gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutrophils convert tyrosyl residues in albumin to chlorotyrosine (1996)

Hypochlorous acid chlorinates tyrosyl residues in small peptides to produce chlorotyrosine. Detection of chlorotyrosine has the potential to unequivocally identify the contribution hypochlorous acid makes to inflammation. I have developed a selective and sensitive HPLC assay for measuring chlorotyrosine. When albumin was exposed to reagent hypochlorous acid, or that produced by myeloperoxidase and stimulated neutrophils, tyrosyl residues in the protein were converted to chlorotyrosine. About 2% of the hypochlorous acid generated by neutrophils was accounted for by the formation of chlorotyrosine. These results demonstrate that chlorotyrosine will be a useful marker for establishing a role for hypochlorous acid in host defence and inflammation.
Journal of Medical Case Reports: the first 100 cases (2008)

The Journal of Medical Case Reports was launched in February 2007. In the calendar year 2007, 185 peer-reviewed case reports were published in the journal. The content of the first 100 manuscripts accepted for publication has been analysed. This analysis shows the great diversity in the cases being published in this journal.
A lateral COMFET made in thin silicon-on-insulator film (1986)

Lateral conductivity-modulated FET's (COMFET's) have been fabricated using a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS process. High-speed low-voltage CMOS and medium-voltage COMFET's have thus been produced on the same chips. The COMFET's have a 80-V blocking capability in both the forward and reverse modes. Turn-off times of a few microseconds are obtained, which is comparable to values obtained in bulk COMFET's. Due to the thinness of the silicon film in which the devices are made, the linear current density is limited to approximately 10 µA/µm.
두경부 암 환자의 경부 림프절 전이 분석 (1997)

목 적 : 두경부 암 환자에서 경부 림프절 전이 가능성이 높아지는 것은 원발병소의 해부학적위치 및 특성, 원발병소의 크기 즉 병기와 조직병리학적 종류 따라 영향을 받는다. 두경부 암 환자에서 경부 림프절의 전이 양상은 다른 나라에서 분석, 연구되어 있고, 현재 두경부 암 환자 치료와 처치를 이를 기조로 하여 사용한다. 그러나, 두경부 암 환자에 대한 경부...
Study of three-axis acceleration sensor calibration method (2011)

Acceleration is the important data sources of vehicle safety study,and the acquisition of reliable acceleration parameter requires the high precision acceleration sensor.The corresponding acceleration sensor calibration model and model solution algorithm are designed for the basic calibration of three-axis acceleration sensor,aiming at the revising problem of axis not vertical.The precision of acceleration sensor after calibrated and before calibrated are compared through the actual test to verify the availability of calibration method.After the calibration,the multi-axis acceleration sensor error caused by axis not vertical to each other can be reduced to less than 2 %,and this meets the needs of a variety of practical engineering measurement.
On False Blocking in RTS/CTS-Based Multihop Wireless Networks (2007)

The request-to-send/clear-to-send (RTS/CTS) mechanism is widely used in wireless networks in order to avoid packet collisions and, thus, achieve high network throughput. In multihop settings, however, current implementations of the RTS/CTS mechanism may lead to interdependencies that unnecessarily prohibit nodes from transmitting over long periods of time. We refer to this problem as "false blocking." In this paper, we describe and analyze the false blocking problem in detail. We show that false blocking can lead to a significant performance degradation in a variety of topologies and, possibly, to network-wide congestion as well. We propose a backward-compatible solution to the false blocking problem, called the RTS validation. We model and analyze the performance of RTS validation under general traffic and topology settings and show that it achieves a considerable reduction in the probability of false blocking. Furthermore, we carry out extensive simulations that validate our analysis and show that the RTS validation stabilizes the throughput at high load and increases its peak value, sometimes by as much as 50%
Printed electronics : the next inkjet revolution (2003)

Thesis (S.M.M.O.T.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Management of Technology Program, 2003.
Single-Step Synthesis of 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroindolizines via Annulation of 2-Formylpiperidine and 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds (2015)

An expedient single-step synthesis of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroindolizines has been achieved via the annulation of commercially available 2-formylpiperidine hydrochloride and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in THF in the presence of pyrrolidine and 4 Å molecular sieves. A variety of β-ketoesters, ketones, and amides participated in this annulation chemistry, affording the desired 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroindolizines in moderate to good yields.
Experimental Assessment of Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide (2011)

With the increasingly stringent controls being placed on the use of hydrazine and its derivatives, “green” propellants such as hydrogen peroxide are receiving much interest from the space industry. This paper describes the development of an instrumented catalyst bed used to assess the performance and lifetime of catalysts used to promote the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. The catalyst bed design and preliminary findings are described. Two catalysts have been tested with 87.5% concentration hydrogen peroxide: 0.5% platinum on alumina pellets and silver gauze. The preliminary results show that the 0.5% platinum pellets have a higher performance, achieving a steady state decomposition efficiency of 95.4%, with neither catalyst showing signs of exhaustion.
Water-packing techniques successful in gravel packing high-angle wells (1991)

Prepacking and water packing techniques were successful in gravel packing the long, highly deviated completion intervals (up to 445 ft at angles approaching 70{degrees}) in the wells on the Lena guyed tower, located in the Gulf of Mexico. During 8 rig-years of operations, these techniques were used for both single and multizone completions. While some operators consider this technology antiquated, field experience at Lena demonstrates that water packing results in high-performance completions.
A 20-GHz Integrated Balanced Mixer (1971)

An integrated balanced mixer for use in the receiver for the quasi-millimeter-wave digital radio transmission system is described. The following aspects of the mixer realization are discussed. 1) The characteristics of gallium arsenide Schottky barrier diodes and three types of diode mount construction are described. The least observed dc incremental conversion loss was about 4 dB in the range of 18-23 GHz. 2) The fabrication of waveguide to microstrip transition, using a ridged waveguide transducer, is described. A transition loss of less than 0.38 dB was obtained in the range of 18-21.75 GHz. 3) The microstrip circuit elements, such as the 3-dB directional coupler and the low-pass filter, are described. The minimum isolation and coupling values of the coupler were about 16 dB and 3-4 dB, respectively. 4) The effect of the undesirable electromagnetic mode propagation on the integrated mixer operations is discussed. 5) The performance of the integrated balanced mixer is presented. This mixer, operated at a signal frequency of 20 /spl plus mn/0.5 GHz and at a local oscillator frequency of 18.3 GHz, showed a single side-band noise figure of 4.8-5.8 dB. 6) The reliability of the mixer is also evaluated with high reliability under vibration and shock testing being exhibited.
Disposable Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensors Using Screen-Printed Nickel/Carbon Composites on Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes (2015)

Disposable screen-printed nickel/carbon composites on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes (DSPNCE) were developed for the detection of glucose without enzymes. The DSPNCE were prepared by screen-printing the ITO substrate with a 50 wt% nickel/carbon composite, followed by curing at 400 °C for 30 min. The redox couple of Ni(OH)₂/NiOOH was deposited on the surface of the electrodes via cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning from 0-1.5 V for 30 cycles in 0.1 M NaOH solution. The DSPNCE were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical methods. The resulting electrical currents, measured by CV and chronoamperometry at 0.65 V vs. Ag/AgCl, showed a good linear response with glucose concentrations from 1.0-10 mM. Also, the prepared electrodes showed no interference from common physiologic interferents such as uric acid (UA) or ascorbic acid (AA). Therefore, this approach allowed the development of a simple, disposable glucose biosensor.
What is a fungus? (2016)

Abstract ‘What is a fungus?’ explores the evolutionary origins of fungi and how they differ from plants and animals. The fungi are united by three principal characteristics: they are eukaryotes, which feed by absorption, and reproduce by forming spores. Fungi are more closely related to animals than they are to plants; fungi and animals both belong to the Opisthokonta taxonomic supergroup. The emergence of the fungi as a distinctive group of organisms is estimated to have happened between 760 million years ago and one billion years ago. The structure, growth, and physiology of the fungal cell are also described.
A Study of West Virginia Teachers: Using 21st Century Tools to Teach in a 21st Century Context (2008)

A Study of West Virginia Teachers: Using 21 st Century Tools to Teach in a 21 st Century Context Technology integration is reinforced not only by the National Educational Technology Standards but also the West Virginia Technology Standards, making teachers more accountable to use technology in their daily teaching practice. Because West Virginia has established a partnership with the Partnership for 21 st Century Skills, West Virginia teachers are being encouraged to change instruction to meet the needs of 21 st century learners. This includes being more student-centered by integrating instructional technologies to more actively engage students. By determining the frequency of integration of 21 st century technology tools to create a 21 st century context for learning and the factors that influence them, West Virginia has valuable information for promoting systemic change. This study found that West Virginia teachers frequently use few 21 st century technology tools, seldom use 21 st century technology tools to create a 21 st century context for learning, and identified supports and barriers that enable or prohibit their use of technology. In addition, the teachers provided examples of technology activities in which they frequently engage their students. The results provide the foundation on which to build professional development that will lead transformational change in technology integration in West Virginia schools.
The Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Met and Its Ligand Hepatocyte Growth Factor are Clustered at Excitatory Synapses and Can Enhance Clustering of Synaptic Proteins (2006)

The receptor protein tyrosine kinase Met and its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor, regulate cellular morphology, intercellular adhesion, and interactions among junctional proteins in numerous cell types. However, they have not been extensively studied in the central nervous system. We report that Met is clustered at excitatory synapses and that treatment of neurons with hepatocyte growth factor can enhance expression and clustering of synaptic proteins. We demonstrate that Met is present in clusters that strongly colocalize with the NR2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, PSD-95 and synapsin at excitatory synapses of hippocampal neurons in vitro. We also show that Met is clustered at the postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses in the CA1 region of the hippocampus with the use of immuno-electron microscopy. Hepatocyte growth factor also forms clusters that partially colocalize with PSD-95. Treatment of cultured neurons with exogenous hepatocyte growth factor increased expression of the NR2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and the GluR1 subunit of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate receptor. The size and number of clusters of these proteins were also increased at sites along dendrites in response to hepatocyte growth factor. These results suggest a novel role for Met and hepatocyte growth factor in regulating synapses.
Using Ultrasound For Restoring Iron Activity In Permeable Treatment Walls (2001)

The application of ultrasonic energy to rejuvenate iron surfaces in a permeable treatment wells to enhance/restore the rate of trichloroethylene (TCE) degradation is studied. Iron taken from all depths showed an improvement after field application of ultrasound. Rate constants improved from 21 to 67% compared to samples taken before ultrasound treatment. Exposure time and power used are both important aspects of treatment. As corrosion products and precipitates build up on the surface, the reaction with TCE is diminished because the unoccupied surface area is decreased. Ultrasound was demonstrated to remove corrosion products, precipitates, and other debris from the iron surface. This served to increase the available iron surface and improve the rate of the dehalogenation reaction. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 221st ACS National Meeting (San Diego, CA 4/1-5/2001).
A Study of Applying Grey Predictive Module into Sales Revenue Prediction of Convenience Chain Stores an Investigation of 7-ELEVEn and FamilyMart (2009)

The objective of this study is to build a Grey Method used for the measurement of sales revenue of 7-ELEVEn and FamilyMart. Meanwhile, this study aims to process Grey Method Analysis on sales revenue in the period from 2009 to 2013 and progressively provide enterprises or investors with references for the development of convenience chain stores. Subjects applied in this study consist of the sales revenues of 7-ELEVEn and FamilyMart. This research is designed to examine the comparison analysis on these two convenience chain stores by means of such data-analysis methods as GM (1,1), RGM(superscript +) (1,1) , RGM(superscript −) (1, 1), Nonlinear Bernoulli Module, GM (1, 1) revised by Tan, and Multiple Regression Analysis. With the assistance of data analysis, this study has made it positive to prove that the pre-test results under different module applications are perceived as remained. Accordingly, under the application of top-five modules, the pre-test outcome indicates that the growth rate of 7-ELEVEn in next five years is more than 1.04% and less than 4.82%. Meanwhile, that of FamilyMart in next five years is more than 6.63% and less than 8.01%. With the understanding of growth rate estimation, enterprises could take the outcome released in this study into consideration associated with consumer market and business administration.
Introducing specific antibodies into electropermeabilized cells is a valuable tool for eliminating specific cell functions (1997)

A technique is established for the role of intracellular proteins to be eliminated and thereby gives information about their specific role in signal transduction within cells. Rat pancreatic islets as well as INS-1 cells (an insulin secreting cell line) were electrically permeabilized in order to introduce high molecular weight compounds. Optimized conditions were five exposures with 15-s intervals, τ=200 ms, an electric field of 1·36 kV per 0·4 cm in a specific permeabilization buffer at a calculated Ca++ concentration of 5×10−8 M. In electroporation control experiments the spectrophotometrically measured uptake of the cell membrane-impermeable propidium iodide, FITC-labelled dextran (MW∼4000) and FITC-labelled antibodies (MW∼150,000) was established as being 81·5±5·0, 82·7±3·0 and 81·0±1·0 per cent of maximum, respectively. These data were corroborated qualitatively by visualizing microscopically the fluorescence of the FITC-labelled compounds in islets as well as in INS-1 cells. The cells appear to reseal since control experiments indicated a short-lived outflow of lactate dehydrogenase (MW of 140,000 which is similar to that of antibodies) and of insulin for the first 15–20 min. After electroporation the cells were functionally intact, i.e. responded to the stimulus carbachol (CCh). Only 18·0±10·1 per cent of cells had not resealed after 2 h (propidium iodide uptake measured at various time intervals after electroporation). As was shown recently the effect of specific compounds such as CCh and CCK8 on insulin release was eliminated selectively by antibodies against specific G proteins thus proving this method to be a valuable tool. In conclusion, adding antibodies to electrically permeabilized cells is a valuable tool for eliminating a specific cell function in order to elucidate the specific role of intracellular compounds. This method can probably be used for testing the specific role of other proteins in cell functions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eco-tourism value and utilization design of constructed wetland park. (2011)

The paper had emphasized that constructed wetland park was a win-win artificial tourist program integrating wetland function and park function and springing up exuberantly at present,and highlighted that it possessed good landscape effect and eco-tourism value in addition to treatment of water pollution and recovery of ecological environment.From the perspectives of ornamental value,science popularization and environmental education value,and multiple experience value,it had analyzed eco-tourism value of constructed wetland park and pointed out that the important approach for maximum display of its eco-tourism value was to well design and build constructed wetland park or constructed wetland eco-tourist area.Furthermore,by taking constructed wetland park for example,the paper had discussed design and utilization of eco-tourism value of constructed wetland park,highlighted three aspects covering perfection of landscape creation and leisure facilities,display of popular science education,design and organization of experience activity,so as to bring the comprehensive value of constructed wetland park into full play and promote healthy development of eco-tourism in constructed wetland park.
A revision of the genus <i>Trichoderma</i>. II. Infrageneric classification (1991)

The genus Trichoderma Pers.:Fr. is defined to include anamorphs of Hypocrea, previously placed in Gliocladium and Verticillium, having elongate phialides and irregularly branched conidiophores. A sectional classification is proposed for Trichoderma recognizing the following five sections: section Trichoderma, section Longibrachiatum Bissett, section Saturnisporum Doi et al., section Pachybasium (Sacc.) stat.nov., and section Hypocreanum sect.nov. Trichoderma lactea sp.nov. is described, typifying section Hypocreanum. The species in section Trichoderma have narrow and flexuous conidiophores and branches, with branches and phialides uncrowded, frequently paired, and seldom with more than three elements in a whorl. Section Pachybasium includes species with highly ramified conidiophores that are often aggregated into compact fascicles or pustules and with relatively short, broad branches bearing inflated phialides in crowded verticils. Section Hypocreanum accommodates Trichoderma anamorphs of Hypocrea that have effuse conidiation, sparingly branched conidiophores, and cylindrical to subulate phialides. The placement of existing Trichoderma species, species aggregates, and some anamorphs of Hypocrea in the five sections is discussed, and a key is provided to differentiate the sections of Trichoderma. Key words: Trichoderma, sectional classification, Hypocrea, Gliocladium.
Human Lung Immunity against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> : Insights into Pathogenesis and Protection (2010)

The study of human pulmonary immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) provides a unique window into the biological interactions between the human host and M.tb within the broncho-alveolar microenvironment, the site of natural infection. Studies of bronchoalveolar cells (BACs) and lung tissue evaluate innate, adaptive, and regulatory immune mechanisms that collectively contribute to immunological protection or its failure. In aerogenically M.tb-exposed healthy persons lung immune responses reflect early host pathogen interactions that may contribute to sterilization, the development of latent M.tb infection, or progression to active disease. Studies in these persons may allow the identification of biomarkers of protective immunity before the initiation of inflammatory and disease-associated immunopathological changes. In healthy close contacts of patients with tuberculosis (TB) and during active pulmonary TB, immune responses are compartmentalized to the lungs and characterized by an exuberant helper T-cell type 1 response, which as suggested by recent evidence is counteracted by local suppressive immune mechanisms. Here we discuss how exploring human lung immunity may provide insights into disease progression and mechanisms of failure of immunological protection at the site of the initial host-pathogen interaction. These findings may also aid in the identification of new biomarkers of protective immunity that are urgently needed for the development of new and the improvement of current TB vaccines, adjuvant immunotherapies, and diagnostic technologies. To facilitate further work in this area, methodological and procedural approaches for bronchoalveolar lavage studies and their limitations are also discussed.
Implementation of an embedded omni-directional mobile robot with active caster wheels (2007)

This work deals with a motion planning algorithm of an omni-directional mobile robot with active caster wheels. A typical problem occurred in the motion control, which has been identified through experimental experiences, is skidding of the mobile wheel. It sometimes results in uncertain rotation of the steering wheel. This is due to mismatching between the command and the mechanical hardware. To cope with this problem, a motion planning algorithm pursuing the natural configuration of the mobile wheel was mainly investigated, which resolves the skidding problem and uncertain motions of the steering wheel. Through simulations and experimentation, the feasibility of this algorithm was verified.