gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of the Bovine with an Artificial Heart as an Experimental Pharmacologic Model Peripheral Vascular and Direct Cardiac Effects of a Large Dose of Dopamine (1978)

ABSTRACT Peripheral vascular and direct cardiac effects of a single intravenous injection of a large dose of dopamine (50μg/Kg) were determined in ten unanesthetized calves before and after replacement of their natural hearts (NH) with pneumatically driven artificial hearts (AH). Data were recorded before and three minutes after injection of dopamine, when alpha adrenergic effects were maximal. Dopamine markedly increased systemic vascular resistance (from 919 to 1490 dyne ˙ sec/cm 5 in NH calves and 896 to 1420 dyne ˙ sec/cm 5 in AH calves), mean aortic pressure (from 105 to 144 torr in NH calves and 109 to 129 torr in AH calves), mean pulmonary artery pressure (from 20 to 25 torr in NH calves and 18 to 30 torr in AH calves), and mean right atrial pressure (from 5 to 8 torr in NH calves and 6 to 10 torr in AH calves). Dopamine significantly decreased stroke volume (from 100 to 90 ml in NH calves and 101 to 74 ml in AH calves) and cardiac output (from 8.7 to 7.3 L/min in NH calves and 9.2 to 6.7 L/min in AH calves). Heart rate was significantly reduced by dopamine in NH calves (from 87 to 81 beats/min) but was fixed (91 beats/min) in AH animals. Changes in stroke volume, cardiac output and mean pulmonary artery pressure were significantly greater in AH calves while mean aortic pressure was increased significantly more in NH calves. Increases in right atrial pressure and systemic vascular resistance after dopamine were similar in both groups of animals. Dopamine also produced marked changes in respiratory dynamics. The compound significantly decreased tidal volume (from 612 to 344 ml in NH calves and 582 to 236 ml in AH calves), minute volume (from 19.6 to 10.3 L/min in NH calves and 20.4 to 6.6 L/min in AH calves) and minute oxygen uptake (from 488 to 430 ml in NH calves and 507 to 355 ml in AH calves). Dopamine also reduced respiratory rate, but only in AH calves (from 35 to 28 breaths/min). Changes in respiratory rate, minute ventilation and oxygen uptake were significantly greater in AH than NH animals. These data demonstrate that large bolus injections of dopamine can produce significant decreases in cardiac output and respiratory dynamics. They also indicate that an animal with an artificial heart, or at least an artificial heart which is unable to respond to the positive inotropic effect of dopamine, will experience a more marked reduction in cardiac output and minute ventilation than an animal with its natural heart.
Nonlinear contrast imaging with Capacitive Micromachined Transducers (2008)

Advantages of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) such as wide frequency bandwidth could be used in nonlinear contrast imaging. However, the driving electrostatic force induces a nonlinear behavior of the CMUT generating thus undesirable harmonic components. Consequently, the use of CMUT for harmonic imaging, with or without contrast agents becomes challenging. To insure their exploitation for nonlinear imaging, a linear and a nonlinear method that compensate the CMUT nonlinear behavior are presented. Optimal parameters of cancellation components were estimated using a needle hydrophone positioned at 5 mm from the source. Alternatively, a wire (perfect reflector) was used and the reflected signal was measured using a single element 5-MHz transducer positioned perpendicularly. A fundamental excitation signal of 2.5 MHz Gaussian pulse was transmitted. The harmonic generation from a 1/2000 diluted solution of Sonovue microbubbles was measured with and without compensation. Compensation methods allow a harmonic reduction of approximately 20 dB when one element or 32 interconnected elements are excited. Second harmonic bubbles responses to CMUT compensated excitations are similar to bubbles echoes from PZT excitation. Results demonstrate the need for compensation methods in nonlinear imaging and the opportunity to use CMUT with traditional harmonic contrast imaging techniques.
Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Noroviruses (2012)

Noroviruses (NoVs) are a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide in humans and animals and are known as very infectious viral agents. They are spread through feces and vomit via several transmission routes involving person-to-person contact, food, and water. Investigation of these transmission routes requires sensitive methods for detection of NoVs. As NoVs cannot be cultivated to date, detection of these viruses relies on the use of molecular methods such as (real-time) reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Regardless of the matrix, detection of NoVs generally requires three subsequent steps: a virus extraction step, RNA purification, and molecular detection of the purified RNA, occasionally followed by molecular genotyping. The current review mainly focused on the molecular detection and genotyping of NoVs. The most conserved region in the genome of human infective NoVs is the ORF1/ORF2 junction and has been used as a preferred target region for molecular detection of NoVs by methods such as (real-time) RT-PCR, NASBA, and LAMP. In case of animal NoVs, broad range molecular assays have most frequently been applied for molecular detection. Regarding genotyping of NoVs, five regions situated in the polymerase and capsid genes have been used for conventional RT-PCR amplification and sequencing. As the expected levels of NoVs on food and in water are very low and inhibition of molecular methods can occur in these matrices, quality control including adequate positive and negative controls is an essential part of NoV detection. Although the development of molecular methods for NoV detection has certainly aided in the understanding of NoV transmission, it has also led to new problems such as the question whether low levels of human NoV detected on fresh produce and shellfish could pose a threat to public health.
Absorption and Urinary Excretion of Chloramphenicol and 2 Analogues, Thiocymetin and U-15,442 in Normal Men. (1960)

Comparison of absorption and urinary recovery of chloramphenicol and 2 of its derivatives, Thiocymetin and U-15,442, has been carried out following administration of single oral doses of 500 mg each in 6 healthy human volunteers. Similar peak concentrations of these drugs were noted in serum but they were achieved later after the dose of Thiocymetin. At 25 hours slight antibiotic activity was still discernible with the 2 derivatives, but not with chloramphenicol. In view of the superior antimicrobial activity of chloramphenicol the 2 derivatives are considered to be inferior to the parent compound in producing antimicrobial activity in serum. In contrast, much higher urinary recoveries were achieved with the 2 derivatives than with chloramphenicol. In the case of Thiocymetin urinary recovery was so great as to more than offset its inferior antimicrobial activity; this was not the case with U-15,442. The high recovery of active Thiomycetin in urine suggests that it is inactivated more slowly or by a different mechanism than is chloramphenicol.
Linear interpolation using CCDs or switched-capacitor filters (1981)

Simple CCD and switched-capacitor circuits are described which increase the sampling rate of signals, using linear interpolation.
Possible "Reentrant" Behavior in Magnetic Properties of TBA[Fe(tdas)2] Complex (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPossible "Reentrant" Behavior in Magnetic Properties of TBA[Fe(tdas)2] ComplexKunio Awaga, Tsunehisa Okuno, Yusei Maruyama, Akiko Kobayashi, Hayao Kobayashi, Stephen Schenk, and Allan E. UnderhillCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 24, 5598–5600Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00102a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00102a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views187Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Contribution of α6 integrins to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell homing to bone marrow and collaboration with α4 integrins (2006)

The laminin receptor integrin alpha6 chain is ubiquitously expressed in human and mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. We have studied its role for homing of stem and progenitor cells to mouse hematopoietic tissues in vivo. A function-blocking anti-integrin alpha6 antibody significantly reduced progenitor cell homing to bone marrow (BM) of lethally irradiated mice, with a corresponding retention of progenitors in blood. Remarkably, the anti-integrin alpha6 antibody profoundly inhibited BM homing of long-term multilineage engrafting stem cells, studied by competitive repopulation assay and analysis of donor-derived lymphocytes and myeloid cells in blood 16 weeks after transplantation. A similar profound inhibition of long-term stem cell homing was obtained by using a function-blocking antibody against alpha4 integrin, studied in parallel. Furthermore, the anti-integrin alpha6 and alpha4 antibodies synergistically inhibited homing of short-term repopulating stem cells. Intravenous injection of anti-integrin alpha6 antibodies, in contrast to antibodies against alpha4 integrin, did not mobilize progenitors or enhance cytokine-induced mobilization by G-CSF. Our results provide the first evidence for a distinct functional role of integrin alpha6 receptor during hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell homing and collaboration of alpha6 integrin with alpha4 integrin receptors during homing of short-term stem cells.
Lives Saved by Helicopter Emergency Medical Services: An Overview of Literature (2009)

Introduction: The objective of this review is to give an overview of literature on the survival benefits of Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS). The included studies were assessed by study design and statistical methodology. Methods: A literature search was performed in the National Library of Medicine's Medline database, extending from 1985 until April 2007. Manuscripts had to be written in English and describe effects of HEMS on survival expressed in number of lives saved. Moreover, analysis had to be performed using adequate adjustment for differences in case-mix. Results: Sixteen publications met the inclusion criteria. All indicated that HEMS assistance contributed to increased survival: Between 1.1 and 12.1 additional survivors were recorded for every 100 HEMS uses. A combination of four reliable studies shows overall mortality reduction of 2.7 additional lives saved per 100 HEMS deployments. Conclusion: Literature shows a clear positive effect on survival associated with HEMS assistance. Efforts should be made to promote consistent methodology, including uniform outcome parameters, in order to provide sufficient scientific evidence to conclude the ongoing debate about the beneficial effects of HEMS.
Evidence of Electron Spin-Dependent Terahertz Light Transport in Spintronic-Plasmonic Media (2007)

In the frog, Rana esculenta, two molecular forms of GnRH, coeluting with chicken (c) GnRH-II and salmon (s) GnRH, have been detected using HPLC and radioimmunoassay. Mammalian (m) GnRH seems to be also present. In amphibians the role of cGnRH-II seems to be primarily the involvement in the regulation of neuroendocrine processes and, while the mGnRH has been postulated to act as a neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator, the activity of sGnRH-like material has not been investigated. Therefore, we have treated the frogs with single or multiple injections of cGnRH-II or sGnRH (6 micrograms) or both peptides (6 micrograms of each) to detect differences in the response measured as testicular or plasma androgen (testosterone plus 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone) concentration during the annual reproductive cycle. The basal profile of testicular and plasma androgen shows that the spring peak disappeared in control animals given multiple injections and kept in short-term captivity. We show in the treatment with cGnRH-II and/or sGnRH that the effects of the peptides depend on the season, the experimental design, and the tissue in which androgen levels were measured. In particular, both peptides strongly stimulate androgen production during the autumn-winter period, the time of the greater response to the GnRHs when basal levels of steroids are highest.
The influence of a potential diffusion control on the outcome of modular polymer-polymer click conjugations (2011)

The only reliable factors for assessing if a polymer-polymer click conjugation is successful are an assessment of the number average M̄n of the resulting molecular weight distribution (MWD) and the shape of the number, respectively, concentration distribution as was demonstrated earlier. The present contribution explores if a potential chain length dependence (CLD) of the conjugation reaction-caused by a potential diffusion control-can affect the outcome of the polymer-polymer click ligation process. The CLD of the click rate coefficient, Ki,j click was implemented via a geometric mean approximation for chain length dependent termination, employing α-values from 1.0 to 0.2. The number averages M̄n and weight averages M̄w (and thus the PDIs) of the initial distributions were varied widely to explore under which conditions CLD effects have the largest impact. The present study clearly demonstrates that-if diffusion effects and thus a CLD of Ki,j click-play a role in polymer-polymer ligation, the MWDs generated through conjugation display a marked conversion dependence, i.e., M click n with the maximum Mclick n being reached at quantitative conversions. While the M̄n reached at quantitative conversions coincides with the M̄n obtained under CL-independent conditions, the final M̄w of both the CLD and non-CLD differs significantly. While the present theoretical study cannot replace the actual experiment, it unambiguously demonstrates that polymer-polymer click conjugations can be influenced by CLD effects. Given the larger α-values for smaller chain length, broad distributions in the range up to approximately 3 000 Da are especially affected. © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Identification of Lysine Acetyltransferase Substrates Using Bioorthogonal Chemical Proteomics (2012)

Bioorthogonal chemical proteomics is a valuable method to identify enzyme-specific substrates, a challenging task by traditional biochemical standards. The addition of recombinant enzyme and alkynyl chemical reporter to complex protein mixtures, such as cell lysates, allows the detection and identification of modified substrates. Proteins that have been modified with the chemical reporter can be selectively labeled with fluorescent dyes for detection or affinity tags for biochemical enrichment and subsequent identification by mass spectrometry. Here, we describe the detection and identification of substrates of the lysine acetyltransferase p300 in nuclear extracts using the chemical reporter 4-pentynoyl-CoA.
Preparing polymer films doped with magnetic nanoparticles by spin-coating and melt-processing can induce an in-plane magnetic anisotropy (2011)

Faraday rotation has been used to investigate a series of polymer films doped with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The films have been prepared by spin-coating and melt-processing. In each case, upon varying the angle of optical incidence on the films, an in-plane magnetic anisotropy is observed. The effect of such an anisotropy on the Faraday rotation as a function of the angle of optical incidence is verified by comparison with magnetically poled films. These results demonstrate that care should be taken upon analyzing the magnetic behavior of such films on account of the sample preparation techniques themselves being able to affect the magnetization.
Simultaneous dual-frequency observations of giant radio pulses from the millisecond pulsar B1937+21 (2003)

Simultaneous dual-frequency observations of giant radio pulses from the millisecond pulsar B1937+21 were performed for the first time in January–February 2002 on the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (2210–2250 MHz) and the 64-m Kalyazin radio telescope (1414–1446 MHz). The total observing time was about three hours. Ten giant pulses with peak flux densities from 600 to 1800 Jy were detected at 2210–2250 MHz, and fifteen giant pulses with peak flux densities from 3000 to 10000 Jy were observed at 1414–1446 MHz. No events were found to occur simultaneously at both frequencies. Thus, the observed radio spectra of individual giant pulses of this pulsar are limited in frequency to scales of about $$\frac{{\Delta v}}{v} < 0.5$$ . The duration of the giant pulses is less than 100 ns and is consistent with the expected scattering timescale in these frequency ranges. Instantaneous radio spectra of the detected giant pulses were compared with the diffractive spectra obtained from ordinary pulses of the pulsar. In some cases, considerable deviations of the radio spectra of the giant pulses from the diffractive spectrum were revealed, which can be interpreted as indicating temporal structure of the giant pulses on timescales of 10–100 ns.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of 3‐ and 4‐Tributylstannylfuran‐2(5H)‐ones. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Controlled puncture and contrast injection into the left ventricle of the heart (1957)

(1957). Controlled puncture and contrast injection into the left ventricle of the heart. Acta Radiologica: Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 33-45.
Moderate and Heavy Alcohol Consumption Have No Favorable Effect on Lipid Values (1992)

Moderate alcohol consumption has been reported to provide protection against coronary heart disease. We studied serum lipid values in 380 men, including 184 controls (37 teetotalers and 147 moderate drinkers), 90 heavy drinkers, and 106 alcoholics. Total cholesterol values were significantly lower among alcoholics than controls (mean +/- SEM, 5.43 +/- 0.15 mmol/L [210 +/- 5.8 mg/dL] vs 6.01 +/- 0.08 mmol/L [232 +/- 3.1 mg/dL]), but their high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol values were higher (1.66 +/- 0.07 mmol/L [64 +/- 2.7 mg/dL] vs 1.14 +/- 0.02 mmol/L [44 +/- 0.8 mg/dL]). Accordingly, there was a highly significant difference in the HDL/total cholesterol ratio (0.32 +/- 0.13 vs 0.19 +/- 0.01). Heavy drinkers had significantly higher total cholesterol values than controls (6.30 +/- 0.13 mmol/L [244 +/- 5.0 mg/dL] vs 6.01 +/- 0.08 mmol/L [232 +/- 3.1 mg/dL]); the same was true of HDL cholesterol values (1.25 +/- 0.07 mmol/L [48 +/- 2.7 mg/dL] vs 1.14 +/- 0.02 mmol/L [44 +/- 0.8 mg/dL]). No significant difference was found in the HDL/total cholesterol ratio between controls and heavy drinkers or between teetotalers and moderate drinkers. Therefore, moderate alcohol intake apparently does not change HDL/total cholesterol ratio; if moderate drinking is protective against coronary heart disease, the mechanism is probably not via lipids.
Evaluating Human Goal-Directed Activities in Virtual and Augmented Environments (2000)

Virhtal and augmented environments have been applied primarily to visualization and entertainment in the past. They are now being explored for goal-directed human activities like surgery, training and collaborative work. For these applications, we are pursuing augmented environments where there are both physical (“real world”) objects, and virtual (computer-generated) objects. These environments may be rendered through graphics, haptics, audio or even olfactory displays.
Radiosensitivity translates into excellent local control in extremity myxoid liposarcoma (2009)

Multidisciplinary management of extremity STS achieves high rates of local control. Myxoid liposarcoma is associated with higher rates of local control compared with other STS subtypes, after combined surgery and radiation, suggesting a particular radiosensitivity that can be exploited to improve oncologic outcome in appropriate cases.
Aluminum permeation of the blood-brain barrier occurs primarily across brain capillaries (1991)

Aluminum has been demonstrated to be neurotoxic and has been implicated in several neurobehavioral disorders. The primary site(s) and mechanism(s) of Al flux across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have not been elucidated. Aluminum (Al) permeation of the BBB was assessed in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Utilizing the in vivo microdialysis technique, unbound extracellular Al concentrations were ascertained at the two potential sites of flux across the BBB; the choroid plexus and brain capillaries. Microdialysis probes were implanted in the lateral ventricle and in the frontal cortex to elucidate flux across the choroid plexus and brain capillaries, respectively. A microdialysis probe was also implanted in the jugular vein to reveal blood Al concentrations. Aluminum citrate was administered via the femoral vein. Peak frontal cortex and blood Al concentration were seen within the first two 5 minute sampling periods. When concentrations were measurable for lateral ventricle, the peak concentrations were also seen within the first two 5 minute sampling periods. Area under the curve (AUC) (concentrations vs. time to last sample time point) values were calculated using RSTRIP. Brain and cerebrospinal fluid AUCs were divided by blood AUC within animal to calculate tissue/blood ratios (TBRs). Frontal cortex TBRs were significantly higher than thosemore » calculated for lateral ventricle. The results indicate that the primary site of Al flux across the BBB occurs at brain capillaries.« less
Phoneme recognition with staged neural networks (2000)

Presents a staged series of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for phoneme recognition for text-to-speech applications. Contrary to much of the prior published literature this approach is not restricted to monosyllabic words or the pronunciation of single multi-syllabic words, but can readily be embodied in a program that allows for the reading of a complete text. Also, it does not require pre-processing to align the letters and phonemes on the training data. The training data utilized are the 2000 most common words in American English. As an illustration it is shown that the staged neural neural network approach works excellent for a sample text (in this case the first paragraph of Frank Baum's "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz").
Starter Metabolism. V. The Mechanism of Acetoin Formation as Determined with C14-Labeled Substrates (1961)

Cl*-labeled substrates, including uniformly labeled glucose and citric acid, 1-5-labeled citric acid, and pyruvates labeled in three different positions were used to determine the source of carbon and mechanism of formation of acetoin by a mixed starter culture consisting predominantly of Streptococcus cremoris and Le,uconostoc species.