gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parameter selection for total-variation-based image restoration using discrepancy principle (2011)

There are two key issues in successfully solving the image restoration problem: 1) estimation of the regularization parameter that balances data fidelity with the regularity of the solution and 2) development of efficient numerical techniques for computing the solution. In this paper, we derive a fast algorithm that simultaneously estimates the regularization parameter and restores the image. The new approach is based on the total-variation (TV) regularized strategy and Morozov's discrepancy principle. The TV norm is represented by the dual formulation that changes the minimization problem into a minimax problem. A proximal point method is developed to compute the saddle point of the minimax problem. By adjusting the regularization parameter adaptively in each iteration, the solution is guaranteed to satisfy the discrepancy principle. We will give the convergence proof of our algorithm and numerically show that it is better than some state-of-the-art methods in terms of both speed and accuracy.
Inner products involving differences: the meixner—sobolev polynomials (2000)

In this paper, polynomials which are orthogonal with respect to the inner product where 0<μ<1, γ>0 and λ≥0 are studied. For these polynomials, algebraic properties and difference equations are obtained as well as their relation with the Meixner polynomials. Moreover, some properties about the zeros of these polynomials are deduced.
From Paper Manual to AR Manual: Do We Still Need Text? (2017)

In this work, we proposed a method to reduce text in technical documentation, aiming at Augmented Reality manuals, where text must be reduced as much as possible. In fact, most of technical information is conveyed through other means such as CAD models, graphic signs, images, etc.. The method classifies technical instructions into two categories: instructions that can be presented with graphic symbols and instructions that should be presented with text. It is based on the analysis of the action verbs used in the instruction, and makes use of ASD Simplified Technical English (STE) for remaining text instructions and let them easier to translate into other languages.
Commercial Premixed Parenteral Nutrition: Is It Right for Your Institution? (2009)

Two-compartment premixed parenteral nutrition (PN) products are heavily promoted in the United States. These products may present safety advantages over PN solutions mixed by a local pharmacy, although clinical data to support this assertion are scarce. Multicompartment products can be labor-saving for pharmacy and therefore may be cost-effective for some institutions. Before adopting such products for use, an institution must determine that standardized PN solutions are acceptable for many or most of their patients compared with customized PN compounded specifically for individual patients. A larger selection of premixed products is available in Europe and some other parts of the world compared with the United States. Availability of a broader selection of products in the United States, including 3-compartment bags and a wider range of macronutrient concentrations and volumes, may make the use of such products more desirable in the future.
Particle image-resolution test object. (1983)

A blur definition and measurement technique for high-subject-contrast image resolution is proposed. A new test object utilizing the blur principle has been developed and feasibility tested. In developing this new test object, tests of various sizes and concentrations of small plastic particles in a gelatin base were performed. Optimum particle sizes and concentrations were selected for the popular clinical transducer frequencies. Test images were obtained with static and real-time transducers of various focal properties. In all cases the proposed test object clearly indicated the zone (focal zone) of optimum high-subject-contrast image resolution. The advantages of the proposed blur definition and measurement technique of high-subject-contrast image resolution include: test object simplicity, ease of performing and interpreting the measurement, usefulness for all types of real-time scanners, and the need for only one scan for both axial and lateral resolution information at all image depths.
Regulation of cytokines and chemokines during the progression of acute inflammation in the human whole blood model (2009)

There are a number of people to whom I owe thanks, but foremost I would like to thank God. Without Him, I would not be. I would like to thank the members of my thesis committee for their continued advice and input over the years. It takes a certain amount of integrity to serve successfully on a thesis committee. For my own personal success, I needed personal insight and reflections as well as intellectual input and each of you, Dan, Michele, Christy, and Dave gave me a little piece of yourselves. For that I am eternally grateful. I would like to especially thank Jiyoun Kim, Liz Schuller and Jillian Richmond. Thanks Liz for being the best lab manager/lab mom ever! Thank you Jillian for your perfect ELISAs and PCR data and for all of your help with flow cytometry. Jiyoun, your insight and concerned ear are irreplaceable. Next, to the countless folks who had any two cents to say about the PhD process, me being in school forever, or my “genius. ” Thank you! Your support and encouragement often came when I didn’t even know that I needed it. Thank you Lisha for bragging to your friends about me and telling me I could quit if I wanted to, but knowing
JERARQUÍA DE PREFERENCIAS Y ESTRATEGIA EMPRESARIAL EN LA DETERMINACIÓN DE LA ESTRUCTURA DE CAPITAL DE LA PYME: UN ENFOQUE CON DATOS DE PANEL * (2001)

El objetivo fundamental de esta investigacion consiste en explorar los factores que determinan la estructura de capital de las pymes. En un segundo escenario, el analisis se extiende al colectivo de empresas grandes. El trabajo analiza las teorias financieras de (i) seleccion jerarquica o pecking order theory (TPO) y (ii) estrategia empresarial (TEP), que postulan diferentes principios para explicar la estructura de capital. En torno a estos dos enfoques, se define un conjunto de hipotesis que son contrastadas a traves de una metodologia de datos de panel. La estimacion de los modelos disenados a tal efecto, a partir de una muestra de 2169 empresas, obtenida de la base de datos ESEE (Fundacion Empresa Publica), arroja una fuerte evidencia del cumplimiento de la teoria TPO en el ambito de las pymes y solo parcial en el de las grandes empresas. Por su parte, la teoria TEP presenta resultados de estimacion que, por el momento, no pueden considerarse concluyentes.
Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Graphene-Based Poly(vinyl alcohol) Composites (2010)

Graphene, flat carbon nanosheets, has generated huge activity in many areas of science and engineering due to its unprecedented physical and chemical properties. With the development of wide-scale applicability including facile synthesis and high yield, this exciting material is ready for its practical application in the preparation of polymer nanocomposites. Here we report that nanocomposites based on fully exfoliated graphene nanosheets and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are prepared via a facial aqueous solution. A significant enhancement of mechanical properties of the graphene/PVA composites is obtained at low graphene loading; that is, a 150% improvement of tensile strength and a nearly 10 times increase of Young’s modulus are achieved at a graphene loading of 1.8 vol %. The comparison between the experimental results and theoretical simulation for Young’s modulus indicates that the graphene nanosheets in polymer matrix are mostly dispersed randomly in the nanocomposite films.
XM Satellite Radio Technology Fundamentals (2001)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In October of 1997, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) granted two national satellite radio licenses. The FCC allocated 25 MHz of the electromagnetic spectrum (2.3 GHz frequency band) for satellite digital broadcasting to two companies: 12.5 MHz to XM Satellite Radio and 12.5 MHz to Sirius Satellite Radio. This paper is an overview of the XM Satellite Radio technology. Four major components of the overall Network are described: a) The ground segment; b) The space segment; c) The terrestrial repeater segment and the d) The technology segment. Mobile antenna design challenges are also being addressed and optimum antenna configurations are presented.</div>
Retrieval study at 623 human mesh explants made of polypropylene – impact of mesh class and indication for mesh removal on tissue reaction (2013)

Textile meshes frequently are implanted in the abdominal wall to reinforce a hernia repair. However, revisions for mesh associated complications confirm that these devices are not completely free of risk. Explanted devices offer an opportunity to define the impact of mesh structure on tissue response. This retrieval study analyses the tissue reaction to 623 polypropylene mesh samples (170 class 1 with large pores, and 453 class 2 with small pores) explanted for pain, infection, or recurrence. Histopathological assessment included morphometry of inflammatory infiltrate (IF) and connective tissue (CT), and of collagen 1/3 ratio. Half of the meshes were removed after more than 23 month. Despite large inter-individual differences removal for infection showed more IF than for pain or recurrence with significant correlation of IF with CT. Class 1 meshes with large pores showed less IF, CT, fistula formation, calcification, and bridging than class 2 meshes with small pores. Meshes removed for recurrence showed a lowered collagen 1/3 ratio in 70%. Large pore class 1 meshes showed an improved tissue response and may be considered as favorable to prevent inflammatory side effects. The presence of lowered collagen 1/3 ratio in most of the samples with recurrences stresses the relevance of an intact healing process. Late manifestation of complications demands long-lasting follow-up.
Design and Implementation of Three Ties Cross-Platform Database Based on Web Service (2008)

This paper analyzes problems of three ties cross-platform database,such as cross-platform communication,code reusability and software interoperability.Then it introduces characteristics of Web service technology,and indicates how to use it to solve such problems.At last,it introduces how to implement three ties cross-platform database by Delphi (Windows)/Kylix (Linux),so as to provide an example for such kind of system.
Switched-capacitor DC-DC converters (1988)

Novel switched-capacitor (SC) DC-DC converters are derived from three basic SC DC-DC converters. The converter outputs can be regulated by changing the duty ratio of the transistor switch. These converters have features not found in conventional switching regulators (buck, boost, and buck-boost converters). Of these converters, the voltage polarity inverting converter is expected to be widely used for small-size, small-power units because it has the following features: (1) nonpulsating input current; (2) overcurrent protection can be added; and (3) multistage connection of output circuits enables the converter to be used as a step-up, step-down converter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inorganic Reagents as Probes for the Mechanism of a Metal-Responsive Genetic Switch (1989)

Inorganic reagents can provide detailed structural information concerning the specific interactions of biopolymers in large assemblies. One such assembly of biopolymers controls the expression of mercuric ion resistance genes in bacteria. The central component of this control mechanism is the MerR metalloregulatory protein, a small DNA-binding protein which binds mercuric ion with high affinity, and upon doing so, activates gene expression. This article reviews insights into the configuration of the biopolymers involved in the metal-responsive switching event, and focuses on the utility of two coordination complexes that were developed as tools for molecular biology.
Fatty acid synthase expression in melanoma (2003)

FAS is a reliable prognostic marker in human melanomas. FAS predictive strength is increased when associated with Breslow thickness. The observation of FAS in human melanomas may stratify patients for stricter follow-ups and suggest different therapeutic approaches.
Adaptive pilot filtering for LMS algorithm (1991)

An adaptive pilot filtering procedure is proposed to increase the convergence speed of the LMS (least mean square) algorithm. The procedure uses an adaptive filter with only a few filter coefficients to filter both the received signal and the original signal for the purpose of whitening the received signal. The convergence speed of the adaptive pilot filtering procedure combined with the LMS algorithm is comparable to that of the Kalman algorithm for some applications. The procedure combined with the main LMS algorithm requires less than twice the computation power of a conventional LMS algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
米国連邦取引委員会の目標--競争と消費者利益の促進 (最近の独占禁止政策の国際的動向 ) (1984)

An isolate of egg drop syndrome-76 virus replicated best in primary chicken embryo liver cells and less well in duck embryo liver cells, duck embryo fibroblast cells and chicken embryo kidney cells. The cytopathic effect in chicken embryo liver cells was marked by the presence of round and refractile cells and detachment of cells from the glass surface. The intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies were observed by 24 to 48 hours after infection. No virus multiplication was observed in primary quail embryo fibroblast cells, chicken embryo fibroblast cells or mammalian cells like Vero, BHK-21 and MDBK. Duck embryos supported the maximum growth of the virus, with allantoic fluid having the highest haemagglutinin titre, followed in order by chorioallantoic membrane, skin and internal organs. Chicken and quail embryos did not support the growth of the virus.
The progress in clinical research of retinal angiomatous proliferation (2018)

Retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) is a genetic distinct subgroup of exudative agerelated macular degeneration which shows a rapid and severe vision loss and high recurrence rates. The pathophysiological mechanisms of RAP is unclear. Recent histopathologic study and en face optical coherence tomography angiography have furthered our understanding of RAP. Clinical features frequently associated with RAP include bilateral disease, presence of reticular pseudodrusen and pigment epithelial detachments. Indocyanine green angiography is the gold standard diagnostic tool. Recently, more and more accurate optical coherence tomography has improved the acknowledgement of stage and diagnosis of RAP. The treatment efficacy of RAP is highly dependent on the stage. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy is currently the first line of treatment. Other treatment options including combination of photodynamic therapy with antiangiogenic agent intravitreal injections also achieve a reasonable therapeutic outcome. There remain several important questions such as pathogenesis and treatment regimen, to be answered in future RAP research studies.


Key words: 
Retinal diseases/etiology; Retinal diseases/diagnosis; Retinal diseases/therapy; Review
The Effect of Cubicle and Straw Yard Housing on the Behaviour, Production and Hoof Health of Dairy Cows (1994)

Abstract An experiment is described where 40 spring-calving dairy cows were allocated to be housed in a deep straw yard or a cubicle house from November to April, in order to examine the effects on behaviour, milk production and hoof health. Cows in straw yards spent longer lying down and feeding, except during oestrus when they increased their time spent standing proportionately more than cows in cubicles. In the straw yard cows spent longer in associative behaviour during oestrus and had fewer unsuccessful mounting attempts. There were no differences in milk production or composition but cows in the straw yard lost more weight after calving. Cows in the cubicles had a reduction in heel depth, which is a predisposing factor to lameness. It is concluded that a straw yard system for dairy cows allows greater opportunity to display normal behaviour, leads to better hoof health and provides acceptable levels of production.
Upstream and intronic regulatory sequences interact in the activation of the glutamine synthetase promoter (2002)

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is expressed at high levels in subsets of cells in some tissues and at low levels in all cells of other tissues, suggesting that the GS gene is surrounded by multiple regulatory elements. We searched for such elements in the 2.5-kb upstream region and in the 2.6-kb first intron of the GS gene, using FTO-2B hepatoma and C2/7 muscle cells as representatives of both cell types and transient transfection assays as our tools. In addition to the entire upstream region and entire intron, an upstream enhancer module at -2.5 kb, and 5', middle and 3' modules of the first intron were tested. The main effects of the respective modules and their combinatorial interactions were quantified using the analysis of variance (anova) technique. The upstream enhancer was strongly stimulatory, the middle intron module strongly inhibitory, and the 3'-intron module weakly stimulatory in both hepatoma and muscle cells. The 5'-intron module was strongly stimulatory in muscle cells only. The major new finding was that in both cell types, the upstream enhancer and 5'-intron module needed to be present simultaneously to fully realize their transactivational potencies. This interaction was responsible for a pronounced inhibitory effect of the 5'-intron module in the absence of the upstream enhancer in hepatoma cells, and for a strong synergistic effect of these two modules, when present simultaneously in muscle cells. The main difference between hepatoma and muscle cells therefore appeared to reside in tissue-specific differences in activity of the respective regulatory elements due to interactions rather than in the existence of tissue-specific regulatory elements.
A new input method for CAD-automatic read-in technique of paper drawings (2002)

The authors present a new technique which can be used to read electronic circuits automatically. Using two prototype systems, they discuss recognition methods for the electronic element symbols. They have applied the syntactic structural approach to recognize the symbols and English characters. The methods described can also be applied to read other engineering drawings.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The effects of single and combined antibiotics on the growth of <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> using time-kill studies (1990)

The combinations of erythromycin with rifampicin, with ciprofloxacin or with amoxycillin, and ciprofloxacin plus rifampicin were tested by the time-kill curve method to assess their bactericidal activity against Legionella pneumophila. Rifampicin-resistant strains were found in broth cultures of the micro-organism even before exposure to the drug. In the presence of MBCs of rifampicin, the sensitive organisms were killed, allowing the resistant mutants to multiply. In broths containing both erythromycin and rifampicin, the rifampicin-resistant mutants were killed more rapidly than by erythromycin alone. In addition, erythromycin was effective in preventing the growth of amoxycillin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant organisms. Fortunately resistance to erythromycin was not detected by these time-kill studies. Thus for patients with severe forms of Legionnaires' disease, erythromycin should be combined with other more inhibitory drugs, such as rifampicin or ciprofloxacin, to enhance bactericidal activity.
Lots of Physicists Are Nervous about the Speed of Light (2011)

[1]Physicists spent their weekends walking back media hype over an experiment that at first glance seems to disprove Einstein’s famed theory of relativity.They preached dispassionate skepticism,but behind all that careful cynicism,there seemed a lot of hand-wringing.编者注:hype:Hype is the use of a lot of publicity and advertising to make people interested in
The "Chinese Barbarian Officials" in the Foreign Tributary Missions to China during the Ming Dynasty (1968)

Hok-Lam Chan, The "Chinese Barbarian Officials" in the Foreign Tributary Missions to China during the Ming Dynasty, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 88, No. 3 (Jul. - Sep., 1968), pp. 411-418
Multivalent Cyclooligosaccharides: Versatile Carbohydrate Clusters with Dual Role as Molecular Receptors and Lectin Ligands (2002)

Results obtained over the past decade towards the preparation of multitopic carbohydrate architectures combining the molecular inclusion capabilities of cyclomaltooligosaccharide receptors (cyclodextrins, CDs) and the recognition properties of saccharide ligands towards biological receptors are discussed. The potential of these new sugar-based "intelligent" transporters for site specific delivery of therapeutics is outlined.
Modification of bacteraemia by specific antibodies and relation with mortality in a pneumococcal mouse sepsis model (2002)

The relationship between mortality and the bacteraemic profile was investigated in a pneumococcal (serotype 6B) sepsis BALB/c mouse model where animals received protection by specific hyperimmune serum. A single intraperitoneal dose of hyperimmune serum obtained from mice immunized with the heat-inactivated strain was administered (non-diluted or diluted to 1/4 or to 1/16) to 5-mice study groups 1 h prior to intraperitoneal inoculation with the infective inoculum (3.57 x 108 cfu/ml). Blood cultures were performed daily over 15 days, with 8 microl of blood being collected from the tail vein; the samples were resuspended in Todd-Hewitt broth containing 10% trisodium citrate and plated onto blood agar for colony counting. Animals included in the control group received placebo (PBS). Mortality was 100% in control animals within the first 48 h. Hyperimmune serum decreased and delayed mortality in a dose-related trend, producing 100%, 80%, 60% and 40% survival rates at 72, 96, 144 and 360 h, with non-diluted serum. Bacteraemic profiles with maximum colony counts > or =5 x 107 cfu/ml in blood during the follow-up period were related to > or =65% probability of death, regardless of the serum dilution administered.
Extending Liberty Westward: The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 (1987)

Extending Liberty Westward: The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Get access James H. Madison James H. Madison Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar OAH Magazine of History, Volume 2, Issue 4, Fall 1987, Pages 15–19, https://doi.org/10.1093/maghis/2.4.15 Published: 01 September 1987