gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Classification System for Periodontal Diseases and Conditions (1999)

Classification systems are necessary in order to provide a framework in which to scientifically study the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of diseases in an orderly fashion. In addition, such systems give clinicians a way to organize the health care needs of their patients. The last time scientists and clinicians in the field of periodontology and related areas agreed upon a classification system for periodontal diseases was in 1989 at the World Workshop in Clinical Periodontics. Subsequently, a simpler classification was agreed upon at the 1st European Workshop in Periodontology. These classification systems have been widely used by clinicians and research scientists throughout the world. Unfortunately, the 1989 classification had many shortcomings including: 1) considerable overlap in disease categories, 2) absence of a gingival disease component, 3) inappropriate emphasis on age of onset of disease and rates of progression, and 4) inadequate or unclear classification criteria. The 1993 European classification lacked the detail necessary for adequate characterization of the broad spectrum of periodontal diseases encountered in clinical practice. The need for a revised classification system for periodontal diseases was emphasized during the 1996 World Workshop in Periodontics. In 1997 the American Academy of Periodontology responded to this need and formed a committee to plan and organize an international workshop to revise the classification system for periodontal diseases. The proceedings in this volume are the result of this reclassification effort. The process involved development by the Organizing Committee of an outline for a new classification and identification of individuals to write state-of-the-science reviews for each of the items on the outline. The reviewers were encouraged to depart from the preliminary outline if there were data to support any modifications. On October 30-November 2, 1999, the International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions was held and a new classification was agreed upon (Fig. 1). This paper summarizes how the new classification for periodontal diseases and conditions presented in this volume differs from the classification system developed at the 1989 World Workshop in Clinical Periodontics. In addition, an analysis of the rationale is provided for each of the modifications and changes.
Quistes odontogénicos: análisis de 856 casos (2002)

espanolLos quistes odontogenicos (QO) representan una de las principales causas de destruccion de los maxilares. La informacion relativa a estas entidades en la poblacion mexicana es escasa, por lo que el proposito de la presente investigacion es el presentar la frecuencia de los distintos tipos de QO registrados en dos servicios de diagnostico histopatologico bucal en la ciudad de Mexico, asi como comparar los hallazgos con lo reportado en otros estudios y analizar su posible asociacion con el sexo de los afectados y el tipo de servicio de diagnostico de procedencia. Se registraron 856 QO, de los cuales 449 (52,5%) se presentaron en hombres, 403 (47%) en mujeres y en 4 casos (0,5%) no se conocio el sexo. Se identificaron 8 variedades de QO de un total de 10 entidades reconocidas por la OMS. Los QO mas frecuentes fueron: quiste radicular (342 casos), quiste dentigero (283 casos) y queratoquiste odontogenico (184 casos). En conjunto, estas tres entidades representaron el 94,5% del total. Tanto el sexo como el tipo de servicio de procedencia tuvieron una asociacion significativa con quistes dentigeros y radiculares (p EnglishOdontogenic cysts (OC) are one of the main causes of jaw destruction. Information about these lesions in the Mexican population is scant. And for this reason the purpose of this work is to describe the frequency of the different varieties of OC recorded in two oral pathology services in Mexico City. As well as to compare the findings with those previously reported in other studies and to analyze the association of these lesions with the gender of the affected patients and the type of oral pathology service. There were a total of 856 OC; of these, 449 (52.5%) occurred in men, 403 in women (47%), and in 4 cases (0.5%) gender was not stated. There were 8 out of the 10 different types of OC recognized by the WHO. The most frequently diagnosed OC were radicular cyst (342 cases), dentigerous cyst (283 cases) and odontogenic keratocyst (184 cases). Together, these three entities represented 94.5% of all OC. Both the gender and the type of oral pathology service showed a significant association with radicular and dentigerous cysts (p
Raw biomass electroreforming coupled to green hydrogen generation (2021)

Despite the tremendous progress of coupling organic electrooxidation with hydrogen generation in a hybrid electrolysis, electroreforming of raw biomass coupled to green hydrogen generation has not been reported yet due to the rigid polymeric structures of raw biomass. Herein, we electrooxidize the most abundant natural amino biopolymer chitin to acetate with over 90% yield in hybrid electrolysis. The overall energy consumption of electrolysis can be reduced by 15% due to the thermodynamically and kinetically more favorable chitin oxidation over water oxidation. In obvious contrast to small organics as the anodic reactant, the abundance of chitin endows the new oxidation reaction excellent scalability. A solar-driven electroreforming of chitin and chitin-containing shrimp shell waste is coupled to safe green hydrogen production thanks to the liquid anodic product and suppression of oxygen evolution. Our work thus demonstrates a scalable and safe process for resource upcycling and green hydrogen production for a sustainable energy future.
Minimizing RF Performance Spikes in a Cryogenic Orthomode Transducer (OMT) (2014)

The turnstile junction exhibits very low cross-polarization leakage and is suitable for low-noise millimeter-wave receivers. For use in a cryogenic receiver, it is best if the orthomode transducer (OMT) is implemented in waveguide, contains no additional assembly features, and may be directly machined. However, machined OMTs are prone to sharp signal drop-outs that are costly to overall performance since they show up directly as spikes in receiver noise. We explore the various factors contributing to this degradation and discuss how the current design mitigates each cause. Final performance is demonstrated at cryogenic temperatures.
Microwave warming of peritoneal dialysis fluid. (1992)

A nursing research study was undertaken to determine whether biochemical composition of peritoneal dialysate fluid was altered with microwave heating and whether the external bag temperature of the heated dialysate was a reliable reflection of the actual fluid temperature. No significant laboratory changes were found in the control, heated, or superheated solutions. By closely following established time frames for specific bag solution volume, agitation of fluid prior to instillation, and external temperature check with specific minimum and maximum acceptable temperatures, peritoneal dialysate can be microwaved and used safely.
NFC mobile payment with Citizen Digital Certificate (2011)

With the increasing availability of smart handsets, the mobile phone is likely to become the device of choice for accessing sophisticated services and applications in a convenient yet secure manner. This is especially true with the introduction of Near Field Communication (NFC), which provides the phone with an interface allowing it to act as a smart card reader or to emulate smart cards. However the user registration process is relatively weak for access to mobile communication services and some third party application providers have concerns when security certification is totally reliant on the trust and processes of the mobile network operator. In contrast, the Citizen Digital Certificate (CDC) is a PKI based citizen identification card issued to a user by the government, following a rigorous user registration process. In our investigation we explore the combined use of NFC phones and the CDC card, by using the government card to endorse the security of credentials held within the NFC Security Element that is hosted within the phone's Subscriber Identity Module (SIM). In this paper, we propose and describe a secure mobile payment system solution for use in a traditional in-store environment, which combines the CDC PKI, the NFC secure element within the SIM and a 3G mobile network. Moreover, the solution provides a convenient user experience, which leverages from the wide-scale 3G network and the short-range contactless communication of NFC, and could replace the use of payment or service specific smart cards.
Lutein and zeaxanthin for macular degeneration (2008)

A definite association between lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation and clinical benefit has yet to be shown; however, it may still be an appropriate cautionary measure for patients at high risk for developing AMD.
University Smart Card Adoption in Feng Chia University, Taiwan (2012)

This study assessed students' behavioral intentional to use University Smart Card, as well as the proposed factors which influenced their intention to use and actual use. After reviewing the previous theories and models, a proposed model is developed by integrating relevant constructs for this research in order to explain and predict some factors that determine students' intention and usage to adopt a new University Smart Card in this study. A questionnaire survey for student from Feng Chia University was conducted to collect research data. The findings indicated that when students had the behavioral intention to use University Smart Card, they would have positive trend to use it in actual.The relevant studies were few in previous researches and also it could be the pioneer study in Taiwan. The concept of University Smart Card is quite new for Taiwanese students and this research could contribute results for both academic and industrial fields.
Vesical Neoplasm Prolapsing through the Urethra and Suggesting Primary Vaginal Carcinoma (1952)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Oct 1952Vesical Neoplasm Prolapsing through the Urethra and Suggesting Primary Vaginal Carcinoma Neal B. Davis, Joseph Hyde Pratt, and Laurence F. Greene Neal B. DavisNeal B. Davis Fellow in Urology, Mayo Foundation, University of Minnesota More articles by this author , Joseph Hyde PrattJoseph Hyde Pratt More articles by this author , and Laurence F. GreeneLaurence F. Greene More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)68269-7AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1952 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 68Issue 4October 1952Page: 703-705 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1952 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Neal B. Davis Fellow in Urology, Mayo Foundation, University of Minnesota More articles by this author Joseph Hyde Pratt More articles by this author Laurence F. Greene More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Super Cockpit and its Human Factors Challenges (1986)

A revolutionary virtual crew station concept titled the “Super Cockpit” is introduced with its applications and operational advantages. Unique aspects of the virtual information portrayal and interactive medium of the super cockpit are discussed leading to a need for new areas of human factors research and engineering.
A 20-channel optical communication system using subcarrier multiplexing for the transmission of digital video signals (1990)

Microwave subcarriers have been used to demonstrate an optical communication system suitable for the distribution of digital video channels. The design, performance, and optical link requirements are discussed for a 2-Gb/s subcarrier-multiplexed (SCM) system with 20 microwave subcarriers modulated at 100 Mb/s and using a frequency-shift-keyed format. The system uses the 2-6-GHz bandwidth and represents the first example of an SCM system using more than one octave of bandwidth. The bit error rate was measured for all 20 channels; results for five typical channels are shown and discussed. The performance results show that a digital SCM approach is attractive in an optical link for a multichannel wide bandwidth video distribution system made from standard microwave components.
Optical limiting due to frequency up-converted fluorescence in DASPB-dye-doped polymer matrix (2003)

4 -[4 - (Dimethylamino) styryl) - 1 - docosyl pyridinum bromide ](abbreviated as DASPB) is a nonlinear dye which shows strong two-photon absorption (TPA) and subsequent frequency upconversion fluorescence behavior when excited with near infrared radiation. The dye possesses a much larger TPA cross section and much stronger upconversion fluorescence emission than those of common organic dyes (such as rhodamine). In order to increase the concentration of absorptive or fluorescent centers as well as the optochemical and optophysical stability and effective use of this highly nonlinear dye, it has doped in methyl methacrylate - methacrylic acid co-polymer (PMMA-MA). Linear absorption spectrum, single photon induced fluorescence spectrum and two photon induced fluorescence at different wavelength are studied. The nonlinear optical transmission at both linear absorption region and linear transmission region are studied using nano and pico second laser pulses. The optical limiting behavior of the dye is also studied in cw, pico and femto second region. Using Z-scan studies it is found that in linear absorption region, the DASPB doped in PMMA-PA shows saturation absorption at lower intensity and reverse saturated absorption at higher intensity. At transmission region above 800 nm, it has shown the absorption due to two photon induced fluorescence as well as reverse saturation absorption. With experimental results, the molecular TPA cross-sections and TPF cross-section of the sample are calculated.
A High‐Rate and Stable Quasi‐Solid‐State Zinc‐Ion Battery with Novel 2D Layered Zinc Orthovanadate Array (2018)

Zinc-ion batteries are under current research focus because of their uniqueness in low cost and high safety. However, it is still desirable to improve the rate performance by improving the Zn<sup>2+</sup> (de)intercalation kinetics and long-cycle stability by eliminating the dendrite formation problem. Herein, the first paradigm of a high-rate and ultrastable flexible quasi-solid-state zinc-ion battery is constructed from a novel 2D ultrathin layered zinc orthovanadate array cathode, a Zn array anode supported by a conductive porous graphene foam, and a gel electrolyte. The nanoarray structure for both electrodes assures the high rate capability and alleviates the dendrite growth. The flexible Zn-ion battery has a depth of discharge of ≈100% for the cathode and 66% for the anode, and delivers an impressive high-rate of 50 C (discharge in 60 s), long-term durability of 2000 cycles at 20 C, and unprecedented energy density ≈115 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> , together with a peak power density ≈5.1 kW kg<sup>-1</sup> (calculation includes masses of cathode, anode, and current collectors). First principles calculations and quantitative kinetics analysis show that the high-rate and stable properties are correlated with the 2D fast ion-migration pathways and the introduced intercalation pseudocapacitance.
The effect of sodium hypochlorite and gibberellic acid on seed dormancy and germination of wild oats (<i>Avena fatua</i>) (1979)

The seed coverings, including the pericarp and testa of the caryopsis and the hull, arc the main barriers to the exchange of gases and the penetration of exogenous gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) for germination of wild oats (Avena fatua L.). Dormancy was induced in seeds by immersing them in water for 15 minor longer. Dormancy induction was greater in those seeds immersed for up to 1 h in 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and then 1 h in water than in those seeds immersed only in water for 1 h. The addition of GA 3 , to seeds subjected to NaOCl treatment for 15 min or less did not break dormancy, indicating a slow rate of entry, or the exclusion, of GA 3 , by the seeds. In the presence of GA 3 , germination increased with increasing exposure to NaOCl. Maximum germination was obtained by immersing dry seeds in NaOCl for 2 h, in water for 1 h, and then incubating the seeds in GA 3 . Gibberellic acid was not required for complete germination of imbibed, dehulled seeds immersed in NaOCl for 1 h then in water for 1 h, but it was necessary to use 10 −4 M GA 3 for complete germination of intact seeds that were treated with NaOCl or 2 h then with water for 1 h. Imbibed, dormant seeds that were dehulled and pierced required 10 −7 M GA 3 , to give complete germination in this study. Piercing of the seed coverings enhances GA 3 , penetration and thus increases the availability of GA 3 , for germination. NaOCl treatment to the seeds mimics the effects of piercing. NaOCl may also have caused loss of germination inhibitors or rendered these inhibitors susceptible to oxidation. However, prolonged NaOCl treatment resulted in either poor germination or seed disintegration.
Testigas de cargo: mujeres y relación laboral hoy (1999)

Este articulo no pretende ser un articulo sobre mujeresy empleo, sino sobre la «relacion salarial hoy». Las mujeres no constituyen masque el objeto material apartir del cual reflexionar sobre aquella. Pero si se hace asi, es porque se considera que ellas, tanto porsu identidad social global como por el hecho de que son asignadas aun lugar secundario en el espacio de las condiciones de empleo y de trabajo, constituyen una categoria social privilegiada para ser testigos de los cambios que esta sufriendo hoy en dia la relcion salarial en cuanto tal. En esta linea argumental se analizan, primero, las peculiaridades de las mujeres en tanto que categoria social y laboral para analizas a continuacion, su valoracion de los cambios actuales en las relaciones de empleo.
STRUCTURAL CHANGE OF REGIONAL ECONOMY IN JAPAN : Based on comparison between central and local areas (1994)

Introduction 2 Trends in Dominant Transaction Flows 2-1 Selection of dominant transaction flows 2-2 Trends in major transaction flows 3 Dominant Domestic and Foreign Trade in 1985 3-1 Dominant flow from foods to final demand 3-2 Dominant flow from chemicals to textiles 3-3 Dominant flow from textiles to final demand 3-4 Dominant flow from steel to metal & machinery 3-5 Dominant flow from metals & machinery to final demand 3-6 Additional remarks to understand transaction flows 4 Dominant Function for Foreign and Domestic Trades 4-1 Dominant functions for foreign trade 4-2 Dominant functions for domestic trade 5 Conclusions
Three and Four Dimensional Numerical Risk Scoring Systems (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Transitions in Risk Assessment A Need for Caution and Perceptive Evaluation Three-Dimensional Numerical Risk-Scoring Systems A Four-Dimensional Numerical Risk-Scoring System A Model Three-Dimensional Numerical Risk-Scoring System Conclusion References Abstract Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Formula for Evaluating the Seriousness of the Risk Due to a Hazard Chapter 3: Formula to Determine the Justification for Recommended Corrective Actions Recommended Procedure for Using the “J” Formula Exception to Reliance on the “J” Formula
A simple calibration procedure for fish-eye (high distortion) lens camera (2002)

Presents a new algorithm for the geometric camera calibration of a fish-eye lens (a high distortion lens) mounted on a CCD TV camera. The algorithm determines a mapping between points in the world coordinate system and their corresponding point locations in the image plane. The parameters to be calibrated are effective focal length, one-pixel width on the image plane, image distortion center, and distortion coefficients. A simple calibration pattern consisting of equally spaced dots is introduced as a reference for calibration. Some parameters to be calibrated are eliminated by setting up the calibration pattern precisely and assuming negligible distortion at the image distortion center. Thus, the number of unknown parameters to be calibrated is drastically reduced, enabling simple and useful calibration. The method employs a polynomial transformation between points in the world coordinate system and their corresponding image plane locations. The coefficients of the polynomial are determined using the Lagrangian estimation. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed calibration method is confirmed by experimentation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Linking agricultural production and human nutrition (2000)

The adequacy of nutritional status in a population depends on an effective food and agricultural sector. The development of agriculture in relation to nutrition has occurred in 3 phases: 1) improving yield to provide adequate energy from food, 2) improving efficiency of production to diversify the sources of nutrients in the food supply, and 3) targeted efforts to improve the nutritional profile of foods that will help lower the risk of disease and promote health. Success in maintaining yield and efficiency while improving the ability of the food supply to provide good nutrition will require a multi-discipline effort of nutrition, food, plant and animal scientists in order that the most effective strategies are targeted. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Exploiting the Cost (In)sensitivity of Decision Tree Splitting Criteria (2000)

This paper investigates how the splitting criteria and pruning methods of decision tree learning algorithms are influenced by misclassification costs or changes to the class distribution. Splitting criteria that are relatively insensitive to costs (class distributions) are found to perform as well as or better than, in terms of expected misclassification cost, splitting criteria that are cost sensitive. Consequently there are two opposite ways of dealing with imbalance. One is to combine a costinsensitive splitting criterion with a cost insensitive pruning method to produce a decision tree algorithm little affected by cost or prior class distribution. The other is to grow a cost-independent tree which is then pruned in a cost-sensitive manner. 1. Introduction When applying machine learning to real world classification problems two complications that often arise are imbalanced classes (one class occurs much more often than the other (Kubat et al., 1998; Ezawa et al., 1...
A wide range constant-resistance Pirani gauge with ambient temperature compensation (1965)

The development of a Pirani gauge to cover the pressure range from 10 mtorr to 200 torr is described. A thin wire filament was used in a d.c. Wheatstone bridge with a transistor d.c. amplifier automatically varying the voltage so as to maintain the filament at constant temperature. With this arrangement, the bridge voltage is a function of pressure. It was found desirable to divide the pressure range into three sections, with automatic switching from one to the other. To measure pressures above 10 torr with any confidence it is necessary to provide ambient temperature compensation. To maintain a constant temperature difference between the gauge filament and wall, a temperature-dependent resistor was wound on the tubular gauge envelope and included in the opposite arm of the Wheatstone bridge. In addition to compensating for ambient temperature variations, this resistor also corrected for heating of the envelope, by conduction from the filament, at high pressures, thereby greatly reducing the time from switching on the filament to obtain a correct reading.
Do predetermined surgical margins compromise oncological safety in computer-assisted head and neck reconstruction? (2020)

Predetermined surgical margins do not compromise oncological safety in terms of resection margin, disease recurrence and patient survival.