gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peroxisome proliferators induce mouse liver stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 gene expression. (1996)

Peroxisome proliferators induce stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity (EC 1.14.99.5) in liver [Kawashima, Y., Hanioka, N., Matsumura, M. & Kozuka, H. (1983) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 752, 259-264]. We analyzed the changes in stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) mRNA to further define the molecular mechanism for the induction of stearoyl-CoA desaturase by peroxisome proliferators. SCD1 mRNA was analyzed from the livers of BALB/c mice that had been fed diets supplemented with clofibrate or gemfibrozil. Clofibrate was found to induce liver SCD1 mRNA levels 3-fold within 6 hr to a maximum of 22-fold in 30 hr. Gemfibrozil administration resulted in a similar induction pattern. This induction is primarily due to an increase in transcription of the SCD1 gene, as shown by nuclear run-on transcription assays and DNA deletion analysis of transfected SCD1-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase fusion genes. The cis-linked response element for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) was localized to an AGGTCA consensus sequence between base pairs -664 to -642 of the SCD1 promoter. Clofibrate-mediated induction of SCD1 mRNA was shown to be independent of polyunsaturated fatty acids, with peroxisome proliferators and arachidonic acid having opposite effects on SCD1 mRNA levels. Additionally, the activation of SCD1 mRNA by clofibrate was inhibited 77% by cycloheximide administration. Levels of liver beta-actin and albumin mRNAs were unchanged by these dietary manipulations. Our data show that hepatic SCD1 gene expression is regulated by PPARs and suggest that peroxisome proliferators and poly-unsaturated fatty acids act through distinct mechanisms.
Barrier to oxygen penetration on metal and oxide surfaces (1987)

We investigate how the initial formation of an oxide layer on a metal surface can effect the further incorporation of oxygen into the metal. In particular, we show that the formation of NbO on a Nb surface dramatically increases the potential barrier for oxygen incorporation. On Cu the formation of an oxide layer reduces the barrier. On Cr and on Ni the barriers on the metal and on the oxide are similar. It is shown that the height of the barrier can be significantly reduced by the relaxation of the atoms in the surface oxide. The gain in energy in this process is shown to depend on the magnitude of the elastic constants of the oxide on the surface. We also show that oxides which grow by Cabrera-Mott Kinetics have a barrier to oxygen penetration while others do not.
Development of Waxy Common Wheat by Haploid Breeding. (1996)

Waxy wheat cultivar with no amylose in endosperm starch has never been reported. We tried to develop waxy wheat cultivar based on a combination of partial waxy mutants lacking one and two of the three proteins by haploid method of breeding in order to raise fixed lines in a short period. We used two common wheats, Kanto 107' Iacking both the Wx-AI and Wx-BI proteins, and Bai Huo, lack-ing the Wx-DI protein. Out of 19 doubled haploid (DH) plants, 2 plants were identified as waxy genotype by iodine solution reaction and amylose content. Electrophoretic analysis did not detect the Wx protein in these waxy phenotypes. The x2 test among seeds (, glassy + fnoury seeds) collected at random for inheritance of the waxy character at F2 generation, indicated that the observed frequency was not significantly different from the expected 63:1 seregation ratio. In 1000 floury F2 seeds, however, the x2 test indicated that this frequency was significantly different from the expected 63:1 segregation ratio. Namely, waxy seeds were observed more than the expected segregation ratio in floury F2 seeds. One (C-D 1478) of two waxy wheats was similar to the male parent, 'Bai Huo' except the culm length, while the other (C-D 1479) was similar to the female parent, 'Kanto 107'.
Aberrantes p53 in tumor-benachbarten Schleimhäuten von Kopf-Hals-Tumoren ist eine mögliche molekulare Grundlage für die Feldkanzerisierung (1993)

Die Überlebensaussichten von Patienten mit Plattenepithelkarzinomen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich werden durch das Problem der Feldkanzerisierung sehr ungÜnstig belastet. Über die molekularen Grundlagen der Feldkanzerisierung im Kopf-Hals-Bereich war bisher nichts bekannt. Wir haben an einer Gruppe von Patienten eine immunhistochemische Analyse des p53-PhÄnotyps im Tumor, in tumornahen und tumorfernen SchleimhÄuten durchgefÜhrt und ihre biologische Signifikanz durch molekularbiologische Untersuchungen mit Proliferations- und Differenzierungsmarkern untermauert. Wir zeigen hier, dass bei vielen Patienten, deren primÄres Plattenepithelkarzinom ein mutiertes p53 aufweist, sogar tumorferne SchleimhÄute eine aberrante Expression des p53-Proteins zeigen. Die p53-immunreaktiven Zellen bildeten hÄufig die Spitzen frÜher dysplastischer, proliferierender LÄsionen, in anderen Fallen waren sie histologisch noch unauffÁllig. p53-immunreaktive tumorferne SchleimhÄute wurden auch bei Patienten mit p53-nichtreaktiven PrimÄrtumoren gefunden. In EinzelfÁllen wurde die immunhistochemische Prognose des Auftretens eines Zweittumors bereits bestÄtigt. Eine genetische und/oder phÄnotypische VerÄnderung im Tumorsuppressorgen p53 kann also sehr frÜh in der Tumorigenese dieser Karzinome auftreten und stellt eine wichtige molekulare Grundlage fur die Feldkanzerisierung im Kopf-Hals-Bereich dar. Die immunhistochemische Analyse des p53-Status in tumorbenachbarten SchleimhÄuten ist mÖglicherweise von klinischer Relevanz, denn sie selektioniert schon nach der Operation des PrimÄrtumors Patienten, die ein besonders hohes Risiko fiir das Auftreten von Zweittumoren tragen. Die Ergebnisse wecken die Hoffnung, dass der Prozess der Feldkanzerisierung zumindest bei p53-immunreaktiven Kopf-Hals-Tumoren wesentlich frÜher als bisher erkannt und damit die Tumornachsorge effizienter gestaltet werden kann.
Stereostructure of 8‐chloro‐5,6‐di(methoxycarbonyl)‐4,7‐dimethyl‐2‐ethoxy‐2‐phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octa‐5,7‐diene 2‐oxide (1995)

Abstract The first X‐ray structure of a phosphabicyclooctadiene, together with the NMR and mass spectral characterization of its isomers, is reported. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Signaling from an Altered Cell Wall to the Nucleus Mediates Sugar-Responsive Growth and Development in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2007)

Sugars such as glucose function as signal molecules that regulate gene expression, growth, and development in plants, animals, and yeast. To understand the molecular mechanisms of sugar responses, we isolated and characterized an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, high sugar response8 (hsr8), which enhances sugar-responsive growth and gene expression. Light-grown hsr8 plants exhibited increased starch and anthocyanin and reduced chlorophyll content in response to glucose treatment. Dark-grown hsr8 seedlings showed glucose-hypersensitive hypocotyl elongation and development. The HSR8 gene, isolated using map-based cloning, was allelic to the MURUS4 (MUR4) gene involved in arabinose synthesis. Dark-grown mur1 and mur3 seedlings also exhibited similar sugar responses to hsr8/mur4. The sugar-hypersensitive phenotypes of hsr8/mur4, mur1, and mur3 were rescued by boric acid, suggesting that alterations in the cell wall cause hypersensitive sugar-responsive phenotypes. Genetic analysis showed that sugar-hypersensitive responses in hsr8 mutants were suppressed by pleiotropic regulatory locus1 (prl1), indicating that nucleus-localized PRL1 is required for enhanced sugar responses in hsr8 mutant plants. Microarray analysis revealed that the expression of many cell wall-related and sugar-responsive genes was altered in mur4-1, and the expression of a significant proportion of these genes was restored to wild-type levels in the mur4-1 prl1 double mutant. These findings reveal a pathway that signals changes in the cell wall through PRL1 to altered gene expression and sugar-responsive metabolic, growth, and developmental changes.
Solvent and Steric Effects on the Solvolysis of Polyvinylsulfonic Acid Esters (1966)

Abstract The solvolysis of ethanesulfonic acid esters followed closely first-order kinetics, while the case of polyvinylsulfonic acid esters gave strongly-curved first-order plots according to the solvent composition. With a high acetone content, the solvolysis rates of polymeric sulfonic esters decreased gradually with the lapse of time, while in a high water content, the solvolysis was suppressed at the beginning of the reaction but was accelerated remarkably with the reaction time. The former finding indicates the release from the steric congestion which contributed to the initial rate enhancement, while the latter indicates the aggregation of the polymer molecules owing to their strong hydrophobic character. The solvolysis rates, kp, for polymeric sulfonic esters were much greater than those, km, for monomeric analogs in all cases except isopropyl and n-butyl esters in 20% aqueous acetone. The relative rate (kp/km) increased with an increase in the acetone content and was apparently greater with the methyl ester than with the other esters, and the value of (kp/km) in relation to the methyl ester in 80% acetone content reached 15. Furthermore, it was found that the proton catalysis by the neighboring sulfonic acid formed on the lapse of reaction time was absent, and also that the salt effect was negligibly small.
Integration von Produktionsdaten zur lebenszykluskostenorientierten Prozesskettenplanung (2017)

Kurzfassung In diesem Beitrag wird ein Konzept präsentiert, welches eine lebenszykluskostenorientierte Prozesskettenplanung ermöglicht. Spezialisierte Planungswerkzeuge greifen dafür auf eine integrierte Datenbasis (Planungs-, Inventar- und Live-Daten) zu. Es wird gezeigt, dass eine automatisierte Datendurchgängigkeit zwischen Fertigung und Planung mit den vorhandenen Standards OPC UA und AutomationML realisierbar ist. So können schon in der frühen Planung Energiebedarfe prognostiziert und Maschinenkomponenten dimensioniert werden, um Investitionsentscheidungen zu treffen.
Degradation of azo dyes by cell‐free extract from Pseudomonas stutzeri (1990)

The degradation of several azo dyes by the cell‐free extract from Pseudomonas stutzeri has been studied. The compounds 2‐carboxy‐4′‐dimethylaminoazobenzene, 4‐carboxy‐4′‐dimethylaminoazobenzene, 2‐carboxy 4′‐die thy lam inoazobenzene, 2‐met hoxycarbonyl‐4′‐dime t h y lam inoazobenzene, 4‐dime t h y lam inoazobenzene sulphonic acid, and 2‐hydroxy‐1 ‐naphthaleneazobenzenesulphonic acid were appreciably degraded by the cell‐ f ree extract. The cell‐ f ree extract was quite specific for 2‐ca rboxy‐4 ′‐diet h y lam inoazo benzen e, 2 met hoxyca rbonyI4′‐dime t h y lam inoazo benzene, and 2‐ca rboxy4′‐dime t h y lam inoazo benzene, which a reequal in their redox potential. Thus, it is suggested that the substrate specificity is characterised by a log Pdependence. The presence of azo reductase in the cell‐free extract was alsoconfirmed by electrophoresis.
RETRACTED: Study of Parylene-C Thin Film Deposited on Flat Substrates (2012)

Retractes article: This work aims to enhance the surface wettability and adhesion of Parylene-C (poly-chloro-p-xylylene C) thin film on PMMA, glass and aluminum substrates by chemical vapor deposition. The results show that: (1) 0.56, 1, and 1.55g Parylene-C powders can deposit 200, 400, and 600nm films, respectively. (2) After oxygen-plasma pretreatment, the surface roughness of the 200nm-thickness film on glass substrate specimens decreases from 18nm to 7nm. (3) After dipped in prescription solution pretreatment, the residual stress reduces from 107MPa to 64MPa on glass substrate specimens. (4) In contact angle tests, the 600nm-thickness film on various flat substrates deposited process that has surface hydrophobic. (5) The critical load of 600nm-thickness film increases from 14.1 to 18.5mN, showing the substrate after dipped in prescription solution pretreatment can improve the adhesion of the Parylene-C thin film on flat glass substrate specimens.
Indole-3-acetic acid catabolism in Zea mays seedlings. Metabolic conversion of oxindole-3-acetic acid to 7-hydroxy-2-oxindole-3-acetic acid 7'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside. (1985)

A new metabolite of the plant growth substance indole-3-acetic acid has been extracted from Zea mays seedlings and characterized as the 7'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside of 7-hydroxy-2-oxindole-3-acetic acid. This compound was the major product formed from [5-3H] 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid, incubated with intact plants or root and coleoptile sections. Identification was by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the trimethylsilyl derivative and by analysis of the hydrolysis products. A synthesis is reported for 7-hydroxy-2-oxindole-3-acetic acid. These results and prior work demonstrate the following catabolic route for indole-3-acetic acid in Zea: indole-3-acetic acid----2-oxindole-3-acetic acid----7-hydroxy-2-oxindole-3-acetic acid----7-hydroxy-2-oxindole-3-acetic acid glucoside.
The design of ¬ 1NF relational databases into nested normal form (1987)

We develop new algorithms for the design of non first normal form relational databases that are in nested normal form. Previously, a set of given multivalued dependencies and those multivalued dependencies implied by given functional dependencies were used to obtain a nested normal form decomposition of a scheme. This method ignored the semantic distinction between functional and multivalued dependencies and utilized only full multivalued dependencies in the design process. We propose new algorithms which take advantage of this distinction, and use embedded multivalued dependencies to enhance the decomposition. This results in further elimination of redundancy due to functional dependencies in nested normal form designs.
A game theoretic approach to expander-based compressive sensing (2011)

We consider the following expander-based compressive sensing (e-CS) problem: Given Φ ∈ ℝ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M×N</sup> (M <; N), which is the adjacency matrix of an expander graph, and a vector y ∈ ℝ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</sup> , we seek to find a vector x* with at most k-nonzero entries such that equation whenever it exists (k ≪ N). Such problems are not only nonsmooth, barring naive convexified sparse recovery approaches, but also are NP-Hard in general. To handle the non-smoothness, we provide a saddle-point reformulation of the e-CS problem, and propose a novel approximation scheme, called the game-theoretic approximate matching estimator (GAME) algorithm. We then show that the restricted isometry property of expander matrices in the ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm circumvents the intractability of e-CS in the worst case. GAME therefore finds a sparse approximation x̂ to optimal solution such that ||x* - x̂ || <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> = O (||y - Φx*|| <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> ). We also propose a convex optimization approach to e-CS based on Nesterov smoothing, and discuss its (dis)advantages.
Transaction Cost Analysis and Liquidity Discovery with Equity Options (2007)

1. Scott Larison 1. A senior trader at 3-D Markets in New Hope, PA. (slarison{at}3-dmarkets.com) The Options Industry has experienced dramatic changes recently in regards to market structure, surging volumes, and active-extension programs. The evolution of this asset class and how it has closely mirrored the underlying equity markets transformation since the implementation of decimal quoting is discussed. This article addresses the challenges and needs of Asset Managers when searching for liquidity and executing Block Option trades. TOPICS: [Options][1], [financial crises and financial market history][2], [exchanges/markets/clearinghouses][3] [1]: https://www.pm-research.com/topic/options [2]: https://www.pm-research.com/topic/financial-crises-and-financial-market-history [3]: https://www.pm-research.com/topic/exchangesmarketsclearinghouses
MEMS-based Vibration-to-Electric Energy Converter (2000)

When the capacitor is at a maximum value, a certain amount of charge is placed on it. The capacitor is disconnected from the source and external vibrations cause the fingers to move apart. The voltage and the energy stored in the capacitor increases. When the fingers have finished moving, the charge is removed at the higher voltage and returned to the source with a net increase in energy. The addition of the fixed C par in parallel with the variable MEMS capacitor results in a higher energy yield for a given maximum voltage. Figure 22.1.3 shows the timing for the conversion process. The controller IC generates this timing [1]. The ultra-low-power sensor DSP chip is targeted at classification and detection algorithms. An example biomedical application is to detect and classify heartbeats using data from an acoustic sensor. The signal x[k] is passed through a linear matched filter. The filter output is then divided into time segments which contain discrete events that must be analyzed by the classifier. Each segment is passed to a block to create a feature vector which contains all the important information relevant to classification. The classifier then assigns the event to an output class z. Figure 22.1.4 shows the architecture of the sensor DSP chip. The discrete-time linear matched filter is implemented using the distributed arithmetic unit. Its output is then passed to a nonlinear filtering unit to calculate quantities used in segmentation. The final segmentation, feature extraction, and classification is by the programmable microcontroller. The buffer provides a mechanism for synchronization between the front-end filtering and the back-end processing. The front-end filters the input and writes important results to the buffer. A small loop is continuously executed in the microcontroller, checking if a full segment is written to the buffer. When a segment is detected, the microcontroller executes-feature extraction and classification code. To meet real-time performance demands, the front-end filtering is at 1.2kHz while this back-end processing uses a 250kHz clock.
Analysis of cracks in stainless steel TIG (tungsten inert gas) welds (1986)

This report contains the results of a combined experimental and analytical study of ductile crack growth in tungsten inert gas (TIG) weldments of austenitic stainless steel specimens. The substantially greater yield strength of the weld metal relative to the base metal causes more plastic deformation in the base metal adjacent to the weld than in the weld metal. Accordingly, the analytical studies focused on the stress-strain interaction between the crack tip and the weld/base-metal interface. Experimental work involved tests using compact (tension) specimens of three different sizes and pipe bend experiments. The compact specimens were machined from a TIG weldment in Type 304 stainless steel plate. The pipe specimens were also TIG welded using the same welding procedures. Elastic-plastic finite element methods were used to model the experiments. In addition to the J-integral, different crack-tip integral parameters such as ..delta..T/sub p/* and J were evaluated. Also, engineering J-estimation methods were employed to predict the load-carrying capacity of the welded pipe with a circumferential through-wall crack under bending.
Antioxidative and Bactericidal Properties of Phenolic Compounds in Rapeseeds (1992)

Abstract Antioxidative and bactericidal properties were investigated in isolated and fractionated phenolic compounds of rapeseeds. Among the investigated groups of compounds (phenolic acids, sinapine and the products of its hydrolysis) phenolic acids, and especially sinapic acid, were found to be the most active. Due to valuable properties of these compounds they can be considered to be applied for food and fodder preserving.
Two-level genetic algorithm for optimization of a die press (2008)

For many electromagnetic applications, it is possible to develop both a fast but inaccurate model (coarse model) and a slow but accurate model (fine model). Space mapping techniques are able to optimize the fine model by taking advantage of the coarse model. Convergence however is not guaranteed. The two level genetic algorithm has the advantages of a conventional genetic algorithm (robustness, global convergence), but it is faster as it benefits from information in the inaccurate model. The two level genetic algorithm is applied to the die-press bench mark test case (TEAM workshop problem 25).
Training, Microstructure, and Magneto-Mechanical Properties of Ni-Mn-Ga Magnetic Shape-Memory Alloys (2007)

The microstructures and magneto-mechanical strain experiments of differently trained Ni-Mn-Ga single crystal and foam samples are shown in this thesis. Magneto-mechanical tests were performed over high numbers of magneto-mechanical cycles. The strain performance is analyzed and compared with prior results. The strain behavior is then analyzed in combination with surface characterization and qualitative tendencies are given as possible explanations for the examined behavior. It can be shown that inefficiently trained samples have the tendency to have lower initial strains but therefore can sustain 100 million magnetic-field-induced cycles. Effectively trained sample tend to have higher initial strain but also seem to fail after fewer cycles. It is also shown that the magneto-mechanical properties tend to be mostly influenced by the presence of space holder granulates left after etching.
Biochemical Characterization of Two Angiotensin II Receptor Subtypes in the Rat (1990)

Two angiotensin II receptor subtypes, A and B, have been described by means of specific and selective ligands (Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989; 163:284-91). The present report describes the binding characteristics and the distribution of these subtypes in various rat tissues. Adrenal and uterus expressed both subtypes but in different proportions. Subtype B predominated in the adrenal glomerulosa (60%), whereas there was a greater proportion of subtype A in the medulla (70%). In uterus, subtype B was preferentially expressed (70%), and there was no difference in receptor distribution between muscle layers and serosa. Liver, kidney, and cultured aortic smooth muscle cells expressed only subtype B. In all of the tissues tested, the Ki values of various competing ligands were similar for each subtype expressed. It is proposed that subtype B is the vascular receptor. The function of subtype A, however, is still to be determined.
Overexpression of C/EBP -LIP, a Naturally Occurring, Dominant-Negative Transcription Factor, in Human Breast Cancer (1997)

LIP expression should be evaluated further as a prognostic marker for patients with breast cancer.
Digital Beamforming for HRWS-SAR Imaging: System Design, Performance and Optimization Strategies (2006)

Multi-aperture synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems in combination with an appropriate coherent processing of the individual aperture signals enable high resolution wide swath (HRWS) SAR imaging [1]-[8]. An innovative reconstruction algorithm for such a digital beamforming on receive was presented in [9]-[12] that allows for HRWS even in case of a non-uniformly sampled data array in azimuth. This paper will compare this algorithm to different azimuth processing strategies regarding their performance in dependency of the overall sampling. Further, optimization strategies are discussed to maximize the system's performance by pattern tapering on transmit and "Pre-Beamshaping on Receive" networks that allow for pattern tapering on receive and adaptively adjust the virtual sample positions.