gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Extraction of Moving Objects from Image and LIDAR Sequences (2014)

Detecting and segmenting moving objects in an image sequence has always been a crucial task for many computer vision applications. This task becomes especially challenging for real-world image sequences of busy street scenes, where moving objects are ubiquitous. Although it remains technologically elusive to develop an effective and scalable image-based moving object detection, modern street side imagery are often augmented with sparse point clouds captured with depth sensors. This paper develops a simple but effective system for moving object detection that fully harnesses the complementary nature of 2D image and 3D LIDAR point clouds. We demonstrate how moving objects can be much more easily and reliably detected with sparse 3D measurements and how such information can significantly improve segmentation for moving objects in the image sequences. The results of our system are highly accurate "joint segmentation" of 2D images and 3D points for all moving objects in street scenes, which can serve many subsequent tasks such as object removal in images, 3D reconstruction and rendering.
Development of a 1.5 MW conventional magnetron via numerical simulation (2011)

Summary form only given. Researchers at the Air Force Research Laboratory's (AFRL) Directed Energy Directorate and magnetron engineers at Communications and Power Industries (CPI) have designed a conventional magnetron intended to deliver 1.5 MW peak power output at 920 MHz. The source was virtually prototyped using AFRL's state-of-the-art computer simulation software package, the Improved Concurrent Electromagnetic Particle In Cell (ICEPIC) code, a highly parallelized full-wave electromagnetic PIC code that is capable of running on thousands of processors in parallel. The magnetron design was based on a commercially available 75kW magnetron, and then optimized for operating frequency, mode separation, and efficient power extraction. Many design variants were explored including 14, 16, and 18 vanes, strap placement and configuration, axial length, number of RF extraction rods, and cathode radii. The process has yielded an optimum design that meets the established requirements for this new source. Thermal analysis and manufacturability studies have begun prior to fabrication of an experimental prototype.
Correction: The learning curve of endoscopic total mastectomy in Taiwan: A multi-center study (2017)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178251.].
A Revised Bacterial Polypeptide Chain Elongation Cycle with a Stepwise Increase in Restriction of Unwanted Ternary Complexes by the Ribosome (1996)

The polypeptide chain elongation cycle and the decoding of the genetic message in Escherichia coli have been a matter of general consensus during the last twenty-five years (Miller & Weissbach, 1977;Kaziro, 1990).Some years ago, however, when we were studying the in ViVo effects of mutants of the elongation factor EF-Tu 1 on translational errors (Vijgenboom et al., 1985;Vijgenboom & Bosch, 1989), serious doubts arose in our minds concerning the correctness of the classical elongation scheme.We found that some mutant EF-Tu species act as suppressors of nonsense codons and translational frame shifts.Surprisingly, optimal suppression required the combined action of two different mutant EF-Tu species.On account of these and later findings, we now propose a revised elongation cycle in which two molecules of EF-Tu operate successively and in which the restriction by the ribosome of unwanted ternary complexes increases stepwise. SUPPRESSION OF NONSENSE AND FRAME SHIFTS BY MUTANTS OF EF-TUIntergenic suppression of nonsense mutations can be mediated by suppressor genes coding for a tRNA or a ribosomal protein (Ozeki et al., 1980;Gorini, 1974).Translational stops at the codons UAG and UAA can also be suppressed in cells harboring mutant species of EF-Tu as was demonstrated by Vijgenboom et al. (1985).Readthrough of these codons at position 189 of the lacI-Z fusion on an F factor was determined by measuring -galactosidase activity in these mutant cells.The EF-Tu species active in suppression are [A375T]EF-TuA and [G222D]EF-TuB.For historical reasons, they are designated here EF-TuA R and EF-TuB o , respectively.These mutant factors also promote +1 and -1 translational frame shifts.Vijgenboom and Bosch (1989) determined this phenomenon in E. coli strains transformed with plasmids carrying a frame shift mutation in a cII-lacZ fusion.EF-TuA R has a low affinity for kirromycin (van de Klundert et al., 1978).It is error-prone (van der Meide et al., 1980;Vijgenboom et al., 1985;Vijgenboom & Bosch, 1989) and somewhat less effective than wild-type EF-Tu in nucleotide binding (Duisterwinkel et al., 1981) and in ternary complex formation (Swart et al., 1987).Its activity to mediate in Vitro translation of a natural mRNA is reduced (Talens et al., to be published).When present as the sole EF-Tu species in the cell, EF-TuA R does not display readthrough of nonsense codons above the wild-type level.EF-TuB o is encoded by the gene tufB o , which is recessive to tufA R encoding EF-TuA R and conferring kirromycin resistance (van de Klundert et al., 1978;Tapio & Kurland, 1986).Studies by Duisterwinkel et al. (1981) and by Swart et al. (1987) showed that EF-TuB o is able to form a ternary complex and can transfer Phe-tRNA to poly(U)-programmed ribosomes.The interaction with the ribosome is defective; however, both triggering of the GTPase and poly(Phe) synthesis require elevated Mg 2+ concentrations (10-14 mM).
Rilpivirine: a next-generation non-nucleoside analogue for the treatment of HIV infection (2012)

RPV is a safe and efficacious antiretroviral drug with a better neuropsychiatric and metabolic profile than efavirenz, which is currently the most widely used NNRTI. The availability of a fixed-dose coformulation of RPV with tenofovir/emtricitabine makes the use of RPV even more attractive. The efficacy of RPV in patients with a high baseline viral load remains to be clarified in further trials.
A New Queueing Model for QoS Analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF with Finite Buffer and Load (2010)

Quality of Service (QoS) and queue management are important issues for IEEE 802.11 systems. However, existing 2-dimensional (2-D) Markov chain models of 802.11 systems are unable to capture the complete QoS performance and queueing behavior due to the lack of an adequate finite buffer model. We present a 3-dimensional (3-D) Markov chain that integrates the 802.11 system contention resolution and queueing processes into one model. The 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> dimension, that models the queue length, allows us to accurately capture important QoS measures, delay and loss, plus throughput and queue length, for realistic 802.11 systems with finite buffer under finite load. We derive an efficient method for solving the steady state probabilities of the Markov chain. Our 3-D Markov chain is the first finite buffer model defined and solved for 802.11 systems. The solutions, validated by extensive simulations, capture the system dynamics over a wide range of traffic load, buffer capacity, and network size. Our 3-D model points to the existence of an effective maximum throughput and shows its relationship with buffer capacity. We demonstrate that our 3-D model can also be used in resource allocation to determine adequate buffer sizes under a particular QoS constraint.
Homocysteine in frozen plasma samples. A short cut to establish hyperhomocysteinaemia as a risk factor for arteriosclerosis? (1993)

Findings in several retrospective studies have supported the hypothesis that hyperhomocysteinaemia may be an independent risk factor for premature arteriosclerotic disease. This prompted us to investigate whether frozen plasma samples could be used to study the question prospectively. Total plasma homocysteine concentrations in 6-16-year-old (10.9 +/- 2.5, mean +/- SD) frozen (-20 degrees C) and fresh samples from the same 76 men were 11.6 +/- 4.9 and 14.1 +/- 4.3 mumol l-1 respectively, the values being significantly correlated (r = 0.58, p < 0.001). The difference was not correlated to storage time. After the first sampling, 13 subjects had survived a stroke, 16 a myocardial infarction, and 51 were still healthy, being used as matched controls. In stroke patients, values from old and fresh samples were 14.2 +/- 5.5 and 16.4 +/- 4.8 mumol l-1, respectively, and tended to be higher (p = 0.06) than in matched controls whose respective values were 11.4 +/- 2.8 and 13.8 +/- 3.8 mumol l-1 (n = 22). No such differences were seen between patients with myocardial infarction and their matched controls. We conclude that total plasma homocysteine can be measured in up to 10-year-old frozen plasma samples, indicating that such samples can be used for prospective studies on the relationship between plasma homocysteine and vascular disease.
Fabrication and characterization of a quarter micron gate CMOS using ultra-thin Si film (30 nm) on SIMOX substrate (2003)

Deep submicron-gate MOSFETs have been fabricated on ultrathin Si film of 30 nm, 50 nm, and 100 nm in thickness on SIMOX (separation by implanted oxygen) substrates. CMOS ring oscillators of 51 stages were fabricated to evaluate propagation delay. A high performance of 21.5 ps/stage (V/sub D/=2.5 V at room temperature) was observed for a 0.25- mu m-gate CMOS ring oscillator on the SIMOX substrate with Si film of 100 nm in thickness. By reducing the thickness of Si film on SIMOX substrates down to 30 nm, excellent immunity from short channel effects that is, independence of threshold voltage from gate length and low subthreshold voltage swings, was found.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Akaterpin, a Novel Bioactive Triterpene from the Marine Sponge Callyspongia sp. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Rietveld structure refinement of an exceptionally pure sample of clinoptilolite from Ecuador and its Na-, K-, and Ca-exchanged forms (2009)

The crystal structures of a highly pure, sedimentary clinoptilolite and the Na-, K-, and Ca-exchanged forms were refined by the Rietveld method using X-ray diffraction data collected with both conventional and synchrotron sources and different instrumental geometries. The refined structures showed that the clinoptilolite framework is not sensitive to cation exchange with Na +, K + or Ca 2+. The M1 extraframework cation site is occupied by Na, Ca, and Ba, M2 by Ca, M3 by K, and M4 by Mg. The M1 site occupancy significantly influences the configuration of extraframework water molecules. © by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, München.
Microbial oxidation of oleic acid (1992)

Resting cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast, type II; Sigma) were used to convert oleic acid into 10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid with a 45% yield. Nocardia aurantia (ATCC 12674), Nocardia sp. (NRRL 5646), and Mycobacterium fortuitum (UI 53378) all converted oleic acid into 10-oxo-octadecanoic acid with 65, 55, and 80% yields, respectively. Structures of all metabolites were suggested by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and by infrared and mass spectrometry. Structures of isomeric hydroxystearate and oxostearate derivatives and the stereochemical purity of hydroxystearates are difficult to prove unambiguously unless authentic standard compounds are available for spectral comparison. We describe the use of the chemical Baeyer-Villiger oxidation technique with 10-oxo-octadecanoic acid followed by mass spectral analysis of neutral extracts as a simple method to confirm the position of oxo-functional groups in the structures of fatty acid ketones. We further introduce a simple method based on 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of diastereomeric S-(+)-O-acetylmandelate esters of hydroxystearates as a means of ascertaining stereochemical purities of hydroxy fatty acids.
Modeling Extensions of Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy (2014)

Journal Article Modeling Extensions of Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy Get access Roarke Horstmeyer, Roarke Horstmeyer California Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Guoan Zheng, Guoan Zheng University of Connecticut Department of Biomedical Engineering, Storrs, CT 06269, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Xiaoze Ou, Xiaoze Ou California Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Changhuei Yang Changhuei Yang California Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 20, Issue S3, 1 August 2014, Pages 370–371, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927614003572 Published: 27 August 2014
2330 PIV Measurements in Confined Swirling Flows of Polymer Solutions with Vortex Shedding (2006)

Using particle image velocimetry (PIV) system, a ring vortex shedding phenomenon observed in the confined swirling flows of polyacrylamide (PAA) solutions whose concentration was 0.5 wt% was investigated. It was found that the fluid within the ring vortex formed near the rotating disc rotates with semi-rigid body rotation, where the angular velocity of ring votex was about 0.9 times that of the rotating disc. The high shear layer was found to exist at the boundary between the ring vortex and the outer large-scale secondary flow. After the ring vortex was shed, the surrounding large-scale secondary flow rushed into near the rotating axis, so that the strong axial flow was observed near the rotating axis.
High-STEACS Algorithm missed fewer patients with acute MI than the ESC Pathway in the ED (2017)

ACP Journal Club19 September 2017High-STEACS Algorithm missed fewer patients with acute MI than the ESC Pathway in the EDAndrew Worster, MD, MSc, Peter Kavsak, PhD, FCACB, FACB, FCCSAndrew Worster, MD, MScMcMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.W., P.K.)Search for more papers by this author, Peter Kavsak, PhD, FCACB, FACB, FCCSMcMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.W., P.K.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJC-2017-167-6-034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationChapman AR, Anand A, Boeddinghaus J, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of early rule-out pathways for acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2017;135:1586-96. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28034899Clinical Impact RatingsEmergency Med: Hospitalists: Cardiology: References1 Kavsak PA, Worster A, Ma J, et al. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin risk-cutoffs for acute cardiac outcomes at emergency department presentation. Can J Cardiol. 2017;33:898-903. [PMID: 28668141] Google Scholar2 Kavsak PA, Jaffe AS, Greene DN, et al. Total analytic error for low cardiac troponin concentrations (≤ 10 ng/L) by use of a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assay. Clin Chem. 2017;63:1043-5. [PMID: 28325814] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.W., P.K.)This article was published at Annals.org on 5 September 2017. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoHERDOO2 identified women at low risk for recurrence after 5 to 12 mo of anticoagulation for a first unprovoked VTE Paul Kruger and John Eikelboom Metrics Cited byHigh-sensitivity troponin assays for early rule-out of acute myocardial infarction in people with acute chest pain: a systematic review and economic evaluation 19 September 2017Volume 167, Issue 6Page: JC34KeywordsAcute coronary syndromeAcute myocardial infarctionAlgorithmsEmergency departmentHigh sensitivity cardiac troponinIschemiaResearch laboratoriesSafetyTroponinUnstable angina ePublished: 19 September 2017 Issue Published: 19 September 2017 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2017 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Isolation of Rat Prolactin Messenger Ribonucleic Acid and Synthesis of the Complementary Deoxyribonucleic Acid* (1979)

PRL mRNA was purified from rat pituitaries. To reduce GH mRNA content and to enrich the fraction of PRL mRNA, rats were thyroidectomized and treated with estradiol. PRL mRNA was purified from the total RNA extract by poly(U)-Sepharose chromatography, followed by sucrose gradient centrifugation. The final PRL mRNA preparation sedimented with a size of approximately US on sucrose gradient centrifugation. The PRL mRNA preparation was 81% pure, and although GH mRNA has a similar sedimentation coefficient, it represented only 2.1% of the total mRNA activity as assessed by cell-free translation using nuclease-treated reticulocyte lysate. Purified PRL mRNA was used as a template for the synthesis of complementary DNA (cDNA) by reverse transcriptase. Estimation of the size of the cDNA by electrophoresis in alkaline agarose gel revealed a major 880 nucleotide species, large enough to contain most of the information present in PRL mRNA. Back hybridization of the cDNA to the mRNA template showed a saturation of 80% a nd Rot,/2 of 5.6 × 10” M × s. [Rot, the roduct of RNA concentration (molarity of nucleotides) and time (seconds) of the hybridization reaction, is measured in M s; Roti/2 = Rot for half-completion of the hybridization reaction.] No significant cross-hybridization could be demonstrated between PRL cDNA and GH mRNA purified from a transplantable pituitary tumor. After estradiol administration to intact male rats, elevation of PRL mRNA levels, as determined by hybridization, correlated well with that assessed by translation.
Electrochemical Investigation of Quinone Complexation by Lewis Acids in a Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquid (2013)

The electrochemical behavior of 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) has been investigated in the initially neutral aluminum chloride : 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid. It has been found that AQ is characterized by a single irreversible redox process in the neutral melt. Additions of AlCl3 cause a positive potential shift, first by the formation of two reversible redox processes corresponding to AlCl3 complexes of AQ under mildly acidic conditions, and then by the appearance of a shifted irreversible redox process in an acidic melt. HfCl4 additions cause similar behavior, except that the reversible systems persist at higher Lewis acid levels than for AlCl3. At the 11:1 Lewis acid: AQ point, AQ is still soluble as an orange solution for AlCl3 additions, but a yellow solid precipitates from a yellow (amber) solution for HfCl4 additions.
Cell-Free Synthetic Biology: Engineering Beyond the Cell (2016)

Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) technologies have enabled inexpensive and rapid recombinant protein expression. Numerous highly active CFPS platforms are now available and have recently been used for synthetic biology applications. In this review, we focus on the ability of CFPS to expand our understanding of biological systems and its applications in the synthetic biology field. First, we outline a variety of CFPS platforms that provide alternative and complementary methods for expressing proteins from different organisms, compared with in vivo approaches. Next, we review the types of proteins, protein complexes, and protein modifications that have been achieved using CFPS systems. Finally, we introduce recent work on genetic networks in cell-free systems and the use of cell-free systems for rapid prototyping of in vivo networks. Given the flexibility of cell-free systems, CFPS holds promise to be a powerful tool for synthetic biology as well as a protein production technology in years to come.
A feedback control scheme for low latency constant quality MPEG-2 video encoding (1996)

This paper describes a coding control scheme for MPEG-2 which maintains the perceived video quality constant, and is suitable for real-time and low latency encoding. We have chosen a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) scheme for the controller similarly to the works presented in 1,2 , and we adopt the same approach in designing the particular PID feedback function. The main reason for using a PID feedback function is the good tradeoff that it offers between computational complexity, ease of design, and performance. We have chosen to use a new video quality metric called Moving Picture Quality Metric (MPQM). This metric models the human visual system and matches subjective evaluations correctly, outperforming existing quality metrics for video. Simulations results will be shown for typical video sequences. A comparison with CBR encoding will be also presented.
Magnetic and optical properties of Ga 1−x Mn x N grown by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (2005)

Epitaxial layers of Ga(1-x)Mn(x)N with concentrations of up to x = 0.015 have been grown on c-sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. No ferromagnetic second phases were detected via high-resolution x-ray diffraction. Crystalline quality and surface structure were measured by x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy, respectively. No significant deterioration in crystal quality and no increase in surface roughness with the incorporation of Mn were detected. Optical measurements show a broad emission band attributed to a Mn-related transition at 3.0 eV that is not seen in the underlying GaN virtual substrate layers. Room temperature ferromagnetic hysteresis has been observed in these samples, which may be due to either Mn-clustering on the atomic scale or the Ga(1-x)Mn(x)N bulk alloy.
Deoxynivalenol-Induced Proinflammatory Gene Expression: Mechanisms and Pathological Sequelae (2010)

The trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is commonly encountered in human cereal foods throughout the world as a result of infestation of grains in the field and in storage by the fungus Fusarium. Significant questions remain regarding the risks posed to humans from acute and chronic DON ingestion, and how to manage these risks without imperiling access to nutritionally important food commodities. Modulation of the innate immune system appears particularly critical to DON's toxic effects. Specifically, DON induces activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in macrophages and monocytes, which mediate robust induction of proinflammatory gene expression-effects that can be recapitulated in intact animals. The initiating mechanisms for DON-induced ribotoxic stress response appear to involve the (1) activation of constitutive protein kinases on the damaged ribosome and (2) autophagy of the chaperone GRP78 with consequent activation of the ER stress response. Pathological sequelae resulting from chronic low dose exposure include anorexia, impaired weight gain, growth hormone dysregulation and aberrant IgA production whereas acute high dose exposure evokes gastroenteritis, emesis and a shock-like syndrome. Taken together, the capacity of DON to evoke ribotoxic stress in mononuclear phagocytes contributes significantly to its acute and chronic toxic effects in vivo. It is anticipated that these investigations will enable the identification of robust biomarkers of effect that will be applicable to epidemiological studies of the human health effects of this common mycotoxin.