gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Paraoxonase 1 in neurological disorders (2013)

Paroxonase 1 displays multiple physiological activities that position it as a putative player in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Here we reviewed the literature focusing on the role of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) as a factor in the risk of stroke and the major neurodegenerative diseases. PON1 activity is reduced in stroke patients, which significantly correlates inversely with carotid and cerebral atherosclerosis. The presence of the R allele of the Q192R PON1 polymorphism seems to potentiate this risk for stroke. PON1 exerts peroxidase activities that may be important in neurodegenerative disorders associated with oxidative stress. PON1 is also a key detoxifier of organophosphates and organophosphate exposure has been linked to the development of neurological disorders in which acetylcholine plays a significant role. In Parkinson's disease most of the studies suggest no participation of either L55M or the Q192R polymorphisms in its pathogenesis. However, many studies suggest that the MM55 PON1 genotype is associated with a higher risk for Parkinson's disease in individuals exposed to organophosphates. In Alzheimer's disease most studies have failed to find any association between PON1 polymorphisms and the development of the disease. Some studies show that PON1 activity is decreased in patients with Alzheimer's disease or other dementias, suggesting a possible protective role of PON1. No links between PON1 polymorphisms or activity have been found in other neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PON1 is a potential player in the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders. More research is warranted to ascertain the precise pathogenic links and the prognostic value of its measurement in neurological patients.
The low-frequency dielectric properties of octopus arm muscle measured<i>in vivo</i> (1996)

The conductance and capacitance of octopus arm are measured in vivo over the frequency range 5 Hz to 1 MHz. Measurement of these parameters for a number of electrode separations permits the determination of the variations in tissue conductivity and dielectric constant with frequency. In the range 1-100 kHz the conductivity is independent of the frequency f and the dielectric constant varies as f-1. These results, in conjunction with those reported previously for frog skeletal muscle, are consistent with the fractal model for the dielectric properties of animal tissue proposed by Dissado. Transformation of the results to complex impedance spectra indicates the presence of a dispersion above 100 kHz.
The RHET system (1991)

The RHET system is a knowledge representation tool that is intended to support the development of advanced prototype natural language understanding and planning systems. The key requirements on the system are that it be general and expressive enough to support basic experimental systems, that it is efficient enough to allow such systems to be effectively built, and that its behavior be precisely specified independent of the actual program. It is a hybrid representation consisting of a set of separately defined specialized reasoning systems that are presented to the user within a single uniform framework.
Where are the engineers? : opinion (2015)

While striving for excellence, SAICE's young members face many frustrations in their work environment, succinctly described here by one such young member, who is calling fellow young engineers to come together today to save our tomorrow.
N credit of soybean to a following corn crop in central Ontario (1998)

Field studies were conducted to determine the nitrogen (N) fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) when soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) preceded corn (Zea mays L.) in the rotation (S-C), compared to corn preceding corn (C-C). Large, replicated blocks of soybean and corn were established in 1993 and 1994 near Elora, Ontario. In the following year, each large block was subdivided into smaller plots. Fertilizer N was applied at six rates from 0 to 200 kg N ha −1 to the second-year corn crop. Corn grain yield responses to fertilizer N were fitted by quadratic regression. Maximum economic rate of N was calculated for each crop sequence and NFRV's were determined. Corn yields were consistently higher when grown after soybean (S-C) than after corn (C-C). Maximum corn yields were 10.4 and 12.3 Mg ha −1 in 1994 and 1995, respectively. NFRVs for S-C, compared to C-C, were 41 and 59 kg N ha −1 in the two years. As a result of these studies and numerous other experiments, recommended fertilizer N rates have been changed to 30 kg N ha −1 less for S-C than for C-C in central Ontario. Key words: Nitrogen credit, corn, soybean, fertilizer N, replacement value, crop rotation
Elastic Properties of Oxide Solid Solutions: The System Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> −Cr <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> (1970)

Sound velocities, densities, and lattice parameters of hot‐pressed bodies of the solid‐solution series Al 2 O 3 −Cr 2 O 3 were investigated. Measured lattice parameters deviated slightly from Vegard's law. The compositional dependence of the longitudinal sound velocity agreed well with the predictions of Birch; the observed dependence of the bulk modulus on ionic volume did not agree with the relation of Anderson and Nafe.
SPOT: An R Package For Automatic and Interactive Tuning of Optimization Algorithms by Sequential Parameter Optimization (2010)

The sequential parameter optimization (SPOT) package for R is a toolbox for tuning and understanding simulation and optimization algorithms. Model-based investigations are common approaches in simulation and optimization. Sequential parameter optimization has been developed, because there is a strong need for sound statistical analysis of simulation and optimization algorithms. SPOT includes methods for tuning based on classical regression and analysis of variance techniques; tree-based models such as CART and random forest; Gaussian process models (Kriging), and combinations of different meta-modeling approaches. This article exemplifies how SPOT can be used for automatic and interactive tuning.
Adaptive multimedia messaging based on MPEG-7—the M3-box (2000)

This paper presents a case study of an adaptive multimedia message box (M 3-Box) based on MPEG-7 technology. To enable a bi-directional communication, MPEG-7 related techniques such as the Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) are incorporated into the M 3-Box. MPEG-7 descriptions for the multimedia access, user preferences, and media summarization are instantiated and transmitted along the media content of the messages. These components allow to set up a message center which integrates different kinds of structured messages containing media elements such as video, voice and text. They also provide access to these messages with a variety of different devices. The paper analyses the scenario, gives a specification of the application requirements, and describes an implementation of the M 3-Box. 1.
The Changing Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the United States: A National Observational Study (2013)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can cause major illness and death and impose serious economic costs on patients and hospitals. Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) is a growing problem in US hospitals, which are already dealing with high levels of hospital-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA), but little is known about how patient age and seasonal differences in the incidence of these 2 forms of MRSA affect the epidemic. By using national data on hospitalizations and antibiotic resistance, we estimated the magnitude and trends in annual S. aureus and MRSA hospitalization rates from 2005-2009 by patient age, infection type, and resistance phenotype (CA-MRSA vs. HA-MRSA). Although no statistically significant increase in the hospitalization rate was seen over the study period, the total number of infections increased. In 2009, there were an estimated 463,017 (95% confidence interval: 441,595, 484,439) MRSA-related hospitalizations at a rate of 11.74 (95% confidence interval: 11.20, 12.28) per 1,000 hospitalizations. We observed significant differences in infection type by age, with HA-MRSA-related hospitalizations being more common in older individuals. We also noted significant seasonality in incidence, particularly in children, with CA-MRSA peaking in the late summer and HA-MRSA peaking in the winter, which may be caused by seasonal shifts in antibiotic prescribing patterns.
CONTROLAB: an integrated system for intelligent control of a robot arm (2002)

CONTROLAB is an environment which integrates intelligent systems and control algorithms aiming at applications in the area of robotics. Within CONTROLAB, two neural network architectures based on the backpropagation and the recursive models are proposed for the implementation of a robust speaker-independent word recognition system. The robustness of the system using the backpropagation network has been largely verified through use by children and adults in a totally uncontrolled environment such as large public halls for the exhibition of new technology products. Initial experimental results with the recursive network show that it will be able to overcome the backpropagation network major drawback, which is the frequent generation of false alarms. In addition, within CONTROLAB, a multivariable self-tuning algorithm is proposed to perform high-precision control of the trajectory, to be followed by a robot arm. High-precision control is achieved due to the ability of the algorithm to properly model the interaction forces among the robot arm joints and to cope with the non-linearities of the arm dynamics. CONTROLAB also includes computer vision facilities for object recognition and is currently running an application in which a SCARA robot arm is commanded by voice to pick up an object placed within its view area.
Computer simulation of the measured respiratory impedance in newborn infants and the effect of the measurement equipment (1998)

The forced oscillation technique (FOT) is a non-invasive method to investigate lung mechanics. FOT does not require active cooperation and therefore it seems to be useful for lung function measurements in newborn infants. The aims of this simulation study were to investigate the effects of development and growth of the lung, pulmonary inhomogeneities and the measurement equipment on the respiratory impedance (Zrs). The respiratory impedance was simulated by using four lung models with lumped parameters in the frequency range of 3-50 Hz considering resistive and elastic resistances of the respiratory system and the inertance of breathing air and tissue. The simulation has shown that the maturation of lungs produces only a parallel shifting of the real and imaginary part of the impedance curves whereas respiratory diseases change the course of the curves. Furthermore, a high influence of the measurement equipment (e.g. compliance of the face mask, endotracheal tube leaks) on Zrs was found. In conclusion, the simulation has shown that FOT offers a deeper insight in the structure of the respiratory system. However, the technical requirements for accurate measurements in newborns are very high.
Managing Software Defined Radio through cloud computing (2012)

Software-Defined Radio (SDR) is a rapidly evolving technology that is receiving enormous recognition and generating widespread interest in the telecommunication industry. Over the last few years, analog radio systems are being replaced by digital radio systems for various radio applications in military, civilian and commercial spaces. In addition to this, programmable hardware modules are increasingly being used in digital radio systems at different functional levels. Commercial wireless communication industry is currently facing problems due to constant evolution of link-layer protocol standards (2.5G, 3G, and 4G), existence of incompatible wireless network technologies in different countries inhibiting deployment of global roaming facilities and problems in rolling-out new services/features due to wide-spread presence of legacy subscriber handsets. SDR technology aims to take advantage of these programmable hardware modules to build an open-architecture based radio system software. The digital signal processing chains can be implemented in software (software-defined radio [SDR] application) running on general-purpose hardware (SDR platform). Ongoing advances in radio engineering and digital signal processing necessitate employing processor array and automatic resource allocation tools that provide computing resources on demand. This paper explains how software-defined radio (SDR) clouds combine SDR concepts with cloud computing technology for designing and managing future base stations.
Th17-stimulating Protein Vaccines Confer Protection against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Pneumonia (2012)

Screening for Th17-stimulating protein antigens identified PopB as a novel and promising vaccine candidate for P. aeruginosa.
Continuous monitoring of liver oxygenation with near infrared spectroscopy during naso-gastric tube feeding in neonates. (2000)

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive method of estimating the haemoglobin concentration changes in certain tissues. It is frequently used to monitor oxygenation of the brain in neonates. At present it is not clear whether near infrared spectroscopy of other organs (e.g. the liver as a corresponding site in the splanchnic region, which reacts very sensitively to haemodynamic instability) provides reliable values on their tissue oxygenation. The aim of the study was to test near infrared spectroscopy by measuring known physiologic changes in tissue oxygenation of the liver in newborn infants during and after feeding via a naso-gastric tube. The test-retest variability of such measurements was also determined. On 28 occasions in 25 infants we measured the tissue oxygenation index (TOI) of the liver and the brain continuously before, during and 30 minutes after feeding via a gastric tube. Simultaneously we measured arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). In 10 other newborn infants we performed a test-retest analysis of the liver tissue oxygenation index to estimate the variability in repeated intra-individual measurements. The tissue oxygenation index of the liver increased significantly from 56.7 +/- 7.5% before to 60.3 +/- 5.6% after feeding (p < 0.005), and remained unchanged for the next 30 minutes. The tissue oxygenation index of the brain (62.1 +/- 9.7%), SaO2 (94.4 +/- 7.1%), heart rate (145 +/- 17.3 min-1) and mean arterial blood pressure (52.8 +/- 10.2 mm Hg) did not change significantly. The test-retest variability for intra-individual measurements was 2.7 +/- 2.1%. After bolus feeding the tissue oxygenation index of the liver increased as expected. This indicates that near infrared spectroscopy is suitable for monitoring changes in tissue oxygenation of the liver in newborn infants.
Direct Computer Diagnosis of Rheumatic Heart Disease (1971)

The authors briefly describe their experiences in the computer screening of 14 × 17-inch chest radiographs and the identification of cardiac abnormalities. The computer identified the cardiac silhouette, measured its important parameters, and applied discriminant function analysis techniques to decide whether or not the heart was within normal limits; if not, the computer reported the likely type of abnormality within the spectrum of rheumatic valvular disease. With the use of the test library of normals and cases of rheumatic heart disease, the computer had a higher overall accuracy than the radiologists viewing the same library of proved cases.
Acute rejection and late renal transplant failure: Risk factors and prognosis (2004)

Despite a decreased incidence and severity of acute rejections in 1998, compared with the previous years, acute rejection still remains a powerful risk factor for late transplant failure.
Positron Emission Tomography (2014)

This chapter describes the application of positron emission tomography (PET) technology to study neurotransmitter systems. The process of developing radiotracers to study the neurotransmitter systems, namely radioligands and the technical aspects of utilizing these radiotracers in PET imaging, is discussed. Normal distribution of neurotransmitters including dopamine, serotonin, opioids, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), as well as abnormalities of these systems in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, are highlighted. The chapter provides evidence that radioligand imaging has been useful not only in delineating pathophysiological processes in psychiatric disorders, but also in contributing to the diagnosis, prognosis, and disease course, and in assessing drug effects. Recent advances in receptor imaging that are rapidly gaining clinical relevance are also discussed.
SiBr<sub>2</sub>(Idipp): A Stable N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Adduct of Dibromosilylene (2009)

Ein Silylen mit einem Carben-Karabiner: Synthese, Struktur und einige Reaktionen eines stabilen Carbenaddukts von Dibromsilylen, SiBr2(Idipp) (siehe Bild; Idipp=1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-yliden), werden beschrieben. SiBr2(Idipp) wurde röntgenographisch, NMR-spektroskopisch und mithilfe theoretischer Studien charakterisiert. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Use of contextual information for feature ranking and discretization (1997)

Deriving classification rules or decision trees from examples is an important problem. When there are too many features, discarding weak features before the derivation process is highly desirable. When there are numeric features, they need to be discretized for the rule generation. We present a new approach to these problems. Traditional techniques make use of feature merits based on either the information theoretic, or the statistical correlation between each feature and the class. We instead assign merits to features by finding each feature's "obligation" to the class discrimination in the context of other features. The merits are then used to rank the features, select a feature subset, and discretize the numeric variables. Experience with benchmark example sets demonstrates that the new approach is a powerful alternative to the traditional methods. This paper concludes by posing some new technical issues that arise from this approach.
A 900 mV 25 μW high PSRR CMOS voltage reference dedicated to implantable micro-devices (2003)

In this paper, we describe an ultra low-voltage high PSRR bandgap voltage reference circuit dedicated to implantable biomedical applications. The circuit takes advantage of the low gate-source voltage of weak inversion CMOS transistor. And by using negative feedback to generate a regulated supply, the power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) of the proposed circuit can be increased up to 82 dB at 10 KHz. Although the circuit is designed for working under 900 mV supply voltage, the preliminary simulation result shows that it is able to work as low as 600 mV. The temperature coefficient is around 80 ppm//spl deg/C, while the circuit consumes 25 /spl mu/W of power.
Effects of chiral 3-n-butylphthalide on apoptosis induced by transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. (2003)

NBP, especially its s-(-)-enantiomer, could potently reduce the release of cytochrome c, decrease the activation of caspase-3, and inhibit DNA fragmentation after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Our findings on the beneficial effects of NBP on cerebral ischemia-induced apoptosis might have important implications for the study and treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.
Integrating communication, cooperation, and awareness (1994)

DIVA, a novel environment for group work, is presented. This prototype virtual office environment provides support for communication, cooperation, and awareness in both the synchronous and asynchronous modes, smoothly integrated into a simple and intuitive interface which may be viewed as a replacement for the standard graphical user interface desktop. In order to utilize the skills that people have acquired through years of shared work in real offices, DIVA is modeled after the standard office, abstracting elements of physical offices required to support collaborative work: people, rooms, desks, and documents.
N<sup>G</sup>-Methyl-l-Arginine Protects the Guinea Pig Cochlea from the Cytotoxic Effects of Pneumolysin (1995)

Sensorineural hearing loss is a major sequela of the bacterial meningitis associated in particular with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Recent studies have shown pneumolysin, a toxin elaborated by S. pneumoniae, to be cytotoxic to the guinea pig cochlea. The mechanisms of this cytotoxicity are, however, not fully understood. In the present study this deleterious action of pneumolysin has been shown to be blocked by pretreating the cochlea with NG-methyl-L-arginine, a known inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis. Furthermore, pretreatment of the cochlea with MK-801, an NMDA receptor antagonist, was also found to confer marked protection from the action of pneumolysin. This latter finding is consistent with previous reports that excess stimulation of NMDA receptors within the cochlea, an event known to lead to excess nitric oxide release, have similar effects on the cochlea as pneumolysin perfusion. It would therefore appear that nitric oxide may represent a significant link in the chain of events leading to the deafness of bacterial meningitis.
Millimeter-Wave 5G Antennas for Smartphones: Overview and Experimental Demonstration (2017)

For the first time to the best of our knowledge, this paper provides an overview of millimeter-wave (mmWave) 5G antennas for cellular handsets. Practical design considerations and solutions related to the integration of mmWave phased-array antennas with beam switching capabilities are investigated in detail. To experimentally examine the proposed methodologies, two types of mesh-grid phased-array antennas featuring reconfigurable horizontal and vertical polarizations are designed, fabricated, and measured at the 60 GHz spectrum. Afterward the antennas are integrated with the rest of the 60 GHz RF and digital architecture to create integrated mmWave antenna modules and implemented within fully operating cellular handsets under plausible user scenarios. The effectiveness, current limitations, and required future research areas regarding the presented mmWave 5G antenna design technologies are studied using mmWave 5G system benchmarks.