gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoprotection in Plants Involves a Change in Lutein 1 Binding Domain in the Major Light-harvesting Complex of Photosystem II (2011)

Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) is the fundamental process by which plants exposed to high light intensities dissipate the potentially harmful excess energy as heat. Recently, it has been shown that efficient energy dissipation can be induced in the major light-harvesting complexes of photosystem II (LHCII) in the absence of protein-protein interactions. Spectroscopic measurements on these samples (LHCII gels) in the quenched state revealed specific alterations in the absorption and circular dichroism bands assigned to neoxanthin and lutein 1 molecules. In this work, we investigate the changes in conformation of the pigments involved in NPQ using resonance Raman spectroscopy. By selective excitation we show that, as well as the twisting of neoxanthin that has been reported previously, the lutein 1 pigment also undergoes a significant change in conformation when LHCII switches to the energy dissipative state. Selective two-photon excitation of carotenoid (Car) dark states (Car S(1)) performed on LHCII gels shows that the extent of electronic interactions between Car S(1) and chlorophyll states correlates linearly with chlorophyll fluorescence quenching, as observed previously for isolated LHCII (aggregated versus trimeric) and whole plants (with versus without NPQ).
PWM Digital Pixel Sensor Based on Asynchronous Self-Resetting Scheme (2004)

A pulse-width modulated digital pixel sensor is presented along with its inherent advantages such as low power consumption and wide operating range. The pixel, which comprises an analog processor and an 8-bit memory cell, operates in an asynchronous self-resetting mode. In contrast to most CMOS image sensors, in our approach, the photocurrent signal is encoded as a pulse-width signal, and converted to an 8-bit digital code using a Gray counter. The dynamic range of the pixel can be adapted by simply modulating the clock frequency of the counter. To test the operation of the proposed pixel architecture, an image sensor array has been designed and fabricated in a 0.35-μm CMOS technology, where each pixel occupies an area of 45×45 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Here, the operation of the sensor is demonstrated through experimental results."
Thyroid Gangliosides with High Affinity for Thyrotropin: Potential Role in Thyroid Regulation (1978)

Thyroid cell membranes contain a multiplicity of gangliosides, some of which inhibit thyrotropin binding to thyroid membranes. The most potent inhibitor is a ganglioside which is present in only trace amounts and appears to have a novel structure. Thyroid gangliosides may play a role in relaying the hormonal message to the thyroid cell.
Security Topics and Mobility Management in Hierarchical Ad Hoc Networks (Samoyed): Final Report (2007)

... topics in hierarchical ad hoc networks, especially ad hoc access networks, with a focus on mobility management and security issues. Results of the project include techniques for establishing and maintaining connectivity in ad hoc access networks; a novel method for dynamic local clustering and cluster-based routing in ad hoc networks; and requirements analysis and design of security architectures for clustered ad hoc networks. This report consists of a general overview of the topics studied in the project, and reprints of five of the project’s publications.
Wag31, a homologue of the cell division protein DivIVA, regulates growth, morphology and polar cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria (2008)

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome contains 11 serine/threonine kinase genes, and the products of two of these, PknA and PknB, are key components of a signal transduction pathway that regulates cell division and/or morphology. Previously, we have shown that one substrate of these kinases is Wag31, a homologue of the cell division protein DivIVA that is present, but not known to be phosphorylated, in other Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we investigate the localization and function of Wag31 and its phosphorylation. We demonstrate that Wag31 is localized to the cell poles. We further show that wag31 is an essential gene and that depletion of its product causes a dramatic morphological change in which one end of the cell becomes round rather than rod-shaped. This abnormal morphology appears to be caused by a defect in polar peptidoglycan synthesis. Finally, expression of M. tuberculosis wag31 in the wag31 conditional mutant of Mycobacterium smegmatis altered the growth rate in a manner that depended on the phospho-acceptor residue encoded by the allele being expressed. Taken together, these results indicate that Wag31 regulates cell shape and cell wall synthesis in M. tuberculosis through a molecular mechanism by which the activity of Wag31 can be modulated in response to environmental signals.
Preparation and properties of a new dalargine analogue L-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-L-Phe-L-Tle-L-Arg (1987)

Stepwise synthesis in solution provided tert-butyloxycarbonyl-O-benzyl-L-tyrosyl-D-alanyl-glycyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-tert-leucyl-L-arginine which was then catalytically reduced and treated with trifluoroacetic acid. The product was purified by ion exchange chromatography and free electrophoresis. The hexapeptide containing L-tert-leucine in position 5 exhibited 63% biologic activity (guinea pig ileum) of Dalargine (L-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-L-Phe-L-Leu-L-Arg).
Structural properties and dielectric function of graphene grown by high-temperature sublimation on 4H-SiC(000-1) (2015)

Understanding and controlling growth of graphene on the carbon face (C-face) of SiC presents a significant challenge. In this work, we study the structural, vibrational, and dielectric function properties of graphene grown on the C-face of 4H-SiC by high-temperature sublimation in an argon atmosphere. The effect of growth temperature on the graphene number of layers and crystallite size is investigated and discussed in relation to graphene coverage and thickness homogeneity. An amorphous carbon layer at the interface between SiC and the graphene is identified, and its evolution with growth temperature is established. Atomic force microscopy, micro-Raman scattering spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and high-resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy are combined to determine and correlate thickness, stacking order, dielectric function, and interface properties of graphene. The role of surface defects and growth temperature on the graphene growth mechanism and stacking is discussed, and a conclusion about the critical factors to achieve decoupled graphene layers is drawn.
Cytotoxic Prenylated Xanthones and the Unusual Compounds Anthraquinobenzophenones from <i>Cratoxylum sumatranum</i> (2002)

Six new xanthones, cratoxyarborenones A−F (1−6), were isolated from the leaves, twigs, and/or stem bark of Cratoxylum sumatranum along with the known compound, vismione B (9), as active constituents by bioassay-directed fractionation using the KB human cancer cell line cytotoxicity assay. In addition, two novel anthraquinobenzophenones, cratoxyarborequinones A (7) and B (8), and two known compounds, 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone 4-O-geranyl ether and δ-tocotrienol, were obtained as inactive constituents.
Social Acceptance of Interactive Robots in Japan (2018)

One of the tasks of science communication is a discussion between citizens and scientists about common issues related science technology. This paper reports people's opinion about an interactive robot in our daily life which we gathered through activities of science communication. We asked people what kind of roles they prefer for a robot and whether it is necessary that robots make friends with people in our lives.
Biophysical dissection of the antigen-antibody interaction of the broadly reactive anti-V3 human mAb 447-52D (2012)

Background The immunogenic third variable region (V3) of HIV-1 gp120 is a target for AIDS vaccines. V3 is recognized by mAb 447-52D, known for its ability to neutralize viruses with a GPGR beta turn motif at the apex of V3, which is characteristic of clade B viruses. Interestingly, 447-52D can also bind non-clade B V3 peptides containing a GPGQ motif. A detailed biochemical and biophysical dissection of the antigen-antibody interaction of 447-52D was undertaken to understand this disparity.
Hydroxyrutacridon-Epoxid, ein neues Acridon-Alkaloid aus Ruta graveolens / Hydroxyrutacridone Epoxide, a New Acridone Alkaloid from Ruta graveolens (1982)

Abstract Hydroxyrutacridone epoxide was isolated from roots and callus tissue cultures of Ruta graveolens L. and identified by spectroscopic methods by comparison to rutacridone epoxide.
Reaction of carbon monoxide at atmospheric pressure with trialkylboranes. Synthesis of trialkylcarbinols via hydroboration (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of carbon monoxide at atmospheric pressure with trialkylboranes. Synthesis of trialkylcarbinols via hydroborationHerbert Charles. Brown and Michael W. RathkeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 11, 2737–2738Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00987a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00987a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views400Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Measuring and monitoring heavy-oil reservoir properties (2008)

The level of interest in heavy-oil and bitumen reservoirs has dramatically increased in recent times, stimulating research on their properties under various conditions. Rock physics provides the crucial link between the physical properties of the reservoir and seismic properties that can be remotely measured; however, there is currently no robust model to predict or infer the properties of heavy-oil or bitumen sands from seismic data, nor is there sufficient experimental data to calibrate such models. This is due to the particularly challenging nature of experimental measurements of heavy-oil sands.
FLOW BOILING HEAT TRANSFER OF REFRIGERANTS IN MICROFIN TUBES (2017)

Microfin tubes are used in evaporators and condensers of refrigeration systems. The performance of different microfin tubes has been experimentally determined by a number of investigators, and the data are available in literature. In order to use this information in the design of equipment, it is necessary to correlate this data into a readily usable form. It is desirable that the correlation not only fit the available data well, but also reflect the parametric trends correctly. Kandlikar (1991a) presented a correlation scheme to correlate flow boiling data for augmented tubes and compact evaporators. This correlation was based on the original correlation by Kandlikar (1990) for smooth tubes which accurately represented various trends in heat transfer coefficient with important system parameters. In the present work, the Kandlikar (1991a) correlation is modified to correctly account for the Reynolds number exponent in the single-phase flow. Also the missing (k/D) ratio is introduced in the single-phase heat transfer correlation. The augmented tube correlation scheme is applied to five sets of microfin tube flow boiling data available in literature. A single set of constants is found to correlate different refrigerant data sets obtained with the same microfin tube geometry. Parametric trends in heat transfer coefficient for microfin tubes obtained from the correlation are presented. It has been found that the enhancements in the nucleate boiling and the convective boiling contributions in the microfin tubes are influenced by the microfin geometry. To further improve the correlation capability for microfin tubes, it is recommended that single-phase heat transfer data should be obtained for that tube over a wide range of Reynolds number.
π-Fused bis-BODIPY as a candidate for NIR dyes (2012)

Benzene-fused bis-(borondipyrromethene)s (bis-BODIPYs) were synthesized by retro-Diels-Alder reaction of the corresponding bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene-fused (BCOD-fused) bis-BODIPYs, which were, in turn, prepared from 4,8-ethano-4,8-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-f]isoindole derivatives. The π-fused bis-BODIPY chromophores were designed to show intensive absorption and strong fluorescence in the near-infrared region and not to have any strong absorption in the visible region. A 6,10-dibora-5a,6a,9a,10a-tetraaza-s-indaceno[2,3-b:6,5-b']difluorene derivative (syn-bis-benzoBODIPY) obtained by a thermal retro-Diels-Alder reaction of the corresponding BCOD-fused BODIPY dimer has strong absorption and emission bands at 775 and 781 nm, respectively. The absolute quantum yield is 0.36. The absorption is more than 5.0 times stronger than other absorptions observed in the visible region. In the case of 6,15-dibora-5a,6a,14a,15a-tetraaza-s-indaceno[2,3-b:6,7-b']difluorene derivatives (anti-bis-benzoBODIPY), the absorption and emission maxima exceed 840 nm.
2-Hydroxyoleic Acid (2003)

Recent studies have shown that diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) from olive oil, a natural source of oleic acid, have beneficial effects on blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients. With this in mind, we investigated whether a synthetic derivative of the MUFA oleic acid, 2-hydroxyoleic acid (2-OHOA), was capable of regulating the BP of Sprague-Dawley rats. Intraperitoneal and oral administration of 2-OHOA to rats induced significant and sustained decreases in BP in a time-dependent manner. Without affecting heart rate, treatments for 7 days provoked reductions in systolic BP of 20 to 26 mm Hg. At the molecular level, the density of Galpha(s), but not Galpha(i2) or Galpha(o), increased in membranes from the hearts and aortas of 2-OHOA-treated rats, whereas in heart membranes, the density of Galpha(q)/11 and protein kinase Calpha proteins was also augmented. These molecular alterations were reflected in the increase in cAMP levels after Galpha(s) protein and beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation. On the contrary, inhibitory hormones reduced adenylyl cyclase activity to the same extent in 2-OHOA-treated rats as in vehicle-treated ones. Our results indicate that cardiovascular tissues from 2-OHOA-treated rats exhibited increased cAMP production in response to Galpha(s) activation, which might be attributed to enhanced expression of Galpha(s) proteins. As a result of this change, a significant reduction in systolic BP was observed. Therefore, BP can be lowered by administration of 2-OHOA, which might represent the first member of a new family of antihypertensive drugs.
c-Ha-rasVal 12 oncogene-transformed NIH-3T3 fibroblasts display more decondensed nucleosomal organization than normal fibroblasts. (1990)

We have compared the nucleosomal organization of c-Ha-rasVal 12 oncogene-transformed NIH-3T3 fibroblasts with that of normal fibroblasts by using micrococcal nuclease (MNase) as a probe for the chromatin structure. The bulk chromatin from asynchronously and exponentially growing ras-transformed cells was much more sensitive to MNase digestion than chromatin from the normal cells. Southern hybridization analyses of the MNase digests with probes specific for the ornithine decarboxylase (odc) and c-myc genes showed that the coding and/or 3' end regions of these growth-inducible genes carry a nucleosomal organization both in ras-transformed and normal cells. Studies with cells synchronized by serum starvation showed that in both cell lines the nucleosomal organization of chromatin is relatively condensed at the quiescent state, becomes highly decondensed during the late G1 phase of the cell cycle, and starts again to condense during the S phase. However, in ras-transformed cells the decondensation state stayed much longer than in normal cells. Moreover, irrespective of the phase of the cell cycle the bulk chromatin as well as that of the odc and c-myc genes was more sensitive to MNase digestion in the ras-transformed cell than in the normal fibroblast. Decondensation of the chromatin was also observed in the normal c-Ha-ras protooncogene-transfected cells, but to a lesser extent than in the mutant ras-transformed cells. Whether the increased degree of chromatin decondensation plays a regulatory role in the increased expression of many growth-related genes in the ras-transformed cells remains an interesting object of further study.
OBSERVATION OF OPTICAL NONLINEARITY DUE TO BAND-GAP RENORMALIZATION IN QUASI-TWO-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES (1988)

The contribution of the many-body effects in the Multiple Quantum-Wells Optical Nonlinearity has been isolated, allowing a direct measure of the second sub-band Band-Gap Renormalization. The results points out the limitations of the rigid shift model for Band-Gap Renormalization.
Die Frage (1968)

In den Schriften eines berühmten Philosophen findet sich die folgende Stelle: „Die Vernunft ist die Substanz wie die unendliche Macht, sich selbst der unendliche Stoff alles natürlichen und geistigen Lebens, wie die unendliche Form, die Betätigung dieses ihres Inhalts. Die Substanz ist sie, nämlich das, wodurch und worin alle Wirklichkeit ihr Sein und Bestehen hat.“.
Anisotropic <sup>2</sup>H-NMR spin-lattice relaxation in oriented bilayers of DMPC and DMPC + cholesterol (1992)

La RMN du deutérium permet d’accéder à l’amplitude et à la vitesse des mouvements de chaînes lipidiques dans des modèles membranaires. Les bicouches orientées, facilement obtenues par un empilement de lamelles couvre-objet de microscope insérées dans un tube de RMN de 10 mm, procurent une résolution et une sensibilité accrues (de l’ordre du mg de phospholipide), et permettent de mesurer les anisotropies du temps de relaxation longitudinale T1Z. Ces données sont fournies pour toutes les positions de la chaîne sn-2 pour des bicouches de dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) et de DMPC + 30 mol % cholestérol, à 313 K.
<title>Time-resolved optical phase space distributions for coherent backscatter</title> (2000)

We explore enhanced backscatter from a random medium using time-resolved optical phase space measurement, i.e. measurement ofjoint position and momentum (x, p) distributions of the light field as a function of propagation time in the medium. Enhanced backscatter is a coherent effect and is not predicted by radiative transport theories. By using a low-coherence source in a heterodyne detection scheme, we observe enhanced backscattering resolved by path length in the random medium, effectively providing timing resolution. Such time-resolved studies are important for exploring the evolution of optical coherence as a function of penetration depth in the random medium. Optical phase space methods provide a visual as well as quantitative method of characterizing the spatial coherence properties and wavefront curvature of the input and scattered fields. These techniques may provide new venues for using optical coherence in medical imaging.
Self-Interference Channel Characteristics of a 2x2 MIMO Full-Duplex Transceiver (2017)

This paper investigates the wideband self-interference (SI) channel characteristics for a 2×2 MIMO full-duplex (FD) transceiver with dual-polarized antennas. The measurements, carried out at 2.45GHz with 500MHz span in various environments: anechoic chamber, laboratory- room, and corridor, show that the SI-channel can be represented by a multipath model consisting of two segments: a quasistatic internal SI-sub-channel due to the specific Tx/Rx antenna structure and a time-varying or dynamic external SI-sub-channel due to possible reflections from the surrounding environment. The quasi-static internal SI-sub-channel parameters can be derived from the Tx/Rx antenna structure specifications. The dynamic external SI-channel exhibits cluster reflection arrival features and can be modeled by a modified Saleh-Valenzuela (S-V) model, and the cluster power decays exponentially with cluster arrival delay. However, the path power-versus-arrival delay decay is exponential in a laboratory-room environment while it follows the power law in a corridor environment.
Fundamental relationships between subjective quality, user acceptance, and the VMAF metric for a quality-based bit-rate ladder design for over-the-top video streaming services (2021)

A quality-based bit rate ladder design for over-the-top video streaming services is presented. Following the design criterion of maximizing subjective quality under the constraint of minimizing storage costs, the bit rate ladder is defined by three parameters. The first parameter is the lowest VMAF score at which a video signal is on average subjectively indistinguishable from the original video signal. Following the international recommendation ITU-R BT.500, extensive subjective tests were carried out to evaluate the fundamental relationships between the subjective quality and the VMAF score using a 4K OLED TV environment. Based on the test results, this VMAF score is set to 95. The second parameter is the lowest VMAF score being accepted on average by more than 50 % of the users for watching video signals of free streaming services. Additional tests yield in setting this VMAF score to 55. The third parameter is the maximum difference of two VMAF scores, for which the associated subjective qualities are approximately the same on average. In a third test, this difference is determined to be 2. This results in an ideal bit rate ladder providing each video signal in 21 qualities associated to the VMAF scores 95, 93, …, 57, 55. This bit rate ladder design can be applied to complete video signals occurring in per-title encoding strategies or to individual scenes of video signals occurring in per scene or shot-based encoding strategies. Applications using less than 21 renditions for this range, may suffer from impaired subjective quality
Skin-infiltrating neutrophils following exposure to solar-simulated radiation could play an important role in photoageing of human skin (2005)

Our study suggests that neutrophils participate in the process of photoageing of human skin as they infiltrate the skin and release enzymatically active elastase (neutrophil elastase), collagenase (MMP-1) and gelatinase (MMP-9).
Gp96 Peptide Antagonist gp96-II Confers Therapeutic Effects in Murine Intestinal Inflammation (2017)

gp96-II peptide protects against murine intestinal inflammation by regulating inflammation <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>, pointing to its promise as a novel treatment for inflammatory bowel disease.