gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Competition After Unbundling: Entry, Industry Structure, and Convergence (2007)

In the last few years, U.S. telecoms policy has shifted from encouraging the sharing of existing networks to facilitating the deployment of advanced communications networks. Given the large capital expenditures required for these networks, there can be only a few of such networks. In light of the natural forces that limit the number of facilities-based suppliers, it is vital for policymakers to investigate and implement rules that make markets more conducive to facilities-based entry and eliminate any existing rules that discourage deployment. The purpose of this Article is to provide a simple conceptual framework to evaluate the effect of particular rules and regulation on the construction of advanced communications networks and the expansion of existing networks into new markets. We provide numerical examples and a number of applications to illustrate how the conceptual framework implicates particular rules and regulations as to their effect on facilities-based entry. Applications include an analysis of convergence, regulated limitations on service offerings, the pernicious effects of cable franchising, and the potential for collusion.
Whither the Nurse (1989)

The day the Secretary of State announced the publication of a Strategy for Nursing, produced by the Department of Health's Nursing Department, how could he respond so evasively to a RCN Congress delegate’s question about the inclusion of the Chief Nursing Officer on the Policy Board?
Update on the Solar Power Satellite transmitter design (1986)

A number of remaining problems in the conceptual design of the transmitting antenna for the Solar Power Satellite have been solved as a result of additional technology development. Much of the technology was derived from the conceptual design of a ground-based transmitting antenna for beaming power to a high altitude airship or airplane.
Energy metabolism of rabbit retina as related to function: high cost of Na+ transport (1992)

Experiments designed to examine the energy requirements of neurophysiological function were performed on isolated rabbit retina. Function was altered by photic stimulation or by function-specific drugs, and the response of energy metabolism was assessed by simultaneous measurements of O2 consumption and lactate production. In other experiments, the supply of O2 or glucose was reduced and the effect on energy metabolism and electrophysiological function was observed. Energy requirements under control conditions in darkness were high, with O2 consumption (per gm dry wt) at 11.3 mumol min-1, with lactate production at 14.8 mumol min-1, and with the derived value for glucose consumption at 9.3 mumol min-1 and for high-energy phosphate (approximately P) generation at 82.6 mumol min-1. Energy reserves were small. Removing glucose abolished the b-wave of the electroretinogram (ERG) with a t1/2 of 1 min, but did not immediately affect O2 consumption or the PIII of the ERG. Removing O2 caused increases of up to 2.7-fold in glycolysis (Pasteur effect) and caused both PIII and b-wave to fail, with a t1/2 of about 5 min. Neurotransmission through the inner retina was supported almost entirely by glycolysis, as evidenced by large increases in lactate production in response to flashing light and decreases in response to transmitter blockers (2.3-fold overall change), with no change in O2 consumption. Phototransduction, on the other hand, was normally supported by oxidative metabolism. The dark current accounted for 41% of the retina's O2 consumption. With O2 reduced, the dark current was partially supported by glycolysis, which accounts (at least in part) for the large Pasteur effect. Na+ transport by NaK ATPase accounted for about half of all energy used, as evidenced by the response to strophanthidin, that is, for 49% of the oxidative energy and 58% of the glycolytic energy. The t1/2 for the turnover of intracellular Na+ was calculated from these data to be less than 1 min. Changes in temperature caused changes in the amplitude of light-evoked electrical responses of 6.5% per degree and caused changes in both O2 consumption and glycolysis of 6.8% per degree (Q10 = 1.9). A surprisingly large fraction of oxidative energy, corresponding to about 40% of the total energy generated, could not be assigned to phototransduction, to neurotransmission, to Na+ transport for other purposes, or to vegetative metabolism. We cannot account for its usage, but it may be related to the (previously reported) rapid turnover of the gamma-phosphate of retinal GTP, the function of which also remains unknown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Evaluation of electromagnetic fields in the treatment of pain in patients with lumbar radiculopathy or the whiplash syndrome (2002)

Back pain and the whiplash syndrome are very common diseases involving tremendous costs and extensive medical effort. A quick and effective reduction of symptoms, especially pain, is required. In two prospective randomized studies, patients with either lumbar radiculopathy in the segments L5/S1 or the whiplash syndrome were investigated. Inclusion criteria were as follows: either clinically verified painful lumbar radiculopathy in the segments L5/S1 and a Laségue's sign of 30 degrees (or more), or typical signs of the whiplash syndrome such as painful restriction of rotation and flexion/extension. Exclusion criteria were prolapsed intervertebral discs, systemic neurological diseases, epilepsy, and pregnancy. A total of 100 patients with lumbar radiculopathy and 92 with the whiplash syndrome were selected and entered in the study following a 1:1 ratio. Both groups (magnetic field treatment and controls) received standard medication consisting of diclofenac and tizanidine, while the magnetic field was only applied in group 1, twice a day, for a period of two weeks. In patients suffering from radiculopathy, the average time until pain relief and painless walking was 8.2 +/- 0.5 days in the magnetic field group, and 11.7 +/- 0.5 days in controls p < 0.04). In patients with the whiplash syndrome, pain was measured on a ten-point scale. Pain in the head was on average 4.6 before and 2.1 after treatment in those receiving magnetic field treatment, and 4.2/3.5 in controls. Neck pain was on average 6.3/1.9 as opposed to 5.3/4.6, and pain in the shoulder/arm was 2.4/0.8 as opposed to 2.8/2.2 (p < 0.03 for all regions). Hence, magnetic fields appear to have a considerable and statistically significant potential for reducing pain in cases of lumbar radiculopathy and the whiplash syndrome.
MatConvNet - Convolutional Neural Networks for MATLAB (2014)

MatConvNet is an implementation of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for MATLAB. The toolbox is designed with an emphasis on simplicity and flexibility. It exposes the building blocks of CNNs as easy-to-use MATLAB functions, providing routines for computing linear convolutions with filter banks, feature pooling, and many more. In this manner, MatConvNet allows fast prototyping of new CNN architectures; at the same time, it supports efficient computation on CPU and GPU allowing to train complex models on large datasets such as ImageNet ILSVRC. This document provides an overview of CNNs and how they are implemented in MatConvNet and gives the technical details of each computational block in the toolbox.
Efficiency of packet reservation multiple access (1991)

Packet-reservation multiple access (PRMA) is viewed as a merger of slotted ALOHA and time-division multiple access (TDMA). Dispersed terminals transmit packets of speech information to a central base station. When its speech activity detector indicates the beginning of a talkspurt, a terminal contends with other terminals for access to an available time slot. After the base station detects the first packet in the talkspurt, the terminal reserves future time slots for transmission of subsequent speech packets. The influence of several variables on PRMA efficiency, defined as the number of conversations per channel, is examined. The number of channels is the ratio of transmission rate to speech coding rate. It is found that with 32-kb/s speech coding and 720-kb/s transmission (22.5 channels), PRMA supports up to 37 simultaneous conversations, or 1.64 conservations per channel. The number of conversations per channel is at least 1.5 over a wide range of packet sizes (8 ms of speech per packet to 34 ms) and for all systems with 16 or more channels (transmission rate >or=512 kb/s, with 32-kb/s speech coding). Other factors studied are the sensitivity of the speech activity detector, the retransmission probability of the contention scheme, and the maximum time delay for the transmission of speech packets.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An updated table of minimum-distance bounds for binary linear codes (1987)

In 1973 Helgert and Sfinaff published a table of upper and lower bounds on the maximum minimum-distance for binary linear error-correcting codes up to length <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">127</tex> . This article presents an updated table incorporating numerous improvements that have appeared since then. To simplify the updating task the author has developed a computer program that systematically investigates the consequences of each improvement by applying several well-known general code-construction techniques. This program also made it possible to check the original table. Furthermore, it offers a quick and reliable update service for future improvements.
Foundations of Software Testing (2013)

The Foundations in Software Testing workbook supports students and self-studiers who want a context-driven introduction to black box software testing. Used in parallel with the instructional materials provided at the Center for Software Testing Education and Research (testingeducation.org/BBST), readers will learn basic testing terminology and consider fundamental challenges in software testing. These challenges include: the mission of testing, the oracle problem, the measurement problem, and the impossibility of complete testing.
Phospho-proteomics : methods and protocols (2009)

Part I: Protein Phosphorylation and 2D Gel Electrophoresis A High-Resolution Two Dimensional Gel- and Pro-Q DPS-Based Proteomics Workflow for Phosphoprotein Identification and Quantitative Profiling. Ganesh K. Agrawal and Jay J. Thelen Differential Phospho-Protein Labeling (DIPPL) using 32P and 33P Aviva M. Tolkovsky and Andreas Wyttenbach Part II: Enrichment of Phospho-Proteins and Peptides Identification of Oxidative Stress-Induced Tyrosine Phosphorylated Proteins by Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry Ma Carmen Duran, Hong-Lin Chan and John F. Timms Enrichment and Characterization of Phosphopeptides by Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC) and Mass Spectrometry Tine E. Thingholm and Ole N. Jensen The Use of Titanium Dioxide Micro-Columns to Selectively Isolate Phosphopeptides from Proteolytic Digests Tine E. Thingholm and Martin R. Larsen Enrichment and Separation of Mono- and Multi-Phosphorylated Peptides Using Sequential Elution from IMAC prior to Mass Spectrometric Analysis Tine E. Thingholm, Ole N. Jensen, and Martin R. Larsen Use of Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC) for Phosphotyrosine Protein Identification and Quantitation Guoan Zhang and Thomas A. Neubert Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography for Fractionation and Enrichment of the Phosphoproteome Dean E. McNulty and Roland S. Annan SILAC for Global Phosphoproteomic Analysis Genaro Pimienta and Akhilesh Pandey Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Based on Soluble Nanopolymers Anton Iliuk and W. Andy Tao Profiling the Tyrosine Phosphorylation State Using SH2 domains Kevin Dierck, Kazuya Machida, Bruce J. Mayer, and Peter Nollau Part III: Phospho-Protein Analysis by Mass Spectrometry An Overview of the Qualitative Analysis of Phosphoproteins by Mass Spectrometry Philip R. Gafken The Analysis of Phosphoproteomes by Selective Labeling and Advanced Mass Spectrometric Techniques Angela Amoresano, Claudia Cirulli, Gianluca Monti, Eric Quemeneur and Gennaro Marino On-line Liquid Chromatography Electron Capture Dissociation for the Characterisation of Phosphorylation Sites in Proteins Steve M. Sweet and Helen J. Cooper Quantification of Protein Phosphorylation by LC- ICP-MS Ralf Kruger, Nico Zinn, and Wolf D. Lehmann Reverse-Phase Diagonal Chromatography for Phosphoproteome Research Kris Gevaert and Joel Vandekerckhove Chemical Tagging Strategies for Mass Spectrometry-based Phosphoproteomics Alexander Leitner and Wolfgang Lindner Part IV: Arrays to Study Protein-Phosphorylation Antibody Array Platform to Monitor Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Mammalian Cells. Alicia S. Chung and Y. Eugene Chin Protein Tyrosine Kinase Characterization Based on Fully Automated Synthesis of (phospho)Peptide arrays in Microplates W. Carl Saxinger Kinome Profiling Using Peptide Arrays in Eukaryotic Cells. Kaushal Parikh, Maikel P. Peppelenbosch, and Tita Ritsema Part V: Bioinformatics ProMoST: A Tool for Calculating the pI and Molecular Mass of Phosphorylated and Modified Proteins on 2 Dimensional Gels Brian D. Halligan Kinase Specific Prediction of Protein
Free Level Effect on the Impeller Power Input in Baffled Tanks (1995)

Analysis of extended data on turbine impeller power input in geometrically similar agitated baffled tanks shows that the power number Po is a function of Reynolds number Po = Po *( Re ) until the emergence of surface aeration. Though it is usually anticipated that Po * = const in high Reynolds number region, some, whatever weak, function should be taken into consideration in more detailed analysis of the power data even here. In practice, disturbances of level and gas captured in the impeller region play also a significant role, namely in smaller tanks at higher impeller speeds. Decrease of power input can be explained by decrease of gas-liquid mixture density, or in other words by increase of efficient gas holdup eE just in the impeller region. The value eE defined by the relation Po = Po *( Re )/(1 + eE) was determined from the available data. Like other effects of the surface aeration it depends mainly on the dimensionless number Nc = ( We Fr ) 1/4 . A simple correlation eE ( Nc ) is suggested as a correction factor for prediction of impeller power in presence of gas capture.
BF-RED: A Novel Algorithm for Improving Bandwidth Fairness of RED (2006)

RED (random early detection) is widely used in network nodes to achieve congestion avoidance while keeping a high utilization of the underlying link. But it provides little protection from high throughput flows that consume much bandwidth. That is to say, it cannot guarantee the bandwidth fairness. In this paper, a new algorithm named bandwidth-fair RED (BF-RED) is proposed to improve the bandwidth fairness of RED. BF-RED identifies high throughput flows according to its "drop-weight", then raises the drop probability by increasing the value of max <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> parameter to control the high throughput flows. Through our simulations, we show that BF-RED is highly effective and efficient
Fetal DNA in Maternal Plasma (2006)

The discovery of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma has opened up new possibilities for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. Most of the work in this field has focused on the detection of fetal genetic markers that are distinguishable from the background maternal DNA. The feasibility of detecting fetal epigenetic markers in maternal plasma using an imprinted locus was demonstrated in 2002. This work has recently led to the development of the first universal fetal epigenetic marker, hypomethylated maspin, which can be used for fetal DNA detection in maternal plasma, irrespective of fetal gender and genetic polymorphisms. It is expected that many more fetal epigenetic markers that can be used in this manner will be developed over the next few years. These markers may catalyze the eventual clinical use of circulating fetal DNA for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis, such as for the detection of fetal chromosomal aneuploidies.
Electrostatic Discharge Control (1990)

ESD awareness history of electrostatics basics theoretical and mathematical concepts physical concepts of static electricity nature of static damage damage models analysis of ESD failures failure analysis case histories latent ESD failures design techniques factory examples ESD control management ESD control evaluation of ESD control materials standards.
THERAPEUTIC USE OF THIORIDAZINE IN PREMATURE EJACULATION (1963)

Firstly, thioridazine's property of delaying ejaculation may prove of tremendous value in treatment of anxious and sexually insecure patients who gather many more problems consequent to the symptom of premature ejaculation. Secondly, I would like to emphasize the need for further research in this area.
Metabolism of Proline and the Hydroxyprolines (1980)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Methods for Encrypting and Decrypting Multimedia Data (1995)

TECHNOLOGY;COMPUTERS;COMMUNICATION
Spontaneous formation of one-dimensional ripples in transit to highly ordered two-dimensional herringbone structures through sequential and unequal biaxial mechanical stretching (2007)

The authors report the formation of various submicron wrinkle patterns and their transition from one-dimensional (1D) ripples to two-dimensional (2D) herringbone structures on poly(dimethylsiloxane) films. Using mechanical force they can separately control the amount and timing of strain applied to the substrate on both planar directions (either simultaneously or sequentially), which appears to be critical to maneuver the pattern formation in real time. They demonstrate reversible transitions from flat to 1D ripple, to ripple with bifurcation, to ripple/herringbone mixed features, and to well-controlled formation of a highly ordered zigzag-based 2D herringbone structures.
Optical microphone for photoacoustic spectroscopy (1988)

An optical microphone configuration is experimentally demonstrated. It is based on the deflection of a He-Ne laser beam from a thin reflective pellicle bound on one edge over the duct of a conventional photoacoustic cell. Possible applications of this kind of photoacoustic detection are discussed.
Repeatability of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET in a Multicenter Phase I Study of Patients with Advanced Gastrointestinal Malignancies (2009)

Repeatability results of double-baseline (18)F-FDG PET scans were similar for all SUV parameters assessed, for both the full and the QA datasets, in both the multi- and the single-observer settings. Centralized quality assurance and analysis of data improved intrasubject CV from 15.9% to 10.7% for averaged SUV(max). Thresholds for metabolic response in the multicenter multiobserver non-QA settings were -34% and 52% and in the range of -26% to 39% with centralized QA. These results support the use of (18)F-FDG PET for tumor assessment in multicenter oncology clinical trials.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Heparin and Its Derivatives: A Systematic Review (2015)

Background. Heparin, used clinically as an anticoagulant, also has anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive review regarding the efficacy and safety of heparin and its derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents. Methods. We searched the following databases up to March 2012: Pub Med, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid, Elsevier, and Google Scholar using combination of Mesh terms. Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) and trials with quasi-experimental design in clinical setting published in English were included. Quality assessments of RCTs were performed using Jadad score and Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist. Results. A total of 280 relevant studies were reviewed and 57 studies met the inclusion criteria. Among them 48 studies were RCTs. About 65% of articles had score of 3 and higher according to Jadad score. Twelve studies had a quality score > 40% according to CONSORT items. Asthma (n = 7), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 5), cardiopulmonary bypass (n = 8), and cataract surgery (n = 6) were the most studied disease condition. Forty studies use unfractionated heparin (UFH) for intervention; the remaining studies use low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Conclusion. Despite the conflicting results, heparin seems to be a safe and effective anti-inflammatory agent; although it is shown that heparin can decrease the level of inflammatory biomarkers and improves patient conditions, still more data from larger rigorously designed studies are needed to support use of heparin as an anti-inflammatory agent in clinical setting. However, because of the association between inflammation, atherogenesis, thrombogenesis, and cell proliferation, heparin and related compounds with pleiotropic effects may have greater therapeutic efficacy than compounds acting against a single target.
A high-level synthesis system for digital signal processing based on enumerating data-flow graphs (2002)

This paper proposes a high-level synthesis system for datapath design of digital signal processing hardwares. The system consists of four phases: (1) DFG (data-flow graph) generation, (2) scheduling, (3) resource binding, and (4) HDL (hardware description language) generation. In (1), the system does not generate only one best DFG representing a given behavioral description of a hardware, but more than one good DFGs representing it. In (2) and (3), several synthesis tools can be incorporated into the system depending on the required objectives. Thus we can obtain more than one datapath candidates for a behavioral description with their area and performance evaluation. In (4), the best datapath design is selected among those candidates and its hardware description is generated. The experimental results for applying the system to several benchmarks show the effectiveness and efficiency.
Algorithm Study of Spatial Dataflow Compression Based on GML (2007)

This paper proposes a kind of new GML dataflow and compressed algorithm,studies GML structure and data separate dynamically and compress dynamically,multi-thread technology is adopted in order to parallel transmit,and then receive the data and solve the course that depresses dynamically and amalgamates dynamically.The experimental result indicates that this method has actual meanings in improving GML data transmission efficiency by a wide margin.
On cysteine and cystine peptides. Part VI. S-acylcysteines in peptide synthesis (1970)

S-p-Methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl-L-cysteine (pMZ-Cys)(I), as its N-o-nitrophenylsulphenyl derivative (II), can be used as an intermediate for the incorporation of cysteine residues in peptide synthesis. The pMZ group can be removed either by methanolysis or by treatment with hydrogen halides in acetic acid.