gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystalline polymorphism induced by charge regulation in ionic membranes (2013)

The crystallization of molecules with polar and hydrophobic groups, such as ionic amphiphiles and proteins, is of paramount importance in biology and biotechnology. By coassembling dilysine (+2) and carboxylate (-1) amphiphiles of various tail lengths into bilayer membranes at different pH values, we show that the 2D crystallization process in amphiphile membranes can be controlled by modifying the competition of long-range and short-range interactions among the polar and the hydrophobic groups. The pH and the hydrophobic tail length modify the intermolecular packing and the symmetry of their crystalline phase. For hydrophobic tail lengths of 14 carbons (C14), we observe the coassembly into crystalline bilayers with hexagonal molecular ordering via in situ small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering. As the tail length increases, the hexagonal lattice spacing decreases due to an increase in van der Waals interactions, as demonstrated by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. For C16 and C18 we observe a reentrant crystalline phase transition sequence, hexagonal-rectangular-C-rectangular-P-rectangular-C-hexagonal, as the solution pH is increased from 3 to 10.5. The stability of the rectangular phases, which maximize tail packing, increases with increasing tail length. As a result, for very long tails (C22), the possibility of observing packing symmetries other than rectangular-C phases diminishes. Our work demonstrates that it is possible to systematically exchange chemical and mechanical energy by changing the solution pH value within a range of physiological conditions at room temperature in bilayers of molecules with ionizable groups.
Conditional confidence intervals for the true classification error (2006)

In this paper, we consider the joint distribution of the true error and the estimated error, assuming a random feature-label distribution. From it, we derive the conditional expectation of the true error and the 95% upper confidence bound for the true error given the estimated error. Numerous classification and estimation rules are considered across a number of models. Although specific results depend on the classification rule, error-estimation rule, and model, some general trends are seen: (1) the conditional expected true error is larger (smaller) than the estimated error for small (large) estimated errors; and (2) the confidence bounds tend to be well above the estimated error for low error estimates, becoming much less so for large estimates.
Challenges in forecasting the long-term impacts of multiple stressors on a mid-Atlantic region, USA (2000)

Abstract The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, has selected a multistate region in the mid-Atlantic as a pilot location for its regional vulnerability assessment initiative. The study included an initial problem-formulation (hazard-identification) phase conducted in consultation with local stakeholders. Nine ecological hazard (stressor) categories were selected for study based on scientific criteria and resource limitations. Initial products included one or more stressor data sets (profiles) for each hazard category, which represented an initial attempt at creating a continuous baseline database necessary for subsequent ecosystem exposure assessment. Stressor profiles were developed from the interpolation of monitoring network point data, modeling forecasts, and the processing of continuous data sets. Disparate data resolutions and temporal inconsistences among profiles will require that uncertainties for each profile be documented during multiple stressor analysis. Such uncertainties in data quality must be effectively portrayed to illustrate how they can limit profile utility during quantitative exposure analysis. Current research efforts have focused on the identification of ecosystem receptor endpoints of critical importance to maintaining ecosystem function in the mid-Atlantic. This research includes the establishment of stressor–receptor exposure period, magnitude, and duration of biological importance in an initial survey-level analysis to support the selection of stressors and receptors for exposure assessment analysis. Subsequent to this selection process, receptor data sets will be assembled at appropriate spatial and temporal resolutions commensurate with the exposure pathway processes of interest. Exposure profiles will be developed based on the cooccurrence of both stressor and receptor in both space and time required to represent a biologically significant exposure.
Metallorganische Verbindungen, LVI<sup>1a)</sup> Kinetische Untersuchung der Isomerisierung von Tri‐tert.‐butyl‐ und Tri‐2‐propylaluminium (1973)

Abstract Die Isomerisierungen von Tri‐2‐propylaluminium ( 1 ) und von Tri‐tert.‐butylaluminium ( 3 ) zu Tri‐1‐propylaluminium ( 2 ) und Triisobutylaluminium ( 4 ) bei 120 bis 140°C werden 1 H‐NMR‐spektroskopisch verfolgt und nach reaktionskinetischen Gesichtspunkten ausgewertet. Die Isomerisierungen verlaufen nach dem Gesetz zweiter Ordnung. Als Aktivierungsparameter wurden für 1 Δ H * zu 26.2 kcal · mol −1 und Δ S * zu − 13 cal mol −1 grad −1 und für 3 Δ H * zu 29.8 kcal mol −1 und Δ S * zu – 5 cal mol −1 grad −1 bestimmt. Die Kinetik der Isomerisierung von Di‐tert.‐butyl‐methylaluminium ( 5 ) zeigt, daß die Isomerisierung zur Isobutyl‐methylaluminium‐Verbindung nur über das in einem Gleichgewicht vorhandene 3 abläuft. Aus NMR‐spektroskopischen Daten kann man schließen, daß in 1:1‐Mischungen von 3 mit Trimethylaluminium tert.‐Butyl‐dimethylaluminium der bevorzugte Verbindungstyp ist. – Der Reaktionsmechanismus der Isomerisierung über dimere Trialkylaluminium‐Verbindungen mit Wechselwirkung zwischen Aluminium und dem β‐C oder einem am β‐C gebundenen Wasserstoff wird diskutiert.
Tests and Field Map of LHCb Dipole Magnet (2006)

The LHCb experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is aimed to study CP violation and to measure the rare decays of B-mesons with exceptionally high precision. A 4 Tm dipole magnet is required for particle separation and momentum measurements. The 1600 ton warm magnet with sloping poles was installed and fully commissioned by the end of 2004. It is the first detector magnet of the four LHC experiments to have been aligned and commissioned in its final position. In this paper, the magnet installation in the underground cavern of Point 8 and its alignment on the beam line are shortly reviewed. Results of a first magnetic field mapping in the region of the magnet poles and the fringe field in the location of the RICH detectors are presented. The mechanical equipment used for the automatic displacement of the Hall probe array is described, together with the precision of the measurements obtained which are compared with TOSCA finite element calculations
Leuchtbakterien als Ausgangsprodukt für Isocitratase (1961)

Die beschriebene Isolierung von Leuchtbakterien-Isocitratase und die methodisch einfache Züchtung von Photobacterium fischen in submerser Kultur erlauben die Darstellung von Isocitratase im großen Ausmaß. Mit Hilfe der isoelektrischen Fällung eines wäßrigen Extraktes aus Acetontrockenpulver und anschließender Ammonsulfat-Fraktionierung läßt sich bei 2.05-m. Ammonsulfat-Konzen-tration Isocitratase aus Leuchtbakterien gewinnen. Das unter N 2 -Atmosphäre einige Tage stabile Ferment konnte 30-fach angereichert werden.
MCNP analysis of the FOEHN critical experiment (1993)

A very high fidelity MCNP model of the Franco-German FOEHN critical experiment has been developed. The results obtained show a high degree of agreement with each of the three configurations of the experiment. In particular, it is shown that the model reproduces the power density production distribution for all but a few of the experimental points internal to the core. Agreement for points of the axial ends at the core is less comprehensive. In the configurations that include boron axial core end covers, the agreement is similar within the core, but a few additional disagreement points arise at the axial ends of the core. The results remain consistent, however, with the statistical interpretation of MCNP tallies. The quantities computed also include the thermal flux in the reflector and the core multiplication factor for various critical configurations. It is found that the fluxes agree with the experiment within the experimental error bounds and two computational standard deviations. Most of the core multiplication results agree within three MCNP standard deviations. The overall conclusion of this study is that MCNP is an appropriate and valid computational tool for the static neutronic design of plate-fueled, heavy-water-moderated reactors, such as FOEHN or the Advanced Neutron Source.
A vision-based surgical tool tracking approach for untethered surgery simulation and training. (2005)

This paper presents progress in the development of an untethered surgery simulation and training system. A surgical trainee interacts with the simulation in the most natural way possible-using standard, untethered surgical tools and hands. This natural interface requires innovations in tracking, haptic feedback, and visualization. This article describes the approach used for tool tracking with color cameras. A novel tracking algorithm is used to identify the type of tool, its position, and its orientation. Integration of the vision system with the tissue deformation and visualization modules is also discussed.
An Infrared Television System for Hydrogen Flame Detection (1969)

Infrared sensitive vidicon camera system, utilizing a single camera operating in the near infrared, detects a hydrogen flame burning in a bright sunlit environment.
Mannose-Binding Lectin Augments the Uptake of Lipid A, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> , and <i>Escherichia coli</i> by Kupffer Cells through Increased Cell Surface Expression of Scavenger Receptor A (2006)

We investigated roles of scavenger receptor A (SR-A) and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in the uptake of endotoxin and bacteria by Kupffer cells. When [3H]lipid A was injected into retro-orbital plexus of mice, significantly less accumulation of lipid A in the liver was observed in SR-A-deficient mice and wild-type mice coinjected with fucoidan or acetylated low-density lipoprotein, which are known ligands for SR-A. Isolated Kupffer cells were able to take up [3H]lipid A in a time-dependent manner. The amount of lipid A associated with nonadherent Kupffer cells derived from SR-A-deficient mice was reduced by approximately 80% when compared with wild-type cells, indicating an important role of SR-A in endotoxin uptake by Kupffer cells. The lipid A uptake by Kupffer cells was significantly enhanced in the presence of rMBL. Coincubation of fucoidan with [3H]lipid A significantly inhibited the basal and the MBL-stimulated uptake of lipid A by Kupffer cells. Preincubation of MBL with Kupffer cells also increased the uptake of lipid A. These results indicate that MBL augments the SR-A-mediated uptake of lipid A by Kupffer cells. Consistently, the exposure of MBL to Kupffer cells increased cell surface SR-A expression. The phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by Kupffer cells was also enhanced by preincubation of MBL with the cells. In addition, MBL bound to lipid A, LPS, and S. aureus, and precipitated S. aureus. This study demonstrates important roles of SR-A and MBL in the uptake of endotoxin and bacteria by Kupffer cells.
Investigations into the Pd-catalysed cross-coupling of phenylacetylene with aryl chlorides: simple one-pot procedure and the effect of ZnCl2 co-catalysisElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: general experimental, procedure for cross-coupling experiments and characterization data for products. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b2/b200453b/ (2002)

[PdCl(C6H3(OPPri2)2-2,6)] 1 catalyses the coupling of electron-rich, electron-neutral and electron-deficient aryl chlorides with phenylacetylene in the presence of ZnCl2 as cocatalyst to give the products in modest to excellent yields.
BASIC MATERIAL RESULTING FROM ANL ROCKET STUDY (1963)

The design and development of rocket reactors are considered. Topics included are: thermodynamic calculations of vapor pressure of uranium dioxide, uranium xeonosulfide, uranium monocarbide, zirconium monocarbide, beryllia, and tungsten; thermodynamic calculations of equilibrium interactions of the above materials with hydrogen or water; verification of muitigroup constants used in reactor physics calculations; relations pertaining to a heat transfer parameter study; a heat transfer coefficient correlation for hydrogen; a FORTRAN-II subroutine to compute thermal properties of hydrogen; considerations pertaining to reactor control; and fuel plate stress analyses. (N.W.R.)
ChemInform Abstract: Structurally Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Synthetic Combinatorial Libraries (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
BIOCHEMICAL, PATHOLOGICAL, AND CLINICAL RESPONSE TO TRANSPLANTATION OF NORMAL BONE MARROW CELLS INTO ACID SPHINGOMYELINASE-DEFICIENT MICE1 (1998)

These results demonstrated that BMT could alter the pathologic phenotype in ASMKO mice, but that this procedure alone was not sufficient to elicit a complete therapeutic effect.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrolysis Pathways of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Organotellurium(II) Compounds. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Real-Time Carrier Phase Positioning Using the RTCM Standard Message Types 20/21 and 18/19. (1997)

Tom Ford obtained a B.Math in 1975 and a B.Sc. in 1981 from the Universities of Waterloo and Toronto, respectively. From 1981 to 1989 he designed software for inertial and GPS survey systems for Nortech Surveys Ltd. Since 1989, he has been at NovAtel Inc., and been involved with various areas of core technology development, including signal processing, and carrier based positioning with GPS, pseudolite and Glonass signals, and most recently attitude determination. ABSTRACT
Linkage heterogeneity between X-linked retinitis pigmentosa and a map of 10 RFLP loci. (1989)

In nine families in which X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) is segregating, the lod scores of XLRP in a map of 10 RFLP loci were obtained by multipoint linkage analysis. The XLRP locus was located telomeric to DXS7 in seven of the families and centromeric to DXS7 in two of the families. Under the hypothesis of two XLRP loci, a heterogeneity (admixture) test was performed, providing significant evidence of heterogeneity in XLRP (P less than .01). No correlation was detected between the clinical manifestations of XLRP and the two different disease loci.
First Atomic-Scale Insight into Degradation in Lithium Iron Phosphate Cathodes by Transmission Electron Microscopy (2020)

The capacity-voltage fade phenomenon in lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO<sub>4</sub>) lithium ion battery cathodes is not understood. We provide its first atomic-scale description, employing advanced transmission electron microscopy combined with electroanalysis and first-principles simulations. Cycling causes near-surface (∼30 nm) amorphization of the Olivine crystal structure, with isolated amorphous regions also being present deeper in the bulk crystal. Within this amorphous shell, some of the Fe<sup>2+</sup> is transformed into Fe<sup>3+</sup>. Simulations predict that amorphization significantly impedes ion diffusion in LiFePO<sub>4</sub> and even more severely in FePO<sub>4</sub>. The most significant barrier for ion transfer will be in the partially delithiated state due to the presence of FePO<sub>4</sub>, resulting in the inability to extract the remaining Li<sup>+</sup> and the observed capacity fade. The pyrrole coating suppresses the dissolution of Fe and allows for extended retention of the Olivine structure. It also reduces the level of crossover of iron to the metal anode and stabilizes its solid electrolyte interphase, thus also contributing to the half-cell cycling stability.
AIDA (2018)

With the tremendous growth in data science and machine learning, it has become increasingly clear that traditional relational database management systems (RDBMS) are lacking appropriate support for the programming paradigms required by such applications, whose developers prefer tools that perform the computation outside the database system. While the database community has attempted to integrate some of these tools in the RDBMS, this has not swayed the trend as existing solutions are often not convenient for the incremental, iterative development approach used in these fields. In this paper, we propose AIDA - an abstraction for advanced in-database analytics. AIDA emulates the syntax and semantics of popular data science packages but transparently executes the required transformations and computations inside the RDBMS. In particular, AIDA works with a regular Python interpreter as a client to connect to the database. Furthermore, it supports the seamless use of both relational and linear algebra operations using a unified abstraction. AIDA relies on the RDBMS engine to efficiently execute relational operations and on an embedded Python interpreter and NumPy to perform linear algebra operations. Data reformatting is done transparently and avoids data copy whenever possible. AIDA does not require changes to statistical packages or the RDBMS facilitating portability.
Design of a dynamic pipelined architecture for fuzzy color correction (2002)

Color correction, which nonlinearly converts the color coordinates of an input device such as the scanner and digital camera into that of an output device such as the color laser printer, is important for multimedia applications. In this work, we present a novel dynamic pipelined VLSI architecture for the fuzzy color correction algorithm (FCC) proposed by Jou et al. (see IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, vol.46, p.773-775, June 1998) to meet the speed requirement of time-critical applications. To promote the performance, the presented architecture is dynamically pipelined with unfixed or run-time determined latencies (or data initiation intervals) and the speculation technique is also applied, then the problems of arduous pipelining, due to the variant execution time of each iteration and slower executing of FCC are solved efficiently. As for data path design, a systematic design methodology of high-level synthesis is used. As a result, a significant (about 2 times) speedup of the dynamic pipelined architecture with a slight hardware overhead relative to the sequential one has been achieved.
A novel ZCS high step-up DC-DC converter for energy storage systems in DC traction vehicles (2017)

This paper proposes a new soft-switched High Step-up DC-DC converter for energy storage systems in DC traction vehicles. In this converter, soft-switching operation, i.e., zero current switching has been obtained by employing dual resonant auxiliary circuits to the conventional step-up DC-DC converter. The auxiliary resonant consists of additional auxiliary switches; inductor and capacitor are used to achieve soft-commutation especially when the main active switching devices are being turned-on to turned-off. The main active switching device of this converter achieves soft commutation with reduced voltage stresses and reduced switching losses. Firstly, the operation principles and its design analysis are discussed in detail. Finally, the simulation verification on an input with 100V and 350V/2kW converter system operated at 50kHz switching frequency to validate the theoretical expectations and its effectiveness.
Quantitative Synthesis of Aldehydes from Weinreb Amides Using Lithium Diisobutyl‐<i>t</i>‐Butoxyaluminum Hydride (<scp>LDBBA</scp>) (2015)

Aldehydes are prepared by partial reduction of Weinreb amides without over-reduction to alcohols in short time and with quantitative yields.
François Dosse, Histoire du structuralisme (1992)

Ruby Christian. François Dosse, Histoire du structuralisme. In: Raison présente, n°101, 1er trimestre 1992. La cité et le sacré. p. 195.
OSCAR experiment high-density network data report: Event 3 - April 16-17, 1981 (1984)

The OSCAR (Oxidation and Scavenging Characteristics of April Rains) experiment, conducted during April 1981, was a cooperative field investigation of wet removal in cyclonic storm systems. The high-density component of OSCAR was located in northeast Indiana and included sequential precipitation chemistry measurements on a 100 by 100 km network, as well as airborne air chemistry and cloud chemistry measurements, surface air chemistry measurements, and supporting meteorological measurements. Four separate storm events were studied during the experiment. This report summarizes data taken by Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) during the third storm event, April 16-17. The report contains the high-density network precipitation chemistry data, air chemistry and cloud chemistry data from the PNL aircraft, and meteorological data for the event, including standard National Weather Service products and radar and rawindsonde data from the network. 4 references, 76 figures, 6 tables.
Hypoxia induces transcriptional and translational downregulation of the type I IFN pathway in multiple cancer cell types (2020)

Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in solid tumors and is strongly linked to hallmarks of cancer. Recent evidence has shown that hypoxia promotes local immune suppression. Type I IFN supports cytotoxic T lymphocytes by stimulating the maturation of dendritic cells and enhancing their capacity to process and present antigens. However, little is known about the relationship between hypoxia and the type I IFN pathway, which comprises the sensing of double-stranded RNA and DNA (dsRNA/dsDNA) followed by IFNα/β secretion and transcriptional activation of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG). In this study, we determined the effects of hypoxia on the type I IFN pathway in breast cancer and the mechanisms involved. In cancer cell lines and xenograft models, mRNA and protein expressions of the type I IFN pathway were downregulated under hypoxic conditions. This pathway was suppressed at each level of signaling, from the dsRNA sensors RIG-I and MDA5, the adaptor MAVS, transcription factors IRF3, IRF7, and STAT1, and several ISG including RIG-I, IRF7, STAT1, and ADAR-p150. Importantly, IFN secretion was reduced under hypoxic conditions. HIF1α- and HIF2α-mediated regulation of gene expression did not explain most of the effects. However, ATAC-seq data revealed in hypoxia that peaks with STAT1 and IRF3 motifs had decreased accessibility. Collectively, these results indicate that hypoxia leads to an overall downregulation of the type I IFN pathway due to repressed transcription and lower chromatin accessibility in an HIF1/2α-independent manner, which could contribute to immunosuppression in hypoxic tumors.\n\n