gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Azulene. II. Synthesis of Methyl 1-Azuloate<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAzulene. II. Synthesis of Methyl 1-Azuloate1A. G. Anderson Jr. and James J. TazumaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 20, 4979–4980Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01116a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01116a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wide Range Neutron Monitor (1984)

The Wide Range Neutron Monitor (WRNM) is a newly developed neutron monitoring channel which was initially conceived as a means to meet Regulatory Guide 1.97 requirements for post-accident neutron monitoring. The scope was expanded to include the startup monitoring function with the aim of replacing both the source and intermediate range monitors in boiling water reactors. The WRNM, consisting of a newly designed fixed incore regenerative sensor and new electronics, which include both counting and MSV channels has been tested in several reactors and its capabilities have been confirmed. The channel will cover the neutron flux range from 103 nv to 1.5×1013 nv; it has greater than 1 decade overlap between the counting and mean square voltage channels. Because of the regenerative fissile coating the sensor, even though fixed incore, has a life of approximately 6.0 full power years in a 51 kW/liter BWR.
Rate process in brittle fracture. (1989)

An extended formulation of rate equation is proposed so as to treat the rate process in a heterogeneous system, such as crack propagation velocity in brittle fracture. The proposal can be applied for a process in which the excess energy stored in the system is directly relaxed by the reaction. The generalized expression is given as follows, υ=ƒ·exp (-ΔGa/RT) ·ψ· {1-exp (-ΔG0/RT)} where, ν; velocity of the reaction, ƒ; frequency factor, ΔGa; activation energy, ψ; measure unit of the reaction rate remarked (i. e. lattice parameter, in case of crack propagation), ΔG0; excess energy stored in the system which is finally relaxed through the reaction.The term expressed in the parenthesis, corresponds to an effective probability of transformation and it becomes zero under equilibrium state. By the expression, the equilibrium and the rate process can be treated continuously.Assuming linear elasticity and Griffith type crack in SiC single crystal, the relationships between stress-crack length-rate of crack propagation and stress-crack length-time to failure are numerically calculated, and the results are discussed. An example of actual application of the present proposal is shown.
Local approach contributions into the global view of the mechanical crack-tip environment formulation (2007)

AbstrAct Purpose: Physically based understanding, associate fracture processes to local origins. Even so, in elastic-plastic solids the continuum analysis is mainly engaged with the macroscopic scale. Beside global views the current study emphasise the coupled aspects that are determined by local and material-based factors. Design/methodology/approach: Theoretical/experimental interfaces were adopted mainly cantered on interaction problems. Load interaction in static or dynamic loading and deformation/environment interactions were selected. For the load interaction cases, construction materials were investigated. A metastable stainless steel and hydrogen represented the environment interaction case. Experimentally, novel techniques have been utilized mainly on the nano scale including contact methodology and probe microscope visualization. Findings: The macroscopic background that was supplemented by local findings enabled to refine viable models in quantitative terms.
Advanced Braking Methods for Longitudinal Control of Commercial Heavy Vehicles (2000)

In this report, we develop nonlinear dynamical models and longitudinal control algorithms that coordinate variable compression brake mechanism with service brakes for a Class-8 commercial heavy vehicle. For the coordination and full use of these retarding actuators, we model the multivariable system based on physics-based principles and experimental data. We show that, for one specific critical braking maneuver, the coordination of compression and service brakes reduces the use of the service brakes by a factor of 45, and that it reduces the settling time by a factor of 2. Key words: Advanced Vehicle Control Systems, Brakes, Commercial Vehicle Operations. Speed Control, Vehicle Dynamics
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Synthesis of (‐)‐Calicheamicinone and of (+)‐Calicheamicinone. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
New Route to Biaryl Phosphanes with Axial Chirality as Ligands for Enantioselective Hydrogenations (2004)

Abstract We have found a modular route for the synthesis of Cl‐MeOBIPHEP ligands via the corresponding biphenol that allows us to introduce several substituents without the necessity to separate the enantiomers of each derivative. These new diphosphanes were used in the ruthenium‐catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation of dimethyl itaconate with ee values up to 97%.
A Fatigue Testing Machine of Rotary-Loading Type for Liquid Metal-Environment at High Temperature and its Application to Study of Fatigue Strength of Low Carbon Steel in Molten Lead and Zinc (1966)

The more extensive application of liquid metal coolants to high temperature heat exchange systems today requires the estimation of fatigue properties and creep resistance of metals and alloys in liquid metal environment at elevated temperature. Only a limited amount of work on this subject, however, has hitherto been carried out. This investigation has been started to study the effect of liquid metal environment on the fatigue properties of steels. With a view to securing reliable contact of the specimen with liquid metal and the accuracy of temperature measurement, a fatigue testing machine has been developed of a vertical, cantilever-bending, rotary-loading and fixed specimen type. The molten metal held in a steel container with ceramic coating with the specimen suspended in it is heated in an electric resistance furnace.The preliminary results obtained on the low carbon steel in air, molten lead and zinc at 460°C and 550°C are summarized as follows;(1) The fatigue strength in molten lead of 460°C and 550°C is less than that in air and in higher temperature the difference increases.(2) The fatigue strength in molten zinc is extremely decreased in comparison with that in air because of embrittlement by liquid metal, dissolution of steel into molten zinc and repeated formation and cracking of brittle intermetallic compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: AMP Deaminase Inhibitors. Part 5. Design, Synthesis, and SAR of a Highly Potent Inhibitor Series (I) and (II). (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Open source information retrieval : a report on the SIGIR 2012 workshop (2012)

On August 16, 2012 the SIGIR 2012 Workshop on Open Source Information Retrieval was held as part of the SIGIR 2012 conference in Portland, Oregon, USA. There were 2 invited talks, one from industry and one from academia. There were 6 full papers and 6 short papers presented as well as demonstrations of 4 open source tools. Finally there was a lively discussion on future directions for the open source Information Retrieval community. This contribution discusses the events of the workshop and outlines future directions for the community.
The Magnetic Properties of Chromium-Tellurium-Selenium System (1956)

The change of magnetic properties due to the replacement of tellurium by selenium in CrTe, which has NiAs structure, was investigated. Ferrcomagnetism is observed in the concentration range from x =0 to x =0.8, where x is defined by Cr(Te 1- x Se x ). The compounds outside this range are para- or antiferromagnetic. In the paramagnetic range of temperature the Curie-Weiss law is found to be valid. It was also found that the Curie-Weiss constant is independent of concentration in the neighbourhood of CrTe and CrSe respectively, and varies abruptly at the transition concentration from ferro-to antiferromagnetic state. A short discussion are given.
Monitoring Vigilance during Perimetry by Using Pupillography (2010)

PURPOSE. To report and present data on a method for monitoring patient vigilance during a visual field test by using pupillometry. METHODS. Pupil diameter was recorded at 60 Hz with an eye movement tracking system in 13 patients attending the glaucoma outpatient clinics at Manchester Royal Eye Hospital. The patients were instructed to fixate a central target and to press a response button when they saw a stimulus that was randomly presented 5 degrees to the left or right of fixation. A repetitive up/down bracketing strategy was used (1-dB steps, 2-second interstimulus intervals, 10-minute duration) at these two locations. Wavelet analysis was used to extract a denoised measure of the pupil diameter and the amplitude of any pupillary fatigue waves. The relationship between the probability of seeing a stimulus and these two components of the pupil response was investigated. RESULTS. Good pupil data were obtained from 12 patients. Most (8/12) showed gradual miosis and periods of pupillary fatigue waves during the recording session. Pupillary fatigue waves became more evident with test duration, and the probability of seeing a stimulus was higher when the pupil was dilated (P < 0.001) and the amplitude of the papillary fatigue waves was low (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS. Pupil miosis and fatigue wave amplitude are related to vigilance in patients who take a perimetric-type test. Pupillography can be used to investigate vigilance and how it contributes to perimetric variability.
Improving welfare and reducing stress on animals at slaughter plants. (2014)

Careful quiet handling during the last 15 min before slaughter is essential to reduce stress and maintain high meat quality. The use of electric prods on cattle and pigs, and the use of dogs on sheep, greatly increases lactate and cortisol levels. Adverse handling events that occur shortly before slaughter have a detrimental effect on meat quality. Another source of stress during pre-slaughter handling is the effect of suddenly introducing the animal into a totally unfamiliar new environment. Animals that are more reactive to new environments on the farm experience more stress at slaughter. Training animals and getting them accustomed to handling and moving through alleys on the farm make them easier to handle and reduce stress at the slaughter plant. Simple improvements in the handling facility can also facilitate animal movement. Non-slip flooring is essential and lights can be used to attract animals into races. Changes in lighting to reduce reflections on wet floors or metal will also improve animal movement. This chapter covers the design and layout of lairages, races, crowd pens and restrainers. If animals vocalize (bellow or squeal) while held in a head or body restraint device at the slaughter plant, either the design of the device or its operation needs to be improved.
Evolutionary Visual Exploration: Evaluation of an IEC Framework for Guided Visual Search (2015)

We evaluate and analyse a framework for evolutionary visual exploration (EVE) that guides users in exploring large search spaces. EVE uses an interactive evolutionary algorithm to steer the exploration of multidimensional data sets toward two-dimensional projections that are interesting to the analyst. Our method smoothly combines automatically calculated metrics and user input in order to propose pertinent views to the user. In this article, we revisit this framework and a prototype application that was developed as a demonstrator, and summarise our previous study with domain experts and its main findings. We then report on results from a new user study with a clearly predefined task, which examines how users leverage the system and how the system evolves to match their needs. While we previously showed that using EVE, domain experts were able to formulate interesting hypotheses and reach new insights when exploring freely, our new findings indicate that users, guided by the interactive evolutionary algorithm, are able to converge quickly to an interesting view of their data when a clear task is specified. We provide a detailed analysis of how users interact with an evolutionary algorithm and how the system responds to their exploration strategies and evaluation patterns. Our work aims at building a bridge between the domains of visual analytics and interactive evolution. The benefits are numerous, in particular for evaluating interactive evolutionary computation (IEC) techniques based on user study methodologies.
EFFECT OF VARUS ALIGNMENT ON THE BONE-IMPLANT INTERACTION OF CEMENTLESS TIBIAL BASEPLATES (2021)

Introduction Varus alignment in total knee replacement (TKR) results in a larger portion of the joint load carried by the medial compartment.[1] Increased burden on the medial compartment could neg...
CIRCADIAN PHASE-DEPENDENT PROLACTIN MECHANISMS IN HEPATIC LIPOGENESIS OF A TELEOST (1979)

In the teleost, Fundulus grandis, injections of prolactin early in the light phase cause an immediate 50% depression in the rate of hepatic lipogenesis ([14C]acetate incorporation); 10 h later, that rate has returned to levels not different from controls. Injections of prolactin late in the light phase cause an even more dramatic immediate depression of lipogenesis (79%) followed by a gradual increase in lipogenic rate which is 2.6 times higher than the control rate after 24 h. The stimulation of lipogenesis by prolactin is blocked by simultaneous treatment with indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. These circadian phase-dependent effects of prolactin on hepatic lipogenesis are discussed with reference to possible mechanisms of action exerted by endogenous prolactin rhythms.
THE IMPACT OF FOOT POSITION ON ELECTROMYOGRAPHICAL ACTIVITY OF THE SUPERFICIAL QUADRICEPS MUSCLES DURING LEG EXTENSION (2005)

This study investigated variations in electromyographic (EMG) responses of the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and vastus medialis (VM) due to foot position during leg extension. Twenty-four men and women (23.67 ± 4.02 years) performed 8 repetitions at 70% of 8 repetition maximum with their leg medially rotated, laterally rotated, and neutral. Repeated-measures analyses of variance indicated that the highest normalized root mean square (NrmsEMG) for the VM and VL occurred with medial rotation, and the highest NrmsEMG for the RF occurred with lateral rotation. Significant NrmsEMG increases and median power frequency decreases occurred across repetitions regardless of foot position. Therefore, medial rotation produced the greatest muscle activation for the VL and VM, whereas lateral rotation produced the greatest activation in the RF. These findings are applicable to athletes or bodybuilders who are seeking to selectively increase either the size or performance of a specific muscle of the quadriceps group.
Complete <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectral assignment of some polynitropolycyclic cage molecules by 2D NMR spectroscopy (1991)

Abstract The 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of several saturated polynitropolycyclic molecules were unambiguously assigned using aromatic solvent‐induced shifts, NOE difference spectra, 1 H– 1 H COSY spectra and 2D 13 C– 1 H shift correlated spectra, optimized either for one‐bond or long‐range 13 C– 1 H couplings.
Preparation and reactivity of 2‐Aza‐1,3‐butadienes: A Diels‐Alder route to 5,6‐dihydro‐2<i>H</i>‐1,3‐oxazine derivatives (1985)

Abstract 2‐Aza‐1,3‐butadiene derivatives 2 are synthesized by dimerization of imines 1 . These azadienes are precursors of 5,6‐dihydro‐2 H ‐1,3‐oxazine derivatives 4 and 5 by means of a [4 + 2]cycloaddition reaction with aldehydes.
Challenges in Managing Implicit and Abstract Provenance Data: Experiences with ProvManager (2011)

Running scientific workflows in distributed and heterogeneous environments has been motivating the definition of provenance gathering approaches that are loosely coupled to workflow management systems. We have developed a provenance management system named ProvManager to manage provenance data in distributed and heterogeneous environments independent of a specific Scientific Workflow Management System. The experience of using ProvManager in real workflow applications has shown many provenance management issues that are not addressed in current related work. We have faced challenges such as the necessity of dealing with implicit provenance data and the lack of higher provenance abstraction levels. This paper discusses and points to directions towards these challenges, contextualizing them according to our experience in developing ProvManager.
<i>In vitro</i> changes in mitochondrial potential, aggresome formation and caspase activity by a novel 17‐β‐estradiol analogue in breast adenocarcinoma cells (2013)

2-Methoxyestradiol, a natural metabolite of estradiol, exerts antiproliferative and antitumour properties in vitro and in vivo. Because of its low oral bioavailability, several promising analogues of 2-methoxyestradiol have been developed. In this study, the in vitro influence of the compound, 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10)16-tetraene (C19), a non-commercially available 17-β-estradiol analogue, was tested on the breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cell line. The in vitro influence of 24 h exposure to 0.18 μM of C19 on MCF-7 cells was evaluated on cell morphology, cell cycle progression and possible induction of apoptosis and autophagy. Polarization-optical transmitted light differential interference contrast and fluorescence microscopy revealed the presence of cells blocked in metaphase, occurrence of apoptotic bodies and compromised cell density in C19-treated cells. Hallmarks of autophagy, namely an increase in the number of acidic vacuoles and lysosomes, were also observed in C19-treated samples. An increase in the number of cells present in the sub-G1 fraction, as well as a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential was observed. No significant alterations in caspase 8 activity were observed. A twofold increase in aggresome formation was observed in C19-treated cells. C19 induced both apoptosis and autophagy in MCF-7 cells.
A Small Portable Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Generator for Medical Applications (1997)

Small, lightweight power sources for total artificial hearts (TAH), left ventricular assist devices (LVAD), and other medical products are under development. The new power source will provide 2 to 3 times the capacity of conventional batteries. The implications of this new power source are profound. For example, for the Heartmate LVAD, 5 to 8 hours of operation are obtained with 3 lb of lead acid batteries (Personal Communication Mr. Craig Sherman, Thermo Cardiosystems, Inc TCI 11/29/96). With the same weight, as much as 14 hours of operation appear achievable with the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell power source. Energy densities near 135 watt-hour/L are achievable. These values significantly exceed those of most conventional and advanced primary and secondary batteries. The improvement is mission dependent and even applies for the short deployment cited above. The comparison to batteries becomes even more favorable if the mission length is increased. The higher capacity requires only replacement of lightweight hydride cartridges and logistically available water. Therefore, when one spare 50 L hydride cartridge weighing 115 g is added to the reactant supply the energy density of the total system increases to 230 watt-hour/kg. This new power source is comprised of a hydrogen fueled, air-breathing PEM fuel cell and a miniature hydrogen generator (US Patent No 5,514,353). The fuel cell is of novel construction and differs from conventional bipolar PEM fuel cells by the arrangement of cells on a single sheet of ion-exchange membrane. The construction avoids the weight and volume penalty of conventional bipolar stacks. The hydrogen consumed by the fuel cell is generated load-responsively in the miniature hydrogen generator, by reacting calcium hydride with water, forming in the process hydrogen and lime. The generator is cartridge rechargeable and available in capacities providing up to several hundred watt-hours of electric power.
Formamid‐Reaktionen, XI. Darstellung, Eigenschaften und Umsetzungen des Pyrimidins (1958)

Abstract Pyrimidin erhält man in guter Ausbeute in einer kontinuierlichen Gasphasen‐reaktion aus β‐funktionellen Carbonylverbindunen. Reaktionen an den N‐Atomen des Pyrimidins führen zu Additionsverbindungen, quartären Salzen und N ‐Oxyden. Metallorganische Verbindungen geben mit Pyrimidin 4‐substituierte Derivate. Die Bromierung führt in guter Ausbeute zum 5‐Brompyrimidin, das zu weiteren Umsetzungen befähigt ist. Es wird ein Überblick über die Chemie des Pyrimidins gegeben.
Coagulum Pyelolithotomy: Impact on Unrecognized Stones (1985)

The use of coagulum free of thrombin to remove 313 renal calculi from 46 patients is reviewed. Twenty-six additional calculi removed from 17 patients were not apparent on preoperative studies. Of the 313 stones apparent preoperatively 3 were not extracted in the coagulum. Other means (stone forceps and so forth) were used to deliver 2 of these calculi and 1 was left in the kidney. Incisions used for these procedures included the conventional flank incision in 9 patients, a 10 cm. posterior flank incision in 30 and lumbotomy in 7. Adjunctive use of coagulum in 8 additional patients is presented. The recovery of more than the preoperatively identified renal calculi may be an advantage for coagulum pyelolithotomy. The length of hospital stay in these 46 patients averaged 4.8 days, with an average operative time of 1.22 hours. The patients returned to work within an average of 13 days. We suggest that these data are comparable to other methods of pyelonephrolithotomy.
VI (2009)

<sc>It was</sc> after he had in fact, two months later, heard from New York that she paid him a visit one morning at his own quarters*—coming not as she had come in Venice, under his extreme solicitation, but as a need recognised...
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐HYDRAZINO‐5H‐PYRIDAZINO (4,5‐B) INDOLE, A NEW ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT (1979)

Abstract Die Titelverbindung (VIa) wird aus dem Pyridazinoindol (III), das sich nach zwei Methoden darstellen läßt, entweder über (V) oder (VII) synthetisiert.