gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stress-induced progesterone secretion and progesterone receptor immunoreactivity in the paraventricular nucleus are modulated by pubertal development in male rats (2005)

Male rats show a differential adrenocortical response to stress before and after pubertal development, such that prepubertal animals have a more prolonged stress-induced corticosterone response compared to adults. Whether pubertal maturation affects other adrenocortical responses to stress is currently unknown. To address this question, we assessed stress-induced progesterone secretion in both intact and gonadectomized prepubertal (28 days of age) and adult (77 days of age) male rats either before or after exposure to a 30 min session of restraint stress. We found that prepubertal males show a greater and more prolonged stress-induced progesterone response compared to adults. We also found a similar effect in castrated prepubertal and adult males, indicating the differential stress-induced progesterone response is not gonadal in origin. We also examined progesterone receptor (PR) levels by immunohistochemistry in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, a key regulatory nucleus of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and found lower PR protein expression in the PVN of prepubertal compared to adult males. These data indicate that in addition to corticosterone, stress-induced adrenocortical progesterone levels are differentially affected by pubertal maturation. Furthermore, these data raise the possibility of different progesterone sensitivity of the PVN before and after puberty. The significance of this differential response is presently unknown. However, given the pleiotropic effects of progesterone on male physiology and behaviour, it is likely that the disparate post-stress exposure to progesterone affects the prepubertal and adult male differently.
Genetic, epigenetic, and clinicopathologic features of gastric carcinomas with the CpG island methylator phenotype and an association with Epstein–Barr virus (2006)

CIMP status appeared to be associated with distinct genetic, epigenetic, and clinicopathologic features in gastric carcinomas. The finding that gastric carcinomas arose through different molecular pathways may affect not only tumor characteristics but also patient prognosis.
OPERATIVE COMPARED WITH NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT OF A THORACOLUMBAR BURST FRACTURE WITHOUT NEUROLOGICAL DEFICIT (2003)

We found that operative treatment of patients with a stable thoracolumbar burst fracture and normal findings on the neurological examination provided no major long-term advantage compared with nonoperative treatment.
Oxidation of Calcium Sulfite in a Gas-Liquid-Solid Fluidized Bed (1966)

気液固流動層で亜硫酸カルシウムを吹きこみ空気により酸化する場合, 空気流速0.5～5cmsec, 亜硫酸カルシウム30, 60, 90g, 流量600ml温度55℃ で実験した結果, 亜硫酸カルシウムの消費速度は, 空気吹書こみ速度の小さいとき酸素溶解過程により, 大きいとき亜破酸カルシウムの溶解過程によりそれぞわ支配されることを知った。
Drift Capacity of Walls Accounting for Shear: The 2004 Canadian Code Provisions (2006)

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On the possibility of creating single-electron states in quantum dots in a magnetic field for problems of optical quantum computations (2015)

The problem of creating pure and entangled states for the optical implementation of quantum computations, as well as a number of tasks involving the formation of active media on quantum dots, requires the formulation of conditions under which they contain exactly one bound energy level. The critical conditions are studied for the appearance of the first bound single-electron state, localized on a spherical quantum dot of small size in an external magnetic field. A simple analytical representation is obtained for the wave function of such a state, and the equation for determining its binding energy is formulated and solved. The results are compared with the well-known delta-potential approximation. It is shown that a bound level appears in an empty quantum dot only when the magnetic field exceeds a definite threshold value.
Calcified suture material in the breast after radiation therapy. (1992)

Of 335 women who underwent lumpectomy and radiation therapy for breast cancer, 42 subsequently developed calcifications. Particles typical of calcified suture material were identified in 21 of the 42 women (50%). No obvious calcified suture material was found in approximately 1,140 women of 38,000 (3%) who had undergone mammography after they had previously undergone breast biopsy for a benign lesion and thus had not undergone radiation therapy. Calcified suture material rarely develops in the nonirradiated breast, but it is common after radiation therapy and should not be confused with recurrent breast cancer. These calcifications are likely the result of delayed resorption of catgut sutures, which provide a matrix on which calcium can precipitate in a suitable local environment.
DNA Binding and Transcriptional Properties of Wild-Type and Mutant Forms of the Homeodomain Protein Msx2 (1995)

Msx2 is a mammalian homeodomain protein that is expressed during craniofacial development. A proline-to-histidine substitution at residue 148 of human Msx2 results in an autosomal dominant form of craniosynostosis. In this study, both wild-type and mutant Msx2 were shown to specifically bind to a DNA sequence previously identified as a high-affinity binding site for the related homeodomain protein Msx1. In co-transfection assays both wild-type and mutant Msx2 repressed reporter gene transcription in a dose-dependent but binding-site-independent manner. These results provide evidence that Msx2 is a transcriptional repressor and suggest that the mutant form of Msx2 may exert its pathophysiologic effects on craniofacial development by a gain-of-function mechanism.
Children hospitalized with influenza B infection (1987)

An outbreak of influenza virus type B infection occurred in Philadelphia from December, 1985, to April, 1986. During this epidemic 24 patients were admitted to Children's Hospital from whom influenza B was isolated from routine respiratory viral cultures. All were younger than 3 years of age. Clinical findings included fever (greater than or equal to 38 degrees C) (88%), rhinorrhea (62.6%), cough (50%), otitis (50%), rhonchi (42%), vomiting (38%), diarrhea (33%), rales (21%), pharyngitis (13%) and croup (4%). Remarkably 75% of the patients had underlying diseases which may have contributed to the severity of the infection. Nine (41%) patients had pneumonia. Two patients died of respiratory failure caused by overwhelming influenza B virus infection. Patients admitted to the hospital with respiratory and underlying diseases should have viral respiratory cultures which include influenza B.
Rheo‐optical fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy of polymers, 15. Orientational and modificational changes during uniaxial elongation of high‐, low‐ and linear low‐density polyethylenes (1989)

Abstract The transient structural changes of high‐, low‐ and linear low‐density polyethylenes were studied by simultaneous mechanical and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic measurements. The rheo‐optical FTIR data provide a detailed picture of the progress and extent of crystal‐axis orientation and orthorhombic‐to‐monoclinic phase transition during elongation up to 400% strain. Apart from a higher degree of orientation as a consequence of the mechanical treatment, high‐density polyethylene may be differentiated from the low‐density types by running through a maximum in the content of monoclinic phase upon neck formation. With reference to the investigated structural changes, the linear low‐density polyethylenes generally exhibit a behaviour intermediate to the high‐density and low‐density types.
String-nets, single- and double-stranded quantum loop gases for non-Abelian anyons (2010)

String-net condensation can give rise to non-Abelian anyons whereas loop condensation usually gives rise to Abelian anyons. It has been proposed that generalized quantum loop gases with non-orthogonal inner products can produce non-Abelian anyons. We detail an exact mapping between the string-net and the generalized loop models and explain how the non-orthogonal products arise. We also introduce a loop model of double-stranded nets where quantum loops with an orthogonal inner product and local interactions supports non-Abelian Fibonacci anyons. Finally we emphasize the origin of the sign problem in such systems and its consequences on the complexity of their ground state wave functions.
STREAM NUTRIENT RETENTION IN THREE NORTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA AGRICULTURAL CATCHMENTS (2001)

Stream nutrient retention was examined in three adjacent agricultural catchments (Cherokee Creek, Cloud Creek,and Dry Creek) in the Ozark Plateau. Retention efficiency was measured using shortterm nutrient and tracer injections toestimate nutrient uptake length (Sw ) during summer 1999 and winter 2000. A onedimensional transport model was used toestimate dispersion, transient storage size, and exchange. Soluble reactive P (SRP) and NO3 N concentrations were leastin the stream with the lowest proportion of pasture in the upland (Dry Creek), whereas concentrations and land use weresimilar in Cherokee Creek and Cloud Creek. Water column SRP concentrations were similar between seasons in all streams,but NO3 N concentrations varied significantly. Injected NO3 N was not significantly retained in these systems, probablybecause the streams were saturated by ambient NO3 N concentrations (greater than 0.1 mg L 1 ). Phosphorus was retainedduring summer injections (Sw ranged from 200900 m), but Sw regressions were not significant in winter. Variation incatchment land use was not a major determinant in P retention during summer, but stream hydrology, such as discharge andtransient storage, was a regulating factor. Therefore, land use changes that alter stream hydrology may have a greater impacton P retention in these streams.
NO<i><sub>x</sub></i>emissions from African savanna fires (1996)

Fire of Savanna/Dynamique et Chimie Atmosphèrique en Forêt Equatoriale (FOS/DECAFE‐91) and Southern African Fire‐Atmosphere Research Initiative (SAFARI‐92) were two multidisciplinary experiments organized in Africa to determine the gas and aerosol emissions due to prescribed savanna fires. These two experiments took place in two types of savannas which have very different ecological properties: Lamto, Ivory Coast (FOS/DECAFE‐91), in the Guinean area, is wet (80% moisture content) and dense (9 to 10 t ha −1 ) and has little litter (2 to 5% of total biomass); Kruger Park, in South Africa (SAFARI‐92), on the contrary, is dry (10 to 20% moisture) and has a low biomass (3 to 6 t ha −1 ) and 40% of its total biomass in the form of litter. The experimental strategy used to determine the emission ratios ΔCO/ΔCO 2 and ΔNO x /ΔCO 2 was to measure at ground level, in the same volume of the plume above the fire, the CO, CO 2 and NO x concentrations. The mean carbon content of the two savannas was similar (about 43%), and the ΔCO/ΔCO 2 ratio, the indicator of the burning process, was comparable in back and head fires with mean ratios between 4.5 and 6.1%. These ΔCO/ΔCO 2 ratios were characteristic of intense flaming combustion with the formation of mainly fully oxidized compounds for both savannas. The ΔCO/ΔCO 2 ratio for the head fires can be divided into two distinct phases: a flaming period and a smoke period which immediately follows. Nitrogen concentration of the two savannas varied from as low as 0.3% in Lamto to 0.80% of dry mass in the Kruger Park in the Faai plot. In this study we could clearly identify a linear dependency between the nitrogen concentration of the dry and wet savannas of Africa and the NO x /CO 2 emission ratio, ΔNO x /ΔCO 2 = 0.66 N% − 0.01, with a correlation coefficient of 0.93, statistically significant at a confidence level better than 99%. This result enables the quantification of the emissions of NO x from African savanna burning by measuring the nitrogen concentration of the vegetation and monitoring the type of burn.
RF versus Microwave High Efficiency PA Design (2000)

In this paper a comparison between classical Class E and new Class FG power amplifier design strategies are presented,to evaluate which method is best suited for high efficiency performance when operating frequency lies in the low microwave range.Fundamental design guidelines are briefly discussed and the Class E strategy is critically revisited with a frequency domain approach,stressing the differences with the Class FG.Finally,in order to validate the analysis,measured performances of a realised Class FG PA will be presented and compared with the simulated results of a Class E PA.For the same operating conditions,Class FG amplifier exhibits superior performances,with a maximum PAE of 59.8%(measured 58.8%)and a saturated output power of 25dBm,compared to 48%and 24dBm of Class E.Moreover,the 1dB compression point is 3dB higher for the Class FG.
A METHOD FOR BI-DIRECTIONAL COUPLING OF STRUCTURE AND SYSTEM IN THE OPTIMISATION OF MULTI-FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS (2016)

A METHOD FOR BI-DIRECTIONAL COUPLING OF STRUCTURE AND SYSTEM IN THE OPTIMISATION OF MULTI-FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS - VII European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering - 5 - 10 JUNE 2016 Crete Island, Greece
The 17, 20-Lyase Activity of Cytochrome P450c17 from Human Fetal Testis Favors the Δ<sup>5</sup>Steroidogenic Pathway (2003)

Cytochrome P450c17 catalyzes both 17alpha-hydroxylation and 17,20-lyase conversion of 21-carbon steroids to 19-carbon precursors of sex steroids. P450c17 can mediate testosterone biosynthesis via the conversion of pregnenolone to dehydroepiandrosterone (the delta(5) pathway) or via conversion of progesterone to androstenedione (the delta(4) pathway). In many species, the 17, 20-lyase activity of P450c17 for one pathway dominates, reflecting the preferred steroidogenic pathway of that species. All studies of recombinant human P450c17 and of human adrenal microsomes have found high 17, 20-lyase activity only in the delta(5) pathway. Because the 17, 20-lyase activities in both the delta(4) and delta(5) pathways for testicular P450c17 have not been directly compared, however, it is not known if the delta(5) pathway dominates in the human testis. To resolve this issue, we assayed the conversion of 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone to dehydroepiandrosterone (delta(5) 17, 20-lyase activity) and of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to androstenedione (delta(4) 17, 20-lyase activity) by human fetal testicular microsomes. We obtained apparent Michaelis constant (K(m)) and maximum velocity (V(max)) values of 1.0 microM and 0.73 pmol.min(-1). microg(-1) for delta(5) 17, 20-lyase activity and of 3.5 microM and 0.23 pmol.min(-1). microg(-1) for delta(4) 17, 20-lyase activity. Catalytic efficiencies, expressed as the ratio V(max)/K(m), were 0.73 and 0.066 for the delta(5) and delta(4) reactions, respectively, indicating 11-fold higher preference for the delta(5) pathway. We conclude that the majority of testosterone biosynthesis in the human testis proceeds through the conversion of pregnenolone to dehydroepiandrosterone via the delta(5) pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: A Ruthenium‐Based Catalytic System for a Mild Borrowing‐Hydrogen Process. (2015)

Abstract Aromatic amines can be easily alkylated with aliphatic and benzylic alcohols using a commercially available Ruthenium catalyst together with 1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane.
PS-HEMA latex fractionation by sedimentation and colloidal crystallization (1999)

A poly(styrene-co-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) latex underwent sedimentation under gravity followed by an spontaneous and extensive colloidal crystallization. It was then fractionated in three visually distinguishable layers. Latex aliquots layers were sampled at different heigths and the particles were characterized by PCS, microelectrophoresis, infrared spectra and analytical electron microscopy. The major fraction was opalescent and contained the colloidal crystals settled in the bottom of the liquid. Two other latex fractions were obtained, which differed in their chemical compositions, particle sizes and topochemical features from the self-arraying particles. Macrocrystallization of the fractionated latex yielded high quality crystals with a low frequency of defects, which confirms that particle chemical homogeneity is an important factor for particle self-arraying.
Phase measurement tests of quantum mechanics (1999)

We present a potential realization of the Greenberger, Horne and Zeilinger “all or nothing” contradiction of quantum mechanics with local realism using phase measurement techniques in a simple photon number triplet.
Recent advances in electrospun fiber based electronics (2016)

Electrospun fibers occupy an important position in fiber based electronics for their outstanding advantages, i.e. high length-to-diameter ratio, strong flexibility, high uniformity, controllable morphology, low cost and high efficiency in manufacturing. In this review, the development of electrospinning technique is firstly introduced, including design of multi-nozzle and special nozzle to improve efficiency and achieve special structure, regulation of solution and process parameters to deposit fibers with different morphologies, and development of fiber assembling and orientation to realize controllable direct-writing. Then recent researches on fiber based devices through electrospinning are reviewed, i.e. flexible sensor, super capacitor, lithium ion battery, dye sensitized solar cell, filed effect transistor and organic light emitting diode. Finally, the challenges and future directions of the field are prospected.
Aminozuckersynthesen, XIII Zum Mechanismus des nucleophilen Ersatzes von Methansulfonylgruppen. Die gleichzeitige Bildung von <scp>D</scp>‐Gulosamin‐ und <scp>D</scp>‐Galaktosamin‐Derivaten aus Glucosamin‐Derivaten (1965)

Abstract Benzyl‐ N ‐cbo‐3‐ O ‐acetyl‐4.6‐di‐ O ‐mesyl‐α‐ D ‐glucosaminid geht beim Erhitzen mit Kaliumacetat in Eisessig/Acetanhydrid in ein Gemisch von Benzyl‐ N ‐cbo‐3.4.6‐tri‐ O ‐acetyl‐α‐ D ‐galaktosaminid und Benzyl‐4.6‐di‐ O ‐acetyl‐α‐ D ‐gulopyranosido[2.3:4′.5′]oxazolidon‐(2′) über. Ein möglicher Mechanismus dieser Umsetzung wird diskutiert.
ADXS11-001 immunotherapy in squamous or non-squamous persistent/recurrent metastatic cervical cancer: Results from stage I of the phase II GOG/NRG0265 study. (2016)

5516 Background: There is no approved treatment with a survival benefit for persistent/recurrent metastatic cervical cancer (PRmCC) patients (pts) who have progressed after ≥ 1 line of systemic-dose chemotherapy (sdCTx), and historical 12-mo overall survival (OS) in this population has never exceeded 30%. ADXS11-001 is a live attenuated Listeria monocytogenes (Lm)-listeriolysin O immunotherapy bioengineered to secrete an HPV16-E7 fusion protein targeting HPV-transformed cells (eg, cervical cancer), inducing antitumor T-cell immunity and breaking immune tolerance in the tumor microenvironment. GOG/NRG-0265 is an ongoing study of ≥ 2nd-line ADXS11-001 in pts with PRmCC. This analysis presents Stage 1 safety and OS data. Methods: This is a single-arm, 2-stage phase II study (NCT01266460; target n = 27 for Stage 1). Eligible pts ( ≥ 18 yr) have ≥ 1 prior line of sdCTx (bevacizumab permitted), measurable disease (RECIST v1.1), squamous/non-squamous PRmCC not amenable to curative therapy, and GOG PS of 0/1. Pts receive ADXS11-001 1 x 109CFU on day 1 and q28 days for 3 doses. Co-primary endpoints are the tolerability/safety of ADXS11-001 and 12-mo OS rate. Secondary endpoints are PFS, OS, and objective response (OR). Conditional power ≥ 20% based on 12-mo OS in historical controls (24.5% after adjustment for age, race, and PS) is required to open Stage 2. Results: In total, 29 pts enrolled; 26 were treated. Median age was 46.5 yr, 62% had GOG PS 0, 62% received ≥ 2 prior lines of sdCTx, and 31% received bevacizumab. All pts experienced ≥ 1 AE: 91% were grade 1–2; 38% were drug related, with nausea, vomiting, chills, fatigue, and fever most common. Stage 1 12-mo OS rate was 38.5% (n = 10). Median PFS was 3.1 mo (95% CI: 2.8–3.7) and median OS was 7.7 mo (95% CI: 3.9–12.4). Preliminary assessment of OR includes 1 unconfirmed PR and 9 SD. Post-hoc analysis of the 18/26 pts (69%) who received all 3 per-protocol doses of ADXS11-001 showed a median OS > 1 yr (12.1 [95% CI: 6.8–NR] mo), and 12-mo OS rate of 55.6%. Conclusions: ADXS11-001 is well tolerated, and the 38.5% 12-mo OS rate suggests that it is active in PRmCC. Stage 2 is now enrolling and has been amended to allow for continuous cycles of Tx. Clinical trial information: NCT01266460.
Adaptive Machinery to Support Natural Conversations (2000)

Real-time adaptation and ongoing learning promise to provide computational machinery to support fluid conversational interaction. We will focus on representations and inferential strategies that can provide real-time adaptation to multiple characteristics of a conversation. The work approaches conversation from a perspective of inference and decision making under uncertainty. Automated methods for engaging users in conversations must address critical uncertainties about users’ attentional status, utterances, and goals. Although uncertainties arising in conversation with a computer may pertain largely to the special context of interacting with a computer, they are not uncommon in conversations among people. Limitations of speech recognition hardware and software may severely limit the abilities of computers to interpret a user’s utterances with certainty. Furthermore, automated inference procedures and representations may not be able disambiguate a user&apos;s intentions and needs. However, grappling with uncertainties about someone&apos;s utterances and about their associated goals is also common in human to human conversations. People frequently employ a wide range of strategies to resolve uncertainty and repair possible misunderstandings as part of a collaborative process known as grounding—or converging on a shared understanding. Although the precise nature and distribution of the uncertainties may shift in moving from human--human to human--computer conversation, we believe that there is great opportunity to develop representations and inference strategies that allow computers to engage users in a
Fast Microwave Medical Imaging Based on Iterative Smoothed Adaptive Thresholding (2014)

This letter presents a fast microwave imaging technique based on the concept of smoothed minimization and adaptive thresholding. The distorted Born iterative method (DBIM) is used to solve the electromagnetic (EM) inverse scattering problem. We propose to solve the set of underdetermined equations at each iteration of the DBIM algorithm using an L2 regularized iterative smoothed adaptive thresholding ( L2-ISATCS) technique. Our simulation results confirm that this technique can reduce considerably the required reconstruction times for the DBIM method relative to previously suggested compressed sensing (CS)-based approaches .
Study of Thin Film Electroluminescent Blue-Light Materials (2004)

This paper discusses inorganic and organic thin film electroluminescent blue-light materials, and indicates that polymer and nanometer types of thin film electroluminescent blue-light materials have technological merits and offer substantial potential for application in large-size panel displays.