gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On The Link Between Mobile App Quality And User Reviews (2014)

Mobile app stores contain millions of apps which users can download and install on their smart phones. Each app has a page in the mobile app store that includes app’s description, a download link for the app, and a space for users to review the app. Each review has a 1-5 star rating and a review-comment. Unlike desktop and server side-software where direct user feedback about software quality was difficult to acquire, app developers now have access to the user’s perspective of their apps via the reviews. Since apps with high-rating reviews are downloaded statistically significantly more than apps with low-rating reviews, the insights from studying these reviews are very important. Thus in this thesis, we analyze hundreds of thousands of reviews of Android and iOS apps to help developers understand the relationship between app quality, and the feedback in reviews. In this thesis, we find that low-rated reviews of apps contain 12 different complaint types which have varying impact and frequencies. The most frequent complaints are about functional errors, feature requests, and app crashes; complaints about privacy, ethical and hidden cost issues receive the worst star ratings. For Android developers struggling with device fragmentation, we find that different Android devices give varying star ratings. However, we show that device info from reviews can also be used to identify a subset of Android devices that should be prioritized for testing.
Motor neuron degeneration of mice is a model of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten's disease) (1993)

Pathological studies of mice homozygous for the motor neuron degeneration (Mnd) mutation show abnormalities similar to those of the human neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses: sudanophilic, autofluorescent intraneuronal inclusions that are immunoreactive with antibodies to subunit c of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Ultrastructurally, the inclusions have the pentalaminar structure characteristic of some form of human neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis and of canine and ovine models of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Similar inclusions are observed in many somatic organs and in the retina, which develops photoreceptor degeneration. This mutation, previously considered a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, may be a useful model for molecular and genetic studies of human neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis because mice have been well characterized genetically. Since they are inexpensive to breed and maintain, they can also be used to test therapeutic interventions.
Cone Channel Condenser Optics* (1952)

Conical light pipes to condense radiation are attractive in their simplicity and low cost.In addition, when using detectors having non-uniform surface response, the non-image forming characteristics of such channels are desirable. Through the use of a field lens, channels may be designed which condense the radiation through a given area to the smallest possible size. As viewed from the output end of the channel, this corresponds to achievement of the optimum f/number of 0.6. Reflection losses in the experimental model described increased the f/number to 0.77. The cone channel described has the further advantage that it is not receptive to stray light.
A Fuzzy Logic-based Location Management Method for Mobile Networks (2014)

Abstract. State-of-the-art wireless communication networks allow dynamic relocation of mobile terminals. A location management mechanism is required to keep track of a mobile terminal for delivering incoming calls. In this paper, we propose a fuzzy logic-based location management method to reduce paging cost. In the proposed method, the location update uses an area-based method that uses direction-based method together with movement-based method, and the location search uses a fuzzy logic-based selective paging method based on the mobility information of mobile terminals. A partial candidate paging area is selected by fuzzy control rules, and then the fuzzy logic-based selective paging method pages only cells within the partial candidate paging area. The performance of the proposed fuzzy logic-based location management method is evaluated by an analytical model and by a simulation, and is compared with that of basic velocity paging (BVP) method. 1
Cell-Assisted Lipotransfer (2010)

Adipose tissue is believed to constitute an ideal source of uncultured stromal stem cells. By optimizing the harvesting, storage, and transplantation of adipose tissue, long-lasting results can be obtained. Cell-assisted lipotransfer (CAL) is a novel approach to autologous fat transplantation in which adipose-derived stem cells are attached to the aspirated fat. The authors describe the cell processing methods, delivery systems, and clinical applications of CAL.
Fuzzy multiple-input maximum circuit in current-mode (2003)

A modular current-mode circuit, which provides the maximum of n analog inputs, is described. The realization method is suitable for fabrication using CMOS technology. The proposed circuit has a very sharp transfer characteristic and is useful building block for a real-time fuzzy controller and a fuzzy computer. The performances of the proposed circuit were studied by the use of the PSPICE analog simulation program. The simulation results verified the circuit performances are agreed with the expected values.
A Novel System Anomaly Prediction System Based on Belief Markov Model and Ensemble Classification (2013)

Computer systems are becoming extremely complex, while system anomalies dramatically influence the availability and usability of systems. Online anomaly prediction is an important approach to manage imminent anomalies, and the high accuracy relies on precise system monitoring data. However, precise monitoring data is not easily achievable because of widespread noise. In this paper, we present a method which integrates an improved Evidential Markov model and ensemble classification to predict anomaly for systems with noise. Traditional Markov models use explicit state boundaries to build the Markov chain and then make prediction of different measurement metrics. A Problem arises when data comes with noise because even slight oscillation around the true value will lead to very different predictions. Evidential Markov chain method is able to deal with noisy data but is not suitable in complex data stream scenario. The Belief Markov chain that we propose has extended Evidential Markov chain and can cope with noisy data stream. This study further applies ensemble classification to identify system anomaly based on the predicted metrics. Extensive experiments on anomaly data collected from 66 metrics in PlanetLab have confirmed that our approach can achieve high prediction accuracy and time efficiency.
Critical phenomena and thermodynamics of dilute aqueous sodium chloride to 823 K (1984)

Semiempirical equations are developed that represent the behavior of dilute solutions of NaCl in water (steam) in the range 723-823 K where ion pairing is extensive. This supplements the equations given earlier for more concentrated solutions. In this temperature range the system NaCl/H(2)O shows critical behavior with two phases below the critical pressure. The equations for the dilute solutions yield critical behavior. Though the equations for concentrated solutions do not yield critical behavior at the critical pressure, only a very small interpolation function is required to connect smoothly the two equations. The ion-pairing equilibrium constants are reported as well as the Gibbs energies of hydration for both ions and ion pairs.
ABC of intensive care: Other supportive care (1999)

As well as specific organ support techniques such as mechanical ventilation and renal replacement therapy, patients in intensive care require other interventions to maintain organ function and prevent further damage. These include nutritional support, preserving skin integrity, psychological support, and mobilisation. These interventions enable patients to recover their previous level of health, prevent intercurrent problems such as nosocomial infection and lung atelectasis, and support psychological and physical wellbeing.



Intensive care is not just about organ support



Patients who are intubated or mechanically ventilated require chest physiotherapy to remove excess bronchial secretions, re-expand atelectatic areas, improve ventilation, decrease ventilation-perfusion mismatch, and mobilise the thoracic cage.

#### Respiratory complications associated with tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation

Bronchial secretions increase in intubated patients as the tracheal mucous membrane is irritated. These secretions may become tenacious as the patients' natural humidification has been bypassed. Expectoration may also be reduced by an ineffective cough, decreased ciliary action, and loss of sigh breaths.

Secretion tenacity can be reduced by adequate humidification and systemic hydration. Clearance of secretions is achieved by chest physiotherapy, suctioning, and occasionally bronchial lavage.



Manual hyperinflation improves lung compliance and arterial oxygenation



#### Disadvantages of immobility

##### Cardiovascular

##### Respiratory

##### Metabolic

##### Musculoskeletal

The primary aims of chest physiotherapy are to improve gas exchange and prevent atelectasis and consolidation, which occur as a result of mucus plugging or infection. Patients are assessed daily and will receive the following treatments as appropriate.

Positioning —For postural drainage or to improve ventilation-perfusion matching.

Manual …
Sparse Time-Frequency Representation for Incipient Fault Diagnosis of Wind Turbine Drive Train (2018)

As wind power attracts increasing attention and wind turbines (WTs) capacity expands, fault diagnosis of WT is playing a more and more important role in improving reliability, minimizing down time, reducing maintenance costs, and providing reliable power generation. In this paper, a novel sparse time-frequency representation (STFR) method is proposed to increase the diagnostic precision of incipient faults. The proposed method can be applied once the condition is detected as abnormal according to the VDI3834 vibration threshold standard in WT fault diagnosis systems. The proposed method is a novel signal representation method based on the sparse representation theory and Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD), which can overcome the limitations of traditional basis functions expansion and time-frequency analysis methods. In this method, a union of redundant dictionary (URD) is constructed on the basis of the underlying prior information of the oscillate characteristics with multicomponent coupling effect and different morphological waveforms. Therefore, the vibration signal can be sparsely represented over the URD. Then, the sparse coefficients and corresponding atoms can be obtained by solving the basis pursuit denoising problem via alternating direction method of multipliers. Based on the combination of the WVD of each atom and corresponding sparse coefficient, the time-frequency distribution of the vibration signal can be obtained. To verify the effectiveness of the STFR method, a simulation and two field tests in the wind farm are performed. The comparison results with state-of-the-art methods illustrate the superiority and robustness of the proposed method in the engineering applications.
Constructing a human eye model: The cornea shape effect on optical imaging for the human eyes (2010)

This paper study the effect of cornea shape on optical imaging of the human eyes for future constructing a human eye model using ray tracing method in optical design software Zemax. Theoretical calculation results show that geometric image is best when the cornea's front surface radius being 7.8mm and gets bad away from 7.8mm. When the cornea's front surface radius is 7.8±0.015mm, the image can't be recognized. Further, calculation RMS radius shows the radius is smallest when the cornea's front surface radius being 7.8mm and gets big when away from 7.8mm.
Dynamic Security Design: Convergence to Continuous Time and Asset Pricing Implications (2007)

An entrepreneur with limited liability needs to finance an infinite horizon investment project. An agency problem arises because she can divert operating cash flows before reporting them to the financiers. We first study the optimal contract in discrete time. This contract can be implemented by cash reserves, debt, and equity. The latter is split between the financiers and the entrepreneur and pays dividends when retained earnings reach a threshold. To provide appropriate incentives to the entrepreneur, the firm is downsized when it runs short of cash. We then study the continuous-time limit of the model. We prove the convergence of the discrete-time value functions and optimal contracts. Our analysis yields rich implications for the dynamics of security prices. Stock prices follow a diffusion reflected at the dividend barrier and absorbed at 0. Their volatility, as well as the leverage ratio of the firm, increase after bad performance. Stock prices and book-to-market ratios are in a non-monotonic relationship. A more severe agency problem entails lower price-earning ratios and firm liquidity and higher default risk.
The Determination of Flash Temperature in Intermittent Magnetic Head/Disk Contacts Using Magnetoresistive Heads: Part II—Experimental Investigation (1993)

The flash temperature during intermittent head/disk contacts was measured using specially fabricated magnetoresistive heads. Microasperities were intentionally created on disk substrates, and ZrO2 was sputtered on disc surfaces as overcoat. It was found that with a disk spinning speed of 20 m/s, flash temperature could reach 50 to 100°C for transient contact (head was moving in disk radial direction), but less than 40°C for dwell on track contact (head was stationary). The contact times were in the range from submicroseconds to several microseconds, contact widths on the order of several micrometers, and temperature sensitivity coefficients in the range from 0.15 to 0.7 for a 2.5–μ high magnetoresistive sensor.
Intermediate Accounting, Study Guide (1989)

VOLUME I Chapter 1: Financial Accounting and Accounting Standards Chapter 2: Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting Chapter 3: The Accounting Information System Chapter 4: Income Statement and Related Information Chapter 5: Balance Sheet and Statement of Cash Flows Chapter 6: Accounting and the Time Value of Money Chapter 7: Cash and Receivables Chapter 8: Valuation of Inventories: A Cost-Basis Approach Chapter 9: Inventories: Additional Valuation Issues Chapter 10: Acquisition and Disposition of Property, Plant, and Equipment Chapter 11: Depreciation, Impairments, and Depletion Chapter 12: Intangible Assets Chapter 13: Current Liabilities and Contingencies Chapter 14: Long-Term Liabilities
Performance analysis and security dependence of on paper digital signature using random and critical content (2016)

The content of physical paper documents is a major concern, after the development of modern scanning and printing technologies. The tendency for the document fraud has been growing and the paper-based documents require authenticating the sender identity and ensuring the content integrity. This paper presents a reliable and simple method for authenticating the content of a paper document by implementing an on paper digital signature. This method randomly selects the words at random positions of the document along with critical content and creates on paper digital signature. This method employs an online document verification system and the unauthorized access is denied by the user authentication mechanism. Performance analysis and security dependence on the system is also studied in this paper.
Binding studies of porphyrins to human serum albumin using affinity capillary electrophoresis (2001)

The present work demonstrates that affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) can be employed as a valuable and powerful tool for studying the interactions between porphyrins and proteins in biological and biomedical research, such as the development of porphyrins and related compounds as efficient and selective photosensitizers in the photodynamic therapy of cancers. Binding constants of human serum albumin (HSA) to four biological porphyrins (uroporphyrin I, heptacarboxylporphyrin, coproporphyrin I, protoporphyrin IX), which possess a wide range of hydrophobicity, were estimated by ACE. Based on 1:1 molecular association between these individual porphyrins and HSA, the change of the electrophoretic mobility of HSA as a function of porphyrin concentration in the run buffer was measured and the binding constants were calculated from the slope of the Scatchard plots. The binding constant values were found to be 8.80 +/- 0.51 x 10(4) M(-1), 2.39 +/- 0.16 x 10(5) M(-1), 1.61 +/- 0.11 x 10(6) M(-1), and 9.34 +/- 0.30 x 10(6) M(-1) for uroporphyrin I, heptacarboxylporphyrin, coproporphyrin I, and protoporphyrin IX, respectively, and most of these results are in good agreement with those reported in the literature using conventional methods for binding measurements. Additionally, experimental binding constant data obtained using ACE was found to exhibit very good correlation with theoretical hydrophobicity values calculated using the Rekker's hydrophobic fragmental constant method, thus further supporting the hypothesis that the hydrophobicity of the porphyrin side chains play an important role in governing the hydrophobic interaction of porphyrins with serum proteins such as HSA.
Optimizing solution of fault location (2003)

This paper describes an assembled transmission line fault location algorithm based on one-terminal electrical quantities. It uses a fault location algorithm based on measurement impedance to calculate a fault section of a transmission line, then it uses a wavelet transform fault location algorithm based on current traveling wave to pinpoint the fault position. This algorithm deals with the conflict between accuracy and robustness of fault location algorithm successfully. The computer simulation demonstrates that the assembled fault location algorithm holds high robustness and high accuracy.
A Transferable Model for Adsorption in MOFs with Unsaturated Metal Sites (2016)

The number of newly discovered metal–organic frameworks is growing exponentially. Molecular simulation is becoming increasingly important to screen large databases of structures and identify potential candidates for challenging gas separations, but such efforts rely on the availability of accurate molecular models that can predict adsorption in a wide range of different MOFs. MOFs with coordinatively unsaturated sites (CUS) pose particular problems because standard force fields are unable to describe their specific interactions with certain adsorbates. In this Article, we demonstrate that our previous approach to describe adsorption in open metal sites, based on a combination of classical Monte Carlo simulations and quantum-mechanical Density Functional Theory calculations, is transferable to several Cu-containing MOFs. By fitting the parameters of our model to match adsorption energies of ethylene on HKUST-1 and transferring them to the Cu-paddlewheel units of other MOFs, we obtain predictions in good agreement with experimental adsorption measurements. Where agreement is not as satisfactory, we show that this can be explained by limited accessibility or diffusion through the pore network. For one particular MOF, UMCM-150, we show that separate parameters need to be used for the Cu-trimer unit, for which the interaction energies with ethylene are much lower than those in the Cu-paddlewheel. Overall, our approach demonstrates that the specific CUS interactions in MOFs can be parametrized separately from other interaction types, such as van der Waals, thus opening the way for the development of an accurate and fully transferable force field for this class of materials.
The Inflammatory Response and Cardiac Repair After Myocardial Infarction (2009)

One of the most important therapeutic targets of current cardiology practice is to determine optimal strategies for the minimization of myocardial necrosis and optimization of cardiac repair following an acute myocardial infarction. Myocardial necrosis after acute myocardial infarction induces complement activation and free radical generation, triggering a cytokine cascade initiated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release. When reperfusion of the infarcted area is initiated, intense inflammation follows. Chemokines, cytokines and the complement system play an important role in recruiting neutrophils in the ischemic and reperfused myocardium. Cytokines promote adhesive interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells, resulting in transmigration of inflammatory cells into the site of injury. The recruited neutrophils have potent cytotoxic effects through the release of proteolytic enzymes, and they interact with adhesion molecules on cardiomyocytes. In spite of the potential injury, reperfusion enhances cardiac repair; this may be related to the inflammatory response. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 is upregulated in reperfused myocardium and can induce monocyte recruitment in the infarcted area. Monocyte subsets play a role in phagocytosis of dead cardiomyocytes and in granulation tissue formation. In addition, the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta plays a crucial role in cardiac repair by suppressing inflammation. Resolution of inflammatory infiltration, containment of inflammation and the reparative response affecting the infarcted area are essential for optimal infarct healing. Here, we review the current literature on the inflammatory response and cardiac repair after myocardial infarction.
THE EVOLUTION OF PHENOTYPIC CORRELATIONS AND “DEVELOPMENTAL MEMORY” (2013)

Development introduces structured correlations among traits that may constrain or bias the distribution of phenotypes produced. Moreover, when suitable heritable variation exists, natural selection may alter such constraints and correlations, affecting the phenotypic variation available to subsequent selection. However, exactly how the distribution of phenotypes produced by complex developmental systems can be shaped by past selective environments is poorly understood. Here we investigate the evolution of a network of recurrent nonlinear ontogenetic interactions, such as a gene regulation network, in various selective scenarios. We find that evolved networks of this type can exhibit several phenomena that are familiar in cognitive learning systems. These include formation of a distributed associative memory that can "store" and "recall" multiple phenotypes that have been selected in the past, recreate complete adult phenotypic patterns accurately from partial or corrupted embryonic phenotypes, and "generalize" (by exploiting evolved developmental modules) to produce new combinations of phenotypic features. We show that these surprising behaviors follow from an equivalence between the action of natural selection on phenotypic correlations and associative learning, well-understood in the context of neural networks. This helps to explain how development facilitates the evolution of high-fitness phenotypes and how this ability changes over evolutionary time.