gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic neural field optimization using the unscented Kalman filter (2011)

Dynamic neural fields have been proposed as a continuous model of a neural tissue. When dynamic neural fields are used in practical applications, the tuning of their parameters is a challenging issue that most of the time relies on expert knowledge on the influence of each parameter. The methods that have been proposed so far for automatically tuning these parameters rely either on genetic algorithms or on gradient descent. The second category of methods requires to explicitly compute the gradient of a cost function which is not always possible or at least difficult and costly. Here we propose to use unscented Kalman filters, a derivative-free algorithm for parameter estimation, which reveals to efficiently optimize the parameters of a dynamic neural field.
Crossed Immunoelectrophoretic Analysis of Precipitins to <i>Candida albicans</i> in Deep <i>Candida</i> Infection (1975)

By means of crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel the precipitins to C. albicans in sera from 18 patients with deep Candida infection were compared with the findings in a control material consisting of sera from 169 'normal' controls (mainly healthy blood donors), 25 patients with oral candidiasis, 14 patients with vaginal candidiasis, and 6 persons without candidiasis giving false positive reactions by the double diffusion method. Up to 20 different precipitins were found in individual sera, and precipitins were demonstrated in all sera except in 6 'normal' controls. Of 692 precipitins 682 (98%) were identified and titrated in terms of the 78‐component reference system described earlier for C. albicans . No free Candida antigens were found, but would have been detected by the method. The best criterion for discrimination between sera from patients and controls was the precipitin score, which accounts for number of precipitins and for titres. A precipitin score of more than 6 1/2 had a diagnostic sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 99.5%. Eleven precipitin specificities were found solely in the patients' sera, but the highest sensitivity for a single precipitin was 33%. Until more evidence has accumulated in favour of a monospecific immunoassay it is therefore rational to use a complex antigen extract for further evaluations of diagnostic Candida serology and a short cut to standardization would be the introduction of the method used in the present study.
Subset-sum phase transitions and data compression (2011)

We propose a rigorous analysis approach for the subset sum problem in the context of lossless data compression, where the phase transition of the subset sum problem is directly related to the passage between ambiguous and non-ambiguous decompression, for a compression scheme that is based on specifying the sequence composition. The proposed analysis lends itself to straightforward extensions in several directions of interest, including non-binary alphabets, incorporation of side information at the decoder (Slepian-Wolf coding), and coding schemes based on multiple subset sums. It is also demonstrated that the proposed technique can be used to analyze the critical behavior in a more involved situation where the sequence composition is not specified by the encoder.
Acoustic Insertion Loss Measurement of HQ-Tube Liner (2002)

A new advanced passive acoustic liner system for large turbofan engines is presented. The passive system consists of the integration of traditional single-layer liners with multiple arrays of Herschel-Quincke waveguides, i.e. HQ-liner concept. This system has the potential of offering superior noise reduction capability for a large turbofan engine inlet with reduced cost and weight over the current multi-layer liner structures. The main goal of this work is to experimentally demonstrate the HQ-liner’s ability to attenuate noise in the acoustic/flow environment found in real systems. To this end, multiple configurations of HQ-liner systems were tested in a rectangular duct under high intensity noise and high grazing flow. This work summarizes the acoustic insertion loss measurement test results for the HQ-tube liner. The development and validation of HQ-liner models are also underway and will be reported in the near future.
Comparison of Surgical Treatment Options for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease in Large‐Breed Dogs with Excessive Tibial Plateau Angle (2008)

Postoperative TPA<or=14 degrees and addition of ancillary implants are recommended when using TPLO to treat dogs with eTPA.
The Hemostatic History of a 15-Month-Old Child Implanted with a Berlin Heart Left Ventricular Assist Device (2007)

We documented the hemostatic changes associated with placement of a EXCOR Berlin Heart left ventricular assist device in a 15-month-old child before heart transplantation. The development of hypercoagulability was rapid, manifested first by a plasmatic and subsequently platelet-mediated increase in coagulation kinetics and strength that persisted for weeks. The patient had no thrombotic complications for 6 wk before transplant but required extraordinary blood product administration to achieve hemostasis secondary to aggressive, multimodal anticoagulation. In summary, when proscribing anesthetic and surgical management of patients with a Berlin Heart, consideration of hypercoagulable features and anticoagulant therapy must be made to maximize patient safety.
A prototype fingertip with high spatial resolution pressure sensing for the robot iCub (2008)

Tactile feedback is of crucial importance for object manipulation in unknown environments. In this paper we describe the design and realization of a fingertip which includes a capacitive pressure sensor with 12 sensitive zones. It is naturally shaped and its size is small enough so that it can be mounted on the fingers of the humanoid robot iCub. It also embeds the electronic device which performs A/D conversion: this is beneficial for the signal to noise ratio and reduces the number of wires required to connect the fingertip to the robot. The fingertip is made of silicone, which makes its surface and inner structure compliant and flexible. We present preliminary experiments performed with the first prototype.
Laparoscopic injury of abdominal wall blood vessels: A report of three cases (1993)

Background: Operative laparoscopy is being used for an increasing number of applications. Many of these innovative techniques require the insertion of large trocars through the anterior abdominal wall at points lateral to the midline. Because of the rich vascular supply of the anterior abdominal wall, the incidence of abdominal wall vessel injuries appears to be increased by these techniques. Cases: Three cases are reported in which abdominal wall blood vessels were injured during operative laparoscopy. Case 1 describes laceration of the inferior epigastric artery above the pubic crest. Despite initial hemostasis with a transabdominal suture ligation, postoperative blood loss necessitated transfusion and reoperation to control bleeding. Case 2 describes hematoma formation after unrecognized injury to one of the epigastric vessels. The hematoma resolved without sequelae with conservative treatment. Case 3 describes hematoma formation under a laparoscopic trocar incision lateral to the umbilicus that progressed to an abscess and was treated with drainage, irrigation, and antibiotics. Conclusions: Choosing appropriate trocar types and insertion sites based on a thorough understanding of anterior abdominal wall anatomy may minimize the risk of vessel injury during operative laparoscopy. However, because of anatomical variation, strategies for managing vessel injuries and their sequelae are also necessary.(Obstet Gynecol 1993;82:673-6)
Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Therapies for Resectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) and Palliation Strategies (2002)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy in the liver worldwide. The incidence of the tumor varies geographically. Thus, in the eastern area (China, Taiwan, and Japan) there are more than 20 cases per year per 100'000 population compared to less than 5 cases per 100'000 in most western countries [1]. The etiology of HCC is multifactorial. The two most important factors are the presence of cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis [2]. Early detection of HCC still remains a challenge. At the time of diagnosis, only 20-30% of all patients have tumors that are surgically resectable. Survival after curative resection is 30%-50% at five years. The poor outcome of the disease led to the development of different adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies. There are numerous studies dealing with the treatment of HCC. Unfortunately, only few randomized controlled trials exist. In addition, there is no consensus on staging of HCC and no standardization of the outcome in the literature, which makes it difficult to compare the different procedures. This paper summarizes the current strategies in the treatment of HCC.
Influence of the growth factors PDGF‐BB, TGF‐β1 and bFGF on the replicative aging of human articular chondrocytes during in vitro expansion (2009)

Decreasing replicative potential and dedifferentiation of articular chondrocytes during expansion in cell culture are essential limitations for tissue engineering and cell therapy approaches. Telomeres and telomerase play a key role in cell development, aging, and tumorigenesis. There is evidence that growth factors are involved in regulating telomerase activity. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effect of selected growth factors on telomere biology of serially passaged chondrocytes. Human articular chondrocytes were isolated from cartilage of three patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. The chondrocytes were cultured in monolayer with the growth factors PDGF-BB, TGF-beta1, and bFGF. Telomere length was measured by telomere restriction fragment length assay, and telomerase activity was determined by quantifying the gene expression of its catalytic subunit hTERT by rtPCR. Chondrocytes cultured with PDGF-BB and TGF-beta1 showed a significantly higher proliferation rate than control cells. None of the growth factor cultures revealed an accelerated rate of telomere shortening. Telomerase was not expressed in significant amounts in any of the chondrocyte cultures. Growth factor treatment of chondrocyte cell cultures for cell therapy purposes can be regarded as safe in terms of telomere biology.
Vitamin E Levels in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.) Expressing a <i>p</i>-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Gene from Oat (<i>Avena sativa</i> L.) (2014)

The enzyme p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) is ubiquitous in plants and functions in the tyrosine catabolic pathway, resulting in the formation of homogentisate. Homogentisate is the aromatic precursor of all plastoquinones and tocochromanols, including tocopherols and tocotrienols. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) has been genetically modified to express the gene avhppd-03 that encodes the protein AvHPPD-03 derived from oat (Avena sativa L.). The AvHPPD-03 isozyme has an inherent reduced binding affinity for mesotrione, a herbicide that inhibits the wild-type soybean HPPD enzyme. Expression of avhppd-03 in soybean plants confers a mesotrione-tolerant phenotype. Seeds from three different avhppd-03-expressing soybean events were quantitatively assessed for content of eight vitamin E isoforms. Although increased levels of two tocopherol isoforms were identified for each of the three soybean events, they were within, or not substantially different from, the ranges of these isoforms found in nontransgenic soybean varieties. The increases of these tocopherols in the avhppd-03-expressing soybean events may have a slight benefit with regard to vitamin E nutrition but, given the commercial processing of soybeans, are unlikely to have a material impact on human nutrition with regard to vitamin E concentrations in soybean oil.
Gene Electrotransfer: A Mechanistic Perspective (2016)

Gene electrotransfer is a powerful method of DNA delivery offering several medical applications, among the most promising of which are DNA vaccination and gene therapy for cancer treatment. Electroporation entails the application of electric fields to cells which then experience a local and transient change of membrane permeability. Although gene electrotransfer has been extensively studied in in vitro and in vivo environments, the mechanisms by which DNA enters and navigates through cells are not fully understood. Here we present a comprehensive review of the body of knowledge concerning gene electrotransfer that has been accumulated over the last three decades. For that purpose, after briefly reviewing the medical applications that gene electrotransfer can provide, we outline membrane electropermeabilization, a key process for the delivery of DNA and smaller molecules. Since gene electrotransfer is a multipart process, we proceed our review in describing step by step our current understanding, with particular emphasis on DNA internalization and intracellular trafficking. Finally, we turn our attention to in vivo testing and methodology for gene electrotransfer.
Handheld fluorescence imaging device detects subclinical wound infection in an asymptomatic patient with chronic diabetic foot ulcer: a case report (2015)

Chronic wounds are a significant burden to global patient and health care infrastructures, and there is a need for better methods of early wound diagnosis and treatment. Traditional diagnosis of chronic wound infection by pathogenic bacteria, using clinical signs and symptoms, is based on visual inspection under white light and microbiological sampling (e.g. swabbing and/or biopsy) of the wound, which are subjective and suboptimal. Diagnosing microbial infection based on traditional clinical signs and symptoms in wounds of asymptomatic patients is especially challenging at the bedside. Bacteria are invisible to the unaided eye and wound sampling for diagnostic testing can cause unacceptable delays in diagnosis and treatment. To address this problem, we developed a new prototype handheld, portable fluorescence imaging device that enables non-contact, real-time, high-resolution visualisation of pathogenic bacteria and tissues in wounds. Herein, we report the clinical use of this imaging device in detecting subsurface heavy bacterial load and subclinical local infection in an asymptomatic 50-year-old patient with a non-healing diabetic foot ulcer.
Carotid occlusion in a 27-year-old man (1986)

A 27-year-old man developed premature carotid atherosclerosis some 15 years after mantle radiation to the head and neck for nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma. (Neurosurgery 18:459-460, 1986)
<i>gas7</i> : A gene expressed preferentially in growth-arrested fibroblasts and terminally differentiated Purkinje neurons affects neurite formation (1998)

Growth arrest-specific (gas) genes are expressed preferentially in cells that enter a quiescent state. gas7, which we identified in serum-starved murine fibroblasts, is reported here to be expressed in vivo selectively in neuronal cells of the mature cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. gas7 transcripts encode a 48-kDa protein containing a structural domain that resembles sequences of OCT2, a POU transcription factor implicated in neuronal development, and synapsins, which have a role in modulating neurotransmitter release. Using in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical analysis, we show that GAS7 expression occurs prominently in cerebellar Purkinje cells and that inhibition of production in terminally differentiating cultures of embryonic murine cerebellum impedes neurite outgrowth from maturing Purkinje cells. Conversely, GAS7 overexpression in undifferentiated neuroblastoma cell cultures dramatically promotes neurite-like outgrowth. Collectively, our results provide evidence for an association between expression of this gas gene and neuronal development.
Sensitivity of catalysis to surface structure: The example of CO oxidation on Rh under realistic conditions (2008)

Using a combination of surface x-ray diffraction and mass spectrometry at realistic pressures, the CO oxidation reactivity of Rh(111) and Rh(100) model catalysts has been studied in conjunction with the surface structure. The measurements show that the presence of a specific thin surface oxide is crucial for the high activity of the Rh based CO oxidation. As this oxide is readily formed on all Rh facets, we conclude that the specific Rh crystal planes exposed during catalysis will not directly influence the reactivity. This is fortified by the very close similarity between the Rh(111) and the Rh(100) results.
Opportunistic Mycotic Infections of the Upper Limb (1996)

Opportunistic fungal infections of the upper limb are rare and require a host who is immunologically compromised. A review of these rare mycotic infections is presented. The hand surgeon should be aware of these infections and should have a high index of suspicion in order to establish an early diagnosis and institute an appropriate management.
Drift compensation for automatic nanomanipulation with scanning probe microscopes (2006)

Manipulation of nanoparticles with atomic force microscopes (AFMs) has been under development for a decade and is now well established as a technique for prototyping nanodevices and for other applications. Until now, the manipulation process for particles with sizes of a few nanometers has been very labor intensive. This severely limits the complexity of the structures that can be built. Particle sizes on the order of 10 nm are comparable to the spatial uncertainties associated with AFM operation, and a user in the loop has been needed to compensate for these uncertainties. This paper addresses thermal drift, which is the major cause of errors for AFMs operating in ambient conditions. It is shown that drift can be estimated efficiently by using Kalman filtering techniques. This approach has firm theoretical foundations and is validated by the experimental results presented in this paper. Manipulation of groups of 15-nm particles is demonstrated under program control, without human intervention over a long period of time, in ambient air and at room temperature. Coupled with existing methods for high-level motion planning, the manipulation capabilities introduced here will permit assembling, from the bottom up, nanostructures that are more complex than those being built today with AFMs. Note to Practitioners-Nanomanipulation with scanning probe microscopes (SPMs) has potential applications in nanodevice and system prototyping, or in small-batch production if multitip arrays are used instead of single tips. However, SPM nanomanipulation is still being used primarily in research labs. A major obstacle to its wider use is the labor and time involved in the process. These are largely due to spatial uncertainty in the position of the tip (which is analogous to a robot's end effector) relative to the sample being manipulated. Today, a skilled user is needed to determine where the tip is and to correct manipulation errors due to inaccurate positional estimates. The major cause of this spatial uncertainty is thermal drift between the tip and the sample. At the time scales relevant to manipulation, the drift can reach values comparable to the size of the objects, especially if these are below /spl sim/10 nm. The techniques discussed in this paper compensate for the drift and enable automated manipulation, with associated savings in time and labor, and increased complexity of the resulting structures.
Protein micro and nanoencapsulation within glycol-chitosan/Ca<sup>2+</sup>/alginate matrix by spray drying (2011)

Encapsulation of therapeutic peptides and proteins into polymeric micro and nanoparticulates has been proposed as a strategy to overcome limitations to oral protein administration. Particles having diameter less than 5 µm are able to be taken up by the M cells of Peyer's patches found in intestinal mucosa. Current formulation methodologies involve organic solvents and several time consuming steps. In this study, spray drying was investigated to produce protein loaded micro/nanoparticles, as it offers the potential for single step operation, producing dry active-loaded particles within the micro to nano-range. Spherical, smooth surfaced particles were produced from alginate/protein feed solutions. The effect of operational parameters on particle properties such as recovery, residual activity and particle size was studied using subtilisin as model protein. Particle recovery depended on the inlet temperature of the drying air, and mean particle size ranged from 2.2 to 4.5 µm, affected by the feed rate and the alginate concentration in the feed solution. Increase in alginate:protein ratio increased protein stability. Presence of 0.2 g trehalose/g particle increased the residual activity up to 90%. Glycol-chitosan-Ca(2+)alginate particles were produced in a single step operation, with resulting mean diameter of 3.5 μm. Particles showed fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA)-protein entrapment with increasing concentration toward the particle surface. Similar, limited release profiles of BSA, subtilisin and lysozyme were observed in gastric simulation, with ultimate full release of the proteins in gastrointestinal simulation.
Demonstration of Optical Rotatory Dispersion of Sucrose (1999)

A method for demonstrating and measuring the optical activity of chiral molecules in solution is described in which the rotation of linearly polarized light is directly observed at right angles to the propagation of light in the liquid. The specific rotation is accurately determined from a plot of the intensity of laser light scattering (Tyndall and Rayleigh scattering) as a function of distance along the light path. As an example, the optical rotatory dispersion curve for sucrose is reported.
High spatial density measurements of the vibro-acoustic response of some aircraft structures (2000)

Experiments involving spatially dense interior pressure and surface velocity measurements (10–1000 Hz) on aircraft structures both in the laboratory and in-flight are reported. In the laboratory experiments, the structures were predominately excited by point forcing functions applied at a number of locations on the fuselage. The structural-borne energy couples energy into the interior at resonant frequencies of both the structure and the interior cavity. The normal modes of the cavity tend to dominate the problem at frequencies above 100–200 Hz where the density of states is very high. Further, we also report on in-flight measurements involving the use of a scanned microphone array (55 microphones at 32 axial stations) in the passenger cabin of a turbo-prop powered aircraft. The surface velocity was determined through near-field acoustic holography (NAH). The counter-clockwise rotating propellers sweep past the fuselage, resulting in a slap of air pressure on the aircraft sidewalls. This motion creates a dominant antisymmetric (left/right) surface velocity and interior pressure distribution at the blade passage frequency and its harmonics. The results associated with two laboratory experiments and one in-flight experiment, along with some comparisons to complex three-dimensional finite element-infinite element numerical models, will be reported.