gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
L'hormone thyroïdienne et ses récepteurs : la génétique de la souris clarifie-t-elle la situation ? (2008)

In vertebrates, the active form of thyroid hormone (T3) acts directly on transcription by changing the conformation of the TR nuclear receptors (TR alpha 1, TR beta 1 et TR beta 2) which are encoded by the THRA and THRB genes. These receptors are bound to DNA at specific response elements in a ligand independent manner. Mouse genetics have clarified the respective function of each receptor isoform, mainly reflecting THRA and THRB expression patterns. It also revealed the importance of negative regulation by unliganded receptors not only in pathological but also in physiological situations.
Genetic Polymorphism of C′3(β <sub>1C</sub> -Globulin) in Human Serum (1968)

Genetic polymorphism of the third component of human complement and its breakdown products has been detected in human serum by high-voltage starch-gel electrophoresis. Six phenotypes were observed in a study of 113 randomly chosen Caucasians. Their inheritance is controlled by four codominant alleles at an autosomal locus. The gene frequencies in this study were C3(1), 0.21; C3(2), 0.77; C3(3), approximately 0.01; and C3(4), approximately 0.004.
Protéines animales/végétales présent - futur (2017)

Protéines animales/végétales présent - futur. Université d'été de Nutrition 2017
Impact of Copper Ions on Chemistry and Biology of Prion Protein (2007)

The current state of art in the studies on Cu 2+ ions interactions with mammalian and chicken prion protein (PrP) is discussed. The specificity of Cu 2+ binding by tandem repeat domains ofPrPs is actually well supported although the major contradictions still exist as far as the fifth binding site is concerned. The biological relevance of Cu 2+ coordination to octarepeat region of mammalian PrP seems to be generally accepted although the binding of the fifth metal ion may be just a chemical property of PrP.
Use of Meta-Analysis for the Validation of Surrogate Endpoints and Biomarkers in Cancer Trials (2009)

This article discusses statistical approaches to the validation of surrogate biomarkers and endpoints. One approach that has been successfully used in oncology consists of estimating associations at two levels: the association between the surrogate and the clinical endpoint, called the individual-level association, and the association between the effects of treatment on the surrogate and the clinical endpoint, called the trial-level association. This approach requires data to be available from multiple randomized trials, such as in a meta-analysis of trials based on individual patient data. The approach is illustrated using randomized trials of first-line treatments for advanced tumors of the colon, breast, ovary, and prostate. Data from several meta-analyses suggest that progression-free survival is an acceptable surrogate in advanced colorectal and ovarian cancer, but not in breast and prostate cancer.
Occlusive Dressings and Wound Infection (1987)

Journal Article Occlusive Dressings and Wound Infection Get access Åsa Ljungh, Åsa Ljungh City Council Central Microbiological Laboratory, Stockholm; and the Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Biomedicum, Uppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Torkel Wadström Torkel Wadström City Council Central Microbiological Laboratory, Stockholm; and the Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Biomedicum, Uppsala, Sweden Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Torkel Wadström, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Lund, Sölvegatan 23, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 155, Issue 4, April 1987, Pages 831–832, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/155.4.831 Published: 01 April 1987
Longitudinal Studies of Variation Sets in Child-directed Speech (2016)

One of the characteristics of child-directed speech is its high degree of repetitiousness. Sequences of repetitious utterances with a constant intention, variation sets, have been shown to be correlated with children's language acquisition. To obtain a baseline for the occurrences of variation sets in Swedish, we annotate 18 parentchild dyads using a generalised definition according to which the varying form may pertain not just to the wording but also to prosody and/or non-verbal cues. To facilitate further empirical investigation, we introduce a surface algorithm for automatic extraction of variation sets which is easily replicable and language-independent. We evaluate the algorithm on the Swedish gold standard, and use it for extracting variation sets in Croatian, English and Russian. We show that the proportion of variation sets in child-directed speech decreases consistently as a function of children's age across Swedish, Croatian, English and Russian.
Chemical Modification of Lactose. III. Syntheses of 4'-Acetamido-4'-deoxy-α-lactose and 6'-Acetamido-6'-deoxy-α-cellobiose (1973)

Syntheses of 4'-acetamido-4'-deoxy-α-lactose (12) and 6'-acetamido-6'-deoxy-α-cellobiose (19) are described starting from 1, 6-anhydro-β-cellobiose (1) with seven steps. The sequence of the reaction is as follows. Selective tritylation and successive acetylation of 1 afford 1, 6-anhydro-2, 3, 2', 3', 4'-penta-O-acetyl-6'-O-trityl-β-cellobiose (2), mp 191-192°, [α]23D -11°, in 45% yield. Detritylation of 2 with hydrogen bromide in acetic acid gives two products, crystalline 1, 6-anhydro-2, 3, 2', 3', 6'-penta-O-acetyl-cellobiose (3) and sirupy 1, 6-anhydro-2, 3, 2', 3', 4'-penta-O-acetyl-β-cellobiose (4), in a yield of approximately the equal amount. Sulfonylation of 3, substitution of the sulfonate with sodium azide, reduction of the azido-group, acetolysis of the 1, 6-anhydro ring, and deacetylation afford 12. In the same manner, 19 is obtained from 4.
The PMDB Protein Model Database (2005)

The Protein Model Database (PMDB) is a public resource aimed at storing manually built 3D models of proteins. The database is designed to provide access to models published in the scientific literature, together with validating experimental data. It is a relational database and it currently contains >74,000 models for approximately 240 proteins. The system is accessible at http://www.caspur.it/PMDB and allows predictors to submit models along with related supporting evidence and users to download them through a simple and intuitive interface. Users can navigate in the database and retrieve models referring to the same target protein or to different regions of the same protein. Each model is assigned a unique identifier that allows interested users to directly access the data.
DNA purification by triple‐helix affinity precipitation (2002)

Recent advances in DNA-based medicine (gene therapy, genetic vaccination) have intensified the necessity for pharmaceutical-grade plasmid DNA purification at comparatively large scales. In this contribution triple-helix affinity precipitation is introduced for this purpose. A short, single-stranded oligonucleotide sequence (namely (CTT)(7)), which is capable of recognizing a complementary sequence in the double-stranded target (plasmid) DNA, is linked to a thermoresponsive N-isopropylacrylamide oligomer to form a so-called affinity macroligand (AML). At 4 degrees C, i.e., below its critical solution temperature, the AML binds specifically to the target molecule in solution; by raising the temperature to 40 degrees C, i.e., beyond the critical solution temperature of the AML, the complex can be precipitated quantitatively. After redissolution of the complex at lower temperature, the target DNA can be released by a pH shift to slightly alkaline conditions (pH 9.0). Yields of highly pure (plasmid) DNA were routinely between 70% and 90%. Non-specific co- precipitation of either the target molecule by the non-activated AML precursor or of contaminants by the AML were below 7% and presumably due to physical entrapment of these molecules in the wet precipitate. Ligand efficiencies were at least 1 order of magnitude higher than in triple-helix affinity chromatography.
L/sup ∞/-coding of images: a confidence interval criterion (2002)

A new image coding technique using statistical properties of quantization errors and L/sup /spl infin//-norm criterion is investigated. The original image is preprocessed, quantized, encoded and reconstructed within a given confidence interval. We focus on iterated filter banks as a preprocessing technique, and provide a comparison with linear prediction in the case of very good quality (almost lossless) image coding.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SYNTHESIS OF 6-METHYLCHOLESTA-3.5-DIENE; SOLVOLYSIS OF 6-METHYLCHOLESTERYL IODIDE (1966)

not available
Immunoprotective Activity of CpG Oligonucleotides (2002)

Pathogens are a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the success of vaccines, antibiotics, and antiviral agents, the need persists to develop more effective means of combating pathogenic microorganisms. Boosting the activity of the innate immune system provides one method of protecting the host against a variety of infectious agents. The innate immune system is called upon physiologically to limit the early spread of pathogens in vivo (1,2). Host recognition of conserved determinants expressed by a diverse range of microorganisms, but absent from the host (such as lipopoly-saccharide (LPS), mannans or teichoic acid), stimulate the innate immune system to release immunoprotective cytokines, chemokines, and polyreactive antibodies (1–6). Without an adequate innate response, infections can become overwhelming and kill the host before antigen-specific immunity develops.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of 5(R)‐ and 5(S)‐Polyandrane. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Discovery of an inward rectifying potassium channel inhibitor with preference for Kir2.3 and Kir3 (2011)

Inward rectifying potassium (Kir) channels play key physiological roles in diverse cell types and may represent novel drug targets for disease. In cardiac myocytes, Kir channels contribute to the resting membrane potential and the late repolarization phase of the action potential. Homomeric Kir2.3 and heteromeric Kir3.1/3.4 channels are expressed almost exclusively in the atria and are postulated drug targets for atrial fibrillation, a common arrhythmia that predisposes patients to stroke. Efforts to assess the utility of Kir2.3 and Kir3.1/3.4 channels as therapeutic targets have been hampered by the lack of drug-like compounds targeting these channels. We therefore performed a fluorescence-based high-throughput screen for small-molecule inhibitors of Kir3.X channel function. Several novel inhibitors were discovered. One compound, termed VU573, inhibits Kir3.X channels with a half-maximal inhibition concentration of 1.6 μM. Subsequent electrophysiology-based counterscreens revealed that VU573 inhibits Kir2.3 with equal potency, but is less active toward Kir1.1, Kir2.1, Kir4.1 and Kir7.1. We are currently using medicinal chemistry to improve the potency and selectivity of VU573 for Kir2.3 and Kir3.X and understand the structural requirements for inhibition of these channels.
The effects of aging on the bone inductive activity of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2. (1996)

We examined the effects of gain on the ectopic bone-forming ability of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) in rats and investigated the mechanism by which aging might affect this type of bone. Bone formation induced after 12 days of sc implantation of 5 micrograms rhBMP-2 was reduced as animals aged from 1-16 months. The osteocalcin messenger RNA levels of implants also declined in aging animals. When the implant period was doubled, 16-month-old rats formed amounts of bone equivalent to those in 3-month-old rats. Increasing the dose of rhBMP-2 increased bone formation in older rats. To get a response comparable to that seen in 1-month-old rats given 5 micrograms rhBMP-2 for 12 days, 3-month-old rats required 30 micrograms rhBMP-2, whereas 16-month-old rats required 60 micrograms. Treatment with either GH or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 during the 12-day implantation period returned the bone formation in 16-month-olds rats to that in 3-month-old rats. These studies show that aging blunts rhBMP-2 inducted bone formation in rats. We speculate that the decreased response may be due in part to a decrease in the number of mesenchymal stem cells present in order rats or to a change in the responsiveness of these target cells to rhBMP-2.
THE MECHANISM OF THE REACTION OF GRIGNARD REAGENTS WITH SCHIFF BASES (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE MECHANISM OF THE REACTION OF GRIGNARD REAGENTS WITH SCHIFF BASESRaymond E. Dessy and Rudolf M. SalingerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 16, 3530–3531Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01477a041RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (234 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Polyfluoro‐2,3‐epoxyalkanes in Reactions with Thiourea and Thiosemicarbazide. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of crystalline/amorphous interfaces on thermal transport across confined thin films and superlattices (2016)

We report on the thermal boundary resistances across crystalline and amorphous confined thin films and the thermal conductivities of amorphous/crystalline superlattices for Si/Ge systems as determined via non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. Thermal resistances across disordered Si or Ge thin films increase with increasing length of the interfacial thin films and in general demonstrate higher thermal boundary resistances in comparison to ordered films. However, for films ≲3 nm, the resistances are highly dependent on the spectral overlap of the density of states between the film and leads. Furthermore, the resistances at a single amorphous/crystalline interface in these structures are much lower than those at interfaces between the corresponding crystalline materials, suggesting that diffusive scattering at an interface could result in higher energy transmissions in these systems. We use these findings, together with the fact that high mass ratios between amorphous and crystalline materials can lead to higher thermal resistances across thin films, to design amorphous/crystalline superlattices with very low thermal conductivities. In this regard, we study the thermal conductivities of amorphous/crystalline superlattices and show that the thermal conductivities decrease monotonically with increasing interface densities above 0.1 nm−1. These thermal conductivities are lower than that of the homogeneous amorphous counterparts, which alludes to the fact that interfaces non-negligibly contribute to thermal resistance in these superlattices. Our results suggest that the thermal conductivity of superlattices can be reduced below the amorphous limit of its material constituent even when one of the materials remains crystalline.
A pooled analysis of multicenter cohort studies of post-surgery circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in early stage colorectal cancer (CRC). (2019)

3518 Background: Studies in multiple tumor types have demonstrated the prognostic impact of ctDNA analysis after curative intent surgery. Emerging data suggest that conversion of ctDNA from detectable to undetectable after adjuvant chemotherapy may reflect treatment efficacy. Further review of existing study data could increase the precision of ctDNA guided adjuvant therapy decision making. Methods: We combined individual patient (pt) data from three independent prospective cohort studies that enrolled 485 pts with stage II or III CRC. Clinicians were blinded to ctDNA results. We evaluated pt outcomes over a 5-year follow-up period (median, 47.2 months). Plasma samples were collected 4 to 10 weeks after surgery. Mutations in ctDNA were assayed using Safe-SeqS. Results: ctDNA was detected after surgery in 59 (12%) pts overall (11.0%, 12.5% and 13.8% respectively for samples taken at 4-6, 6-8 and 8-10 weeks; P = 0.740). ctDNA detection was associated with nodal status; 8.7%, 16.7% and 32.4% in N0, N1 and N2 disease (P < 0.001), but remained an independent adverse prognostic factor in multivariable analysis. ctDNA detection was associated with poor overall survival for pts treated (mortality ratio, 3.0; P = 0.026) or not treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (mortality ratio, 5.17; P < 0.001). The median MAF (mutant allele frequency) in pts with detectable ctDNA was 0.046%. For pts not treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, 3 year recurrence free survival (RFS) was 9% in pts with a MAF > 0.046% vs 33% with a MAF ≤ 0.046% (HR, 2.7; P = 0.032). For chemotherapy treated pts, 3 year RFS was 25% in pts with a MAF > 0.046% vs 70% with a MAF ≤ 0.046 (HR, 3.1; P = 0.025). In 90 pts with recurrence, ctDNA had been detected post surgery in 3 of 20 (15%) with locoregional recurrence, 27 of 60 (45%) with distant recurrence and 5 of 10 (50%) with both (P = 0.044). Conclusions: Where samples for ctDNA analysis were collected 4 to 10 weeks post surgery, sampling timing may not significantly impact detection rates. The prognostic significance of ctDNA detection can be further stratified by MAF level, but MAF level may not impact adjuvant treatment benefit. ctDNA analysis is most sensitive for detecting minimal residual disease at distant sites.
A dual-band frequency synthesizer for 802.11a/b/g with fractional-spur averaging technique (2005)

A 0.25 /spl mu/m BiCMOS spur-compensated fractional-N PLL is implemented in an IEEE 802.11a/b/g zero-IF transceiver. The synthesizer covers the 2.4 to 2.5GHz and the 5.1 to 5.9GHz bands with 0.5MHz and 5MHz resolution, respectively. The phase noise integrated from 10kHz to 10MHz is lower than 1.25/spl deg/ rms for any synthesized carrier. The power consumption is 39/59mW mode from 2.5V supply.
Progestin 16.alpha.,17.alpha.-dioxolane ketals as molecular probes for the progesterone receptor: synthesis, binding affinity, and photochemical evaluation (1993)

Chemical probes for steroid receptors have proven useful in providing molecular details about important hormone-receptor interactions. A series of progestin 16 alpha, 17 alpha-dioxolane ketals of acetophenone or substituted acetophenones that bind to the progesterone receptor (PgR) with comparable or higher affinities than the natural ligand, progesterone, have been prepared and evaluated as potential in vitro and in vivo probes for the progesterone receptor. p-Azidoacetophenone ketal 6, the tetrafluoro analog 8, and the p-(benzoyl)acetophenone ketal 9 demonstrate the required combination of high relative binding affinity (RBA) (6 = 15%, 8 = 14%, 9 = 6.6%, progesterone = 13%, R5020 = 100%) and photoinactivation efficiency (6 = 80%, 8 = 77%, 9 = 29% at 30 min) required for potential photoaffinity labeling reagents for the PgR. The synthesis of azide 6 has been modified to accommodate a palladium-catalyzed tritium gas hydrogenolysis of an iodoaryl precursor in the final stage of the synthetic sequence; this procedure has been verified by hydrogenation. In addition, the progestin p-fluoroacetophenone ketal 10 was selected for preparation in fluorine-18-labeled form, on the basis of its high affinity for the PgR (RBA = 53%). Fluorine-18-labeled progestins may be evaluated as potential diagnostic imaging agents for PgR-positive breast tumors. The radiochemical syntheses and further biochemical results with the fluorine-18-labeled ketal 10 and the tritium-labeled aryl azide 6 will be presented in an accompanying paper and elsewhere.
Age effects upon the harmonic structure of human blood pressure in clinical health (2003)

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring of 180 clinically healthy adults of both genders is used to investigate and compare ultradian aspects of systolic and diastolic blood pressure as a function of age. Three age categories are considered: 20-40, 40-60, and over 60 years of age. results from least-squares spectra of each data series are further examined by analysis of variance. Gender and age effects are found to characterize the waveform of human blood pressure. These effects can be quantified by spectral analysis and may represent gauges of aging.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Exploring last n value prediction (1999)

Most load value predictors retain a large number of previously loaded values for making future predictions. In this paper we evaluate the trade-off between tall and slim versus short and wide predictors of the same total size, i.e., between retaining a few values for a large number of load instructions and many values for a proportionately, smaller number of loads. But results show, for example, that even modest predictors holding sixteen kilobytes of values benefit from retaining four values per load instruction when running SPECint95. A detailed comparison of eight load value predictors on a cycle-accurate simulator of a superscalar out-of-order microprocessor shows that our implementation of a last four value predictor outperforms other predictors from the literature, often significantly. With 21 kB of state, it yields a harmonic mean speedup of 12.5% with existing re-fetch misprediction recovery hardware and 13.7% with a not yet realized re-execution recovery mechanism.
UV-induced stress field during Bragg grating inscription in optical fibres (2001)

The present work deals with computation of the stress field caused by UV-induced densification in optical fibre cores during Bragg grating elaboration. The stress field is calculated using the finite element method and leads to a contribution to the refractive index modulation being perpendicular to the direction of propagation. The birefringence associated with the stress field is evaluated. Another important result is the growth of a shear stress component developed during Bragg grating writing. This can contribute to the fragilization of fibres. We suggest that these shear stresses are involved in the triggering of a refractive index contribution opposite to the one of the densification which is a negative one associated with the so-called type IIA Bragg grating.