gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Late bronchial obstructive reaction to experimental inhalation of house dust extract (1972)

Summary This study was undertaken to confirm the high incidence of the ‘late’ bronchial reaction after house dust inhalation and to assess whether symptoms and signs of these ‘late’ reactions were comparable with the clinical features of the classic Type III (Gell and Coombs) allergic reactions in the lung as shown by extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Although the time sequence of this late reaction is in agreement with the classic Type Ml reaction (Arthus phenomenon), other features of alveolitis are absent. There were no crepitations on physical examination, no fever, no leucocytes, no decrease of the PaO 2 , and no abnormal radiological findings. These results were related to the protective effects of some drugs. The protective effect of disodium cromoglycate and prednisolone is probably the same in both types of late reactions. The protective effect of antihistamine drugs, which is found in this late obstructive reaction, is, according to the literature, absent in the classical Type III reaction. There seem to be no valid arguments to ascribe the ‘late’ bronchial obstructive reaction to the toxic complex syndrome. Theoretical and practical implications of the late obstructive bronchial reaction are mentioned.
Learning to combine distances for complex representations (2007)

The k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm can be easily adapted to classify complex objects (e.g. sets, graphs) as long as a proper dissimilarity function is given over an input space. Both the representation of the learning instances and the dissimilarity employed on that representation should be determined on the basis of domain knowledge. However, even in the presence of domain knowledge, it can be far from obvious which complex representation should be used or which dissimilarity should be applied on the chosen representation. In this paper we present a framework that allows to combine different complex representations of a given learning problem and/or different dissimilarities defined on these representations. We build on ideas developed previously on metric learning for vectorial data. We demonstrate the utility of our method in domains in which the learning instances are represented as sets of vectors by learning how to combine different set distance measures.
Mutation analysis of the BRAF, ARAF and RAF-1 genes in human colorectal adenocarcinomas (2003)

Colorectal cancer is a multi-step process characterized by a sequence of genetic alterations in cell growth regulatory genes, such as the adenomatous polyposis coli, KRAS, p53 and DCC genes. In the present study mutation analysis was performed with SSCA/direct sequencing of the hot-spot regions in exons 11 and 15 for the BRAF gene and exons 1-2 for the KRAS gene in 130 primary colorectal cancer tumors and correlated with clinico-pathological and mutational data. We also performed mutation analysis of the corresponding conserved regions in the ARAF and RAF-1 genes. Mutations in the BRAF and KRAS genes were found in 11.5 and 40% of the tumors, respectively. One germline exonic and nine germline intronic genetic variants were found in the ARAF and RAF-1 genes. All of the BRAF mutations were located in the kinase domain of the conserved region 3 in exon 15 of the BRAF gene. One novel somatic mutation was also identified in the BRAF gene. The majority of the BRAF mutations were found in colon compared with rectal tumors (P = 0.014). In agreement with others, a statistically significant correlation between BRAF mutations and microsatellite instability could be found. A negative correlation was also evident between mutations in the BRAF and KRAS genes, which supports earlier studies where somatic mutations in these genes are mutually exclusive. Collectively, our results provide support for the idea that activation of the MAP kinase pathway, especially via BRAF and KRAS mutations, is of critical importance for the development of colorectal cancer.
Alternative treatments in the patient with intractable asthma (1997)

Various medications have been suggested as alternative therapy for oral corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma, due to the known adverse effects of oral corticosteroids. Examples of such medications include methotrexate, gold, cyclosporin A, hydroxychloroquine, and dapsone, all of which have a significant side-effect profile. Intravenous gammaglobulin therapy used as an immuno-modulator has little if any side-effects, but it is very costly. The antileukotrienes represent a safe class of medications that may be of particular benefit to certain subgroups of asthmatic patients. Antileukotrienes have become commercially available in other countries.
Costs of Advanced Treatment in Water Reclamation (2014)

The additional removal of trace organic contaminants (TOrCs) provided by advanced water and wastewater treatment inevitably requires additional financial costs, which must be estimated to support utility planning and compare alternatives. This study presents conceptual-level (Class 4) capital and annual operations and maintenance (O&M) cost curve equations to aid evaluations of advanced treatment trains for water reuse. The cost curve equations are broadly applicable to the water reuse community, particularly those interested in ozone-based treatment trains. Unit processes include microfiltration or ultrafiltration membranes (MF/UF), nanofiltration or reverse osmosis membranes (NF/RO), ozone (with or without hydrogen peroxide, H2O2), ultraviolet (UV) treatment with H2O2 (UV/H2O2), and biological activated carbon (BAC); all cost curves are for a unit process and can be added together to obtain costs for a combined treatment train. The cost curves indicate that at all plant capacities (1 to 500 MGD), membrane treatment (e.g., MF or RO) represents the highest cost unit process, ozone the least, and BAC or UV/H2O2 fall in between. Additionally, the relationship between ozone dose and TOrC removal is discussed with a demonstration of how costs change with increasing ozone dose to achieve desired TOrC destruction.
교차 터널공사에 따른 기존 터널의 거동 - 영국 히드로 공항 터널 사례 연구 (2001)

히드로공항에 신설되는 약 9m 직경의 3개의 터널공사에 따른 상부의 기존 쌍설터널 (Piccadilly Line: 런던지하철 노선)의 광범위한 계측자료에 근거하여 기존 터널의 거동이 분석되었다. 대상지반은 London clay로 이루어졌으며. 상부의 기존 터널과의 이격거리는 6.8m 제한되었다. Piccadilly Lkie은 직경 3.8m의 unbolted concrete expanded segmental lining(볼트제거식 팽창콘크리트 세그먼트 라이닝) 으로 시공되었다. 기존 터널에 내공변위계를 이용하여 상대변위 및 집중현상을 측정하였다. 중앙합류 터널은 NATM공법으로 시공되었으나 토사붕괴의 문제점으로 인해서 나머지 두개의 상하행선 터널은 쉴드공법이 적용되었다.
본 연구는 기존 터널의 침하, 회전, 왜곡에 대한 자료를 제시하고 그 결과를 분석하였다. 중앙합류 터널공사이후, 기존터널에서 최대30 mm의 침하가 관측되었으며 터널의 두 지점에서의 상대변위로 계산된 최대 회전 량은 4mm 계측되었다. 주목할만한 점으로는 터널공사 이후에도 잔류회전응력이 존재하였다는 것이며 이러한 터널의 회전은 왜곡과 같이 발생한다. 쌍설터널의 시공에서 굴착으로 인한 완성된 인접터널의 비대칭 침하에 대한 분석을 하였으며, 기존의 발표된 상응한 연구자료 와도 비교되었다.
Cloud liquid water and ice measurements from spectrally resolved near‐infrared observations: A new technique (2002)

A new technique is presented for the simultaneous measurement of water vapor, liquid water, and water ice in clouds using spectral observations of scattered sunlight between 0.865 and 1.065 μm. A nonlinear least squares approach is used to fit the measurements with the absorption spectral signatures of the vapor, liquid, and solid phases of water. This allows for the retrieval of the total path‐integrated column abundances of vapor, liquid, and ice and directly yields the fractional absorption by all three phases of water within clouds at these wavelengths. Laboratory, ground‐based, and aircraft‐based observations are presented that illustrate the application of this technique and its comparison to other methods of measuring liquid water in widely varying conditions. The results suggest that the retrieval of liquid water is relatively insensitive to interference from other absorbers. The measurement of ice is less accurate and precise than that of liquid and is affected to some degree by the absorption of water vapor and liquid; uncertainty estimates are given. The method provides key information for radiative balance studies and has the potential to aid aviation safety. An extension of this technique to include scattered sunlight at longer wavelengths is likely to produce more accurate results and lower detection limits for both liquid and ice. Applying the technique to shorter wavelengths should allow for retrievals that are less sensitive to photon path distribution uncertainties.
Reach adaptation and proprioceptive recalibration following terminal visual feedback of the hand (2014)

We have shown that when subjects reach with continuous, misaligned visual feedback of their hand, their reaches are adapted and proprioceptive sense of hand position is recalibrated to partially match the visual feedback (Salomonczyk et al., 2011). It is unclear if similar changes arise after reaching with visual feedback that is provided only at the end of the reach (i.e., terminal feedback), when there are shorter temporal intervals for subjects to experience concurrent visual and proprioceptive feedback. Subjects reached to targets with an aligned hand-cursor that provided visual feedback at the end of each reach movement across a 99-trial training block, and with a rotated cursor over three successive blocks of 99 trials each. After each block, no cursor reaches, to measure aftereffects, and felt hand positions were measured. Felt hand position was determined by having subjects indicate the position of their unseen hand relative to a reference marker. We found that subjects adapted their reaches following training with rotated terminal visual feedback, yet slightly less (i.e., reach aftereffects were smaller), than subjects from a previous study who experienced continuous visual feedback. Nonetheless, current subjects recalibrated their sense of felt hand position in the direction of the altered visual feedback, but this proprioceptive change increased incrementally over the three rotated training blocks. Final proprioceptive recalibration levels were comparable to our previous studies in which subjects performed the same task with continuous visual feedback. Thus, compared to reach training with continuous, but altered visual feedback, subjects who received terminal altered visual feedback of the hand produced significant but smaller reach aftereffects and similar changes in hand proprioception when given extra training. Taken together, results suggest that terminal feedback of the hand is sufficient to drive motor adaptation, and also proprioceptive recalibration.
3-(2-Methylamino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2<i>H</i>-chromen-2-one (2012)

In the title compound, C(13)H(10)N(2)O(2)S, the essentially planar 2H-chromene ring system [maximum deviation = 0.0297 (13) Å] and the thia-zole ring [maximum deviation = 0.0062 (11) Å] form a dihedral angle of 3.47 (5)°. In the crystal, N-H⋯N and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into two-dimensional networks parallel to the bc plane. C-H⋯π and π-π [centroid-centroid separation = 3.6796 (8) Å] inter-actions further stabilize the crystal structure.
Hematological findings and complications of <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 (2020)

COVID-19 is a systemic infection with a significant impact on the hematopoietic system and hemostasis. Lymphopenia may be considered as a cardinal laboratory finding, with prognostic potential. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and peak platelet/lymphocyte ratio may also have prognostic value in determining severe cases. During the disease course, longitudinal evaluation of lymphocyte count dynamics and inflammatory indices, including LDH, CRP and IL-6 may help to identify cases with dismal prognosis and prompt intervention in order to improve outcomes. Biomarkers, such high serum procalcitonin and ferritin have also emerged as poor prognostic factors. Furthermore, blood hypercoagulability is common among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Elevated D-Dimer levels are consistently reported, whereas their gradual increase during disease course is particularly associated with disease worsening. Other coagulation abnormalities such as PT and aPTT prolongation, fibrin degradation products increase, with severe thrombocytopenia lead to life-threatening disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which necessitates continuous vigilance and prompt intervention. So, COVID-19 infected patients, whether hospitalized or ambulatory, are at high risk for venous thromboembolism, and an early and prolonged pharmacological thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin is highly recommended. Last but not least, the need for assuring blood donations during the pandemic is also highlighted.
On spaces of operators whose duals are isometric to L^1(μ) (2009)

Following the well-known classification scheme of function spaces whose duals are isometric to L 1 () , due to Lindenstrauss, Wulbert and Olsen, in this paper we study the geometric properties of space of compact operators K (E,F) under the assumption that it is in one of the classes described by Lindenstrauss, Wulbert and Olsen.
Fast Lossless Compression of Seismic Floating-Point Data (2009)

Modern seismic exploration produces vast amount of data that may be transferred between computers as well as to and from storage devices. Compression algorithms are then desirable to make seismic data processing more efficient in terms of storage and transmission bandwidth. Most current algorithms being used for floating-point seismic data compression are based on wavelet or LCT (local cosine transform) and may result in information loss. In this paper, a new lossless floating seismic data compression method based on differential predictor and adaptive context-based arithmetic coding (DPACAC) is presented, which can achieve higher compression ratios compared with other lossless algorithms.
A carrier-mediated mechanism for pyridoxine uptake by human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells: regulation by a PKA-mediated pathway (2003)

Vitamin B6 is essential for cellular functions and growth due to its involvement in important metabolic reactions. Humans and other mammals cannot synthesize vitamin B6 and thus must obtain this micronutrient from exogenous sources via intestinal absorption. The intestine, therefore, plays a central role in maintaining and regulating normal vitamin B6 homeostasis. Due to the water-soluble nature of vitamin B6 and the demonstration that transport of other water-soluble vitamins in intestinal epithelial cells involves specialized carrier-mediated mechanisms, we hypothesized that transport of vitamin B6 in these cells is also carrier mediated in nature. To test this hypothesis, we examined pyridoxine transport in a model system for human enterocytes, the human-derived intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. The results showed pyridoxine uptake to be 1) linear with time for up to 10 min of incubation and to occur with minimal metabolic alteration in the transported substrate, 2) temperature and energy dependent but Na+ independent, 3) pH dependent with higher uptake at acidic compared with alkaline pHs, 4) saturable as a function of concentration (at buffer pH 5.5 but not 7.4) with an apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of 11.99 +/- 1.41 microM and a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 67.63 +/- 3.87 pmol. mg protein-1. 3 min-1, 5) inhibited by pyridoxine structural analogs (at buffer pH 5.5 but not 7.4) but not by unrelated compounds, and 6) inhibited in a competitive manner by amiloride with an apparent inhibitor constant (Ki) of 0.39 mM. We also examined the possible regulation of pyridoxine uptake by specific intracellular regulatory pathways. The results showed that whereas modulators of PKC, Ca+2/calmodulin (CaM), and nitric oxide (NO)-mediated pathways had no effect on pyridoxine uptake, modulators of PKA-mediated pathway were found to cause significant reduction in pyridoxine uptake. This reduction was mediated via a significant inhibition in the Vmax, but not the apparent Km, of the pyridoxine uptake process. These results demonstrate, for the first time, the involvement of a specialized carrier-mediated mechanism for pyridoxine uptake by intestinal epithelial cells. This system is pH dependent and amiloride sensitive and appears to be under the regulation of an intracellular PKA-mediated pathway.
Loss and Bereavement B Cook Loss and Bereavement S G Phillips Austen Cornish in association with the Lisa Sainsbury Foundation London £6.50 1-870065-06-9 (1997)

Initially, with so many books on bereavement, you might wonder whether there is anything new to say on the subject. A glance at the chapter headings, however, immediately presents an impressive and comprehensive array. In the preface, Bridget Cook readily acknowledges that she and Shelagh Phillips do not have any ‘easy answers’ or formulae, but that through their book they aim to help provide a balance between emotional involvement and making an objective statement for those in the caring professions.
Coevolutionary multi-agent systems: the application to mapping and scheduling problems (2002)

The paper addresses two closely related problems, namely the mapping and scheduling tasks of a parallel program in parallel computers. To develop new efficient algorithms to solve the aforementioned problems we propose a theoretical framework based on a model of N-person games which serves as a model of interaction of agents in a multi-agent system. We implement the multi-agent system with use of evolutionary techniques and apply it to develop parallel and distributed algorithms of dynamic mapping and scheduling.
Social networks and the implementation of environmental technology (2000)

A study of 83 firms in the North American electronics industry that have implemented environmentally "clean" process technology found that social networks have a significant positive impact on implementation success. This paper presents evidence that some types of social networks influence implementation success more than others. More specifically, interfirm networks composed of both suppliers and competitors were significantly correlated with the routinization and incorporation of alternative technical solutions to reducing ozone depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). This only held in situations where the complexity of the implementation was relatively high. Intrafirm and local social networks were not significant. The utilization of a network of publicly accessible sources of information and expertise had a negative impact. Brief case studies from field research are provided to help explain these results.
Contributions for Improving Debugging of Kernel-level Services in a Monolithic Operating System (2013)

Alors que la recherche sur la qualité du code des systèmes a connu un formidable engouement, les systèmes d’exploitation sont encore aux prises avec des problèmes de fiabilité notamment dus aux bogues de programmation au niveau des services noyaux tels que les pilotes de périphériques et l’implémentation des systèmes de fichiers. Des études ont en effet montré que chaque version du noyau Linux contient entre 600 et 700 fautes, et que la propension des pilotes de périphériques à contenir des erreurs est jusqu’à sept fois plus élevée que toute autre partie du noyau. Ces chiffres suggèrent que le code des services noyau n’est pas suffisamment testé et que de nombreux défauts passent inaperçus ou sont difficiles à réparer par des programmeurs non-experts, ces derniers formant pourtant la majorité des développeurs de services. Cette thèse propose une nouvelle approche pour le débogage et le test des services noyau. Notre approche est focalisée sur l’interaction entre les services noyau et le noyau central en abordant la question des “trous de sûreté” dans le code de définition des fonctions de l’API du noyau. Dans le contexte du noyau Linux, nous avons mis en place une approche automatique, dénommée Diagnosys, qui repose sur l’analyse statique du code du noyau afin d’identifier, classer et exposer les différents trous de sûreté de l’API qui pourraient donner lieu à des fautes d’exécution lorsque les fonctions sont utilisées dans du code de service écrit par des développeurs ayant une connaissance limitée des subtilités du noyau. Pour illustrer notre approche, nous avons implémenté Diagnosys pour la version 2.6.32 du noyau Linux. Nous avons montré ses avantages à soutenir les développeurs dans leurs activités de tests et de débogage.
A next-generation sequencing method for overcoming the multiple gene copy problem in polyploid phylogenetics, applied to Poa grasses (2011)

Our results demonstrate that 454 sequencing of barcoded amplicon mixtures can be used to reliably sample all alleles of homeologous loci in polyploid species and successfully investigate phylogenetic relationships among species, as well as to investigate phylogeographic hypotheses. This next-generation sequencing method is more affordable than and at least as reliable as bacterial cloning. It could be applied to any experiment involving sequencing of amplicon mixtures.
Surgical Management and Outcomes of 165 Colonoscopic Perforations From a Single Institution (2008)

Colonoscopic perforation occurs in fewer than 1 in 1000 patients and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Prompt diagnosis and operative therapy are critical in most cases.
The effect of repeated freeze–thaw cycles on tenderness and cooking loss in beef (1973)

Abstract When beef neck muscle, maintained at rest length, was subjected to repeated freezing and thawing, the increases in tenderness were small and significant only when taken in aggregate after two or three cycles. Cooking losses rose steeply after freezing once. There was a very small but significant rise after further cycles. Aging did not affect cooking loss. The rate of aging in meat after freezing and thawing increased, approaching significance. There were large variations in the ability of different samples to be tenderised by freezing or by aging.
Articles of Interest (1987)

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Evaluation of Techniques to Eliminate Erosion from Under River Revetment Mattresses (1993)

The Lower Mississippi Valley Division (LMVD) of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers annually places several million square feet of articulated revetment mattresses to minimize erosion of the riverbed and banks adjacent to structures and levees. Mattress sections are replaced in those areas where surveys have indicated a deepening of the river bank or other possible mattress failure. Catastrophic levee failures have signaled the need to investigate the failure phenomenon and to recommend potential solutions that will minimize future catastrophic failures. The objective of this research was to evaluate techniques to seal the gaps between the mattress blocks, thereby increasing protection against underlayment erosion. Based on preliminary investigations, researchers determined that the technique of attaching a geotextile to the bottom of the mattress appeared promising. The technique of sealing the gaps with flexible foams and epoxies was impractical. Three of the 16 geotextiles tested exhibited the best combinations of behavior for use with revetment mattresses. Before a geotextile-concrete mattress could become standard practice, the mattress failure mechanism needs to be defined more accurately. The relationship between the composite mattress and river currents and soils should also be defined.