gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic digital microfluidics – a review (2017)

A digital microfluidic platform manipulates droplets on an open surface. Magnetic digital microfluidics utilizes magnetic forces for actuation and offers unique advantages compared to other digital microfluidic platforms. First, the magnetic particles used in magnetic digital microfluidics have multiple functions. In addition to serving as actuators, they also provide a functional solid substrate for molecule binding, which enables a wide range of applications in molecular diagnostics and immunodiagnostics. Second, magnetic digital microfluidics can be manually operated in a "power-free" manner, which allows for operation in low-resource environments for point-of-care diagnostics where even batteries are considered a luxury item. This review covers research areas related to magnetic digital microfluidics. This paper first summarizes the current development of magnetic digital microfluidics. Various methods of droplet manipulation using magnetic forces are discussed, ranging from conventional magnetic particle-based actuation to the recent development of ferrofluids and magnetic liquid marbles. This paper also discusses several new approaches that use magnetically controlled flexible substrates for droplet manipulation. In addition, we emphasize applications of magnetic digital microfluidics in biosensing and medical diagnostics, and identify the current limitations of magnetic digital microfluidics. We provide a perspective on possible solutions to close these gaps. Finally, the paper discusses the future improvement of magnetic digital microfluidics to explore potential new research directions.
Crystal structure of dipotassium ethylenediammonium bis[monohydrogentetraoxophosphate( V)] hexahydrate, (C2H10N2)K2(HPO4·6H2O (2003)

C2H24K2N2O14P2, monoclinic, P12i/cl (No. 14), a = 11.803(1) , b = 10.6000(7) , c = 6.9658(7) k, = 102.86(1), V= 849.6 3 , = 2, R t (F) = 0.030, wR Te (F 2 ) = 0.086, = 293 .
Gated in-situ grown carbon nanotube field emitter arrays (2002)

We fabricated two different configurations of integrally gated carbon nanotube (cNT) field emitter arrays, one with cNTs grown on the tips of gated silicon posts and the other with cNTs grown inside open gated apertures. We present emission data from both types.
El primer movimiento de la Sinfonía N° 5 de Juan Meserón: una forma sonata ortodoxa en el repertorio sinfónico venezolano (2011)

Rescatada por el eminente musicólogo Alberto Calzavara en 1986, la Sinfonía n° 5 en Re mayor del compositor Juan Meserón, cuya fecha de composición desconocemos, pero podemos ubicar antes de 1821, es la obra más antigua de este género de la que disponemos en el repertorio venezolano. A través de este análisis se demostrará cómo su primer movimiento está concebido como una forma sonata, que se ajusta casi a la perfección al modelo escolástico tradicional que conocemos sobre esta forma. La intención de este trabajo es llamar la atención acerca de este hecho, pues la creencia generalizada en el medio (apoyada por las evidencias documentales) es la de que la forma sonata fue poco conocida entre nuestros compositores decimonónicos y por lo tanto escasamente cultivada.
Performing the AVIP durability analysis using the finite element method (2002)

Improving avionics hardware reliability through the use of durability analysis is a primary objective of the U.S. Air Force Aeronautical Systems Division's Avionics Integrity Program (AVIP). Embedding this process into an integrated product development (IPD) approach provides a design solution tailored to the equipment's operational environment. This enables improved hardware reliability and availability at reduced life cycle cost due to the reduction or elimination of unscheduled maintenance events. Identifying and correcting potential deficiencies and optimizing the equipment design to the usage environment and defining manufacturing processes in the development phase of the program are the ultimate objectives of IPD and AVIP.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Regulating Online Behavioral Advertising, 44 J. Marshall L. Rev. 899 (2011) (2011)

Online behavioral advertising ("OBA"), sometimes known as profiling or behavioral targeting, can be used by on-line publishers and internet marketers to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of their advertising campaigns.'OBA works by collecting data on a user's behavior on the Internet including browsing habits, search queries, and web site viewing history.OBA generally seeks to increase the relevance of advertising displayed to the user, based on data collected about the user, with the aim of increasing the strength of the connection between advertising efforts and purchasing behavior.Recently, the Federal Trade Commission ("FTC"), the Department of Commerce ("DOC"), and congressional leaders have suggested a need for more intensive regulation of OBA.The chief objective of such regulation is to ensure that consumer privacy is protected and that abuses of consumer information do not occur.Others have suggested that self-regulation, or a system of public and private litigation aimed at addressing excesses in OBA practices, may better address these central concerns while maintaining the economic viability of OBA.This Article examines such regulatory efforts and suggests that they illustrate some of the key issues of national regulatory policy, including questions regarding the best means to balance evolving notions of privacy against the similarly dynamic needs of our information-based economy. I.
A Neural Network approach and Wavelet analysis for ECG classification (2016)

ECG is basically the graphical representation of the electrical activity of cardiac muscles during contraction and release stages. It helps in determination of the cardiac arrhythmias in a well manner. Due to this early detection of arrhythmias can be done properly. In other words we can say that the bio-potentials generated by the cardiac muscles results in an electrical signal called Electro-cardiogram (ECG). It acts as a vital physiological parameter, which is being used exclusively to know the state of the cardiac patients. Feature extraction of ECG plays a vital role in the manual as well as automatic analysis of ECG for the use in specially designed instruments like ECG monitors, Holter tape recorders and scanners, ambulatory ECG recorders and analyzers. In this paper the study of the concept of pattern recognition of ECG is done. It refers to the classification of data patterns and characterizing them into classes of predefined set. The analysis ECG signal falls under the application of pattern recognition. The ECG signal generated waveform gives almost all information about activity of the heart. The ECG signal feature extraction parameters such as spectral entropy, Poincare plot and Lyapunov exponent are used for study in this paper. This paper also includes artificial neural network as a classifier for identifying the abnormalities of heart disease.
Variation in the Experience of Leadership of Teaching in Higher Education (2003)

This article describes ways in which heads of university academic departments and the subject coordinators of large first-year subjects experience the leadership of teaching. It examines variation in perceptions of leadership experienced by the teachers in the same subjects and departments. It explores empirical relations between subject coordinators' conceptions of leadership and teachers' perceptions of leadership, and between teachers' perceptions of subject coordinators' leadership and teachers' approaches to teaching. The authors show that there is an empirical relationship between the way subject coordinators conceive of leadership of teaching, how their subject teachers perceive that leadership and how these teachers approach their teaching. Taken together with earlier work on the relationship between how teachers approach their teaching in higher education and how students approach their learning, the results provide evidence that the experience of academic leadership has an impact on the quality of student learning.
Optical multiplexer for multimode fiber transmission systems (1977)

We have constructed and tested an optical multiplexer for use with multimode optical fibers. The device utilized a blazed plane reflection grating with a single GRIN-rod lens, and was made from commercially available components. The wavelength spacing of the two channels was 27 nm, the insertion losses were ⩽2.4 dB, and the crosstalk was &lt;−30 dB. Optimized versions of the device should be capable of providing at least four channels, with still lower insertion losses, in a rugged stable package 1–2 cm long by 2–4 mm in diameter.
Effects of leachate recycle and anaerobic digester sludge recycle on the methane production from solid wastes (1998)

Performances of lab-scale lysimeters were evaluated to develop a new landfill system for the recovery of CH 4 from solid wastes. Lysimeters were operated at three different conditions: control (L-control), leachate recycle (L-recycle), and sludge recycle (L-sludge). For L-sludge, sludge from the leachate-treating anaerobic digester was recycled, whereas the produced leachate was recycled for L-recycle. After 430 days of operation, the amounts of COD recovered by CH 4 were 0.13, 0.29, and 22.5 kg for L-control, L-recycle, and L-sludge, respectively. For L-sludge, 77% of total COD outflow was recovered by CH 4 , and the remaining COD was washed out by leachate. However, less than 5% of total COD outflow was recovered as CH 4 from L-control and L-recycle. Stabilization of organics in L-sludge approached completion within 430 days, while other lysimeters still produced leachate with high COD. Results indicated that the continuous addition of active methanogenic population from the anaerobic digester rather than simple leachate recycle was effective for the rapid and significant CH 4 recovery from solid wastes.
Bet On It (2007)

ArcelorMittal, Best Buy, General Electric, Hewlett-Packard, Nokia, and Samsung have all begun tapping into the "wisdom of crowds" to help them predict public reaction to new products, the future price of a commodity, or sales revenue in the next quarter. In the past few years, the technique has really taken off, with at least a dozen start-ups competing for business in the field. Some offer software and services to help companies tap the wisdom of their workers or the outside world. Others create markets that allow anyone to go to a Web site to bet or even to pose a question that can be bet on. It's not surprising that Internet-based mechanisms can be found to tap into the wisdom of the masses. What's surprising is that there's a way to draw it out so quickly and efficiently. And that it works so well.
High-Level Decision Diagrams based coverage metrics for verification and test (2009)

The paper proposes high-level decision diagrams (HLDDs) model based structural coverage metrics that are applicable to both verification and high-level test. Previous works have shown that HLDDs are an efficient model for simulation and test generation. However, the coverage properties of HLDDs against hardware description languages (HDL) have not been studied in detail before. In this paper we show that the proposed methodology allows more stringent structural coverage analysis than traditional VHDL code coverage. Furthermore, the main new contribution of the paper is a hierarchical approach for condition coverage metric analysis that is based on HLDDs with expansion graphs for conditional nodes. Experiments on ITC99 benchmarks show that up to 14% increase in coverage accuracy can be achieved by the proposed methodology.
Size, shape and flow of powders for use in Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) (2013)

6th International Conference on Advanced Research in Virtual and Rapid Prototyping, Leiria, Portugal, 1-5 October 2013
Use of a Solid Light Funnel to Increase Phototube Aperture without Restricting Angular Acceptance (1968)

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Mitochondrial/Cytosolic Acetyl CoA and Rubber Biosynthesis Genes Expression in Hevea brasiliensis Latex and Rubber Yield (2012)

Expressions of the 22 genes involved in rubber biosynthesis, from the acetyl CoA genesis and the mevalonate (MVA) pathway to IPP polymerization, were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results revealed that the expressions of most genes were not related to the latex yield trait when compared among three high- and three low-yielding rubber clones. Only the genes HMGR3 and SRPP1 were signifi cantly up-regulated in low-yielding clones. The higher expression of the SRPP1 gene in low-yielding clones suggested a possible increase in the number and higher rubber biosynthetic activity of the active small rubber particles, which may produce latex with higher viscosity, impairing the latex fl ow and limiting the latex yield. The up-regulation of the HMGR3 gene in low-yielding clones may refl ect a higher amount or activity or both of Frey-Wyssling particles (plastids) in their latex. These plastids have been shown to be involved in oxidative processes that induced earlier laticifers plugging, which also impaired the latex fl ow and yield. In conclusion, a possible crossover between the cytosolic MVA and the plastidic 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate/2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (DXP/ MEP) pathways is suggested, which might especially take place in the laticifers of the high-yielding clones, to fulfi ll the requirement in isopentenyl pyrophosphate for more active rubber biosynthesis.
Quiescence as an explanation of Gompertzian tumor growth. (1989)

In this paper we propose a mathematical model for the growth of solid tumors which employs quiescence as a mechanism to explain characteristic Gompertz-type growth curves. The model distinguishes between two types of cells within the tumor, proliferating and quiescent. Empirical data strongly suggest that the larger the tumor, the more likely it is that a proliferating cell becomes quiescent and the more unlikely it is that a quiescent cell reenters the proliferating cycle. These facts are taken as the basic assumptions of the model. It is shown that these assumptions imply diminishing of the growth fraction (i.e. proportion of proliferating cells), a phenomenon found in most tumors. Three qualitatively different cases are analyzed in detail and illustrated by examples. In the case of a tumor forming a necrotic center the model predicts that the tumor grows monotonically to its ultimate size according to a typical S-shaped Gompertz curve, and that the growth fraction tends to zero. In the case of true quiescence, where the dormant cells retain their capability of becoming proliferating, we distinguish between two types of tumors: one in which only proliferating cells can die and one in which there is mortality among quiescent cells, too. In the first case the predicted tumor growth occurs in the early stages in a way that is very similar to that of tumors forming a necrotic center; the growth fraction still tends to zero, but ultimately the tumor grows without bound. In the second case the tumor grows to a finite limit depending only on the vital rates, while the growth fraction decreases to a strictly positive value.
Examination on the change in chewing function during the course of dental treatments using the vector-EMG method. (1994)

Changes in the action of masticatory muscles during the course of treatment of dental patients undergoing restoration, TMD, implantation, and treatment for malocclusion and mandibular asymmetry, were studied using an electromyogram (EMG) method. Surface EMGs during peanut-and gum-chewing were recorded from the bilateral temporalis and masseter muscles of the patients. To compare changes in the muscle action, the paired integrated EMGs of the masseter and temporalis muscles were synthesized on a vector figure using X and Y coordinate, respectively (V-EMG). Parameters of the peanut-and gumchewing EMGs of the patients, mainly those of the V-EMGs, were statistically analyzed, and were compared with those of subjects with complete dentition (normal subjects). Although, the pattern of V-EMGs before the initial examination varied from patient to patient, generally, the peanut-chewing V-EMG lacked variation among the loops and showed unilateral chewing, and the gum-chewing V-EMG lacked symmetry between the right-and left-sided chewing figures and the loops did not necessarily rotate clockwise. However, as the treatment progressed, the pattern of the V-EMGs of most patients became closer to those of normal subjects. These results demonstrate that the V-EMG method is useful in examining the effect of various dental treatments on chewing function.
Liquid Rope Coiling (2011)

A thin stream or rope of viscous fluid falling from a sufficient height onto a surface forms a steadily rotating helical coil. Tabletop laboratory experiments in combination with a numerical model for slender liquid ropes reveal that finite-amplitude coiling can occur in four distinct regimes (viscous, gravitational, inertio-gravitational, and inertial) corresponding to different balances among the three principal forces acting on the rope. The model further shows that the onset of coiling has distinct viscous, gravitational, and inertial modes that connect smoothly with the corresponding finite-amplitude regimes. In addition to steady coiling, slender liquid ropes falling onto surfaces can exhibit a remarkable variety of nonstationary behaviors, including propagating spiral waves of air bubbles, supercoiling, the leaping-shampoo (Kaye) effect for non-Newtonian fluids, and the fluid-mechanical sewing machine in which the rope leaves complex stitch patterns on a moving surface.
Vorticity Cutoff in Nonlinear Photonic Crystals (2005)

Using group-theory arguments, we demonstrate that, unlike in homogeneous media, no symmetric vortices of arbitrary order can be generated in two-dimensional (2D) nonlinear systems possessing a discrete-point symmetry. The only condition needed is that the nonlinearity term exclusively depends on the modulus of the field. In the particular case of 2D periodic systems, such as nonlinear photonic crystals or Bose-Einstein condensates in periodic potentials, it is shown that the realization of discrete symmetry forbids the existence of symmetric vortex solutions with vorticity higher than two.
The Culture of the Condemned: Pastoral Execution and Life on Death Row in the 1930s (2011)

Between 1830 and 1930, the removal of legal and extralegal executions from public view in the United States bolstered the law’s efficiency while expanding its reach. Scholars have focused on external political effects, largely ignoring the lives of the condemned in the modern killing states. As they were withdrawn ever further behind prison walls, the condemned rearticulated the meanings of their deaths, which would to exceed, to whatever extent possible, new biopolitical regimes. An examination of inmate culture reveals death row as a site of subtle, supple struggle between the modern state and those it would kill.
Local renin-angiotensin system in human adrenals and aldosteronomas. (1992)

The local renin-angiotensin system may regulate adrenal cell growth and function. Angiotensinogen, renin, and angiotensin converting enzyme gene expression were studied in four normal adrenal glands (removed from patients with renal carcinomas) and five aldosterone-secreting adenomas. Northern blot analysis showed expression of angiotensinogen messenger RNA (mRNA) in normal adrenals at levels approximately 35-fold lower than liver and sixfold lower than kidney. Similar angiotensinogen mRNA levels were present in two aldosteronomas, whereas a third had levels approximately 50% of those found in kidney. Renin mRNA was detectable in most normal adrenals and in three adenomas, one of which had relatively high renin mRNA levels. Angiotensin converting enzyme gene was expressed in adrenal tissue and in three adenomas. Portions from these normal adrenals and two of these aldosteronomas, as well as samples from two other adrenals and three aldosteronomas, were also studied in an in vitro superfusion system coupled with active renin radioimmunometric assay, angiotensin II/III, and aldosterone radioimmunoassay. Total amounts of active renin and angiotensin II/III released from normal adrenals during 270 minutes of superfusion were higher than the amounts released from aldosteronomas (312 +/- 35 versus 187 +/- 43 and 823 +/- 100 versus 436 +/- 55 pg/100 mg tissue, respectively; mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.05), whereas aldosterone release from the adenomatous tissue was approximately threefold higher (320 +/- 21 versus 115 +/- 18 ng/100 mg tissue; mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.01). Total amounts of active renin and angiotensin II/III released by normal or adenomatous adrenal samples exceeded threefold to fourfold the amounts extracted from similar samples of the same surgical specimen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Enhanced robotic cleaning with a low-cost tool attachment (2014)

Robots that can reliably manipulate human tools can do a diverse range of useful tasks in human environments. However, these tools are often difficult to manipulate, particularly given force requirements for applying the tool. This is often due to the mismatch between the robot's gripper and the tool handle designed for human hands. In this paper, we present the design of a low-cost universal tool attachment that makes the tool gripper-friendly. We demonstrate the performance gain provided by the attachment on 10 different tools in the three stages of tool use: grasping the tool, applying the tool, and placing the tool. Our experiments demonstrate that the attachment performs significantly better in all three stages of tool use.
지반특성을 고려한 터널폐수의 처리특성에 관한 연구 ; HCF System (2012)

In this study, Highrate Clarifier Filtration (HCF) system was applied for treating various tunnel construction wastewaters (TCW) with soil composition. Applied HCF system consists of grit chamber, 1st HCF bed and 2nd HCF bed. PACS ll as coagulant was used to reduce particle matter. For TCW used as raw water the water quality of TCW with weathered, soft and hard rocks were Turbidity 4,438 NTU, SS 2,784mg/L, CODmn 1.78mg/L, TN 3.71mg/L and TP 0.27mg/L. In addition, linear velocity (LV) of HCF column 1, 2 were changed to 100-50m/day, 300-150m/day, 500-250m/day in this period. Based on the result, Tunnel wastewater appeared in weather rocks, soft rocks, and hard rocks according to excavating foundations, with each type of rock showing an average turbidity of 4,844 NTU, 1,671 NTU, and 613 NTU, respectively. the SS removal volumes (kg/m3 day) per unit capacity according to an increase in the filtration speeds of the HCF were found to be 60.47∼244.73kg/㎥ day, 22.96∼100.61kg/㎥ day, and 119.16∼328.92 kg/㎥ day, respectively, provided that the excavated ground was comprised of either weathered rocks or soft rooks or hard rocks.
Function of Venom in the Short-Tailed Shrew, Blarina brevicauda (1978)

Journal Article Function of Venom in the Short-Tailed Shrew, Blarina brevicauda Get access Thomas E. Tomasi Thomas E. Tomasi Department of Zoology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 59, Issue 4, 24 November 1978, Pages 852–854, https://doi.org/10.2307/1380150 Published: 24 November 1978 Article history Received: 25 October 1977 Accepted: 21 February 1978 Published: 24 November 1978
Reuse in the wild (2011)

We present a large-scale study of content reuse networks in a large and highly hierarchical organization. In our study, we combine analysis of a collection of presentations produced by employees with interviews conducted throughout the organization and a survey to study presentation content reuse. Study results show a variety of information needs and behaviors related to content reuse as well as a need for a personalized and socially-integrated networking tool for enabling easy access to previously generated presentation material. In this paper we describe our findings and outline a set of requirements for an effective content reuse facility.