gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of a greenhouse heating system using ground water heat pumps (1985)

A technical-economic study on using ground water heat pumps for greenhouse heating was done. A heat pump system was tested. A mathematical model was then developed and used to simulate the system's performance. Using climatic and economic data it was found that the optimal heat pump power is 45 to 55% of the maximum heat requirement in a hybrid heating system. Groundwater flow and water management are the main factors limiting the use of heat pumps.
First results with a new, pressure-free, adhesive bone conduction hearing aid (2018)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the hearing benefit, advantages and disadvantages with a new, non-implantable, pressure-free, adhesive bone conduction hearing aid in a series of patients.
Highly Stereoselective anti S<sub>N</sub>2′ Substitutions of (Z)‐Allylic Pentafluorobenzoates with Polyfunctionalized Zinc—Copper Reagents. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Equivalent Circuit for Dipole Antennas in a Lossy Medium (2012)

A lumped-parameter equivalent circuit for an uninsulated antenna in a lossy medium is derived from the impedance of the same antenna in air. Consisting of four frequency-independent elements and four elements related to loss tangent and frequency, the equivalent circuit is sufficiently accurate for a broadband simulation including the resonant frequency at which antennas are generally designed to operate. Acceptable relative errors are demonstrated by comparing the results of the equivalent circuit with simulated data obtained from a full wave analysis. The equivalent circuit can be used to replace complex antenna models in lossy media and quantify the effect of the loss on antenna performance.
Influence of fiber coating and interphase on the design of polymeric composite strength - Analytical predictions (1995)

The paper discusses the effects of tough compliant thermoplastic fiber coatings on the composite strength under tension, compression, shear, transverse, and thermal loading. Various strength prediction models are reviewed and used to estimate the influence of the compliant fiber coating on the strength values. Parameter studies for various relative coating stiffness and thickness are performed. It is found that some models predict that a compliant fiber coating may reduce the overall static strength of the composite. However, a more detailed analysis points out that such reduction may be compensated by the more subtle improvements induced by the coating in the statistical strength of the processed fibers and in the reduction of stress concentration around the broken fiber through spreading of the effect over a larger number of adjacent fibers. Reduction in residual stresses due to thermal differences between processing and operating temperatures are also predicted.
Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma Ligands in the Vessel Wall (2002)

Summary: Background: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a ligand inducible transcription factor expressed mainly in adipose tissue and involved in regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism.Methods: Among the exogenous PPARγ ligands are thiazolidinediones (TZDs, insulin sensitizers), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), whereas the endogenous inducers comprise prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2). Ligands of PPARγ are also involved in regulation of inflammation and angiogenesis.Results: Recently PPARγ has been detected in endothelium, vascular smooth muscle cells, and, to the highest extent, in macrophages/foam cells within atherosclerotic plaques.Conclusions: Here we summarize the possible roles played by PPARγ in the vessel wall. Zusammenfassung: Grundlagen: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) ist ein Liganden-induzierbarer Transkriptionsfaktor, der hauptsächlich im adipösen Gewebe exprimiert wird und in die Regulation der Lipid- und Glukosemetabolismen involviert ist.Methodik: Zu den exogenen PPARγ-Liganden gehören die Thiazolidindione (TZDs) und die nicht-steroidalen Antiphlogistika (NSAID). Prostaglandin D2 (PgD2) und Prostaglandin J2 (PgJ2) können PPARγ endogen induzieren. Die Liganden von PPARγ sind auch in der Regulation von Entzündung und Angiogenese involviert.Ergebnisse: Vor kurzem konnte PPARγ im Endothel, in den glatten Gefäßmuskulaturzellen und mit der höchsten Konzentration in Makrophagen/Schaumzellen in atherosklerotischen Plaques gemessen werden.Schlußfolgerungen: Wir fassen hier die möglichen Rollen, die PPARγ in der Gefäßwand spielt, zusammen.
[Hirschsprung-neurointestinal dyspasia: diferential diagnosis and reliability of diagnostic procedures]. (2006)

The suspicion of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) or Neurointestinal Dysplasia (NID) arises with the appearance of a common symtomatology : delay in meconium evacuation, abdominal distention, vomiting, intestinal occlusion and ultimately, chronic constipation. The need to perform a correct differential diagnosis between both pathologies is essential, given that the treatment of HD is surgical while NID is expectant. The objective of this paper is to define the necessity of using or not all the diagnostic tests simultaneously to obtain a precise diagnosis. The authors performed a complete clinical review of a series of 42 HD and 18 NID analysing the results of diagnostic procedures (Radiology / transition zone, anorrectal manometry / absence of anal inhibitory reflex, and suction biopsy / AcHE study). The authors concluded that is necessary to perform all the three diagnostic procedures simultaneously in all patients with symtomatology given that not one test has the capacity to provide a diagnosis alone. Anorectal manometry has proven to be the most reliable test to diagnose HD. The authors agree with the guidelines published by Meier Ruge in 2004 to diagnose NID.
Three-Dimensional Culture Alters Primary Cardiac Cell Phenotype (2009)

The directed formation of complex three-dimensional (3D) tissue architecture is a fundamental goal in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The growth of cells in 3D structures is expected to influence cellular phenotype and function, especially relative cell distribution, expression profiles, and responsiveness to exogenous signals; however, relatively few studies have been carried out to examine the effects of 3D reaggregation on cells from critical target organs, like the heart. Accordingly, we cultured primary cardiac ventricular cells in a 3D model system using a serum-free medium to test the hypothesis that expression profiles, multicellular organizational pathways, tissue maturation markers, and responsiveness to hormone stimulation were significantly altered in stable cell populations grown in 3D versus 2D culture. We found that distinct multi-cellular structures formed in 3D in conjunction with changes in mRNA expression profile, up-regulation of endothelial cell migratory pathways, decreases in the expression of fetal genes (Nppa and Ankrd1), and increased sensitivity to tri-iodothyronine stimulation when compared to parallel 2D cultures comprising the same cell populations. These results indicate that the culture of primary cardiac cells in 3D aggregates leads to physiologically relevant alterations in component cell phenotype consistent with cardiac ventricular tissue formation and maturation.
David W. Talmage, 1919–2014 (2014)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Normal Versus High Tension Glaucoma (2009)

The visual field data suggest more localized and central defects for NTG than HTG.
Anti-Invasive Activity of Anthocyanins Isolated from <i>Vitis coignetiae</i> in Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells (2009)

We investigated anti-invasive effects of the anthocyanins from fruits of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat (known as meoru in Korea) on human hepatoma Hep3B cells. The anthocyanins inhibited cell invasion in a dose-dependent manner as measured by Matrigel (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) invasion assays. They also inhibited expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 and activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that the anthocyanins isolated from fruits of V. coignetiae Pulliat have anti-invasive effects on human hepatoma Hep3B cells and inhibit MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene expression at least in part through the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation.
Wear Behaviour of HVOF-Sprayed Nanostructured WC-CoCr Coatings (2011)

Abstract HVOF-sprayed WC–10wt%Co–4wt.%Cr coatings were obtained using experimental feedstock powders (manufactured by spray-drying + sintering), containing nanometric carbide particles. Three reference coatings were also deposited using commercially-available powders containing sub-micrometric carbide particles. The coatings obtained from nanostructured powders, although affected by decarburisation phenomena, contained very fine carbide particles (~200 nm size). Those obtained from commercially-available powders simultaneously exhibited sub-micrometric (~400 nm size) and micrometric carbide particles, and were much less decarburised. Sliding wear tests performed at room temperature against sintered Al2O3 balls showed the occurrence of brittle fracture wear (detachment of near-surface material by local brittle cracking) on the nanostructured coatings, which were embrittled by decarburisation. The reference coatings, by contrast, exhibited either ductile wear behaviour (plastic deformation, pull-out of single carbide particles) or a mix of both ductile and brittle wear mechanisms. When the decarburisation of the nanostructured coatings was not too extensive, their wear loss was comparable to that of the reference ones. At 500 °C, the wear behaviour of all coatings was dominated by abrasive grooving, on account of thermal softening. The most decarburised nanostructured coatings, however, still experienced brittle cracking as well.
Commentary. The Role of Oxidative Damage in Metal Carcinogenicity (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCommentary. The Role of Oxidative Damage in Metal CarcinogenicityLawrence MarnettCite this: Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1991, 4, 6, 591Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online24 September 2004Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/tx00024a600https://doi.org/10.1021/tx00024a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Case study: An experimental noise reduction study of an extended flow range automotive turbocharger centrifugal compressor (2019)

A new turbocharger compressor was designed to reduce noise at the compressor inlet, while allowing peak engine torque and power to be increased by 28% and 29%, respectively, relative to the previous generation (baseline) production engine with identical displacement. Experimental compressor performance and acoustic results were presented for three incremental changes, in order to isolate the impact of individual design features. The new larger impeller with reworked aerodynamics increased the SPL of mid flow range whoosh noise, relative to the baseline compressor. Adding a ported shroud to the new impeller reduced the maximum whoosh noise level below that of the baseline design, but significantly elevated narrowband noise at the blade-pass frequency. The final new compressor design featured the larger impeller with reworked aerodynamics, a ported shroud recirculating casing treatment, holes between the main and secondary recirculation passage, and a slight cross-sectional area reduction just upstream of the impeller. This final configuration decreased overall SPL by 3â–“6 dB(A) in the low to mid flow region, where it was elevated for the baseline compressor. The maximum flow rate of the new compressor increased significantly, and the flow rate at the deep surge boundary increased slightly. Relative to the baseline design, the efficiency of the new compressor was up to 8 percentage points lower at the low flow boundary and up to 18 percentage points higher at elevated flow rates.
Proliferation and Differentiation of Osteoblasts in Osteopetrotic Rats: Modification in Expression of Genes Encoding Cell Growth and Extracellular Matrix Proteins (1989)

Osteopetrosis is characterized by a congenital defect in osteoclast differentiation and/or activity. The unresorbed matrix produces dense and sclerotic bone with the absence of a marrow cavity. Osteoblasts function in both the production and degradation of bone. However, the potential contribution of an osteoblast abnormality in the etiology of osteopetrosis has not been explored. We examined expression of cell growth-related genes (Core Hl histones and c myc) and genes related to osteoblast differentiation (Type I collagen, osteopontin and osteocalcin, an osteoblast-specific marker) in calvarial bone from the 3 osteopetrotic mutations in the rat (ia/ia, op/op and tl/tl) and normal littermates. mRNA preparations from these bones showed up to a 5-fold increase in all cell growth related genes in tl/tl and op/op rats, compared to normal littermates, suggesting a stimulation of proliferative activity of bone cells. The matrix genes also exhibited 2 to 10+fold increases in these two mutations. In contrast ia/ia rats showed no significant changes in expression of proliferation or matrix genes (except for osteopontin) which is consistent with the greatly reduced skeletal sclerosis in this mutation at the time (4 wk) when tissues were analyzed. Since the tl and op mutations have greater elevations in serum 1,25(OH)2D3 than found in the ia mutation, these results may reflect a stimulatory effect on cell proliferation and osteoblast activity by 1,25(OH)2D3. These data suggest that, in addition to osteoclast abnormalities, certain osteopetroses may also have aberrations of osteoblast function.
The mechanism of polyleucine catalysed asymmetric epoxidation (2004)

Catalysis in the Julia-Colonna epoxidation of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones is due to binding of the hydroperoxide enolate intermediate by the three N-terminal amidic N-H groups of alpha-helical poly-leucine; the N-terminal pair forms an oxy-anion hole, whilst the third aids displacement of hydroxide.
Multiple Loci Associated with Renal Function in African Americans (2012)

The incidence of chronic kidney disease varies by ethnic group in the USA, with African Americans displaying a two-fold higher rate than European Americans. One of the two defining variables underlying staging of chronic kidney disease is the glomerular filtration rate. Meta-analysis in individuals of European ancestry has identified 23 genetic loci associated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We conducted a follow-up study of these 23 genetic loci using a population-based sample of 1,018 unrelated admixed African Americans. We included in our follow-up study two variants in APOL1 associated with end-stage kidney disease discovered by admixture mapping in admixed African Americans. To address confounding due to admixture, we estimated local ancestry at each marker and global ancestry. We performed regression analysis stratified by local ancestry and combined the resulting regression estimates across ancestry strata using an inverse variance-weighted fixed effects model. We found that 11 of the 24 loci were significantly associated with eGFR in our sample. The effect size estimates were not significantly different between the subgroups of individuals with two copies of African ancestry vs. two copies of European ancestry for any of the 11 loci. In contrast, allele frequencies were significantly different at 10 of the 11 loci. Collectively, the 11 loci, including four secondary signals revealed by conditional analyses, explained 14.2% of the phenotypic variance in eGFR, in contrast to the 1.4% explained by the 24 loci in individuals of European ancestry. Our findings provide insight into the genetic basis of variation in renal function among admixed African Americans.
Notational definition and top-down refinement for interactive proof development systems (1988)

This thesis is concerned with issues related to the design and implementation of systems that support interactive proof development. The goal is to provide logic-independent frameworks that can be used in the design and implementation of component parts for such systems. In particular, this thesis will focus on two frameworks: a language-independent account of notational definition and a logic-independent account of a structure-oriented approach to the interactive construction of goal-directed proofs. These particular concerns were inspired and motivated by the Nuprl proof development system. However, the results presented in this thesis are meant to be applicable to a wide class of logics. The formal account of notational definition begins with the presentation of a simply typed $\lambda$-calculus together with a method of representing expressions in a given language $\cal L$ as $\lambda$-expressions. The $\lambda$-calculus has a very simple abbreviative mechanism that allows a new constant, introduced by means of a $\delta$-equation, to represent a closed expression. A new construct, called a $\Delta$-equation, is introduced. It provides a higher-level means of introducing new notations that is close to the conventional style of definition. A $\Delta$-equation is given meaning by a translation into a simple $\delta$-equation. The implementation of mechanisms that support notational definitions in interactive proof development systems as well as applications to Nuprl are discussed. The second part of the thesis presents a logic-independent framework for top-down proof development called abstract refinement. Rather than presenting, as is done for Nuprl, refinement and refinement rules as primitive notions that are extended by grafting on tactics, tactics are instead viewed as the basic notion from which refinement trees arise as tree-structured representations of the iterated composition of tactics. This is accomplished with the definition of a new construct called a tactic tree that extends the LCF tactics framework in a natural way. Several examples of proof development using tactic trees are presented. One example demonstrates that the refinement rules and the extraction mechanism of Nuprl can be modeled in this framework.
An Analysis of Safety Data from Five Phase III Clinical Trials on the Use of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A-ABO for the Treatment of Glabellar Lines (2009)

Treatment of glabellar lines with BoNTA-ABO is well tolerated. Overall, the safety profile of BoNTA-ABO is comparable to that of placebo in terms of type, frequency, severity, and relatedness of AE.
Metabolic changes in scaly lesions of rat skin produced by essential fatty acid deficiency. (1982)

Marked changes in the structure and metabolism of lipids were observed at scaly lesions induced in the skin of rats by the feeding for four months of a diet deficient in essential fatty acids. The concentration of neutral lipids increased in the experimental skin specimens with the exception of free cholesterol. Analysis of fatty acids in the skin lipids of these essential fatty acid deficient rats showed a marked increase in monoenoic and eicosatrienoic acids, with a concomitant decrease in linoleic and arachidonic acids. Incubation of skin specimens from the essential fatty acid deficient rats with [2-3H]glycerol and [1-14C]acetate showed a marked increase in the incorporation of both precursors into all lipid classes. Particularly, their incorporations into phosphatidylcholine were predominant compared to other lipid classes. With regard to the molecular species of phosphatidylcholine, saturated-monoenoic and monoenoic-monoenoic species were highly synthesized in the skin from essential fatty acid deficient animals, and the synthesis of saturated-dienoic and tetraenoic species was very low with either precursor. Significant decreases in these labelings were also noted in saturated-saturated species. Addition of prostaglandin E2 to the incubation medium did not significantly affect the metabolism of any of the lipid classes in the skin from the essential fatty acid deficient rats. The present results, therefore, suggest that phosphatidylcholine containing linoleic acid may be a key lipid in the epidermal barrier function.
Modeling Fluid Flow in Faulted Basins (2014)

This paper presents a basin simulator designed to better take faults into account, either as conduits or as barriers to fluid flow. It computes hydrocarbon generation, fluid flow and heat transfer on the 4D (space and time) geometry obtained by 3D volume restoration. Contrary to classical basin simulators, this calculator does not require a structured mesh based on vertical pillars nor a multi-block structure associated to the fault network. The mesh follows the sediments during the evolution of the basin. It deforms continuously with respect to time to account for sedimentation, erosion, compaction and kinematic displacements. The simulation domain is structured in layers, in order to handle properly the corresponding heterogeneities and to follow the sedimentation processes (thickening of the layers). In each layer, the mesh is unstructured: it may include several types of cells such as tetrahedra, hexahedra, pyramid, prism, etc. However, a mesh composed mainly of hexahedra is preferred as they are well suited to the layered structure of the basin. Faults are handled as internal boundaries across which the mesh is non-matching. Different models are proposed for fault behavior such as impervious fault, flow across fault or conductive fault. The calculator is based on a cell centered Finite Volume discretisation, which ensures conservation of physical quantities (mass of fluid, heat) at a discrete level and which accounts properly for heterogeneities. The numerical scheme handles the non matching meshes and guaranties appropriate connection of cells across faults. Results on a synthetic basin demonstrate the capabilities of this new simulator.
Thick-film Temperature Sensors and LTCC Substrates - Evaluation and Characterization (2007)

The electrical and microstructural characteristics of 1 kohm/sq. thick-film thermistors with high positive (PTC) and negative (NTC) temperature coefficients of resistivity (TCR) fired on "green" LTCC (Low-Temperature Cofired Ceramics) substrates were evaluated. Electrical characteristics, i.e., sheet resistivities, TCRs and noise indices were measured. Microstructures of thick films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and analysed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS). Functional phases in thermistors were determined by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. Obtained results were compared with characteristics of thick film thermistors fired on relatively inert alumina substrates which were used as a reference.