gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
"Where we met last time": a study of sociality in the city (2005)

Understanding the context of use of a computing system is an important part of designing human-centred interaction especially where that computing pervades the places and activities of daily life. The aim of this paper is to introduce two ontologies that represent understanding of 1) human perception of architectural place and 2) sociality in an urban space, gained through field studies of the physical and social layers of an urban environment. This paper demonstrates how these ontologies are used to provide an understanding of context of use of an urban space, and how to identify design opportunities for informing design of a digital layer of pervasive computing.
Viable chemical approach for patterning nanoscale magnetoresistive random access memory (2015)

A reactive ion etching process with alternating Cl2 and H2 exposures has been shown to chemically etch CoFe film that is an integral component in magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM). Starting with systematic thermodynamic calculations assessing various chemistries and reaction pathways leading to the highest possible vapor pressure of the etch products reactions, the potential chemical combinations were verified by etch rate investigation and surface chemistry analysis in plasma treated CoFe films. An ∼20% enhancement in etch rate was observed with the alternating use of Cl2 and H2 plasmas, in comparison with the use of only Cl2 plasma. This chemical combination was effective in removing metal chloride layers, thus maintaining the desired magnetic properties of the CoFe films. Scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy showed visually and spectroscopically that the metal chloride layers generated by Cl2 plasma were eliminated with H2 plasma to yield a clean etch profile. This work suggests that the selected chemistries can be used to etch magnetic metal alloys with a smooth etch profile and this general strategy can be applied to design chemically based etch processes to enable the fabrication of highly integrated nanoscale MRAM devices.
A step-by-step method for Z-loop construction using graph theory and topology for power system studies (2008)

This manuscript will provide a step by step method on how a graph theory and topology can be utilized to construct a Z-loop matrix for the study of faulted power systems. The growing demand for reliable electrical power supply has forced the pace developments in electrical power system analysis using computer. In this, power system analysis plays a significant role for the analysis of faulted power system, eventually for power system protection and control.
Importancia de la titulacion 1:50 en el diagnóstico serológico de la leptospirosis. Importance of titration 1:50 in the serological diagnosis of leptospirosis (1999)

Por primera vez en Cuba se incluyo la titulacion serologica 1:50 para el estudio de pacientes presuntamente enfermos de Leptospirosis y por primera vez tambien se realiza con este fin una investigacion en el pais, utilizando la tecnica de microaglutinacion. En 1996, se investigaron 1200 sueros de pacientes procedentes de hospitales, policlinicos y consultorios de los distintos municipios de la provincia de Pinar del Rio, los cuales fueron estudiados a partir de 1:50, con ocho serogrupos de leptospiras de referencia: leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae, Canicola, Pomona, Australis, Tarassovi, Hebdomadis y Grippotyphosa. Estos antigenos poseian condiciones optimas. En total 436 reacciones positivas de las cuales 194 fueron 1:50 (44,53 %) con rango de ocurrencia entre 39,2 - 49,2. Hubo diferencia significativa p<(0,05) entre Canicola y Tarassovi. Se concluyo que tiene gran importancia como nivel de corte primario pues detecta casos que se consideraban negativos cuando el titulo no llegaba a 1:100, incluso con clinica y epidemiologia sugestiva de Leptospirosis. Por lo tanto esta debe ser la dilucion de partida con esta tecnica para este diagnostico. DeSC: LEPTOSPIROSIS/ LABORATORIO For the first time in Cuba a serologic titration was included. The serologic titration 1:50 for the study of the patients supposedly having leptospirosis and for the first time a research is also made in the country. In 1996, 1200 sera of patients from hospitals, policlinics and physician's offices of the different township of the province of Pinar del Rio were investigated. The patients were studied from 1:50, with eight serogroups of reference leptospira: leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae, Canicola, Pomona, Australis, Tarassovi, Hebdomadis y Grippotyphosa. These antigens had optimum conditions. As a whole there were 436 positive reactions, 194 of them were 1:50 (44,53 %) with a range of occurrence between 39,2 - 49,2. There was a significant difference between Canicola and Tarassovi (p<0,05). Conclusion was made that titration 1:50 had a great importance as primary cut level because it detects cases which were considered negative when titration did not arrive to 1:100, including clinical and epidemiologic data suggestive of leptospirosis. Therefore this should be the dilution point suggestive of this technique for the diagnosis. DeSC: LEPTOSPIROSIS/ Laboratory
Hepatitis B: diagnosis, prevention, and treatment (1997)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection occurs worldwide and is an important cause of acute and chronic viral hepatitis in the US. In this review, I describe the virus, risk factors for infection, clinical features of infection, results of laboratory tests during infection, and standard and emerging treatment for chronic infection. Although 95% of adult patients recover completely from HBV infection, 90% of children < or = 4 years of age develop chronic infection. Active vaccination is highly efficacious.
Magnesium-Molybate Compounds as Matrix for 99Mo/99mTc Generators (2011)

This work reports the preparation of a 99mTc generator based on conversion of 99Mo produced by neutron irradiation, into insoluble magnesium 99Mo-molybdates compounds as matrix. The effect of magnesium salt types and concentration, Mg:Mo molar ratios, pH of molybdate solutions, eluate volume as well as the addition order of molybdate and magnesium solutions’ influences on the final 99mTc were evaluated. Polymetalates and polymolybdates salts either crystallized or amorphous were obtained depending on the magnesium salt and Mg:Mo molar ratio used in matrix preparation. 99Mo/99mTc generator production based on magnesium-99Mo molybdate compounds allow reduction of preparation time and eliminates the use of specialized installations. The best generator performances were attained using matrices prepared from 0.1 mol/L MgCl2·6H2O solutions, ammonium molybdate solutions at pH 7 and at a Mg:Mo molar ratio of 1:1.
Functional roles of exosomes in cardiovascular disorders: a systematic review. (2017)

Cardiovascular diseases are major causes of people death associated with high mortality and disability. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles containing protein, lipid, transcription factors, mRNAs, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) and nucleic acid contents, which are critical players of intercellular communication via long-range signals or cell-to-cell contact. The emergence of exosomes provides favorable strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Exosomes-based molecular mechanisms are important for developing novel therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular events. In this review, we will (1) provide insights into the detrimental and beneficial effects of exosomes on cardiovascular physiology, (2) summarize the underlying biological mechanisms of the exosome in cardiovascular events, (3) investigate the therapeutic value of exosomes for cardiovascular disorders.
Cobalt‐ and Nickel‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective Reductive Coupling of Alkynes, Allenes, and Alkenes with Alkenes (2008)

Transition-metal-catalyzed coupling of two different C-C pi components through a metallacycle intermediate is a highly atom economical method to construct C-C bonds in organic synthesis. The metal-catalyzed coupling of an alkene and alkyne generally gives an Alder-ene or reductive coupling product. In this article, we focus on the cobalt- and nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling of alkynes, allenes, and alkenes with alkenes. These reductive coupling reactions provide convenient methods for the synthesis of various alkenes, dienes, functionalized alkanes, lactones, lactams, and cyclic alcohols in a highly regio- and stereoselective manner. A chemselective formation of metallacyclopentene intermediate from the two different C-C pi components and a low-valence metal species plays a key role for the high regio- and stereoselectivity of the catalytic reaction.
Procedures for focusing, stigmating and alignment in high resolution electron microscopy (1983)

SUMMARY Several different approaches to the alignment, stigmating and focusing of a high resolution electron microscope are evaluated theoretically and experimentally. Ambiguities in the interpretation of diffractograms are pointed out which make it necessary to explore a range of incident beam directions before the correct alignment can be established. The variation of image contrast with the imaging conditions is examined in detail, and its global minimization is shown to be a reliable criteria for adjustment of all parameters. Recommendations are made as to the best procedures to adopt in various circumstances, and a computer‐controlled procedure based on the image contrast is described which sets all parameters automatically in less than a minute.
Coincidence Errors in a Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) and a Cloud and Aerosol Spectrometer (CAS), and the Improved Performance of a Modified CDP (2012)

Abstract Central to the aerosol indirect effect on climate is the relationship between cloud droplet concentrations Nd and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations. There are valid reasons to expect a sublinear relationship between measured Nd and CCN, and such relationships have been observed for clouds in a variety of locations. However, a measurement artifact known as “coincidence” can also produce a sublinear trend. The current paper shows that two commonly used instruments, the cloud droplet probe (CDP) and the cloud and aerosol spectrometer (CAS), can be subject to significantly greater coincidence errors than are typically recognized, with an undercounting bias of at least 27% and an oversizing bias of 20%–30% on average at Nd = 500 cm−3, and with an undercounting bias of as much as 44% at Nd = 1000 cm−3. This type of systematic error may have serious implications for interpretation of in situ cloud observations. It is shown that a simple optical modification of the CDP dramatically reduces oversizing and undercounting biases due to coincidence. Guidance is provided for diagnosing coincidence errors in CAS and CDP instruments.
One-Year Trajectories of Care and Resource Utilization for Recipients of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation (2010)

None.
The Palestinian Resistance Movement (1971)

Essay| January 01 1971 The Palestinian Resistance Movement John B. Wolf John B. Wolf Assistant Professor of History, The City University of New York John B. Wolf is a specialist in international relations and has written a number of published accounts of the role of national minorities in domestic and world politics. He was recently awarded a City University of New York research grant to complete a study of Sino-Soviet relations in Central Asia. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Current History (1971) 60 (353): 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1971.60.353.26 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation John B. Wolf; The Palestinian Resistance Movement. Current History 1 January 1971; 60 (353): 26–31. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1971.60.353.26 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1971 by The Regents of the University of California1971 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Quantitative Cell-Free Circulating BRAFV600E Mutation Analysis by Use of Droplet Digital PCR in the Follow-up of Patients with Melanoma Being Treated with BRAF Inhibitors (2014)

cfBRAF(V600E) quantification in plasma by ddPCR is useful as a follow-up to treatment response in patients with advanced melanoma.
Regulation of Endothelial Cell Differentiation and Specification (2013)

The circulatory system is the first organ system to develop in the vertebrate embryo and is critical throughout gestation for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to, as well as removal of metabolic waste products from, growing tissues. Endothelial cells, which constitute the luminal layer of all blood and lymphatic vessels, emerge de novo from the mesoderm in a process known as vasculogenesis. The vascular plexus that is initially formed is then remodeled and refined via proliferation, migration, and sprouting of endothelial cells to form new vessels from preexisting ones during angiogenesis. Mural cells are also recruited by endothelial cells to form the surrounding vessel wall. During this vascular remodeling process, primordial endothelial cells are specialized to acquire arterial, venous, and blood-forming hemogenic phenotypes and functions. A subset of venous endothelium is also specialized to become lymphatic endothelium later in development. The specialization of all endothelial cell subtypes requires extrinsic signals and intrinsic regulatory events, which will be discussed in this review.
Effects of genome-wide heterozygosity on a range of biomedically relevant human quantitative traits (2007)

The dramatic changes in human population structure over the last 200 years have resulted in significant levels of outbreeding, which, in turn, is predicted to lead to increased levels of individual genetic diversity (genome-wide heterozygosity, h). To investigate possible effects of these large demographic changes on global health, we studied the effect of h, measured as relative heterozygosity, h(R), on 15 disease-related traits in four groups of individuals with widely differing ancestral histories (ranging from outbred to inbred) from the Dalmatian islands in Croatia. Higher levels of h(R), estimated using 1184 STR/indel markers, were found in the outbred group (P < 0.0001) and were associated with lower blood pressure (BP) and total/LDL cholesterol (P = 0.01 and 0.01, respectively) after controlling for other factors, with BP showing a strong sex effect (males P > 0.5 and females P = 0.002). These findings, if replicated, suggest that h(R) be considered as a genetic risk factor in genetic epidemiological studies on common disease traits. They are consistent with the well-known effects of heterosis (hybrid vigour) described when outcrossing animals and plants. Outbreeding resulting from urbanization and migration from traditional population subgroups may be leading to increasing h(R) and may have beneficial effects on a range of traits associated with human health and disease. Other traits, such as age at menarche, IQ and lifespan, which have been changing during the decades of urbanization, may also have been influenced by demographic factors.
국외전출세 제도의 세부적 평가 및 개선방안 (2021)

본 연구는 과세실무 및 조세정책적 측면의 중요성을 고려해서 우리나라의 현행 국외전출세 제도를 세부적으로 평가하고, 이를 바탕으로 효과적이고 합리적으로 시행을 위한 구체적인 개선방안을 제시하였다.
본 연구의 분석 결과 먼저, 국외전출자의 요건 및 국외전출일의 판단에 대한 명확한 규정이 법령한 미비한 문제점을 개선하기 위해 시민권 등의 포기일이나 출국일 등을 기준으로 하는 미국과 캐나다의 규정과 유사한 방식으로 과세체계를 개편하는 것이 필요하다. 단, 이들 중 보다 합리적인 캐나다와 유사한 방식으로 법령을 개정하는 경우에도 단순한 출국 사실만으로 국외전출자로 구분하는 것은 비현실적이기 때문에 일정 기간 동안의 누적 출국횟수 및 출국 후의 국외 거주기간 등을 기준으로 보다 구체적 범위를 규정할 필요성이 있다. 또한, 국외전출자의 기간적 구분을 명확하게 하는 방식으로 국외전출세를 개편하는 경우에는 개별 국가별 거주기간에 따라 자본이득을 계산해서 국가별 세율에 의해 과세하는 과세방식으로의 세법 개정도 이루어질 필요성이 있다.
다음으로, 국외전출세의 과세대상이 국외전출세 국내주식 등으로 매우 제한적으로 규정된 문제점을 개선하기 위해 과세대상을 다양한 금융자산으로 확대하고, 현행 대주주 기준 대신 과세대상 자산의 기준금액으로 납세의무자를 규정하거나, 보유자산과 무관하게 소득의 기준금액으로 납세의무자를 보충적으로 규정할 필요성이 있다. 또한, 납세자의 보유재산을 정확하게 파악하기 위해 해외자산신고 제와의 연계를 강화해서 시행상 실효성을 확보할 필요성이 있고, 현행 세법의 과세대상 자산을 유지할 경우에는 납세의무자의 판단기준일에만 대주주에 해당하지 않기 위한 조세회피에 대응하기 위해 대상 주주의 범위를 확대하는 세법상 보완이 필요하다.
다음으로, 현행 세법에서 국외전출세의 과세권을 실효적으로 확보하기 위한 세법상 장치가 출국일 전의 국내주식 등의 보유현황 신고 외에는 없고, 보유현황을 신고하지 않더라도 가산세 외의 추가적인 과세상 불이익이 없는 문제점을 개선하기 위해 국세기본법상 법인의 제2차 납세의무와 유사한 방식으로 발행법인을 대상으로 대주주 등의 미납 국외전출세에 대한 과세권을 확보하도록 하는 세법상 보완을 고려할 수 있다. 추가적으로, 국외전출세의 경우에도 과세표준을 공유하는 지방소득세의 납세의무가 발생하는데, 별도의 지방소득세 신고·납부 및 경정청구 등을 이행하는 것이 현실적으로 어려울 수 있기 때문에 국외전출세와 관련한 일체의 납부 및 환급시 지방소득세를 포함해서 세액을 계산하도록 하는 과세상 개선도 필요하다.
마지막으로, 국외전출 이후의 장기간 주식 보유로 인해 납부유예기간의 종료일의 간주처분 규정에 의해 국외전출세를 납부한 이후에 해당 주식을 실제로 처분한 경우에는 이미 납부한 국외전출세를 기납부세액으로 차감하면서 재계산한 조정공제 및 외국납부세액공제 등을 재차 적용해서 산출한 경정차감납부세액을 수정신고를 통해 신고·납부하도록 하거나 경정청구를 통한 환급을 허용하는 것이 필요한 반면 현행 세법에서는 이러한 경정차감납부세액의 신고·납부 또는 환급에 대한 규정이 미비한 문제점이 있기 때문에 국세기본법상 수정신고의 요건 및 후발적 사유로 인한 경정 등의 청구의 요건을 개정하는 세법상 보완이 필요하다. 추가적으로, 국외전출자의 재전입 등에 따라 기납부한 국외전출세액의 환급신청과 관련한 구체적 절차규정을 마련하는 것과 함께 국외전출자의 납부유예기간 경과 후의 재전입에 대해서도 국외전출세액의 환급신청을 허용하는 세법개정이 필요하고, 납부유예 기간의 경과로 인해 환급신청을 제한할 경우에도 국외전출자 국내주식 등을 최종적으로 양도하는 경우에는 양도소득세의 세액계산에서 기납부한 국외전출세액을 차감하도록 허용하는 세법개정이 필요하다.
Voltammetry of Immobilized Particles of Cannabinoids (2013)

Abstract A new electrochemical method for the detection of cannabinoids in food products is proposed. The method is based on the voltammetry of microparticles at a paraffin‐impregnated graphite electrode. In square‐wave voltammetry, in 0.1 M KNO 3 at pH 7, the responses of delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol and cannabidiol consist of a single peak with the maximum at 0.55 V±0.01 V. This peak is ascribed to the electrooxidation of the phenol group to phenoxy radical. In microparticles of hemp and marijuana cannabinoids can be detected in pure drug as well as in the mixture with foreign insoluble powders.
Making sense of sensors (2009)

Researchers are recognizing the potential of position sensors to help them overcome the limitations of traditional user interfaces.
Interactive Tuning of Robot Program Parameters via Expected Divergence Maximization (2020)

Enabling diverse users to program robots for different applications is critical for robots to be widely adopted. Most of the new collaborative robot manipulators come with intuitive programming interfaces that allow novice users to compose robot programs and tune their parameters. However, parameters like motion speeds or exerted forces cannot be easily demonstrated and often require manual tuning, resulting in a tedious trial-and-error process. To address this problem, we formulate tuning of one-dimensional parameters as an Active Learning problem where the learner iteratively refines its estimate of the feasible range of parameter values, by selecting informative queries. By executing the parametrized actions, the learner gathers the user's feedback, in the form of directional answers ("higher,'' "lower,'' or "fine''), and integrates it in the estimate. We propose an Active Learning approach based on Expected Divergence Maximization for this setting and compare it against two baselines with synthetic data. We further compare the approaches on a real-robot dataset obtained from programs written with a simple Domain-Specific Language for a robot arm and manually tuned by expert users (N=8) to perform four manipulation tasks. We evaluate the effectiveness and usability of our interactive tuning approach against manual tuning with a user study where novice users (N=8) tuned parameters of a human-robot hand-over program.
Serum amyloid A in atherosclerosis (2011)

This review will discuss recent experimental evidence supporting a causal role of SAA with atherosclerosis.
The First T5‐Supertetrahedron in Oxide Chemistry: Na<sub>26</sub>Mn<sub>39</sub>O<sub>55</sub>. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
GPU-based parallelization for fast circuit optimization (2009)

The progress of GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) technology opens a new avenue for boosting computing power. This work is an attempt to exploit GPU for accelerating VLSI circuit optimization. We propose GPU-based parallel computing techniques and apply them on simultaneous gate sizing and threshold voltage assignment, which is often employed in practice for performance and power optimization. These techniques are aimed to fully utilize the benefits of GPU through efficient task scheduling and memory organization. Compared to conventional sequential computation, our techniques can provide up to 56x speedup without any sacrifice on solution quality.
Fiber-optic sensors make waves in acoustics, control, and navigation (1990)

The operation of fiber-based sensors is explained and the two types (intensity-based and phase-based) are examined in detail. Research directed toward the use of fiber-optic interferometric sensors for underwater acoustic sensing is discussed. Developments in fiber-optic magnetic sensors, flow measurement, and gyroscopes are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluation of canine heat‐shock transcription factor 4 as a candidate for primary cataracts in English Cocker Spaniels and wire‐haired Kromfohrlanders (2007)

Canine heat-shock transcription factor 4 (HSF4) was evaluated as a candidate for primary cataracts in English Cocker Spaniels (ECS) and wire-haired Kromfohrlanders (KFL). We sequenced exon 9 and its flanking regions of the HSF4 gene in ECS and KFL but were not able to detect a previously reported insertion mutation associated with primary cataracts in Staffordshire Bull Terriers and Boston Terriers. Another single nucleotide polymorphism (LOC489766:g.3243A>G) in intron 9 was identified and included in linkage and association tests together with two flanking microsatellites. Linkage and association tests with primary cataracts in ECS and KFL were not significant. Therefore, we could not verify that the mutation in exon 9 of canine HSF4 gene is causative for primary cataracts in ECS and wire-haired KFL.
Extreme Value Theory for Risk Managers (1999)

We provide an overview of the role of extreme value theory (EVT) in risk man-agement (RM), as a method for modelling and measuring extreme risks. We con-centrate on the peaks-over-threshold (POT) model and emphasize the generality of this approach. Wherever the tail of a loss distribution is of interest, whether for market, credit, operational or insurance risks, the POT method provides a simple tool for estimating measures of tail risk. In particular we show how the POTmethod may be embedded in a stochastic volatility framework to deliver useful estimates of Value-at-Risk (VaR) and expected shortfall, a coherent alternative to the VaR, for market risks. Further topics of interest, including multivariate extremes, models for stress losses and software for EVT, are also discussed. 1 A General Introduction to Extreme Risk Extreme event risk is present in all areas of risk management. Whether we are concerned with market, credit, operational or insurance risk, one of the greatest challenges to the risk manager is to implement risk management models which allow for rare but damaging