gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contribution of global groundwater depletion since 1900 to sea-level rise (2011)

[1] Removal of water from terrestrial subsurface storage is a natural consequence of groundwater withdrawals, but global depletion is not well characterized. Cumulative groundwater depletion represents a transfer of mass from land to the oceans that contributes to sea-level rise. Depletion is directly calculated using calibrated groundwater models, analytical approaches, or volumetric budget analyses for multiple aquifer systems. Estimated global groundwater depletion during 1900–2008 totals ∼4,500 km3, equivalent to a sea-level rise of 12.6 mm (>6% of the total). Furthermore, the rate of groundwater depletion has increased markedly since about 1950, with maximum rates occurring during the most recent period (2000–2008), when it averaged ∼145 km3/yr (equivalent to 0.40 mm/yr of sea-level rise, or 13% of the reported rate of 3.1 mm/yr during this recent period).
Monocarboxylic Acid Transport (2013)

Monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, and the ketone bodies play major roles in metabolism and must be transported across both the plasma membrane and mitochondrial inner membrane. A family of five proton-linked MonoCarboxylate Transporters (MCTs) is involved in the former and the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) mediates the latter. In the intestine and kidney, two Sodium-coupled MonoCarboxylate Transporters (SMCTs) provide active transport of monocarboxylates across the apical membrane of the epithelial cells with MCTs on the basolateral membrane transporting the accumulated monocarboxylate into the blood. The kinetics and substrate and inhibitor specificities of MCTs, SMCTs, and the MPC have been well characterized and the molecular identity of the MCTs and SMCTs defined unequivocally. The identity of the MPC is less certain. The MCTs have been extensively studied and the three-dimensional structure of MCT1 has been modeled and a likely catalytic mechanism proposed. MCTs require the binding of a single transmembrane glycoprotein (either embigin or basigin) for activity. Regulation of MCT activity involves both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms, examples being upregulation of MCT1 by chronic exercise in red muscle (which oxidizes lactate) and in T-lymphocytes upon stimulation. MCT4 has properties that make it especially suited for lactic acid export by glycolytic cells and is upregulated by hypoxia. Some disease states are associated with modulation of plasma membrane and mitochondrial monocarboxylate transport and MCTs are promising drug targets for cancer chemotherapy. They may also be involved in drug uptake from the intestine and subsequent transport across the blood brain barrier.
Optimal choice of sample fraction in extreme-value estimation (1991)

We study the asymptotic bias of the moment estimator [gamma]n for the extreme-value index [gamma] [set membership, variant] 5 under quite natural and general conditions on the underlying distribution function. Furthermore the optimal choice for the sample franction in estimating [gamma] is considered by minimizing the mean squared error of [gamma]n - [gamma]. The results cover all three limiting types of extreme-value theory. The connection between statistics and regular variation and [Pi]-variation is handled in a systematic way.
A Hybrid Protocol to Secure the Cloud from Insider Threats (2014)

Data Outsourcing has evolved rapidly with the advent of cloud computing wherein third parties provide storage services. Insider attacks still continue to haunt cloud users as they tend to cause unprecedented damage, especially when privileged users who have access to sensitive information go rogue. Many proposals have been made to Secure the Cloud from Insider threat Attacks and most of the standard approaches have been proven to fail from time to time. In this paper, an implementation of a Hybrid protocol that uses Selective Encryption with data cleaning, Enhanced Neural Network based user profiling and decoy technology to combat the insider threat has been proposed. The proposed system gave unprecedented level of security.
Ankyrin-binding proteins related to nervous system cell adhesion molecules: candidates to provide transmembrane and intercellular connections in adult brain. (1993)

A major class of ankyrin-binding glycoproteins have been identified in adult rat brain of 186, 155, and 140 kD that are alternatively spliced products of the same pre-mRNA. Characterization of cDNAs demonstrated that ankyrin-binding glycoproteins (ABGPs) share 72% amino acid sequence identity with chicken neurofascin, a membrane-spanning neural cell adhesion molecule in the Ig super-family expressed in embryonic brain. ABGP polypeptides have the following features consistent with a role as ankyrin-binding proteins in vitro and in vivo: (a) ABGPs and ankyrin associate as pure proteins in a 1:1 molar stoichiometry; (b) the ankyrin-binding site is located in the COOH-terminal 21 kD of ABGP186 which contains the predicted cytoplasmic domain; (c) ABGP186 is expressed at approximately the same levels as ankyrin (15 pmoles/milligram of membrane protein); and (d) ABGP polypeptides are co-expressed with the adult form of ankyrinB late in postnatal development and are colocalized with ankyrinB by immunofluorescence. Similarity in amino acid sequence and conservation of sites of alternative splicing indicate that genes encoding ABGPs and neurofascin share a common ancestor. However, the major differences in developmental expression reported for neurofascin in embryos versus the late postnatal expression of ABGPs suggest that ABGPs and neurofascin represent products of gene duplication events that have subsequently evolved in parallel with distinct roles. The predicted cytoplasmic domains of rat ABGPs and chicken neurofascin are nearly identical to each other and closely related to a group of nervous system cell adhesion molecules with variable extracellular domains, which includes L1, Nr-CAM, and Ng-CAM of vertebrates, and neuroglian of Drosophila. The ankyrin-binding site of rat ABGPs is localized to the C-terminal 200 residues which encompass the cytoplasmic domain, suggesting the hypothesis that ability to associate with ankyrin may be a shared feature of neurofascin and related nervous system cell adhesion molecules.
Optimal control of linear multivariable systems with quadratic performance criteria (1970)

The optimal control of continuous-time linear multivariable systems with finite- and infinite-time quadratic performance is investigated using the maximum principle. The time-varying optimal-control law is shown to be related to the matrix Riccati differential equation, and a solution is obtained in terms of the components of the transition matrix associated with the linear system of 2n differential equations in the n state variables and the n adjoint variables. The time-varying transition-matrix formulation is also used to develop a solution of the steady-state matrix Riccati and associated Lyapunov equations. The infinite-time optimal-control solution is derived in terms of partitioned eigenvector components related to the stable modes of the augmented system, and the technique is shown to be similar in principle to the method previously developed for reducing the order of a set of matrix differential equations by neglecting high-order modes. The results are also shown to be related to the solution of the algebraic Riccati equation and are used to develop an eigenvector solution for the Lyapunov equation. The techniques are extended to consider the optimal control of the linear system containing input derivatives. Results are obtained for the optimal control of a 1st- and 2nd-order linear system and for a 6th-order model representing the dynamics of a superheater system. The various techniques available for obtaining a solution of the linear optimal-control problem, namely the recurrence-type control algorithm based on dynamic programming, the eigenvector solution of the steady-state Riccati equation and the solution obtained by numerical integration of the time-varying Riccati equation, are compared.
Synthese und Reaktionen von 3‐Acyl‐2‐methylthio‐chromonen<sup>1</sup>) (1983)

Abstract Die 3‐Acyl‐2‐methylthio‐chromone 5a, 5c und 5d reagieren mit Hydroxid‐ und Alkoxidionen sowie Aminen unter Verdrängung der Methylthio‐Gruppe zu den in 2‐Stellung substituierten 3‐Acyl‐chromonen 8 und 10a–10p bzw. den 3‐Acyl‐4‐hydroxy‐cumarinen 6a und 6b. Mit Hydrazin, Hydroxylamin, o‐Phenylendiamin, Guanidin und Amidin‐Derivaten entstehen die anellierten Chromone 11a–11c, 12, 13 und 14a–14e. .
A fully integrated circuit for MEMS vibrating gyroscope using standard 0.25um CMOS process (2011)

This paper presents an all-in-one fully integrated circuit solution for a vibrating micro-electromechanical gyroscope system using standard 0.25um 1P5M low voltage CMOS process. The analog parts of the system include a trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) with adaptive gain control (AGC) for the resonator driving loop, a sigma-delta modulator with gain/offset trimming function for the Coriolis signal read-out and a modified all PMOS charge pump for the high DC voltage. The digital signal processing parts include a trimming/control logic circuit and an I2C interface. SOG-bulk micromachining and deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) are adopted to fabricate the gyroscope sensor element with high aspect-ratio sensing structure and high yield. The experimental results indicate that the noise floor achieves 0.051° / s/ √Hz and the scale factor is 7mV/ °/s of the proposed two chip MEMS gyroscope system.
In vivo observations and electron microscopy of treatment of experimental HSV keratitis with anti-HSV monoclonal antibodies. (1996)

Topical application of anti-HSV monoclonal antibodies produced marked antiviral effects in inhibiting the development of experimental herpetic keratitis in rabbits and in protecting the susceptible corneal cells. As a new biological product, the anti-HSV monoclonal antibodies may provide a new approach to the treatment of HSV keratits.
Silicon micromachining for micro-replicationtechnologies (1994)

Silicon micromachining is applied to the fabrication of highly precise mould inserts to be used in the micro-replication of polymer waveguide components with integrated fibre alignment grooves. The waveguide structures with rectangular cross-section are realised by an anisotropic RIE process, whereas the integrated passive fibre alignment grooves are formed by anisotropic wet chemical etching. Two processes (a two-mask process and a selfaligned one-mask process) are described for the accurate alignment of waveguide structures and fibre alignment grooves.
Defining the data processing manager's role (1969)

THE rôle of the data processing manager in terms of managing a data processing function, of the computer itself, and of people responsible for systems analysis and design, programming and operation, appears self evident. However, it provides particular management problems which must be taken into account when selecting the manager. Furthermore, this selection process must also take account of his rôle as an innovator; the rôle in which he directly affects the established management pattern of activities and the means of achieving management objectives.
Computer-integrated manufacturing in the chemical industry (1996)

The possibilities of implementing computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) in the process industry, and the chemical industry in particular, are addressed in this article. After presenting some distinct differences of the process industry in relation to discrete manufacturing, a number of focal points are discussed. Interviews with managers of six chemical firms indicate that the process industry may benefit from a new CIM approach to management thinking.
Enumeration, isomorphism and Hamiltonicity of Cayley graphs: 2-generated and cubic (2002)

This thesis explores 2-generated and cubic Cayley graphs. All 2-generated Cayley graphs with generators from Sn where n < 9, were generated. Further, 3-generated cubic Cayley graphs, where n < 7, were also generated. Among these, the cubic Cayley graphs with up to 40320 vertices were tested for various properties including Hamiltonicity and diameter. These results are available on the internet in easy to read tables. The motivation for the testing of Cayley graphs for Hamiltonicity was the conjecture that states that every connected Cayley graph is Hamiltonian.\nNew enumeration results are presented for various classes of 2-generated Cayley graphs. Previously known enumeration results are presented for cubic Cayley graphs.Finally, isomorphism and color isomorphism of 2-generated and cubic Cay­ley graphs is explored. Numerous new results are presented.\nAll algorithms used in this thesis are explained in full.
Effective network of deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nucleus with bimodal positron emission tomography/functional magnetic resonance imaging in Parkinson's disease (2017)

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) may deactivate the motor cortex as a remote and network effect, affecting the target and the neighboring subcortical areas. These areas may constitute an effective network of STN-DBS modulation. Our results shed light on the mechanisms of STN-DBS treatment from a network perspective and highlight the potential therapeutic benefits of targeted network modulation.
<scp>Homeowners Insurance With Bundled Catastrophe Coverage</scp> (2004)

Abstract We estimate the demand for homeowners insurance in Florida and New York with indicated loss costs as our proxy for the quantity of real insurance services demanded. We decompose the demand into the demand for coverage of catastrophe perils and the demand for noncatastrophe coverage and estimate these demand functions separately. Our results are relatively consistent in New York and Florida, including evidence that catastrophe demand is more price elastic than noncatastrophe demand. We also find evidence that consumers value options that expand coverage, buy more insurance when it is subsidized through regulatory price constraints, and consider state guaranty fund provisions when purchasing insurance.
End-to-end Adversarial Learning for Generative Conversational Agents (2017)

This paper presents a new adversarial learning method for generative conversational agents (GCA) besides a new model of GCA. Similar to previous works on adversarial learning for dialogue generation, our method assumes the GCA as a generator that aims at fooling a discriminator that labels dialogues as human-generated or machine-generated; however, in our approach, the discriminator performs token-level classification, i.e. it indicates whether the current token was generated by humans or machines. To do so, the discriminator also receives the context utterances (the dialogue history) and the incomplete answer up to the current token as input. This new approach makes possible the end-to-end training by backpropagation. A self-conversation process enables to produce a set of generated data with more diversity for the adversarial training. This approach improves the performance on questions not related to the training data. Experimental results with human and adversarial evaluations show that the adversarial method yields significant performance gains over the usual teacher forcing training.
Graphene allotropes (2011)

Abstract Using the density‐functional‐based tight‐binding method (DF‐TB) we performed a systematic comparative study of stability, structural, and electronic properties for 12 various types of graphene allotropes, which are likely candidates for engineering of novel graphene‐like materials.
K<sub>3</sub>CrO<sub>8</sub> in K<sub>3</sub>NbO<sub>8</sub> as a Proposed Standard for <i>g</i>-Factor, Spin Concentration, and Field Calibration in High-Field EPR Spectroscopy (1999)

Currently there is a lack of an internal standard for EPR spectroscopy employing magnetic fields higher than about 3 T. It is here suggested that the solid solution of 0.5% K3CrO8 into K3NbO8 fulfills many of the requirements of such a standard. Its main EPR signal is due to a 3d1 electron and consists of a single sharp peak for single-crystal samples. The peak width ranges from 1.5 G (0.15 mT) at the X-band (Bo = 0.34 T) to 4 G (0.4 mT) at 330 GHz (Bo = 11.8 T). The g-values have been determined as g⊥ = 1.98508 ± 0.00005 and g∥ = 1.94272 ± 0.00005. This high degree of precision is necessary because EPR work at high frequencies can resolve g-tensors to six or seven significant figures. Additionally, K3CrO8 in K3NbO8 provides a field calibration standard via a weak but well-resolved hyperfine structure from its 53Cr isotope (I = 3/2, natural abundance 9.5%): A∥ = 39.55 ± 0.08 G, A⊥ = 11.49 ± 0.05 G. Variable-temperature and variable-frequency studies demonstrate that this sample can serve as a reliable standard for EPR measurements over the range of at least 5−300 K and 9−330 GHz. The sample can be prepared in a simple, reproducible way and can serve also as a standard for absolute spin count, thus making it unique among the other standards in current usage.
3-D traveltime computation using second-order ENO scheme (1999)

Abstract We consider a second-order finite difference scheme to solve the eikonal equation. Upwind differences are requisite to sharply resolve discontinuities in the traveltime derivatives, whereas centered differences improve the accuracy of the computed traveltime. A second-order upwind essentially non-oscillatory (ENO) scheme satisfies these requirements. It is implemented with a dynamic down "n" out (DNO) marching, an expanding box approach. To overcome the instability of such an expanding box scheme, the algorithm incorporates an efficient post sweeping (PS), a correction-by-iteration method. Near the source, an efficient and accurate mesh-refinement initialization scheme is suggested for the DNO marching. The resulting algorithm, ENO-DNO-PS, turns out to be unconditionally stable, of second-order accuracy, and efficient; for various synthetic and real velocity models having large contrasts, two PS iterations produce traveltimes accurate enough to complete the computation.
Scottish Writing Today (1967)

Scottish Writing Today Get access Robin Fulton, Robin Fulton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Edwin Morgan Edwin Morgan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar English: Journal of the English Association, Volume 16, Issue 96, Autumn 1967, Pages 224–229, https://doi.org/10.1093/english/16.96.224 Published: 01 October 1967
Electrostatic Chameleons in Biological Systems (2010)

Due to large equilibrium fluctuations of protons at physiological pH, the orthophosphate ion as well as the imidazole group on histidine substantially regulate their charge upon approaching charged interfaces. This implies that these-and comparable-ions function as electostatic "proximity switches" when interacting with lipid membranes, DNA, proteins, etc. Using straightforward statistical thermodynamics as well as mesoscopic computer simulations we quantify the charge regulation mechanism and argue that it is important in a range of biological as well as technical processes.
The Market Model of Interest Rate Dynamics (1997)

A class of term structure models with volatility of lognormal type is analyzed in the general HJM framework. The corresponding market forward rates do not explode, and are positive and mean reverting. Pricing of caps and floors is consistent with the Black formulas used in the market. Swaptions are priced with closed formulas that reduce (with an extra assumption) to exactly the Black swaption formulas when yield and volatility are flat. A two–factor version of the model is calibrated to the U.K. market price of caps and swaptions and to the historically estimated correlation between the forward rates.
Research progress on the FGFR3 gene mutation and achondroplasia (2010)

Achondroplasia(achondroplasia,ACH,MIM100800),the most common form of human dwarfism is a non-lethal autosomal dominant condition that occurs in approximately 1∶20 000 births.The phenotype is characterized by rhizomelic disproportionate short stature,normo-pars trunci correspond,associated with enlarged head.Recently,there is a breakthrough advancement in the research of the ACH gene reveals that ACH results from a single point mutation in Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3(fibroblast growth factor receptor,FGFR3,MIM134934) transmembrane domain.In 95% of the patients,there is a Glycine to Arginine substitution at position 380.
Pentamidine isethionate in the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (1985)

The chemistry, antiprotozoal activity, pharmacology, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, dosage, administration, and hospital formulary considerations of pentamidine isethionate are reviewed. Pentamidine, an aromatic diamidine, has been used since the 1940s to treat a variety of protozoal infections. It is now most commonly administered in the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). It is generally not metabolized, and it is stored or bound to tissue and excreted slowly as the parent compound. Pentamidine is clearly effective in the treatment of PCP; however, the high incidence of adverse reactions associated with the drug led to the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) as the first-line agent for PCP. Recent studies have reported a high incidence of adverse reactions, including leukopenia and hepatotoxicity, associated with the use of TMP-SMX therapy for PCP in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The severity and frequency of these reactions suggest a possible new role for pentamidine in patients with AIDS who have PCP. The recommended intramuscular and intravenous dosage of pentamidine isethionate for adults and children is 4 mg/kg/day for 14 days. Intramuscular administration is recommended; however, intravenous administration is a safe alternative if the dose is infused over a 60-minute period. Pentamidine isethionate has specific application in the treatment of PCP as a second-line agent reserved for patients who cannot tolerate TMP-SMX.
Stress, immunity and illness — a review (1987)

Psychological factors have long been thought to play a contributing role in either the predisposition, onset or course of various physical illnesses. Recently, rapid advances in immunology have created interest in the interaction between psychosocial factors, behaviour and the immune system. This paper reviews some of the models proposed to explain the relationship between psychological variables and physical illness and presents evidence for a contribution of psychological factors to certain illnesses in which abnormalities in immunologic state are thought to be important. From a somewhat different perspective, animal studies have demonstrated complex effects of stress, on disease susceptibility. Recent human studies have demonstrated consistent immunologic changes in people undergoing acute naturally occurring psychological stress such as bereavement or an important examination. In humans, the effects of chronic stress may be different from acute stress, corresponding to the findings in animals. Abnormalities in immunologic functioning and physical illness are reviewed for different psychiatric disorders--depression, anorexia nervosa and schizophrenia; depression is the only disorder which consistently demonstrated immunologic changes. Possible mechanisms for the stress/immune-change relationship are suggested.
Preparation of 5-Aryl Furfurals and Aryl Thiophene-2-carboxaldehydes via Palladium-Catalyzed C−C Bond Formation in Aqueous Media<sup>1</sup> (1999)

A series of 5-aryl furfurals and aryl thiophene-2-carboxaldehydes was synthesized. To this end, efficient and effective palladium-catalyzed C−C bond-forming reactions were carried out at room temperature in aqueous media. This mild process allowed the cross-coupling reaction of the bromides to occur in the presence of electrophilic functional groups, which is a valuable advantage over previously reported methods.