gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of NHS Direct calls for surveillance of influenza--a second year's experience. (2002)

A second year's call data to NHS Direct are presented to evaluate their usefulness for influenza surveillance. During the winter of 2000-01, age-group-specific data relating to the 'cold/flu' algorithm were collected from six NHS Direct sites (population coverage: 16 million). The total number of calls was collected from all 23 NHS Direct sites on a daily basis. Despite the winter of 2000-01 having been a season of low activity for influenza in the United Kingdom, NHS Direct data demonstrated a peak in the 'cold/flu' calls as a proportion of the total calls (3.1% [672 'cold/flu' calls] during week 06/01). This coincided with the peak recorded by routine influenza surveillance systems. There was also an earlier peak in the proportion of 'cold/flu' calls (3.3% during weeks 52/00 [789 'cold/flu' calls] and 01/01 [749 'cold/flu' calls]) which may have been due to other respiratory infections, the lack of specificity of the definition of NHS Direct 'cold/flu' calls and an increase in 'out-of-hours' calls to NHS Direct at the time. Despite limitations, the timeliness of NHS Direct data, the total population coverage of the service and the ability to provide local information on 'cold/flu' calls make the call data suitable for further surveillance during the winter of 2001-02. It is hoped that as NHS Direct reaches a 'steady state' in terms of population coverage and uniformity of clinical support systems, it will be possible to begin to construct 'baselines' for the respiratory disease related call data.
Dr. Bird's Advice for Sad Poets by Evan Roskos (review) (2013)

Reviewed by: Dr. Bird's Advice for Sad Poets by Evan Roskos Karen Coats Roskos, Evan . Dr. Bird's Advice for Sad Poets. Houghton, 2013. [320p]. ISBN 978-0-547-92853-1 $16.99 Reviewed from galleys R Gr. 7-10. Despite his devotion to the celebratory poetry of Walt Whitman, sixteen-year-old James suffers from anxiety and depression, and his persistent thoughts of suicide lead him to believe that he suffers from more than garden-variety teen angst. His parents, however, disagree; exhausted by the constant rebellion of his older sister (now kicked out of the house), they categorize James as the normal one, a fantasy that he has colluded with to avoid the physical and verbal abuse they heaped upon his sister. Now, though, guilt has combined with his anger, depression, and anxiety, and he decides he needs more than his imaginary therapist, a human-sized pigeon who patiently listens to all of his complaints. James wants two things: to get his sister back where he thinks she belongs, in school and at home, and to have a real therapist who can help him with his anxiety. James is exuberant, both in his depression and his moments when the depression lifts to reveal a world that he really doesn't want to leave; he is witty in conversation with his friends, and he's not a [End Page 390] bad poet in his own right, even though it's clear that he is channeling Whitman whether he's narrating his stylized inner monologue in poetry or prose. Many teen readers will recognize their own mood swings as they are amplified through James' pendulum, and they'll be enlightened by his revelation that life can be possible and rewarding even when it's really hard. Copyright © 2013 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Fas Activate Complementary Fas-associated Death Domain-dependent Pathways That Enhance Apoptosis Induced by γ-Irradiation (2000)

Activation of either tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 or Fas induces a low level of programmed cell death in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. We have shown that LNCaP cells are entirely resistant to gamma-radiation-induced apoptosis, but can be sensitized to irradiation by TNF-alpha. Fas activation also sensitized LNCaP cells to irradiation, causing nearly 40% cell death 72 h after irradiation. Caspase-8 was cleaved and activated after exposure to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. However, after exposure to anti-Fas antibody caspase-8 cleavage occurred only between the 26-kDa N-terminal prodomain and the 28-kDa C-terminal region that contains the protease components. Although anti-Fas antibody plus irradiation induced apoptosis that could be blocked by the pancaspase inhibitor zVAD, there was no measurable caspase-8 activity after exposure to anti-Fas antibody. The effector caspases-6 and -7, and to a lesser extent caspase-3, were activated by TNF-alpha, but not by anti-Fas antibody. Anti-Fas antibody, like TNF-alpha also activated serine proteases that contributed to cell death. Exposure of LNCaP cells simultaneously to TNF-alpha and anti-Fas antibody CH-11 resulted in marked enhancement of apoptosis that occurred very rapidly and was still further augmented by irradiation. Rapid apoptosis that ensued from combined treatment with TNF-alpha, anti-Fas antibody, and irradiation was completely blocked either by zVAD or expression of dominant negative Fas-associated death domain. Our data shows that there are qualitative differences in caspase activation resulting from either TNF receptor 1 or Fas. Simultaneous activation of these receptors was synergistic and caused rapid epithelial cell apoptosis mediated by the caspase cascade.
Gene Ontology Consortium: going forward (2014)

The Gene Ontology (GO; http://www.geneontology.org) is a community-based bioinformatics resource that supplies information about gene product function using ontologies to represent biological knowledge. Here we describe improvements and expansions to several branches of the ontology, as well as updates that have allowed us to more efficiently disseminate the GO and capture feedback from the research community. The Gene Ontology Consortium (GOC) has expanded areas of the ontology such as cilia-related terms, cell-cycle terms and multicellular organism processes. We have also implemented new tools for generating ontology terms based on a set of logical rules making use of templates, and we have made efforts to increase our use of logical definitions. The GOC has a new and improved web site summarizing new developments and documentation, serving as a portal to GO data. Users can perform GO enrichment analysis, and search the GO for terms, annotations to gene products, and associated metadata across multiple species using the all-new AmiGO 2 browser. We encourage and welcome the input of the research community in all biological areas in our continued effort to improve the Gene Ontology.
Photothermal science and techniques (1996)

Introduction. History. Overview. Thermal waves. Optical generation of thermal waves - photothermal effect. Instrumentation and detection techniques. Transient thermal phenomena. Photoacoustic spectroscopy and its applications. Thermal wave non-destructive evaluation. Characterization of semiconducting materials. Thermal property measurement. Monitoring and measurement of gases and the atmosphere.
향기성분이 회수 , 첨가된 잼의 제조와 품질특성 (1993)

딸기 펄프를 Serum과 불용성 펄프로 분리하고 serum만 10%향기성분 회수·첨가하여 저온에서 감압농축후 제조합한 향미특성이 우수한 농축 딸기 펄프의 한 응용예로써, 향미품질을 그대로 유지시킨 파우치형태의 잼을 제조하는 새로운 공정을 개발하였다. 이 방법에 의해 제조된 쨈은 개방농축법에 의해 제조된 쨈에 비해 안토시아닌계 색소, vitamin C함량이 높았으며 GC 크로마토그램 상에서 피크의 갯수와 면적에서 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내었다 또한 표면색깔과 관능적인 품질 면에서도 월등히 우수하여 이 새로운 공정의 가능성이 매우 큰 것을 알 수 있었다.
Sodium periodate oxidation of tetrahydro‐β‐carboline derivatives (1989)

Abstract The oxidation of some 3‐(methoxy‐ and ethoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro‐β‐carboline derivatives with sodium periodate led to the formation of 1, 4‐benzodiazonine derivatives or fully aromatic β‐carbolines depending on both nature and number of substituents at 1‐position.
Visible light-driven photodecomposition system: preparation and application of highly dispersed Pt-loaded WO <sub>3</sub> microparticles (2011)

A visible light-driven photodecomposition system was prepared by loading Pt nanoparticles on the surface of commercial WO3 microparticles via an improved in situ photoreduction method. The obtained well-dispersed Pt/WO3 microparticles were characterised by various means. Under visible light irradiation, the Pt/WO3 microparticles exhibit higher photoactivity than N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. Pt shows almost no thermocatalytic activity towards the decomposition of organic compounds, and thus the high photoactivity of the catalysts can be attributed to the cooperation of Pt and WO3. The sample proved to be an efficient visible light-driven photocatalyst for the photodecomposition of the organic pollutant rhodamine B.
Finding relevant functions in millions of lines of code (2011)

Source code search engines locate and display fragments of code relevant to user queries. These fragments are often isolated and detached from one another. Programmers need to see how source code interacts in order to understand the concepts implemented in that code, however. In this paper, we present Portfolio, a source code search engine that retrieves and visualizes relevant functions as chains of function invocations. We evaluated Portfolio against Google Code Search and Koders in a case study with 49 professional programmers. Portfolio outperforms both of these engines in terms of relevance and visualization of the returned results.
Ambient Earth noise: A survey of the Global Seismographic Network (2004)

It has been a decade since the last comprehensive model of ambient Earth noise was published (Peterson, 1993). Since then, observations of ambient Earth noise from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Global Seismographic Network (GSN) of widely distributed, similarly equipped, and well‐calibrated stations have become available. The broad geographic sampling of this large data set and the ease of access to waveform data provided by the IRIS Data Management System facilitate analysis of global noise samples. We have analyzed data from the 118 GSN stations operating during the year July 2001 through June 2002. On the basis of over 738,000 hourly spectral estimates computed from these stations' data, we have developed a robust noise model that exhibits significant differences from previous models both in the normal mode and body wave bands. Our analysis technique has the advantage that we do not need to search for quiet periods but can include all data where the instruments are operating correctly.
개별화교육계획에 의한 교육과정 개별화 방안 연구 (2008)

본 연구는 본 연구는 개별화교육계획에 의한 교육과정 개별화 방안을 제시하여 학급의 수업과 개별화교육계획에 의한 해당 학생의 수업이 불일치가 발생하지 않도록 하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 선행연구를 고찰하고, 미국의 「장애인교육법」과 우리나라의「장애인 등에 대한 특수교육법」을 분석하는 방법으로 개별화교육계획의 교육과정적 기능, 교육과정 개별화를 위한 개별화교육계획의 과제, 그리고 개별화교육계획을 반영하여 학급 공통의 수업계획안을 수립하고 실행하는 방안을 제시하였다.
Automated testing of open software standards (2002)

This paper illustrates the power and flexibility of a new approach to creating conformance test suites for open systems software standards such as POSIX. The approach incorporates an automated process for the generation and validation of conformance tests. The automated process has been implemented and comprises key components of the Clemson Automated Testing System (CATS). CATS is a testing facility designed to provide a life-cycle support environment for the development of conformance tests. This paper introduces the CATS facility and presents examples of its use.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Surviving a computer disaster (1992)

We used to think of a business disaster as the inferno, tempest or flood that destroyed buildings, equipment and records vital to the running of a company. Of course, such disasters still happen, but an increasing number—indeed the majority—of disasters are less physical and more subtle.
<i>Methanocaldococcus jannaschii</i> Uses a Modified Mevalonate Pathway for Biosynthesis of Isopentenyl Diphosphate (2006)

Archaea have been shown to produce isoprenoids from mevalonate; however, genome analysis has failed to identify several genes in the mevalonate pathway on the basis of sequence similarity. A predicted archaeal kinase, coded for by the MJ0044 gene, was associated with other mevalonate pathway genes in the archaea and was predicted to be the "missing" phosphomevalonate kinase. The MJ0044-derived protein was tested for phosphomevalonate kinase activity and was found not to catalyze this reaction. The MJ0044 gene product was found to phosphorylate isopentenyl phosphate, generating isopentenyl diphosphate. Unlike other known kinases associated with isoprene biosynthesis, Methanocaldococcus jannaschii isopentenyl phosphate kinase is predicted to be a member of the aspartokinase superfamily.
Bit-serial VLSI implementation of delayed LMS adaptive FIR filters (1994)

The delayed least-mean-square (DLMS) algorithm is useful for adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filtering applications where high throughput rates are required. In the paper, a bit-serial bit-level systolic array based on new schemes for multiplication and inner-product computation is presented to implement DLMS adaptive N-tap FIR filters. The architecture is highly regular, modular, and thus well-suited to VLSI implementation. It has an efficiency of 100% and a throughput rate of one filter output per 2B cycles, where B is the word length of input data. In addition, the proposed array uses a small delay of [(4B+N/2+4)/2B] in the filter coefficient adaptation, where [x] is the smallest integer greater than or equal to x. This ensures that the DLMS algorithm can have good performance under proper selection of the step size. Based on a conservative design technique of static complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic, it is shown that the proposed system can be realized in a single chip for most practical applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The ABC Clinical Guide to Herbs (2003)

List of Tables Acknowledgements Underwriters General Notice and Disclaimer Introduction Learning Objectives Herb Chapters: Clinical Overviews, Patient Sheets and Single Herb Monographs Bilberry / Black Cohosh / Cat's Claw / Cayenne / Chamomile / Chaste Tree / Cranberry Echinacea / Eleuthero / Ephedra / Evening Primrose Oil / Feverfew / Flaxseed / Garlic Ginger / Ginkgo / Ginseng, American / Ginseng, Asian / Goldenseal / Hawthorn / Horse Chestnut Kava Kava / Licorice / Milk Thistle / Peppermint / Saw Palmetto / St. John's Wort / Tea, Black/Green Valerian Proprietary Products Introduction Monopreparations Pycnogenol (French Maritime Pine Bark Extract) Multi-herb Products Alluna / Enteroplant / Esberitox / Euvegal forte / Hochu-ekki-to / Hova / Liv. 52 / Nutrilite Padma Basic, 28 / Phytodolor / Prostagutt forte / Resistan / Sinupret Appendices: -Contributors -General Reference List -Cross References --Primary Uses --Contraindications --Pregnancy and Lactation --Adverse Effects --Herb Drug Interactions -Table of Clinically Tested Brands by Herb -Table of Company Contact Information for Commercial Products Used in Clinical Studies Interpreting Product Labels Market Report Abbreviations and Symbols Glossary Test Instructions and Forms For Receiving Credit General Index
A gas flow method for determination of in‐plane permeability of fiber preforms (2001)

Abstract Resin flow plays a crucial role in many composite manufacturing processes. The most important parameters used in modeling and designing mold filling are the permeability of the fibrous preform, which is a kind of flow conductance and a property of the reinforcement, and the viscosity of the resin. The extent reaction, or degree of cure, is also important and causes change of chemical during mold filling. To determine the permeability of fiber preform searchers have been using liquid flow analysis. In this study, a new scheme for determining permeability using gas flow is proposed. In conventional liquid flow methods, radial propagation of the polymer into a porous medium is measured and used to determine permeability, whereas in the gas flow method, the several different preform geometries is measured and used. The effectiveness of the gas flow method was verified by comparing it with conventional methods.
Electrochemistry of sulphur. Part 1.—Overpotential in the discharge of the sulphide ion (1957)

P. L. Allen and A. Hickling, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1957, 53, 1626 DOI: 10.1039/TF9575301626
Improving PCM Endurance with a Constant-Cost Wear Leveling Design (2016)

Improving PCM endurance is a fundamental issue when it is considered as an alternative to replace DRAM as main memory. Memory-based wear leveling (WL) is an effective way to improve PCM endurance, but its major challenge is how to efficiently determine the appropriate memory pages for allocation or swapping. In this article, we present a constant-cost WL design that is compatible with existing memory management. Two implementations, namely bucket-based and array-based WL, with constant-time (or nearly zero) search cost are proposed to be integrated into the OS layer and the hardware layer, respectively, as well as to trade between time and space complexity. The results of experiments conducted based on an implementation in Android, as well as simulations with popular benchmarks, to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed design are very encouraging.
An Analysis of Claim Experience in Private Health Insurance to Establish a Relation between Deductibles and Premium Rebates (1977)

Many studies concerning the frequency of claims by size in health insurance are not generally known). A possible explanation of this circumstance could be the fact that in most countries this line of insurance has been brought entirely within the ambit of social insurance. Also from the side of the social insurance very few investigations have been published). In this paper we will analyse the claim experience (relating, to the calendar year 1972) of a private health insurance business. The data have been subdivided according to three levels of coverage (in increasing order of benefits these are: class III, class IIb and class IIa). The claim payments comprise nursing costs, auxiliary costs and the fees for specialist treatment in and out of the hospital. We will use the following notations: S i : claim amount paid for the insured i in one year, n : number of claims, v : number of risks (policies insured). In many instances the premium is simply determined as a level premium. In other words each insured pays the premium p , calculated as follows: . Actually we make the assumption that the claims are normally distributed, the parameters of which can be estimated as follows: which permits the calculation of the premium according to: .
■ Review : The Mauthner Cell: What Has it Taught us? (2000)

The Mauthner cell (M-cell) is one of the few identifiable neurons in the vertebrate central nervous system. The ability to locate the M-cell, along with its inputs and outputs, has resulted in important findings in diverse areas of neurobiology including the molecular biology of neurons, synaptic and systems physiology, behavior, development, and neuroethology. The review provides a brief overview of the M-cell and then focuses on recent studies applying state-of-the-art techniques to address new issues and revisit old ones. One advantage of this preparation is the ability to conduct multidisciplinary studies from the subcellular to behavioral levels. For example, studies of activity-dependent changes in the strength of mixed electrotonic and chemical synapses on the M-cell's lateral dendrite in vivo have been correlated with changes in the probability of eliciting a fast startle response initiated by the M-cell and its associated circuits. Similarly, it is now possible to image the activity of the M-cell and its homologs while observing motor behavior in zebrafish larvae. These approaches will provide direct tests of the functional properties of complex neural networks. Moreover, molecular mechanisms that underlie neuronal development can be tested directly with this neuron and its segmental homologs, because these cells occur in singular pairs at defined locations. Finally, after spinal cord injury, the M-cell's axon regenerates, but does not follow its original course, and the startle response gradually recovers. The accessibility of the M-cell system offers the promise that strategies employed in restoring the function of a neural network will be revealed. Thus, we anticipate that the M-cell system will become a favored preparation for multidisciplinary studies on the neuronal basis of behavior and the recovery of behavior after injury. NEUROSCIENTIST 6:26-38, 2000
Cryptography and Computational Number Theory (2001)

This volume contains the refereed proceedings of the Workshop on Cryptography and Computational Number Theory, CCNT'99, which has been held in Singapore during the week of November 22-26, 1999. The workshop was organized by the Centre for Systems Security of the Na­ tional University of Singapore. We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Singapore National Science and Technology Board under the grant num­ ber RP960668/M. The idea for this workshop grew out of the recognition of the recent, rapid development in various areas of cryptography and computational number the­ ory. The event followed the concept of the research programs at such well-known research institutions as the Newton Institute (UK), Oberwolfach and Dagstuhl (Germany), and Luminy (France). Accordingly, there were only invited lectures at the workshop with plenty of time for informal discussions. It was hoped and successfully achieved that the meeting would encourage and stimulate further research in information and computer security as well as in the design and implementation of number theoretic cryptosystems and other related areas. Another goal of the meeting was to stimulate collaboration and more active interaction between mathematicians, computer scientists, practical cryptographers and engineers in academia, industry and government.
New Periodical (1985)

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Deep Brain Stimulation as Clinical Innovation (2016)

DBS, deep brain stimulationIRB, institutional review boardOCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Do Nutritional Supplements Have a Role in Age Macular Degeneration Prevention? (2014)

Purpose . To review the proposed pathogenic mechanisms of age macular degeneration (AMD), as well as the role of antioxidants (AOX) and omega-3 fatty acids ( ω -3) supplements in AMD prevention. Materials and Methods . Current knowledge on the cellular/molecular mechanisms of AMD and the epidemiologic/experimental studies on the effects of AOX and ω -3 were addressed all together with the scientific evidence and the personal opinion of professionals involved in the Retina Group of the OFTARED (Spain). Results . High dietary intakes of ω -3 and macular pigments lutein/zeaxanthin are associated with lower risk of prevalence and incidence in AMD. The Age-Related Eye Disease study (AREDS) showed a beneficial effect of high doses of vitamins C, E, beta-carotene, and zinc/copper in reducing the rate of progression to advanced AMD in patients with intermediate AMD or with one-sided late AMD. The AREDS-2 study has shown that lutein and zeaxanthin may substitute beta-carotene because of its potential relationship with increased lung cancer incidence. Conclusion . Research has proved that elder people with poor diets, especially with low AOX and ω -3 micronutrients intake and subsequently having low plasmatic levels, are more prone to developing AMD. Micronutrient supplementation enhances antioxidant defense and healthy eyes and might prevent/retard/modify AMD.