gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micropackaging Technologies for Integrated Microsystems: Applications to MEMS and MOEMS (2003)

Although MEMS technologies and device structures have made significant progress in the past three decades and have found widespread application in many areas, including Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MOEMS), packaging and assembly techniques suitable for many of these emerging applications have not kept pace. Packaging is one of the most costly parts of microsystem manufacturing, and it is also often the first to fail or negatively influence the system response. This paper addresses the packaging and assembly challenges of microsystems and MEMS for different applications. Hermetic and vacuum micropackaging, wafer-level packaging and bonding, and miniature sealed interconnection and feedthrough technologies will be reviewed. Results from long-term accelerated testing, and from in-situ tests, especially in biological hosts, will also be discussed. Issues and challenges facing packaging of MOEMS will be discussed.
[Population problems of the Gaoshan minority in Taiwan]. (1984)

The Gaoshan minority constitutes about 2% of Taiwan's population, and the total Gaoshan minority is estimated to have a population of 400,000. Most of them live on the island's west coast, in the central mountains, and eastern valleys. The birth rate of the Gaoshan minority is slightly higher than that of the average population, but its death rate is about two to three times above average. From 1949 to 1979, the population growth rate for the Gaoshan minority was about 79%. Close to 97% of the population is made up of young people and only 3% are old people. There are more males than females, and the age for marriage is generally young. The timespan of childbearing for the female is comparatively long. The educational and cultural levels of the Gaoshan minority are low. Most of the people earn their living by engaging in agriculture, together with additional activities in fishing and hunting; approximately 75% of the working people belong to this category. Only 14% are people who are working in industry, mining, commerce, and the transportation business. About 11% work in other professions. In recent years, the average income from agriculture and animal husbandry has gradually decreased, and the income from industrial wages and business has shown an obvious increase.
재래시장의 고객지향적인 상인조직화 연구 (2011)

우리나라 재래시장은 1996년 유통시장의 완전 개방으로 막대한 자금력과 풍부한 경영 노하우를 갖춘 외국 유통업체의 국내 진출 및 국내 대형할인점과 기업형 수퍼마켓(SSM)의 급속한 증가로 업태 간 경쟁이 격화되는 어려운 환경에 처해 있다. 게다가 재래시장은 시설 노후화, 상인들의 고령화, 현대적인 경영마인드 부재 등 내부요인으로 인해 경쟁력을 상실하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 침체되어 가는 재래시장의 경쟁력 확보를 위해 재래시장 상인들의 상인조직화에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 이를 위해 전국 1,517개 재래시장을 대상으로 한 ``2010년 전통시장 및 점포경영 실태조사``를 활용하여 탐색적인 연구방법을 적용하여 도출한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 재래시장 상인회 운영 실태 조사지표인 10가지 항목을 토대로 요인 분석한 결과, 상인조직 기반역량, 상인조직화역량 및 상인조직 활동역량으로 구분된다. 둘째, 3가지 차원의 역량들 중 상인조직 기반역량을 제외하고 상인조직화역량과 활동역량은 경영성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 상인회 가입률, 상인회비 납부비율 및 시설/경영현대화사업은 상인회 설립 기반에 관한 문제로 고객지향적인 요인은 아니라는 것을 의미하고 있다. 셋째, 법적단체인 등록상인회가 임의단체인 친목회/번영회보다 재래시장 경영성과를 더 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 상인회 사무실 수, 상인회 상근직원 수, 상인교육 이수자 수, 공동사업 수, 그리고 대외연계 캠페인 수는 경영성과에 유의한 영향을 미친 반면, 상인회 가입률은 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결국 고객지향적인 상인조직 운영을 위해서는 적극적이고 리더십을 발휘하기 수월한 등록상인회가 유리하며, 상인조직이 탄탄하게 운영될 수 있는 조직화 역량의 구축이 선결되어야 하며, 시설환경 개선 등 물리적인 측면보다 공동사업 추진이나 대외 연계 캠페인 등 재래시장의 이미지 제고가 필요하며 이를 토대로 재래시장의 공동브랜드 개발 등으로 확대하는 방향으로 상인조직이 운영되어야 한다는 점을 시사하고 있다.
Developmental expression of metabotropic P2Y<sub>1</sub> and P2Y<sub>2</sub> receptors in freshly isolated astrocytes from rat hippocampus (2001)

There are at least three subtypes of cloned metabotropic P2 receptors linked to intracellular Ca(2+) rises in rat brain cells, namely, P2Y(1), P2Y(2) and P2Y(4). In this study we explore the subtypes of the metabotropic P2 receptors seen in freshly isolated astrocytes (FIAs) from P8-P25 rats. We found by single cell RT-PCR that in process-bearing FIAs from hippocampi of P8-P12 rats, 31% of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA (+) cells expressed P2Y(1) mRNA while only 5% of the cells tested expressed P2Y(2) mRNA. The expression of P2Y(1) receptor mRNA was not changed in FIAs from the hippocampi of P18-P25 rats, but 38% of the GFAP mRNA (+) cells in the P18-P25 age group then showed P2Y(2) mRNA. We also studied whether the mRNA was expressing functional receptor protein by measuring Ca(2+) responses to specific agonists for P2Y(1) and P2Y(2). We found that similar proportions of GFAP mRNA (+) FIAs responded to ATP or UTP as showed mRNAs for P2Y (1) and P2Y(2,) respectively. Total tissue RNA from P9 and P24 rat hippocampus showed a 2.8-fold increase in P2Y(2) mRNA levels from P9 to P24 with a decrease in P2Y(1) mRNA. Thus, this study shows a marked up-regulation of mRNA for P2Y(2) from 9 to 24 days in rat hippocampus, and some of this increase is likely due to the protoplasmic astrocytes which is being translated into functional receptor protein in these cells.
Crescentic nephritis at Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa--not a benign disease. (1994)

The etiology of crescentic nephritis (CN) in the developing world differs from that of Europe and North America. This retrospective study of 73 patients is the largest series of CN in the developing world. The records of all renal biopsies performed at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, over thirteen years, between January 1977 and April 1991, were reviewed. Specimens selected for this study had six or more glomeruli and over 50% of these glomeruli had crescent formation. It confirms that post infectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN) (n = 21) is the commonest cause of CN in this setting. In addition there were 15 patients with CN associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). These two groups make this study unique as they are the largest series of each described in the literature. Thirty-nine (53%) patients in this series progressed to end-stage renal failure (ESRF) and only nine (12%) patients recovered renal function to a normal serum creatinine. Eight (38%) patients in the PIGN group developed ESRF, indicating the poor prognosis of this condition. Six of eight patients in the PIGN group treated with steroids and cyclophosphamide recovered to a serum creatinine level less than 200 mumol/l and only one progressed to ESRF, which may indicate that this form of therapy is beneficial. Thirteen (87%) patients with SLE either developed ESRF or died which suggests that the presence of crescents in this condition is associated with a poor prognosis.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF THE LABRID FISH GENUS CIRRHILABRUS FROM THE RED SEA (2013)

ABSTRACT Cirrhilabrus blatteus and Cirrhilabrus rubriventralis, new species, are described from the northwestern Red Sea, Gulf of Elat (= Gulf of 'Aqaba). C. blatteus, the largest species of the genus (up to at least 114 mm SL), is distinctive in color, particularly the purple of its bones, which persists in preservative, and in the biserial pairing of some of the suborbital pores. C. rubriventralis differs from all known species of the genus in having a single row of scales on its cheek, as well as a marked prolongation of the interspinous membranes at the anterior end of the dorsal fin of males.
Expression of chick <i>Fgf19</i> and mouse <i>Fgf15</i> orthologs is regulated in the developing brain by <i>Fgf8</i> and <i>Shh</i> (2007)

Fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) constitute a family of signaling molecules that play essential roles in development. We have studied the expression pattern of mouse Fgf15 in the developing brain. Fgf19 is another member of the FGF family that has been suggested as the chick and human ortholog of mouse and rat Fgf15. Here, we compare the expression pattern during neural development of chick Fgf19 with mouse Fgf15. Unlike Fgf15, Fgf19 presents an expression in the isthmic alar plate, diencephalic and mesencephalic parabasal plates, hindbrain basal plate, as well as in the zona limitans intrathalamica (zli). Moreover, we explored the regulation between Fgf19 and the signaling molecules of the isthmic and zli organizers: Fgf8 and Shh, respectively. Considering the possibility that Fgf19 plays a similar role in humans and chicks, this finding could explain the significant diencephalic phenotypic differences between humans and mice in models and diseases where the Shh pathway is affected.
Using Rigid-Body Mechanism Topologies to Design Shape-Changing Compliant Mechanisms (2015)

This paper uses rigid-body mechanism topologies to synthesize fully distributed compliant mechanisms that approximate a shape change defined by a set of morphing curves in different positions. For a shape-change problem, a rigid-body mechanism solution is generated first to provide the base topology. This base topology defines a preselected design space for the structural optimization in one of two ways so as to obtain a compliant mechanism solution that is typically superior to the local minimum solutions obtained from searching more expansive design spaces. In the first strategy, the dimensional synthesis directly determines the optimal size and shape of the distributed compliant mechanism having exactly the base topology. In the second strategy, an initial mesh network established from the base topology is used to generate different topologies (in addition to the base), and an improved design domain parameterization scheme ensures that only topologies with well-connected structures are evaluated. The deformation of each generated compliant mechanism is evaluated using geometrically nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA). A two-objective genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to find a group of viable designs that trade off minimizing shape matching error with minimizing maximum stress. The procedure's utility is demonstrated with three practical examples—the first two approximating open-curve profiles of an adaptive antenna and the third approximating closed-curve profiles of a morphing wing.
The Roles of Attitude, Motivation, and Identity in Heritage Language Learning among Korean Americans (2011)

Much research has been conducted on learning English as an additional language both in the United States and around the world. However, there have been fewer studies focusing on heritage language learners (HLLs) who have already acquired English as their native tongue and are learning their heritage language as an L2, or second language (Joo, 2009). The rapidly growing number of language minority individuals who have turned their attention towards learning their heritage languages have led both secondary schools and universities to restructure their foreign language classes in order to better address the needs of HLLs (Jensen & Llosa, 2007). Who exactly are HLLs, and what defines them as such? What makes HLLs different from L2 learners? This paper will take a sociolinguistic and socio-psychological perspective on HLLs, with a particular focus on Korean Americans in the United States. How do attitude, motivation, and identity play a role in heritage language acquisition among Korean American learners? Do these socio-psychological factors affect one another in the learning process? What are the pedagogical implications for teachers and students?
New Formaldehyde Base Disinfectants (1973)

Preparations of formaldehyde in various organic liquids-ethylene glycol, glycerol, and propylene glycol-serve as effective disinfectants towards microbial vegetative cells and spores. This disinfection is a temperature-dependent process and is manifest when these formaldehyde base disinfectants are dissolved in water. The irritating vapors associated with formaldehyde disinfection are not present in either of these new formaldehyde base disinfectants or in aqueous solutions of them.
Off-Flavor in the Channel Catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus) Due to 2-Methylisoborneol and its Dehydration Products (1988)

Off-flavor in channel catfish is a serious problem in the commercial culture industry affecting 50-80% of growout ponds during the warmer months of the year. A microwave distillation technique has been developed to isolate volatile compounds from affected material. 2-Methylisoborneol (MIB) is the predominant compound isolated from off-flavored catfish during the growing season (April-October) in west Mississippi and is responsible for a musty type of flavor. Geosmin and other as yet unidentified compounds are also important causes of an earthy type off-flavor. 2-Methylenebornane and 2-methyl-2-bornene, dehydration products of MIB, were shown to contribute to the off-flavor problem. The absorption (2 hours) and depuration (48 hours) of MIB in catfish fingerlings were determined. MIB and its dehydration products are concentrated primarily in subepidermal and abdominal fat. Lesser concentration occurs in the liver and muscle tissue of off-flavored fish. Removing fish to clean, flowing water to purge MIB and geosmin could provide a partial means for off-flavor abatement.
다문화 가정의 이중 언어 교육에 대한 연구: 한국-베트남어를 중심으로 (2018)

본 연구는 한-베 다문화 가정에서의 이중 언어 교육에서 발견되는 어려움과 최근의 변화에 주목하며 베트남 결혼 이주민들의 이중 언어 교육 과정에 대한 참여 관찰을 실시하였다. 또한 한-베 다문화가정의 이중 교육에 나타난 변화와 의미를 분석하기 위해서 17명 베트남 결혼 이주민 여성들과 심층 인터뷰 하였다. 면담결과에 따르면 베트남 결혼 이주 여성들이 이중 언어 교육을 실시하며 겪은 어려움은 이방인으로 바라보는 주변의 시선, 한국에서 살기에 베트남어 보다 상대적으로 더 실용적인 한국어를 더 중시하게 되는 조건, 시어머니나 남편의 거부를 극복하기 어려운 위치, 자녀의 언어 발달과 학습능력 및 정서에 혼란을 줄 것에 대한 불안감 등에서 나타나고 있었다. 이러한 어려움이 있음에도 외가와 자녀의 관계 형성, 어머니로서의 자신감과 다문화 가족의 자부심 강화, 경제적 가치를 잠재하는 외국어 능력으로서의 실용성 등의 이유로 자녀의 이중 언어교육에 관심을 기울이기도 하였다. 한국-베트남 다문화 가정 이중 언어 교육이 보다 더 지속성 있고 효율적인 적정 시간 동안 전문성 있는 교육 과정을 통해 체계적으로 교육 콘텐츠를 개발하여야 한다. 또한 이중 언어 교육의 가장 핵심적인 인력인 결혼 이주 여성인 어머니들이 교육 매개자로서 추구하고 있는 정보를 제공해 줄수 있어야 한다. 또한 예산의 부족으로 인해 교육 현장 곳곳에서 일어나는 비효율적이고 비교육적인 상황을 극복하여 예산의 확대와 양질의 강사 수급 문제를 해결할 방안이 모색되어야 한다.
Implementation of probabilistic decision rules improves the predictive values of algorithms in the diagnostic management of ectopic pregnancy (1999)

Current algorithms for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy do not take into account the heterogeneity in patient profiles. Such heterogeneity can lead to differences in the pre-test probability of ectopic pregnancy. In patients with clinical symptoms, for example, the probability of presence of an ectopic pregnancy is higher than in symptom-free patients. Any additional tests should then be interpreted differently, depending on the pre-test probability. We present a diagnostic algorithm that uses probabilistic decision rules for the evaluation of women with suspected ectopic pregnancy with flexible cut-off levels for test positivity We compare it with a general algorithm that uses fixed cut-off levels. Fictitious cohorts, varying in prevalence of ectopic pregnancy were put together, using data obtained from a cohort of >800 women with suspected ectopic pregnancy. In the inflexible algorithm, ectopic pregnancy was diagnosed whenever it could be visualized at transvaginal sonography, or where serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) exceeded a rigid cut-off level; ectopic pregnancy was rejected if an intrauterine pregnancy was seen or when serum HCG decreased. In the flexible algorithm, a post-test probability was obtained after each test, using pre-test probabilities and test-based likelihood ratios. Ectopic pregnancy was diagnosed whenever the post-test probability for ectopic pregnancy exceeded 95%, whereas this diagnosis was rejected if the calculated post-test probability fell below 1%. For both algorithms, sensitivity and specificity as well as predictive values were calculated. At each prevalence, the inflexible algorithm was associated with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 97%. In contrast, the sensitivity and specificity of the flexible, individualized algorithm depended on the prevalence of ectopic pregnancy. Consequently, predictive values varied strongly when the inflexible algorithm was used, whereas they were much more stable after using the flexible algorithm. For five possible valuations of false positive and false negative diagnoses, the flexible algorithm reduced the expected disutility, compared with the inflexible algorithm. It is concluded that clinicians should incorporate probabilistic decision rules in algorithms used for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.
Microbial Water Stress Physiology: Principles and Perspectives (1990)

Water Availability and Properties of Aqueous Solutions. Microorganisms and Their Habitats. Chronic Stress: Some Generalizations About the Tolerance of Low Water Potential by Fully Adapted Organisms. Chronic Stress: The Tolerance of Low Water Potential by Fully Adapted Organisms The Halobacteriaceae. Chronic Stress: The Tolerance of Low Water Potential by Fully Adapted Organisms A Selection of Examples. Acute Stress: Short-Term Responses of Microorganisms to Changes in Water Potential. Some Aspects of Turgor/Volume Control: General Observations and Theory. Turgor/Volume Control: Specific Examples. Compatible Solutes. Appendix. Bibliography. Index.
Design and implementation of median filter based adaptive motion vector smoothing for motion compensated frame rate up-conversion (2009)

In this paper, we propose a new motion vector smoothing based on the median filter for motion compensated frame rate up-conversion. The proposed method adaptively detects and corrects outliers in a motion vector field by considering neighboring motion vectors surrounding the current motion vector. Experiments show that the proposed method improves the average PSNR by up to 0.938 dB for all test sequences using the low hardware resource.
Measurements of picosecond laser pulses from mode-locked Nd:YAG laser (1976)

This paper deals with measurements of picosecond laser pulse parameters such as temporal and spatial profile, and power. Pulseshape measurements were conducted by using the combined streak camera and optical multichannel analyzer system. The precision of measurements are discussed.
Lack of evidence for the involvement of rectal and oral trichomonads in the aetiology of vaginal trichomoniasis in Ghana (2006)

In this group of women, there was no evidence for the involvement of trichomonads other than T vaginalis in the aetiology of vaginal trichomoniasis.
An Identity Based Encryption system (2004)

We describe an Identity Based Encryption (IBE) cryptosystem based on a scheme presented by Boneh and Franklin [3]. We implement the abstract mathematical concepts underlying this system. We reuse an existing Elliptic curve arithmetic API, [4] to reduce the development time of the IBE system. We present a Java Cryptographic Architecture (JCA) integrated implementation of IBE that will allow Java developers to easily take advantage of this new encryption system and thus eliminate some of the most serious practical problems associated with existing public key infrastructure systems. The JCA implementation facilitates the hiding of all the complicated mathematical details of the system and further demonstrates the utility of Java as security development language.
Analogue CMOS vector normalisation circuit (1999)

A novel CMOS analogue circuit is proposed, which can be used to perform vector normalisation with respect to a Euclidean measure, with a bias circuit for all inputs and only four transistors per input. It is very fast, with < 1% linearity error over a decade of the norm of the input vector.
ATTESTED GENUINENESS IN SERVICE ORIENTED ENVIRONMENTS (2013)

Authentication merely proves the identity of the parties during a SOA transaction. In order to trust the bona fide conduct of an operation there is also a need for trusting the software. The parties should provide a proof of genuineness which can be validated in the other end. In this paper, two different approaches to hardware assisted software integrity control is presented. They both combine with an identity management service to provide attested genuineness for improved trust in the transaction. One approach employs the well known Trusted Platform Module hardware unit, the other is based on custom design hardware.
Visual Losses in Early Age-Related Maculopathy (1993)

Age-related maculopathy (ARM) can be considered a transition from normal retinal changes to pathological processes. It is important to recognize patients who have progressed beyond a normal state in order to provide appropriate clinical management. This pilot study considers the clinical dilemma of diagnosing and monitoring early ARM. We carried out a controlled study and tested the visual functions of 11 pre-ARM (PARM) and 11 early ARM subjects. Apart from compromised visual acuity, losses in central visual field, color vision, and visual adaptation were also recorded in our ARM subjects. We found a low contrast (LC) Amsler grid to be most sensitive to central field defects and that the desaturated panel D-15 gave too many false positives among normal elderly subjects. Our results indicate foveal sparing in early ARM and question the capacity of acuity assessment to reflect early functional changes adequately. A clinical battery is recommended to detect and monitor ARM.
The Distribution of Academic Ability in the Teaching Force: Policy Implications. (1982)

In 1981 we presented a study support ing the conclusion that teachers who score highest on measures of academic ability are most likely to leave teaching early.1 Our findings also indicated that those who score highest leave teaching in the greatest numbers and that those who score lowest are most likely to stay in the classroom.2 But the data from which we drew these conclusions were limited to North Carolina. Furthermore, we could not determine from these data whether those who left teaching in North Carolina did so to pursue teaching careers in other states. Thus the findings we reported could have stemmed from factors peculiar to the sample and the conditions under which those teachers worked. To discover whether our findings could be generalized to other teachers in other situations, we subsequently examined data drawn from a national sample. One of our reasons for
Direct marketing on the internet: An empirical assessment of consumer attitudes (1995)

This article reports results of a survey conducted to ascertain attitudes toward advertising and direct marketing on Internet. Results indicate that respondents react negatively to untargeted “cyber-junk” but are more favorable toward targeted marketing communication efforts. The Internet also allows marketers to target and communicate with highly involved and interested consumers, both domestic and global. The strengths and weaknesses of using Internet as a direct marketing medium are assessed.
Ted Parker: a personal memoir (1995)

It is now two years since the death of Ted Parker, and I still find it extremely difficult to talk or write about him in the past tense. Indeed, I doubt whether anyone linked with him through ornithology or conservation has yet come to terms with the enormity of the loss. At one level, it is simply that he knew so much of Neotropical birds and their habitats, in so much depth and so much breadth: no-one was his match, and no-one expected ever to be so. At another, it is simply that he was so distinct and vivid a personality, much more than merely “charismatic”: superhumanly energetic, trenchantly assertive, irrepressibly good-natured, subversively frank; and always, inexhaustibly, himself. This mix of features made him larger than life — legendary, even — and awesomely enriching to know, even to someone such as myself who, although corresponding with him for years, met him only twice.