gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor restores long-term potentiation in polysialic acid-neural cell adhesion molecule-deficient hippocampus (2000)

The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and its polysialylated form (PSA-NCAM) contribute to long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 hippocampus. Here we report that the deficient LTP found in slices prepared from NCAM knockout mice and in organotypic slice cultures treated with Endo-N, an enzyme that cleaves the PSA moiety of NCAM, can be rescued by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). This effect is not reproduced by nerve growth factor, but can be obtained with high concentrations of NT4/5. The effect of BDNF cannot be accounted for by modifications of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent responses or of high-frequency bursts. PSA-NCAM, however, could directly interact with BDNF. Exogenous application of PSA residues or recombinant PSA-NCAM also prevents LTP. Furthermore trkB phosphorylation, and thus BDNF signaling, is reduced in both NCAM knockout mice and Endo-N-treated slice cultures. These results suggest that one action of PSA-NCAM could be to sensitize pyramidal neurons to BDNF, thereby modulating activity-dependent synaptic plasticity.
Elastic Properties of Silica-Rich Mudrocks: Woodford Shale, Anadarko Basin, Oklahoma (2012)

Applications of seismic methods in mudrock exploration are limited due to a lack of well developed rock physics models that can relate mudrock matrix and fluid properties to seismic velocities. We propose a first principle based rock physics modeling method for predicting P- and S-wave velocities in mudrocks accounting for silica (quartz), porosity, and free gas. Using sonic and shear-sonic logs we apply the proposed method to estimate silica, porosity, and free gas depth profiles in the Woodford Shale of the Mcneff 2-28 well, Grady County, Anadarko Basin, Oklahoma. Our modeling suggests that silica and free gas decreases (90-50% and 90%-85% respectively) and the porosity increases (10–20%) in the Woodford from the top to its base. The estimated silica and porosity depth profiles are validated by comparison with the photoelectric and the density-porosity logs. X-Ray Diffraction analysis of a rock sample from the Upper Woodford in the Cambell 1-34 well located ∼1 km to the southeast additionally supports high silica content in the Upper Woodford. This study strongly suggests that the rock physics method, such as that proposed here, can be potentially used as a guide for relating seismically-derived properties of the subsurface to key parameters such as silica, porosity, and gas saturation; the former two especially important for inferring brittleness and fracability and the latter for the production potential.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Reaction of Benzoyl Chlorides in Dimethyl Sulfoxide. (1989)

Abstract Careful addition of the aroyl chlorides (I) to excess DMSO (II) results in the formation of the carboxylic acids (III), chloromethyl methyl sulfide (IV), and significant amounts of the unexpected β‐keto sulfoxides (V).
Human endothelial cells synthesize protein S (1986)

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were analyzed for the presence of prothrombin, factor VII, protein C, and protein S in culture supernatants and cell extracts using specific radioimmunoassays. Only protein S was detected. Conditioned medium from 24-hour cultures and cell lysates contained 21.7 ng/mL and 88.8 ng/10(7) cells of protein S, respectively. Intrinsic labeling and immunoprecipitation indicated that protein S was synthesized and secreted as a 75,000 molecular weight protein. Vitamin K, phorbol myristate acetate, and thrombin increased the production or specific activity (determined from activity/antigen ratios of 0.99 to 1.07, 0.93 to 1.04, and 0.90 to 1.04, respectively) of protein S. While untreated cells secreted a partially active protein S (activity/antigen = 0.40), warfarin greatly decreased the specific activity (less than 0.10) of this molecule, suggesting that endothelial cells contain the enzymes required for the carboxylation of selected glutamic acid residues. The production of protein S by these cells supports the hypothesis that cofactor production and expression by the endothelial cells may play a significant regulatory role in the initiation, propagation, and suppression of hemostasis and thrombosis.
[Case of a ruptured vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm recanalized after internal trapping]. (2007)

A 35-year-old male experienced a sudden onset of severe headache. A CT scan revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage. By cerebral angiography, he was diagnosed as having a ruptured right vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm (VADA). It was successfully treated by endovascular occlusion of the affected site, including the aneurysm and parent artery, by using detachable coils. A follow-up angiography obtained seven months after the first treatment revealed the recanalization of the right vertebral artery and dissected aneurysm in an antegrade fashion. A skull X-ray image was useful for detecting the change in appearance of the coils. The second embolization was successfully performed in the same manner. Based on this rare case, the authors emphasize that a careful angiographic analysis and complete internal trapping of the dissecting site are important in the treatment of the ruptured VADA.
Effect of Exercise on Extraskeletal Risk Factors for Hip Fractures in Elderly Women With Low BMD: A Population-Based Randomized Controlled Trial (2006)

Weight-bearing exercise is an effective way of modifying extraskeletal risk factors for fractures in elderly women.
Environmental Risk Communication through Qualitative Risk Assessment (2014)

Environmental analysts are often hampered in communicating the risks of environmental contaminants due to the myriad of regulatory requirements that are applicable. The use of a qualitative, risk-based control banding strategy for assessment and control of potential environmental contaminants provides a standardized approach to improve risk communication. Presented is a model that provides an effective means for determining standardized responses and controls for common environmental issues based on the level of risk. The model is designed for integration within an occupational health and safety management system to provide a multidisciplinary environmental and occupational risk management approach. This environmental model, which utilizes multidisciplinary control banding strategies for delineating risk, complements the existing Risk Level Based Management System, a proven method in a highly regulated facility for occupational health and safety. A simplified environmental risk matrix is presented that is stratified over four risk levels. Examples of qualitative environmental control banding strategies are presented as they apply to United States regulations for construction, research activities, facility maintenance, and spill remediation that affect air, water, soil, and waste disposal. This approach offers a standardized risk communication language for multidisciplinary issues that will improve communications within and between environmental health and safety professionals, workers, and management.
Concept for a Combustion System in Oxyfuel Gas Turbine Combined Cycles (2014)

Abstract A promising candidate for CO2 neutral power production is semiclosed oxyfuel combustion combined cycles (SCOC-CC). Two alternative SCOC-CCs have been investigated both with recirculation of the working fluid (WF) (CO2 and H2O) but with different H2O content due to different conditions for condensation of water from the working fluid. The alternative with low moisture content in the recirculated working fluid has shown the highest thermodynamic potential and has been selected for further study. The necessity to use recirculated exhaust gas as the working fluid will make the design of the gas turbine quite different from a conventional gas turbine. For a combined cycle using a steam Rankine cycle as a bottoming cycle, it is vital that the temperature of the exhaust gas from the Brayton cycle is well-suited for steam generation that fits steam turbine live steam conditions. For oxyfuel gas turbines with a combustor outlet temperature of the same magnitude as conventional gas turbines, a much higher pressure ratio is required (close to twice the ratio as for a conventional gas turbine) in order to achieve a turbine outlet temperature suitable for combined cycle. Based on input from the optimized cycle calculations, a conceptual combustion system has been developed, where three different combustor feed streams can be controlled independently: the natural gas fuel, the oxidizer consisting mainly of oxygen plus some impurities, and the recirculated working fluid. This gives more flexibility compared to air-based gas turbines, but also introduces some design challenges. A key issue is how to maintain high combustion efficiency over the entire load range using as little oxidizer as possible and with emissions (NOx, CO, unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC)) within given constraints. Other important challenges are related to combustion stability, heat transfer and cooling, and material integrity, all of which are much affected when going from air-based to oxygen-based gas turbine combustion. Matching with existing air-based burner and combustor designs has been done in order to use as much as possible of what is proven technology today. The selected stabilization concept, heat transfer evaluation, burner, and combustion chamber layout will be described. As a next step, the pilot burner will be tested both at atmospheric and high pressure conditions.
Predictive Analytics for the KMAP-O Model in Design and Evaluation of Diabetes Care Management Research (2021)

This is a commentary on methodological challenges and analytical requirements in designing an evaluation of the knowledge, motivation, attitude, preventive practice-outcome (KMAP-O) model for selfcare management of diabetes. Critical issues pertaining to an investigation of the dose-response relationship between the intervention program and outcomes, the comparative effectiveness evaluation, and the lengths of observation were noted. Although numerous publications on factors influencing diabetes care and control were systematically reviewed and documented in the literature, scientific results on artificial intelligence research remain to be uncovered. To optimizing the knowledge and clinical practice in selfcare management, specific methodological approaches to predictive analytics are suggested for future clinical studies, using a comprehensive behavioral system such as the KMAP-O model.
A future large-aperture UVOIR space observatory: reference designs (2015)

Our joint NASA GSFC/JPL/MSFC/STScI study team has used community-provided science goals to derive mission needs, requirements, and candidate mission architectures for a future large-aperture, non-cryogenic UVOIR space observatory. We describe the feasibility assessment of system thermal and dynamic stability for supporting coronagraphy. The observatory is in a Sun-Earth L2 orbit providing a stable thermal environment and excellent field of regard. Reference designs include a 36-segment 9.2 m aperture telescope that stows within a five meter diameter launch vehicle fairing. Performance needs developed under the study are traceable to a variety of reference designs including options for a monolithic primary mirror.
Semantic approach usage for graphic object analysis (2006)

In this work analyzed existent methods of graphic object processing, their negative sides described, and new graphic object search and analysis by content method proposed to solve negative options.
Plasticity and Rehabilitation (2003)

Preface. List of Contributors. 1. Functional neuroimaging and recovery of function following brain damage in adults (C. Calautti, E.A. Warburton, J.-C. Baron). 2. Memory rehabilitation (B.A. Wilson). 3. Therapy of aphasia (A. Basso). 4. Executive function retraining (L. Fasotti). 5. Motor control and learning principles for rehabilitation of upper limb movements after brain injury (C. Winstein, A. Wing, J. Whitall). 6. Animal models of brain plasticity and behavioral change (B. Kolb, G. Metz). 7. Cross-modal reassignment of function in the human brain (B. Boroojerdi, L.G. Cohen). 8. Auditory reassignment (J.P. Rauschecker). 9. Phantom limb and phantom perceptions (S.M. Aglioti, G. Berlucchi). 10. Phantom limb pain (J. Katz, R. Melzack). 11. Developmental functional plasticity (B. Roder, H. Neville). 12. Functional MRI (P.A. Bandettini). 13. Designing effective fMRI experiments (J.M. Chein, W. Schneider). 14. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (E.M. Wassermann). Subject Index Volume 9.
Digitally Controlled Electrophoretic Focusing (1999)

Proteins can be simultaneously separated and concentrated by applying a constant force and opposing this with a gradient in a second force. In this work, a constant hydrodynamic force is opposed by a gradient in the electric field which allows charged molecules to focus in order of their apparent electrophoretic mobilities. The electric field gradient is established and maintained using an array of electrodes whose voltages are individually monitored and adjusted by a computer-controlled circuit board. The computer-generated electric field gradient allows charged molecules to be focused without using a pH gradient. Since the proteins are not focused at their pIs, precipitates do not form, so focused concentrations in excess of 50 mg/mL are not unusual. In addition, since the field shape is dynamically controlled from the computer on a point-by-point basis, the field profile can be adjusted during a run to improve the resolution. In this paper, the column and controller are described together with experimental results and a model which illustrates the separating power and flexibility of this technique.
Effects of Dietary Nutrient Density on Performance and Carcass Quality of Male Broilers Grown for Further Processing (2003)

Two trials of identical design were conducted in floor pens to characterize the response of male broilers grown to heavy weights for further processing to dietary nutrient density levels. Nutrient density is defined as the metabolizable energy content of the diet with all essential nutrients maintained in proportion. Ten treatments were utilized with varying nutrient densities obtained by adding poultry oil from 0 to 9% in increments of 1%. Crude protein, amino acids, and other essential nutrients were maintained in proportion to dietary energy levels. Body weights, feed consumed and processing quality were obtained at differen t intervals up to 63 days of age. Body weight peaked with the diet containing 6% added fat (3267 ME Kcal/ kg, mean of starter, grower, and finisher ME values). Feed intake tended to decrease with increasing nutrient density, but not at a rate commensurate with the change in energy levels. Feed conversion (g gain per g feed) improved as dietary nutrient density increased. Dressing percentage tended to decrease as dietary nutrient density level increased. Abdominal fat and breast meat, both on an absolute weight or percentage of carcass weight basis, remained rather constant when protein was maintained in proportion to energy.
A Piezoelectric Driven Controlled Release Micropump for Insulin Delivery (1990)

A piezoelectric disk bender was used to augment the rate of insulin transport across a membrane. Repeated displacement of the disk resulted in a pressure driven flow across the membrane, in addition to the basal delivery obtained because of the concentration difference between the insulin and downstream reservoirs. Augmentation increased nonlinearly with voltage, higher augmentation being achieved at voltages > 50 V DC (50% duty cycle). Augmentation was also much greater at frequencies near resonance (e.g., near 200 Hz for a 1.2 μm cellulose acetate membrane) and with smaller insulin reservoirs. Greater augmentations with reasonable basal rates were obtained with membranes that had high diffusive permeabilities and a high ratio of hydraulic to diffusive permeability. Theoretic calculations, using an equivalent circuit model of piezoelectric action, suggested that although the pressure increase in the insulin reservoir was approximately 0.19% of the maximum possible, this pressure increase was sufficient to account for approximately 95% of the augmented flow. Although further improvements are necessary, this device has the potential of delivering insulin to diabetics to better match supply and demand.
Measuring surgical outcomes in neurosurgery: implementation, analysis, and auditing a prospective series of more than 5000 procedures (2012)

With prospectively collected outcome data for more than 5000 surgeries, the authors achieved their primary end point of institution-wide compliance and data accuracy. Components of this process included staged implementation with physician pilot studies and oversight, nurse participation, point-of-service data capture, EMR form modification, data auditing, and confidential surgeon reports.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SAMIAN WARE SHERDS BY MEANS OF NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS (1973)

ABSTRACTS Neutron activation analysis has been employed for the characterization of Samian ware sherds. The analysed samples were classified in ten groups, seven of which belonged to the Arretine production, according to archaeological evidence. By means of high resolution gamma‐ray spectroscopy, 22 elements have been identified and analysed. Compositional characterization was looked for by taking counting rate ratios of different nuclides in the samples. The compositional pattern of the sherds was found to be fairly uniform both for each pot and for each group so that, at least in the examined cases, it can be assumed to be characteristic of a given workshop.
Analysis of the binding of a hemopoietic growth factor, P-cell-stimulating factor, to a cell surface receptor using quantitative absorption of bioactivity. (1985)

Quantitative absorption of biological activity was used to study the interaction of persisting (P)-cell-stimulating factor (PSF), a T-cell-derived lymphokine, with PSF-dependent lines of hemopoietic cells (P cells). It was shown that suspension of P cells in medium containing PSF at 4 degrees C resulted in a diminution of PSF activity in the medium. Similar results were obtained with homogeneous, pure PSF or crude supernatants from cells secreting PSF. This diminution was specific and involved saturable, reversible binding of PSF to the cells rather than degradation of PSF or the release of an inhibitor. Calculations based on the measurement of PSF activity remaining after absorption and estimates of the specific activity of PSF indicated that there were approximately 1000 receptors/cell and that PSF bound with an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of 5 X 10(-12) M. Increased amounts of PSF were absorbed at 37 degrees C; however, in the presence of metabolic inhibitors, the amount of PSF activity removed was equivalent to that seen at 4 degrees C.
NCSA: A New Protocol for Random Multiple Access Based on Physical Layer Network Coding (2010)

This paper introduces a random multiple access method for satellite communications, named Network Coding-based Slotted Aloha (NCSA). The goal is to improve diversity of data bursts on a slotted-ALOHA-like channel thanks to error correcting codes and Physical-layer Network Coding (PNC). This scheme can be considered as a generalization of the Contention Resolution Diversity Slotted Aloha (CRDSA) where the different replicas of this system are replaced by the different parts of a single word of an error correcting code. The performance of this scheme is first studied through a density evolution approach. Then, simulations confirm the CRDSA results by showing that, for a time frame of $400$ slots, the achievable total throughput is greater than $0.7\times C$, where $C$ is the maximal throughput achieved by a centralized scheme. This paper is a first analysis of the proposed scheme which open several perspectives. The most promising approach is to integrate collided bursts into the decoding process in order to improve the obtained performance.
Nucleotide Sequence of a Complementary DNA Encoding Pea Cytosolic Copper/Zinc Superoxide Dismutase (1991)

SOD2 (EC 1.15.1.1), a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the disproportionation ofsuperoxide radicals to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, is important in cellular defense against oxygen toxicity (reviewed in ref. In pea (Pisum sativum L.) leaf, three forms of the enzyme exist, all of which
Theory of near-interface trap quenching by impurities in SiC-based metal-oxide-semiconductor devices (2013)

Oxidizing SiC in the presence of various impurities (e.g., sodium, potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorous) has been previously observed to result in a significant reduction of the electron traps in the gate oxide near the SiC-SiO2 interface. Here, we explore the electro-chemistry of the impurity elements involved using first-principles quantum mechanical calculations. Our results indicate that the observed reduction in the near interface traps (NITs) is not due to direct chemical passivation. Instead, we show that the quenching occurs because the NIT energy levels are lowered by the Coulombic tail of the positively charged impurities and thus become inaccessible to the experimental measurements. This new proposal explains a variety of experiments and leads to specific predictions.
Human Hip Joint Cartilage: MRI Quantitative Thickness and Volume Measurements Discriminating Acetabulum and Femoral Head (2008)

This paper aims at developing a quantitative system for measuring human hip cartilage thickness and volume using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A new MRI-acquisition technique, named axial rotation, where the acquisition planes are organized around a virtual axis, was used. The MRI protocol consists of a 2-D multiple-echo data image combination (MEDIC) using water excitation. Inner and outer interface contours of acetabulum and femoral head cartilage are obtained using a semiautomated 3-D segmentation method and combined to form 3-D surfaces. A local spherical coordinate system computed from the original contours enables cartilage thickness and volume computation. An anatomical labeling is performed automatically for thickness and volume measurements in predefined subregions: inferior, anterior, superior, and posterior. A registration module is introduced allowing the assessment of cartilage changes over time. Validation of the system was conducted with three protocols each involving data obtained from nine subjects: 1) registration process accuracy; 2) intrareader reproducibility; and 3) intervisit coefficient of variation. Data showed excellent correlation coefficients for either the intrareader (r>or=0.0942, p<0.0001 ) or intervisit (r>or=0.0837, p<0.005) protocols. This noninvasive system, which enables the quantification of cartilage thickness and volume in the human hip joint using MRI, is the first to discriminate the acetabular and femoral head cartilage throughout the entire hip without the use of an external device, and to implement hip registration for follow-up studies on the same subject.