gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diaphyseal Humeral Fractures: Treatment Options (2001)

All of the current modalities have a place in the treatment of diaphyseal humeral fractures. Functional bracing renders a high rate of union and seems to be a safe method of treatment for most closed fractures. Type II and III open fractures seem to respond best to plate fixation or external fixation, particularly when there are associated neural or vascular pathologic findings. Patients with polytrauma who are unable to walk are also best treated with plate fixation. Plate fixation is also the best method of treatment when adequate alignment cannot be obtained with nonsurgical methods. Intramedullary nailing remains controversial because its complication rate is higher than that associated with either plate fixation or functional bracing. None of the treatments described is a panacea, and complications may occur with each one of them. An appropriate appreciation of the biologic response to the three modalities; an understanding of the indications, contraindications, and possible complications of the treatments; and a mastery of the techniques of application are essential for the attainment of satisfactory clinical results.
CORRELATION OF CRITICAL HEAT FLUX FOR BOILING WATER IN FORCED CIRCULATION AT ELEVATED PRESSURES (1961)

The development of a critical heat flux correlation for water in forced circulation at elevated pressures is described. In contrast to earlier correlations in the literature, which present critical heat flux as a function of dependent variables such as outlet subcooling or enthalpy, this correlation presents the critical heat flux as a function of the independent variables, mass velocity, channel thickness, channel length, and subcooling at the channel inlet. Comparisons with experimental data in the form of frequency plots show the superiority of this critical heat flux equation for correlating existing data. (auth)
Increase of magnetic hyperthermia efficiency due to dipolar interactions in low-anisotropy magnetic nanoparticles: Theoretical and experimental results (2013)

When magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are single domain and magnetically independent, their magnetic properties and the conditions to optimize their efficiency in magnetic hyperthermia applications are now well understood. However, the influence of magnetic interactions on magnetic hyperthermia properties is still unclear. Here, we report hyperthermia and high-frequency hysteresis loop measurements on a model system consisting of MNPs with the same size but a varying anisotropy, which is an interesting way to tune the relative strength of magnetic interactions. A clear correlation between the MNP anisotropy and the squareness of their hysteresis loop in colloidal solution is observed: the larger the anisotropy, the smaller the squareness. Since low anisotropy MNPs display a squareness higher than the one of magnetically independent nanoparticles, magnetic interactions enhance their heating power in this case. Hysteresis loop calculations of independent and coupled MNPs are compared to experimental results. It is shown that the observed features are a natural consequence of the formation of chains and columns of MNPs during hyperthermia experiments: in these structures, when the MNP magnetocristalline anisotropy is small enough to be dominated by magnetic interactions, the hysteresis loop shape tends to be rectangular, which enhances their efficiency. On the contrary, when MNPs do not form chains and columns, magnetic interactions reduce the hysteresis loop squareness and the efficiency of MNPs compared to independent ones. Our finding can thus explain contradictory results in the literature on the influence of magnetic interactions on magnetic hyperthermia. It also provides an alternate explanation to some experiments where an enhanced specific absorption rate for MNPs in liquids has been found compared to the one of MNPs in gels, usually interpreted with some contribution of the brownian motion. The present work should improve the understanding and interpretation of magnetic hyperthermia experiments.
Epidural Clonidine Analgesia in Obstetrics (1989)

Epidural clonidine administration produces analgesia by a nonopiate, spinal mechanism, and offers advantages over other epidural agents for labor analgesia. To examine clonidine's acute maternal and fetal effects, the authors injected clonidine, 300 micrograms, epidurally in seven chronically prepared, near term ewes. Unlike epidural saline injection, clonidine increased maternal and fetal serum glucose (by 178 +/- 30% and 190 +/- 30%, respectively; mean +/- SEM, P less than .01) 1 h following injection. Maternal and fetal serum cortisol and arterial blood gas tensions were unchanged following clonidine. Epidural clonidine injection produced minor decreases (10-15%) in heart rate in ewe and fetus, without altering maternal and fetal blood pressure, intra-uterine pressure, or uterine blood flow. Maternal and fetal serum clonidine concentrations peaked at 58 +/- 8 and 73 +/- 5 min following injection, respectively, and declined with similar half-lives. Heart rate correlated negatively with serum clonidine concentration in both ewe and fetus (P less than .05). Apart from hyperglycemia, which does not occur in humans, these results in sheep suggest that epidurally administered clonidine does not adversely affect the fetus and may be evaluated as an analgesic in obstetrics.
[Progress in research for pharmacological effects of Pu-erh tea]. (2017)

Pu-erh tea has gradually aroused general concern with social development and people's enhanced awareness of health. Pu-erh tea is rich in multiple active constitute such as flavonoids, catechins, phenolic acids, flavanols polymer, purine alkaloids, and hydrolysable tannin as a microbial-fermented tea.It is reported that Pu-erh tea have a variety of pharmacologically activities, such as anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral effects. In this paper, the main pharmacological effects of Pu-erh tea are reviewed. We wish this work will provide some references and clues for further research of Pu-erh tea.
Risk Factors for Adult Nosocomial Meningitis After Craniotomy Roleof Antibiotic Prophylaxis (2006)

Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, although clearly effective for the prevention of incision infections, does not prevent meningitis and tends to select prophylaxis resistant microorganisms.
Scottish Branch Laboratory Meeting, Edinburgh, 12 May 1994: Addendum (1994)

Journal Article Scottish Branch Laboratory Meeting, Edinburgh, 12 May 1994: Addendum Get access H.V. Smith, H.V. Smith 1Scottish Parasite Diagnostic Laboratory, Stobhill Hospital NHS Trust, Glasgow, G21 3UW, Scotland, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J.P.H. Burt, J.P.H. Burt 2Institute of Molecular and Biomolecular Electronics, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 1UT, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Z. Bukhari, Z. Bukhari 1Scottish Parasite Diagnostic Laboratory, Stobhill Hospital NHS Trust, Glasgow, G21 3UW, Scotland, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. Pethig, R. Pethig 2Institute of Molecular and Biomolecular Electronics, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 1UT, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Parton A. Parton 3Genera Technologies Ltd, St John's Innovation Park, Cowley Road, Cambridge, CB4 4WS, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 88, Issue 6, November-December 1994, Page 619, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(94)90196-1 Published: 01 December 1994
A 12.5 MHz CMOS continuous time bandpass filter (2003)

The authors describe a continuous-time bandpass filter integrated in a 3- mu m CMOS technology, with an f/sub 0/ of 12.5 MHz and a 2% fractional bandwidth. The four-pole filter is modeled on two L-C resonators coupled by mutual inductance, resistively terminated at the input and output for maximum power transfer. Each resonator is simulated on the IC by two tunable integrators in negative feedback and is terminated by MOS resistors to define the filter bandwidth. Regulation of f/sub 0/ is obtained by locking an oscillating, consisting of a third identical integrator pair without termination resistors, to an externally supplied reference frequency. The circuits were fabricated on a double-metal, single-polysilicon, 3- mu m CMOS IC. Operation of the chip at a 12.5-MHz center frequency was verified, showing the desired 2% fractional bandwidth.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Potential anti-osteoporotic effects of herbal extracts on osteoclasts, osteoblasts and chondrocytes in vitro (2014)

Although these extracts have been utilized in traditional Chinese medicine for hundreds of years, there are no reports to our knowledge, on their therapeutic effects in OP. In this study, we elucidate the potency of these herbal extracts as novel candidates for OP therapy.
Cancer as a complex developmental disorder--nineteenth Cornelius P. Rhoads Memorial Award Lecture. (1998)

The processes of differentiation and tumorigenesis have been long thought to be connected. The recent identification of Patched, a gene essential for Drosophila embryonic development, as a tumor suppressor has focused attention on the concept that tumorigenesis involves abnormalities of development. In fact, a large number of genes in the signalling pathway of the Patched gene are either tumor suppressors or oncogenes. This supports the concept that growth control is a critical requirement of differentiation, and that aberrant cellular development can contribute to malignancy. Whereas the identification of genes that result in dominantly inherited cancer syndromes has played a vital role in understanding cancer, the vast majority of "sporadic" cancers have properties of a complex genetic disease. Approaches to identify common alleles in cancer-associated genes promise to increase our understanding of the disease and aid the rational design of preventative and therapeutic strategies.
Detection of unexpected tones in noise: The effect of signal duration (1993)

The effect of signal duration on the detectability of unexpected tones masked by a continuous wideband noise was assessed using a probe-signal method. This method encourages the listener to attend to a target frequency by presenting the signal most often at that frequency, and only occasionally at other unexpected probe frequencies. The attention contour (percent correct as a function of probe frequency) was considerably broader with 5-ms than with 295-ms signals. However, auditory filter shapes measured using the notched-noise technique were very similar for those two signal durations, indicating that the results obtained in the attention experiments do not simply reflect peripheral frequency selectivity. Further supporting this interpretation, probe tones having the same frequency but a different duration from the target were poorly detected. It is proposed that the subject listens through a time-frequency window whose location and shape in the time-frequency plane is determined by the duration and frequency of the target. [Work supported by the NIDCD and NIH.]
Application of ontologies in tools for development of intelligent decision support systems (2011)

The tools for development of intelligent decision support systems (IDSS) are described. The role of ontologies in the tools and IDSS designed on basis of it is discussed.
Phevalin (aureusimine B)Production by Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm and Impacts on Human Keratinocyte Gene Expression (2012)

Staphylococcus aureus biofilms are associated with chronic skin infections and are orders of magnitude more resistant to antimicrobials and host responses. S. aureus contains conserved nonribosomal peptide synthetases that produce the cyclic dipeptides tyrvalin and phevalin (aureusimine A and B, respectively). The biological function of these compounds has been speculated to be involved in virulence factor gene expression in S. aureus, protease inhibition in eukaryotic cells, and interspecies bacterial communication. However, the exact biological role of these compounds is unknown. Here, we report that S. aureus biofilms produce greater amounts of phevalin than their planktonic counterparts. Phevalin had no obvious impact on the extracellular metabolome of S. aureus as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. When administered to human keratinocytes, phevalin had a modest effect on gene expression. However, conditioned medium from S. aureus spiked with phevalin amplified differences in keratinocyte gene expression compared to conditioned medium alone. Phevalin may be exploited as potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target for chronic, S. aureus biofilm-based infections.
Theoretical Study of a New Kind HTS Motor (2005)

This paper describes the design of a new kind HTS motor. Superconducting plates used as magnetic screen that cause a spatial variation of the flux density. It is theoretically possible to obtain an air gap flux density variation greater than 3 T. We perform a dimensionless study of the device showing that the torque depends on shape parameters and is limited by the maximum field on the superconducting wire. In the last section, we discuss the performance of the device in term of torque density.
Structural phase transition of the ordered fluoride CoZrF<sub>6</sub> (1990)

Abstract The first-order ferroelastic structural phase transition Fm3m ⇔ R3 occurring in CoZrF6 is studied by means of calorimetric, neutron diffraction, Raman and Brillouin scattering measurements. A phenomenological model based on Landau theory is proposed.
The surface chemistry of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, an antiwear additive, on oxidized iron and steel foils (1988)

The chemisorption and thermal chemistry of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDP) were studied on iron oxide and AISI 52100 steel substrates using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Solutions of alkyl and aryl ZDP’s in a synthetic hydrocarbon oil [poly-alpha-olefin (PAO)] were used. Surface oxide layers on both iron and steel foils were reduced to metallic iron when heated with a film of PAO on the surface. The addition of ZDP to the films prevented reduction. XPS revealed that a surface sulfate was reduced to sulfide upon heating. Several possible mechanisms for the surface antioxidant activity of ZDP are discussed. The results of this investigation suggest a new model for the antiwear activity of ZDP. ZDP prevents surface oxide reduction, maintaining an easily sheared surface layer, and thus preventing metal–metal contact and wear.
ChemInform Abstract: (19)F‐NMR‐SPEKTREN EINIGER DERIVATE VON TRIMEREM SULFANURFLUORID (1970)

Abstract Die Synthese der trimeren Sulfanurderivate (I) erfolgt nach Literaturzitaten.
A study of pre-precipitation in Al-Zn alloys with X-rays and neutrons (1971)

Al–Zn alloys of various concentrations in the final pre-precipitation stage have been studied with X-ray and neutron techniques. Reasonable agreement in absolute integrated intensities and in the characteristic parameters of the scattering pattern has been obtained. By optimizing the resolution in the neutron experiments an ordering parameter and new information on pre-precipitation-size and size distribution could be deduced from the scattering data.
An effective and practical fire-protection system (1975)

A high-performance sandwich-type fire protection system comprising a steel outer sheath and insulation combined in various configurations is described. An inherent advantage of the sheath system over coatings is that it eliminates problems of weatherability, materials strength, adhesion, and chemical attack. An experimental comparison between the protection performance of state-of-the-art coatings and the sheath system is presented, with emphasis on the protection of certain types of steel tanks for fuel storage and transport. Sheath systems are thought to be more expensive than coatings in initial implementation, although they are less expensive per year for sufficiently long applications.
In-network channel decoding using consensus on log-likelihood ratio averagesy (2008)

This paper considers the problem of distributed decoding of a coded message from a mobile access point (AP) sent to a sensor network. The distributed decoding problem is solved using a consensus algorithm on the log-likelihood ratio averages, which ensures that all sensors attain the same decision as if all received signals were available at a centralized location. Unlike existing distributed hypothesis testing problems, whose inter-sensor communication cost grows exponentially with the codeword size, the novel consensus-based distributed decoder exploits knowledge over the problem to reduce the cost to be linear. Link failures and inter-sensor communication noise are also accounted for. Analysis and simulations confirm that the resultant distributed decoder attains bit error rate performance approaching its centralized counterpart within a few iterations.
An integrated diversity and fusion framework for binary consensus over fading channels (2013)

In this paper, we consider a cooperative network that is trying to reach consensus on the occurrence of an event by communicating over not fully connected and time-invariant network topologies with fading channels. We first discuss the fusion and diversity decision-making strategies over time-invariant network topologies and shed light on the underlying trade-offs. We then propose an integrated diversity and fusion framework. Our approach properly takes advantage of both fusion to enable information flow and diversity to increase robustness to link errors. We mathematically analyze the proposed framework and show how the network achieves accurate consensus asymptotically. To show an example, we then utilize the proposed framework over regular ring lattice networks. Our theoretical and simulation results indicate that the proposed technique improves the consensus performance considerably.
Ozonolysis of cyclopentadiene derivatives. Competitive participation of [3 + 2] and [3 + 4] cycloadditions of carbonyl oxide moieties to α,β- unsaturated carbonyl groups (1993)

Reactions between cyclopenta-1, 3-dienes 1a–i and ozone, conducted in a variety of solvents including diethyl ether, pentane, CCl4, CH2Cl2, CF3CH2OH, AcOH, and MeOH, afforded predominantly monomeric ozonolysis products consisting of either bicyclic endoperoxides 5 containing a 1, 2, 4-trioxepine ring, or unsaturated bicyclic ozonides 6, or mixtures of compounds 5 and 6. From their molecular structures, the novel bicyclic endoperoxides 5 are considered to result from intramolecular recombination of the carbonyl oxide and enone moieties, generated specifically from only one of the two possible decomposition modes of the primary ozonide, via stepwise [3 + 4] cycloaddition processes. The product composition was found to be sensitive to the nature of the substituents and the substitution pattern in the cyclopentadiene substrate, and the ozonolysis solvent. In general, protic solvents tended to assist the formation of the endoperoxides 5. The isomeric peroxides 5 and 6 could, in several instances, be interconverted by treatment with acid catalysts like CF3CO2H, or even silica gel.
New tool autmoatically controls waterflood injection rates (1965)

A new, self-adjusting flow regulator now allows waterflood operators to constantly and accurately control water injection rates to individual input wells. Chief advantage of the regulator is that it automatically compensates for any unexpected changes in pump or formation pressures that might alter established injection rates. Even if pressure conditions in an injection system changed radically in a short period of time, the regulator would not require manual adjustment to maintain the previously set water flow rate. The tool may be installed in a surface manifold or line, or it can be run on wire line and set in a downhole receptacle which is made up in the injection well tubing string. One regulator is required for each input zone, and any number of zones may be flooded down a single tubing string. This article discusses operation of the tool--surface applications--and field experience.
Dynamic Performance Evaluation of a Low Cost Load Sensor (2010)

A low cost load sensor was tested for its dynamic performance for vibrating field combine loading condition for an automated soil sampler that is being designed at the University of Idaho. The sampler requires a load sensor to continuously measure the weight of the soil on board, mounted on a potato combine harvester. Two types of sensors, a low-cost load sensor (Flexiforce) and a standard load sensor were tested and their performance was evaluated. Flexiforce sensor was found to be more susceptible to external electrical noise than its expensive counterpart. However, the performance of the flexiforce was comparable to the high end load sensor after filtering the noise.
Assessment of Autonomic Control and Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Using Point Process Models of Human Heart Beat Dynamics (2009)

Tracking the autonomic control and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) from electrocardiogram and respiratory measurements is an important problem in cardiovascular control. We propose a point process adaptive filter algorithm based on an inverse Gaussian model to track heart beat intervals that incorporates respiratory measurements as a covariate and provides an analytic form for computing a dynamic estimate of RSA gain. We use Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and autocorrelation function analyses to assess model goodness-of-fit. We illustrate the properties of the new dynamic estimate of RSA in the analysis of simulated heart beat data and actual heart beat data recorded from subjects in a four-state postural study of heart beat dynamics: control, sympathetic blockade, parasympathetic blockade, and combined sympathetic and parasympathetic blockade. In addition to giving an accurate description of the heart beat data, our adaptive filter algorithm confirms established findings pointing at a vagally mediated RSA and provides a new dynamic RSA estimate that can be used to track cardiovascular control between and within a broad range of postural, pharmacological, and age conditions. Our paradigm suggests a possible framework for designing a device for ambulatory monitoring and assessment of autonomic control in both laboratory research and clinical practice.
Quantum Stripe Ordering in Optical Lattices (2006)

We predict the robust existence of a novel quantum orbital stripe order in the p-band Bose-Hubbard model of two-dimensional triangular optical lattices with cold bosonic atoms. An orbital angular momentum moment is formed on each site exhibiting a stripe order both in the superfluid and Mott-insulating phases. The stripe order spontaneously breaks time-reversal, lattice translation, and rotation symmetries. In addition, it induces staggered plaquette bond currents in the superfluid phase. Possible signatures of this stripe order in the time of flight experiment are discussed.