gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
polyimides containing s‐triazine rings in the main chain: Synthesis and characterization (1993)

Abstract Eight s ‐triazine‐containing polyimides were synthesized by solution polycondensation of diisocyanates having an s ‐triazine ring with pyromellitic dianhydride in dimethylacetamide. Polyimides derived from meta ‐oriented diisocyanates were amorphous and soluble in dipolar aprotic solvents while those based on para ‐oriented diisocyanates were semicrystalline and insoluble in organic solvents. However, all the polyimides were soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid. The polyimides showed similar patterns of decomposition with no weight loss below 300°C in air.
Dimensioning of the shared transport network for collocated multiradio: LTE and HSDPA (2012)

Due to the coexistence of different generations of mobile radio technologies, more and more mobile network operators are keen on deploying multiple radio technologies on a single cell site and carry their traffic over a common transport network. This paper studies such a collocated multiradio system: collocated LTE and HSDPA. Firstly, we investigate the potential gain by using a shared transport network to carry different radio technologies. Furthermore, this paper proposes analytical models to dimension the shared transport network for elastic traffic (TCP-based traffic) from the different radio technologies, by taking traffic characteristics, QoS requirements of each radio technology and the deployed transport QoS function and packet scheduling into considerations. The proposal for modeling the shared transport network is to apply the M/G/R-PS model per QoS class while taking the potential multiplexing gain of bandwidth sharing among the different QoS classes into account. For validating the analytical models, a system simulation model is developed. The analytical results derived from the proposed dimensioning models are validated by comparing with the simulation results for various traffic and network scenarios. Presented results demonstrate that proposed analytical models are well suitable for dimensioning of the shared transport network. With the help of the proposed analytical models, we analyze the potential sharing gain of such a shared transport system under different traffic loads and mix of different radio technologies.
Is short luteal phase the infertility problem (1982)

The diagnosis pathogenesis and clinical management of short luteal phase as a cause of infertility are evaluated in a clinical conference transcript from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University. 2 cases which illustrate the frustrating and elusive nature of this disorder are presented. In the 1st case involving a 36-year old gravida with a 4 1/2 year history of infertility inadequate luteal phase was diagnosed after biopsy showed a day 16 endometrium on day 20. Treatment with clomiphene plus human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) lengthened the patients cycle from 28 to 32 days with a luteal phase of 12-14 days but did not result in pregnancy. The patient then conceived spontaneously during a 3rd biopsy cycle. The 2nd patient a 34-year old gravida with a 2-year history of infertility was treated with bromocriptine and later with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and hCG but cycle length did not improve the luteal phase remained short and there was no pregnancy. It is theorized that inadequate luteal phase is a disorder of folliculogenesis: deficiencies in the early development of the follicle result in poor progesterone production during the luteal phase. Luteal phase insufficiency is usually diagnosed on the basis of basal body temperature serum progesterone determinations or endometrial biopsy. The disorder has been overdiagnosed; its actual incidence is considered to be less than 1% among infertile women. Biopsy taken between days 23-27 and from the anterior surface of the uterus is the preferred diagnostic method. A discrepancy of 2-3 days between the biopsy dating and a backward count from the onset of the next menstrual cycle (termed day 28) is considered diagnostic of short luteal phase. At least 2 consecutive abnormal cycles should be observed since up to 12% of women with normal cycles have periodic inadquate luteal phases. Endometrial biopsy does not interfere with a conception. There are 2 treatment protocols: 1) replace the deficient progesterone by giving a natural hormone in vaginal suppositories when temperature elevation occurs or 2) enhance folliculagenesis through bromocriptine clomiphene and gonadotropins. Future treatment possibilities include enhancement of gonodotripin-releasing hormone (GnRH) activity early in the follicular phase using pulsatile GnRH delivery systems; and clomiphene or hMG administration on day 1 or before onset of menses. The role of inhibin is unexplored but may be significant to future understanding.
A Collaborative Screening Program for the Discovery of Inhibitors of HCV NS2/3 cis-Cleaving Protease Activity (2002)

This report describes the development of a cell-based assay for high-throughput screening and detection of small-molecule inhibitors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS2/3 protease. The HCV NS2/3 protease is essential for the normal infectious cycle of HCV. Generation of a cell-based assay for this cis-acting viral protease involved reporter constructs in which the NS2/3 protease sequence was inserted between the β-lactamase (BLA) reporter and a ubiquitin-based destabilization domain. In stable cell lines, NS2/3 cis cleavage of the NS2/3-BLA fusion protein resulted in differential stability of the cleaved versus uncleaved BLA reporter, providing a robust readout for protease activity. BLA reporter activity was shown to be a function of NS2/3-specific protease activity, by using genetic mutants of the NS2/3 sequence. In addition, the cell-based assay was validated and screened in a 384-well format on a fully automated robotic platform where small-molecule inhibitors of NS2/3 protease activity were identified.
The pulse-train auditory aftereffect and the perception of rapid amplitude modulations (2008)

Prolonged listening to a pulse train with repetition rates around 100 Hz induces a striking aftereffect, whereby subsequently presented sounds are heard with an unusually "metallic" timbre [Rosenblith et al., Science 106, 333-335 (1947)]. The mechanisms responsible for this auditory aftereffect are currently unknown. Whether the aftereffect is related to an alteration of the perception of temporal envelope fluctuations was evaluated. Detection thresholds for sinusoidal amplitude modulation (AM) imposed onto noise-burst carriers were measured for different AM frequencies (50-500 Hz), following the continuous presentation of a periodic pulse train, a temporally jittered pulse train, or an unmodulated noise. AM detection thresholds for AM frequencies of 100 Hz and above were significantly elevated compared to thresholds in quiet, following the presentation of the pulse-train inducers, and both induced a subjective auditory aftereffect. Unmodulated noise, which produced no audible aftereffect, left AM detection thresholds unchanged. Additional experiments revealed that, like the Rosenblith et al. aftereffect, the effect on AM thresholds does not transfer across ears, is not eliminated by protracted training, and can last several tens of seconds. The results suggest that the Rosenblith et al. aftereffect is related to a temporary alteration in the perception of fast temporal envelope fluctuations in sounds.
New studies on estimated and actual toothbrushing times and dentifrice use. (1998)

Toothbrushing is the most widely recommended and practiced method of dental home care. While there is considerable information available in the literature on the time spent brushing the teeth, there is minimal information relating actual brushing time with the time patients estimate they normally brush. This paper reports in detail a study conducted in Switzerland in the 1980's, and supplements this information using the same protocol with two different Swiss populations conducted in the 1990's. In the early Swiss study, on volunteers registering at a dental clinic, the mean actual toothbrushing time was approximately 68 seconds. In the two recent studies, conducted with Swiss army soldiers or three groups of inhabitants in a town near Zurich, the actual toothbrushing means were 83.5 and 72.8 seconds, respectively. In the three studies conducted, the time subjects estimated they had brushed ranged between 134.1 to 148.1 seconds. In all studies, the difference between actual and estimated times was significantly different (p < 0.01). The amount of toothpaste used during toothbrushing was evaluated in two of the studies. In both evaluations, the amount of dentifrice used was approximately 1 gram. Dental professionals should be aware that there is a consistent difference in the time that patients believe they brush, and the time they actually spend brushing.
1,4-Stereoselection by sequential aldol addition–Claisen rearrangement. Stereostructure of the C<sub>30</sub>diol from Messel shale kerogen (1983)

Diastereoisomeric amides (9) and (10) are prepared by stereo selective aldol addition, followed by Claisen rearrangement; isomer (9) has been employed to synthesize hydrocarbon (14) and there by establish the stereostructure of the molecular fossil 13, 16-dimethyloctacosane-1,28-diol.
P2 Receptor Agonists Stimulate Insulin Release from Human Pancreatic Islets (2001)

Although P2 receptors for adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and/or adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) have been characterized in mammalian pancreatic beta cells, no evidence for an insulin-secreting effect of P2 receptor agonists has been reported as yet in humans. The present study aimed at investigating whether P2 receptor agonists could stimulate insulin release in human pancreatic islets obtained from brain-dead organ donors. Experiments were performed using different glucose concentrations and insulin was measured by radioimmunoassay. When the glucose concentration (8.3 mmol/L) was slightly stimulating for insulin release, alpha,beta-methylene ATP (200 micromol/L) and ADPbetaS (50 micromol/L) similarly amplified insulin secretion: both compounds induced a threefold increase in insulin response. In the presence of a nonstimulating glucose concentration (3.0 mmol/L), only alpha,beta-methylene ATP could induce a significant 1.4-fold increase in insulin release, ADPbetaS being completely ineffective. These results give evidence that P2 receptor agonists are effective in stimulating insulin release in humans, the effect of the P2Y agonist being essentially glucose dependent.
Separation and Determination of Phospholipids in Plasma Employing Thin-Layer Chromatographic Plate with Concentration Zone or Solid Phase Extraction. (1993)

Two efficient extraction methods for phospholipids have been established employing a TLC plate with a concentration zone or a solid-phase extraction cartridge. First, small amounts of five authentic phospholipids, 10 to 100 micrograms each, were separated on a TLC plate with a concentration zone. These phospholipids were not adsorbed to the silica gel of this TLC plate and the substrates were recovered in good yields. Second, a solid-phase extraction cartridge containing NH2-modified silica gel was able to retain all of the authentic phospholipids among C18-, diol-, and CN-modified silica gel and silica gel beds. Elution of neutral and acidic phospholipids from the NH2-cartridge was carried out with a chloroform-methanol mixture and a chloroform-methanol-28% ammonium mixture containing 0.05 M ammonium acetate, respectively. Recovery tests on the above two methods were carried out by conventional capillary gas chromatography. Thus, not less than 95% of each phospholipid was recovered from the TLC plate or NH2-cartridge in a 10 to 100 micrograms sample range. Also, the standard deviation of repeatability of recovery for phosphatidylcholine by solid phase extraction at a 10 micrograms sample range was favorable at sigma = 2.8. This method of separation was applied to determination of the fatty acid compositions of phospholipids in small amounts of plasma.
High LET Radiation Can Enhance TGF(Beta) Induced EMT and Cross-Talk with ATM Pathways (2010)

The TGF(Beta) pathway has been shown to regulate or directly interact with the ATM pathway in the response to radiation in mammary epithelial cells. We investigated possible interactions between the TGF(Beta) and ATM pathways following simulated space radiation using hTERT immortalized human esophageal epithelial cells (EPC-hTERT), mink lung epithelial cells (Mv1lu), and several human fibroblast cell lines. TGF(Beta) is a key modulator of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), important in cancer progression and metastasis. The implication of EMT by radiation also has several lines of developing evidence, however is poorly understood. The identification of TGF(Beta) induced EMT can be shown in changes to morphology, related gene over expression or down regulation, which can be detected by RT-PCR, and immunostaining and western blotting. In this study, we have observed morphologic and molecular alternations consistent with EMT after Mv1lu cells were treated with TGF(Beta) High LET radiation enhanced TGF(Beta) mediated EMT with a dose as low as 0.1Gy. In order to consider the TGF(Beta) interaction with ATM we used a potent ATM inhibitor Ku55933 and investigated gene expression changes and Smad signaling kinetics. Ku559933 was observed to reverse TGF(Beta) induced EMT, while this was not observed in dual treated cells (radiation+TGF(Beta)). In EPC-hTERT cells, TGF(Beta) alone was not able to induce EMT after 3 days of application. A combined treatment with high LET, however, significantly caused the alteration of EMT markers. To study the function of p53 in the process of EMT, we knocked down P53 through RNA interference. Morphology changes associated with EMT were observed in epithelial cells with silenced p53. Our study indicates: high LET radiation can enhance TGF(Beta) induced EMT; while ATM is triggering the process of TGF(Beta)-induced EMT, p53 might be an essential repressor for EMT phenotypes.
A multicenter double blind study (1978)

The effect of cimetidine in duodenal ulcer disease was assessed in a double blind, controlled, prospective, multicenter clinical trial in both inpatients and outpatients. Endoscopic evidence of ulcer healing and symptom evaluation were monitored in 308 patients who received either 1.2 g of cimetidine per day or placebo for periods varying from 2 to 6 weeks. Both groups of patients received antacids only for symptom relief. At the end of 2 weeks of inpatient therapy, 56% of the cimetidine-treated patients and 37% of the patients treated with placebo (P < 0.05) showed evidence of ulcer healing. Similarly, 46 and 26% of the outpatients treated with cimetidine or placebo, respectively, for 2 weeks had ulcer healing (P < 0.05). At all other time intervals, ulcer healing occurred more frequently in the cimetidine patients than in the control group, but these differences did not achieve statistical significance. Evaluation of symptom relief (day pain, night pain, and severity of pain), “global efficacy,” and antacid consumption rates supported the efficacy of cimetidine compared with placebo. The data from gastric secretory studies suggested that those patients treated with cimetidine wb_o b-ad lower rates of oastrilf acid 8~~r~t;i~~_ had 8c_ in_crea8ed_ in_Qid_en_ce gf lJi@r n---- healing. In both the cimetidine- and placebo-treated groups there was little correlation between ulcer healing and symptom improvement. The results of this study demonstrate an acceleration of duodenal ulcer healing and an increased symptom response with cimetidine therapy.
Relative Thermal Stability of Thiolate- and Selenolate-Bonded Aromatic Monolayers on the Au(111) Substrate (2017)

The thermal stability of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is of fundamental importance for the majority of their applications. It strongly depends on the type of chemical group used for bonding the molecules forming the SAMs to the selected substrate. Here, we compare the impact of using S and Se bonding groups on the thermal stability of aromatic model SAMs based on naphthalene, containing a polar substituent, and formed on a Au(111) substrate. Using a combination of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) while heating the samples, we show that the thermal stability of S-bonded SAMs is higher although the bonding between Se and the Au substrate is stronger. This seeming contradiction is found to result from a higher stability of the S–C compared to the Se–C bond. The latter forms the weakest link in the SAMs with Se anchor and, thus, controls its thermal stability. These conclusions are supported by state-of-the art dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Notably, full qualitative agreement between the experiments and simulations is obtained only when including Au adatoms in the setup of the unit cells, as these reinforce the bonding between the docking groups and the metal surface. This is an indication for the occurrence of such surface reconstructions also for SAMs consisting of comparably large aromatic molecules.
Ka-Band Systems and Processing Approaches for Simultaneous High-Resolution Wide-Swath SAR Imaging and Ground Moving Target Indication (2014)

Although high-resolution wide-swath (HRWS) SAR imaging and ground moving target indication (GMTI) systems from the system architecture point of view look quite similar (both system types employ multiple receiving (RX) channels arranged along azimuth direction), they generally need to be operated in different modes, in particular with significantly different PRFs. HRWS systems require a comparatively low PRF, reflecting the overall length of the full antenna. The low PRF enables wide-swath imaging, and the multiple RX channels are used for signal spectrum reconstruction. In contrast, GMTI systems require a high PRF, reflecting the short length of the individual RX channel. The multiple RX channels are then used for clutter suppression and moving target parameter estimation. The high PRF additionally shall ensure that aliasing of the Doppler shifted moving target signal energy is avoided. It is known that the Doppler shift is proportional to the target’s velocity and inversely proportional to the radar wavelength. Thus, especially at Ka-band with small wavelengths in the millimeter range, the Doppler shift and, hence, the required PRF for avoiding aliasing may be very high. In general the high PRF required for GMTI prevents wide-swath SAR imaging as well as wide-swath GMTI. The resolution of this conflict is the issue addressed in this contribution. In the frame of a contract extension of the ESA-funded TRP Activity “Study of Multi-Channel Ka-Band SARs for Moving Target Indication”, novel low PRF system operation modes and processing approaches which allow for simultaneous GMTI and HRWS SAR imaging have been developed and investigated in detail. In particular, a special matched reconstruction filter bank (MRFB), which is the heart of all proposed processing approaches, has been developed. With the MRFB low PRF target signals acquired with a conventional HRWS system can be reconstructed and refocused. The application of the MRFB also provides accurate estimates of the target’s velocity. Furthermore, potential extensions of conventional HRWS systems have been proposed for additionally enabling effective clutter suppression without the need of increasing the PRF. In the final paper the results of the contract extension of the TRP Activity will be presented. The MRFB principle, the proposed and investigated HRWS-GMTI system concepts and the corresponding processing approaches will be introduced and explained in detail. The HRWS performance and the GMTI performance obtained from Monte-Carlo simulations will be presented and discussed. Also potential drawbacks of the proposed HRWS-GMTI modes will be addressed.
Formation of aromatic compounds from carbohydrates. X reaction of xylose, glucose, and glucuronic acid in acidic solution at 300C (1987)

For several years our respective groups have investigated the formation of aromatic compounds from carbohydrates in aqueous solution at various pH-values under reflux or hydrothermolytic conditions. For instance, previous papers in this series concerned the degradation of hexoses, pentoses, erythrose, dihydroxyacetone, and hexuronic acids to phenolic and enolic components. Of particular interest were the isolation and identification of catechols, an acetophenone, and chromones from pentoses and hexuronic acids at pH 4.5. The formation of these compounds, as well as reductic acid, was found to be more pronounced than that of 2-furaldehyde under acidic conditions. The aromatic precursors of 3 and 4 were also isolated from these reaction mixtures. This is in contrast to the high yields of 2 obtained from pentoses and hexuronic acids at very low pH.
Headache in the Elderly: An Evaluation of Risk Factors (1987)

SYNOPSIS Information on the prevalence of headache in an ambulatory elderly population was collected from 1,284 participants in a health screening program in Dunedin, Florida. Association between headache and possible risk factors including age, sex, reported symptoms and diseases, drug use, physical characteristics, and sleep patterns were studied. Eleven percent of women and 5 percent of men reported frequent headaches. There was no relationship between age and reported headache in this elderly population. The most commonly reported positions for headache were frontal (35.2 percent) and all over (29.7 percent). In women there was a significant correlation between headache and the total number of other diseases and symptoms reported (p<0.0001). However, in men, there was no such correlation. Numerous specific symptoms were found to be associated with headache in women including: temporary loss of vision, expressive aphasia, and feeling that others do not care. In men, headache was significantly correlated only with paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, feeling lonely, and feeling depressed, Subjects who slept less than seven hours a day reported a greater prevalence of headache (13.5 percent) than those who slept more than seven hours (8.1 percent) (p<0.01). There was no correlation of headache with systolic or diastolic blood pressure, coffee, alcohol or tobacco use, or the amount of time spent watching television. Elderly headache sufferers, in summary, often have other conditions coexisting with and/or contributing to the headaches. Some of these conditions may respond to psychological or medical intervention.
Nonlinear MPC with Motor Failure Identification and Recovery for Safe and Aggressive Multicopter Flight (2020)

Safe and precise reference tracking is a crucial characteristic of Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) that have to operate under the influence of external disturbances in cluttered environments. In this paper, we present a Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) that exploits the fully physics based non-linear dynamics of the system. We furthermore show how the moment and thrust control inputs can be transformed into feasible actuator commands. In order to guarantee safe operation despite potential loss of a motor under which we show our system keeps operating safely, we developed an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) based motor failure identification algorithm. We verify the effectiveness of the developed pipeline in flight experiments with and without motor failures.