gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glycosylation changes as important factors for the susceptibility to urinary tract infection (2011)

FimH is the type 1 fimbrial tip adhesin and invasin of Escherichia coli. Its ligands are the glycans on specific proteins enriched in membrane microdomains. FimH binding shows high-affinity recognition of paucimannosidic glycans, which are shortened high-mannose glycans such as oligomannose-3 and -5. FimH can recognize equally the (single) high-mannose glycan on uroplakin Ia, on the urinary defence protein uromodulin or Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein and on the intestinal GP2 glycoprotein present in Peyer's patches. E. coli bacteria may attach to epithelial cells via hundreds of fimbriae in a multivalent fashion. This binding is considered to provoke conformational changes in the glycoprotein receptor that translate into signalling in the cytoplasm of the infected epithelial cell. Bladder cell invasion by the uropathogenic bacterium is the prelude to recurrent and persistent urinary tract infections in humans. Patients suffering from diabetes mellitus are more prone to contract urinary tract infections. In a study of women, despite longer treatments with a more potent antibiotic, these patients also have more often recurrences of urinary tract infections compared with women without diabetes. Type 1 fimbriae are the most important virulence factors used not only for adhesion of E. coli in the urinary tract, but also for the colonization by E. coli in patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. It appears that the increased prevalence of urinary tract infections in diabetic women is not the result of a difference in the bacteria, but is due to changes in the uroepithelial cells leading to an increased adherence of E. coli expressing type 1 fimbriae. Hypothetically, these changes are in the glycosylation of the infected cells. The present article focuses on possible underlying mechanisms for glycosylation changes in the uroepithelial cell receptors for FimH. Like diabetes, bacterial adhesion induces apoptosis that may bring the endoplasmic reticulum membrane with immature mannosylated glycoproteins to the surface. Indicatively, clathrin-mediated vesicle trafficking of glucose transporters is disturbed in diabetics, which would interfere further with the biosynthesis and localization of complex N-linked glycans.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Properties of the Transition‐Metal Zintl Compounds: A14MnBi11 (A: Ca, Sr, Ba), (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ab Initio Studies of the Radical Cation Diels−Alder Reaction (1999)

The radical cation Diels−Alder reaction of the 1,3-butadiene radical cation with ethylene, yielding the cyclohexene radical cation, was studied by B3LYP hybrid functional and QCISD(T)//QCISD calculations using the 6-31G* basis set. The intermediates and transition states involved in three different mechanisms, a concerted Cs-symmetric and a stepwise unsymmetric anti [4 + 2] pathway and a stepwise unsymmetric out-gauche pathway leading to vinylcyclobutane, have been considered. The synchronous Cs-symmetric pathway is prevented by a pseudo-Jahn−Teller distortion and is 19 kcal/mol higher in energy than the stepwise pathways. The stepwise anti pathway was found to be the lowest-energy pathway with an activation energy of 0.3 kcal/mol relative to the initially formed ion−molecule complex. The gauche-out pathway, leading to vinylcyclobutane, is 3.5 kcal/mol higher in energy than the anti pathway, leading to cyclohexene. In contrast to earlier calculations by Bauld at the MP2/6-31G*//3-21G level of theory, an ion−molecule complex was found to be part of the reaction pathway and no in-gauche intermediate could be located. The transition structures and intermediates involved in both stepwise pathways closely resemble the previously described species involved in the stepwise mechanism of the neutral Diels−Alder reaction.
THE MUTAGENIC ACTION OF MUSTARD GAS ON ZEA MAYS (1950)

Journal Article THE MUTAGENIC ACTION OF MUSTARD GAS ON ZEA MAYS Get access P. B. GIBSON, P. B. GIBSON University of Wisconsin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. A. BRINK, R. A. BRINK University of Wisconsin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. A. STAHMANN M. A. STAHMANN University of Wisconsin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 41, Issue 9, September 1950, Pages 232–238, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a106137 Published: 01 September 1950
NH$sub 4$F-VERSATILE REAGENT FOR ZIRCONIUM FUELS (1958)

The dissolution and treatment of Zr and its alloys and its separation from U and fission products can be effected by the use of NH/sub 4/F. Used in the acidic or neutral state, NH/sub 4/F is easier to handle and more economical than currently used reagents. An electrolytic process using NH/sub 4/F has been found which improves the corrosion properties of Zr and Zircalloy. (J.S.R.)
Summertime surface O<sub>3</sub> behavior and deposition to tundra in the Alaskan Arctic (2016)

Abstract Atmospheric turbulence quantities, boundary layer ozone (O 3 ) levels, and O 3 deposition to the tundra surface were investigated at Toolik Lake, AK, during the 2011 summer season. Beginning immediately after snowmelt, a diurnal cycle of O 3 in the atmospheric surface layer developed with daytime O 3 maxima, and minima during low‐light hours, resulting in a mean amplitude of 13 ppbv. This diurnal O 3 cycle is far larger than observed at other high Arctic locations during the snow‐free season. During the snow‐free months of June, July, and August, O 3 deposition velocities were ∼3 to 5 times faster than during May, when snow covered the ground most of the month. The overall mean O 3 deposition velocity between June and August was 0.10 cm s −1 . The month of June had the highest diurnal variation, with a median O 3 deposition velocity of 0.2 cm s −1 during the daytime and 0.08 cm s −1 during low‐light conditions. These values are slightly lower than previously reported summertime deposition velocities in northern latitudes over tundra or fen. O 3 loss during low‐light periods was attributed to a combination of surface deposition to the tundra and stable boundary layer conditions. We also hypothesize that emissions of reactive biogenic volatile organic compounds into the shallow boundary layer may contribute to nighttime O 3 loss.
Permanent Magnet Linear Actuators with Concentrated Coils (2003)

As known, linear actuators used for automation\nand industrial processes should present high performances,\nin terms of force amplitude, enhanced dynamic response,\nlow cogging and reduced force ripple, small e.m.f. waveform\ndistortion, structural simplicity, compactness and\nrobustness, low cost.\nAchieving all these goals is not a simple task: the paper\ndescribes some configurations, design criteria and\nperformances of a few permanent magnet (PM) actuators,\nwhose armature structures, iron-core and toothed, are\nequipped with symmetrical three-phase windings made of\nconcentrated coils, suited to fairly satisfy the described\nrequirements.\nKey words− concentrated windings, iron-core PM\nactuators, low cogging and torque ripple, sinusoidal E.M.F.s.
Building high assurance secure applications using security patterns for capability-based platforms (2013)

Building high assurance secure applications requires the proper use of security mechanisms and assurances provided by the underlying secure platform. However, applications are often built using security patterns and best practices that are agnostic with respect to the intricate specifics of the different underlying platforms. This independence from the underlying platform leaves a gap between security patterns and underlying secure platforms. In this PhD research abstract, we propose a novel approach to bridge this gap. Specifically, we propose reusable capability-specific design fragments for security patterns, which are specialization for patterns in a capability-based system. The focus is on systems that adhere to a capability-based security model, which we consider as the underlying platforms, to provide desired application-wide security properties. We also discuss assumptions and levels of assurance for these reusable designs and their use in the verification of application designs.
An inductive position sensor for the measurement of large displacements at low temperature (1998)

An inductive position sensor used to measure centimeter displacements with a typical sensitivity of 140 mV/m at 4.2 K is described. The sensor’s outer housing is constructed of brass and stainless steel tubing, with two inset linear bearings that support a surface ground carbon steel drive rod. The sensitivity of the device increases with excitation frequency and with operating temperature. The displacement range for which the sensor output is linear is 1.4 cm. The resolution of the device is better than 12 μm. The sensor is robust in design and in operation, and is insensitive to thermal cycling.
Dialkylaminoalkyl esters and amides derived from 3-hydroxy-and 3-alkoxy-2-naphthoic acids. (1958)

International audience
Combined rheometry and small-angle x-ray scattering (2003)

We have developed an apparatus to simultaneously monitor rheological parameters with high-resolution small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). The device is based on a commercial rheometer coupled to concentric cylindrical shear flow geometry. The shear cell can be operated from 20 °C–180 °C without significant evaporation loss of the sample. The apparatus has wide ranging applications in the field of complex fluids such as colloidal suspensions, surfactant phases, liquid crystals, and polymer solutions. In addition, it allows performing SAXS in combination with a wide variety of rheological tests including simple shear flows, creep, recovery, as well as oscillatory deformation. The performance of the equipment is demonstrated through experiments involving shear-induced ordering of complex fluids.
Evaluation of the use of magnetic sector secondary ion mass spectrometry to investigate <sup>14</sup>C distribution in Magnox reactor core graphite (2015)

Abstract Large quantities of irradiated graphite will arise from the decommissioning of the UK's Magnox power stations. Irradiated graphite contains 14C as well as other longer lived radionuclides (e.g. 36Cl). The potential use of magnetic sector secondary ion mass spectrometry (MS-SIMS) to examine the distribution of the 14C within trepanned graphite samples from a Magnox nuclear power station has been investigated. This work indicates that the methodology proposed has the potential to be used to analyse irradiated graphite samples with preliminary results highlighting a possible 14C enrichment in the carbonaceous deposit found on a channel wall sample. 14C concentrations in samples without this deposit were below the limits of detection of the instrument. The methodology used for these determinations ensured that possible mass interferences between 14C species and oxygen-bearing or nitrogen-bearing species were eliminated from the analysis. Future work will utilize the methodology proposed in this work on a larger number of samples.
The Maximum Torque Generated by the Eccentric, Isometric, and Concentric Contractionsof the Hip Abductor Muscles (1972)

The right hip abductor muscles of thirty normal male subjects were tested for maximum voluntary eccentric, isometric, and concentric muscle contractions. The torque was calculated and the three types of contractions were compared at 10 degree (0.17 rad) intervals. Twelve of the thirty subjects had roentgenograms taken at each of the 10 degree (0.1 7 rad) intervals so that the moment arm distance of the abductor muscles could be determined and tension calculated. Clinical implications for muscle reeducation were considered.
Comparison of Poliovirus Detection in Water by Cell Culture and Nucleic Acid Hybridization (1993)

The nucleic acid hybridization technique has been used to detect viral nucleic acid in environmental water samples. This type of assay, in contrast with tissue culture assays, may not distinguish between viable and non-viable viruses. We evaluated, by comparison with tissue culture infectivity assay (plaque forming method), the ability of the gene probe assay to detect viable poliovirus 1 (LSc) in well water, autoclaved well water, filter-sterilized well water and autoclaved phosphate buffered saline kept at 37° C and 15° C for 75 days, and in dechlorinated tapwater held at room temperature. A gradual decline in numbers of poliovirus was observed in all of the samples by cell culture assay. With the exception of autoclaved well water and phosphate buffer samples, a parallel decline in virus detectable by gene probe occurred in all other water samples.
Intercepting the synthesis of triazine dendrimers with nucleophilic pharmacophores: a general strategy toward drug delivery vehicles (2009)

The camptothecin ester of isonipecotic acid is installed on a triazine dendrimer intermediate obtained through an iterative, scalable route to ultimately yield cationic and PEGylated targets with activities in cell culture comparable to free drug.
Flexible all-optical frequency allocation of OFDM subcarriers (2014)

We investigate the underlying mechanism that allows OFDM subcarriers in an all-optical OFDM system to be assigned to any optical frequency using an optical filter, even if that frequency is not generated by the comb-line source feeding the filters. We confirm our analysis using simulations, and present experimental results from a 252-subcarrier system that uses a mode-locked laser (MLL) as the comb source and a wavelength selective switch. The experimental results show that there is no correlation between the programmed frequency offset between a subcarrier and nearest comb line, and the received signal quality. Thus, subcarriers could be inserted into unused portions of an optical transmission system's spectrum without restriction on their particular center frequencies. Any percentage of cyclic prefix can be added to the OFDM symbol simply by reprogramming the optical filter to give wider subcarrier frequency spacing than the comb line spacing, which is useful for tailoring the CP to the dispersion of various optical transmission paths, to maximize the spectral efficiency. Finally, the MLL's center frequency need not be locked to a system reference.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in neuropathic and inflammatory pain (2017)

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are actively being investigated as therapeutic targets for the treatment of pain and inflammation, but despite more than 30 years of research, there are currently no FDA-approved analgesics that are specific for these receptors. Much of the initial research effort focused on the α4β2 nAChR subtype, but more recently, additional subtypes have been identified as promising new leads and include α6β4, α7, and α9-containing nAChRs. This Review will focus on the distribution of these nAChRs in the cell types involved in neuropathic pain and inflammation and the activity of currently available nicotinic ligands.
Reductive coupling and isomerization of electrogenerated radical ions of cis- and trans-isomers (1973)

The electrochemical behaviour of the cis-trans-pairs: diethyl maleate (DEM), diethyl fumarate (DEF) and cis- and trans-dibenzoylethylene (CDBE and TDBE) in N,N-dimethylformamide solutions was investigated using cyclic and rotating ring-disc electrode (RRDE) voltammetry and bulk electrolysis. In both cases the cis-isomer is reduced at more negative potentials than the trans-isomer. Although the radical anion formed from the trans-isomer is fairly stable, that of the cis-isomer undergoes a rapid isomerization to form the trans-radical anion and also reacts more rapidly in either self- or cross-coupling reactions. The electron spin resonance (e.s.r.) spectra obtained by electrolytic reduction of either DEM or DEF has been re-interpreted as being caused by different conformations of the trans-radical anion. Identical e.s.r. spectra are also obtained from reduction of CDBE and TDBE; this is attributed to a single conformation of TDBE radical anion.
Biallelic <i>RP1</i>-associated retinal dystrophies: Expanding the mutational and clinical spectrum. (2020)

Biallelic <i>RP1</i> mutations cause a broad spectrum of retinal disease. Exon 2 missense mutations are a significant contributor to disease and can be associated with a considerably later onset of retinitis pigmentosa than that typically associated with biallelic <i>RP1</i> mutations.
Important Fluorinated Drugs in Experimental and Clinical Use (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Foscarnet in the Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in Patients with AIDS (1991)

The administration of foscarnet decreases the rate of progression of cytomegalovirus retinitis in persons with AIDS. Its judicious use is likely to prevent loss of vision in these patients. In this study, however, there was little change in visual acuity in patients in either the immediate or delayed treatment group because only patients with non-sight-threatening disease were selected.
A Simply Stabilized Running Model (2005)

The spring-loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP), or monopedal hopper, is an archetypal model for running in numerous animal species. Although locomotion is generally considered a complex task requiring sophisticated control strategies to account for coordination and stability, we show that stable gaits can be found in the SLIP with both linear and "air" springs, controlled by a simple fixed-leg reset policy. We first derive touchdown-to-touchdown Poincaré maps under the common assumption of negligible gravitational effects during the stance phase. We subsequently include and assess these effects and briefly consider coupling to pitching motions. We investigate the domains of attraction of symmetric periodic gaits and bifurcations from the branches of stable gaits in terms of nondimensional parameters.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Mechanism: Effects Of High Knee Abduction Loads On Passive Knee Restraints (2009)

Mechanisms of non-contact ACL injuries include evidence supporting two loading patterns: injury via anterior tibial (AT) shear or via knee abduction (AB) collapse. While the ACL appears to be susceptible to AT loads, AB collapse is a commonly reported ACL injury mechanism. Intuitively, if an AB mechanism predominated, concomitant injury to the MCL would be expected, as it may provide primary restraint against AB stress. However, combined ACL/MCL injuries are rarer than isolated ACL injury. PURPOSE: Analyze stresses (S) and strains (E) in ACL and superficial MCL (sMCL) during landing and injury simulations in a female athlete at high risk for ACL injury. The hypotheses were that combined AT/AB loads would have higher ACL S and E compared to AB loads and AT/AB loads would have higher ACL S and E relative to the sMCL. METHODS: A validated finite element knee model developed from CT and MRI images of this at risk athlete was employed to analyze S and E. Kinematic and kinetic data from the same athlete were used as input for the model (ABAQUS 6.8 software). ACL and sMCL S and E were analyzed at the peak AB moment during landing from multiple drop vertical jumps (5 trials). The trial with the highest peak AB moment (HABm) was used for control and injury simulations. The control was simulated with AB angle neutralized to static posture position. Injury simulations included AB injury via 4° increase in AB angle and AT/AB injury via combined 6mm AT translation and 4° AB angle increases. RESULTS: HABm had higher ACL S and E than the control. AB injury had higher ACL S and E compared to HABm and control. However, AB injury had 40% higher S and E in sMCL compared to the ACL. In contrast, AT/AB injury had 7-fold higher ACL S and E compared to AB injury loads and AT/AB loads had 55% higher ACL S and E relative to the sMCL. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate combined AT/AB loads may increase the likelihood for ACL injury compared to AB loads alone during high abduction moments. Interestingly, the sMCL appeared to be a secondary restraint to combined AT/AB loads relative to the ACL. These results help to explain the high prevalence of reported isolated non-contact ACL injuries in the absence of MCL injury, which likely result from combined anterior tibial shear and knee abduction collapse. Supported by ACSM Foundation Plus One Active Research Grant Using Internet Technology.
Abstract 1093: The role of cellular adhesion in escaping prostate cancer tumor dormancy. (2013)

Abstract Dissemination of prostate cancer (PCa) cells to the bone marrow appears to be an early event in the PCa disease process. In some patients, these disseminated tumor cells (DTC) proliferate to form active metastases after a prolonged period of undetectable disease following initial treatment. This time period that precedes recurrence is often referred to as tumor dormancy. Prevention of PCa recurrence would present a significant clinical advantage, as patients with bone metastases ultimately stop responding to second line therapies and eventually succumb to the disease. Understanding the biology of tumor dormancy and the mechanism(s) of release from dormancy will allow us to determine which patients may recur and identify possible targets for therapy to prevent disease recurrence. The microenvironment significantly influences tumor cell proliferation and the formation of metastases. With respect to dormancy, cues from the microenvironment have been shown to regulate integrin β1 signaling in breast and epidermoid carcinoma to promote cell proliferation. However, mechanisms of PCa dormancy remain unknown. Additionally, PCa is a heterogeneous disease, further complicating the identification of mechanisms pertinent to dormancy. Here, we show that 5 different LuCaP PCa xenografts, which appear dormant in vitro, are induced to proliferate through contact with each other and activated bone marrow stroma. Furthermore, this effect can be reproduced by constitutively activating the phosphorylation of myosin light chain II, a downstream effector of integrin β1. It has previously been shown that dormant breast cancer cells lacking integrin β1 signaling experience cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Thus, we examined changes in genes implicated in cell cycle progression in LuCaP PCa xenografts with constitutively active myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). We find that cyclin dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) is consistently upregulated in LuCaP xenografts with constitutively active MLCK. Furthermore, the transcription factor E2F4, which is implicated in growth arrest, is consistently downregulated. CDK6 is important in release from G1, and has previously been shown to associate with the androgen receptor, a critical player in PCa growth. Taken together, these data point to a potential mechanism by which PCa cells are released from dormancy to form lethal metastases. Targeting this mechanism could provide powerful new treatment opportunities that could reduce the lethality of PCa. Citation Format: Nazanin S. Ruppender, Sandy Larson, Bryce Lakely, Lisha Brown, Ilsa Coleman, Roger Coleman, Peter Nelson, Eva Corey, Linda Snyder, Robert Vessella, Colm Morrissey. The role of cellular adhesion in escaping prostate cancer tumor dormancy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1093. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1093