gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pneumatic Hammer in a Gas Lubricated Externally Pressurized Annular Thrust Bearing (1971)

An experimental study was conducted on the occurrence of pneumatic hammer in a gas lubricated externally pressurized annular thrust bearing. The bearing, which was orifice compensated, was fed by sets of three approximately equal orifices having nominal diameters 0.040, 0.020, 0.015, 0.010, and 0.005 in. Instability was most marked for the supply orifices of nominal diameter 0.020 in. The employment of orifices which had nominal diameters greater or smaller than 0.020 in. tended to make the bearing more stable. Experimental results were compared with the predictions of the simple, lumped parameter analysis.
Circular of the Bureau of Standards no. 586: (1957)

The National Bureau of Standards
Entrepreneurial Identity (2015)

Abstract Entrepreneurial identity refers to a person's set of meanings, including attitudes and beliefs, attributes, and subjective evaluations of behavior, that define him or herself in an entrepreneurial role. The construct of entrepreneurial identity encompasses how a person defines the entrepreneurial role, and whether he or she identifies with that role. By viewing firm founding as involving a role transition, we explore how entrepreneurial identity can influence successful founding behavior. We posit that when transition to the founder role involves high role novelty and role conflict that can lead to negative feedback, holding a complex and central entrepreneurial identity can facilitate the transition to the founder role by facilitating persistence while emphasizing role experimentation. In contrast, we posit that individuals with high identity centrality and low complexity would probably engage in limited search activities and ultimately become inactive but with an expectation of returning to entrepreneurial activity in the future. Overall, entrepreneurial identity is a dynamic construct whose development is influenced by network contacts that can in turn shed light on why some, and not others, become entrepreneurs.
OCEANS: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase III trial of chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab (BEV) in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent epithelial ovarian (EOC), primary peritoneal (PPC), or fallopian tube cancer (FTC). (2011)

LBA5007 The full, final text of this abstract will be available in Part II of the 2011 Annual Meeting Proceedings, distributed onsite at the Meeting on June 4, 2011, and as a supplement to the June 20, 2011, issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology.
Dose requirements for UVC disinfection of catheter biofilms (2009)

Bacterial biofilms on permanent catheters are the major sources of infection. Exposure to ultraviolet-C (UVC) light has been proposed as a method for disinfecting the inner surface of catheters. Specification of a UVC-based device for in vivo disinfection is based on the knowledge of the required doses to kill catheter biofilm. Given these doses and the power of available UVC light sources, calculation of the necessary treatment times is then possible. To determine the required doses, contaminated urinary catheters were used as test samples and UVC treated in vitro. Patient catheters (n = 67) were collected and cut into segments of equal size and treated with various UVC doses. After treatment, the biofilm was removed by scraping and quantified by counting colony forming units. Percentage killing rates were determined by calculating ratios between UVC-treated samples and controls (no UVC treatment). Mean killing rates were 89.6% (0.5 min), 98% (2 min), and 99% (60 min). Approximately 99% killing was obtained with a UVC dose of 15 kJ m(-2). This dose, which is about 100 to 1000 times greater than the lethal dose for planktonic cells, is expected to be the maximum dose required to maintain newly inserted catheters free of contamination. The combination of high doses required to kill mature biofilm and the limited effect of current UVC light sources result in a relative long treatment time ( approximately 60 min). If a UVC-based method is to be of practical use for disinfection of catheters in the clinic, repeated preventive treatments should be carried out on newly inserted catheters.
Cell-specific translation of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase mRNA. Regulation by the 5' transcript leader. (1992)

The mRNA encoding S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) has an unusual distribution in polysomes from cells of T lymphocyte origin. It associates predominantly with monosomes and small polysomes with none located in the preribosomal or ribonucleoprotein pool. In sharp contrast, it associates broadly with larger polysomes in several nonlymphoid cell lines, including fibroblasts and the adrenal carcinoma line, Y1. The AdoMetDC 5'-transcript leader (5'-TL) is highly conserved between human and bovine mRNAs. It has a length of about 330 nucleotides and contains a 21-nucleotide upstream open reading frame (uORF) approximately 14 nucleotides downstream of the cap site. The AdoMetDC 5'-TL, when used to replace the 5'-TL of the human growth hormone gene in a chimeric expression construct, causes a suppressed polysomal distribution of the chimeric mRNA identical to that of the endogenous AdoMetDC mRNA in the T cell line, Jurkat. In contrast, mRNA encoded by the same chimeric construct, when expressed in Y1 cells, mimics the broad polysomal distribution of the endogenous AdoMetDC mRNA. Mutations that remove the uORF, or prevent its initiation, abolish the translational suppression in T cells, establishing that the uORF is a negative element that modulates the cell-specific polysomal distribution of AdoMetDC mRNA.
Repurposing Conversation (2015)

Voice interaction with mobile devices has been focused on hands-free interaction or situations where visual interfaces are not applicable. In this paper we explore a subtler means of interaction -- speech recognition from continual, in the background, audio recording of conversations. We call this the 'continuous speech stream' and explore how it could be repurposed as user input. We analyse ten days of recorded audio from our participants, alongside corresponding interviews, to explore how systems might make use of extracts from this stream. Rather than containing directly actionable items, our data suggests that the continuous speech stream is a rich resource for identifying users' next actions, along with the interests and dispositions of those being recorded. Through design workshops we explored new interactions using the speech stream, and describe concepts for individual, shared and distributed use.
Ultra-Tightly Coupled GPS/INS Tracking Performance (2003)

This paper presents the results of improvements in the GPS receiver tracking performance when Ultra-tightly coupled with an Inertial Measurement Unit. In a tightly coupled system I and Q data are input to traditional fixed gain tracking loops. Residuals are then formed between the LOS projected navigation solution and the tracking loop outputs. High rate IMU inputs are converted to line of sight aiding via the navigation function, in order to reduce tracking loop bandwidths and provide a level of tracking stability. In an Ultratightly coupled system the tracking loop block is replaced by an Integrate and Dump (I&D) processing block. Both range and range rate residuals are formed directly with the I&D block, producing uncorrelated measurements into the Kalman Filter. The Navigation Kalman Filter now “plays the role” of the loop filter in directly stabilizing tracking errors. Additional states are added in the Kalman Filter for IMU and oscillator performance. This technique reduces the effective bandwidth of the tracking loop, which results in higher tracking performance. The effects of IMU and oscillator quality were also studied and play a direct role in receiver tracking performance and navigation accuracy in both tightly coupled and ultra-tightly coupled systems. Results presented in this paper were collected from both a high fidelity C-model simulation of a tightly coupled and an Ultra-tightly coupled navigation receiver and from laboratory testing of Raytheon’s miniaturized ultra-tightly coupled GPS navigation system when integrated with a variety of IMUs and oscillator technologies.
Crime in the classroom: Detection and prevention of cheating on multiple-choice exams (1993)

Detecting unusually similar pairs of multiple choice exams and commonsense prevention measures that virtually eliminate academic dishonesty (including how to refute the old, "We studied together therefore our exams are similar" line).
What is gluten? (2017)

Gluten is the main storage protein of wheat grains. Gluten is a complex mixture of hundreds of related but distinct proteins, mainly gliadin and glutenin. Similar storage proteins exist as secalin in rye, hordein in barley, and avenins in oats and are collectively referred to as "gluten." The objective was to discuss the biochemical and functional properties of the gluten proteins, including structure, sources, and dietary intakes. Literature was reviewed from food science and nutrition journals. The gluten protein networks vary because of different components and sizes, and variability caused by genotype, growing conditions, and technological processes. The structures and interactions of this matrix contribute to the unique properties of gluten. The resulting functions are essential to determining the dough quality of bread and other baked products. Gluten is heat stable and has the capacity to act as a binding and extending agent and is commonly used as an additive in processed foods for improved texture, moisture retention, and flavor. Gliadin contains peptide sequences that are highly resistant to gastric, pancreatic, and intestinal proteolytic digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. The average daily gluten intake in a Western diet is thought to be 5-20 g/day and has been implicated in several disorders. Gluten containing grains (wheat, rye, barley, and oats) are important staple foods. Gluten is among the most complex protein networks and plays a key role in determining the rheological dough properties.
Introduction (2012)

Extract The focus of this book is the nature of human beings—whether we are merely complicated machines, or souls interacting with bodies; and what follows from this for whether we have free will in a sense which makes us morally responsible for our actions. But I think that we cannot make much progress in these two well explored fields without discussing certain very general preliminary issues of metaphysics and epistemology. So Chapter 1 is devoted to the general issue of what sorts of things there are, and what are the criteria for one such thing being the same as another such thing. I distinguish three kinds of thing: substances (the constituents of the world such as electrons, planets, and houses), their properties (such as weighing 1000 kg, or being spherical), and events (occurrences at particular times, which consist in substances having or changing their properties). I then consider what are the criteria for two substances, properties, or events being the same substance, property, or event. I must ask those readers who are not professional philosophers to be patient with what might seem the rather abstract hair-splitting arguments of this chapter. For only with clear criteria for the identity of substances, events, and such like can we answer questions about whether mental events are merely brain events (i.e. the same events as brain events), or whether I am the same thing (same substance) as my body. In Chapter 2 I consider what makes a belief that a certain event occurred or that a certain scientific theory is true, or that some proposition is possibly true, a justified (or rational) belief. And again I have to ask those readers who are not professional philosophers to be patient, as the full relevance of my conclusions on these issues will only be apparent later in the book. For it is only when we have a satisfactory account of what makes such beliefs justified, that we will be in a position to assess the justification of a scientific theory that our intentions do or do not cause brain events; or the justification of the claim that (in a certain sense of ‘possible’) it is possible that I could lose all of my present body and acquire a very different one.
U.C.'s forestry research has great influence (1979)

California Agriculture - All Issues
Clonazepam suppresses GABAB-mediated inhibition in thalamic relay neurons through effects in nucleus reticularis (1994)

1. Experiments were carried out using patch-clamp techniques in rat thalamic slices, maintained in vitro, to examine the effects of the benzodiazepine compound, clonazepam (CZP), on intrathalamic inhibition. Bath-applied CZP reduced the gamma-aminobutyric acid-B (GABAB) component of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and currents (IPSPs and IPSCs, respectively) evoked in rat thalamic somatosensory relay neurons by stimulation of nucleus reticularis thalami (nRt), without consistently affecting the GABAA IPSP. Secondary IPSPs, which occur as a result of intrathalamic oscillations, were dramatically reduced. 2. Voltage-clamp experiments combined with local or bath perfusion of the GABAA antagonist bicuculline methiodide (BMI), demonstrated that nRt is a site of GABAA-mediated postsynaptic inhibition that affects inhibitory output onto relay neurons. BMI enhanced both GABAA and GABAB postsynaptic inhibition in relay neurons when applied to nRt. Focal applications in the ventrobasal relay nucleus near the recording electrode blocked the GABAA-mediated IPSP but had no effects on GABAB inhibitory potentials. 3. Results suggest that CZP acts to facilitate recurrent inhibition in nRt and decrease its inhibitory output onto relay neurons. Intra-nRt GABAA-mediated inhibition thus has an important role in controlling thalamic excitability and in the anti-absence actions of CZP.
Traumatic brain injury: The first 15 milliseconds (2016)

In the antero-posterior plane, acceleration and inertia stretch and tear long tracts to the spine and blood vessels running from the brain to the dura. Rotatory accelerations stress the inter-hemispheric connections of the brain, especially the corpus callosum, between the hemispheres.
Early de novo ovarian carcinoma. A study of fourteen cases (1994)

These findings document that at least a subset of ovarian epithelial cancers develops de novo. The guarded prognosis associated with these tumors despite their minute dimensions raises questions about the value of current screening techniques for early detection of ovarian cancer.
High speed perfusion image based on laser speckle fluctuations (2009)

Noninvasive methods to visualize blood flow in tissue are important in the clinical environment. Most methods use dynamic speckles to measure the level of perfusion. The most well-known techniques based on these speckle patterns are laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) and laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA). For LASCA measurements an inexpensive camera which can achieve a frame-rate of 200 Hz is sufficient, whereas for LDPI, only a state-of-the-art high-speed camera which can achieve a frame-rate of about 25 kHz is suitable. A review of laser speckle contrast techniques so far, and a comparison of these techniques on the hand of a volunteer is given in chapter 2. In chapter 3 the Twente Optical Perfusion Camera (TOPCam), an imaging system based on high-speed CMOS technology is presented. The TOPCam was used to evaluate the capability and efficacy of the TOPCam to measure perfusion differences in burn wounds. In chapter 4 these first clinical results of the TOPCam in the setting of a burn centre are presented. In chapter 5, a Time Domain (TD) algorithm is presented for determining the first order spectral moment. This algorithm involves multiplications of an image with the difference between two subsequent images. The issue of the relation between the competing methods of laser Doppler perfusion imaging and laser speckle contrast methods is addressed in chapter 6. A theory is developed which expresses the contrast in time integrated dynamic speckle patterns in terms of the power spectral density of their local temporal intensity fluctuations.
Comparison of Emoji Use in Names, Profiles, and Tweets (2020)

Online social networking applications are popular venues for self-expression, communication, and building connections between users. One method of expression is that of emojis, which is becoming more prevalent in online social networking platforms. As emoji use has grown over the last decade, differences in emoji usage by individuals and the way they are used in communication is still relatively unknown. This paper fills this gap by comparing emoji use across users and collectively in user names, profiles, and in original and re-shared content. We present a methodology that enables comparison of semantically similar emojis based on Unicode emoji categories and subcategories. We apply this methodology to a corpus of over 44 million tweets and associated user names and profiles to establish a baseline which reveals differences in emoji use in user names, profile descriptions, non-retweets, and retweets. In addition, our analysis reveals emoji super users who have a significantly higher proportion and diversity of emoji use. Our methodology offers a novel approach for summarizing emoji use and enables systematic comparison of emojis across individual user profiles and communication patterns, thus expanding methods for semantic analysis of social media data beyond just text.
Fermentation Characteristics Research of Recombinant Escherichia coli for Succinate Production (2010)

The fermentation characteristics of recombinant E.coli JM001(△ppc)/pTrc99a-pck for succinate production was investigated.The results showed that its glucose consumption and succinate production rates were 4.2 and 15.3 folds as much as those of the parent strain E.coli JM001,respectively.The mass yield of succinate to glucose was 54%,besides the acetic acid concentration was rather low.It could be concluded that the reaction from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to oxaloacetic acid (OAA) catalyzed by PEP carboxykinase (PCK) was more beneficial to the cell growth and succinate production compared to PEP carboxylase (PPC).Further investigation was carried out to optimize the fermentation conditions.The results showed that bacterial sludge was much better than 10% (v/v) broth for the inoculation from aerobic phase to the anaerobic one,succinate mass yield increased from 55.2% to 65.1% and the entire time to consume 20g/L glucose reduced to 48h.The results of glucose tolerance experiment showed that between 20g/L and 60g/L initial glucose,cell growth and succinate production were both satisfactory,succinate mass yield was from 64.18% to 69.10% with the increase of glucose concentration.But when the glucose was higher than 60g/L,cell growth and succinate production were clearly repressed.The higher the glucose concentration was,the more obvious the inhibition effects were.For 7L fermentor research,the initial glucose of the anaerobic phase was 40.25g/L,after 96 h it was completely consumed.The succinate mass yield was 67.75%.During the anaerobic phase,the glucose consumption rate was 0.42g/(L·h) and succinate productivity was 0.28g/(L·h).
ModelHub: Deep Learning Lifecycle Management (2017)

Deep learning has improved the state-of-the-art results in many domains, leading to the development of several systems for facilitating deep learning. Current systems, however, mainly focus on model building and training phases, while the issues of lifecycle management are largely ignored. Deep learning modeling lifecycle contains a rich set of artifacts and frequently conducted tasks, dealing with them is cumbersome and left to the users. To address these issues in a comprehensive manner, we demonstrate ModelHub, which includes a novel model versioning system (dlv), a domain-specific language for searching through model space (DQL), and a hosted service (ModelHub).
Initiation, pausing, and termination of transcription in the threonine operon regulatory region of Escherichia coli. (1982)

The 6 S leader RNA transcript from the Escherichia coli threonine operon controlling region was synthesized in vitro using purified RNA polymerase and restriction fragment DNA templates. The terminated leader transcript was analyzed by RNase T1 digestion followed by electrophoresis on 20% polyacrylamide, 8 M urea gels. Oligonucleotides of 7, 8, 13, 15, and 35 bases in length were detected and correlated with the known DNA sequence. The kinetics of RNase T1 digestion indicated that the RNA forms extensive secondary structure, especially at the 3'-terminus of the transcript. The sites of transcription initiation were determined by labeling the 5'-end of the transcript with [gamma-32P]ATP or -GTP followed by direct RNA sequencing. The DNA sequence preceding the initiation site shows homology with the equivalent regions of other bacterial and bacteriophage promoters. The transcription termination sites were determined by mapping of the RNase T1 oligonucleotides arising from the 3'-terminus of the transcript. Comparison of the mobilities of the 3'-oligonucleotides with the mobilities of standards on 20% polyacrylamide, 8 M urea gels indicated that the RNA contains a heterogeneous 3'-terminus. The two predominant oligonucleotides were CU7 and CU8. The 3'-terminus of the transcript also contains a region of dyad symmetry immediately preceding a stretch of uridine residues, characteristic of other rho-independent transcripts. In addition, kinetic studies indicated that RNA polymerase pauses approximately 50 base pairs upstream from the site of termination. The pause site appears to be immediately distal to another region of dyad symmetry.
Multiple quantum well optical modulator structures using surface acoustic wave induced Stark effect (1989)

Multiple-quantum-well (MQW) optical modulator structures using the quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) manifested by the application of an electric field induced by a propagating surface acoustic wave (SAW) are proposed. The magnitudes of the parallel E/sub /// and perpendicular E/sub perpendicular to / electric-field components are computed to determine the electroabsorption and change of index of refraction for the AlGaAs-GaAs system. The proposed structures are shown to be less cumbersome than conventional p-i-n configurations used to impress E. In addition, an enhanced performance Bragg modulator/switch which utilizes the QCSE as well as the acoustic phase grating produced by the SAW beam is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A study of the aroma profiles of non‐alcohol beer by thermal desorption and GC‐MS (1992)

Abstract The aroma profiles of different types of low alcohol and non‐alcohol beer have been compared by collection of volatile headspace compounds on Tenax resin and GC‐MS analysis following thermal desorption. Some aroma compounds have been tentatively identified by NBS library search.
Modeling, Analysis, and Neural Network Control of an EV Electrical Differential (2008)

This paper presents system modeling, analysis, and simulation of an electric vehicle (EV) with two independent rear wheel drives. The traction control system is designed to guarantee the EV dynamics and stability when there are no differential gears. Using two in-wheel electric motors makes it possible to have torque and speed control in each wheel. This control level improves EV stability and safety. The proposed traction control system uses the vehicle speed, which is different from wheel speed characterized by a slip in the driving mode, as an input. In this case, a generalized neural network algorithm is proposed to estimate the vehicle speed. The analysis and simulations lead to the conclusion that the proposed system is feasible. Simulation results on a test vehicle propelled by two 37-kW induction motors showed that the proposed control approach operates satisfactorily.