gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> TA102 with <i>Escherichia coli</i> WP2 tester strains (1990)

In 1982, Levin et al. published a paper describing a new Salmonella typhimurium strain, TA102, for detecting mutagenic agents that react preferentially with AT base pairs. This strain has an AT base pair at the critical mutation site within the hisG gene, which is located on a multicopy plasmid, pAQ1; the chromosomal copy of the hisG gene has been deleted. It also has an intact excision repair system, thus facilitating the detection of cross-linking agents, and carries the mutator plasmid, pKM101. Although TA102 has been shown to be reverted by certain mutagenic agents that are not detected in the usual battery of strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98 and TA100), there has been a general reluctance within the field to include TA102 as one of the standard screening strains. This may in part result from the difficulties which have been experienced in many laboratories in maintaining the strain, and in obtaining reproducible spontaneous and induced revertant counts. At Glaxo we routinely include certain Escherichia coli strains in our microbial test battery, and were aware that some of the genetic features offered by TA102 were already being covered by these strains. For example, E.coli WP2 (pKM101) has an AT base pair at the critical mutation site within the trpE gene, is excision proficient (and thus will detect cross-linking agents) and carries the pKM101 plasmid to enhance error-prone repair. From the published literature it was apparent that a number of the 'TA102 specific' mutagens could be detected in E.coli e.g. neocarzinostatin, UV and 8-MOP plus UV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Enabling Location Privacy and Resisting Colluding Attacks in Location Based Services for Mobile Applications (2014)

Location Based Services (LBS) are becoming more conventional now-a-days. Apart from benefits from these LBS, there are many privacy threats.These applications cannot rely independently on the users' devices to discover and transmit location information because users have an incentive to cheat. Instead, such applications require their users to prove their locations. Unfortunately, today's mobile users lack a mechanism to prove their current or past locations. This paper presents Location Privacy - the ability to control the access of location information related to an individual. Location proofs are handed out by the wireless infrastructure (e.g., a Wi-Fi access point or a cell tower) to mobile devices. The relatively short range of the wireless radios ensures that these devices are in physical proximity to the wireless transmitter. As a result, these devices are capable of proving their current or past locations to mobile applications. In order to defend against colluding attacks, we also present betweenness ranking-based approach for outlier detection.
Regulation of TNF-mediated cell death and inflammation by human adenoviruses. (1995)

Human adenoviruses are among a growing number of human, animal, and even plant viruses that encode gene products that interfere with the defense mechanisms of the host. The host mechanisms most often affected by these viral products are the innate and inflammatory responses such as interferon and the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). This review discusses examples of viral anti-immune mechanisms from many different viruses and then focuses on the molecular interactions between adenoviruses and TNF and the effect of these interactions on the ensuing pathogenesis of virus infection.
Spezifikation Verallgemeinerter Linearer Modelle: Theoretische Grundlagen (1986)

Ausgehend von vier Grundfragen multivariater Analyseverfahren werden in diesem zweiten Kapitel die wesentlichen Strukturprinzipien des GLM—Ansatzes dargestellt. Dabei werden auch die Befehle des GLIM — Programms erläutert, die zur Spezifikation eines GL Modells notwendig sind. Schwerpunktmäßig werden jedoch die theoretischen Grundlagen des GLM—Ansatzes behandelt, während die konkrete Modellformulierung sowie deren programmtechnische Umsetzung der empirischen Analyse des Anwendungsbeispiels vorbehalten bleibt (vgl. Kapitel 4).
Biochemical Characterization of Pumilio1 and Pumilio2 in Xenopus Oocytes (2010)

Precise control of the timing of translational activation of dormant mRNAs stored in oocytes is required for normal progression of oocyte maturation. We previously showed that Pumilio1 (Pum1) is specifically involved in the translational control of cyclin B1 mRNA during Xenopus oocyte maturation, in cooperation with cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein (CPEB). It was reported that another Pumilio, Pumilio2 (Pum2), exists in Xenopus oocytes and that this protein regulates the translation of RINGO mRNA, together with Deleted in Azoospermia-like protein (DAZL). In this study, we characterized Pum1 and Pum2 biochemically by using newly produced antibodies that discriminate between them. Pum1 and Pum2 are bound to several key proteins involved in translational control of dormant mRNAs, including CPEB and DAZL, in immature oocytes. However, Pum1 and Pum2 themselves have no physical interaction. Injection of anti-Pum1 or anti-Pum2 antibody accelerated CPEB phosphorylation, cyclin B1 translation, and oocyte maturation. Pum1 phosphorylation coincides with the dissociation of CPEB from Pum1 and the translational activation of cyclin B1 mRNA, a target of Pum1, whereas Pum2 phosphorylation occurred at timing earlier than that for Pum1. Some, but not all, of cyclin B1 mRNAs release the deadenylase PARN during oocyte maturation, whereas Pum1 remains associated with the mRNA. On the basis of these findings, we discuss the functions of Pum1 and Pum2 in translational control of mRNAs during oocyte maturation.
Remote Sensing of Impervious Surfaces (2007)

Introduction - Remote Sensing of Impervious Surfaces Q. Weng PART I: DIGITAL REMOTE SENSING METHODS Estimating Percent Impervious Surfaces Using Multiple Regression M. Bauer Sub-pixel Algorithms for Impervious Surface Mapping C.S. Wu Mapping Impervious Surfaces Using Classification and Regression Tree Algorithm G. Xian Mapping Urban Impervious Surfaces from Medium and High Spatial Resolution Multispectral Imagery D. Lu and Q. Weng PART II: TECHNOLOGY ADVANCES IN IMPERVIOUS SURFACE MAPPING A SPLIT Model for Extraction of Subpixel Impervious Surface Information Y.Q. Wang Use of Hyperspectral Imagery for Extracting Impervious Surface Data Q. Weng and X. Hu Separation of Roads and Roofs Using Fractals L.J. Quackenbush Fusion of Radar and Optical Data For Identification of Man-Made Structures P. Gamba PART III: TRANSPORT-RELATED IMPERVIOUS SURFACES Extraction of Transportation Infrastructure From Hyperspectral Data R. Sugumaran Road Extraction From SAR Imagery U. Stilla Road Networks Derived From High Spatial Resolution Satellite Remote Sensing Data R. Peteri Spectral Characteristics of Asphalt Roads M. Herold PART IV: ROOF-RELATED IMPERVIOUS SURFACES Urban 3D Building Model From LIDAR Data and Aerial Images G. Zhou Building Extraction From Aerial Imagery A. Gruen SAR Images of Built-Up Areas: Models and Data Elaborations G. Franceschetti Multi-scale Roof Mapping Using Fused Multi-Resolution Optical Satellite Images Y. Zhang PART V: IMPERVIOUS SURFACE DATA APPLICATIONS Impervious Surface Area and Its Effect On Water Quality and Water Abundance T. Carlson Impervious Surface Data for Hydrological Modeling of Water Flow A.M. Melesse The Growth of Impervious Surface Coverage and Aquatic Fauna R.R. Gillies Using Remotely Sensed Impervious Surface Data to Estimate Population B. Liang, Q. Weng, and D. Lu
MR brain image segmentation using fuzzy clustering (1999)

In anatomical aspects, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging offers more accurate information for medical examination than other medical images such as X-ray, ultrasonic and CT images. In this paper, an automated segmentation and lesion detection algorithm are proposed for axial MR brain images. The proposed segmentation algorithm consists of two steps in order to reduce computation time for classifying tissues. In the first step, the cerebrum region is extracted by using thresholding, morphological operation, and labeling algorithm. In the second step, white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid in the cerebrum are detected using fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm. The new lesion detection algorithm uses anatomical knowledge and local symmetry. A symmetric measure is defined to quantify the normality of MRI slice, which is based on the number of pixels, moment invariants, and Fourier descriptors. The proposed method has been applied to forty normal and abnormal slices. The experimental results show that the proposed segmentation algorithm is appropriate for classifying a large amount of axial brain MR data, and also show that the proposed lesion detection algorithm is successful.
New SRAM Cell Design for Low Power and High Reliability Using&#x0A0;&#x0A0;32nm Independent Gate FinFET Technology (2008)

This paper proposes new methods for SRAM cell design in FinFET technology. One of the most important features of FinFET is that the independent front and back gates can be biased differently to control the current and the device threshold voltage. By controlling the back gate voltage of a FinFET, a SRAM cell can be designed for low power consumption. This paper proposes a new 8T (8 transistors) SRAM structure that reduces dynamic power for the write operation and achieves a wider SNM (static noise margin). Using the new FinFET based 8T SRAM cell, dynamic power consumption is reduced by nearly 48% and the SNM is widened up to 56% compared to the conventional 6T SRAM at the expense of 2% leakage power and 3% write delay increase.
Ca <sup>2+</sup> /Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II δ Mediates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Nuclear Factor-κB (2013)

This is the first study demonstrating that CaMKIIδ mediates NF-κB activation in cardiomyocytes after in vivo I/R and suggests that CaMKIIδ serves to trigger, as well as to sustain subsequent changes in inflammatory gene expression that contribute to myocardial I/R damage.
An FPGA-based Hardware Accelerator for Iris Segmentation (2018)

Biometric authentication is becoming an increasingly prevalent way to identify a person based on unique physical traits such as their fingerprints, face, and iris. The iris stands out particularly among these traits due to its relative invariability with time and high uniqueness. However, iris recognition without special, dedicated tools like near-infrared (NIR) cameras and stationary high-performance computers is a challenge. Solutions have been proposed to target mobile platforms like smart phones and tablets by making use of the Red-Green-Blue (RGB) camera commonly found on those platforms. These solutions tend to be slower than the former due to the reduced performance available in mobile processors. In this paper, we detail a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based System on Chip (SoC) approach to help address the mobility and performance challenges that exist in current iris segmentation solutions. Our SoC architecture allows us to run the iris recognition system in software, while accelerating slower parts of the system by using parallel, dedicated hardware modules. Our approach showed a speedup in segmentation of 22× when compared to an x86-64 platform and 468× when compared to an ARMv7 platform.
Crystal Structure, Magnetic Properties, and Ionic Conductivity of a New Mixed-Anion Phosphate Na<sub>4</sub>Ni<sub>5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (1999)

Single crystals of the new sodium phosphate Na4Ni5(PO4)2(P2O7)2 have been isolated and their structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction techniques. This compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 12.544(2) Å, b = 6.596(1) Å, c = 10.572(2) Å, β = 103.731(3)°, and Z = 2. Its three-dimensional structure can be described as formed by (Ni5P2O22)∞ infinite blocks parallel to the bc plane being the interblock linkages via P−O−P bridges of the diphosphate groups. There are tunnels along the [100] direction, crossing the (Ni5P2O22)∞ blocks, which host the sodium cations. The framework is built up from PO4 tetrahedra, P2O7 groups, NiO6 octahedra, and Ni2O9 units formed by face-sharing between two NiO6, which is unusual in these kinds of compounds. Magnetic measurements reveal the presence of antiferromagnetic interactions in the Ni2+ sublattice, at about 8 K. The ionic conductivity, due to the motion of sodium ions, was measured at different temperatures (300−700 °C) in the frequency range 1−105 Hz. The determined activation energy was 0.99 eV and the conductivity at 500 °C was 2.8 × 10-6 S cm-1.
Multicentre survey of incidence and public health impact of leptospirosis in the Western Pacific (2007)

The objectives of the study were to describe the mode of circulation (endemic or epidemic) of human leptospirosis in various Pacific island states and territories by identifying predominant Leptospira serogroups and the most probable routes of human exposure, and to recommend a feasible laboratory strategy for leptospirosis in the Pacific. From September 2003 to December 2005, 263 leptospirosis suspect patients were recruited by public practitioners on 11 Pacific islands, using the WHO case definition. Diagnosis was confirmed using a three-level serology algorithm and a regional laboratory network. Sixty-nine leptospirosis cases were identified from seven islands: Futuna, Raiatea and the Marquesas Islands where outbreaks were apparent, and Vanuatu, Fiji, Palau and Wallis where sporadic cases indicated at least the presence of the disease. Most patients were men aged 17-40 years. The infection appeared to occur during the course of normal daily activities more often than following specific professional exposure. The dominant presumptive serogroups were Icterohaemorrhagiae and Australis, highly suggestive of a rodent reservoir. This study confirms the widespread presence of leptospirosis in the Pacific region. It should help in the implementation of local leptospirosis control plans and highlights the role of on-site laboratory confirmation.
Heart Failure — An Epidemic of Uncertain Proportions (2002)

We are in the midst of a proclaimed epidemic of heart failure, as evidenced by increases in the number of hospitalizations for heart failure, the number of deaths attributed to heart failure, and the costs associated with care.1 In this issue of the Journal, we are provided with good news regarding the heart failure epidemic. Levy et al.2 report data from the Framingham Heart Study indicating that the survival of patients in the community who have a diagnosis of heart failure is (finally) improving and that the incidence of heart failure may be declining. As we consider the implications of . . .
Is Redevelopment of Optical Soundtracks on Gevacolor Print Film T 9.85 Still Required? (1974)

After a brief historical survey, the problems connected with the quality of optical dye soundtrack on Gevacolor Print Film 9.85 are studied. It may be concluded that the use of T 9.85 permits the omission of the hazardous technique of redevelopment without influencing the frequency or the cross-modulation characteristics of the soundtrack. Due to the specially selected bathochrome cyan dye of Gevacolor Print Film T 9.85, only a slight loss in amplitude is noted, when a conventional S1-equipped soundhead is used.
Varsistonhävitys siemenperunatuotannossa (2004)

ei saatavilla
Laser Interferometer for High Sensitivity Measurements on Transient Phase Objects (1972)

A He-Ne laser beam is sent through a common path differential interferometer and the interference signal is detected by a p-i-n photodiode. Weak phase objects can be examined because optical path changes can be resolved to 0.1 Å with a time resolution of about 20 ns. Examples for different gas-dynamic investigations show good results and demonstrate the wide field of application for this type of laser interferometer.
Safety first (1988)

I am a member of our paediatric unit health and safety committee. We have recently set up a sub committee to deal with the problem of violence towards staff.
Comparative evaluation of circuit topologies for 1-phase and 3-phase boost rectifiers operated with a low current distortion (1994)

This paper provides a survey of circuit topologies that can be used in current-controlled PWM boost rectifiers using MOSFET or IGBT type semiconductors. The topologies described are intended for controlling a nonisolated regulated DC-rail voltage whilst achieving unity fundamental power factor low current distortion operation from 60 Hz 1-phase and 3-phase AC supplies. Topologies are described for inverter legs to obtain various performance features such as low conduction losses, high efficiency, low switch count, low semiconductor voltage stresses, 3-level or 2-level PWM voltage waveform and, finally, bi-directional power conversion. Circuit topologies are described for rectifiers that use a single or a split DC-rail and for rectifiers using either AC or DC side inductors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A New Anomaly Detection System for School Electricity Consumption Data (2017)

Anomaly detection has been widely used in a variety of research and application domains, such as network intrusion detection, insurance/credit card fraud detection, health-care informatics, industrial damage detection, image processing and novel topic detection in text mining. In this paper, we focus on remote facilities management that identifies anomalous events in buildings by detecting anomalies in building electricity consumption data. We investigated five models within electricity consumption data from different schools to detect anomalies in the data. Furthermore, we proposed a hybrid model that combines polynomial regression and Gaussian distribution, which detects anomalies in the data with 0 false negative and an average precision higher than 91%. Based on the proposed model, we developed a data detection and visualization system for a facilities management company to detect and visualize anomalies in school electricity consumption data. The system is tested and evaluated by facilities managers. According to the evaluation, our system has improved the efficiency of facilities managers to identify anomalies in the data.
Identification of Active Site Residues Involved in Metal Cofactor Binding and Stereospecific Substrate Recognition in Mammalian Tyrosinase. Implications to the Catalytic Cycle (2001)

Tyrosinase (Tyr) and tyrosinase-related proteins (Tyrps) 1 and 2 are the enzymes responsible for mammalian melanogenesis. They display high similarity but different substrate and reaction specificities. Loss-of-function mutations lead to several forms of albinism or other pigmentation disorders. They share two conserved metal binding sites (CuA and CuB) which, in Tyr, bind copper. To define some structural determinants for these differences, we mutated Tyr at selected residues on the basis of (i) conservation of the original residues in most tyrosinases, (ii) their nonconservative substitution in the Tyrps, and (iii) their possible involvement as an endogenous bridge between the copper pair. Two mutations at the CuA site, S192A and E193Q, did not affect Tyr activities, thus excluding S192 and E193 as endogenous ligands of the copper pair. Concerning CuB, the H390Q mutation completely abolished Tyr activity, whereas Q378H and H389L mutants showed 10-20% residual specific activities. Their kinetic behavior suggests that (i) H390 is the actual third ligand for CuB, (ii) H389 is critical for stereospecific recognition of o-diphenols but not monophenols, and (iii) the involvement in metal binding of the central extra H residue at the Tyrps CuB site is unlikely. However, replacement of Q (in Tyr) by H (in Tyrps) greatly diminished the affinity for L-dopa, consistent with the low/null tyrosinase activity of the Tyrps. These are the first data showing a physical difference in docking of mono- and o-diphenols to the Tyr active site, and they are used to propose a revised scheme of the catalytic cycle.
Aeroplane engine blade edge reconstruction based on non-uniform B-Spine wavelet algorithm (2011)

This paper made the edge reconstruction of the aircraft engine. First, collected rough point cloud data by using visual measuring equipment. Then, smoothed and filtered the point cloud data, took the reasonable simplification, finished pre-processing the point cloud data. Finally, non-uniform B-spline wavelet algorithm was used for acquisition feature point of blades' edge, and took the digital model. The results proved that this method reduced modeling and machining time, and improved smoothness of the model.
Generic RAID reassembly using block-level entropy (2016)

RAIDs (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) are widely used in storage systems to prevent data loss in case of hardware defects on a hard disk and to improve I/O performance. In case the RAID controller fails or in the context of a forensic investigation, the content of the RAID has to be reconstructed from the single disks or rather from disk images. Due to the variety of RAID controllers and various implementation and configuration possibilities, different parameters that are necessary for reconstruction are often unknown. This might be the case because the original configuration just has not been documented or in the forensic case, the administrator might not be cooperating and not willing to reveal the configuration. Using the original RAID system in such cases is not an option, too, because the original evidence should not be altered. We present a novel approach to automatically detect all parameters to reassemble the logical RAID volume based on block level entropy measurement and generic heuristics. We also provide a performance-optimized open source implementation of our approach that is also able to afterwards reassemble the entire logical RAID volume and to further recover single missing disks using the redundancy information as present in RAID-5.
Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is causing the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Understanding how SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells is a high priority for deciphering its mystery and curbing its spread. A virus surface spike protein mediates SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. To fulfill its function, SARS-CoV-2 spike binds to its receptor human ACE2 (hACE2) through its receptor-binding domain (RBD) and is proteolytically activated by human proteases. Here we investigated receptor binding and protease activation of SARS-CoV-2 spike using biochemical and pseudovirus entry assays. Our findings have identified key cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2. First, SARS-CoV-2 RBD has higher hACE2 binding affinity than SARS-CoV RBD, supporting efficient cell entry. Second, paradoxically, the hACE2 binding affinity of the entire SARS-CoV-2 spike is comparable to or lower than that of SARS-CoV spike, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 RBD, albeit more potent, is less exposed than SARS-CoV RBD. Third, unlike SARS-CoV, cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 is preactivated by proprotein convertase furin, reducing its dependence on target cell proteases for entry. The high hACE2 binding affinity of the RBD, furin preactivation of the spike, and hidden RBD in the spike potentially allow SARS-CoV-2 to maintain efficient cell entry while evading immune surveillance. These features may contribute to the wide spread of the virus. Successful intervention strategies must target both the potency of SARS-CoV-2 and its evasiveness.