gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction Between an Oscillating Bubble and a Free Surface (1977)

Abstract Interaction between a collapsing bubble and a free surface is investigated theoretically and experimentally using high speed photography. A limit value for the distance from the free surface to the center of the bubble reported to its radius is found. Under this limit the free surface is not disturbed before the end of the collapse in the first approximation. Only in this case, the method of images can be used and the free surface be replaced by an image-source, symmetrical with respect to the free surface, to the sink representing the bubble. Above this limit, precise measurements of bubble deformation and motion are given. Just after the collapse of the bubble begins, observations show a singular perturbation on the free surface, with the formation of a thin spike directed towards the air. In all cases, buoyancy has no time to take effect, and the bubble is repelled from the free surface while the re-entering jet, formed during collapse, is oriented away from it.
Correlation of a Common Mutation in the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene With Plasma Homocysteine in Patients With Premature Coronary Artery Disease (1997)

Mild hyperhomocysteinemia, a risk factor for occlusive arterial disease, can be caused by disruptions of homocysteine metabolism. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyzes the synthesis of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the methyl donor for homocysteine remethylation to methionine. A common mutation in MTHFR, an alanine-to-valine substitution, may contribute to mild hyperhomocysteinemia in coronary artery disease (CAD). To test this hypothesis, we studied 152 patients with CAD by mutation analysis, MTHFR enzymatic assays, and measurements of plasma homocysteine and several vitamins. The MTHFR mutation was associated with reduced enzymatic activity and increased enzyme thermo-lability in these patients. The difference in the prevalence of the homozygous mutant genotype between the CAD patients (14%) and an unmatched group of healthy subjects (10%) was not significant. However, individuals with the homozygous mutant genotype had higher plasma homocysteine, particularly when plasma folate was below the median value. This genetic-environmental interaction is proposed to be a risk factor for CAD.
ChemInform Abstract: HOW DO TRIALKYLAMINES CATALYZE REACTIONS OF DICHLOROCARBENE IN A TWO-PHASE SYSTEM, (1975)

Aus Chloroform (I) entsteht über (II) das Dichlorcarben (III), das in Gegenwart von wäßrigem Alkali an Styrol (IV) zum Cyclopropan (V) addiert, während mit dem elektrophilen Olefin Vinylacetat (VI) lediglich das Substitutionsprodukt (VII) entsteht.
Extracellular high K<sup>+</sup> stimulates vesicular glutamate release from astrocytes by activating voltage‐dependent calcium channels (2010)

Extracellular high K(+) (75 mM) increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations in cultured rat hippocampal astrocytes, and the Ca(2+) rise was abolished by deleting extracellular Ca(2+) or cadmium, a non-selective inhibitor of voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs). In the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, cultured astrocytes expressed mRNAs for L type-VDCC subunits such as alpha1B, alpha1C, alpha1D, and alpha1E. Extracellular high K(+) (75 mM) stimulated glutamate release from astrocytes. The glutamate release was not prevented by the glutamate transporter inhibitor, L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (PDC), or deleting extracellular Na(+), but otherwise it was clearly inhibited by deleting extracellular Ca(2+), cadmium, vesicular transport inhibitors such as brefeldin A, bafilomycin A1, and latrunculin B, or botulinum toxin-A, an exocytosis inhibitor. Extracellular high K(+) (75 mM) bleached fluorescent signals of FM1-43, taken up into the vesicular membrane in astrocytes, that was also inhibited by deleting extracellular Ca(2+), cadmium, brefeldin A, bafilomycin A1, latrunculin B, or botulinum toxin-A, but not by PDC. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that extracellular high K(+)-evoked depolarization activates VDCCs expressed in astrocytes, causing an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations through VDCCs, which triggers vesicular glutamate release from astrocytes, independently of reverse transport through glutamate transporters.
A prospective randomized controlled trial of hemostasis with a bipolar sealer during hepatic transection for liver tumors (2013)

Background: Excessive intraoperative blood loss and the possible requirement for blood transfusion are major problems in hepatic resection for liver tumors. Reduction of blood loss is a goal in liver surgery, and several technical developments have been introduced for this purpose. The aim of this prospective randomized study was to compare the use of the Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator (CUSA) with a radiofrequency-based bipolar hemostatic sealer versus CUSA with standard bipolar cautery (BC) in patients undergoing hepatic resection. Methods: One hundred nine patients with liver tumors were randomized to undergo hepatic transection using CUSA with a bipolar sealer (Aquamantys 2.3 Bipolar Sealer) (n = 55) or BC (n = 54). Blood loss during parenchymal transection and speed of transection were the primary endpoints, whereas the degree of postoperative liver injury and morbidity were secondary endpoints. Results: Compared with the BC group, the bipolar sealer showed signifcantly lower blood loss during transection and blood loss divided by resection area (P = 0.0079 and 0.0008, respectively); signifcantly shorter transection time (P = 0.0025); signifcantly faster speed of transection (P < 0.0001); signifcantly fewer ties and ties divided by resection area required during transection (P < 0.0001); and, although not signifcant, less postoperative morbidity and a shorter hospital stay. Conclusion: CUSA with a bipolar sealer is superior to CUSA with standard BC for various hepatectomy in terms of less blood loss and faster speed of transection, with no increase in morbidity.
Lessons Learned from Testing a Children's Educational Game through Web Deployment (2014)

Beanstalk is an educational game that teaches balance-fulcrum principles, targeting children ages 5-11. Four versions of the game were deployed on the web through the educational portal Learning.com. Two of the versions incorporate non-player characters that offer opportunities for socio-emotional learning (SEL). Two of the versions include a scientific process of "predict-observe-hypothesize-explain" (POHE), which in effect is in-game testing. This paper reports on a first look into the game logs collected from child players via the portal, allowing for a 2x2 SEL crossed with POHE analysis. Lessons learned from testing variants of an educational game are shared, as well as conclusions drawn from the logs. Surprisingly, the version with both SEL and POHE caused children to stop playing the game sooner. The POHE performance was weakest for the players in the SEL treatment. Rather than help with the science educational goals, SEL may have diminished the experience.
Abstract 4444: Deep learning of the immune synapse (2019)

Abstract Artificial intelligence is poised to revolutionize every aspect of human life, finding applications in everything from self-driving cars to diagnosing cancer. In fact, almost any task that involves pattern recognition can be formulated in a way that modern AI algorithms can be used to achieve super-human performance. The immune synapse is a highly complex interaction between several proteins and peptides that allows for a constant surveillance of foreign invaders. However, modeling these interactions is extremely difficult as the combinations of interactions is simply intractable. In immuno-oncology, the study of this interaction is crucial as anti-tumor responses rely on sensitive and specific recognition of tumor-specific antigens. Implications of accurately predicting and modeling these interactions in immune-oncology range from improved and potent vaccine design to biomarkers for predicting response to immunotherapy. Our group has developed a variety of deep learning models to model the signal transmission within the immune synapse. At the core of all architectures designed, convolutional layers, similar to ones used to learn features in images, are used to learn motifs within the sequencing data for a predictive or descriptive purpose.We first present AI-MHC, an applied deep convolutional neural network for class-specific MHC binding algorithm that achieves state-of-the-art performance in both Class and Class II predictions. By incorporating ‘meaning’ of the allele within the network, we are able to model the interaction of allele and peptide within the context of a neural network. We take these concepts further in the development of DeepMANA, a deep learning framework which combines sequence-specific information about an allele/peptide pairing to not only predict binding affinity for any allele with a known protein sequence but also provide an antigen ‘quality’ score, based on the “non-self/foreign-ness” of a neoantigen. We observe in three previously published immunotherapy clinical trials, these quality neoantigens are enriched in long-term survivors or responders. Finally, we present DeepTCR, a collection of unsupervised and supervised deep learning algorithms capable of revealing structure in T-cell receptor repertoire. We demonstrate that DeepTCR achieves state-of-the-art performance in clustering antigen-specific TCR’s and is capable of learning a predictive signature in TIL repertoire of mice treated with various immunotherapies.These types of AI technologies could yield an entire new area of biomarker discovery as well as improve our understanding of the complex interaction occurring at the immune synapse that is ultimately required for a successful anti-tumor response. Citation Format: John-William Sidhom, Drew M. Pardoll, Alexander S. Baras. Deep learning of the immune synapse [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4444.
A low-power, 9-Bit, 1.2 ps resolution two-step time-to-digital converter in 65 nm CMOS (2015)

This paper presents the design of a low-power, 9-bit, two-step time-to-digital converter (TDC) in 65 nm CMOS. Instead of using an array of time amplifiers (TAs) to amplify the time residue, the proposed TDC reduces the power and area consumptions by using only one TA. The designed TDC achieves a resolution of 1.2 ps with a conversion range of 0.614 ns while consuming 0.602 mW at 10 MHz and 8.299 mW at 150 MHz. The achieved figure-of-merit (FoM) of the TDC is 0.108 pJ/conversion at a frequency of 150 MHz.
DESTRUCTION OF EPIDERMAL CELLS IN VITRO BY AUTOLOGOUS SERUM FROM NORMAL ANIMALS (1962)

Sera and plasma from normal rats and rabbits were shown to be extremely toxic in vitro to autologous epidermal cells. On the other hand, mouse sera and newborn rat sera were innocuous to autologous epidermal cells. Viability of cells was assessed by the method of eosin dye exclusion upon 2 hour incubation at 37 degrees C. Testicular cells were also killed by autologous sera, but polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes, and lymph node cells were not affected. Autotoxicity of sera could be destroyed by the depletion of complement components with an antigen-antibody precipitate, heat, zymosan, and NH(3). Moreover, activity of sera could be absorbed out by epidermal cells, though not by lymph node cells or erythrocytes. Such absorption of toxicity was not individual-specific since homologous epidermal cells also absorbed toxicity, and in addition, were killed by fresh normal serum. Enzyme inhibitors such as soybean trypsin inhibitor and epsilon-amino-n-caproic acid did not affect the activity of fresh autologous serum. It is suggested that a natural barrier exists between the basal cells of the epidermis and the plasma which prevents the autodestructive process under normal conditions. Any injury to this barrier may than lead to necrosis and death of the epidermis as seen in various pathological conditions.
Inverse eigenvalue statistics for Rayleigh and Rician MIMO channels (2001)

Recently reclaimed importance of the empirical distribution function of the eigenvalues of Wishart matrices was attached to the analysis of MIMO systems in Hochwald et al. (2001). But for the analysis of MIMO systems with signal processing at the transmitter (Jungnickel et al. (2001)) it is necessary to know the empirical distribution function of the inverse eigenvalues and the first and second moment of these distributions. We extend the results on the eigenvalue distribution and develop a method for computing the moments of the inverse eigenvalues. We show the impact of these results on MIMO system design with examples and verify our results with numerical simulations. (6 pages)
Carrier-mediated sulfate transport in human ureteral epithelial cells cultured in serum-free medium (1991)

Sulfate transport studies were carried out in secondary cultures of epithelial cells isolated from the human ureter. Results demonstrate the presence of carrier-mediated SO4(2-) transport as supported by three lines of evidence: 1) saturation kinetics, 2) substrate specificity, and 3) inhibition by the anion transport inhibitor 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS). The DIDS-insensitive component of SO4(2-) transport was markedly lower than the DIDS-sensitive component and was not affected by changes in extracellular pH (pHo) or Cl- concentration. The mechanism of this DIDS-insensitive component is not clear. The DIDS-sensitive component of SO4(2-) uptake was a saturable function of the extracellular sulfate concentration ([SO4(2-)]o). Increasing the extracellular chloride concentration ([Cl-]o) inhibited DIDS-sensitive SO4(2-) uptake competitively. Taken together with the fact that increasing [Cl-]o stimulated SO4(2-) efflux, these results suggest that SO4(2-) uptake in uroepithelial cells occurs via SO4(2-)-Cl- anion exchange. Cis-inhibition studies with a variety of anions indicate that this anion-exchange system may be shared by S2O3(2-) and MoO4(2-) but not by NO3- and H2PO4-. SO4(2-) uptake was stimulated at decreasing pHo with a pK approximately 7.4. Decreasing pHo from 7 to 6 lowered the apparent Michaelis constant significantly but had no significant effect on kcat, suggesting that protons may increase the affinity of the SO4(2-) transporter for SO4(2-). SO4(2-) efflux was inhibited at low pHo and was stimulated by increasing [Cl-]o. This study is the first to demonstrate an ion transport process in epithelial cell cultures isolated from the human ureter. In contrast to epithelial cells from the upper urinary tract, no Na(+)-dependent SO4(2-) transport could be demonstrated in these lower urinary tract epithelial cells. In conclusion, the major mechanism for SO4(2-) transport in ureteral epithelial cells is a carrier-mediated, DIDS-sensitive, pHo-sensitive SO4(2-)/Cl- anion-exchange mechanism. These studies suggest that varying [SO4(2-)]o and [Cl-]o or pHo in the ureteral lumen will affect SO4(2-) influx and efflux and may influence the size of the intracellular pool of SO4(2-) available for macromolecular sulfation in these cells.
A Bayesian Method for Multispectral Image Data Classification (2002)

The problem of classifying multispectral image data is studied here. We propose a new Bayesian method for this. The method uses " a priori " spatial information modeled by means of a suitable Markov random field. The image data for each class are assumed to be i.i.d. following a multivariate Gaussian model with unknown mean and unknown diagonal covariance matrix. When the prior information is not used and the variances of the Gaussian model are equal, the method reduces to the standard K -means algorithm. All the parameters appearing in the posterior model are estimated simultaneously. The prior normalizing constant is approximated on the basis of the expectation of the energy function as obtained by means of Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations. Some experimental results suggest calculating this expectation from a "standard" function by simple multiplication by the minimum value of the energy. A local solution to the problem of maximizing the posterior distribution is obtained by using the Iterated Conditional Modes algorithm. The implementation of this method is easy and the required computations are carried out quickly. The method was applied with success to classify simulated image data and real dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging data.
High-Temperature Tension-Compression Fatigue Behavior of a Unidirectional Tungsten Copper Composite (1993)

The high-temperature fatigue behavior of a [0]12 tungsten fiber-reinforced copper matrix composite was investigated. Specimens having fiber volume percentages of 10 and 36 were fatigued under fully reversed, strain-controlled conditions at both 260 and 560°C. The fatigue life was found to be independent of fiber volume fraction because fatigue damage preferentially occurred in the matrix. Also, the composite fatigue lives were shorter at 560°C as compared to 260°C, due to changes in mode of matrix failure. On a total strain basis, the fatigue life of the composite at 560°C was the same as the life of unreinforced copper, indicating that the presence of the fibers did not degrade the fatigue resistance of the copper matrix in this composite system. Comparison of strain-controlled fatigue data to previously generated load-controlled data revealed that the strain-controlled fatigue lives were longer because of mean strain and mean stress effects.
Quantum reflection: Focusing of hydrogen atoms with a concave mirror (1989)

We use a concave spherical mirror to focus at 18-mm-diam beam of H atoms down to 0.5 mm. The mirror consists of a fused-quartz substrate polished to optical precision and coated with a liquid${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{4}$He film to obtain high reflectivity. The temperature dependence of the focused beam intensity enables us to study the influence of the dynamic surface roughness on the reflection of the H atoms. Both zero-point fluctuations and thermal excitations turn out to be of importance. A monolayer of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ does not significantly affect the results.
The effect of cyclosporin A on the level of big endothelin in patients one year after orthotopic heart transplantation (2004)

Abstract Orthotopic heart transplantation (OHTx) is currently an established method for the treatment of end-stage heart failure. Persistent elevated plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels have been reported after successful OHTx, the etiology of which is not yet fully understood. Immunosuppressive therapy is assumed to be one of the possible factors affecting ET-1 levels in the body. The present study evaluated the effect of cyclosporin A (CyA) on big ET-1 levels (a precursor of ET-1) in patients 1 year after successful OHTx. The study population comprised 34 patients after OHTx (28 males, 6 females, mean age 49.56±11.83 years) divided into two groups according to immunosuppressive protocol (17 patients on cyclosporine–azathioprine–prednisone and 17 patients on cyclosporine-mycophenolate mofetilprednisone therapy). Plasma levels of big ET-1 and CyA were available for all patients. The control groups consisted of 10 healthy individuals (8 males, 2 females, mean age 41.1±11.55 years) and 20 patients with severe heart failure (15 males. 5 females, mean age 54.45±8.49 years), respectively. Big ET-1 plasma levels were found to be elevated in OHTx patients in comparison with healthy controls (13.63±11.3 fmol ml vs 2.99±1.98 fmol/ml. P=0.005). Big ET-1 plasma levels correlated with plasma CyA levels in patients treated with cyclosporineazathioprine–prednisone (r= 0.53. P=0.03). This was not the case in either in the OHTx patients as a whole or in the subgroup of patients on cyclosporine–mycophenolate mofetil–prednisone therapy. The plasma levels of big ET-1 are dependent on CyA plasma levels 1 year after successful OHTx in patients treated with the immunosuppressive combination of cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisone. As this finding was not observed in the mycophenolate group of patients, mycophenolate mofetil might affect the alteration of the endothelin metabolism.
Real-life use of left ventricular circulatory support with Impella in cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction: 12 years AMC experience (2018)

Our registry shows that Impella treatment in cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction is feasible, although mortality rates remain high and complications occur.
2A1-L03 Development of remote control robot system for ultrasonic diagnostic (2009)

We are developing a remote control robot system for ultrasonic diagnostic. The system consists of Master-Slave system in order to use a probe which is used at the Slave Robot. This paper described about development of the Master-Slave Robot and system for Ultrasonic diagnostic.
Use of the Vacuum-Assisted Closure System in the Treatment of Enterocutaneous Fistulas: A Follow-Up (2007)

Sir: The term fistula defines an abnormal communication between two epithelialized surfaces. Intestinal fistulas that communicate with the skin are enterocutaneous fistulas.1 Enterocutaneous fistulas remain a challenging clinical problem associated with complicated postoperative courses and long-term disability, particularly in patients with solid or visceral malignancies, gastrointestinal conditions, or a history of multiple abdominal operations. A previous publication from our institution in 2001 introduced the vacuum-assisted closure system for treating enterocutaneous fistulas as a nonstandard use.2 Since this report, we have applied the system in a series of 15 patients with enterocutaneous fistulas by clinical examination and/or radiographic confirmation. All cases resulted from either postoperative erosion of exposed bowel, bowel erosion through the subcutaneous tissue, or anastomotic leak. The enterocutaneous fistulas closed if no mucosa was visible in the wound (n = 11); no closure occurred if mucosa was apparent (n = 4). The fistula output did not seem to affect closure rates, and among the fistulas that closed, the mean time to closure was 13 days. Indicators for successful conservative management of enterocutaneous fistulas using the vacuum-assisted closure system seem to be large bowel fistulas and no visible mucosa in the wound. Detlev Erdmann, M.D., Ph.D. Michael S. Wong, M.D. Salvatore C. Lettieri, M.D. L. Scott Levin, M.D. Laura A. Gunn, M.D. Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery Department of Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham, N.C.