gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systemic autoimmune disease induced by dendritic cells that have captured necrotic but not apoptotic cells in susceptible mouse strains (2005)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder of a largely unknown etiology. Anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA antibodies are a classic hallmark of the disease, although the mechanism underlying their induction remains unclear. We demonstrate here that, in both lupus-prone and normal mouse strains, strong anti-dsDNA antibody responses can be induced by dendritic cells (DC) that have ingested syngeneic necrotic (DC/nec), but not apoptotic (DC/apo), cells. Clinical manifestations of lupus were evident, however, only in susceptible mouse strains, which correlate with the ability of DC/nec to release IFN-gamma and to induce the pathogenic IgG2a anti-dsDNA antibodies. Injection of DC/nec not only accelerated disease progression in the MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr lupus-prone mice but also induced a lupus-like disease in the MRL/MpJ-+/+ wild-type control strain. Immune complex deposition was readily detectable in the kidneys, and the mice developed proteinuria. Strikingly, female MRL/MpJ-+/+ mice that had received DC/nec, but not DC/apo, developed a 'butterfly' facial lesion resembling a cardinal feature of human SLE. Our study therefore demonstrates that DC/nec inducing a Th1 type of responses, which are otherwise tightly regulated in a normal immune system, may play a pivotal role in SLE pathogenesis.
FEASIBILITY OF DIRECT DISPOSAL OF ELECTROREFINER SALT WASTE. (2017)

Abstract not provided.
Nitric oxide signaling in the cardiovascular system: implications for heart failure (2006)

These insights, which challenge classically held views that NO acts as a freely diffusible molecule regulated primarily by concentration and exerting signaling primarily through cyclic GMP production, offer a new perspective on the pathophysiology and treatment of congestive heart failure.
Multiply Twinned Morphologies of FePt and CoPt Nanoparticles (2008)

Based on large-scale density functional theory calculations we provide a systematic overview of the size dependence of the energetic order and magnetic properties of various morphologies of FePt and CoPt clusters with diameters of up to 2.5 nm. For FePt, ordered multiply twinned icosahedra and decahedra are more favorable than the L1_(0) phase throughout the investigated size range. For CoPt, segregated morphologies predominate with considerably increased energy differences to the L1_(0) structure. The compositional trends are traced back to differences between the morphologies in the partial electronic density of states associated with the 3d element.
Substance P Activates Coincident NF-AT- and NF-κB-Dependent Adhesion Molecule Gene Expression in Microvascular Endothelial Cells Through Intracellular Calcium Mobilization (1999)

Abstract Upon stimulation, cutaneous sensory nerves release neuropeptides such as substance P (SP), which modulate responses in the skin by activating a number of target cells via neurokinin receptors. We have demonstrated that SP preferentially binds to the NK-1R on human dermal microvascular cells, resulting in increased intracellular Ca2+ and induction of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression. In the current studies, we identify specific elements in the regulatory regions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 genes as necessary and sufficient for SP-dependent transcriptional activation. SP treatment of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells leads to coincident activation and binding of the transcription factor NF-AT to the −191/−170 region of the ICAM-1 gene (a region bound by activated p65/p65 homodimers in response to TNF-α), and NF-κB (p65/p50) to tandem NF-κB binding sites at −76/−52 of the VCAM-1 gene. The SP-elicited intracellular Ca2+ signal was required for activation and subsequent binding of both NF-AT and NF-κB. The transacting factor induction by SP was specific, since a selective NK-1R antagonist blocked SP activation and subsequent NF-AT and NF-κB activation and binding. These data demonstrate coincident activation of NF-AT and NF-κB via SP-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and indicate a crucial role for neuropeptides in modulating localized cutaneous inflammatory responses.
Effect of Fasting on 2H-Enrichment Levels of Rat Plasma Glucose as measured by 2H NMR Spectroscopy Following Infusion of 2H2O. (2001)

of fasting in rat. These results are consistent with other studies that showed diminished rates of glycogenolysis and glycogen levels after 20-24 hours of fasting in rats (5,6). Our data indicates that the majority of gluconeogenic carbons were derived from PEP with only minor contributions from glycerol. For the 4-6.5-hour fasted group, the H5/H2 enrichment ratio was 0.62 ± 0.08 and the H6S/H2 ratio was 0.45 ± 0.07. From this data, the relative contribution of glycogen was 38 ±8% , glycerol, 17 ±2%a nd PEP 45 ±7% . The contribution of glycogen to hepatic glucose output was significantly higher in comparison to the 24-26.5 hour fasted group (p < 0.001) indicating that glycogenolytic flux was significant after 4-6.5 hours of fasting. The relative contribution of PEP was significantly lower in the 4-6.5 hour compared to 24-26.5 hour fasted group (p < 0.0005) while the contribution from glycerol was not significantly different between the groups. Discussion In conclusion, the relative rates of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the rat, as measured by 2H NMR spectroscopy of monoacetone glucose, are significantly altered by physiologically-relevant changes in nutritional state. We anticipate that these measurements will also be sensitive to other interventions or disease models that alter hepatic glycogen metabolism in the rat.
ChemInform Abstract: REAKTIONEN VON N,N′‐DIMETHYL‐AETHYLENDIAMIN MIT CYCLISCHEN PHOSPHORNITRIDHALOGENIDEN (1972)

Abstract Die Reaktion der cyclischen Phosphornitride (I) mit dem Diamin (II) führt zu den Spiroverbindungen (III), deren Strukturen anhand von NMR‐, IR‐ und massenspektroskopischen Untersuchungen diskutiert und bestätigt werden.
Measured noise performance of a direct-sequence spread-spectrum system and a comparison of single vice dual-channel delay-lock loops (1987)

A direct-sequence (DS) spread spectrum system which could be used by a conventional amplitude modulated (AM) radio system was designed, built and tested. A delay-lock loop was used to provide code synchronization in the receiver. The noise performance of a single-channel delay-lock loop (SCDLL) was compared with a dual-channel delay-lock loop (DCDLL) with no data being transmitted. When data was transmitted a DCDLL was used and the noise performance (probability of bit error) of the DS spread spectrum system was measured. Test results indicate that the SCDLL performs as well as or better than the DCDLL. The measured noise performance of the DS spread spectrum system was within 5 dB of theoretical values for a spreading factor of 255. Conclusions are that apart from hardware simplicity, the SCDLL provides, in practice, a noise performance advantage relative to the DCDLL and that this DS spread spectrum system can be used to transmit low rate digital data reliably at values of SNR much less than unity. It is recommended that this DS spread spectrum system be considered by the Department of Defense to be implemented in AM radio systems to provide low data rate anti-jam/interference rejection capability.
Transition metal-catalyzed tandem isomerization and cationic polymerization of allyl ethers. I. Discovery and scope (1997)

Allyl ethers are readily polymerized using a new polymerization reaction termed: transition metal-catalyzed tandem isomerization and cationic polymerization. Employing dicobalt octacarbonyl in combination with organosilanes, polymerization takes place rapidly and exothermically to give high molecular weight polymers. In this first article, the concepts leading to the discovery of this novel type of polymerization are presented along with the results of initial studies. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 1593–1604, 1997
Wide range image sensing using a thrown-up camera (2010)

In this paper, we propose a wide-range image sensing method using a camera thrown up into the air. By using camera thrown up in this way, we can get images that are otherwise difficult to obtain, such as those taken from overhead. As an example of wide-range image sensing, we integrated video images captured by a thrown-up camera using an image mosaicing technique. When rotation about the optical axis of the camera can be ignored, we can integrate images by mosaicing using a translational approximation, which preferentially pastes pixels around the image center. To obtain the information about the camera direction, a rotational approximation using the angles of incident light rays is required. We also propose use of a high-frame-rate camera (HFR camera) in order to acquire a large amount of information. A seamless large image was obtained by synthesizing the images captured by a thrown-up HFR camera. We found that high frame rates of around 1000 fps were necessary.
Control entropy: A complexity measure for nonstationary signals (2008)

We propose an entropy statistic designed to assess the behavior of slowly varying parameters of real systems. Based on correlation entropy, the method uses symbol dynamics and analysis of increments to achieve sufficient recurrence in a short time series to enable entropy measurements on small data sets. We analyze entropy along a moving window of a time series, the entropy statistic tracking the behavior of slow variables of the data series. We employ the technique against several physiological time series to illustrate its utility in characterizing the constraints on a physiological time series. We propose that changes in the entropy of measured physiological signal (e.g. power output) during dynamic exercise will indicate changes in underlying constraint of the system of interest. This is compelling because CE may serve as a non-invasive, objective means of determining physiological stress under non-steady state conditions such as competition or acute clinical pathologies. If so, CE could serve as a valuable tool for dynamically monitoring health status in a wide range of non-stationary systems.
Reliability study of single-poly floating gates in 0.13 &#x03BC;m CMOS for use in field programmable analog arrays (2008)

This paper explores the reliability of single-poly floating gates in 0.13 mum CMOS technology. Charge retention times before and after wear-out are measured. Channel interface degradation is evaluated through flicker noise measurements. The results show that deep submicron single-poly floating gates can store analog information with high precision for several months. While this disqualifies them from storing information for the life-time of a chip, it makes them a viable alternative to digital-to-analog converter arrays for tuning a set of parameters in field programmable analog arrays.
Severe hemochromatosis in a Portuguese family associated with a new mutation in the 5′-UTR of the HAMP gene (2004)

Juvenile hereditary hemochromatosis is a genetically heterogeneous disorder transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. It is most often caused by mutations in the HJV gene and rarely in the HAMP gene. Hepcidin is considered to constitute a negative regulator of iron absorption, and its production is increased in inflammatory states and iron overload. We report the detection of a new mutation in the HAMP gene leading to juvenile hemochromatosis in 2 members of a Portuguese family. The mutation lies in the 5'-UTR (untranslated region) of the gene and creates a new initiation codon in the context of a Kozak sequence. We found no trace of hepcidin protein in the patients' urine, suggesting that ribosomes select the mutant initiation codon for translation. The decrease of hepcidin production would thus lead to increased iron absorption, resulting in iron deposition in parenchymal tissues. Phlebotomy therapy of the 2 patients resulted in impressive clinical improvement.
Free-radical addition of iodo-F-alkanes to isomeric 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid derivatives (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFree-radical addition of iodo-F-alkanes to isomeric 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid derivativesNeal O. BraceCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 12, 1964–1971Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01326a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01326a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views234Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Undetected transformation of one scene into another of the same gist (2005)

Change blindness experiments suggest that rather than integrating the information in one visual fixation with the next fixation, only a few attended objects and a general gist are carried over from one fixation to the next. This result leads to a startling prediction: if perception of attended objects can be suppressed, it should be possible to exchange one image for a completely different one of the same gist without an observer noticing the change. We test this prediction with a new change blindness paradigm; rather than alternating back and forth from one image to another in the flicker paradigm, we progressively alter segments of an image until one image is completely changed into another, a ‘progressive transformation paradigm’. To avoid misalignments of parts of the old and the new images we superimpose a checkerboard of white squares on the image, then swap old image segments for new ones within each checker, so that the changed area is completely surrounded by white. It is possible to swap several checkers at a time without subjects detecting the change, with a complete swap in about 12 steps. Each stage is presented for 1 sec, with a 60 msec blank between images. We suppress detection of changes in details with a fixation target on the left of odd-numbered images in the sequence, and on the right in even-numbered images, while monitoring eye movements. We apply this technique with several pairs of same-gist images, such as two different beaches, two different bus stops, two different white cars parked in different lots, etc. In half the trials, the image is not changed. Subjects fail to detect the image swap in about 1/3 of change trials; when detection occurs, it tends to occur late in the sequence. Control change trials, transforming to an image of different gist, are detected at a 98% rate. We conclude that gist is stored as a general description, not as a detailed image.
Characterization of Immune Reactivity Profiles Using Microarray Technology May Expedite Identification of Candidate Antigens for Next Generation Malaria Vaccines (2007)

Vaccines have proven to be one of the most successful and efficient means of controlling infectious diseases of public health importance, including smallpox, polio, pertussis, and measles (1). The annual global burden of 300–500 million new malaria cases and 1–3 million malaria-related deaths demonstrates the potential public health and socioeconomic benefit that would accrue with the deployment of a highly effective malaria vaccine, particularly for the most affected and impoverished populations (2). However, despite several decades of research and substantial evidence for its feasibility, such a vaccine remains elusive (3).

Among the many challenges facing vaccine developers is how to mine the human immune response to natural infection to identify protective antigens and associated host responses. While there is no evidence that sterile immunity is ever naturally induced by the parasite, both symptoms and parasite density gradually decline with repeated exposure, resulting in a state of clinical and partial parasitological immunity (4). Thus young children living in endemic areas are at the greatest risk for high-density infections and for clinical disease, including severe complications, whereas older children and adults are rarely symptomatic, although they may harbor and transmit the parasite. A variety of data implicate antibody responses to multiple blood stage antigens as the primary effector mechanism underlying naturally acquired immunity; the antigenic targets, however, have not been clearly identified. Our limited understanding of the array of protective (and nonprotective) immune responses is reflected by the small number of antigens under development as candidate vaccines or shown to be protective in experimental challenge models (5)(6). Indeed, current generation subunit vaccines are based on a few “traditional” antigens (7) despite evidence that antimalarial immunity is likely multifactorial, targeting many antigens and involving antibody responses, T cell responses, cytokines, natural killer cells, and many additional effector mechanisms (8) …
Hardware support for bulk data movement in server platforms (2006)

Bulk data movement occurs commonly in server work-loads and their performance is rather poor on today's microprocessors. We propose the use of small dedicated copy engines, and present a detailed analysis of a bulk data copy engine architecture. We describe the hardware support required to implement the copy engine and to tightly integrate it into server platforms. Our evaluation is based on an execution driven simulator that was extended with detailed models of bulk data movement engines. The simulation results show that dedicated engines are quite effective in eliminating the data movement overhead and are an attractive choice for handling bulk data in future high performance server platforms.
Systematic approaches to overcoming limitations of MAPK pathway inhibition in melanoma (2013)

Metastatic melanoma is an aggressive, incurable cancer with historically few therapeutic options. The discovery that 60% of melanomas harbor the oncogenic BRAF_V600E mutation, which constitutively activates the MAPK pathway, has provided a promising new therapeutic axis. Although MAPK pathway inhibitor therapy has shown striking clinical results in BRAF_V600-mutant melanoma, this approach faces three limitations. First, 10-20% of BRAF_V600-mutant melanomas never achieve meaningful response to MAPK pathway inhibitor therapy (intrinsic resistance). Second, among BRAF_V600-mutant melanomas initially responding to MAPK pathway inhibitor therapy, relapse is universal (acquired resistance). Third, approximately 40% of melanomas lack BRAF_V600 mutations and so are not currently candidates for MAPK pathway inhibitor therapy. We sought to address each of these problems: by characterizing the phenomenon of intrinsic MAPK pathway inhibitor resistance, by finding ways to perturb mechanisms of acquired MAPK pathway inhibitor resistance, and by identifying novel dependencies in melanoma outside of the MAPK pathway. Intriguingly, the NF-kappa B pathway emerged as a common theme across these investigations. In particular, we establish that MAPK pathway inhibitor sensitive and resistant melanomas display distinct transcriptional signatures. Unlike most BRAF_V600-mutant melanomas, which highly express the melanocytic lineage transcription factor MITF, MAPK pathway inhibitor resistant lines display low MITF expression but high levels of NF-kappa B signaling. These divergent transcriptional states, which arise in melanocytes from aberrant MAPK pathway activation by BRAF_V600E, remain plastic and mutually antagonistic in established melanomas. Together, these results characterize a dichotomy between MITF and NF-kappa B cellular states as a determinant of intrinsic sensitivity versus resistance to MAPK pathway inhibitors in BRAF_V600-mutant melanoma. In separate investigations, we have shown that, NFKB1 p105, a member of the NF-kappa B family, intimately regulates levels of COT, a known effector of resistance to MAPK pathway inhibitors. Moreover, we have used shRNA screening to nominate particular nodes within the NF-kappa B pathway, including MYD88 and IRF3, as candidate melanoma lineage-specific dependencies. Cumulatively, although these studies use diverse approaches to investigate the limitations of MAPK pathway inhibitor therapy in melanoma, they converge in nominating the NF-kappa B pathway as a previously underappreciated feature of melanoma biology and suggest the relevance of this pathway for future investigation.
Modeling of Geometric Variations for Line-Profiles (2012)

The geometric variations in a tolerance-zone can be modeled with hypothetical point-spaces called Tolerance-Maps (T-Maps) for purposes of automating the assignment of tolerances during design. The objective of this paper is to extend this model to represent tolerances on line-profiles. Such tolerances limit geometric manufacturing variations to a specified two-dimensional tolerance-zone, i.e., an area, the boundaries to which are curves parallel to the true profile. The single profile tolerance may be used to control position, orientation, and form of the profile. In this paper, the Tolerance-Map (Patent No. 6963824) is a hypothetical volume of points that captures all the positions for the true profile, and those curves parallel to it, which can reside in the tolerance-zone. The model is compatible with the ASME/ANSI/ISO Standards for geometric tolerances. T-Maps have been generated for other classes of geometric tolerances in which the variations of the feature are represented with a plane, line or circle, and these have been incorporated into testbed software for aiding designers when assigning tolerances for assemblies. In this paper the T-Map for line-profiles is created and, for the first time in this model, features may be either symmetrical or nonsymmetrical simple planar curves, typically closed. To economize on length of the paper, and yet to introduce a method whereby T-Maps may be used to optimize the allocation of tolerances for line-profiles, the scope of the paper has been limited to square, rectangular, and triangular shapes. An example of tolerance accumulation is presented to illustrate this method.
Calcifying Pseudoneoplasm of the Cerebellopontine Angle: Case Report (2011)

Calcifying pseudoneoplasms should be considered in the differential diagnosis of calcified cerebellopontine angle tumors. Histopathologic diagnosis is extremely important in the characterization of these lesions in order to direct the course of appropriate management. An inaccurate diagnosis of a malignant tumor can result in potentially harmful and unnecessary therapies, as prognosis for these lesions is generally favorable.