gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparative Gradient Elution Chromatography for the Optimized Separation of Ternary Mixtures (2005)

Gradient elution is widely applied in analytical chromatography to reduce the separation time and/or to improve the selectivity. Increasingly the potential of modulating the solvent strength during gradient operation is exploited in preparative liquid chromatography. The purpose of this paper is to investigate theoretically and experimentally the effect of optimizing free parameters available in gradient chromatography (extents and shapes of gradients) on the productivity of isolating a target component in a multicomponent mixture. An equilibrium stage model was used to quantify and compare different modes of operation (isocratic and various variants of gradient elution). In a first stage, optimal conditions were identified theoretically for the production of the second eluting component in a ternary mixture. The strong impact of the shape of gradients on process performance is elucidated. These predictions were validated experimentally using the separation of cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone and cycloheptanone on a RP-C18 stationary phase using mixtures of water and methanol with varying compositions as the mobile phase.
Analysis of ground bond wire arrays for RFICs (2002)

This paper outlines a method for rapid computation of the inductance of arrays of ground bond wires for RFICs, thus saving a designer considerable time over using inaccurate empirical equations or slowly converging electromagnetic simulators. Results comparable in accuracy to a fully detailed PEEC electromagnetic simulation are shown.
Observational Studies on Evaluating the Safety and Adverse Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2013)

Background. This study aims to share our experiences when carrying out observational studies of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Methods. We have proactively monitored the safety profiles of Duhuo Jisheng Tang (DJT), Suan Zao Ren Tang (SZRT), and TMN-1. A list of adverse events (AEs), complete blood counts, and liver and kidney function tests were obtained from the participants during their scheduled hospital visits. Retrospective observational studies were conducted based on the reimbursement database of the National Health Insurance system, Taiwan, to explore the relationship between the use of TCM that have been adulterated by aristolochic acid and the risk from both nephrotoxins and carcinogens. Results. A total of 221, 287, and 203 AEs were detected after SZRT, DJT, and TMN-1 had been taken, respectively. Dizziness, headache, stomach ache, and diarrhea were judged to be probably related to SZRT treatment. Retrospective observational studies found an association between the consumption of aristolochic acid-containing Chinese formulae such as Mu Tong and an increased risk of CKD, ESRD, and urinary tract cancer. Conclusion. Prospective and retrospective observational studies seem to have specific advantages when investigating the safety and adverse effects of TCM therapies, as well as possibly other alternative/complementary therapies.
EFEITO DA APLICAÇÃO DE DEJETO LÍQUIDO DE SUÍNOS E FERTILIZANTE MINERAL NO CULTIVO DA ALFACE (Lactuva sativa. L) (2010)

Objetivou-se a avaliacao do efeito da adubacao orgânica e quimica na producao da alface. O experimento foi instalado a campo no periodo de janeiro a marco 2010, na Fazenda Mato Dentro, localizada em Igaratinga, MG. Utilizou-se a cultivar de alface crespa “Veronica”. As mudas foram transplantadas no dia 01 de fevereiro de 2010 para dois canteiros de 1,0 x 0,5m feitos de madeira devidamente preenchidos com o solo coletado. As parcelas foram constituidas por duas linhas de seis plantas, espacadas de 12cm, totalizando em cada canteiro doze amostras. Foram utilizados dois tratamentos: um com adubo orgânico, utilizando o dejeto suino (TD) e o outro com o adubo quimico 4/14/8 (TA). O canteiro com TA foi preparado antes do transplanto das amostras com 150g do adubo 4/14/8. Para o TD, o material foi diluido, sendo usado para um litro d’agua 15g do adubo. A irrigacao foi feita manual e diariamente pela manha utilizando um recipiente graduado. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a dosagem de dejeto liquido aplicado nas amostras nao foram suficientes para atender as necessidades da planta, evidenciada por clorose das folhas e retardamento do seu crescimento. Mesmo assim, o numero de folhas comparado com o outro tratamento foram maiores, fator determinante para essa cultura, que e a parte de maior interesse pelos consumidores. Isso mostra que o adubo orgânico, se usado na dosagem correta, e eficiente, podendo atingir indices produtivos iguais ou superiores ao adubo quimico.
Tolvaptan and its potential in the treatment of hyponatremia (2008)

Tolvaptan is a selective arginine vasopressin (AVP) V(2) receptor blocker used to induce free water diuresis in the treatment of euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia. Currently the orally active medication is in the final stages prior to approval by the FDA for outpatient therapy. It appears to be safe and effective at promoting aquaresis and raising serum sodium levels in both short- and long-term studies. Tolvaptan is also effective for treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF) exacerbation, but whether there are long standing beneficial effects on CHF is still controversial. Prolonged use of tolvaptan leads to increased endogenous levels of AVP and perhaps over-stimulation of V(1A) receptors. Theoretically this activation could lead to increased afterload and cardiac myocyte fibrosis, causing progression of CHF. However, after 52 weeks of tolvaptan therapy there was no worsening of left ventricular dilatation. In addition, tolvaptan is metabolized by the CYP3A4 system; thus physicians should be aware of the potential for increased interactions with other medications. Tolvaptan is a breakthrough in the therapy of hyponatremia as it directly combats elevated AVP levels associated with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, congestive heart failure, and cirrhosis of the liver.
The optimal transform of motion-compensated frame difference images in a hybrid coder (1993)

Using the statistical model proposed by the authors (1992), various statistical characteristics of motion-compensated frame difference (MCFD) images are derived. It is shown that the optimum Karhunen-Loeve (KLT) or the MCFD images is in fact identical to that of the original image sequence in intraframe mode, and that the discrete cosine transform (DCT) remains near optimal. The study this provides insights into the working of the MPEG and H.261 coders, including the justification for using the same DCT for both intra and interframe modes. Experiments on standard image sequences confirm the accuracy of the statistical model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Novel Vehicle Detection Method Based on the Fusion of Radio Received Signal Strength and Geomagnetism (2018)

A geomagnetic signal blind zone exists between the front and rear axle of high-chassis vehicle such as trucks and buses, which leads to multiple-detection problem in detecting those vehicles running at low speed on roads or error-detection problem in the case of the stopping position of the vehicle is not standard when waiting for the traffic light to change. In order to improve the detection accuracy of any type of vehicle running at any speed, a novel two-sensors data fusion vehicle detection method through combining received signal strength from radio stations with geomagnetism around vehicles is designed and verified in the paper. Experimental results show that the accuracy of our proposed method can reach 95.4% and traditional single magnetism-based detection method was only 83.4% in the detection of high-chassis vehicles.
Application of Deep Learning for Infant Vomiting and Crying Detection (2018)

Obstruction of the nose and mouth by vomit or quilts is the main cause of sudden infant death. Different baby sleeping postures will increase the difficulty of face detection. Therefore, a deep learning neural network is adopted to detect baby faces and a novel algorithm is proposed to detect vomiting of infants in this paper. The SSD + mobilenet network in Teansorflow is adopted. Experimental results show reasonable detection results of the proposed method.
A referenceless all-digital fast frequency acquisition full-rate CDR circuit for USB 2.0 in 65nm CMOS technology (2011)

An all-digital fast frequency acquisition full-rate clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit for USB 2.0 applications without a reference clock is presented in this paper. The proposed digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) with an embedded time-to-digital converter (TDC) can recover the frequency of the synchronous data pattern in a very short time. In addition, the whole frequency acquisition can be finished within 31 cycles. A dual mode phase and frequency detector (PFD) is proposed to perform phase and frequency tracking with random data pattern to maintain the frequency and phase of the recovery clock. The proposed CDR circuit can operate at 480MHz for the USB 2.0 high-speed mode. The proposed CDR circuit can tolerance input data jitter up to 150ps with the bit error rate less than 10- <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> . The proposed CDR circuit is implemented in a standard process 65nm CMOS process, the core area is 150nm × 150nm, and the power consumption is 1.75mW (@480MHz).
Yield-enhancement techniques for 3D random access memories (2010)

Three-dimensional (3D) integration technology using through silicon via (TSV) is an emerging technology for integrated circuit designs. Random access memory (RAM) is one good candidate for using the 3D integration technology. Introducing redundancies into a large-capacity RAM in design phase is essential for yield improvement. In this paper, we present yield-enhancement techniques for 3D RAMs. In addition to typical redundancy schemes are used to improve the yield of 3D RAMs, an inter-die redundancy scheme is proposed. Also, a stacking flow is proposed to further improve the final yield of 3D RAMs with the proposed inter-die redundancy scheme.
Another Look at SCS-CN Method (1999)

The Soil Conservation Service-curve number (SCS-CN) method is analytically derived and its basis in the Mockus method analyzed. A modification and a general form of the SCS-CN method are proposed. Using data from five watersheds, the existing SCS-CN method, the proposed modification, and the Mockus method are compared. For these data the modified version is found to be more accurate than the current version.
The carboxylesterase family exhibits C‐terminal sequence diversity reflecting the presence or absence of endoplasmic‐reticulum‐retention sequences (1992)

Resident proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum lumen are continuously retrieved from an early Golgi compartment by a receptor-mediated mechanism. The sorting or retention sequence on the endoplasmic reticulum proteins is located at the C-terminus and was initially shown to be the tetrapeptide KDEL in mammalian cells and HDEL in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The carboxylesterases are a large family of enzymes primarily localized to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Retention sequences in these proteins have been difficult to identify due to atypical and heterogeneous C-terminal sequences. Utilizing the polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers, we have identified and characterized the C-termini of four members of the carboxylesterase family from rat liver. Three of the carboxylesterases sequences contained C-terminal sequences (HVEL, HNEL or HTEL) resembling the yeast sorting signal which were reported to be non-functional in mammalian cells. A fourth carboxylesterase contained a distinct C-terminal sequence, TEHT. A full-length esterase cDNA clone, terminating in the sequence HVEL, was isolated and was used to assess the retention capabilities of the various esterase C-terminal sequences. This esterase was retained in COS-1 cells, but was secreted when its C-terminal tetrapeptide, HVEL, was deleted. Addition of C-terminal sequences containing HNEL and HTEL resulted in efficient retention. However, the C-terminal sequence containing TEHT was not a functional retention signal. Both HDEL, the authentic yeast retention signal, and KDEL were efficient retention sequences for the esterase. These studies show that some members of the rat liver carboxylesterase family contain novel C-terminal retention sequences that resemble the yeast signal. At least one member of the family does not contain a C-terminal retention signal and probably represents a secretory form.
Arterial oxygen desaturation following intravenous injection of midazolam. (1989)

The water soluble benzodiazepine derivative, midazolam, is used almost exclusively at our institution to produce sedation for numerous surgical procedures. Mild arterial oxygen desaturation has been reported in patients who have received as little as .04 mg/kg. A time series design study was undertaken to determine if there was any correlation between the decline in arterial oxygen percent saturation (SaO2) and the time at which sedation occurred and to establish the presence of any statistical significance in this decline. Thirty-one ASA I and II patients consisting of 8 females and 23 males requiring various minor orthopedic and general surgical procedures were studied. The total mean age of the population was 32.29 +/- 12.43 years (mean +/- SD). Fourteen patients had a smoking history, while 15 patients did not (2 patients were eliminated from the study for failure to demonstrate sedation, as characterized by either Verrill's sign or thickened speech following intravenous administration of midazolam). All patients arrived in the operating room unpremedicated and were administered .04 mg/kg midazolam intravenously. Arterial oxygen saturation was measured over a 10-minute period using pulse oximetry. Results were analyzed using regression analysis, a t-test for independent groups, and a one-way analysis of variance. There was no statistically significant difference in the decline in SaO2 between smokers and nonsmokers. Our study has shown that the mean onset of sedation using a dose of .04 mg/kg occurred between 3 and 4 minutes, with the peak fall in SaO2 occurring at the 3-minute interval irrespective of smoking history. The greatest mean drop in SaO2 was 95.84%. Midazolam, like its parent drug, diazepam, alters ventilatory mechanics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
LIMITS-a system for UNIX resource administration (1989)

The UNIX operating system, despite its emergence as a standard for supercomputer systems, lacks effective support for multiuser resource administration. The design and implementation of a decentralised resource administration system uniformly realisable across the wide variety of UNIX dialects presents a number of problems. Among these problems are potential violations of the UNIX design philosophy, preservation of the user process environment and adherence to industry standards.
Optimally selecting the parameters of adaptive backoff algorithms for computer networks and multiprocessors (1989)

This dissertation examines the solutions, based on software, adaptive backoff algorithms, to two computer network problems and a shared-memory multiprocessor problem. For each problem we define a cost metric against which we adjust the adaptive backoff algorithm. This dissertation's unifying theme is that, when possible, backoff algorithms should tune themselves to their environment. The algorithms that we propose are software remedies to hardware shortcomings; they do not require changes to the hardware, however warranted these changes might be, but they may require that we periodically measure certain expected values or probability distributions. <p>We devote the majority of this dissertation to studying buffer overflow as it occurs during reliable, local area network, multicast. We develop a multiple round, soft real-time algorithm that trades latency for computational overhead: an n-round multicast is slower but suffers less computational overhead than an (n+1)-round multicast. Our prototype system measures the buffer service time distribution and employs it to calculate the algorithm's retransmission timeouts. We develop a preemptive, limited buffer queueing model that accurately models an operating system's communication protocol processes. <p>We study a memory contention problem that occurs during synchronization of bus-oriented, shared-memory multiprocessors with snoopy, invalidation-based caches. The connection occurs when such multiprocessors cache lock variables, lack advanced synchronization instructions, and synchronize with a test-and-set instruction embedded in a busy waiting loop. This type of synchronization structure has been dubbed a spin-lock. When a spin-lock is released, the cache invalidation signal can cause a burst of memory activity that we call an invalidation storm. Remedies for invalidation storms can waste memory cycles. Our spin-lock backoff algorithm wastes twenty to fifty percent fewer cycles than a recently proposed algorithm. <p>We consider how to calculate remote procedure call retransmission timeouts on lossy networks and on tariff-bearing networks with selectable grades of service. We develop an expression to calculate the optimal retransmission timeout and network service grade that minimizes a cost function composed of computational overhead, round trip service time, and network tariffs
A Note on the Fate of Betaine Hydrochloride in Media Used for the Production of 2,3-Butanediol by Strains of <i>Bacillus polymyxa</i> (1950)

not available
Overerase phenomena: an insight into flash memory reliability (2003)

The most important reliability issues related to the erasing operation in flash memories are, still today, caused by single bit failures. In particular, the overerase of tail and fast bits affects the threshold voltage distribution width, causing bit-line leakage that produces read/verify circuitry malfunctions, affects the programming efficiency due to voltage drop, and causes charge-pump circuitry failure. This brief overview explores the most important characteristics of these anomalous bits, their relation with the erratic erase phenomena and their impact on flash memory reliability. Identification techniques, experimental results, and physical models are also discussed.
Determination of rates of protein synthesis, gain and degradation in intact hind-limb muscle of lambs (1986)

A model of leucine metabolism in the hind-limb muscles of the milk-fed lamb was developed which permitted simultaneous estimation of the rates of protein synthesis (Ks, days-1), degradation (Kd) and therefore gain (Kg) of muscle in vivo. The conclusions drawn from the model were: the rate of protein synthesis in muscle was related to uptake of leucine; the rate of degradation of protein was related to leucine output, as leucine, or its corresponding oxo acid, 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid, or CO2. These findings support findings drawn from a wide range of studies in vitro. There was no correlation between rate of protein synthesis and rate of protein degradation, which suggests that the method can allow independent estimates of each. Estimates of protein synthesis obtained from the model (of leucine metabolism in muscle) were compared with those obtained simultaneously by constant infusion of radioisotope and analysis of incorporation into tissue. There were no significant differences between the mean values obtained for synthesis (Ks), gain (Kg) and degradation (Kd) by either method (Ks 0.051 +/- 0.002, 0.046 +/- 0.007; Kg 0.016 +/- 0.002, 0.004 +/- 0.008; Kd 0.035 +/- 0.004, 0.041 +/- 0.008 day-1, respectively, for tissue analysis and the model). However, Ks obtained from the model was significantly and positively correlated with uptake of leucine from plasma, whereas Ks obtained from tissue analysis was not.
Isolation, purification and physicochemical characterization of water‐soluble <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> melanin (2005)

Melanins are widely used in medicine, pharmacology, cosmetics and other fields. Although several technologies for the purification of water-insoluble dioxyphenylalanine (DOPA) melanins have been described, a source of water-soluble melanin is highly desirable. Here we describe an effective procedure for the isolation and purification of water-soluble melanin using the culture medium of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae strain K1. Water-soluble melanin from this organism has an isoelectric point (pI=3.0-3.2) and was purified optimally by adsorbtion using the IA-1r resin and elution as a concentrated solution. The purified melanin obtained exhibited a similar infra-red absorbtion spectrum to synthetic melanin and contained quinolic and phenolic structures and an amino acid content of around 20% after acid hydrolysis. The molecular weight of the purified melanin determined by SDS-PAGE was 4 kDa and the electromagnetic spin resonance spectrum of the purified microbial melanin was a slightly asymmetric singlet without hyperfine structure with about 7 Gauss width of the line between points of the maximum incline and g=2.006. The concentration of paramagnetic centers in melanin is 0.21x10(18) spin/g. The results obtained provide a rapid, simple and inexpensive method for the large scale purification of water soluble melanin that may have widespread applications.
An analytical model for buffer hit rate prediction (2001)

Of the many tuning parameters available in a database management system (DBMS), one of the most crucial to performance is the buffer pool size. Choosing an appropriate size, however, can be a difficult task. In this paper we present an analytical modeling approach to predicting the buffer pool hit rate that can be used to simplify the process of buffer pool sizing. Since the buffer replacement algorithm determines the buffer hit rate, we model the replacement algorithm which, in the case of DB2/UDB, is a variation of the GCLOCK algorithm. A Markov Chain model of GCLOCK is used to estimate the hit rate for a buffer pool. We evaluate the accuracy of the model&apos;s estimates with experiments carried out on DB2/UDB with the TPC-C benchmark. The model is validated for both single and multiple buffer pool cases.
Study of phycocyanin production from Spirulina platensis under different light spectra (2011)

The aim of this work was to investigate the production of phycocyanin by Spirulina platensis under different spectra of light. The dependent variables evaluated were the amount of phycocyanin obtained and its purity, demonstrating that there might be a restructuring of phycobilisomes, especially when the culture was subjected to red light, which increased the purity level up to 33% with a reduction of 16% in phycocyanin content, but with higher photosynthetic efficiency compared to natural light.