gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Broadband Multi-hop Network for Earth-Mars Communication using Multi-purpose Interplanetary Relay Satellites and Linear-Circular Commutating Chain Topology (2011)

Bandwidth utilization in the Mars exploration environment has been projected to increase past 1 Gbps duplex within the next decade. At present, all communication is routed through the Deep Space Network and is subject to the variable orbital geometry of Earth, Mars and the Sun. Data Communication speeds, between Earth and Mars, are neither satisfactory nor can they be utilized on a 24x7 basis, due in part to the lack of a space based telecommunication backbone. A holistic assessment of the merits of multi-hop communication in deep space was undertaken during 2009-2010, and a potentially robust new solution, employing a novel Linear-Circular Commutating Chain (LC3) architecture, developed for persistent, broadband connectivity between Earth and Mars. New classes of spacecraft suitable for use as Multi-purpose Interplanetary Relay (MIR) satellites in heliocentric orbit are outlined. Preliminary communication link budget and orbital analysis of a two-constellation MIR satellite network is presented, consisting of a linear chain of satellites (࢔૚ group, 36 nodes) following Mars, and a circular chain of satellites located inside of Earth’s orbit (࢔ ૛ group, 292 nodes). Potential orbital tracks are presented for network (365 nodes, including spares) supporting 1 Gbps end-to-end transmission with intermediate switching/trunking facilities, that should be able to be constructed by 2020 and serviced in deep space, using readily available technology practices. The proposed network avoids occultation problems caused by Earth-Sun-Mars geometry, provides redundant capability, and if desired, can be extended with very high capacity Optical links in place of, or in addition to, the RF links. A preliminary space mission concept summary is also included.
Effects of 17β-estradiol on myometrial gap junctions and pregnancy in the rat (1986)

The effects of estradiol treatment on the development of myometrial gap junctions and premature labour were investigated using timed pregnant rats. In control animals myometrial gap junctions were infrequent between days 17 and 20 of pregnancy, but began to develop on day 21 and were at maximum frequency, size, and membrane area on day 22 during delivery. Gap junctions were completely absent from the myometrium 48 h after delivery. Animals treated with 500 micrograms 17 beta-estradiol/day starting on day 16 of pregnancy developed numerous myometrial gap junctions and delivered their pups prematurely on day 19. Similarly, treatment with 50 micrograms estradiol/day resulted in the development of myometrial gap junctions on day 20 of pregnancy and premature labour. However, treatment with various doses of estradiol up to and including 500 micrograms/day for 3 days beginning 1 day before delivery was not able to maintain the presence of myometrial gap junctions during the postpartum period. These results support the hypothesis that estradiol stimulates the development of myometrial gap junctions and that the presence of gap junctions in the myometrium is a requirement for the occurrence of term, as well as preterm labour. Furthermore, it is evident from this study that the postpartum regression of myometrial gap junctions is not dependent on the decrease in estradiol.
Commentary Capnography during cardiac resuscitation: a clue on mechanisms and a guide to interventions (2003)

Measurement of the end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (P ET CO 2 ) during cardiac arrest has been shown to reflect the blood flow being generated by external means and to prognosticate outcome. In the present issue of Critical Care, Grmec and colleagues compared the initial and subsequent PETCO2 in patients who had cardiac arrest precipitated by either asphyxia or ventricular arrhythmia. A much higher P ET CO 2 was found immediately after intubation in instances of asphyxial arrest. Yet, after 1 min of closed-chest resuscitation, both groups had essentially the same PETCO2, with higher levels in patients who eventually regained spontaneous circulation. The Grmec and colleagues’ study serves to remind us that capnography can be used during cardiac resuscitation to assess the mechanism of arrest and to help optimize the forward blood flow generated by external means.
Further Studies on Total Synthesis of Sarain A. Efforts Toward Annulation of the Macrocyclic Rings (1998)

Studies have been conducted on testing strategies for annulation of the two macrocyclic rings onto the central tricyclic nucleus of sarain A (1). In particular, methodology has been developed for introduction into the core of C-3‘ and C-3 substituents, which are necessary for construction of the “eastern” and “western” macrocyclic rings of 1, respectively. Formation of the western ring has been successfully addressed via a ring-closing olefin metathesis strategy utilizing the Grubbs ruthenium catalyst. With this macrocyclization approach, a key intermediate lactam has been prepared which will be utilized in a total synthesis of the natural product.
3-D numerical modeling of methane hydrate deposits (2011)

Within the German gas hydrate initiative SUGAR, we have developed a new tool for predicting the formation of sub-seafloor gas hydrate deposits. For this purpose, a new 2D/3D module simulating the biogenic generation of methane from organic material and the formation of gas hydrates has been added to the petroleum systems modeling software package PetroMod®.\nT ypically, PetroMod® simulates the thermogenic generation of multiple hydrocarbon components including oil and gas, their migration through geological strata, and finally predicts the oil and gas accumulation in suitable reservoir formations. We have extended PetroMod® to simulate gas\nhydrate accumulations in marine and permafrost environments by the implementation of algorithms describing (1) the physical, thermodynamic, and kinetic properties of gas hydrates; and (2) a kinetic continuum model for the microbially mediated, low temperature degradation of particulate organic carbon in sediments. Additionally, the temporal and spatial resolutions of PetroMod® were increased in order to simulate processes on time scales of hundreds of years and within decimeters of spatial extension.\nAs a first test case for validating and improving the abilities of the new hydrate module, the petroleum systems model of the Alaska North Slope developed by IES (currently Shlumberger) and the USGS has been chosen. In this area, gas hydrates have been drilled in several wells, and a\nfield test for hydrate production is planned for 2011/2012. The results of the simulation runs in PetroMod® predicting the thickness of the gas hydrate stability field, the generation and migration of biogenic and thermogenic methane gas, and its accumulation as gas hydrates will be shown during the conference. The predicted distribution of gas hydrates will be discussed in comparison to recent gas hydrate findings in the Alaska North Slope region.
Experimental Investigation of the Unsteady Flow Field Downstream of a Counter-Rotating Two-Spool Turbine Rig (2012)

The paper presents an experimental investigation of the unsteady flow field in the two-spool counter-rotating transonic turbine at Graz University of Technology. The test setup consists of a high pressure (HP) stage, a diffusing mid turbine frame with turning struts (TMTF) and a shrouded low pressure (LP) rotor. The two rotors are mounted on mechanically independent shafts in order to provide engine-representative operating conditions. The rig was designed in cooperation with MTU Aero Engines and Volvo Aero within the EU project DREAM (ValiDation of Radical Engine Architecture SysteMs). A two-sensor fast response aerodynamic pressure probe (2S-FRAP) has been employed to provide time-resolved aerodynamic area traverses downstream of the LP turbine. Such measurement allows estimating the total deterministic unsteadiness transported through the duct. In particular, it has been possible to isolate the structures induced by each rotor by means of the encoders mounted on the two shafts. A global ensemble averaged field, which takes into account the rotor-rotor interactions, is also provided. The time resolved distributions of the flow quantities are then discussed in details. The perturbations due to the HP rotor in terms of velocity and flow angle are negligible in this downstream plane. Indeed, the largest fluctuations of velocity are due to the TMTF-LP rotor interaction, they occur in the wake and secondary flows of the TMTF. Large fluctuations of static and total pressure are instead due to both rotors to the same extent.
Automated synthesis of sialylated oligosaccharides (2012)

Sialic acid-containing glycans play a major role in cell-surface interactions with external partners such as cells and viruses. Straightforward access to sialosides is required in order to study their biological functions on a molecular level. Here, automated oligosaccharide synthesis was used to facilitate the preparation of this class of biomolecules. Our strategy relies on novel sialyl α-(2→3) and α-(2→6) galactosyl imidates, which, used in combination with the automated platform, provided rapid access to a small library of conjugation-ready sialosides of biological relevance.
Yao & Artusio's Anesthesiology: Problem-Oriented Patient Management, 4th Edition.  (1999)

Phillips Professor of AnesthesiologyThe University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, Texas 77555–0591mzornow@utmb.eduYao & Artusio's Anesthesiology: Problem-Oriented Patient Management, 4th Edition. Edited by Fun-Sun F. Yao. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven, 1998. Pages: 1,088 with 98 illustrations. Price:$75.00.Yao and Artusio's 4th edition of Anesthesiology: Problem-Oriented Patient Management represents a unique approach to transferring medical information to the reader. Each chapter starts with a hypothetical surgical case followed by a discussion of the pathophysiology, preoperative evaluation, intraoperative management, and postoperative care of the patient. The format is similar to what is used during the American Board of Anesthesiologists oral examination. The reader has the option of trying to answer the questions without referring to the answers or can read through the questions and answers as if the book were a more conventional text. Although not a primary reference source on anesthesiology, this book will serve admirably for those preparing for their oral board examinations. This reviewer read the book while preparing for his recertification examination and found the concise exposition of common clinical dilemmas in the subspecialties of pain management and obstetrical anesthesiology very useful reviews. This text will also be useful for the practitioner who is confronted with an anesthetic challenge outside of his or her usual range of expertise. In our daily practice, how often are we confronted with a patient with a pheochromocytoma? With thyrotoxicosis? How about an infant with a large cervical mass? Anesthetic considerations for these and 54 additional clinical problems are succinctly addressed in this text.The most recent edition has been expanded to include case discussions of heart and lung transplantation, ischemic heart disease and noncardiac surgery, cancer pain, cerebral aneurysms, nerve blocks of the lower extremity, airway trauma, and anesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging. References in prior editions have been updated to reflect the most current literature and should be easily accessible to those desiring primary sources for additional information. The illustrations consist mostly of line drawings that efficiently depict the crucial information. With a suggested retail price of $75.00, the reader will get a lot of useful information for their dollar. This book will be a valuable addition to the library of both residents in training and established practitioners.
Archaebacterial isoprenoids. Synthesis of 2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol and its 1,2-isomer (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTArchaebacterial isoprenoids. Synthesis of 2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol and its 1,2-isomerTadashi Aoki and C. Dale PoulterCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 26, 5634–5636Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00350a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00350a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views277Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thermodynamics and the spin-glass transition (1983)

New measurements of the magnetisation of a CuMn spin glass (0.25 at.%) are presented in order to test the hypothesis that the field-cooled magnetisation M(H,T) of a spin glass can be treated by the relationships of equilibrium thermodynamics. Comparisons are made between direct measurements of ( delta M/ delta T)H and ( delta 2M/ delta T2)H and those deduced from recent heat capacity and magnetocaloric experiments performed on similar specimens. The results show that above 0.05 T all three experiments agree closely. At low fields, however, there are small but significant differences that most probably arise from the use of different specimens for the three experiments but might have different causes. It is concluded that the equilibrium hypothesis is consistent with the experimental data at present available but that further experiments at low fields are required to test it thoroughly. The hypothesis has the remarkable implication that just below the glass temperature the entropy of a field-cooled spin glass increases with field in low fields and goes through a maximum as the field is increased (at 0.05 T for our specimen). An analogy is drawn between this behaviour and that of an ordered antiferromagnet for which the entropy is also an increasing function of field.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF AZIDOTHIOPHENES AND SOME OF THEIR REACTIONS (1979)

Abstract 3‐Lithio‐thiophen (I) reagiert mit Tosylazid zum 3‐Azidothiophen (IIIa), analog werden über die Li‐Verbindungen die Azide (IIIb),(IIIc), (IVa), (IVb), (VIa) und (VIb) hergestellt.
Multiple A-type cyclins express sequentially during the cell cycle in <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>  BY2 cells (1996)

Four full-length and one partial cDNA clones encoding four different A-type cyclins were isolated from a tobacco S-phase-specific library. The corresponding mRNAs displayed sequential appearance and disappearance during the cell cycle of highly synchronized suspension-cultured tobacco cells. Sequence analysis showed that the plant A-type cyclins can be subdivided into three distinct structural groups that are likely to be represented in every plant species. Two of the isolated tobacco cyclins belonging to the same group were highly expressed throughout S and G2 phases but showed different kinetics of induction at the G1/S transition. Another one belonging to a second group was induced at mid-S phase and expressed until mid-M phase. A similar expression pattern was previously reported for a tobacco cyclin belonging to the third group. This sequential expression of multiple A-type cyclins in one type of plant cells makes a clear distinction from the situation in animal cells in which only one A-type cyclin exists in a given species. Furthermore, the expression of the different A-type cyclin genes responded differently upon a block at mid-S phase by DNA synthesis inhibitors. These results suggest that the multiple A-type cyclins act at different steps of the plant cell cycle and, therefore, exert distinct functions. In contrast, the expression of B-type cyclins was restricted to a narrow window corresponding to the M phase.
Comparison of esophageal acid exposure at 1 cm and 6 cm above the squamocolumnar junction using the Bravo™ pH monitoring system (2006)

The aim of this study was to assess the quantitative differences of acid exposure at 1 cm and 6 cm above the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) using two radiotelemetry pH capsules affixed to the esophageal mucosa. Ten normal subjects and 10 endoscopy-negative gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients without hiatus hernia (ages 20-54, 12 male) were studied for a 24-h period using the Bravo pH monitoring system. pH capsules were placed 1 cm and 6 cm above the SCJ. Interpretable data for at least 14 h was obtained in 18 of the 20 subjects (9 normal, 9 GERD). Two failures occurred secondary to early capsule dislodgement. Median esophageal acid exposure was significantly increased at 1 cm above the SCJ compared to 6 cm above the SCJ during the total, upright and postprandial time periods in both normal and GERD subjects. During a 2 h postprandial period the esophageal acid exposure was 8-fold greater in GERD subjects and 5-fold greater in normal subjects 1 cm above the SCJ compared to 6 cm above the SCJ. Confident measurement of esophageal acid exposure at a fixed position 1 cm above the SCJ is feasible with the Bravo system. Acid exposure was significantly higher 1 cm above the SCJ compared to 6 cm above the SCJ in both GERD patients and controls. These findings suggest that measurement of acid exposure 1 cm above the SCJ may improve accuracy of pH monitoring by detecting acid reflux events confined to the distal esophagus.
Distribution-Based Synthetic Database Generation Techniques for Itemset Mining (2006)

The resource requirements of frequent pattern mining algorithms depend mainly on the length distribution of the mined patterns in the database. Synthetic databases, which are used to benchmark performance of algorithms, tend to have distributions far different from those observed in real datasets. In this paper we focus on the problem of synthetic database generation and propose algorithms to effectively embed within the database, any given set of maximal pattern collections, and make the following contributions: 1. A database generation technique is presented which takes k maximal itemset collections as input, and constructs a database which produces these maximal collections as output, when mined at k levels of support. To analyze the efficiency of the procedure, upper bounds are provided on the number of transactions output in the generated database; 2. A compression method is used and extended to reduce the size of the output database. An optimization to the generation procedure is provided which could potentially reduce the number of transactions generated; 3. Preliminary experimental results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of using the generation technique.
Theoretical Evaluation on the Response of Superconducting Transformers to Lightning Surge. II. Current Oscillation Characteristics and Ac Loss in Superconducting Windings. (1992)

Current and magnetic-field oscillation forms induced by lightning surge in superconducting trans fomers were examined in detail by the numerical simulation method proposed in the previous paper for ordinary circular disk type, high-series-capacitance type and multi-layer type windings . Ac losses of the superconducting cable due to the major components of magnetic-field oscillation were evaluated quantitatively for each type of winding and compared with proposed theoretical expressions. Reduc tion method of the ac loss was also discussed by comparing the current responses to lightning surge of several kinds of winding structures for ordinary circular disk and high-series-capacitance type windings with each other.
PhysLight: An End-to-End Pipeline for Scene-Referred Lighting (2020)

We present a visual effects production workflow for using spectral sensitivity data of DSLR and digital cinema cameras to reconstruct the spectral energy distribution of a given live-action scene and perform rendering in physical units. We can then create images that respect the real-world settings of the cinema camera, properly accounting for white balance, exposure, and the characteristics of the sensor.
GENERAL THEORY OF COLLISION BROADENING OF SPECTRAL LINES (1962)

Quantum mechanical theory of spectral line broadening which incorporates doppler and collision broadening in a natural way
Heparin Treatment of Intravascular Coagulation Accompanying Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions (1969)

Two patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation secondary to incompatible blood transfusion are reported. In one, the antibody responsible for the incompatibility was a noncomplement‐dependent anti‐Fy a . Intravascular coagulation may be more frequent than has been appreciated, hence, laboratory study of hemostasis should be a part of the evaluation of patients who have received incompatible blood. Prompt diagnosis along with heparin therapy may prevent the development of a generalized bleeding diathesis.
Ca(2+)-dependent conformational change in synaptotagmin I. (1994)

Synaptotagmin I is a Ca2+/phospholipid binding protein of synaptic vesicles with a proposed function as a Ca2+ sensor in synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Using controlled partial proteolysis as an assay, we now show that synaptotagmin I undergoes a conformational change as a function of Ca2+ binding. As observed for phospholipid binding, Ba2+ and Sr2+ but not Mg2+, substitute for Ca2+ in effecting this conformational change. The first C2 domain from synaptotagmin I that represents the Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipid binding domain of synaptotagmin also undergoes a Ca(2+)-dependent change in controlled partial proteolysis. In contrast, no effect of Ca2+ was observed with mutant C2 domains containing point mutations that abolish Ca2+ binding. The Ca2+ concentration dependence of the effect of Ca2+ on proteolysis mirrors the Ca2+ dependence of phospholipid binding. The conformational shift in synaptotagmin I caused by Ca2+/phospholipid binding could be the basis for its Ca(2+)-regulated function in triggering neurotransmitter release.