gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of <i>ortho</i> substituents on carbonyl carbon <sup>13</sup>C NMR chemical shifts in substituted phenyl benzoates (2009)

Abstract 13 C NMR spectra of 37 ortho ‐, meta ‐, and para ‐substituted phenyl benzoates, containing substituents in benzoyl and phenyl moiety, 4 ortho ‐substituted methyl and 5 ethyl benzoates as well as 9 R‐substituted alkyl benzoates have been recorded. The influence of the ortho substituents on the carbonyl carbon 13 C NMR chemical shift, δ CO , was found to be described by a linear multiple regression equation containing the inductive, σ I , resonance, σ ° R , and steric, E , or υ substituent constants. For all the ortho ‐substituted esters containing substituents in the acyl part as well as the phenyl part, the substituent‐induced reverse inductive effect ( ρ I < 0), the normal resonance effect ( ρ R > 0), and the negative steric effect ( δ ortho < 0) with the E were observed. In the case of ortho substituents in the phenyl part, the resonance effect was negligible. Due to inductive effect, the ortho electron‐withdrawing substituents showed an upfield shift or shielding of the carbonyl carbon, while the electron‐donating substituents had an opposite effect. Because of the sterical consequences, ortho substituents revealed a deshielding effect on the 13 C NMR chemical shift of the carbonyl carbon. For all the meta‐ and para‐ substituted esters, the reverse substituent‐induced inductive and resonance effects ( ρ I < 0, ρ R < 0) were found to be significant. In alkyl benzoates, the alkyl substituents showed the reverse inductive and steric effects. The log k values for the alkaline hydrolysis in water, aqueous 0.5 M Bu 4 NBr and 2.25 M Bu 4 NBr, and the IR frequencies, ν CO , for the ortho ‐, meta ‐, and para ‐substituted phenyl benzoates and alkyl benzoates were correlated nicely with the corresponding 13 C NMR substituent chemical shifts, Δ δ CO . Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutation at chromosome 11q23 in human non‐familial breast cancer: A microdissection microsatellite analysis (1995)

Allelotypic evaluation of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) has been instrumental in the identification of tumour suppressor genes. Here we report a high incidence of LOH at chromosome 11q23 in non-familial breast cancers with in situ, invasive, and metastatic tumour cells microdissected from archival haematoxylin and eosin (H & E) sections for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-LOH analysis at polymorphic microsatellite loci. Ninety-four cases of non-familial breast cancer were examined at the D11S29 microsatellite locus on chromosome 11q23. Eighty-three cases (88 per cent) were informative and 35 cases overall (42 per cent) had LOH at this locus, comprising 23 per cent of in situ, 36 per cent of invasive, and 28 per cent of metastatic cancers. The DNA from those cancer cells with LOH was amplified at microsatellite loci D11S554 (11p12-p11.2) and D11S534 (11q13). In 19 of 67 cases overall (28 per cent), LOH occurred solely at 11q23. There was an association between LOH at 11q23 and tumour size > or = 2 cm (P < 0.01) in the overall results and the invasive cancers. The data revealed heterogeneity for LOH at D11S29 in in situ, invasive, and metastatic cells from the same case. In general, however, there was concordance between LOH (or its absence) in in situ and invasive disease. We conclude that the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 11 contains a region involved in breast carcinogenesis and that there is molecular heterogeneity at this chromosomal region in individual breast cancer cells.
Density measurements from radioscopic images (1989)

This article describes how an electronic image in nonfilm radiography (radioscopic imaging) is altered as it is processed through the many steps in the system. It shows how the image is degraded and may be restored to some degree.
Training the Force (2006)

Abstract : The horrific events of September 11 2001 resulted in change in the United States Military Doctrine and the execution of modern warfare. Smaller formations of technologically superior conventional forces quickly defeated a larger conventional enemy force in Iraq. In early May 2003 the President of the United States publicly proclaimed and end to the war in Iraq. Over two years later in Iraq the United States Military primary the United States Army continues in a quagmire of conflict with no dear termination conditions and an unclear vision of troop withdrawal conditions. Amidst a major realignment of forces and transformation of almost half of the Army's major formations the United States Army consciously altered individual and collective training in order to execute a mission to `win in Iraq. Did the Army make the right decision? Alternatively is there a need for change in the training paradigm in order to better prepare Soldiers and leaders? This project will first examine current Army training doctrine. The study will then examine current Army training initiatives and discuss the potential of these initiatives as they apply to the future of warfare. Finally the project will discuss recommended changes to current training trends in three specific areas: creation of exportable training teams alignment of institutional training and creation of a centralized 18 month training model for Army forces.
Political Suppression of Seditious Criticism: A Connecticut Case Study (1955)

(1955). Political Suppression of Seditious Criticism: A Connecticut Case Study. The Historian: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 41-56.
Managing Managed Care II : A Handbook for Mental Health Professionals (1996)

Introduction. The public demand for practitioner accountability. The need for a behavior-based common language of treatment. Patient impairments and the diagnosis. Patient impairments and the justification for treatment. Impairment severity and appropriateness of treatment. Treatment goals and patient objectives. Practitioner interventions and the treatment plan. Patient progress and the effectiveness of treatment. Managing the future of managed care. Glossary. Appendix A: Patient impairment definitions. Appendix B: Severity rating qualifiers (critical impairments). Appendix C: Patient objectives reference list (critical impairments). References. Index.
Studies of Anomalous Contrast and Assimilation* (1963)

Studies of von Bezold type of “spread” or assimilation, wherein white lines lighten and black lines darken contiguous areas, have shown that the effect depends upon both absolute and relative widths of the lines and intervening areas and their respective reflectances. Moreover, there is a continuum from assimilation (reversal of classical contrast) to contrast with an interval in which neither assimilation nor contrast occurs. With grays of about 36% reflectance, assimilation is found with lines up to 8–10 mm after which classical contrast is found. With grays of 80% and 14% reflectance, assimilation occurs when the white and black lines and the line separations are as wide as 29 mm. Another type of anomalous contrast, the Gelb spotlight effect, proves to be a case of ‘trigger’ contrast, so-called here because of the very large contrast effect of the very small patch of white. Here the area and position of the white surface exert measurable, consistent effects. A theory of retinal and/or central facilitation and inhibition seems to account for the data.
Camera-based Forward Collision and lane departure warning systems using SVM (2013)

This paper presents a unique camera-based Forward Collision Warning (FCW) and Lane Departure Warning (LDW) system to improve the safety of road vehicle transportation. The video used in the algorithm is captured by an in-car camera. Initially, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is applied to the first frame of the video to locate the moving vehicle of interest in front of the host vehicle. Following this step, two separate warning systems, namely FCW and LDW are designed. For the FCW, the Time to Collision (TTC) is determined through the scale change method, and the FCW system will be activated when TTC is less than a predefined threshold value. For the LDW system, the lane position information is analyzed and the warning is triggered if there is a lane departure without the use of blinkers. The proposed camera based system can provide advantages over the traditional radar/laser based warning systems, in which both the LDW and the FCW information cannot be provided with the same system. Furthermore, the proposed system provides additional flexibility at a lower cost.
Attachment of Magnetic Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes and Their Soluble Derivatives (2005)

The magnetic modification of carbon nanotubes is described here. Pyrene can be noncovalently attached on the carbon nanotube surface. A carboxylic derivative of pyrene is used as interlinker for the binding of capped magnetic nanoparticles on the carbon nanotubes. The increased organophilic character of the capped nanoparticles induces high solubility in organic media for the modified carbon nanotubes.
<i>In vivo</i> inefficiency of pentoxifylline and interferon‐alpha on hepatic fibrosis in biliary‐obstructed rats: Assessment by tissue collagen content and prolidase activity (2003)

Pentoxifylline, IFN-alpha and their combination have no beneficial effect on experimental fibrosis induced by biliary obstruction.
Ozone generation in dry air using pulsed discharges with and without a solid dielectric layer (2001)

Energy efficient generation of ozone is very important because ozone is being used increasingly in a wide range of industrial applications. Ozonizers usually use dielectric barrier discharges and employ alternating current (ac) with consequent heat generation, which necessitates cooling. In the present study, very short duration pulsed voltage is employed resulting in reduced heating of the gas and discharge reactor. A comparison of ozone generation in dry air using a coaxial concentric electrode system with and without a solid dielectric layer is reported. Two types of dielectric layers were employed, ceramic and polyvinylchloride (pvc). The effects of peak pulsed voltage (12.5 to 62 kV), reactor length (0.1 to 1 m), pulse repetition rate (25 to 400 pulses per second, pps), gas flow rate (1.5 to 3.0 1/min) and variation of the pitch length of the spiral wire forming the central electrode (5 to 10 mm) on the concentration and production yield of ozone (g/kWh) are reported. A comparison is made between the performance of discharge reactors with (ceramic reactor Type IIC and pvc reactor Type IIP) and without (reactor Type I) a dielectric layer, using the same electrode gap separation (15 mm) and reactor lengths (0.157 and 1 m). High production yields of ozone in dry air of /spl sim/125 52 and 60 g/kWh were obtained when using, respectively ceramic, pvc, and no dielectric layer, for a fixed pulse rate of 100 pps, 15 1/min now rate and for a relatively short length of the reactor of 157 mm.
A review of the municipal bond market (1976)

An abstract for this article is not available.
Isotropic resolution diffusion tensor imaging with whole brain acquisition in a clinically acceptable time (2002)

Our objective was to develop a diffusion tensor MR imaging pulse sequence that allows whole brain coverage with isotropic resolution within a clinically acceptable time. A single-shot, cardiac-gated MR pulse sequence, optimized for measuring the diffusion tensor in human brain, was developed to provide whole-brain coverage with isotropic (2.5 x 2.5 x 2.5 mm) spatial resolution, within a total imaging time of approximately 15 min. The diffusion tensor was computed for each voxel in the whole volume and the data processed for visualization in three orthogonal planes. Anisotropy data were further visualized using a maximum-intensity projection algorithm. Finally, reconstruction of fiber-tract trajectories i.e., "tractography" was performed. Images obtained with this pulse sequence provide clear delineation of individual white matter tracts, from the most superior cortical regions down to the cerebellum and brain stem. Because the data are acquired with isotropic resolution, they can be reformatted in any plane and the sequence can therefore be used, in general, for macroscopic neurological or psychiatric neuroimaging investigations. The 3D visualization afforded by maximum intensity projection imaging and tractography provided easy visualization of individual white matter fasciculi, which may be important sites of neuropathological degeneration or abnormal brain development. This study has shown that it is possible to obtain robust, high quality diffusion tensor MR data at 1.5 Tesla with isotropic resolution (2.5 x 2.5 x 2.5 mm) from the whole brain within a sufficiently short imaging time that it may be incorporated into clinical imaging protocols.
Metabolic evolution of Corynebacterium glutamicum for increased production of L-ornithine (2013)

The availability of NADPH plays an important role in L-ornithine production in C. glutamicum. Our results demonstrated that the combination of growth-coupled evolution with analysis of transcript abundances provides a strategy to engineer microbial strains for improving production of target compounds.
Quantitative analysis of EEG effects following experimental marginal magnesium and boron deprivation. (1995)

Magnesium (115 and 315 mg/d) and boron (0.23 and 3.23 mg/d) were fed in a double-blind Latin squares design to 13 healthy postmenopausal women (aged 50-78 years) living on a metabolic unit. An eight-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded during the last week of each of four 6-week dietary periods. Power and coherence measures were determined for each of four EEG frequency bands: delta (1-3 Hz), theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), and beta (13-18 Hz). Compared to high dietary magnesium, the low magnesium intake increased total power in the frontal regions and right temporal and parietal regions and resulted in frequency-specific increases in left occipital delta power, theta power in all but the left temporal region, alpha power in the right frontal and right temporal regions, and beta power in the frontal regions. The proportion of theta to total power in the parietal regions also increased with the low magnesium intake. While magnesium effects were observed primarily during eyes-closed conditions, effects of dietary boron on EEG power were found only during eyes-open conditions. Relative to high dietary boron, the low boron intake increased delta power in the left parietal and left occipital regions, increased the proportion of delta to total power in the frontal regions, and decreased relative right frontal theta, right frontal alpha, and left frontal beta power. Additional magnesium and boron effects were evident in the measures of EEG coherence. Thus relatively short periods of marginal magnesium and boron deprivation can affect brain function in healthy older women. The findings extend previous qualitative observations of increased CNS activity following severe magnesium deprivation and deficiency to cases of experimentally induced marginal magnesium deficiency, and verify CNS hyperexcitability by quantitative analysis of the EEG.
Controlling the stimulated Brillouin scattering of self-focusing nanosecond laser pulses in silica glasses (2011)

We numerically investigate the interplay between Kerr self-focusing (SF) and transient stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) for nanosecond pulses in bulk silica. The influences of the input power, phase, or amplitude modulations in the pump pulse together with the incident beam shape on the filamentation dynamics are discussed. We show that appropriate amplitude modulations dividing nanosecond laser pumps into picosecond-long pulse trains inhibit SBS at any power. In contrast, phase-modulated pulses with comparable spectral width undergo multiple filamentation and earlier beam collapse due to modulational instabilities. We demonstrate, however, the existence of a critical pump bandwidth above which SBS can be efficiently suppressed by phase modulations even at high powers. This observation also holds for squared beam shapes with much broader spatial spectra, which decay more easily into multiple filaments over short distances. Intensity profiles of the reflected Stokes waves for such broad pumps are finally discussed.
BLAKE - A Thermodynamics Code Based on TIGER: Users' Guide and Manual (1982)

Abstract : BLAKE is a general thermodynamics code derived from the SRI TIGER code. It is intended primarily for making calculations on propellant gases under gas chamber conditions (temperatures between 1500 K and 4000 K and pressures up to 700 MPa) on the combustion gases formed by military propellants. The unique feature of this code is that it embodies a correction for non-ideal gas effects appropriate to this application. It uses a truncated virial equation of state for this purpose. The second virial coefficient is computed using the assumption that the Lennard-Jones 6, 12 intermolecular potential applies. The third virial coefficient is computed for a hard-sphere model. Appropriate mixing rules are used for intermolecular force constants and for the virial coefficient. Another valuable feature of the code is that it contains enthalpy data for 49 of the ingredients most often found in military propellants and for the 300 nitrocelluloses with percentages of nitration between 11.00 and 14.00. This report is a complete guide to the local implementation and use of the code. It contains illustrative examples of its use, and its application to the AUTOCAP exercise, and a discussion of its experimental validation.
Dual-Routing with Multiple Radios Handoff in 80211 Wireless Networks (2015)

802.11 wireless networks have gained ever greater popularity nowadays. At the same time, wireless modules' prices have fallen dramatically. In order to support real-time applications such as VoIP in an 802.11 Wireless LAN, an efficient handoff mechanism using multi-radio module is proposed when a mobile client moves from one Access Point to another. In this paper, we present a method of multi-radio module dual-routing mode in hard handoff at network layer unlike current method that is based on soft handoff or traditional break-before-make. We let two wireless cards send data and only one receives data. Since the MAC layer is work, we just handoff at network layer. By the way, modified OSPF routing protocol should be enabled to ensure route can be immediately updated. Real experiments are conducted to show the superiority of our method on seamless handoff.
Observations of Breaking Surface Wave Statistics (1994)

Breaking surface waves were observed during the Surface Wave Process Program with a novel acoustical instrument that makes use of underwater ambient sound to track individual breaking events. The spatial and temporal statistics of braking waves such as duration, velocity, spacing and breaking probability were determined under various wind and wave conditions. Statistical models are developed to assess and when appropriate, correct for any bias resulting from limitations of the measurement approach. Empirical relations of these statistics with wind speed are obtained. Comparison of the observed distributions with simultaneously measured directional wave spectra suggests that wave breaking occurs at multiple scales and that the mean scale of breaking is substantially smaller than the associated with the dominant wind wave component. Preliminary analysis indicates that the dependence of breaking probability on the fourth moment of the wave spectrum is consistent with a linear statistical model.
A noise-gated PLL for clock recovery in a free-space laser communication system (2012)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2012.
Downlink Scheduling And Radio Resource Allocation In Adaptive Ofdma Wireless Communication Systems For User-Individual Qos (2007)

In this paper, we address the problem of adaptive radio resource allocation (RRA) and packet scheduling in the downlink of a cellular OFDMA system, and propose a downlink multi-carrier proportional fair (MPF) scheduler and its joint with adaptive RRA algorithm to distribute radio resources among multiple users according to their individual QoS requirements. The allocation and scheduling objective is to maximize the total throughput, while at the same time maintaining the fairness among users. The simulation results demonstrate that the methods presented provide for user more explicit fairness relative to RRA algorithm, but the joint scheme achieves the higher sum-rate capacity with flexible parameters setting compared with MPF scheduler.
The gesturer is the speaker (2013)

We present and solve the speaker diarization problem in a novel way. We hypothesize that the gesturer is the speaker and that identifying the gesturer can be taken as identifying the active speaker. We provide evidence in support of the hypothesis from gesture literature and audio-visual synchrony studies. We also present a vision-only diarization algorithm that relies on gestures (i.e. upper body movements). Experiments carried out on 8.9 hours of a publicly available dataset (the AMI meeting data) show that diarization error rates as low as 15% can be achieved.
Joint Time Synchronization and Localization of an Unknown Node in Wireless Sensor Networks (2009)

Time synchronization and localization are two important issues in wireless sensor networks. Although these two problems share many aspects in common, they are traditionally treated separately. In this paper, we present a unified framework to jointly solve time synchronization and localization problems at the same time. Furthermore, since the accuracy of synchronization and localization is very sensitive to the accuracy of anchor timings and locations, the joint time synchronization and localization problem with inaccurate anchors is also considered in this paper. For the case with accurate anchors, the joint maximum likelihood estimator and a more computationally efficient least squares (LS) estimator are proposed. When the anchor timings and locations are inaccurate, a generalized total least squares (GTLS) scheme is proposed. Crame¿r-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) and the analytical mean square error (MSE) expressions of the LS based estimators are derived for both accurate and inaccurate anchor cases. Results show that the proposed joint estimators exhibit performances close to their respective CRLBs and outperform the separate time synchronization and localization approach. Furthermore, the derived analytical MSE expressions predict the performances of the proposed joint estimators very well.
Differential <i>in vivo</i> cytokine mRNA expression in lesional skin of intrinsic vs. extrinsic atopic dermatitis patients using semiquantitative RT‐PCR (2003)

These current data demonstrate that the expressions of cytokines IL-5, IL-13, and IL-1beta mRNA and the number of dermal infiltrating eosinophils are increased in ADe patients compared with ADi patients.
Oral contraceptives and coronary artery atherosclerosis of cynomolgus monkeys. (1990)

Studies of both human and nonhuman primates show an inverse relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations and coronary artery atherosclerosis. For this reason, there has been concern that the HDL cholesterol-lowering effect of oral contraceptives might exacerbate coronary artery atherosclerosis. We studied three groups of adult female cynomolgus macaques fed a moderately atherogenic diet: a control group, a group given ethinyl estradiol and norgestrel, and another group given ethinyl estradiol and ethynodiol diacetate. Norgestrel and ethynodiol diacetate, co-administered with ethinyl estradiol, lowered the plasma concentrations of HDL cholesterol. However, the extent of coronary artery atherosclerosis was lessened by both contraceptives, especially among females at high risk based on their plasma lipid profiles.
Data Analysis: Statistical and Computational Methods for Scientists and Engineers (2000)

adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed other than those expressly granted in the CD-ROM