gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyrolytic Gasification of Polyethylene by Partial Combustion in Porous Alumina Fluidized Bed. (1998)

廃プラスチックの再資源化を目指した基礎研究として, 内径57.5mm, 高さ600mmの多孔質アルミナ流動層を用いて, 部分燃焼によるポリエチレン粒子 (HDPE) の熱分解ガス化を行った.HDPEの供給時間を30分から240分まで変化させて, 定常状態の到達を確認し, 熱分解に影響を及ぼす因子, HDPE供給速度, 流動化粒子量について実験的に検討した.多孔質アルミナ粒子を用いると, ススの発生が少なくクリーンな運転が可能であった.層のみによる圧力損失が一定になる時点で炭素収支がとれることから, 定常状態の確認には層の圧力損失のリアルタイム測定によるのが実際的である.層温度が30分で一定に達しても層の圧力損失は増加し続け, 非定常的であった.このガス化操作の定常状態においては, アルミナ粒子細孔内にある量の溶融ポリエチレン或いはそれが変化した含炭素物質が保持されると考えられる.効率的な熱分解を行うための最適操作条件は, 空気比0.2～0.3, 層高/塔径1.0～1.5であった.
HCl vapor post-deposition heat treatment of CdTe/CdS films (1996)

Data on the structural and optical properties and solar cell performance of thermally evaporated CdTe/CdS films are presented as functions of the HCl concentration and temperature of a post-deposition heat treatment. The degree of preferred (111) orientation decreased while the grain size of the CdTe films increased with increasing HCl concentration and temperature. The sulfur content of a CdTe/sub 1-x/S/sub x/ layer also increased with HCl concentration and temperature to a maximum value of /spl sim/2%. Cell performance improved over as-deposited values to /spl sim/8% efficiency. Experimental difficulties associated with the use of hydrochloric acid and with oxygen in the anneal ambient are discussed.
One-dimensional plate impact experiments on the cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) based explosive EDC32 (2012)

Eight one-dimensional plate impact experiments have been performed to study both the Shock to Detonation Transition and Hugoniot state in the cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) based explosive EDC32. The experiments covered shock pressures ranging from 0.59 to 7.5 GPa with sustained shocks, double shocks, and short pulse shocks. Experiments were instrumented with embedded magnetic particle velocity gauges. Results include; (1) wave profiles of particle velocity vs. time vs. depth in the explosive, (2) time-distance coordinates for onset of detonation vs. initial shock pressure (aka the Pop-plot), (3) a reactants Hugoniot, and (4) measurement of the Hugoniot Elastic Limit of 0.22.GPa.
Phase Diagram and Phase Properties of the System Lecithin−Water−Cyclohexane (2000)

The isothermal quasi-ternary-phase diagram of the lecithin−cyclohexane−water system was determined at 25 °C using a combination of polarizing microscopy, small-angle X-ray diffraction, and NMR techniques. The system contains four lyotropic liquid-crystalline phases and two isotropic liquid phases. Apart from the lamellar (Lα) phase, there are only reverse-type aggregates with a water interior, in addition to an essentially pure water phase, whose relative locations in the phase diagram follow the sequence (from the oil corner to the surfactant corner): reverse micellar solution (L2), reverse anisotropic nematic (N2), reverse micellar cubic (I2), reverse hexagonal (H2), and finally, the lamellar phase. The aggregates have a finite swelling with water, and coexistence with excess water is found at higher water contents. The area per lecithin molecule was determined in the H2 and Lα phases. This area varies with the mole ratio [H2O]/[Lec] = W0 at lower W0 values, but saturates at an area of 90 Å2/ molecule for W0 ≳ 15. The phase diagram is discussed in relation to the known formation of giant wormlike reverse micelles in the liquid L2 phase. Of particular interest here is the transition from liquid (L2) to nematic (N2) as the wormlike aggregate concentration is increased.
Structure of the French farm-to-table surveillance system for Salmonella (2011)

The French surveillance system for Salmonella is based on a national system which can be traced back to 1947 for human cases and to the late 1980s for the main animal reservoirs. This system has evolved with regard to both European regulations and changes in the observed prevalence of Salmonella. European regulations establish a solid foundation on which to build an active harmonised surveillance system at the production level and for integrating data from the whole food chain. There are also passive surveillance networks in the agri-food and veterinary sectors and these allow complementary information to be obtained from other sectors or sources. The main strengths and weaknesses of these systems are described and a comparison of the different approaches is presented using a grid analysis. The results show that passive systems are very useful for detecting emerging or unusual events and for early warning of outbreaks. They also produce time series of cases or can determine the number of strains that should be used to assess the impact of interventions. Active surveillance data, due to their representativeness and reliability, are key elements in the application of risk analysis tools such as quantitative risk assessment or attribution. Thus, although data is collected and analysed by various organisations, these organisations all collaborate at a national level. Furthermore, their implication in European and international projects is effective and the main objectives of a surveillance system can be met.
Dirichlet PageRank (2005)

PageRank has been known to be a successful algorithm in ranking web sources. In order to avoid the rank sink problem, PageRank assumes that a surfer, being in a page, jumps to a random page with a certain probability. In the standard PageRank algorithm, the jumping probabilities are assumed to be the same for all the pages, regardless of the page properties. This is not the case in the real world, since presumably a surfer would more likely follow the out-links of a high-quality hub page than follow the links of a low-quality one. In this poster, we propose a novel algorithm "Dirichlet PageRank" to address this problem by adapting exible jumping probabilities based on the number of out-links in a page. Empirical results on TREC data show that our method outperforms the standard PageRank algorithm.
Designing and Validating Proximity Operations Rendezvous and Approach Trajectories for the Cygnus Mission (2010)

In 2011, the Orbital Sciences Corporation Cygnus vehicle, developed to provide cargo services to the International Space Station (ISS), will conduct its first autonomous rendezvous with the ISS. The Cygnus vehicle is developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation with subcontracted support for key elements from Draper Laboratory, and Odyssey Space Research. Safety has been an integral part of the design of trajectories, sensors, reaction control system, and GN&C algorithms. This paper describes the approach used to design and validate safe trajectories for the Cygnus vehicle.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Oxaadamantane‐1‐N,N,N‐trimethylmethanaminium Iodide: Synthesis and Potential for Muscarinic Activity. (1986)

Abstract Adamantanone (I) undergoes Baeyer‐Villiger oxidation to give the lactone (II).
A Nano-Selenium Reactive Barrier Approach for Managing Mercury over the Life-Cycle of Compact Fluorescent Lamps (2009)

Compact fluorescent lamps contain small quantities of mercury, release of which can lead to human exposures of potential concern in special cases involving multiple lamps, confined spaces, or young children. The exposure scenarios typically involve solid lamp debris that slowly releases elemental mercury vapor to indoor spaces. Here we propose and demonstrate a reactive barrier approach for the suppression of that mercury release, and demonstrate the concept using uncoated amorphous nanoselenium as the reactive component. Multilayer structures containing an impregnated reactive layer and a mercury vapor barrier are fabricated, characterized, and evaluated in three exposure prevention scenarios: carpeted break sites, disposal/recycling bags, and boxes as used for retail sales, shipping, and collection. The reactive barriers achieve significant suppression of mercury release to indoor spaces in each of thethree scenarios. The nanoselenium barriers also exhibit a unique indicator function that can reveal the location of Hg contamination by local reaction-induced change in optical properties. The article also presents results on equilibrium Hg vapor pressure above lamp debris, mathematical modeling of reaction and transport processes within reactive barriers, and landfill stability of nanoselenium and its reaction products.
Steady State Diffusion Flame Structure with Lewis Number Variations (1982)

Abstract The effects of non-unity Lewis numbers of fuel and oxidizer on the structure of diffusion flames are studied for a variety of flow configurations. By using a generalized formation for the three-dimensional flame-sheet combustion, it is shown that the flame-sheet temperature is increased/decreased with decreasing/increasing Lewis number of either reactant, and that blowing reduces/aggravates these non-unity Lewis number effects if it is parallel/opposing the direction of diffusion. Ignition and extinction analyses are also conducted, yielding explicit criteria governing the occurrence of these events. The falsification of empirically-determined activation energy with the unity Lewis number assumption is emphasized.
Liquid Chromatographic Studies of Silica-Immobilized Bovine Serum Albumin Under Normal-Phase Conditions: Separation of Phenolic Solutes Using Ternary Mixtures of Hydrogen Chloride-Diethyl Ether-Hexane as Eluents (1992)

Abstract The capacity factors, k', for multifunctional solutes with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups are measured on silica-immobilized bovine serum albumin (BSA) using various compositions of hydrogen chloride saturated diethyl ether, hexane, and neat diethyl ether. The values of k' are smaller at higher concentrations of free ether and larger as more of the ether is complexed with hydrogen chloride. Additionally, solute retention increases with increasing hydroxyl and carboxyl substituents in the molecule. The data indicate that solute retention is consistent with normal-phase behavior, which, to our knowledge, makes this work the first successful normal-phase application of silica-immobilized BSA to be reported.
Enantiodivergent total synthesis of trioxilins B3 using Sharpless asymmetric olefin dihydroxylation (2004)

The unknown 11,12-threo-stereoisomers of B-type trioxilins, (10R, 11R, 12S)-TrXB3, its (10S)-epimer and their enantiomers were synthesized (as methyl esters) from a common racemic precursor, viz., methyl rac-10-hydroxyeicos-11(E)-ene-5,8,14-triynoate, by Sharpless enantiodirected dihydroxylation of the double bond as the key step.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension-related morbidity is prognostic for survival: insights from the SERAPHIN and GRIPHON studies (2017)

Clinical and registry data suggest that pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) progression is indicative of poor prognosis. The prognostic relevance of PAH-related morbidity was evaluated based on observations from randomized controlled trials, SERAPHIN (N=742) and GRIPHON (N=1156). Both studies were double-blind, long-term, event-driven Phase III trials. In both, the primary endpoint was a composite of morbidity/mortality, prospectively defined and independently adjudicated. At three landmark time points, Months 3, 6 and 12, the risk of all-cause death until end of study was assessed according to whether patients had experienced a primary endpoint morbidity event up to the landmark. At Month 3, 720 SERAPHIN patients were at risk of death. Of those, 38 had experienced a morbidity event up to Month 3. Within the median follow-up period of 27 months, patients had >3-fold increased risk of death compared with the 682 patients who had not experienced a morbidity event up to Month 3 (HR 3.39 [95% CI 1.94, 5.92]). Similar observations were made in the GRIPHON population: 1127 patients were at risk of death at Month 3; 62 patients had experienced a morbidity event up to Month 3 and had >4-fold increased risk of death within the next 20 months (median follow-up) compared with the 1065 patients who had not (HR 4.48 [95% CI 2.98, 6.73]). In both studies, analyses at Months 6 and 12 yielded similar findings. These results confirm the prognostic relevance of PAH-related morbidity and the importance of its prevention in patients with PAH.
Disruption of Sertoli‐germ cell adhesion function in the seminiferous epithelium of the rat testis can be limited to adherens junctions without affecting the blood–testis barrier integrity: An in vivo study using an androgen suppression model (2005)

During spermatogenesis, both adherens junctions (AJ) (such as ectoplasmic specialization (ES), a testis-specific AJ type at the Sertoli cell-spermatid interface (apical ES) or Sertoli-Sertoli cell interface (basal ES) in the apical compartment and BTB, respectively) and tight junctions (TJ) undergo extensive restructuring to permit germ cells to move across the blood-testis barrier (BTB) as well as the seminiferous epithelium from the basal compartment to the luminal edge to permit fully developed spermatids (spermatozoa) to be sloughed at spermiation. However, the integrity of the BTB cannot be compromised throughout spermatogenesis so that postmeiotic germ cell-specific antigens can be sequestered from the systemic circulation at all times. We thus hypothesize that AJ disruption in the seminiferous epithelium unlike other epithelia, can occur without compromising the BTB-barrier, even though these junctions, namely TJ and basal ES, co-exist side-by-side in the BTB. Using an intratesticular androgen suppression-induced germ cell loss model, we have shown that the disruption of AJs indeed was limited to the Sertoli-germ cell interface without perturbing the BTB. The testis apparently is using a unique physiological mechanism to induce the production of both TJ- and AJ-integral membrane proteins and their associated adaptors to maintain BTB integrity yet permitting a transient loss of cell adhesion function by dissociating N-cadherin from beta-catenin at the apical and basal ES. The enhanced production of TJ proteins, such as occludin and ZO-1, at the BTB site can supersede the transient loss of cadherin-catenin function at the basal ES. This thus allows germ cell depletion from the epithelium without compromising BTB integrity. It is plausible that the testis is using this novel mechanism to facilitate the movement of preleptotene and leptotene spermatocytes across the BTB at late stage VIII through early stage IX of the epithelial cycle in the rat while maintaining the BTB immunological barrier function.
THE RADIOLYSIS OF n-PROPYL BROMIDE<sup>1,2</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE RADIOLYSIS OF n-PROPYL BROMIDE1,2Richard J. Neddenriep and John E. WillardCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1961, 65, 7, 1206–1213Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100825a027https://doi.org/10.1021/j100825a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Macromolecular Engineering of Polylactones and Polylactides. 20. Effect of Monomer, Solvent, and Initiator on the Ring-Opening Polymerization As Initiated with Aluminum Alkoxides (1995)

peer reviewed
Discrete Changes Model of Inter-core Crosstalk of Real Homogeneous Multi-core Fibers (2017)

An analytical discrete changes model of the inter-core crosstalk (ICXT) in real homogeneous weakly-coupled multi-core fibers (MCF) (cores with similar but different parameters) with bending and twisting perturbations is proposed for operation in the phase-matching region, where the bending radii are smaller than the critical bending radius. We show that this model is a generalization of the ICXT model proposed by other authors for perfectly homogeneous MCF. We compare simulation results of the coupled mode equation for a weakly-coupled step-index MCF with seven cores with theoretical predictions from the proposed model, and much faster and accurate mean ICXT power estimates are shown in the whole range of bending radii and difference of intrinsic effective refractive indexes corresponding to operation in the phase-matching region. We show that differences of mean ICXT power exceeding 4 dB can occur between the estimates provided by the model considering perfectly homogeneous MCF and the proposed model.
ChemInform Abstract: “ISORETINOL” AND RETINAL: AN UNORTHODOX BUT SIMPLE ROUTE TO THE VITAMIN A SERIES (1983)

Abstract In einer kurzen Mitteilung wird die Synthese des "Iso‐retinol" (III) aus dem Chlorid (I) und der Kupferverbindung (II) , sowie seiner isomeren Oxidationsproduk‐ te (IV)‐(VII) beschrieben.
Coexistence of Local and Band Characters in the Absorption Spectra of Solids I. Formulation (1967)

The problem of coexistence of the local and band aspects in the fundamental absorption spectra (or the impurity-induced infrared absorption of lattice vibrations) is formulated with the use of the Green's function method. By a suitable decomposition of the hamiltonian of the electron-hole relative motion (or the dynamical matrix for the lattice vibrations), one can derive a line shape expression in which coexist the both aspects, namely, the metastable excitons (or the quasi-local modes) on the one hand and the Van Hove singularities on the other hand. Their interference results in the antiresonance of the quasi-local states and the metamorphism of Van Hove singularities.
Bone architecture and image synthesis. (1999)

3-D bone architecture can now be measured by micro-computer tomography or micro-magnetic resonance imaging. The principles of the micro-computer technique is reviewed and new architectural parameters can be computed. In addition, the method allows the contruction of polymer models by stereolithography, a method that can be used to perform repetitive mechanical studies on the same bone sample. These non destructive methods are interesting in the pre-clinical studies on bone diseases and in the investigation of animal trials on new pharmacological compounds active on bone.
B cell superantigens in the human intestinal microbiota (2019)

IgA is prominently secreted at mucosal surfaces and coats a fraction of the commensal microbiota, a process that is critical for intestinal homeostasis. However, the mechanisms of IgA induction and the molecular targets of these antibodies remain poorly understood, particularly in humans. Here, we demonstrate that microbiota from a subset of human individuals encode two protein "superantigens" expressed on the surface of commensal bacteria of the family Lachnospiraceae such as <i>Ruminococcus gnavus</i> that bind IgA variable regions and stimulate potent IgA responses in mice. These superantigens stimulate B cells expressing human VH3 or murine VH5/6/7 variable regions and subsequently bind their antibodies, allowing these microbial organisms to become highly coated with IgA in vivo. These findings demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for commensal superantigens in host-microbiota interactions. Furthermore, as superantigen-expressing strains show an uneven distribution across human populations, they should be systematically considered in studies evaluating human B cell responses and microbiota during homeostasis and disease.
Flow‐compensated limited flip angle MR angiography (1989)

A method of subtraction angiography that has an acquisition time of 8 s per slice is described. Flow-compensated and uncompensated measurements are acquired in an interleaved fashion using limited flip angles and gradient refocusing. Magnitude images are reconstructed and subtracted to generate the angiogram. Results were generated in vivo in the imaging of the carotid bifurcation of several human volunteers. Susceptibility and inhomogeneity induced artifacts are prominent in thick slices, but can be greatly reduced by imaging several thin slices and adding them together. Thin slices do not require dephasing gradients to reduce the dynamic range, and there is no signal cancellation in overlapping vessels. The method is ideal for acquiring scout angiograms, and with averaging may produce images of diagnostic quality.
Understanding Postprandial Glucose Clearance by Peripheral Organs: The Role of the Hepatic Parasympathetic System (2011)

The hepatic parasympathetic system is one of the major contributors for preserving insulin sensitivity in the postprandial state. Postprandial hepatic vagal control of whole-body glucose clearance and its effect on specific organs remains unknown. Our hypothesis is that, in the postprandial state, the hepatic parasympathetic nerves (HPN) are responsible for a considerable part of extra-hepatic tissue glucose clearance. Two groups of 9-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were studied, comparing sham-operated versus hepatic parasympathetic denervated animals. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated in the postprandial state by the rapid insulin sensitivity test (RIST). [(3) H]2-deoxy-d-glucose was administered during the RIST. Plasma glucose rate of the disappearance and clearance by skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, heart and kidney of this radioisotope was measured. The postprandial denervated group showed a decrease insulin sensitivity of 41.4 ± 5.2%. This group of animals showed a decrease in the rate of plasma [(3) H]2-deoxy-d-glucose disappearance and skeletal muscle, heart and kidney glucose clearance by 45%, 35% and 67%, respectively. These studies show that the major contributor of postprandial whole-body glucose clearance was skeletal muscle; in the range 69-38%, depending on HPN integrity. The results obtained in the present study indicate that HPN are crucial for postprandial action of insulin through a mechanism that is essential for maintenance of skeletal muscle, heart and kidney glucose clearance. These results suggest that hepatic parasympathetic dysfunction could lie at the genesis of type 2 diabetes complications, namely insulin resistance, nephropathy and cardiomyopathy.
Functional evidence for a breast cancer growth suppressor gene on chromosome 17 (1993)

Rearrangements or deletions of chromosome 17 are the most frequently observed genetic changes identified in breast tumors. Molecular analyses suggest that in addition to the p53 gene on 17p13.1 there may be at least three other tumor suppressor genes on chromosome 17 involved in breast cancer. Regions of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) identified on 17p13.3 and 17q12-qter occur frequently in breast tumors, and the BRCA-1 gene has been mapped to 17q21 by genetic linkage analysis. Here we provide biological evidence for the presence of a growth suppressor gene(s) on chromosome 17 that results in the in vitro growth suppression of the p53 wild-type MCF 7 breast cancer cell line. We have introduced a normal chromosome 17 into MCF 7 cells by microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT), and demonstrate that cells growth arrest before 10 to 12 population doublings. In contrast, the introduction of a normal chromosome 13 had no effect upon growth of these cells either in vitro or in vivo. These data provide direct functional evidence for the presence of a growth suppressor gene(s) on chromosome 17, which is not p53, and which may represent one of several gene(s) that play a critical role in the development of breast cancer.