gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppressor T cells and the immune response to tumors. (1984)

In this paper we have attempted to define the role of suppressor T cells in many well-defined murine tumor systems. We have knowingly omitted a blocking antibodies, suppressor B cells as mediators of tumor immunosuppression in various murine tumor systems; these have been well reviewed elsewhere. Also, we have focused on the importance of two different types of antigen-presenting cells in the induction and suppression of cell-mediated immunity and on some of the different modalities employed to inhibit Ts function. Finally, we have discussed the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the possible role of a defective helper pathway and enhanced suppressor pathway in its pathogenesis. We and others believe that the suppressor pathway is preferentially activated by tumor antigen(s) in the cases of many immunogenic murine tumors--possibly due to the release of tumor antigen(s) from tumor cells, their subsequent trafficking to specific areas of the spleen and other organs, and, ultimately, their presentation by certain APC to Ts. Ts may then act directly upon helper Lyt 1+2- T cells as these cells interact with tumor antigen(s) on I-A+ APC. Alternatively, if the effector pathway were somehow impaired--e.g., by ultraviolet radiation or a virus--then the suppressor pathway may be activated in an unregulated manner, often to the detriment of the host. Biochemical characterization of the tumor antigens that stimulate Ts generation and, presumably, tumor growth and definitive documentation of a role of APC in the processing and presentation of these tumor antigens to Ts need to be done. Then selective stimulation of the effector immune response, along with inhibition of the suppressor response, to tumor antigens with drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and soluble mediators or their analogues may be possible in the near future.
Vocal-source biomarkers for depression: a link to psychomotor activity (2012)

1 A hypothesis in characterizing human depression is that change in the brain‟s basal ganglia results in a decline of motor coordination [6][8][14]. Such a neuro-physiological change may therefore affect laryngeal control and dynamics. Under this hypothesis, toward the goal of objective monitoring of depression severity, we investigate vocal-source biomarkers for depression; specifically, source features that may relate to precision in motor control, including vocal-fold shimmer and jitter, degree of aspiration, fundamental frequency dynamics, and frequency-dependence of variability and velocity of energy. We use a 35-subject database collected by Mundt et al. [1] in which subjects were treated over a six-week period, and investigate correlation of our features with clinical (HAMD), as well as self-reported (QIDS) Total subject assessment scores. To explicitly address the motor aspect of depression, we compute correlations with the Psychomotor Retardation component of clinical and self-reported Total assessments. For our longitudinal database, most correlations point to statistical relationships of our vocal-source biomarkers with psychomotor activity, as well as with depression severity.
Autoencoder - a new method for keeping data privacy when analyzing videos of patients with motor dysfunction (P4.001) (2018)

To test whether coded frame vectors of autoencoders contain relevant information to analyse videos of patient movements and preserve data privacy.
Repair of damage and stimulation of growth cone response following laser induced sub-axotomy (2012)

In this paper we induced sub-axotomy axonal damage and repair by use of the laser microbeam in cultured retinal ganglion cells. When growth cones are near the damaged site of an axon, some cases will respond to the damage by extending filopodia towards the damaged axon. In some cases, the filopodia touch the damaged site. These experiments suggest that guidance cues that are sensed by the growth cones are released from the damaged site. These results also indicate that axon growth cone have a role in repair of the neuronal damage.
Multi-physics Plasma Simulation by the Interlocking of Two Different Hybrid Models (2008)

We have developed a new interlocked simulation model to connect an Ion-Particle Hybrid simulation model (Hybrid) and an Energetic-Particle Hybrid simulation (EP-Hyb) model. In the conventional Ion-Particle Hybrid model, all ions are kinetically treated as particles. In the EP-Hyb model, non-thermal energetic ions are kinetically treated, and the thermal component is calculated as a fluid. The interlocked model is applied to an one-dimensional collisionless shock problem. The data of each hybrid model are exchanged through the boundary at every time-step. Resultantly, the present simulation can handle the full ion kinetics to investigate the injection problem at the shock transition region by the Hybrid model, and also the wave-particle interactions even in the far upstream region to investigate the diffusive acceleration process by the EP-Hyb model. Since the calculation cost of the EP-Hyb model is much smaller than that of the Hybrid model, with the interlocked simulation we can considerably reduce the computational demand.
Measurement of the Branching Ratio<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>L</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>π</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>L</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>π</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1969)

The rate of the $\mathrm{CP}$-nonconserving decay $K_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ has been measured relative to that of $K_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ using a monoenergetic $K$ beam and a nearly $4\ensuremath{\pi}$ solid-angle detector system employing lead-plate spark chambers and shower counters. The measured branching ratio 1.31% \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.18% (statistical) \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}25% (systematic) leads to a value for the $\mathrm{CP}$-nonconservation parameter ${|{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{00}|}^{2}$ of (14.1 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.4) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$.
Targets and emerging therapies for schizophrenia (2012)

Preface vii Contributors xi Introduction 1 Alan J. Cross 1 Dopaminergic Hypothesis of Schizophrenia: A Historical Perspective 5 Aurelija Jucaite and Svante Nyberg 2 Dopamine D2/D3 Partial Agonists as Antipsychotics 37 Philip G. Strange 3 D1/D5 Dopamine Agonists as Pharmacotherapy for Schizophrenia 51 Kevin N. Boyd and Richard B. Mailman 4 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Schizophrenia 85 Judith A. Siuciak and William J. Pitts 5 Glutamatergic Synaptic Dysregulation in Schizophrenia 115 Joseph T. Coyle, Alo Basu, and Michael Benneyworth 6 Metabotropic Glutamate 2/3 Receptor Agonists and Positive Allosteric Modulators of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2 as Novel Agents for the Treatment of Schizophrenia 143 Gerard J. Marek, Bruce J. Kinon, David L. McKinzie, Jeffrey M. Schkeryantz, and James A. Monn 7 AMPA Receptor Positive Modulators 187 John A. Morrow, John K.F. Maclean, and Craig Jamieson 8 Progress in the Exploration and Development of GlyT1 Inhibitors for Schizophrenia 233 Jeffrey S. Albert and Michael W. Wood 9 Combined Dopamine D2 and 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)1A Receptor Strategies for the Treatment of Schizophrenia: A Pharmacological and Chemical Perspective 255 Andrew C. McCreary, Roelof W. Feenstra, and Caitlin A. Jones 10 5-HT2C and 5-HT6 Receptor Targeted Emerging Approaches in Schizophrenia 273 Sharon Rosenzweig-Lipson, John Dunlop, Lee E. Schechter, Thomas A. Comery, Jonathan Gross, and Karen L. Marquis 11 The Cholinergic Hypothesis: An Introduction to the Hypothesis and a Short History 295 Joseph I. Friedman, Isabella Kanellopoulou, and Vladan Novakovic 12 7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Treatment of Schizophrenia 319 Mihaly Hajos and Bruce N. Rogers 13 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors as Novel Targets for the Development of Therapeutics for Schizophrenia 355 Christian C. Felder, David L. McKinzie, Richard C. Thompson, and Bin Liu 14 Will Modulation of Neuropeptide Receptors Produce the Next Generation of Antipsychotic Drugs? A Focus on the Neurokinin and Neurotensin Systems 381 Lee A. Dawson, Paul W. Smith, and Jeannette M. Watson 15 GABA and Schizophrenia 425 John H. Kehne and George D. Maynard Index 469
A new method of determining the mean curve of lightning impulses according to IEC 60060-1 (1999)

In this contribution a new method for the determination of mean curves of lightning impulses is presented. The method is in accordance with the actual standard IEC 60060-1 and based on mathematical curve fitting using the least mean square (LMS) error as quality criterion and the Gauss-Newton or the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms in order to solve the nonlinear equations. The presented procedure reproduces measured lightning impulses in a more suitable way than conventional functions and is therefore able to determine mean curves of standard lightning impulses as well as of lightning impulses superimposed by oscillations or overshoots. A comparison of results obtained with the described method and other curve fittings by using the IEC-TDG and measured data produced by a special generating circuit shows that the new method is more favourable.
Improvement in the quality of flow visualization in the Langley 0.3-meter transonic cryogenic tunnel (1986)

Optical diagnostic techniques have not been as successful in the 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel as in conventional wind tunnels. This paper describes a simple shadowgraph experiment which allowed evacuation of the optical paths outside the test section. The results show that refractive index variations induced by temperature gradients outside the test section account for most of the image degradation. Earlier reports had erroneously attributed this degradation to inhomogeneities in the test section. Evacuation of the paths leading to and from the test section significantly improves the quality of flow visualization.
Nutrient‐limited growth of Microcystis aeruginosa and Phormidium tenue and competition under various N:P supply ratios and temperatures (1997)

The blue‐green algae Microcystis aeruginosa and Phormidium tenue were grown in nutrient‐limited continuous cultures and together in mixed continuous cultures under various N:P supply ratios and temperatures. The Droop model accurately described the growth of these two algae. Competitive abilities for P and N distinctively differed among these two algae. In competition experiments, M. aeruginosa was the superior competitor under conditions of low N: P supply ratio and high temperature, whereas P. tenue was superior under conditions of high N : P supply ratio and low temperature, which corresponded to field observations of the algal community in Lake Kasumigaura. Both laboratory and field observations suggest that the N: P supply ratio and temperature are significant environmental factors affecting the relative abundances of M. aeruginosa and P. tenue .
E35 Studies of tool wear mechanism by cutting temperature simulation in machining of single-crystal silicon (2008)

The mechanism of tool wear in machining of single-crystal silicon was studied because the service life of a diamond tool is normally very short. The cutting edge temperature was estimated by using the finite element method simulation. The tool wear mechanism might be related to the diamond deterioration by chemical reaction rather than by mechanical wear.
Ultrafast switching liquid crystals for next-generation transmissive and reflective displays (2010)

We describe wide temperature range bimesogenic chiral nematic liquid crystals with high flexoelectro-optic coefficients (e/K),of the order of 2.0 CN<sup>-1</sup> m<sup>-1</sup>, high switching angles, > 160° and 50-100μs response times, which may be used to give gray scale devices in both the ULH texture, with an optimum optical in plane switch of 45° at fields of 2Vμm<sup>-1</sup> depending on helix pitch and suitable for LCoS devices, and in the USH or Grandjean texture with a unique optically isotropic "field off" black state and contrast ratios of > 5000:1, using "in plane" electric fields, with switching times of the order of 200μs. The new materials and devices give μs level to level switching and the real potential for colour filter free frame sequential colour switching. Highly reflective Blue Phase devices, stable over a 90°C temperature range, in which an electric field is used to switch the reflection from red to green, for example, will be described. Full RGB reflections may be obtained with switching times of a few milliseconds. New surface and volume activated reflecting N* Grandjean texture devices will also be described. Visible wavelength shifts of ~100nm are reported. These are activated by so called "command" surfaces or nanoscopic ferroelectric inclusions and conventional transverse electric fields. Finally we will briefly mention potential applications including high efficiency RGB liquid crystal laser sources.
High density 3D integration by pre-applied Inter Chip Fill (2010)

28,561 bumps/die were electrically connected by Stack Joining method using pre-applied Inter Chip Fill resin.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Reactions of Isoxazoline 2‐Oxides. Part 8. Formation of 4‐p‐ Bromophenyl‐5‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxycarbonyl‐5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐1,2‐oxazine by Means of New Ring Transformation of an Isoxazoline 2‐Oxide. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Analyte-selective optode membranes and optical evaluation techniques: characterization of response behavior by ATR measurements</title> (1995)

A variety of analyte-selective bulk membranes for use in optodes have been developed. They combine effectively with various optical transducers and detection techniques. Although the working principles of these membranes differ, the basic principle is a diffusion-limited exchange of the analyte between sample solution and optical bulk membrane. The thickness and viscosity of the membranes govern the diffusion and, therefore, the response time of the sensor. In accord with analytical requirements, the specifications of optode membranes can be predicted from measurements of the overall diffusion coefficients in the membrane phase. The ATR-approach is shown to be an attractive technique for such investigations.
Techniques to Identify Palatable Beef Carcasses: Hunterlab Beefcam™ (1999)

Most cattlemen agree that instrument technology, combined with mechanisms to trace livestock through the processing chain, would assist in developing a true "value- or qualitybased" marketing system--where economic signals are transmitted across the entire production chain so that customer preferences are communicated to producers. Tatum et al. (1999) demonstrated the importance of being able to sort beef carcasses, based on an accurate measurement of their subsequent eating quality, if true quality management practices are to ever be implemented to reduce variation and inconsistency in beef palatability. Because Video Image Analysis (VIA) technology has been a priority for commercial testing by the beef industry (NLSMB, 1994), researchers have focused a great deal of time and effort evaluating such technology since 1994. As part of this effort, Colorado State University and Hunter Associates Laboratories, Inc. (Reston, VA) have collaborated to develop the HunterLab BeefCam™ System for sorting beef carcasses on the basis of projected eating quality.
Exciton and vibronic effects in the spectroscopy of bianthracene in supersonic beams (1986)

Excitation and dispersed fluorescence spectra of 9,9′-bianthracene in a supersonic expansion are reported. The spectra are anthracene-like, indicating that the rings are weakly coupled. Exciton effects are considered in the interpretation of the spectra. The torsional potential in S1 is modeled as a double-well (Gaussian perturbation on a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator) with barriers to perpendicularity and planarity of ∼30 and ∼1100 cm−1, respectively. The S0 torsional potential shows negative anharmonicity which is modeled as a quartic perturbation. Anthracenic modes in S1 and S0 are also assigned. Finally, measurements of S1 fluorescence lifetimes up to ∼6000 cm−1 excess energy in the excited state show no evidence of charge transfer.
Characterizing in-text citations in scientific articles: A large-scale analysis (2017)

We report characteristics of in-text citations in over five million full text articles from two large databases - the PubMed Central Open Access subset and Elsevier journals - as functions of time, textual progression, and scientific field. The purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics of in-text citations in a detailed way prior to pursuing other studies focused on answering more substantive research questions. As such, we have analyzed in-text citations in several ways and report many findings here. Perhaps most significantly, we find that there are large field-level differences that are reflected in position within the text, citation interval (or reference age), and citation counts of references. In general, the fields of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Life and Earth Sciences, and Physical Sciences and Engineering have similar reference distributions, although they vary in their specifics. The two remaining fields, Mathematics and Computer Science and Social Science and Humanities, have different reference distributions from the other three fields and between themselves. We also show that in all fields the numbers of sentences, references, and in-text mentions per article have increased over time, and that there are field-level and temporal differences in the numbers of in-text mentions per reference. A final finding is that references mentioned only once tend to be much more highly cited than those mentioned multiple times.
Copyright and the network (2003)

ABSTRACT The development of the global network has not altered the law of copyright – all existing legislation applies. However, some new legislation has been necessary. Some owners of intellectual property believe technical measures are more effective than the law. Others are seeking to find new ways of licensing usage. A third group is more concerned with moral rights than with property rights.
In Vitro Amyloid Aggregate Forming Ability of TGFBI Mutants that Cause Corneal Dystrophies (2012)

TGFBI sequence heterogeneity was observed in Chinese CD patients. TMAO reduced amyloid aggregation caused by Arg-124 mutants, which suggests a potential chemical-based treatment for CDs.
Chronic nicotine exposure alters blood–brain barrier permeability and diminishes brain uptake of methyllycaconitine (2005)

Methyllycaconitine (MLA) is reported to be a selective antagonist for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 subtype and has been found in animal behavioral studies to reduce nicotine self-administration and attenuate nicotine withdrawal symptoms. While MLA crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB), no studies have assessed brain uptake in animals subjected to chronic nicotine exposure. Given that chronic nicotine administration has been reported to alter BBB parameters that may affect the kinetic BBB passage of MLA, we evaluated MLA brain uptake in naive and S-(-)nicotine-exposed rats (4.5 mg/kg/day for 28 days; osmotic minipumps) using in situ rat brain perfusions. Our results demonstrate that in situ(3)H-MLA brain uptake rates in naive animals approximate to intravenous kinetic data (K(in), 3.24 +/- 0.71 x 10(-4) mL/s/g). However, 28-day nicotine exposure diminished (3)H-MLA brain uptake by approximately 60% (K(in), 1.29 +/- 0.4 x 10(-4) mL/s/g). This reduction was not related to nicotine-induced (3)H-MLA brain efflux or BBB transport alterations. Similar experiments also demonstrated that the passive permeation of (14)C-thiourea was diminished approximately 24% after chronic nicotine exposure. Therefore, it appears that chronic nicotine exposure diminishes the blood-brain passive diffusion of compounds with very low extraction rates (i.e. permeability-limited compounds). These findings imply that the pharmacokinetics of neuropharmaceutical agents that are permeability limited may need to be re-evaluated in individuals exposed to nicotine.
Static and Dynamic Load Deflection Tests of Steel Structures (1955)

The results of four phases of a study of the resistance of\nstructural steel frames and frame components are described in this\nreport. Three of the phases, the study of full-scale beam-columns\nlaterally loaded in a principal direction, the model frame study, and\nthe study of obliquely loaded full-scale beam-columns, are concerned\nwith the investigation of static resistance. The fourth phase is concerned\nwith the nature of dynamic resistance of beams. The purpose of\nthis program is to obtain the structural parameters necessary to define\nthe resistance of buildings and building components to blast loading.\nThe static resistances, as measured in tests of the beam-columns\nand frames, are compared with the resistances predicted using\nthe elasto-plastic theory and an extension of this theory to include\nthe effect of strain hardening. In all studies described the influence\nof constant axial loads is discussed and techniques for including this\neffect in the analysis are presented except for the case of the oblique\nloading study.\nThe last section of this report describes the results of a\ndynamic test of a simply-supported beam and the analytical studies\nundertaken in conjunction with this test. A criterion for determining\nthe dynamic yield stress, based on available information on the delay\ntime for yielding, is described and applied to the data obtained in the\ntest. Two possible forms for the dynamic resistance of the beam after\nyielding are discussed and a comparison of the measured response with the\nresponse predicted assuming these forms of the resistance is made.
CW soliton train generation in the repetition rate range 60-90GHz using a dispersion decreasing fibre (1992)

We report the generation of stable, CW soliton trains at 1.551µm using a technique based on the nonlinear propagation of a beat-signal in a dispersion-tailored fibre system. Repetition rates in the range 60-90 Gbit/s and mark-space ratios in the range 1:5 to 1:11 were obtained.
SURVEY: OXIDATION CHARACTERISTICS OF COLUMBIUM AND COLUMBIUM BASE ALLOYS (1959)

Unclassified experimental data concerned with the oxidation characteristics of Nb and Nb-base alloys are presented. The bulk of the results is presented in tabular form and cataloged under laboratory name sub-headings. The theory of alloy development for oxidation resistance is discussed. Methods of evaluating oxidation behavior are outlined. (M.C.G.)
Chain-Thermal Explosions and the Transition from Deflagration Combustion to Detonation (2018)

The transition from combustion to a chain-thermal explosion, a necessary step in the transition from deflagration combustion into detonation, is studied using the example of hydrogen oxidation. Differences between the kinetic modes of ignition and a chain-thermal explosion are discussed.