gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incremental conceptual clustering from existing databases (1987)

Conceptual clustering enhances the value of existing databases by revealing patterns in the data. These patterns may be useful for understanding trends, making predictions of future events from historical data, or synthesizing data records into meaningful clusters.LODE (Learning On Database Environments) is an incremental conceptual clustering program. The premise of the LODE system is that the task of discovering patterns in a large set of potentially noisy examples can be accomplished in a generate and test paradigm using generalization techniques to generate hypotheses describing similar examples and then testing the accuracy of these hypotheses by comparing them to examples. The LODE system is an implementation of this premise.LODE was used to analyze keystroke data collected from novices learning to use the vi editor. The analysis shows that LODE discovered descriptions of recurring patterns of errors made by the novices that are known as mode errors.
Serial Subcultivation of <i>Giardia lamblia</i> in Keister's Modified TYI‐S‐33 Medium Containing Ultroser G (1992)

The ability of Giardia strains of the duodenalis type to grow in Keister's modified TYI-S-33 medium varies with serum lot. Recently, strains of Giardia including MR4, WB, and Human-1-Portland, have been cultivated in Keister's modified TYI-S-33 medium containing the serum substitute Ultroser G and have been cultured serially as least 40 times. An optimal concentration of 8% Ultroser G promotes maximal growth in Keister's modified TYI-S-33 medium for all three strains. This concentration of Ultroser G will produce a two-log increase in the number of trophozoites in approximately three days post-inoculation. Generation times for the trophozoites ranging from 6 to 11 h have been achieved in Keister's modified TYI-S-33 containing 10% adult bovine serum and from 8 to 13 h in Keister's modified TYI-S-33 with 8% Ultroser G. Despite the excellent growth of Giardia strains in medium containing Ultroser G, the maximum trophozoite density is only about half of that achieved in Keister's modified TYI-S-33 medium supplemented with 10% adult bovine serum. Comparisons of trophozoites grown with serum or the serum substitute reveal no discernable differences in morphology and motility. Additionally, these strains have been successfully cryopreserved and revived in Keister's modified TYI-S-33 medium supplemented with Ultroser G. Because Ultroser G is a characterized mixture of six main groups of ingredients (growth factors, adhesion factors, mineral trace elements, hormones, binding proteins, and vitamins), the variability in cell proliferation that may occur when changing serum lots should be minimized when using this product.
Spinodal decomposition in isotopic polymer mixtures (1988)

Spinodal decomposition of a critical binary mixture of perdeuterated and protonated polymers has been examined by light scattering. Reduction of the characteristic composition fluctuation length (i.e., scattering peak wave vector) and time, based on independently verified scaling parameters obtained from early-stage linear analyses, fails to collapse the intermediate-stage results onto a universal curve. This is the first demonstrated violation of the universal scaling of time and length during spinodal decomposition.
A new instrument for fiber connector endface measurement (2006)

A new instrument for measuring end surface geometrical parameters of APC connectors is described. In this apparatus, a Mirau type interferometric objective is employed to measure a small area of the connector end surface and generate interferogram corresponding to the surface profile. Various new technologies are used to ensure high performance and high measurement repeatability. A multi-point method is proposed to adjust the inclination of the PC sample stage. APC angle of the sample stage is adjusted directly on the instrument using a special tool whose angle is calibrated by using the reversal method. Measurement results of important parameters of fiber connector end faces are compared with those inspected by commercial profiler or a standard sample. Optical insertion losses of connectors inspected by the developed system are also evaluated.
Purification of the neurotensin receptor from bovine brain. (1988)

The neurotensin receptor protein, solubilized with digitonin/asolectin from bovine cerebral cortex membranes, was purified to apparent homogeneity by affinity chromatography using immobilized neurotensin. The product exhibits saturable and specific binding of [3,11-tyrosyl-3,5-3H]neurotensin with an apparent affinity (Kd = 5.5 nM) comparable to that measured in intact membranes and crude soluble extracts. The affinity-purified material, after reduction with 100 mM dithiothreitol, in denaturing gel electrophoresis showed a single polypeptide of Mr 72,000. Under nonreducing conditions the apparent Mr, however, was 50,000, suggesting the presence of intramolecular disulfide bonds. The purified neurotensin receptor was judged to be homogeneous, in that (i) only a single polypeptide was detectable; and (ii) the overall purification was 30,000-50,000-fold, giving a specific neurotensin-binding activity close to the theoretical maximum.
Shared and Closed-Shell O−O Interactions in Silicates (2008)

Bond paths of maximum electron density spanning O-O edges shared between equivalent or quasiequivalent MOn (n > 4) coordination polyhedra are not uncommon electron density features displayed by silicates. On the basis of the positive values for the local electronic energy density, H(rc), at the bond critical points, rc, they qualify as weak "closed-shell" interactions. As observed for M-O bonded interactions (M = first and second row metal atoms), the electron density, rho(rc), and the Laplacian of the electron density increase in a regular way as the separation between the O atoms, R(O-O), decreases. A simple model, based on R(O-O) and the distances of the Si atoms from the midpoint between adjacent pairs of O atoms, partitions the O-O bond paths in the high-pressure silica polymorph coesite into two largely disjoint domains, one with and one without bond paths. The occurrence of O-O bond paths shared in common between equivalent coordination polyhedra suggests that they may be grounded in some cases on factors other than bonded interactions, particularly since they are often displayed by inert procrystal representations of the electron density. In these cases, it can be argued that the accumulation of the electron density along the paths has its origin, at least in part, in the superposition of the peripheral electron density distributions of the metal M atoms occupying the edge-sharing polyhedra. On the other hand, the accumulation of electron density along the paths may stabilize a structure by shielding the adjacent M atoms in the edge-sharing polyhedra. For closed-shell Li-O, Na-O, and Mg-O interactions, H(rc) is positive and increases as the value of rho(rc) increases, unlike the "shared" Be-O, B-O, C-O, Al-O, Si-O, P-O, and S-O interactions, where H(rc) is negative and decreases as rho(rc) increases. The H(rc) values for the weak closed-shell O-O interactions also increase as rho(rc) increases, as observed for the closed-shell M-O interactions. On the basis of the bond critical point properties and the negative H(rc) value, the O-O interaction comprising the O2 molecule in silica III qualifies as a shared interaction.
Global gene expression of the inner cell mass and trophectoderm of the bovine blastocyst (2012)

Analysis of gene expression indicated that differentiation of blastomeres of the morula-stage embryo into the ICM and TE of the blastocyst is accompanied by differences between the two cell lineages in expression of genes controlling metabolic processes, endocytosis, hatching from the zona pellucida, paracrine and endocrine signaling with the mother, and genes supporting the changes in cellular architecture, stemness, and hematopoiesis necessary for development of the trophoblast.
FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER NETWORK SECURITY FOR ITS (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Elements of Computer Network Security Importance of Computer Network Security Approach to Computer Network Security Computer Network Security in ITS Network Security Objectives Future of Network Security and Its Impacts on Securing ITS Network References Review Questions
Efficient cost-based scheduling for scalable media streaming (2007)

The number of media streams that can be supported concurrently is highly constrained by the stringent requirements of real-time playback and high transfer rates. To address this problem, media delivery techniques, such as Batching and Stream Merging, utilize the multicast facility to increase resource sharing. The achieved resource sharing depends greatly on how the waiting requests are scheduled for service. Scheduling has been studied extensively when Batching is applied, but up to our knowledge, it has not been investigated in the context of stream merging techniques, which achieve much better resource sharing. In this study, we analyze scheduling when stream merging is employed and propose a simple, yet highly effective scheduling policy, called <i>Minimum Cost First </i>(MCF). MCF exploits the wide variation in stream lengths by favoring the requests that require the least cost. We present two alternative implementations of MCF: <i>MCF-T</i> and <i>MCF-P</i>. We compare various scheduling policies through extensive simulation and show that MCF achieves significant performance benefits in terms of <i>both</i> the number of requests that can be serviced concurrently and the average waiting time for service.
The influence of mixtures of <i>Stylosanthes</i> spp. accessions on the occurrence of anthracnose caused by <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> (1994)

The effectiveness of using accession mixtures of Stylosanthes spp. to manage anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) in pastures in northern Australia was examined during three consecutive years. Two mixtures containing six accessions were compared with the components grown as pure stands. No significant differences in anthracnose incidence (proportion of infected plants/plot) were indicated between the two mixtures and the mean incidence of their respective components grown in pure swards. Areas under the disease progress curves for the accessions were not significantly different between pure and mixed stands of the cultivars other than Seca and Verano. Resistant cultivar Seca developed more disease in a mixture than in a pure stand, and moderately resistant Verano had less disease in a mixture than in a pure stand. In the short term, no apparent anthracnose control advantage is achieved in highly susceptible accessions of Stylosanthes spp. when they are included in mixtures with less susceptible accessions. Long term studies involving grazing animals are necessary to adequately evaluate control of this disease through the use of mixtures.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Recurrent sites for new centromere seeding. (2004)

Using comparative FISH and genomics, we have studied and compared the evolution of chromosome 3 in primates and two human neocentromere cases on the long arm of this chromosome. Our results show that one of the human neocentromere cases maps to the same 3q26 chromosomal region where a new centromere emerged in a common ancestor of the Old World monkeys approximately 25-40 million years ago. Similarly, the locus in which a new centromere was seeded in the great apes' ancestor was orthologous to the site in which a new centromere emerged in the New World monkeys' ancestor. These data suggest the recurrent use of longstanding latent centromeres and that there is an inherent potential of these regions to form centromeres. The second human neocentromere case (3q24) revealed unprecedented features. The neocentromere emergence was not accompanied by any chromosomal rearrangement that usually triggers these events. Instead, it involved the functional inactivation of the normal centromere, and was present in an otherwise phenotypically normal individual who transmitted this unusual chromosome to the next generation. We propose that the formation of neocentromeres in humans and the emergence of new centromeres during the course of evolution share a common mechanism. PMID: 15342555 Funding information This work was supported by: NHGRI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HG002385 NHGRI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: HG002385 Telethon, Italy Grant ID: GTF04001 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: GM58815 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 GM058815
Study of Multiple Diffraction with a Digital Terrain Model using a Cascaded Cylinder and Knife-Edge Propagation Model (2000)

International audience
Congenital vasopressin deficiency and acute and chronic opiate effects on hypothalamo-pituitary–adrenal axis activity in Brattleboro rats (2007)

A growing body of evidence suggests that vasopressinergic activity in the hypothalamus is important in stress-related behaviors (like drug abuse) in line with a role in the regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). We hypothesized that in the naturally vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rat, acute and chronic morphine treatment may lead to reduced HPA axis activity. Rats were treated either with a single dose of morphine (10 mg/kg subcutaneously) and serial blood samples were taken or were treated twice daily with increasing doses of morphine (10-100 mg/kg subcutaneously) for 16 days and animals were killed by decapitation 4 or 16 h after the last injection. Single morphine injection induced a biphasic ACTH and corticosterone elevation with smaller increases in vasopressin-deficient rats. Chronic morphine treatment induced the typical somatic and HPA axis changes of chronic stress; the absence of vasopressin did not prevent these changes. In rats repeatedly treated with morphine plasma, ACTH and corticosterone levels were elevated both 4 and 16 h after the last injection (short and long withdrawal) and the absence of vasopressin attenuated this response. Our data suggest that vasopressin plays a prominent role in morphine treatment and withdrawal-induced acute hormonal changes, but does not affect development of chronic hyperactivity of the HPA axis.
Placebo-controlled evaluation of a bioengineered, cocaine-metabolizing fusion protein, TV-1380 (AlbuBChE), in the treatment of cocaine dependence (2016)

While the apparent reduction in cocaine use may be of insufficient magnitude to justify further trials of TV-1380 in cocaine dependence, the results argue for development of improved enzymes with greater catalytic activity.
Transcriptional deconvolution reveals consistent functional subtypes of pancreatic cancer epithelium and stroma (2018)

Summary Bulk tumor tissues comprise intermixed populations of neoplastic cells and multiple lineages of stromal cells. We used laser capture microdissection and RNA sequencing to disentangle the transcriptional programs active in the malignant epithelium and stroma of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). This led to the development of a new algorithm (ADVOCATE) that accurately predicts the compartment fractions of bulk tumor samples and can computationally purify bulk gene expression data from PDA. We also present novel stromal subtypes, derived from 110 microdissected PDA stroma samples, that were enriched in extracellular matrix– and immune–associated processes. Finally, we applied ADVOCATE to systematically evaluate cross–compartment subtypes spanning four patient cohorts, revealing consistent functional classes and survival associations despite substantial compositional differences.
In Situ AFM Study of Surface Film Formation on the Edge Plane of HOPG for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2011)

Changes in the surface morphology of the edge planes of graphite during a potential sweep were studied using highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) in an ethylene carbonate (EC) + diethyl carbonate (DEC)-based electrolyte solution by in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effects of the microscopic structures of graphite, i.e., edge and basal planes, on surface film formation are discussed. The formation of fine particles and precipitates was observed depending on the electrode potential between 1.0 and 0 V. These were considered to be remnants of blisters that could be observed at the basal plane and decomposition products of the electrolyte solution. The surface films were 56 and 66 nm thick after the first and second cycles, respectively. The precipitate layer formed on the edge plane was thinner than that observed on the basal plane after the second cycle. These results enabled us to elucidate the difference in the formation of surface films on the edge and basal planes of HOPG.
The First Oxovanadium(V)−Thiolate Complex, [VO(SCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>N] (1996)

A VVO−trithiatren complex has been synthesized. Its crystal structure shows that the vanadium atom is in a slightly distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. This is the first structurally characterized VVO−thiolate complex.
On the axioms for a cooperative game without side payments (1964)

v(S) is closed; 2. v(S) is convex; 3. v is a comprehensive, i.e. xEv(S) and y^s x imply yEv(S); 4. v is super-additive, i.e.Sxr\S2 = 0 implies v(Sx^JS2)Dv(Sx) nv(S2); 5. v is proper, i.e. v(S)0 for all SCA; 6. xEv(N) if and only if x^y for some yEH
Alveolar Oxygen Uptake and Blood Flow Dynamics in Knee Extension Ergometry (1997)

The relationship was studied between the increase in oxygen uptake (VO2) measured breath-by-breath at the mouth, and the increase in femoral artery blood flow measured continuously with pulsed and echo Doppler methods. Five men exercised at 50 W on a knee extension ergometer in both the supine and the upright posture. The kinetics of the responses were determined by curve fitting to obtain the mean response time (MRT = 63% of the time required to achieve steady state). In the upright position, the increase in blood flow (MRT = 12.4 +/- 9.4 s, mean +/- SD) was faster than the increase in VO2 (29.6 +/- 9.3 s). Likewise in the supine position, blood flow increased more rapidly (25.1 +/- 9.7 s vs. 36.7 +/- 9.6 s). It should be noted that the increase in blood flow appeared to be faster than VO2, yet when blood flow adapted more slowly in the supine posture, it had an impact on the adaptation of VO2. This suggests that blood flow might have important effects on metabolism at the onset of submaximal exercise.
Infrared to visible image conversion capability of a nematic liquid crystal film (1985)

We present a theoretical evaluation and experimental results of the capability of a nematic liquid crystal film for infrared to visible image conversion using nondegenerate four-wave mixing process.
Microorganisms of the oxidative and reductive part of the sulphur cycle at a shallow-water hydrothermal vent in the Aegean Sea (Milos, Greece) (2002)

Autor: Kuever, J. et al.; Genre: Zeitschriftenartikel; Im Druck veröffentlicht: 2002; Titel: Microorganisms of the oxidative and reductive part of the sulphur cycle at a shallow-water hydrothermal vent in the Aegean Sea (Milos, Greece)
A New Concept for the Efficient Synthesis of Chiral Phosphorus−Nitrogen−Carbon Cage Compounds (2003)

Abstract A new concept for the efficient synthesis of a chiral phosphorus‐nitrogen‐carbon cage‐compound is reported, which is comprised of a high‐yield three‐step procedure starting from a P ‐Cp*‐substituted 2 H ‐azaphosphirene complex. Thermolysis of a solution of the latter complex in the presence of Ph 3 PNCN and DMAD afforded the P ‐Cp*‐substituted 2 H ‐1,2‐azaphosphole complex 11 in a clean reaction; a further reaction at 75 °C with DMAD produced complex 12 via an intermolecular Diels−Alder reaction of the Cp* group. A subsequent intramolecular Diels−Alder reaction of 12 , at 120 °C, yielded the title compound, complex 13, in quantitative yields. Elemental analyses and detailed (solution) NMR spectroscopic and MS investigations confirmed all complexes. Furthermore, solid state structures of complexes 11 and 13 were established by X‐ray single crystal structure analyses. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon‐Carbon Bond Formation Using Substrate Selective Catalytic Polymers Prepared by Molecular Imprinting: An Artificial Class II Aldolase. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Debate on Social Justice and Pension Reform (2003)

No serious discussion of possible pension reforms can dispense with some conception of what justice requires, both between and within generations. In this paper we first spell out step by step the implications for pension systems of a conception of social justice that articulates in coherent fashion the values of freedom, efficiency and solidarity heralded in the European project. We next consider in this light a number of important policy issues: Should we move towards more funding and less `pay as you go'? Towards a more private system? Towards a more Bismarckian system? Towards a higher retirement age? Towards a more unified European system?
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOZINNISOTHIOCYANAT‐KOMPLEXE, RK. VON ALKYLZINNISOTHIOCYANATEN MIT LIGANDEN, DIE SAUERSTOFF ODER STICKSTOFF ALS DONATORATOM ENTHALTEN (1970)

Abstract Alkyl‐Sn‐isothiocyanate VIII bzw. X reagieren mit den Nucleophilen (I‐V) und (VII) zu den 6‐fach koordinierten Addukten IX bzw. XI.
Growth-related Changes in Phosphorylation of Yeast RNA Polymerase II (1998)

The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II contains a unique C-terminal domain (CTD) consisting of tandem repeats of the consensus heptapeptide sequence Tyr1-Ser2-Pro3-Thr4-Ser5-Pro6-Ser7. Two forms of the largest subunit can be separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The faster migrating form termed IIA contains little or no phosphate on the CTD, whereas the slower migrating II0 form is multiply phosphorylated. CTD kinases with different phosphoryl acceptor specificities are able to convert IIA to II0 in vitro, and different phosphoisomers have been identified in vivo. In this paper we report the binding specificities of a set of monoclonal antibodies that recognize different phosphoepitopes on the CTD. Monoclonal antibodies like H5 recognize phosphoserine in position 2, whereas monoclonal antibodies like H14 recognize phosphoserine in position 5. The relative abundance of these phosphoepitopes changes when growing yeast enter stationary phase or are heat-shocked. These results indicate that phosphorylation of different CTD phosphoacceptor sites are independently regulated in response to environmental signals.
ILT3+ ILT4+ Tolerogenic Endothelial Cells in Transplantation (2006)

T cells can recognize allogeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens by two distinct routes: either directly as intact molecules or indirectly as processed peptides presented by syngeneic antigen-presenting cells (APC). The graft endothelium plays an important role in rejection eliciting and serving as a target of T cells activated via the direct and/or indirect allorecognition pathway. Recent evidence demonstrates, however, that endothelial cells are also endowed with the capacity to downregulate alloreactivity inducing tolerogenic responses. Similar to professional APC (such as dendritic cells), endothelial cells express high levels of inhibitory receptors (ILT3 and ILT4 in humans and PIR-B in rodents) and low levels of costimulatory and adhesion molecules upon interaction with allospecific CD8 T suppressor cells or exposure to inhibitory cytokines. Because of the importance of endothelial cells in the activation and control of T cell reactivity, understanding of their biology is crucial for the development of new strategies for induction of transplantation tolerance and treatment of cancer, chronic infection, and autoimmunity.