gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD24-Positive Cells from Normal Adult Mouse Liver Are Hepatocyte Progenitor Cells (2011)

The identification of specific cell surface markers that can be used to isolate liver progenitor cells will greatly facilitate experimentation to determine the role of these cells in liver regeneration and their potential for therapeutic transplantation. Previously, the cell surface marker, CD24, was observed to be expressed on undifferentiated bipotential mouse embryonic liver stem cells and 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine-induced oval cells. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of a rare, primary, nonhematopoietic, CD24+ progenitor cell population from normal, untreated mouse liver. By immunohistochemistry, CD24-expressing cells in normal adult mouse liver were colocalized with CK19-positive cholangiocytes. This nonhematopoietic (CD45-, Ter119-) CD24+ cell population isolated by flow cytometry represented 0.04% of liver cells and expressed several markers of liver progenitor/oval cells. The immunophenotype of nonhematopoietic CD24+ cells was CD133, Dlk, and Sca-1 high, but c-Kit, Thy-1, and CD34 low. The CD24+ cells had increased expression of CK19, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, Sox 9, and FN14 compared with the unsorted cells. Upon transplantation of nonhematopoietic CD24+ cells under the sub-capsule of the livers of Fah knockout mice, cells differentiated into mature functional hepatocytes. Analysis of X and Y chromosome complements were used to determine whether or not fusion of the engrafted cells with the recipient hepatocytes occurred. No cells were found that contained XXXY or any other combination of donor and host sex chromosomes as would be expected if cell fusion had occurred. These results suggested that CD24 can be used as a cell surface marker for isolation of hepatocyte progenitor cells from normal adult liver that are able to differentiate into hepatocytes.
Glulam rivets in radiata pine (1994)

Glulam rivets are special nails for making high strength connections in timber structures. This paper describes an investigation of glulam rivet behaviour in radiata pine timber grown in New Zealand. Test results are compared with those on Canadian species, and with several international codes. The European yield theory is shown to give excellent prediction of glulam rivet strength in those connections where wood tension failures do not occur. Simple techniques for obtaining rivet bending strength and wood embedment strength are described, to provide input to the yield theory equations. Key words: fastenings, glulam, laminated, nails, pine, radiata, rivets, timber, wood.
Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography/angiography with an economic and compact supercontinuum laser (2019)

In this study, a Q-switch pumped supercontinuum laser (QS-SCL) is used as a light source for <i>in vivo</i> imaging via ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography and angiography (UHR-OCT/OCTA). For this purpose, an OCT system based on a spectral-domain detection scheme is constructed, and a spectrometer with a spectral range of 635 - 875 nm is designed. The effective full-width at half maximum of spectrum covers 150 nm, and the corresponding axial and transverse resolutions are 2 and 10 µm in air, respectively. The relative intensity noise of the QS-SCL and mode-locked SCL is quantitatively compared. Furthermore, a special processing algorithm is developed to eliminate the intrinsic noise of QS-SCL. This work demonstrates that QS-SCLs can effectively reduce the cost and size of UHR-OCT/OCTA instruments, making clinical applications feasible.
Performances of Ne-like Ar Soft X-ray Laser using Capillary Z-Pinch Discharge (2003)

We have designed, fabricated and tested a soft X-ray device, which uses a capillary discharge to achieve neon-like argon lasing. The ceramic capillary has an inner diameter of 3 mm and a length of 150 mm. Lasing has been confirmed when operating the device with a current of 9 to 32 kA with a rise time of 55 ns, in an argon gas pressure range from 100 to 800 mTorr. The relation between the observation of the laser spike and occurrence of the moving striation has been studied by a series of side-view observations. The appropriate starting time of the main discharge with respect to that of the predischarge current has been studied. When the predischarge is properly applied, constant laser amplification of the gain-length product of gl=12 (g=0.8 cm-1) was obtained, with a current of 32 kA at a pressure of 400 mTorr.
Efficiency of Various Wild Plant Extracts Against the Cotton Aphid, Aphis gossypii Glov. (Aphididae: Homoptera) (2005)

Crude extracts of wild plant species were investigated for their activity against cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glov. Extracts were obtained by extracting fresh plants successively with solvents of variable polarities, hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, acetone and ethanol.  Among of 125 solvent extracts, hexane, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate extracts of Hyoscyamus muticus, acetone extract of Verbascum sinuatum and ethanol extract of Rumex dentatus gave high toxicity against A. gossypii. Their LC50 values were 0.727, 0.883, 1.013, 0.805 and 1.143 mg/cm2, respectively.  Results indicated that 19 plant hexane extracts induced high toxic effect (LC50 ranged between 0.727 and 7.481 mg/cm2) against A. gossypii. Also, 22 plant diethyl ether extracts showed high toxic effect towards the tested insect (LC50's ranged from 0.883 to 10.00 mg/cm2). On basis of the LC50 value, 21 plant ethyl acetate extracts exhibited potent activity to A. gossypii (LC50 values ranged between 1.013 and 10.857 mg/cm2). Twenty-two ...
Isothiazole chemistry. IV. Cyanide cleavage of the S-N bond in 3-hydroxyisothiazole (1967)

Nucleophilic attack on 3-hydroxyisothiazole by cyanide ion, yielding cis-3-thiocyanoacrylamide, has been investigated over the pH range 0.00-5.50. Rate constants have been measured both for direct attack by cyanide ion and from the effect of cyanide ion in retarding the cyclization of the thiocyanoacrylamide; in both cases the derived rate constants agree. The pH-rate profile of the reaction reveals the existence of two kinetically discrete mechanisms. Within the range 5.50-4.00 the dominating mechanism is one involving a slow direct attack on 3-hydroxyisothiazole itself, while at pH less than 3.50 the conjugate acid of this molecule is subjected to a much faster attack. Equilibrium studies have been made for the system, and the effect of temperature on the equilibrium constant has been used to derive thermodynamic parameters.
Enzastaurin (ENZ) before and concomitant with radiation therapy (RTX) followed by ENZ maintenance therapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) without hypermethylation of the O<sup>6</sup>-methylguanyl DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter: A multicenter, open-label, uncontrolled phase II study. (2011)

2007 Background: There is an unmet need to improve efficacy outcome for GBM patients without hypermethylation of the MGMT promoter. Preclinical data indicate potential activity of ENZ, an oral PKC beta inhibitor, together with RTX (Tabatabai, Ann Neurol 2007, 61) in GBM. This single arm phase II study treated GBM patients with unmethylated MGMT promoter with ENZ and RTX. Methods: Patients (pts) with newly diagnosed supratentorial GBM without methylation of the MGMT promoter were eligible. ENZ 250 mg twice daily was given on 7 days before, concomitant with RTX (60 Gy; 5 times 2 Gy per week), and in the maintenance therapy until progression. The study’s primary endpoint was 6-months progression-free survival (PFS-6). The study needed to observe 43 events of progression or death to have 80% power to detect an improvement to 55% compared to 40% PFS-6 rate, observed in the EORTC trial (Hegi, NEJM 2005, 352). Results: Between 10/07 and 07/09 a total of 57 pts were enrolled (median age 57.6 years). ECOG scores were 0 (39 pts), 1 (16 pts) and 2 (2 pts). Complete resection was performed in 25 pts, partial resection in 23 pts, and biopsy in 9 pts. The 57 enrolled pts received 100% median ENZ dose intensity, the 53 pts continuing to RTX received 60 Gy median cumulative RTX dose. Two pts had grade 3/4 possibly drug-related lab adverse events. Eleven pts had grade 3 (5pts), 4 (3pts) and 5 (3pts) non lab toxicity. One pt died after CNS hemorrhage and 2 with infection. The PFS-6 rate was 51.8% (95% CI 38.1-63.9). Conclusions: This is the first trial performed in pts with GBM to publish data, limiting entrance to the molecularly defined unfavorable subgroup of pts with unmethylated MGMT status. Although showing some encouraging PFS-6 results, the study did not reach its primary endpoint. Side effects were manageable and the combination therapy was performed as planned. Further molecular data may identify subgroups of pts that warrant a controlled study to assess the role of ENZ for this pt population.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of tert.‐Butyl 4‐Aminomethyl‐3‐carboxymethyl‐2,3,4‐trideoxy‐ 5‐hydroxymethyl‐α‐D‐lyxopyranoside‐δ‐lactam (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Interactive Technology: Teaching People with Autism to Recognize Facial Emotions (2011)

In daily life, we interact with others by exchanging a huge quantity of information, including our current states of emotions, through facial expressions. Thus, faces are crucial for the recognition and understanding of emotions and for assisting communications and interactions between people. Individuals with autism tend to avoid looking at others ’ human
Interactions of cells with silk surfaces (2012)

Polymers are often employed in tissue engineering to replace damaged extracellular matrix (ECM). During the last few decades silk proteins have been extensively investigated concerning their use as biopolymers for the generation of biocompatible, artificial scaffolds. Including the low or absence of immune-response and lack of cell toxicity, silk proteins present interesting properties useful for tissue engineering and organ repair. Since cell–matrix interactions define the behaviour of cells and posterior graft integration, this review is focused on the influence of surface properties of silk scaffolds (wettability, charge, elasticity and biodegradability) on the biological activity (adhesion, proliferation and/or migration) of cells cultured thereon. Further, it is highlighted how the origin of silk proteins (natural source, regenerated or recombinantly produced), as well as the scaffold morphology and its treatment/post-treatment influence the scaffold surface properties in the context of biomedical applications.
Experimental-theoretical response of ZnS(Ag) scintillating disc for gross /spl alpha/-measurements of aqueous radioactivity (2003)

ZnS(Ag) scintillating discs coupled to a photomultiplier window tube were used to determine the percent differences between experimental and theoretical detector efficiencies. The experimental detection efficiencies were determined at various concentrations of /sup 233/U and /sup 237/NP spiked wastewaters to be /spl sim/17-18% The theoretical detection efficiency was calculated using an analytical model for an infinitely thick alpha source and were within 7% of the experimental values. In addition to these static measurements, on-line dynamic experiments were conducted. In these dynamic experiments, four concentrations of /sup 233/U wastewater (14.2 to 86.8 Bq/mL) were quantified using the experimental detection efficiency and determined to be within 17-18% of the expected concentrations. Pulse height analyses were performed for /sup 233/U spiked wastewater and for a 3700 Bq /sup 90/Sr solid point source. For a very low discriminator setting the /sup 90/Sr//sup 90/Y detection efficiency was about 3.5%, which was reduced to essentially zero by slightly raising the discriminator setting. The effect on the alpha detection efficiency from raising the discriminator level was minimal.
Detection of Coherent Optical Signals in Generalized Gaussian Noise (1982)

Results of receiver performance for the detection of a coherent light signal in the presence of background radiation are obtained and compared for two different types of background noise: a Gaussian field and a Gaussian field whose complex analytic signal is not circularly symmetric. It is pointed out that the randomness in the noise radiation does not significantly diminish the probability of correct detection.
Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation during Mitral-Valve Surgery (2015)

The addition of atrial fibrillation ablation to mitral-valve surgery significantly increased the rate of freedom from atrial fibrillation at 1 year among patients with persistent or long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation, but the risk of implantation of a permanent pacemaker was also increased. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00903370.).
Room Temperature Oxidation of Sputter-Deposited Titanium Films (1985)

The effects of oxygen partial pressure (0.3 to 1.6 kPa) on the room temperature oxidation behaviour of sputter-deposited titanium films (58 nm in thickness) have been investigated by using a quartz-oscillator microbalance. The titanium films were sputter-deposited onto a quartz oscillator from a pure titanium target or a titanium target partially covered with TiO2 square tips under argon or argon-1% oxygen atomosphere at 1 Pa pressure. It was found that a major portion of the oxide layer (18-6×1019 O2/m2) was formed during the initial fast oxidation process and the initial oxidation rate in the low oxygen partial pressure (0.3-200 Pa), as well as the number of the oxygen sorption layer, depended on the oxygen partial pressure. However, as the oxygen partial pressure increased, the oxidation rate was almost independent of the oxygen partial pressure. The oxygen dissolved during the sputter-deposition from the target (Ti-TiO2) or from gas phase (Ar-O2) was found to decrease the initial fast oxidation rate and the number of the sorption layers. After the initial fast oxidation, the oxidation process followed a usual logarithmic rule.
Li Salt Anion Effect on O<sub>2</sub> Solubility in an Li–O<sub>2</sub> Battery (2017)

For the promising Li–O2 battery to be commercialized, further understanding of its constituents is needed. This study deals with the role of O2 in Li–O2 batteries, both its influence on electrochemical performance and its solubility in lithium-salt-containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) electrolytes. Experimentally, the electrochemical performance was evaluated using cylindrical ultramicroelectrodes. Two independent techniques, using a mass spectrometer and an optical sensor, were used to evaluate the O2 solubility, expressed as Henry’s constant. Furthermore, the ionic conductivity, dynamic viscosity, and density were also measured. Density functional theory calculations were made of the interaction energy between O2 and the different species in the electrolytes. When varying O2 partial pressure, the current was larger at high pressures confirming that the O2 concentration is of key importance when studying the kinetics of this system. Compared with neat DMSO, the O2 solubility increased with addition of LiTFSI and decreased with addition of LiClO4, indicating that the salt influences the solubility. This solubility trend is best explained in terms of apparent molar volume and interaction energy between O2 and the salt anion. In conclusion, this study shows the importance of O2 concentration, not just its partial pressure, and that the choice of Li salt can make this concentration increase or decrease.
Spezifische Wechselwirkung von Proteinen mit funktionellen Lipidmonoschichten ‐ Wege zur Simulation von Biomembranprozessen (1990)

Abstract Das Zusammenspiel von molekularer Selbstorganisation und molekularer Erkennung führt zum Aufbau von funktionellen supramolekularen Systemen, in denen Ordnung und Beweglichkeit kombiniert sind und deren Funktion auf ihrer Organisation beruht. Diese faszinierenden Phänomene – und die lebende Zelle ist die bislang perfekteste Ausführung – sind nur im Zusammenwirken verschiedener Bereiche unserer Wissenschaften zu verstehen. Mit synthetischen supramolekularen Systemen lassen sich natürliche Biomembranprozesse wie die spezifische Erkennung von membrangebundenen Liganden durch Rezeptorproteine simulieren. So führt die spezifische Wechselwirkung von Vitamin H (Biotin) mit dem tetrafunktionellen Protein Streptavidin in der Monoschicht zur zweidimensionalen Kristallisation des Proteins, wobei noch zwei seiner Biotinbindungsstellen frei zugänglich bleiben. Diese sollten durch Andocken von biotinylierten Molekülen den Aufbau proteinhaltiger funktioneller Multischichten ermöglichen. Ein weiteres Beispiel ist die mit dem Erkennungsprozeß gekoppelte Funktion von Enzymen. Bei der Wechselwirkung von Phospholipase A 2 mit Lecithinmonoschichten kommt es nach der spezifischen Erkennung zwischen Enzym und Substrat zur Lipidspaltung, gefolgt von einer Aggregation des Enzyms zu Domänen. Fluoreszenzmikroskopisch konnten diese Prozesse direkt verfolgt werden: ein Enzym wurde in flagranti erwischt.
Impending Motion Direction of Contacting Rigid Bodies (1993)

Three different formulations are presented for expressing the initial motion direction of a system of contacting frictionless rigid bodies under gravity;. The bodies are assumed to have no initial velocity. The first formulation expresses the accelerations of the bodies in terms of the contact forces between the bodies. The contact forces are themselves expressed as the solution to a quadratic programming problem. The second formulation expresses the accelerations of the bodies according to Gauss' principle of least constraint. This principle is well-known to apply to systems with holonomic motion constraints (such as joints or hinges); in this paper, we show that the principle extends to the nonholonomic constraints that arise due to contact between bodies. The third formulation is conceptually the simplest; it says simply that the initial acceleration of the system is in the direction that most quickly decreases the gravitational potential energy of the system without violating the contact constraints between the bodies.
A−2→G transition at the 3′ acceptor splice site of IVS17 characterizes the COL2A1 gene mutation in the original stickler syndrome kindred (1996)

Hereditary progressive arthro-ophthalmopathy, or "Stickler syndrome," is an autosomal dominant osteochondrodysplasia characterized by a variety of ocular and skeletal anomalies which frequently lead to retinal detachment and precocious osteoarthritis. A variety of mutations in the COL2A1 gene have been identified in "Stickler" families; in most cases studied thus far, the consequence of mutation is the premature generation of a stop codon. We report here the characterization of a COL2A1 gene mutation in the original kindred described by Stickler et al. [1965]. Conformational sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) [Ganguly et al., 1993] was used to screen for mutations in the entire COL2A1 gene in an affected member from the kindred. A prominent heteroduplex species was noted in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product from a region of the gene including exons 17 to 20. Direct sequencing of PCR-amplified genomic DNA resulted in the identification of a base substitution at the A-2 position of the 3' splice acceptor site of IVS17. Sequencing of DNA from affected and unaffected family members confirmed that the mutation segregated with the disease phenotype. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis of poly A+ RNA demonstrated that the mutant allele utilized a cryptic splice site in exon 18 of the gene, eliminating 16 bp at the start of exon 18. This frameshift eventually results in a premature termination codon. These findings are the first report of a splice site mutation in classical Stickler syndrome and they provide a satisfying historical context in which to view COL2A1 mutations in this dysplasia.
Potential Zoonotic Infection of Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus in Xenotransplantation (2012)

Porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) is considered the major biosafety issue in xenotransplantation. Several techniques have been employed for the analysis of the PERV status in the animal donor and for the assessment of PERV transmission/infection in the xenograft recipient. In this chapter, methods to assess the expression of PERV and the potential for PERV transmission from a donor animal are described in addition to the identification of relevant loci within the porcine genome.PERV detection can be carried out using several techniques of which quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and RT-PCR are the most sensitive. However, other procedures can be employed such as detection of reverse transcriptase activity (i.e. viral replication) in the sample or immunostaining of the infected cells using an anti-PERV antibody. The PERV transmission assay has been described to identify the transmission phenotype of the pig donor, and subsequent risk from a donor. This assay can, therefore, direct the selection of the most suitable animal. Finally, it is important to determine the presence of critical PERV loci involved in transmission in the pig genome and compare between different animals. One of the methods for the analysis of these PERV integration sites is described.
Three-Dimensional Stereoscopic Volume Rendering of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (2012)

Our objective was to investigate the application of three-dimensional (3D) stereoscopic volume rendering with perceptual colorization on preoperative imaging for malignant pleural mesothelioma. At present, we have prospectively enrolled 6 patients being considered for resection of malignant pleural mesothelioma that have undergone a multidetector-row computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest. The CT data sets were volume rendered without preprocessing. The resultant 3D rendering was displayed stereoscopically and used to provide information regarding tumor extent, morphology, and anatomic involvement. To demonstrate this technique, this information was compared with the corresponding two-dimensional CT grayscale axial images from two of these patients. Three-dimensional stereoscopic reconstructions of the CT data sets provided detailed information regarding the local extent of tumor that could be used for preoperative surgical planning. Three-dimensional stereoscopic volume rendering for malignant pleural mesothelioma is a novel approach. Combined with our innovative perceptual colorization algorithm, stereoscopic volumetric analysis potentially allows for the accurate determination of the extent of pleural mesothelioma with results difficult to duplicate using grayscale, multiplanar CT images.
Adrenal Epinephrine and Phenylethanolamine N-methyl Transferase (PNMT) Activity in the Rat Bearing a Transplantable Pituitary Tumor (1968)

Plasma corticosterone and adrenal PNMT were measured in rats bearing a transplantable pituitary tumor (MtT-F4) for 6 weeks. The 8-fold increase in plasma corticosterone levels was associated with a 350% increase in adrenal PNMT and a 160 % increase in adrenal epinephrine. (Endocrinology83: 1357, 1968)
Study on magnetic noise caused by harmonics in output voltages of PWM inverter (2002)

Harmonic components included in the output waveform of inverter circuits cause magnetic noise from the output transformers or load motors. Functions are proposed for estimating the magnetic noise caused by the harmonics. By applying those functions, one can predict which of the waveforms is more noisy. The magnetic noise in several waveforms of PWM (pulsewidth-modulation) inverters is compared, and the output waveform is improved in order to reduce it.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>