gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationship between tumor size and survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): An analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry. (2012)

7047 Background: Tumor size is a known prognostic factor for early stage (I and II) NSCLC, but its significance in node positive or locally advanced NSCLC has not been determined. We sought to evaluate its prognostic value in early and locally advanced NSCLC and create a nomogram incorporating tumor size and other prognostic variables to predict survival. Methods: The SEER registry was queried for patients (pts) with NSCLC, aged 20-103 and diagnosed between 1998 and 2003. Pts with extra-pulmonary metastases or distant lymph node metastases were excluded. Tumor size was analyzed as a continuous variable. Other demographic variables included age, gender, race, histology, primary tumor extension, node status and primary treatment modality (surgery vs radiation). Log-rank test was performed to evaluate the relationship between these variables and overall survival (OS). Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate whether tumor size was an independent prognostic factor. Results: 52,287 eligible pts were divided into 16 subgroups based on primary tumor extension and node status. For example, in group 1, tumor was confined to one lung with no nodes involved; pts in group 12 had tumor invading the mediastinum (T4 by extent) and positive ipsilateral mediastinal nodes. Tumor size had a significant effect on OS in almost all groups after adjustment for age, sex, race, histology, node status, primary tumor extension and primary treatment modality. Our model incorporating tumor size had significantly better predictive accuracy (larger C index) than our alternative model not including this information (p<0.0001). We then developed a nomogram incorporating tumor size, age, gender, race, histology, nodule stage, and tumor extension with the intent to predict OS. In subsequent bootstrap verification, the predicted 2-year OS from the nomogram was almost identical to the actual observed 2-year OS with a very slim biases of estimates. Conclusions: Tumor size is an independent prognostic factor, including pts with node positive or locally advanced NSCLC. We successfully created a nomogram incorporating tumor size and other clinical variables to predict survival.
Random Delay Attack and Its Applications on Load Frequency Control of Power Systems (2019)

In a closed-loop CPS (Cyber-Physical Systems), a core component such as power plant is usually regulated by a controller with the help of actuators and sensors interconnected through a communication network. This paper investigates the impact of maliciously induced delays on control signals in a CPS. In particular, it presents a simple and yet powerful attack, referred to as random delay attack. In this attack, an adversary induces random delays on a sequence of control signals such that the state of the core component quickly becomes divergent. Moreover, the attack is also effective even if delay compensation techniques are employed. As the attacker in the proposed attack merely induces delays on the control signals, say by momentarily jamming the network link, cryptographic-based protections are not able to defeat the attack. To demonstrate its effectiveness, we simulate the random delay attack on the LFC (Load Frequency Control) system which is one of the most critical components in a power plant. We show that the attack on one area can be propagated to other interconnected areas. In addition, this paper proposes countermeasures on the random delay attack.
Negative-stiffness vibration isolation in laser and optical systems (2008)

As technology steadily migrates from micro to nano, so has the need grown for more precise vibration isolation in lasers and optical systems used in applications such as industrial testing, microelectronics fabrication, and biological research. Laser and optical systems, whether used in academic labs or industrial and manufacturing facilities, are very susceptible to vibrations from the environment. These instruments almost always require vibration isolation. When measuring a very few angstroms or nanometers of displacement, an absolutely stable surface must be maintained upon which to rest the instrument. Any vibration, coupled into the mechanical structure of the instrument, will cause vertical noise and fundamentally an inability to measure these kinds of high-resolution features.
<i>LIN28B</i> Promotes Colon Cancer Progression and Metastasis (2011)

LIN28B is a homologue of LIN28 that induces pluripotency when expressed in conjunction with OCT4, SOX2, and KLF4 in somatic fibroblasts. LIN28B represses biogenesis of let-7 microRNAs and is implicated in both development and tumorigenesis. Recently, we have determined that LIN28B overexpression occurs in colon tumors. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of LIN28B protein expression in human colon adenocarcinomas. We found that LIN28B overexpression correlates with reduced patient survival and increased probability of tumor recurrence. To elucidate tumorigenic functions of LIN28B, we constitutively expressed LIN28B in colon cancer cells and evaluated tumor formation in vivo. Tumors with constitutive LIN28B expression exhibit increased expression of colonic stem cell markers LGR5 and PROM1, mucinous differentiation, and metastasis. Together, our findings point to a function for LIN28B in promoting colon tumor pathogenesis, especially metastasis.
Solid-phase method for tritium labelling of biologically active compounds (2003)

The solid-phase method for conducting hydrogenolysis, hydrogenation and isotope exchange reactions is described. The potential of the solid-phase method for tritium labelling of various organic compounds including lipids, nucleotides, amino acids, peptides, etc. is demonstrated. The influence of the reaction conditions on the yield and on the molar radioactivity of the labelled specimens is considered. It is shown that the results obtained can be interpreted by the dependence of tritium spillover on the nature of the initial compound and other factors. The bibliography includes 158 references.
Status of NASA's deep space optical communication technology demonstration (2017)

With NASA funding, the Deep Space Optical Communication (DSOC) Project at JPL is planning a system level technology demonstration of optical communications from deep space. A 22 cm diameter flight laser transceiver (FLT) is being developed for space flight. The FLT will be designed to transmit an average laser power of 4W at 1550 nm and receive a weak 1064 nm laser signal (> 100 femtowatts). Use of the Hale telescope at Palomar Mountain, CA, retrofitted with a photon-counting receiver to detect the downlink from space, is planned. The Optical Communication Telescope Laboratory (OCTL) at Table Mountain, CA will transmit a 1064 nm laser beacon to serve as a pointing reference for the FLT and support low-rate uplink data-rates. The DSOC FLT is part of the baseline payload for the Psyche mission spacecraft recently selected for flight by NASA, providing link demonstration opportunities during the mission cruise phase. Link demonstration opportunities at distances of approximately 0.1 to 2 astronomical units (AU) are expected. The DSOC system is being designed to support downlink data-rates of 0.2 to > 200 Mb/s and uplink data rates of approximately 1.6 kb/s. A status update of DSOC Project activities on flight and ground development will be summarized in this paper.
Collective bounce problems in tiltrotors (2016)

The basic mechanism of the collective bounce phenomenon on tiltrotors is discussed. This phenomenon may arise if the pilot’s biomechanics interact with the airframe elastic modes, in particular with the 1st Symmetric Wing Bending (SWB) mode. A simplified aeroelastic tiltrotor model, able to capture the aircraft heave motion and the low–frequency out-of plane wing bending dynamics, is proposed. The model, representative of the Bell XV-15, is validated with data reported in literature. The closed-loop pilot-vehicle system shows that the direct effect of a change in collective input results in a nearly immediate change in thrust, which accelerates the tiltrotor exciting the 1st SWB mode and, in turn, the pilot biomechanics generating an unstable feedback path. Robust stability analyses are performed using the Nyquist criterion for SISO systems, considering the feedback loop between the vertical acceleration at the pilot seat and the collective pitch input. Means of prevention, considering both active and passive devices, are investigated and compared with pros and cons.
Carrier Generation and Inherent Off‐Stoichiometry in Zn, Sn Codoped Indium Oxide (ZITO) Bulk and Thin‐Film Specimens (2008)

Electrical studies of the Zn, Sn codoped bixbyite (In 2 O 3 ) phase (ZITO), a promising alternative to indium–tin oxide (ITO) for transparent conductor applications, indicate that an inherent cation off‐stoichiometry in favor of Sn donors versus Zn acceptors dominates the defect chemistry of this important transparent conducting oxide. This was shown by bulk phase diagram and conductivity studies, thin‐film electrical/optical measurements, and photoelectron spectroscopy on both bulk and thin‐film specimens. The Sn‐excess character explains the persistent n ‐type behavior of bulk ZITO, the relative redox insensitivity of codoped compositions, the existence of “special” (optimized conductivity) compositions in phase space for pulsed laser‐deposited films, and the propensity for surface chemical depletion in both bulk and thin‐film specimens.
Phosphatidylinositol‐glycan‐specific phospholipase D is an amphiphilic glycoprotein that in serum is associated with high‐density lipoproteins (1992)

Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns)-glycan-specific phospholipase D was purified from bovine and human serum by phase separation in Triton X-114 and by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, octyl-Sepharose, concanavalin-A-Sepharose, and hydroxyapatite. The purification of the two enzymes was approximately 1200-fold with a recovery of 3-5%. Bovine serum contained about 40 micrograms/ml of PtdIns-glycan-specific phospholipase D, about 10 times more than the amount determined in human serum. PtdIns-glycan-specific phospholipase D is also present in mammalian cerebrospinal fluid and in mammalian milk but to a much lesser extent than in serum. Enzyme from bovine and human serum displayed amphiphilic properties as revealed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and gel filtration in the absence and presence of detergent. On density gradient centrifugation, both enzymes sedimented with an apparent sedimentation coefficient of about 6.0 S in the presence of 0.1% Triton X-100, and formed aggregates up to 14.5 S in the absence of detergent. Upon gel filtration, the bovine and human enzymes migrated with a Stokes' radius of 6.5 nm and 6.6 nm, respectively, in the presence of Triton X-100. In the absence of Triton X-100, both enzymes gave a Stokes' radius of 8.8 nm. Serial centrifugation of serum at increasing NaBr concentrations revealed that the majority of the enzyme is contained in the high-density lipoprotein fraction. PtdIns-glycan-specific phospholipase D from bovine and human serum contained 27 and 28 N-acetylglucosamine residues, respectively. Treatment with N-glycosidase F decreased the apparent molecular mass of the bovine and human enzyme from 115 and 123 kDa to 91 and 87 kDa, respectively. Sequence analysis of peptides derived from PtdIns-glycan-specific phospholipase D of bovine serum by CNBr cleavage gave 100% identity to the sequence published for the bovine liver enzyme while there was 83% similarity and 74% identity to the sequence of peptides obtained from the human serum enzyme.
Carbon gas diffusion electrodes promoted with silver and operating on air or oxygen in alkaline medium. Physical parameters of electrodes and their components (1983)

From the ratio of hydrophobic to hydrophilic pore volumes determined after a long-term exposure of the gas or active layer to water, the strong hydrophobic nature of the teflonized carbon black contained in carbon-based gas diffusion electrodes was confirmed. This material proves better than Teflon in Teflon-bonded active carbon electrodes, whose hydrophobicity is adversely affected on heating and the mechanical strength of the layer decreases. Measurement of the penetration of water and rate of flow of oxygen revealed that the teflonized carbon black ensures two essential functions of the gas diffusion electrode: feeding the active layer with oxygen and prevention of flooding of the gas pores.
Biosynthesis of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Mitochondria (1975)

Isolated rat liver mitochondria incorporate [14C]nicotinamide into NAD. Nicotinic acid and quinolinic acid are not utilized. The incorporation of nicotinamide into NAD is stimulated by ATP. After incubation of the mitochondria with [14C]nicotinamide, labeled NMN can be isolated. No labeling of nicotinate mononucleotide or nicotinate adenine dinucleotide could be observed. Azaserine has no effect on the incorporation of nicotinamide into NAD. Labeled NAD is also obtained after addition of [14C]ATP to the mitochondria. The incorporation of radioactivity from extramitochondrial [14C]ATP into NAD is inhibited by carboxyatractyloside. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that the mitochondria incorporate nicotinamide by an intramitochondrial biosynthetic pathway via NMN.
Some results on feature detection using residual analysis (2002)

Images are considered as consisting of three parts: features, noise, and smooth components. After a smoothing operation, the difference between the result and the original image has the characteristics of noise in areas away from features. Systematic trends in the difference indicate features such as edges, corners, or textures. It is shown that the autocorrelation function of the residuals takes specific forms when computed along various paths, and in particular along a circle or a disk centered at a zero crossing of residuals. Then, feature detection is reduced to classifying the autocorrelation profile. An implementation of this technique is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mass Measurements of Short-Lived Isotopes in Traps and Storage Rings (1994)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation H.‐Jürgen Kluge, Georg Bollen, Bernhard Franzke; Mass Measurements of Short‐Lived Isotopes in Traps and Storage Rings. AIP Conf. Proc. 1 August 1994; 323 (1): 176–190. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2946004 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Striking similarities in amino acid sequence among nonstructural proteins encoded by RNA viruses that have dissimilar genomic organization. (1984)

The plant viruses alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and brome mosaic virus (BMV) each divide their genetic information among three RNAs while tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) contains a single genomic RNA. Amino acid sequence comparisons suggest that the single proteins encoded by AMV RNA 1 and BMV RNA 1 and by AMV RNA 2 and BMV RNA 2 are related to the NH2-terminal two-thirds and the COOH-terminal one-third, respectively, of the largest protein encoded by TMV. Separating these two domains in the TMV RNA sequence is an amber termination codon, whose partial suppression allows translation of the downstream domain. Many of the residues that the TMV read-through domain and the segmented plant viruses have in common are also conserved in a read-through domain found in the nonstructural polyprotein of the animal alphaviruses Sindbis and Middelburg. We suggest that, despite substantial differences in gene organization and expression, all of these viruses use related proteins for common functions in RNA replication. Reassortment of functional modules of coding and regulatory sequence from preexisting viral or cellular sources, perhaps via RNA recombination, may be an important mechanism in RNA virus evolution.
A Highly K<sup>+</sup>‐Selective Phenylaza‐[18]crown‐6‐Lariat‐Ether‐Based Fluoroionophore and Its Application in the Sensing of K<sup>+</sup> Ions with an Optical Sensor Film and in Cells (2013)

Herein, we report the synthesis of two phenylaza-[18]crown-6 lariat ethers with a coumarin fluorophore (1 and 2) and we reveal that compound 1 is an excellent probe for K(+) ions under simulated physiological conditions. The presence of a 2-methoxyethoxy lariat group at the ortho position of the anilino moiety is crucial to the substantially increased stability of compounds 1 and 2 over their lariat-free phenylaza-[18]crown-6 ether analogues. Probe 1 shows a high K(+)/Na(+) selectivity and a 2.5-fold fluorescence enhancement was observed in the presence of 100 mM K(+) ions. A fluorescent membrane sensor, which was prepared by incorporating probe 1 into a hydrogel, showed a fully reversible response, a response time of 150 s, and a signal change of 7.8% per 1 mM K(+) within the range 1-10 mM K(+). The membrane was easily fabricated (only a single sensing layer on a solid polyester support), yet no leaching was observed. Moreover, compound 1 rapidly permeated into cells, was cytocompatible, and was suitable for the fluorescent imaging of K(+) ions on both the extracellular and intracellular levels.
Growth Defect Observation with Pyramidal Hillock and Reduction by Photoexcited Hydrogen in Si CVD with SiH2Cl2 (1994)

The generation kinetics and origins of pyramidal hillocks grown on Si(111) surfaces with an off angle of 0.55° from [111] were investigated for the chemical vapor deposition of Si with . According to the top shape of the hillock, most hillocks can be classified to three kinds: bright‐, sharp‐, and flat‐top hillocks. It was shown that the flat‐top hillock is grown with the stacking fault and the sharp‐top and bright‐top hillock result from the hydrocarbon and oxide (Si particle) contaminants on the substrate, respectively. The sharp‐top hillock was observed to develop along the dislocation. The generation kinetics of the stacking fault was suggested to be involved with chlorine adsorbate on the surface. Because of the large hillock size, the existence of growth defects due to the stacking fault and dislocation can be detected easily for very thin films with no etching. Furthermore, we found that the three kinds of hillocks can be drastically reduced in density by using carrier hydrogen gas excited with ultraviolet light from low‐pressure Hg lamps during growth as well as substrate cleaning at atmospheric pressure. This indicates that the photoexcited hydrogen has a cleaning effect for the hydrocarbon, oxide, and chlorine on the surface during Si growth.
EMG-Based Detection of Inspiration in the Rat Diaphragm Muscle (2006)

An algorithm to detect the timing of each breath from an electromyogram (EMG) signal was developed. The algorithm has low computation cost and would be suitable for applications of implantable diaphragm pacing devices or as a trigger for each breath generated by a mechanical ventilator. The algorithm was implemented both in a Lab View program on a desktop computer and in a C program on a microcontroller chip, and was tested on the EMG signal from the left diaphragm muscle of an anesthetized rat via implanted electrodes. The breath detection by the algorithm was over 99% accurate when the anesthetized rat was lying still, but for periods when the rat was gently wiggled to introduce noise and irregular breathing patterns, 19% of the breaths were missed and false positives occurred 6% of the time
Cardiac responses to left ventricular pacing in hearts with normal electrical conduction: beneficial effect of improved filling is counteracted by dyssynchrony (2014)

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been proposed in heart failure patients with narrow QRS, but the mechanism of a potential beneficial effect is unknown. The present study investigated the hypothesis that left ventricular (LV) pacing increases LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) by allowing the LV to start filling before the right ventricle (RV) during narrow QRS in an experimental model. LV and biventricular pacing were studied in six anesthetized dogs before and after the induction of LV failure. Function was evaluated by pressures and dimensions, and dyssynchrony was evaluated by electromyograms and deformation. In the nonfailing heart, LV pacing gave the LV a head start in filling relative to the RV (P < 0.05) and increased LVEDV (P < 0.05). The response was similar during LV failure when RV diastolic pressure was elevated. The pacing-induced increase in LVEDV was attributed to a rightward shift of the septum (P < 0.01) due to an increased left-to-right transseptal pressure gradient (P < 0.05). LV pacing, however, also induced dyssynchrony (P < 0.05) and therefore reduced LV stroke work (P < 0.05) during baseline, and similar results were seen in failing hearts. Biventricular pacing did not change LVEDV, but systolic function was impaired. This effect was less marked than with LV pacing. In conclusion, pacing of the LV lateral wall increased LVEDV by displacing the septum rightward, suggesting a mechanism for a favorable effect of CRT in narrow QRS. The pacing, however, induced dyssynchrony and therefore reduced LV systolic function. These observations suggest that detrimental effects should be considered when applying CRT in patients with narrow QRS.
A non-contact technique for determining the depth of zero-order gratings (2000)

Abstract In this work we present a simple, non-contact method for characterizing the depth of deep zero-order diffraction gratings using standard visible optics. Form birefringence exhibited by zero-order structures alters the polarization state of light transmitted through them. The amount of change is dependent on several factors including the depth of the grating grooves. By recording the polarization changes of laser light transmitted through the sample we demonstrate how the depth of any grating with a known pitch may be determined. Results for many different gratings have been analysed and show good agreement with groove depths measured from scanning electron micrographs. From these results a universal relationship between the amount of polarization change and the depth of the grating grooves has been determined.
Quality Control of Cadweld (Mechanical) Splices (1979)

Test data for cadweld splicing of reinforcing steel collected during a study of quality assurance practices on nine nuclear power plant construction projects are presented and evaluated. These data lead to an important hypothesis that the visual inspection identifies procedural deficiencies, and the tensile test identifies material defects. It is also suggested that a material testing program and the visual inspection will detect essentially all substandard cadwell splices. This would permit the deletion of the expensive tensile testing program. Accordingly, most quality control programs require overtesting and overdocumentation of cadweld splices; and furthermore, these programs fail to recognize material defects. The project specifications and quality control requirements for the nine projects are compared. Where possible, these are evaluated against the industry standards and Federal regulations. It is shown that there are a number of deficiencies in these standards, and that in most cases, the testing requirements are not commensurate with the quality that is being achieved in the field.