a model. Based on arguments from the bias-variance trade-off theory in statistical learning, we show that shrinkage of the regression coefficients (i.e., QTL effects) reduces the prediction mean squared error (MSE) by introducing model bias compared with the ordinary least squares method. We also show that the LASSO and the adaptive LASSO (ALASSO) can reduce the model bias and prediction MSE by adding model variance. In an application of ridge regression, the LASSO and ALASSO to a simulated example based on results for 9,723 SNPs and 3,226 individuals, the best model selected was with the LASSO when <i>r<sup>2</sup></i> was used as a measure. However, when model selection was based on test MSE and coefficient of determination <i>R<sup>2</sup></i> the ALASSO proved to be the best method. Hence, use of <i>r<sup>2</sup></i> may lead to selection of the wrong model and therefore also nonoptimal ranking of phenotype predictions and genomic breeding values. Instead, we propose use of the test MSE for model selection and <i>R<sup>2</sup></i> as a standardized measure of the accuracy.