gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic approaches in clear cell and non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (2016)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2.4% of all malignancies worldwide diagnosed with 338,000 estimated new cases globally in 2012. In the last decade, the therapeutic landscape for RCC patients has changed tremendously. In this review, we will summarize the treatment options currently available for clear-cell localized, advanced and metastatic RCC (mRCC); as stated in the ESMO clinical practice guidelines, the EAU guidelines and the NCCN guidelines. Furthermore, we will discuss the recommended therapies in patients diagnosed with non-clear cell tumours.
Design and tests of a real time SonTek ADP system (2002)

Real time current measurement systems were required for use in a new Physical Oceanographic Real Time System (PORTS) being designed for the Houston ship channel in Galveston Bay. The new SonTek Acoustic Doppler Profiler (ADP) was selected for the project. The ADPs were configured to output data in real time on request from a remote station by "polling" and simultaneously record on an internal PCMCIA recorder. The ADPs required protection from trawlers that work the ship channel requiring the design and development of a trawl resistant platform. The platform is fabricated from fiberglass and designed to house either SonTek or RD Instruments miniature current profilers. A variety of tests were performed on the ADPs in various stages of development. Platform tests were conducted at the Naval Surface Warfare Center.
PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE, TESTOSTERONE AND ANDROSTENEDIONE IN CASTRATED AND ADRENALECTOMIZED BULL CALVES (1978)

Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Research Division, Ruakura Agricultural Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand ( Received 17 April 1978) An increase in the plasma concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH) occurs in response to castration in bull calves aged 1–4 months; this response is of similar magnitude to that seen in cattle castrated as adults (Odell, Hescox & Kiddy, 1970). In bull calves castrated at birth, however, there is no increase in the plasma concentration of LH until after 28 days of age (Bass, Peterson, Payne & Jarnet, 1977). In other species a range of responses to castration has been reported. Gonadectomy of male guinea-pigs 0–35 days after birth produces an increase in the plasma concentration of LH similar to that observed in guineapigs castrated as adults (Donovan, ter Haar, Lockhart, MacKinnon, Mattock & Peddie, 1975). In contrast, the castration of young male macaques does not cause an immediate increase in the
Development and Application of a Reverse Genetics System for Zika Virus (2021)

Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged in many regions of the world, with infection outcomes spanning from no apparent illness to crippling nervous system disease. ZIKV and its close relatives, West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus are primarily transmitted by mosquitoes. Three ZIKVs were selected: MR-766 (Uganda, 1947), P6-740 (Malaysia, 1966), and PRVABC-59 (Puerto Rico, 2015), whose place of origin and time of isolation differ substantially. Stable, complementary DNA (cDNA) copies of the three ZIKV RNA genomes were cloned to examine the significance of viral and host genetic variations in directing ZIKV infection outcomes. Using a new toolbox for ZIKV genome engineering and protein analysis, combined with various cell culture and mouse infection model systems, the following were determined: (1) Genome-wide landscape of viral gene products and their related species, with several immuno-reactive gene products identified in the case of all three cloned ZIKVs. (2) Viral replicability in cultured cells, varied significantly depending on the virus strain and host cell type, with one cow cell line being resistant to ZIKV infection. (3) Virus induced neurological disease in mice, differed dramatically depending on the virus dose and strain, mouse age and strain, route of infection, and presence or absence of immune system components. Overall, the findings demonstrate the impact of the viral and host genetic backgrounds on the ability of ZIKV to replicate and cause disease. The ZIKV strain-specific characterizations and molecular instruments described will provide multiple avenues for developing and testing medical countermeasures.
A Digital Blind Watermarking for Depth-Image-Based Rendering 3D Images (2011)

The content protection for image-based 3D data is getting more importance with the advance of low cost 3D display devices. The depth-image-based rendering (DIBR) 3D image is one of the image-based 3D data which consists of the center image and the depth image generated by the content provider. The left-eye image and the right-eye image are rendered from the center image and the depth image at the content consumer side. The blind watermarking for DIBR 3D image is rarely studied in the literature. In this paper, a novel blind multiple watermarking scheme is proposed to deal with the content protection problem of DIBR 3D images. Besides the usual requirement of mutual orthogonality among reference patterns for multiple watermark embedding, we found that proper embedding order plays an even more important role in watermarking the DIBR 3D images. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is robust against the JPEG compression and noise adding attacks. More interestingly, it is found that the proposed watermarking can also tolerate large range variations of the depth image during rendering.
Role of prostaglandin H2-thromboxane A2 in responses of cerebral arterioles during chronic hypertension (1992)

The goal of this study was to determine the role of prostaglandin H2-thromboxane A2 (PGH2-TxA2) in altered responses of cerebral arterioles during chronic hypertension. Diameter of pial arterioles was measured during suffusion with ADP, acetylcholine, and nitroglycerin using intravital microscopy in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) normotensive rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (8-10 mo old). ADP (100 microM) increased pial arteriolar diameter by 21 +/- 3% (means +/- SE) in WKY and only by 7 +/- 3% in SHR. Acetylcholine (10 microM) increased diameter 10 +/- 2% in WKY and, in contrast, reduced diameter 7 +/- 3% in SHR. Nitroglycerin produced similar vasodilatation in WKY and SHR. We then examined whether impaired dilatation of cerebral arterioles in SHR to ADP and acetylcholine may be related to activation of the PGH2-TxA2 receptor. SQ 29548, a specific PGH2-TxA2 receptor antagonist, restored vasodilatation in response to ADP in SHR toward that observed in WKY and reversed vasoconstriction to vasodilatation in response to acetylcholine in SHR. SQ 29548 did not alter responses in WKY. Thus these findings suggest that impaired responses of cerebral arterioles to ADP and acetylcholine during chronic hypertension may be related to the activation of the PGH2-TxA2 receptor.
Credentialing Features: A Platform to Benchmark and Optimize Untargeted Metabolomic Methods (2014)

The aim of untargeted metabolomics is to profile as many metabolites as possible, yet a major challenge is comparing experimental method performance on the basis of metabolome coverage. To date, most published approaches have compared experimental methods by counting the total number of features detected. Due to artifactual interference, however, this number is highly variable and therefore is a poor metric for comparing metabolomic methods. Here we introduce an alternative approach to benchmarking metabolome coverage which relies on mixed Escherichia coli extracts from cells cultured in regular and (13)C-enriched media. After mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analysis of these extracts, we "credential" features arising from E. coli metabolites on the basis of isotope spacing and intensity. This credentialing platform enables us to accurately compare the number of nonartifactual features yielded by different experimental approaches. We highlight the value of our platform by reoptimizing a published untargeted metabolomic method for XCMS data processing. Compared to the published parameters, the new XCMS parameters decrease the total number of features by 15% (a reduction in noise features) while increasing the number of true metabolites detected and grouped by 20%. Our credentialing platform relies on easily generated E. coli samples and a simple software algorithm that is freely available on our laboratory Web site (http://pattilab.wustl.edu/software/credential/). We have validated the credentialing platform with reversed-phase and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography as well as Agilent, Thermo Scientific, AB SCIEX, and LECO mass spectrometers. Thus, the credentialing platform can readily be applied by any laboratory to optimize their untargeted metabolomic pipeline for metabolite extraction, chromatographic separation, mass spectrometric detection, and bioinformatic processing.
Analyzing tweets to identify malicious messages (2011)

With social networking becoming a popular medium, a new frontier of communication begins. Sites like Facebook, Linkedin, and Twitter are changing the way we communicate, often replacing a phone call or an email. In this paper, we will look at detecting spam and phishing over the Twitter network. We argue that spammers and phishers use specific keywords to entice a twitter to click on a link. This link could lead them to a malicious web form. A phishing or spam message has both words and a URL. Twitter is also limited to 140 characters per message. This makes the words used in the message much more important. Bayesian is a popular spam email approach that uses the absence or presence of a word to indicate what to label the message as a whole. We will eliminate Bayesian as a viable option and propose the use of logistic regression model. Current studies place emphases on the follower/followee ratio. We are going to prove that ratio is wrong. Our goal is to effectively detect the presence of spam and try to minimize its influence.
Unique Mixtures of Anionic/Cationic Surfactants: A New Approach to Enhance Surfactant Performance in Liquids-Rich Shale Reservoirs (2017)

Abstract Surfactants are important components in fracturing fluids for helping ensure higher productivity from unconventional reservoirs. Conventional wisdom suggests that surfactant mixtures generally exhibit better performance than individual surfactants. Additionally, the synergism between surfactants increases with the degree of charge difference. Some current commercial surfactants were formulated by mixing nonionic and anionic surfactants (Sn/a), but few were formulated by mixing cationic and anionic (Sa/c) surfactants because of the risk of precipitation or formulation instability. This paper discusses binary mixtures of Sa/c surfactants prepared with different mole ratios to determine their synergisms; mixtures of nonionic/anionic (Sn/a) and nonionic/cationic (Sn/c) surfactants are also compared. Surface/interfacial properties [maximum surface excess concentration (Γmax), minimum molecular area (Amin), critical micelle concentrations (CMC), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG)] and interaction parameters (βm and βs) in both the mixed micelle and interface were quantified to demonstrate the synergistic effect between various surfactants. Additionally, the potential application of these mixtures for unconventional treatments was examined with regards to emulsion behavior and column-packed oil recovery testing. The results for the Sa/c surfactant mixtures show that, compared to parent species, Γmax of the Sa/c system is approximately one order of magnitude higher (corresponding to one order of magnitude lower in Amin). The resultant CMC is approximately two orders of magnitude lower than the parent species, and the ΔG of Sa/c is more negative. Notably, the interaction parameters further indicate that strong synergism exists for the Sa/c system at various mole ratios in both mixed micelle and monolayers at the interface (with an optimized ratio at 2/3), while, for the Sn/a system, weak synergism was identified in the mixed micelle at the mole ratio of 3/2. No synergism was observed for the Sn/c system. Additionally, phase behavior testing indicated that a weak emulsion was formed in the presence of the Sa/c using Eagle Ford crude oil. Column-flooding testing also revealed improved oil recovery of the Sa/c system compared to individual species. The synergistic effect between Sa/c surfactant mixtures, as well as the laboratory results of the emulsion behavior and oil recovery, suggests a new practice for applying Sa/c surfactant blends for unconventional applications.
An algorithm to estimate the ST segment level in 24-hour ambulatory ECG records (2008)

We present an algorithm to estimate the ST segment level, and to construct the ST segment level function. The algorithm was developed and tested using the Long-Term ST Database (LTST DB). The algorithm determines the positions of the isoelectric level and the J point in average heart beats constructed from 16-second windows of normal and non-noisy heart beats. Then the samples of the ST segment level function are derived for each ECG lead. The aggregate average error between the amplitudes of the samples of the ST segment level functions, for 190 ECG leads of the LTST DB, constructed automatically and those constructed on the basis of manually set positions of the isoelectric level and the J point by the human expert annotators of the database was 0.69 muV (std. 8.89 muV).
Cascaded Machine-Learning Technique for Debris Classification in Floor-Cleaning Robot Application (2018)

Debris detection and classification is an essential function for autonomous floor-cleaning robots. It enables floor-cleaning robots to identify and avoid hard-to-clean debris, specifically large liquid spillage debris. This paper proposes a debris-detection and classification scheme for an autonomous floor-cleaning robot using a deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) cascaded technique. The SSD (Single-Shot MultiBox Detector) MobileNet CNN architecture is used for classifying the solid and liquid spill debris on the floor through the captured image. Then, the SVM model is employed for binary classification of liquid spillage regions based on size, which helps floor-cleaning devices to identify the larger liquid spillage debris regions, considered as hard-to-clean debris in this work. The experimental results prove that the proposed technique can efficiently detect and classify the debris on the floor and achieves 95.5% percent classification accuracy. The cascaded approach takes approximately 71 milliseconds for the entire process of debris detection and classification, which implies that the proposed technique is suitable for deploying in real-time selective floor-cleaning applications.
30S Ribosomal Subunit Assembly Is a Target for Inhibition by Aminoglycosides in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2002)

The aminoglycosides paromomycin and neomycin were examined in Escherichia coli cells for an inhibitory effect on 30S ribosomal subunit assembly. Both compounds inhibited the growth rate, viable cell number, and protein synthesis rate with similar 50% inhibitory concentrations. Each drug also showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of 30S subunit formation. The inhibitory effect on 30S particle formation was approximately equivalent to the inhibitory effect on translation for these antibiotics.
Data Sharing in a Humanitarian Organization: The Experience of Médecins Sans Frontières (2014)

Summary points: <ul><li>Public health crises such as the spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis highlight the need for improved sharing of data. For humanitarian organizations, there is a lack of guidance on the practical aspects of making such data available.</li><li>In 2012 the medical humanitarian organization Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) decided to adopt a data sharing policy for routinely collected clinical and research data. Here we describe how this policy was developed, the principles underlying it, and the practical measures taken to facilitate data sharing.</li><li>The MSF policy builds on the principles of ethical, equitable, and efficient data sharing to include aspects relevant for an international humanitarian organization, in particular concerning highly sensitive data (non-maleficence), benefit sharing (social benefit), and intellectual property (open access).</li><li>There are aspirations to create a truly open dataset, but the initial aim is to enable data sharing via a managed access procedure so that security, legal, and ethical concerns can be addressed.</li></ul>
A Blockchain Data Balance Using a Generative Adversarial Network Approach: Application to Smart House IDS (2020)

The rapid development of information and communication technologies makes the Internet of Things (IoT) devices much more complex and heterogeneous. In this context, the massive end devices (IoTs) and the large volume of data raise security and privacy challenges. To tackle these issues, the joint use of the Bockchain (BC) and Machine Learning (ML) seems attractive to achieve decentralized, secure, intelligent and efficient management of networks. On the one hand, the BC can greatly facilitate the sharing of training data and ML models, the decentralization of intelligence, security, privacy and reliable ML decision-making. On the other hand, ML may have significant impacts on the development of BC in communications and networking systems, including energy and resource efficiency, scalability, security, privacy and smart contracting. An important aspect of security intends to detect unusual and potentially inappropriate activities according to traffic patterns. This paper focuses on the problem of imbalance data where the number of abnormal samples is significantly lower than that of the normal (secure) ones. In particular, this paper presents a new equilibrium model based on an exciting recent innovation in ML namely Generator Adverse Networks (GANs) to address the problem of class imbalance and data noise to Intrusion Detection System (IDS) performance. The proposed approach use is illustrated by a case study: a smart house system-based scenario.
Assigning Grammatical Relations with a Back-off Model (1997)

This paper presents a corpus-based method to assign grammatical subject/object relations to ambiguous German constructs. It makes use of an unsupervised learning procedure to collect training and test data, and the back-off model to make assignment decisions.
Certification for Coaches (1978)

(1978). Certification for Coaches. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 69-70.
Doppler Velocity Criteria Based on Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis for the Detection of Threshold Carotid Stenoses (2002)

This study showed that duplex scanning is able to detect threshold carotid stenoses. For the best performance, each laboratory should have its own criteria; however, the criteria provided here could be a helpful reference to those laboratories that have not yet established their own criteria. Most important, this study provides an example of how to evaluate the performance criteria, how to modify them, how such changes can affect performance, and how performance can be modified depending on the goals of the laboratory.
STAGnation. 18 October 2010 (2010)

A stag looks balefully at a rugby ball. The word 'STAGnation' appears above and the letters 'NPC'(National Provincial Competition) on the goalpost nearby. Refers to the Stags loss of the Ranfurly Cup to Canterbury 26-16. 
Quantity: 1 digital cartoon(s).
DNA—Dye Fluorescence Enhancement Based on Shifting the Dimer—Monomer Equilibrium of Fluorescent Dye (1997)

In this paper, the investigation of DNA–dye fluorescence enhancement based on shifting the dimer–monomer equilibrium of a fluorescent dye, acridine orange (AO), is reported. Formation of a virtually nonfluorescent dimeric dye, acridine orange homodimer (AOAO), induced by the pre-micellar aggregation of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), was observed. The possibility of using the in situ formed AOAO as a fluorescent probe for nucleic acids and polynucleotides was studied. The results showed that a nearly 1000-fold fluorescence enhancement was observed upon addition of calf thymus DNA (CT DNA). The fluorescence enhancement effect of DNA was thought to be based on the DNA modulated shift of the dimmer monomer equilibrium of AO in the anionic surfactant solution. Intercalation of the monomer in DNA caused the dissociation of AOAO and led to a very high fluorescence enhancement. It seemed that the dimeric dye molecules acted as a source of monomer molecules ready for interacting with nucleic acids and, at the same time, decreased the inherent fluorescence of monomer molecules, which proved to be unfavorable to the detection of fluorescence enhancement. A linear dependence of fluorescence intensity on CT DNA concentration over a range from 7.8 ng/mL to 10.0 g/mL, in the presence of AO at a concentration of 1.65 × 10 −6 mol/L and of SDS at a concentration of 8.0 × 10 −4 mol/L, allowed sensitive quantitation of CT DNA in a conventional fluorometer. Calibration graphs for yeast RNA and polynucleotides, such as poly A, poly U, and poly I, were also obtained.
Microstructured Electrolyte Membranes to Improve Fuel Cell Performance (2011)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rochester. Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2011.
Familial Paget's Disease of Bone: Nonlinkage to the <i>PDB1</i> and <i>PDB2</i> Loci on Chromosomes 6p and 18q in a Large Pedigree (2001)

Paget's disease of bone is a common condition characterized by bone pain, deformity, pathological fracture, and an increased incidence of osteosarcoma. Genetic factors play a role in the pathogenesis of Paget's disease but the molecular basis remains largely unknown. Susceptibility loci for Paget's disease of bone have been mapped to chromosome 6p21.3 (PDB1) and 18q21.1-q22 (PDB2) in different pedigrees. We have identified a large pedigree of over 250 individuals with 49 informative individuals affected with Paget's disease of bone; 31 of whom are available for genotypic analysis. The disease is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait in the pedigree with high penetrance by the sixth decade. Linkage analysis has been performed with markers at PDB1; these data show significant exclusion of linkage with log10 of the odds ratio (LOD) scores < -2 in this region. Linkage analysis of microsatellite markers from the PDB2 region has excluded linkage with this region, with a 30 cM exclusion region (LOD score < -2.0) centered on D18S42. These data confirm the genetic heterogeneity of Paget's disease of bone. Our hypothesis is that a novel susceptibility gene relevant to the pathogenesis of Paget's disease of bone lies elsewhere in the genome in the affected members of this pedigree and will be identified using a microsatellite genomewide scan followed by positional cloning.
Small-acinar patterns in the prostate gland with emphasis on atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and small-acinar carcinoma. (1988)

A number of anatomic structures and pathophysiologic processes can mimic small-acinar carcinoma of the prostate gland. Seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts, and Cowper's glands can, at times, enter into the differential diagnosis of adenocarcinoma. Likewise atrophy, postatrophic hyperplasia, and some variants of central nodular hyperplasia can present a troubling small-acinar pattern. Another common proliferation referred to as atypical adenomatous hyperplasia lies on a morphologic continuum with low-grade acinar carcinoma and is thought by many investigators to be premalignant. Its distinction from minimal-deviation adenocarcinoma is made on the basis of both architectural and somewhat arbitrary nuclear criteria. When encountered alone, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia alerts the pathologist to examine all tissue, as it is a frequent accompaniment of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Once a diagnosis of low-grade acinar carcinoma has been made, accurate pathologic staging, especially in conjunction with clinically unsuspected disease (stage A), is extremely important in treatment planning and prognostication.