gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physiology of Hard Tissues in Comparison with the Solubility of Synthetic Calcium Phosphates (1988)

On the basis of the composition of the mineral in bone and the saturation level of blood plasma, with respect to slightly soluble calcium phosphates, it is shown that normal tissue fluids are not supersaturated with whole bone but with the minerals of dead bone. The phase controlling solubility in living bone is octocalcium phosphate, and the presence of this phase could regulate the calcium phosphate concentrations of the body fluids by a simple physicochemical equilibrium. It is explained how parathyroid hormone and calcitonine can act on osteocytes in such a way that shifts occur in this physicochemical equilibrium. It is also explained how the mineral of bone is affected by the activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts during bone turnover. From this knowledge about the physiology of bone mineral, it is possible to predict the behavior of calcium phosphate bioceramics implanted in the body once their true solubility limits are known. Solubility studies have been carried out on hydroxyapatite, oxyhydroxyapatite, octocalcium phosphate, brushite, beta-tertiary calcium phosphate, and magnesium whitlockite. These studies indicate that the resorbabilities for implants of these materials are in the following order: magnesium whitlockite less than hydroxyapatite less than oxyhydroxyapatite less than beta-tertiary calcium phosphate. This order is consistent with data from implant studies now available in the literature.
Design and Implementation of an Embedded System for Ambulatory Cardiac Monitoring (2012)

Cardiac monitoring in the environment of the subject is one of the major fields of telemedicine. In this paper we present a prototype of embedded system for acquisition, storage, display on LCD or PC and transfer via GSM alarm warning in case of arrhythmias, which allows a great opportunity for rapid intervention of the physician. In terms of hardware, we have designed and implemented our system with a modular approach to facilitate development and debugging. Thus the system comprises three modules: analog module, digital module microcontroller-based for certain pretreatment, and a GSM communication module. Of course, there is appropriate software behind the material described. The system has the following features: low cost, ease to implement and versatility.
An Automated Term Definition Extraction using the Web Corpus in Chinese Language (2007)

This paper proposes a system, named DefExplorer, which extracts term definitions from the Web, determines the type of question terms, and selects answers from noisy Web pages automatically. DefExplorer filters out invalid data with a semantic approach. We deployed two types of candidate sets, common and domain specific, to group similar candidates and determine candidates' importance for selecting final answers. Experimental results show that DefExplorer can effectively extract term definitions from the Web, especially for the definitions of out-of-vocabulary terms.
Nutritional Biochemistry and Metabolism: With Clinical Applications (1985)

Nutritional biochemistry and metabolism: with clinical applications , Nutritional biochemistry and metabolism: with clinical applications , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Diagnosing rhinitis: allergic vs. nonallergic. (2006)

Allergic rhinitis, the most common type of rhinitis, generally can be differentiated from the numerous types of nonallergic rhinitis through a thorough history and physical examination. Allergic rhinitis may be seasonal, perennial, or occupational. The most common cause of nonallergic rhinitis is acute viral infection. Other types of nonallergic rhinitis include vasomotor, hormonal, drug-induced, structural, and occupational (irritant) rhinitis, as well as rhinitis medicamentosa and nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome. Since 1998, three large expert panels have made recommendations for the diagnosis of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. Allergy testing (e.g., percutaneous skin testing, radioallergosorbent testing) is not necessary in all patients but may be useful in ambiguous or complicated cases.
Isolation of α-crystallin subunits by gel filtration (1987)

In the presence of 0.1 M glycine, pH 2.5, alpha-crystallin dissociates into aggregates containing only alpha A chains plus monomeric alpha B chains. Advantage has been taken of this to develop a method for the purification of the alpha A and alpha B chains by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. This method gives high yields of purified subunits and avoids the risk of carbamylation associated with other methods which use high concentrations of urea.
Finite element formulation for anisotropic coupled piezoelectro‐hygro‐thermo‐viscoelasto‐dynamic problems (1999)

A finite element algorithm has been developed for the efficient analysis of smart composite structures with piezoelectric polymer sensors or/and actuators based on piezoelectro-hygro-thermo-viscoelasticity. Variational principles for anisotropic coupled piezoelectro-hygro-thermo-viscoelasto-dynamic problems have also been proposed in this study. As illustrative studies, dynamic responses in laminated composite beams and plates with PVDF sensors and actuators are obtained as functions of time using the present finite element procedures. The voltage feedback control scheme is utilized. The proposed numerical method can be used for analysing problems in the design of smart structures as well as smart sensors and actuators. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Honorable William J. Jameson (1991)

The Honorable William J. Jameson
Cyclotron resonance thruster design techniques. (1966)

Electron cyclotron resonance plasma accelerator design for thrustor application and measuring techniques
Thunderstorms study in India (1961)

The symposium on thunderstorms held at the Meteorological Office, New Delhi, on 9-11 March 1960 helped to focus the attention of meteorologists in India on the subject and to take stock of the present knowledge and plan future studies. The papers presented at the symposium and published in this issue of the Indian Journal of Meteorology and Geo-physics deal with the formation and structure, radar studies and climatological statistics, of thunderstorms. In India, interest in the thunderstorm has been evinced for a long time.
A novel control of a small wind turbine driven generator based on neural networks (2004)

This work presents a novel control strategy of turbine directly driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) for a small wind generation system. Compared to the traditional techniques, this new method has following advantages: 1) the proposed neural networks provides a fast and accurate estimation of actual wind velocity without anemometer; 2) the maximum mechanical power of small wind turbine can be well tracked at both dynamic and steady states. The neural networks are trained offline by Matlab software and the control algorithms then will be implemented by DSP controller. Therefore, the new small wind generation system is capable of delivering maximum electric power to customer applications with low cost, high efficiency and high reliability.
Towards regenerating the mammalian heart: challenges in evaluating experimentally induced adult mammalian cardiomyocyte proliferation (2016)

In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in research aimed at regenerating the mammalian heart by promoting endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation. Despite many encouraging successes, it remains unclear if we are any closer to achieving levels of mammalian cardiomyocyte proliferation for regeneration as seen during zebrafish regeneration. Furthermore, current cardiac regenerative approaches do not clarify whether the induced cardiomyocyte proliferation is an epiphenomena or responsible for the observed improvement in cardiac function. Moreover, due to the lack of standardized protocols to determine cardiomyocyte proliferation in vivo, it remains unclear if one mammalian regenerative factor is more effective than another. Here, we discuss current methods to identify and evaluate factors for the induction of cardiomyocyte proliferation and challenges therein. Addressing challenges in evaluating adult cardiomyocyte proliferation will assist in determining 1) which regenerative factors should be pursued in large animal studies; 2) if a particular level of cell cycle regulation presents a better therapeutic target than another (e.g., mitogenic receptors vs. cyclins); and 3) which combinatorial approaches offer the greatest likelihood of success. As more and more regenerative studies come to pass, progress will require a system that not only can evaluate efficacy in an objective manner but can also consolidate observations in a meaningful way.
Modeling and simulation of price elasticity of demand using an agent-based model (2010)

Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is an enabling technology that would allow consumers to exhibit price elasticity of demand under smart-grid environments. The market power of the generation and transmission companies can be mitigated when consumers respond to price signals. Such response by consumers can also result in reductions in price spikes, consumer energy bills, and emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. In this paper, we use the Electricity Market Complex Adaptive System (EMCAS), an agent-based model that simulates restructured electricity markets, to explore the impact of consumers' price elasticity of demand. An 11-node test network with eight generation companies and five aggregated consumers is simulated for a period of one month.
Le primat des dépenses (1994)

En abordant les finances royales, on s’interroge : convient-il de commencer l’étude par les dépenses ou par les recettes ? Ouvrir sur les recettes, en reprenant l’ordre d’exposition des États généraux des finances du temps, conduit à mettre en évidence les limites vite atteintes des disponibilités financières et à aller contre la célèbre formule de François Ier, rapportée par un ambassadeur vénitien, selon laquelle le roi peut prélever sur ses sujets ce qui lui plaît. Priorité aux difficultés...
Ten years of epidemiologic investigations on man-made mineral fibers and health. (1986)

This paper introduces the reports that follow it in a supplement dealing with the extended follow-up of mortality and cancer incidence among workers in the man-made mineral fiber (MMMF) production industry in Europe, the largest international study of its kind thus far initiated. In addition it reviews the prior epidemiologic evidence on this subject, both in terms of the earlier results of the same study and the results of other studies on the long-term effects of occupational exposure to MMMF. The conclusion drawn from this prior evidence was that the possibility that some excess of lung cancer may be causally related to exposure to MMMF could not be ruled out of the range of reasonable interpretations. When the findings of the extended follow-up, which this paper introduces, are added to the existing evidence, the overall results were considered to endorse the indication that no adverse long-term health effects have been detectable in terms of mortality throughout almost all segments of the MMMF production industry and to support the inference that MMMF--as present in the environmental conditions of early slag-wool/rock-wool production--may have played a role in the causation of lung cancer.
364. The structure of certain polyazaindenes. Part VI. The structure of some products obtained from 3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles with acetylacetone and ethyl acetoacetate (1960)

L. A. Williams, J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 1829 DOI: 10.1039/JR9600001829
Real-Time Rendering of a Displacement Map using an Image Pyramid (2007)

displacement mapping enables us to add realistic details to polygonal meshes without changing geometry. We present a real-time artifacts-free inverse displacement mapping method. In each pixel, we construct a ray and trace the ray through the displacement map to find an intersection. To skip empty regions safely, we traverse the image pyramid of displacement map in top-down order. Furthermore, when the displacement map is enlarged, intersection with bilinear interpolated displacement map can be found. When the displacement map is at distance, our method supports mipmap-like prefiltering to enhance image quality and speed. Experimental results show that our method can produce correct images even at grazing view angles. Rendering speed of a test scene is over hundreds of frames per second and the influence of resolution of displacement map to rendering speed is little. Our method is simple enough to be added to existing virtual reality systems easily.
Improving Performance and Capacity of Flash Storage Devices by Exploiting Heterogeneity of MLC Flash Memory (2013)

The multi-level cell (MLC) NAND flash memory technology enables multiple bits of information to be stored in a memory cell, thus making it possible to increase the density of flash memory without increasing the die size. In MLC NAND flash memory, each memory cell can be programmed as a single-level cell or a multi-level cell at runtime because of its performance/capacity asymmetric programming property, which is called flexible programming in this paper. Therefore, MLC flash memory has a potential to achieve the high performance of SLC flash memory while preserving its maximum capacity. In this paper, we present a flexible flash file system, called FlexFS, which takes advantage of flexible programming. FlexFS divides a flash memory medium into SLC and MLC regions, and then dynamically changes two different types of regions to provide an optimal storage solution to end-users in terms of performance and capacity. FlexFS also provides a reasonable storage lifetime by managing the wearing rate of NAND flash memory, which is accelerated by the use of flexible programming. Our implementation of FlexFS in the Linux 2.6 kernel shows that it achieves the I/O performance comparable to SLC flash memory while guaranteeing the capacity of MLC flash memory in various real-world workloads.
Synthesis of high-purity α-Al2O3 from boehmite obtained by hydrothermal oxidation of aluminum (2016)

We demonstrate the possibility of obtaining high-purity aluminum oxide by successive processes of hydrothermal oxidation of aluminum and vacuum heat treatment of the solid oxidation product (boehmite). The results of studies of changes in the structural properties and chemical purity of alumina samples obtained in the different modes of vacuum heat treatment of boehmite are presented. Experiments have shown the ability to produce alumina with a purity of 99.997% (the total content of all impurities is approximately 30 ppm) of aluminum with a purity of 99.8%. It was shown that the chemical purity of the final product depends on not only the temperature and time of heat treatment but also a number of other parameters of the process.
Preoperative and Postoperative Care in Neurological Surgery. (1973)

The preparation of a monograph-sized volume on a subject as monumental as this must invariably result in a compromise in the completeness of coverage and detail. This is well-recognized by the author. In fact, he restricted the written text to 80 pages, stressed broad principles, concentrated on areas of major significance, and, as a result, has produced a highly readable, thoroughly delightful volume. The book is basically organized into the following three sections: preoperative management and preparation of patients, their postoperative management and complications, and management of fluid and electrolyte levels. A very clear distinction is made between the problems that are common to all surgical patients and those that are peculiar to patients undergoing neurological surgery, which gives the book excellent perspective. The section on the management of fluid and electrolyte levels is particularly lucid and considerably more detailed; the vagaries of body fluid tonicity and disorders of antidiuretic
Design of magnetic recording and playback amplifiers (1975)

Magnetic recording and playback amplifiers are different from the voltage amplifiers. These amplifiers need equalization networks. Besides equalization network, recording amplifier needs a high frequency oscillator for basing and erasing purpose.Design considerations of magnetic recording and playback amplifiers are discussed in this paper. Circuit details and the frequency response of recording and playback amplifiers are given. One single record/playback amplifier circuit is discussed. The overall performance of the complete system is very satisfactory.
Learnability through Adaptive Discovery Tools in Voice User Interfaces (2017)

The invisible nature of VUIs has been attributed to challenging discoverability with VUIs. Low discoverability often leads to learnability issues. Researchers have designed visual tools for VUIs to help users learn as they go. However, few have used adaptation to ensure that learnability with the help of these tools extends beyond initial use. We designed DiscoverCal, a calendar application designed using adaptive discovery tools to improve learnability in VUIs. In this paper, we identify key characteristics of existing discovery tools. We present our design of a VUI that adapts based on contextual relevance and user performance in order to extend learnability beyond initial use. We briefly discuss our user study design.
Moist wound healing: a concept that changed our practice (2004)

Improved wound healing in a moist environment, as opposed to dry conditions, was first described in the early 1960s. This article examines the origins of the theory of moist wound healing and explores the influence of relevant experimental and clinical trials on modern practice.
Correlation of Salivary Glucose Level with Blood Glucose Level in Diabetes Mellitus (2012)

Although study suggests some potential for saliva as a marker in monitoring of diabetes mellitus, there are many aspects that need clarification before we reach to a conclusion.
Targeted expression of a conditional oncogene in hematopoietic cells of transgenic mice. (1993)

We have produced two lines of transgenic mice in which the expression of temperature-sensitive SV-40 large T antigen is targeted to bone marrow megakaryocytes via the platelet factor 4 (PF4) tissue-specific promoter. The progeny of these transgenic mice were observed for about 3 mo, and no malignancies were detected over this period of time. The offspring of these transgenic mice, 6- to 12-wk of age, served as a source of bone marrow cells, which upon in vitro cultivation at the permissive temperature yielded immortalized cell lines (MegT). At the permissive temperature, MegT cells exhibit the characteristics of early 2N and 4N megakaryocytes which include the presence of specific gene products such as PF4, glycoprotein IIb, acetylcholinesterase, and CD45 as well as the absence of molecular markers of other cell lineages such as the macrophage marker Mac-1, the T helper cell marker CD4, the mast cell marker IgE, the T cell marker CD2 or the erythroid cell marker alpha-globin. The inactivation of the oncogene by a shift of temperature from 34 degrees to 39.5 degrees C produces a reduction in the frequency of the 2N cells, in conjunction with the appearance of 8N and 16N cells, consisting of 27 and 3% of total cells, respectively. Thus, we have generated hematopoietic cell lines that are trapped in the early stages of megakaryocyte commitment, but able to undergo part of the normal program of terminal differentiation.
Effectiveness of a Standard-Rule Method of Calendar Rhythm among Mayan Couples in Guatemala (2000)

Mayan couples in Guatemala have very low rates of contraceptive use but have long expressed an interest in natural family planning methods. A simple calendar rhythm method of family planning was tested among 301 couples living in two departments in the Guatemalan highlands. The method requires couples to keep track of the womans menstrual cycle using a calendar and a necklace as a reminder and to abstain from intercourse on days 9-19 of each cycle. Participants--most of whom were Mayan had had fewer than 7 years of schooling and had never used a contraceptive method--received instruction in how to use the method and were followed up for 1 year. Data were analyzed using life tables. 79% of couples successfully completed 1 year of use. Any difficulties they encountered with the method (i.e. with using the calendar or necklace or abstaining from intercourse for 11 days each month) occurred early in the study and after 1 year couples were highly satisfied with the method. 11% of couples conceived during the study and one-third of this group said that they had not had relations during the womans fertile period. Among the 31 couples who discontinued method use for reasons other than pregnancy the principal reason was personal factors. The only demographic characteristic that was significantly associated with continuation and pregnancy rates was age. A fairly simple natural method is potentially effective and highly acceptable among the Mayan population of Guatemala. (authors)
Performance Analysis of Alamouti 2IMO Diversity System in Time-Varying Rayleigh Fading Channels (2006)

It is well-known that space-time block coded transmit diversity system suffers from a diversity penalty in the time-varying channel. Lately, based on the Alamouti two-input single-output (2ISO) antenna diversity system, Vielmon et al. investigated the impact of a time-varying channel on the bit-error-rate (BER) performance and also recommended three detectors to increase the system robustness for rapid channel variation. In this paper, we generalize these detectors and their BER expressions to the two-input multiple-output (2IMO) antenna configuration. Moreover, the bit-error-outages (BEOs) are also derived to provide a more objective judgment on the transmission quality within a fading environment. These generalized results can be easily extended to the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems with the 2IMO antenna configuration.
Development of a Synthetic Minimal Medium for <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (2003)

A defined solid and liquid minimal medium, HTM, which contained methionine and cysteine as the sole amino acids, was developed for Listeria monocytogenes. Complex broth-grown L. monocytogenes had to adapt to HTM by inducing amino acid biosyntheis. HTM is the simplest minimal medium available for growth of L. monocytogenes.
Middle ear ventilation tubes (1974)

Abstract Twenty years have now passed since the first tube was placed through the tympanic membrane for middle ear ventilation. In this relatively short period of time, many different ideas for tube design have emerged and are presented. The types of middle ear fluid formation and the relationship of this formation to impaired eustachian tube function are discussed. The main indication for indwelling tubes is chronic secretory otitis media with effusion which fails to respond to conservative treatment; however, indications have been expanded with continued experience. The complications associated with the use of middle ear ventilation tubes are presented. Five years' experience using ventilation tubes in 1,460 ears is reported. Conclusions are based on data compiled from this study.