gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A birthmark-based method for intellectual software asset management (2014)

The software industry has been increasingly aware of the need to employ copyright protection techniques against software piracy or illegal distribution. Recently, as the value of software as intellectual property grows, so does the rate of global software piracy. Software piracy is a real threat to software industry. Moreover, Pirated software is more vulnerable to attacks since such software is less likely to be supported with critical security patches and updates. In this paper, we propose a birthmark-based software asset management technique to keep track of the lists and licenses of software assets (on desktop computers, servers, and intranet network components), and then assure the legal use and regular inspection of software assets. A software birthmark is the inherent and unique program characteristics that can identify a program. Using software birthmark, we investigate what kinds of software are installed on the system, whether software is purchased from a vendor or pirated, etc. The proposed technique can (1) control copyright infringement of software and protect software intellectual property based on software birthmark, (2) reduce cyber vulnerability by letting employees use legal software, and (3) reduce the software management cost of organizations.
An oxygen electrode‐based assay of catalase activity as a rapid method for estimating the bacterial content of foods (1989)

An oxygen electrode‐based assay of catalase was developed as a simple method of assessing contamination by bacteria capable of respiration. The method gave a rapid and reasonable quantification of cell numbers in pure cultures and was able to detect 10 3 bacteria/ml in some cases. The sensitivity of the method was dependent on the identity of the culture and when applied to foods the sensitivity was reduced due to the presence of non‐microbial catalase. The use of electropositively charged filters to remove the organisms from the food sample improved the sensitivity and the relationship between catalase activity and cell numbers in some foods.
Dually residuated $\ell$-monoids having no non-trivial convex subalgebras (2006)

summary:In this note we describe the structure of dually residuated $\ell $-monoids ($\mathit{DR}\ell $-monoids) that have no non-trivial convex subalgebras.
Event-Based Mobile Social Networks: Services, Technologies, and Applications (2014)

Event-based mobile social networks (MSNs) are a special type of MSN that has an immanently temporal common feature, which allows any smart phone user to create events to share group messaging, locations, photos, and insights among participants. The emergence of Internet of Things and event-based social applications integrated with context-awareness ability can be helpful in planning and organizing social events like meetings, conferences, and tradeshows. This paper first provides review of the event-based social networks and the basic principles and architecture of event-based MSNs. Next, event-based MSNs with smartphone contained technology elements, such as context-aware mobility and multimedia sharing, are presented. By combining the feature of context-aware mobility with multimedia sharing in event-based MSNs, event organizers, and planners with the service providers optimize their capability to recognize value for the multimedia services they deliver. The unique features of the current event-based MSNs give rise to the major technology trends to watch for designing applications. These mobile applications and their main features are described. At the end, discussions on the evaluation of the event-based mobile applications based on their main features are presented. Some open research issues and challenges in this important area of research are also outlined.
Current and future directions in medical therapy (2000)

Bisphosphonates have become the standard treatment for cancer hypercalcemia. Success is achieved in more than 90% of the cases. Other classes of compounds are being tested for their antiosteoclastic activity, and animal studies suggest that osteoprotegerin could be as efficient and act faster than bisphosphonates.
A principled approach to bridging the gap between RDF data and their schemas. (2013)

Although RDF graphs have schema information associated with them, in practice it is very common to find cases in which data do not fully conform to their schema. A prominent example of this is DBpedia, which is RDF data extracted from Wikipedia, a publicly editable source of information. In such situations, it becomes interesting to study the structural properties of the actual data, because the schema gives an incomplete description of the organization of a dataset. In this paper we have approached the study of the structuredness of an RDF graph in a principled way: we propose a framework for specifying structuredness functions, which gauge the degree to which an RDF graph conforms to a schema. In particular, we first define a formal language for specifying structuredness functions with expressions we call rules. This language allows a user or a database administrator to state a rule to which an RDF graph may fully or partially conform. Then we consider the issue of discovering a refinement of a sort (type) by partitioning the dataset into subsets whose structuredness is over a specified threshold. In particular, we prove that the natural decision problem associated to this refinement problem is NP-complete, and we provide a natural translation of this problem into Integer Linear Programming (ILP). Finally, we test this ILP solution with two real world datasets, DBpedia Persons and WordNet Nouns, and 4 different and intuitive rules, which gauge the structuredness in different ways. The rules give meaningful refinements of the datasets, showing that our language can be a powerful tool for understanding the structure of RDF data.
The Immunopathology of Sepsis: Pathogen Recognition, Systemic Inflammation, the Compensatory Anti-Inflammatory Response, and Regulatory T Cells (2012)

Sepsis, the systemic inflammatory response to infection, represents the major cause of death in critically ill veterinary patients. Whereas important advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of this syndrome have been made, much remains to be elucidated. There is general agreement on the key interaction between pathogen-associated molecular patterns and cells of the innate immune system, and the amplification of the host response generated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. More recently, the concept of immunoparalysis in sepsis has also been advanced, together with an increasing recognition of the interplay between regulatory T cells and the innate immune response. However, the heterogeneous nature of this syndrome and the difficulty of modeling it in vitro or in vivo has both frustrated the advancement of new therapies and emphasized the continuing importance of patient-based clinical research in this area of human and veterinary medicine.
Latent Palmprint Matching (2008)

The evidential value of palmprints in forensic applications is clear as about 30 percent of the latents recovered from crime scenes are from palms. While biometric systems for palmprint-based personal authentication in access control type of applications have been developed, they mostly deal with low-resolution (about 100 ppi) palmprints and only perform full-to-full palmprint matching. We propose a latent-to-full palmprint matching system that is needed in forensic applications. Our system deals with palmprints captured at 500 ppi (the current standard in forensic applications) or higher resolution and uses minutiae as features to be compatible with the methodology used by latent experts. Latent palmprint matching is a challenging problem because latent prints lifted at crime scenes are of poor image quality, cover only a small area of the palm, and have a complex background. Other difficulties include a large number of minutiae in full prints (about 10 times as many as fingerprints), and the presence of many creases in latents and full prints. A robust algorithm to reliably estimate the local ridge direction and frequency in palmprints is developed. This facilitates the extraction of ridge and minutiae features even in poor quality palmprints. A fixed-length minutia descriptor, MinutiaCode, is utilized to capture distinctive information around each minutia and an alignment-based minutiae matching algorithm is used to match two palmprints. Two sets of partial palmprints (150 live-scan partial palmprints and 100 latent palmprints) are matched to a background database of 10,200 full palmprints to test the proposed system. Despite the inherent difficulty of latent-to-full palmprint matching, rank-1 recognition rates of 78.7 and 69 percent, respectively, were achieved in searching live-scan partial palmprints and latent palmprints against the background database.
Tutorial (2013)

Software-defined networking (SDN) is a recent development in the area of communication networks with tremendous support by key players building the next generation of computer hardware and software. This development will have significant impact on how communication middleware---in particular, future distributed event-based systems---can be designed. While currently the communication middleware has no possibility to directly influence the properties of its underlying communication channels on the network layer, SDN enables communication middleware to control and flexibly adapt the forwarding of communication flows in the underlying network. In addition to the immediate implication to local area networks such as data center networks, campus networks, or company networks, novel trends like network virtualization may even support Internet-wide distributed applications to benefit from SDN in the future. This paper gives an introduction on how to utilize SDN-concepts for improving the performance of event-based middleware and to test their behavior.
Management of advanced colorectal cancer: state of the art (2006)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) caused over 500 000 deaths worldwide in 2002. Recent advances in the treatment of advanced disease include the incorporation of two new cytotoxic agents, irinotecan and oxaliplatin, into first-line regimens. The concept of planned sequential therapy involving three active agents during the course of a patient's treatment is evolving. Coupled with the integrated use of targeted monoclonal antibodies, we can now expect overall survival rates for advanced disease to exceed 20 months. This review considers current treatments and suggests where future progress may occur.
Detection of Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule in the Serum of Breast Cancer Patients and Implications for Prognosis (2012)

Our results indicate that sALCAM can be detected in the serum of patients with primary breast cancer. Elevated serum levels might indicate more aggressive tumor behavior as they might be an independent factor for a worse prognosis in breast cancer patients.
Optimizing Diagnosis and Management in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s Disease (2012)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive declines in cognitive function and ability to carry out activities of daily living; and the emergence and worsening of behavioral/neuropsychiatric symptoms. While there is no cure for AD, non-pharmacologic interventions and medications that modulate neurotransmission can slow symptomatic progression. Medical foods may also be useful as adjuncts to pharmacologic agents in AD. Medium chain triglycerides aimed at improving cerebral metabolism significantly improve Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive scores when added to ongoing pharmacotherapy in patients with mild-to-moderate AD. Combination of interventions, such as non-pharmacologic treatments, pharmacotherapy, and medical foods, with complementary mechanisms of action may provide a rational approach that may result in maximum preservation of cognitive function in patients with AD.
Writing Interactive Compilers and Interpreters (1979)

A simple yet practical examination of how to implement an interactive programming language. Reviews how techniques and challenges differ from traditional non-interactive languages; balances material for planning/performing the task with underlying theoretical principles; assumes no more than an ability to program and a familiarity with interactive working.
Expected nucleation effects of carboxylic acid salts on poly(1-butene) (2016)

9,10-Dihydro-9,10-ethano-anthracene-11,12-dicarboxylic acid disodium salt (DHEAS) was synthesized and used as a nucleating agent for poly(1-butene) (iPB). The isothermal crystallization kinetics of iPB having different nucleating agents were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). The results showed that the nucleating agents increased the crystallization temperature and the crystallization rate and shortened the crystallization half-time (t1/2). As well, the nucleating agents could be used as heterogeneous nuclei in the iPB matrix and decreased the size of iPB. When the nucleating agent was DHEAS, the crystallization temperature of iPB was up to 93.6°C which was higher than that of other nucleating agents for iPB and pure iPB. The crystallization half-time in the presence of DHEAS was 0.58 min which was less than that of other nucleating agents for iPB and pure iPB. In this case, the spherulitic size of iPB was the smallest and the morphology was changed, which indicated that DHEAS displayed better nucleation effect among the studied nucleating agents.
Geographic patterns & relationships (1999)

The ESRI Guide to GIS Analysis, Volume 1, demonstrates how geographic analysis with GIS can identify patterns, relationships, and trends that lead to better decision making. Using examples from various industries, this book focuses on six of the most common geographic analysis tasks: mapping where things are, mapping the most and least, mapping density, finding what is inside, finding what is nearby, and mapping what has changed. Written for both new and experienced GIS users, this book builds a foundation of the basic tasks needed to handle a wide range of analysis applications.
Defining and Quantifying Elasticity of Resources in Cloud Computing and Scalable Platforms (2011)

Elasticity is the ability of a software system to dynamically scale the amount of the resources it provides to clients as their workloads increase or decrease. Elasticity is praised as a key advantage of cloud computing, where computing resources are dynamically added and released. However, there exists no concise or formal definition of elasticity, and thus no approaches to quantify it have been developed so far. Existing work on cloud computing is limited to the technical view of implementing elastic systems, and definitions or scalability have not been extended to cover elasticity. In this report, we present a detailed discussion of elasticity, propose techniques for quantifying and measuring it, and outline next steps to be taken for enabling comparisons between cloud computing offerings on the basis of elasticity. We also present preliminary work on measuring elasticity of resource pools provided by the Java Virtual Machine.
Joint estimation of time delay and Doppler ratio from broadband data using discrete estimation techniques (1991)

An innovative technique to detect and track a target that radiates predominantly broadband energy is presented. The signal is modeled as a broadband Gaussian process that is observed on two spatially distributed sensors. The noise at each sensor is assumed to be an independent, additive Gaussian process. The time series data observed at the sensors depends on both target Doppler and time delay. This study modeled both Doppler and time delay, using a discrete two-dimensional probability density function (PDF) to describe the statistical behavior of Doppler and time delay. Joint estimation of both parameters improves the signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the receiver, and therefore provides a more reliable estimate of differential time delay than if Doppler were ignored.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Delivering online advertisements inside images (2008)

We present in this paper a new channel to deliver online advertisements along with Web images and show a new business model to monetize billions of Web images. The idea is intuitively inspired by image displaying processes on the Web, which typically require people to wait a few seconds before they see full resolution images. This is due to large file sizes and limited network bandwidth. To utilize idle time and the display area, we propose an innovative method for non-intrusively embedding ads into images in a visually pleasant manner. To maintain a smooth user experience, we utilize the thumbnail of the full-resolution image because it is small and visually similar to the full-resolution image. At the client side, a rendering engine first enlarges and blurs the thumbnail, and then blends the pre-chosen ads information into the enlarged image. Based on this idea, we propose three typical scenarios that can adopt the proposed image-advertising mode. More importantly, we can encourage providers of images or other users to participate in our online image ads service by tagging or annotating images. We envision revenue sharing with the providers participating in our service, and we expect that a large number of users will actively submit, tag and annotate images using the system. We have implemented a prototype image ads system, and conducted a series of experiments and user studies to evaluate such a new advertisement channel. The experimental results and user studies show that the proposed online image ad delivery is a non-intrusive ads mode, and the proposed solution is practical. This work also opens multiple new research directions ranging from multimedia to web data mining
<i>N</i><sup>4</sup>,5-Dimethyl-2'-deoxycytidine (1998)

In the title molecule (C11H17N3O4) the pyrimidine ring adopts the anticlinal (-ac) conformation [χ = 245.10 (18)°]. The deoxyribose sugar ring has the C2′-endo (2E) envelope conformation. The pseudorotational parameters of the deoxyribose sugar ring are P = 168.92 (2)° and τm = 33.86 (2)°. The exocyclic side chain at C5′ has the g+ conformation [γ = 55.0 (2)°].
Proof nets for controlling ambiguity in natural language processing (2002)

We propose the use of two kinds of constraints in order to control the evaluation of ambiguous structures. The first ones concern the immediate context of the words. In case of ambiguity, these constraints form a network controlling an ambiguous area. The second kind of constraint relies on descriptions of the elementary trees that can be attached to the words. Such descriptions, called unary quasitrees, allow the representation of the dependency relations between the words. They form a proof net on which a filtering method can be applied in order to reduce the number of constraints. The elaboration of the constraint networks and its simplification rely on information available at the lexical level. So, the method presented here simplifies the control of the disambiguation without doing an actual parse and can be reused whatever the linguistic formalism.
Indirect estimation of cycle time quantiles from discrete event simulation models using the Cornish-Fisher expansion (2004)

We introduce a new technique for estimating cycle time quantiles from discrete event simulation models run at a single traffic intensity. The Cornish-Fisher expansion is used as a vehicle for this approximation, and it is shown that for an M/M/1 system and a full factory simulation model, the technique provides accurate results with low variability for the most commonly estimated quantiles without requiring unreasonable sample sizes. Additionally, the technique provides the advantages of being easy to implement and providing multiple cycle time quantiles from a single set of simulation runs.
Concepts in conceptual clustering (1987)

Although it has a relatively short history, conceptual clustering is an especially active area of research in machine learning. There are a variety of ways in which conceptual patterns (the AI contribution to clustering) play a role in the clustering process. Two distinct conceptual clustering paradigms (conceptual sorting of exemplars and concept discovery) are described briefly. Then six types of conceptual clustering algorithms are characterized, attempting to cover the present spectrum of mechanisms used to conceptualize the clustering process.
A Novel Double-Stator Double-Rotor Brushless Electrical Continuously Variable Transmission System (2013)

A novel double-stator, double-rotor brushless electrical continuously variable transmission (E-CVT) system is proposed. This machine incorporates an inner stator which can fully utilize the space inside the inner rotor so as to reduce the volume of the machine. This design is based on magnetic flux modulating and magnetic gear effect to make the E-CVT system work in different operating modes. Different control modes of this proposed machine are also discussed and analyzed, including pure electric mode, hybrid mode, and battery charging mode. Time-stepping finite element method (TS-FEM) is used to analyze the dynamic performance of the machine. TS-FEM simulation results are reported to verify the validity of the proposed design.
An improved leucocidin toxoid. (1973)

A new preparation of leucocidin toxoid has been prepared and its use in the immunization of 17 human subjects is described. The toxoid is well tolerated and produces a good antibody response. It is recommended that it supercedes the earlier preparation for human immunization trials.
Color Point Tuning in Lu<sub>3−<i>x</i>−<i>y</i></sub>Mn<sub><i>x</i></sub>Al<sub>5−<i>x</i></sub>Si<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>12</sub>:<i>y</i>Ce<sup>3+</sup> for White LEDs (2012)

A series of the solid-solution phosphors Lu(3-x-y)Mn(x)Al(5-x)Si(x)O(12):yCe(3+) is synthesized by solid-state reaction. The obtained phosphors possess the garnet structure and exhibit similar excitation properties as the phosphor Lu(3)Al(5)O(12):Ce(3+), but with an effectively improved red component in the emission spectrum. This can be attributed to the energy transfer from Ce(3+) to Mn(2+). Our investigation reveals that electric dipole-quadrupole interactions dominate the energy-transfer mechanism and that the critical distance determined by the spectral overlap method is about 9.21 Å. The color-tunable emissions of the Lu(3-x-y)Mn(x)Al(5-x)Si(x)O(12):yCe(3+) phosphor as a function of Mn(3)Al(2)Si(3)O(12) content are realized by continuously shifting the chromaticity coordinates from (0.354, 0.570) to (0.462, 0.494). They indicate that the obtained material may have potential application as a blue radiation-converting phosphor for white LEDs with high-quality white light.
Design of embedded gateway software framework for heterogeneous networks interconnection (2011)

With the development of embedded technology and network technology, various networks become more and more interconnected and integrated. The gateway is one of very important device of networks combination, which realizes many functions such as protocol conversion and data buffer. Based on this demand, this paper designs an embedded gateway which can interconnect all kinds of heterogeneous networks. Firstly, its software framework is given, and then, the main data structures including internal data packet format, Internet client-side data format and information record tables are introduced, finally, the key point of main software modules of the gateway is discussed. This gateway has many characteristics of modularization, customizable and instantaneity. It can interconnect Internet, industrial field bus, wireless networks based on Zigbee or Bluetooth etc and can be applied to intelligent home network, remote measurement and control system and the applications of Internet of things.