gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Trapping in Quenched and Tempered 0.42C-0.30Ti Steel Containing Bimodally Dispersed TiC Particles (2003)

The effect of tempering on hydrogen trapping in 0.42C-0.30Ti steel was studied by means of a hardness test, hydrogen thermal desorption spectrometry and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. In addition to the coarse undissolved TiC particles, fine TiC particles with a volume fraction up to 0.22% precipitated during tempering at temperatures above 500°C. Coherent TiC square platelets with a diagonal length of about 2 nm and a thickness of less than 1 nm precipitated at 550 and 600°C, acting as reversible hydrogen traps. Tempering at 700°C caused the fine TiC particles to lose their coherency with the matrix, resulting in a very limited increase in reversibly trapped hydrogen content compared to the samples tempered below 500°C without TiC precipitation. On the other hand, the coarse undissolved TiC particles with an average diameter of 2 μm, acting as irreversible traps, greatly enhanced the irreversibly trapped hydrogen content when tempered at 500°C and were accompanied by a decrease in hydrogen desorption rate peak temperature. Comparison of both types of TiC particles with the same volume fraction indicated that the fine coherent TiC platelets were more effective in trapping hydrogen than the coarse incoherent undissolved TiC particles.
<title>Pulse compression of KrF laser radiation by stimulated scattering</title> (1991)

Waveform conjugation of narrowband KrF lasers with linewidth 0.02 cm-1 and divergence 10-4 rad was investigated. By means of Brillouin scattering in SF6 gas, the 12 ns duration pump pulse was compressed up to 1.5 ns with energy efficiency about 80% and the laser beam divergence retention. The waveform conjugation under thermal Raleigh scattering in hexane, heptane and hot water was also investigated. The maximum efficiency in hexane was about 10% and scattered pulse duration 2.5 ns. Waveform conjugation in a wide region of liquid absorption coefficients was also observed.
Novel CMOS integrated current drivers for wideband bioimpedance measurements (2010)

Bioelectrical impedance measurements are routinely used in many clinical applications such as lung function monitoring, brain imaging, body segment monitoring and tissue characterization. Advantages of the method include low-cost, simplicity and non-invasiveness. One bioimpedance imaging technique of particular interest is Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT). EIT works by reconstructing the differences in electrical conductivity inside a body. The design of instrumentation for bioimpedance measurements is very challenging, particularly for applications requiring wideband operation (e.g., imaging of cancer biomarkers). Such applications require wideband current drivers that can deliver accurate and stable sinusoidal current (AC) to the electrode-tissue load. Many current drivers for bioimpedance measurements are based on discrete electronics, mostly using the modified Howland circuit (MHC). However, the accuracy and performance of the MHC depends on the performance of the operational amplifiers used and on the degree of matching of its resistors, making the approach not attractive for integration. In addition, because it uses both positive and negative feedback it can suffer from stability problems and since it employs voltage feedback it suffers from bandwidth limitations.\nThis thesis is concerned with the design implementation and experimental evaluation of novel current drivers for wideband, fully-integrated, bioimpedance instrumentation for EIT applications. Three new current driver circuits are introduced based on the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) approach, and implemented in sub-micron CMOS technology. The described integrated current drivers overcome many of the limitations of discrete current drivers, i.e., limited precision at high frequencies, stability, and low-bandwidth. Two new open-loop current drivers implemented in 0.35-μm CMOS technology are presented and their performance is analyzed and simulated. One of the current drivers was fabricated as an integrated circuit and its performance was experimentally verified using RC loads, a saline tank electrode phantom and electrodes on the forearm. In order to further improve its performance, a novel negative impedance converter (NIC) circuit is introduced which compensates for the stray capacitance at the output node due to the cable connecting the current driver to the electrodes. Finally, a new current driver in 0.6-μm CMOS technology is presented using feedback to provide high output impedance from DC to over1 MHz. Simulation results including Monte-Carlo analysis are presented to show the operation of the circuit.
CARBAMAZEPINE IN DIFFICULT TO CONTROL EPILEPTIC OUT-PATIENTS (1975)

Twenty-three difficult to control patients with 1 or more seizures per week despite diphenylhydantoin (DPH), phenobarbital and/or primidone in near and toxic doses and blood levels were entered in the study. 3 had grand mal. 8 psychomotor seizures and 12 had both. During a 6 1/2 month study period the patient received active drug and placebo for 3 months each; randomized, double-blind. The dose was to be increased within 4 weeks up to 6 capsules per day equal to 1,200 mg of carbamazepine (C), while the doses or previously taken (basis) anticonvulsants were to remain unchanged. Hematopoetic system and heptic functions were monitored. Complete seizure control attributable to C was not achieved in any, but up to 50% improvement occurred in 12 patients. Questionable improvement was thought to take place in 3 patients, no change occurred in 7, and psychomotor seizures became more frequent in 1 patient. A clear-cut psychotropic effect was not observed. Adverse effects attributable to C were a decline of WBC below 4,000 with relative neutropenia in 3 patients followed by at return to the previous after discontinuation of C. Nystagmus and unsteadiness were seen in about half of the patients, and some headache and drowsiness occurred in one quarter. The highest C blood level was 11.8 mug/ml, the lowest 3.8 mug/ml (average 5.6 mug/ml) during 1,200 mg intake. It seemed, generally, that intoxication occurred with lower blood levels of carbamazepine in those patients whose basis anticonvulsant blood levels were highest.
Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in Dementia (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Normal Sleep Sleep and Memory Pathological Sleep Changes with Aging Sleep Disturbance in Progressive Dementia Conclusion References
Three distinct mechanisms of HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> secretion in rat distal colon (2004)

HCO(3)(-) secretion has long been recognized in the mammalian colon, but it has not been well characterized. Although most studies of colonic HCO(3)(-) secretion have revealed evidence of lumen Cl(-) dependence, suggesting a role for apical membrane Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange, direct examination of HCO(3)(-) secretion in isolated crypt from rat distal colon did not identify Cl(-)-dependent HCO(3)(-) secretion but did reveal cAMP-induced, Cl(-)-independent HCO(3)(-) secretion. Studies were therefore initiated to determine the characteristics of HCO(3)(-) secretion in isolated colonic mucosa to identify HCO(3)(-) secretion in both surface and crypt cells. HCO(3)(-) secretion was measured in rat distal colonic mucosa stripped of muscular and serosal layers by using a pH stat technique. Basal HCO(3)(-) secretion (5.6 +/- 0.03 microeq.h(-1).cm(-2)) was abolished by removal of either lumen Cl(-) or bath HCO(3)(-); this Cl(-)-dependent HCO(3)(-) secretion was also inhibited by 100 microM DIDS (0.5 +/- 0.03 microeq.h(-1).cm(-2)) but not by 5-nitro-3-(3-phenylpropyl-amino)benzoic acid (NPPB), a Cl(-) channel blocker. 8-Bromo-cAMP induced Cl(-)-independent HCO(3)(-) secretion (and also inhibited Cl(-)-dependent HCO(3)(-) secretion), which was inhibited by NPPB and by glibenclamide, a CFTR blocker, but not by DIDS. Isobutyrate, a poorly metabolized short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), also induced a Cl(-)-independent, DIDS-insensitive, saturable HCO(3)(-) secretion that was not inhibited by NPPB. Three distinct HCO(3)(-) secretory mechanisms were identified: 1) Cl(-)-dependent secretion associated with apical membrane Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange, 2) cAMP-induced secretion that was a result of an apical membrane anion channel, and 3) SCFA-dependent secretion associated with an apical membrane SCFA/HCO(3)(-) exchange.
On the Spring Properties of Inconel X Type Alloy (1966)

Authors have reported in the preceding study, as part of a study on super alloys for springs, on the spring properties of Refractaloy 26 type alloy. This time, they investigated the spring properties at the room temperature and elevated temperature of Inconel X type alloy. This alloy was treated under various combinations of solution temperature, solution time, aging temperature, aging time and cold reduction before aging.Characteristics at the room temperature were determined by hardness, tensile, grain size or deflection tests to confirm the spring properties. Spring properties at the elevated temperature were investigated using coil springs subjected to an optimum solution treatment, aging treatment, and cold working. Compression coil springs were manufactured for this investigation and heated from room temperature, with the temperature and deflection registered, then the modulus of rigidity and proportional limit in twisting at high temperature determined. To confirm the stability of deflection under load and heating, coil springs were heated and cooled cyclically. Also the micro-structure and the process of precipitation were observed with the help of electron-microscope.Results obtained were as follows;1) A combination of 982°C (solution treatment) and 704°C × 9-44 hr (aging treatment) develops better mechanical properties at room temperature than any other combination.2) Maximum mechanical properties at room temperature, under a combination of cold working and aging treatment, can be obtained with lower aging temperature and shorter aging time.3) The aging treatment and cold working do not affect the modulus of rigidity.4) The proportional limit in twisting is influenced by the aging temperature, aging time and cold working. It hardly goes down up to about 600°C.5) Permissible stress for this alloy is up to about 40kg/mm2 for one strengthened by cold working and aging treatment, when the upper temperature of reversed cyclic heating is about 400°C.
Groin Pain Syndrome A Multidisciplinary Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment (2017)

1 Classification and Differential Analysis -- 2 Inguinal Region Anatomy -- 3 Physiology and Biomechanics -- 4 Radiologic Diagnosis -- 5 Femoral Acetabular Impingement -- 6 Acetabular Labral Tear -- 7 Instability -- 8 Cartilage Pathology -- 9 Other Cartilaginous Hip Pathology -- 10 Extra-articular Hip Pathology -- 11 Inguinal Pathology -- 12 Sports Hernia -- 13 Urogenital Pathology -- 14 Adductor and Upright Abdominal Tendinopathy -- 15 Iliopsoas Tendinopathy -- 16 Osteitis Pubis and Pubic Symphysis Arthropathy -- 17 Nerve Entrapment Syndrome -- 18 Conservative Rehabilitation Treatment (strength exercises, stretching, strength exercises, physical therapy) -- 19 Postsurgical Rehabilitation (FAI – hernioplasty - tendon surgery) -- 20 Groin Pain Syndrome: A Final Assessment of the State of the Art.
In Vitro Protein-Synthesizing Activity of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Infected Cell Extracts (1973)

Crude cytoplasmic extracts from vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-infected HeLa cells incorporate radioactive amino acids into hot trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material linearly for 10 to 20 min. The material synthesized in vitro corresponds in molecular weight to four of the five VSV structural proteins. However, synthesis of the viral glycoprotein (G) is significantly reduced, whereas the relative amounts of viral structural proteins L and NS synthesized are increased compared with the ratio of the proteins found in the virion. Fractionation of a VSV-infected crude cytoplasmic extract into a cytoplasmic pellet (20,000 x g for 30 min) and a cytoplasmic supernatant results in a significant reduction in protein synthesizing activity of both fractions, although both contain polysomes. The products synthesized by a cytoplasmic supernatant-directed system included all the VSV structural proteins except the glycoprotein, whereas in an in vitro system directed by the cytoplasmic pellet there is a marked reduction in synthesis of the nucleoprotein (N) and also a small relative increase in synthesis of the glycoprotein. Addition of uninfected, preincubated HeLa or L-cell S10 or a HeLa ribosomal fraction to the VSV-infected cytoplasmic pellet results in a 30- to 60-fold stimulation of (35)S-methionine incorporation. However, these uninfected extracts do not stimulate (35)S-methionine incorporation by the infected crude cytoplasmic extract or the cytoplasmic supernatant. The products synthesized by the stimulated cytoplasmic pellet now include sizeable amounts of the glycoprotein in addition to the other VSV structural proteins.
Two Atypical Cases of Cutaneous Gamma/Delta T-Cell Lymphomas (2011)

Cutaneous γ/δ T-cell lymphoma (CGD-TCL) is a recent entity described in the newly revised World Health Organization-European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer classification of cutaneous lymphomas, and is characterized by the γ/δ T-cell receptor expression on atypical lymphocytes. Only a few cases of primary CGD-TCL have been reported, with an extremely aggressive course (median survival time of 15 months). We describe 2 atypical cases of CGD-TCL. The first case was initially misdiagnosed as an inflammatory panniculitis due to the granulomatous infiltrate on the skin biopsy specimen. Diagnosis was confirmed using δ PCR that revealed γ/δ T-cell clonal expansion. The evolution was marked by predominant γ/δ T-cell infiltrate with diffuse body fat involvement as seen on positron emission tomography-computed tomography. The second case is the first described Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated CGD-TCL with a rapidly fatal evolution. CGD-TCL is also a heterogeneous entity and δ PCR and EBV-encoded RNA probe to detect an EBV latent infection may help diagnose and characterize these cutaneous lymphomas.
Proposal of Pumpless, Valveless, and Flowless Miniaturized Reactor Using Magnetic Beads for the Portable Analysis Device (2006)

A miniaturized chemical-analysis system based on magnetic beads-droplet-handling mechanism without pumps and valves was developed for analysis. The analysis system has possibility for the development of a portable analysis device since there is no complicated mechanical component. In this report, we constructed an analysis system with 8 wells connected by channels. Magnetic beads with a diameter of 22.0 μm were used as a mobile phase. We demonstrated the detection of biotin-labeled DNA oligomers using this system. The result showed that this detection system has specificity and dependence of the signal on the target DNA concentration.
Fixed-node Monte Carlo study of the two-dimensional Hubbard model (1991)

The fixed-node Monte Carlo method is extended to lattice fermion models. This method replaces the problem of finding the ground state of a many-fermion system by an effective eigenvalue problem of finding the lowest-energy wave function in a given region of the configuration space. It has previously only been applied to fermions moving in continuous space. The discreteness of the configuration space causes the algorithm to differ from that of the continuum. The method is tested against a known limiting case where exact results are available for comparison. Good agreement is found. Using the fixed-node Monte Carlo method, we study the domain-wall phase in the ground state of the two-dimensional Hubbard model. The existence of a domain-wall phase which has domains of antiferromagnetic phases separated by walls of holes is recently suggested by inhomogeneous Hartree-Fock (HF) and variational Monte Carlo (VMC) calculations. Large improvements of the energies are found. The domain walls are broader than those obtained by the HF and VMC calculations.
Differential Regulation of Toll-Like Receptor and CD14 Pathways by Retinoids and Corticosteroids in Human Sebocytes (2006)

active retinoid by slightly upregulating mRNA levels of TLR2, TLR4 and CD14, while 13- cis -RA and all- transRA were practically inactive. Retinoids did not affect mRNA levels of IL-1 � , IL-1 � and IL-8 mRNA and their release. However, IL-6 mRNA levels and release were significantly reduced under treatment with 13- cis -RA and all- trans -RA being more potent than retinol, indicating a selective, TLR-independent, anti-inflammatory effect of retinoids on SZ95 sebocytes. Hydrocortisone slightly upregulated TLR2 mRNA levels but markedly reduced TLR4 and CD14 mRNA levels. Furthermore, hydrocortisol induced an overall reduction of cytokine/chemokine expression, a finding that undersigns its global antiinflammatory activity. We provide evidence that the pharmacological regulation of TLR and CD14 expression may provide a novel mechanism in the treatment of inflammatory acne lesions. The combination of 13-cis- retinoic acid (RA) and corticosteroids has been shown to be markedly effective in severe inflammatory acne, such as acne fulminans. We have currently shown human epithelial cells to induce and modulate inflammatory signals by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and CD14 in acne. By this pathway the innate immunity is able to recognize microbial components and to induce cytokine/chemokine synthesis. We examined the effects of retinoids, hydrocortisone and the microbial components lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichonic acid on TLR2, TLR4 and CD14 expression as well as on cytokine/chemokine expression in human SZ95 sebocytes. Human SZ95 sebocytes were found to constitutively express TLR2, TLR4, CD14, interleukin (IL)-1 � , IL-1 � , IL-6 and IL-8 that was augmented by exposure to components of Gram-negative (lipopolysaccharide) and Gram-positive (lipoteichonic acid) bacteria. Retinol was the most
Analysis of RATAN-600 radiation patterns in new operation modes using the MLPO algorithm (2017)

The multilevel physical optics (MLPO) algorithm has been adapted to compute radiation patterns of the triple reflector antenna of RATAN-600 radio telescope in new operation modes. These operation modes facilitate tracking of cosmic sources of radiation at arbitrary azimuthal angles in the range of ±30°. The resulting radiation patterns are compared to those obtained via ray tracing analysis.
Ingress Determination by Means of Laser Light Scattering Inside a Rotor-Stator System (1999)

A new method based on laser light scattering was developed to detect a radial inflow of gas inside a rotating-disk system. Ambient air was seeded with small particles that followed the flow. Once entering the wheel space between rotor and stator, these particles crossed a laserbeam emitted by an At+-Laser. The scattered light was detected by a photomultiplier whose electrical output signal was finally processed in a data acquisition system. The signal intensity thereby indicated the strength of ingress. The measuring technique was adapted to a shrouded rotor-stator system in a quiescent environment and an experimental investigation was conducted to determine the minimum cooling flow rate necessary to just prevent ingress (Cw,min) for several seal clearance ratios and two different rotor disk geometries. The results were correlated to the disk rotational Reynolds number and compared with data yielded by applying a pressure criterion. With the rotating disk being 0.5m in diameter and spinning at max. 10000rpm, rotational Reynolds numbers up to 3.8×106 were achieved. The results show an expected behaviour for the seal clearance variation and an unexpected behaviour for the two disk geometries. Compared to the new technique, the pressure criterion underestimates the minimum purge flow. Additional experiments were conducted for a single seal configuration to demonstrate the new method’s capability to acquire the sealing effectiveness. The results are intriguing but also show that further investigations must be conducted to establish this new technique.
How Designers Use Emergent Shape Semantics of Architectural Drawings in CAAD Systems (2003)

This paper presents a possible use of discovered shape semantics in CAAD systems for architectural design. The importance of the concept of the emergence of shape semantics is emphasized through examples in the architectural design process. The ability of discovery of shape semantics in CAAD systems is demonstrated, and the possible use of the discovered shape semantics in design is suggested.
Bioengineering materials: insights into smart materials designs (1996)

We have focused our research on biologically derived materials to gain insight into new types of materials with novel functions and new assembly and processing methods associated with these materials. Biological systems offer prototypical capabilities in sensing and responding to the environmental changes. The material designs, synthesis, regulation and assembly involved in these sensing and response processes should offer materials engineers incredible opportunities in the molecular-level design of new 'smart' materials with functions not achievable today. Specific examples are cited from our own studies that explore the biosynthesis, processing and properties of novel biological materials. It is our expectation that through the elucidation of the nature of these materials and the processes by which these materials are formed that new directions to the design of 'smart' functions may be garnered.
The Complete Calibration of the Color–Redshift Relation (C3R2) Survey: Survey Overview and Data Release 1 (2017)

Abstract A key goal of the Stage IV dark energy experiments Euclid , LSST, and WFIRST is to measure the growth of structure with cosmic time from weak lensing analysis over large regions of the sky. Weak lensing cosmology will be challenging: in addition to highly accurate galaxy shape measurements, statistically robust and accurate photometric redshift (photo- z ) estimates for billions of faint galaxies will be needed in order to reconstruct the three-dimensional matter distribution. Here we present an overview of and initial results from the Complete Calibration of the Color–Redshift Relation (C3R2) survey, which is designed specifically to calibrate the empirical galaxy color–redshift relation to the Euclid depth. These redshifts will also be important for the calibrations of LSST and WFIRST . The C3R2 survey is obtaining multiplexed observations with Keck (DEIMOS, LRIS, and MOSFIRE), the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC; OSIRIS), and the Very Large Telescope (VLT; FORS2 and KMOS) of a targeted sample of galaxies that are most important for the redshift calibration. We focus spectroscopic efforts on undersampled regions of galaxy color space identified in previous work in order to minimize the number of spectroscopic redshifts needed to map the color–redshift relation to the required accuracy. We present the C3R2 survey strategy and initial results, including the 1283 high-confidence redshifts obtained in the 2016A semester and released as Data Release 1.
Laser-Enhanced Ionization Spectrometry: Characterization of Electrical Interferences (1980)

The electrical interferences associated with laser-enhanced ionization (LEI) spectrometry are characterized in this study. This was accomplished by comparison of LEI signal behavior in acetylene/air and hydrogen/air flames. A discussion of the relationship of the analytical signal and the total ion concentration in the flame is presented. The results of flame composition experiments are discussed as well as the role of matrix ions in determining signal strength. Experiments with modified sensing electrodes and higher applied voltages illustrate a partial remedy for electrical interferences.