gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virologic Safety of Polyvinyl Chloride Film in Dermoscopic Analysis of Mucosal Areas (2007)

Background: Increasing evidence supports the diagnostic accuracy of epiluminescence microscopy in non-invasive diagnosis of mucosal pigmented lesions. In particular, dermoscopy may play a relevant role in the preoperative assessment of suspicious lesions, providing morphologic criteria for the differentiation of melanoma from other melanocytic and nonmelanocytic mucosal pigmented lesions. The need to avoid transmission of infectious agents, is a requirement of primary importance in routine dermoscopic examination of mucosal sites.\nObjective: To evaluate the adequacy of disposable protective material to prevent probe contamination during dermoscopic observation of mucosal surfaces, a PVC film usually employed in packaging foodstuffs was tested. \nDesign: PCR assay to evaluate barrier effectiveness of PVC film in preventing diffusion of viruses.\nIntervention: An experimental system was set up to verify whether PVC film is effective in preventing diffusion of virus particles during an incubation time comparable to that needed for the dermoscopic examination.\nTo this purpose, increasing concentrations of HSV-2 and HIV-1 suspended in sterile solution were placed on one side of the membrane and incubated in sterile conditions for up to 30 min at room temperature. Virus diffusion through the membrane was evaluated by PCR and rtPCR. The investigation was performed on PVC samples both in pre-use conditions and in controlled, simulated clinical use conditions.\nSetting: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of Microbiology, University of Ferrara.\nMain outcome measures: The lack of viral sequences on the unexposed side of the membrane indicated that PVC efficiently prevents virus diffusion.\nResults: PVC film prevented the diffusion of HSV-2 and HIV-1 for virus concentrations up to 107 copies/ml (corresponding to about 105 PFU for HSV-2 and 105 TCID50 for HIV-1), which are 100-fold higher than those found in biologic fluid of patients with asymptomatic infection. No differences were observed between membranes in pre-use conditions and in simulated clinical use conditions.\nConclusions: our findings show PVC film effectiveness in preventing viral diffusion and suggest its safety to ensure probe uncontamination during dermoscopic observation. The interposition of PVC film allows an unmodified view of the pigmented lesions in comparison with the standard procedure, as previously reported1. The application of a PVC film to cover the probe surface is proposed as a safe and efficient disposable barrier in routine dermoscopic observations of mucosal sites.
<i>Solisphaera</i>gen. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae), a new coccolithophore genus from the lower photic zone (2006)

J. Bollmann, M.Y. Corté S, A. Kleijne, J.B. Østergaard and J.R. Young. 2006. Solisphaera gen. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae), a new coccolithophore genus from the lower photic zone.Phycologia 45: 465–477. DOI: 10.2216/05-14.1Solisphaera gen. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae) is described from the lower photic zone of the Pacific Ocean, the North Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. Differences in coccolith morphology between Solisphaera and members of Rhabdosphaer-aceae are certainly substantial enough to warrant the erection of a separate genus that should probably be categorised asincertae sedis aff. Rhabdosphaeraceae. The new genus accommodates three new species, S. emidasia sp. nov., S. blagnacensis sp. nov. and S. helianthiformis sp. nov. and the presence of a corona of process-bearing coccoliths around the cell is a key feature that unites the three species in the new genus Solisphaera, while the shape of these coronal coccoliths provides the main character for separating them at species level. A remarkable feature of this genus is the tight interlocking of the coronal coccoliths, in almost all collapsed coccospheres the circle of coronal coccoliths remains intact. This is evidently due to the presence of notches at the base of the process into which the rims of adjacent coccoliths lock. All three species are restricted to the lower photic zone in the areas studied and apparent preferences for different depth levels of S. emidasia and S. blagnacensis, as well as their nutrient and light requirements, have to be confirmed by further analysis.
Polymorphisms of the estrogen-metabolizing genes CYP17 and catechol-O-methyltransferase and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. (2002)

Because some studies have linked polymorphic variants of the estrogen-metabolizing genes CYP17 and catechol O-methyl transferase (COMT) with risk for hormonally related cancers, we sought to determine whether selected polymorphisms of these genes differed between women with and without ovarian cancer. From a population-based study of ovarian cancer, we analyzed DNA from a total of 480 cases and controls. PCR amplification was performed using primers that amplify restriction sites for MspAI (A2 polymorphism-CYP17) and NlaIII (Val/Met polymorphism-COMT). Digestion of the PCR products was performed. Genotypes identified by gel electrophoresis were assigned as homozygous wild type (WW), heterozygous variant (Wv), and homozygous variant (vv). Frequencies were compared using chi(2) or Fisher's exact tests. Logistic regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted relative risks (RRs) for ovarian cancer associated with possession of any variant allele overall, and within demographic, weight, and smoking history categories, and by histological subtype of ovarian cancer. A portion (68.9%) of cases either carried or was homozygous for the A2 variant of CYP17 compared with 53.9% of controls, for a RR (and 95% confidence interval) of 1.86 (1.26, 2.75; P = 0.003), adjusted for age, parity, oral contraceptive use, site of study, and family history of breast or ovarian cancer. The increased risk was most apparent for women >50 and women with invasive serous cancers. A portion (71.9%) of cases either carried or was homozygous for the Val/Met variant of COMT, compared with 76.9% of controls (P = 0.27). Although the inverse association of ovarian cancer with possession of a Val/Met variant was not significant overall, it was for mucinous tumors of the ovary, with an adjusted RR of 0.28 (0.13, 0.61; P = 0.0012). Possession of the A2 variant of CYP17 appears to increase risk for ovarian cancer, whereas possession of the Val/Met variant of COMT decreases the risk for mucinous tumors. Confirmation in other populations and further exploration of potential pathogenetic mechanisms will be necessary.
Study of Exchange Phenomenon of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Children from 1997-2002 (2004)

Purpose:Mycoplasma pneumoniae(M. pneumoniae) is classified into two groups(I and II) by difference of DNA sequences in P1 protein. Between these two groups, there are some different immune responses and disease severity. M. pneumoniae pneumonia have epidemic outbreaks occurring every three to seven years and these outbreaks are related with rising of either group I or II. We studied cases of M. pneumoniae pneumonia during the past six years(November 1996-October 2002), to evaluate the prevalence and yearly distribution of each group. Methods:We enrolled 504 patients out of 547 patients, who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Sung-Ae and Kwangmyung Sung-Ae General Hospital from November 1996 to October 2002. They were diagnosed as M. pneumoniae pneumonia by clinical characteristics and indirect particle agglutination test of M. pneumoniae. To classify into two groups, the group specific polymerase chain reaction amplification were performed using specific oligonucleotide primers designed for P1 gene genotyping. Results:Group I(91.7%) occured more frequently than group II(8.3%) during the study period. There were outbreaks of M. pneumoniae pneumonia in 1997 and 2000, which showed epidemics of M. pneumoniae pneumonia were occuring every three or four years, but there was no exchange phenomenon between the two groups. Conclusion:Group I was more prevalent than group II with a three years cycle of epidemic outbreak from 1997 to 2002 in Korea. But, six years of research is a relatively short time to compare immune responses, disease severity and exchange phenomenon between the two groups. Further follow-up study will be needed for the epidemiologic and clinical studies of M. pneumoniae in Korea. (Korean J Pediatr 2004;47:24-30)
Preclinical Evaluation of Ice-Free Cryopreserved Arteries: Structural Integrity and Hemocompatibility (2012)

The formation of ice in aortic artery preservation did not make a difference in histology, structure or thrombogenicity, but significantly increased viability compared with a preservation method that precludes ice formation. Reduced cell viability should not reduce in vivo performance. Therefore, ice-free cryopreservation is a potentially safe and cost-effective technique for the cryopreservation of blood vessel allografts.
Threshold-reduced compact terahertz-wave parametric: Oscillator (2005)

We demonstrated a threshold-reduced compact terahertz-wave parametric oscillator, which uses high performance mirrors. It achieved threshold intensity reduction of 23%. We obtained THz-wave radiation in the range of 0.96 to 3 THz, thereby enhancing the output energy.
NRL/USNO two way time transfer modem design and test results (2003)

The US Naval Research Laboratory has developed a two-way time transfer modem for the United States Naval Observatory. An overview of the hardware and software design of the digital modem showing its unique features and results of satellite testing is presented. Time transfer performance is achieved in the hardware by a combination of stability, matching and calibration. Hardware stability is achieved by using synchronous digital methods in both the transmitter and receiver sections. Identical narrowband filters are used in the transmitter and the receiver section to help match temperature-dependent delays. Time transfer between sites is a master-slave technique, a master site transferring time to a network of slave sites. A personal computer is used for operator interface, modem control, data collection, and processing. With this method, both sites can be automated. Initial tests have been conducted to evaluate and verify modem performance and reduce the effects of other systematic errors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
685. The constituents of Ecballium elaterium L. Part XIX. Elateric acid (1964)

D. Lavie, B. S. Benjaminov and Y. Shvo, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 3543 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640003543
Bill Nye The Science Guy's Big Blast Of Science (1993)

* The Road to Knowledge The Scientific MethodAristotle, Sherlock Holmes, and you Occams Razor extraordinary proof and whether I weigh 5,000 pounds * Matter Every thing in the universesolids, liquids, gases atoms and molecules protons, neutrons, electrons, and even smaller things * The Four Fundamental Forces Gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong and weak nuclear forcestheyre behind every change in the universe. * Heat Different ways to read the temperature, four of the Three Laws of Thermodynamics, absolute zero, moving heat, and a hot air balloon * Light Coming at you at the speed of light: mirrors and lenses, the rainbow, IROY G. BIVU, lasers, and a quantum leap in understanding energy * Electricity & Magnetics Setting up force fields, compasses, a battery powered by lemons, an electromagnet, and you own tiny electric motor * Radio, TV & More From the telegraph to high-definition television, with reports on Morse Code, microphones, AM/FM, movies and even microwaves * Weather How hot air sloshes around our planet, what falls from the sky, and whats going on with the Greenhouse Effect and the ozone layer * Outer Space How we humans explored our solar system even before we left Earth, and whats happening with the stars.
Modified Viologens with Improved Electrochemical Properties for Display Applications (1977)

The redox reaction of 1,1'‐diheptyl‐4,4'‐dipyridinium dibromide in water was investigated by means of linear potential sweep voltammetry. It was found that aging of the radical salt film or the occurrence of the second reduction step results in an additional oxidation peak. This additional oxidation peak is accompanied by a decrease of charge efficiency, leading to display failure. It was demonstrated that these problems can be largely avoided by use of modified viologens in combination with tin dioxide electrodes. The influence of the electrode material was also investigated.
Quantifying the tradeoff between uniform computer-based and nonuniform manual sampling in stereology (2004)

Estimation of ratio or volume of tissue types in an image requires both mensuration and classification. The former is achieved through stereology - a set of techniques that estimate such parameters as length, area, surface area, volume, number and ratio. Classification is achieved by extracting features that capture the discriminating information about tissue type. Typically, manual stereological methods are based on uniform sampling. Nonuniform sampling, however, can yield better results for the same manual effort (hence, more-efficient) if we have prior knowledge of the spatial distribution or location of the parameter of interest. Both stereology and classification can be performed either manually or by computer. Manual techniques for the combination are based on coarse point counting (low resolution), but assumed perfect pixel classification. Computer-based methods, on the other hand, rely on very fine point counting but in general suffer from imperfect pixel classification. This paper examines the interaction between manual (nonuniform-sampling) and uniform-sampling image processing-based approaches; in particular, we present a measure that combines the classification and measurement errors. Analysis of the variance is used to define the conditions under which each method and its sampling design is and is not advantageous despite its underlying error. This allows the user to choose a method that optimizes overall performance, given the human and machine capabilities available. Illustrations are given of cases in which each method can be preferable, as measured by the variance of the estimate of the performance that was inferred from the measurement.
Femtosecond photodichroism studies of isolated photosystem II reaction centers. (1994)

Photosynthetic conversion of light energy into chemical potential begins in reaction center protein complexes, where rapid charge separation occurs with nearly unit quantum efficiency. Primary charge separation was studied in isolated photosystem II reaction centers from spinach containing 6 chlorophyll a, 2 pheophytin a (Pheo), 1 cytochrome b559, and 2 beta-carotene molecules. Time-resolved pump-probe kinetic spectroscopy was carried out with 105-fs time resolution and with the pump laser polarized parallel, perpendicular, and at the magic angle (54.7 degrees) relative to the polarized probe beam. The time evolution of the transient absorption changes due to the formation of the oxidized primary electron donor P680+ and the reduced primary electron acceptor Pheo- were measured at 820 nm and 545 nm, respectively. In addition, kinetics were obtained at 680 nm, the wavelength ascribed to the Qy transition of the primary electron donor P680 in the reaction center. At each measured probe wavelength the kinetics of the transient absorption changes can be fit to two major kinetic components. The relative amplitudes of these components are strongly dependent on the polarization of the pump beam relative to that of the probe. At the magic angle, where no photoselection occurs, the amplitude of the 3-ps component, which is indicative of the charge separation, dominates. When the primary electron acceptor Pheo is reduced prior to P680 excitation, the 3-ps component is eliminated.
On the Use of OPEFB-Derived Microcrystalline Cellulose and Nano-Bentonite for Development of Thermoplastic Starch Hybrid Bio-Composites with Improved Performance (2021)

Thermoplastic starch (TPS) hybrid bio-composite films containing microcrystalline cellulose (C) and nano-bentonite (B) as hybrid fillers were studied to replace the conventional non-degradable plastic in packaging applications. Raw oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) was subjected to chemical treatment and acid hydrolysis to obtain C filler. B filler was ultra-sonicated for better dispersion in the TPS films to improve the filler-matrix interactions. The morphology and structure of fillers were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). TPS hybrid bio-composite films were produced by the casting method with different ratios of B and C fillers. The best ratio of B/C was determined through the data of the tensile test. FTIR analysis proved the molecular interactions between the TPS and the hybrid fillers due to the presence of polar groups in their structure. XRD analysis confirmed the intercalation of the TPS chains between the B inter-platelets as a result of well-developed interactions between the TPS and hybrid fillers. SEM images suggested that more plastic deformation occurred in the fractured surface of the TPS hybrid bio-composite film due to the higher degree of stretching after being subjected to tensile loading. Overall, the results indicate that incorporating the hybrid B/C fillers could tremendously improve the mechanical properties of the films. The best ratio of B/C in the TPS was found to be 4:1, in which the tensile strength (8.52MPa), Young's modulus (42.0 MPa), elongation at break (116.4%) and tensile toughness of the film were increased by 92%, 146%, 156% and 338%, respectively. The significantly improved strength, modulus, flexibility and toughness of the film indicate the benefits of using the hybrid fillers, since these features are useful for the development of sustainable flexible packaging film.
Exploring the Origins of Improved Photocurrent by Acidic Treatment for Quaternary Tantalum-Based Oxynitride Photoanodes on the Example of CaTaO<sub>2</sub>N (2019)

Quaternary tantalum-based oxynitrides ATa(O,N)3, with electronic band gaps between 1.8 and 2.4 eV, are promising materials for photochemical water-splitting. The tailoring of their surface properties is a critical aspect to obtain efficient hole extraction. We report on the origin of improved photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation by means of acidic treatment for this class of compounds on the example of cubic CaTaO2N particles. We address the effect of acidic treatment by using complementary physical characterization techniques, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, 1H and 14N solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and electronic band structure calculations at the density functional theory level. In combination with PEC measurements, solid-state NMR indicates that the restructured surface displays a meaningfully higher concentration of terminating OH groups. Subsequent deposition of a nickel borate (NiBi) catalyst on the acid-treated surface yields a higher percentual upsurge of photocurrent in comparison to pristine CaTaO2N. Our results highlight the application of solid-state NMR spectroscopy for understanding the semiconductor–catalyst interface in photochemical devices.
Long-term efficacy and safety of incobotulinumtoxinA injections in patients with cervical dystonia (2013)

In this long-term study, incobotulinumtoxinA was administered using more flexible dosing regimens than those permitted in previous controlled trials. Repeated injections of highly purified incobotulinumtoxinA are effective and well tolerated for the treatment of CD in a setting close to real-life clinical practice.
[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children: which prognostic factors in 1992?]. (1992)

Considerable advances were made during the Eighties in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children, using an intensive treatment regimen. The impact of numerous diagnostic variables on the prognosis has been modified; their re-evaluation as prognosis factors is necessary. Great importance is now attributed to the appreciation of the tumor burden, to the immunophenotype, and most importantly to cytogenetic data. This paper describes the prognosis factors currently used to define risk-group, and risk-adapted treatment regimen.
20 MHz Ultrasonic Transducers with Fine Scale 1-3 Piezocomposite Structures (2006)

No abstract available.
Abstract 3150: Exploring the role of Rap1Gap in the progression from DCIS to invasive breast carcinoma (2014)

Abstract Understanding the underlying mechanisms that drive malignant progression of breast cancer is important. The purpose of this study is to define the role of Rap1Gap in the progression of ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) to invasive cancer. We employed an in-vitro three-dimensional (3D) overlay model that provides a physiologically relevant microenvironment to study mechanisms of mammary gland development and malignant progression. We previously employed next generation sequencing (NGS) and identified 63 consistently upregulated genes in three DCIS lines (SUM102, SUM225, MCF10.DCIS) compared to non-transformed mammary epithelial cells. To gain insight into common transcriptional elements of co-regulated genes that may be critical to the DCIS phenotype, we have mined our NGS data using Frameworker (Genomatix). The 63 upregulated genes are associated with 244 candidate promoters out of a total of 82,703 promoters in the entire human genome. Our analysis shows that the common framework RXRF-ZF02-ZF02-PLAG-HDBP is only present in the promoters of three genes: RAP1GAP, SPRY4 and PDGFB. All of these genes are upregulated in our DCIS signature, which means that this framework is hugely enriched (336-fold) over what would be expected by chance. Rap1Gap has tumor suppressor properties; its functions, via regulation of Rap1 activity, include regulation of cell adhesion, suppression of cell proliferation and metastasis. In other epithelial cancers, loss of Rap1Gap has been linked to epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion. To begin study of Rap1Gap in breast cancer progression, we performed immunohistochemistry. We show strong Rap1Gap staining in DCIS with little to no expression in myoepithelial and stromal components. Immunoblotting results show that Rap1Gap levels in MCF10.CA1d cells (a model of invasive carcinoma) are reduced compared to those in MCF10.DCIS cells. Rap1Gap expression is low in additional basal breast cancer cell lines, but high in luminal ER+ /PR+ cell lines. We propose that over-expression of Rap1Gap may serve as a tumor suppressive mechanism in DCIS; subsequent reduction of Rap1Gap may be a switch for EMT and progression to an invasive phenotype. Citation Format: Seema Shah, Kingsley Osuala, Shihong Mao, Quanwen Li, Bonnie Sloane, Stephen Krawetz, Raymond R. Mattingly. Exploring the role of Rap1Gap in the progression from DCIS to invasive breast carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3150. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3150