gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noise-Modulated Optomechatronic Distance-Measuring System (2005)

A novel measuring system for optical distance sensing of solid targets is described. The system simply applies a noise-frequency-modulated laser diode for illuminating the target and an interferometer/photodetector device for coherent beam detection. This configuration is treated here as an optomechatronic correlator. The delay in travel time of the target beam in the interferometer yields a stochastically modulated electrical beat frequency in the photodetector output. Its mean frequency value is a measure for the target distance. Additionally to the required stochastic modulation of the injection current, the natural phase noise modulation of the laser diode also has to be taken into account. Theory delivers nonlinear measurement characteristics with strongly increased slope at the short-distance range. The experimental verification in a distance range up to 4 m shows a relative distance measurement error from 10/sup -3/ to 10/sup -2/(1/spl sigma/) for an averaging time range from 10 to 1 s. The system is potentially qualified for approach sensing in mechatronic devices like tool machinery and robotics.
Effect of sugars and sugar mixtures on dental plaque (1972)

The effect of the consumption of certain sugars and sugar mixtures on the formation of plaque and on the chemical composition of plaque and oral fluid was investigated using 72 dental students divided in six sugar groups; I, sucrose; II, fructose-sorbitol, 1:1; III, fructose-glucose, 1:1; IV, fructose-xylitol, 1:1, V, xylitol; VI, sucrose-maltose, 9:1. The sugars and the sugar mixtures were consumed in coffee, tea and rolls in addition to five daily mouth washings. The xylitol-based IV and V particularly reduced the formation of plaque when compared to the values obtained during a preceding sucrose intake period. The mixture of fructose-xylitol was less plaque-producing than fructose-sorbitol. The deliberately mild dietary regime produced the most distinct changes in the rate of plaque formation and less significant or undetectable changes in its chemical composition.
Attraction, Mating, and Oviposition Behavior in Field Populations ofDiaprepes abbreviatus1on Citrus (1981)

In a field bioassay, significantly more male and female Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) weevils congregated on trees which had been exposed overnight to weevils of the opposite sex compared with numbers on check trees and trees exposed to weevils of the same sex. The number of weevils of the opposite sex per treated tree increased from 0900 h until midafternoon, whereas the number of weevils present on trees exposed to weevils of the same sex and on check trees remained constant (from 0900 to 1600 h). Mating and oviposition were found to be primarily diurnal and nocturnal functions, respectively. The number of mating pairs in a sample at 1400 to 1600 h was significantly greater than that in an 0900 to 1100 h sample or an 1800 to 2000 h sample of a field population. More than 80% of 10,090 eggs were oviposited between 2000 and 0600 h on foliage in a field cage.
IIR filters based on frequency-response masking approach (2002)

In this paper, IIR digital filter design based on the frequency-response masking approach is presented. The overall filter structure is based on the periodic model filter, complementary periodic model filter, and masking filters. The periodic model filter is obtained by replacing each delay in the prototype low-pass IIR filter by M delays. Masking filters are designed to eliminate unwanted bands from the periodic model filter or complementary periodic model filter. The transition bandwidth of the overall filter is M times smaller to that of the prototype filter. This technique can be used to design sharp low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-stop filters. IIR model filters are implemented as low-sensitivity wave lattice digital filters (WDF-s) consisting of two all-pass branches in parallel. In all-pass sections, each delay is replaced with M delays to obtain periodic model filter. This way maximal sample frequency of the filter is M times increased. We show that the transfer function of the model filter is an elliptic minimal Q factors (EMQF) filter suitable for the efficient WDF implementation.
Effects of Some Antioxidants on in Vitro Rooting of Apple Shoots (1990)

In vitro-proliferated shoots of `Delicious' and `Starkspur Red' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) were submitted for 1 week to root induction in the dark with their basal parts in liquid medium containing 1.5 μ m IBA and 43.4 m m sucrose. The shoots were transferred to root initiation and root elongation medium made up of plugs wetted with half-strength Lepoivre salts. When antioxidants, such as PVP, GH, 2-Me, and DIECA, were added to the liquid induction medium, the percentages of rooting usually decreased. In contrast, if the antioxidants PVP and citric acid were added in the initiation-elongation medium, the percentages of rooting increased. The results agree with the finding of other researchers who proposed a rapid increase in peroxidase activity during root induction followed by a fast decline during rooting initiation as a marker for good rooting responses. Moreover, the use of antioxidants both in induction and in initiation-elongation had no effect on number and length of roots. Chemical names used: polyvinylpyrrolidone-40 (PVP); glutathione reduced (GH); 2-mercaptoethanol (2-Me); diethyldithiocarbamic acid, sodium salt trihydrate (DIECA); N- (phenylmethyl) 1 H- purin-6-amine (BA); 1 H- indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); gibberellic acid (GA 3 ).
Superheavy elements (1980)

Your review of the meeting 'Isotope anomalies and the possible existence of superheavy elements in the early solar system' (Physics Bulletin May 1980 p 120) includes a short description of the report which I presented at this meeting; unfortunately this contains a number of errors which I would like to correct. Firstly my affiliation is given as 'Nuclear Fuels': at the time I was employed by the Nuclear Power Company of Whetstone, Leicester.
Alternaria: A Sinonasal Pathogen of Immunocompromised Hosts (1993)

Fungal infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Although Candida and Aspergillus species are the most common fungal isolates, other less common fungal isolates such as Alternaria species are emerging as opportunistic pathogens associated with discrete clinical syndromes. We reviewed a 16-year consecutive series of bone marrow-transplant recipients and describe the presentation, treatment approach, and outcome of six cases of localized invasive sinonasal infection caused by Alternaria species in this series. At presentation, minimal or no symptoms were present, and nasal lesions of suspicious origin were often an incidental finding in evaluation of unexplained fever. Findings of sinus roentgenograms were normal for five of six patients. Infection occurred prior to white blood cell recovery in five of six cases. All infections were localized to the sinonasal region without evidence of dissemination. Treatment included systemic antifungal therapy and surgical debridement in all patients; granulocyte transfusions were performed for four patients. The infections resolved without sequelae in all but one patient who died of postoperative complications. Alternaria has a predilection for causing localized invasive sinonasal infection in immunocompromised hosts that can be successfully treated with an aggressive approach of combined modalities.
A Survey of Multidimensional Medians (1990)

In this paper we survey a sequence of papers whose primary aim is the generalization of the concept of the median into higher dimensional settings. While a variety of distinct definitions of the median of a multivariate data set are possible these definitions have the common property of producing the usual definition when applied to univariate data or a univariate distribution. Some common ideas of equivariance, symmetry and breakdown are discussed as well as computational convenience for each definition. The extension of these ideas to directional statistics is also discussed.
R/parallel – speeding up bioinformatics analysis with R (2008)

R/parallel saves bioinformaticians time in their daily tasks of analyzing experimental data. It achieves this objective on two fronts: first, by reducing development time of parallel programs by avoiding reimplementation of existing methods and second, by reducing processing time by speeding up computations on current desktop computers. Future work is focused on extending the envelope of R/parallel by interconnecting and aggregating the power of several computers, both existing office computers and computing clusters.
Novel synthesis of benzo[1,2:4,5]dicyclobutene via a dual Parham cyclialkylation (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel synthesis of benzo[1,2:4,5]dicyclobutene via a dual Parham cyclialkylationCharles K. Bradsher and David A. HuntCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 22, 4608–4610Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00335a072https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00335a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views616Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Least Expected Time Paths in Stochastic, Time-Varying Transportation Networks (2000)

We consider stochastic, time-varying transportation networks, where the arc weights (arc travel times) are random variables with probability distribution functions that vary with time. Efficient procedures are widely available for determining least time paths in deterministic networks. In stochastic but time-invariant networks, least expected time paths can be determined by setting each random arc weight to its expected value and solving an equivalent deterministic problem. This paper addresses the problem of determining least expected time paths in stochastic, time-varying networks. Two procedures are presented. The first procedure determines the a priori least expected time paths from all origins to a single destination for each departure time in the peak period. The second procedure determines lower bounds on the expected times of these a priori least expected time paths. This procedure determines an exact solution for the problem where the driver is permitted to react to revealed travel times on traveled links en route, i.e., in a time-adaptive route choice framework. Modifications to each of these procedures for determining least expected cost (where cost is not necessarily travel time) paths and lower bounds on the expected costs of these paths are given. Extensive numerical tests are conducted to illustrate the algorithms' computational performance as well as the properties of the solution.
ZWIFT: What You Need to Know (2019)

You may have heard of Zwift by now: an online platform that is dedicated to indoor cycling. It’s like Mario Kart on bikes, but just with more sweat and ...
ToF‐SIMS imaging of lipids in cell membranes (2006)

Abstract Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has been in use in biomedical imaging for more than three decades and has resulted in some important biomedical discoveries. However, SIMS has not become a part of most biologists' instrumentarium, even though this method enables chemical analysis in the context of anatomical regions and even subcellular structures. Secondary ions characteristic of a range of important lipids can now be efficiently produced from cell membranes and imaged by SIMS. Recently developed ion sources producing cluster primary ions, in combination with modern, sensitive time‐of‐flight (ToF) mass analyzers, have enabled this new bioimaging method. This article briefly describes cell membranes and their lipids as well as the new primary ion sources, and moves on to review recent biomembrane studies by time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) and related methods. Further refinements in equipment and other methodology that will facilitate the use of SIMS in biomembrane studies are suggested. It is concluded that ToF‐SIMS mass spectrometry for membrane and other biology applications is definitely on the rise. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of benzodiazepines, depressive symptoms and cognitive function in old age (2008)

In old age the use of benzodiazepines is associated with depressive symptoms and the use of benzodiazepines may precede the development of depressive symptoms. Treating physicians seem to be aware of the detrimental effects of benzodiazepines on cognitive function. However, they should be cautious in prescribing a new benzodiazepine in old age and monitor elderly benzodiazepine users for development of depressive symptoms.
Synthesis and Aqueous Chemistry of α-Acetoxy-<i>N</i>-nitrosomorpholine:  Reactive Intermediates and Products (2005)

α-Acetoxy-N-nitrosomorpholine (7) has been synthesized starting by the anodic oxidation of N-acetylmorpholine in methanol. The 55% yield of N-nitrosomorpholinic acid, after cyanide-for-methoxy group exchange and hydrolysis, is an improvement of ∼10-fold over our original 10-step method, and this is readily converted to 7. A study of the kinetics of decomposition of 7 in aqueous media at 25 °C and 1 M ionic strength was conducted over the pH range from 1 to 12. The reaction exhibited good first-order kinetics at all values of pH, and a plot of the log of k0, the buffer-independent rate constant for decomposition, against pH indicated that a pH-independent reaction dominates in the neutral pH region whereas acid- and base-catalyzed reactions dominate in the low and high pH regions, respectively. Reaction at neutral pH in the presence of increasing concentrations of acetate ion results in a decrease in the value of kobsd, to an apparent limiting value consistent with a common-ion inhibition by the capture, and competing base-catalyzed hydration of, an N-nitrosiminium ion intermediate. The 100-fold smaller reactivity of 7 at neutral pH compared with its carbon analogue, α-acetoxy-N-nitrosopiperidine, is also consistent with the electronic effects expected for such a reaction. The dinitrophenylhydrazones derived from pH-independent and acid-catalyzed reactions are identical in kind and quantity, within experimental error, to those observed in the decay of α-hydroxy-N-nitrosomorpholine. Decay of 7 in the presence of benzimidazole buffer results in the formation of 2-(2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)ethoxy)acetaldehyde (12) and 2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)ethanol (13). Independent synthesis and study of 12 indicates that it is stable at 80 °C in 0.1 M DCl, but it slowly decomposes to 13 in neutral and basic media in a reaction that is stimulated by primary and secondary amines, but not by tertiary amines and carbonate buffer. The benzimidazole trapping studies and those of the stability of 12 indicate the possibility that metabolic activation of N-nitrosomorpholine by hydroxylation α to the nitroso nitrogen can result in the deposition of a metastable ethoxyacetaldehyde adduct on the heteroatoms of DNA.
Handbook of photochemistry (2007)

. Photophysics of Organic Molecules in Solution Triplet-State Energies: Ordered Flash Photolysis: Designing Experiments Low Temperature Photophysics of Organic Molecules Ground-State Absorption Spectra ESR and ODMR Parameters of the Triplet State Diffusion-Controlled Rate Constants Rate Constants of Singlet-State Quenching Rate Constants of Triplet-State Quenching Ionization Energies, Electron Affinities, and Redox Potentials of Organic Compounds Bond Dissociation Energies Solvent Properties Chemical Actinometry Transmission Characteristics of Light Filters and Glasses Spectral Distribution of Photochemical Sources Spin-Orbit Coupling Fundamental Constants and Conversion Factors Hammett (T Constants Bibliography and Indexes References Compound Name Index Molecular Formula Index
Evolutionary algorithms and emergent intelligence (1993)

In order to perform adequately, knowledge-based artificial intelligence techniques rely on internal representations of the task environment. The requirement that this explicit task must be inside the agent leads to classic problems in AI: scaling, brittleness, learnability, knowledge acquisition, memory indexing and credit assignment. These problems are reduced or removed when the agent is allowed to interact with the task environment directly. In emergent intelligence, task specific knowledge emerges from the interaction of a simple agent and the original task environment. In effect, the task environment serves as a more efficient representation of the explicit task knowledge, removing the need to represent it inside the agent. In this dissertation, evolutionary algorithms, computations that are modeled after natural selection, are analyzed and proposed to be a novel form of weak method that provide an ideal medium for implementing emergent intelligence. This dissertation also describes several experiments that demonstrate emergent intelligence during the acquisition of recurrent neural networks, finite state machines and modular LISP programs using a variety of evolutionary algorithms.
Scalable Intrusion Detection System for cellular networks (2013)

By the end of 2011, the number of the subscribers of the cellular networks has reached 6 billion [1]. The number is expected to reach as many as people population in the whole world by the end of 2013 [2]. Despite this huge number of mobile subscribers served by so many mobile networks, the cellular networks suffer from severe security vulnerabilities and attacks. In this paper we propose applying new Scalable Intrusion Detection System to detect those attacks. Our system has three contributions; comprehensive design to detect most of the MS and cellular network attacks, scalable design where the monitored events of the anomaly-based component can be increased smoothly, and secure learning phase to protect the user profile.
Activation of human raf transforming genes by deletion of normal amino-terminal coding sequences. (1987)

Three activated cellular raf genes have been detected by transfection of NIH 3T3 cells with human tumor DNAs. Blot hybridization analysis indicated that all three transforming raf genes had recombined with non-raf sequences in the vicinity of raf exon 7-intron 7, resulting in the deletion of about 40% of the normal coding sequence from the raf amino terminus. By cloning sequences upstream of the truncated raf loci we have shown that the rearrangements involve the fusion of three different 5' non-raf human sequences to the human raf gene. No rearrangements could be detected in the raf loci of the three original human tumor DNAs, suggesting that the raf genes were activated by DNA rearrangements occurring during transfection. Significant overexpression of raf mRNA was not evident in two of the three transformant lines, indicating that raf overexpression is not necessary and 5' truncation alone may be sufficient to activate the transforming potential of cellular raf genes.
Reactive security of IoT communications (2019)

IoT networks’ intrinsic vulnerabilities can be protected through intru- sion detection and response systems (IDRS). Anomaly-based intrusion detection offers multiple advantages: it can detect unknown attacks and it can adapt to multiple types of protocols. However, intrusion response is harder to carry out in combination with an anomaly-based detection system in part due to the possibility of false positive alerts. Through two implementations of IDRS in two distinct IoT networks, this thesis will highlight ways to improve anomaly-based detection and allow for appropriate response when possible. The results show that anomaly-based detection can be used in the case of a ZigBee IoT network to detect different types of attacks without previous knowl- edge of these attacks. Moreover, soft response methods that improve the quality of detection with a low impact on the IoT network behavior are achievable.
[Cat's Claw: an herb from the Peruvian Amazon]. (1996)

Uncaria tomentosa, also known as cat's claw, an herb from the highlands of the Peruvian Amazon, has been used by natives for hundreds of years to treat immunologic and digestive disorders. Research began in the 1970s to discover the benefits of this plant in relieving symptoms of cancers, arthritis, and other ailments. It has the ability to cleanse the digestive tract, aiding victims of Crohn's, colitis, gastritis and more. In a 1989 study by Klaus Keplinger, several alkaloid oxidants found in the plant's roots showed an ability to stimulate the immune system. The principal alkaloids are isopteropodine and rynchophyiline. Extracts of cat's claw mixed with AZT in an experimental drug, called Krallendom, were effective in reducing symptoms in AIDS patients in Austria. The plant has been useful in reducing secondary effects of radiation and chemotherapy in cancer victims as well.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF PHOSPHINES WITH CH ACIDS (1977)

Abstract Tertiäre Phosphine (II) geben mit CH‐aciden Säuren, z.B. (I), Phosphoniumsalze (III), während mit Aminophosphinen (IV) Ammoniumsalze (V) entstehen.
STIS CCD Anneal Results (2009)

In this ISR we give the results of the monitoring program for the STIS CCD average dark current and annealing accumulated during the lifetime of STIS (February 1997 to August 2004). This program consists of monitors of darks, biases, the growth of hot pixels, and the effect that annealing has on the elimination of these hot pixels. We find that the STIS CCD grew a number of hot persistent pixels (i.e., hot pixels which do not anneal away), and that it continued to grow hot pixels at a consistent rate before and after the switch from Side-1 electronics to Side-2 electronics. We also find that the STIS CCD annealed away new hot pixels at the ~81% rate when running under Side 1, and ~48% rate when running under Side 2.
Holter monitoring in the long QT syndrome of children and adolescents. (1990)

Results of Holter monitoring (HM) of ECG in 45 patients with long QT syndrome (LOTS) and 26 healthy control children are presented. 15 patients had a history of syncopal attacks (group I), other patients were symptomless (group II). Heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc) on standard resting ECG exceeded 460 ms in 73.3% of patients in group I and in 44.8% of group II patients. On Holter monitoring, it was present in 100% of group I and 83.9% of group II patients. T wave alternation was registered in 66.6% of group I and 56.7% of group II patients. Ventricular arrhythmia was not found on standard resting ECG in any of the examined children, whereas Holter monitoring revealed ventricular extrasystoles in 53.3% of group I and 6.7% of group II patients (p less than 0.05). In one case early ventricular extrasystoles accompanied an attack of ventricular tachycardia. Mathematical analysis of 24-h extracardial heart rhythm regulation revealed its disturbance in LQTS patients compared to healthy children, as well as asthenic signs in the sympathetic nervous system. These changes were more pronounced in patients with a more severe course of the disease (group I).