gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Damage detection of civil infrastructures with piezoelectric oscillator sensors (2006)

Many researches have been reported on the condition monitoring of civil infrastructures by means of piezoelectric sensors. Most of them made use of the impedance change of the piezoelectric device in relation to the creation of internal damages to the structure. The impedance measurement is a well accepted method in the piezoelectric sensor area, and has been proved by many authors to be useful for civil structure diagnosis. However, the impedance measurement normally requires sophisticated equipment and analysis technology. For more general and wide application of the piezoelectric diagnosis tool, a new methodology is desired to overcome the limitations of the impedance measurement. This paper presents the feasibility of a piezoelectric oscillator sensor to detect the damages in civil infrastructures. The oscillator sensor is composed of an electronic feedback oscillator circuit and a piezoelectric thickness mode vibrator to be attached to the structure of interest. Damage to the structure causes a change in the impedance spectrum of the structure, which results in a corresponding change of the resonant frequency of the structure. The oscillator sensors can instantly detect the frequency change in a very simple manner. Feasibility of the piezoelectric oscillator sensor was verified in this work with a sample aluminum plate where artificial cracks of different depth were imposed in sequence. Validity of the measurement was confirmed through comparison of the experimental data with the results of finite element analyses of the plate with cracks. Performance of the oscillator sensor was also compared with that of its conventional counterpart, i.e. impedance measurement, to manifest the superiority of the oscillator sensor.
The Weather Conditions for Desired Smoke Plumes at a FASMEE Burn Site (2018)

Weather is an important factor that determines smoke development, which is essential information for planning smoke field measurements. This study identifies the synoptic systems that would favor to produce the desired smoke plumes for the Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment (FASMEE). Daysmoke and PB-Piedmont (PB-P) models are used to simulate smoke plume evolution during the day time and smoke drainage and fog formation during the nighttime for hypothetical prescribed burns on 5–8 February 2011 at the Stewart Army Base in the southeastern United States. Daysmoke simulation is evaluated using the measured smoke plume heights of two historical prescribed burns at the Eglin Air Force Base. The simulation results of the hypothetical prescribed burns show that the smoke plume is not fully developed with low plume height during the daytime on 5 February when the burn site is under the warm, moist, and windy conditions connected to a shallow cyclonic system and a cold front. However, smoke drainage and fog are formed during the nighttime. Well-developed smoke plumes, which rise mainly vertically, extend to a majority portion of the planetary boundary layer, and have steady clear boundaries, appear on both 6 and 7 February when the air is cool but dry and calm during a transition between two low-pressure systems. The plume rises higher on the second day, mainly due to lighter winds. The smoke on 8 February shows a loose structure of large horizontal dispersion and low height after passage of a deep low-pressure system with strong cool and dry winds. Smoke drainage and fog formation are rare for the nights during 5–8 February. It is concluded that prescribed burns conducted during a period between two low-pressure systems would likely generate the desired plumes for FASMEE measurement during daytime. Meanwhile, as the fire smolders into the night, the burns would likely lead to fog formation when the burn site is located in the warm and moist section of a low-pressure system or a cold front.
Electron-beam-induced deposition of copper compound with low resistivity (1996)

Electron-beam-induced deposition of copper was performed using hexafluoro-acetyoacetonate copper vinyl-trimethy-silane (HFA⋅Cu⋅VTMS) gas. The deposition was demonstrated by using a 30 keV environmental scanning electron microscope and a 50 keV electron beam lithography system in an atmosphere of precursor gas: HFA⋅Cu⋅VTMS. The deposition rate, composition, and electrical resistivity of the deposited material were measured. The deposition rate was 6.6 nm/(C/cm2) at a pressure of 160 Pa. The resistivity was 3.6 μΩ cm at room temperature deposited at a pressure of 6.7×10−4 Pa. The resistivity is the lowest so far reported.
Growth Factor‐Dependent Proliferation of the Pancreatic β‐cell Line βTC‐tet: An Assay for β‐cell Mitogenic Factors (2001)

The ability to expand normal pancreatic islet beta cells in culture would significantly advance the prospects of cell therapy for diabetes. A number of growth factors can stimulate limited islet cell replication, however other factors may exist which are more effective beta-cell-specific mitogens. The search for novel beta-cell growth factors has been hampered by the lack of a beta-cell-specific proliferation assay. We developed a simple and sensitive assay for beta-cell growth factors based on a conditionally-transformed mouse beta-cell line (betaTC-tet). These cells express the SV40 T antigen (Tag) oncoprotein under control of the tetracycline (Tc) operon regulatory system. In the presence of Tc, Tag expression is tightly shut off and the cells undergo complete growth arrest. Here we show that the growth-arrested cells can proliferate in response to growth factors in the absence of Tag. Using this assay, a number of growth factors previously shown to be mitogenic to a mixed islet cell population were found to induce proliferation of pure beta cells. We conclude that growth-arrested betaTC-tet cells can be employed in a survey of factors from various sources for identifying novel factors with beta-cell mitogenic activity.
Depolarization of Linearly Polarized EM Waves Backscattered from Rough Metals and Inhomogeneous Dielectrics* (1967)

The depolarization of linearly polarized light from a 0.6328 μ He–Ne laser backscattered from rough metallic surfaces and inhomogeneous dielectrics with known statistical properties has been measured. For the case where the wavelength λ is smaller than the rms height h and the scale size l of the metallic surfaces, or λ is smaller than the average size of the particles in the dielectrics, the results indicate that the backscattered depolarized component is caused only by multiple scattering. The polarized backscattered component arises from both single- and multiple-scattering processes. At normal incidence, the ratio of the depolarized-to-total backscattered power, D/T, is of the order of 10−3 and 10−2 for metals of characteristic slope h/l=0.1 and 0.14, respectively. This is at variance with predictions based on single-scatter theory that at normal incidence D/T should be zero for metals. As the angle of incidence ψ increases and the beam approaches grazing incidence, D/T rapidly approaches a value near unity and becomes relatively insensitive to the surface slope, h/l. For inhomogeneous dielectrics, D/T is the order of unity for 0≤ψ≤88°. The dependence of the normalized depolarized component, D(ψ)/D(0), on ψ satisfies the empirical law [D(ψ)/D(0)]=cosmψ, where m<1 for metals and m≃1 for inhomogeneous dielectrics.
Magnetic properties of Fe+-implanted silica films after post-implantation annealing (2000)

Magnetic properties of Fe-implanted silica films after different annealing processes were studied. The magnetization of the samples annealed at Ta⩽600 °C was very weak, and hard to saturate due to the superparamagnetic effect. At Ta=800 °C, the saturation magnetization increased significantly, but still much lower than that of bulk Fe. The coercivity of the films, either as-implanted or annealed, was much higher than that of bulk Fe. No evident magnetic domain structure can be observed for the as-implanted and 600 °C annealed samples, which implied that the magnetic particles at lower temperatures were small and deeply embedded in the film. During the annealing process at 800 °C, the implanted Fe atoms gradually diffused outward with the formation of islands on the film surface. These islands were demonstrated to be ferromagnetic. At the initial stage of annealing (ta⩽1 h), all the islands were of a single-domain magnetic structure. Besides these islands, some embedded magnetic particles could also be detected. When the annealing time was prolonged to 2 h, double-domain or multidomain magnetic structures could be observed in some larger islands, and no detectable magnetic particles remained in the films.
Sperm membrane protein profiles of fertile and infertile men: identification and characterization of fertility-associated sperm antigen (2004)

The results suggest that lack and/or low expression of 57 kDa protein may be one of the reasons for infertility in men. Therefore, the protein could be used as a marker for sperm quality in men.
Age-Related Association of Tail Tendon Break Time With Tissue Pentosidine in DBA/2 vs C57BL/6 Mice: The Effect of Dietary Restriction (1997)

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the development of a panel of biomarkers useful in the evaluation of interventions on aging processes. An ideal marker should change with age, be related to species longevity, and respond to the effects of dietary restriction, which is the only intervention currently known to increase species longevity. In the present study; we compared parameters of collagen aging (i.e., tail tendon break time [TBT] and the glycoxidation product pentosidine) in tendon, ear, and skin of two species of rodents with different life spans: the shorter-lived DBA/2 versus the longer-lived C57BL/6 mouse strain. Both TBT and tissue pentosidine significantly increased with age in both strains of mice. The rate of increase for TBT And pentosidine occurred faster for the DBA/2 compared with the C57BL/6 strain. Dietary restriction significantly inhibited the age-related increase of TBT and pentosidine formation rte in DBA/2 mice. In C57BL/6 mice, the age-related increase of TBT was significantly inhibited by dietary restriction. However, except for tendon at 24 months, pentosidine level was not affected by dietary restriction. These studies show that the rate of collagen aging, as reflected by TBT and glycoxidation, increases proportionally with age, and that these rate increases are related to longevity in two strains of mice. Pentosidine can be monitored with age just as well in a piece of easily accessible ear tissue as in skin or tendon. Thus, pentosidine is expected to be a useful and easily measurable noninvasive marker in future intervention studies on aging.
Corneal changes induced by laser ablation: study of the visual-quality evolution by a customized eye model (2006)

This study focuses on the changes induced in both the asphericity and homogeneity of the cornea for a group of myopic eyes undergoing LASIK surgery. Eyes were characterized by a Kooijman-based customized eye model in which changes were introduced in the form of Gaussian-distributed refractive-index variations of given correlation length for the inhomogeneities and in the form of an expression, based on the modified Munnerlyn's paraxial formula, for the post-LASIK asphericity. Visual quality was evaluated in terms of the Modulation Transfer Function and the Point-Spread Function. The results show that, on average, the evolution of visual acuity is consistent with the change in corneal asphericity, while the evolution of contrast sensitivity requires a loss in corneal homogeneity in order to be explained. By including both effects in the model, the overall model performance in predicting visual quality is improved.
FIDOE: A Framework for Intelligent Distributed Ontologies in Engineering (2008)

This paper presents FIDOE, a Framework for Intelligent Distributed Ontologies in Engineering. FIDOE consists of a suite of logic rules and templates for interactively developing relationships between properties of linked ontologies. The logical rules embedded in FIDOE automatically operate on various discipline-specific ontologies to systematically identify influences, direct and indirect, of proposed design modifications on other aspects of the design through common domain concepts. Once potential influences are identified, FIDOE enables the user to precisely define the domain relationships, using predefined templates, between the identified domain concepts that enumerate influence types. This tool, thus, provides a pervasive, real time awareness of the implications of design changes during the design process in a distributed environment. The application of FIDOE to distributed and multidisciplinary design problems is detailed with the aid of an industry-provided printed circuit board (PCB) design. Here, commonalities among indirectly connected domain ontologies (electrical, mechanical and thermal domains) are identified using the developed query method and subsequent relationships are defined. These relationships are then applied to provide a collaborative understanding and awareness of the distributed process, all while demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach. This awareness was successfully able to address some previously identified industry concerns, returning promising results while laying a solid foundation for future work.
A new general regiocontrolled synthesis of anthracyclinones using cycloaddition of homophthalic anhydrides to 2-chloro-6-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,4-naphthoquinone 1,2-ethanediyl acetal (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new general regiocontrolled synthesis of anthracyclinones using cycloaddition of homophthalic anhydrides to 2-chloro-6-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,4-naphthoquinone 1,2-ethanediyl acetalYasumitsu Tamura, Akimori Wada, Manabu Sasho, Keiko Fukunaga, Hatsuo Maeda, and Yasuyuki KitaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 22, 4376–4378Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00143a052https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00143a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Role of L3T4+ and 38+ T-cell subsets in resistance against infection with Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue in hamsters (1991)

The protective immunity conferred by T-cell subsets against infection with Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue was studied. We demonstrated that hamster T cells can be separated into two subsets by monoclonal antibody (MAb) GK 1.5 (anti-L3T4) and MAb 38. Eighty-five percent of hamster thymocytes were L3T4+ and 87% were 38+ cells; 84% were dual positive for MAbs anti-L3T4 and 38. In the peripheral lymph nodes, however, the L3T4+ and 38+ T cells were mutually exclusive according to two-color immunofluorescence analysis. The two T-cell subsets were found to be functionally distinct according to their secretion of interleukin 2 (IL-2) when stimulated with concanavalin A. The L3T4+ cells secreted IL-2 and had characteristics of T helper cells, while the 38+ cells did not secrete IL-2 and appeared to be T cytotoxic-suppressor cells. Transfer of 4 x 10(6) helper or cytotoxic-suppressor T lymphocytes from T. pallidum subsp. pertenue-immune hamsters protected irradiated naive hamsters against challenge with this subspecies. IL-2 production could still be detected in the irradiated recipients 12 days after irradiation of naive recipients, although at a low level. This suggests that the remaining lymph node cells could support the survival and expansion of the infused cytotoxic-suppressor T cells. No accumulation of macrophages was observed in regional lymph nodes of immune T-cell recipients within 10 days of infection. Instead, there was an influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in all animals injected with T. pallidum subsp. pertenue. This report demonstrates that hamster T cells can be separated into two phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets and that both T-cell subsets confer protection against challenge with T. pallidum subsp. pertenue.
Chirality Codes and Molecular Structure (2004)

Some time ago a structure-descriptor, named "chirality code", was put forward [J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 2001, 41, 369-375], aimed at distinguishing between enantiomers. The chirality code is a sequence of (typically 100) numbers, being equal to the value of a certain "chirality function" at equidistant points within a chosen interval. For molecules of moderate size the chirality function has thousands of peaks (maxima and minima), one for each quartet of atoms. Therefore it looks as if the chirality code cannot provide a faithful representation of the chirality function and thus a faithful representation of the molecular structure. We now show that functional groups present in the molecule result in clusters of near-lying and partially overlapping peaks, whose position in the chirality code is characteristic for the particular functional group. This enables a sound structural interpretation of the chirality code.
<i>Bacteroides gingivalis-specific</i>serum IgG and IgA subclass antibodies in periodontal diseases (1990)

The level of serum IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies including IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1 and IgA2 subclass-specific antibodies to Bacteroides (Porphyromonas) gingivalis fimbriae and to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were analysed in patients with different forms of periodontal disease (PD) and control subjects by ELISA. Among PD subjects, sera obtained from adult periodontitis (AP), rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP) and gingivitis contained high titres of fimbriae-specific IgG antibodies (7500-15,000 ELISA units) followed by IgA (90-700 units) and IgM (30-90 units). In contrast, sera from localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) subjects exhibited much lower titres of fimbriae-specific IgG (89 +/- 11 units), IgA (31 +/- 5 units) and IgM (17 +/- 3 units) antibodies. A similar response pattern was also seen in sera from normal subjects aged 35-41 years who practice normal oral hygiene, while sera of younger adults (aged 18-24) with superior hygiene did not have any antigen-specific antibodies. Analysis of IgG subclass anti-fimbriae responses revealed that the major response was IgG3 followed by IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4 in AP, RPP and gingivitis. Although lower, a similar pattern of IgG subclass titre was seen in LJP and normal subjects aged 35-41 years. When IgA subclass responses were measured in AP and RPP, higher titres of the fimbriae-specific response were noted with IgA1 when compared with IgA2. However, lower but approximately equal levels of fimbriae-specific IgA1 and IgA2 titres were seen in other PD groups. When anti-B. gingivalis LPS-specific responses were measured, the sera of AP patients contained high levels of IgG antibodies (2265 +/- 224 units) followed by IgA (411 +/- 90 units) and IgM (214 +/- 56 units). Further, IgG anti-LPS responses were mainly IgG2 followed by IgG4, IgG3 and IgG1. For IgA subclass responses, higher titres of anti-LPS-specific antibodies were noted in IgA2 subclass over IgA1. These results showed that higher anti-B. gingivalis antibody responses occur in PD when compared with healthy individuals and protein and lipid-carbohydrate antigens of B. gingivalis induce distinct patterns of antigen-specific IgG and IgA subclass responses.
Effects of Activation and Acceleration on Magnetic Properties of Chemically Deposited Co‐P Thin Films (1981)

The effects of pretreatment (i.e., activation and acceleration) and substrate species on the magnetic properties of Co‐P electrolessly plated thin films for high density storage medium were investigated with various catalysts and accelerators. The activity of surfaces to be plated controlled the magnetic properties of Co‐P thin films, and the coercivity became lower with increase in the catalytic activity of surfaces. The magnetic properties of Co‐P films were also affected by the substrate species and were controlled by grain size of substrate surfaces, but the larger surface roughness which was produced by emery papers did not affect the magnetic properties. The Co‐P thin film on acetylcellulose whose coercivity was the highest in the experiments was investigated with transmission electron diffraction analysis. The pretreatment for electroless plating was observed to influence not only the distribution of crystallite grain sizes but also the orientation of the c‐axis of the hexagonal α‐cobalt lattice plated onto acetylcellulose.
The Frequency of Uniparental Disomy in Prader-Willi Syndrome (1992)

In about 20 percent of all cases, Prader-Willi syndrome results from the inheritance of both copies of chromosome 15 from the mother (maternal uniparental disomy). With the combined use of cytogenetic and molecular techniques, the genetic basis of Prader-Willi syndrome can be identified in up to 95 percent of patients.
Laser propulsion using free electron lasers (1990)

Quasisteady plasmas have been initiated and sustained in argon at pressures from one to three atmospheres using power absorbed from a 10.6-f«n wavelength laser beam produced by the RF linac free electron laser at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The pulse format of the RF linac laser consisted of an 80-jts-long burst of 10 ps pulses separated by 46 ns, with an average power of approximately 3.75 kW. Time-resolved spectroscopic observations revealed no decay of the plasma during the 46 ns inter pulse time. Analysis of the spectroscopic data using Boltzmann factors, ion-neutral intensity ratios, and absolute emission coefficients gave values of the plasma temperature that varied from 17,500 K to 20,000 K during the 80-/Lts pulse. Attempts to obtain optical breakdown in nitrogen and hydrogen proved unsuccessful, even at optical intensities ten times the observed threshold for argon.
Synthesis of superhydrophobic polymer/tungsten (VI) oxide nanocomposite thin films (2016)

A method is presented to enable the preparation of superhydrophobic polymer/tungsten (VI) oxide (WO 3 ) nanocomposite coatings on glass substrates. WO 3 nanoparticles were incorporated via the swell-encapsulation-shrink method into superhydrophobic silicone polymer films deposited on glass via aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) to produce the novel nanocomposite films. The technique overcomes the limitations of previous methods for nanoparticle incorporation to provide a synthetic route to previously unattainable materials. The nanocomposite films retain the properties of the superhydrophobic polymer while the presence of the nanoparticles is clearly evident. As such, the films have a range of potential applications including high surface area photocatalysis and self-cleaning photochromic or electrochromic coatings. The two-stage synthesis is shown to be flexible and suggests great scope for producing any number of future novel materials. The thin films were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and water droplet contact angle measurements.