gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Durapatite Ceramic as an Alloplastic Implant in Periodontal Osseous Defects: I. Initial Six‐Month Results (1981)

Eight patients received a new polycrystalline ceramic form of pure hydroxylapatite (Durapatite) as a bone implant material in various types of infrabony defects following internally beveled full thickness flaps, root planing, and defect debridement. All osseous margins and defects were measured from the CEJ using a standardized periodontal probe. Similarly debrided defects that were not implanted served as controls. Defect selection as either experimental or control site was based on either split-mouth or alternating defects design. Periodontal dressing and systemic tetracycline were used for 10 days. Results for documentation and plaque control were at 10, 20, and 30 days, and 3 and 6 months. Measurements relating to defect changes were made at the 6-months surgical re-entry. For evaluation purposes original defect depths were divided into three groups. In Group I (less than 3 mm) defect fill was 1.2 mm (60%) for the implanted defects and 0.6 mm (40.5%) for the control sites (significantly different at P less than 0.05). In Group II (3--6 mm) defect fill of 1.7 mm (48.5%) for implanted sites was significantly better than the 0.1 mm (11.1%) for the control sites. In the deepest group (Group III greater than or equal to 6 mm) Durapatite placement yielded 2.6 mm (39.9%) of defect fill while debridement alone resulted in 1.3 mm (14.8%) of fill. Hard tissue changes demonstrated a substantial advantage for use of Durapatite over controls, while soft tissue changes were similar for both. The clinical impression at re-entry and the numerical data indicate that pure hydroxylapatite ceramic has a definite potential as an alloplastic implant in the treatment of periodontal osseous defects.
Shuttling of G Protein Subunits between the Plasma Membrane and Intracellular Membranes (2007)

Heterotrimeric G proteins (alphabetagamma) mediate the majority of signaling pathways in mammalian cells. It is long held that G protein function is localized to the plasma membrane. Here we examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of G protein localization using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, fluorescence loss in photobleaching, and a photoswitchable fluorescent protein, Dronpa. Unexpectedly, G protein subunits shuttle rapidly (t1/2 < 1 min) between the plasma membrane and intracellular membranes. We show that consistent with such shuttling, G proteins constitutively reside in endomembranes. Furthermore, we show that shuttling is inhibited by 2-bromopalmitate. Thus, contrary to present thought, G proteins do not reside permanently on the plasma membrane but are constantly testing the cytoplasmic surfaces of the plasma membrane and endomembranes to maintain G protein pools in intracellular membranes to establish direct communication between receptors and endomembranes.
Extracting Code Segments and Their Descriptions from Research Articles (2017)

The availability of large corpora of online software-related documents today presents an opportunity to use machine learning to improve integrated development environments by first automatically collecting code examples along with associated descriptions. Digital libraries of computer science research and education conference and journal articles can be a rich source for code examples that are used to motivate or explain particular concepts or issues. Because they are used as examples in an article, these code examples are accompanied by descriptions of their functionality, properties, or other associated information expressed in natural language text. Identifying code segments in these documents is relatively straightforward, thus this paper tackles the problem of extracting the natural language text that is associated with each code segment in an article. We present and evaluate a set of heuristics that address the challenges of the text often not being colocated with the code segment as in developer communications such as online forums.
A retiming based relaxation heuristic for resource-constrained loop pipelining (2002)

This paper presents a fast and efficient heuristic for pipelining a loop under resource-constraints. The loop is represented as a dependence graph, G whose nodes are operations that are bound to available resources and edges denote the data dependencies between the operations. The data dependencies restrict the degree of parallelism that can be achieved while scheduling the graph. We propose a fast retiming based graph transformation technique which relates the data dependencies in the graph while maintaining functional equivalence. Relaxing data dependencies provides more flexibility for the scheduler to schedule operations, thereby leading to faster throughput. Our objective is to obtain a retimed graph which when scheduled achieves an optimal/near-optimal pipelined steady state throughput. A detailed algorithm is presented to solve the problem. We provide results that illustrate the effectiveness of our algorithm.
Setting the farm animal welfare scene in North America (2008)

The main areas of interest that this paper will address are to, set the scene on what animal wel-fare is, the schools that one can subscribe and how this could influence the direction that farm animal welfare could go. Second, to provide an overview on some of the critical farm animal welfare events that have occurred over the past 10 years in North America and finally to detail the legislative events; past and future that will affect farm animal welfare. Animal welfare is not a term that arose in science to express a scientific concept; rather it arose in western civilization through society to express ethical concern regarding the treatment of animals. There are three “schools of welfare”, the first school is feeling-based, the second is functioning-based and the third is nature-based. Over the past decade there has been an escalation of welfare related events in North America, ranging from agribusiness and marketing through to humane and animal rights groups. These events include under cover investigations that have been conducted on farm and in plants. There have been numerous campaigns against fast food chain restaurants and more recently humane and rights groups have purchased shares into these companies to voice their opinions and to have a vote. In addition there has been a push for assuring on farm animal welfare through a plethora of assessment, certification and third party auditing programs. More recently, successful legislative initiatives have altered the way producers are able to house farm animals in several states and in 2005 there was an update to the 28 hour rule. In conclusion, all individuals involved in keeping animals for food have a huge responsibility in making sure that their animals are housed, raised, transported and processed humanely. In addition agribusinesses will need to show increasing accountability back to their customers and consumers that farm animal welfare is of critical importance.
LTCC technology for planar microwave antenna systems (2018)

Die keramische Mehrlagentechnologie LTCC (Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic) hat sich überall dort bewährt, wo hohe Anforderungen an die Zuverlässigkeit, insbesondere auch an die mechanische und klimatische Belastbarkeit, gestellt werden. Das sind zum Beispiel Anwendungen im Automobil, in der Medizin, in der Sicherheitstechnik und in der Luft- und Raumfahrt. Die Verfügbarkeit von verlustarmen und hochfrequenzgeeigneten Materialsystemen und eine verbesserte Fertigungstechnologie erweitern den Anwendungsbereich für LTCC-Applikationen bis zu Millimeterwellenfrequenzen (bis 250 GHz). Die dreidimensionale Aufbau- und Verbindungstechnik der LTCC-Substrate umfasst neben passiven Komponenten (Kondensatoren, Widerstände und Spulen) auch planare Wellenleiter wie Mikrostreifenleiter, Koplanarleitungen und geschirmte Streifenleiter. Bei der in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten Anwendung in der Satellitenkommunikation im Ka-band (Uplink 27.5 GHz - 31 GHz) gelten enge Fertigungstoleranzen für die LTCC-Module, da die Genauigkeitsanforderungen für die Dimensionen von Leitungsbauelementen auf die Wellenlänge im Dielektrikum bezogen werden. Im Verlauf der SANTANA-Projekte wurde eine Reihe von Sende- und Empfangsmodulen mit zunehmender Integrationsdichte entwickelt. Dabei wurden die o. g. Integrationstechniken eingesetzt und die Eignung der LTCC-Technologie für hochkomplexe Satellitenterminals im Ka-band demonstriert. Die Systemfunktionalität (d.h. die Breitbanddatenübertragung und elektronische Strahlschwenkung) wurde durch eine erfolgreiche Kommunikationsverbindung zwischen einer Funkbake und einem mobilen Terminal bewiesen. Das SANTANA Antennenmodul ist ein zirkular polarisiertes Antennenarray mit 8 × 8 Elementen. Dieses Sub-Array ist der Grundbaustein für eine wesentlich größere Antennenapertur. Das Antennenmodul selbst besteht aus 17 LTCC-Ebenen und beinhaltet die Antennenelemente mit Branchline-Kopplern, das Kalibrier-Netzwerk, die aktiven Mikrowellenschaltungen, die Leistungsteiler für das LO-Signal, die Spannungsversorgung und die Mikrokanäle für die Flüssigkeitskühlung. Diese komplexen und hochintegrierten LTCC-Antennenmodule stellen die Substrattechnologie vor eine Reihe neuer Herausforderungen, die maßgeschneiderte Lösungen erfordern. Die vorliegende Arbeit führt aus, worin die spezifischen strukturellen und technologischen Anforderungen dieser keramischen Mehrlagenschaltungen bestehen und wie sie im Rahmen der SANTANA-Projekte erfolgreich gelöst und umgesetzt wurden.
Measurement, modeling and simulation of a high speed digital system using VNA and HSPICE (2002)

The generation of accurate simulation models for the interconnect and devices on a bus is becoming increasingly important in high-speed, high-performance digital systems. The simulation model should accurately predict the performance of the system over the entire operating frequency range. A method of modeling a high-speed bus is described in this paper. The measurement and modeling environments are discussed The methodology presented includes measurement of the interconnect and devices' frequency response using a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), creating an empirical model for the bus, then optimizing the model parameters to fit the simulated response of the model with the measurement response using HSPICE. The use of this methodology in creating component and system models is described. The measured and simulated responses indicate potential noise problems such as impedance discontinuities and resonances, at well as other noise sources in the system. Careful analysis of the responses helps reveal the causes. Hence these can be eliminated quite readily. A memory bus that has a peak bandwidth of 600 Mbits/sec/wire (Megabits per second per wire) is measured using the methodology presented in this paper, and a detailed model created. This model is then optimized using HSPICE. The results are discussed.
Limitations of the Magneto-Optic Kerr Technique in the Study of Microscopic Magnetic Domain Structures (1961)

After considering the various factors that limit the performance of the Kerr technique in the observation of magnetic domains, it is concluded that the ellipticity caused by metallic reflection is of major importance. A detailed calculation of this effect is carried out, including the case of normal incidence. It is theoretically found that, for microscopic observation of magnetic domains using the longitudinal Kerr effect, the contrast is practically independent of the angle of incidence, and that there is an upper limit to the resolution obtainable, which is a function of the minimum contrast needed for observation. This resolution is usually of the order of a few microns. A detailed description of a Kerr instrument designed for microscopic observations is included.
A Statistical Portrait of the Non‐Liberal Arts Curriculum (1999)

Abstract Community colleges vary considerably in terms of the proportion of the curriculum devoted to courses outside the arts and sciences, the relative weight within the non‐liberal arts curriculum that is given to subject areas, and the extent to which credits earned in this part of the curriculum transfer to baccalaureate‐granting institutions.
Low complexity Linear Programming decoding of nonbinary linear codes (2010)

Linear Programming (LP) decoding of Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes has attracted much attention in the research community in the past few years. The aim of LP decoding is to develop an algorithm which has error-correcting performance similar to that of the Sum-Product (SP) decoding algorithm, while at the same time it should be amenable to mathematical analysis. The LP decoding algorithm has been derived for both binary and nonbinary decoding frameworks. However, the most important problem with LP decoding for both binary and nonbinary linear codes is that the complexity of standard LP solvers such as the simplex algorithm remain prohibitively large for codes of moderate to large block length. To address this problem, Vontobel et al. proposed a low complexity LP decoding algorithm for binary linear codes which has complexity linear in the block length. In this paper, we extend the latter work and propose a low-complexity LP decoding algorithm for nonbinary linear codes. We use the LP formulation for the nonbinary codes as a basis and derive a pair of primal-dual LP formulations. The dual LP is then used to develop the low-complexity LP decoding algorithm for nonbinary linear codes. The complexity of the proposed algorithm is linear in the block length and is limited mainly by the maximum check node degree. As a proof of concept, we also present a simulation result for a [80, 48] LDPC code defined over ℤ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> using quaternary phase-shift keying over the AWGN channel, and we show that the error-correcting performance of the proposed LP decoding algorithm is similar to that of the standard LP decoding using the simplex solver.
Accuracy and precision of neonatal electronic incubator scales. (1995)

Measurement of weight in the neonatal intensive care unit demands accuracy and precision. To date, however, no studies exist that independently document the accuracy of infant incubator bed scales. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Airshields-Vickers Warm Weigh internally mounted incubator bed scale with foam and water mattresses using 500 gm and 1,500 gm standard weights to ascertain the precision of electronic bed scales and to evaluate the differences between nurse weighers. Two experienced neonatal nurses evaluated new incubator bed scales. Each nurse independently collected data and kept the results masked. Eight measurements were obtained from each incubator. Results indicated error beyond +/- 2 gm at 500 gm with the foam mattress and in both weight groups with the water mattress using the Technical Error Measurement (TEM) method. This indicates that the bed scales did not perform within the manufacturer's rated accuracy of +/- 2 gm at the smallest weights found in the clinical area. Weight errors were not judged to be clinically significant by a group of NNP experts.
Lipid-modifying and pleiotropic effects of gemfibrozil, simvastatin and pravastatin in patients with dyslipidemia. (2006)

The lipid-modifying treatment with statins and fibrates, in addition to the effect on lipid metabolism, exerts a pleiotropic effect on hemostasis, fibrinolysis and blood rheology parameters.
Antiovarian antibody in premature ovarian failure. (1999)

Premature ovarian failure is a syndrome consisting of primary or secondary amenorrhoea, hypergonodotropiremia and hypoestrogenemia in women under the age of 40. An autoimmune mechanism was suggested as possible etiology when Vallolton and Forbes in 1966-67 found antibodies to the cytoplasm of rabbit ova in 29 of 232 tested sera. Immune mechanism in the pathogenesis of premature ovarian failure (POF) is suggested by association of autoimmune phenomenon with POF in some cases and demonstration of circulating antibodies to ovary in serum samples from women with POF. The incidence of presence of antiovarian antibody of POF patients has been reported earlier. Evidence of autoimmunity is present in 18-92% of patients with POF. In the present study we have studied 18 cases of POF without any overt manifestation of autoimmune disorder but the antiovarian antibody was detected, with the idea that this autoantibody might be the cause of ovarian dysfunction which is evident in POF. Presence of antiovarian antibody in 16.67% cases with POF in our study that ovarian antibodies may play a role in or reflect an autoimmune process responsible for the development of POF.
Co‐occurring conditions associated with <i>FMR1</i> gene variations: Findings from a national parent survey (2008)

Parents enrolling in a national survey of families of children with fragile X (FX) reported whether each of their children had been diagnosed or treated for developmental delay or eight conditions frequently associated with FX: attention problems, hyperactivity, aggressiveness, self-injury, autism, seizures, anxiety, or depression. This article reports results for 976 full mutation males, 259 full mutation females, 57 premutation males, and 199 premutation females. Co-occurring conditions were frequently reported for all FMR1 gene variations. The number of co-occurring conditions experienced was strongly associated with parent reports of their child's ability to learn, adaptability, and quality of life. Most individuals with the full mutation experienced multiple co-occurring conditions, with a modal number of 4 for males and 2 for females. Most (>80%) full mutation males and females had been diagnosed or treated for attention problems. Premutation males, when compared with a matched group of non-FX males, were more likely to have been diagnosed or treated for developmental delay, attention problems, aggression, seizures, autism, and anxiety. Premutation females were more likely to have been diagnosed or treated for attention problems, anxiety, depression, and developmental delay. Clusters of conditions were identified, seeming to occur in an additive fashion. Self-injury, autism, and seizures rarely occurred in isolation, but were more likely in individuals who also had problems with attention, anxiety, and hyperactivity. The findings provide a reference point for future studies on the prevalence and nature of co-occurring conditions in FX; suggest the possibility that certain conditions cluster together; provide evidence that male and female carriers experience elevated rates of co-occurring conditions compared with matched groups of non-carrier children; and emphasize the importance of including an assessment of co-occurring conditions in any clinical evaluation of individuals with abnormal variation in the FMR1 gene.
Universal light-guiding geometry for high-nonlinear resonators having molecular-scale roughness (2019)

By providing an effective way to leverage nonlinear phenomena in chip-scale, high-Q optical resonators have induced the recent advances of on-chip photonics represented by micro-combs and ultra-narrow linewidth lasers. These achievements mainly relying on Si, SiO$_{2}$, and Si$_{3}$N$_{4}$ are expected to be further improved by introducing new materials having higher nonlinearity. However, establishing fabrication processes to shape a new material into the resonator geometries having extremely smooth surfaces on a chip has been a challenging task. Here we describe a universal method to implement high-Q resonators with any materials which can be deposited in high vacuum. This approach, by which light-guiding cores having surface roughness in molecular-scale is automatically defined along the prepatterned platform structures during the deposition, is verified with As$_{2}$S$_{3}$, a typical chalcogenide glass of high-nonlinearity. The Q-factor of the developed resonator is 14.4 million approaching the loss of chalcogenide fibers, which is measured in newly proposed tunable waveguide-to-resonator coupling scheme with high ideality. Lasing by stimulated Brillouin process is demonstrated with threshold power of 0.53 mW which is 100 times lower than the previous record based on chalcogenide glasses. This approach paves the way for bringing various materials of distinguished virtues to the on-chip domain while keeping the loss performance comparable to that of bulk form.
How new advances in genetic analysis are influencing the understanding and treatment of childhood acute leukemia (2010)

Purpose of review This review describes the recent advances in genomic profiling that have provided critical new insights into the biology of acute leukemia in children. Recent findings Acute leukemia genomes commonly harbor submicroscopic gains and deletions of DNA which target key cellular pathways that influence leukemogenesis and the likelihood of treatment failure, particularly in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Notably, genetic alterations targeting transcriptional regulators of lymphoid development are a hallmark of B-progenitor ALL, and alteration of specific genes in this pathway, such as IKZF1 (encoding IKAROS), are associated with high-risk ALL. Integrated genomic profiling has identified potential therapeutic targets in ALL, including aberrant cytokine receptor signaling mediated by rearrangements and mutation of CRLF2 and JAK2. Genome-wide association studies are also providing important insights into the role of inherited genetic variation and susceptibility to ALL. In contrast, genomic profiling of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has thus far yielded fewer insights, but ongoing resequencing of leukemia genomes is uncovering novel mutations in both ALL and AML. Summary Genomic profiling has identified important new genetic lesions that contribute to leukemogenesis. These findings will have important implications for the development of new diagnostic tests and treatment approaches in high-risk leukemia. Future studies will be increasingly reliant on comprehensive genomic sequencing to reveal the spectrum of genetic alterations in this disease, with the ultimate aim of improving the treatment outcome for leukemia patients.
The Fuzzy Sars'a'(&#x003BB;) Learning Approach Applied to a Strategic Route Learning Robot Behaviour (2006)

This paper presents a novel Fuzzy Sarsa(λ) Learning (FSλL) approach applied to a strategic route leaning task of a mobile robot. FSlambdaL is a hybrid architecture that combines reinforcement learning and fuzzy logic control. The Sarsa(λ) learning algorithm is used to tune the rule-base of a fuzzy Logic controller which has been tested in a route learning task. The robot explores its environment using its fixed experience provided by a discretized fuzzy logic controller, and then learns optimal policies to achieve goals in less time and less error.