gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on Reduction of MnO with Carbon by Effluent Gas Analysis Method (1985)

The present study is concerned with the kinetics of carbon reduction of MnO and the identification of Mn carbide formed in this reduction process by the effluent gas analysis method. Mn carbide (Mn7C3) was formed at an earlier stage of reduction, and the activation energy of 217 kJ/mol nearly equal to that for the Boudouard’s reaction was obtained. When carbon was consumed entirely, the reaction between MnO and Mn7C3 occurred to yield metallic manganese, and the activation energy of 259 kJ/mol corresponding to the reaction of CO2 with Mn7C3 was obtained. Mn carbide formed in the reduction process of MnO was identified to be Mn7C3 phase, by the effluent gas analysis method using the He-O2 mixture. In addition, EPMA and X-ray diffraction examinations showed the presence of Mn7C3 phase in this reduction product.
The effect of formative assessment in Brazilian university physics courses (Efeito da avaliac~ao formativa em cursos de f sica em universidades brasileiras) (2011)

Most postsecondary physics courses in Brazil offer no meaningful formative assessment opportunities. We implemented online homework with immediate feedback in two courses, one with traditional learners at a public university, and one with non-traditional learners at a private university. In addition, at the public university, clickers were used in lecture. While surveys showed broad acceptance of these techniques by the students and the belief that they helped in learning, grades did not significantly improve — instead, we observed a narrowing of the grade distribution toward mid-range grades at the public university, and no difference at the private university. Our study also identifies a number of logistical and organizational hurdles that need to be overcome before a hopefully more successful implementation of these techniques should be attempted.
Resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis in human lung fibroblast (2002)

The current authors have demonstrated previously that epithelial cell apoptosis, induced by the Fas-Fas ligand pathway, might be involved in fibrosing lung diseases. Whereas lung epithelial cells are sensitive to the Fas-mediated apoptosis, lung fibroblasts may be resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis and replace damaged epithelial cells. The WI-38 lung fibroblast cell line and primary lung fibroblasts were used to examine the resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis and the association of anti-apoptotic proteins with this resistance. The administration of agonistic anti-Fas antibody (CH-11) or cycloheximide alone did not induce apoptosis, whereas the co-administration of CH-11 with cycloheximide induced apoptosis in WI-38 cells, in which caspase-8 and -3, but not -9, were activated, and X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (ILP) and FLICE-like inhibitor protein (FLIP(L)), but not bcl-xL and bcl-2, were remarkably down regulated. Primary lung fibroblasts were also resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis, and ILP and FLIP appeared to be involved in this resistance. Furthermore, the results of immunohistochemistry demonstrated that fibroblasts expressed ILP and FLIP(L) proteins in lung tissues from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. These results suggest that anti-apoptotic proteins such as X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis and FLICE-like inhibitor protein may play an important role in preventing Fas-mediated apoptosis in lung fibroblasts, and participate in the development of pulmonary fibrosis.
Sensible Heat Observations Reveal Soil-Water Evaporation Dynamics (2008)

Abstract Soil-water evaporation is important at scales ranging from microbial ecology to large-scale climate. Yet routine measurements are unable to capture rapidly shifting near-surface soil heat and water processes involved in soil-water evaporation. The objective of this study was to determine the depth and location of the evaporation zone within soil. Three-needle heat-pulse sensors were used to monitor soil heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and temperature below a bare soil surface in central Iowa during natural wetting/drying cycles. Soil heat flux and changes in heat storage were calculated from these data to obtain a balance of sensible heat components. The residual from this balance, attributed to latent heat from water vaporization, provides an estimate of in situ soil-water evaporation. As the soil dried following rainfall, results show divergence in the soil sensible heat flux with depth. Divergence in the heat flux indicates the location of a heat sink associated with soil-water evaporation. Evaporation estimates from the sensible heat balance provide depth and time patterns consistent with observed soil-water depletion patterns. Immediately after rainfall, evaporation occurred near the soil surface. Within 6 days after rainfall, the evaporation zone proceeded &gt; 13 mm into the soil profile. Evaporation rates at the 3-mm depth reached peak values &gt; 0.25 mm h−1. Evaporation occurred simultaneously at multiple measured depth increments, but with time lag between peak evaporation rates for depths deeper below the soil surface. Implementation of finescale measurement techniques for the soil sensible heat balance provides a new opportunity to improve understanding of soil-water evaporation.
Aspects of the Population Dynamics of the Alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson), in Cayuga Lake, New York (1965)

Parameters of size distribution, age composition, and growth were studied for the alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson), at Cayuga Lake, New York, during 1960 and 1961. Samples enabling estimation of these parameters were taken at two locations in the lake, Taughannock and Canoga. The Canoga location was warmer and tended toward eutrophication relative to the typically oligotrophic Taughannock location. Emphasis was placed on studying the differences in size distribution, age composition, and growth between years and between locations. A major source of variation in estimates of the parameters resulted from the effect of the dominant 1959 year class. The Canoga samples exhibited a higher average and slightly faster growth rate than did the Taughannock samples. The possible effect of water temperature on this phenomenon is mentioned. Variability in size composition between locations is thought to be associated predominantly with the environmental characteristics of the two locations whereas the variability between sampling years is thought to be predominantly the effect of population structure. INTRODUCTION The alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson), is anadromous or lacustrine-anadromous along the eastern coast of North America from Labrador (Storer, 1850) to Florida (Briggs, 1958). Aspects of the life history of the anadromous alewife are covered by Hildebrand and Schroeder (1928), Bigelow and Schroeder (1953), Havey (1961), and Cooper (1961). Strictly freshwater populations of the alewife populations which never enter a marine environment are found in Lake Ontario (Greeley, 1927), some of the New York Finger Lakes (Cayuga, Seneca, and Keuka Lakes (Eaton, 1928)), other New York lakes (Greeley, 1938; Breder and Nigrelli, 1936; Dence, 1956), lakes in glaciated northern New Jersey (Gross, 1953), and New Hampshire ponds in Rockingham County (Bailey, 1938). Man has caused an extension of the known range of the alewife by stocking (e.g., Vincent, 1960) and modification of natural waterways (Miller, 1957). The life history of the alewife in fresh water is not well known. Threinen (1958) summarizes much of the literature, but the best accounts are given by Graham (1956), Pritchard (1929), Odell, (1934b), Breder and Nigrelli (1936), and Gross (1953). Rothschild (1963a) studied the annulus on the alewife scale as a criterion of age. There are also unpublished studies by Gross (1959) and Odell (1934a) . Further investigations of alewife life history were made at Cayuga 1 Extracted from a Doctoral Dissertation submitted to Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
First-order sensitivity and worst case analysis of doubly terminated reactance two-ports (1973)

Equations are derived which enable the designer to predict, from a single circuit analysis, all sensitivities and the worst case error of the loss response for a doubly terminated reactance two-port. The method is extended to the important practical class of resonanceadjusted circuits. The results confirm the experimentally observed dependence of the sensitivities on the reflection factor and on the tuning process used in the construction of the circuit. Interestingly, the sensitivities depend only on the properties of the reflection coefficients and on the complex power in the individual reactive elements.
Zur Verflüchtigung von Kalium aus Schlacken (1984)

Untersuchung der Verflüchtigung von Kalium aus hochofenähnlichen Schlacken. Messungen des zeitlichen Verlaufes der Verflüchtigung. Theoretische Überlegungen zur Deutung dieses Vorganges sowie Schlußfolgerungen für die Praxis.
Hydrocarbon divergence and reproductive isolation in Timema stick insects (2013)

Altogether, our data indicate that cuticular hydrocarbon profiles vary among Timema species and populations, and that most evolutionary change in hydrocarbon profiles occurs in association with speciation events. Similarities in hydrocarbon profiles between species are correlated with interspecific mating propensities, suggesting a role for cuticular hydrocarbon profiles in mate choice and speciation in the genus Timema.
Design considerations for a multi-megawatt coaxial cavity gyrotron at 170 GHz (2002)

Some design considerations related to wall losses and mode competition in an ITER relevant coaxial cavity gyrotron are presented. New possibilities of heat redistribution and of reduction of mode competition by means of an insert with variable depth of corrugations along the longitudinal direction of the cavity are discussed.
Metal-free C(3)–H arylation of coumarins promoted by catalytic amounts of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-diethylaminophenyl)porphyrin (2015)

The metal-free C-H arylation of coumarins was achieved in the presence of catalytic amounts of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-diethylaminophenyl)porphyrin. This mild and environmentally friendly Meerwein arylation provided facile access to a broad variety of 3-arylcoumarins in synthetically useful yields.
Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of the ${\kappa}-Casein$ Fragments Hydrolysated by Chymosin, Pepsin, and Trypsin (1997)

The isolated on gel permeation chromatography was hydrolyzed by chymosin, trypsin, and pepsin. The 3% TCA soluble portion of the hydrolysates were dialyzed on the angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition rate (%,) and inhibitory activity were determined. The trypsin hydrolysate exhibited the highest ACE inhibition rate while the chymosin hydrolysation showed the lowest activity. The hydrolysate was dialyzed using dialysis membrane with various molecular cut-offs, and was determined. As the pore size of the dialysis tubing increased, the ACE inhibitory activity decreased.
ChemInform Abstract: METHYL ALKYL BROMOPHOSPHATES, NEW REACTANTS OF PHOSPHORYLATION (1980)

Abstract Eine Reihe von Phosphorsäurebromid‐diestern, wie z.B. (IV), wird dargestellt.
Japanese Beetle Adult Control on Rose Plants, Eaton Co., Mi, 1995 (1996)

Abstract Rose plants of several varieties were used for this test at a residence in Section 5, Benton Twp, Eaton County, MI. The plants were container–grown in 2 gal pots and were 2– ft tall. They were hand irrigated 3 times a week. The location where the plants were kept for the duration of the test is open, recieves full sun and is protected from the wind. Marathon applications were made on 17 May by spreading the material over the top of the pot. Plants were fertilized on 17 May, 5 Jul and 18 Jul. The test was conducted at a location that had a 3 year building Japanese beetle infestation. Liquid insecticides were applied with a hand-held CO2 R&D Sprayer with a single 8003 nozzle at 50 psi on 5 Jul and 18 Jul. All treatments were replicated 6 times and blocked by variety. These varieties were: Meidiland Rd Red (Replications 1 and 2), Rugosa Blanc de Coubert (White) (Replications 3 and 4) and Red Simplicity (Replications 5 and 6). Treatments were evaluated on 11, 18, 26 and 31 Jul by counting all Japanese beetle adults on the plants and by taking the average of two estimates of the percentage of damaged leaves on each plant.
Toxicity of Tomotherapy-Based Simultaneous Integrated Boost in Whole-Pelvis Radiation for Prostate Cancer (2015)

Intestinal toxicity should be verified with more detailed anatomic categorization such as rectum and NRI. TOMOSIB could not reduce urinary toxicity because of inevitably high dose exposure to the prostatic urethra. Current dosimetry system did not properly reflect intestinal/urinary toxicity, and suitable dosimetric guidelines are needed in TOMOSIB.
Multiple Time-delay Stability Analysis for the DC-Microgrid Cluster with Distributed Control (2018)

With the increasing availability of DC microgrids (MGs), the DC-MG cluster will develop quickly as the connection of different DC MGs. To alleviate the burden of the central control, the distributed control strategy is attracting more and more interests among researchers. Besides, the communication cost is obviously reduced with only one receiver of the global system information. However, the bidirectional neighboring communication will make the communication network more complex, which makes DC-MG cluster as a time-delay system. Moreover, the different time-delay values among neighboring MGs further deteriorate the whole system to a multiple time-delay issue. To maintain the stable operation of DC-MG cluster, the cluster treatment of characteristic roots (CTCR) is proposed in the work for the stability analysis considering the multiple time delays.
Reporting and Quoting in Signed Discourse (2011)

This chapter offers an overview of the mechanisms used in sign languages (SLs) to report someone’s utterances, thoughts or actions, which are commonly known as role shift. Despite being able to resort to embedding under attitude predicates for indirect reported discourse, SLs have a genuine strategy that flags the reported segment with an array of non-manual markers anchoring it to the reported subject, as well as with a displacement in the referential framework for indexicals. Relying on Catalan SL (LSC) data, we show that despite the surface appearance of direct quotation, we can actually distinguish role shift used for direct and indirect discourse: the lexical markers introducing it, the syntactic position of the reported clause and, most interestingly, the (non)-shifting option for indexicals signal the two types of quoted discourse.
Chagasic Patients Lack CD28 Expression on Many of Their Circulating T Lymphocytes (1996)

A balanced host-parasite interaction during Trypanosoma cruzi infection allows for the establishment of a chronic infection that can last for many years. T cells are a major element responsible for parasite specific and non-specific immunity during the complex immune response of the host. However, the subpopulations of T cells involved in the response, as well as the exact mechanisms through which those cells are activated or rendered unresponsive, are not well defined. It is known that co-stimulatory signals, some of which are mediated via CD28, are of critical importance in the triggering of appropriate T cell responses. In this study the authors performed double-labelling studies to determine the frequency of expression of CD28 by CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with Chagas' disease. The results show that chagasic patients throughout the spectrum of chronic clinical forms of the infection have significantly higher mean frequencies of CD4+CD28- and CD8+CD28-T cells, as compared with non-chagasic individuals. Considering the importance of CD28 for T-cell activation, the observed down-regulation or loss of CD28 during infection may indicate a possible basis for observed immunoregulatory events or distinct stages of T-cell activation in this infection. Recent evidence from patients with HIV/AIDS indicates that CD28- cell populations are more likely to undergo apoptosis, and increased apoptosis has been observed in experimental Chagas disease.
Hemostatic Factors, APOL1 Risk Variants, and the Risk of ESRD in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (2015)

Higher levels of factor VIIc, VIIIc, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and protein C were associated with ESRD risk, with a significantly stronger association of factor VIIIc and protein C in African Americans with two APOL1 risk alleles.
Detection and localization of coronary artery disease with body surface mapping in patients with normal electrocardiograms. (1987)

Patients with clinically significant coronary artery disease often have normal resting electrocardiograms. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that body surface potential maps provide improved recognition of some disease states and more regionally selective information than standard electrocardiograms. Body surface maps were recorded at rest from 41 symptomatic patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease and normal electrocardiograms. Patient maps were statistically compared with maps recorded from 644 normal subjects with the use of previously reported data representation technique. By this technique, maps from patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease and normal electrocardiograms were separated from maps of normal subjects with a sensitivity and specificity greater than 94%. The majority of discriminating information was present in the QRS interval. Fifteen of the 41 symptomatic patients had documented single-vessel coronary disease and their maps were separately compared with normal maps. Average maps from each of three patient groups with single-vessel disease contained abnormal patterns during the QRS interval that were unique to the vessel affected. In comparison with a average map from normal subjects, the average map from the group with left anterior descending coronary disease showed lower potentials over the anterior and inferolateral thorax during the early to mid QRS interval, the average map from the circumflex disease group showed decreased potentials around the entire inferior thorax in the mid to late QRS interval, and the average map from the right coronary disease group showed decreased potentials over the right anterior thorax during the mid to late QRS interval.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Re-Evaluation of Inertia Effects In Hydrodynamic Gas Journal Bearings (1976)

Technical Briefs A Re-Evaluation of Inertia Effects In Hydrodynamic Gas Journal Bearings Edward P. Gargiulo, Jr. Edward P. Gargiulo, Jr. Engineering Technology Laboratory, Engineering R&D Division, Engineering Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information Edward P. Gargiulo, Jr. Engineering Technology Laboratory, Engineering R&D Division, Engineering Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del. J. of Lubrication Tech. Jan 1976, 98(1): 187-188 (2 pages) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3452763 Published Online: January 1, 1976 Article history Received: August 4, 1975 Online: October 20, 2010
Cosmogenic Rare Gas Ratios in Iron Meteorites (1961)

Rare gas abundances in iron meteorites are compared with cross section ratios from high energy bombardments. A meteoritic low-energy flux (below 1 Gev) of about 13 times the high energy flux (above 1 Gev) is found. About half the helium is produced by this low energy flux.
Expansins Abundant in Secondary Xylem Belong to Subgroup A of the <i>α</i>-Expansin Gene Family  (2004)

Differentiation of xylem cells in dicotyledonous plants involves expansion of the radial primary cell walls and intrusive tip growth of cambial derivative cells prior to the deposition of a thick secondary wall essential for xylem function. Expansins are cell wall-residing proteins that have an ability to plasticize the cellulose-hemicellulose network of primary walls. We found expansin activity in proteins extracted from the cambial region of mature stems in a model tree species hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x Populus tremuloides Michx). We identified three alpha-expansin genes (PttEXP1, PttEXP2, and PttEXP8) and one beta-expansin gene (PttEXPB1) in a cambial region expressed sequence tag library, among which PttEXP1 was most abundantly represented. Northern-blot analyses in aspen vegetative organs and tissues showed that PttEXP1 was specifically expressed in mature stems exhibiting secondary growth, where it was present in the cambium and in the radial expansion zone. By contrast, PttEXP2 was mostly expressed in developing leaves. In situ reverse transcription-PCR provided evidence for accumulation of mRNA of PttEXP1 along with ribosomal rRNA at the tips of intrusively growing xylem fibers, suggesting that PttEXP1 protein has a role in intrusive tip growth. An examination of tension wood and leaf cDNA libraries identified another expansin, PttEXP5, very similar to PttEXP1, as the major expansin in developing tension wood, while PttEXP3 was the major expansin expressed in developing leaves. Comparative analysis of expansins expressed in woody stems in aspen, Arabidopsis, and pine showed that the most abundantly expressed expansins share sequence similarities, belonging to the subfamily A of alpha-expansins and having two conserved motifs at the beginning and end of the mature protein, RIPVG and KNFRV, respectively. This conservation suggests that these genes may share a specialized, not yet identified function.
Analysis of high-frequency vibrations using TV holography (1988)

Most objects that vibrate at frequencies higher than 100 kHz have a vibration amplitude below the first minimum of holographic detection. In order to detect lower amplitudes, phase-shifting techniques with an electro-optic modulator have been used. So far measurements have been performed up to 500 kHz, but the potential upper limit should be in the MHz range. Results showing the vibrations of an ultrasonic transducer are presented.
Recent Developments in the Hydrodynamic Design of Flying–Boats (1955)

During the past few years numerous developments in the hydrodynamic design of flying-boats have been brought about mainly by systematic model research. Although Germany deserves the credit for initiating research on the forces on planing plates and Vee wedges, we are indebted to various estabhshments in the U.S.A. for the multiplicity of data on both flying-boats and simple planing surfaces, which are now available.
On the performance evaluation of an ATM self-routing multistage switch with bursty and uniform traffic (2002)

An N /spl times/ N self-routing multistage switching network with bursty and uniform traffic, which is composed of S /spl times/ S switching elements with output queuing and has K = log/sub s/ N stages, is considered. The input traffic is modeled by a two-state (active/silent) Markov chain. Each arriving cell selects one of the N outlets as its destination independently and with equal probability 1/N. The performance of the switching network is studied by means of a simulation method. An approximate traffic model of a four-state Markov chain is proposed to characterize the cell arrival processes to further stages. Comparison with the simulation results shows that the proposed traffic model gives a good approximation, which implies that the performance of the switching element mainly depends on the first two moments of the active and silent periods and is not sensitive to the shapes of their distributions. The influence of bursty traffic on the performance of the switching network is discussed and illustrated by some numerical examples. It is found that the performance of the switching network can be substantially improved by adding a simple traffic randomization mechanism.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>