gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GABAergic Synaptic Innervation of Catecholaminergic Neurons in the Area postrema of the Rat (1996)

Immunoelectron microscopy using the preembedding double immunostaining technique was applied to examine synaptic relationships between gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurons and catecholaminergic neurons in the area postrema of the rat. The catecholaminergic neuronal somata received only a few synapses from GABAergic axon terminals, whereas the catecholaminergic dendrites received many synapses from GABAergic axon terminals. Most of the synapses were symmetrical. GABAergic axon terminals could be found presynaptically to two catecholaminergic dendrites or both catecholaminergic and nonimmunoreactive dendrites. Conversely, a few catecholaminergic axon terminals were found presynaptically to GABAergic dendrites although such synapses were few. These findings suggest that in the area postrema, GABAergic neurons may modulate the functions of catecholaminergic neurons and may also be influenced by them.
Prevalence of serum antibodies against six Leptospira serovars in healthy dogs (2007)

Among healthy dogs from the lower peninsula of Michigan, > 20% have antibodies against leptospiral serovars historically considered uncommon but more recently incriminated as causing clinical canine leptospirosis. Wildlife and livestock may be of increasing importance as reservoirs for canine leptospirosis as urbanization continues to occur. Expanded vaccination strategies may partially mitigate these trends.
1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol: Metabolite of Vitamin D <sub>3</sub> Active on Bone in Anephric Rats (1972)

Nephrectomy prevents completely the bone calcium mobilization response to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. In contrast it does not prevent this response to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Because it is known that the kidney is the site of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol formation, these results provide evidence that 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or a further metabolite thereof and not 25-hydroxycholecalciferol is the metabolically active form of vitamin D(3) responsible for bone calcium mobilization.
液相色谱-同位素稀释质谱法准确测定血清中肌酸酐含量——国际比对CCQM-K12．1 (2006)

利用液相色谱-同位素稀释质谱法准确测定血清中的肌酸酐含量。该方法特异性高、重复性好，可实现肌酸酐与肌酸的完全分离。利用该方法参加国际物质量咨询委员会（CCQM）2005年组织的关键比对CCQM-K12．1，测定血清中肌酸酐含量的准确定值。实验结果与其他各国一致，验证并提高了我国血清中肌酸酐含量准确定值的化学计量能力，为建立相应权威性方法及其参考系统提供了技术支持。
Discriminative Learning for Label Sequences via Boosting (2002)

This paper investigates a boosting approach to discriminative learning of label sequences based on a sequence rank loss function. The proposed method combines many of the advantages of boost-ing schemes with the efficiency of dynamic programming methods and is attractive both, conceptually and computationally. In addi-tion, we also discuss alternative approaches based on the Hamming loss for label sequences. The sequence boosting algorithm offers an interesting alternative to methods based on HMMs and the more recently proposed Conditional Random Fields. Applications areas for the presented technique range from natural language processing and information extraction to computational biology. We include experiments on named entity recognition and part-of-speech tag-ging which demonstrate the validity and competitiveness of our approach. 1
Object-oriented models in user interface design (1997)

Objects have been used as the informal basis for the conceptual design of interactive systems for at least a decade. Given recent advances in the development of object-oriented modeling languages and methodologies, it is now timely to re-evaluate the role of object-modeling during the process of user interface design.
Application of tris(2-2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)-Nafion-ormosil-modified electrode in selective sensing of dopamine (2009)

We report herein a novel Ruthenium bipyridyl-Nafion-ormosil composite material cast onto an ITO electrode and used for electrochemiluminescent (ECL) detection of dopamine. The modified electrodes are made using the homogeneous solution of [Ru(bpy) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ] <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> , Nafion <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> 117 and 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The encapsulated [Ru(bpy) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ] <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> showed catalyzed ECL response as compared to that of plain [Ru(bpy) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ] <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> -Nafion matrix. The new composite material (Rusystem) was further modulated by the introduction of gold nanoparticles within composite matrix. Quantitative relation between catalytic efficiency of [Ru(bpy) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ] <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> and ECL yield has been recorded. The lowest detection limit of dopamine analysis was found to be < 0.1 ¿M.
Effect of atomic oxygen on polymers (1965)

Abstract A stream of atomic oxygen, produced by passing oxygen at low pressure through a radio‐frequency coil, was allowed to impinge on films prepared from several dozen different polymers. The flow of oxygen radicals was regulated so that the reaction temperatures were between 40 and 70°C. The rapid reactions which occurred at the polymer film–oxygen radical interface were essentially unaffected by the presence of phenolic antioxidants over a wide range of concentrations but rate of reaction was greatly affected by the structure of the polymer. Bulk properties of the polymers were unchanged because the attack by atomic oxygen is limited to the surface of the polymer. In many instances a simple ablation of the surface was observed, but in some cases, especially polyethylene and polypropylene, a highly oxidized surface layer was created. These oxidized surface layers had remarkably low contact angles with water and should be of great interest in improving adhesion and other surface‐dependent properties of polymers.
Defects in assembly explain reduced antiviral activity of the G249D polymorphism in human TRIM5α (2019)

TRIM5α is an interferon inducible restriction factor which contributes to intrinsic defense against HIV infection by targeting the HIV capsid protein CA. Although human TRIM5α (huTRIM5α) does not potently inhibit HIV-1 infection, the ability of huTRIM5α to exhibit some control of HIV-1 infection is evidenced by a single nucleotide polymorphism in huTRIM5α which substitutes aspartic acid to glycine at position 249 (G249D) in the L2 region and is associated with higher susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. To understand the mechanistic basis for the reduced antiviral activity, we employed biophysical and cell biological methods coupled with molecular dynamics simulations to compare WT and the G249D polymorphism of huTRIM5α. We investigated the differences in conformational dynamics of rhesus and huTRIM5α Coiled Coil-Linker 2 (CC-L2) dimers utilizing circular dichroism and single molecule-Fluorescence Energy Transfer (sm-FRET). These methods revealed that the G249D dimer exhibits secondary structure and conformational dynamics similar to WT huTRIM5α. Homology modelling revealed that G249 was present on the hairpin of the antiparallel dimer, in a position which may act to stabilize the adjacent BBox2 domain which mediates the inter-dimeric contacts required for the formation of TRIM5 assemblies. We therefore asked if the G249D mutant forms assemblies in cells with the same efficiency as WT protein by expressing these proteins as YFP fusions and quantifying the number of assemblies in cells. In cells expressing comparable amounts of protein, the G249D mutant formed fewer assemblies than WT protein, in agreement with our homology modeling predictions and molecular dynamics simulations of dimers and higher oligomers of TRIM5α, providing a mechanistic explanation of the reduced antiviral activity of the G249D polymorphism.
Hemodynamic Profile of SKP-450, a New Potassium-Channel Activator (1998)

Hemodynamic profiles of SKP-450, a newly synthesized potassium-channel activator, were evaluated in conscious hypertensive rats of several types, and in anesthetized and conscious beagle dogs. In freely moving conscious rats, orally administered SKP-450 (0.03-0.3 mg/kg) dose-dependently decreased arterial pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), renally hypertensive rats (RHRs), DOCA/salt-induced hypertensive rats (DHRs), and normotensive rats (NRs) with a greater potency than lemakalim except in DHRs (ED20 values: SKP-450, 0.021, 0.013, 0.024, and 0.034 mg/kg; lemakalim, 0.107, 0.018, 0.016, and 0.063 mg/kg, respectively). The blood pressure-reducing effects of SKP-450 reached their maximum within 30 min and lasted for approximately 4 h in all rats, and >6 h, particularly, in SHRs. In NRs, pretreatment with glibenclamide (20 mg/kg, i.v.) antagonized the hypotensive effect of SKP-450, whereas propranolol (2 mg/kg, i.v.) antagonized the tachycardiac response of SKP-450 (0.03 mg/kg, i.v.) without affecting its hypotensive response in NRs. In anesthetized beagle dogs, intraduodenally administered SKP-450 (0.003-0.03 mg/kg) dose-relatedly decreased arterial pressure (ED20 value, 0.007 mg/kg) for > or =3 h with its peak effects reached within 15 min and without significant changes in heart rate (HR). Antihypertensive effects of SKP-450 were accompanied by concurrent reduction in total peripheral resistance and dose-dependent increase in cardiac output. Indirect measures of myocardial oxygen demand such as rate-pressure product, tension-time index, and systolic time interval were dose-dependently decreased by SKP-450 without significant change in left ventricular dP/dt(max). SKP-450 significantly increased coronary blood flow and decreased coronary vascular resistance dose-dependently with a rapid onset of action and long duration of >4 h (maximal changes, 276 and 83.7% at 0.03 mg/kg, respectively). In conscious dogs, orally administered SKP-450 (0.03-0.3 mg/kg) produced a dose-related decrease in arterial pressure for > or =3 h, with its peak effects reached within 20 min (ED20 value, 0.030 mg/kg) accompanied by tachycardia. These results suggest that SKP-450 is a potent, orally active peripheral vasodilator activating ATP-sensitive potassium channels.
Next-generation probes, particles, and proteins for neural interfacing (2017)

Bidirectional interfacing with the nervous system enables neuroscience research, diagnosis, and therapy. This two-way communication allows us to monitor the state of the brain and its composite networks and cells as well as to influence them to treat disease or repair/restore sensory or motor function. To provide the most stable and effective interface, the tools of the trade must bridge the soft, ion-rich, and evolving nature of neural tissue with the largely rigid, static realm of microelectronics and medical instruments that allow for readout, analysis, and/or control. In this Review, we describe how the understanding of neural signaling and material-tissue interactions has fueled the expansion of the available tool set. New probe architectures and materials, nanoparticles, dyes, and designer genetically encoded proteins push the limits of recording and stimulation lifetime, localization, and specificity, blurring the boundary between living tissue and engineered tools. Understanding these approaches, their modality, and the role of cross-disciplinary development will support new neurotherapies and prostheses and provide neuroscientists and neurologists with unprecedented access to the brain.
[Colonic spirochetosis--treatable and worth consideration. Experiences from a pediatric practice]. (2006)

[Colonic spirochetosis--treatable and worth consideration. Experiences from a pediatric practice]
Protection of SNpc neurons by water soluble CoQ <sub>10</sub> in a paraquat induced rat model of Parkinson's disease: The role of neurotrophic factors (2010)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that results from the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Studies show that mitochondrial dysfunction/oxidative stress is a major contributor to this disease. Currently there is no treatment to halt the progression of PD. Recently we have shown that water‐soluble coenzyme Q 10 (WS‐CoQ 10 , NRC technology licensed to Zymes LLC) prevents the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc and ameliorates the symptoms of paraquat (PQ)‐inducted PD in the rat model. We have observed that there is activation of astroglia in the brains of WS‐CoQ 10 treated animals. Whether this activation plays a role in protecting SNpc neurons is unknown. It is possible that activated astroglia cells produce neurotrophic factors that may protect neurons under oxidative stress. We analyzed brain tissue samples from PQ treated PD rats fed with either placebo or WS‐CoQ 10 for DA neurons, activation of astroglia and levels of various neurotrophic growth factors. We observed significant protection of DA neurons in the SNpc, activated astroglia and increased levels of BDNF and GDNF in WS‐CoQ 10 fed rats. These results indicate that WS‐CoQ 10 treatment could activate astroglia that produce high levels of BDNF and GDNF and could provide protection to the DA neurons against PQ toxicity and may be used to halt PD progression. Funded by CIHR.
Discrepancies between flow cytometric and cytogenetic studies in the detection of aneuploidy in human solid tumors (1990)

Parallel flow cytometric (FCM) cell DNA studies and cytogenetic studies were performed on clinical samples from twenty human solid tumors of various types and on cell lines established in tissue culture from three of these tumors. Six of twenty clinical samples (30%) showed concordance between flow cytometry and cytogenetics with respect to the presence or absence of aneuploidy. Among the fourteen cases with discrepancies between the two methods, 8 (40% of all cases) showed hypodiploidy by cytogenetics and had diploid DNA histograms. Three cases (15%) had prominent discrete peaks in the triploid to tetraploid region by cytogenetics but had only barely discernible corresponding peaks in the DNA histogram. In two cases (10%) cytogenetic studies revealed diffuse aneuploidy. Cytogenetic studies demonstrated near-tetraploidy in three samples, but only one of these was detected by FCM; all three cases exhibited other numerical chromosomal abnormalities. In one case aneuploidy was demonstrated by FCM and not by cytogenetics. Among the tumor cell lines established in culture, the DNA Index was often higher than the cytogenetic index. Overall, 13/20 or 65% of patients with solid tumors in this study had numerical chromosomal abnormalities that were not detected by flow cytometry. Eleven of these patients had distant metastases at the time of tumor sampling, and nine of these died of their disease within 1-11 months of the time of study.
High-temperature (<i>T</i>= 80 °C) operation of a 2 μm InGaSb—AlGaAsSb quantum well laser (2012)

An InGaSb/AlGaAsSb compressively strained quantum well laser emitting at 2 μm has been fabricated. An output power of 82.2 mW was obtained in continuous wave (CW) mode at room temperature. The laser can operate at high temperature (T = 80 °C), with a maximum output power of 63.7 mW in CW mode.
Oxidative Coupling of Methane over a Sr-Promoted La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Catalyst Supported on a Low Surface Area Porous Catalyst Carrier (1997)

Oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) to higher hydrocarbons over Sr-promoted La2O3 supported on commercial low surface area porous catalyst carriers (containing mainly alumina and silica) at 800 and 850 °C and a space velocity of 102 000 cm3·g-1·h-1 has been thoroughly investigated. Effects of support, catalyst particle size, linear gas velocity (at the same space velocity), Sr/La ratio, CH4/O2 ratio in the feed, and catalyst dilution by inert solid particles on the conversion, yield, or selectivity and product ratios (C2H4/C2H6 and CO/CO2) in the OCM process have been studied. The catalysts have been characterized for their basicity, acidity, and oxygen chemisorption by the TPD of CO2, ammonia, and oxygen, respectively, from 50 to 950 °C and also characterized for their surface area. The supported catalysts showed better performance than the unsupported one. The best OCM results (obtained over Sr-La2O3/SA-5205 with a Sr/La ratio of 0.3 at a space velocity of 102 000 cm3·g-1·h-1) are 30.1% CH4 conversion with 65.6% selectivity for C2+ (or 19.7% C2+-yield) at 800 °C (CH4/O2 = 4.0) and 12.8% CH4 conversion with 85.1% selectivity for C2+ (or 10.9% C2+-yield) at 850 °C (CH4/O2 = 16.0). The basicity is strongly influenced by the Sr/La ratio; the supported catalysts showed the best performance for their Sr/La ratio of about 0.3. The methane/O2 ratio also showed a strong influence on the OCM process. However, the influence of linear gas velocity and particle size is found to be small; it results mainly from the temperature gradient in the catalyst. The catalyst dilution has little or no effect on the conversion and selectivity. However, it has beneficial effects for achieving a higher C2H4/C2H6 ratio and also for reducing the hazardous nature of the OCM process because of the coupling of the exothermic oxidative conversion reactions and the endothermic thermal cracking reactions and also due to the increased heat transfer area.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF MODIFYING ADMIXTURES TO SELECTIVITY OF 1,1,2‐TRICHLORETHANE DEHYDROCHLORINATION INTO VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE (1981)

Abstract Die Dehydrochlorierung von Trichlorethan (I) an modifizierten Silicagelen wird bei Temperaturen von 350 ‐ 400°C untersucht.
Universal correlation between energy gap and foldability for the random energy model and lattice proteins (1999)

The random energy model, originally used to analyze the physics of spin glasses, has been employed to explore what makes a protein a good folder versus a bad folder. In earlier work, the ratio of the folding temperature over the glass–transition temperature was related to a statistical measure of protein energy landscapes denoted as the foldability ℱ. It was posited and subsequently established by simulation that good folders had larger foldabilities, on average, than bad folders. An alternative hypothesis, equally verified by protein folding simulations, was that it is the energy gap Δ between the native state and the next highest energy that distinguishes good folders from bad folders. This duality of measures has led to some controversy and confusion with little done to reconcile the two. In this paper, we revisit the random energy model to derive the statistical distributions of the various energy gaps and foldability. The resulting joint distribution allows us to explicitly demonstrate the positive correlation between foldability and energy gap. In addition, we compare the results of this analytical theory with a variety of lattice models. Our simulations indicate that both the individual distributions and the joint distribution of foldability and energy gap agree qualitatively well with the random energy model. It is argued that the universal distribution of and the positive correlation between foldability and energy gap, both in lattice proteins and the random energy model, is simply a stochastic consequence of the “thermodynamic hypothesis.”
P3‐400: Neuronal differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow of human mastoid process <i>in vitro</i> (2010)

Neural tissue has historically been regarded as having poor regenerative capacity but recent advances in the growing fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have opened new hopes for the treatment of nerve injuries and neurodegenerative disorders. Reports of neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells suggest the possibility that these cells may serve as a source for stem cell-based regenerative medicine to treat neurological disorders. The purpose of this study was to generate neural cells by differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells that isolated from human mastoid process. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) isolated from human mastoid process bone marrow during mastoidectomy for chronic otitis media surgery were characterized using fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Induction of neural differentiation from hMSCs was performed using mitogenic factors (basic fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, forskolin, isobutylmethylxanthine), and the characterization of differentiated hMSCs was performed using immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and whole cell patch clamp technique. hMSCs from bone marrow of mastoid process were isolated and cultured. Differentiated cells from hMSCs expressed mRNA transcripts for neuron specific markers, TUJ1 and neurofilament proteins (NF-L, NF-M) as determined by RT-PCR, and neuron specific markers, suhc as NeuN, TUJ1, microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2) and glial fibrillary acidic protein by immunohistochemistry. These cells showed voltage-dependent sodium currents that was blocked by tetrodotoxin. hMSCs, which were isolated from human mastoid process bone marrow, were one of the good sources for stem cell-based regenerative medicine to treat neurological disorders.
Visual field self-evaluation by free-focus retinal-scanning laser display technology (2020)

We propose a self-evaluation of visual field using free-focus retinal scanning laser display technology based on Maxwellian-viewing optics. The developed device was the combination of commercially available smartphone with built-in laser pico-projector and newly developed additional optics to realize Maxwellian-view and eye-safety. Movie with flying and fixed gazing spot was displayed on the subject’s retina for evaluation. The non-recognition areas were found by the self-evaluation not only at the Marriott blind spot but at other area corresponding to the abnormal visual field in the Amsler chart test related to the inflated upstream blood vessel due to the retinal vein occlusion.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Reactions of 1,1′‐Binaphthyl Ester Enolates with Carbonyl Electrophiles. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.