gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Various Hormone Treatments on Induction of Lactation in the Ewe (1980)

In Exp. I and II, 52 of 68 ewes were induced into lactation with twice-daily injections of estradiol-17 beta (E2-beta) and progesterone (P4; .5 and 1.25 mg/kg body weight/day) for 7 days. Additional treatments were twice-daily injections (days 18 to 20) of hydrocortisone, growth hormone, thyroxine and thyrotropin releasing hormone alone or in various combinations. In Exp. III, 12 ewes were induced into lactation. In this experiment, all ewes were injected with E2-beta and hydrocortisone, as previously, but four ewes (III-2) had P4 injections extended to day 20, and four ewes (III-3) were not injected with P4. Across experiments, lowest milk yields during lactation and the lowest percentage of ewes induced into lactation (58%) occurred when only E2-beta and P4 were injected. Inclusion of hydrocortisone injections (50 mg/day) induced the highest percentage of ewes into lactation (86%, 38 of 44), the highest peak daily yields of milk and the highest total yields during lactation. Including injections of growth hormone, thyroxine or thyrotropin releasing hormone alone or in combinations did not produce better results than injections of E2-beta and P4 alone. Injections of E2-beta and hydrocortisone without concurrent injections of P4 were less effective. Intramuscular injections of P4 (10 mg/day) from days 8 to 20 did not inhibit lactogenesis or subsequent lactation. Across all experiments, 76% of multiparous (52/68) and 50% of nulliparous (6/12) ewes produced greater than 100 ml milk/day during their lactation (34 to 95 days). However, yields of milk for ewes that lactated were only 25 to 50% of those from postpartum ewes. The importance of including injections of hydrocortisone in the induction procedure was established, but determination of optimum time to inject and potential importance of other hormones requires additional research.
The Problem with Average Acceleration Problems (1971)

Problems in introductory mechanics concerning the average acceleration of a particle undergoing general rectilinear motion are a source of much confusion to the student. They can be made the source of much light if a clear distinction is made between time averages and space averages. The term “average force” suffers from the same ambiguity and needs similar clarification. This is especially necessary if one wants to express the impulse-momentum and work-energy theorems in terms of an average force.
Ethyl acetate as an acyl donor in the continuous flow kinetic resolution of (±)-1-phenylethylamine catalyzed by lipases (2013)

The synthesis of chiral amines is still a challenge for organic synthesis since optically pure amines are of great importance for the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Among all the methodologies developed until now, chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution has proven to be useful for the preparation of enantioenriched primary chiral amines. In our continuous efforts toward the development of a continuous flow process, herein we report our results on the continuous flow kinetic resolution of (±)-1-phenylethylamine leading to the desired products with high enantiomeric ratios (>200) and short residence times (40 minutes) using ethyl acetate as the acyl donor.
Stability of the SDDRE based observer for deterministic nonlinear systems (2016)

Exponentially Bounded-Input-Bounded-State and Bounded-Input-Bounded-Output (BIBO) stability of the State Dependent Differential Riccati Equation (SDDRE) based observer of deterministic nonlinear time-varying systems is proved by three approaches. Each proof highlights different aspect of the SDDRE based estimator-observer stability. The proofs use the State Dependent Coefficient (SDC) form representation of nonlinear system. One approach uses results from theory of linear time-varying systems. The second approach defines Lyapunov function and uses LaSalle's invariance principle and the new invariance principle to show that the state of the SDDRE based estimator is BIBO stable. The third approach proves that the state transition matrix of the estimator is exponentially stable under specific conditions and computes bounds on the state. It is shown that uniform complete observability and controllability along the system's trajectories are sufficient for asymptotic stability.
The Emerging Duck Flavivirus Is Not Pathogenic for Primates and Is Highly Sensitive to Mammalian Interferon Antiviral Signaling (2016)

Mosquito-borne flaviviruses comprise a large group of pathogenic and nonpathogenic members. The pathogenic flaviviruses include dengue, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis viruses, and the nonpathogenic flaviviruses normally persist in a natural cycle and rarely cause disease in humans. A novel flavivirus, DTMUV (also known as duck egg drop syndrome flavivirus [DEDSV]) was identified in 2012 in ducks and then rapidly spread to several Asian countries. This new flavivirus was then shown to infect multiple avian species, resulting in neurological symptoms with unknown routes of transmission. There is public concern regarding its potential transmission from birds to humans and other nonavian hosts. Our present study shows that the mammalian IFN system can efficiently eliminate DTMUV infection and that the emergence of severe DTMUV-associated disease in mammals, especially humans, is unlikely. Currently, DTMUV infection mostly affects avian species.
Resistor emulation approach to low-power energy harvesting (2006)

This paper presents an approach and associated circuitry for harvesting near maximum output from low power sources in the 100 μW range for miniature wireless devices. A set of converter topologies and control approaches are presented together with detailed efficiency analysis and a design example for a buck-boost based energy harvesting converter using commercially available discrete circuitry. Experimental results are presented for harvesting energy from miniature RF and wind power sources operating over a 10:1 input power range from 500 μW to 50 μW. A closed-system efficiency of 65 % at 50 μW output power is achieved, including all control and converter losses. The results demonstrate that useful energy, sufficient to power typical wireless sensors, can be harvested from miniature sources that output less than 100 μW at a few hundred mV.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Opening Reactions of Cyclic Allylic Ethers by Zirconocene Complexes of Cyclic Alkynes. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Impact of saline irrigation and topical corticosteroids on the postsurgical sinonasal microbiota (2014)

Nasal saline irrigation is not associated with a distinct alteration in the proportional abundance of commensal bacteria or biofilm-forming pathogens in CRSwNP patients. However, use of topical intranasal corticosteroid sprays in control subjects is associated with a distinct sinonasal microbiota.
Analysis of stimulated Raman scattering in waveguides (1965)

Stokes radiation, excited by a giant pulse radiation propagating along a rectangular wavegulde, is analyzed in this paper. Equations are established and solved for an arbitrary shape of the giant pulse. At high gains the stimulated radiation is emitted at all angles. The maximum output is almost perpendicular to the exciting beam, and it decreases as the forward and backward directions are approached. Forward-backward ratios are sensitive to the detailed shape and magnitude of the laser pulse. The large forward-backward ratio for intense short laser pulses accounts for the observed results, which are illustrated for a square and a parabolic pulse. In practice, a large number of waveguide modes are simultaneously excited, resulting in intense excitation of vibrational modes in the medium, and enhancement of the inverse Raman effect and of anti-Stokes generation.
Fatigue Crack-Growth Measurement Using Digital Image Analysis Technique (1990)

A novel approach to the measurement of fatigue crack growth at elevated temperatures based on digital image analysis technology is presented. An operational prototype was designed to demonstrate the feasibility of this technique to measure crack lengths at temperatures up to 1093°C (2000°F). The crack tip image transmission was accomplished using fiber-optic guides and relay lenses. The technique provides a direct (without calibration) measurement of the crack length and position with a resolution better than 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) and a capability for automation. The experimental observations of the crack tip using the digital image analysis system prototype showed that this technique can be applied to crack measurement at temperatures up to 1093°C (2000°F). The method requires further experimental work for verification of crack length accuracy under cyclic and thermal-mechanical spectrum loads, various specimen geometries, and other high temperature materials.
Developmental field defects: Coming together of associations and sequences during blastogenesis (2002)

We report on two patients with an unusual combination of multiple congenital anomalies including holoprosencephaly, encephalocele, and additional defects commonly observed in the VACTERL and schisis "associations." One of the infants had a chromosome abnormality characterized by partial duplication and deletion of chromosome 18. VACTERL association was characterized recently as a primary developmental field defect (DFD) [Martínez-Frías et al., 1998: Am J Med Genet 76:291-296]. In some cases, sequences may also represent uncomplicated DFDs. We suggest that findings in both of these cases represent abnormalities of blastogenesis involving the primary field resulting in holoprosencephaly and VACTERL and schisis anomalies, and show that similar primary DFDs are causally heterogeneous.
May-happen-in-parallel analysis of X10 programs (2007)

X10 is a modern object-oriented programming language designed for high performance, high productivity programming of parallel and multi-core computer systems. Compared to the lower-level thread-based concurrency model in the JavaTM language, X10 has higher-level concurrency constructs such as async, atomic and finish built into the language to simplify creation, analysis and optimization of parallel programs. In this paper, we introduce a new algorithm for May-Happen-in-Parallel (MHP) analysis of X10 programs. The analysis algorithm is based on simple path traversals in the Program Structure Tree, and does not rely on pointer alias analysis of thread objects as in MHP analysis for Java programs. We introduce a more precise definition of the MHP relation than in past work by adding condition vectors that identify execution instances for which the MHP relation holds, instead of just returning a single true/false value for all pairs of executing instances. Further, MHP analysis is refined in our approach by using the observation that two statement instances which occur in atomic sections that execute at the same X10 place must have MHP = false. We expect that our MHP analysis algorithm will be applicable to any language that adopts the core concepts of places, async, finish, and atomic sections from the X10 programming model. We also believe that this approach offers the best of two worlds to programmers and parallel programming tools ---higher-level abstractions of concurrency coupled with simple and efficient analysis algorithms.
Viability of Physarum polycephalum spores and ploidy of plasmodial nuclei (1977)

Amoebae of Physarum polycephalum carrying the mth mating-type allele may differentiate into plasmodia in the absence of mating. Such plasmodia are haploid and, upon sporulation, produce mainly inviable spores. We have asked whether the viable spores arise from meiotic or mitotic divisions. Using a microfluorometric measurement of the deoxyribonucleic acid content of individual nuclei, we found the fraction of viable spores to be correlated with the proportion of rare, diploid nuclei containing in the generally haploid plasmodium. When homozygous diploid plasmodia were created by heat shocking, spore viability increased dramatically. We suggest that viable spores are produced via meiosis in mth plasmodia, that the mth allele has no effect on sporulation per se, and that the normal source of viable haploid spores is a small fraction of diploid nuclei ubiquitous in haploid plasmodia.
Crossover from ferroelectric to relaxor behavior in BaTi<sub>1−</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>Sn<i><sub>x</sub></i>O<sub>3</sub>solid solutions (2008)

Dielectric relaxation of BaTi1− x Sn x O3 ceramics is investigated by means of dielectric spectroscopy. The gradual crossover from ferroelectric to relaxor behavior is characterized by vanishing of the contribution due to domain walls and appearance of relaxation related to reorientation of polar nanosized regions. Typical behavior of relaxors is observed only in ceramics with x = 0.30, while the compositions with 0.175 ≤ x ≤ 0.25 show coexistence of both ferroelectric and relaxor features. The relaxor properties are supposed to be due to both weak random fields and disorder inherent in pure BaTiO3.
Power Electronic Modules (2004)

Designing and building power semiconductor modules requires a broad, interdisciplinary base of knowledge and experience, ranging from semiconductor materials and technologies, thermal management, and soldering to environmental constraints, inspection techniques, and statistical process control. This diversity poses a significant challenge to engine
The Evolution from III-V Opto-Electronics to Silicon Nanophotonics and Vertical Cavity Lasers to Photonic Crystal and Surface Plasmon Devices (2010)

Lithography and dry etching has evolved to replace accurate crystal growth that enabled the definition of high-Q optical cavities in the past with dry etching approaches to define ultra-small mode volumes. These "printed" optical cavities can now be used to define micro- and nano-lasers in which the three-dimensional geometry is used to control the laser performance, and that can be lithographically coupled together in-plane. Advanced microcavity lasers now include photonic crystal mirrors and surface plasmon contact geometries. By combining new methods of design, fabrication and testing, it has become possible to develop higher-level abstract device design approaches that enable SPICE-like modeling of optical circuits. However, the complexity of back-reflections and the wave-like behavior of light in microfabricated geometries limits the applicability of these approaches. Here, the evolution of integrated opto-electronics into photonic crystals and plasmonics is reviewed, with an emphasis on the specific cases of miniaturized lasers, plasmonic light emitters and silicon photonics. Article not available.
Efficient Computation of Buffer Capacities for Cyclo-Static Real-Time Systems with Back-Pressure (2007)

This paper describes a conservative approximation algorithm that derives close to minimal buffer capacities for an application described as a cyclo-static dataflow graph. The resulting buffer capacities satisfy constraints on the maximum buffer capacities and end-to-end throughput and latency constraints. Furthermore we show that the effects of run-time arbitration can be included in the response times of dataflow actors. We show that modelling an MP3 playback application as a cyclo-static dataflow graph instead of a multi-rate dataflow graph results in buffer capacities that are reduced up to 39%. Furthermore, the algorithm is applied to a real-life car-radio application, in which two independent streams are processed
Evaluating Microcomputer Courseware: (1985)

To assist special eductors in making purchase decision, this paper presents 13 questions that should be asked when considering the acquisition of educational courseware. The questions presented relate to educational goals, learning principles, factual accuracy, values, attractiveness, use of the computer's unique capabilities, cognitive and physical demands, user friendliness, documentation, technical support, licensure arrangements, and hardware compatibility.
Gradient driven self-organizing systems (2002)

The aim of this paper is to discuss and present some experimental data on the use of optical, chemical and ultrasound sensors to control the motion of single and cooperating robots. The distinctive feature is that in both cases the motion of the robots is not driven by a localized target (e.g. a light, or a sound) but by a concentration gradient such as the one generated by a gas leak. Experiments using a simple optical sensor reading a variable density pattern of dark spots painted on the ground plane, are presented along with experiments performed using simple chemical sensors measuring the local gradient of a substance. Different strategies are discussed based on different configurations of the sensing devices and reflexive motor controls. The goal of the experiment is to analyze the performance of simple autonomous robots in reaching the point of highest concentration (i.e. the gas leak). This performance has been analyzed for single robots and for cooperating robots using a very simple communication channel.
Side-scan Sonar Image Registration for AUV Navigation (2010)

Abstract - As part of the Responsive Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Localization and Mapping (REALM) project at Memorial University a side-scan sonar based qualitative navigation system is currently being developed for the AUV MUN Explorer. The qualitative navigation system intricately depends on the registration of side-scan sonar images obtained at navigation time. Image registration is the process of computing a transformation which maps features observed from one perspective to the same features observed from a second perspective. However, feature matching in side-scan sonar images does present a number of challenges due to the nature of acoustic sensors, the dynamic properties of the AUV, and the perpetually changing acoustic medium. As such, feature extraction and matching techniques must be designed to be robust enough to simultaneously handle a variety of image distortions. For this paper some of the difficulties involved in the registration of side-scan sonar images will be discussed. Preliminary results on image registration from side-scan images captured by a sonar sensor affixed to a small boat executing approximately parallel tracks will be presented.
Confirmation of self-reported cataract in the physicians’ health study (1994)

Large-scale prospective studies of disease development often rely on self-reported data. To assess the accuracy of self-reports of cataract, we compared the self-reports with medical record data obtained from diagnosing ophthalmologists and optometrists for participants in the Physicians' Health Study, a randomized trial of aspirin and beta-carotene among 22,071 male U.S. physicians aged 40-84 years. A report of cataract, defined as a positive response to a question about whether cataract had ever been diagnosed in either eye and the date of diagnosis, was found to be a very good indicator of lens opacification but was not a good indicator of an incident, age-related opacity that reduced visual acuity. These results indicate that in large prospective studies of clinically significant cataract, where examination of all study participants is not feasible and self-reported data are used, additional documentation to supplement the self-reports should be obtained and strict diagnostic criteria applied to minimize the likely effects of misclassification.
Structural Consequences of the Inhibitor-Resistant Ser130Gly Substitution in TEM β-Lactamase<sup>,</sup> (2005)

Beta-lactamase confers resistance to penicillin-like antibiotics by hydrolyzing their beta-lactam bond. To combat these enzymes, inhibitors covalently cross-linking the hydrolytic Ser70 to Ser130 were introduced. In turn, mutant beta-lactamases have emerged with decreased susceptibility to these mechanism-based inhibitors. Substituting Ser130 with glycine in the inhibitor-resistant TEM (IRT) mutant TEM-76 (S130G) prevents the irreversible cross-linking step. Since the completely conserved Ser130 is thought to transfer a proton important for catalysis, its substitution might be hypothesized to result in a nonfunctional enzyme; this is clearly not the case. To investigate how TEM-76 remains active, its structure was determined by X-ray crystallography to 1.40 A resolution. A new water molecule (Wat1023) is observed in the active site, with two configurations located 1.1 and 1.3 A from the missing Ser130 Ogamma; this water molecule likely replaces the Ser130 side-chain hydroxyl in substrate hydrolysis. Intriguingly, this same water molecule is seen in the IRT TEM-32 (M69I/M182T), where Ser130 has moved significantly. TEM-76 shares other structural similarities with various IRTs; like TEM-30 (R244S) and TEM-84 (N276D), the water molecule activating clavulanate for cross-linking (Wat1614) is disordered (in TEM-30 it is actually absent). As expected, TEM-76 has decreased kinetic activity, likely due to the replacement of the Ser130 side-chain hydroxyl with a water molecule. In contrast to the recently determined structure of the S130G mutant in the related SHV-1 beta-lactamase, in TEM-76 the key hydrolytic water (Wat1561) is still present. The conservation of similar accommodations among IRT mutants suggests that resistance arises from common mechanisms, despite the disparate locations of the various substitutions.
Tar guideline. A standard method for measurement of tars and particles in biomass producer gases (2002)

Tar guideline. A standard method for measurement of tars and particles in biomass producer gases
DT fusion neutron radiation strengthening of copper and niobium (1975)

The initial results of a comparative study of the radiation strengthening and damage structures produced in Cu and Nb by D-T fusion and fission reactor neutrons are described. The radiation strengthening produced by a given fluence of fusion neutrons above about 10$sup 17$n/cm$sup 2$ is equal to that produced by a fluence of fission reactor neutrons (E greater than 0.1 MeV) ten times as great. This difference is about twice as large as would be expected if the strengthening scaled with damage energy or dpa. Initial transmission electron microscopy observations of the damage structures in fusion and fission reactor neutron irradiated copper indicate that the same type of primary structural defects, vacancy and interstitial point defect clusters and small dislocation loops with a/3 (111) and a/2 (110) Burgers vectors, are produced in both cases. The difference in the radiation strengthening produced by fusion and fission reactor neutrons in Cu appears to result from a substantially greater rate of accumulation of damage, in the form of point defect clusters, during irradiation with fusion neutrons than during irradiation with fission reactor neutrons plus a significant difference in the size and spatial distributions of the damage clusters. (auth)
High-Performance Biosensing Using Arrays of Plasmonic Nanotubes (2010)

We show that aligned gold nanotube arrays capable of supporting plasmonic resonances can be used as high performance refractive index sensors in biomolecular binding reactions. A methodology to examine the sensing ability of the inside and outside walls of the nanotube structures is presented. The sensitivity of the plasmonic nanotubes is found to increase as the nanotube walls are exposed, and the sensing characteristic of the inside and outside walls is shown to be different. Finite element simulations showed good qualitative agreement with the observed behavior. Free standing gold nanotubes displayed bulk sensitivities in the region of 250 nm per refractive index unit and a signal-to-noise ratio better than 1000 upon protein binding which is highly competitive with state-of-the-art label-free sensors.