gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Utilization of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (1985)

Information derived from pharmaceutical marketing databases on the use of 12 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in 1983 is presented. Estimates of population exposure, regularity of treatment, average daily dose, age and sex distributions of users, concomitant use of other drugs, associated diagnoses, and trends in use are provided. Utilization patterns were similar for 8 of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, with differing patterns seen for mefenamic acid, oxyphenbutazone, phenylbutazone, and zomepirac.
Trichomonas vaginalis: Reevaluation of Its Clinical Presentation and Laboratory Diagnosis (1980)

Vaginal discharge is the most common complaint and Trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis the most frequently diagnosed problem among women attending the DeKalb County Georgia, Veneral Disease Clinic. Despite this prevalence, the 1837 observations of Donné are the criteria frequently used in the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of trichomoniasis. Our study shows that a purulent, frothy discharge is indeed a characteristic of trichomonal vaginitis, but if it is used as the sole diagnostic criterion, 88% of women with trichomonal vaginitis will not be identified and 29% will be erroneously diagnosed as infected. Donné's wet-mount test remains highly specific, but culture will detect twice as many trichomonas infections. There is a positive association between trichomoniasis and gonococcal cervicitis, failure to use contraceptive techniques, and lack of yeast in the wet mount of vaginal secretions.
Kraft Pulp Biobleaching and Mediated Oxidation of a Nonphenolic Substrate by Laccase from <i>Streptomyces cyaneus</i> CECT 3335 (2003)

A new laccase (EC 1.10.3.2) produced by Streptomyces cyaneus CECT 3335 in liquid media containing soya flour (20 g per liter) was purified to homogeneity. The physicochemical, catalytic, and spectral characteristics of this enzyme, as well as its suitability for biobleaching of eucalyptus kraft pulps, were assessed. The purified laccase had a molecular mass of 75 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.6, and its optimal pH and temperature were 4.5 and 70 degrees C, respectively. The activity was strongly enhanced in the presence of Cu(2+), Mn(2+), and Mg(2+) and was completely inhibited by EDTA and sodium azide. The purified laccase exhibited high levels of activity against 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and no activity against tyrosine. The UV-visible spectrum of the purified laccase was the typical spectrum of the blue laccases, with an absorption peak at 600 nm and a shoulder around 330 to 340 nm. The ability of the purified laccase to oxidize a nonphenolic compound, such as veratryl alcohol, in the presence of ABTS opens up new possibilities for the use of bacterial laccases in the pulp and paper industry. We demonstrated that application of the laccase from S. cyaneus in the presence of ABTS to biobleaching of eucalyptus kraft pulps resulted in a significant decrease in the kappa number (2.3 U) and an important increase in the brightness (2.2%, as determined by the International Standard Organization test) of pulps, showing the suitability of laccases produced by streptomycetes for industrial purposes.
Analysis of the Temperature-Dependent Phonon Structure in Sodium Nitrite by Raman Spectroscopy (1972)

The temperature behavior of the TO-phonon frequencies and line shapes in NaN${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, as observed by Raman spectroscopy, is reported for temperatures from 20 to 250\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The Raman spectra of the ferroelectric phase obeyed the selection rules of the ${C}_{2V}^{20}$ space group. In the paraelectric Raman spectra, extra resonances (six instead of the expected three) were found. This anomaly and accompanying line asymmetries are accounted for by recognizing the effect of the nitrite-ion disordering along the $b$ axis upon lattice states. Additionally, in the paraelectric Raman spectra [polarized and ($\mathrm{bc}$)], a redundant appearance of the symmetric internal vibrations was observed, from which we conclude that above the phase-transition temperature there is a large torsional oscillation of the N${\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ion about the $a$ axis. Significantly, the librational frequency associated with this torsional oscillation softened at key temperatures, the temperatures at which long- and short-range orders are lost. From our data, we conclude that the nitrogen atom jumps between two equivalent lattice sites by the flipping of the nitrite ion about the $a$ axis, and we suggest that temperature-dependent coupling between normal modes precipitates this flipping. A careful search of the Raman spectra 3 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ from the frequency of the incident laser revealed no "Cochran" soft modes or supernumerary modes, such as a dipole wave, that might explain the ferroelectric phase transition in NaN${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$.
Short-term state forecasting-based optimal voltage regulation in distribution systems (2017)

A novel short-term state forecasting-based optimal power flow (OPF) approach for distribution system voltage regulation is proposed in this paper. An extreme learning machine (ELM) based state forecaster is developed to accurately predict system states (voltage magnitudes and angles) in the near future. Based on the forecast system states, a dynamically weighted three-phase AC OPF problem is formulated to minimize the voltage violations with higher penalization on buses which are forecast to have higher voltage violations in the near future. By solving the proposed OPF problem, the controllable resources in the system are optimally coordinated to alleviate the potential severe voltage violations and improve the overall voltage profile. The proposed approach has been tested in a 12-bus distribution system and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach.
Decreased CD45RA T cells in B-cell chronic lymphatic leukemia patients: correlation with disease stage (1991)

T-cell subsets CD4, CD8 and suppressor-inducers (CD45RA) were determined in 20 patients with B-cell chronic lymphatic leukemia (B- CLL). The proportion of CD4 and CD45RA was decreased when compared with T cells from normal subjects. CD8 was markedly increased. The activity of concanavalin A-induced suppressor cells was not significantly different from that of normal controls and was negatively correlated to the percentage of CD4 of B-CLL patients. The selective loss of CD45RA cells was more prominent in patients in advanced Rai stages of the disease (III to IV) than in early stages (0 to II). Six patients of the advanced stages group suffered from autoimmune hemolytic anemia, whereas no patient in the early stages of disease showed an autoimmune phenomenon. Our results may indicate a mechanism of autoimmunity in B- CLL similar to that of patients with autoimmune diseases.
Tubule Formation Assays (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Endothelial cell sources Endothelial cell morphology and tubule formation Tubule assay matrices 2D assay protocols Analysis of tubule formation in 2D assays Recent developments in 2D assays 3D assays Analysis of 3D assays Co-culture assays Conclusions References
Low complexity embedded compression algorithm for reduction of memory size and bandwidth requirements in the JPEG2000 encoder (2010)

In this paper, a new and low-complexity embedded compression (EC) algorithm for the JPEG2000 encoder system is proposed to efficiently reduce memory requirements. The proposed EC algorithm is used to achieve a fixed compression ratio of 50% under the near-lossless compression constraint. Through the EC technique, the memory requirement for intermediate low-frequency coefficients during multiple DWT stages can be reduced by a factor of 2 compared with direct implementation of the JPEG2000 encoder. By jointly considering the coding flow of both block-based 2D-DWT and bit-plane coders, the EC scheme combines an efficient quantization and simple entropy coder to reduce memory transaction bandwidth between DWT and bit-plane coder (BPC) to 50%. Furthermore, this EC reduces the size of code-block memory from DWT to BPC. Experiment results based on standard test image benchmarks show that our proposed EC algorithm presents only PSNR degradation of 1.05 dB on average when the target compression ratio is fixed at 50%. Our EC can be applicable to the JPEG2000 encoding system to save memory size and bandwidth requirements with minor picture quality degradation. The proposed EC algorithm is also computationally simple, reducing latency time and creating sufficient accessibility.
Fostamatinib disodium (2011)

The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Syk has a diverse range of biological functions, including a critical role in the intracellular signalling cascade for the surface immunoglobulin receptor on B lymphocytes, and the Fc receptor expressed on numerous immune effector cells. It is therefore seen as a potential therapeutic target in a variety of conditions, including autoimmune, allergic and malignant diseases. Fostamatinib disodium is the orally bioavailable prodrug of R406, a relatively selective small molecule inhibitor of Syk, that has accordingly shown activity in numerous cell types in vitro, and efficacy in a remarkable range of animal models in vivo, including rodent models of asthma, inflammatory arthritis, lupus, glomerulonephritis, diabetes and lymphoma. Success in these models has translated to phase II clinical trials in autoimmune thrombocytopenia, lymphoma and, most notably, rheumatoid arthritis, in which larger phase III trials are currently in progress. Whilst the diverse biological functions of Syk, coupled to the potential off-target effects of this kinase inhibitor are a source of possible toxicity, the available data thus far augurs well for future clinical use of Fostamatinib in a wide range of human diseases.
Fibroblast Inhibition Does Not Promote Normal Lung Repair After Hyperoxia (1994)

Severe alveolar epithelial injury disrupts the normal epithelial cell-fibroblast relationship, leading to abnormal repair and the uncontrolled growth of fibroblasts. It is postulated that selective inhibition of fibroblasts growth after injury may allow epithelial regeneration to occur, reestablish fibroblast control, and reduce fibrosis. This hypothesis was studied using organ cultures after lung injury was induced in vivo by exposing mice to 90% oxygen for 6 days to produce necrosis of Type 1 epithelium. When explants of this lung tissue were cultured, proliferation of cuboidal epithelial cells was reduced, whereas fibroblast growth and hydroxyproline (HYP) levels were significantly higher than in controls. In attempts to inhibit fibrosis, explants were also cultured in the presence of a proline analog, L-azetidine carboxylic acid (LACA). At concentrations that reduced fibroblast proliferation, epithelial repair was also inhibited. The explants appeared fibrotic, and reduced HYP/DNA was due to lower DNA synthesis. Using pure cell cultures, LACA reduced fibroblast but not epithelial growth, and also abolished the usual increase in epithelial cell proliferation that control cells show when exposed to fibroblast supernatants. These results provide further evidence of interdependence between epithelial cells and fibroblasts such that agents that inhibit fibroblast growth after lung injury either directly or indirectly retard regeneration of the overlying epithelium, and so fail to produce normal repair.
The impact of daily stress on health and mood: Psychological and social resources as mediators. (1988)

This study examined daily stress processes among 75 married couples across 20 assessments during a 6-month period. The somatic and psychological effects of common everyday hassles were investigated. Overall, there was a significant relationship between daily stress and the occurrence of both concurrent and subsequent health problems such as flu, sore throat, headaches, and backaches. The relationship of daily stress to mood disturbance was more complex. The negative effects of stress on mood were limited to a single day, with the following day characterized by mood scores that were better than usual. Furthermore, striking individual differences were found in the extent to which daily stress was associated with health and mood across time. Participants with unsupportive social relationships and low self-esteem were more likely to experience an increase in psychological and somatic problems both on and following stressful days than were participants high in self-esteem and social support. These data suggest that persons with low psychosocial resources are vulnerable to illness and mood disturbance when their stress levels increase, even if they generally have little stress in their lives.
Electrochemically Driven Three‐Phase Interlines into Insulator Compounds: Electroreduction of Solid SiO<sub>2</sub> in Molten CaCl<sub>2</sub> (2006)

The electrochemical reduction of solid SiO2 (quartz) to Si is studied in molten CaCl2 at 1173 K. Experimental observations are compared and agree well with a novel penetration model in relation with electrochemistry at the dynamic conductor|insulator|electrolyte three-phase interlines. The findings show that the reduction of a cylindrical quartz pellet at certain potentials is mainly determined by the diffusion of the O(2-) ions and also the ohmic polarisation in the reduction-generated porous silicon layer. The reduction rate increases with the overpotential to a maximum after which the process is retarded, most likely due to precipitation of CaO in the reaction region (cathodic passivation). Data are reported on the reduction rate, current efficiency and energy consumption during the electroreduction of quartz under potentiostatic conditions. These theoretical and experimental findings form the basis for an in-depth discussion on the optimisation of the electroreduction method for the production of silicon.
Islam and environmental conservation (2001)

Over thirty years ago a debate began as to whether religion in general, or the Judaeo-Christian faith in particular, were in some sense responsible for the present environmental predicament. Islam, as a major world religion which shares the same Abrahamic roots as the Judaeo-Christian tradition, has been largely absent from this debate. Most conservationists now believe that it is essential that there be comprehensive discussion not only of environmental policies, but also of the ethics underlying environmental protection. This paper looks at the importance of the environment in the main sources of Islamic instruction, namely the Koran and Prophet's Hadiths (teachings). These texts turn out to be on the side of conservation, the emphasis being on respect for creation, the protection of the natural order and avoidance of all wasteful activities which may cause injury to the environment. These positions are contrasted with views expressed by political Islam, which has become influential in a large part of the Muslim world and rejects the conservation measures advocated by Western writers.
Design of broadband polarization splitter based on partial coupling in square-lattice photonic-crystal fiber (2010)

We propose a design for a novel broadband polarization splitter based on an asymmetric dual-core square-lattice photonic-crystal fiber. The fiber is designed such that index-matched coupling between the two cores can be achieved for one polarization state, while only a part of the energy could be coupled for the other polarization state. Numerical results demonstrate that a device length of 5.9 mm shows extinction ratios as low as -20 dB with bandwidths as great as 101 nm.
Concept of Near-Field Millimeter-Wave Imaging System with a Spatial Resolution beyond the Abbe Barrier (2008)

A near-field millimeter-wave (mm-wave) imaging system with a spatial resolution of less than 0.5 lambda has been designed in the millimeter wave range for on-line inspection of nonmetallic (dielectric) materials. The imaging system consists of a transceiver block coupled to an antenna that scans the material to be imaged; a reflector plate is placed behind the material. As an antenna a diffractive optics with focus F < lambda is used. Such an antenna allow to focusing of millimeter-wave radiation beyond the Abbe barrier. A quadrature IF mixer in the transceiver block enables measurement of in-phase and quadrature-phase components of reflected signals with respect to the transmitted signal. The initial results show the feasibility of the near-field mm-wave sensor for nondestructive inspection of materials with sub-Rayleigh resolution. Using future optically dense modified Fresnel lenses, a resolution of the order lambda/100 seems to become possible.
positioning (2013)

The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management has been written by an international team of leading academics, practitioners and rising stars and contains almost 550 individually commissioned entri
A death round affecting a young compartmentalized mycelium precedes aerial mycelium dismantling in confluent surface cultures of Streptomyces antibioticus (2005)

Development-associated cell-death processes were investigated in detail during the growth and differentiation of Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 11891 on confluent surface cultures, by using fluorescent viability probes, membrane and activity fluorescence indicators, and electron microscopy analysis. A previously unsuspected complexity was revealed, namely the presence of a very young compartmentalized mycelium that dies following an orderly pattern, leaving alternating live and dead segments in the same hypha. This death round is followed by the growth of a second mycelium which develops rapidly from the live segments of the first mycelium and dies massively in a second death round, which extends over the phases of aerial mycelium formation and sporulation.
Relative rate constants for the reaction of ground-state oxygen atoms with partly fluorinated propylenes and butenes (1969)

The reactivity of ground-state oxygen atoms generated by mercury-sensitized decomposition of N2O has been investigated with olefins containing fluorine. Relative rate constants for the reaction with seven propylenes and butenes containing one to three fluorine atoms were measured by the competitive method at 23 ± 1 °C. The results are summarized below relative to a common reference olefin (ethylene): CH3CFCH2, 2.66 : CH2FCHCH2, 1.12 : CH3CHCF2, 2.4 : CF3CHCH2, 0.057 : CH2FCH2CHCH2, 3.30 : CF3(CH3)CCH2, 0.45 : CH3CH2CFCF2, 5.0. Replacement of hydrogen by fluorine at any position in the molecule decreased the reactivity of the olefin to O3P atoms. The variations in the relative rate constants are discussed in terms of the electron-withdrawing inductive effect and electron-donating mesomeric effect of the fluorine atom.
Nonrandom segregation of sister chromatids in Vicia faba and Triticum boeoticum. (1967)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Functional and anatomical organization of cardiovascular pressor and depressor sites in the lateral hypothalamic area. II. Ascending projections (1993)

Abstract Microinjections of L‐glutamate or D, L‐homocysteic acid were used to stimulate cell bodies in the region of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) selectively. Subsequent iontophoretic injections of Phaseolus vulgaris ‐leucoagglutinin or pressure injections of wheat germ agglutininhorseradish peroxidase were made into regions containing identified pressor and depressor sites and their connections with the forebrain and cerebral cortex were traced. The results indicate that decreases in blood pressure (10–45 mm Hg) and heart rate (20–70 bpm) could be elicited from tuberal (LHAt) and posterior (LHAp) sites in the LHA and that these regions have ascending projections to the insular cortex, the ventral forebrain including the septal‐diagonal band of Broca complex, the ventral palladium, substantia innominata, amygdala, and the lateral preoptic area. In contrast, increases in blood pressure (10–40 mm Hg) and heart rate (20–70 bpm) were elicited primarily from neurons located adjacent to the fornix in the perifornical area (PFA). Injections of tract tracers into this region produced terminal labeling that differed markedly from the pattern seen following injections of tracer into depressor sites in the LHA. In addition, the pattern of anterograde labeling seen following injections of tracer into the anterior PFA differed from that seen following injections of tracer into posterior PFA. Injections of tracer into the anterior PFA resulted in dense terminal labeling in the medial preoptic area and the parvicellular paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus whereas injections into the posterior PFA resulted in dense terminal labeling in the lateral septal nucleus, nucleus accumbens, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, as well as the medial preoptic area and the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. The results demonstrate that the posterolateral hypothalamus of the rat contains two regions with specific cardiovascular function and highly organized connections with diencephalic, forebrain, and cortical structures.
The radiation-enhanced “Slow” phase transition on the surface of vanadium dioxide (2010)

The surface conductivity of unmodified VO2 thermistor samples (T g = 338–340 K) and those modified with a polyethylene glycol phthalate (PEGP) film in a γ-radiation field was studied. Metal-type surface conduction in the PEGP-modified VO2 powder samples was detected in the gamma-irradiated area at an ambient temperature (292–299 K).
The nursing home medical director and quality care. (1975)

Years of experience show that improving nursing home care through the continuing supervision of physicians raises issues that are not easily resolved. Quality medical care is a must and the authors, an administrator and a physician, give specific examples for involvement by the medical director.
The use of two-coloured screens for catching <i>Glossina palpalis palpalis</i> (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Glossinidae) (1989)

Abstract Designs for insecticide-impregnated screens based on combinations of two different colours were evaluated for their attractiveness to Glossina palpalis palpalis (Robineau-Desvoidy) in the Ivory Coast. Screens were tested with flanking panels of mosquito netting (flanked screens) and without such panels (simple screens), using electric nets to catch flies contacting cloth of various colours or mosquito netting. No flanked screen caught more flies than an all-blue single-coloured screen; flanked screens without blue portions generally had lower catches than those with blue portions. The majority of flies was always caught over the netting panels rather than over the cloth screens, although the proportions varied for different colours. Among simple screens, one half pthalogen blue and half ultraviolet-reflecting white caught 2·4 times as many female flies as an all-blue screen and 3·6 times as many as an all-white (ultraviolet-reflecting) screen. The basis for this synergistic effect is that blue attracts flies strongly to a position near the target (e.g. circling), while the white induces landing responses; in the blue-and-white simple screens, 77% of all tsetse landed on the white surface. Several other colour combinations in simple screens gave similar results to the blue-and-white screen for females flies, for example black-and-white, and one of the blue-and-light-blue combinations. For males, the best combination for simple screens was blue and black. In tests of different configurations of blue and ultraviolet-white on simple screens, most flies were caught using a diagonally-divided screen, the lower triangular portion being white and the upper one blue.