gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concurrent Use of Greater Omentum with Persian Gulf Coral on Bone Healing in Dog: a Radiological and Histopathological Study (2013)

Objective- To evaluate the role of greater omentum incorporation of coral in healing of the long bone defect in dog model. Design- Experimental in-vivo study. Animals- Sixteen adult mongrel male dogs weighing 26.2±2.5 kg, free of evident infectious or parasitic illnesses were used in this study. Procedures- The operative procedure was undertaken under general anesthesia. Radial bone was exposed via a medial approach and a 10 mm transverse bone defect was created at mid-diaphysis with an electrical bone cutting saw. For omental free graft preparation, the abdominal cavity was approached through a 3 cm ventral midline incision, then the free end of the greater omentum was located and exteriorized from the abdominal cavity. A 30x30 mm piece of the omentum was isolated and harvested. In the control group (n=4), the defect was left empty. In the omental group (n=4) the defect was filled with the harvested omentum, in the omental-coral group (n=4) the defect was filled with omentum and a segment of coral. In the coral group (n=4) a segment of coral was implanted into the defected site. Finally, the injured radial bones were fixed with plate and screw. Radiographs of each forelimb were taken postoperatively on 1<sup>st</sup> day and at 30<sup>th</sup> and 60<sup>th</sup> post injury days to evaluate bone formation radiological criteria. The operated radial bones were removed on 60<sup>th</sup> postoperative day and were histopathologically evaluated. Results-Compared to the control groups, more advanced bone healing criteria was present in the coral, omental and omental-coral groups at radiological and histopathological evaluation at 60<sup>th</sup> post-operative day. Conclusion and clinical relevance- This study demonstrated favorable bone healing with the coral, omental and omental-coral in long bone defects in dog model.
assessing oral health in older people (2002)

Assessment of oral health is an important but neglected area of nursing care. This article describes an assessment tool and accompanying good practice guidelines for establishing and maintaining good oral health
Shape restoration of nonlinear distorted images (2002)

Image shape restoration based on mathematical transformation is a successful approach to nonlinear distortions in computer vision, robot vision and pattern recognition. The key of this process is to find the distortion function and its inverse function. Usually, the distortion function is unknown or unclear. Even in the case of when the function is known, it remains difficult to compute or estimate the parameters necessary for the restoration. To overcome this problem, in this paper, boundary functions have been used to approximate the exact distortion function. In this manner, the boundary functions are calculated using B-spline curve interpolation which coincides with the necessary condition of major elements that constitute a Coons transformation. The performance of the proposed method with nonlinear distorted images has been demonstrated in experiments with interesting results.
Confocal Microscopy Through a Fiber-Optic Imaging Bundle. (1995)

This dissertation describes the implementation of confocal microscopy through a fiber-optic imaging bundle. This system, the fiber-optic imaging-bundle confocal microscope, permits the optical-sectioning effect of confocal microscopy to be applied to a range of samples inaccessible to a conventional confocal microscope. Two such systems were designed and built. The first system is a modified laboratory microscope used to demonstrate and evaluate the performance of the fiber-optic imaging-bundle confocal microscope. The second system is a real-time slit-scanning microscope that is expected to be a suitable design for in-vivo medical applications. Fiber-optic imaging bundles are discussed in some detail. A number of parameters of three flexible silica imaging bundles were measured and the suitability of these bundles for use in the microscope is evaluated. A new reflection technique for measurement of optical-fiber refractive indices was developed and applied to the evaluation of these imaging bundles.
Characterization of Plasma Formation and Mass Ejection in Exploding Foil Initiators (2021)

To aid exploding foil initiator (EFI) design, better prediction of ejecta momentum through either mass or velocity prediction is required. A numerical model was developed to calculate the mass of material converted to plasma within the confined region of an EFI bridge during the change of state under an electrical stimulus from a discharging capacitor. Optimization is facilitated through the increased understanding of plasma evolution in current EFI designs, including the impact of this on both current delivery to the bridge and overall unit efficiency. The plasma regions were formed in key regions within the bridge, termed P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</sub> (ground side of EFI) and P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</sub> (high-voltage side of EFI) in this work. Different regions were dominant in mass ejection for different operating voltages. A trend is identified wherein the bridge exhibits an optimum threshold between the capacitor energy being utilized for mass conversion to plasma and that used for acceleration of this mass. It is postulated that, through geometric design modification, this threshold can be adjusted to deliver the momentum threshold of the explosive for which an EFI may be designed.
A new RF front-end and frequency synthesizer architecture for 3.1-10.6 GHz MB-OFDM UWB receivers (2005)

In this paper, an RF front-end and frequency synthesizer architecture is presented that targets a 3.1-10.6 GHz, low-cost, low-complexity, low power consumption, fully integrated receiver with minimum off-chip components for multiband OFDM ultrawideband (MB-OFDM UWB) systems. This paper provides an insight on how to determine the requirements, address design trade-offs and derive receiver specifications. A thorough study on out-of-band blockers reveals a few design trade-offs when implementing a UWB receiver with full frequency coverage. This observation leads to a front-end combining a wideband balun with a single-ended LNA that allows highest degree of on-chip integration. In addition, by exploiting the inherent relationship among band center frequencies, a new frequency synthesis scheme is proposed to generate all 14 MB-OFDM UWB bands with minimum number of mixing steps
4 Gbit/s, 233-km optical fibre transmission experiment using newly proposed direct-modulation PSK (1990)

An optical PSK modulation scheme (DM-PSK) in which current is directly injected into a laser diode having a wide and flat FM response is proposed. The results of a 4 Gbit/s optical DM-PSK transmission experiment through 233 km of conventional 1.3 μm zero-dispersion fibre at 1.55 μm show a receiver sensitivity of −42.3dBm (BER of 10−9) and a tolerable chromatic dispersion twice that of CP-FSK under similar conditions.
Linking strategy and practice in urban sanitation provision (2000)

There is a large gap between sanitation strategies at the policy level and actions that are practicable by those working at the municipal level. Policies should respond to and support local initiatives and sanitation plans should always be based upon a sound understanding of existing conditions.
Whose Home and Native Land (2005)

Indigenous peoples claim a particular bond to their ancestral land. This bond is the basis of their claim to these territories and belief in their inalienable right to this land. The deep connection by indigenous peoples to their land can be difficult to understand for some non-native people. This paper reflects on the concept of native homeland by comparing the concept of home among indigenous peoples to the Jewish concept of the land of Israel. In both cases the connection to the land is cultural, spiritual, economic, and environmental. Such parallel commitment to ancestral land leads to a reflexive consideration of the concept of homeland, which may provide insights to peoples of non-native heritage on the depth and importance of indigenous land claims.
Nitrogen Starvation Induced Oxidative Stress in an Oil-Producing Green Alga Chlorella sorokiniana C3 (2013)

Microalgal lipid is one of the most promising feedstocks for biodiesel production. Chlorella appears to be a particularly good option, and nitrogen (N) starvation is an efficient environmental pressure used to increase lipid accumulation in Chlorella cells. The effects of N starvation of an oil-producing wild microalga, Chlorella sorokiniana C3, on lipid accumulation were investigated using thin layer chromatography (TLC), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry (FCM). The results showed that N starvation resulted in lipid accumulation in C. sorokiniana C3 cells, oil droplet (OD) formation and significant lipid accumulation in cells were detected after 2 d and 8 d of N starvation, respectively. During OD formation, reduced photosynthetic rate, respiration rate and photochemistry efficiency accompanied by increased damage to PSII were observed, demonstrated by chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence, 77K fluorescence and oxygen evolution tests. In the mean time the rate of cyclic electron transportation increased correspondingly to produce more ATP for triacylglycerols (TAGs) synthesis. And 0.5 d was found to be the turning point for the early stress response and acclimation of cells to N starvation. Increased level of membrane peroxidation was also observed during OD formation, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxide dismutase (POD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activity assays suggested impaired reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability. Significant neutral lipid accumulation was also observed by artificial oxidative stress induced by H2O2 treatment. These results suggested coupled neutral lipid accumulation and oxidative stress during N starvation in C. sorokiniana C3.
Evaluation of the Predictive Accuracy of Five Whole Building Baseline Models (2012)

This report documents the relative and absolute performance of five baseline models used to characterize whole­building energy consumption. The Pulse Adaptive Model1, multi-­parameter change-­point, mean-week, day-­time-emperature, and LBNL models were evaluated according to a number of statistical ‘goodness of fit’ metrics, to determine their accuracy in characterizing the energy consumption of a set of 29 buildings. The baseline training period, prediction horizon, and predicted energy quantity (daily, weekly, and monthly energy consumption) were varied, and model predictions were compared to interval meter data to determine the accuracy of each model. Three combinations of baseline training periods and prediction horizons were considered: 6 months of training to generate a 12-­month prediction; 9 months of training to generate a 7-month prediction; and 12 months of training to generate a 6- month prediction.
Suffrage by Jenifer Nii, directed by Cheryl Ann Cluff (2013)

Jenifer Nii's new and original play Suffrage, set in 1880s territorial Utah, is the story of Frances (played by April Fossen) and Ruth (played by Sarah Young), two plural wives in a household under siege by the federal government. Their husband, Benjamin, is in prison awaiting trial, and his five wives and numerous children must find ways to make ends meet. Frances is stalwart and traditional, loving her sister wives' children as she does her own and thinking constantly of her dear husband and his welfare. Considerably younger, Ruth is a firecracker of high ideals and modern thought, getting deeply involved in Utah's suffrage movement. In Frances and Ruth is found a bastion of belief, despite their contrasting personalities. Theirs is a bare, solid faith that makes an unfamiliar family structure comprehensible to modern audiences. There is nothing odd or off-putting in Nii's depiction of these women and their way of life. The play does not condemn or commend polygamy; it simply portrays it. Frances and Ruth work to feed themselves and their family; they struggle to raise and discipline their children; they defend and practice their faith.
Statistical syntactic methods for high-performance OCR (1996)

The paper describes a new method for language modelling and reports its application to handwritten OCR. Images of characters are first chain-coded to convert them to strings. A novel language modelling method is then applied to build a statistical model for strings of each class. The language modelling method is based on a probabilistic version of an n-tuple classifier which is scanned along the entire string for both training and recognition. This method is extremely fast and robust, and concentrates all the computational effort on the portion of the image where the information is, i.e. the edges left by the trace of the pen. Results on the CEDAR handwritten digit database show the new method to be almost as accurate as the best methods reported so far, while offering a significant speed advantage.
Effect of an excess intake of leucine, with and without additions of vitamin B6 and/or niacin, on tryptophan and niacin metabolism in rats. (1977)

Three experiments were carried out on a total of 78 female rats to examine the effect of an excess intake of leucine, with and without additions of vitamin B6 and/or niacin, on the excretion of tryptophan and niacin metabolites, and on branched-chain amino acid transaminase activity in some organs and on serum amino acid levels. An excess in-take of leucine (10% leucine) retarded the growth of rats, and vitamin B6 and niacin deficiencies did not enhance this effect. Urinary excretion of N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (pyridone) and niacin was scarcely affected by the excess intake of leucine, but the excretion of N'-methylnicotinamide (N-MNA) seemed to decrease. Urinary excretion of quinolinic acid decreased during the experimental period in all the rats. These facts suggest that the conversion of quinolinic acid to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) may not be in-hibited by an excess intake of leucine. Urinary excretion of 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid increased in all the rats, and there was no significant difference among them. Branched-chain amino acid transaminase activity decreased in vitamin B6 deficiency, but rather increased in excess leucine. The serum leucine level did not increase in humans in our previous experiment, but in the present experiment in rats, it increased on the 17th and the 21st days of administration of 10% leucine. Serum valine and isoleucine levels decreased. On the contrary, serum tryptophan level increased. An excess intake of leucine, even with a large amount of it, did not seem to be related to the incidence of pellagra, so far as the urinary excretions of tryptophan and niacin metabolites are concerned.
Elastic Wave Propagation in Piezoelectric Semiconductors (1962)

A plane elastic wave propagating in a piezoelectric crystal may be accompanied by longitudinal electric fields which provide an additional elastic stiffness. When the crystal is also semiconducting, these fields produce currents and space charge resulting in acoustic dispersion and loss. A linear theory of this effect is developed, taking into account drift, diffusion, and trapping of carriers for both extrinsic and intrinsic semiconductors. Conductivity modulation sets an upper limit on strain amplitude for a linear theory. The directional characteristics and the magnitude of the effects are illustrated for CdS and GaAs. The Appendix treats the interaction of an arbitrary acoustic plane wave with the electromagnetic fields in a piezoelectric crystal (based on a treatment by Kyame [J. J. Kyame, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 21, 159 (1949); 26, 990 (1954).]) and further shows explicitly that only the effects of longitudinal electric fields need be considered.
On the implementation of shifters, multipliers, and dividers in VLSI floating point units (1987)

Several options for the implementation of combinatorial shifters, multipliers, and dividers for a VLSI floating point unit are presented and compared. The comparisons are made in the context of a single chip implementation in light of the constraints imposed by currently available MOS technology.
OWL: A Recommender System for Organization-Wide Learning. (2000)

We describe the use of a recommender system to enable continuous knowledge acquisition and individualized tutoring of application software across an organization. Installing such systems will result in the capture of evolving expertise and in organization-wide learning (OWL). We present the results of a year-long naturalistic inquiry into an application&apos;s usage patterns, based on logging users&apos; actions. We analyze the data to develop user models, individualized expert models, and instructional indicators. We show how this information is used to recommend learning tips to users. Keywords Recommender system, organization-wide learning, OWL, individualized instruction, agent, instrumentation, logging. Introduction New Workplace Technologies Enable New Learning Methods In the last decade, an enormous change has taken place in the workplace: there is a PC on every desk, and much office work is performed in the medium of software. Mastering one&apos;s software - at least the portion of...
Identity Matters: Racial-ethnic identity and Māori students (2012)

Racial-ethnic identity is a fundamental aspect of an early adolescent's identity. This article, based on data from Maori adolescents in Auckland, shows that racial-ethnic identity is important for Maori adolescents because it frames who they are, how they belong and their achievement aspirations. It concludes that, although negative stereotypes are prevalent and powerful in the lives of Maori adolescents, a strong racial-ethnic identity may enhance their resilience, providing them with the capacity to prevent negative pressures from interfering with their educational engagement.
A trust evaluation framework in distributed networks: Vulnerability analysis and defense against attacks (2006)

The performance of distributed networks depends on collaboration among distributed entities. To enhance security in distributed networks, such as ad hoc networks, it is important to evaluate the trustworthiness of participating entities since trust is the major driving force for collaboration. In this paper, we present a framework to quantitatively measure trust, model trust propagation, and defend trust evaluation systems against malicious attacks. In particular, we address the fundamental understanding of trust, quantitative trust metrics, mathematical properties of trust, dynamic properties of trust, and trust models. The attacks against trust evaluation are identified and defense techniques are developed. The proposed trust evaluation system is employed in ad hoc networks for securing ad hoc routing and assisting malicious node detection. The implementation is fully distributed. Simulations show that the proposed system can significantly improve network throughput as well as effectively detect malicious behaviors in ad hoc networks. Further, extensive simulations are performed to illustrate various attacks and the effectiveness of the proposed defense techniques.
User Behaviour Analysis of a Video-On-Demand Service with a Wide Variety of Subjects and Lengths (2005)

This paper presents the analysis performed on the www.lne.es video-on-demand service (LNE TV), which is part of the digital version of one of the most important newspapers in Spain. Its principal special characteristic is the wide range of subjects (news, music, culture, tourism, nature, sports, etc) and lengths of the offered contents (from 2 minutes to 2 hours), which make it an interesting case study. Elements about user behavior have been analyzed such as session analysis; delivered time, pause distribution, jumps length, etc. The study points out interesting results about length dependence, interactions appearing, popularity of the videos, etc., which are compared with the results obtained in previous works, generally developed on educational environments (services or users). A behavior user model has been performed using the results of the analyses. This model is oriented to services with different types of information and lengths for the videos. This study has been performed thanks to an access log database with more than 150,000 requests of almost 900 videos stored over a period of 4 years. The conclusions of the study are essential to improve the service configuration and content selection. Moreover, they can be used to develop service models for video-on-demand services, which can help administrators to predict future situations and avoid performance problems.
Arima model for network traffic prediction and anomaly detection (2008)

This paper presents the use of a basic ARIMA model for network traffic prediction and anomaly detection. Accurate network traffic modeling and prediction are important for network provisioning and problem diagnosis, but network traffic is highly dynamic. To achieve better modeling and prediction it is needed to isolate anomalies from normal traffic variation. Thus, we decompose traffic signals into two parts normal variations, that follow certain law and are predictable and, anomalies that consist of sudden changes and are not predictable. ARIMA analysis and modeling for network traffic prediction is able to detect and identify volume anomaly or outliers.
OCR signage recognition with skew &amp; slant correction for visually impaired people (2011)

It is a challenge for visually impaired people (VIPs) to navigate independently whenever they attempt to find their way in unfamiliar buildings searching for amenities (i.e. exits, ladies/gents toilets) even with a walking stick or a guide dog. Camera-based computer vision systems have the potential to assist VIPs in independent navigation or way finding in unfamiliar places. To leverage on previous research of Signage Recognition Framework which could only recognize public signage with slanted angle less than30°, an improved OCR signage recognition model with skew and slant correction in public signage is presented. The proposed OCR method consists of Canny edge detection algorithm, Hough Transformation and Shearing Transformation were used to detect and correct skewed and slanted images. The proposed model would capture a public signage image, compare the image in the database using template matching algorithm and convert to machine readable text in a text file. The text will then be processed by Microsoft Speech Application Program Interface (SAPI) speech synthesizer and translated to voice as output. Experiments were conducted on 5 blind folded subjects to test the performance of the model. The proposed OCR recognition model has achieved satisfactory recognition rate of 82.7%.