gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of fervenulin 4-oxide and its conversion to the antibiotics fervenulin and 2-methylfervenulone (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of fervenulin 4-oxide and its conversion to the antibiotics fervenulin and 2-methylfervenuloneMisuzu Ichiba, Sadao Nishigaki, and Keitaro SengaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 3, 469–472Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00397a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00397a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Smart Charging for Electric Vehicle Aggregators Considering Users’ Preferences (2018)

Most of the road transportations currently depend on fossil fuels, which results in significant environmental and health issues. This is being addressed with the deployment of electric vehicles (EVs). However, a massive penetration will lead to new technical and economic challenges for power systems. This paper proposes a novel way to account for the effect of this new load and to minimize the negative impacts by providing new tools for the agent responsible of managing the EV charge in some area (EV aggregator). The proposed method allows EV charging at the lowest cost while complying with technical constraints required by distribution system operator and transmission system operator. Moreover, EV users are able to choose among different customer choice products that meet their needs in terms of charging time. A case study in the city of Quito, Ecuador, is analyzed in this paper, where the advantages of the proposed coordinated charging method are quantified. The model presents cost benefits compared to uncoordinated charging while complying with technical constraints. In addition, the savings using the presented model are at least 5% higher than uncoordinated charging and can reach more than 50% at best.
A Practical Guide to Neural Nets (1991)

List of Illustrations. Acknowledgments. Preface. 1. What Can You Do with a Neural Network? Introduction. Existing Applications. Prototype and Research Activity. List of Possible Applications. Summary. 2. Next Question: What and Why? What Is a Neural Network? Why Neural Networks Now? Summary. 3. A Brief History of Neural Networks. Conception. Gestation. Birth. Early Infancy. Stunted Growth. Late Infancy. Who Are the Key Players? Summary. 4. How Do Neural Networks Work? Anthropomorphism: The Biological Metaphor. The Basic Components. Summary. 5. What Are Neural Networks Like? Mathematical Basis. Inherent Parallelism. Storing Knowledge. Fault Tolerance. Adaptability. Pattern Recognition. Appropriate Tasks. Types of Problems Addressed. Limitations and Concerns. Other Concerns. Summary. 6. How Do Neural Networks Relate to Other Technologies? Statistical Methods. Artificial Intelligence. Whole Brain Approach. Hybrid Technologies. Summary: A Maturation. 7. How Many Ways Can You Organize a Neural Network? Neurodynamics. Architecture. What Are Some of the Neural Network Paradigms? Summary. 8. How Do Neural Networks Learn? The Basic Learning Mechanism. Learning Modes. Learning Laws. Architecture and Learning Paradigms. Research Areas. Summary. 9. How Do You Move from Theory to Applications? Getting Started: One Approach. Preparing the Network Data. Five Network Applications on a PC. Comparing Network Applications. Back Propagation Mathematics: How to Computer a Neural Network Manually. Implementing Your Network. Summary and Recommendations. 10. How Are Neural Networks Being Implemented? Introduction. Terminology. Software Simulations. Emulation within Parallel Architecture. Neurocomputers. Networks on a Chip. Optical Neural Networks. Biological Computers. Synergistic Efforts. Summary. 11. What Is the Current Research? Introduction. Issues and Problems. Emerging Directions. Summary. 12. Where Do We Go from Here? Introduction. Are Neural Networks Intelligent? Why Use Neural Nets? New Horizons. Concerns. Summary and Opinions. Afterword. Appendix A. Your Interactive Neural Network Disk. Appendix B. Bibliography and Reading List. Appendix C. Selected Mathematics. Appendix D. Simulation of a Processing Element on Lotus 1-2-3. Index. 0201633787T04062001
THE HIERARCHY OF SUPPLY CHAIN METRICS (2004)

SUBTITLE: MEASUREMENT IS THE CORNERSTONE OF OPERATIONAL SUCCESS. BUT FOR MANY MANAGERS, MEASURING SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE IS DIFFICULT BECAUSE THERE ARE SO MANY METRICS AVAILABLE AND SO LITTLE GUIDANCE ON HOW BEST TO USE THEM. NEW RESEARCH POINTS TO A THREE-TIERED HIERARCHY THAT ENABLES MANAGERS TO CUT THROUGH THIS MAZE OF METRICS. UNDER THIS APPROACH, MANAGERS QUICKLY ASSESS OVERALL SUPPLY CHAIN HEALTH AT THE TOP TIER, DIAGNOSE PROBLEMS AT THE MID TIER, AND IDENTIFY CORRECTIVE ACTIONS AT THE GROUND LEVEL.
[Splanchnic circulation after distal splenorenal anastomosis in hepatic cirrhosis]. (1999)

While the result estimation of the distal splenorenal anastomosis formation operation, done in 12 patients according to the W. D. Warren method and in another 12 patients--according to the method, modified by K. Inokuchi, it was established that the hepatic portal perfusion loss causes compensational enhancement of blood flow in a. hepatica, including while the standard method application--by 22% and the modified one--by 8%. Doing the splenorenal venous disconnection improves the patients' quality of life due to the incidence rate of portosystemic encephalopathy reduction by 8.3%, and in this circumstances the life span and the hemorrhage recurrency rate do not differ with such while using the standard method.
Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic properties of CdS nanoparticles dotted on the surface of carbon nanotubes (2008)

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles dotted on the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been synthesized by the polyol method. The as-prepared materials were characterized by x-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption analysis. The results indicate that CdS nanoparticles with diameter of 5-8 nm are thickly and uniformly coated on the surface of the MWCNTs. The photodegradation of azo dye using these materials was evaluated by the degradation of Brilliant Red X-3B under visible light. The coated nanotubes show higher photocatalytic activity than both CdS alone and a CdS/activated carbon sample; in addition, there is an optimum content of MWCNTs. The presence of MWCNTs can also hamper the photocorrosion of CdS. The mechanism for the enhancement of MWCNTs on the adsorption and photocatalytic property of CdS is investigated for the first time.
Temporal variation in antibiotic environments slows down resistance evolution in pathogenic <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2015)

Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern to public health. New treatment strategies may alleviate the situation by slowing down the evolution of resistance. Here, we evaluated sequential treatment protocols using two fully independent laboratory-controlled evolution experiments with the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 and two pairs of clinically relevant antibiotics (doripenem/ciprofloxacin and cefsulodin/gentamicin). Our results consistently show that the sequential application of two antibiotics decelerates resistance evolution relative to monotherapy. Sequential treatment enhanced population extinction although we applied antibiotics at sublethal dosage. In both experiments, we identified an order effect of the antibiotics used in the sequential protocol, leading to significant variation in the long-term efficacy of the tested protocols. These variations appear to be caused by asymmetric evolutionary constraints, whereby adaptation to one drug slowed down adaptation to the other drug, but not vice versa. An understanding of such asymmetric constraints may help future development of evolutionary robust treatments against infectious disease.
A Catastrophe-based Parallel Genetic Algorithm (2001)

Often exist the high communication costs requested in the processes of parallelization of GA because of the migration between the sub-populations, and also the migration operator would destroy the island's characteristic so that the problem of homogeneity between the sub-populations may occur in the convergence phase. Considering the above deficiency, this paper presents a multi-population processing method. Some of new or good genetic materials are created by catastrophe rather than based on the migration .The genetic mechanism of the population is partly dominated by a model called cusp-catastrophe. The catastrophe condition is investigated and applied in the approach. The simulation results show the effectiveness of this approach.
Functional neuromuscular stimulation controlled by surface electromyographic signals produced by volitional activation of the same muscle: adaptive removal of the muscle response from the recorded EMG-signal (1997)

In order to use the volitional electromyography (EMG) as a control signal for the stimulation of the same muscle, it is necessary to eliminate the stimulation artifacts and the muscle responses caused by the stimulation. The stimulation artifacts, caused by the electric field in skin and tissue generated by the stimulation current, are relatively easy to eliminate by shutting down the EMG-amplifier at the onset of the stimulation pulses. The muscle response is a nonstationary signal, therefore, an adaptive linear prediction filter is proposed. The filter is implemented and for three filter lengths tested on both simulated and real data. The filter performance is compared with a conventional fixed comb filter. The simulations indicate that the adaptive filter is relatively insensitive to variations in amplitude of the muscle responses, and for all filter lengths produces a good filtering. For variations in shape of the muscle responses and for real data, an increased filter performance can be achieved by increasing the filter length. Using a filter length of up to seven stimulation periods, it is possible to reduce real muscle responses to a level comparable with the background noise. Using the shut-down circuit and the adaptive filter both the stimulation artifacts and the muscle responses can be effectively eliminated from the EMG signal from a stimulated muscle. It is therefore possible to extract the volitional EMG from a partly paralyzed muscle and use it for controlling the stimulation of the same muscle.
Forward multiple scattering corrections as a function of detector field of view (1983)

Theoretical formulations are given for an approximate method based on the solution of the radiative transfer equation in the small angle approximation. The method is approximate in the sense that an approximation is made in addition to the small angle approximation. Numerical results were obtained for multiple scattering effects as functions of the detector field of view as well as the size of the detector's aperture for three different values of the optical depth τ (= 1.0, 4.0, and 10.0). Three cases of aperture size were considered, namely, equal to, smaller, or larger than the laser beam diameter. The contrast between the on-axis intensity and the received power for the last three cases is clearly evident.
The multi-layer VPN management architecture (2003)

This paper proposes management architecture of a multi-layer virtual private network over the broadband network that will play an important role at the initial stages of the broadband era. To provide flexible management capabilities with the administrator of the VPN, we adopt a layering concept and abstraction mechanism to give a simple view of the real connection at service management level. The multilayer VPN management architecture we propose includes the concept of customer network management for a subscriber's control of their own VPN, and the information/computational model of VPN with emphasis on the layering concept based on ITU-T G.803 and G.805. In addition, some advanced multi-layer VPN features and a generic bearer connectivity model are presented. We also outline our early experiences with the implementations of the proposed VPN management architecture based on the common object request broker architecture and Web technologies.
Multivariate generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction to detect gene-gene interactions (2013)

In this study, we have developed multivariate GMDR method using GEE approach. It is useful to use multivariate GMDR with correlated multiple phenotypes of interests.
Attentional deficits in delirium: a systematic investigation (2009)

Objective: Delirium is an acute onset syndrome characterised by disturbances of consciousness, attention, cognition and perception (O’Malley, Leonard, Meagher and O’Keefe, 2008). Previous studies have examined the risk factors and aetiology connected with delirium but research to date has failed to systematically investigate attentional deficits presented in patients with delirium. The aim of the present study was to investigate the attentional deficits in delirium and compare with Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) and cognitively unimpaired participants. Methods: Cognitive and attentional deficits were investigated in three groups from acute medical and surgical wards at the Royal Infirmary Hospital, Edinburgh and a memory clinic at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Edinburgh. Cognitive and delirium test batteries in addition to a pioneering vigilance box task were administered to 57 patients over 65 years. Results: Non-parametric data was examined using Kruskal-Wallis tests and further Man-Whitney U tests were carried out to test group differences. The delirium group showed significant attentional deficits compared with the AD and unimpaired control groups on all vigilance tasks. Furthermore, there were no significant differences found between the AD and unimpaired control groups across vigilance tasks. In addition, it appeared that as severity of delirium worsened the attentional deficits increased. Conclusions: It is concluded that attentional deficits are indeed worse in delirium than in AD, however further research is required to establish the specificity of these deficits.
Dietary fatty acids and immune reactions in synovial tissue. (2003)

Inflammation of the synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis is mediated by specialized cells necessary for immune response. The most prominent features are the accumulation of mononuclear phagocytes, lymphocytes and leukocytes in the proliferating tissue. Pro-inflammatory and proliferative signals are transmitted to the bone marrow and to the synovial membrane. The result is a monoclonal stimulation of specific cell lines, and synovial proliferation in the inflamed joint. Angiogenesis, synovial hypertrophy, and increased perfusion facilitate the accumulation of inflammatory cells. Components of the autoimmune reaction are described in the international system of classification, the CD-System (cluster of differentiation). Pro-inflammatory signals are mediated by metabolites of arachidonic acid. Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, lipoxines and hydroxy fatty acids, derived from this PUFA, stimulate the formation and the activity of adhesion molecules (integrines), cytokines (gamma-interferon, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor-necrosis factor), chemokines (interleukine-8, macrophage-chemotactic peptide, RANTES and colony -stimulating factors ((CSF, granulocytes/ monocytes-CSF, Multi-CSF (= IL-3)). Dietary means to mitigate inflammation comprise reduction of arachidonic acid, and increased intake of eicosapentaenoic acid and antioxidants. In the literature 12 randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind studies, fulfilling GCP-criteria, demonstrate a moderate but consistent improvement of clinical findings and laboratory parameters in patients with RA. A dose-response relationship was established up to an daily dose of 2.6 gram fish oil, equivalent to about 1.6 gram EPA. In these experiments EPA was the omega-3 fatty acid responsible for improvement, with distinct effects on inhibition of cytokines formation (IL-1 to IL-6, IL-8, TFN-alpha, GM-CSF), decreased induction of proinflammatory adhesion molecules (selectines, intercellular adhesions molecule-1 (ICAM-1)), and degrading enzymes (e.g. phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible NO-synthetase). Only one study reports the relevance of the background diet. From this study it became apparent that reduction of dietary arachidonic acid improves the incorporation and the clinical benefit of EPA.
Vaccination of dogs against <i>Babesia canis</i> infection using parasite antigens from in vitro culture (1992)

Groups of five dogs were vaccinated with different Babesia canis vaccine formulations. It appeared that partial protection against challenge infection was obtained when using parasite antigens from in vitro culture in combination with saponin. Protection was evident as a decrease in parasitaemia after challenge and was associated with the presence of serum antibodies against Babesia parasites. In addition, parasite antigen derived from in vitro culture supernatant exhibited more protective activity than somatic parasite antigen, in that a less marked fall of haematocrit values was found after challenge infection. The fall of haematocrit value observed in the animals immunized with somatic parasite antigen was not different from that observed in the adjuvant control group.
Serum levels of soluble IL‐2R, CD4 and CD8 in bronChial asthma (1995)

The aim of the present study was to compare serum levels of soluble forms of interleukin-2 receptor, CD4 and CD8, released by lymphocytes during activation of the immune system, in patients with allergic bronchial asthma, with those in healthy subjects. Significantly higher levels of soluble IL-2R and soluble CD4 were found in patients with asthma compared with the control group. In contrast, lower levels of soluble CD8 values were found in patients with asthma compared to the control group. Significant correlations were found for both sIL-2R and sCD4 and these two molecules, with lung function measured as bronchial responsiveness to inhaled methacholine. These results strengthen previous suggestions that in allergic bronchial asthma, activation of T cells plays a significant role in the disease pathogenesis.
The effects of IL‐1 receptor antagonist on beta amyloid mediated depression of LTP in the rat CA1 in vivo (2008)

Beta-amyloid (Abeta) is a neuro-peptide implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abeta-peptide is known to disrupt cellular processes, including synaptic plasticity. To date, the precise mechanisms leading to the Abeta-mediated impairment of normal neurophysiological function still remains elusive. A rise in the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1-beta (IL-1beta) has been previously reported, following Abeta peptide insult. IL-1beta in turn, activates a cascade of pro-apoptotic markers, gradually leading to cell death. In this work, we have investigated the possible protective effects of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) on the effects of Abeta-peptide on long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus in vivo. We observed a significant depression of LTP in the group of animals that received intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of Abeta-peptide (1-40) compared with control animals injected with vehicle. Administration of IL-1ra alone (icv) also resulted in a depression of LTP; however, there was no change in the baseline synaptic response. Combined injection of Abeta(1-40) + IL-1ra caused an attenuation of the effects observed with Abeta(1-40) alone for a period of up to 15 min following LTP induction; rescuing post-tetanicpotentiation (PTP). Gradually however, EPSP-values declined to produce a level of LTP similar to that observed following treatment with Abeta(1-40) alone. These results suggest that the acute Abeta-mediated impairment of PTP and LTP may be partial as a result of activation of an inflammatory response and the release of IL-1beta. The attenuation of plasticity by IL-1ra alone supports the theory that low levels of IL-1beta are required for normal synaptic plasticity. The limited rescue of the Abeta-mediated effects on LTP, in the presence of IL-1ra, may represent the short half life found with this receptor antagonist in vivo.
Microcontroller-based underwater acoustic ECG telemetry system (1997)

This paper presents a microcontroller-based underwater acoustic telemetry system for digital transmission of the electrocardiogram (ECG). The system is designed for the real time, through-water transmission of data representing any parameter, and it was used initially for transmitting in multiplexed format the heart rate, breathing rate and depth of a diver using self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA). Here, it is used to monitor cardiovascular reflexes during diving and swimming. The programmable capability of the system provides an effective solution to the problem of transmitting data in the presence of multipath interference. An important feature of the paper is a comparative performance analysis of two encoding methods, Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) and Pulse Position Modulation (PPM).
Relation of cardiac complications to SGOT level in acute myocardial infarction. (1972)

The incidence of each of the commoner cardiac complications of acute myocardial infarction was correlated with the serum aspartic aminotransferase (SGOT) level in cases treated in a coronary care unit. There was a highly significant linear correlation between SGOT level and the incidence of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, complete heart block, bundle-branch block, myocardial insufficiency, and secondary cardiac arrest. Increasing SGOT levels were accompanied by an increasing incidence of each of these complications except sinus bradycardia, whose incidence decreased. The distribution of primary cardiac arrest was independent of the SGOT level.
Identification and Control of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in a Power Plant (2010)

Abstract Several pinhole leaks were found in cooling water piping at a power plant. This finding led to an investigation to identify the root cause of the problem and its correlation with Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC). A corrective action plan was implemented to improve the overall corrosion and biofouling control in the cooling water treatment program.