gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heart Transplantation: A Thirty-Year Perspective (2002)

Heart transplantation has evolved over the past 30 years into a mainstay of therapy for heart failure patients. As the surgical technique and basic immunology were defined, heart transplantation became a real therapeutic option. Over the next few decades, thoracic transplant teams at Stanford University and other institutions refined this mode of therapy. This review addresses the history, current surgical technique, recipient and donor selection, postoperative care, immunosuppression, short- and long-term complications, and clinical outcomes associated with this procedure.
FPGA-based pedestrian detection under strong distortions (2015)

Pedestrian detection is one of the most popular computer vision challenges in the automotive, security and domotics industries, with several new approaches and benchmarks proposed every year. All of them typically consider the pedestrians in a standing pose, but this assumption is not always applicable. It is the case of embedded camera systems used for crowd monitoring or in driving assistance systems for big vehicles maneuvering. Such systems are commonly installed as higher as possible and make use of fish-eye lenses to provide a top and wide field of view. Actually, such configurations introduce both perspective and optical distortions in the image that, even when corrected, still provide stretched silhouettes that can hardly be detected by cutting-edge pedestrian detection algorithms. In this paper we focus on this scenario, showing (a) that one of the most effective models for pedestrian detection, that is the Deformable Part Model (DPM), can be efficiently implemented in FPGA to dramatically speed up the computation, and (b) how it can be modified for dealing with highly distorted pictures of humans. The resulting framework, dubbed Deformable Part Model for Local Spatial Deformations (DPM-LSD), gives convincing figure of merits in terms of accuracy and throughput, on a new top-view fish-eye based pedestrian dataset (dubbed Fish-Eyed Pedestrians), also comparing with widely-used competitors (standard DPM and Dalal-Triggs).
Decreased Bioavailability of Sustained Release Acetazolamide Dosage Forms (1978)

Bioequivalence comparisons of two sustained release and an immediate release acetazolamide dosage form performed in normal human volunteers (n = 18) demonstrated a large statistical difference between the preparations. The sustained release dosage forms were 40-70% less available than the rapid release form based on comparisons of AUC data. Plasma level data from subjects given a suspension of acetazolamide yielded a biological half-life of 8.5 (± 2.54) hours which is twice that reported previously. A comparison of the AUC data and dissolution profiles generated for each dosage form showed a rank order correlation when a pH 1.2 dissolution fluid was used; however, correlation was not evident when the dissolution media was exchanged for pH 4.5 or 7.3 dissolution media.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and X‐Ray Structure of the First Unsymmetric Macrocycle Containing Three Inequivalent Phosphorus Atoms. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Benzo‐ and indoloquinolizines: X—application of carbon‐13 n.m.r. to the stereochemistry of the 4b,5,6,7,8,8a,10,11,16,16b‐decahydrodibenz[<i>f</i>,<i>h</i>]indolo[2,3‐<i>a</i>]quinolizine isomers (1976)

Abstract The carbon‐13 n.m.r. spectra of three isomers of 4b, 5,6,7,8,8a,10,11,16,16b‐decahydrodibenz[ f , h ]indolo[2,3‐ a ]quinolizine were interpreted with the aid of the 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,10b‐octahydro‐6‐phenylphenanthridines and the 2‐phenylcylohexylamines. The configuration and the conformation of these compounds can be determined from the chemical shift values.
Spin-Wave Approach to Two-Magnon Raman Scattering in a Simple Antiferromagnet (1971)

A spin-wave theory of two-magnon Raman scattering for a simple antiferromagnet at low temperatures is presented. The treatment is based on the Dyson-Maleev boson representation of the localized spin operators. At zero temperature, the theory yields results for the Raman cross section which are in excellent agreement with those which obtain from the Green's-function equation-of-motion method developed by Elliott and Thorpe. In the present theory, we derive an approximate cross-section formula in terms of renormalized one-magnon propagators and a vertex function which satisfies a general Bethe-Salpeter equation. Taking into consideration the lowest-order interaction processes, it is found that the experimentally observed shift of the Raman peak to lower energies with increasing temperature can satisfactorily be accounted for. However, it is also found that this lowest-order theory is inadequate for explaining the observed thermal broadening of the Raman spectra. The possibility that the observed broadening is due to damping of the one-magnon states is examined using a phenomenological width $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ for a zone-edge magnon. It is found that the necessary width is surprisingly large, although more accurate calculations of the damping of a zone-edge magnon are needed to eliminate this possibility. Higher-order irreducible vertex corrections in the two-magnon Bethe-Salpeter equation are also considered. An approximate cross-section formula which includes these higher-order corrections is obtained using a variational principle. The effect of these corrections on the Raman line shape has not yet been determined.
Growth Arrest of BCR-ABL Positive Cells with a Sequence-Specific Polyamide-Chlorambucil Conjugate (2008)

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by the presence of a constitutively active Abl kinase, which is the product of a chimeric BCR-ABL gene, caused by the genetic translocation known as the Philadelphia chromosome. Imatinib, a selective inhibitor of the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase, has significantly improved the clinical outcome of patients with CML. However, subsets of patients lose their response to treatment through the emergence of imatinib-resistant cells, and imatinib treatment is less durable for patients with late stage CML. Although alternative Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been developed to overcome drug resistance, a cocktail therapy of different kinase inhibitors and additional chemotherapeutics may be needed for complete remission of CML in some cases. Chlorambucil has been used for treatment of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's disease. Here we report that a DNA sequence-specific pyrrole-imidazole polyamide-chlorambucil conjugate, 1R-Chl, causes growth arrest of cells harboring both unmutated BCR-ABL and three imatinib resistant strains. 1R-Chl also displays selective toxicities against activated lymphocytes and a high dose tolerance in a murine model.
Variable neural adaptive robust observer for uncertain systems (2011)

The design of variable neural adaptive robust observer is proposed for the state estimation of a class of uncertain systems. The proposed observer incorporates a variable-structure radial basis function (RBF) network to approximate unknown system dynamics. The RBF network can determine its structure on-line dynamically by adding or removing RBFs. The observer gain matrix is obtained by solving an optimization problem subject to linear matrix inequalities. The structure variation of the RBF network is taken into account in the stability analysis through the use of the piecewise quadratic Lyapunov function. The effectiveness of the proposed observer is illustrated with a simulation example.
Chinese Herbal Medicine for Hyperlipidaemia: A Review Based on Data Mining from 1990 to 2016 (2017)

CHM shows positive effect in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia and has the potential to be used in combination with conventional drugs. However, their use should be demonstrated in highquality clinical trials and clinicians should pay attention to potential herb-drug interactions.
Maize Unstable factor for orange1 Is Required for Maintaining Silencing Associated with Paramutation at the pericarp color1 and booster1 Loci (2012)

To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying paramutation, we examined the role of Unstable factor for orange1 (Ufo1) in maintaining paramutation at the maize pericarp color1 (p1) and booster1 (b1) loci. Genetic tests revealed that the Ufo1-1 mutation disrupted silencing associated with paramutation at both p1 and b1. The level of up regulation achieved at b1 was lower than that at p1, suggesting differences in the role Ufo1-1 plays at these loci. We characterized the interaction of Ufo1-1 with two silenced p1 epialleles, P1-rr' and P1-pr(TP), that were derived from a common P1-rr ancestor. Both alleles are phenotypically indistinguishable, but differ in their paramutagenic activity; P1-rr' is paramutagenic to P1-rr, while P1-pr(TP) is non-paramutagenic. Analysis of cytosine methylation revealed striking differences within an enhancer fragment that is required for paramutation; P1-rr' exhibited increased methylation at symmetric (CG and CHG) and asymmetric (CHH) sites, while P1-pr(TP) was methylated only at symmetric sites. Both silenced alleles had higher levels of dimethylation of lysine 9 on histone 3 (H3K9me2), an epigenetic mark of silent chromatin, in the enhancer region. Both epialleles were reactivated in the Ufo1-1 background; however, reactivation of P1-rr' was associated with dramatic loss of symmetric and asymmetric cytosine methylation in the enhancer, while methylation of up-regulated P1-pr(TP) was not affected. Interestingly, Ufo1-1-mediated reactivation of both alleles was accompanied with loss of H3K9me2 mark from the enhancer region. Therefore, while earlier studies have shown correlation between H3K9me2 and DNA methylation, our study shows that these two epigenetic marks are uncoupled in the Ufo1-1-reactivated p1 alleles. Furthermore, while CHH methylation at the enhancer region appears to be the major distinguishing mark between paramutagenic and non-paramutagenic p1 alleles, H3K9me2 mark appears to be important for maintaining epigenetic silencing.
Functional Dissection of Transcription Factor ZBRK1 Reveals Zinc Fingers with Dual Roles in DNA-binding and BRCA1-dependent Transcriptional Repression (2004)

The breast- and ovarian-specific tumor suppressor BRCA1 has been implicated in both activation and repression of gene transcription by virtue of its direct interaction with sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factors. However, the mechanistic basis by which BRCA1 mediates the transcriptional activity of these regulatory proteins remains largely unknown. To clarify this issue, we have examined the functional interaction between BRCA1 and ZBRK1, a BRCA1-dependent KRAB eight zinc finger transcriptional repressor. We report here the identification and molecular characterization of a portable BRCA1-dependent transcriptional repression domain within ZBRK1 composed of zinc fingers 5-8 along with sequences in the unique ZBRK1 C terminus. This C-terminal repression domain functions in a BRCA1-, histone deacetylase-, and promoter-specific manner and is thus functionally distinguishable from the N-terminal KRAB repression domain in ZBRK1, which exhibits no BRCA1 dependence and broad promoter specificity. Significantly, we also find that the BRCA1-dependent transcriptional repression domain on ZBRK1 includes elements that modulate its sequence-specific DNA binding activity. These findings thus reveal the presence within ZBRK1 of functionally bipartite zinc fingers with dual roles in sequence-specific DNA-binding and BRCA1-dependent transcriptional repression. We discuss the implications of these findings for the role of BRCA1 as ZBRK1 co-repressor.
Comparing the mathematical models of Lighthill to the performance of a biomimetic fish (2008)

The mathematical models for the performance of aquatic animals developed by M Lighthill are compared with the experimental performance of a biomimetic fish. The equations developed by Lighthill are evaluated at steady-state conditions. Equilibrium velocity and mechanical efficiency are calculated using Lighthill's mathematical model and compared with experimental results. In both cases, a pattern is found wherein an optimum combination of tail frequency and amplitude maximizes equilibrium velocity. Differences between the theoretical and experimental results are attributed to mechanical limitations in the drive train.
Efficacy and safety of iron-chelation therapy with deferoxamine, deferiprone, and deferasirox for the treatment of iron-loaded patients with nontransfusion-dependent thalassemia syndromes (2016)

Author’s reply George J Kontoghiorghes Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, Limassol, Cyprus There are many murky areas and marketing, legal, ethical, and other conflicts in the pharmaceutical industry, some of which involve physicians and academics. These activities and related ethical issues affect the safety and treatment of millions of patients. 1–11 Irregular and sometimes illegal activities for new patented drugs carried out by pharmaceutical companies, such as secrecy agreements with academics/academic institutions, can lead to biased reporting of the results of clinical trials and cover ups or underreporting of toxic side effects, as well as doctor’s bribes, irregularities in drug pricing, corruption of the drug regulatory authorities, influential medical journals and patient organizations, etc. 1–11 The commercial influence and drug marketing tactics by pharmaceutical companies in the case of deferasirox affect the safety and long-term survival of thousands of thalassemia and other categories of transfused patients. 11–14 View the original paper by Kontoghiorghe and Kontoghiorghes.
Automatic NMO correction and velocity estimation by a feedforward neural network (1998)

Abstract We describe a new method of automatic normal moveout (NMO) correction and velocity analysis that combines a feedforward neural network (FNN) with a simulated annealing technique known as very fast simulated annealing (VFSA). The task of the FNN is to map common midpoint (CMP) gathers at control locations along a 2-D seismic line into seismic velocities within predefined velocity search limits. The network is trained while the velocity analysis is performed at the selected control locations. The method minimizes a cost function defined in terms of the NMO-corrected data. Network weights are updated at each iteration of the optimization process using VFSA. Once the control CMP gathers have been properly NMO corrected, the derived weights are used to interpolate results at the intermediate CMP locations. In practical situations in which lateral velocity variations are expected, the method is applied in spatial data windows, each window being defined by a separate FNN. The method is illustrated with synthetic data and a real marine data set from the Carolina Trough area.
An Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of Cascarillic Acid (2006)

An efficient six-step asymmetric synthesis of the cyclopropane containing natural product cascarillic acid in 41% overall yield is described. The key synthetic steps involve the use of a temporary stereogenic hydroxyl group to control the facial selectivity of a directed cyclopropanation reaction and its subsequent removal via a retro-aldol reaction.
Re-Encryption-Based Key Management Towards Secure and Scalable Mobile Applications in Clouds. (2011)

Abstract—Cloud computing confers strong economic advantages, but many clients are reluctant to implicitly trust a third-party cloud provider. To address these security concerns, data may be transmitted and stored in encrypted form. Major challenges exist concerning the aspects of the generation, distribution, and usage of encryption keys in cloud systems, such as the safe location of keys, and serving the recent trend of users that tend to connect to contemporary cloud applications using resource-constrained mobile devices in extremely large numbers simultaneously; these characteristics lead to difficulties in achieving efficient and highly scalable key management. In this work, a model for key distribution based on the principle of dynamic data re-encryption is applied to a cloud computing system in a unique way to address the demands of a mobile device environment, including limitations on client wireless data usage, storage capacity, processing power, and battery life. The proposed cloud-based re-encryption model is secure, efficient, and highly scalable in a cloud computing context, as keys are managed by the client for trust reasons, processor-intensive data re-encryption is handled by the cloud provider, and key redistribution is minimized to conserve communication costs on mobile devices. A versioning history mechanism effectively manages keys for a continuously changing user population. Finally, an implementation on commercial mobile and cloud platforms is used to validate the performance of the model. Keywords-Distributed systems, mobile computing, security. I.
No Evidence for Association of β‐Defensin Genomic Copy Number with HIV Susceptibility, HIV Load during Clinical Latency, or Progression to AIDS (2017)

Common single-nucleotide variation in the host accounts for 25% of the variability in the plasma levels of HIV during the clinical latency stage (viral load set point). However, the role of rare variants and copy number variants remains relatively unexplored. Previous work has suggested copy number variation of a cluster of β-defensin genes affects HIV load in treatment-naïve sub-Saharan Africans and rate of response to antiretroviral treatment. Here we analyse a total of 1827 individuals from two cohorts of HIV-infected individuals from Europe and sub-Saharan Africa to investigate the role of β-defensin copy number variation on HIV load at set point. We find no evidence for association of copy number with viral load. We also compare distribution of β-defensin copy number between European cases and controls and find no differences, arguing against a role of β-defensin copy number in HIV acquisition. Taken together, our data argue against an effect of copy number variation of the β-defensin region in the spontaneous control of HIV infection.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF BICYCLO(3.2.1)OCTA‐2,6‐DIENE WITH 1,2,4‐TRIAZOLINE‐3,5‐DIONES: COMPETITIVE DIPOLAR AND HOMOCYCLOADDITION (1982)

Abstract Das bicyclische Dien (I) addiert die Triazolindione (II) zum Homocycloaddukt (III) und den Urazolen (IV) und (V); alle Produkte gehen bei ihrer oxidativen Hydrolyse in die entsprechenden Azoalkane wie z.B. (VI) über.
Report on MD5 Performance (1995)

MD5 is an authentication algorithm, which has been proposed as the default authentication option in IPv6. When enabled, the MD5 algorithm operates over the entire data packet, including header. This RFC addresses how fast MD5 can be implemented in software and hardware, and whether it supports currently available IP bandwidth. MD5 can be implemented in existing hardware technology at 256 Mbps, and in software at 87 Mbps. These rates cannot support current IP rates, e.g., 100 Mbps TCP and 130 Mbps UDP over ATM. If MD5 cannot support existing network bandwidth using existing technology, it will not scale as network speeds increase in the future. This RFC is intended to alert the IP community about the performance limitations of MD5, and to suggest that alternatives be considered for use in high speed IP implementations.
A Comparative Study on the Effects of Domperidone, Metoclopramide, Clebopride and Trimebutine on the Gastro-Duodenal Preparation of the Guinea Pig (1985)

domperidone, clebopride, metoclopramide and trimebutine exert distinct and diverse effects on the motility parameters of the gastroduodenal preparation of the guinea pig. These diverging actions may help explain the differences in patients' responsiveness to the treatment of digestive disorders such as dyspepsia or gastritis.
Experiments in radar range resolution enhancement by digital inverse filtering (1975)

The feasibility of enhancing radar range resolution by digital inverse filtering is discussed. Limitations of using either a Biomation Model 8100 transient recorder or a Tektronix Model R7912 transient recorder in digitizing radar IF waveforms are discussed. A new form of digital inverse filter, the bandwidth expansion filter, is discussed and the results of computer simulation and hardware experiments using this filtering technique are presented. Three different techniques for real time implementation of inverse filtering are discussed.
Role of the Novel OprD Family of Porins in Nutrient Uptake in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2005)

To circumvent the permeability barrier of its outer membrane, Pseudomonas aeruginosa has evolved a series of specific porins. These channels have binding sites for related classes of molecules that facilitate uptake under nutrient-limited conditions. Here, we report on the identification of a 19-member family of porins similar to the basic-amino-acid-specific porin OprD. The members of this family fell into one of two phylogenetically distinct clusters, one bearing high similarity to OprD and the other bearing most similarity to the putative phenylacetic acid uptake porin PhaK of Pseudomonas putida. Analysis of the genome context, operon arrangement, and regulation of the PhaK-like porin OpdK indicated that it might be involved in vanillate uptake. This result was confirmed by demonstrating that an opdK mutant had a deficiency in the ability to grow on vanillate as a carbon source. To extrapolate these data to other paralogues within this family, the substrate specificities of 6 of the 17 remaining OprD homologues were inferred using an approach similar to that used with opdK. The specificities determined were as follows: OpdP, glycine-glutamate; OpdC, histidine; OpdB, proline; OpdT, tyrosine; OpdH, cis-aconitate; and OpdO, pyroglutamate. Thus, members of the OprD subfamily took up amino acids and related molecules, and those characterized members most similar to PhaK were responsible for the uptake of a diverse array of organic acids. These results imply that there is a functional basis for the phylogenetic clustering of these proteins and provide a framework for studying OprD homologues in other organisms.
Purification and structural characterization of intact and fragmented nidogen obtained from a tumor basement membrane (1986)

Extraction of a basement-membrane-producing mouse tumor with 6 M guanidine/HCl in the presence of protease inhibitors allowed the purification of the genuine form of the matrix protein nidogen (Mr = 150,000) and, in addition, two defined fragments (Mr = 130,000 and 100,000). Smaller fragments (Mr = 80,000 and 40,000) were obtained under conditions with less stringent control of endogenous proteolysis. Intact nidogen and the larger fragments were similar in amino acid and carbohydrate (about 5%) composition, the presence of a single polypeptide chain, conformational features as revealed by CD spectroscopy and all shared major epitopes located on the Mr = 80,000 fragment. Additional epitopes were found on intact nidogen and the Mr = 130,000 fragment. Nidogen and the various fragments possess different N-terminal amino acid sequences indicating a stepwise degradation from the N-terminal end of the molecule. Electron microscopical and hydrodynamic studies of the Mr = 80,000 fragment demonstrated a structure consisting of a globular head connected to a thin tail. Intact nidogen appears to contain a somewhat larger globule but the same tail, which is terminated at its opposite end by a second, smaller globular structure. The data suggest a multidomain structure for nidogen containing sites highly susceptible to proteolytic cleavage.