gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Current Helium Plasma for In vivo Delivery of Plasmid DNA Encoding Erythropoietin to Murine Skin (2017)

The use of electric fields <i>in vivo</i> to deliver DNA, called electroporation, has the potential to broadly impact vaccination and disease treatment. The evidence for this has emerged from a large number of recently completed and ongoing clinical trials. The methods for applying electric fields to tissues traditionally involve contact between metal electrodes and the tissue. In this study, we investigated the use of helium plasma as a noncontact method for electrically treating tissue in a manner that results in the uptake and expression of foreign DNA in murine skin. More specifically, our goal was to demonstrate that DNA encoding a model-secreted protein could be delivered, detected in the blood, and remain functional to produce its known biological effect. Murine erythropoietin (EPO) was the model-secreted protein. Results clearly demonstrated that an intradermal DNA injection followed by plasma treatment for 2 min resulted in elevated levels of EPO in the blood and corresponding hemoglobin increases that were statistically significant relative to DNA injection alone.
A code to correct synchronization errors (1993)

Abstract Until now, no code has been reported which can algebraically correct errors consisting in bit deletions or insertions (synchronization errors) and errors by bit inversion (inversion errors) when they occur simultaneously. This paper proposes a code that can algebraically correct simultaneously occurring synchronization and inversion errors as long as they occur within the range of a single byte. The proposed code is practical, involving very simple operations, and can correct synchronization and inversion errors in an information sequence of k bytes, where 1 byte consists of q bits, when the errors occur within a single byte. The redundancy and effectiveness of the code also are discussed.
Piezoelectric vibration control by synchronized switching on adaptive voltage sources: Towards wideband semi-active damping (2006)

Synchronized switch damping (SSD) principle and derived techniques have been developed to address the problem of structural damping. Compared with standard passive piezoelectric damping, these new semi-passive techniques offer the advantage of self-adaptation with environmental variations. Unlike active damping systems, their implementation does not require any sophisticated signal processing nor any bulky power amplifier. This paper presents an enhancement of the SSD technique on voltage source (SSDV) which is the most effective of the SSD techniques. The former SSDV technique uses a constant continuous voltage sources whereas the proposed enhancement uses an adaptive continuous voltage source which permits fitting the mechanical braking force resulting from the SSDV process to the vibration level. A theoretical analysis of the SSDV techniques is proposed. Experimental results for structural damping under single frequency and for vibration control of a smart board under white noise excitation are presented and confirm the interest of the enhanced SSDV compared to other SSD techniques. Depending on the excitation type, a 4- to 10-dB damping gain can be achieved.
Prostaglandin D2: Effects on the Rabbit Utero-Placental Circulation (1979)

The uterine, placental, and renal vascular responses to a 2 min intraventricular prostaglandin D2 infusion (10 μg/kg/min) were examined using the microsphere technique in 12 chronically catheterized near-term rabbits. The prostaglandin D2 infusion significantly decreased mean arterial pressure from 87 ± 3 to 81 ± 3 mm Hg. Uterine vascular resistance decreased from 862 ± 164 to 544 ± 47 mm Hg X min/ml X g while the placental vascular resistance increased from 389 ± 54 to 1136 ± 337 mm Hg X min/ml x g. The renal vasculature dilated in response to prostaglandin D2, the renal vascular resistance decreasing from 23 ± 2.7 to 15.8 ± 1.5 mm Hg X min/ml X g. Thus, prostaglandin D2 dilates the uterine and renal vasculature and is a strong placental vasoconstrictor. This response is independent of intrauterine pressure changes and appears to be a direct effect.
Passivation and Depassivation of Alloy 22 in Acidic Chloride Solutions (2009)

Alloy 22 (N06022) is a Ni–Cr–Mo alloy that offers an outstanding corrosion resistance in a wide variety of highly corrosive environments. In the present work, the general corrosion of alloy 22 in the passive and active states and the transition from passive and active states were studied in acidic chloride solutions at . Electrochemical studies, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization tests, were performed using mill-annealed and thermally aged (10 h at ) alloy 22 specimens. The depassivation pH was 1.7 in deaerated conditions and in aerated conditions. The transition from passive to active states was characterized by a 3 orders of magnitude increase in the corrosion rate (CR) and a significant increase in the interfacial capacity. The CRs obtained via electrochemical tests for mill-annealed (MA) and thermally aged alloy 22 were comparable in all the tested conditions used in the present work. Intergranular attack was observed in thermally aged alloy 22 corroding in the active state due to the presence of precipitates and adjacent depleted zones of the protective alloying elements.
Zolmitriptan (Zomig™, 311C90), a novel dual central and peripheral 5HT1B/1D agonist: An overview of efficacy (1997)

The efficacy of zolmitriptan (Zomig, 311C90), a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT)1B/1D receptor agonist, in the acute oral treatment of migraine was evaluated in an extensive clinical trial program. Four randomized, placebo-controlled studies (total 2480 patients) were performed; data from two of these trials established that a 2.5 mg dose was on the shoulder of the dose-response curve (2-h headache response rate 64%), showing similar efficacy to the 5 mg dose (67%). In this program, the efficacy of zolmitriptan was not influenced by the pretreatment headache duration; the presence of aura preceding the headache, migraine associated with menses or migraine upon awakening; or by concomitant use of oral contraceptives or antidepressants. In addition, zolmitriptan 5 mg proved consistently effective in the treatment of multiple migraine attacks for up to 1 year. Zolmitriptan reduced the incidence of nausea, photophobia and phonophobia, reduced impairment of normal activity and demonstrated positive effects on patients' quality of life. Thus, zolmitriptan is a highly effective acute oral antimigraine therapy, with 2.5 mg providing the optimal balance between efficacy and tolerability.
Effects of Laves Phase on the Properties of Ti and Nb Stabilized Low C, N-19%Cr-2%Mo Stainless Steel Sheets (1979)

An investigation has been made of the effects of the annealing conditions and its cooling rates on the Charpy impact value and the mechanical properties of Ti and Nb stabilized low C, N-19%Cr-2%Mo stainless steel sheet. The main results obtained in this paper are as follows:(1) The precipitation of Laves phase has a great influence upon the mechanical properties of this steel sheet. Its structure is determined as MgZn2 (C14) type (Fe, Cr) 2 (Mo, Nb, Ti) Laves phase using electron and X-ray diffraction techniques and electron probe microanalysis. The lattice constants obtained are a0=4.78 Å, c0=7.84 Å and c0/a0=1.64. The orientation relationship between Laves phase and matrix is determined as (0001) Laves// (110) α, [1120] Laves// [111] α. The precipitation rate of Laves phase reaches the maximum at 700°C and its dissolution occurs over 900°C.(2) Laves phase is formed at grainboundary and then in matrix during cooling. Large Laves phase at grainboundary shifts the ductilebrittle transition temperature to higher one. The large amount of Laves phase degrades the room temperature ductility of cold rolled and annealed sheet and enhances its strength very much. The degradation of these mechanical properties can be overcome by rapid cooling.(3) When the effect of cold reduction on the mechanical properties of cold rolled and annealed sheet is examined between 0 and 92%, a peculiarly rapid precipitation of Laves phase is observed at 20% cold reduction and its mechnical properties are severely degraded because of the rapid precipitation.(4) The optimum properties of cold rolled and annealed sheet are obtained by the following conditions: Hot rolled sheet is annealed at 950°C and cooled rapidly. Cold reduction is more than 80% in order to improve r value. Cold rolled sheet is annealed at 920°C and cooled rapidly.
Integrating coercion with subtyping and multiple dispatch (2008)

Coercion can greatly improve the readability of programs, especially in arithmetic expressions. However, coercion interacts with other features of programming languages, particularly subtyping and overloaded functions and operators, in ways that can produce surprising behavior. We study examples of such surprising behavior in existing languages. This study informs the design of the coercion mechanism of Fortress, an object-oriented language with multiple dynamic dispatch, multiple inheritance and user-defined coercion. We describe this design and show how its restrictions on overloaded declarations prevent ambiguous calls due to coercion.
Pre-Disposition and Epigenetics Govern Variation in Bacterial Survival upon Stress (2012)

Bacteria suffer various stresses in their unpredictable environment. In response, clonal populations may exhibit cell-to-cell variation, hypothetically to maximize their survival. The origins, propagation, and consequences of this variability remain poorly understood. Variability persists through cell division events, yet detailed lineage information for individual stress-response phenotypes is scarce. This work combines time-lapse microscopy and microfluidics to uniformly manipulate the environmental changes experienced by clonal bacteria. We quantify the growth rates and RpoH-driven heat-shock responses of individual Escherichia coli within their lineage context, stressed by low streptomycin concentrations. We observe an increased variation in phenotypes, as different as survival from death, that can be traced to asymmetric division events occurring prior to stress induction. Epigenetic inheritance contributes to the propagation of the observed phenotypic variation, resulting in three-fold increase of the RpoH-driven expression autocorrelation time following stress induction. We propose that the increased permeability of streptomycin-stressed cells serves as a positive feedback loop underlying this epigenetic effect. Our results suggest that stochasticity, pre-disposition, and epigenetic effects are at the source of stress-induced variability. Unlike in a bet-hedging strategy, we observe that cells with a higher investment in maintenance, measured as the basal RpoH transcriptional activity prior to antibiotic treatment, are more likely to give rise to stressed, frail progeny.
Combustion of Black Liquor–Solid Biomass Mixtures in a Single Particle Reactor—Characteristics and Fate of Nitrogen (2011)

Kraft black liquor is a by-product of the Kraft chemical pulping process. It is burned in a special boiler, called a Kraft recovery boiler, to recover energy and chemicals. One proposed concept is the mixing of biomass and black liquor for co-combustion in the recovery boiler. This laboratory scale study was done as a first step in evaluating this concept by comparing the combustion behavior of different levels of biomass addition and the fate of the fuel nitrogen. A unique feature of black liquor combustion is that up to 40% of the fuel nitrogen can be found in the molten salts after combustion, as sodium cyanate. This study found that part of the biomass nitrogen can also be found in the ash from the biomass–black liquor mixtures. Combustion experiments were carried out with black liquor–biomass mixtures made with wood or bark of up to 50% biomass. Single droplets were burned in a laboratory furnace at 900 °C and 10% O2 and at 1100 °C and 3.3% O2. Cyanate formation was studied by pyrolysis and gasification of individual droplets at 800 °C in 13% CO2/87% N2. The laboratory tests showed that there is an increase in combustion times, mostly the char burning time and an increase in NO formation with increased biomass addition. Cyanate formation tests indicated that black liquor promotes the conversion of biomass nitrogen to cyanate.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,6‐DIVINYLTETRAHYDROPYRAN (1973)

Abstract Aus Glutaraldehyd (I) wird mit Vinyl‐Mg‐bromid (II) das Diol (III) erhalten, dessen cyclisierende Dehydratisierung mit p‐Toluolsulfonsäure‐monohydrat zu einem cis/trans‐Gemisch der Titelverbindung führt.
Azide−Alkyne “Click” Conjugation of 8-Aza-7-deazaadenine-DNA: Synthesis, Duplex Stability, and Fluorogenic Dye Labeling (2010)

The internal dye labeling of DNA by the Huisgen-Meldal-Sharpless "click" reaction is described. Fluorogenic 9-azidomethyl anthracene 2 and 3-azido-7-hydroxycoumarin 3 were employed in the postsynthetic functionalization of oligonucleotides incorporating octa-(1,7)-diynyl-8-aza-7-deaza-2'-deoxyadenosine 1. Nucleoside 1 was prepared by Sonogashira cross coupling from the corresponding 7-iodo compound, converted into the corresponding phosphoramidite, and oligonucleotides were synthesized. To evaluate the influence of ligands on the oligonucleotide duplex stability, benzyl azide 4 (nonpolar), and 2',3'-dideoxy azidothymidine 5 (AZT) (polar) were introduced along with the fluorogenic dyes 2 and 3. DNA duplexes with octa-1,7-diynyl side chains (i.e., containing 1) are more stable than oligonucleotides containing 8-aza-7-deaza-2'-deoxyadenosine, unveiling that this side chain has steric freedom. A single conjugation by an anthracene residue led to a 9 °C T(m) increase of duplex melting. Contrary to 7-deazaadenine dye conjugates, the 8-aza-7-deazaadenine conjugates show virtually no fluorescence quenching, thereby developing almost as strong fluorescence as side chain click derivatives (32 and 33) in the absence of 8-aza-7-deazaadenine moiety. Duplexes containing the 8-aza-7-deazaadenine dye conjugate show increased fluorescence over single-stranded DNA. Mismatches with dA, dG, and dC develop reduced fluorescence compared to the fully matched base pair. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the bulky dye molecules are accommodated well in duplex DNA.
INPLANE BUCKLING OF ANISOTROPIC RINGS (2002)

Inplane buckling of laminated rings is considered based on a non-linear theory for stretching and bending of geometrically and materially symmetric anisotropic beams having constant initial curvature in their plane of symmetry. The ring is formed by initially curving the laminated beam out of the plane of the laminate. For the kinematics, the geometrically exact one-dimensional (1-D) measures of deformation are specialized for small strain, and a 1-D constitutive law is developed via an asymptotically correct dimensional reduction of geometrically non-linear 3-D elasticity. The reduction assumes small strain and comparable magnitudes for the initial radius of curvature R and the wavelength of deformation along the beam reference line. Other small parameters include the ratio of cross-sectional thickness h to initial radius of curvature (h/R) and the ratio of cross-sectional thickness to cross-sectional width (h/b). In spite of a very simple final expression for the second variation of the total potential, it is shown that the only restriction on the validity of the buckling analysis is that the prebuckling strain remains small. The buckling load obtained exhibits features not found in published formulae.
Estimation of Basicity of Metal Oxides (1985)

金属酸化物の塩基性度を滴定と電子受容体の吸着により決定した。その結果, アルミナとチタニアにおいて塩基性度の異なるサイトの分布はルイスおよびブレンステッドサイトに関して似かよっていた。一方, ジルコニアーチタニァ二成分系ではルイスサイトのみが存在し, そのサイト濃度は単独のジルコニァやチタニァに比べて小さい値となった。
Determination of roots of eikonal equation for WKB solution in cochlear models (1998)

The WKB-theory-based asymptotic methods have been used to obtain solutions to analytical cochlear models [E. de Boer, Phys. Rep. 105(3), 141–226]. The local wave number for this solution is obtained as the root of the eikonal equation or the dispersion equation. For a three-dimensional rectangular model, multiple complex roots exist, which could give rise to additional waves on the basilar membrane. However, previous results were based on a single root locus determined using initial estimates obtained from the long-wave approximation. In this study, the winding-number integral technique [P. R. Brazier-Smith and J. F. M. Scott, J. Sound Vib. 145(3), 503–510] is used to obtain a definitive identification of the multiple roots and their dependence on the number of acoustic cross modes. A priori information about the characteristics of the dispersion relationship was used to obtain an initial estimate of the search region. Thereafter the region was refined and the roots located using moments of the winding integral and secant iterations. It was found that higher-order roots are strongly evanescent away from the resonance location. Also, as the number of acoustic cross modes of the duct increases, more roots appear. The influence of these roots on the solution will be discussed.
Study on RF magnetron discharges of oxygen/argon mixture by the particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo method (2003)

Summary form only given, as follows. The characteristics of rf planar magnetron discharges of O/sub 2//Ar mixture are clarified using the Particle-in-Cell/Monte Carlo (PIC/MC) method. The simulation is carried out for axisymmetrical magnetic fields. The spatial and temporal behavior of magnetron discharge is examined in detail. The total pressure and temperature of mixture gas are 5mTorr and 323K, respectively The voltage amplitude is 200V. The magnetization in the magnets is 0.25T. We change mole fraction X/sub O2/ of oxygen. The O/sup -/ ions are trapped in the plasma bulk by the time-averaged potential The spatial distribution of the density of O/sup -/ ions is governed by a balance of generation and loss of O/sup -/. The positive ions Ar, O/sub 2//sup +/, and O/sup +/ are distributed in such a way that the charge neutrality is kept in the plasma bulk. Consequently, the spatial distributions of Ar/sup +/, O/sub 2//sup +/, and O/sup +/ have two peaks. The number densities of Ar/sup +/ and O/sup -/ ions drastically increase when oxygen is added to the discharge gas Ar. In the case when mole fraction X/sub O2/ of oxygen increases, the self-bias voltage on the target decreases. This phenomenon is investigated in detail and a, clear physical explanation is presented.
Low Energy Associative Data Caches for Embedded Systems (2005)

Modern embedded processors use data caches with higher and higher degrees of associativity in order to increase performance. A set-associative data cache consumes a significant fraction of the total energy budget in such embedded processors. This paper describes a technique for reducing the D-cache energy consumption and shows its impact on energy consumption and performance of an embedded processor. The technique utilizes cache line address locality to determine (rather than predict) the cache way prior to the cache access. It thus allows only the desired way to be accessed for both tags and data. The proposed mechanism is shown to reduce the average L1 data cache energy consumption when running the MiBench embedded benchmark suite for 8, 16 and 32-way set-associate caches by, respectively, an average of 66%, 72% and 76%. The absolute energy savings from this technique increase significantly with associativity. The design has no impact on performance and, given that it does not have mis-prediction penalties, it does not introduce any new non-deterministic behavior in program execution.
Production of 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid by Kluyvera citrophila KY 3641 (1972)

Kluyvera citrophila KY 3641 cultivated aerobically more than 48 hr produced penicillin acylase. Sucrose, monosodium glutamate and aspartic acid stimulated the growth of the cells, whereas glucose, fructose, maltose and lactose inhibited the growth and acylase production. Enzymic reaction was carried out with whole broth, too, instead of using separated intact cells. The cells maintained its acylase activity more than one month and could be used repeatedly. Acetone-dried or freeze-dried cell was also available for enzymic reaction. Identification of 6-APA was also described.
Antimycotic effects of octenidine and pirtenidine (1990)

The effects of octenidine and pirtenidine on yeasts (in particular Candida albicans) have been studied. MIC and MCC values have been established as well as the inhibitory effects on growth, budding and germ tube formation. The drugs were shown to cause extensive leakage of cytoplasmic contents from the cells which was correlated with morphological and ultrastructural changes in the yeast.
ChemInform Abstract: NEUROTROPIC AND PSYCHOTROPIC AGENTS PART 83, NAPHTHYLPIPERAZINES AND TETRALYLPIPERAZINES, SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES (1975)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung des Naphthylaminhy‐drochlorides (I) mit Diäthanolamin‐HCI (II) wird das Naphthylpiperazin (IIIa) dargestellt; analog werden die Verbindungen (IVa), (Va) und (VIa) gewonnen.
Retransmission Control Scheme for TCP Packet Radio Systems (1999)

In addition to Th2 cells, other T cell subsets, like Th1, Th17, and regulatory T cells are also involved in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis, food allergy, and other allergic diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate a wide profile of cytokines in the plasma from children with pollen/dust and cow milk allergy with the use of a multiplex Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) test. Twenty children with allergy: 11 with pollen/dust and 9 with cow milk allergy were enrolled into the study. For the analysis of INFγ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and TNFα levels, a flow cytometric test was used. TGFβ concentration was measured using an ELISA test. Concentrations of almost all of the detected cytokines in the patient's plasma were below 1 pg/ml, with no significant difference between the groups examined. The level of IL-17A was higher in pollen/dust allergy group (median 12.73 pg/ml; 25th percentile-Q1/75th percentile-Q3; 9.28/15.83) in comparison to cow milk allergy group (median 7.86 pg/ml - Q1/Q3; 7.86/14.37). Children with cow milk allergy had a slightly higher concentration of TGFβ than children with pollen/dust allergy (median 28.7 ng/ml - Q1/Q3; 19.77/33.00 vs. 17.84 ng/ml - Q1/Q3; 11.21/23.75, respectively); the difference did not reach statistical significance. We conclude that plasma concentration of Th1, Th2, and Th17 regulatory cytokines are relatively low in allergic children. The CBA test, which could be useful in pediatric practice as it requires a relatively small plasma sample volume, is not sensitive enough to measure low cytokine levels, since its detection limit and the standard curve are not appropriate for the concentrations of these mediators expected in clinical samples.