gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Packet size optimization in wireless sensor network using cross-layer design approach (2014)

In this paper, our aim is to obtain optimum size of data packet for wireless communication. Because of limited energy of each source, we try to reduce an energy consumption by packet size optimization. There are several issues in variable packet size such as hardware limitations, additional overhead and resource management cost issue, so we use fixed packet size optimization. In the context of energy constrained sensor nodes, the energy consumption of starting transients can be quite large. Energy consumption in speed-up energy and start-up energy are more than energy consumption of the data aggregation. If the number of start-up increases then total energy required is more for sent data from sender to receiver. Hence, packet size affects energy consumption. Using binary BCH codes, it is possible to significantly improve the energy efficiency. When ARQ and FEC are considered, for higher values of signal to noise ratio (SNR) threshold, ARQ apparently exceeds the FEC codes but for lower SNR threshold values, the energy consumption can be decreased using FEC codes. However, longer packet sizes are less energy consumption per useful bit upon adequate link quality is guaranteed. But when an insufficient link quality then we have to choose small packet size due to increase reliability. In this paper, we have used routing based on number of affecting parameters like signal to noise ratio, distance between sources and sink along with left over energy level of nodes. We considered the concept of left over energy level of nodes that results in a step towards the increase lifetime of network. Finally, our goal is to optimize packet length with decreased energy consumption per bit and increased network lifetime. Furthermore, an optimization of packet is determined based on objective function, i.e., packet throughput and energy function.
Enhanced corrugated QWIP performance using dielectric coverage (2000)

We report here the effect of dielectric/metal coverage on the performance of the corrugated quantum well infrared photodetectors (C-QWIP) in two wavelength regimes. We found that with proper dielectrics, both the detector dark current and the spectral responsivity can he improved upon the monitoring 45/spl deg/ edge coupled QWIP. In the 8 /spl mu/m regime, the normalized responsivity of a Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ covered C-QWIP was found to be improved by 3.3 times. In the 14 /spl mu/m regime, the improvement is a factor of 1.8 using Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ coverage and a factor of 2.5 using SiO/sub 2/ coverage.
Titration of Elemental Sulfur with Solutions of Sodium Cyanide (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTitration of Elemental Sulfur with Solutions of Sodium CyanideD. A. Skoog and J. K. BartlettCite this: Anal. Chem. 1955, 27, 3, 369–371Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60099a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60099a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views243Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A metrical study of the laryngeal skeleton in adult Nigerians. (1990)

Laryngeal cartilages were studied in 40 dissection room specimens of adult age groups ranging from 17 to 50 years in both the sexes. Various dimensions of the laryngeal skeleton were measured and statistical analysis of the data for male and female were evaluated separately. Conspicuous and highly significant differences of the dimensions between male and female laryngeal cartilages were observed. The incidence of the cuneiform cartilage and cartilago triticea was greater in the female than in the male.
Effect of cooling rates on sinter- hardened steels (2009)

Purpose: Purpose of this paper was to evaluate the differences between rapid, medium and low cooling rates on three systems and also to study cooling mechanism of known materials. Design/methodology/approach: Two different systems have been tested in order to investigate how the cooling rates influence on the microstructure and properties. The powders used in the present invention are pre-alloyed iron-base powders containing low amounts of chromium and molybdenum. The amount of graphite that was admixed to the iron-base powder was 0.6% and lubricant 0.75%. The amount of graphite which is mixed with the iron-base powder is 0.6% and lubricant is 0.75%. Green compact were sintered in a vacuum furnace at 1120oC for 30 minutes in vacuum atmosphere and rapidly cooled in nitrogen with three different rates: rapid cooling (7oC/s) and medium cooling (1.6oC/s), slow cooling (0.3oC/s). Next the samples were tempered in vacuum in the same furnace at 200oC for 60 minutes and then were cooled to room temperature in nitrogen, with the exception of slow cooling cycle. Findings: The effect of cooling and applied sintering were studied in terms of mechanical properties, hardness and wear resistance. The results achieved after the investigation sinter-hardened steels with low carbon content proved that applied process of sintering and different cooling rates brought expected outcome. Practical implications: According to the powders characteristic, the applied rapid and medium cooling rate seems to be a good compromise for mechanical properties and microstructure, nevertheless further tests should be carried out in order to examine different cooling rates. Originality/value: The effect of cooling rates on mechanical properties of pre-alloyed Astaloy CrL and CrM powders was investigated.
Sulindac has strong antifibrotic effects by suppressing <scp>STAT</scp>3‐related miR‐21 (2015)

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a disease with an unknown cause and a poor prognosis. In this study, we aimed to explore the pathogenesis of PF and the mechanism of sulindac in attenuating bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF. The rat PF model was induced by BLM and verified through histological studies and hydroxyproline assay. The severity of BLM-induced PF in rats and other effects, such as the extent of the wet lung to bw ratios, thickening of alveolar interval or collagen deposition, was obviously ameliorated in sulindac-treated rat lungs compared with BLM-induced lungs. Sulindac also reversed the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inhibited the PF process by restoring the levels of E-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) in A549 cells. Our results further demonstrated that the above effects of sulindac might be related to regulating of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) expression, which further affects signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) and phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) levels. Moreover, higher miR-21 levels with the decreased E-cadherin and increased α-SMA expressions were found in transforming growth factor-β1-treated A549 cells, which can be reversed by sulindac. Collectively, our results demonstrate that by decreasing IFN-γ-induced STAT3/p-STAT3 expression to down-regulate miR-21, sulindac could significantly reverse EMT in A549 cells and prevent BLM-induced PF.
Integrating Noninteractive Document Processors into an Interactive Environment (1987)

Abstract : Conventional document preparation involving noninteractive processors is usually carried out in an unintegrated fashion. This paper describes an integrated environment based on a host of TEX related processors, using the interactive text editor EMACS as its backbone. The major focus of our design is to derive a class of simple and clean abstractions which result in a generic document structure that applies across various TEX dialects. From the user's point of view, the notion of dialects is hidden. There are only few object types to deal with. All external programs are controlled at the editor top level and the user interface is coherent and straightforward. The resulting environment has been widely used and has proved very effective in improving user productivity. Keywords: Formatting, indexing, UNIX operating system.
The effect of fission spikes on fission gas re-solution (1973)

Abstract The atomic collision model of fission gas re-solution has been refined by calculating the temperature dependence of the re-solution parameter η. In this way it is shown that the atomic collision model is valid only at T ≳ 400°C whereas in oxide fuels at T ≲ 1000°C a new and more effective re-solution mechanism operates. As a new mechanism in oxide fuels the interaction of fission gas bubbles of diameters up to 500 Å with the hydrostatic pressure component of the thermoelastic stress field of fission spikes is proposed and its efficiency in the temperature range 200°C ≲ T ≲ 2200°C is discussed qualitatively. In contrast to oxides this mechanism is absent in carbide and nitride fuels and hence practically negligible fission gas re-solution should exist in these fuels at higher temperatures.
El clima urbano: aspectos generales y su aplicación en el área de Madrid (2012)

La ciudad constituye la forma mas radical de transformacion del paisaje natural, pues su impacto no se limita a cambiar la morfologia del terreno, sino que ademas modifica las condiciones climaticas y ambientales. El asfalto, los edificios y el trazado de la red viaria modifican los balances de radiacion entre el suelo y el aire, reducen la evaporacion, au mentan la escorrentia superficial y disminuyen la velocidad del viento a la vez que aumenta la turbulencia. Todo ello se traduce en un aire altamente contaminado y la aparicion de un clima urbano caracteristico, cuyo rasgo mas destacable es el aumento de las temperaturas en relacion a las areas suburbanas. La isla de calor urbana o UHI (Urban Heat Island) es el concepto que mejor define el clima urbano y en cualquier ciudad se pueden distinguir dos tipos: la primera, denominada isla de calor atmosferica, representa las diferencias en la temperatura del aire entre las zonas ur banas y las rurales; la segunda, denominada isla de calor su perficial, indica las diferencias termicas entre las superficies artificiales (pavimento, aceras, tejados de los edificios, etc.) y las naturales (vegetacion, cultivos, roquedo). El inicio de la moderna climatologia urbana se situa a co mienzos del XIX, cuando Howard publica en 1818 su obra sobre el clima de Londres deducido de observaciones meteorologicas y se consolida tras la publicacion de la obra Das Stadtklima (Kratz, 1937) de caracter general y la de Chandler sobre el clima de Londres, treinta anos posterior. En Espana los estudios de clima urbano no se inician de forma sistematica hasta bien entrado el siglo XX. En 1984 se pu blico el primer estudio sobre el clima urbano de Ma drid por un grupo de geografos de la Universidad Autonoma de Ma drid y del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. En la actualidad la climatologia urbana es una de las ra mas mas dinamicas de la moderna climatologia debido, por un lado, al perfeccionamiento de las tecnicas de observacion y al empleo de la teledeteccion y los SIG como herramienta de integracion y analisis; por otro, a la importancia de las ciudades en los problemas ambientales actuales: la po blacion urbana representa mas del 50% de la poblacion total y, aunque el area ocupada por las ciudades, apenas re presenta el 2% de la superficie del planeta, consumen mas del 75% de los recursos naturales y de ellas proceden mas del 80% de las emisiones de gases a la atmosfera. Todo ello ha convertido a las ciudades en las zonas mas vulnerables a los impactos negativos del calentamiento global y piezas claves en las politicas para frenar el calentamiento y mitigar sus impactos.
Processes for Assessing the Thermal Stability of Han-Based Liquid Propellants. Revision (1990)

Liquid Propellants containing hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) react with metallic and non-metallic impurities. Two tests were developed to monitor gas evolution during storage at 90 C in 5-cc sealed glass ampoules or 3-cc glass containers fitted with miniature pressure transducers. Time to bursting of the ampoule or to a specific pressure in the container are the data obtained. The propellant's stability is dependent on pH with 2.1 being optimum. The effects of numerous metals, both as elements and ions, and plastics on the stability of LGP1846 are examined. Iron, copper, and vanadium ions caused the most reaction, and vanadium shows an effect at concentrations as low as 0.5 ppm. Magnesium, zinc, and manganese ions had no effect in storage life by this test criterion. Of the 30 metals and alloys investigated, 2 gunmetals and 3 stainless steels were subject to pronounced attack, but gold, silver, and tantalum remain unaffected. Keywords: Liquid propellants, HAN, Decomposition, Thermal stability, Stabilizers, Chemical analysis, Glass ampoules, Storage life. (jes)
Data-aided synchronization of coherent CPM-receivers (1992)

By means of a signal representation in a signal space spanned by a few time-limited exponential basis-functions, and data-aided maximum-likelihood techniques, novel methods for the joint and nonjoint estimation of carrier-phase and symbol-timing for general coherent CPM (continuous phase modulation) receivers are proposed. The estimators are quite simple, especially in obtaining symbol-timing. Simulation results show that synchronizers using such estimation structures exhibit an excellent steady-state behavior. Whereas a fast acquisition of the carrier-phase is always possible, joint synchronizer loops tend to hang up for CPM-schemes with partial response signaling. Several ways to overcome the hang-up problem are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dealing with the Inventory Risk. A solution to the market making problem (2011)

Market makers continuously set bid and ask quotes for the stocks they have under consideration. Hence they face a complex optimization problem in which their return, based on the bid-ask spread they quote and the frequency at which they indeed provide liquidity, is challenged by the price risk they bear due to their inventory. In this paper, we consider a stochastic control problem similar to the one introduced by Ho and Stoll and formalized mathematically by Avellaneda and Stoikov. The market is modeled using a reference price $S_t$ following a Brownian motion with standard deviation $σ$, arrival rates of buy or sell liquidity-consuming orders depend on the distance to the reference price $S_t$ and a market maker maximizes the expected utility of its P&L over a finite time horizon. We show that the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations associated to the stochastic optimal control problem can be transformed into a system of linear ordinary differential equations and we solve the market making problem under inventory constraints. We also shed light on the asymptotic behavior of the optimal quotes and propose closed-form approximations based on a spectral characterization of the optimal quotes.
Improving the accuracy of industrial robots by offline compensation of joints errors (2012)

The use of industrial robots in many fields of industry like prototyping, pre-machining and end milling is limited because of their poor accuracy. Robot joints are mainly responsible for this poor accuracy. The flexibility of robots joints and the kinematic errors in the transmission systems produce a significant position error in the level of the end-effector. This paper presents these two types of joint errors. Identification methods are presented with experimental validation on a 6 axes industrial robot, STAUBLI RX 170 BH. An offline correction method used to improve the accuracy of this robot is validated experimentally.
UV irradiation stimulates levels of p53 cellular tumor antigen in nontransformed mouse cells. (1984)

Elevated levels of the p53 cellular tumor antigen have been previously observed in proliferating and transformed mammalian cells. We found that nontransformed mouse cells treated with either UV light or a UV-mimetic chemical carcinogen exhibited a rapid increase in the amount of p53. This stimulation can be explained, at least in part, on the basis of a post-translational stabilization of p53 which is independent of replicative DNA synthesis, consistent with p53 not being an adventitious product of proliferating cells. The results presented here are interpreted in light of the general hypothesis that p53 is involved in the preparation of mammalian cells for DNA synthesis.
Application of Magneto-Dielectric Materials in Antenna Design (2006)

In this paper, magneto-dielectric material is proposed to use for minimizing antenna size. One examle of very small antenna is presented to prove this with antenna's area of 0.078λ?×0.016λ?, and just moderate values of permittivity and permeability while the return loss can reach ?38 ㏈ at the resonant frequency. The parameters of dielectric material for that best performance are e r =1.71?j0.004, and μ r =2.39?j2.58. Besides, this material also has ability to control the trade-off between the gain and bandwidth while keeping the antenna size unchanged.
Identification of sequence elements that confer cell-type-specific control of MF alpha 1 expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1987)

The MF alpha 1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a major structural gene for mating pheromone alpha factor, is an alpha-specific gene whose expression is regulated by the mating-type locus. To study the role of sequences upstream of MF alpha 1 in its expression and regulation, we generated two sets of promoter deletions: upstream deletions and internal deletions. By analyzing these deletions, we have identified a TATA box and two closely related, tandemly arranged upstream activation sites as necessary elements for MF alpha 1 expression. Two upstream activation sites were located ca. 300 and 250 base pairs upstream of the MF alpha 1 transcription start points, which were also determined in this study. Each site contained a homologous 22-base-pair sequence, and both sites were required for maximum transcription level. The distance between the upstream activation sites and the transcription start points could be altered without causing loss of transcription efficiency, and the sites were active in either orientation with respect to the coding region. These elements conferred cell type-specific expression on a heterologous promoter. Analysis with host mating-type locus mutants indicates that these sequences are the sites through which the MAT alpha 1 product exerts its action to activate the MF alpha 1 gene. Homologous sequences with these elements were found in other alpha-specific genes, MF alpha 2 and STE3, and may mediate activation of this set of genes by MAT alpha 1.
원보 : 강간제로 사용된 생약의 조사연구 ( IV ) 보간성 생약 차전자의 성분 분리 및 약리연구 (1980)

Water fractions prepared from Plantaginis Semen and Plantaginis Folium exhibited both significant liver-protective activities against CCl₄ intoxication. Aucubin, an iridoid glycoside, isolated from both leaves and seeds of Plantago asiatica(Plantaginaceae) also showed potent liver protective activities against the animal model of hepatitis induced by CCl₄ intoxication.
Studies on Food Additives. VI. Metabolism of 2, 6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT) in a Rabbit. (1). Determination and Paper Chromatography of a Metabolite. (1962)

Metabolism of the antioxidant, 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), was studied in a rabbit. After administration of 0.5g./kg. of BHT by mouth, 37.5% of it was excreted as glucuronides, 16.7% as ethereal sulfates, and 6.8% as free phenols. α-Hydroxy-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4, 4'-ethylenebis (2, 6-di-tert-butylphenol) were identified by paper chromatography from the rabbit urine 24 hours after the administration of 0.5g./kg. of BHT. Unchanged BHT was isolated from the feces, but not from the urine.
Intracranial Aneurysms Coiling With Matrix (2008)

Matrix coils provided no better recanalization rates than those reported previously for bare platinum coils.
Anomalous, short‐term influx of water into seepage meters (1989)

Laboratory and field tests revealed that there was an anomalous, short‐term influx of water into plastic bags after they were attached to seepage meters. Plastic bags (3.5‐liter capacity) were submerged in an 830‐liter tank of stagnant water; within 45 min, the volume of water in bags that initially were empty increased to 297 ml, bags prefilled with 1,000 and 2,000 ml of water increased by 160 ml, and bags prefilled with 3,000 ml decreased in volume. At Narrow Lake, Alberta, the anomalous, short‐term (30 min) influx of water averaged 237 ml to bags that were initially empty, but the anomaly was effectively eliminated when bags were prefilled with 1,000 ml of water before they were attached to seepage meters. The impact of the anomaly on calculated seepage rates was greatest when seepage rates were low, e.g. 0.3 ml m −2 min −1 . The anomaly may be due to mechanical properties of the bag, and it may be alleviated by partially filling bags before they are attached to seepage meters.
Reading Engagement: A Comparison between E-Books and Traditional Print Books in an Elementary Classroom. (2011)

Electronic books (e-books) are gaining popularity for personal reading. Options for access to a large selection of book titles and “anytime/anywhere ” reading choices have added to the increased use of e-books. For this study, 22 third-grade students completed satisfaction surveys and reading comprehension tests on three separate reading sessions: one traditional print-based and two e-book titles. Indicators of reading engagement included motivation for independent reading and comprehension as measured by standardized tests on the print book and both e-books. Results showed that format was not as important as students ’ identification with setting, characters, and theme of the book. Students did, however, indicate a preference for e-books when given the option of a wide selection of titles and the freedom to choose their own e-book. Students further indicated a preference for the amenities associated with e-book reading such as pop-up definitions and pronunciations of words, automatic page turning, and the option of read-aloud narration. The authors concluded that children quickly become comfortable with e-books and welcomed the technology. However, they are not completely ready to disregard print books.
Two subspace methods to discriminate faces and clutters (2000)

Dimension reduction via linear subspace is very important in image pattern detection and recognition. This paper presents two new methods of dimension reduction and develops algorithms to locate human faces in gray-scale still images. The first technique develops eigenface subspace and eigenclutter subspace which represent faces and clutters respectively. The second technique chooses a common subspace to maximize the Bhattacharyya distance of two Gaussian distributions. Compared with the first method, the second method is more computationally efficient with slightly higher error rate. Our simulation result indicates that both methods outperform conventional template-based methods such as matched filter and eigenface methods.