gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monolithic Integrated Glass Micronozzle Emitters on Silicon for Nano-electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2015)

We demonstrate a novel structure of micronozzle emitters for nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The monolithic emitters are made of glass micronozzles integrated on silicon in a batch-fabrication process; self-enclosed glass capillaries were formed using a doped glass layer deposited at a non-conformal thickness profile across narrow trenches and then subjected to thermal reflow for shape transformation. A dry release step revealed micronozzles protruding from the substrate. This report is the first account of applying this unique process to obtain integrated emitters that are highly robust and feature a smooth interior surface that is free of etching roughness.
Suicidal Ideation Versus Suicidal Obsession: <i>A Case Report</i> (2007)

This case report illustrates the relationship between stress and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) by describing an unusual case of OCD sequelae following a suicide attempt. The patient is a 29-year-old married woman who suffered a major depressive episode without OCD and tried to commit suicide by drinking household cleaner. Following the attempt, violent obsessive thoughts of harming herself and others emerged along with avoidance behavior. After exposure therapy, there was a decrease in her obsessive thoughts, less anxiety, and no avoidance behavior. This report highlights not only the existence of "posttraumatic obsession" but also the importance of accurate interpretation of suicidal preoccupation, leading to the diagnosis of OCD rather then suicidal ideation secondary to depression.
Applications of RF current sources for transmit phased array (2005)

Current practice in MRI trends towards higher static magnetic field (B/sub 0/) because of the advantage of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However at high magnetic fields, the interaction between a coil and a load becomes significant, thus making current distribution on RF coils disturbed and causing transverse magnetic (B/sub 1/) field inhomogeneity. A novel approach to optimize B/sub 1/, field homogeneity is to use a transmit phased array and adjust the amplitudes and phases of the currents on each element independently. However, independent control is difficult to achieve in conventional arrays due to coupling between elements. In addition, the currents are generally load dependent. In this paper we show that a RF current source is an effective method for controlling the current on each element of the transmit phased array, and that the RF current source is much less sensitive to loading and a interelement coupling than a conventional 50Omega matched coil.
Colloid Crystal Growth on Mesoscopically Patterned Surfaces: Effect of Confinement (2002)

A very promising avenue for controlled growth of large-scale colloidal crystals has been opened. The speed of colloid crystal growth can be controlled by adjusting the electrodeposition parameters, and precise control of the degree of confinement is achieved by holographic patterning. This method also yields a new way of studying 2D and 3D confinement-induced order–disorder transitions (see Figure) in complex fluids.
Imino sugars potently activate the human glucose senor SGLT3 (2007)

This study examines the pharmacology and binding site structure of the novel human glucose sensor, sodium/glucose cotransporter type 3 (hSGLT3). We used electrophysiology and expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes, the results are compared to hSGLT1 and α‐glucosidases. Generally, hSGLT3 exhibits lower apparent affinities (K 0.5 ) but greater specificity for substrates than hSGLT1 (hSGLT3 K 0.5 values for D‐glucose analogs are 19 – 43 mM, and those for hSGLT1 = 0.07 – 10 mM; however, D‐galactose is not a hSGLT3 substrate, but is transported by hSGLT1 with the same K 0.5 as glucose). An important deviation from this trend is potent hSGLT3 activation by imino sugars (K 0.5 = 0.5 – 5 microM), including 1‐deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), N‐hydroxylethyl‐1‐deoxynojirimycin (Glyset®; miglitol) and N‐butyl‐1‐deoxynojirimycin (Zavesca®; miglustat). The diastereomer 1‐deoxygalactonojirimycin activates hSGT3 with a K 0.5 = 11 mM, (3000‐fold less potent than DNJ). For hSGLT1, no interaction with these imino sugars is observed. α‐Glucosidases exhibit similar imino sugar and glucose binding characteristics as hSGLT3, suggesting similar binding sites. Hence, crystal structures of DNJ‐glucosidase complexes provide insights into the hSGLT3 binding site architecture. This work also establishes a pharmacological profile to study endogenous hSGLT3 and may have important ramifications for the clinical application of imino sugars. Supported by NIH grants DK072818 (A.A.V.), DK19567 and DK44602.
How serotonin transporter gene variance affects defensive behaviours along the threat imminence continuum (2018)

Adequate responding to threat is essential to survival. The optimal defensive behavioural response depends on threat imminence. Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene variance is known to affect defensive behaviours, and thought to predispose to stress-related disorders. Here, we propose that reduced 5-HTT availability is associated with increased defensive behaviours before and after threat detection, as well as flight behaviour at circa-strike, all aimed at preventing direct threat confrontation, whereas it reduces fight behaviour. These differences in preferred behavioural responses seem concomitant with shifts in activity in the neurocircuitry underlying defensive behaviours. However, understanding of the altered recruitment of the neurocircuitry of defensive behavioural repertoires is still limited, warranting further research to delineate how 5-HTT gene variance affects neural responses along the threat imminence continuum.
Evidence for a gonadotropin from nonpregnant subjects that has physical, immunological, and biological similarities to human chorionic gonadotropin. (1976)

Substances from urinary extracts of normal, nonpregnant subjects and human pituitary gonadotropin preparations were found to react similarly to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in a radioimmunoassay system that is highly specific for hCG and without crossreactivity to human luteinizing hormone (hLH). The antiserum was produced in a rabbit immunized with a bovine albumin conjugate of the unique carboxyl-terminal peptide (residues 123-145) isolated from a tryptic digest of the reduced, S-carboxymethylated hCGbeta subunit. The antibody recognition site on the peptide was found to reside on the last 15 amino acid residues of the carboxyl-terminal peptide, as evidenced by the competitive binding activities against 125I-labeled hCG of a series of peptides chemically synthesized according to the carboxyl-terminal sequence of HCGbeta. In order to elucidate the nature of the crossreacting substance in urinary extracts, a human postmenopausal urinary preparation (Pergonal) and a kaolin-acetone extract of urine from a patient with Klinefelter's syndrome were subjected to gel chromatography on Sephadex G-100. The results indicate that fractions showing immunocrossreactivity with the antiserum to hCGbeta-carboxyl-terminal peptide coeluted with 125I-labeled hCG which was separated distinctly from hLH. The same fractions from this postmenopausal urinary gonadotropin preparation exhibited in vitro biological activity proportional to the immunocrossreactivity of the hCG-specific antiserum. Concentration of postmenopausal women's urine by acetone precipitation retained approximately five times more immunoreactivity per unit volume than kaolin-acetone extraction, when assayed with the antiserum to hCGbeta-carboxyl-terminal peptide.
Network path advising service for the future Internet (2012)

A common feature of emerging future Internet architectures is the ability for applications to select the path, or paths, their packets take between the source and destination. Unlike the current Internet architecture where routing protocols find a single (best) path between a source and destination, future Internet routing protocols will need to present applications with a choice of paths. Even if the routing service can return a list of possible paths, the huge number of potential paths and the need to know the current network conditions of each of the proposed paths will make it virtually impossible for applications to select the best set of paths, or just the best path. In this paper, we present a new network path advising service (NPAS) that helps future applications choose network paths. Given a set of possible paths, the NPAS service helps applications select appropriate paths based on both recent path measurements and end-to-end feedback collected from other applications. We describe the NPAS service abstraction, API calls, and a distributed architecture that achieves scalability by determining the most important things to monitor based on actual usage. Finally, we describe a prototype implementation of the NPAS service.
New Data on the Stability of bcc Iron in the Earth Inner Core (2001)

International audience
Raman and infrared studies on new anticancer inorganic ring systems. 2—Pentaziridinocyclodiphosphathiazene (NPAz<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>NSOAz, Az = (NC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>) (1982)

Abstract A Raman and infrared investigation of SOAz 2, one of the two allotropic varieties of a new anticancer agent, SOAz, has been made in order to have a better understanding of its interactions with DNA. A third allotropic variety, named SOAz 3, was found to be produced when heating SOAz 2. The SOAz 3 → SOAz 2 transformation is also described. SOAz 3 appears to be the conformation of SOAz in aqueous solution and consequently seems to be the moiety which is responsible for its anticancer effectiveness.
Trisporic Acid Biosynthesis in Blakeslea trispora via Mating Type-specific Precursors (1974)

Separate (+) and (-) mating type cultures of Blakeslea trispora synthesized: (a) labeled trisporic acid B and trisporic acid C when incubated with labeled, partially purified extracts isolated from opposite mating type cultures; (b) unlabeled trisporic acids when incubated with labeled glucose and unlabeled extracts isolated from opposite mating type cultures; and (c) over 100-fold less trisporic acids when incubated with labeled extracts isolated from the same mating type cultures. Thus, separate (+) and (-) cultures synthesize mating type-specific precursors of trisporic acids.
The reaction of oxazoles with singlet oxygen. II. A novel method for the preparation of .omega.-cyano acids (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe reaction of oxazoles with singlet oxygen. II. A novel method for the preparation of .omega.-cyano acidsHarry H. Wasserman and Eike DruckreyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 9, 2440–2441Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01011a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01011a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views257Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fabrication of Axially Symmetric Long-Period Gratings With a Carbon Dioxide Laser (2006)

We demonstrate a simple but effective method of creating an axially symmetric refractive index change in an optical fiber using the infrared beam from a carbon dioxide laser. Symmetric exposure of the fiber is achieved by using a single incident laser beam and placing a special reflector behind the fiber. Long-period gratings produced with this method exhibit clean spectra and very low insertion loss (<0.1 dB), similar to those induced by ultraviolet light
A dynamic game model for Amplify-and-Forward cooperative communications (2009)

Cooperative wireless communication protocols are designed with the assumption that users always behave in a socially efficient manner. This assumption may not be valid in commercial wireless networks where users may violate rules of cooperation to reap benefits of cooperation at no cost. Disobeying the rules of cooperation creates a social-dilemma where well-behaved users exhibit uncertainty about intention of other users. Cooperation in social-dilemma is characterized by a non-cooperative Nash equilibrium which indicates the difficulty of maintaining a socially optimal cooperation without establishing a mechanism to detect and mitigates effects of misbehavior. In this paper, we formulate interaction of users in cooperative Amplify-and-Forward as a dynamic game with incomplete information. We show the existence of a perfect Bayesian equilibrium.
Structure-activity relationship in a series of newly synthesized 1-amino-substituted ellipticine derivatives (1980)

The synthesis of a series of 1-amino-substituted pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole derivatives, based on the substitution of corresponding 1-chloroellipticines, is reported. The cytotoxic properties on tumor cells grown in vitro, the in vivo acute toxicity of the most potent in vitro cytotoxic compounds, and the antitumor properties toward the L1210 leukemia system are described. No correlation between the apparent association constant to DNA and the in vitro cytotoxicity or the in vito antitumor efficiency could be observed in this series. 9-Hydroxylated derivatives were more cytotoxic in vitro than the corresponding 9-methoxylated compounds. However, their antitumor efficiencies on the in vivo experimental systems do not confirm the advantage of demethylation. The presence of a [(dialkylamino)alkyl]amino side chain at the 1 position of ellipticines increases the antitumor potency: 1-[[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino]-5,11-dimethyl-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole (5) is a very potent antitumor compound (% ILS of 134 on the L1210 leukemia system).
A Theory of Algebra-Word-Problem Comprehension and Its Implications for the Design of Learning Environments (1992)

Abstract A tutoring approach is derived from a model of problem comprehension, based on the van Dijk and Kintsch (1983; Kintsch, 1988) theory of discourse processing. A problem statement is regarded as a text from which the student must glean propositional and situational information and make critical inferences. The competent student must coordinate this information with known problem models so that formal (i.e., algebraic) operations can be applied and exact solutions can be obtained. We argue that this task is a highly reading-oriented one in which poor text comprehension and an inability to access relevant long-term knowledge lead to serious errors. In particular, poor students often omit from their solutions or misspecify necessary mathematical constraints that are based on reading inferences needed to describe fully the problem situation. Furthermore, formal algebraic expressions are so abstract that their meaning is often elusive; this contributes to mistranslations and misinterpretations. The competent approach is teachable, however. We describe experimental results with ANIMATE, a learning environment that knows nothing of the problem at hand or of the student's actions. Subjects encouraged to reason explicitly about the situations described in typical word problems consistently performed as well as or better than those who were not, in both training and transfer task. We conclude that, by using an environment that gives equations situation-based meaning through computer animation, students learn to relate formal expressions to the referent situations. This enhances problem comprehension and gives a stronger representational base to the problem-solving process. A call for evaluation methods beyond just algebra problem-solving performance is made. The implications of this work for the design of future computer-based tutors and other learning environments are also discussed.
Growth and Laboratory Maintenance of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2013)

Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccus and a member of the normal skin flora as well as the nasal passages of humans. S. aureus is also the etiological agent of suppurative abscesses, as first described by Sir Alexander Ogston in 1880. Ever since, studies on S. aureus have focused on the complex battery of virulence factors and regulators that allow for its swift transition between commensalism and pathogenic states and escape from host immune defenses. The success of this pathogen is further evidenced by its ability to acquire antibiotic resistance traits through mechanisms that often remain poorly understood.
Influence of Gd and B on solidification behaviour and weldability of Ni–Cr–Mo alloy (2008)

The influence of Gd and B on the solidification behaviour and weldability of Ni–Cr–Mo alloy UNS N06455 has been investigated by Varestraint testing, differential thermal analysis and microstructural characterisation. These alloys are currently being developed as structural materials for nuclear criticality control in applications requiring transportation and disposition of spent nuclear fuel owned by the US Department of Energy. The Gd containing alloys were observed to solidify in a manner similar to a binary eutectic system. Solidification initiated with a primary L→ y reaction and terminated at ∼1258°C with a eutectic type L→ y+Ni 5 Gd reaction. The solidification cracking susceptibility of the Gd containing alloys reached a maximum at ∼1 wt-%Gd and decreased with both higher and lower Gd additions. Low cracking susceptibility at Gd concentrations below ∼1 wt-% was attributed to a relatively small amount of terminal liquid that existed over much of the crack susceptible solid+liquid zone. Low cracking susceptibility at Gd concentrations above ∼1 wt-% was attributed to a reduced solidification temperature range and backfilling of solidification cracks. The addition of B above the 230 ppm level leads to the formation of an additional eutectic type reaction at ∼1200°C and the secondary phase within the eutectic type constituent was tentatively identified as Mo 3 B 2 . The B containing alloys exhibited a three step solidification reaction sequence consisting of primary L→ y solidification, followed by the eutectic type L→ y+Ni 5 Gd reaction, followed by the terminal eutectic type L→ y+Mo 3 B 2 reaction. Boron additions had a strong, deleterious influence on solidification cracking susceptibility. The high cracking susceptibility was attributed to extension of the crack susceptible solid+liquid zone induced by the additional eutectic type L→ y+Mo 3 B 2 reaction and extensive wetting of the grain boundaries by the solute rich liquid. Simple heat flow equations were combined with solidification theory to develop a relation between the fraction liquid f L and distance x within the solid+liquid zone. Information on the phenomenology of crack formation in the Varestraint test were coupled with the calculated f L – x curves and were shown to provide useful insight into composition–solidification–weldability relations.
Current status of breast cancer in Hong Kong. (1997)

Our results showed that the majority of our patients presented with a painless mass and the final outcome was determined by the tumour load at the time of presentation (TNM staging and nodal status).
PROTEINS IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN THE NEWBORN (1958)

The fractions of protein in cerebrospinal fluid of 10 infants with hemolytic disease of the newborn, and 12 newborn infants with other illnesses, have been analyzed by paper electrophoresis. Relative concentrations have been found to be almost constant, despite wide individual variations in total concentration of protein—except in inflammatory disease with involvement of the central nervous system. Relative concentrations of gamma globulin are higher in serum than in cerebrospinal fluid, while concentrations of beta globulin are greater in cerebrospinal fluid. It is suggested that the total concentration of protein in cerebrospinal fluid in newborn infants may reflect the degree of functional maturity of the blood-brain barrier system.
Noise limitations in microwave generation from optical references (2011)

Combining a femtosecond laser optical frequency comb (OFC) with the high quality factor (Q) available in optical cavities allows for the realization of microwave signals with phase noise properties surpassing state-of the-art microwave oscillators. Optical Fabry-Perot (FP) resonators can have Q values exceeding 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> , greater than room temperature microwave dielectric resonator oscillators (DRO) at ~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> , and even exceeding that of cryogenic DROs at ~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sup> . When an optical frequency comb is phase locked to an optical reference, the comb can be thought of as a high fidelity frequency divider, transferring the stability of the optical reference to the microwave domain. With this division in frequency comes a division in phase noise, thus an optical reference with a fractional frequency stability of ~4-10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-16</sup> (and assuming flicker FM) can ideally generate a 10 GHz signal with phase noise of ~110 f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> dBc/Hz. At 1 Hz offset from the carrier, this represents a 40 dB improvement over the best room temperature 10 GHz microwave oscillators, and is below what has been demonstrated with cryogenic 10 GHz oscillators. Work with Er:fiber-based frequency combs has shown a residual phase noise in optical-to-microwave conversion ~118 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offset from a 11.55 GHz carrier. In recent works, the authors demonstrated absolute phase noise below -104 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offset from a 10 GHz carrier by comparing two independent systems that employ 1 GHz mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser combs. The results were presented in this paper and this to the authors knowledge represents the lowest close-to-carrier phase noise yet reported on a 10 GHz source.