gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduced glutathione modulates Ca(2+)-mediated damage to rabbit isolated gastric mucosal cells (1994)

In the present study, we have examined the role of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the modulation of Ca2+ ionophore A-23187-induced gastric mucosal cellular disruption. Experiments were conducted using cells isolated from rabbit oxyntic mucosa. Cell injury was assessed by release of the lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase, by trypan blue dye uptake, and by examination of lipid peroxidation. Cellular GSH was assessed spectrophotometrically by measuring total soluble reduced thiol content. Ionophore A-23187 (3-25 microM) induced a concentration-dependent injury to mucosal cells and a concentration-dependent reduction in cellular GSH content. Removal of Ca2+ from the incubation medium abolished both the disruptive action and the GSH-lowering effect of A-23187. Gastric cellular GSH content was reduced significantly by preincubation of cells with an agent that depletes reduced sulfhydryls, diethyl maleate (DEM; 1 mM). Furthermore, DEM significantly augmented cellular disruption in response to A-23187. Similarly, incubation of cells with L-cysteine (1 mM), a stimulant of glutathione synthesis, increased mucosal cellular GSH content and decreased the cellular disruptive effect of A-23187. Exogenous addition of GSH to the cell suspension significantly reduced Ca2+ ionophore-induced cellular disruption and hastened the recovery of cellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]) to baseline values. Similarly, exogenous GSH reduced cellular disruption produced by cyclopiazonic acid and thapsigargin, agents that increase intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) by inhibiting Ca2+ sequestration. These data suggest that a sustained increase in [Ca2+]i contributes to the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal cellular injury. This effect appears to be mediated by a reduction in the cellular content of GSH.
ARC-JET THRUSTOR FOR SPACE PROPULSION (1965)

The arc-jet thrustor represents an engine for potential space applications requiring a specific impulse in the range from 1000 to 2000 seconds. As such it was originally thought that missions for the engine would fit somewhere between those suitable for the high thrust chemical and the very low thrustion propulsion systems. The considerable effort expended to develop the arc thrustor has resulted in operation in the power range from 1 to 200 kilowatts, at specific impulse levels between 1000 and 2000 seconds, and for continuous running as long as 500 hours with overall efficiency up to 55 percent. Progress has been made on many of the early operating problems such as electrode-erosion, nozzle-cooling, and propellant-feed systems. In addition, theories have been advanced to explain, at least partially, the electric-arc operation In substance then, the thermal arc-jet thrustor is now fairly well developed. Because of several factors unrelated to impulse and efficiency levels, however, the mission application of the arc thrustor is somewhat doubtful at the present time. These factors, for the larger arc-jet thrustor, include biological shielding, hardware availability, excessive electric generator weight, and reliability, for example.
Ionic Mechanisms of Spontaneous GABAergic Events in Rat Hippocampal Slices Exposed to 4-Aminopyridine (1997)

Ionic mechanisms of spontaneous GABAergic events in rat hippocampal slices exposed to 4-aminopyridine. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2582-2591, 1997. Ion-selective (H+ and K+) microelectrode techniques as well as conventional extra- and intracellular recordings were used to study the ionic mechanisms of propagating spontaneous GABAergic events (SGEs) in rat hippocampal slices exposed to 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 50-100 mu M). All experiments were made in the presence of antagonists of ionotropic glutamate receptors [10 mu M 6-nitro-7-sulphamoylbenzoquinoxaline-2,3-dione (NBQX) and 40 mu M -2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5)]. The SGEs were composed of a negative-going change in field potential with a temporally coincident increase (0.7 +/- 0.3 mM; mean +/- SE) in extracellular K+ ([K+]o) and an alkaline transient (0.01-0.08 units) in extracellular pH (pHo) in stratum radiatum of the area CA1. Simultaneous intracellular recordings showed a triphasic hyperpolarization-depolarization-late hyperpolarization response in pyramidal cells. Application of pentobarbital sodium (PB, 100 mu M) decreased the interval between SGEs from a mean value of 35 to approximately 20 s and shortened the period of refractoriness of stimulus-evoked propagating events. This was accompanied by an increase in the amplitude of the field potential response of the [K+]o and the pHo shifts and of the depolarizing phase of the pyramidal-cell response. The SGEs were completely blocked by the gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptor antagonist, picrotoxin (PiTX; 100 mu M). The amplitudes of the negative-going field potential and of the depolarizing phase of the pyramidal-cell response as well as the ionic shifts associated with SGEs were strongly suppressed in the nominal absence of CO2/HCO-3. There was a five-fold increase in the interevent interval, and propagating SGEs could not be evoked by stimuli given at intervals shorter than approximately 2-3 min. Exposure to inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase, benzolamide (BA; 10 micro M) or ethoxyzolamide (EZA; 50 mu M) fully blocked the alkaline pHo transients and turned them into acid shifts. The poorly membrane-permeant BA had no discernible effect on the other components of the SGEs, but application of EZA had effects reminiscent to those of CO2/HCO-3-free medium. Addition of the GABAA receptor-permeant weak-acid anion, formate (20 mM) reestablished the SGEs that were first suppressed by exposure to the CO2/HCO-3-free medium. No SGEs were seen in the presence of a similar concentration of the GABAA receptor-impermeant anion propionate. Unlike the alkaline transients associated with HCO-3-driven SGEs, those supported by formate were not blocked by BA. The present data suggest that an inward current carried by bicarbonate is necessary for the generation of SGEs and that the GABAA receptor-mediated excitatory coupling among GABAergic interneurons is essentially dependent on the availability of intracellular bicarbonate.
Treatment of a chronic Scedosporium apiospermum vertebral osteomyelitis (2004)

Scedosporium apiospermum is a rare cause of fungal vertebral osteomyelitis that may result in chronic infection requiring multiple surgical interventions and long-term medical therapy. This case is the seventh one reported in the literature and is the first to include salvage surgery of a previous major spinal reconstruction. This report is also the first to describe the use of the new antifungal agent voriconazole. In treating this case of chronic vertebral osteomyelitis, several principles are emphasized from both the surgical and medical perspectives. From a surgical perspective, the use of salvage surgery, temporary avoidance of spinal instrumentation, and an appropriate choice of graft materials are emphasized. From a medical perspective, confirmation of the diagnosis, the need for long-term antifungal therapy, the need for long-term patient compliance, and the use of the new antifungal agent voriconazole are emphasized. Application of these principles has led to an adequate 2-year outcome.
Silane cross‐linking of PVC. II. Influence of silane type and conditions on cross‐linking by water (1993)

Abstract The cross‐linking of plasticized and unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) grafted with amino‐ and mercaptoalkyltrialkoxysilanes has been studied in water and in air at 20–140°C. In both media, the cross‐linking occurs faster for plasticized PVC grafted with aminosilanes; however, at temperatures above 100°C, the effect of degradation cross‐linking is apparent. For mercaptosilanes, a marked dependence of the cross‐linking rate on the silane structure was found; plasticized PVC with grafted 3‐mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane was cross‐linked in water at 100°C after 6 h, whereas this process took 12 h for 5‐mercaptopentyltriethoxysilane. Practically no cross‐linking occurred in unplasticized PVC below T g , whereas the rate at 100°C was comparable with that for plasticized PVC. The cross‐linking rate is affected by the chain mobility, water content, and diffusion of water into the material; a very slight dependence on the thickness of the material was found for plasticized PVC. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Machine learning, human experts, and the valuation of real assets (2019)

We study the accuracy and usefulness of automated (i.e., machine-generated) valuations for illiquid and heterogeneous real assets. We assemble a database of 1.1 million paintings auctioned between 2008 and 2015. We use a popular machine-learning techniqueâneural networksâto develop a pricing algorithm based on both non-visual and visual artwork characteristics. Our out-of-sample valuations predict auction prices dramatically better than valuations based on a standard hedonic pricing model. Moreover, they help explaining price levels and sale probabilities even after conditioning on auctioneersâ pre-sale estimates. Machine learning is particularly helpful for assets that are associated with high price uncertainty. It can also correct human expertsâ systematic biases in expectations formationâand identify ex ante situations in which such biases are likely to arise.
Facial Expression Retargeting from Human to Avatar Made Easy (2020)

Facial expression retargeting from humans to virtual characters is a useful technique in computer graphics and animation. Traditional methods use markers or blendshapes to construct a mapping between the human and avatar faces. However, these approaches require a tedious 3D modeling process, and the performance relies on the modelers' experience. In this paper, we propose a brand-new solution to this cross-domain expression transfer problem via nonlinear expression embedding and expression domain translation. We first build low-dimensional latent spaces for the human and avatar facial expressions with variational autoencoder. Then we construct correspondences between the two latent spaces guided by geometric and perceptual constraints. Specifically, we design geometric correspondences to reflect geometric matching and utilize a triplet data structure to express users' perceptual preference of avatar expressions. A user-friendly method is proposed to automatically generate triplets for a system allowing users to easily and efficiently annotate the correspondences. Using both geometric and perceptual correspondences, we trained a network for expression domain translation from human to avatar. Extensive experimental results and user studies demonstrate that even nonprofessional users can apply our method to generate high-quality facial expression retargeting results with less time and effort.
<sup>222</sup>Rn,<sup>210</sup>Pb,<sup>210</sup>Bi, and<sup>210</sup>Po profiles and aerosol residence times versus altitude (1973)

Results of measurements of 222Rn, 210Pb, 210Bi, 210Po, and 90Sr concentrations in air at various altitudes up to 16 km over the continental United States are presented and discussed in relation to their sources and application as tracers for the estimation of the residence time of particles in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. It is concluded from the ratios of these isotopes that the simple steady state model does not apply to the long-lived radon daughters. Comparison of mean radioisotope concentration profiles with a theoretical model indicates that the mean aerosol residence time in the troposphere is less than 7 days and that most of the 210Po in the troposphere is of continental surface origin. The magnitude of the increase in mean aerosol residence time with altitude within the troposphere appears to be less than a factor of 3. The mean aerosol residence time in the lower stratosphere is calculated to be about 1–2 months, approximately 10 times that of tropospheric aerosols.
Gloss of Model Ink Jet Coatings at High Ink Loads (2002)

Several model ink jet coatings having a broad range of hydrophilicity were imaged on three printers. The gloss of these images was independent of the hydrophilicity of the ink jet coating. However, when the most hydrophobic and hydrophilic systems were coated on top of each other the gloss of printed image areas was dependent on the hydrophobicity of top layer. In experiments having a hydrophilic layer on the top, the gloss of imaged areas was independent of ink load and the ratio between both ink jet coating layers. When a hydrophobic layer was coated on the top hydrophilic layer, drop of 60 points in gloss was observed at a 400% ink load. The gloss reduction can be dependent on a ratio between both ink jet coating layers and ink load. Correlations were found between water absorption, gloss reduction and content of the most hydrophobic component in the coatings. It was shown that the difference in the degree of absorption between the two ink jet coating layers has an effect on the gloss of printed areas.
<i>In situ</i>forming polymeric drug delivery systems (2009)

In situ forming polymeric formulations are drug delivery systems that are in sol form before administration in the body, but once administered, undergo gelation in situ, to form a gel. The formation of gels depends on factors like temperature modulation, pH change, presence of ions and ultra violet irradiation, from which the drug gets released in a sustained and controlled manner. Various polymers that are used for the formulation of in situ gels include gellan gum, alginic acid, xyloglucan, pectin, chitosan, poly(DL-lactic acid), poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) and poly-caprolactone. The choice of solvents like water, dimethylsulphoxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, triacetin and 2-pyrrolidone for these formulations depends on the solubility of polymer used. Mainly in situ gels are administered by oral, ocular, rectal, vaginal, injectable and intraperitoneal routes. The in situ gel forming polymeric formulations offer several advantages like sustained and prolonged action in comparison to conventional drug delivery systems. The article presents a detailed review of these types of polymeric systems, their evaluation, advancements and their commercial formulations. From a manufacturing point of view, the production of such devices is less complex and thus lowers the investment and manufacturing cost.
Las bibliotecas escolares en Alemania (1991)

V OY a realizar una a.., exposicion del esta1.....do y funcionamiento l! de las bibliotecas en l!! el medio escolar ale� _ man de los aftos 80 y actual. '-. Es necesario que explique tres he�, chos para diferenciar la situacion en Alemania respecto a Francia en lo que concierne a la organizacion de las bibliotecas escolares. · El sistema federal del gobierno aleman y sus consecuencias para la instalacion de bibliotecas escolares. · El sistema educativo en los Lands (Bundeslllnder) · La profesion y la formacion del bibliotecario, dependiente del siste­ ma de bibliotecas. Un informe sobre la biblioteca de Mannheim pondrA el punto final a la exposicion de mi balance con el fin de daros un ejemplo del trabajo prac­ tico de la biblioteca escolar.
Mutation in the UL97 open reading frame of human cytomegalovirus strains resistant to ganciclovir (1994)

The same point mutation in the human cytomegalovirus UL97 open reading frame was found in three independently isolated ganciclovir-resistant mutants of strain AD169. Point mutations in the DNA polymerase genes of these strains have been previously identified (N.S. Lurain, K.D. Thompson, E.W. Holmes, and G.S. Read, J. Virol. 66:7146-7152, 1992). All three strains are, therefore, double mutants. To determine the contribution of the UL97 mutation to the high ganciclovir resistance of these mutants, the mutation from the ganciclovir-resistant strain D6/3/1 was transferred to the wild-type strain AD169 to produce the recombinant R6HS. The ganciclovir resistance of R6HS is 4-fold lower than that of D6/3/1 but 10-fold higher than that of AD169. R6HS, like AD169, is sensitive to the nucleotide analogs (S)-1-[(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxy) propyl]adenine and (S)-1-[(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxy)propyl]cytosine. Ganciclovir phosphorylation in R6HS-infected cells was at the same reduced level as that found in cells infected with the parental mutant D6/3/1. The same G-to-T transversion at nucleotide 1380 in the UL97 coding sequence is present in both R6HS and D6/3/1. This mutation results in the substitution of isoleucine for methionine at amino acid residue 460. In an alignment of the R6HS UL97 amino acid sequence with the amino acid sequences of a wide range of protein kinase family members, methionine 460 lies within a highly conserved region which may function in nucleotide binding and phosphate transfer.
Chronic psychosocial factors and acute physiological responses to laboratory-induced stress in healthy populations: A quantitative review of 30 years of investigations. (2008)

This meta-analysis included 729 studies from 161 articles investigating how acute stress responsivity (including stress reactivity and recovery of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal [HPA] axis, autonomic, and cardiovascular systems) changes with various chronic psychosocial exposures (job stress; general life stress; depression or hopelessness; anxiety, neuroticism, or negative affect; hostility, aggression, or Type-A behavior; fatigue, burnout, or exhaustion; positive psychological states or traits) in healthy populations. In either the overall meta-analysis or the methodologically strong subanalysis, positive psychological states or traits were associated with reduced HPA reactivity. Hostility, aggression, or Type-A behavior was associated with increased cardiovascular (heart rate or blood pressure) reactivity, whereas anxiety, neuroticism, or negative affect was associated with decreased cardiovascular reactivity. General life stress and anxiety, neuroticism, or negative affect were associated with poorer cardiovascular recovery. However, regarding the sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system, there were no associations between the chronic psychosocial factors and stress reactivity or recovery. The results largely reflect an integrated stress response pattern of hypo- or hyperactivity depending on the specific nature of the psychosocial background.
Roger - Robotic Geostationary Orbit Restorer (2003)

Since 1994, space debris has been an agenda item at the Science and Technical Committee of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNCOPUOS). Meanwhile progress has been made with the implementation of “Space Debris Safety and Mitigation Standard Handbooks” However no binding agreement has been reached on international level, only recommendations for debris minimisation have been formulated: ”measures should be applied uniformly and consistently by the entire international space faring community; studies should be continued on future possible solutions to reduce the population of onorbit debris”. In support of the a.m. recommendations ESA has issued the ROGER (“Robotic Geostationary Orbit Restorer) systems study which concentrate on the situation in the most valuable geostationary orbit, in particular on collision probability and on re-orbiting of satellites into disposal orbit. This paper provides the technical and programmatic results of the a. m. ESA study. Specifically, the paper will: • Describe the main tasks of the ROGER System, which consists of inspection services for satellite operators on request and the transportation of out-of-order satellites into a special graveyard orbit • Describe the special means of the ROGER satellite to be capable to fulfill these task • Describe the operational concept and its constraints • Describes the justification of the selected scenario w.r.t. the arguments for the commercial applications The concept foresees to approach a selected target satellite using rendezvous sensors and perform an inspection orbit. This inspection service by a zoom camera could be ordered by e.g. a satellite operator or a space assurance company. Another order could be the transportation of an end-of-life satellite into the graveyard orbit. Satellite operators are normally responsible to bring their satellites into graveyard by their own propulsion system and propellant mass. This residual propellant can be used to enhance the operational lifetime for the satellite and hence could make more profit. A part of this profit could be spent for the ROGER graveyard transportation service. ROGER in its layout has specifically designed devices, to approach to the target, capture it, stabilize the attitude and transport it into a graveyard orbit. The necessary technical devices, the operational procedures and an overview about the commercial aspects will be given in this paper. The presentation will be supported by a brief video film and models of the demonstrator and the proposed operational vehicle.
The difference between neuroscience and psychoanalysis: Irreducibility of absence to brain states (2021)

There is a difference between neuroscience and psychoanalysis in terms of their primary correlate for subjectivity. Neuroscience defines its discourse in relationship to the materiality of the brain – something that is present – whereas one of the defining features of psychoanalysis is its relationship to problematic forms of absence, namely, unconscious mental processes. One central concern in this regard is the proposition of unconscious mental processes as a wish-fulfillment. In this paper, the logic of the unconscious as a wish-fulfillment is mobilized as a type of knowledge having significant value for understanding neuroscience as a social and historical community. From this perspective, one of the central problems of neuroscience, the “hard problem of consciousness,” is framed not as a problem of neurological correlation but of problematic experience itself. This reframing of the hard problem of consciousness suggests that in order to bring neuroscience and psychoanalysis together, theorists need to think principles of absence. This can be explored with the metaphysics of absence, where indeterminacy and incompleteness become central, and also in the psychoanalytic formulation of the death drive, where we reach the limit of conscious mastery and control. From this foundation, neuroscience and psychoanalysis may find productive dialogue in constructing an “absential science” which would allow a space for new theory of the human relationship to sex (libido) and death (mortality). This paper argues that such new theory is necessary because the future development of neuroscientific technologies could transform fundamental experiences of absence which structure subjective discourse.