gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Embryonic apoptosis-inducing proteins exhibited anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. (2001)

A 54 Kd apoptosis-inducing protein with novel amino acid sequence has been purified from the conditioned medium of the embryonic cell line, C3H 10T1/2 cells. An apoptosis-inducing protein identified to be fetal fetuin and a 60 Kd apoptosis-inducing protein have also been found in fetal serum and fresh embryo extract, respectively. Interestingly, a common characteristic of these embryonic apoptosis-inducing proteins is that they selectively induced apoptosis in cancer without affecting normal cells. For example, the 54 Kd protein selectively induced apoptosis in 10 out of 12 cancer cell lines without affecting 12 normal cell lines we tested. Fetal fetuin, on the other hand, selectively induced apoptosis in 5 cancer cell lines without affecting the 3 normal cell lines we tested. In vivo, tumor animal model study showed that fetal fetuin enhanced survival in leukemia-bearing mice and strongly inhibited the formation of prostate cancer in a PC-3 prostate cancer model in mice. A working hypothesis has been proposed to aid in the study of the mechanism by which the embryonic apoptosis-inducing proteins selectively induced apoptosis in cancer without affecting normal cells. This hypothesis states that due to the retro-differentiational characteristic of malignancy, cancer cells may re-express the signal transduction machinery for development-related apoptosis, which is otherwise to be normally expressed by embryonic, but not by adult cells. The embryonic apoptosis-inducing proteins may therefore induced apoptosis in cancer but not in normal cells and may be developed as an anticancer agent. This new concept may constitute a new approach for cancer therapy, which we tentatively designated as "Retro-differentiational Apoptosis Cancer Therapy", (R-ACT).
The Designer's Self‐Identity — Myths of Creativity and the Management of Teams<sup>1</sup> (1997)

This paper describes recent research conducted at Sheffield Hallam University in which practising designers reported on their experiences of working in a cross functional team. The survey related these experiences to the designers' attitudes to their creativity. Two models for creativity are proposed—one based on the romantic stereotype of the creative genius, the other taking creativity to be an attribute possessed by all human beings in some measure, which can be enhanced by personal effort or by training. Identifying features of cross functional teams which are likely to demand certain personal qualities in designers, the paper notes that these are at odds with the qualities of a ‘romantic‐type’ creative person. The link between these qualities, and notions of personality as a set of fixed attributes is pointed out. Several theories of personality which describe mechanisms for change in self identity are described. It is noted that the results of the survey suggest that in many cases designers have a pragmatic attitude to their creativity, despite the prevalence of the romantic stereotype for creativity in the literature of both management and education. Principles are suggested for design education, to enable designers to re‐evaluate creativity reflexively as a component of their self identity to enhance their performance as teamworkers.
Corrosion and Degradation of Ceramic Particulate Filters in Direct Coal-Fired Turbine Applications (1991)

High-temperature ceramic filters show considerable promise for efficient particulate removal from coal combustion systems. Advanced coal utilization processes such as direct coal-fired turbines require particulate-free gas for successful operation. This paper describes the various ceramic particulate filters under development and reviews the degradation mechanisms expected when operated in coal combustion systems.
Fuel lubricity (1996)

Examines the issues surrounding fuel lubricity by explaining the background to the problems surrounding lubricity in diesel engines. As the need for low sulphur diesels arose it became clear that a universally accepted bench test was required and ISO working group SC7/WG6 was set up in 1992 to decide on a standard test. The group recommended that an HFRR (high frequency reciprocating rig) ball‐on‐flat test should be adopted. Describes the test methodology.
Intracellular delivery of biologic therapeutics by bacterial secretion systems (2017)

Biologics are a promising new class of drugs based on complex macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. However, delivery of these macromolecules into the cytoplasm of target cells remains a significant challenge. Here we present one potential solution: bacterial nanomachines that have evolved over millions of years to efficiently deliver proteins and nucleic acids across cell membranes and between cells. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the different bacterial systems capable of direct delivery into the eukaryotic cytoplasm and the medical applications for which they are being investigated, along with a perspective on the future directions of this exciting field.
THE LEKSELL GAMMA KNIFE PERFEXION AND COMPARISONS WITH ITS PREDECESSORS (2007)

The Perfexion exceeds the capabilities of previous gamma knife models in terms of treatment efficiency, conformity, and radiation protection. These qualities enable treatment of larger target volumes, especially close to eloquent areas. Pathologies previously inaccessible in the head and neck are now treatable due to the increased volume of the radiation cavity.
Onshore 4D processing: Niger Delta example: Kolo Creek case study (2011)

Onshore 4D seismic evaluation has not been as successful as offshore 4D seismic except for shallow onshore reservoirs with large changes in acoustic impedance caused by production. This paper demonstrates 4D challenges inherent in an onshore environment due to urbanization, unavoidable changes in acquisition design, statics, noise and further repeatability issues and ways in which these challenges were tackled in the Kolo Creek 4D processing. This processing resulted in optimized 4D seismic dataset with an average RMS repeatability ratio (RRR) of 0.28. It is expected that the new 4D seismic data would improve well reservoir management and optimize field development plan for the Kolo Creek field.
Analysis by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis of the polypeptide composition of pea mitochondria isolated from different tissues (1987)

Abstract The polypeptide composition of purified mitochondria isolated from pea epicotyls was studied by one‐ and two‐dimensional electrophoresis. It was shown that two‐dimensional electrophoresis was necessary to clearly resolve polypeptides of molecuar weights ranging from 50 000 to 60 000. Mitochondria were fractionated into a soluble fraction corresponding to the matrix and an insoluble fraction containing membrane components. Spots characteristic of one or the other fraction were thus localized on the two‐dimensional gel map of whole mitochondria. In addition, a comparison was made of polypeptide composition in mitochondria isolated from etiolated and green leaves. It was shown that mitochondria from photosynthetic tissue differ from those on non‐photosynthetic tissue by quantitative and qualitative changes of their polypeptide composition. The most characteristic changes in green leaves are the loss of one polypeptide ( M r 35 000 and p I 6.3) and the quantitative increase of four other spots. These spots belong to the matrix compartment. Their apparent molecular weights are 97 000, 51 000, 43 000 and 15 000. Conversion of glycine to serine during the photorespiration process being characteristic of mitochondria from photosynthesizing tissue, we suggest that these spots could correspond to subunits of the glycine decarboxylase multienzyme complex.
Nucleate Pool Boiling Characteristics From a Horizontal Microheater Array (2005)

Pool boiling heat transfer measurements from different heater sizes and shapes were obtained in low-g (0.01 g) and high-g (1.7 g) aboard the NASA operated KC-135 aircraft. Boiling on 4 square heater arrays of different size (0.65 mm2, 2.62 mm2, 7.29 mm2, 49 mm2) was investigated. The heater arrays consist of 96 independent square heaters that were maintained at an isothermal boundary condition using control circuitry. A fractional factorial experimental method was designed to investigate the effects of bulk liquid subcooling, wall superheat, gravitational level, heater size and aspect ratio, and dissolved gas concentration on pool boiling behavior. In high-g, pool boiling behavior was found to be consistent with classical models for nucleate pool boiling in 1-g. For heater sizes larger than the isolated bubble departure diameter predicted from the Fritz correlation, the transport process was dominated by the ebullition cycle and the primary mechanisms for heat transfer were transient conduction and microconvection to the rewetting liquid in addition to latent heat transfer. For heater sizes smaller than this value, the boiling process is dominated by surface tension effects which can cause the formation of a single primary bubble that does not depart the heater surface and a strong reduction in heat transfer. In low-g, pool boiling performance is always dominated by surface tension effects and two mechanisms were identified to dominate heat and mass transport: 1) satellite bubble coalescence with the primary bubble which tends to occur at lower wall superheats and 2) thermocapillary convection at higher wall superheats and higher bulk subcoolings. Satellite bubble coalescence was identified to be the CHF mechanism under certain conditions. Thermocapillary convection caused a dramatic enhancement in heat transfer at higher subcoolings and is modeled analytically. Lastly, lower dissolved gas concentrations were found to enhance the heat transfer in low-g. At higher dissolved gas concentrations, bubbles grow larger and dryout a larger portion of the heater surface.
Quantum Well Intermixing Revolutionizes High Power Laser Diodes (2007)

Abstract Quantum well intermixing (QWI), an innovative monolithic integration platform, is changing the way diode lasers solve evolving optoelectronic needs – from high density, individually addressable laser arrays to high power laser products. QWI‐enabled lasers deliver superior performance in terms of power, brightness, reliability, and yield, and are driving a revolution across market sectors including digital printing, defense, industrial, and medical imaging.
PLASMA REFORMING OF DIESEL FUEL (1999)

The use of a plasma reformer for the generation of hydrogen rich gas from diesel fuel has been investigated. A system that is normally used for investigating natural gas reforming has been modified in order to investigate the reforming of heavy liquid fuels. The composition of the reformate has been investigated as a function of the composition of the reagents. The use of a one-step reformer/water shifter was studied. Good reforming, with no noticeable soot production, was obtained. The specific energy consumption was equal to that previously obtained with methane reforming, with much reduced concentration of methane in the reformate. 1. Introduction. Thermal plasma technology can be efficiently used in the production of hydrogen and hydrogen-rich gases from methane and a variety of fuels [1-3]. The thermal plasma is a highly energetic state of matter that is characterized by extremely high temperatures (several thousand degrees Celsius) and high degree of dissociation and substantial degree of ionization. The high
Signal De-Noising of Quench Detection by Real-Time Wavelet Analysis Algorithm for HTS Coil and Magnet (2016)

For automatic quench protection system, correction of quench judgment is important to the prolonged stable operation of superconducting devices. In poor electromagnetic environment, quench detection based on electrometric method is easily interfered by noise and severely disrupted quench signal may cause wrong quench determination and malfunction of quench protection, thereby resulting in unnecessary loss. One reason causing noise is current fluctuation and the noise is hard to be filtered by conventional filter circuit. In order to restrain noise and reduce false action of quench detection, this paper proposes a real-time wavelet analysis algorithm based on field programmable gate array platform. Experiment of filtering noise coupled whit quench signal of a HTS coil shows that the real-time wavelet analysis algorithm can filter noise out effectively. This method can be applied for filtering noise of quench detection for HTS coil and magnet.
The early response of oral, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer related to local control and survival. (1980)

Between 1st January 1968 and 31st December 1973, 686 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx were referred to the Radiotherapy Departments in Newcastle upon Tyne. Cases have been evaluated at either or both of the one and three month post-treatment visits. Of those patients who completely responded by three months, 27% died due to their malignancy. 23% of these cases recurred within the treated volume. By contrast, of those patients who failed to show a complete response at three months, 87% died due to their malignancy and 84% failed to achieve local control. Possible ways in which this information might affect management of the patient and future clinical studies are briefly discussed.
Mycobacterium smegmatis strain for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by PCR used as internal control for inhibition of amplification and for quantification of bacteria (1994)

For the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by PCR, the IS6110 sequence was used. A modified target was constructed by insertion of 56 nucleotides in the IS6110 insertion element of Mycobacterium bovis BCG. This modified insertion sequence was integrated into the genome of Mycobacterium smegmatis, a mycobacterium species which does not contain the IS6110 element. When DNA from the modified M. smegmatis 1008 strain was amplified with IS6110-specific primers INS1 and INS2, a band of 301 bp was seen on agarose gel, whereas the PCR product of M. tuberculosis complex DNA was a 245-bp fragment with these primers. The addition of a small number of M. smegmatis 1008 cells to clinical samples before DNA purification enables the detection of problems which may be due to the loss of DNA in the isolation procedure or to the presence of inhibitors. The presence of inhibitors of the amplification reaction can be confirmed by the addition of M. smegmatis 1008 DNA after the DNA isolation procedure. Furthermore, competition between the different target DNAs of M. smegmatis 1008 DNA and M. tuberculosis complex DNA enables the estimation of the number of IS6110 elements in the clinical sample.
Synthesis methods for 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (2009)

Synthesis methods are considered for 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (2,6-NDA), a valuable monomer used in the production of polyesters (polyethylene naphthalate) possessing better properties than the conventional polyethylene terephthalate polymers. Most of the 2,6-NDA synthesis processes being developed now are based on the catalytic oxidation of alkylnaphthalenes and suffer from a number of drawbacks, such as the necessity of performing the process in several steps and low selectivity. More attractive is the homogeneous catalytic oxidative carbonylation of naphthalene in palladium salt solutions in the presence of a reoxidizer. The direct introduction of a carbonyl group into the aromatic ring in combination with the conversion of naphthalenecarboxylic acid derivatives into 2,6-NDA is a way to few-step, highly selective 2,6-NDA synthesis processes. Since the homogeneous palladium catalysts are readily available and are to be used at low concentrations, these processes are of great practical interest.
The comparative efficacy of buspirone and diazepam in the treatment of anxiety (1979)

In this double-blind study, 56 adult psychoneurotic outpatients with a primary diagnosis of anxiety neurosis were randomly assigned to receive buspirone (N = 18), diazepam (N = 20), or placebo (N = 18) over a four-week period. A battery of tests administered weekly indicated that buspirone, a new agent not chemically related to any currently marketed drugs, was as effective an antianxiety agent as diazepam and produced no more and perhaps fewer side effects. Buspirone showed excellent antidepressant effects as well. If further studies confirm the authors' findings and determine that buspirone does not result in tolerance and addiction, it would be more advantageous than the benzodiazepines in the treatment of anxiety.
A Network Based IMSI Catcher Detection (2016)

The weaknesses of 2G combined with the need for backward compatibility make all the mobile networks 2G, 3G and 4G vulnerable to Man-in-the- Middle attacks using fake base stations ("IMSI Catchers"). Such equipment used to be quite expensive and unaffordable for most people. However, with the fall of hardware prices and the emergence of open source software, it is possible to build an IMSI catcher for less than two thousand dollars. The user privacy has never before been threatened as today. The existing detection systems is based on software applications installed on smartphones or special dedicated stand-alone systems. These systems are both expensive and have a limited range of detection. We propose a new detection method that uses existing GSM infrastructure to identify and detect IMSI Catchers. The benefits of this method include the protection of all users on total coverage of the operator's network and the cost saving since no extra equipment is required.
Machine learning approaches for soil classification in a multi-agent deficit irrigation control system (2009)

We propose a novel approach to automating soil texture classification from in situ sensors in the field. This approach exploits the features of a soil water retention model using machine learning algorithms. Knowledge of the soil textures is then used to learn the composition of the field and its soil horizons. We discuss the role of soil texture classification within our multi-agent irrigation control system and then conduct a preliminary experiment with soil water retention data from the UNSODA database. The system is evaluated with respect to six classifiers. A maximum classification rate of 85.11% was achieved with a MLP neural network, although performance was relatively consistent across all classifiers.
11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione Returns to the Steroid Arena: Biosynthesis, Metabolism and Function (2013)

The biological significance of 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (11OHA4) has eluded researchers for the past six decades. It is now known that 11OHA4 is biosynthesized in the androgen arm of the adrenal steroidogenesis pathway and subsequently metabolized by steroidogenic enzymes in vitro, serving as precursor to recognized and novel androgenic steroids. These in vitro findings extend beyond the adrenal, suggesting that 11OHA4 could be metabolized in steroid-responsive peripheral tissues, as is the case for androgen precursor metabolites of adrenal origin. The significance thereof becomes apparent when considering that the metabolism of 11OHA4 in LNCaP androgen dependent prostate cancer cells yields androgenic steroid metabolites. It is thus possible that 11OHA4 may be metabolized to yield ligands for steroid receptors in not only the prostate but also in other steroid-responsive tissues. Future investigations of 11OHA4 may therefore characterize it as a vital steroid with far-reaching physiological consequences. An overview of the research on 11OHA4 since its identification in 1953 will be presented, with specific focus on the most recent works that have advanced our understanding of its biological role, thereby underscoring its relevance in health and disease.
Adaptive Multi-channel Utilization Scheme for Coexistence of IEEE802.15.4 LR-WPAN with Other Interfering Systems (2009)

Due to advantages in enough number of channels and favorable bandwidth, 2.4 GHz ISM band is used as the most prevalent band for the IEEE802.15.4 LR-WPAN. However, there are an increasing number of other devices and systems which may interfere with the IEEE 802.15.4 communication. Therefore, the coexistence issue is one of the most critical challenges for the IEEE 802.15.4. In this paper, we propose an Adaptive Multi-Channel Utilization scheme (AMCU), to enable a WPAN to coexist with other interfering systems. By utilizing multiple channels dynamically, it is possible that an interfered device or coordinator is recovered quickly, avoiding interference during run time as well as during association stage. In addition, in normal state, each device maintains very low duty cycle as in the standard.
6‐Phosphogluconolactonase (1983)

6-Phosphogluconolactonase was purified to apparent homogeneity in a four-step procedure from bovine erythrocytes. The extent of purification and the kinetic properties of the enzyme were evaluated with an optical test that was based on the hydrolysis of synthetic 6-phosphogluconolactone. The active enzyme from bovine erythrocytes is a monomer with an approximate molecular weight of 30000. It exhibits Michaelis-Menten kinetics and cofactors are not required for activity. The enzyme was found in a number of tissues. Its activity, when compared to the activity of the glycolytic enzymes, illustrates the importance of glucose oxidation via the pentose phosphate pathway relative to glycolysis.
Label-Free Fluorescent Detection of Protein Kinase Activity Based on the Aggregation Behavior of Unmodified Quantum Dots (2010)

Herein, we present a novel label-free fluorescent assay for monitoring the activity and inhibition of protein kinases based on the aggregation behavior of unmodified CdTe quantum dots (QDs). In this assay, cationic substrate peptides induce the selective aggregation of unmodified QDs with anionic surface charge, whereas phosphorylated peptides do not. Phosphorylation by kinase alters the net charge of peptides and subsequently inhibits the aggregation of unmodified QDs, causing an enhanced fluorescence with a 45 nm blue-shift in emission and a yellow-to-green emission color change. Hence the fluorescence response allows this QD-based method to easily probe kinase activity by a spectrometer or even by the naked eye. The feasibility of the method has been demonstrated by sensitive measurement of the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) with a low detection limit (0.47 mU μL(-1)). On the basis of the fluorescence response of QDs on the concentration of PKA inhibitor H-89, the IC(50) value, the half maximal inhibitory concentration, was estimated, which was in agreement with the literature value. Moreover, the system can be applicable to detect the Forskolin/3-isobutyl-1-methylxantine (IBMX)-stimulated activation of PKA in cell lysate. Unlike the existing QD-based enzyme activity assays in which the modification process of QDs is essential, this method relies on unmodified QDs without the requirement of peptide labeling and QDs' modification, presenting a promising candidate for cost-effective kinase activity and inhibitor screening assays.
Co-targeting ER and HER family receptors induces apoptosis in HER2-normal or overexpressing breast cancer models. (2015)

ER-HER co-targeting enhanced the antitumor effects and can bring about effects of targeting HER2 in models of HER2-normal breast cancer.