gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monocytes Secrete Interleukin‐6 When Co‐Cultured <i>In Vitro</i> with Benign or Malignant Autologous Fragment Spheroids from Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients (2000)

Biopsies from tumour and benign mucosa were removed from patients with head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (HNSCC), chopped into cubes and transferred to a nonadhesive culture system where in vitro fragment (F)-spheroids were established. The F-spheroids stabilized within 14 days of culture in vitro with epithelial cells and fibroblasts on the surface. F-spheroids were co-cultured with freshly isolated autologous monocytes. The monocytes of 10 of 11 patients secreted interleukin (IL)-6 at a level similar to that of the average monocyte endotoxin-stimulated response. Secreted IL-1beta or tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels greater than 0.1 times the endotoxin-stimulated secretion were determined in one and two of the 11 co-culture experiments, respectively. This different monocyte response to F-spheroids compared with endotoxin stimulation was also present at the mRNA expression level. HNSCC monocytes secreted no IL-6 after co-culture with autologous fibroblasts. When monocytes and F-spheroids were cultured separated by a semipermeable membrane, the IL-6 supernatant level was only approximately 25% of that observed during co-culture with direct contact. F-spheroids secreted only trace amounts of IL-6. In conclusion, monocytes of HNSCC patients generally secrete IL-6, but not IL-1beta or TNF-alpha, after stimulation with epithelial-associated components of F-spheroids upon direct contact and in part by a soluble substance.
Comparison of the affinities to bovine and human prothrombin of the staphylocoagulases from Staphylococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus aureus of animal origin (1991)

Staphylocoagulases of Staphylococcus aureus (40 strains originally isolated from horses, dogs, cats, cows, sheep, opossums, pigs, humans, and a goat) and Staphylococcus intermedius (19 isolates from dogs and 1 pigeon strain) were tested for their affinity to prothrombins of either bovine or human origin. The tests used were the coagulase tube test (using human, bovine, or equine fibrinogen with either bovine or human prothrombin as the source of coagulase-reacting factor) and a chromogenic assay which enabled quantification of the amidolytic activity of the staphylocoagulase-prothrombin complex. S. intermedius showed weak specificity for human prothrombin, with 15% of the coagulases clotting human fibrinogen, 25% clotting equine fibrinogen, and 40% clotting bovine fibrinogen. However, 65% of coagulases clotted equine fibrinogen, 75% of coagulases clotted human fibrinogen, and 100% of coagulases clotted bovine fibrinogen when bovine prothrombin was used. The animal isolates of S. aureus displayed more diverse specificity toward prothrombin than S. intermedius strains. While 85% of coagulase preparations clotted human fibrinogen when human prothrombin was used, only 45% of preparations clotted bovine fibrinogen when bovine prothrombin was used. However, 62.5% of coagulases clotted human fibrinogen when bovine prothrombin was used and 85% of coagulases clotted bovine fibrinogen when human prothrombin was used. This may be a reflection of the diversity of the animal origins of S. aureus isolates.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of sequential therapy of levofloxacin in treating urinary tract infections (2014)

Objective To analyze the cost-effectiveness drug economic sense of sequential therapy of levofloxacin in treatment of urinary tract infections,in order to provide reference for the rational use of drugs.Methods From January 2010 to January 2013,160 patients with urinary tract infections were randomly divided into experimental group (80 cases) and control group (80 cases).Patients in experimental group were treated by fleroxacin sequential therapy,and patients in control group were treated by fleroxacin intravenous infusion therapy.The effects of the two groups were observed and the economics of the drug costs between the two groups were evaluated.Results In experimental group,36 cases were cured and effective in 35 cases,the total effective rate was 88.75％ ; In control group,34 cases were cured and effective in 36 cases,the total effective rate was 87.50％.Two hundred and two strains of pathogenic bacteria of urine culture were collected from 160 patients,109 strains of experimental group and 93 strains of control group,respectively.After treatment,98 and 85 strains were cleared,respectively,and the clearance rates were 89.91％ and 91.40％,there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P ＞ 0.05).The cost and cost-effectiveness ratio of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Sequential therapy of levofloxacin in treatment of urinary tract infections has less cost economics,but the effect is significant,patients are well tolerated.It provide a reference solution for the clinical treatment of urinary tract infections.

Key words: 
Fleroxacin;  Sequential therapy;  Urinary tract infection;  Cost-effectiveness analysis
Connection Machine model CM-5 system overview (2003)

The Connection Machine model CM-5 provides high performance and ease of use for large data-intensive applications. The CM-5 architecture is designed to scale to teraflops performance on terabyte-sized problems. SPARC-based processing nodes, each with four vector pipes, are connected by two communications networks, the Data Network and the Control Network. The system combines the best features of SIMD (single-instruction multiple-data) and MIMD (multiple-instruction multiple-data) designs, integrating them into a single 'universal' parallel architecture. The processor nodes may be divided into independent computational partitions; each partition may be independently timeshared or devoted to batch processing. Programming languages include Fortran (with Fortran 90 array constructs) and C*, a parallel dialect of C. The PRISM programming environment supports source-level debugging, tracing, and profiling through a graphical interface based on X Windows.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Focusing of molecular beams for the development of new tools for nanoscience and nanotechnology (2009)

Beams of neutral atoms or molecules at thermal energies are already known as a powerful probe for structural and dynamical analysis of solid surface properties, and in particular characteristics on the nanometer scale. By the implementation of suitable optical elements, based on nanometric features obtained by lithographic methods, the neutral beams can be focused. This opens up the possibility on the one hand of imaging with absolutely non-perturbing probes and on the other hand allowing the deposition of molecular species in submicrometric spots. The latter can be used to fabricate patterns on solid substrates with possible application in nanoelectronics, photonics and biochips. In this contribution we present state of the art measurements carried out with a neutral helium beam, for the development of a helium microscope. The best spatial resolution so far obtained was less than 1 μm and an improvement down to a few hundred nanometer is foreseen by controlling the virtual source size and the chromatic aberration of the optical element. Possible application of the technique will be the study of insulating and fragile samples such as organic membrane or biological samples. For example, so far it is just possible to image mainly the core structure and innermost electron shell of proteins and viruses. The invention of new helium scattering microscopes should give us the opportunity to also gather more detailed information about the outermost electron shell structure of such samples.
The cosmetic ingredient review. (1978)

Exact analysis of discriminatory processor sharing (DPS) systems has proven to be extremely hard. We describe how the sojourn time distribution can be obtained in closed-form for exponential service requirement distributions when there is admission control. The computational complexity suffers from the usual state-space explosion when the number of customer classes becomes large, or if the admission control allows for many concurrent customers. Through numerical experiments, we show that a time-scale decomposition approach provides an approximation that requires much less computational effort, while giving accurate results even when the classes do not have different time scales and are distinguished through the relative service shares only.
Regional heterogeneity in the DNA content of human gliomas (1993)

Gliomas express significant regional heterogeneity in ploidy and proliferative activity and this will have an adverse effect on the usefulness of their analysis. However, the independent variation of ploidy, proliferative activity, and histologic features suggests that the use of multiple analyses may allow more accurate prediction of glioma patient survival. Regional heterogeneity appears be a fundamental property of malignant gliomas; systematic studies to determine its effects on the diagnostic usefulness of other new methods used to evaluate gliomas are indicated.
MAISE: An Interconnect Simulation Engine for Timing and Noise Analysis (2008)

This paper describes MAISE, an embedded linear circuit simulator for use mainly within timing and noise analysis tools. MAISE achieves the fastest possible analysis performance over a wide range of circuit sizes and topologies by an adaptive architecture that allows applying the most efficient combination of model reduction algorithms and linear solvers for each class of circuits. The main pillar of adaptability in MAISE is a novel nodal-analysis formulation (PNA) which permits the use of symmetric, positive-definite Cholesky solvers for all circuit topologies. Moreover, frequently occurring special cases, e.g., inductor-resistor tree structures result in particular types of matrices that are solved by an even faster linear time algorithm. Model order reduction algorithms employed in MAISE exploit symmetry and positive-definiteness whenever available and use symmetric-Lanczos iteration and nonstandard inner-products for generating the Krylov subspace basis. The efficiency of the new simulator is supported by a wide range of industrial examples.
Formal hardware verification by integrating HOL and MDG (2000)

In order to overcome the limitations of automated tools and the cumbersome proof process of interactive theorem proving, we adopt a hybrid approach for formal hardware verification which uses the strengths of theorem proving (HOL) with powerful mathematical tools such as induction and abstraction, and the advantages of automated tools (MDG) which support equivalence checking and model checking. The MDG system is a decision diagram based verification tool, primarily designed for hardware verification. HOL is a theorem prover built on higher-order logic.
PromH: promoters identification using orthologous genomic sequences (2003)

Accurate prediction of promoters is fundamental for understanding gene expression patterns, cell specificity and development. In the studies of conserved features of regulatory regions of orthologous genes, it was observed that major promoter functional components such as transcription start points, TATA-boxes and regulatory motifs, are significantly more conservative than the sequences around them (70-100% compared with 30-50%). To improve promoter identification accuracy, we employed these findings in a new program, PromH, created by extending the TSSW program feature set. PromH uses linear discriminant functions that take into account conservation features and nucleotide sequences of promoter regions in pairs of orthologous genes. The program was tested on two sets of pairs of orthologous, mostly human and rodent, sequences with known transcription start sites (TSS), annotated to have TATA (21 genes, 11 orthologous pairs) and TATA-less (38 genes, 19 pairs) promoters, respectively. The program correctly predicted TSS for all 21 genes of the first set with a median deviation of 2 bp from true site location. Only for two genes, was there significant (46 and 105 bp) discrepancy between predicted and annotated TSS positions. For 38 TATA-less promoters from the second set, TSS was predicted for 27 genes, in 14 cases within 10 bp distance from annotated TSS, and in 21 cases--within 100 bp distance. Despite more discrepancies between predicted and annotated TSS for genes from the second set, these results are consistent with observations of much higher occurrence of multiple TSS in TATA-less promoters. In any case, our results show that PromH identifies TSS positions significantly more accurately than any other published promoter prediction method. The PromH program is available at http://www.softberry.com/berry.phtml?topic=promh.
Functional Decline in Parkinson Disease (2001)

Based on longitudinal follow-up data, our findings provide evidence for a variable course of progression of the different PD symptoms, thus implying different biochemical or degenerative mechanisms for the various clinical features associated with PD.
Prolonged Increase of <i>cis</i>‐Urocanic Acid Levels in Human Skin and Urine after Single Total‐body Ultraviolet Exposures (1997)

Cis-urocanic acid (cis-UCA), a mediator of immunosuppression, is formed from trans-UCA upon UV-exposure of the skin. This study describes a liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous quantification of cis- and trans-UCA in skin, urine and plasma of nonirradiated volunteers. It also describes cis- and trans-UCA kinetics in UV-irradiated volunteers. New procedures to remove interfering substances from urine and plasma are reported. Normal levels of cis-UCA in skin, urine and plasma of nonirradiated volunteers were 0.5 nmol/cm2, 0.03 mumol/mmol creatinine (median 0.00) and undetectable and those of trans-UCA were 17.1 nmol/cm2, 1.36 mumol/ mmol creatinine and 0.5 microM, respectively. Upon single total body UVB (290-320 nm) exposures of 250 J/m2, epidermal cis-UCA levels immediately reached a maximum and returned to basic levels 3 weeks later. The cis-UCA levels in urine reached a maximum in 5-12 h postirradiation and reached baseline values in 8-12 days. Additionally, a single total body UVA (320-400 nm) irradiation of 200 kJ/m2 yielded a similar pattern. The kinetics of cis-UCA in plasma could not be followed due to low concentrations; however, that of skin and urine was informative in relation to solar exposures and phototherapy.
Rho kinase in the regulation of cell death and survival (2007)

Rho kinase (ROCK) belongs to a family of serine/threonine kinases that are activated via interaction with Rho GTPases. ROCK is involved in a wide range of fundamental cellular functions, such as contraction, adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Recent studies have shown that ROCK plays an important role in the regulation of apoptosis in various cell types and animal disease models. Two ROCK isoforms, ROCK1 and ROCK2, are assumed to be function redundant, this based largely on kinase construct overexpression and chemical inhibitors (Y27632 and fasudil) which inhibit both ROCK1 and ROCK2. Gene targeting and RNA interference approaches allow further dissection of distinct cellular, physiological, and patho-physiological functions of the two ROCK isoforms. This review, based on recent molecular, cellular, and animal studies, focuses on the current understanding of ROCK signaling in the regulation of apoptosis and highlights new findings from recently generated ROCK-deficient mice.
GRAM - a P2P system of group revision assistance management (2004)

This paper focuses on general design and prototype implementation of a peer-to-peer (P2P) and a proactive mechanism based version management system called GRAM (group revision assistance management). It provides four special features in comparison with other version management systems: higher system reliability and robustness, effective revision collision prevention using proactive agents, context-aware environment for team software revision, a unified XML format for configuration and history files as well as system and agent exchange messages. Every peer holds a shared space synchronized with other peers' ones, and a workspace for a user's ordinary editing. GRAM is implemented using the JXTA technology that consists of the virtual JXTA network and basic peer group services. The system GUI and basic functions in the current prototype are also presented to show its basic usages. By using GRAM, version management of various software development projects can be comfortably conducted.
Detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA by PCR related to HCV antibodies in serum and liver histology in swedish blood donors (1993)

Serum samples from 103 blood donors or patients with slightly increased serum levels of liver enzymes were tested for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) using second generation tests and for HCV RNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR was in a nested configuration, using primer pairs from the 5'-nontranslated region. The anti-HCV antibody was found by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 93 patients. The anti-HCV confirmatory second generation recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) was positive in 44, indeterminate in 34 and negative in 25 subjects. Histopathological examination of the liver was carried out in 51 subjects. HCV RNA was detected in serum of 39/41 (95%) RIBA positive patients, and in 7/34 (21%) RIBA indeterminate subjects, but in none of the RIBA negative subjects. All but one of the PCR positive patients with a RIBA indeterminate pattern exhibited the C22 band. HCV RNA was found in the serum of all but one patients with chronic active or persistent hepatitis, but also in one RIBA positive subject with normal liver tissue. These results imply that most patients with antibodies to two or more HCV antigens by RIBA will have a chronic replicative HCV infection associated with viraemia. HCV viraemia can also be present in some patients, who have antibodies to only one HCV antigen particularly the C22 epitope.
Análisis de Modelos de Procesos de Negocios en relación a la dimensión informática (2003)

Este articulo presenta un analisis comparativo entre diferentes modelos de procesos de negocios, en relacion a que elementos de caracter informatico de los procesos de negocios, pueden representar.
Para ello, los elementos representados se han clasificado en basicos y avanzados. Los primeros son comunes a muchas representaciones de procesos de negocio y los segundos hacen enfasis en aspectos informaticos. Los modelos analizados son, entre otros, la serie de IDEFX, DFD, UML y otros propuestos por la Reingenieria de Procesos de Negocios.
El analisis se efectua considerando un conjunto de variables, que corresponden a elementos y relaciones que se dan en los procesos de negocios, considerando explicitamente los sistemas informaticos.
Uncertainty in information retrieval: an approach based on fuzzy sets (1990)

Design and implementation issues are discussed for a fuzzy information retrieval system using a knowledge-based system approach. In this context, system performance is identified as a critical point, and heuristics are suggested for a constrained spreading activation in the knowledge base and for optimization of the retrieval procedure. The design and implementation issues outlined are being tested in a prototype system named FIRST (Fuzzy Information Retrieval SysTem), which is being implemented in Prolog on a personal workstation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Photochromism of rare-earth metal-oxy-hydrides (2017)

Recently, thin films of yttrium oxy-hydride (YOxHy) were reported to show an unusual color-neutral photochromic effect promising for application in smart windows. Our present work demonstrates that also oxy-hydrides based on Gd, Dy, and Er have photochromic properties and crystal structures similar to YOxHy. Compared to YOxHy, the optical bandgaps of the lanthanide based oxy-hydrides are smaller while photochromic contrast and kinetics show large variation among different cations. Based on these findings, we propose that cation alloying is a viable pathway to tailor the photochromic properties of oxy-hydride materials. Furthermore, we predict that the oxy-hydrides of the other lanthanides are also potentially photochromic.
Fabrication of Cell-Loaded Two-Phase 3D Constructs for Tissue Engineering (2016)

Hydrogel optimisation for biofabrication considering shape stability/mechanical properties and cell response is challenging. One approach to tackle this issue is to combine different additive manufacturing techniques, e.g., hot-melt extruded thermoplastics together with bioplotted cell loaded hydrogels in a sequential plotting process. This method enables the fabrication of 3D constructs mechanically supported by the thermoplastic structure and biologically functionalised by the hydrogel phase. In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) blend (PCL-PEG) together with alginate dialdehyde gelatine hydrogel (ADA-GEL) loaded with stromal cell line (ST2) were investigated. PCL-PEG blends were evaluated concerning plotting properties to fabricate 3D scaffolds, namely miscibility, wetting behaviour and in terms of cell response. Scaffolds were characterised considering pore size, porosity, strut width, degradation behaviour and mechanical stability. Blends showed improved hydrophilicity and cell response with PEG blending increasing the degradation and decreasing the mechanical properties of the scaffolds. Hybrid constructs with PCL-PEG blend and ADA-GEL were fabricated. Cell viability, distribution, morphology and interaction of cells with the support structure were analysed. Increased degradation of the thermoplastic support structure and proliferation of the cells not only in the hydrogel, but also on the thermoplastic phase, indicates the potential of this novel material combination for biofabricating 3D tissue engineering scaffolds.
Antioxidants: Can We Really Live Longer? (1996)

Antioxidants play an important role in fighting against diseases which can be either taken through diet or through food supplements. However it is observed that antioxidant defence systems are not hundred percent efficient as they may deteriorate with ageing.
Transferable Contextual Bandit for Cross-Domain Recommendation (2018)

Traditional recommendation systems (RecSys) suffer from two problems: the exploitation-exploration dilemma and the cold-start problem. One solution to solving the exploitation-exploration dilemma is the contextual bandit policy, which adaptively exploits and explores user interests. As a result, the contextual bandit policy achieves increased rewards in the long run. The contextual bandit policy, however, may cause the system to explore more than needed in the cold-start situations, which can lead to worse short-term rewards. Cross-domain RecSys methods adopt transfer learning to leverage prior knowledge in a source RecSys domain to jump start the cold-start target RecSys. To solve the two problems together, in this paper, we propose the first applicable transferable contextual bandit (TCB) policy for the cross-domain recommendation. TCB not only benefits the exploitation but also accelerates the exploration in the target RecSys. TCB's exploration, in turn, helps to learn how to transfer between different domains. TCB is a general algorithm for both homogeneous and heterogeneous domains. We perform both theoretical regret analysis and empirical experiments. The empirical results show that TCB outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms over time.