gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intestinal Adenyl-Cyclase Activity in Canine Cholera: Correlation with Fluid Accumulation (1972)

Recent evidence suggests that the diarrheal effect of cholera enterotoxin is mediated by stimulation of intestinal adenyl cyclase and increased formation of intracellular adenosine 3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP). This study demonstrates the stimulation of adenyl cyclase in canine jejunal mucosa by cholera toxin during experimental cholera. Percentage increase of basal adenyl-cyclase activity correlates in time course and magnitude with simultaneously measured changes of net water and sodium fluxes. Onset of enzyme activation and change of net water and sodium fluxes occur simultaneously between 30 and 60 min. Maximal changes in activity of the enzyme and net movement of water and sodium also coincide at 150 and 180 min. By 48 hr, the restoration of normal fluxes is accompanied by the return of enzymatic activity to baseline value. Regression analysis shows a linear correlation between the percentage of adenyl-cyclase stimulation and the magnitude of changes of net water and sodium flux. These data strongly support the hypothesis that adenyl cyclase is the mediator of the accumulation of intestinal fluid in cholera.
Initiation and Ontogeny of the Microsporangiate Cone in Cupressus Arizonica in Response to Gibberellin (1967)

Cupressus arizonica, a member of the Cupressaceae, was induced to produce pollen cones in response to gibberellin treatment. All apices remained vegetative during the first 17 days of treatment. At this time many lateral vegetative apices began to undergo a transition to the reproductive state. The transition was marked by changes in apical zonation characterized by increased mitotic activity primarily in the subapical mother-cell and peripheral zones. Also, precocious initiation of branch meristems occurred much higher on the shoot apex than before the transition period. About 22 days after the initial treatment, most apices became distinctly reproductive. The reproductive apex has a zonation pattern similar to the branching apex but is shorter and wider and quite distinct from the vegetative apex. The small subapical mother cells and cells of the peripheral zone form a continuous mantle of mitotically active cells with prominent nucleoli. This mantle encloses a very broad pith region which differentiates nearly to the summit of the apex. Microsporophyll and leaf initiation are similar and the protoderm of the apex remains discrete and does not contribute to deeper tissues. Sporangia do not originate from superficial cells of the microsporophyll. After all microsporophylls are initiated the reproductive apex becomes inactive. A discussion concerns the morphological implication in the origin of the foliar structures and of the similarity of C. arizonica to many angiosperms in the transition of the apex from vegetative to reproductive.
In Memoriam — Howard B. Eisenberg (2002)

This is a tribute to Howard B. Eisenberg.
Laminar Flame Speed Measurements of H2/CO/CO2 Mixtures Up to 15 atm and 600 K Preheat Temperature (2008)

Laminar flame speeds of lean H2/CO/CO2 (syngas) fuel mixtures have been measured for a range of H2 levels (20–90% of the fuel) at pressures and reactant preheat temperatures relevant to gas turbine combustors (up to 15 atm and 600 K). A conical flame stabilized on a contoured nozzle is used for the flame speed measurement, which is based on the reaction zone area calculated from chemiluminescence imaging of the flame. A O2:He mixture (1:9 by volume) is used as the oxidizer, rather than standard air, in order to suppress the hydrodynamic and thermo-diffusive instabilities that become prominent at elevated pressure conditions for lean H2/CO fuel mixtures. All the measurements are compared with numerical predictions based on two leading kinetic mechanisms: the H2/CO mechanism of Davis et al. and the C1 mechanism of Li et al. The results generally agree with the findings of an earlier study at atmospheric pressure: 1) for low H2 content (<40%) fuels, the model predictions are in good agreement with measurements at both 300 K and 600 K preheat temperature; but 2) the models tend to over predict the temperature dependence of the flame speed for medium (∼40–60%) and high (> 60%) H2 content fuels, especially at very lean conditions. The elevated pressure (∼15 atm) results, however, reveal that the effect is less pronounced than at atmospheric pressure. The exaggerated temperature dependence of the current models may be due to errors in the temperature dependence used for so-called “low temperature” reactions that become more important as the preheat temperature is increased. The radiation effects associated with CO2 addition to the fuel (up to 40%) is found to be less important for medium and high H2 content syngas fuels at elevated pressure and preheat temperature.
Pregnancy and contraception in a French cohort of HIV-infected women (1997)

The study supports an association between the discovery of HIV infection and a decrease in the proportion of women who are sexually active, a decrease in the incidence of pregnancy in general and live-births in particular, and an increase in the proportion of pregnancies voluntarily interrupted. Nevertheless, 24% of the women became pregnant and around 20% of sexually active women were not using any contraception. The high rate of voluntary abortion may indicate that many of these pregnancies were unplanned and could have been prevented.
POSTOPERATIVE GIANT RETROPERITONEAL HEMATOMA DUE TO THE APPEARANCE OFCOAGULATION FACTOR VIII INHIBITOR-A CASE REPORT- (2000)

A case of giant retroperitoneal hematoma due to the appearance of coagulation factor VIII inhibitor is reported. A 69-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of hematemesis, and was operated on with a diagnosis of early cancer of the cardiac part of the stomach. After the operation, hemorrhage from ulcer at the anastomosed site occurred which demanded reoperation. Thereafter the patient had hematemesis again but was conservatively managed. Two months later, however, a giant hematoma was abruptly formed at the retroperitoneum and shock occurred. On a coagulation test, a prolongation in APTT alone was noted. Exploration revealed that it was bleeding tendency due to the appearance of the factor VIII inhibitor. The cause was obscure, but the APTT level was normalized for a time after starting the prednisolone regimen. An immunological analysis of the inhibitor demonstrated that it was IgG type autoantibody and IgG1 and IgG4 as IgG subclass. Bleeding tendency due to the appearance of coagulation factor VIII inhibitor often causes severe hemorrhagic symptoms like in this case, with a high mortality rate due to hemorrhage. So the recognition and rapid treatment of the disease are of importance.
Stability of Composite Cathode Consisting of Doped Bismuth Oxide (Y<sub>0.25</sub>Bi<sub>0.75</sub>O<sub>1.5</sub>) and Conducting Perovskite La<sub>1-X</sub>Sr<sub>x</sub>MeO<sub>3-</sub> <sub>δ</sub> (Me=Mn, Cu) (2013)

The mixed conducting cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells usually consist of a mixture of oxygen ion conductor and a conducting perovskite oxide. Bismuth oxide based materials are known to exhibit high ionic conductivity. Among them, Y 0.25 Bi 0.75 O 1.5 (25YSB) is a typical example. On the other hand, La 0.8 Sr 0.2 MnO 3-δ (20LSM) and La 0.75 Sr 0.25 CuO 3-δ (25LSCu) are well known cathodes for SOFC applications. In this study, the phase stability of composite cathode consisting of 25LSCu or 20LSM and 25YSB mixed powders was examined. No additional phase other than LSM and YSB was observed at temperatures as high as 1000 o C for 8h. However, 25LSCu tends to react with 25YSB and additional phases belonging to La 0.3 Bi 0.7 O 1.5 , La 2 CuO 4 , CuO and Bi 2 Sr 2 CuO 6 appeared after heat treatment at 800 o C for 20h. The conductivity of 20LSM-25YSB composite electrode increases with increasing volume fraction of 20LSM. The thermal expansion of 20LSM-25YSB composite electrode was also measured as a function of 25YSB content. Based on these results, 20LSM+25YSB is believed to be the desired composite cathode for SOFC application.
Photonics Circuits Technology for RF Photonics Systems (2000)

Abstract : Optical transmission of analog RF signals is potentially useful in a number of applications including RF distribution systems. Such systems can be used in commercial CATV and wireless communications and in military communication and radar systems. With compatible components used at transmitters and receivers, analog fiber optic links suffer much less performance degradation than conventional coaxial cable links as the system bandwidth increases. In the first year program we studied large Optical Cavity waveguide modulator design and demonstrated a low optical insertion loss waveguide modulator at 1.34 microns wavelength (as low as 8 dB w/o AR coating). This design is based Upon the matching of the mode profile of the fiber and the modulator waveguides. The design is extended to 1.55 microns wavelength. We also demonstrated a novel scheme of bias-tracking of the electroabsorption waveguide modulator. The scheme is based upon the photocurrent generated at the modulator. Effective tracking is obtained as the polarization, wavelength (or ambient temperature), and power of the input light are varied. Experimental evidence was obtained for a combined Franz-Keldysh effect and Quantum Confined Stark Effect modulator for a large multi-octave spurious free dynamic range. Low loss planar photoelastic waveguide on both InP and GaAs substrates was achieved.
Box-Cox Transformation for Conditional Heteroscedasticity in Domestic Financial Time Series (2004)

Box-Cox power transformation is employed for analyzing volatilities in Korean financial time series such as KOSPI, KOSDAQ index and interest rates. Statistical procedures for Box-Cox transformed ARCH models are presented. For illustration, diverse financial time series data are analyzed and appropriate power transformations are suggested for each data.
Mutant of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> with Lincomycin- and Carbomycin-Inducible Resistance to Erythromycin (1974)

A mutant of Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in which lincomycin and carbomycin (but not erythromycin) induced resistance to erythromycin. This pattern displayed a reversal of the usual specificity of induction seen in the erythromycin-inducible parent strain from which the mutant was selected.
Efficient quantum circuits for approximating the Jones polynomial (2008)

Freedman, Kitaev, and Wang proved the equivalence between quantum field theory and quantum computation, and consequently showed that the problem of approximating the Jones polynomial (a knot invariant) at the fifth root of unity is BQP-complete. Recently, Aharonov, Jones, and Landau proposed a concrete quantum algorithm, called the AJL algorithm, that approximates the Jones polynomial at the $k$th root of unity in polynomial time. In this paper, we propose a new method for implementing the AJL algorithm, which improves the performance from $O(mn\log^2k)$ to $O(mn)$. Here, $n$ is the number of strands, $m$ is the number of the crossings in a braid. Since, in the AJL algorithm, $m$ and $k$ are assumed to be given as polynomials in $n$, the difference in the performance between the original implementation and our design is significant if $k$ is a large-degree polynomial.
Interval stability for complex systems (2018)

Stability of dynamical systems against strong perturbations is an important problem of nonlinear dynamics relevant to many applications in various areas. Here, we develop a novel concept of interval stability, referring to the behavior of the perturbed system during a finite time interval. Based on this concept, we suggest new measures of stability, namely interval basin stability (IBS) and interval stability threshold (IST). IBS characterizes the likelihood that the perturbed system returns to the stable regime (attractor) in a given time. IST provides the minimal magnitude of the perturbation capable to disrupt the stable regime for a given interval of time. The suggested measures provide important information about the system susceptibility to external perturbations which may be useful for practical applications. Moreover, from a theoretical viewpoint the interval stability measures are shown to bridge the gap between linear and asymptotic stability. We also suggest numerical algorithms for quantification of the interval stability characteristics and demonstrate their potential for several dynamical systems of various nature, such as power grids and neural networks.
Consensus alignment for reliable framework prediction in homology modeling (2003)

We have developed an algorithm called Consensus that consistently provides a high quality alignment for comparative modeling. The method follows from a benchmark analysis of the 3D models generated by ten alignment techniques for a set of 79 homologous protein structure pairs. For 20-to-40% of the targets, these methods yield models with at least 6 A root mean square deviation (RMSD) from the native structure. We have selected the top five performing methods, and developed a consensus algorithm to generate an improved alignment. By building on the individual strength of each method, a set of criteria was implemented to remove the alignment segments that are likely to correspond to structurally dissimilar regions. The automated algorithm was validated on a different set of 48 protein pairs, resulting in 2.2 A average RMSD for the predicted models, and only four cases in which the RMSD exceeded 3 A. The average length of the alignments was about 75% of that found by standard structural superposition methods. The performance of Consensus was consistent from 2 to 32% target-template sequence identity, and hence it can be used for accurate prediction of framework regions in homology modeling.
Destructive or Cooperative Attack of Iodide Anions on Alkyltriiodophosphonium Cations: Elimination of Iodine in Solution and Layer Structures in the Solid State (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDestructive or Cooperative Attack of Iodide Anions on Alkyltriiodophosphonium Cations: Elimination of Iodine in Solution and Layer Structures in the Solid StateWolf-Walther du Mont, Volkmar Stenzel, Joerg Jeske, Peter G. Jones, Angelika Sebald, Siegfried Pohl, Wolfgang Saak, and Michael BaetcherCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 7, 1502–1505Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00085a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00085a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Single-phase high Tc superconducting Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10 films (1989)

We have routinely produced single‐phase high Tc superconducting Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10(2223) thin films 0.2 to 1.0 μm thick on MgO(100) and SrTiO3(100) substrates by dc diode sputtering. A single compound target with a composition of Tl2.3Ba2Ca2Cu3Ox was used. Pure argon sputtering has been employed. The as‐deposited films need subsequent heat treatment under air on O2 with an inclusion of Tl‐Ba‐Ca‐Cu‐O powder compact to become superconducting. The Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10 films have a Tc onset at 125 K and a Tc (R=0) at 116 K. Critical current densities Jc’s measured by the transport method are as high as 105 A/cm2 at 100 K. X‐ray diffraction studies show that the films are of single phase, and have a strong preferred orientation with the c‐axis perpendicular to the film plane. Film morphology and microstructure are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Synthesis, Structure, Characterization, and Decomposition of Nickel Dithiocarbamates: Effect of Precursor Structure and Processing Conditions on Solid-State Products (2016)

Single-crystal X-ray structures of four nickel dithiocarbamate complexes, the homoleptic mixed-organic bis-dithiocarbamates Ni[S2CN(isopropyl)(benzyl)]2, Ni[S2CN(ethyl)(n-butyl)]2, and Ni[S2CN(phenyl)(benzyl)]2, as well as the heteroleptic mixed-ligand complex NiCl[P(phenyl)3][(S2CN(phenyl)(benzyl)], were determined. Synthetic, spectroscopic, structural, thermal, and sulfide materials studies are discussed in light of prior literature. The spectroscopic results are routine. A slightly distorted square-planar nickel coordination environment was observed for all four complexes. The organic residues adopt conformations to minimize steric interactions. Steric effects also may determine puckering, if any, about the nickel and nitrogen atoms, both of which are planar or nearly so. A trans-influence affects the Ni-S bond distances. Nitrogen atoms interact with the CS2 carbons with a bond order of about 1.5, and the other substituents on nitrogen display transoid conformations. There are no strong intermolecular interactions, consistent with prior observations of the volatility of nickel dithiocarbamate complexes. Thermogravimetric analysis of the homoleptic species under inert atmosphere is consistent with production of 1:1 nickel sulfide phases. Thermolysis of nickel dithiocarbamates under flowing nitrogen produced hexagonal or -NiS as the major phase; thermolysis under flowing forming gas produced millerite (-NiS) at 300 C, godlevskite (Ni9S8) at 325 and 350 C, and heazlewoodite (Ni3S2) at 400 and 450 C. Failure to exclude oxygen results in production of nickel oxide. Nickel sulfide phases produced seem to be primarily influenced by processing conditions, in agreement with prior literature. Nickel dithiocarbamate complexes demonstrate significant promise to serve as single-source precursors to nickel sulfides, a quite interesting family of materials with numerous potential applications.
Soluble and fusible polyamides and polyimides containing pyrazoline moieties and their crosslinking to heat-resistant resins (1997)

3-(4-Aminophenyl)-5-(3-aminophenyl)-2-pyrazoline as well as the 1-acetyl- or 1-benzoyl-substituted derivatives of this compound were synthesized and used for preparing a new series of polyamides and polyimides. Characterization of polymers was accomplished by inherent viscosity, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, x-ray, DTA, TMA, TGA, and isothermal gravimetric analysis. The properties of polymers were correlated with their chemical structures. They were amorphous or microcrystalline and soluble in polar aprotic solvents, CCl3COOH, and m-cresol. The polyamides showed an excellent solubility being soluble even in o-dichlorobenzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, and chloroform. The polymers displayed Tg at 127–163°C and softening at 150–195°C. The polyamide bearing unsubstituted pyrazoline moieties was remarkably more hydrophilic than those containing 1-acetyl- or 1-benzoyl-substituted pyrazoline segments. Upon curing, crosslinked polymers were obtained and their thermal stability was evaluated. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 1353–1361, 1997
A Relationship Between Time-Reversal Imaging and Maximum-Likelihood Scattering Estimation (2007)

Time-reversal methods have attracted increasing interest recently. The so-called computational time-reversal approach creates an image of the illuminated scene by computing the back-propagated field and is useful for detecting and estimating targets in the scene. In Shi and Nehorai [ldquoMaximum Likelihood Estimation of Point Scatterers for Computational Time-Reversal Imaging,rdquo Communications in Information and Systems, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 227-256, 2005], we estimated point scatterers by maximum-likelihood estimate (MLE) using the Born-approximated physical model, as well as the Foldy-Lax model. In this correspondence, we further find an explicit relationship between energy-based basic time-reversal imaging and the MLE approach: the time-reversal imaging function differs by only a scaling factor from the likelihood imaging function using the estimated scattering potential when a single-scatterer model is employed. Furthermore, this scaling factor is a function of the imaging position only. We show that, as a result, time-reversal imaging has a near-far problem that tends to produce a weaker image for areas further away from the imaging arrays, whereas the MLE-based image is more balanced. Experimental results confirm this conclusion.
Conversion of Solid Waste to Diesel via Catalytic Pressureless Depolymerization: Pilot Scale Production and Detailed Compositional Characterization (2016)

Solid waste is considered as one of the key feedstocks for the chemical industry to stimulate the world’s transition toward a circular economy. Therefore, a novel production process, catalytic pressureless depolymerization (CPD), for conversion of waste to high-energy density liquid fuel has been studied. More specifically, the organic fractions recovered from demolition waste and municipal solid waste were liquefied and deoxygenated in a CPD pilot plant with 150 L h–1 (4.2 × 10–5 m3 s–1) liquid fuel capacity. The produced fuels were characterized by elemental analysis, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC), and the ISO tests for automotive diesel established by the EN 590:2009 Standard. The studied fuels showed very low oxygen contents (<0.4 wt %) and a high share of paraffins (>40 wt %). The carbon range of the fuel obtained from demolition wood was wider than that of the fuel obtained from municipal solid waste (C5–C29 vs. C6–C22). The flash points (54, 46 °C), the sulfur contents (40, 80 ppmw), and the cetane numbers (43, 33) did not comply with the respective requirements for automotive diesel (i.e., ≥55 °C, <10 ppmw, and ≥51). Nevertheless, both fuels showed salient cold filter plugging points (−14, −15 °C) and cloud points (−15, −44 °C), which are indicative of good fuel performance at extreme winter conditions. The wide carbon number distribution, especially toward the lower range (i.e., carbon number < C12), suggests that the studied fuels can be split into a kerosene-like and a diesel-like cut. Overall, the fuels from the CPD process exhibit great potential as alternative transportation fuel; however, selecting the starting material is crucial for minimizing costly hydrotreating.
A Specific Survival Response in Dopamine Neurons at Most Risk in Parkinson's Disease (2006)

The specific expression of fibroblast growth factor 20 (FGF-20) in the adult substantia nigra and the association between FGF-20 mutations and Parkinson's disease provoked exploration of the function of this growth factor. We show by gain- and loss-of-function in vitro experiments that FGF-20 promotes survival and stimulates dopamine (DA) release in a calbindin-negative subset of cells that are preferentially lost in Parkinson's disease. FGF-20 selectively activates tyrosine hydroxylase in calbindin-negative neurons. In the adult substantia nigra, calbindin-negative neurons specifically express high levels of FGFR1 (FGF receptor 1). These data show that FGF signals to elevate DA levels and protect the specific midbrain neuron type at most risk in Parkinson's patients.