gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combatting cyanobacteria with hydrogen peroxide: a laboratory study on the consequences for phytoplankton community and diversity (2015)

Experiments with different phytoplankton densities in lake samples showed that a high biomass increases the rate of hydrogen peroxide (HP) degradation and decreases the effectiveness of HP in the selective suppression of dominant cyanobacteria. However, selective application of HP requires usage of low doses only, accordingly this defines the limits for use in lake mitigation. To acquire insight into the impact of HP on other phytoplankton species, we have followed the succession of three phytoplankton groups in lake samples that were treated with different concentrations of HP using a taxa-specific fluorescence emission test. This fast assay reports relatively well on coarse changes in the phytoplankton community; the measured data and the counts from microscopical analysis of the phytoplankton matched quite well. The test was used to pursue HP application in a Planktothrix agardhii-dominated lake sample and displayed a promising shift in the phytoplankton community in only a few weeks. From a low-diversity community, a change to a status with a significantly higher diversity and increased abundance of eukaryotic phytoplankton species was established. Experiments in which treated samples were re-inoculated with original P. agardhii-rich lake water demonstrated prolonged suppression of cyanobacteria, and displayed a remarkable stability of the newly developed post-HP treatment state of the phytoplankton community.
Identifying and analyzing methods for reducing the energy consumption of helicopters (1975)

Reductions in helicopter energy consumption can be accomplished through the use of advanced technology in the areas of powerplant design, improved rotor efficiency, reduced parasite drag, and reduced structural empty weight. Baseline helicopters incorporating technology were designed for a short range (200 n mi) and a very short haul (100 n mi) mission scenario. Parametric analyses were then conducted to determine the impact of technology improvement. Many of the parameters varied are interrelated. A summary of such interactions is presented, and some additional sensitivity values were added so that energy reduction and DOC as affected by the major technological factors or operational modes are clearly defined.
A new face on apoptosis: death‐associated protein 3 and PDCD9 are mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (2001)

Two proteins known to be involved in promoting apoptosis in mammalian cells have been identified as components of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Proteolytic digestion of whole mitochondrial ribosomal subunits followed by analysis of the peptides present using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed that the proapoptotic proteins, death-associated protein 3 (DAP3) and the programmed cell death protein 9, are both components of the mitochondrial ribosome. DAP3 has motifs characteristic of guanine nucleotide binding proteins and is probably the protein that accounts for the nucleotide binding activity of mammalian mitochondrial ribosomes. The observations reported here implicate mitochondrial protein synthesis as a major component in cellular apoptotic signaling pathways.
CAPTCHA Image Generation Systems Using Generative Adversarial Networks (2018)

We propose new CAPTCHA image generation systems by using generative adversarial network (GAN) techniques to strengthen against CAPTCHA solvers. To verify whether a user is human, CAPTCHA images are widely used on the web industry today. We introduce two different systems for generating CAPTCHA images, namely, the distance GAN (D-GAN) and composite GAN (C-GAN). The D-GAN adds distance values to the original CAPTCHA images to generate new ones, and the C-GAN generates a CAPTCHA image by composing multiple source images. To evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes, we used the CAPTCHA breaker software as CAPTCHA solver. Then, we compared the resistance of the original source images and the generated CAPTCHA images against the CAPTCHA solver. The results show that the proposed schemes improve the resistance to the CAPTCHA solver by over 67.1% and 89.8% depending on the system.
Abnormal Pressures in Hydrocarbon Environments (1998)

Abnormal pressures, pressures above or below hydrostatic pressures, occur on all continents in a wide range of geological conditions. According to a survey of published literature on abnormal pressures, compaction disequilibrium and hydrocarbon generation are the two most commonly cited causes of abnormally high pressure in petroleum provinces. In young (Tertiary) deltaic sequences, compaction disequilibrium is the dominant cause of abnormal pressure. In older (pre-Tertiary) lithified rocks, hydrocarbon generation, aquathermal expansion, and tectonics are most often cited as the causes of abnormal pressure.The association of abnormal pressures with hydrocarbon accumulations is statistically significant. Within abnormally pressured reservoirs, empirical evidence indicates that the bulk of economically recoverable oil and gas occurs in reservoirs with pressure gradients less than 0.75 psi/ft (17.4 kPa/m) and there is very little production potential from reservoirs that exceed 0.85 psi/ft (19.6 kPa/m). Abnormally pressured rocks are also commonly associated with unconventional gas accumulations where the pressuring phase is gas of either a thermal or microbial origin. In underpressured, thermally mature rocks, the affected reservoirs have most often experienced a significant cooling history and probably evolved from an originally overpressured system.
A benefit analysis of some software reliability methodologies (1980)

Recent software reliability advances have created a plethora of tools and technique s for making software more trustworthy . A good summary of the methodologies availabl e is given in GLAS79 .
A new maze routing approach for path planning of a mobile robot (2004)

A new path planning approach for a mobile robot among obstacles of arbitrary shape is presented. This approach is based on a higher geometry maze routing algorithm. Starting from a top view of a workspace with obstacles, the so-called free workspace is first obtained by virtually expanding the obstacles in the image. After that, the 8-geometry maze routing algorithm is applied to obtain a shortest collision-free path. The proposed method is not only able to search a shortest path with rotation scheme but also capable to rotate the robot configuration to pass a narrow passage intelligently. The time complexity of the algorithm is O(N), where N is the number of pixels in the free workspace. Furthermore, for many researchers who work on dynamic collision avoidance for multiple autonomous robots and optimal path searching among various terrains (weighted regions), the concept of this algorithm can be applied to solve these problems.
Treatment of dysthymic disorder (1998)

Recent studies support the use of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of dysthymic disorder. This article reviews the relationship of the definition of dysthymic disorder to clinical treatment studies and discusses the treatment of dysthymic disorder with pharmacotherapy (with special emphasis on the use of fluoxetine) and psychotherapy.
Understanding WaveShrink: variance and bias estimation (1996)

Donoho & Johnstone's WaveShrink procedure has proved valuable for function estimation and nonparametric regression. WaveShrink is based on the principle of shrinking wavelet coefficients towards zero to remove noise. WaveShrink has very broad asymptotic near-optimality properties and achieves the optimal risk to within a factor of log n. In this paper, we derive computationally efficient formulae for computing the exact bias, variance and L2 risk of WaveShrink estimates in finite sample situations. We use these formulae to understand the behaviour of WaveShrink estimators, construct approximate confidence intervals and bias estimates for WaveShrink and compute ideal thresholds for a given function. We show that hard shrinkage has smaller bias but larger variance than soft shrinkage, and that significantly smaller thresholds should be used for soft shrinkage. We also compute minimax thresholds for WaveShrink estimators and demonstrate that the minimax thresholds can nearly achieve the ideal rank for a range of functions.
ProLab 2: a driving assistance system (2002)

This paper deals with a driving assistance system developed by the French Pro Art group of Prometheus. The system gives advice about risks and possibilities when the driver executes a manoeuvre. It is embedded in a normal car (605 Peugeot of PSA). It is composed by a perception system and a decision one. This system diagnoses the situation and determines the potential or real risks. The resulting messages are sent to the driver via a "driver/vehicle" interface. The perception system determines the state of our vehicle, the state of the static environment (road, lines, ...), and the state of the dynamical environment (moving obstacles, ...). The global system works out in the standard driving situations in motorway, two carriage ways and in a crossroad in a town.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Revenue Bonds for Commercial Development in West Virginia: The Endorsement by the West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals (1980)

Recently, in State ex rel.The Ohio County Commission v. Samol, 1 the West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals sanctioned the issuance of tax exempt revenue bonds to finance the development of commercial projects under the West Virginia Industrial Development and Commercial Development Bond Act. 2 Although the court had previously sanctioned the revenue bond financing procedure for industrial projects, 3 this case tested the constitutionality of the Act as it applied to commercial projects. 4 With a broad stroke, the court removed any ambiguity in the interpretation of the Act.Upon a finding of public benefit, local governmental authorities in West Virginia now have wide discretion in issuing revenue bonds for economic development.
Investment practices and outcomesof informal venture investors (2005)

Abstract This study explores a model of venture investing developed from the literature on formal venture capital research in the setting of angel investing in the USA. The model explores the role of venture stage, due diligence, deal flow, co-investing and post investment participation on the distribution of returns to angel investors. Doing so directly addresses an interesting question regarding the extent to which formal venture capital practices are appropriate and effective in the typical angel investment setting. In the process, results from the first relatively large-scale study of angel investor outcomes in the USA are reported and related to earlier findings for UK angel investors.
GREEN SUCCESS (2005)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTGREEN SUCCESSPresidential awards honor chemists for developing cleaner and economically viable technologiesSTEPHEN K. RITTERView Author Information C&EN WASHINGTONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2005, 83, 26, 40–43Publication Date (Print):June 27, 2005Publication History Published online14 November 2010Published inissue 27 June 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v083n026.p040https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v083n026.p040newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views12Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Green chemistry Get e-Alerts
Persistence of excitation conditions and the convergence of adaptive schemes (1984)

In the study of the behavior of adaptive filtering algorithms, persistence of excitation of the input process arises as a sufficient condition for convergence and, perhaps more importantly, for convergence rate of the parameter estimates. In this paper the underlying nature of the persistence requirement is presented and discussed, relating its normal specification in terms of moment conditions with covariance decays, etc., to sample path properties. Deterministic and stochastic persistence conditions and persistence measures are treated, as well as, persistence conditions for output-error, equation-error, and adaptive control schemes.
Oral delivery of low molecular weight heparin microspheres prepared using biodegradable polymer matrix system (2008)

Parenteral route is preferred for low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) due to poor oral bioavailability. Biodegradable formulation components were evaluated for possible interactions between the physical mixtures using differential scanning calorimetry. LMWH and an absorption enhancer papain were encapsulated in bovine serum albumin matrix and four formulations were spray-dried (MS.1, MS.2, MS.3, MS.4). Formulations were evaluated for product yield, particle size, particle charge and encapsulation efficiency. In vitro release assessed in pH 7.2 phosphate buffer saline (PBS) revealed a burst release effect (60%) for all the formulations except MS.1. In vivo studies performed in male Sprague Dawley rats showed an enhancement in drug absorption for the MS.2 and MS.3 formulations because of papain action on paracellular tight junctions. A significant increase in LMWH oral bioavailability was demonstrated by MS.3 (21%), among the formulations encapsulated with papain.
Multiclass spectral clustering (2003)

We propose a principled account on multiclass spectral clustering. Given a discrete clustering formulation, we first solve a relaxed continuous optimization problem by eigen-decomposition. We clarify the role of eigenvectors as a generator of all optimal solutions through orthonormal transforms. We then solve an optimal discretization problem, which seeks a discrete solution closest to the continuous optima. The discretization is efficiently computed in an iterative fashion using singular value decomposition and nonmaximum suppression. The resulting discrete solutions are nearly global-optimal. Our method is robust to random initialization and converges faster than other clustering methods. Experiments on real image segmentation are reported.
Postcranial element shape and function: assessing locomotor mode in extant and extinct mustelid carnivorans (2007)

Assessment of locomotor modes in fossil taxa must often be made on the basis of heavily fragmented postcranial material. Previous authors have used quantitative methods to determine locomotor function from whole postcranial elements. The goals of this project were to assess the ability of element shape to discern between locomotor modes through landmark analysis, and to apply the results to assessment of fossils. Results suggest that element shape is a good predictor of function, but that different elements have different predictive capacities for each locomotor mode. Additionally, a relationship between size and shape exists that appears to drive morphological differentiation in the group. Finally, data from the extant sample were applied to fossil material of the extinct Plio-Pleistocene taxon Trigonictis . The results suggest that the locomotor mode of Trigonictis was generalized and probably an intermediate between the half-bound locomotion found in weasels and ferrets and the scansorial locomotion of martens and fishers.
A key assignment scheme for controlling access in partially ordered user hierarchies (2004)

A key assignment scheme whose security is based on solving discrete logarithms is proposed to work out a solution on the access control problem in an arbitrary partially ordered user hierarchy. Each user is assigned a secret key used to efficiently derive his successors' secret key and assigned an encryption key at the same time used to encrypt his information items or files only. Thus, any user can freely change his own encryption key for some security reasons without caring about those security classes with lower clearances to make their information items been reenciphered. And moreover, make a security class be added into or deleted from the hierarchy without changing any issued keys.
Electrodynamics of Solids and Microwave Superconductivity (1999)

Introduction to classical electrodynamics continuum electrodynamics of deformable solids electrodynamics of superconductors in weak fields electrodynamics of superconductors in strong magnetic fields electrodynamics of the Josephson junctions and circuits electromagnetic analysis of transmission lines and waveguides electrodynamics of deformable superconductors.
Vascular endothelial growth factor gene polymorphisms in Behçet's disease. (2004)

Our data indicate that carriers of -634C and I alleles are associated with susceptibility to developing BD.
Prospective study of perinatal transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis (1986)

During a five-year period, 262 (4.7%) of 5,531 pregnant women had positive cervical cultures for<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>, and 131 of their infants were followed up prospectively to ascertain the outcome of chlamydial exposure during the birth process. Culture-confirmed inclusion conjunctivitis of the newborn was seen in 23 (18%) of the infants. Chlamydial pneumonia was diagnosed in 21 (16%) of the infants at risk.<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>was recovered from 47 of the infants (36%), while 79 (60%) showed serologic evidence of infection. Subclinical rectal and vaginal infections were detected in 14% of infants at risk. In our population, 2.8% of newborn infants show serologic evidence of perinatal chlamydial infection and 1.4% develop either chlamydial pneumonia or conjunctivitis. Incidence rates of this magnitude indicate the need for programs aimed at preventing perinatal transmission of<i>C trachomatis</i>. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:3374-3377)
Empiric Antibiotic Treatment Reduces Mortality in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock From the First Hour (2014)

The results of the analysis of this large population of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock demonstrate that delay in first antibiotic administration was associated with increased in-hospital mortality. In addition, there was a linear increase in the risk of mortality for each hour delay in antibiotic administration. These results underscore the importance of early identification and treatment of septic patients in the hospital setting.
A Galacto-Oligosaccharides Preparation Derived From Lactulose Protects Against Colorectal Cancer Development in an Animal Model (2018)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common neoplasias worldwide, and its incidence is increasing. Consumption of prebiotics is a useful strategy in order to prevent this important disease. These nutraceutical compounds might exert protective biological functions as antitumors. In order to test the chemopreventive effect of GOS-Lu (galacto-oligosaccharides derived from lactulose) prebiotic preparation against this cancer, an animal model (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i> F344) was used. In this model, two doses of azoxymethane (10 mg/kg) and two treatments with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) were administered to the animals. Animals were fed for 20 weeks, and either control drinking water or drinking water containing 10% (w/w) GOS-Lu prebiotic preparation was provided to them. Animals were sacrificed after those 20 weeks, and their digestive tract tissues were analyzed. The results revealed a statistically significant reduction in the number of colon tumors in the GOS-Lu cohort with respect to control animals. Metagenomics sequencing was used for studying colon microbiota populations, revealing significant reductions in populations of pro-inflammatory bacteria families and species, and significant increases in interesting beneficial populations, such as <i>Bifidobacterium</i>. Therefore, oral administration of the prebiotic GOS-Lu preparation may be an effective strategy for preventing CRC.
Implicit Look-alike Modelling in Display Ads: Transfer Collaborative Filtering to CTR Estimation (2016)

User behaviour targeting is essential in online advertising. Compared with sponsored search keyword targeting and contextual advertising page content targeting, user behaviour targeting builds users' interest profiles via tracking their online behaviour and then delivers the relevant ads according to each user's interest, which leads to higher targeting accuracy and thus more improved advertising performance. The current user profiling methods include building keywords and topic tags or mapping users onto a hierarchical taxonomy. However, to our knowledge, there is no previous work that explicitly investigates the user online visits similarity and incorporates such similarity into their ad response prediction. In this work, we propose a general framework which learns the user profiles based on their online browsing behaviour, and transfers the learned knowledge onto prediction of their ad response. Technically, we propose a transfer learning model based on the probabilistic latent factor graphic models, where the users' ad response profiles are generated from their online browsing profiles. The large-scale experiments based on real-world data demonstrate significant improvement of our solution over some strong baselines.
Discussion: Agricultural Economics 1950–2000 (1975)

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Proof of Retrieval and Ownership Protocols for Images through SPIHT Compression (2014)

In this paper, novel proof of retrieval (POR) and proof of ownership (POW) protocols for images based on the use of the SPIHT compression algorithm are proposed. The POR protocol can be run by the users to ensure that their images are stored securely in the cloud, and the POW protocol can be run by the cloud storage provider (CSP) to authenticate the true owner of the images. The efficiency of our scheme relies on the fact that only a fraction of the compressed data is used for encoding the images. Experimental results are provided to validate the stated goals.