gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF VFR LIGHTED FLYWAYS IN THE CHICAGO CLASS B AIRSPACE (1999)

The objective of this study was to develop a prototype to be used as a visual flight rule (VFR) flyway marker in the Chicago Class B airspace. By using visual markers as a reference, VFR aircraft may be persuaded from transitioning through controlled airspace. More importantly, by scanning outside more than at the onboard instrument, the pilot's probability to detect other aircraft, terrain, or obstructions would increase. In air-to-ground visual searches, size and color are the most important factors during daytime. With a 3-mile spacing, several testing schemes were developed to analyze the effect of size and colors on perceptibility. A commercially available structure manufactured by Sprung Instant Structure was determined to be the most economical. The recommended size is a ten-panel structure of 40 ft in diameter and 18 ft in height. The colors and marking pattern determined to be the most conspicuous and noticeable are the tangerine orange and yellow combination, with alternating solid colored pattern. Based upon laboratory testing, white lighting beacons capable of Morse code 'S' flashes should be used for nighttime. The intensity of the light should be 200,000, 20,000 and 8,000 candelas at daytime, dusk, and nighttime, respectively. Following laboratory testing, flight evaluations were conducted at the University of Illinois and Schaumburg airports. The result of this study has indicated that the prototype could be implemented as a VFR flyway marker. Further investigation is necessary, however, to fully understand its capability as well as its impact on aviation around the Chicago area.
Tapping Motion Analysis of a Cantilever based on Elastic Vibration Theory under the Condition that Impulsive Force and Moment are given on Its Tip. Analysis Method in the case that Modal Functions are not Orthogonal. (2002)

A new method of analyzing the tapping motion of a cantilever, on the tip of which impulsive force and moment are given, is proposed based on elastic vibration theory. In this method the contact object is assumed to be a spring of which stiffness is hard enough. The force which is given by the spring is regarded as the impulsive force. The product of this force by the gap length between the surface of cantilever and that of the contact object is regarded as the impulsive moment. Contact damping and air damping are also considered. It is newly proved that the modal functions, which satisfy the boundary condition, are not orthogonal in the state that the tip is contact with the object. Taking account of that, the method which solves the initial value problem by using a matrix operation is proposed. By joining the solution in the free state and that in the contact state so as to satisfy the initial conditions at every beginning and ending time of the contact successively, the behavior of the tapping vibration of the cantilever can be analyzed. A micro cantilever, which is assumed to be used for a probe memory head, is adopted as a numerical example, and the motion of it is analyzed by the proposed method. FEM analysis and experiments using a macro scale model are also carried out, and the validity and the merit of saving the calculating time of the proposed method are proved.
Preliminary Cryptanalysis of Reduced-Round Serpent (2000)

Abstract. Serpent is a 32-round AES block cipher finalist. In this paper we present several attacks on reduced-round variants of Serpent that require less work than exhaustive search. We attack six-round 256-bit Serpent using the meet-in-the-middle technique, 512 known plaintexts, 2 246 bytes of memory, and approximately 2 247 trial encryptions. For all key sizes, we attack six-round Serpent using standard differential cryptanalysis, 2 83 chosen plaintexts, 2 40 bytes of memory, and 2 90 trial encryptions. We present boomerang and amplified boomerang attacks on seven- and eight-round Serpent, and show how to break nine-round 256-bit Serpent using the amplified boomerang technique, 2 110 chosen plaintexts, 2 212 bytes of memory, and approximately 2 252 trial encryptions. 1
The C-class chemokine lymphotactin costimulates the apoptosis of human CD4+ T cells (2001)

Clonal expansion of activated T cells is controlled by homeostatic mechanisms leading to cell death of a large proportion of the cells. The CD3/TcR pathway induces cell death, mostly when triggered in the absence of costimulatory signal. The unique T cell-specific chemokine of the C class, lymphotactin (Lptn), has recently been shown to inhibit the production of Th1-type lymphokines in human CD4(+) T cells. The present study shows the ability of Lptn to costimulate the death of CD4(+) T lymphocytes triggered through CD3/TCR. The Lptn-mediated increased cell death exhibited characteristic features of apoptosis, as mainly determined by DNA fragmentation and exposure of an apoptotic-specific mitochondrial antigen. This apoptosis was dependent on Fas/FasL signaling, was not rescued by addition of interleukin 2, and proceeded with a predominant processing of both initiator procaspase-9 and effector procaspase-7. These caspase activities were further evidenced by specific cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and CD3/TCR zeta-chain, but not DNA fragmentation factor (DFF45). This study demonstrates that the functional repertoire of Lptn in the regulation of human CD4(+) T-lymphocyte activation includes the ability to costimulate apoptosis.
Echoes in Transmission at 450 Megacycles from Land-to-Car Radio Units (1950)

By the use of short pulses of 450-megacycle carrier, the echoes which appear in transmitting from a land station to a moving car in New York City have been investigated. The results show the multiple-path nature of transmission. Sample pictures of the received pulses are given, and, in addition, a statistical analysis of the multiple-path situation is presented. These results are of use in considering the possibilities of systems employing a wide modulation band.
Collision-induced dissociative chemisorption of adsorbates: Chemistry with a hammer (1987)

First Page
Wie bewegen sich Ladungen durch DNA? – Ein Zwischenbericht (1999)

Der Einfluß von Oligonucleotidsequenz, Basenpaarung, Basenstapelung und Mikrostruktur des Doppelstranges ebenso wie der Donor-Acceptor-Abstand, die Markierungsposition und die energetischen Verhältnisse sind bei der Untersuchung von Ladungstransferreaktionen in DNA von Interesse. Bisher wurden allerdings nur wenige Experimente durchgeführt, die sich mit diesen Aspekten befassen. In diesem Beitrag werden aktuelle Ergebnisse auf dem Gebiet der DNA-vermittelten Ladungsübertragung zusammengefaßt und Fragen zu Experiment und Theorie herausgearbeitet, die bislang noch unbeantwortet sind.
Performance of Oilwell Cementing Compositions in Geothermal Wells (1979)

Abstract Just a few years ago, there existed a great uncertainty regarding the durability of oilwell cements in geothermal wells. Limited, and at times apparently unreliable, information suggested that conventional well cements may not be sufficiently resistant to geothermal well fluids and temperatures for the expected 20- or 30-year service life of the average geothermal well. Therefore, we began to investigate the performance of numerous oilwell cementing compositions in actual geothermal environments.Duplicate samples were exposed to actual geothermal well temperatures and fluids in the Baca, NM, and Imperial Valley, CA, geothermal fields for periods of up to 1 year.A novel testing procedure for geothermal cements was developed and successfully applied in these experiments. Laboratory evaluation of the exposed samples measured the durability of various compositions.The work indicated that some oilwell cements apparently can be rendered sufficiently resistant to geothermal well conditions for the service life of a geothermal well. Introduction The research completed and reported here was prompted primarily by uncertainty about the durability of any cement to be applied in geothermal wells with bottomhole temperatures ranging from 400 to 750 deg. F (204 to 399 deg. C) or produced flashing brine. The required well-service life ranged from 20 to 30 years. Several problems existed. First, the literature contained little applicable information about high-temperature hydrothermal cement chemistry. Prediction of the service life of cements in geothermal environments on the basis of known cement chemistry clearly was impossible. Prediction was of vital concern to operators responsible for safe, as well as competent, geothermal wells, particularly when serious cement-strength retrogression and deterioration generally was known to occur at elevated temperatures.Second, results of an early field test [which exposed samples of oilwell cements as 2-in. (5-cm) precured cement cubes to 600 deg. F (316 deg. C) brine in a geothermal well for periods up to 1 year] strongly suggested that even the three best cementing compositions tested might deteriorate to less than minimum acceptable compressive strengths within 3 to 9 years during geothermal well service. Other field experiments with oilwell cements in contact with produced geothermal fluids also yielded information showing extremely rapid (30- to 60-day) cement deterioration in strength and permeability. Thus, an API Class G cement (without silica) completely disintegrated (to granular size) in 30 days when exposed to 460 deg. F (238 deg. C) steam. Significantly we found that this sample contained (on X-ray diffraction analysis) both dicalcium silicate hydrate and large amounts of calcium hydroxide and carbonate. In another sample of this cement, compressive strength degraded by 77% from 5,050 to 1,150 psi (34.8 to 7.93 MPa) and permeability increased from 0.012 to 8.3 md in 60 days of aging in a produced geothermal brine of only 320 deg. F (160 deg. C) temperature. SPEJ P. 233＾
Spatial and temporal variation in host–parasitoid interactions: leafcutter ant hosts and their phorid parasitoids (2017)

1. Parasitoid–host interactions are important components of ecological communities. Although parasitoid–host interactions are strongly shaped by evolutionary history, the abundance of both the parasitoid and the host may have a role in determining the nature of the interaction once phylogenetic relationships are considered. 2. Leafcutter ants are hosts of phorid parasitoids and represent a well‐defined and specialised module within a larger network of ant–symbiont interactions. A low specificity host taxa and a positive association between host abundance and parasitoid interaction frequency were expected due to the close phylogenetic relatedness of the hosts. 3. The interactions among all species of leafcutter ants and their parasitoids were quantified in two localities with different species richness. This study also characterised the spatial‐temporal variability of these interactions, determined the patterns of parasitoid specificity and host selection, and tested for an association between host abundance and parasitoid interaction frequency. 4. Contrary to expectation, most parasitoid species were highly specialised and interaction frequency for parasitoid species was not related to host abundance. All host ant species were attacked by more than one phorid species. Some phorid species used more than one host species and showed preference for the same species over space and time, suggesting that there are physiological and/or behavioural restrictions on host use. 5. These results show that there is a tendency for specialisation even when hosts are highly similar in their ecology. From a biological control perspective, these parasitoids may be effective candidates, due to the high specificity of some species and little host‐use variation through time.
Switched-capacitor simulation of grounded inductors and gyrators (1978)

A possible method for the simulation of a grounded inductor and a grounded gyrator, by active switched-capacitor combinations, is presented.
A conceptual framework for safe reconfiguration in open system of systems (2018)

Software-intensive systems in application domains like autonomous agriculture, avionics and healthcare need to be more and more adaptive. Dynamic integration of components and a subsequent reconfiguration at runtime results in changed functional and nonfunctional properties of the system. Taking into consideration that these systems often operate in safety-critical environment, reconfiguration apropos of safety becomes a crucial concern. To this end, we introduce a conceptual framework that aids in safe reconfiguration of an open system-of-system, by the means of systematic monitoring and evaluation of the system and its components at runtime. We employ an example from autonomous agricultural domain to illustrate our concept and conclude this paper with discussing our planned future work.
LASER ZEEMAN SPECTROSCOPY OF THE $\nu_{2}$ FUNDAMENTAL BAND OF HCO (1977)

$^{1}$B. M. Landsberg, T. Oka, and A. J. Merer, Paper $\Sigma$18, 30th Symposium on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy, The Ohio State University (1975); and Paper MM3, 31st Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy, The Ohio State University (1976); and to be published.
Use of dystrophin genomic and cDNA probes for solving difficulties in carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (1992)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) results from mutations in the X-linked gene coding for the muscular protein dystrophin. The isolation of genomic and cDNA probes for this gene has greatly facilitated the detection of DMD carriers, which previously relied mainly on measurements of serum creatine kinase (CK), and has enabled prenatal diagnosis of this disease. However, the relatively large size of the gene and the high frequency of recombination and mutation events within the dystrophin locus continue to pose difficulties in the genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis of DMD, and render the conclusions of molecular analysis less clear cut. This communication presents examples of two such difficulties: the distinction between sporadic and inherited cases in families with a single patient and normal CK levels in all females, and the distinction between mutant and normal dystrophin alleles in families in which the patients have died. The combined use of genomic and cDNA probes allows one to make these distinctions. An additional complicating factor, gonadal mosaicism, is demonstrated.
Evaluation of End-Capped DNA Modules for pRNA Capture and Functionalization (2012)

The ability of packaging RNA (pRNA) from the phi29 DNA packaging motor to form nanoassemblies and nanostructures has been exploited for the development of the nascent field of RNA nanotechnology and subsequent applications in nanomedicine. For applications in nanomedicine, it is necessary to modify the pRNA structure for the conjugation of active molecules. We have investigated end-capped double-stranded DNA segments as reversible capture reagents for pRNA. These capture agents can be designed to allow the conjugation of any desired molecule for pRNA functionalization. The results of model studies presented in this report show that 5- to 7-nucleotide overhangs on a target RNA can provide efficient handles for the high-affinity association to capped double-stranded DNA.
Femtosecond laser processing of evanescence field coupled waveguides in single mode glass fibers for optical 3D shape sensing and navigation (2015)

Fiber Bragg grating based optical shape sensing is a new and promising approach to gather position and path information in environments where classical imaging systems fail. Especially a real-time in-vivo navigation of medical catheter or endoscope without any further requirements (such as the continuous exposure to x-rays) could provide a huge advantage in countless areas in medicine. Multicore fibers or bundles of glass fibers have been suggested for realizing such shape sensors, but to date all suffer from severe disadvantages. We present the realization of a third approach. With femtosecond laser pulses local waveguides are inscribed into the cladding of a standard single mode glass fiber. The evanescence field of the main fiber core couples to two S-shaped waveguides, which carry the light to high reflective fiber Bragg gratings located approx. 30 μm away from the centered fiber core in an orthogonal configuration. Part of the reflected light is coupled back to the fiber core and can be read out by a fiber Bragg grating interrogator. A typical spectrum is presented as well as the sensor signal for bending in all directions and with different radii. The entire sensor plane has an elongation of less than 4 mm and therefore enables even complicated and localized navigation applications such as medical catheters. Finally a complete 3D shape sensor in a single mode fiber is presented together with an exemplary application for motion capturing.
On the Escape Velocity in General Relativity and the Problem of Dark Matter (2015)

The paper is concerned with analysis of the escape velocity for a spherical star within the framework of the Classical Gravitation Theory (CGT) and the General Theory of Relativity (GTR). In GTR, two possible results corresponding to the classical and the generalized Schwarzschild solutions are obtained. For the latter solution which, in contrast to the former one, is not singular, the critical radius of the star for which the particle cannot leave the surface even if the initial velocity of the particle is equal to the velocity of light is found and is associated with the radius of the Dark Star introduced in the 18-th century by J. Michel and P. Laplace. As shown, the radius of the largest visible star, i.e., the red supergiant UY Scutti, is much larger than the obtained critical radius. If the Dark Stars whose radii are smaller than the critical radius exist, they are hypothetically not visible and can concentrate the matter that cannot be observed.
A New Class of Layered Microporous Materials: Crystal Structure of Disodium Pentakis(trimethylphenylammonium) Bis[tris(oxalato(2-))chromate(III)] Chloride Pentahydrate (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Class of Layered Microporous Materials: Crystal Structure of Disodium Pentakis(trimethylphenylammonium) Bis[tris(oxalato(2-))chromate(III)] Chloride PentahydrateRodney P. Farrell, Trevor W. Hambley, and Peter A. LayCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 4, 757–758Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00108a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00108a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views206Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Predominant recognition of the ESAT-6 protein in the first phase of interferon with Mycobacterium bovis in cattle (1997)

Tuberculosis continues to be a worldwide health problem for both humans and animals. The development of improved vaccines and diagnostic tests requires detailed understanding of the immune responses generated and the antigens recognized during the disease. This study examined the T-cell response which develops in cattle experimentally infected with Mycobacterium bovis. The first significant T-cell response was found 3 weeks after the onset of infection and was characterized by a pronounced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) response from peripheral blood mononuclear cells directed to antigens in culture filtrates. Short-term culture filtrate (ST-CF) was separated into molecular mass fractions and screened for recognition by T cells from experimentally infected and field cases of bovine tuberculosis. Cattle in the early stages of experimental infection were characterized by strong IFN-gamma responses directed predominantly toward the lowest-mass (<10-kDa) fraction of ST-CF, but cattle in later stages of experimental infection (16 weeks postinfection) exhibited a broader recognition of antigens of various molecular masses. Field cases of bovine tuberculosis, in comparison, preferentially recognized low-mass antigens, characteristic of animals in the early stages of infection. The major T-cell target for this dominant IFN-gamma response was found to be the secreted antigen ESAT-6. This antigen was recognized strongly by the majority of field cases of bovine tuberculosis tested. As ESAT-6 is unique to pathogenic mycobacterial species, our study suggests that ESAT-6 is an antigen with major potential for vaccination against and specific diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis.
Non-conventional synthesis and magnetic properties of MAX phases (Cr/Mn)<sub>2</sub>AlC and (Cr/Fe)<sub>2</sub>AlC (2017)

Mn- and Fe-doping of bulk MAX phase Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC was achieved by microwave heating and spark plasma sintering and non-trivial magnetism is discussed.
Model-based target recognition in pulsed ladar imagery (2002)

A pulsed laser radar (ladar) based object recognition system with applications to automatic target recognition is reported. The approach used is to fit the sensed range images to the range templates extracted using laser physics based simulation of Computer Aided Design target models. A projection based pre-screener filters out more than 80 percent of candidate templates. An M of N pixel matching scheme for internal shape matching combined with a silhouette matching scheme is used for recognition. The system has been blind tested on a data set containing 276 real ladar images of military vehicles at various orientations and different ranges. The system achieves above 90 percent accuracy in recognition of 0.4 meters resolution ladar images.
An analysis of the factors affecting the sustainability of ICT4D initiatives (2011)

The sustainability of ICT for Development (ICT4D) initiatives remains an enduring concern, and projects typically have a high rate of failure. ICT4D is in flux and the trends are analysed to show how sustainability issues have changed from requirements for external support via governments or funding agencies to self-sufficiency (mainly) based on economic viability. Sustainability is typically defined in terms of financial, social, institutional, technological, and environmental aspects. The major factors influencing the sustainability of ICT4D projects in poor rural areas are summarised via a systems analysis. The questions posed by this analysis may be partially addressed by strategies based upon the concept of human scale development. Two ICT4D initiatives that are concerned with enterprise development are used to illustrate the practical realisation of aspects of such a strategy.