gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Starting Pulse Tester for High Pressure Sodium Systems (1976)

The authors discuss a device, the capacitor-neon pulse checker, that has been in use for some years, but they also discuss and compare a more accurate instrument, the electronic pulse checker. Data is also presented that relates starting to such factors as pulse amplitude, pulse width, pulse position, and pulse current.
Transient Overvoltages Caused by Monopolar Ground Fault on Bipolar DC Line: Theory and Simulation (1970)

A short circuit from one pole to ground on a bipolar overhead dc line can produce an overvoltage factor as high as 2.2 per unit on the unfaulted pole, which may cause flashover of line insulation, thus converting a monopolar fault into a bipolar one. This is undesirable because a bipolar fault causes a greater disturbance to the power system than does a monopolar fault.
Science Mass Communication (2001)

This article provides a conceptual history of science mass communication, which is seen as divided into the scientific literacy and interactive science traditions. The origins of the ideas that underlie the scientific literacy and interactive science traditions, as well as some of the issues researchers have raised, are introduced. The author argues the two traditions are not mutually exclusive, although the interactive tradition is a response to the applied problems within the scientific literacy model. It is argued that the pace of research might be accelerated if there were a more comprehensive collaboration among science communication, health communication, and risk communication scholarship.
The Effects of Using Artificial Sweeteners and Coffee Grounds in Chocolate Filling on Quality Characteristics and Glycemic Index (2014)

Chocolate is restricted for obese and diabetic patients due to high in sugar contents. We investigated shell-chocolate fillings with low calorie content and low glycemic indexes using alternative sweeteners such as tagatose and xylose and adding coffee grounds. Chocolate filling was made with sugar, cacao and butter in the original recipe. Sugar was substituted with tagatose or xylose and 3% coffee ground was added in each chocolate filling and substituted for 3% of the cocoa. Water retention and spreadability of the chocolate filling was significantly higher in the tagatose+coffee ground group in comparison to the sugar. In the chromaticity test, chocolate filling made with tagatose was darker in comparison to that made with sugar: brightness (L) was lower and redness (a) and yellowness (b) were higher than the sugar filling. Sensory evaluation revealed that chocolate filling made with tagatose had high score in 4 categories such as taste, smell, texture of foreign substance, overall acceptance. After consuming 60 g of the chocolate with different fillings, blood glucose levels of subjects at 1 and 2 h were significantly lower in the tagatose and tagatose+coffee ground groups than the other groups. In conclusion, using tagatose as the sweetener in chocolate filling has a beneficial effect on lowering blood glucose levels and increasing water retention, spreadability and sensory scores. Coffee ground did not have additive effect on quality of chocolate filling and blood glucose levels. These results indicate that shell chocolate made with tagatose can be used as a snack for diabetic patients.
A light and electron microscopic examination of budgerigar fledgling disease virus in tissue and in cell culture (1982)

Morphological changes induced by a newly described avian virus in budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) tissues were examined with light and electron microscopes. Infected cells viewed with the light microscope were found to have enlarged nuclei containing marginated chromatin. Cytoplasmic contents were frequently clear in appearance. Tissues affected included skin, feather, follicle, kidney, uropygial gland, crop, lung, liver, heart, bone marrow, spleen and brain. Serum from infected birds contained viral particles. No tumours were found in affected birds. Electron microscopy demonstrated viral particles that were naked, predominantly icosehedral, and 42-49 nm in diameter. Occasional elongate forms of the virions were seen in kidney tissue. Small groups of virions were occasionally enclosed within nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes. Viral particles were observed in chicken embryo fibroblast cultures 18 hours post-inoculation. The particles first appeared in swollen nuclei and subsequently were found in the cytoplasm of more senescent cells. Cytoplasmic disruption and swollen rough endoplasmic reticulum were also observed in infected cells. Negatively stained preparations of the fluid from infected chicken embryo fibroblast cultures contained typical cubic viral particles as well as elongate forms similar to those seen in excised tissue preparations.
Table of recommended rate constraints for chemical reactions occurring in combustion (1979)

table of recommended rate constants for gas phase chemical reactions occurring in combustion is presented. Specifically, it gives in tabular form the values of the parameters for the modified Arrhenius equation k = AT exp(-E/RT). The table covers reactions occurring in the combustion, oxidation and decomposition of aliphatic saturated or unsaturated C^to C^q hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, thiols, ethers, peroxides, amines amides and their free radicals, as well as the reactions of 0 , 0 ^, H, H2, OH, H^O, H2O2, N, N2, NO, N2O, NO2. N20^, N20g, S, S2, SH, SO, SO2. SOH, NS, with each other. The table includes I69 first order reactions 782 second order reactions and 57 third order reactions. There are 1770 entries covering IOO8 distinct chemical reactions. These recommendations have been taken from eleven evaluations and critical reviews published between 1970 and 1976.
Solar electric concentrators with small concentration ratios: field experience and new developments (2003)

Based on the experience from PV V-trough concentrators for medium to large scale power stations a new concentrator system (ARCHIMEDES) with passive tracking adapted for small decentralized applications has been developed. The PV receiver is optimized for operation at 2/spl times/ with standard one sun solar cells. An improved thermohydraulic drive reaches a tracking accuracy better than /spl plusmn/1 deg. The system is designed for efficient water pumping and is in operation and under test in Germany, Spain and Greece since summer 2000 and reached annual PV energy harvests above 3000 kWh per installed kWp. Field test results are reported and the technical and economic potential of PV systems with small concentration ratios is addressed.
The melatonin rhythm-generating enzyme: molecular regulation of serotonin N-acetyltransferase in the pineal gland. (1997)

A remarkably constant feature of vertebrate physiology is a daily rhythm of melatonin in the circulation, which serves as the hormonal signal of the daily light/dark cycle: melatonin levels are always elevated at night. The biochemical basis of this hormonal rhythm is one of the enzymes involved in melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland-the melatonin rhythm-generating enzyme-serotonin N-acetyltransferase (arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, AA-NAT, E.C. 2.3.1.87). In all vertebrates, enzyme activity is high at night. This reflects the influences of internal circadian clocks and of light. The dynamics of this enzyme are remarkable. The magnitude of the nocturnal increase in enzyme activity ranges from 7- to 150-fold on a species-to-species basis among vertebrates. In all cases the nocturnal levels of AA-NAT activity decrease very rapidly following exposure to light. A major advance in the study of the molecular basis of these changes was the cloning of cDNA encoding the enzyme. This has resulted in rapid progress in our understanding of the biology and structure of AA-NAT and how it is regulated. Several constant features of this enzyme have become apparent, including structural features, tissue distribution, and a close association of enzyme activity and protein. However, some remarkable differences among species in the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating the enzyme have been discovered. In sheep, AA-NAT mRNA levels show relatively little change over a 24-hour period and changes in AA-NAT activity are primarily regulated at the protein level. In the rat, AA-NAT is also regulated at a protein level; however, in addition, AA-NAT mRNA levels exhibit a 150-fold rhythm, which reflects cyclic AMP-dependent regulation of expression of the AA-NAT gene. In the chicken, cyclic AMP acts primarily at the protein level and a rhythm in AA-NAT mRNA is driven by a noncyclic AMP-dependent mechanism linked to the clock within the pineal gland. Finally, in the trout, AA-NAT mRNA levels show little change and activity is regulated by light acting directly on the pineal gland. The variety of mechanisms that have evolved among vertebrates to achieve the same goal-a rhythm in melatonin-underlines the important role melatonin plays as the hormonal signal of environmental lighting in vertebrates.
Network modelling of traction substation transformers for studying unbalance effects (1995)

The paper presents network mathematical models of traction substation transformers for simulation of the unbalance effects, due to railway demands, on the power supply system. The admittance models consider winding connections and phase-angle displacement between primary and secondary voltage. The proposed models are presented for the single-phase, V- and Scott connections of transformers used in, among other places, high-speed railway stations.
Forced Convection Condensation on a Horizontal Tube—Experiments With Vertical Downflow of Steam (1989)

The paper reports an experimental investigation into the condensation of steam flowing vertically downward over a single horizontal tube. A limited number of experiments with steam-nitrogen mixtures are also reported. For the case of “pure” steam, data have been obtained at near atmospheric pressure for vapor approach velocities in the range 5 to 81 m/s and with superheats in the range 2 to 40 K. The results are compared with theory and earlier experimental data for steam and other fluids. The vapor-side heat transfer coefficients were found to increase with velocity. For vapor velocities in excess of 30 m/s, the rate of increase of the vapor-side coefficient was greater than predicted by laminar condensate flow theory. This behavior has also been observed by earlier workers for refrigerant-113 and ethylene glycol and may indicate onset of turbulence in the condensate film. Superheat had insignificant effect on the heat transfer coefficient for the condensate film. The results for steam-nitrogen mixtures were generally in good agreement with existing equations for the “gas-layer” resistance.
Comparative study of selected lime requirement methods for some acid Ghanaian soils (1995)

Abstract The acid soils of the western region of Ghana which hitherto have been relegated to forest and tree crops production are becoming increasingly important for agricultural food crop production in the country. However, on account of their strongly acidic properties, there is the need to apply agricultural lime to the soils to improve upon their productivity. At present, however, information on the lime requirement and appropriate liming practice for these soils is lacking. The objective of this study was to compare the suitability of selected chemical methods for the determination of the lime requirement to predict lime needs of these naturally occurring acid soils. The lime requirement of six acid soils were determined by calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] titration, exchangeable aluminum (Al), and Shoemaker, McLean, and Pratt (SMP) buffer methods. Correlation analysis showed that all the methods were highly correlated with one another. The SMP method was found to be somewhat better than either exchangeable Al or Ca(OH)2 titration method for estimating the lime requirement of the soils. Hence, the SMP method is recommended for use as the diagnostic index of lime requirement of these soils because of its speed and simplicity. Regression studies on the lime requirement values by the three methods and selected soil properties showed that exchangeable Al and organic carbon were the most important soil factors contributing to the lime requirement of these soils. Clay content was significantly correlated only with the Ca(OH)2‐based lime requirement values (r = 0.81*).
An Integrated Market and Credit Risk Portfolio Model (1999)

We present a multi-step model to measure portfolio credit risk that integrates exposure simulation and portfolio credit risk techniques. Thus, it overcomes the major limitation currently shared by portfolio models with derivatives. Specifically, the model is an improvement over current portfolio credit risk models in three main aspects. First, it defines explicitly the joint evolution of market factors and credit drivers over time. Second, it models directly stochastic exposures through simulation, as in counterparty credit exposure models. Finally, it extends the Merton model of default to multiple steps. The model is computationally efficient because it combines a Mark-to-Future framework of counterparty exposures and a conditional default probability framework. Credit risk modeling is one of the most important topics in risk management and finance today. The last decade has seen the development of models for pricing credit risky instruments and derivatives, for assessing the credit worthiness ofm obligors, for managing exposures of derivatives and for computing portfolio credit losses for bonds and loan portfolios. In light of these financial innovations and modeling advances the Basle Committee on Banking Supervision has taken the first steps to amend current regulation and is reviewing the applicability of internal credit risk models for regulatory capital (Basle Committee on Banking Supervision, 1999a, 1999b). However, common practice still treats market and credit risk separately. When measuring market risk, credit risk is commonly not taken into account; when measuring portfolio credit risk, the market is assumed to be constant. The two risks are then “added ” in ad hoc ways, resulting in an incomplete picture of risk. There are two categories of credit risk
Corrosion of Stainless Steel During Acetate Production (1996)

Corrosion of types 304, 304L, 316, and 316L (UNS S30400, S30403, S31600, and S31603, respectively) stainless steel (SS) during the esterification of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and alcohol or glycol ether was investigated. The catalyst for this reaction, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) or para-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA), was shown to cause more corrosion on reactor equipment than CH3COOH under the process conditions commonly practiced in industry. The corrosive action of the catalyst occurred only in the presence of water. Thus, for the batch processes, corrosion occurred mostly during the initial stage of esterification, where water produced by the reaction created an aqueous environment. After water was distilled off, the corrosion rate declined to a negligible value. The corrosion inhibitor copper sulfate (CuSO4), often used in industrial acetate processes, was found to work well for a low-temperature process (&lt; 95°C) such as in production of butyl acetate, but it accelerated corrosion in the glycol ether acetate processes where temperatures were &gt; 108°C. Process conditions that imparted low corrosion rates were determined.
The distributed studio (2008)

Virtual environments intended to support creative collaboration are being built without an informed consideration of the implicit interaction design choices being made. This paper proposes a set of design principles for such environments. Drawing from theory and reflective practice we suggest a conceptual focus on a Distributed Studio designed around the following five principles: Support Reconfiguration, Mix Realities, Control Access, Be A/Synchronous, and Transform Space into Inhabited Place.
Fault-tolerant control and optimal operation of redundant robotic manipulators (2002)

The transformations between the (Cartesian) p-space, the (joint) q-space of a manipulator and a (reduced dimensional) /spl mu/-space are first presented. On the basis of the reduced order model in the /spl mu/-space, a low-dimensional torque control is determined. For implementation, it is transformed into the q-space while constraints are taken into account. It is then demonstrated that the foregoing transformation can be determined so that a well-defined performance criterion is optimized. The proposed approaches are illustrated by simulations.
Diastolic properties of the hypertrophied left ventricle in spontaneously hypertensive rats (1983)

The influence of myocardial hypertrophy on left ventricular volume compliance was studied in vitro in isolated hearts of 4 and 19 month old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). In both SHR groups diastolic volume compliance was similar to that in the controls, despite the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy. This seems to be mainly due to an altered geometric situation, since with increased wall thickness to internal radius ratio (w/ri), which was at hand, the less are outer myocardial layers stretched at a given increase in ventricular volume. This may imply that these layers will only little interfere with luminal distension (and thereby with diastolic volume compliance) in SHR. It was also observed that the progressive increase of ventricular hypertrophy from 4 to 19 months of age did not further increase w/ri in SHR, indicating an increase in overall ventricular size with age. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was also measured in conscious 5 week and 4 month old SHR compared with matched controls. LVEDP increased with the development of hypertension and was significantly elevated in 4 month old SHR. This will increase also the average diastolic pre-stretch of the SHR left ventricle and mobilize the "Starling mechanism" to maintain a normal stroke volume against the increased afterload for the heart in established hypertension. This seems particularly important since the hypertrophic w/ri increase (about 20%) is smaller than the great elevation of mean arterial pressure (40-50%) in SHR.
A complete two-plane camera calibration method and experimental comparisons (2002)

For both 3-D reconstruction and prediction of image coordinates, cameras can be calibrated implicitly without involving their physical parameters. The authors present a two-plane method for such a complete calibration, which models all kinds of lens distortions. First, the modeling is done in a general case without imposing the pinhole constraint. Epipolar curves considering lens distortions are introduced and are found in a closed form. Then, a set of constraints of perspectivity is derived to constrain the modeling process. With these constraints, the camera physical parameters can be related directly to the modeling parameters. Extensive experimental comparisons of the methods with the classic photogrammetric method and Tsai's method relating to the aspects of 3-D measurement, the effect of the number of calibration points, and the prediction of image coordinates, are made using real images from 15 different depth values.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Feature weighting methods for abstract features applicable to motion based video indexing (2004)

Content based labels, associated with image sequences in contemporary video indexing methods, can be textual, numerical as well as abstract, including colour-histograms and motion co-occurrence matrices. Abstract features or indices are not explicitly numeric entities but rather are composed of numeric entities. When multiple abstract features are involved, distance metrics between image sequences need to be weighted. Most feature weighting methods in the literature assume that the space is numeric (either discrete or continuous) and so not applicable to abstract feature weighting. This paper elaborates some feature weighting methods applicable to abstract features and both binary (feature selection) and real-valued weighting methods are discussed. The performance of different feature selection and weighting methods are provided and a comparative study based on motion classification-experiments is presented.
Influence of the Ecological Cultivation of Strawberries (<i>Fragaria</i> × <i>Ananassa</i> Cv. Chandler) on the Quality of the Fruit and on Their Capacity for Conservation (1997)

The quality of strawberries cultivated ecologically has been studied and compared to that of conventionally cultivated strawberries. The fruits from the two groups were grown in adjacent plots under identical environmental conditions. The quality parameters analyzed were both physical and chemical. The organoleptic characteristics of both types of fruit have been evaluated by a taste panel. By means of a simulation trial possible differences between changes in the quality of the fruits from each group during transportation and shelf life have been examined. The results show that the ecologically grown fruit had a superior quality to the conventionally grown fruit, the former showing a more intense color, higher sugar, and dry matter contents and better organoleptic characteristics. Ecologically grown fruits had a higher resistance to deterioration during simulated marketing conditions and thus a better degree of conservation. Keywords: Fragaria × ananassa; ecological cultivation; quality; conservation
Patent Grants Broad Protection To Enzymatic Carbohydrate Synthesis (1993)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTPatent Grants Broad Protection To Enzymatic Carbohydrate Synthesis▪ But concerns arise about underlying technique and its use to justify coverage of technology not invented by patenteeSTU BORMANView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1993, 71, 13, 24–27Publication Date (Print):March 29, 1993Publication History Published online11 November 2010Published inissue 29 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v071n013.p024https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v071n013.p024newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1993 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views4Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Carbohydrates,Chemical synthesis Get e-Alerts
Apoptotic Signaling Pathways in Uteri of Rats with Endometrial Hyperplasia Induced by Ovariectomy Combined with Estrogen (2013)

In the rat model of endometrial hyperplasia induced by ovariectomy with pharmacological estrogen add-back treatment, survivin, caspase-3 and Fas/FasL signaling pathways play an important role in regulating the apoptosis of glandular cells in uteri.