gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual impairment in children in middle- and lower-income countries (2011)

Reducing visual impairment and blindness in children in resource-poor countries is one of the key components of the major global prevention of blindness initiative, VISION 2020 the Right to Sight. Although visual impairment and blindness among children is much less common than among adults, the potential lifespan of a child means that the lifelong impact of such impairment is very large. Over 10 years ago, it was estimated that, globally, 1.4 million children were blind. Much has changed in the past 10-20 years and there is a need to reassess both the magnitude and causes of global childhood blindness and visual impairment. While the widespread implementation of vitamin A supplementation and measles immunisation programmes have led to a reduction in vitamin A deficiency-related blindness in many poor countries, retinopathy of prematurity is now undergoing a third wave of endemicity, particularly in newly industrialising countries in Latin America and Asia. Childhood cataract is better recognised as an important potentially avoidable problem, as is paediatric glaucoma and refractive error in some populations. Trained paediatric ophthalmologists, although still too few, are growing in number in poor countries. A programmatic approach with a multidisciplinary team is essential to reducing childhood blindness. The elements of such programmes and the need for planning are discussed.
Down there on a Visit: A Historian in “The Field” (2019)

Reflections of a historian on doing fieldwork in Chinese villages.
Data storage schema upgrade via metadata evolution in SaaS (2012)

SaaS has become a typical cloud computing delivery model. In sparse table, one of the most popular multi-tenant data storage schemas for SaaS, all tenants' data are stored into sparse table and mapped to tenant's logical view by metadata. During the data storage schema upgrade in SaaS, all tenants' data need to be migrated into the new data schema before it becomes effective to ensure the integrity of the tenants' data. However, the migration is complex and brings overhead workload. Worse still, it may cause the system unusable. In this paper, we propose metadata evolution technology. We can realize the mapping from the old data schema to new data schema smoothly via metadata evolution during schema upgrade. So the schema upgrade can be completed without data migration.
On-Probe Digestion of Bacterial Proteins for MALDI-MS (2002)

On-probe digestion combined with MALDI mass spectrometry is studied as a rapid method for the analysis and identification of bacterial proteins. The use of trypsin adsorbed to the probe surface reduces the digestion time from hours to minutes. A high amount of trypsin must be applied to the probe for the successful digestion of bacterial proteins. Mass spectra of the digest contain a number of low-mass digest fragments. Several components of a B. subtilis bacterial digest can be identified through postsource decay and database searching.
Leakage reduction for the Siemens ModuLeaf (2009)

The Moduleaf, an add-on miniature multileaf collimator (MMLC) for the Siemens Oncor linear accelerator, provides high resolution field shaping with a maximum inter-leaf leakage dose of 1.50% at 6 MV. However, beyond the maximum treatment field size, the distribution of leakage and scatter along the y axis is different from that of the x axis, with maximum leakage values of 1.53% and 0.39%, respectively. Such differences can not be modeled in the Pinnacle treatment planning system. Also, within the 10 cm x 12 cm treatment region, leakage from the crack between closed leaf ends was 3.76%. To resolve these issues, gaps in the Moduleaf frame were filled with lead sheets, and the Siemens MLC was operated in MLC mode, rather than bank mode, so that a rectangle of 10.4 cm x 11 cm was formed with the MLC leaves closed behind the Y jaws, whose opening was 10.4 cm. This significantly reduced the difference between the leakage patterns in the x and y directions, with maximum leakage doses of 0.43% outside the treatment region and 1.67% near the crack between abutting Moduleaf leaves. The modification also reduced the mean square error between Pinnacle profiles and measured profiles in the tail region.
Importance of Preclinical Research in the Development of Neuroprotective Strategies for Ischemic Stroke (2014)

The improvements in preclinical stroke models and methods will make stroke research a good example for preclinical medicine, in general, and will hopefully instill greater confidence in the clinical community regarding which compounds are worthy of further investigation in a clinical setting.
ITU-T下一代网络重点工作组发布文件1介绍：目标环境、服务和能力 (2007)

本文首先介绍了下一代网络所支持的几个令人感兴趣的服务用例和能力，然后描述了ITU-T下一代网络重点工作组在下一代网络发布文件1中所认定的目标环境，相关服务和某些关键能力，最后给出了几个能反映其能力的服务案例。
Unintended Coil Migration into the Right Ventricle During the Right Ovarian Vein Coil Embolization (2011)

Coil migration to the Rt ventricle can be conservatively managed depending upon the location and coil profile.
Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Virol C (2003)

A highly stereoselective synthesis of (+)-Virol C (1) has been achieved starting from octan-1-ol (6) using two different strategies, elimination reactions of epoxyallyl chloride 12 and epoxy chloride 16 to hydroxyenyne 2 and trans-hydroxyalkenyl chloride 4 as key reactions in route a and route b, respectively.
From Stroke to Dementia: a Comprehensive Review Exposing Tight Interactions Between Stroke and Amyloid-β Formation (2019)

Stroke and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are cerebral pathologies with high socioeconomic impact that can occur together and mutually interact. Vascular factors predisposing to cerebrovascular disease have also been specifically associated with development of AD, and acute stroke is known to increase the risk to develop dementia.Despite the apparent association, it remains unknown how acute cerebrovascular disease and development of AD are precisely linked and act on each other. It has been suggested that this interaction is strongly related to vascular deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ), i.e., cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Furthermore, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), perivascular space, and the glymphatic system, the latter proposedly responsible for the drainage of solutes from the brain parenchyma, may represent key pathophysiological pathways linking stroke, Aβ deposition, and dementia.In this review, we propose a hypothetic connection between CAA, stroke, perivascular space integrity, and dementia. Based on relevant pre-clinical research and a few clinical case reports, we speculate that impaired perivascular space integrity, inflammation, hypoxia, and BBB breakdown after stroke can lead to accelerated deposition of Aβ within brain parenchyma and cerebral vessel walls or exacerbation of CAA. The deposition of Aβ in the parenchyma would then be the initiating event leading to synaptic dysfunction, inducing cognitive decline and dementia. Maintaining the clearance of Aβ after stroke could offer a new therapeutic approach to prevent post-stroke cognitive impairment and development into dementia.
Directional adhesion of superhydrophobic butterfly wings (2006)

We showed directional adhesion on the superhydrophobic wings of the butterfly . A droplet easily rolls off the surface of the wings along the radial outward (RO) direction of the central axis of the body, but is pinned tightly against the RO direction. Interestingly, these two distinct states can be tuned by controlling the posture of the wings (downward or upward) and the direction of airflow across the surface (along or against the RO direction), respectively. Research indicated that these special abilities resulted from the direction-dependent arrangement of nano-tips on ridging nano-stripes and micro-scales overlapped on the wings at the level, where two distinct contact modes of a droplet with orientation-tuneable microstructures occur and thus produce different adhesive forces. We believe that this finding will help the design of smart, fluid-controllable interfaces that may be applied in novel microfluidic devices and directional, easy-cleaning coatings.
Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Forging Process for Automotive Starter Motor Ring Gear (2010)

DEFORM-3D software is a powerful simulation tool that uses the Finite Element Method to analyze the three dimensional complex forging process, It provides a virtual testing environment in which engineers can study the influence of geometric parameters, process parameters and other factors on forging process performance. This paper aims at the forging process of automotive starter motor ring gear, and suitable technology parameters have been determined, which is combined with the numerical simulation by FEM method. The variation of metal flow, stress and strain were obtained. And an experiment was employed to prove that he simulation result and the experimental result tallies well. This research plays a guiding role on the optimal design of the forging processes and dies structure for similar parts.
Corea del Norte juega peligrosamente con fuego (2011)

Corea del Norte juega peligrosamente con fuego. Sus amenazas externas enmascaran la inestabilidad politica y economica interna, en pleno proceso sucesorio del regimen. Beijing mantiene una posicion ambivalente, pero no monolitica. Las veleidades nucleares de Pyong­yang alimentan el rearme militar en Asia Oriental y refuerzan la alianza entre Seul, Tokio y Washington. ?Permitira China el colapso del Norte?
Factor analysis of selective laser melting process parameters and geometrical characteristics of synthesized single tracks (2012)

Purpose Properties of the parts manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) depend strongly on the each single laser‐melted track and each single layer, as well as the strength of the connections between them. The purpose of this paper to establish links between the principal SLM parameters (laser power density, scanning speed, layer thickness), properties of the powder and geometrical characteristics of single tracks. This study will provide a theoretical and technical basis for production of parts from metal powders. Design/methodology/approach This paper discusses the SLM parameters affecting on geometrical characteristics of the synthesized single tracks. Granulomorphometric characteristics of powders were studied in detail. A Greco‐Latin square design was used to control geometrical characteristics of the tracks. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) permitted to establish a statistically significant influence of the SLM process parameters on geometry of the single laser‐melted track. Findings The behavior of individual tracks and their geometric characteristics depend on the process parameters, and physical‐chemical and granulomorphometrical properties of the powder. Each powder shows peculiar behavior in the process of single track formation. For stainless steel grade 904L powders with different particle size it was found that the most influencing parameter is the laser power (the following values were applied: 25, 37.5, 50 W), and then, in order of decreasing importance, are the powder layer thickness (60, 90, 120 μm), the scanning speed (0.05, 0.10, 0.15 m/s), and, finally, the particle size. Originality/value The proposed hierarchy of the process parameters is a new systematic study presented by the authors, developed for selective laser melting. Obtained data can be used in surface structuring and micro‐manufacturing characterized by a small number of layers within a part and, thus, sensible to the geometric dimensions and shape of the individual tracks.
Compliance and Antihypertensive Efficacy of Amlodipine Compared With Nifedipine Slow-Release (1998)

Poor compliance is a principal cause of treatment failure in hypertensive patients. Once-daily dosing improves compliance, but 24-h antihypertensive activity should be provided. The compliance, efficacy, and safety of amlodipine and nifedipine slow-release (SR) were compared in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension recruited among 24 centers in France. After a 2-week washout period, 103 patients were randomized to 12 weeks of 5 to 10 amlodipine mg once daily (n = 55) or 20 mg nifedipine SR twice daily (n = 48). Compliance was calculated by electronic drug monitoring. Efficacy was measured by ambulatory and casual BP recordings. Patients receiving amlodipine demonstrated better compliance than patients receiving nifedipine SR with respect to compliance index (the total number of doses taken divided by the total number of doses prescribed, expressed as a percentage; 98.3% v 87%; P < .0001), days on which the correct number of doses were taken (92.5% v 74.8%; P < .0001), and prescribed doses taken on schedule (88.7% v 71.6%; P < .0001). Absolute and relative therapeutic coverage were higher in patients receiving amlodipine than nifedipine SR (P < .0001). Mean SBP and DBP decreased equally in both groups, although amlodipine offered better BP control compared with nifedipine SR at specific times of day. Fewer patients had high nocturnal SBP with amlodipine (39.3%) than nifedipine SR (71.4%; P = .042). Adverse events and treatment withdrawals occurred less frequently in amlodipine-treated patients than in nifedipine SR-treated patients. Amlodipine (5 to 10 mg) once daily provides improved compliance, better 24-h BP control, and fewer adverse events than 20 mg nifedipine SR twice daily in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension.
Antioxidant Potential and Antibacterial Efficiency of Caffeic Acid-Functionalized ZnO Nanoparticles (2017)

We report a novel zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle with antioxidant properties, prepared by immobilizing the antioxidant 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid (caffeic acid, CA) on the surfaces of micro-dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma-treated ZnO nanoparticles. The microstructure and physical properties of ZnO@CA nanoparticles were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), infrared spectroscopy, and steady state spectroscopic methods. The antioxidant activity of ZnO@CA nanoparticles was evaluated using an ABTS (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation decolorization assay. ZnO@CA nanoparticles exhibited robust antioxidant activity. Moreover, ZnO@CA nanoparticles showed strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>) including resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> and against Gram-negative bacteria (<i>Escherichia coli</i>). Although Gram-negative bacteria appeared to be more resistant to ZnO@CA nanoparticles than Gram-positive bacteria, the antibacterial activity of ZnO@CA nanoparticles was dependent on particle concentration. The antioxidant and antibacterial activity of ZnO@CA may be useful for various biomedical and nanoindustrial applications.
In vitro and in vivo protein binding of 99Tcm-DTPA (1998)

Departments of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MOOD STATES IN PERIMENOPAUSAL WOMEN (2001)

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for perimenopausal women has been suggested to minimize the physical symptoms of menopause and improve mood and psychological functioning; however, the therapy remains controversial. In this study the effects of such therapy (comprising tablets, patches, and implants) on mood states was investigated within a sample of 70 perimenopausal women who were attending a family planning clinic within the Brisbane metropolitan area. On a battery of standardized questionnaires, including the General Health Questionnaire, the Profile of Mood States, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, those 35 women who were using hormone replacement therapy prescribed by the clinic physician reported significantly lower scores on anxiety, insomnia, and somatic symptoms than did a comparable group of 35 untreated perimenopausal women. These findings provide some tentative support for the beneficial effects of the therapy on physical symptoms and psychological mood states related to the onset of menopause. Given increased life expectancy, there is a growing need for research into issues of aging.
Development of a thermoelectric icemaker device built in a refrigerator (2006)

A refrigerator that incorporates, in the freezer room, a thermoelectric ice-maker has been developed. A computational model, which solves both thermoelectric and heat conduction equations, as well as phase change, has been implemented. This model provides values of electricity consumption, ice mass per day and refrigerator efficiency. Several experimental prototypes have been constructed in order to validate the computational model and to carry out the experimental optimization of the device. This application has commercial interest, so it has been patented. The patent is property of Bosch-Siemens
Automation of the moving objects movement prediction process independent of the application area (2010)

Whereas research on moving objects is involved in a variety of different application areas, models and methods for movement prediction are often tailored to the specific type of moving objects. However, in most cases, prediction models are taking only historical location in consideration, while characteristics specific to certain type of moving objects are ignored. In this paper, we presented a conceptual model for movement prediction independent on an application area and data model of moving objects considering various object?s characteristics. Related work is critically evaluated, addressing advantages, possible problems and places for improvement. Generic model is proposed, based on an idea to encompass missing pieces in related work and to make the model as general as possible. Prediction process is illustrated on three case studies: prediction of the future location of vehicles, people and wild animals, in order to show their differences and to show how the process can be applied to all of them.
Photoassisted Electrolysis of Water by Visible Irradiation of a <i>p</i> -Type Gallium Phosphide Electrode (1977)

Photoelectrolytic decomposition of water with visible irradiation is demonstrated in a cell made of p-type gallium phosphide as the cathode and platinum as the anode. A maximum energy conversion efficiency of 0.1 percent is achieved with an external bias of 1.3 volts. The stability of the electrode is demonstrated, and the results are discussed in terms of a composite energy diagram.
Magnetic field effects on mitotic cycle length in Physarum. (1982)

Large plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum were formed from mixtures of micro-plasmodia grown in shaker cultures exposed to 2.0 G (rms), 75 Hz magnetic fields and non-exposed, control cultures. The exposed cultures had been grown continuously in the field and displayed a longer mitotic cycle than the controls. Mixed cultures display synchronous mitosis and a cycle length intermediate to the cycle lengths of exposed and control cultures. The cycle length of mixed cultures varied with the proportions of the mixture in a non-linear manner. The results are discussed in terms of several models.
Aircraft Antiskid Analysis Verification and Refinement (1973)

Abstract : A program for verifying and refining a previously developed aircraft antiskid performance and system compatibility analysis procedure is described. Analysis verification was performed by comparing antiskid system operation as predicted by the analytical procedures with that recorded during laboratory testing. The laboratory tests were conducted at the Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory Landing Gear Test Facility at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio using a set-up consisting of F-111 aircraft main landing gear, tire, wheel, brake, hydraulic brake actuation system and several antiskid control circuit variations.
Biostator Glucose Controller: A Building Block of the Future (1984)

The Biostator Glucose Controller is a closed loop artificial pancreas system which delivers insulin or dextrose to an individual while providing continu ous monitoring of the blood glucose level. The Biostator requires only a small amount of venous blood which continuously flows through the machine to analyze blood glucose concentrations. The controller's feed back system provides a printed minute by minute account of blood glucose levels as well as noting the amount of insulin or dextrose required to normal ize the glucose concentration. By al lowing the patient to exercise, and by controlling meal times, an attempt is made to simulate the patient's normal daily routine while on the machine. Thus, the Biostator aids tremendously in planning an accurate and individ ualized medical regime for the person with Type I diabetes.
Weed Management in Enhanced Glyphosate-Resistant Cotton (2008)

Field experiments were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to evaluate glyphosate rates and timings on control of Palmer amaranth, devil’s-claw, ivyleaf morningglory, and silverleaf nightshade in enhanced glyphosate-resistant cotton. Treatments based on cotton growth stage (CS) were compared to as-needed (ASN) treatments based on weed population and size. Palmer amaranth, devil’s-claw, and silverleaf nightshade were controlled (> 90%) with postemergence (POST) treatments based on CS or ASN applications in both years. These weeds were controlled with glyphosate at 0.75 lb ae/A and no benefit was observed with an increased glyphosate rate. Ivyleaf morningglory control, in both years, improved with increased glyphosate rates to 1.5 lb ae/A. When the first application was delayed to 11-leaf cotton, three glyphosate applications at 1.5 lb ae/A were required to achieve control. Ivyleaf morningglory in 2003 was controlled with four glyphosate applications applied ASN beginning at two-leaf cotton and ending with the last treatment applied at 20-leaf cotton. In 2004 with increased rainfall and weed pressure, five applications of glyphosate at 1.5 lb ae/A were required for effective control (>90%).
Stability of β-Carotene in Oil-in-Water Emulsions Prepared by Mixed Layer and Bilayer of Whey Protein Isolate and Beet Pectin (2012)

The addition order of mixed layers of protein and polysaccharide on oil-water interface has been shown to influence physical stability of the emulsion, but little is known about how it impacts chemical stability. Therefore, this study investigated differences in the chemical stability of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions containing β-carotene droplets coated by whey protein isolate (WPI)-beet pectin through direct preformed mixture (mixed emulsion) and consecutive layer-after-layer (bilayer emulsion) at pH 4.0 and 7.0. The results clearly indicated that both forms of β-carotene emulsions exhibited nearly identical degradation profiles during storage at 55°C. The stability of β-carotene in O/W emulsions could be significantly improved by the addition of iron chelator desferroxamine for both mixed and bilayer emulsions at pH 4.0, but not at pH 7.0. The addition of α-tocopherol could also significantly inhibit the β-carotene degradation for both emulsions at pH 4.0 and 7.0. However, the difference of the improved β-carotene stability between the mixed and bilayer emulsions was not significant. These results implied that the protein-polysaccharide adsorption approach in the β-carotene droplet surface did not play a major role in the degradation rate of β-carotene in O/W emulsions, and it was possible to produce emulsions through mixed and bilayer methods with the similar chemical stability of active compounds for use in a variety of food products.