gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Water Soluble, Core-Modified Porphyrins. 3. Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and in Vitro Studies of Photosensitization, Uptake, and Localization with Carboxylic Acid-Substituted Derivatives (2003)

Water soluble, core-modified porphyrins 1-5 bearing 1-4 carboxylic acid groups were prepared and evaluated in vitro as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. The 21,23-core-modified porphyrins 1-5 gave band I absorption maxima with lambda(max) of 695-701 nm. The number of carboxylic acid groups in the dithiaporphyrins 1-4 had little effect on either absorption maxima (lambda(max) of 696-701 nm for band I) or quantum yields of singlet oxygen generation [phi((1)O(2)) of 0.74-0.80]. Substituting two Se atoms for S gave a shorter band I absorption maximum (lambda(max) of 695 nm) and a smaller value for the quantum yield for generation of singlet oxygen [phi((1)O(2)) of 0.30]. The phototoxicity of 1-5 was evaluated against R3230AC cells. The phototoxicities of dithiaporphyrin 2, sulfonated thiaporphyrin 30, HPPH, and Photofrin were also evaluated against Colo-26 cells in culture using 4 J cm(-2) of 570-800 nm light. Compound 2 was significantly more phototoxic than sulfonated dithiaporphyrin 30, HPPH, or Photofrin. Cellular uptake was much greater for compounds 1, 2, and 5 relative to compounds 3 and 4. Confocal scanning laser microscopy and double labeling experiments with rhodamine 123 suggested that the mitochondria were an important target for dithiaporphyrins 1 and 2. Inhibition of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity in whole R3230AC cells was observed in the dark with compounds 1 and 30 and both in the dark and in the light with core-modified porphyrin 2.
Wild type and tailless CD8 display similar interaction with microfilaments during capping (1991)

We examined the influence of the intracytoplasmic region of CD8 alpha on capping and interaction with microfilaments. We used cell clones obtained by transfecting a CD4+ T-cell hybridoma with (a) T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha and beta chains from a cytolytic clone and (b) CD8 alpha genes that were either native or modified by extensive deletion of the intracytoplasmic region or replacement of the transmembrane and intracytoplasmic domains with those of a class I major histocompatibility complex gene (Letourneur et al. (1990). Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 2339-2343). Different cell surface structures were cross-linked with anti-T-cell receptor, anti-CD8 or anti-class I monoclonal antibodies and anti-immunoglobulin (Fab')2. Double labeling and quantitative image analysis were combined to monitor fluorescence anisotropy and correlation between different markers. Microfilaments displayed maximal polarization within two minutes. The correlation between these structures and surface markers was then maximal and started decreasing, whereas the redistribution of surface markers remained stable or continued. Furthermore, wild type and altered CD8 alpha exhibited similar ability to be capped and to induce co-capping of TCR and MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class I: the fraction of cell surface label redistributed into a localized cap ranged between 40% and 80%. Finally, cytochalasin D dramatically decreased CD8 capping in all tested clones. It is concluded that the transmembrane and/or intracellular domains of CD8 molecules are able to drive the extensive redistributions of membrane structures and cytoskeletal elements that are triggered by CD8 cross-linking.
Geospatial Information Technology for Emergency Response: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (2008)

When disaster occurs, the response phase is viewed as the most critical in terms of saving lives and protecting property. Exploring the development of increased efficiency in emergency services, this volume covers technological advances that allow wider, faster, and more effective utilization of geospatial information. It discusses advances in positioning, virtual reality, and simulation models leading to improved response times in emergency situations. The book also discusses legislative attempts to promote the broader sharing and accessibility of vital information. The authors cover data collection, data production, data management, and 3D routing, as well as lesser known emerging technologies.
Plasma Nitridation of HfO2 Gate Dielectric on p-GaAs Substrates (2008)

Plasma nitridation (PN) method has been used for nitrogen incorporation in HfO2 based gate dielectrics for future GaAs-based CMOS devices. It has been demonstrated that the introduction of nitrogen in HfO2 on p-GaAs improves the interface quality and bulk oxide properties. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy results show that the plasmanitridation of HfO2 effectively suppresses the interfacial oxide formation and elemental out diffusion of As during thermal treatment. Such suppression of out-diffusion led to a substantial enhancement in the overall dielectric properties of the HfO2 film. It has been found that the metal-oxide-semiconductor device characteristics such as interface-state-density, accumulationcapacitance, hysteresis, and leakage current improve for nitrided HfO2 films on p-GaAs. An equivalent-oxide-thickness of 3.5 nm and leakage current density of 10-6 Acm-2 has been achieved at VFB -1 V, for nitrided-HfO2 films. In addition, the effects of nitrogen in HfO2 on band alignments have also been studied.
Towards a communication-aware task scheduling strategy for heterogeneous systems (2001)

Occult coagulopathy was rarely diagnosed at PTB, but this may be limited by inconsistent screening. PT and PTT are not sensitive tests for vWD, and normal coagulation labs may lead to delayed diagnosis. The literature reveals occult coagulopathy is rare but often diagnosed after severe or recurrent hemorrhage. In order to provide efficient care and medical management, a standardized algorithm and sensitive labs for screening PTB patients are needed.
A Clinical case of Duodenal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor with a Peculiarity in the Surgical Approach (2005)

We describe a case of duodenal, third portion, segmental resection for gastrointestinal stromal tumor. A 76-year-old man was referred for gastrointestinal bleeding, dyspnea and asthenia. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed a duodenal bleeding fistula. Computerized tomography demonstrated a retroperitoneal mass that compressed and displaced forward the third duodenal tract. Segmental resection of the third portion of the duodenum with a subtotal gastrectomy was performed. The patient was reconstructed with a termino-terminal duodenal anastomosis of the second and the fourth tract and with a Roux-en-Y gastrojejunum anastomosis. There were no postoperative complications. This duodenectomy procedure could be useful as a less extensive resection for duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor located in the third portion of the duodenum when the tumor is well capsulated, when the surrounding structures are not infiltrated and when there are no vascular difficulties. The technique reduces the morbidity and mortality correlated with duodenocefalopancreasectomy and improves postsurgical quality of life without worsening the risk of recurrence.
ChemInform Abstract: Denitrogenation of Bicyclic Azoalkanes Through Photosensitized Electron Transfer: Generation and Intramolecular Trapping of Radical Cations. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Active filtering for common mode conducted EMI reduction in voltage source inverters (2002)

As solid-state power converters become more numerous, the unwanted EMI effects created by these converters increase. To address this issue, more attention has recently been given to the reduction of electromagnetic emissions created by power electronics. The proliferation of solid-state inverters brings the cost of semiconductors down, making active filtering an attractive alternative to passive filter topologies. Active filtering may also realize higher efficiency than passive filtering. This paper focuses on an active filter topology that significantly reduces the common mode voltage created by voltage source inverters. The reduction of common mode voltage is achieved by introducing a novel inverter topology and a new hysteresis modulation strategy to control this inverter topology.
Space-Time Adaptive Processing With Vertical Frequency Diverse Array for Range-Ambiguous Clutter Suppression (2016)

A high-pulse-repetition-frequency (PRF) radar can handle the high Doppler frequencies of clutter echoes received by a fast-moving airborne radar. However, high-PRF radar causes range ambiguity. In addition, the clutter is range dependent when the airborne radar works in a forward-looking geometry. The range ambiguity and range dependence will lead to severe performance degradation of the traditional space-time adaptive processing (STAP) methods. In this paper, a vertical frequency diverse array (FDA), which applies frequency diversity in the vertical of a planar array, is explored to circumvent the range ambiguity problem in STAP radar. A range-ambiguous clutter suppression approach is devised, which consists of vertical spatial frequency compensation and pre-STAP filtering. In the vertical-FDA radar, the vertical spatial frequency depends not only on the depression angle but also on the slant range. By using this characteristic, the range-ambiguous clutter can be separated in the vertical spatial frequency domain, and then, clutter suppression is achieved for each separated range region. As a result, both problems of range ambiguity and range dependence are solved. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
2′,5′-Phosphodiesterase Activity Depends Upon the Presence of a 3-Hydroxyl Moiety in the Penultimate Position of the Oligonucleotide Substrate (1987)

Abstract 3′-Deoxyadenosine-substituted analogs of 2–5A core 5′-mono-phosphate were examined for their degradation by the 2′-phosphodiesterase of mouse cells, leading to the conclusion that the 2′,5′-phosphodiesterase requires the presence of 3′-hydroxyl moiety in the penultimate nucleotide
New directions in the design and evaluation of anti-cancer drugs. (1988)

The process of anti-cancer drug development undergoes continual change, responding to a variety of scientific and economic pressures. Institutional changes have resulted from the very success of drugs such as doxorubicin, which by their clinical success have greatly expanded the market and altered the economics of cancer chemotherapy, leading to a much greater involvement by the commercial pharmaceutical companies in basic drug design. Scientific changes have been driven by improved cell and molecular biological techniques, which have suggested new targets for therapy and have provided a much wider variety of laboratory biological test systems against which to evaluate new compounds. This review attempts to classify drugs in terms of the level of tumour cell selectivity (sub-cellular, cell kinetics, supra-cellular) which they possess. Seen from this perspective, the recent trend towards the development of non-myelosuppressive agents is more clearly defined as a move towards seeking selectivity at the sub- or supra-cellular levels, rather than at the traditional level of cell kinetics.
Gas-phase stabilities of symmetric proton-held dimer cations (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas-phase stabilities of symmetric proton-held dimer cationsKenzo Hiraoka, Hajime Takimoto, and Shinichi YamabeCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 22, 5910–5914Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100280a090https://doi.org/10.1021/j100280a090research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Cytochrome P450 1B1–Mediated Estrogen Metabolism Results in Estrogen-Deoxyribonucleoside Adduct Formation (2007)

The oxidative metabolism of estrogens has been implicated in the development of breast cancer; yet, relatively little is known about the mechanism by which estrogens cause DNA damage and thereby initiate mammary carcinogenesis. To determine how the metabolism of the parent hormone 17beta-estradiol (E2) leads to the formation of DNA adducts, we used the recombinant, purified phase I enzyme, cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1), which is expressed in breast tissue, to oxidize E2 in the presence of 2'-deoxyguanosine or 2'-deoxyadenosine. We used both gas and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to measure E2, the 2- and 4-catechol estrogens (2-OHE2, 4-OHE2), and the depurinating adducts 4-OHE(2)-1(alpha,beta)-N7-guanine (4-OHE2-N7-Gua) and 4-OHE(2)-1(alpha,beta)-N3-adenine (4-OHE2-N3-Ade). CYP1B1 oxidized E2 to the catechol 4-OHE2 and the labile quinone 4-hydroxyestradiol-quinone to produce 4-OHE2-N7-Gua and 4-OHE2-N3-Ade in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Because the reactive quinones were produced as part of the CYP1B1-mediated oxidation reaction, the adduct formation followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Under the conditions of the assay, the 4-OHE2-N7-Gua adduct (Km, 4.6+/-0.7 micromol/L; kcat, 45+/-1.6/h) was produced 1.5 times more efficiently than the 4-OHE2-N3-Ade adduct (Km, 4.6+/-1.0 micromol/L; kcat, 30+/-1.5/h). The production of adducts was two to three orders of magnitude lower than the 4-OHE2 production. The results present direct proof of CYP1B1-mediated, E2-induced adduct formation and provide the experimental basis for future studies of estrogen carcinogenesis.
Particulate Velocity Measurements in the Intra-Blade Passages of a Centrifugal Slurry Pump (2003)

The purpose of a slurry pump is to transport solids in a mixture called a slurry. It is a critical component of the slurry transport system in many industrial and mining related processes. In this investigation, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was successfully utilized for measuring the particle velocities in the impeller intra-blade passages of an optically clear centrifugal pump (a transparent casing and a transparent three-blade impeller). An optically clear slurry consisting of sodium-iodide solution and 500 μm spherical glass particles was used. The experiments were conducted at speeds of 725 and 1000 rpm with volumetric concentrations of 2.5% and 5% respectively. In the impeller passage region, the highest particle velocities are generated on the suction side of the blade and in the blade trailing edge region as the blade sweeps through. However, these particle velocities are slower than the circumferential velocity of the blade tip. The particle fluctuation kinetic energy increased approximately 200% to 500% as the pump speed was increased from 725 rpm to 1000 rpm. The maximum fluctuation kinetic energy occurred on the suction side of the blade. The directional impingement mechanism is more significant at the pressure side of the blade. This mechanism becomes more pronounced as the speed increases. The random impingement mechanism caused by the fluctuation kinetic energy of the solids can play an important role on the blade surface (pressure and suction sides) and the casing wall erosion. Frictional wear mechanisms can be caused by the particles that do not stay suspended in the flow and accumulate into sliding beds along the pressure side of the blade. PIV measurements in the slurry pump model can add significantly to the understanding of the flow through the pump.
Upper Bounds on the Capacity of Deletion Channels Using Channel Fragmentation (2014)

We study memoryless channels with synchronization errors as defined by a stochastic channel matrix allowing for symbol drop-outs or symbol insertions with particular emphasis on the binary and non-binary deletion channels. We offer a different look at these channels by considering equivalent models by fragmenting the input sequence where different subsequences travel through different channels. The resulting output symbols are combined appropriately to come up with an equivalent input–output representation of the original channel which allows for derivation of new upper bounds on the channel capacity. We consider both random and deterministic types of fragmentation processes applied to binary and nonbinary deletion channels. With two specific applications of this idea, a random fragmentation applied to a binary deletion channel and a deterministic fragmentation process applied to a nonbinary deletion channel, we prove certain inequality relations among the capacities of the original channels and those of the introduced subchannels. The resulting inequalities prove useful in deriving tighter capacity upper bounds for: 1) independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) deletion channels when the deletion probability exceeds 0.65 and 2) nonbinary deletion channels. Some extensions of these results, for instance, to the case of deletion/substitution channels are also explored.
Alteration of the Cell Periphery During Granulocyte Maturation: Relationship to Cell Function (1972)

Abstract Physiologic characteristics of the surface of human granulocytes may be important determinants of functional capacity. Studies of immature granulocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN’s) from marrow and blood indicated that immature granulocytes are characterized by a high, neuraminidase-susceptible, negative surface charge density; a high degree of cellular rigidity, as measured by an elastimeter with a micropipette orifice size that approximated estimates of average bone marrow basement membrane pore size (3.5µ); low adhesiveness to glass and plastic; low propensity to aggregate; a slow rate of cell spreading, pseudopod extension, and motility; and a very low rate of phagocytosis. At the myelocyte stage, adhesiveness and phagocytosis, although not prominent, became evident. In contrast PMN’s had a lower negative surface charge density, a higher degree of surface deformability (the entire PMN readily deforming to enter a 3.5µ micropipette whereas the immature granulocyte would not so deform), higher adhesiveness (plastic > glass), a higher propensity to aggregate, a higher rate of cell spreading, pseudopod formation and motility, and a higher rate of phagocytosis. The increased deformability and adhesiveness of the PMN as compared to the immature granulocyte may be a reflection of an altered relationship between relaxing and contracting systems at the cell periphery during maturation and/or changes in the sol-gel state of macromolecules at the cell periphery. This concept is supported by the change in surface properties of the PMN toward those of the immature granulocyte at cold temperature (4°C). The increased deformability and reduced surface negative charge of the PMN could facilitate adhesiveness and pseudopod formation and, thereby, increase cell-surface and cell-particle contact with enhancement of motility and phagocytosis. Hence the exit of PMN from bone marrow and circulation and the functional capacity of the PMN may be determined by a process of cytoplasmic maturation during granulopoiesis that adapts the PMN for its essential cell-extracell interactions.
Beat-to-beat wavelet variance of the QRS complex as a marker of arrhythmogenic substrate in ventricular tachycardia patients (1998)

This study proposes a wavelet transform based technique to assess the beat-to-beat variation of the QRS signal in post-myocardial infarction patients with sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. Recent electrophysiological investigations suggested that the diminished synchrony between the normal myocardium and the scarred arrhythmogenic tissue bordering a myocardial infarction area gives rise to beat-variable ECG signal components. Using a mathematical model of small variations in a largely repetitive waveform, we show that the inherent alignment errors (trigger jitter) of the high-resolution ECG (HRECG) can artificially increase the value of the time-domain beat-to-beat variance, making it less valuable as a marker of beat-variable signal components. To overcome this drawback, we propose the wavelet based approach which discriminates between the different factors responsible for the beat variability (the alignment error and the beat-variable signal components). The Morlet wavelet transform is performed on HRECG signals from normal individuals (control group) and postmyocardial infarction patients with documented ventricular tachycardia. Electrical variability is quantitatively assessed via the beat-to-beat wavelet variance measurements. A marker of arrhythmogenic induced variance which achieves a good performance in discrimination of ventricular tachycardia patients from normal subjects was found between 200 Hz and 300 Hz. This finding is in agreement with the proposed mathematical model which states that the useful part of the time-frequency map is shifted upward in a precise mathematical way, as the variance induced by the beat-variable arrhythmogenic signals depend on the frequency characteristics of the first derivative of these signals. We conclude that the dynamics of the arrhythmogenic substrate as revealed by the beat-to-beat wavelet variance can be a new estimator of ventricular tachycardia risk.
Technique to correct yellowing and foxing in antique books (2007)

New algorithms for the automatic restoration of antique documents affected by foxing and by yellowing deterioration processes are proposed in the paper. The physical restoration of such objects is both expensive and hard to carry out by nonspecialised library personnel. The proposed algorithms ensure fast and less expensive results, and can be used also by nonqualified operators. Moreover, these techniques improve the performance of optical character recognition operators.
Internal challenge to clinical trial project management: strategies for managing investigator compliance (2013)

Trial managers of future MRCTs should take a firm grip on investigator compliance from the following aspects. First, physicians should be provided with more opportunities. Second, we created and recommended the 'Five Step Method' for evaluating investigators. Third, measures must be taken to secure investigator compliance. Fourth, evaluation of investigator compliance in an MRCT needs to be made.