gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ACHONDROPLASIA (1967)

ACHONDROPLASIALEONARD O. LANGER, JR., M.D., PAUL A. BAUMANN, M.D. and ROBERT J. GORLIN, D.D.S., M.S.Audio Available | Share
Models for map building and navigation (1993)

In this paper we present several models for solving map building and navigation problems. These models are motivated by biological processes, and presented in the context of artificial neural networks. Since the nodes, weights, and threshold functions of our models all have physical meanings, we can easily predict network topologies and avoid traditional trial-and-error training. On one hand, this makes our models useful in constructing solutions to engineering problems (problems such as those that occur in robotics, for example). On the other hand, this might also contribute to the ability of our models to explain some biological processes, few of which are completely understood at this time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Algorithms for ASTAP--A network-analysis program (1973)

The advanced statistical analysis program (ASTAP) is a general-purpose network-analysis program which performs nonlinear transient, dc, and ac analyses and provides statistical simulation to determine the distribution of circuit outputs due to parameter variations. The program combines a user-oriented input language capable of describing completely general nonlinear devices with the latest advances in numerical and programming techniques: variable-order implicit integration, tableau formulation, and sparse-matrix solution methods. This paper describes how these techniques have been implemented in the ASTAP program. Attention is focused on the computational algorithms.
Nylon-12-Preparation, Properties, and Applications (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNylon-12-Preparation, Properties, and ApplicationsWolfgang. Griehl and Djavid. RuestemCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1970, 62, 3, 16–22Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50723a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50723a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2118Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Coumarin Derivatives for Medicinal Purposes. XVI (1963)

Based on the antitubercular and hypoglycemic action of coumarin derivatives, seven kinds of following derivatives of sulfonamide system were synthesized. 6-Tolylsulfonamidocoumarin (L-1), 6-(4-acetamidophenylsulfonamido) coumarin (L-2), 6-(4-aminophenylsulfonamido) coumarin (L-3), 4-methyl-6-tolylsulfonamidocoumarin (L-4), 4-methyl-(4-acetamidophenylsulfonamido) coumarin (L-5), 4-methyl-5-(4-aminophenylsulfonamido) coumarin (L-6), and 3-ethyl-6-tolylsulfonamidocoumarin (L-9). Of these compounds, hypoglycemic action of L-2 and L-3 has already been reported by Ito, et al. although its activity is not as marked as that of 2-(4-aminophenylsulfonamido)-5-isopropylthiadiazole.Antituberculosis action of these compounds were tested and reported by Mitani, and the antituberculosis action was found to be stronger when the substituent in 6-position of the coumarin ring is p-aminophenylsulfonamide group than when it is p-acetamidophenylsulfonamide group. None of the compounds synthesized were found to have stronger action than 4-methyl-7-(4-aminophenylsulfonamido) coumarin reported by Bersch, et al.
pavo: an R package for the analysis, visualization and organization of spectral data (2013)

Summary Recent technical and methodological advances have led to a dramatic increase in the use of spectrometry to quantify reflectance properties of biological materials, as well as models to determine how these colours are perceived by animals, providing important insights into ecological and evolutionary aspects of animal visual communication. Despite this growing interest, a unified cross‐platform framework for analysing and visualizing spectral data has not been available. We introduce pavo , an R package that facilitates the organization, visualization and analysis of spectral data in a cohesive framework. pavo is highly flexible, allowing users to (a) organize and manipulate data from a variety of sources, (b) visualize data using R's state‐of‐the‐art graphics capabilities and (c) analyse data using spectral curve shape properties and visual system modelling for a broad range of taxa. In this paper, we present a summary of the functions implemented in pavo and how they integrate in a workflow to explore and analyse spectral data. We also present an exact solution for the calculation of colour volume overlap in colourspace, thus expanding previously published methodologies. As an example of pavo 's capabilities, we compare the colour patterns of three African glossy starling species, two of which have diverged very recently. We demonstrate how both colour vision models and direct spectral measurement analysis can be used to describe colour attributes and differences between these species. Different approaches to visual models and several plotting capabilities exemplify the package's versatility and streamlined workflow. pavo provides a cohesive environment for handling spectral data and addressing complex sensory ecology questions, while integrating with R's modular core for a broader and comprehensive analytical framework, automated management of spectral data and reproducible workflows for colour analysis.
Self-diffusion in tungsten (1978)

Self-diffusion in tungsten single crystals has been measured over the temperature range 1700-3400 K (encompassing a range of nine orders of magnitude in the diffusion coefficient $D$). The plot of $\mathrm{ln}D$ vs $\frac{1}{T}$ is curved, and can be fitted by a sum of two exponentials, $D=0.04\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}\frac{{5.4}_{5}\mathrm{eV}}{\mathrm{kT}})+46\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}6.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\frac{\mathrm{eV}}{\mathrm{kT}})$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, the first of which probably represents diffusion by single vacancies.
A Novel Rotor Ground-Fault-Detection Technique for Synchronous Machines With Static Excitation (2010)

This paper presents a novel ground-fault-detection technique for synchronous machines. This technique is suitable for synchronous machines with static excitation systems, whose excitation field winding is fed by rectifiers through an excitation transformer. The main contribution of this new technique is that it can detect and discriminate both ac- and dc-side ground faults in the excitation system, without the need for traditional power injection sources. This detection technique is based on the frequency analysis of the voltages or currents at a grounding impedance placed at the excitation transformer neutral terminal. This technique has been validated through computer simulations and experimental laboratory tests.
In vitro binding of type 1-fimbriated Escherichia coli to uroplakins Ia and Ib: relation to urinary tract infections. (1996)

Urinary tract infections, caused mainly by Escherichia coli, are among the most common infectious diseases. Most isolates of the uropathogenic E.coli can express type 1 and P fimbriae containing adhesins that recognize cell receptors. While P fimbriae recognize kidney glycolipid receptors and are involved in peyelonephritis, the urothelial for type 1 fimbriae were not identified. We show that type 1-fimbriated E. coli recognize uroplakins Ia and Ib, two major glycoproteins of urothelial apical plaques. Anchorage of E. coli to urothelial surface via type 1 fimbriae-uroplakin I interactions may play a role in its bladder colonization and eventual ascent through the ureters, against urine flow, to invade the kidneys.
Treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) with hydrochloric acid (HCL) to increase the separation of oil from POME (2004)

Experimental studies have been performed at Curtin Sarawak to investigate the effects of the treatment of hydrochloric acid (HCl) on the separation of oil from POME. Samples from POME were directly collected from a palm oil mill in Sarawak and were treated with different concentrations of HCl ranging from 0% to 2.30%, at a constant incubation temperature of 70 degreesC-80 degreesC and constant incubation time for 15 hours. The experiments show that at constant incubation temperature and time, the percentage of oil extracted from the light phase of POME increases almost linearly (from 20% to 80%) with the addition of HCl. These findings are consistent with the fact that HCl serves as a neutralisation agent for negative electrical charges that act as stabilisation factors of the initial emulsion.
Study of magnesium precipitation based on biocementation (2019)

Magnesium carbonate has a cementing character like calcium carbonate, and the addition of magnesium ion enables the microbe cementitious material to have the denser microstructure with the lower porosity. The effects of various factors, such as the concentration of Ca2+ and Mg2+, on the urease activity were studied. Comparison of the productive rates for calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate were carried out, as well as productive rates for magnesium carbonate with adding different amount of urea to medium. Calcium acetate and magnesium acetate were, respectively, used for sands solidification. Results showed that the increase in urea concentration and magnesium ion enhanced urease activity, while calcium ion significantly impaired urease activity. Sodium chloride and acetate ion had little influence on it. Productive rates for magnesium carbonate were dramatically smaller than its calcium counterpart. However, adding urea to medium allowed for more magnesium precipitation, and the higher the urea concentration, the more the magnesium precipitation. The sand columns with adding urea to medium can have a high strength despite using magnesium acetate. Therefore, the method could solve the problem of insufficient magnesium precipitation. The results will act as a guide for the application of biocementation technology with magnesium carbonate.
Internal Alkyne Regio‐ and Chemoselectivity using a Zwitterionic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Gold Catalyst in a Silver‐Free Alkyne Hydration Reaction (2016)

Abstract An alkyne hydration of terminal and internal alkynes is reported using a zwitterionic N‐heterocyclic carbene gold catalyst [(BNHC)Au(SMe 2 )] in the absence of silver and Brønsted acid additives. The hydration demonstrates good regioselectivity in alkyne hydration and chemoselectivity for internal alkynes vs. terminal. In addition, (BNHC)Au(SMe 2 ) performs a propargyl alcohol hydration to predominantly form α‐hydroxymethyl ketone over the more common Meyer–Schuster rearrangement product. While complex (BNHC)Au(SMe 2 ) is active without silver additives, addition of silver hexafluoroantimonate (AgSbF 6 ) increases reaction rate and decreases selectivity for internal alkyne hydration over terminal substrates. To the best of our knowledge, the rate enhancement of (BNHC)Au(SMe 2 ) by AgSbF 6 is the first such demonstration of a silver effect for a “halide‐free” Au catalyst. magnified image
Properties of Emulsions Stabilized with Milk Proteins: Overview of Some Recent Developments (1997)

The physico-chemical properties of oil-in-water emulsions that are stabilized by milk proteins are determined largely by the nature of the adsorbed layer at the surface of the dispersed droplets. Detailed information on the structure of the adsorbed layer is now available for some of the pure milk proteins, especially b-casein and b-lactoglobulin. Recent analysis of the segment density profiles that are normal to the surface has shown clear differences in layer structure between the disordered casein and the globular whey protein. The phosphoserine residues of b-casein are essential in providing the thickness and stericstabilizing properties of the layer. Surface coverage and segment density profile are sensitive to bulk protein concentration, pH, ionic strength, and calcium ion content. Functional properties of commercial milk protein ingredients are influenced also by compositional and structural heterogeneity. Unadsorbed protein may make additional contributions to the properties of casein-stabilized emulsions, especially creaming and flocculation behavior.
Silencing Cenp-F weakens centromeric cohesion, prevents chromosome alignment and activates the spindle checkpoint (2005)

Cenp-F is an unusual kinetochore protein in that it localizes to the nuclear matrix in interphase and the nuclear envelope at the G2/M transition; it is farnesylated and rapidly degraded after mitosis. We have recently shown that farnesylation of Cenp-F is required for G2/M progression, its localization to kinetochores, and its degradation. However, the role Cenp-F plays in mitosis has remained enigmatic. Here we show that, following repression of Cenp-F by RNA interference (RNAi), the processes of metaphase chromosome alignment, anaphase chromosome segregation and cytokinesis all fail. Although kinetochores attach to microtubules in Cenp-F-deficient cells, the oscillatory movements that normally occur following K-fibre formation are severely dampened. Consistently, inter-kinetochore distances are reduced. In addition, merotelic associations are observed, suggesting that whereas kinetochores can attach microtubules in the absence of Cenp-F, resolving inappropriate interactions is inhibited. Repression of Cenp-F does not appear to compromise the spindle checkpoint. Rather, the chromosome alignment defect induced by Cenp-F RNA interference is accompanied by a prolonged mitosis, indicating checkpoint activation. Indeed, the prolonged mitosis induced by Cenp-F RNAi is dependent on the spindle checkpoint kinase BubR1. Surprisingly, chromosomes in Cenp-F-deficient cells frequently show a premature loss of chromatid cohesion. Thus, in addition to regulating kinetochore-microtubule interactions, Cenp-F might be required to protect centromeric cohesion prior to anaphase commitment. Intriguingly, whereas most of the sister-less kinetochores cluster near the spindle poles, some align at the spindle equator, possibly through merotelic or lateral orientations.
A Wideband Pulse-Modulated Polar Transmitter Using Envelope Correction for LTE Applications (2015)

The pulse-modulated polar transmitter (PMPT) uses the envelope information to pulse modulate the phase information to implement a highly linear and highly efficient polar transmitter. The bandwidth of the PMPT is primarily determined by the pulsewidth modulation sampling frequency of the envelope information. For wide bandwidth applications such as long-term evolution (LTE), finite rise and fall times of the RF pulses distort the envelope information. In this paper, the nonideal RF pulses are analyzed and an envelope correction method is proposed to reduce the distortion in wide bandwidth applications using the PMPT architecture. For validation, a cellular-band prototype transmitter system was constructed using commercially available components. Using a 20-MHz bandwidth 16-QAM LTE signal at 836.5 MHz, the prototype transmitter achieved an output power of 22.7 dBm and drain efficiency of 33% while passing the spectral requirements of the LTE standard.
Congenital Clubfoot: Fundamentals of Treatment (1996)

Introduction. 1: Pathological anatomy. 2: Structural changes of muscles, tendons, and ligaments of the leg and foot. 3: Muscles. 4: Tendons. 5: Ligaments. 6: Functional anatomy. 7: Pathogenesis. 8: Clinical history and examination. 9: Treatment. 10: Cavus. 11: Varus and adduction. 12: Equinus. 13: Tibial torsion. 14: Plaster-cast application. 15: Splinting. 16: Surgery. A. Tendons. 17: Tenotomy of the tendo Achilles. 18: Lengthening of the tendo Achilles. 19: Transfer of the tibialis anterior tendon. B. Ligaments and joints. 20: C. Bones. 21: Cavovarus. 22: Triple arthrodesis. 23: Talectomy. 24: Relapses. 25: Outcome of treatment. 26: Radiographic study of clubfeet. 27: Errors in treatment. Index
Failure Analysis of Double Male Joint in Oil Well (2008)

A double male joint was broken in oil well during elevation.Through the analyses of chemical composition,mechanical properties,micro-fracture and metallographic examination,pit corrosion test,etc,the broken reasons of the double male joint were analyzed.The existence of corrosive media such as S and Cl on the inner wall of the double male joint induced pitting corrosion firstly and then hydrogen induced cracking from the pit bottom.When the external force was loaded,the fracture occured at the site of serious corrosion.
Anillin, a contractile ring protein that cycles from the nucleus to the cell cortex. (1995)

We report the cDNA sequence and localization of a protein first identified by actin filament chromatography of Drosophila embryo extracts as ABP8 (Miller, K. G., C. M. Field, and B. M. Alberts. 1989. J. Cell Biol. 109:2963-2975). The cDNA encodes a 1201-amino acid protein which we name anillin. Anillin migrates at 190 kD on SDS-PAGE. Anillin is expressed throughout Drosophila development and in tissue culture cells. By immunofluorescence, anillin localizes to the nucleus of interphase cells, except in the syncytial embryo where it is always cytoplasmic. During metaphase, it is present in the cytoplasm and cortex, and during anaphase-telophase it becomes highly enriched in the cleavage furrow along with myosin II. In the syncytial embryo, anillin, along with myosin-II, is enriched in cortical areas undergoing cell cycle regulated invagination including metaphase furrows and the cellularization front. In contractile rings, metaphase furrows, and nascent ring canals, anillin remains bound to the invaginated cortex suggesting a stabilizing role. Anillin is not expressed in cells that have left the cell cycle. Anillin isolated from embryo extracts binds directly to actin filaments. The domain responsible for this binding has been mapped to a region of 244 amino acids by expression of protein fragments in bacteria. This domain, which is monomeric in solution, also bundles actin filaments. We speculate that anillin plays a role in organizing and/or stabilizing the cleavage furrow and other cell cycle regulated, contractile domains of the actin cytoskeleton.
Utilidad clínica de la cistatina C como marcador de función renal (2003)

Background: Cystatin C is a protein derived from all nucleated cells; it is filtered only through glomeruli and metabolized at tubular level, hence is an ideal marker to renal function. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed during the period from June 1st to August 30th 2003 in the ABC Medical Center in a group of 84 patients that included 27 healthy people, 33 with probable nephropathy and 24 with diagnosed nephropathy by renal biopsy. They were measured creatinine and serum cystatin C and clearance of creatinine in a sample of urine of 24 hours corrected by area of corporal surface. A second group of 419 healthy people was studied to obtain the values of reference of cystatin C. Results: Cystatin C showed bigger correlation when detecting lightly diminished clearance (r = 0.98 p < 0.01) contrary to serum creatinine (r = 0.84 p < 0.01). The second group showed a normal distribution, and the people’s 95% presented levels of cystatin C of 0.530.93 mg/L. Conclusion: Serum cystatin C is a more sensitive test to detect renal damage early.
Distance‐Based Tests for Homogeneity of Multivariate Dispersions (2005)

The traditional likelihood-based test for differences in multivariate dispersions is known to be sensitive to nonnormality. It is also impossible to use when the number of variables exceeds the number of observations. Many biological and ecological data sets have many variables, are highly skewed, and are zero-inflated. The traditional test and even some more robust alternatives are also unreasonable in many contexts where measures of dispersion based on a non-Euclidean dissimilarity would be more appropriate. Distance-based tests of homogeneity of multivariate dispersions, which can be based on any dissimilarity measure of choice, are proposed here. They rely on the rotational invariance of either the multivariate centroid or the spatial median to obtain measures of spread using principal coordinate axes. The tests are straightforward multivariate extensions of Levene's test, with P-values obtained either using the traditional F-distribution or using permutation of either least-squares or LAD residuals. Examples illustrate the utility of the approach, including the analysis of stabilizing selection in sparrows, biodiversity of New Zealand fish assemblages, and the response of Indonesian reef corals to an El Niño. Monte Carlo simulations from the real data sets show that the distance-based tests are robust and powerful for relevant alternative hypotheses of real differences in spread.
Integrating thesaurus relationships into search and browse in an online photograph collection (2005)

Purpose Seeks to share with digital library practitioners the development process of an online image collection that integrates the syndetic structure of a controlled vocabulary to improve end‐user search and browse functionality. Design/methodology/approach Surveys controlled vocabulary structures and their utility for catalogers and end‐users. Reviews research literature and usability findings that informed the specifications for integration of the controlled vocabulary structure into search and browse functionality. Discusses database functions facilitating query expansion using a controlled vocabulary structure, and web application handling of user queries and results display. Concludes with a discussion of open‐source alternatives and reuse of database and application components in other environments. Findings Affirms that structured forms of browse and search can be successfully integrated into digital collections to significantly improve the user's discovery experience. Establishes ways in which the technologies used in implementing enhanced search and browse functionality can be abstracted to work in other digital collection environments. Originality/value Significant amounts of research on integrating thesauri structures into search and browse functionalities exist, but examples of online resources that have implemented this approach are few in comparison. The online image collection surveyed in this paper can serve as a model to other designers of digital library resources for integrating controlled vocabularies and metadata structures into more dynamic search and browse functionality for end‐users.
Circuit and Noise Analysis of Odorant Gas Sensors in an E-Nose (2005)

In this paper, the relationship between typical circuit structures of gas sensorcircuits and their output noise is analyzed. By using averaged segmenting periodical graphand improved histogram estimation methods, we estimated their noise power spectra andoptimal probability distribution functions (pdf). The results were confirmed throughexperiment studies.