gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cerebellar ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 1: clinical and genetic studies (2003)

Ataxia with ocular motor apraxia type 1 (AOA1) is an autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia (ARCA) associated with oculomotor apraxia, hypoalbuminaemia and hypercholesterolaemia. The gene APTX, which encodes aprataxin, has been identified recently. We studied a large series of 158 families with non-Friedreich progressive ARCA. We identified 14 patients (nine families) with five different missense or truncating mutations in the aprataxin gene (W279X, A198V, D267G, W279R, IVS5+1), four of which were new. We determined the relative frequency of AOA1 which is 5%. Mutation carriers underwent detailed neurological, neuropsychological, electrophysiological, oculographic and biological examinations, as well as brain imaging. The mean age at onset was 6.8 +/- 4.8 years (range 2-18 years). Cerebellar ataxia with cerebellar atrophy on MRI and severe axonal sensorimotor neuropathy were present in all patients. In contrast, oculomotor apraxia (86%), hypoalbuminaemia (83%) and hypercholesterolaemia (75%) were variable. Choreic movements were frequent at onset (79%), but disappeared in the course of the disease in most cases. However, a remarkably severe and persistent choreic phenotype was associated with one of the mutations (A198V). Cognitive impairment was always present. Ocular saccade initiation was normal, but their duration was increased by the succession of multiple hypometric saccades that could clinically be confused with 'slow saccades'. We emphasize the phenotypic variability over the course of the disease. Cerebellar ataxia and/or chorea predominate at onset, but later on they are often partially masked by severe neuropathy, which is the most typical symptom in young adults. The presence of chorea, sensorimotor neuropathy, oculomotor anomalies, biological abnormalities, cerebellar atrophy on MRI and absence of the Babinski sign can help to distinguish AOA1 from Friedreich's ataxia on a clinical basis. The frequency of chorea at onset suggests that this diagnosis should also be considered in children with chorea who do not carry the IT15 mutation responsible for Huntington's disease.
Artificial Reprogramming of Human Somatic Cells to Generate Pluripotent Stem Cells: A Possible Alternative to the Controversial Use of Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2008)

Recent findings showed certain specific factors had the ability to reprogram in vitro human somatic cells, which in turn could generate pluripotent stem cells. Remarkably, somatic cell-derived pluripotent stem cells recapitulated the features of human embryonic stem cells, as demonstrated independently by two groups of investigators. The reprogramming of somatic cells may represent an alternative to the controversial use of human embryonic stem cells in transplantation therapy and in a variety of other applications, such as generation of cellular models for human diseases and for drug research and development. However, the intrinsic expression of epigenetic reprogramming factors in somatic cells requires the use either of lentiviral- or retroviral-mediated gene transfer, which may cause insertional mutagenesis-induced malignancies. In summary, the recent achievements for the in vitro reprogramming of human somatic cells to a pluripotent state can be considered an important advancement in stem cell research. As for future clinical applications in regenerative medicine, it is necessary to tackle the issue of insertional mutagenesis, which is associated with all types of integrating gene delivery systems. Another critical issue is the control of the tumorigenic potential of somatic cell-derived pluripotent stem cells. As it stands, the newly developed technology can be used to engineer useful models for the study of human diseases and development of novel therapeutics.
Fault Detection and Diagnosis for Multi-Actuator Pneumatic Systems (2011)

In pneumatic actuating systems, various kinds of faults are key factors in degrading system performance and increasing air consumption. It is therefore valuable to monitor pneumatic systems and implement predictive maintenance based on detection and diagnosis of fault conditions. This research investigates effects of leakages on a PLC control industrial multi-actuator (9 cylinders) pneumatic system. Leakages at 8 different levels and 9 different places are introduced in experimental tests. The dynamic models of actuators and control valves in pneumatic systems are discussed and extracted as system performance features in a quantitative study of leakage fault. Due to nonlinear properties of compressed air and friction force, derived dynamic model alone is not able to effectively indicate fault location and level with an expected accuracy. On the other hand, new qualitative methods using processed sensory information for recognizing fault and estimating its levels are devised. The reliability of fault detection and diagnosis solution in a pneumatic system offered by the mathematical tools is found to be highly dependent on the successful selection of input features those are extracted from original signals and the relationship between those extracted features. Finally we present the multi-actuator based vectorized map and a diagnostic features search method which are improvements of previous fault analysis research in one-cylinder pneumatic system. The proposed method is also a good asset to pneumatic component selection applications. My research work concludes that it is possible to find suitable and reliable on-line monitoring solutions for multi-actuator pneumatic systems by means of locating and estimating compressed air leakage with a better confidence and a relatively small number of sensor installations.
Asynchronous Communication Schemes for Finite Difference Methods on Multiple GPUs (2010)

Finite difference methods continue to provide an important and parallelisable approach to many numerical simulations problems. Iterative multigrid and multilevel algorithms can converge faster than ordinary finite difference methods but can be more difficult to parallelise. Data parallel paradigms tend to lend themselves particularly well to solving regular mesh PDEs whereby low latency communications and high compute to communications ratios can yield high levels of computational efficiency and raw performance. We report on some practical algorithmic and data layout approaches and on performance data on a range of Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) with CUDA. We focus on the use of multiple GPU devices with a single CPU host.
The scotopic electroretinogram of macaque after retinal ganglion cell loss from experimental glaucoma. (1996)

A sensitive negative component is reduced or absent from the dark-adapted ERGs of macaque monkeys with severe visual field defects and substantial retinal ganglion cell loss as a consequence of long-standing ocular hypertension.
177. Arising from Mathematical Note 3188 (1968)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Recurrence and Survival Following Resection of Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma of the Lung-The Lung Cancer Study Group Experience (1989)

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) of the lung is a controversial form of adenocarcinoma with varying presentations. The 1977 to 1988 Lung Study Group experience with this tumor was reviewed to more precisely define the incidence of recurrence and survival of surgically resected and staged patients, to determine the incidence of BAC in the adenocarcinoma population, and to evaluate the impact of age, sex, smoking, and chronic lung-disease history on the incidence of BAC. Of 1635 patients reviewed, 235 patients had pure BAC. It was found that resectable BAC presents at an earlier disease stage than does adenocarcinoma; BAC occurs more frequently in older patients and in those without smoking history or chronic lung disease than adenocarcinoma; BAC patients have less weight loss, brain recurrences, and recurrences without second primaries than adenocarcinoma; survival and recurrence-free survival are better for BAC than for non-BAC adenocarcinoma and large-cell carcinoma; early BAC survival is better than squamous-cell survival but after 2 years is equivalent; T1-N0 BAC patients have recurrence and survival rates similar to squamous-cell survival rates and better than non-BAC adeno survival rates; T1-N1/T2-N0 and Stage 2 and 3 BAC recurs more frequently than either squamous-cell or non-BAC adenocarcinoma; stage 2 and 3 BAC has a higher mortality rate than does squamous-cell carcinoma or non-BAC adenocarcinoma; BAC is a favorable prognostic factor when adjusted for extent of disease and age; and BAC's better prognosis is a result of presenting at an earlier stage of disease and because it appears to be less aggressive than other adenocarcinomas even after adjustment for extent of disease and other known prognostic factors. It is concluded that early diagnosis and resection are particularly important for patients with BAC.
Dielectric Loaded Impedance Matching for Wideband Implanted Antennas (2009)

In implanted biomedical devices, due to the presence of surrounding dissipative biological tissue, the antenna suffers poor impedance matching. This causes degradation in the performance of a wideband or ultra-wideband (UWB) implanted device. Moreover, the electrical properties of tissue change from organ to organ, and possibly from time to time. In this paper, it is shown that loading of antennas with suitable insulators can deliver broadband matching across a range of dissipative medium properties. An impedance-matched UWB antenna designed to operate inside a lossy medium, which has varying electromagnetic properties within the range expected in biological tissues, is presented. The operating bandwidth of the proposed design is 3.5-4.5 GHz, which is an interference-free subset of the unlicensed UWB band in the US. It is demonstrated that once the dielectric loading is applied, the conventional procedure for antenna design in free space can be followed. The proposed implantable small capsule-shaped slot antenna has been characterized using numerical simulations. Details of a proof-of-concept experiment are presented.
A case study in embedded system design: an engine control unit (2002)

A number of techniques and software tools for embedded system design have been recently proposed. However, the current practice in the designer community is heavily based on manual techniques and on past experience rather than on a rigorous approach to design. To advance the state of the art it is important to address a number of relevant design problems and solve them to demonstrate the power of the new approaches. We chose an industrial example in automotive electronics to validate our design methodology: an existing commercially available Engine Control Unit. We discuss in detail the specification, the implementation philosophy, and the architectural trade-off analysis. We analyze the results obtained with our approach and compare them with the existing design underlining the advantages offered by a systematic approach to embedded system design in terms of performance and design time.
Improved robustness and efficiency for automatic visual site monitoring (2009)

Knowing who people are, where they are, what they are doing, and how they interact with other people and things is valuable from commercial, security, and space utilization perspectives. Video sensors backed by computer vision algorithms are a natural way to gather this data. Unfortunately, key technical issues persist in extracting features and models that are simultaneously efficient to compute and robust to issues such as adverse lighting conditions, distracting background motions, appearance changes over time, and occlusions. In this thesis, we present a set of techniques and model enhancements to better handle these problems, focusing on contributions in four areas. First, we improve background subtraction so it can better handle temporally irregular dynamic textures. This allows us to achieve a 5.5 % drop in false positive rate on the Wallflower waving trees video. Secondly, we adapt the Dalal and Triggs Histogram of Oriented Gradients pedestrian detector to work on large-scale scenes with dense crowds and harsh lighting
Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Antioxidant Capacity in Foods: Measurement and In Vivo Implications (2007)

The measurement of both lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacity in food is possible using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORACFL) assay. Data from these measurements provide a measure of antioxidant capacity using specific biologically relevant free radical sources, usually the peroxyl radical, but different radical sources can be utilized in order to obtain the relative response of different dietary antioxidants to different radical sources. The effects of food processing and of genetics, harvest maturity, and environmental growing conditions on antioxidant components can be evaluated. The in vitro measure of antioxidant capacity provides information on potential for dietary antioxidants to defend against free radical damage in the gastrointestinal tract; however, information on what the in vivo response will be following consumption of the dietary antioxidants may not directly correlate. It is clear that specific phytochemical components in foods are absorbed/metabolized quite differently; thus in vivo techniques are necessary to confirm that antioxidant status will be altered as a result from consumption of the specific source of dietary antioxidants.
Cobalt and vitamin B12 in diets for commercial laying hens on the second cycle of production (2003)

The supplementation of cobalt and vitamin B12 in diets for commercial laying hens on the second production cycle was studied. Four hundred and eighty light commercial laying hens, Lohmann LSL, were used at initial phase of forced molting laying period. The trial was conducted in a randomized design. The plots were the treatments which were constituted by combination of five cobalt levels (0.00; 0.30; 0.60; 0.90 and 1.20ppm) and two vitamin B12 levels (without and with 10µ/kg), and the split-plots were four periods (21, 42, 63 and 84 days) during the second period of production, with 4 repetitions and 12 hens per experimental unit. Food and water were provided ad libitum and eggs were collected twice daily. Performance and egg quality parameters were evaluated. At the end of experimental period, two layers from each treatment were slaughtered, and liver and blood samples were taken for analysis. Performance and egg quality were not different (p>0.05) among cobalt supplementation levels, although egg damage data were different (p<0.05). Supplementation with vitamin B12 decreased egg weight. No influence of cobalt or vitamin B12 supplementation was seen on the concentration of cobalt in the liver and yolk as well as on blood analysis (hematrocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, and leukocytes). The results revealed that vitamin B12 supplementation was important for commercial laying hens on the second cycle of production, but not cobalt supplementation.
Metal coordination in photoluminescent sensing (2013)

Coordination chemistry plays an essential role in the design of photoluminescent probes for metal ions. Metal coordination to organic dyes induces distinct optical responses which signal the presence of metal species of interest. Luminescent lanthanide (Ln(3+)) and transition metal complexes of d(6), d(8) and d(10) configurations often exhibit unique luminescence properties different from organic dyes, such as high quantum yield, large Stokes shift, long emission wavelength and emission lifetimes, low sensitivity to microenvironments, and can be explored as lumophores to construct probes for metal ions, anions and neutral species. In this review, the design principles and coordination chemistry of metal probes based on mechanisms of PeT, PCT, ESIPT, FRET, and excimer formation will be discussed in detail. Particular attention will be given to rationales for the design of turn-on and ratiometric probes. Moreover, phosphorescent probe design based on Ln(3+) and d(6), d(8) and d(10)-metal complexes are also presented via discussing certain factors affecting the phosphorescence of these metal complexes. A survey of the latest progress in photoluminescent probes for identification of essential metal cations in the human body or toxic metal cations in the environment will be presented focusing on their design rationales and sensing behaviors. Metal complex-based photoluminescent probes for biorelated anions such as PPi, and neutral biomolecules ATP, NO, and H(2)S will be discussed also in the context of their metal coordination-related sensing behaviors and design approaches.
The Role of the Common Cold in Asthma (1999)

It has long been known that patients with viral respiratory infections develop temporary asthma‐like symptoms or see a worsening of their existing asthmatic symptoms or develop full‐blown asthma during the infection. It should not be surprising, in view of this observation, that these same viruses have been found to initiate the same inflammatory processes as seen and characterized in the asthmatic patient. This has clear implications for therapy of asthmatic patients.
Differential neuronal reprogramming induced by NeuroD1 from astrocytes in grey matter versus white matter (2019)

A new technology called in vivo glia-to-neuron conversion has emerged in recent years as a promising next generation therapy for neural regeneration and repair. This is achieved through reprogramming endogenous glial cells into neurons in the central nervous system through ectopically expressing neural transcriptional factors in glial cells. Previous studies have been focusing on glial cells in the grey matter such as the cortex and striatum, but whether glial cells in the white matter can be reprogrammed or not is unknown. To address this fundamental question, we express NeuroD1 in the astrocytes of both grey matter (cortex and striatum) and white matter (corpus callosum) to investigate the conversion efficiency, neuronal subtypes, and electrophysiological features of the converted neurons. We discover that NeuroD1 can efficiently reprogram the astrocytes in the grey matter into functional neurons, but the astrocytes in the white matter are much resistant to neuronal reprogramming. The converted neurons from cortical and striatal astrocytes are composed of both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, capable of firing action potentials and having spontaneous synaptic activities. In contrast, the few astrocyte-converted neurons in the white matter are rather immature with rare synaptic events. These results provide novel insights into the differential reprogramming capability between the astrocytes in the grey matter versus the white matter, and highlight the impact of regional astrocytes as well as microenvironment on the outcome of glia-to-neuron conversion. Since human brain has large volume of white matter, this study will provide important guidance for future development of in vivo glia-to-neuron conversion technology into potential clinical therapies. Experimental protocols in this study were approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Jinan University (approval No. IACUC-20180321-03) on March 21, 2018.
Microcomputer-Based Training in Business and Industry: Present Status and Future Prospects (1981)

A survey of microcomputer-based training was conducted. Of fifty-six major corporations who responded, twenty-eight (50%) indicated that they were currently using computers for training, with another nine (16%) investigating their use. Of those using computers, 71 per cent were using microcomputers. The major training areas were technical skills, programming/computer concepts, management/sales training, administrative/clerical training, or training management. The major type of use was simulation, followed by problem presentation/tests. Most major brands of microcomputers were used as well as custom-designed hardware. Courseware was typically developed internally. Trends and developments in training which can be expected to affect the use of microcomputers in training include authoring systems, more powerful systems, videodiscs, videotext, videoconferencing, embedded training, and distributed education.
The Rapid Development of User Interfaces: Experience with the Wizard of OZ Method (1985)

The Wizard of Oz technique is an efficient way to examine user interaction with computers and facilitate rapid iterative development of dialog wording and logic. The technique requires two machines linked together, one for the subject and one for the experimenter. In this implementation the experimenter (the “Wizard”), pretending to be a computer, types in complete replies to user queries or presses function keys to which common messages have been assigned (e.g., Fl=“Help is not available”). The software automatically records the dialog and its timing. This paper provides a detailed description of the first implementation of the Oz paradigm for the IBM Personal Computer. It also includes application guidelines, information which is currently missing from the literature.
Projcon: an expert system for project controls in construction management (1990)

The purpose of this project is to develop methods and strategies for expert system based planning, scheduling, chronicling and analysis for construction management. Planning defines the actions required to accomplish goals or subgoals; scheduling links the plan to a frame of time; chronicling is monitoring job performance and analysis means reevaluation of the plan as conditions change. Conditions are captioned as constraints and are coded as rules. We have developed a prototype expert system, called PROJCON, that helps to generate management plans and strategies for a given construction task. The system also helps to survey, control and revise the plans according to the current change of conditions. The expert system requests as input task dependent constraints, such as building parameters, resources (financial, labor, machine, etc.), time constraints, etc.. Based on these and other “hard wired” constraints it generates an activity network, assigns time tags to the actions and provides a schedule.
Influencia de la realidad macroeconómica y de las políticas asistenciales en el consumo y acceso alimentario en Venezuela, 1994-2007 (2012)

Resumen es: Este trabajo analiza la evolucion de los programas de seguridad alimentaria y el cambio que se genera en los mismos adoptando un enfoque sistemico, expre...
Transgenic Yeast Expressing Human Cytochrome P450s Can Serve as a Tool in Studies of the Mechanisms of Their Induction by Various Effectors (1996)

Transgenic Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains were constructed which express CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 genes under control of an artificial promoter. When added to the growth medium, sparteine, a substrate for CYP2D6, was shown to increase the content of this cytochrome P450 isoform in yeast cells. No such increase was observed when a proteinase-deficient yeast mutant was used as a parent strain. Nifedipine, a substrate for CYP3A4, failed to affect the level of CYP3A4 expression even in wild yeast cells. These results suggest that expression of CYP2D6 in human liver can at least partially be controlled post-transcriptionally by its inductors while for CYP3A4 such a mechanism is hardly possible.
RF Bulk Acoustic Wave Filters for Communications (2009)

For years, surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters have been widely used as radio frequency front-end filters and duplexers for mobile communication systems. Recently, bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filters are gaining more popularly for their performance benefits and are being utilized more and more in the design of today's cutting-edge mobile devices and systems. This timely book presents a thorough overview of RF BAW filters, covering a vast range of technologies, optimal device design, filter topologies, packaging, fabrication processes, and high quality piezoelectric thin films. Moreover, the book discusses the integration of BAW filters in RF systems.