gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 9‐Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl‐Protected Amino Aldehydes. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A sideways-looking radar for inter-vehicle communication: DEMO2000 (2002)

This paper describes the contribution for co-ordinate traveling of a group of vehicles on the highway with sharing the information of relative position data collected by the sideways-looking radar. Sharing all of the relevant driving information from the sideways-looking radar with other vehicles in the vicinity, an extensive range of detective measurement can be taken than that from a single vehicle that installs a sideways-looking radar. It also introduces experimental data on distance and velocity as a relative position measurement function resulting from the sideways-looking radar system.
Beneficial effects on the reproductive performance of sows of administering prostaglandin analogues after farrowing (2009)

Twenty-four to 36 hours after farrowing, 192 sows were treated with a single intramuscular injection (2 ml per animal) of a prostaglandin analogue; 102 were treated with cloprostenol racemate and 97 with dinoprost tromethamine, and 90 were left untreated. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the percentages of sows that came into oestrus by eight days after weaning or conceived by eight days after weaning. Significantly more piglets were born per litter (10.71 and 11.00 piglets in the cloprostenol and dinoprost groups, respectively) and born alive (10.22 and 10.41, respectively) than in the controls (9.24 piglets born per litter and 8.66 piglets born alive).
Phosphorylation‐Dependent Regulation of Apical Membrane Chloride Channels in Normal and Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelium<sup>a</sup> (1989)

The observations described herein allow us to make several inferences about PKC and regulation of normal and CF Cl- channels. FIGURE 5 shows a model that summarizes these observations. In this model, for the sake of clarity, we refer to the channel as a single entity, but note that it may consist of multiple subunits and associated proteins. FIGURE 5A shows the channel in an inactivated state following excision from the cell. The channel can be activated by strong membrane depolarization, via an unknown mechanism, or by phosphorylation with PKA or PKC at a low [Ca2+] We speculate that PKA and PKC may phosphorylate and activate the channel at the same site, or region of the channel, because phosphorylation-dependent activation by both is defective in CF. This result suggests that the CF defect might lie in a defective phosphorylation site on the channel, or associated protein, or in the mechanism that converts phosphorylation into a change in channel conformation, such as activation. Activated channels can be inactivated by PKC at a high [Ca2+]. At high [Ca2+], PKC maintains the channel in an inactivated state and it inactivates channels that have been activated by PKC at low [Ca2+], by depolarization, or by PKA. Both activation and inactivation appear to result from phosphorylation; neither can be explained by down-regulation of the channel. There are several possible ways to explain the two opposite effects of PKC on the Cl- channel: different responses may be due to an effect of Ca2+ on the channel, on PKC, or on the interaction between the two.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Resistance to Bacterial Pathogens in Plants (2007)

Abstract To successfully infect a plant, pathogens must overcome three layers of defense: (1) preformed physical barriers; (2) a cell‐surface‐based surveillance system that detects conserved pathogen molecules and (3) an intracellular surveillance system that detects effector proteins injected into host cells. Bacterial plant pathogens overcome the first layer either by invading through natural openings and wounds, and/or by secreting hydrolytic enzymes that break down surface layers. Bacteria typically overcome the second layer by injecting effectors that interfere with defense signaling. Bacteria overcome the third layer either by modifying or eliminating existing effectors, or by evolving new effectors that suppress defense activation.
Pressure field in the cathode-anode region of a high-power klystron amplifier (2004)

The pressure field in the region between the cathode and the anode of a high-power klystron amplifier is investigated in order to increase its life time. The study is conducted using a 1.3 GHz, 100 A and 240 kV high-power klystron with five reentrant coaxial cavities, assembled in a cylindrical drift tube 1.2 m long. This work takes into account the specific conductances and all important gas sources, as the degassing of the drift tube, the cavities walls, the cathode, the anode, and the collector.
Optimal aperture for maximum edge-of-coverage (EOC) directivity (1994)

This contribution is related to two previous articles in this column: one by James Howell (1991), and the other by Theo Cheston (1990). This article has to do with antenna applications such as geosynchronous-satellite antennas illuminating the Earth. For such applications, gain at the edge of the Earth (EOC) should be maximized, to overcome the greater atmospheric attenuation at the edge. This calls for choosing the antenna-aperture size to maximize directivity (gain) at the off-boresight-angle, which is half the EOC beamwidth.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cerebral blood flow in systemic lupus erythematosus with or without cerebral complications (1987)

We measured mean cerebral blood flow (CBF) in 25 lupus patients using the xenon-133 method. The CBF was normal in lupus patients without cerebral disease and also in CNS lupus patients in remission. The CBF was lower than normal during bouts of cerebral lupus (p less than 0.001). Repeat studies showed a stereotyped pattern consisting of depressed CBF during exacerbation of CNS disease and normalization of CBF during remission (p less than 0.01). These results show that CBF is a sensitive indicator of activity of CNS disease and that the direction of change in CBF reflects the clinical course of CNS lupus.
Two-step polar cycloaddition of sulfonyl isocyanates to carbodiimides (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTwo-step polar cycloaddition of sulfonyl isocyanates to carbodiimidesHenri Ulrich, Benjamin Tucker, and Adnan A. R. SayighCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 2, 528–529Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01004a079https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01004a079research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thresholdless quantum dot nanolaser (2017)

Thresholdless lasing is an outstanding challenge in laser science and is achievable only in devices having near unity quantum efficiency even when not lasing. Such lasers are expected to exhibit featureless linear light output curves. However, such thresholdless behavior hinders identification of the laser transition, triggering a long-lasting argument on how to identify the lasing. Here, we demonstrate thresholdless lasing in a semiconductor quantum dot nanolaser with a photonic crystal nanocavity. We employ cavity resonant excitation for enabling the thresholdless operation via focused carrier injection into high cavity field regions. Under conventional (above bandgap) excitation, the same nanolaser exhibits a typical thresholded lasing transition, thereby facilitating a systematic comparison between the thresholdless and thresholded laser transitions in the single device. Our approach enables a clear verification of the thresholdless lasing and reveals core elements for its realization using quantum dots, paving the way to the development of ultimately energy-efficient nanolasers.
Complex Regulation of the TRPM8 Cold Receptor Channel (2011)

Cold/menthol-activated TRPM8 (transient receptor potential channel melastatin member 8) is primarily expressed in sensory neurons, where it constitutes the principal receptor of environmental innocuous cold. TRPM8 has been shown to be regulated by multiple influences such as phosphorylation, pH, Ca(2+), and lipid messengers. One such messenger is arachidonic acid (AA), which has been shown to inhibit TRPM8 channel activity. However, the physiological pathways mediating the inhibitory effect of AA on TRPM8 still remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that TRPM8 is regulated via M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-coupled signaling cascade based on the activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and cPLA2-catalyzed derivation of AA. Stimulation of M3 receptors heterologously co-expressed with TRPM8 in HEK-293 cells by nonselective muscarinic agonist, oxotremorine methiodide (Oxo-M), caused inhibition of TRPM8-mediated membrane current, which could be mimicked by AA and antagonized by pharmacological or siRNA-mediated cPLA2 silencing. Our results demonstrate the intracellular functional link between M3 receptor and TRPM8 channel via cPLA2/AA and suggest a novel physiological mechanism of arachidonate-mediated regulation of TRPM8 channel activity through muscarinic receptors. We also summarize the existing TRPM8 regulations and discuss their physiological and pathological significance.
An alternative bus clamp for resonant DC link converters (2003)

An alternative circuit configuration for clamping the link voltage in a resonant DC link power converter is presented. The alternative circuit is a lossless clamp which allows for totally autonomous control of the clamp voltage and resonant link under all operating conditions. The clamp is composed of two capacitors, three controllable switches, and three diodes. The clamp does not require the use of external bias supplies for startup or no-load operation. Control of the input and/or output waveforms for a power converter employing this circuit remains virtually identical to that for the resonant DC link inverter (RD-CLI). An analysis of clamp operation is performed, detailing its modes of operation. From this analysis, insight is gained into the appropriate selection of clamp capacitors. Simulations and experimental results are presented to corroborate the analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An RNA Polymerase Mutation Causing Temperature-Sensitive Sporulation in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1973)

A single-site mutant of Bacillus subtilis with a rifampin-resistant RNA polymerase has been isolated; this mutation causes temperature-sensitive sporulation. The temperature-sensitive mutation was only expressed during a limited time period, covering the middle third of the sporulation sequence. Mutant cells grown at the nonpermissive temperature exhibited the normal change in RNA polymerase template specificity, accumulated extracellular proteolytic activity and antibiotic activity, but failed to accumulate alkaline phosphatase and, hence, were blocked at or near stage III in the sporulation sequence. Pulse-labeled RNA synthesis was seriously deranged during postexponential growth phase in mutant cells incubated at the nonpermissive temperature.
3D‐Printed Conical Arrays of TiO<sub>2</sub> Electrodes for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting (2017)

Abstract Control over the topography of semiconducting materials can lead to enhanced performances in photoelectrochemical related applications. One means of implementing this is through direct patterning of metal‐based substrates, though this is inadequately developed. Conventional techniques for patterned fabrication commonly involve technologically demanding and tedious processes. 3D printing, a form of additive fabrication, enables creation of a 3D object by deposition of successive layers of material via computer control. In this work, the feasibility of fabricating metal‐based 3D printed photoelectrodes is explored. Electrodes comprised of conical arrays are fabricated and the performance for photoelectrochemical water splitting is further enhanced by the direct growth of TiO2 nanotubes on this platform. 3D metal printing provides a flexible and versatile approach for the design and fabrication of novel electrode structures.
The lipid membrane as a selective chemical transducer (1985)

The bilayer lipid membrane is described as a selective electrochemically based transducer for organic species and inorganic ions. The possible mechanisms which can be employed for signal generation are summarized. Operation hinges on a selective interaction between analyte in aqueous solution and membrane embedded receptors. Complexation of these latter species results in physical perturbation of the membrane structure and/or electrostatic fields, leading to the evolution of an analytical signal based on ion current modulation through the membrane.
GROWTH FACTORS FROM MOLECULE TO CLINICAL MANAGEMENT (2002)

Growth factors hold great promise for the treatment of various musculoskeletal conditions. Growth factors are small proteins that serve as signaling agents for cells. The discovery of these substances revolutionized the field of cell biology by revealing the mechanism of regulation of cell activities. Growth factors are present in plasma or tissues at concentrations measured in billionths of a gram yet they are the principal effector of such critical cellular functions such as cell division, matrix synthesis and tissue differentiation. Several growth promoting substances have been identified in bone matrix and at the site of healing fractures. Among these are the transforming growth factor beta’s, bone morphogenetic proteins, fibroblast growth factors, insulin like growth factors and platelet derived growth factor. These growth factors are mainly produced by osteoblasts and incorporated into the extracellular matrix during bone formation. Small amounts of the growth factors can also be trapped systemically from serum and be incorporated into matrix. The present hypothesis is that growth factors are located within the matrix until remodeling or trauma causes solubilization and release of the proteins. The discovery of growth factors and their study in in vitro cultures has allowed an understanding of the mechanism of the regulation of a broad range of cell activities. However, their presence in plasma and tissues in minute quantities limited their evaluation in vivo and precluded clinical application of the natural purified products. Advances in recombinant DNA methodology have allowed sufficient quantities of these materials to be produced and many are in various stage of in vivo pre-clinical and clinical evaluation. Extensive efforts have been made to find methods by which growth factors can be used to stimulate local bone healing and bone formation in a variety of clinical models. The growth factors TGF-α, BMP and basic FGF are the only growth factors that have been demonstrated to possess substantial in vivo bone stimulatory capacity. The growth factors BMP-2 and BMP-7, also known as osteogenic protein-1, are in the final stages of pivotal human trials. There are many challenges to the clinical application of growth factors. It is unlikely that cell signaling molecules act independently of each other or are present in isolation from each other at their sites of action. The therapeutic application of growth factors must also accommodate the fact that most factors have a widespread and varied distribution of target cells. A growth factor administered to elicit a desired response from one cell type may also influence other cell types possible in unintended or undesirable ways. Finally, in the current era of cost consciousness in health care, a growth factor treatment must demonstrate cost effectiveness along with clinical efficacy.
Differential Features of Colorectal Cancers Fulfilling Amsterdam Criteria without Involvement of the Mutator Pathway (2005)

We define an important group of HNPCC families with specific features, no evidence of mismatch repair deficiency, and an autosomal dominant trait with a lesser penetrance than HNPCC with deficiency.
LBO-1.6 Efficacy of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine to prevent anal intraepithelial neoplasia among young men who have sex with men (2011)

Introduction Most anal cancers are associated with HPV, particularly HPV 16. The incidence of anal cancer is increased among men who have sex with men (MSM) compared with the general population. Screening and treatment of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), the anal cancer precursor, are not yet standard of care, and prevention efforts are needed to reduce the incidence of anal cancer. We tested the quadrivalent HPV vaccine to determine its ability to reduce the incidence of AIN/anal cancer. Methods 598 MSM aged 16–26 years with five or fewer lifetime sex partners were randomised to receive vaccine or placebo at enrolment, month 2 and month 6. Subjects underwent detailed anogenital exams and HPV sampling from the penis, scrotum, perineal/perianal and anal canal at enrolment, month 7 and at 6-month intervals afterwards. Efficacy analyses were performed in a per-protocol (PPE) population (sero-negative and DNA-negative from day 1 through month 7 to the relevant vaccine HPV type) and in all enrolees in an intent-to treat (ITT) analysis. Median follow-up of the PPE population was 2.5 years (post-dose 3). Results Vaccine efficacy against HPV 6/11/16/18-related AIN and anal cancer in the PPE population was 77.5% (95% CI 39.6 to 93.3) (5 vaccine cases vs 24 placebo cases). Efficacy against high-grade AIN (AIN 2+) was 74.9% (95% CI 8.8 to 95.4). In the ITT population the efficacy was 50.3% (95% CI 25.7 to 67.2) and 54.2% (95% CI 18.0 to 75.3), respectively. No anal cancer was seen in either treatment group. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the quadrivalent HPV vaccine is efficacious in preventing AIN related to HPV 6/11/16/18 in MSM subjects naïve to vaccine HPV types at enrolment, as well as in an ITT population. The quadrivalent HPV vaccine may be a useful measure to reduce the incidence of anal disease in at-risk populations.
Maximum relaxation times in polytetrafluoroethylene (1963)

Molecular weights of polytetrafluoroethylene are presently measured by a density method. We have found that polytetrafluoroethylene exhibits a sharply defined maximum relaxation time, τm, above its melting point. There is a clear correlation between τm at 380°C. and the “molecular weight” Mn of the polymer based on the measurement of density. However, log τm vs. log Mn gives a slope of 0.78 as against a value of 3.4 obtained for other polymers. Either polytetrafluoroethylene has flow behavior very different from other polymers or the molecular weight of the polymer based on the measurement of density is only approximate.
<title>Optical monitoring of organic liquid layers floating on aqueous solution</title> (1994)

An optical sensor has been developed that can conveniently measure the depth of organic liquid layers floating on aqueous solution. Layer depth can be measured with an accuracy of +/- 0.14 mm. The dynamic range of the sensor is 0.3 mm to 20 mm. The method is robust and is designed for use in an industrial environment.
Design of a New Fluorescent Cofactor for DNA Methyltransferases and Sequence-Specific Labeling of DNA (2003)

Sequence-specific labeling of DNA is of immense interest for analytical and functional studies of DNA. We present a novel approach for sequence-specific labeling of DNA using a newly designed fluorescent cofactor for the DNA methyltransferase from Thermus aquaticus (M.TaqI). Naturally, M.TaqI catalyzes the nucleophilic attack of the exocyclic amino group of adenine within the double-stranded 5'-TCGA-3' DNA sequence onto the methyl group of the cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) leading to methyl group transfer. The design of a new fluorescent cofactor for covalent labeling of DNA was based on three criteria: (1) Replacement of the methionine side chain of the natural cofactor AdoMet by an aziridinyl residue leads to M.TaqI-catalyzed nucleophilic ring opening and coupling of the whole nucleoside to DNA. (2) The adenosyl moiety is the molecular anchor for cofactor binding. (3) Attachment of a fluorophore via a flexible linker to the 8-position of the adenosyl moiety does not block cofactor binding. According to these criteria the new fluorescent cofactor 8-amino[1''-(N''-dansyl)-4''-aminobutyl]-5'-(1-aziridinyl)-5'-deoxyadenosine (3) was synthesized. 3 binds about 4-fold better than the natural cofactor AdoMet to M.TaqI and is coupled with a short duplex oligodeoxynucleotide by M.TaqI. The identity of the expected modified nucleoside was verified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry after enzymatic fragmentation of the product duplex. In addition, the new cofactor 3 was used to sequence-specifically label plasmid DNA in a M.TaqI-catalyzed reaction.
Dynamic query scheduling in data integration systems (2002)

Execution plans produced by traditional query optimizers for data integration queries may yield poor performance for several reasons. The cost estimates may be inaccurate, the memory available at run-time may be insufficient, or data delivery rate can be unpredictable. We address the problem of unpredictable data arrival rate. We propose to dynamically schedule queries in order to deal with irregular data delivery rate and gracefully adapt to the available memory. Our approach performs careful step-by-step scheduling of several query fragments and processes these fragments based on data arrivals. We describe a performance evaluation that shows important performance gains in several configurations.
Parity Assisted Decision Making for QAM Modulation (2006)

A simple technique which involves the transmission of a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbol and two parity bits in separate channels to improve the performance of communication systems is devised. When a symbol is received, a decision is made not solely by its Euclidean distances to the constellation points. Rather, the two parity bits are used to assist in making the decision. Unlike standard error correcting codes (ECC), the proposed method operates on the received symbols at the detector level and before the ECC. The parity bits and the information symbols can be sent in different channels (frequency division) or at different times on the same channel (time division). The available energy for transmission can be distributed unevenly among the information bits and the parity bits to improve the performance. Simulation results show large gains in required signal to noise ratios over uncoded system to achieve the same performance. The scheme is simple and is well suited for systems with low computational power.