gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A DC–DC Converter for a Fully Integrated PID Compensator With a Single Capacitor (2014)

In this brief, proportional-integral-derivative (PID) compensation with a single capacitor for a fully integrated controller employed in a direct DC-DC converter operating in a voltage mode is presented. To make up a compact-area on-chip controller, a novel compensator is proposed, utilizing the AC ripple current of the inductor, which enables the PID controller to be implemented with only one capacitor and one resistor. The converter runs not only in a continuous conduction mode (CCM) but also in a discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The bandwidth of the overall loop is 120-200 kHz, which supports a fast transient response at a switching frequency of 1 MHz. The stability of the loop is guaranteed by theoretical analysis and experimental results to validate the proposed concept. The settling time is less than 85 μs at a load change of 1 A, and overshoot/undershoot voltages are within 50 mV. The buck converter with an input of 3.6 V and an output of 2.5 V for a maximum power of 3.125 W is fabricated in the 0.35-μm CMOS process, occupying a die area of 0.75 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
On the Evaluation of a Class of Inventory Policies for Perishable Products Such as Blood (1975)

A class of inventory and distribution policies for scheduled deliveries of perishable products subject to variable demand is modeled as a Markov chain with a manageable number of states. From its stationary distribution, such measures as probability of shortage, the average age of the inventory, and the average number discarded per time period are obtained. Easily computable bounds on these measures that indicate how they behave as functions of demand, and inventory policy parameters are developed.
A new type of ordered mesoporous carbon/polyaniline composites prepared by a two-step nanocasting method for high performance supercapacitor applications (2014)

A new type of ordered mesoporous carbon/polyaniline (OMCx/PANI) composite with a hexagonally ordered mesostructure was prepared by a two-step nanocasting method using SBA-15 as a template. This method could protect the pore structure of OMCx from being blocked by PANI, and the in situ polymerization of aniline inside the pore structure between OMCx and SBA-15 could avoid the phase separation of OMCx and PANI. Pore-structure analysis showed that PANI was well coated over the surface of the OMCx's nanorod. Sample OMC8/PANI possessed high capacitance and excellent cycle performance. Although the capacitance value in this experiment was not among the highest, the new perspective to assemble nano-materials is very meaningful.
A Review of Multilevel Selective Harmonic Elimination PWM: Formulations, Solving Algorithms, Implementation and Applications (2014)

Selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (SHE-PWM) offers tight control of the harmonic spectrum of a given voltage and/or current waveform generated by a power electronics converter. Owing to its formulation and focus on elimination of low-order harmonics, it is highly beneficial for high-power converters operating with low switching frequencies. Over the last decade, the application of SHE-PWM has been extended to include multilevel converters. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the SHE-PWM modulation technique, aimed at its application to multilevel converters. This review focuses on various aspects of multilevel SHE-PWM, including different problem formulations, solving algorithms, and implementation in various multilevel converter topologies. An overview of current and future applications of multilevel SHE-PWM is also provided.
Possibilities of Immunohistochemical Investigation on Human Temporal Bone (1987)

After preliminary studies on human tonsillar tissue, lymph node tissue, or tissue from the appendix, it could be shown that after a fixation in Bouin solution or in sublimate-formaldehyde solution and subsequent embedding of the tissue in paraffinwax, the structure of the immunoglobulins present in the tissue remains intact. Even after long-term decalcification of the fixed tissue in EDTA, its structure does not alter and the immunoglobulins can be detected in high dilution either by the direct immunofluorescence method or with peroxidase-antiperoxidase. Human temporal bones from healthy individuals were fixed in Bouin solution or in sublimate-formaldehyde solution and incubated for sufficient time in EDTA decalcification solution until they were radiologically free of calcium. After embedding in paraffinwax or Paraplast, the immunoglobulins of the middle ear mucosa could be identified with the immunohistochemical methods described above. For the first time, localized immunoglobulins including the secretory component in the endolymphatic sac could also be demonstrated. The method is so sensitive that the binding of antibodies from the serum of patients with possibly immunopathological inner ear conditions can be detected by means of the indirect immunofluorescence test. Furthermore, other immunohistochemical assay methods can also be carried out with these methods (e.g. neuropeptide detection.
Natural language processing for information retrieval: the time is ripe (again) (2007)

Paraphrasing van Rijsbergen [37], the time is ripe for another attempt at using natural language processing (NLP) for information retrieval (IR). This paper introduces my dissertation study, which will explore methods for integrating modern NLP with state-of-the-art IR techniques. In addition to text, I will also apply retrieval to conversational speech data, which poses a unique set of considerations in comparison to text. Greater use of NLP has potential to improve both text and speech retrieval.
Eicosanoids and the liver. (1990)

Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are ubiquitous mediators of a wide variety of physiologic and immunologic effects in liver function and disease. Although the biochemical, synthetic and catabolic pathways of these compounds from arachidonic acid are well known, their cellular mechanisms of action are less well understood. Numerous studies have demonstrated the role for leukotrienes in the pathogenesis and the protective action of PG in experimental animal models of liver injury. These have included models of liver cell damage due to ischemia, galactosamine, carbon tetrachloride, and lipopolysaccharide. More importantly, the results of these studies have led to the demonstration of protective properties of 16, 16 dimethyl PGE2 (dm PGE2) in a mouse model of viral hepatitis. These results have led to the use of IV PGE1 in the treatment of patients with fulminant viral hepatitis, where 71% overall survival was observed as well as in the setting of primary non function and recurrent hepatitis B following liver transplantation. While the mechanisms of prostaglandin hepatic protection are not well understood, it has been demonstrated that dm PGE2 abrogates the induction of tumour necrosis factor, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and procoagulant activity by macrophages as well as attenuating the expression of major histocompatibility class antigens on the surface of hepatocytes, and may inhibit viral replication. Finally, prostaglandins are known to play a role in the renal dysfunction associated with cirrhosis and fulminant hepatic failure, and therefore further studies of these agents in the pathophysiology and treatment of liver diseases and their complications are warranted.
The Teradata SQL3 Multimedia Database Server (2009)

Multimedia applications??-??such as fingerprint matching, signature verification, face recognition, and speech recognition or translation??-??require complex abstract data-type support within database management systems. However, conventional databases are not designed to support multimedia. In this chapter, we describe several multimedia database challenges and explain how Teradata solves these problems with its SQL3 Multimedia Database system. A key component of this system is the Multimedia Object Manager, a general-purpose content-based multimedia server designed for the symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) and massively parallel processor (MPP) environments. The Teradata SQL3 Multimedia Database system allows users to define and manipulate user-defined functions (UDFs), which are invoked in parallel in the Multimedia Object Manager to analyze/manipulate the contents of multimedia objects. The two key characteristics of this subsystem are its support for content-based retrieval and multimodal integration. We provide an in-depth analysis of retrieval techniques using feature extraction and spatial indices. We also illustrate the power of multimodal integration by walking through the development of a complex application involving the generation of a ?>talking agent, ?> which uses speech, image, and video data types within the database system.
Role of Mirna in HIV-1 Latency (2008)

Postintegration latency of HIV-1 is achieved when host cells contain integrated provirus but viral particles are not being produced. When the cells are activated, infectious viruses can be produced from the cells. Latent infection is one of the important characteristics for all HIV-1 strains to survive in vivo. To avoid exposing itself to immune recognition, HIV-1 has evolved various strategies to prevent the expression of viral antigens. The resting CD4+ T lymphocytes infected with HIV-1 in a state of latency are the major reservoir for viral relapse after termination of highly active antiretroviral therapy. It has been demonstrated that the latency could be due to the transcriptional inefficiency and post-transcriptional suppression. Recent studies have also found that the cellular miRNAs inhibit HIV-1 expression in primary resting CD4+ T cells by interactions with the 3´-termini of HIV-1 RNA, and therefore contribute to viral latency. It is known that almost all spliced or unspliced HIV-1 mRNAs share the same 3´-terminus as their 3´-untranslated region during translation. The cellular miRNAs, which bind to the 3´-end of HIV-1 RNA, can inhibit the translation of almost all HIV-1 encoded proteins, including Tat and Rev, which play a key role in the transcription and translocation of viral RNA. Inefficient Tat and Rev protein synthesis could further enforce the viral latency. Therefore, manipulation of cellular miRNAs could become a novel strategy to activate HIV-1 latency for therapeutic purposes.
Cost-Sensitive Learning with Neural Networks. (1998)

In the usual setting of Machine Learning, classifiers are typically evaluated by estimating their error rate (or equivalently, the classification accuracy) on the test data. However, this makes sense only if all errors have equal (uniform) costs. When the costs of errors differ between each other, the classifiers should be evaluated by comparing the total costs of the errors.
Expression of human adenosine deaminase from various strong promoters after gene transfer into human hematopoietic cell lines (1989)

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is associated with a fatal severe combined immunodeficiency. Because most patients do not have a suitable marrow donor, the introduction of a normal ADA gene into the patient's marrow cells is a potentially useful alternative therapy. To identify vectors that provide optimal gene expression in human hematopoietic cells, we investigated retroviral vectors containing the ADA gene under the transcriptional control of the promoter/enhancers of Moloney murine leukemia virus, the simian virus 40 early region, the cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene, the lymphotropic papovavirus, and the human beta-globin gene. ADA expression from these vectors was monitored in the ADA- human histiocytic lymphoma cell line DHL-9, and in the multipotential chronic myeloid leukemia cell line K562. ADA expression in infected K562 cells was also measured after induction of megakaryoblastic differentiation by phorbol ester, and after induction of erythroid differentiation by sodium n-butyrate or hemin. In these hematopoietic cell lines, the vectors that contained ADA controlled by either the Moloney murine leukemia virus promoter (LASN) or the cytomegalovirus promoter (LNCA) expressed ADA at much higher levels than the other vectors tested. Furthermore, in K562 cells infected with LASN and LNCA vectors, induction of terminal differentiation resulted in the same or higher level expression of ADA. These cell lines have permitted the evaluation of transduced gene expression in proliferating and differentiating hematopoietic cells that provide a model for bone marrow-targeted gene therapy.
Interactions between Plants and Epiphytic Bacteria Regarding Their Auxin Metabolism VI. The Influence of the Epiphytic Bacteria on the Content of Extractable Auxin in the Plant (1969)

Abstract Sterile plants of maize, pea, and cucumber contain less auxin (extracted with methanol or ether) than nonsterile ones. The auxin content is restored within one day by reinfecting sterile plants (or only the shoots, with roots and culture medium remaining sterile) with epiphytic bacteria strains able to produce IAA or with soaking water of nonsterile seeds. Reinfection with bacteria, strains unable to produce IAA is ineffective. — The possibility of a bacterial auxin production during methanol extraction was excluded.
Antioxidants reduce grape yield reductions from photochemical smog. (1970)

INJURY TO GRAPES by Los Angeles type (photochemical) smog was recognized as early as 1957. The component of this mixture which causes the most damage is ozone. A “stipple” condition of leaves characterized by small brown areas of dead cells develops where smog is heavy, usually in May or early June. As the season progresses these leaves turn bronze and drop. Some conifers develop a yellow mottle on the needles which progresses, with continued exposure to ozone, to severe chlorosis and defoliation. Citrus may develop irregular-shaped brown to black spots on the upper leaf suface.
Modeling water table fluctuations by means of a stochastic differential equation (1998)

The combined system of soil‐water and shallow groundwater is modeled with simple mass balance equations assuming equilibrium soil moisture conditions. This results in an ordinary but nonlinear differential equation of water table depth at a single location. If errors in model inputs, errors due to model assumptions and parameter uncertainty are lumped and modeled as a wide band noise process, a stochastic differential equation (SDE) results. A solution for the stationary probability density function is given through use of the Fokker‐Planck equation. For the nonstationary case, where the model inputs are given as daily time series, sample functions of water table depth, soil saturation, and drainage discharge can be simulated by numerically solving the SDE. These sample functions can be used for designing drainage systems and to perform risk analyses. The parameters and noise statistics of the SDE are calibrated on time series of water table depths by embedding the SDE in a Kaiman filter algorithm and using the filter innovations in a filter‐type maximum likelihood criterion. The stochastic model is calibrated and validated at two locations: a peat soil with a very shallow water table and a loamy sand soil with a moderately shallow water table. It is shown in both cases that sample functions simulated with the SDE are able to reproduce a wide range of statistics of water table depth. Despite its unrealistic assumption of constant inputs, the stationary solution derived from the Fokker‐Planck equation gives good results for the peat soil, most likely because the characteristic response time of the water table is very small.
A kinetic model for RNA-interference of focal adhesions (2013)

The suggested model provides a kinetic description of the effect of RNA-interference of focal adhesions. Its predictions are in good agreement with known experimental results and can now guide the design of RNAi-experiments. In the future, it can be extended to include more components of the adhesome. It also could be extended by spatial aspects, for example by the differential activation of the Rac- and Rho-pathways in different parts of the cell.
Removal of <i>N</i>‐methylpyrrolidone hydrogen‐bonded to polyaniline free‐standing films by protonation–deprotonation cycles or thermal heating (2001)

Abstract Free‐standing films of polyaniline (PANI), in an emeraldine base state, prepared by evaporation of polymer solutions in N ‐methylpyrrolidone (NMP) retain solvent even under dynamic vacuum drying as indicated by transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, where a band at 1670 cm −1 is clearly observed. Upon protonation–deprotonation cycles in aqueous media the weight of the dry base film decreases indicating gradual loss of NMP. Transmission FTIR spectra shows also the washing out of NMP with a clear decrease in intensity of the hydrogen‐bonded >CO stretching band (1670 cm −1 ) of NMP. During this process the bands between 3500 and 3200 cm −1 , assigned to >NH stretching in the PANI backbone, change intensity suggesting that intermolecular hydrogen‐bonded >NH, with carbonyl oxygen of NMP, is replaced by free >NH. This is clear evidence of specific interaction of NMP with the emeraldine base. A similar loss of NMP is observed during heating but evidence of polymer degradation is also present. A mechanism is proposed to account for the loss of hydrogen‐bonding ability upon protonation which requires delocalization of the radical cations in the protonated films. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
State reform and privatization in the 1990s: the prospective electric sector (2018)

The Brazilian electricity sector underwent a series of reforms and restructurings during the 1990s. This movement marked a complex relationship in the redefinition of State performance, especially those practiced in the electric sector. More and more the discourse and ideology were built that the developmental state that was in force in the past was unsuccessful and that there was a need for a set of market oriented reforms. This process was marked by interests of classes, class fractions, elites and national and international businessmen who knew how to take advantage of privatizations very well. The discussion, however modest, of these questions is our purpose in this article.
Flexible IoT Middleware for Integration of Things and Applications (2014)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly growing system of physical sensors and connected devices, enabling an advanced information gathering, interpretation and monitoring. However, IoT must be supported by a middleware that allows IoT consumers and IoT application developers to interact in a
Calmodulin signaling via the IQ motif (2001)

The IQ motif is widely distributed in both myosins and non-myosins and is quite common in the database that includes more than 900 Pfam entries. An examination of IQ motif-containing proteins that are known to bind calmodulin (CaM) indicates a wide diversity of biological functions that parallel the Ca2+-dependent targets. These proteins include a variety of neuronal growth proteins, myosins, voltage-operated channels, phosphatases, Ras exchange proteins, sperm surface proteins, a Ras Gap-like protein, spindle-associated proteins and several proteins in plants. The IQ motif occurs in some proteins with Ca2+-dependent CaM interaction where it may promote Ca2+-independent retention of CaM. The action of the IQ motif may result in complex signaling as observed for myosins and the L-type Ca2+ channels and is highly localized as required for sites of neuronal polarized growth and plasticity, fertilization, mitosis and cytoskeletal organization. The IQ motif associated with the unconventional myosins also promotes Ca2+ regulation of the vectorial movement of cellular constituents to these sites. Additional regulatory roles for this versatile motif seem likely.
Design and fabrication of a polarization-independent wideband transmission fused-silica grating (2010)

A fused-silica polarization-independent wideband transmission grating used in the -1st order (Littrow mounting) for chirped-pulse-amplification, high-power lasers is designed and manufactured. An approximate grating profile can be obtained by using the simplified modal method with consideration for the corresponding accumulated phase difference of two excited propagating grating modes. An exact grating profile is optimized by using the rigorous coupled-wave analysis. With the optimized profile parameters, the gratings can theoretically exhibit diffraction efficiencies of greater than 97% at a wavelength of 800 nm for both of TE- and TM-polarized waves. Diffraction efficiencies of greater than 92% can be obtained in a 100 nm bandwidth (from 750 to 850 nm) for both TE- and TM-polarized waves. Holographic recording technology and inductively coupled plasma etching are used to manufacture the fused-silica grating. Experimental results agree well with the theoretical values.
Expression of MicroRNAs in the Stem Cell Niche of the Adult Mouse Incisor (2011)

The mouse incisor is a valuable but under-utilized model organ for studying the behavior of adult stem cells. This remarkable tooth grows continuously throughout the animal's lifetime and houses two distinct epithelial stem cell niches called the labial and lingual cervical loop (laCL and liCL, respectively). These stem cells produce progeny that undergo a series of well-defined differentiation events en route to becoming enamel-producing ameloblasts. During this differentiation process, the progeny move out of the stem cell niche and migrate toward the distal tip of the tooth. Although the molecular pathways involved in tooth development are well documented, little is known about the roles of miRNAs in this process. We used microarray technology to compare the expression of miRNAs in three regions of the adult mouse incisor: the laCL, liCL, and ameloblasts. We identified 26 and 35 differentially expressed miRNAs from laCL/liCL and laCL/ameloblast comparisons, respectively. Out of 10 miRNAs selected for validation by qPCR, all transcripts were confirmed to be differentially expressed. In situ hybridization and target prediction analyses further supported the reliability of our microarray results. These studies point to miRNAs that likely play a role in the renewal and differentiation of adult stem cells during stem cell-fueled incisor growth.
ATYPICAL BOVINE PESTIVIRUSES (review) (2015)

Increasingly frequent outbreaks of atypical viral infections, detection of new viruses, modified isolates and quasispecies with a confirmed or potential emergence have become a worrying feature of the last decades characterized by extremely close international dealings. For the cattle industry, they pose real and serious threat because of a tendency to spread widely and quickly due to globalization and the use of standardized zootechnical and veterinary protocols. The Flaviviridae family comprises several genera of which the genus Pestivirus, including four viruses, i.e. the cattle viral diarrhea -mucosal disease (VD-MD) virus types 1 and 2, swine fever virus and sheep border disease virus, are important to farm animals (http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp). The characteristics of a new group of viruses genus Pestivirus of the Flaviviridae family, allocated in the period from 2000 to 2014 from the buffalo and cattle, as well as fetal calf serum used for cell cultures and vaccines production harvested in Australia, Canada, Mexico, Brazil and the United States and packaged in Europe (H.
Stabilized UAV flight system design for structure safety inspection (2014)

For the small air vehicle-based structure safety inspection, it is very important to collect the images without shaking and the data by manipulating the air vehicle, even though the inspector does not have professional experience. In this article, the method for the stabilized flight system design for the safety inspection of the small air vehicle-based structures.