gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Building secure products and solutions (2007)

Many security vulnerabilities in current information technology (IT) solutions and products are the result of a piecemeal “strap-on” security approach. The inclusion of many security add-ons, such as firewalls, antivirus software, intrusion detection systems (IDSs), and intrusion prevention systems (IPSs), may imply that the security objectives were an afterthought, not adequately defined initially, or that the required security objectives were never met by the individual system components. In fact, a “grounds-up” approach to security, where each component is individually secure, in a defined network deployment scenario helps meet the need of minimal risk exposure. Security should not be bolted on; rather, it should be the prime consideration from the beginning and throughout the entire lifecycle—from concept to deployment and ongoing operation for each product in the solution. Given the ever-increasing sophistication of attacks, developing and monitoring secure products have become increasingly difficult. Despite the wide- scale awareness of common security flaws in software products, e.g., buffer overflows, resource exhaustion, and structured query language (SQL) injection, the same flaws continue to exist in some of the current products. The objective of this paper is to introduce a technology-agnostic approach to integrating security into the product development lifecycle. The approach leverages the Bell Labs Security Framework, the foundation of the International Telecommunication Union, Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) X.805 global standard. Building this framework into the product lifecycle supports the goal of realizing secure products. The security framework can be applied to any product domain to facilitate security requirements analysis and the development of usable tools such as checklists, guidelines, and security policies. The application of Bell Labs Security Framework concepts and its use in the development of secure products are illustrated using the example of a centrally managed firewall product. © 2007 Alcatel-Lucent.
Syntheses of Antitumor Morphinane Alkaloids, Sinococuline and 6-epi-, 7-epi-, and 6-epi-7-epi-Sinococuline, from Sinomenine (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of Antitumor Morphinane Alkaloids, Sinococuline and 6-epi-, 7-epi-, and 6-epi-7-epi-Sinococuline, from SinomenineYukio Hitotsuyanagi, Kunihiko Nishimura, Hiroshi Ikuta, Koichi Takeya, and Hideji ItokawaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 14, 4549–4558Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00119a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00119a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views608Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Managing discoveries in the visual analytics process (2007)

Visualization systems traditionally focus on graphical representation of information. They tend not to provide integrated analytical services that could aid users in tackling complex knowledge discovery tasks. Users' exploration in such environments is usually impeded due to several problems: 1) valuable information is hard to discover when too much data is visualized on the screen; 2) Users have to manage and organize their discoveries off line, because no systematic discovery management mechanism exists; 3) their discoveries based on visual exploration alone may lack accuracy; and 4)they have no convenient access to the important knowledge learned by other users. To tackle these problems, it has been recognized that analytical tools must be introduced into visualization systems. In this paper, we present a novel analysis-guided exploration system, called the Nugget Management System (NMS). It leverages the collaborative effort of human comprehensibility and machine computations to facilitate users' visual exploration processes. Specifically, NMS first helps users extract the valuable information (nuggets) hidden in datasets based on their interests. Given that similar nuggets may be rediscovered by different users, NMS consolidates the nugget candidate set by clustering based on their semantic similarity. To solve the problem of inaccurate discoveries, localized data mining techniques are applied to refine the nuggets to best represent the captured patterns in datasets. Visualization techniques are then employed to present our collected nugget pool and thus create the nugget view. Based on the nugget view, interaction techniques are designed to help users observe and organize the nuggets in a more intuitive manner and eventually faciliate their sense-making process. We integrated NMS into XmdvTool, a freeware multivariate visualization system. User studies were performed to compare the users' efficiency and accuracy in finishing tasks on real datasets, with and without the help of NMS. Our user studies confirmed the effectiveness of NMS.
Preventing Urinary Incontinence With Supervised Prenatal Pelvic Floor Exercises (2015)

Pregnancy is a major cause of urinary incontinence (UI) in women. Urinary incontinence occurs during pregnancy or postpartum in about 30% to 50% of patients. The use of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) supervised by a therapist as a treatment for women with UI has demonstrated effectiveness for postpartum UI; however, the value of PFMT for prevention of postnatal UI is less well established. Some trials, including those with the largest number of patients, reported negative results. Other trials suggested efficacy in late pregnancy and postpartum. Pelvic floor training in the majority of these trials was supervised by teams specializing in this type of care. This multicenter randomized controlled trial was designed to test the hypothesis that supervised prenatal pelvic floor exercises would prevent or reduce the severity of postnatal UI compared with written instructions alone in an unselected population of nulliparous pregnant women. A total of 282 nulliparous women 18 years or older recruited from 5 university teaching hospitals in France were randomized during the second trimester of pregnancy to a control group or a physiotherapy group. All women in both groups received written instructions about how to perform exercises at home. In addition to written instructions, each woman in the physiotherapy group received individual PFMT supervised by a therapist. Blinded assessments were performed at baseline, end of pregnancy, and 2 and 12 months postpartum. The primary outcome assessed was UI severity at 12 months postpartum, measured with an International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire–Urinary Incontinence Short Form score (range, 0–21, with 0 = no incontinence, 21 = all the time incontinence, and between 1 and 5 = slight incontinence). Secondary outcomes included UI prevalence and pelvic floor troubles assessed using self-administered questionnaires. To give a difference of 1 point, 12 months postpartum in the UI severity score, 182 patients were needed, 91 in each group (SD, 2.4; α = 0.05, β = 0.20; and bilateral analysis). Between February 2008 and June 2010, 140 women were randomized into the physiotherapy group and 142 into the control group. There was no significant difference between groups in UI severity, prevalence, or pelvic floor troubles at baseline, end of pregnancy, and at 2 and 12 months postpartum. The primary outcome was available from 190 women (67.4%) at 12 months postpartum (93 in the physiotherapy group and 97 in the control group); mean UI severity was 1.9 in the physiotherapy group and 2.1 in the control group (P = 0.38). No treatment-related adverse effects were reported in the physiotherapy group. These data show that prenatal supervised pelvic floor contraction exercises are not superior to written instructions in prevention of postpartum UI in primiparous women.
Twin evolution near the phase transformation of In<sub>77.5</sub>Tl<sub>22.5</sub> (1999)

Abstract The evolution of the martensitic twin microstructure in In77.5Tl22.5 single crystals was investigated by atomic force microscopy. During the reverse martensitic transformation the twins gradually flatten to disappear completely at the austenite finish temperature. The experimentally determined temperature dependence of the height of the twin profile agrees with the theoretical predictions of Barsch and Krumhansl.
ProDisc-L Total Disc Replacement (2007)

This study was unable to identify a statistically significant difference in outcome between 1- and 2-level ProDisc arthroplasty patients in a cohort from a single center. The equality of clinical effectiveness between 1- and 2-level ProDisc has yet to be determined.
Rearranging The Bicyclo[3.1.0]Hexane Template Of Carbocyclic Nucleosides To Improve Binding Recognition By Kinases (2007)

A novel bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane carbocyclic nucleoside (4) with a south-like conformation amenable to interact with the herpes thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) was synthesized with an endo-hydroxyl group positioned at the tip of the bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane ring system opposite to the tip of the fused cyclopropane ring. The introduction of the hydroxymethyl chain through a Baylis-Hillman type reaction and the regioselective opening of a cyclic sulfite intermediate to introduce the nitrogen functionality at the correct position are highlighted.
Compositional and stoichiometric analysis of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin complexes in Caco-2 cells and claudin 4 fibroblast transfectants (2007)

Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) binds to host cell receptors, forming a small complex precursor for two large complexes reportedly having molecular masses of approximately 155 or approximately 200 kDa. Formation of the approximately 155 kDa complex causes a Ca(2+) influx that leads to apoptosis or oncosis. CPE complex composition is currently poorly understood, although occludin was identified in the approximately 200 kDa complex. The current study used heteromer gel shift analysis to show both CPE large complexes contain six CPE molecules. Ferguson plots and size exclusion chromatography re-sized the approximately 155 and approximately 200 kDa complexes as approximately 425-500 kDa and approximately 550-660 kDa respectively. Co-immunoprecipitation and electroelution studies demonstrated both CPE-binding and non-CPE-binding claudins are associated with all three CPE complexes in Caco-2 cells and with small complex and approximately 425-500 kDa complex of claudin 4 transfectants. Fibroblast transfectants expressing claudin 4 or C-terminal truncated claudin 4 were CPE-sensitive and formed the approximately 425 kDa complex, indicating claudin-induced cell signalling is not required for CPE action and that expression of a single receptor claudin suffices for approximately 425-500 kDa CPE complex formation. These results identify CPE as a unique toxin that combines with tight junction proteins to form high-molecular-mass hexameric pores and alter membrane permeability.
From “business continuity” to “back to business” for orthopaedic surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Orthopaedic departments have adopted business continuity models and guidelines for essential and non-essential surgeries to preserve hospital resources as well as protect patients and staff. These guidelines broadly encompass reduction of ambulatory care with a move towards telemedicine, redeployment of orthopaedic surgeons/residents to the frontline battle against COVID-19, continuation of education and research through web-based means, and cancellation of non-essential elective procedures. However, if containment of COVID-19 community spread is achieved, resumption of elective orthopaedic procedures and transition plans to return to normalcy must be considered for orthopaedic departments. The COVID-19 pandemic also presents a moral dilemma to the orthopaedic surgeon considering elective procedures. What is the best treatment for our patients and how does the fear of COVID-19 influence the risk-benefit discussion during a pandemic? Surgeons must deliberate the fine balance between elective surgery for a patient’s wellbeing versus risks to the operating team and utilization of precious hospital resources. Attrition of healthcare workers or Orthopaedic surgeons from restarting elective procedures prematurely or in an unsafe manner may render us ill-equipped to handle the second wave of infections. This highlights the need to develop effective screening protocols or preoperative COVID-19 testing before elective procedures in high-risk, elderly individuals with comorbidities. Alternatively, high-risk individuals should be postponed until the risk of nosocomial COVID-19 infection is minimal. In addition, given the higher mortality and perioperative morbidity of patients with COVID-19 undergoing surgery, the decision to operate must be carefully deliberated. As we ramp-up elective services and get “back to business” as orthopaedic surgeons, we have to be constantly mindful to proceed in a cautious and calibrated fashion, delivering the best care, while maintaining utmost vigilance to prevent the resurgence of COVID-19 during this critical transition period. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-6:222–228.
Modeling MFM images of periodic magnetization patterns (abstract) (1996)

Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) is a powerful technique that has gained wide acceptance in the imaging of magnetization patterns. However, MFM images are ‘‘raw’’ images, and they are not necessarily identical to the original images of the magnetization patterns. In an attempt to investigate the relationship between the raw images and the magnetization patterns, we present a theoretical analysis of the MFM images through numerical computations. In this way, we show the dependence of the images on both the orientation of the probe’s magnetic moment and the interaction between the probe moment and the sample magnetic fields. For a pure sinusoidal magnetization pattern, a vertical orientation of the MFM probe’s magnetic moment will yield images that follow the magnetic charge density distribution, while a horizontal orientation of the probe will yield MFM images that follow the magnetization patterns themselves. We investigate the deviation from this correlation between the images and the magnetization distribution when magnetization patterns are not purely sinusoidal. Computations are performed for periodic patterns with linear and arctangent transitions. To model the interaction of the tip with the sample’s magnetic fields, we model the tip as a Stoner–Wohlfarth particle. This allows us to investigate how the tip–sample interaction may distort the MFM image. Our modeling suggests that in general there is no direct correlation between the raw MFM image and the actual magnetization distribution. This makes a strong case for the implementation of image reconstruction techniques.
Bandwidth prediction for high-performance interconnections (2002)

This paper compares the major classes of chip-to-chip and on-chips interconnections used in high-performance computers and communication systems. Measurement of dielectric loss is shown and the attenuation is compared for printed-circuit-board, glass-ceramic, thin-film, and on-chip wiring. Simulation results are shown with representative driver and receiver circuits, guidelines are formulated for when losses are significant, and predictions are made for the sustainable bandwidths on useful wiring lengths.
Human-level CMR image analysis with deep fully convolutional networks. (2017)

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is a standard imaging modality for assessing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of death globally. CMR enables accurate quantification of the cardiac chamber volume, ejection fraction and myocardial mass, providing a wealth of information for sensitive and specific diagnosis and monitoring of CVDs. However, for years, clinicians have been relying on manual approaches for CMR image analysis, which is time consuming and prone to subjective errors. It is a major clinical challenge to automatically derive quantitative and clinically relevant information from CMR images. Deep neural networks have shown a great potential in image pattern recognition and segmentation for a variety of tasks. Here we demonstrate an automated analysis method for CMR images, which is based on a fully convolutional network (FCN). The network is trained and evaluated on a dataset of unprecedented size, consisting of 4,875 subjects with 93,500 pixelwise annotated images, which is by far the largest annotated CMR dataset. By combining FCN with a large-scale annotated dataset, we show for the first time that an automated method achieves a performance on par with human experts in analysing CMR images and deriving clinical measures. We anticipate this to be a starting point for automated and comprehensive CMR analysis with human-level performance, facilitated by machine learning. It is an important advance on the pathway towards computer-assisted CVD assessment.
Rabbit cornea epithelization after the antlerogenic stem cells of Cervus elaphus homogenate (2014)

Abstract Purpose There are many possibly cause of disturbances of the injured cornea epithelization, like for example corneal limbal stem‐cell deficiency, diabetes. Growing antlers constitute a model organ for examining regeneration processes of tissues because they are the only mammalian appendages capable of regeneration. Methods New Zealand White rabbits were used, one eye of each animal was treated, and the fellow eye was the control. Erosion of the corneal epithelium was performed: after local anesthesia a 3 mm diameter disc soaked in n‐heptanol was placed on the cornea for 30 seconds. Then the eye was washed with a saline. Formulation was made of antlerogenic stem cells of Cervus elaphus cultured under standard conditions. After homogenization of 500000 cells we received 1ml of drops or gel. Rabbits received the homogenate ‐ drops or gel ‐ 3 times a day. The eyes were examined using slit lamp, fluorescein staining and photography of the cornea ‐ test and 10 hours after injury. The surface of the damaged cornea was measured in pixels, analyzing the extent of damage using Adobe Photoshop CS4 Extende Results The results were averaged ‐ assessing the reduction in the surface of the wound over time. The experiment was terminated to obtain 100% of the closing of each corneal wound ‐ test and control groups. Corneal healing treated by the investigated preparations followed on the second day and on the 3rd day in the control group. There was observed no magnification the lesion of the injury in case of gel application in the first 10 hours. Conclusion Further experimental and clinical studies of Cervus elaphus stem cells are recommended. They are necessary for evaluation of usefulness to treat corneal injures.
Modification of a Commercial <i>Toxoplasma Gondii</i> Immunoglobulin G Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for use in Multiple Animal Species (2011)

A challenge faced by veterinary diagnosticians in serologic analysis for exposure to pathogens is the need for a protein conjugate capable of antibody attachment in many animal species. The advent of protein conjugates that are less specific in nature allows diagnosis across many species with little or no modification of technique. Toxoplasma gondii is an organism of veterinary interest that has been demonstrated to infect a plethora of warm-blooded animals. However, the serologic tests available for simultaneous diagnosis in this broad range are limited in number. The current study examined the use of an immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) modified by the use of non-species-specific protein conjugates in domestic animal species commonly submitted to diagnostic laboratories for evaluation of Toxoplasma exposure status. Comparison with results from an established indirect hemagglutination technique revealed very good agreement between the 2 test methods. This modification of the ELISA provides a useful method for veterinary diagnosticians to perform rapid and accurate evaluation of multiple animal species for Toxoplasma exposure using a single test.
Early-stage heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in the pig: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study (2016)

The study was approved by the local Bioethics Committee of Vienna, Austria (BMWF-66.010/0091-II/3b/2013).
Predicting the DNSSEC overhead using DNS traces (2006)

Even though the key ideas behind DNSSEC have been introduced quite some time ago DNSSEC has not yet seen large scale deployment. This is in large part due to the anticipated overhead of DNSSEC. While the overheads have been reduced by the introduction of the delegation signer model, it is still not clear if they are bearable. Therefore, we in this paper examine the actual overheads of DNSSEC. We first examine how the packet sizes of a DNS trace increase if DNSSEC would be used. Then we explore the CPU and memory overheads imposed by DNSSEC by replaying a DNS client trace in a testbed initialized with roughly 100,000 zones.
Isolation of Bluetongue Virus 24 from India - An Exotic Serotype to Australasia (2016)

Bluetongue (BT) is a viral disease of ruminants and is caused by different serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV), which is transmitted by several species of Culicoides midges. The disease is endemic in tropical areas, and incursions have been observed in some of the temperate areas. Twenty-seven recognized serotypes of BTV have been reported so far. Some serotype viruses have been shown to circulate in certain geographical areas. BTV-24 has been reported from Africa, the Mediterranean and the Americas, whereas it is exotic to Australasia. Here, we report isolation of BTV-24 from India and show that it has high sequence homology in genome segment 2 with other Western isolates of BTV-24. Entry of this serotype into Australasian region is a cause of concern.