gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
4D-5 Lateral Field Excited High Frequency Bulk Acoustic Wave Sensors (2007)

The most popular bulk acoustic wave (BAW) sensor is the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) which has electrodes on both the top and bottom surfaces of an AT-cut quartz wafer. In the QCM the exciting electric field is primarily perpendicular to the crystal surface resulting in a thickness field excitation (TFE) of a resonant temperature compensated transverse shear mode (TSM). The TSM, however, can also be excited by lateral field excitation in which both electrodes are placed on one side of the wafer leaving a bare sensing surface exposed directly to a liquid or a chemi/bio selective layer allowing the detection of both mechanical and electrical property changes caused by a target analyte. The use of LFE sensors has motivated an investigation to identify other piezoelectric crystal orientations that could result in high frequency operation and hence increased sensitivity. In this work a theoretical search and experimental measurements are performed to identify the existence of high frequency temperature compensated TSMs in alpha-quartz and LiTaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (LTO). Prototype LFE sensors were fabricated and tested and found to be capable of operating at frequencies in excess of 1 GHz and displayed significant increases in sensitivity to both mechanical and electrical property changes in liquids.
Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Hot NaOH Solutions Under Heat Transfer Conditions (1982)

Corrosion of carbon steel immersed in boiling NaOH solutions under heat trasfer conditions was investigated electrochemically. The surfaces of these specimens after corrosion testing were also examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Carbon steel was fairly passive in NaOH solutions of 0.1, 1, and 5M in concentration under isothermal conditions, but it was corroded under heat transfer conditions. Localized corrosion, mostly pitting, took place when the caustic soda solutions became dilute. Localized high concentrations of caustic soda and nucleate boiling on the surface in the case of heat transfer, along with generation of mechanical stress in the oxide film are presumed to result in mechanical degradation of the oxide film and dissolution of both substrate and oxide.
Electroreflectance study of HgCdTe in the metal-insulator-semiconductor configuration at 77 K (1986)

Electroreflectance from Hg1−xCdxTe in the metal-insulator-semiconductor configuration at 77 K as a function of gate voltage has been investigated. We find the spectra consist of contributions from two considerably different compositions, one of which corresponds to semimetallic material (x≊0.1). The x≊0.1 component is a consequence of the passivation of the HgCdTe surface. There is some evidence that these two regions are distributed across the surface rather than in depth. In addition, the two components have different responses to the gate voltage. The higher composition region can be driven through a flat band while the lower composition portion cannot.
Adjuvant Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Advanced Primary Gastric Cancer (2006)

Adjuvant intraperitoneal chemotherapy for advanced primary gastric cancer has a strong rationale. Numerous reports have established benefit. Wider application of this treatment modality is necessary through education, through additional clinical trials, and through continued publications from peritoneal surface malignancy treatment centers around the world.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL ANTICANCER AGENTS PART 10, SYNTHESIS OF N‐(4‐(((2,4‐DIAMINO‐7‐PTERIDYL)METHYL)‐N(10)‐METHYLAMINO)BENZOYL)GLUTAMIC ACID (1974)

Abstract Aus dem Tetraamino‐pyrimidin (I) und Trichloraceton (II) entstehen die beiden Pteridine (III) und (IV), wobei bei pH 5,5‐6,0 (III), bei pH‐Werten unter 5,0 ein Gemisch aus den beiden Kondensaten erhalten wird.
The effect of viscoelasticity in an airway closure model (2021)

The closure of a human lung airway is modeled as a pipe coated internally with a liquid that takes into account the viscoelastic properties of mucus. For a thick enough coating, the Plateau-Rayleigh instability blocks the airway by the creation of a liquid plug, and the pre-closure phase is dominated by the Newtonian behavior of the liquid. Our previous study with a Newtonian-liquid model demonstrated that the bifrontal plug growth consequent to airway closure induces a high level of stress and stress gradients on the airway wall, which is large enough to damage the epithelial cells, causing sub-lethal or lethal responses. In this study, we explore the effect of the viscoelastic properties of mucus by means of the Oldroyd-B and FENE-CR model. Viscoelasticity is shown to be very relevant in the post-coalescence process, introducing a second peak of the wall shear stresses. This second peak is related to an elastic instability due to the presence of the polymeric extra stresses. For high-enough Weissenberg and Laplace numbers, this second shear stress peak is as severe as the first one. Consequently, a second lethal or sub-lethal response of the epithelial cells is induced.
Monoclonal antibody UJ 127:11 detects a 220,000‐240,000 kdal. Glycoprotein present on a sub‐set of neuroectodermally derived cells (1983)

The monoclonal antibody UJ 127-11 was raised following immunization of mice with human foetal brain and subsequent somatic cell hybridization of spleen cells with the mouse myeloma cell line P3-X63-Ag8-653. Studies on normal foetal and adult tissues show that, by indirect immunofluorescence, the antigen recognized by UJ 127:11 is restricted in its expression to cells of neural rather than glial origin. Neural tumours such as neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma and ganglioglioma (neural component) bind the monoclonal antibody whereas malignancies originating from glial cells do not bind UJ 127:11. Biochemically the monoclonal antibody has been shown to bind to a glycoprotein of 220,000-240,000 mol. wt. under reducing and non-reducing conditions. Despite similarities in the molecular weight between human fibronectin and the antigen recognized by UJ 127:11, they have different serological and biochemical characteristics, suggesting that the monoclonal antibody is not binding to either cell or plasma fibronectin.
Synthesis, Structure and Hydrolysis Studies of Dimethyltris(Trimethylsilyl)Methylmetallanes of Aluminium and Gallium (1997)

Abstract The reactions of [(Me 3 Si) 3 CLi2thf] with Me 2 MCl (M = Al, Ga) afford the mixed trialkylmetallanes [(Me 3 Si) 3 ‐CAlMe 2 ·thf] ( 1 ) and [(Me 3 Si) 3 CGaMe 2 ·thf] ( 2 ) in high yields. The coordinated THF molecule of compound 2 can be removed by sublimation in vacuo to yield the solvent‐free product [(Me 3 Si) 3 ‐CGaMe 2 ] ( 3 ). Hydrolysis of compound 2 with one equivalent of water at 0°C gives the trimeric hydroxide [{(Me 3 Si) 3 CGaMe(μ‐OH)} 3 ] ( 4 ), while the reaction with two equivalents of water at room temperature yields the unusually stable gallium hydroxide‐water complex [{(Me 3 Si) 3 CGaMe(OH)(μ‐OH)MeGaC(SiMe 3 ) 3 ) H 2 O·2thf] ( 6 ). On heating, compound 6 is converted to the hydroxide [{(Me 3 Si) 3 C} 4 Ga 4 (μ‐O) 2 (μ ‐OH) 4 ] ( 5 ), which has a heteroadamantane‐like core. The hydrolysis of compound 1 with one equivalent of water at − 25°C gives the dimeric hydroxide [{(Me 3 Si) 3 CAlMe(μ‐OH)} 2 ·2thf] ( 7 ), while the reaction with two equivalents of water results in the formation of the novel hydroxide [{(Me 3 Si) 3 C} 4 Al 4 (μ‐O) 2 (μ‐OH) 4 ] ( 8 ), which is isostructural to the gallium compound 6 with the adamantane‐like structure. The molecular structures of compounds 1, 2, 4, 5 ·3THF, 6, 7 and 8 ·0.5 THF have been determined by X‐ray structure analysis. Compound 7 is the first structurally characterised aluminium hydroxide containing methyl groups, and 8 is the smallest structurally characterised galloxane hydroxide described in literature.
Special type of a bound state of a proton and a heavy atom (2006)

It is established within the Thomas-- Fermi model that a special type of bound state of a proton with a heavy atom should exist. On the one hand, the electrons of the atom screen the proton's field. This decreases the repulsion force between the proton and the nucleus. On the other hand, the attraction force between the proton and the electrons is directed towards the gradient of the electron density, i. e. towards the nucleus. For Z=80 both forces become equal at approximately 0.6a where a is the Bohr radius. The corresponding minimum of the proton potential energy is in the region of negative energies that can be of the order of several tens of eV. In contrast to the ordinary molecules where a coupling with a hydrogen atom is due to an essential modification of one or several states of the outer electrons we consider a special effect that is a collective response of the whole system of inner electrons to the potencial of a proton that is well inside the heavy atom.
Power, Emotion, and Judgmental Accuracy in Social Conflict: Motivating the Cognitive Miser (1998)

Abstract This investigation examined whether ideological opponents' emotion and relative power in a conflict would influence the accuracy with which they judge their own side's and their opponents' attitudes. Based on accounts linking power and emotion to perceptual vigilance, we proposed that opposing partisans will be prone to stereotype their opponents as extremists, as the result of a heuristic, effort-saving strategy, unless motivated by lower relative power or increased emotion to make more accurate judgments. We predicted that members of powerful groups would judge the views of other groups inaccurately, that all groups would have inaccurate views of less powerful groups, and that high levels of negative emotion with regard to the conflict would be associated with more accurate judgments. Two studies yielded certain findings consistent with these predictions. In Study 1, powerful majority partisans were less accurate judges but more accurately judged than less powerful minority partisans across two social issues. Study 2 focused on two activist groups embroiled in a conflict over status and funding within the university setting, the power being held a Gay Pride group. Consistent with hypotheses, a self-reported sense of power and reduced negative emotion were both associated with reduced judgmental accuracy. Discussion focused on the underlying mechanisms that might account for the effects of power and emotion upon social judgment and the social implications of these asymmetries in judgmental accuracy.
Somatic cell reprogramming-free generation of genetically modified pigs (2016)

Genetically modified pigs for biomedical applications have been mainly generated using the somatic cell nuclear transfer technique; however, this approach requires complex micromanipulation techniques and sometimes increases the risks of both prenatal and postnatal death by faulty epigenetic reprogramming of a donor somatic cell nucleus. As a result, the production of genetically modified pigs has not been widely applied. We provide a simple method for CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 gene editing in pigs that involves the introduction of Cas9 protein and single-guide RNA into in vitro fertilized zygotes by electroporation. The use of gene editing by electroporation of Cas9 protein (GEEP) resulted in highly efficient targeted gene disruption and was validated by the efficient production of Myostatin mutant pigs. Because GEEP does not require the complex methods associated with micromanipulation for somatic reprogramming, it has the potential for facilitating the genetic modification of pigs.
Effects of Bilirubin on Cerebral Arterial Tone in vitro (1989)

Hemoglobin and its metabolite, bilirubin, have been shown to be present in high concentrations in CSF following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Several reports have indicated that hemoglobin is a potent cerebral vasoconstrictor and therefore is considered to be an active principle in the genesis of cerebral vasospasm. The possible role of bilirubin on the genesis of cerebral vasospasm, however, has not been clarified. The effect of bilirubin on cerebral vessel tone was therefore examined using in vitro tissue bath techniques. Bilirubin (10(-5)-3 X 10(-5) M) induced strong constriction of cerebral arteries from the cat, dog, and pig. The vasoconstriction returned to baseline after bilirubin was washed by prewarmed Krebs solution. Vasomotor responses to various vasoactive substances were then examined after bilirubin was washed away (the bilirubin postwash effect). Norepinephrine (NE)-induced but not serotonin- or acetylcholine (ACh)-induced constrictions were significantly potentiated by bilirubin postwash effect. The potentiated NE-induced constriction was attenuated by yohimbine but not by prazosin. This enhanced vasoconstriction was mimicked by clonidine but not by phenylephrine, suggesting that the potentiation of NE-induced constriction by the bilirubin postwash effect was mediated by the alpha 2-adrenoceptor subtype. The bilirubin postwash effect also resulted in blockade of endothelium-dependent vasodilations induced by A-23147, ACh, and ATP without affecting relaxations induced by direct muscle relaxants such as beta-adrenoceptors, papaverine, and sodium nitroprusside. These results indicate that bilirubin induces direct vasoconstriction, potentiates alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilation. These actions of bilirubin may promote an enhanced overall vasoconstriction in vivo. Bilirubin, therefore, may be involved in the genesis of cerebral vasospasm following SAH.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND SOME PROPERTIES OF SUBSTITUTED 4,5‐CYCLOPENTANO‐Δ2‐ISOXAZOLINES (1976)

Abstract Cyclopentenon (I) reagiert mit den Nitriloxiden (II) in situ zu Gemischen der Cyclopentanoisoxazoline (III) und (IV).
PATIENTS PREVIOUSLY DIAGNOSED WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS (1995)

Wilson, D. C.; Durie, P. R.; Ellis, L.; Corey, M.; Knowles, M. R; Tsui, L. -C.; Tullis, E.; Ip, W.; Levison, H.; Zielenski, J. Author Information
Efficacy of Various Natural and Synthetic Androgens to Induce Ductal Branching Morphogenesis in the Developing Anterior Rat Prostate**This work was supported by NIH Grants DK-45861, DK-52708, CA-64872, and CA-59831. (1999)

The studies presented herein quantitated ductal branching morphogenesis in the anterior prostate (AP) of the newborn rat. Four parameters were measured: epithelial area, epithelial perimeter, node number, and form factor. Nine natural and synthetic androgens were tested for their effectiveness in inducing postnatal prostatic development using 808 newborn rat APs in 68 dose-response experiments. Based on these studies it was shown that testosterone (T) was slightly more effective than dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in supporting ductal branching morphogenesis in the developing rat AP. Furthermore, the activity of T could not be accounted for simply by conversion of T to DHT. Synthetic androgens, 7alpha-methyl-19-nortestosterone and methyltrienolone (R1881), which cannot be 5alpha-reduced to DHT, also induced extensive ductal branching and elicited responses less than those to T and not statistically different from those to DHT. This suggests that although DHT is sufficient for prostatic development, it is not necessary for postnatal ductal branching morphogenesis and growth of the prostate. 5Alpha-androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol was particularly potent in inducing ductal branching, eliciting a response greater than or comparable to those of T and DHT. Androsterone, androstanedione, 5alpha-androstan-3beta,17beta-diol and 5beta-androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol induced ductal branching, but to a lesser extent than either T or DHT. These studies challenge the assumption that DHT is essential for prostatic development, specifically during ductal branching morphogenesis of the neonatal rat prostate.
Statistical examination of climatological data relevant to global temperature variation (1992)

The research group at Southern Methodist University has been involved in the examination of climatological data as specified in the proposal. Our efforts have resulted in three papers which have been submitted to scholarly journals, as well as several other projects which should be completed either during the next six months or next year. In the following, we discuss our results to date along with projected progress within the next six months. Major topics discussed in this progress report include: testing for trend in the global temperature data; (2) defining and estimating mean global temperature change; and, (3) the effect of initial conditions on autoregressive models for global temperature data.
On comparing statistical and set-based methods in sensor data fusion (2002)

The theoretical and practical considerations of two common sensor data fusion methodologies (set based and statistically based parameter estimation) are compared. Their convergence behavior for a variety of simulated problems is examined. Robot localization systems implemented using both methods are described, and their performance is compared. It is concluded that set-based methods have performance that sometimes exceeds that of statistical methods, although this result is highly problem-dependent. These problem dependencies are characterized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Atrial electrical activity detection in the 12-lead ECG using synthetic atrial activity signals (2012)

A significant key for the success of arrhythmia diagnosis using ECG is detecting the atrial electrical activity (AEA). Despite extensive research, there is a diagnostic problem in detecting AEA in some arrhythmias, especially when the AEA-wave is hidden in other waves. Our proposed method utilizes the well-known linear combiner usually used for noise reduction, and adapted it for AEA detection. The physician/user marks one prominent AEA segment. Then, a synthetic signal is created that contains an isoelectric line in addition to a Gaussian in the delineated segment. The 6 precordial leads, lead I, and lead II, serve as reference signals, so by finding the appropriate weight coefficients, their linear combination is forced to converge to a signal that is similar to the AEA signal. At the final stage, the resulting signal is band-pass filtered and the peaks higher than a certain threshold are determined to be AEA-waves. Sensitivity of 94.0% and precision of 90.2% were achieved in detecting AEA from the standard 12-lead ECG for various arrhythmia types.
New approaches to neuroimaging of central nervous system inflammation (2010)

Cellular and targeted molecular MRI provides important insights into the dynamics of neuroinflammation.
Learning Structured Models for Phone Recognition (2007)

We present a maximally streamlined approach to learning HMM-based acoustic models for automatic speech recognition. In our approach, an initial monophone HMM is iteratively refined using a split-merge EM procedure which makes no assumptions about subphone structure or context-dependent structure, and which uses only a single Gaussian per HMM state. Despite the much simplified training process, our acoustic model achieves state-of-the-art results on phone classification (where it outperforms almost all other methods) and competitive performance on phone recognition (where it outperforms standard CD triphone / subphone / GMM approaches). We also present an analysis of what is and is not learned by our system. 1
Hepatitis C virus in Zimbabwe. (1997)

Seropositivity for hepatitis C is common and is approximately half the prevalence of hepatitis B chronic carrier status. Chronic hepatitis C may be more damaging to the liver than chronic hepatitis B and, therefore, may be an important cause of liver disease in rural Zimbabwe.
Reactivation of a Poisoned Metallocene Catalyst by Irradiation with Visible Light (2002)

Both oxygen and carbon dioxide are efficient catalyst poisons, remarkably reducing the ethylene polymerisation rate, increasing the molecular weight of the resulting polyethylene, and broadening its molecular weight distribution (MWD). By introducing visible light into the contaminated polymerisation system, the catalyst activity was totally recovered. The molecular weight and MWD became similar to those of a non-poisoned system, supporting the formation of new active sites during poisoning that are responsible for the lower activity and broader MWD.
Ticagrelor Effectively and Reversibly Blocks Murine Platelet P2Y <sub>12</sub> -Mediated Thrombosis and Demonstrates a Requirement for Sustained P2Y <sub>12</sub> Inhibition to Prevent Subsequent Neointima (2010)

Ticagrelor effectively and reversibly inhibits P2Y(12)-mediated platelet function and thrombosis in mice. P2Y(12) inhibition is required both at the time of and after injury to effectively inhibit neointima formation. Additional studies are warranted to evaluate the role of P2Y(12) inhibition in preventing restenosis.
Deglutitive laryngeal closure in stroke patients (2006)

After stroke, duration of laryngeal delay and degree of sensory deficit are associated with the severity of aspiration. These findings indicate a role for sensorimotor interactions in control of swallowing and have implications for the assessment and management of dysphagia after stroke.
A tissue adhesives evaluated <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> analysis (2010)

In this study, three kinds of two-component adhesive glues were prepared, namely, gel-dext glue made from modified gelatin and dextran, gel-HES glue made from modified gelatin and hydroxyethyl starch (HES), and chit-dext glue made from chitosan and modified dextran. Upon mixing the two-component solution together crosslinking occurred and a gel formed in several seconds, which would seal the wound tissue and stop the bleeding. The adhesive ability of those three prepared glues was evaluated in vitro and in vivo separately by measuring the bonding strength to two piece of porcine skin and the adhesive strength after sealing the skin incisions on the back of rat. Fibrin glue was used as comparing. Gel-dext glue and gel-HES glue shown higher bonding strength and adhesive strength than chit-dext glue and fibrin glue. Histology test of incision tissues given by both HE and MTC methods, the former shown that gel-dext and gel-HES glues, like fibrin glue, have only normal initial inflammation to skin tissue, which almost disappear from 9 days but chit-dext glue seams have heaver inflammation, which may last to 12 days; the later shown gel-dext and gel-HES glues similar to fibrin glue, can heal the wound fast than that of chit-dext glue. The hemostatic ability for gel-HES glue was also tested on a cut liver of rat, which depend on the gel formation speed when the two-composite solutions were mixed together. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Adiabatic optical bus for long-range coupling between silicon photonic waveguides (2014)

We present a new approach to planar photonic interconnects based on spatial adiabatic passage between thin ridge silicon waveguides. Our approach provides robust coupling between arbitrary pairs of well-separated waveguides across a single chip, potentially bypassing intermediate waveguides and structures. This new technique presents opportunities for waveguide routing and device topologies that cannot be achieved using traditional evanescent coupling, while remaining compatible with conventional CMOS fabrication techniques.