gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Synthetic Route for Pyrrolizinone Synthesis through Functionalized C-Alkylpyrroles (2009)

Regioselective addition of pyrrole to methyl 3-aryl-2-cyanoacrylates was achieved, in high yields, with copper(II) triflate as the catalyst in toluene. C-Alkylated pyrroles afforded novel pyrrolizin-3-ones, in good to high yields and high diastereomeric ratio by an intramolecular cyclization reaction under mild reaction conditions.
Structure-Activity Studies of Halopyrethroids (1974)

The structures of the new pyrethroids were elucidated utilizing nuclear magnetic spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The biological activity of the pyrethroids has been evaluated for houseflies and yellow fever mosquitoes. A correlation of increase in rapid knockdown and toxicity with decrease in size of halogen has been made. The most effective compound, the difluorovinyl ester, has a toxicity of 123 times greater than pyrethrins. This degree of toxicity has not previously been reported for a 5-benzyl-3-furanmethyl ester. The relative lipophilicities of the dihalovinyl esters, Rm, have been determined by reverse phase partition chromatography. The R values for the dihalo esters correlate with their m effectiveness as rapid knockdown agents. The least lipophilic compound, the difluorovinyl ester, possessed the highest knockdown in this dihalovinyl ester series. The difluorovinyl ester has incorporated a high level of toxicity while maintaining excellent effectiveness as a knockdown agent against houseflies. This combination of high knockdown and high toxicity in a single compound has not been previously reported. Several other pyrethroids were synthesized and evaluated for knockdown and toxicity, in order to make specific comparisons with pyrethroids of known effectiveness. The replacement of the isobutenyl group of the chrysanthemates by the dihalovinyl group has been effective against houseflies and yellow fever mosquitoes in enhancing or maintaining toxicity and knockdown in every pyrethroid series investigated. In the allethronyl series, this dihalovinyl replacement has resulted in a 12-fold increase in rapid knockdown activity against mosquitoes.
SYNTHESIS OF A NOVEL 4H-BENZO[1.2.4]DITHIAZINE SYSTEM AND STUDIES OF ITS ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOUR (2003)

Compounds containing the chalcogen-chalcogen bond (chalkogen can be sulphur and/or selenium) in molecules could be potential scavenger for free radicals in organisms, because the bond chalcogen-chalcogen may be liable to the reversible redox bond-opening and bond-closure. Now we found a facile method for preparation of the new benzo[1,2,4]dithiazine skeleton containig -S-S- moiety into molecule. Electrochemical studies show the reversible redox ring-opening and ring-closure on S-S bond of skeleton.
Photochemistry of Sulfonamides and Sulfonylureas: A Contribution to the Problem of Light‐Induced Dermatoses (1980)

Photochemical studies on model sulfonamides and antidiabetics (1) led to the conclusion that that appearance of light-induced dermatoses on administration of tolbutamide (1a) could be due to the reaction of radicals (and SO2) with the cell components; furthermore, (1a) might attack the cell protein as hapten.
Stray light test station for measuring point source transmission and thermal background of visible and infrared sensors (2008)

Breault Research Organization has designed and built a stray light test station. The station measures the point source transmission and background thermal irradiance of visible and infrared sensors. Two beam expanders, including a large 0.89 meter spherical mirror, expand and collimate light from laser sources at 0.658 and 10.6 µm. The large mirror is mounted on a gimbal to illuminate sensors at off-axis angles from 0° to 10°, and azimuths from 0° to 180°. Sensors with apertures as large as 0.3 meters can be tested with the existing facility. The large mirror is placed within a vacuum chamber so cryogenic infrared sensors can be tested in a vacuum environment. A dark cryogenic cold plate can be translated into the field of view of a sensor to measure its background thermal irradiance.
Interface techniques for embedding custom mega cells in a gate array (2002)

A full custom microprocessor mega cell is embedded in a 0.7-micron triple-layer metal gate array using shrinkable design rules. Interface logic built from gate array macros guarantees data sheet timing at the pins, production test pattern transportability, and CRC/BIST (cyclic redundancy check/built-in self-test) testability. The processor was modeled using behavioral Verilog wrapped around proprietary 'C' code.
A System Matrix for Astigmatic Optical Systems: I. Introduction and Dioptric Power Relations (1981)

A single 4 X 4 system matrix is used to represent the para-axial properties of optical systems consisting of separated obliquely crossed spherocylindrical lenses. The 4 X 4 system matrix is a generalization and combination of the 2 X 2 Gaussian system matrix for spherical optical systems, and the 2 X 2 dioptric power matrix for a single spherocylindrical lens or for obliquely crossed spherocylindrical lenses in contact with each other. The 4 X 4 system matrix approach simplifies both the conceptual and numerical analysis of complicated astigmatic systems.
Randomized Robot Trophallaxis: From concept to implementation (2007)

Trophallaxis is a natural phenomenon, biologically observed from social insects or vertebrate animals, to exchange food between colony members. This paper describes a new robotic concept, “Randomized Robot Trophallaxis”, based on a group of autonomous mobile robots with capabilities of self-refueling energy and self-sharing energy. We firstly clarify the concept “Randomized Robot Trophallaxis” by given examples of some natural animal societies. We continuously put emphases on mechatronics implementation of the trophallactic robots. Simulation results are described to point out considerable advantages of trophallactic features when deploying multiple mobile robots latter. The paper is ended with discussion on the concept as well as future vision.
Fatal outcome of a hypersensitivity reaction to paclitaxel: a critical review of premedication regimens (2004)

Hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to paclitaxel are frequently encountered in patients receiving this antitumour drug. Administration of histamine H1- and H2-receptor antagonists and corticosteroids has been shown to reduce significantly the risk of developing an HSR in patients receiving taxanes. In this case report, we describe the fatal outcome of an HSR in a patient receiving paclitaxel despite short-course premedication. The level of evidence supporting the short-course i.v. premedication schedule is challenged, as it is not compatible with the pharmacokinetic properties of dexamethasone.
Twin rotor drive for an electric vehicle (1993)

An original electric machine is described which has a single stator and two rotors, each core being of a disc geometry, with the stator sandwiched between the two rotors. The rotors carry squirrel cage windings, and are mounted on individual, independent shafts driving two wheels of an electric vehicle. The torque generated by each rotor depends on the slip of each rotor and the dimensions of the cores, particularly the stator yoke depth which controls the magnitude of any differential flux in the two sections of the machine. An analytical model of the machine is developed, based on a travelling wave model and taking into account the harmonics, travelling at synchronous speed, which are produced by saturation in the various parts of the cores. Leakage fluxes are accounted for, and are divided into fluxes which do, and do not, contribute towards saturation in the machine. Laboratory results are compared with those predicted by the model. Systematic differences are evident between these results and explanations are offered to account for them.
Development of oligonucleotide probes and PCR primers for detecting phylogenetic subgroups of sulfate-reducing bacteria (2000)

PCR primer sets for the 16S rRNA gene of six phylogenetic groups of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were designed. Their application in conjunction with group-specific internal oligonucleotide probes was used to detect SRB DNA in samples of landfill leachate. Six generic/suprageneric groups could be differentiated: DESULFOTOMACULUM:; DESULFOBULBUS:; DESULFOBACTERIUM:; DESULFOBACTER:; DESULFOCOCCUS:-DESULFONEMA:-DESULFOSARCINA:; DESULFOVIBRIO:-DESULFOMICROBIUM: The predicted specificities of the PCR primer and oligonucleotide probe combinations were confirmed with DNA from reference strains. In all cases, the PCR primers and probes were specific, the only exception being that the Desulfococcus-Desulfonema-Desulfosarcina (group 5) PCR primers were able to amplify DNA from DESULFOBACTERIUM: (group 3) reference strains but these groups could nevertheless be differentiated with the internal oligonucleotide probes. The proliferation of SRB in landfill sites interferes with methanogenesis and waste stabilization, but relatively little is known about the composition of SRB populations in this environment. DNA was extracted from samples of landfill leachate from several municipal waste landfill sites and used as template in PCR reactions with SRB group-specific primer sets. Group-specific oligonucleotide probes were then used to confirm that the PCR products obtained contained the target SRB 16S rDNA. Both 'direct' and 'nested' PCR protocols were used to amplify SRB 16S rDNA from landfill leachates. Three of the six SRB groups could be detected using the 'direct' PCR approach (DESULFOTOMACULUM:, DESULFOBACTER: and Desulfococcus-Desulfonema-Desulfosarcina). When 'nested' PCR was applied, an additional two groups could be detected (DESULFOBULBUS: and DESULFOVIBRIO:-DESULFOMICROBIUM:). Only DESULFOBACTERIUM: could not be detected in any leachate samples using either direct or nested PCR. The SRB-specific 16S rDNA primers and probes described here can be applied to investigations of SRB molecular ecology in general, and can be further developed for examining SRB population composition in relation to landfill site performance.
Archival Security: A Personal and Circumstantial View (1976)

~ find my involvement in archival security most ironical, since my chief "background and training" in the subject has been to be the head of an archival agency which suffered a major theft.Had I been given a choice, I should have chosen almost any other method of learning more about this important and complex subject.Certainly I do not recommend my "training program" in archival security to anyone else!As a training method, its chief recommendation is that the subject captures your almost total attention for months and is never far out of your consciousness thereafter.Living for over two years with the ramifications of our theft also has made me intensely aware of the major national problem with archival theft.Archivists, of course, have been concerned from ancient times with security, since preservation of the materials in their charge is their most important duty.In the not-so-ancient times of the early 1960s when I joined the profession, as a member of the Archives Division of the Virginia State Library, I and my colleagues were taught a good deal about our responsibility to protect and preserve the materials in our care.Perhaps more emphasis was placed on protection from theft than on other kinds of preservation in my on-the-job training, for the Barrow Restoration Shop was adjacent to the staff workroom.The Shop handled the other sorts of preservation problems for us.
Expression of RAN, ZHX-2, and CHC1L genes in multiple myeloma patients and in myeloma cell lines treated with HDAC and Dnmts inhibitors (2010)

Real time PCR is a powerful tool for studying the expression of genes involved in the pathophysiology of human diseases. Recent studies of the RAN (6p21), ZHX-2 (8q24.3), CHC1L (13q14.3) loci highlight the importance of these genes in multiple myeloma (MM) prognosis and therapeutic applications. Here, we described a detailed Real-Time PCR method for the detection of RAN, ZHX-2, and CHC1L expression, which could be applied in clinical situations. The expression profiles of these genes were studied in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy individuals, patients suffering from MM, and in the myeloma cell line, MOLP-8. Low expression levels of RAN, ZHX-2, and CHC1L were observed in myeloma patients, compared with peripheral blood lymphocytes and MOLP-8 cells. An inhibitor of histone deacetylases (TSA) had the ability to decrease expression of CHC1L and ZHX-2 in MOLP-8 cells, while expression of RAN was relatively stable in peripheral blood lymphocytes, control MOLP-8, and TSA- or 5-azacytidine treated MOLP-8 cells. In myeloma patients, we observed significant decreases in the expression of selected genes, but it was patient-specific. Our experiments illustrate new methodological approaches and troubleshooting for conducting gene expression studies in clinical laboratories.
Drugs and Personality (1960)

In a previous paper in this series Eysenck, Holland and Trouton (1957) showed that the seen after-effects resulting from stimulation by means of a rotating spiral were increased very little by a stimulant drug and decreased significantly by a depressant drug. At that time there was little evidence that these aftereffects were in fact correlated, as the theory demanded, with extraversion and introversion. Since then two separate experiments dealing with normal and neurotic subjects respectively produced very strong evidence in favour of this hypothesis (Eysenck, 1960), and it seemed desirable to repeat the experiment in order to discover whether the failure of the stimulant drug in the first experiment to produce very positive results was merely a chance effect or was in fact a genuine failure of the theory.
Panoramic cone beam computed tomography (2012)

The authors have developed a panoramic CBCT technique and demonstrated with simulation data that it can image tumors of any location for patients of any size at the treatment position with comparable or less imaging dose and time. However, the image quality of this CBCT technique is sensitive to the reconstruction artifacts caused by imperfect image stitching. Better algorithms are therefore needed to improve the accuracy of image stitching for panoramic CBCT.
INTEGRATION OF THE CODE GENERATION APPROACH IN THE MODEL-BASED DEVELOPMENT PROCESS BY MEANS OF TOOL CERTIFICATION (2004)

The software and hardware quality of safety-critical embedded systems in avionics and the automotive sector is currently ensured by means of extensive assurance procedures (e.g. certification). The way embedded software is developed has changed, such that executable models are used from the early development stages up to implementation in order to design and verify the software behaviour desired (model-based development). New approaches allow the automatic generation of compact controller code directly from the software model via so-called code generators. For an application area, as can be found in the automotive industry for example, it would be desirable to integrate code generators into the model-based development process seamlessly. However, most code generators are not yet certified and therefore the code generated cannot provide the level of confidence needed for safety-related software. This paper proposes a testing approach for code generation tools and contributes to answering the question of how tools such as code generators can be integrated into the model-based development process by means of tool certification.
Automatic knowledge acquisition for spatial document interpretation (2002)

In this paper, a qualitative representation for the layout of structured documents as well as classes of documents is presented, which is established by means of supervised learning from a labeled training set of documents. For this formal representation, an inference algorithm has been developed, adopted from error-tolerant subgraph isomorphism, which assigns logic labels to the layout objects of a test document.
Mobile Medical Computing Driven by the Complexity of Neurologic Diagnosis (2006)

Medical computing has been split between palm-sized computers optimized for mobility and desktop computers optimized for capability. This split was due to technology too immature to deliver both mobility and capability in the same computer and the lack of medical software that demanded both mobility and capability. Advances in hardware and software are ushering in an era in which fully capable computers will be available ubiquitously. As a result, medical practice, education and publishing will change. Medical practice will be improved by the use of software that not only assists with diagnosis but can do so at the bedside, where the doctor can act immediately upon suggestions such as useful findings to check. Medical education will shift away from a focus on details of unusual diseases and toward a focus on skills of physical examination and using computerized tools. Medical publishing, in contrast, will shift toward greater detail: it will be increasingly important to quantitate the frequency of findings in diseases and their time course since such information can have a major impact clinically when added to decision support software.
The U.S.-Mexico Border Infectious Disease Surveillance Project: Establishing Binational Border Surveillance (2003)

In 1997, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Mexican Secretariat of Health, and border health officials began the development of the Border Infectious Disease Surveillance (BIDS) project, a surveillance system for infectious diseases along the U.S.-Mexico border. During a 3-year period, a binational team implemented an active, sentinel surveillance system for hepatitis and febrile exanthems at 13 clinical sites. The network developed surveillance protocols, trained nine surveillance coordinators, established serologic testing at four Mexican border laboratories, and created agreements for data sharing and notification of selected diseases and outbreaks. BIDS facilitated investigations of dengue fever in Texas-Tamaulipas and measles in California-Baja California. BIDS demonstrates that a binational effort with local, state, and federal participation can create a regional surveillance system that crosses an international border. Reducing administrative, infrastructure, and political barriers to cross-border public health collaboration will enhance the effectiveness of disease prevention projects such as BIDS.
Phase equilibria of cholesterol/dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine mixtures: deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance and differential scanning calorimetry (1990)

Deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry are used to map the phase boundaries of mixtures of cholesterol and chain-perdeuteriated 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine at concentrations from 0 to 25 mol % cholesterol. Three distinct phases can be identified: the L alpha or liquid-crystalline phase, the gel phase, and a high cholesterol concentration phase, which we call the beta phase. The liquid-crystalline phase is characterized by highly flexible phospholipid chains with rapid axially symmetric reorientation; the gel phase has much more rigid lipid chains, and the motions are no longer axially symmetric on the 2H NMR time scale; the beta phase is characterized by highly ordered (rigid) chains and rapid axially symmetric reorientation. In addition, we identify three regions of two-phase coexistence. The first of these is a narrow L alpha/gel-phase coexistence region lying between 0 and about 6 mol % cholesterol at temperatures just below the chain-melting transition of the pure phospholipid/water dispersions, at 37.75 degrees C. The dramatic changes in the 2H NMR line shape which occur on passing through the phase transition are used to map out the boundaries of this narrow two-phase region. The boundaries of the second two-phase region are determined by 2H NMR difference spectroscopy, one boundary lying near 7.5 mol % cholesterol and running from 37 down to at least 30 degrees C; the other boundary lies near 22 mol % cholesterol and covers the same temperature range. Within this region, the gel and beta phases coexist. As the temperature is lowered below about 30 degrees C, the phospholipid motions reach the intermediate time scale regime of 2H NMR so that spectral subtractions become difficult and unreliable. The third two-phase region lies above 37 degrees C, beginning at a eutectic point somewhere between 7.5 and 10 mol % cholesterol and ending at about 20 mol %. In this region, the L alpha and beta phases are in equilibrium. The boundaries for this region are inferred from differential scanning calorimetry traces, for the boundary between the L alpha- and the two-phase region, and from a dramatic sharpening of the NMR peaks on crossing the boundary between the two-phase region and the beta-phase region. In this region, the technique of difference spectroscopy fails, presumably because the diffusion rate in both the L alpha- and beta-phase domains is so rapid that phospholipid molecules exchange rapidly between domains on the experimental time scale.
Time delays and margins in gated radiotherapy (2009)

In gated radiotherapy, the accuracy of treatment delivery is determined by the accuracy with which both the imaging and treatment beams are gated. If the time delays (the time between the target entering/leaving the gated region and the first/last image acquired or treatment beam on/off) for the imaging and treatment systems are in the opposite directions, they may increase the required internal target volume (ITV) margin, above that indicated by the tolerance for either system measured individually. We measured a gating system's time delay on 3 fluoroscopy systems, and 3 linear accelerator treatment beams, using a motion phantom of known geometry, varying gating type (amplitude vs. phase), beam energy, dose rate, and period. The average beam on imaging time delays were -0.04 +/- 0.05 s (amplitude, 1 SD), -0.11 +/- 0.04 s (phase); while the average beam off imaging time delays were -0.18 +/- 0.08 s (amplitude) and -0.15 +/- 0.04 s (phase). The average beam on treatment time delays were 0.09 +/- 0.02 s (amplitude, 1 SD), 0.10 +/- 0.03 s (phase); while the average beam off time delays for treatment beams were 0.08 +/- 0.02 s (amplitude) and 0.07 +/- 0.02 s (phase). The negative value indicates the images were acquired early, and the positive values show the treatment beam was triggered late. We present a technique for calculating the margin necessary to account for time delays and found that the difference between the imaging and treatment time delays required a significant increase in the ITV margin in the direction of tumor motion at the gated level.