gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dancing with Multiple Partners (2002)

Transmembrane proteins, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and integrins, activate intracellular signaling pathways through interactions with downstream binding partners. Woodside discusses two examples in which GPCRs and integrins interact in a noncompeting manner with more than one partner. The specific GPCR described is the thrombin receptor, in experiments where G protein peptides selectively block signaling through a particular G protein that does not appear to inhibit coupling of the receptor to other G proteins. The second system described is the αIIbβ3 integrin and its activation of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Syk. Syk appeared capable of interacting with both the integrin and intracellular domains of immune response receptors, because binding of Syk to the integrin was not inhibited by peptides based on the Syk binding site in immune response receptors. Thus, multiple, noncompeting binding partners add to the complexity of signal transduction outputs from a single receptor complex.
Les polyphénols des céréales et leurs effets sur la santé (2001)

*INRA, Centre de Recherche de Clermont-Ferrand/Theix, Unité Maladies Métaboliques et Micronutriments, Theix, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle (FRA) Diffusion du document : INRA, Centre de Recherche de Clermont-Ferrand/Theix, Unité Maladies Métaboliques et Micronutriments, Theix, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle (FRA)
The Metabolic Syndrome and 11-Year Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (2005)

Individuals without diabetes or CVD, but with the metabolic syndrome, were at increased risk for long-term cardiovascular outcomes, although statistical models suggested that most of that risk was accounted for by the FRS. Nevertheless, identification of individuals with the metabolic syndrome may provide opportunities to intervene earlier in the development of shared disease pathways that predispose individuals to both CVD and diabetes.
Railway Overhead Contact Systems, Catenary-Pantograph Dynamics for Power Collection at High Speeds (1968)

A program has been prepared for the GE-625 computer in Fortran IV language to compute the dynamic behavior of a catenary and pantograph for railroad cars moving at constant velocity. The catenary is considered to consist of two wires joined by elastic droppers at arbitrary locations. The upper catenary wire is in turn supported by elastic towers at arbitrary locations. Account is taken of: Tension and mass in each wire; wire sag; damping of the wires; springing between shoe and wire; springing and damping between shoe and pantograph frame; damping of the pantograph frame to the railway car; lifting of the wire away from the shoe; and stops in the pantograph to limit motion between shoe and pantograph frame. Up to eight arbitrarily spaced pantographs can be included, with as many as sixty droppers and ten towers. Force at up to ten droppers can be printed as a function of time. The additional output is catenary deflection and forces and deflections of the pantographs. Results are presented for some interesting variations of the system constants.
The next step: anatomy of the white matter. (2004)

The two articles on the white matter tracts of the temporal stem by Kier et al—“Anatomic Dissection Tractography: A New Method for Precise MR Localization of White Matter Tracts” and “MR Imaging of the Temporal Stem: Anatomic Dissection Tractography of the Uncinate Fasciculus, Inferior
UVB-induced apoptosis in keratinocytes is enhanced by the chemopreventive bioflavonoid apigenin. (2006)

Fifth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research, Nov 12-15, 2006

B125 

Chronic exposure to Ultraviolet B (UVB, 290-320nm) is thought to be the major cause of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. Therefore, the need for an agent that is able to reverse, suppress, or prevent UVB-induced carcinogenic progression in the skin is clearly warranted. Previous studies have demonstrated the bioflavonoid apigenin topically applied to mouse skin reduces tumor formation and multiplicity in UVB-treated SKH-1 hairless mice. In our current study we are evaluating the ability of apigenin to exert its chemopreventive effects by inducing apoptosis in human keratinocytes alone and in combination with UVB. We are employing three different cell-based models: HaCaT keratinocytes, primary keratinocytes derived from human neonatal foreskin, and epidermal equivalent cultures. Western blot analysis for PARP cleavage demonstrated the induction of apoptosis in HaCaT cells and primary keratinocyte cultures treated with apigenin (10-25 uM) for 4-24 hours. Treatment of epidermal equivalent cultures with 50 uM apigenin resulted in PARP cleavage as assessed by Western blot analysis. HaCaT keratinocytes and primary human keratinocytes were exposed to UVB (300-1000 J/m2) and harvested 24 hours later. Apoptosis was assessed in monolayer cultures by caspase-9 activation, Annexin-V staining, and Western blot analysis for PARP cleavage. In epidermal equivalent cultures apoptosis was determined by Western blot analysis, as well as histochemical evaluation for sunburn cells and active caspase-3. When HaCaT cells and primary keratinocytes were treated with both UVB and apigenin, the level of UVB-induced apoptosis was enhanced compared to UVB treatment alone. Our results demonstrate that UVB induces apoptosis and furthermore, that apigenin treatment can enhance the apoptotic response initiated by UVB. The chemopreventive action of apigenin may be explained by its ability to enhance UV-induced apoptosis.
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF RESPONSE TECHNIQUES FOR DISCHARGES OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS THAT FLOAT ON WATER (1976)

An in depth evaluation was conducted of potential response techniques for ameliorating the vapor hazard from discharges of hazardous chemicals that float on water. Fifteen techniques were selected on the basis of their performance in similar situations, such as oil spills and hazardous chemical production or handling. Six of these techniques were judged to be feasible methods for achieving the objectives of this program. Vaporization rate reduction, the objective of Task I, could be achieved by using surfactant films, foams or sorbents. Vapor concentration reduction, the objective of Task II, could be achieved by encapsulation. Vapor flammability reduction, the objective of Task III, could be achieved by using foams and water aerosols. Techniques utilizing particulate cover, 'foamed-in-place' urethane layer, gels and cryogenic cooling were defined as having potential for successful utilization. All techniques were judged to need some further development or assessment. Recommendations for specific programs are presented. (Author)
Measurements of Process Variability in 40-nm Regular and Nonregular Layouts (2014)

As technology scales down, IC design is becoming more difficult due to the increase in process variations, which translates into a dispersion of circuit parameter values thus degrading manufacturing yield. Regular layouts are recommended to reduce variability with the cost of area overhead with respect to conventional layouts. The aim of this paper is to measure the impact of variability in two implementations of the same circuit in a commercial 40-nm technology: 1) a regular layout style and a compact and 2) nonregular layout. Experimental results show a 60% reduction in variability with a cost of 60% area overhead.
An Analysis of Student Reflections From a Multidisciplinary New Product Development Class (2006)

New Product Development (NPD) classes based around problem-based learning provide an effective vehicle for authentic learning and realistic design experiences. Selfreflection provides one mechanism to expose learning accomplishments to the instructor and help the students develop self-assessment skills for professional practice. As one component of a self-assessment learning process this paper describes a structured ‘lessons learned’ exercise that focuses on what the students themselves found to be the salient learning experiences when engaging in a multidisciplinary product development process. We present an analysis of over 1200 ‘lessons learned’ collected from three years of a graduate multidisciplinary NPD class with students from engineering, information studies, architecture, business and industrial design. Students highlighted skills for working in multidisciplinary teams as their most important learning experience, whereas the area of greatest impact in the NPD process was the gathering and analysis of customer and user needs. By breaking down these sections we draw insights into students' learning experiences and provide implications for design education in terms of skill sets required and recommended course emphases.
Synthetic Studies on Natural Stephaoxocanes. Elaboration of a Tetrahydrooxazaphenalene Potential Intermediate (2000)

The elaboration of a 2,3,7-9a-tetrahydro-1H-8-oxa-1-aza-phenalen-9-one derivative, as a potential key intermediate for the synthesis of stephaoxocanes, employing Jackson’s tosylamidoacetal cyclization, is presented.
Using model based systems engineering for the development of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope's operational plan (2016)

We† provide an overview of the Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) language, tool, and methodology being used in our development of the Operational Plan for Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) operations. LSST’s Systems Engineering (SE) team is using a model-based approach to operational plan development to: 1) capture the topdown stakeholders’ needs and functional allocations defining the scope, required tasks, and personnel needed for operations, and 2) capture the bottom-up operations and maintenance activities required to conduct the LSST survey across its distributed operations sites for the full ten year survey duration. To accomplish these complimentary goals and ensure that they result in self-consistent results, we have developed a holistic approach using the Sparx Enterprise Architect modeling tool and Systems Modeling Language (SysML). This approach utilizes SysML Use Cases, Actors, associated relationships, and Activity Diagrams to document and refine all of the major operations and maintenance activities that will be required to successfully operate the observatory and meet stakeholder expectations. We have developed several customized extensions of the SysML language including the creation of a custom stereotyped Use Case element with unique tagged values, as well as unique association connectors and Actor stereotypes. We demonstrate this customized MBSE methodology enables us to define: 1) the rolls each human Actor must take on to successfully carry out the activities associated with the Use Cases; 2) the skills each Actor must possess; 3) the functional allocation of all required stakeholder activities and Use Cases to organizational entities tasked with carrying them out; and 4) the organization structure required to successfully execute the operational survey. Our approach allows for continual refinement utilizing the systems engineering spiral method to expose finer levels of detail as necessary. For example, the bottom-up, Use Case-driven approach will be deployed in the future to develop the detailed work procedures required to successfully execute each operational activity.
C1r, subunit of the first complement component: purification, properties, and assay based on its linking role (1971)

A method to obtain C1r, a subunit of the first complement component, in a highly purified state has been described for the first time. The stepwise method starts with a neutral euglobulin precipitation, after diethylaminoethyl- and carboxymethyl-cellulose chromatography and a final preparative polyacrylamide electrophoresis step. Such C1r preparations are devoid of C1q and C1s activities and show only one protein band on analytic polyacrylamide electrophoresis. Rabbits injected with this preparation produced antisera showing only one precipitation band. The stability of C1r activity was determined under different conditions, and C1r was found to be labile at 37 degrees C, pH 7-8 and low ionic strength. The electrophoretic mobility of purified C1r is that of a beta-globulin on disc acrylamide electrophoresis and on agarose electrophoresis at pH 8.6. Its molecular weight as estimated by sephadex chromatography is 168,100.A sensitive hemolytic assay based on the property of C1r to link C1s to C1q and thereby to generate macromolecular C[unk]1 is described. The number of C[unk]1 molecules generated is stoichiometrically related to the concentration of C1r for a fixed C1q and C1s concentration provided that the titration is carried out below the plateau zone. Macromolecular C1 can be separated from free C1s as the former is cell bound. This method of purification and assay should allow the development of monospecific antisera and further chemical study of C1r.
Cellular Mechanisms of Prostaglandin Action (1979)

The human platelet and erythrocyte differ quite dramatically in relation to the arachidonic acid cascade. The platelet synthesizes its own characteristic products, while the erythrocyte lacks cyclo-oxygenase activity but possesses other metabolic enzymes. In these and other cell types the metabolites are potentially determined by the cascade enzymes, the availability of cofactors, the presence of specific activators and inhibitors, and the selective binding or transport of intermediates. Endogenously synthesized metabolites may have intracellular actions or may be released and exert their effects extracellularly. Study of the cellular mechanisms mediating these effects, like study of the fast-acting hormones, has focused primarily on the cyclic nucleotides and calcium. Considering the diverse activities of several metabolites in the platelet however, these mechanisms seem to need reevaluation or refining. The released cascade metabolites may also act as intercellular signals over a short range. The range depends on their chemical stability in the absence of protective carriers and their selective uptake and metabolism by surrounding cells. Additionally, the effects will reflect the selective interaction of responsive cells with the spectrum of metabolites released. Answering these questions of complex intercellular interactions requires the identification and classification of characteristic responses and the metabolic profile of individual cell types in each tissue. Consequently, this type of analysis may best be done with isolated cells, such as the platelet and erythrocyte.
Identification of an HLA  A*0201–restricted CD8+T-cell epitope for the glycoprotein B homolog of human herpesvirus 8 (2002)

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8; Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus)-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) responses to proteins produced during the lytic cycle of HHV-8 replication are mediated by HLA class I-restricted, CD8(+) T cells. We have characterized the fine specificity of the CD8(+) T-cell response to 25 peptides derived from 5 HHV-8 lytic cycle proteins based on a prediction model for HLA A*0201 binding motifs. One of the 25 HLA A*0201 peptides derived from the glycoprotein B (gB) homolog of Epstein-Barr virus (gB(492-500); LMWYELSKI; single-letter amino acid codes) bound to HLA A*0201 and stimulated IFN-gamma responses in CD8(+) T cells from HHV-8(+), HLA A*0201 persons, but not HHV-8-seronegative or non-HLA A*0201 persons. The peptide also induced IFN-gamma and CTL reactivity to naturally processed gB protein. The peptide was a major immunogenic epitope of HHV-8 as indicated by induction of IFN-gamma responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 5 of 5 HHV-8 seropositive, HLA A*0201 persons when gB(492-500) was presented by autologous dendritic cells. T-cell reactivity to gB(492-500) was not related to detectable HHV-8 DNA in the blood. These data show that CD8(+) T cells recognize an HLA A*0201-restricted epitope for HHV-8 lytic cycle protein gB, particularly when presented by dendritic cells. This epitope may be important in control of HHV-8 infection by CD8(+) T cells.
Effect of Lipopolysaccharide Contamination on the Attachment of Osteoblast-like Cells to Titanium and Titanium Alloy In Vitro (2001)

Failing implants with loss of alveolar bone are associated with gram-negative bacteria that carry lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the bacterial cell wall. Bony regeneration around these implants is still an unpredictable procedure due to the many clinical factors involved. One important factor is the presence of contaminants such as LPS on the implant surface. The effect of implant-associated LPS on the attachment of bone cells to the implant surface is unknown. This project investigated the effect of LPS on the attachment of osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1) to titanium and titanium alloy surfaces in vitro. We hypothesized that LPS would inhibit bone cell attachment either through loss of cellular attachment sites or alteration of cellular function. Three experimental approaches were used. First, alloy surfaces were exposed to LPS (100 microgram/mL) before the cells were allowed to attach. In the second approach, the cells were exposed to the LPS before they were allowed to attach. Last, the cells were allowed to attach before exposure to LPS. Cellular attachment to implant materials was measured by using a histochemical stain (MTT). The results indicated that LPS presence did not significantly (P > .05) alter osteoblast attachment to titanium or titanium alloy surfaces whether the exposure occurred before or after cellular adherence. It was concluded that LPS did not directly effect the attachment of the MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts to these implant surfaces in vitro. Further research is needed to define the clinical liabilities of LPS during implant placement and maintenance.
Localization of Bradykinin B<sub>2</sub>Receptors in the Endometrium and Myometrium of Rat Uterus and the Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone<sup>1</sup> (1999)

In the uterus, bradykinin is a potent inducer of smooth muscle contraction, which is mediated by the bradykinin B2 receptor subtype. However, little is known about the distribution or regulation of this receptor in this tissue. The aim of this study was to localize the B2 receptor in the uterus and determine whether the levels of this receptor were altered during the estrous cycle and modulated by estrogen and/or progesterone in ovariectomized rats. At diestrus, uterine B2 receptors were localized to both the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers of the myometrium, the endometrial stroma, the glandular epithelium, and the layer subjacent to the luminal epithelium. B2 receptor levels in both myometrium and endometrium were lowest during early proestrus, when estrogen levels are low, whereas myometrial B2 receptor protein and messenger RNA levels were highest during late proestrous, when estrogen levels peak. Similar findings were observed for the estrogen-supplemented group after ovariectomy, with progesterone appearing to inhibit the estrogen-induced rise in bradykinin B2 receptor density in estrogen/progesterone-treated animals. Using in vitro receptor autoradiography employing the specific B2 receptor antagonist analog, HPP-HOE140, immunostaining with specific antipeptide antibodies generated against the B2 receptor, and in situ hybridization using a specific bradykinin B2 receptor riboprobe, our findings show a discrete distribution of the bradykinin B2 receptor throughout the different layers of the uterus and suggest that bradykinin B2 receptor levels in the rat uterus are regulated by estrogen, and possibly progesterone, in both myometrium and endometrium.
Genetically Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Improved Islet Transplantation (2011)

The use of adult stem cells for therapeutic purposes has met with great success in recent years. Among several types of adult stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow (BM) and other sources have gained popularity for basic research and clinical applications because of their therapeutic potential in treating a variety of diseases. Because of their tissue regeneration potential and immune modulation effect, MSCs were recently used as cell-based therapy to promote revascularization, increase pancreatic β-cell proliferation, and avoid allograft rejection in islet transplantation. Taking advantage of the recent progress in gene therapy, genetically modified MSCs can further enhance and expand the therapeutic benefit of primary MSCs while retaining their stem-cell-like properties. This review aims to gain a thorough understanding of the current obstacles to successful islet transplantation and discusses the potential role of primary MSCs before or after genetic modification in islet transplantation.
Nematic liquid crystal channel waveguides embedded in SiO/sub 2//Si grooves (2005)

We demonstrate novel channel waveguides made of SiO/sub 2//Si grooves filled with liquid crystals. We investigated the polarization dependency of waveguides using the commercial nematic liquid crystal E7. The orthogonal polarization state, for which the optical electric field "sees" only the lower LC refractive index, was suppressed by 21 dB.
A Roadside-to-vehicle Communication System for Vehicle Safety using Dual Frequency Channels (2007)

This paper addresses requirements for emergency communication in a roadside-to-vehicle communication (RVC) system for vehicle safety, and proposes a new media access control (MAC) protocol, which meets both providing multi-applications and prioritizing emergency communication. The proposed technique utilizes two channels. One uses 5.8 GHz band assigned for Dedicated Short Rage Communication (DSRC) system in Japan and the other one uses VHF/UHF band expecting more probability of signal arrival by diffraction around obstacles. This paper also presents some simulation results that explore the basic performance of the proposed technique.
Aflatoxins, fumonisins, and trichothecenes: a convergence of knowledge (2012)

Plant pathogenic fungi Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium verticillioides, and Fusarium graminearum infect seeds of the most important food and feed crops, including maize, wheat, and barley. More importantly, these fungi produce aflatoxins, fumonisins, and trichothecenes, respectively, which threaten health and food security worldwide. In this review, we examine the molecular mechanisms and environmental factors that regulate mycotoxin biosynthesis in each fungus, and discuss the similarities and differences in the collective body of knowledge. Whole-genome sequences are available for these fungi, providing reference databases for genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses. It is well recognized that genes responsible for mycotoxin biosynthesis are organized in clusters. However, recent research has documented the intricate transcriptional and epigenetic regulation that affects these gene clusters. Significantly, molecular networks that respond to environmental factors, namely nitrogen, carbon, and pH, are connected to components regulating mycotoxin production. Furthermore, the developmental status of seeds and specific tissue types exert conditional influences during fungal colonization. A comparison of the three distinct mycotoxin groups provides insight into new areas for research collaborations that will lead to innovative strategies to control mycotoxin contamination of grain.
Valence Band and Core-level Photoemission and Photoelectron Diffraction in Epitaxial Nb-Doped TiO2(110) (1998)

Valence-band, Ti 2p, and Nb 3d photoemission spectra are reported for Nb-doped TiO2(110) grown as epitaxial films on TiO2(110) substrates at 600 °C. Core-level photoelectron diffraction is used to establish that Nb substitutes for Ti at cation sites in the rutile lattice. Valence band spectra reveal that the additional electronic density of states brought about by the substitution of Nb for Ti falls in the valence band region, rather than in the bandgap or conduction band region, as expected for parts-per-thousand dopant levels.