gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and preparation of μ‐bimodal porous scaffold for tissue engineering (2007)

Abstract The aim of this study was to prepare poly‐ϵ‐caprolactone (PCL) foams, with a well‐defined micrometric and bimodal open‐pore dimension distribution, suitable as scaffolds for tissue engineering. The porous network pathway was designed without using toxic agents by combining gas foaming (GF) and selective polymer extraction techniques. PCL was melt‐mixed with thermoplastic gelatin (TG) in concentrations ranging from 40 to 60 wt %, to achieve a cocontinuous blend morphology. The blends were subsequently gas foamed by using N 2 ‐CO 2 mixtures, with N 2 amount ranging from 0 to 80 vol %. Foaming temperature was changed from 38 to 110°C and different pressure drop rates were used. After foaming, TG was removed by soaking in H 2 O. The effect of blend compositions and GF process parameters on foam morphologies was investigated. Results showed that different combinations of TG weight ratios and GF parameters allowed the modulation of macroporosity fraction, microporosity dimension, and degree of interconnection. By optimizing the process parameters it was possible to tailor the morphologies of highly interconnected PCL scaffolds for tissue engineering. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Thermal and deformation analyses of a novel cryogenically cooled monochromator for an Advanced Photon Source beamline (1994)

The analytical results and design considerations for a novel cryogenically cooled Advanced Photon Source (APS) monochromator are presented. Because the monochromator uses silicon crystal, cryogenic cooling enables one to take advantage of the high conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient of silicon at cryogenic temperatures. The APS monochromator features a machined slot with variable thickness below the surface. With this configuration, only a fraction of the total undulator power is absorbed by the crystal; the remaining power is transmitted through the crystal and is absorbed b a second element that can be cooled by standard cooling techniques. A variety of analyses has been performed with different parameters and configurations to maximize the performance of the monochromator and minimize the total absorbed power by the crystal.
INFINITE-SERIES REPRESENTATIONS OF LAPLACE TRANSFORMS OF PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTIONS FOR NUMERICAL INVERSION (1999)

In order to numerically invert Laplace transforms to calculate probability density functions(pdf's) and cumulative distribution functions(cdf's) in queueing and related models, we need to be able to calculate the Laplace transform values. In many cases the desired Laplace transform values (e.g., of a waiting-time cdf) can be computed when the Laplace transform values of component pdf's (e.g., of a service-time pdf) can be computed. However, there are few explicit expressions for Laplace transforms of component pdf's available when the pdf does not have a pure exponential tail. In order to remedy this problem, we propose the construction of infinite-series representations for Laplace transforms of pdf's and show how they can be used to calculate transform values. We use the Laplace transforms of exponential pdf's, Laguerre functions and Erlang pdf's as basis elements in the series representations. We develop several specific parametric families of pdf's in this infinite-series framework. We show how to determine the asymptotic form of the pdf from the series representation and how to truncate so as to preserve the asymptotic form for a time of interest.
Acoustical features of two Mayan monuments at Chichen Itza: Accident or design? (2002)

Chichen Itza dominated the early postclassic Maya world, ca. 900–1200 C.E. Two of its colossal monuments, the Great Ball Court and the temple of Kukulkan, reflect the sophisticated, hybrid culture of a Mexicanized Maya civilization. The architecture seems intended for ceremony and ritual drama. Deducing ritual practices will advance the understanding of a lost civilization, but what took place there is largely unknown. Perhaps acoustical science can add value. Unexpected and unusual acoustical features can be interpreted as intriguing clues or irrelevant accidents. Acoustical advocates believe that, when combined with an understanding of the Maya worldview, acoustical features can provide unique insights into how the Maya designed and used theater spaces. At Chichen Itza’s monuments, sound reinforcement features improve rulers and priests ability to address large crowds, and Ball Court whispering galleries permit speech communication over unexpectedly large distances. Handclaps at Kukulkan stimulate chirps that mimic a revered bird (‘‘Kukul’’), thus reinforcing cultic beliefs. A ball striking playing field wall stimulates flutter echoes at the Great Ball Court; their strength and duration arguably had dramatic, mythic, and practical significance. Interpretations of the possible mythic, magic, and political significance of sound phenomena at these Maya monuments strongly suggests intentional design.
Normal shock wave properties in dissociated chlorine (1970)

Abstract : Utilizing the computer program developed by Law and Bristow accurate tables for the gas dynamic and thermodynamic properties behind incident and reflected shock waves has been constructed for gaseous chlorine in dissociation equilibrium. The values of the temperature and pressure behind the respective shocks have been computed within 0.1% of the exact root. Second order correction factors for the molecular partition function have also been taken into acount. The initial temperature is taken to be 298.13K. The initial pressures cover the range from 0.01 to 2000 mm Hg and the incident shock Mach number is varied in increments of 0.1 from 1.1 to 16. Tables with initial temperatures 290K and 295K for initial pressures 1 mm Hg and 10 mm Hg have also been incorporated to illustrate the dependence of the normal shock properties on the initial temperature. In additional a table of data is included which corresponds to vibration-vibration equilibrium for an initial temperature of 298.13K and initial pressure of 1 mm Hg. (Author)
Role of Transition Metal in Fast Oxidation Reaction on the Pt<sub>3</sub>TM (111) (TM = Ni, Co) Surfaces (2013)

Revealing the electronic structures of Pt-alloys explains why the addition of transition metal to Pt speeds up the oxygen reduction reaction. It is found that transition metals in the subsurface induce charge polarization at the surface and suppresses the surface-states. The modified surface-states of Pt surface layer critically affects the chemical bonding between oxygen and Pt surfaces.
Physics-based analysis of the hydrodynamic stress in a fluid-particle system (2010)

The paper begins by showing how standard results on the average hydrodynamic stress in a uniform fluid-particle system follow from a direct, elementary application of Cauchy’s stress principle. The same principle applied to the angular momentum balance proves the emergence, at the mesoscale, of an antisymmetric component of the volume-averaged hydrodynamic stress irrespective of the particle Reynolds number. Several arguments are presented to show the physical origin of this result and to explain how the averaging process causes its appearance at the mesoscale in spite of the symmetry of the microscale stress. Examples are given for zero and finite Reynolds number, and for potential flow. For this last case, the antisymmetric stress component vanishes, but the Cauchy principle proves nevertheless useful to derive in a straightforward way known results and to clarify their physical nature.
FTIR JET SPECTRA OF THE UNSTABLE CHAIN MOLECULES NCCNO AND $OC_{5}O$ MEASURED WITH A MULTIPASS SYSTEM (1999)

Rovibrational spectra of several stretching modes of the unstable molecules NCCNO and $OC_{5}O$ have been recorded by high resolution FTIR spectroscopy. A large number of hot bands, due to several excited states of low-lying bending vibrations, causes an enormous density of spectral lines. In order to obtain spectroscopic assignments we have also measured the FTIR jet spectra of both molecules. For this purpose a new multipass optical system has been developed. The multireflection configuration consists of two spherical mirrors facing each other within the jet apparatus. Each mirror is provided with a small central hole for coupling light through the mirror system. The combination of jet and room temperature data enabled us to perform a detailed spectroscopical analysis of the rovibrational transitions.
Kirsten sarcoma virus-immortalized mast cell lines. Reversible inhibition of growth by dexamethasone and evidence for the presence of an autocrine growth factor. (1994)

Expansion of mast cell numbers occurs in vivo during certain inflammatory reactions, including active fibrosis, parasite infestations, and immediate hypersensitivity reactions. T cell-produced cytokines, including IL-3 and IL-4, are thought to control this mast cell proliferation in part, and glucocorticoid regulation of T cell-produced cytokines is thought to account for diminished mast cell proliferation during administration of glucocorticoids in vivo. Here we show that glucocorticoids have a direct inhibitory effect on proliferation of Kirsten sarcoma virus-immortalized mast cells (KiSV-MC) in vitro, with an ID50 of 1.0 +/- 0.2 nM dexamethasone (mean +/- SD, n = 4). At 10 nM dexamethasone, KiSV-MC proliferation was inhibited by 83 +/- 5% (mean +/- SD, n = 4). As determined by trypan blue staining and [3H]TdR incorporation, the glucocorticoid-mediated growth inhibition was due to diminished mast cell proliferation rather than cell death and was completely reversible after 6 days of glucocorticoid treatment. By cell cycle analysis, glucocorticoids diminished the percentage of mast cells in S phase and increased the percentage in G0-G1 phase. Although we show that the KiSV-MC proliferate via an autocrine mechanism, glucocorticoid treatment of the KiSV-MC did not inhibit their production of the autocrine growth factor. During 6 days of treatment with 1 to 1000 nM dexamethasone, mast cell carboxypeptidase activity increased by a maximum of 3.5-fold. In contrast, total chymotryptic and tryptic esterase activities diminished by as much as 40% with dexamethasone treatment. We conclude that glucocorticoids directly affect mast cell growth and differentiation at levels equal to the reported Kd for glucocorticoid receptors on other immune cells.
The use of radiocarbon <sup>14</sup> C to constrain carbon dynamics in the soil module of the land surface model ORCHIDEE (SVN r5165) (2018)

Abstract. Despite the importance of soil as a large component of the terrestrial ecosystems, the soil compartments are not well represented in the Land Surface Models (LSMs). Indeed, soils in current LSMs are generally represented based on a very simplified schema that can induce a misrepresentation of the deep dynamics of soil carbon. Here, we present a new version of the IPSL-Land Surface Model called ORCHIDEE-SOM, incorporating the 14C dynamic in the soil. ORCHIDEE-SOM, first, simulates soil carbon dynamics for different layers, down to 2 m depth. Second, concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and its transport are modeled. Finally, soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition is considered taking into account the priming effect. After implementing the 14C in the soil module of the model, we evaluated model outputs against observations of soil organic carbon and 14C activity (F14C) for different sites with different characteristics. The model managed to reproduce the soil organic carbon stocks and the F14C along the vertical profiles. However, an overestimation of the total carbon stock was noted, but was mostly marked on the surface. Then, thanks to the introduction of 14C, it has been possible to highlight an underestimation of the age of carbon in the soil. Thereafter, two different tests on this new version have been established. The first was to increase carbon residence time of the passive pool and decrease the flux from the slow pool to the passive pool. The second was to establish an equation of diffusion, initially constant throughout the profile, making it vary exponentially as a function of depth. The first modifications did not improve the capacity of the model to reproduce observations whereas the second test showed a decrease of the soil carbon stock overestimation, especially at the surface and an improvement of the estimates of the carbon age. This assumes that we should focus more on vertical variation of soil parameters as a function of depth, mainly for diffusion, in order to upgrade the representation of global carbon cycle in LSMs, thereby helping to improve predictions of the future response of soil organic carbon to global warming.
The Impact of a Low Carbohydrate, High Protein Intervention on Biochemical Indices in Adults with the Metabolic Syndrome (2006)

Nearly 25% of U.S. adults meet the criteria for metabolic syndrome. An observational study was conducted to evaluate the health outcomes associated with the South Beach Diet in adults with the syndrome (n=21). Participants received nutrition counseling for phases 1 (10% of energy from CHO) and 2 (27% of energy from CHO) of the diet. Assessment measures were collected at baseline, 2 weeks (phase 1), and 3 months (phase 2). Mean change in weight, waist circumference, BMI, cholesterol, triglycerides, cholesterol/HDL ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly improved following phase 1, but postprandial glucose increased (all p<.05). Following phase 2, postprandial glucose significantly decreased, but mean change in systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, and cholesterol/HDL ratio significantly increased (all p<.05). The overall mean (±SD) change from baseline to the 3‐month measure remained significantly improved for weight (5.0 ± 3.4 kg), waist circumference (−5.6 ± 4.1 cm), BMI (−1.8 ± 1.1 kg/m 2 ), systolic blood pressure (−7.5 ± 7.6 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (−8.1 ± 11.9 mmHg), triglycerides (−37.0 ± 112.5 mg/dl), and cholesterol/HDL ratio (−0.2 ± 0.8). The South Beach diet may offer an effective therapy for improving certain biomarkers and anthropometric measures in those with the metabolic syndrome. Long‐term effectiveness of the diet requires further investigation.
High-Capacity Chipless RFID Tag Insensitive to the Polarization (2012)

Designing a reader for chipless RFID is a hard task since both the polarization and operating frequency agility have to be implemented. The new tag design proposed in this paper is polarization independent, making the design of the reader easier since only linear polarization is needed to detect the tag. The proposed chipless tag is based on multiple circular ring patch resonators. The coding capacity of this tag reaches 19 bits within a compact surface of cm . Further, the frequency band is within 3.1 to 10.6 GHz to be compliant with FCC and ECC regulations for UWB. This new design is experimentally validated in the frequency domain using bi-static measurement set-up. Both amplitude and group delay responses of the tag are investigated and carried out.
Scalp Dermatology for the Hair Restoration Surgeon (2007)

1. Bernard P. Nusbaum, MD 1. Miami, Florida Actinic (sun) damage thins the connective tissue of the scalp and possibly increases the incidence of avascular recipient necrosis and/or poor growth after hair transplantation. As an intra-operative adjustment for the recipient anesthesia in these
Conventional Oil and Gas (2014)

The characteristics of the major types of conventional oil and gas and the means by which they are produced are described briefly. Over the last decade technology-driven developments, primarily in the United States, have put, in our opinion, shale gas and tight oil into the conventional category, so they are also included. Estimates of the remaining reserves, along with historical estimates derived from authoritative sources, are summarised with projections and comments concerning the contentious concept of peak oil and gas. The discussion also includes the liquefaction of natural gas which we speculate will, in the future, be the transportation fuel of choice. The preference towards all forms of natural gas arises from the requirement to reduce emissions of CO2 and the resulting global warming in a socially and economically viable manner without recourse to a step-change in the infrastructure associated with transportation and energy supply. Thus global warming and carbon mitigation are briefly discussed.
Rohrs examples and robustness of simple adaptive control (2002)

Some examples of low-order adaptive controllers are considered. Simple arguments are used to show that the instability properties of adaptive controllers are not necessarily the result of some unmodeled dynamics. The particular low-order adaptive controllers maintain stability within the same admissible gain bounds as the corresponding stationary linear controllers. Solutions are proposed to improve robustness of adaptive controllers
Pump-to-Signal Intensity Noise Transfer as the Mechanism of Self-Pulsing in Erbium Doped Fiber Laser (2009)

We report experimental and theoretical characterization of self-pulsing in high concentration erbium doped fiber laser which is free from erbium clusters. Unlike previous models of self-pulsing which account for pair-induced quenching (PIQ) on the clustered erbium ions, new model includes statistical nature of the excitation migration and upconversion, and resonance-like pump-to-signal intensity noise transfer. The obtained results are in a good agreement with the experimental data.
Measuring Gold Nanoparticle Concentrations In Tissue Using Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy (2007)

We developed diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) to non-invasively measure gold nanoparticle concentrations within tissue. We demonstrate DOS's accuracy to quantify nanoparticle concentrations using tissue phantoms and an in vivo murine model.
Exploring State Diagram-based Web Browser Programming (2007)

Over the last few years a great deal of interest has focused on a major paradigm shift in World Wide Web-based services referred to as Web 2.0. In marked contrast to the earlier Web, in Web 2.0 sites become sources of information and functionality that enable users to create new content of their own. Consequently, users are now looking for more versatile browsers that will let them edit and display content based on their own preferences. This motivated us to develop a state diagram-based Web browser programming scheme that supports the close interaction between the end-user and Web content. Using state diagrams to represent browser behavior is easier for end-users with little or no programming experience to grasp than text-based programming systems.
Cyclic Alkyl(amino) Carbene-Stabilized Monoradicals of Organosilicon(IV) Compounds with Small Substituents (2019)

Radicals and biradicals can easily be obtained when silicon(IV) compounds are reduced and stabilized by the Lewis base cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene (cAAC = C(CH2)(CMe2)2N-Dipp, Dipp = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3) featuring strong σ-donor and π-acceptor properties. To obtain the cAAC-stabilized monoradicals with halogen and alkyl substituents at the silicon(IV) atoms, the Ar substituent (Ar = o-C6H4NMe2) was employed to act as a side-arm nitrogen donor ligand. The resulting monoradicals ArSiCl2(cAAC) (4) and ArSiRCl(cAAC) (R = Me 5; Et 6) were isolated by the reduction of ArSiCl2 (1) and ArSiRCl2 (R = Me 2; Et 3) with KC8 in the presence of cAAC with a strict ratio of 1:1:1. The three room-temperature stable radicals were kept for at least 3 months in the solid state under dry N2 atmosphere without decomposition. All the compounds were fully characterized by liquid injection field desorption/ionization–mass spectrometry, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, UV/vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray crystallographic studies.
Beyond network equivalence (2009)

In earlier work, we described an equivalence result for network capacity. Roughly, that result is as follows. Given a network of noisy, memoryless, point-to-point channels, replace each channel by a noiseless, memoryless bit pipe of the same capacity yields a new network such that any collection of demands can be met on the network of noisy links if and only if the same demands can be met on the network of noiseless links. We here expand on these ideas to provide a framework for studying more general networks, including networks containing memoryless broadcast, multiple access, and interference channels. For each network in this broader class, we design two corresponding networks of noiseless, memoryless point-to-point links. These two networks provide upper and lower bounds in the following sense. Fix an arbitrary collection of demands. If the given demands can be met on the lower bounding network, then they can also be met on the original network. Likewise, if the given demands can be met on the original network, then they can also be met on the upper bounding network.
Recommendations for the development of rare disease drugs using the accelerated approval pathway and for qualifying biomarkers as primary endpoints (2015)

For rare serious and life-threatening disorders, there is a tremendous challenge of transforming scientific discoveries into new drug treatments. This challenge has been recognized by all stakeholders who endorse the need for flexibility in the regulatory review process for novel therapeutics to treat rare diseases. In the United States, the best expression of this flexibility was the creation of the Accelerated Approval (AA) pathway. The AA pathway is critically important for the development of treatments for diseases with high unmet medical need and has been used extensively for drugs used to treat cancer and infectious diseases like HIV.In 2012, the AA provisions were amended to enhance the application of the AA pathway to expedite the development of drugs for rare disorders under the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act (FDASIA). FDASIA, among many provisions, requires the development of a more relevant FDA guidance on the types of evidence that may be acceptable in support of using a novel surrogate endpoint. The application of AA to rare diseases requires more predictability to drive greater access to appropriate use of AA for more rare disease treatments that might not be developed otherwise.This white paper proposes a scientific framework for assessing biomarker endpoints to enhance the development of novel therapeutics for rare and devastating diseases currently without adequate treatment and is based on the opinions of experts in drug development and rare disease patient groups. Specific recommendations include: 1) Establishing regulatory rationale for increased AA access in rare disease programs; 2) Implementing a Biomarker Qualification Request Process to provide the opportunity for an early determination of biomarker acceptance; and 3) A proposed scientific framework for qualifying biomarkers as primary endpoints. The paper's final section highlights case studies of successful examples that have incorporated biomarker endpoints into FDA approvals for rare disease therapies. The focus of this paper is on the situation in the Unites States, but the recommendations are reasonably applicable to any jurisdiction.
Primary mediastinal liposarcoma with moderately high CT attenuation. (1996)

LettersOctober 1996Primary mediastinal liposarcoma with moderately high CT attenuation.Authors: G Santamaría, X Serres, X Pruna, and P ForcadaAuthor Info & AffiliationsVolume 167, Issue 4https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.167.4.8819415 METRICS otherformats