gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Wake of Self-Propelled and Over-Thrusted Slender Bodies Near a Simulated Free Surface (1988)

Measurements were performed in the turbulent wake of a propeller-driven axisymmetric body with a plane of symmetry. A flat plate strut was attached to the upper surface of the axisymmetric body, giving a configuration like that of a SWATH-type ship, with the free surface replaced by the plane of symmetry. All mean flow and turbulent flow parameters were measured at three streamwise stations. The measurements were performed for the self-propelled condition and 100 percent over-thrust condition. In the far wake, the center of the wake was found to migrate towards the plane of symmetry. Some interactions were noted between the wakes of the propeller-driven axisymmetric body and that of the flat plate strut—yielding lower axial velocities, higher turbulence intensities and larger static pressure changes compared to regions free of such interference. Comparisons of these effects in the self-propelled case, 100 percent over-thrust case and a previous unpropelled case are given. Spectral measurements were also performed in both near-wake and far-wake regions.
Studies on intercellular adhesion. III. Adhesion of cells to isotypic or heterotypic collecting particles and monolayers (1979)

Adhesion between cells of different tissues from chick embryos was studied by the modified collecting particle (Pessac et al., '77a) and stationary monolayer assays. These assays measure the number of 3H labeled cells that adhere to the surface of cell aggregates and tissue fragments or on top of cell monolayers. The numbers of cells from a given suspension that adhere to identical or different cells can be compared. Intercellular adhesion may be considered as tissue specific if, in identical conditions, more cells adhere to identical cells than to cells from different tissues. Neural retina, cerebrum, optic tectum, liver and kidney cells from 9-day-old chick embryos showed no tissue specificity of adhesion, while heart cells adhered preferentially to collecting heart fragments.
A dynamic feedback tracking design for systems with friction using the LMI formulation (2005)

This paper addresses an extended output feedback positioning tracking of a servo-system with friction. It is based on LuGre friction observer dynamics with fixed model parameters. Our design features a global asymptotic stability of the tracking error while sustaining desired transient specifications using dual conditions of strictly positive real (SPR) one and exponential stability margin. These latter have to be fixed with respect to specific pole placement limiting fast controller dynamics. Our full-order dynamic output feedback controller is composed of two components: the first deals with the tracking context and the second represents a correction term in the observer from the position and velocity errors. The subsequent linear state space controller matrices are found by using the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed compensator.
Role of film history and observational timescale on redox switching kinetics of electroactive films. Part 1.—A new model for permselective films with polymer relaxation processes (1993)

A model involving the transport of mobile species and film structure relaxation processes is developed for redox switching of permselective electroactive polymer films. Free-energy profiles for such systems show that a variety of pseudo-equilibrium (metastable) states may be populated. The initial polymer film state is determined by the film's history. The participation of solvent transfer and polymer reconfiguration depend on the experimental timescale. The model considers electron/counter-ion transfer, solvent transfer and polymer reconfiguration as distinguishable processes. Redox switching involving these three processes is described by a scheme-of-cubes type formulation. The model is generally applicable to any (electrochemical or non-electrochemical) technique. The model encompasses a variety of observed phenomena including ‘break-in’, charge- and masstrapping, structural evolution with redox cycling, kinetic decoupling of ion and solvent transfer and variation of apparent charge transport rate and formal potential with the experimental timescale.
Synthesis and biological activity profile of novel 2-cinnamylidene-1,3-diones related to coruscanone A: promising new antileishmanial agents (2012)

A series of 2-cinnamyliden-1,3-diones related to the natural product coruscanone A was prepared from simple commercially available precursors via Knoevenagel condensation, and evaluated for antifungal, antibacterial and antiparasitic activities. Most of the compounds tested displayed antifungal effects against opportunistic pathogen C. neoformans comparable to coruscanone A and its derivatives suggesting that the mechanism of action of this class of compounds would involve Michael addition of a nucleophilic site of the biological target on the styryl side chain instead of the previously proposed reaction at the cyclopentenedione ring. In addition, some showed good in vitro antileishmanial activity (L. donovani), one of the compounds being superior to pentamidine and comparable to amphotericin B.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECTS OF COEXISTING GASES ON THE CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF NITRIC OXIDE WITH AMMONIA OVER COPPER(II) NAY (1980)

Abstract Die Einflüsse von koexistierendem H20, 02 und SO 2 auf N0‐NH3‐Reaktion A über Cu(II)NaY werden im Hinblick auf eine praktische Anwendung bei der N0‐ Entfernung aus industriellen Abgasen untersucht.
Second-Line Chemotherapy in Relapsing or Refractory Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Review (2000)

Since most patients are treated with a platinum-based regimen in the first line, platinum resistance usually is a major consideration for the use of second-line agents. We argue, however, that a more general definition of drug resistance is more appropriate than resistance to platinum only. Criteria to select NSCLC patients for second-line treatment have not been defined yet. This is also important in light of the upcoming necessity to test new drugs in pretreated instead of treated patients. Guidelines for second-line treatment of NSCLC based on clinical information on drug sensitivity to first-line therapy need to be developed.
Photolysis of 2-methyl-5-phenyltetrazole (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotolysis of 2-methyl-5-phenyltetrazoleRobert R. Fraser, Gurudata, and K. E. HaqueCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 12, 4118–4120Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01264a077https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01264a077research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
FRAILTY AND THE OLDER MAN (1999)

Frailty is a wasting syndrome of advanced age that leaves a person vulnerable to falls, functional decline, morbidity, and mortality. The cause of this syndrome is complex but likely has a biologic basis. Studies by the authors' research group have validated a phenotype of frailty [table: see text] and have established a gender difference in prevalence with women twice as likely to develop the syndrome as men. Using a biologic model that includes sarcopenia, neuroendocrine decline, and immune dysfunction as potential causes, several physiologic gender differences may explain these differing levels of frailty. First, higher baseline levels of muscle mass may protect men from reaching a threshold of weakness and muscle mass loss that may put them into a category of frailty. Specific neuroendocrine and hormonal factors that may make men less likely to develop frailty than women include testosterone and GH, which may provide advantages in muscle mass maintenance, and cortisol, which is likely less dysregulated in older men as compared to older women. There is also evidence of immune system dimorphism that is, in part, responsive to sex steroids, perhaps making men more vulnerable to sepsis and infection and women more vulnerable to chronic inflammatory conditions and muscle mass loss. The net effect of the hormonal dysregulation and immune system dysfunction is an accelerated loss of muscle mass. There is also evidence that lower levels of activity and lower caloric intake in women as compared to men may also influence the phenotype of frailty and make women more vulnerable then men to the syndrome.
Relationship between participants’ level of education and engagement in their completion of the Understanding Dementia Massive Open Online Course (2015)

The high completion rate and level of engagement of participants across a broad spectrum of levels of education suggest that MOOCs can be successfully developed and delivered to students from diverse educational backgrounds. The high participation rate also highlights the combination of MOOC design as well as the scale of unmet need for quality dementia education.
Influence of the Si-Content on the High Temperature Oxidation Behaviour of NiCrBSi-Coatings (2014)

The high temperature oxidation behaviour of Ni-Cr-B-Si coatings with a higher Si-content was investigated in order to evaluate the suitability of such materials especially for novel applications concerning highly aggressive environments like metal dusting. Metal dusting is a corrosion phenomenon that occurs in reducing-, carbon-supersaturated (a c >1) gaseous atmosphere, containing CO, H 2 , CO 2 and H 2 O, at elevated temperatures between 400 and 800°C. Metal dusting reactions can be classified into two types. The first one concerns Fe-alloys, where Fe 3 C is growing on the surface. The second one is related to the reaction of Ni, Co and their alloys, where the destruction takes place through inward growth or direct ingrowth of graphite, without forming the metastable Fe 3 C. Regarding to the literature, metal dusting is typically encountered in industrial furnaces, but mainly in the chemical or petrochemical industry. The way to suppress metal dusting is to stop the dissociation of the carbon source or to stop the carbon ingress in the material. One possibility in order to avoid the carburization of Fe, Ni, Co and their alloys is to preoxidize the samples. Based on the reducing atmosphere, where metal dusting occurs, the isothermal outsourcing for the formation of a protective Al-, Cr- or Si-oxide layer on the samples in air is mostly necessary. The role of a stable Al 2 O 3 and Cr 2 O 3 -layer on the sample as a diffusion barrier against the carbon ingress, based on their low solubility for carbon, has already been investigated and proved by many scientists. The formation of a protective and thermodynamically very stable SiO 2 scale was also investigated. Within the scope of this work, the influence of a higher Si-content (4,5 wt%) in NiCrBSi-alloys, depending on the temperature, was analyzed. For this purpose the samples were oxidized in air at 600, 700 and 800°C respectively. The surface morphology and the phase composition of the grown oxide scales were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) and by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The experimental results demonstrate the importance of silicon content on the coatings properties, respectively on the stability of the formed oxide scale (free of micro cracks, no spallation). This element is able to form beside chromium, a dense oxide layer on the sample surface, protecting it against further degradation induced by the atmosphere in different high temperature applications. Moreover, the increased chromium content of the feedstock powder (from 10 wt% in previous work to 12,5 wt%) demonstrated that the Ni-Cr-B-Si coatings exposed at 600°C, 700°C as well as at 800°C were not susceptible to internal oxidation.
Enhancement of MLD for SDM/OFDM using power imbalance of polarization and pre-phase distortion scheme (2005)

SDM/OFDM systems transmit different data using the same frequency, so it is necessary to reduce the co-channel interference for separating the simultaneously received signals. Previous studies have shown that the maximum likelihood detection (MLD) has the best BER performance. However, if the received powers of the desired symbols from different antennas are nearly the same, MLD shows poor detection property, since almost the same replicas may generate, even if the combination of the transmitted symbols are different. For enhancement of a MLD of SDM/OFDM, in this paper, we focus on a power imbalance of polarization and the pre-phase distortion scheme to diminish the same power and phase occurrence probability of the received signals.
Health Care Executive Education: A Program Note. (1995)

The challenge of a metropolitan university to offer innovative higher educational programs in limited space is being facilitated by creative distance learning. The Executive Program leading to a Master of&ience in Health Administration at Virginia Commonwealth University is an example of such a program that is changing from a first generation bulletin board conferencing system to a client-server, based program on the World Wide Web accessed through the Internet.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Flavocoxid, a dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX of natural origin, attenuates the inflammatory response and protects mice from sepsis (2012)

Flavocoxid protects mice from sepsis, suggesting that this dual inhibitor may represent a promising approach in such a life-threatening condition.
[Development of anti-inflammatory drugs targeted against prostaglandin-related molecules]. (2010)

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a proinflammatory mediator that is synthesized by cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) and prostaglandin E synthases (cPGES-1 and mPGES-1); PGE2 exerts its biological effects by binding to specific receptors. Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs), which are non-selective COX inhibitors, have been very often used as painkillers, their side effects such as gastrointestinal hemorrhage remain a serious problem. Therefore, the selective COX-2 inhibitors were developed; the use of these inhibitors exerted anti-inflammatory effects without the increased risk of gastrointestinal events. Unfortunately, however, several clinical studies demonstrated that the inhibition of COX-2 was associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular events. Consequently, mPGES-1 and PGE2 receptors are currently expected to be attractive targets for anti-inflammatory drug development in order to reduce the side effects.
A first-order mechanistic model for architectural vulnerability factor (2012)

Soft error reliability has become a first-order design criterion for modern microprocessors. Architectural Vulnerability Factor (AVF) modeling is often used to capture the probability that a radiation-induced fault in a hardware structure will manifest as an error at the program output. AVF estimation requires detailed microarchitectural simulations which are time-consuming and typically present aggregate metrics. Moreover, it requires a large number of simulations to derive insight into the impact of microarchitectural events on AVF. In this work we present a first-order mechanistic analytical model for computing AVF by estimating the occupancy of correct-path state in important microarchitecture structures through inexpensive profiling. We show that the model estimates the AVF for the reorder buffer, issue queue, load and store queue, and functional units in a 4-wide issue machine with a mean absolute error of less than 0.07. The model is constructed from the first principles of out-of-order processor execution in order to provide novel insight into the interaction of the workload with the microarchitecture to determine AVF. We demonstrate that the model can be used to perform design space explorations to understand trade-offs between soft error rate and performance, to study the impact of scaling of microarchitectural structures on AVF and performance, and to characterize workloads for AVF.
Reaction of 5-nitro-octaethylporphyrins with nucleophiles (2002)

An investigation of the reactions of metallo-5-nitro-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrins with Grignard reagents, benzyl oxide, phenoxide and benzenethiolate nucleophiles shows that, except for benzenethiolate reactions, they are less efficient than related reactions of metallo-2-nitro-5,10,15,20-tetraarylporphyrins. Treatment of free-base and nickel(II) 5-nitro-octaethylporphyrin with the “soft” nucleophile benzenethiolate in DMF affords the corresponding 5-phenylthioporphyrins in 61 and 72% yield, respectively, by ipso-substitution of the nitro group. In contrast, with methylmagnesium iodide and benzyl oxide, “hard” nucleophiles, attack is at the diagonally opposite 15-position of the ring to give 15-substituted 5-nitroporphyrin while with phenoxide and more substituted Grignard reagents, electron-transfer reactions lead to denitration to (metallo)-octaethylporphyrin or reduction to the corresponding 5-aminoporphyrin. The lower efficiency of the latter reactions, compared to those on 2-nitro-tetraarylporphyrin analogues, is a consequence of two factors, higher energies being required for initial nucleophilic attack as macrocyclic aromaticity is lost in intermediates and the susceptibility of the resultant “non-aromatic” intermediates to further attack.
Effects of surface wettability, flow, and protein concentration on macrophage and astrocyte adhesion in an <i>in vitro</i> model of central nervous system catheter obstruction (2011)

While silicone devices have vastly improved an array of medical treatments, reactions at the tissue-substrate interface often impede their functionality. Insertion of a poly(dimethyl)siloxane (PDMS) catheter into the cerebral ventricles to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the most common treatment of hydrocephalus, but shunting often fails because inflammatory tissue, choroid plexus cells, and debris grow into these central nervous system catheters and obstruct flow. We hypothesized that plasma oxidation of PDMS would inhibit macrophage and astrocyte adhesion under flow (0 to 0.3 mL/min) and protein (20.8 to 240 mg/dL) conditions similar to those observed in the physiological state. Oxidation (to increase wettability) had an inhibitory effect on macrophage cell binding (yielding a significant 88% change) that was generally more pronounced than the effect of flow (22% change) or protein concentration (3% change). In contrast, greater flow increased binding of astrocytes in most cases (yielding a significant 97% change); plasma oxidation (19% change), and protein concentration (60% change) had less pronounced effects. This study is the initial indicator that plasma oxidation of PDMS catheters may inhibit macrophage adhesion during CSF outflow but may not be as effective at inhibiting astrocyte binding.
Asymmetrische Doppelbindungsisomerisierung von 4,7-Dihydro-zu 4,5-Dihydro-1,3-dioxepinen (1986)

Die Isomerisierung zu optisch aktiven, cyclischen Vinylethern 2 gelang ausgehend von den cyclischen Allylethern 1 in Gegenwart chiraler Ru- oder Rh-Katalysatoren. Die Höhe des ee-Wertes (derzeit bis 25%) hängt von Substituenten R. ab.
An Analysis of Time-Dependence for Chernobyl Fallout in Italy (1997)

We present here an analysis of the airborne radioactivity measured in Italy after the Chernobyl accident. We provide some quality assurance, isolate suspicious data, and devise a mathematical model to aid in interpreting time-dependent fallout data. The model consists of an interpolating function whose parameters can be related to 1) the arrival time of the radioactive cloud; 2) the time of the maximum radioactive concentration; and 3) the decay-rate of airborne radioactivity as the pollutant cloud passes. Multiple arrivals of the radioactive cloud in a given site can also be considered. The parametrization can be used to estimate concentrations of 137Cs using measurements of (131)I, 103Ru, or 132Te. The interpolating function is fitted to the data collected in several Italian Provinces. We feel this model is an useful tool for interpreting time-dependent fallout data.
The Effect of Bottom Damage Size of Stranded Ship on Ultimate Strength (2008)

Ships operating in littoral sea are likely to be subjected to accidental loads especially stranding. Once she has damage on the hull structure, her ultimate strength will be reduced. This paper is to investigate the effect of stranding damage size on the ultimate strength of ship structure by using a series of collapse tests. For the experiment, five box-girder models of 720mm × 720mm in section and 900mm in length were prepared. Of the five, one has no damage and each four have a diamond shaped damage of different size which represents the shape of rock section in seabed. Among the damaged models, three were made by cutting the plate and one by pressing to represent stranding damage. Experiments were carried out under pure bending load and the applied load and displacements were recorded. The ultimate strength is reduced as the damage size increases, as expected. The largest damaged model has the damage size of 30% of breadth and its ultimate strength is reduced by 21% than that of no damaged one. The pressed one has lower ultimate strength than cut one. This might be due to the fact that the plate around the pressed damage area effect unfavorably on the ultimate strength. The models are analyzed with LS-DYNA and the results are compared with the results from the experiments. From the intact model, buckling occurred in the analysis but not in the experiment. The ultimate strengths of other models from the analysis are fairly close to those from the experiments. The errors are within 10%. With the results from the experiments and analysis, an estimation method of ultimate strength of damaged ship on bottom is derived.
Barium enema after colorectal biopsies: experimental data (1982)

The appropriate interval between a colorectal biopsy and a barium enema is controversial. Superficial and deep biopsies, above and below the peritoneal reflection, were performed on 12 dogs. Six control dogs did not have a barium enema. Six study dogs had a barium enema at different postbiopsy time intervals: immediately, 3 days, and 6 days. After superficial biopsies, there was no barium extravasation in any study animal. Histological examination, 48 hr after enema, showed complete epithelialization of all superficial sites on both study and control dogs. When the barium enema was done after a deep biopsy, there was intramural extravasation of barium immediately after biopsy but not after 3 or 6 days. Focal ulcerations were seen microscopically at sites of deep biopsies when the barium enema was performed immediately and 3 days after the diagnostic procedure. All deep biopsy sites were reepithelialized in 6 days. There was no evidence of intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal perforation and no difference in healing of biopsy sites in subjects and control animals. This study in dogs suggests that a barium enema may be performed without hazard immediately after a superficial biopsy of nondiseased colon and 6 days after a deep biopsy.