gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TEM Study of Ti-N and Cr-N Precipitate Formation in Iron Alloys (2000)

The formation of precipitates of Ti and Cr nitrides in cold-rolled Fe + Ni(4at%) Ti(2at%) and Fe + Ni(4at%) + Cr(3at%) after a pre-nitriding step was investigated by M?ssbauer spectroscopy (MS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From MS data we conclude that initially most of the Ti and Cr were atomically dispersed. Using TEM and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), we found that the Baker-Nutting (B-N) orientation relationship (OR) holds for platelets one to two interatomic distances thick, producing streaking around the (200) reflections, while for thicker precipitates the Nishiyama-Wasserman (N-W) OR is more favorable. We also observed a transient phase, Cr2N, the formation of which was possible due to the relatively low nitriding temperature, a low nitriding potential, and the presence of Cr inclusions of relatively large initial size.
The <i>fix Escherichia coli</i> region contains four genes related to carnitine metabolism (1995)

Anaerobic carnitine metabolism in Escherichia coli was recently shown to involve six genes organized in the cai operon and located at the first minute on the chromosome. The DNA sequence lying at the 5' end of the cai locus was further investigated. It contains four open reading frames organized as an operon. In vivo overexpression of this DNA region revealed four polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 27, 33, 45 and 6 kDa. These proteins displayed significant amino acid sequence homologies with polypeptides encoded by the fixABCX operons from Azorhizobium caulinodans and Rhizobium meliloti. The four ORFs were thus named fixABCX. The first two gene products were also found to share a high degree of sequence similarity with the subunits beta and alpha, respectively, of mammalian electron transfer flavoproteins, suggesting a role for these proteins in a redox reaction. A singly polycistronic 5 kb mRNA transcript was detected in Northern blots under anaerobic conditions in the presence of DL-carnitine. Expression of a fixA-lacZ transcriptional fusion was induced by L(-)-carnitine and crotonobetaine but not by D(+)-carnitine, gamma-butyrobetaine, glycinebetaine and choline as found previously for the carnitine pathway. Similarly, the fix operon was repressed by glucose and nitrate. Moreover, expression of the fix operon was induced by the global regulatory proteins CRP and FNR and repressed by the histone-like protein H-NS. All these regulatory proteins have been shown also to control expression of carnitine enzymes. Results from Northern blots and lacZ fusion studies indicate a common regulation of expression of fix and cai operons, which implies a physiological linkage between these two loci.
Are Colleges Democratic? (1951)

(1951). Are Colleges Democratic? The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 195-227.
Circumferential Suture of the Mitral Annulus for Correction of Mitral Regurgitation in Dogs (1998)

Mitral regurgitation is the most common cardiovascular disorder in dogs and the most common cause of congestive heart failure. Annular dilation occurs as a consequence of mitral regurgitation. Placement and tightening of a circumferential suture around the mitral annulus reduces the degree of mitral regurgitation.
Absolute beginner's guide to ipod and itunes, second edition (2005)

Apple has taken the digital music world by storm and the Absolute Beginner's Guide to iPod + iTunes, Second Edition is your umbrella. It will provide you with all of the information that you need to get the most out of these amazing digital music tools. From the basics of listening to audio CDs using iTunes to purchasing music from the iTunes Music Store to customizing playlists on your iPod, you will be equipped to master digital music using these tools. You'll discover how each tool works on its own and then how you can use all three together to get the most out of each tool. The second edition also includes coverage of the new iPod photo and iPod shuffle music players. Join the millions of people who are using iPod and iTunes every day with the Absolute Beginner's Guide to iPod + iTunes, Second Edition.
Spot 14 Gene Deletion Increases Hepatic de Novo Lipogenesis (2001)

Previous studies have investigated the relationship between the Spot 14 gene and hepatic lipogenesis. Those studies found that the Spot 14 protein was induced when lipogenesis was induced and suggested that induction of the Spot 14 protein was required for induction of hepatic lipogenesis by thyroid hormone and dietary carbohydrate. Analysis of those findings led us to hypothesize that the Spot 14 gene is required for induced hepatic de novo lipogenesis in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we created an in vivo deletion of the Spot 14 gene in mice using gene-targeting technology. Southern blot analysis showed that the Spot 14 gene was disrupted. Northern blot analysis showed that this disruption ablated expression of intact hepatic Spot 14 mRNA. In contrast to our hypothesis, acute thyroid hormone administration led to comparable induction of hepatic lipogenic enzyme mRNAs between the wild-type and knockout mice. Furthermore, long-term treatment with both thyroid hormone and a diet promoting lipogenesis led to enhanced lipogenic enzyme activity and a greater rate of hepatic de novo lipogenesis in the knockout, compared with the wild-type, mice. Although these data indicate that the Spot 14 protein is not required for induced hepatic de novo lipogenesis, they also suggest that Spot 14 plays some role in this process. It is possible that alternative pathways that complement the loss of the Spot 14 protein are present, and in the absence of Spot 14, these alternative pathways overcompensate to produce an enhanced rate of induced lipogenesis.
The Enteric Nervous System III: A Target for Pharmacological Treatment (2003)

Abstract: The past decade has seen major advances in the pharmacological understanding of the nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract, the enteric nervous system, and its importance for gut functions in several states of disease. Indeed, the enteric nervous system has become a promising target in the treatment of many gastrointestinal symptoms and disorders. Some of these new therapeutic concepts, such as botulinum toxin for achalasia and serotonergic drugs for functional bowel diseases, are already in clinical use. This paper is part 3 of three Minireviews in Pharmacology & Toxicology , and presents the neurogastrointestinal pharmacological therapeutic options in gastrointestinal pain, functional gastrointestinal disorders, inflammatory bowel diseases, cancer and related conditions with focus on future drug targets. The diagnosis of gastrointestinal neuropathy, the role of serotonin and related neuroendocrine transmitters, serotonergic drugs, and neurotrophic factors in neurogastrointestinal pharmacology will be addressed in this context.
The effect of environmental factors on estimated viable and total populations of planktonic bacteria in lakes and experimental enclosures (1977)

SUMMARY. The difference between the results of viable and total counting procedures for bacteria are exemplified by vertical profiles from a deep and a shallow lake and from seasonal changes in the epilimnion and hypolimnion of a shallow eutrophic lake. The viable count was, on average, 0.25% of the total count, the greatest difference being noted in the anoxic hypolimnion, probably due to the inadequacy of the viable counting procedure for the isolation of bacteria from such samples. There was a general trend for the more nutrient‐rich waters to support larger bacterial populations but such observations did not provide any further information on the factors responsible for the population changes observed. Seasonal fluctuations in the counts are studied and the qualitative and quantitative changes resulting from artificial enclosure of water are discussed. Not all the temporal changes could be explained and short‐term changes resulting from nutrient additions to the experimental enclosures were not always reproducible. Horizontal variability was examined, found to be significant and could play an important role where water movement and turbulence is considerable. Results from six sites sampled between 1969 and 1974, representing total and viable bacterial population estimates and a total of eighteen independent or regressor variables were then subjected to principal components analysis. Results taken from the whole water column showed the overwhelming effect of the process of stratification on the bacterial population accounting for 30%‐60% of its variability. Secondary components representing algal productivity could account for 10% to 20% of the variability. Many of the chosen regressor variables were acting as measures of the same phenomenon without providing significant information on what affected the bacterial population. To overcome this problem results from the hypolimnion and epilimnion were analysed separately. The analysis demonstrated the importance of seasonal changes in nutrient concentrations in the epilimnion and the development of anoxic conditions in the hypolimnion. Algal biomass, phosphate concentration and the interaction of pH and ammonia appeared to be important. It was concluded that most of the variability in the bacterial population estimates could have been explained by five of the regressor variables and that the factors most likely to provide more information would include some measure of predation and lake retention time.
[Balneotherapy at the early posthospital stage in the rehabilitative treatment of patients who have had an acute myocardial infarct]. (1990)

Sulfurated hydrogen baths under ECG and hemodynamic control were added to standard treatment of 99 patients who had suffered acute myocardial infarction 25-40 days before. Comparison with 62 matched controls showed a beneficial action of the baths on the clinical course of the disease, hemodynamics, coronary circulation, exercise tolerance. There was also a resultant reduction in the drugs doses.
Permanent magnet synchronous motor field oriented control and HIL Simulation (2008)

In this paper, the field oriented control (FOC) for the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and hardware-in-loop Simulation (HIL) test bench based on dSPACE is developed. Based on a novel PMSM mathematic model with iron losses taken into consideration, an improved calculation expression of isd and isq is proposed and a FOC controller is designed. To validate the presented control, a test bench is specifically constructed, which mainly consists of a host industrial PC, the modular DS1005, a 3.7 KVA voltage source inverter (VSI), two 8-poles 1KW PMSM with a same shaft. The real time control module is programmed in Matlab/Simulink. The vector controlled speed regulator and the currents decoupling control are designed and discussed in detail. Some experimental results show that FOC control design is reasonable. This HIL simulation provides a good solution to facilitate the evaluation of control strategies in electric drives design and analysis..
Colourless adaptively modulated optical OFDM transmitters using SOAs as intensity modulators (2009)

The wavelength dependent transmission performance of adaptively modulated optical OFDM (AMOOFDM) signals is investigated, for the first time, over optical amplification- and chromatic dispersion compensation-free IMDD SMF systems using semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) as intensity modulators. A theoretical SOA model describing both optical gain saturation and gain spectral dynamics is developed, based on which optimum SOA operating conditions are identified for various wavelengths varying in a broad range of 1510 nm- 1590 nm. Results show that, SOA intensity modulators operating at the identified optimum conditions enable the realization of colourless AMOOFDM transmitters within the aforementioned wavelength window. Such transmitters are capable of supporting >30 Gb/s signal transmission over 60 km SMFs.
Fetal Laceration Injury at Cesarean Delivery (1997)

Fetal laceration injury at cesarean delivery is not rare, especially when it is performed for nonvertex presentation. The minority of obstetric records show documentation of such lacerations, suggesting that this complication often may not be recognized by obstetricians.
Deposition of nickel, chromium, and cobalt on the skin in some occupations – assessment by acid wipe sampling (2008)

The acid wipe sampling technique is suitable for studies of skin exposure to nickel, chromium, and cobalt in the workplace. The sampling efficiency of acid wipe sampling is high. The amounts of nickel deposited on skin in carpenters, locksmiths, and cashiers are judged capable of eliciting allergic contact dermatitis.
Automatic viewing range tracing method for communication equipment (1991)

A low-cost image processing feature for the video telephone and television doorphone intercom has been developed. By solving the practical problems involved and modifying the AVRT (automatic viewing range tracing method) algorithm, the error ratio of the AVRT was reduced several percentage points, which clears the way for its practical use. The AVRT feature can also be used as a security sensor in home automation systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anticoagulant and Antithrombotic Action of Novel Specific Inhibitors of Thrombin (1980)

A series of new specific inhibitors of thrombin, cyclic amides of N alpha-arylsulfonyl-amidinophenylalanine, was studied for anticoagulant action in vitro and in vivo. The inhibitors showed strong anticoagulant effects in vitro. The time course of the anticoagulant effect of the inhibitors in rabbits and rats was monitored using plasma thrombin time determinations. In rats, the inhibitors prevented the formation of experimental venous thrombi and of thrombin-induced microthrombosis. The new derivatives of benzamidine presented may be useful as immediately acting anticoagulants.
The co-evolution of an accessible but secure virtual space for collaborative activities (2006)

This paper describes, analyses and interprets a research and development process taking place over several years concerning the evolution of a socio-technical system. By âsociotechnical systemâ we mean a dynamic system that is socio-culturally situated and involves both human activity and technical elements. The system design, that is the focus of this research, brings together the human and technical dynamics of the intricate and highly engaging processes of effective collaboration. In particular, an investigation of the various integrated elements of the socio-technical system has provide us with the insight and confidence to build a virtual environment that actually supports innovative collaborative activities
The effect of flammer-syndrome on retinal venous pressure (2014)

RVP is higher in subjects with a FS, particularly in glaucoma patients. The causal relationship needs to be further evaluated.
Glucose Prediction in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients Using Data Driven Techniques (2011)

Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood glucose concentrations resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both [American Diabetes Association, 2008 a ]. Diabetes has been classified into two major categories, namely, type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes, which accounts for only 5-10% of those with diabetes, is caused by the cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of the insulin producing -cells in the pancreas leading to absolute insulin deficiency. On the other hand, type 2 diabetes is a more prevalent category (i.e. accounts for ~90-95% of those with diabetes) and is a combination of resistance to insulin action and an inadequate compensatory insulin secretion. The chronic hypergycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term microvascular (diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy) and macrovascular (coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, and stroke) complications. Diabetes treatment requires the control of clinical and non-clinical variables affecting the blood glucose metabolism [American Diabetes Association, 2008 b ]. It is widely recognized that the tight glycemic control can prevent or reduce the progress of many long-term complications of diabetes. However, a major limiting factor in the glycemic management of type 1 and insulin treated type 2 diabetes is hypoglycemia, which is the condition where the blood glucose is much lower than normal levels. Thus, for most patients with type 1 diabetes, either using multiple insulin injections or insulin pump therapy, self-monitoring of blood glucose should be carried out three or more times a day, whereas, for patients using less frequent insulin injections or non-insulin therapies, the self-monitoring of blood glucose could be useful in achieving their glycemic targets. Recently, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems have been developed which provide many significant benefits in diabetes management, especially for those patients with hypoglycaemia unawareness. Moreover, diabetes control further necessitates the monitoring and analysis of patient's contextual information, such as medication, diet, physical activity and his overall lifestyle. For instance, in type 1 diabetic patients, exercise can cause hypoglycemia in the case where the medication dose or the carbohydrate consumption is not altered. In addition to the general guidelines that the patient follows during his daily life, several diabetes management systems have been proposed to further assist the patient in the selfmanagement of the disease. One of the most essential components of a diabetes www.intechopen.com
Reactions of Lewis bases with tetrahydroborate derivatives of the Group IVa elements. Preparation of new zirconium hydride species (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Lewis bases with tetrahydroborate derivatives of the Group IVa elements. Preparation of new zirconium hydride speciesBruce D. James, R. K. Nanda, and Malcolm G. H. WalbridgeCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1967, 6, 11, 1979–1983Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50057a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50057a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views271Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Overlapped Subarrays: Review and Update [Education Column] (2013)

Overlapped subarrays are a special class of arrays that enable engineers to produce radiation patterns with low sidelobe and grating-lobe levels over a wide bandwidth. Their complex feeding structure has prevented their use until recently. This paper presents a tutorial on overlapped subarrays, and reviews recent work on this technology.
Enhancing the Photocurrent in Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Polymer Solar Cells via Energy Level Control (2012)

A series of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based small band gap polymers has been designed and synthesized by Suzuki or Stille polymerization for use in polymer solar cells. The new polymers contain extended aromatic π-conjugated segments alternating with the DPP units and are designed to increase the free energy for charge generation to overcome current limitations in photocurrent generation of DPP-based polymers. In optimized solar cells with [6,6]phenyl-C(71)-butyric acid methyl ester ([70]PCBM) as acceptor, the new DPP-polymers provide significantly enhanced external and internal quantum efficiencies for conversion of photons into collected electrons. This provides short-circuit current densities in excess of 16 mA cm(-2), higher than obtained so far, with power conversion efficiencies of 5.8% in simulated solar light. We analyze external and internal photon to collected electron quantum efficiencies for the new polymers as a function of the photon energy loss, defined as the offset between optical band gap and open circuit voltage, and compare the results to those of some of the best DPP-based polymers solar cells reported in the literature. We find that for the best solar cells there is an empirical relation between quantum efficiency and photon energy loss that presently limits the power conversion efficiency in these devices.
Apparent redundancy in myb gene function provides gearing for the control of flavonoid biosynthesis in antirrhinum flowers. (1996)

Two Myb-related transcription factors, Myb305 and Myb340, are expressed specifically in flowers of Antirrhinum. The proteins are structurally very similar throughout their DNA binding domains, implying that they bind to common target motifs. This binding has been demonstrated experimentally. Myb305 has been shown to activate the gene encoding the first enzyme of phenylpropanoid metabolism, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. We show that Myb340 can also activate transcription from the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene promoter and that both transcription factors can activate two other genes involved in flavonoid metabolism, thereby linking early and later steps in plant secondary metabolism. Myb340 is a stronger activator than Myb305, but relatively more Myb305 than Myb340 protein is able to bind to target promoters when both proteins are synthesized in yeast or Escherichia coli, probably as a result of inhibition of Myb340 binding by phosphorylation. This means that Myb305 can compete with Myb340 to reduce its effective transcriptional activation when both transcription factors are expressed in the same cell. This competitive interaction has been demonstrated in plant cells. Expression patterns determined by in situ hybridization showed that the two transcription factors are expressed within the same cells of the flower and imply that the detailed specializations in function of these two apparently redundant transcription factors may be used to provide gears that adjust the rate of induction of secondary metabolism to floral development.