gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of Inducible Cyclic AMP Early Repressor Inhibits Transactivation of Genes and Cell Proliferation in Pancreatic β Cells (2004)

Transcriptional control mediated by the cyclic AMP-responsive element (CRE) represents an important mechanism of gene regulation. To test our hypothesis that increased inducible cyclic AMP early repressor (ICER) Igamma inhibits function of CRE-binding proteins and thus disrupts CRE-mediated transcription in pancreatic beta cells, we generated transgenic mice with beta-cell-directed expression of ICER Igamma, a powerful repressor that is greatly increased in diabetes. Three transgenic lines clearly show that increased ICER Igamma expression in beta cells results in early severe diabetes. From birth islets were severely disorganized with a significantly increased proportion of alpha cells throughout the islet. Diabetes results from the combined effects of impaired insulin expression and a decreased number of beta cells. The decrease in beta cells appears to result from impaired proliferation rather than from increased apoptosis after birth. Cyclin A gene expression is impaired by the strong inhibition of ICER; the suppression of cyclin A results in a substantially decreased proliferation of beta cells in the postnatal period. These results suggest that CRE and CRE-binding factors have an important role in pancreatic beta-cell physiology not only directly by regulation of gene trans-activation but also indirectly by regulation of beta-cell mass.
Systemic Endotoxin and Gastric Mucosal pH Are the Best Parameters to Predict Lethal Outcome in a Porcine Model of Abdominal Sepsis According to Multivariate Analysis (2003)

This study was devised to identify sepsis-relevant parameters that early and reliably predict a lethal outcome in intra-abdominal sepsis. In 18 Duroc pigs, peritonitis was induced through standardized gastrotomy. Twelve hours later the defect was oversewn and the abdominal cavity lavaged thoroughly. Sepsis relevant parameters were measured before initiating therapy, and 30 min later animals were extubated and observed for a period of 6 days under adequate analgesia with free access to water and food. All parameters were correlated with survival postoperatively. In the treatment group, 7 out of 18 pigs (39%) died within the observation period. Endotoxin level at 30 min after initiation of therapy [17.9 EU/mL ( - 12.1) vs. 110.9 EU/mL ( - 21); p < .001] and j pHi [0.015 ( - 0.011) vs. m 0.039 ( - 0.013); p = .016] were identified as the two parameters with highest predictive power regarding mortality in a multivariate analysis. In conclusion measurement of endotoxin and gastric tonometry should gain wider clinical application in septic patients.
Selective molecular adsorption in sub-nanometer cages of a Cu2O surface oxide (2013)

In this study the identity of diverse adsorption sites on a 5-7 Cu2O/Cu(111) surface oxide structure has been identified. The 5-7 membered rings formed by a topological defect on stoichiometric Cu2O present different electronic structures from the originating hexagonal rings, as shown by combined bias dependent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The adsorption of CO as a probe molecule on the 5-7 structure, studied using infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), shows the existence of special adsorption sites. By combining experimental and theoretical results, it is determined that CO molecules can be selectively confined inside the 7-membered oxide rings with internal dimensions of ∼0.85 nm, leading to a marked different adsorbate-substrate interaction than in either clean Cu(111) or Cu2O. The implication of these newly discovered sites on the chemistry of copper for catalytic reactions is discussed.
In Vivo Tracking of Transplanted Mononuclear Cells Using Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MEMRI) (2011)

The present Mn-enhanced MRI method enabled visualization of the transplanted area with a 150-175 µm in-plane spatial resolution and allowed the migration of labeled-MNCs to be observed for long periods in the same subject. After further optimization, MRI-based Mn-enhanced cell-tracking could be a useful technique for evaluation of cell therapy both in research and clinical applications.
Shear stress augments the enhanced adhesive phenotype of cells expressing the Pro33 isoform of integrin β<sub>3</sub> (2003)

Adhesion of platelets to the exposed extracellular matrix proteins at sites of vascular injury is partly regulated by the local fluid shear stress. Because the Leu33Pro (Pl(A)) polymorphism of integrin beta(3) confers only a modest increase in adhesion under static conditions, we used CHO and 293 cells expressing the Leu33 or Pro33 isoform of beta(3) in flow chamber experiments to test whether shear forces would alter the Pl(A) adhesive phenotype. We found that shear force augmented the Pro33-mediated enhanced adhesion to fibrinogen. This Pro33-dependent enhancement was aspirin-sensitive and was also observed on immobilized von Willebrand factor and cryoprecipitate, but not fibronectin. Thus, shear stress enhances the adhesive phenotype of the Pro33 cells to multiple physiologic substrates.
Probiotic Supplementation Regulates Placental and Fetal Development in C57BL6/J Mice (P20-008-19) (2019)

Maternal high-fat (HF) diet predisposes offspring to metabolic syndrome, in part, by inducing alterations during placental development resulting in abnormal fetal development and offspring birth weight. We previously reported in a rat model that a maternal malnutrition diet increases fetal inflammation, and placental vascularization, and decreases offspring birth weight followed by adult-onset obesity. In the current study, we investigated when during gestational development a maternal HF diet induces changes in placental weight, lipid content, and inflammation. We further investigated whether probiotic supplementation offsets HF-diet induced adverse outcomes. Two-month old female C57BL/6 mice were fed diets of 16% fat (normal-fat, NF) or 45% fat (high-fat, HF) for 8 weeks followed by 4 weeks of probiotic (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, BB-12) supplementation. Fetuses and placentae were examined mid- (D12) and late- (D19) gestation Placental length, width, and weight as well as fetal weight were decreased in the HF group at D12. Probiotic supplementation reversed the HF diet-induced reduction in placental weight at D12. These beneficial effects of probiotic supplementation were absent at D19 as fetal weights from all HF diet fed groups weighed less regardless of probiotic supplementation. Probiotic supplementation reduced placental TNF-alpha mRNA at D12 and IL-10 mRNA at D19. Triacylglyceride concentration was increased at D19 by HF diet, in part, by the preceding increases in lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and plasma membrane-associated fatty-acid binding protein (FABPpm) mRNA expression at D12. These findings suggest that maternal HF diet alters placental size and weight as well as fetal weight and that probiotic supplementation renders a protective effect against these changes in mid-gestation. Future studies are needed to determine whether the protective mechanism of probiotic supplementation in mid-gestation has beneficial effects on offspring developmental programming. USDA Agricultural Research Service Project #3062-51000-052-00D.
Deadline Based Resource Balancing Task Allocation for Clustered Heterogeneous LEO Small Satellite Network (2013)

This paper proposes a Deadline Based Resource Balancing (DBRB) task allocation algorithm for heterogeneous LEO small satellite networks, in which each satellite is equipped with one or more resources and limited power. So in the task allocation process, the dispatcher needs to consider the deadlines of the tasks as well as the balance of different resources. As the Map-Reduce program model is broadly adopted, a task in this network can consists of multiple subtasks. This paper schedules the subtasks based on both task deadline and resource balance. The DBRB algorithm is deployed on the head node of a cluster. It gathers the status from each cluster member and calculates their Node Importance Factors (NIFs) from the carried resources, residue power and compute capacity. The algorithm calculates the number of concurrent subtasks based on the deadlines, and allocates the subtasks to the lower NIFs first to balance the resources. The simulation results show that when cluster members carry multiple resources, resource are more balanced and rare resources serve longer in DBRB than in an Early Deadline First algorithm. We also analyze the resource balancing and average task finish time with different task deadline settings. And we show that the algorithm performs well in service isolation by serving multiple tasks with different deadlines. Moreover, the average task response time with various cluster size settings is well controlled within deadlines as well.
Automated computation of relative flow resistance using a pulsed Doppler flowmeter (1987)

Use of a pulsed Doppler flowmeter to assess changes in blood flow resistance often requires a laborious series of calculations, and full characterization of resistance changes frequently necessitates replotting of calculated data. To facilitate the interpretation of pulsed Doppler flowmetry data, a simple, inexpensive device was constructed that computes the signal ratio of mean arterial pressure (MAP) to directional pulsed Doppler outputs. With this device, relative flow resistance can be recorded and quantitatively assessed at a glance in three vascular beds in real time. This computer-like device was designed around the Burr-Brown DIV100HP integrated circuit. C741G OpAmps provide input buffering, zeroing, and ranging adjustments enabling the user to accurately follow resistance over a very broad range of changes without exceeding the device's operating limits. A LM339 quad comparator monitors the input of each DIV100 and indicates when operating limits are exceeded via a channel-specific LED indicator and an audible alarm. No significant attenuation of the input signals occurs over the range of direct current to 50 kHz, and the output is without significant phase shift. Comparisons with calculated changes in resistance derived from the MAP and pulsed Doppler flowmetry in unanesthetized, unrestrained rats confirmed that resistance changes can be measured with precision and accuracy.
Is Subject Structure of Investment Rational or Not?——Based on Data Analysis of the Higher Education Investment during 2001-2009 (2012)

Because of the expansion of higher education,Chinese regular higher education investment structure changes.The government and social investment proportion has decreased distinctly,and personal investment has grown rapidly.According to the benefit principles and ability principes of higher education investment,combined with the education practice in Western countries,as the biggest beneficiary,Government's payment ability is the strongest,and its investment proportion is not less than one half;society as the most direct beneficiary,its potential payment is tremendous,and its investment proportion should be around 1/3;personal earnings fall,their paying ability is limited,the investment proportion shall not exceed 1/5.
Efeito da quimioterapia sobre os ovos do Schistosoma mansoni (1987)

Praziquantel administered to mice with Schistosoma mansoni infection (50 cercarias/8 weeks) was observed to cause death of adult worms and disintegration of the eggs trapped within granulomas, sometimes with calcification, after the 4th day of treatment. Combined administration of oxamniquine/hycanthone to animals similarly infected, although quite effective in killing adult worms, did not interfere with the eggs in the tissue. The miracidium eclosion test was positive up to the 15th day after the curative treatment of these animals. Since praziquantel treatment causes a rapid destruction of eggs, possible serological and pathogenic effects are expected that may enable a faster reabsorption of granulomas by the host tissues than that produced by other equally effective drugs.
Glucocorticoid receptor activation in the rat nucleus of the solitary tract facilitates memory consolidation: involvement of the basolateral amygdala (1999)

These experiments examined the involvement of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs or type II) located in the A2-noradrenergic cell group of the rat nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in modulating memory storage. Bilateral intra-NTS infusions (0.5 microL) of the specific GR agonist RU 28362 (11beta, 17beta-dihydroxy-6, 21-dimethyl-17alpha-pregna-4,6-trien-20yn-3-one), in doses ranging from 0.01 to 10.0 ng, immediately after inhibitory avoidance training produced a dose-dependent enhancement of 48 h retention performance. Infusions of 0.1 or 1.0 ng of the agonist enhanced retention, whereas lower or higher doses were ineffective. Post-training infusions of the GR antagonist RU 38486 [17beta-hydroxy-11beta-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-17alpha-(1-pr opynyl)-o estra-4,9-dien-3-one, 0.01-10.0 ng] into the NTS did not significantly affect retention performance, but shifted the dose-response effects of post-training systemic injections of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone to the right. These results indicate that activation of GRs in the NTS can influence memory formation for inhibitory avoidance training, and suggest that the effects of circulating glucocorticoids on memory are mediated, in part, by an activation of GRs in the NTS. Additionally, pretraining infusions of the beta1-adrenergic antagonist atenolol (0.5 microg in 0.2 microL) into the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA), a brain structure which receives noradrenergic projections from the NTS and is implicated in memory storage modulation, blocked the memory-enhancing effects of the GR agonist (1.0 ng) infused into the NTS. These findings provide evidence that memory storage is modulated by glucocorticoid binding to GRs in noradrenergic cell bodies in the NTS and suggest that these modulatory effects are conveyed by ascending projections to the BLA.
Dangerous and life-threatening drugs - practical lessons from the long QT syndrome : review article (2002)

The long QT syndrome (LQTS) is caused by delayed cardiac 
repolarisation and may be associated with ventricular 
arrhythmias (torsades de pointes) and sudden 
death. The congenital LQTS is caused by mutations in 
any one of many genes coding for ion channels responsible 
for cardiac repolarisation. The acquired LQTS is 
much more common and may be associated with various 
metabolic conditions, acquired heart disease or drugs. 
The apparent idiosyncratic development of QT prolongation 
under these circumstances may well expose a 
much larger population with silent genetic mutations. 
Attention has focused on the growing list of drugs 
implicated in the causation of the syndrome and this has 
led to the withdrawal of some drugs and new guidelines 
for the pre-clinical and clinical testing of new drugs. 
Clinicians should be aware of the drugs that may 
cause this syndrome and its potentially fatal arrhythmias, 
as well as the conditions that make patients more 
vulnerable. Patients should be made aware of the risk of 
drug interactions and precautions when prescribed these 
drugs. Adverse drug effects suggestive of cardiac 
arrhythmias should be reported to drug regulatory 
authorities 
The LQTS has vastly expanded our knowledge of the 
molecular and genetic basis of cardiac repolarisation and 
arrhythmogenesis and its clinical significance is increasing.
Adaptive Spectro-Temporal Filtering for Electrocardiogram Signal Enhancement (2016)

Advances in low-cost portable electrocardiogram (ECG) devices have opened doors for numerous new applications, including fitness tracking, remote health, and peak athletic performance monitoring, to name a few. Many such devices, however, have been shown to be highly contaminated by movement and/or muscle contraction artifacts, which, in turn, can lead to erroneous heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) analyses. Here, we propose a new denoising method based on adaptive spectro-temporal filtering for ECG enhancement. The algorithm relies on the so-called modulation spectral signal representation, which is shown to accurately separate ECG and noise components. The proposed method was tested on synthetic ECG signals corrupted with varying levels of recorded noise and on long-term bedside noisy ECG recordings. Gains over a state-of-the-art wavelet-based denoising algorithm were achieved, particularly for very noisy scenarios. Overall, the proposed algorithm achieved a 61.8% gain in signal-to-noise ratio improvement, a three times reduction in average heart rate measurement error, and a 15% reduction in HRV measurement error relative to the benchmark, thus suggesting that it is an ideal candidate for ECG-based fitness/athletic monitoring applications.
L-Glutamic Acid Fermentation (1969)

Relation between biotin and oleic acid was studied using a biotin-requiring organism accumulating L-glutamic acid and its blocked mutants lacking the biosynthetic system of biotin or/and oleic acid. The results support the following considerations. Biotin is not formed from oleic acid and does not substantially affect the growth of L-glutamic acidaccumulating bacteria and their productivity of L-glutamic acid. Consequently, biotin serves only for the synthesis of fatty acids in the present organisms. The essential factor for their growth and metabolism is an unsaturated fatty acid like oleic acid and not biotin. And also, saturated fatty acids have substantially no relation with their growth and metabolism like accumulation of L-glutamic acid.
Adaptive Robotic Visual Tracking (1991)

Current robotic systems lack the flexibility of dynamic interaction with the environment. The use of sensors can make the robotic systems more flexible. Among the different types of sensors, visual sensors play a critical role. This paper addresses some of the issues associated with the use of a visual sensor in the feedback loop. In particular, algorithms are proposed for the solution of the robotic (hand-eye configuration) visual tracking and servoing problem. We state the problem of robotic visual tracking as a problem of combining control with computer vision. We propose the use of sum-of-squared differences (SSD) optical flow for the computation of the vector of discrete displacements. These displacements are fed to an adaptive controller (self-tuning regulator) that drives implemented three different adaptive control schemes and the results are presented in this paper.
Analysis of neutralization-escape mutants selected from a mouse virulent type 1/type 2 chimeric poliovirus: identification of a type 1 poliovirus with antigenic site 1 deleted (1991)

A chimeric type 1/type 2 poliovirus (v510), in which the antigenic site 1 (Ag1) of poliovirus type 1 (PV-1) Mahoney was replaced by the corresponding site of poliovirus type 2 (PV-2) Lansing, is known to be neurovirulent for mice and neutralized by both type 1 and type 2 monoclonal antibodies. Neutralization-escape mutants to monoclonal antibodies specifically recognizing the PV-2 sequence were obtained from v510. The nucleotide sequence and the mouse neurovirulence of mutants were determined. Amino acid substitutions obtained inside the replaced sequence, at positions 95 and 99, and outside this site, at positions 93 or 104, rendered the virus attenuated for mice. One of the escape mutants harboured a deletion of the entire substituted nonapeptide sequence in v510. This particular virus, which is a PV-1 Mahoney lacking the natural Ag1 loop, does not react with PV-2-specific monoclonal antibodies, has a ts phenotype, is heat-labile and is devoid of neurovirulence for mice.
ChemInform Abstract: Autoxidation of 3‐Hydroxyanthranilic Acid. (1988)

Abstract Autoxidation of 3‐hydroxyanthranilic acid (I) at alkaline pH yields the p‐quinone dimer (II) as the major product.
Box-like filter response using multimode single-ring microresonators (2016)

In this work we suggest a new technique to form a box-like filter response using a single microring resonator. The new design is based on exploiting the multimode propagation in the ring. The technique is implemented in the case of a two-mode ring resonator for different designs. The obtained results show that the new designs allow getting 1 to 10 dB spectral width shape factor better than 0.4, as verified by the FDTD simulation at different wavelengths and for different spectral widths. This new design methodology opens the door for more compact optical filters with controlled box-like response.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOISOMERISM IN THE CYCLOADDUCTS FROM 4‐ALKYL‐1‐VINYLCYCLOHEXENES WITH MALEIC ANHYDRIDE, SULFUR DIOXIDE, AND METHYLPHOSPHONOUS DICHLORIDE (1983)

Abstract Aus den l‐Vinylcyclohexenen (I) erhält man nach Addition von Maleinsäureanhydrid durch Hydrolyse die isomeren Carbonsäuren (II); mit Schwefeldioxid entstehen analog die Addukte (III).
Induction of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes: A Path to the Discovery of Multiple Cytochromes P450 (2003)

This article provides a personal account of the discovery of the induced synthesis of drug-metabolizing enzymes and of subsequent research that led to the discovery of multiple cytochromes P450 with different catalytic activities. The manuscript also emphasizes the role of environmental factors (in addition to genetic polymorphisms) in explaining person-to-person and day-to-day differences in rates and pathways of drug metabolism that occur in the human population.
Swelling of Phospholipid Bilayers by Solvents (1995)

The equilibrium partitioningof solvent between water and phospholipid vesicles above the phase transition temperature of the vesicles is treated in a manner similar to that previously successful in describing solvent partitioning between water and polymer latex particles.The mixing of solvent and the alkane part of the phospholipid vesicles is described by classical Flory-Huggins theory.The vesicle surface free energy is described by the Gibbs-Thomson equation.The subsequent model has a single adjustable parameter, the saturation concentration of solvent in vesicles, that is restricted within physical limits.Comparisons of theory and experiment show good agreement and allow calculations of vesicle interfacial tensions.
Scattering experiments with microwave billiards at an exceptional point under broken time-reversal invariance (2014)

Scattering experiments with microwave cavities were performed and the effects of broken time-reversal invariance (TRI), induced by means of a magnetized ferrite placed inside the cavity, on an isolated doublet of nearly degenerate resonances were investigated. All elements of the effective Hamiltonian of this two-level system were extracted. As a function of two experimental parameters, the doublet and the associated eigenvectors could be tuned to coalesce at a so-called exceptional point (EP). The behavior of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors when encircling the EP in parameter space was studied, including the geometric amplitude that builds up in the case of broken TRI. A one-dimensional subspace of parameters was found where the differences of the eigenvalues are either real or purely imaginary. There, the Hamiltonians were found to be PT invariant under the combined operation of parity (P) and time reversal (T) in a generalized sense. The EP is the point of transition between both regions. There a spontaneous breaking of PT occurs.
Synthesis of small palladium nanoparticles stabilized by bisphosphine BINAP bearing an alkyl chain and their palladium nanoparticle-catalyzed carbon–carbon coupling reactions under room-temperature (2006)

A new bisphosphine ligand, C8-BINAP, and C8-BINAP-stabilized palladium nanoparticles have been prepared; C8-BINAP was found to be an effective protecting ligand for preparing and stabilizing palladium nanoparticles with very small core size and narrow size distribution and the C8-BINAP-Pd nanoparticles behave as an efficient catalyst for carbon-carbon coupling reactions at room temperature.