gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TH-CD-207-07: Prostate Cancer Foci Detection and Aggressiveness Identification Using Multi-Parametric MRI/MRS and Supervised Learning (2015)

Purpose: To develop a non-invasive and quantitative information platform to accurately identify the prostate cancer foci and tumor aggressiveness grade. Methods: 11 patients who received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) prior to the surgery were studied. Multi-parametric imaging included extracting T2-map, Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) using diffusion weighted MRI, Ktrans using Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI, and 3D-MR Spectroscopy. Each image was composed of approximately 10 slices, which were divided into octants and individually assessed for the presence/absence of tumor by a radiologist. Following the radical prostatectomy, digital images of both the slice specimens and the histopathology slides were obtained. A pathologist reviewed all 223 octants and marked cancerous regions on each and graded them with Gleason score, which served as the ground truth to validate our prediction. Both binary prediction (indolent/aggressive cancer, separated by Gleason = 6) and multi-class prediction (no-cancer, non-aggressive cancer and aggressive cancer) were performed. Adaptive boosting with random under-sampling method was used. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and 95% confidence intervals were collected after repetitions of 10-fold cross-validation. Results: In binary prediction, average AUC value of was 0.77 [0.73, 0.79] with average sensitivity and specificity 79% [74%, 85%] and 74% [70%, 77%], respectively. For the multi-class classification, the average prediction accuracy for the no-cancer class was 97% [91%, 100%], for non-aggressive cancer class was 80% [76%, 83%] and for aggressive cancer class was 65% [59%, 72%]. The overall accuracy was 86% [83%, 88%]. Conclusion: We provided a sophisticated while user-friendly platform using multi-parametric MRI combined with supervised learning to be able to accurately detect cancer foci and its aggressiveness. In addition, our method was non-invasive and allowed for non-subjective disease characterization, which provided physician information to make personalized treatment decision.
HF Transformer with Triaxial Cable Shielding Against Capacitive Current (1971)

The ratio of primary inductance LM to stray inductance LS determines the relative bandwidth Br and the pulse response of the transformer. In order to reduce L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</inf> , a miniature coaxial cable, whose outside shield serves, e.g., as the primary winding and whose inside conductor serves as the secondary winding, can be used. The relative bandwidth Br of such a transformer is then limited mainly by the mutual capacitance between both windings. When a triaxial (shielded coaxial) cable is used instead of a coaxial cable and when the internal braid is used as a shield and connected so that it has the same instantaneous HF potential with respect to ground as the internal conductor, then the mutual capacitance is practically zero and a shielded HF transformer with a relative bandwidth well over 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> can be constructed. This construction, which was developed for precise and fast pulse circuits, can be used whenever a floating pulse or wide-band HF signal source is needed.
Automated Calibration of Blood Pressure Signal Conditioners (1973)

A system for automatic calibration of blood pressure transducers is described. Automatic calibration is accomplished by activation of an analog-controlled servo system that sets the zero balance and gain in a single sequence. An unlimited number of transducers may be calibrated simultaneously, and calibration is completed within a period of less than 1 min. Accuracy and repeatability are assured without dependence on the operator's judgment.
Transflective Mesoscopic Nanoparticles Synthesized in the Leidenfrost Droplet as Black Absorbers (2018)

Abstract Here, a new class of transflective oxide metaparticles that are able to capture solar radiation in a selective manner based on their size and morphology is demonstrated. The metaparticles possess an electronic polarization response “polarizonics” and show a specular reflective color at the visible frequencies. As a specific highlight, a resonating ultrathin reflective while transparent metacomposite, i.e., a transflective coating is designed. Further, a perfect solar absorber is devised whose function is morphology controlled and supplemented by the transflective coating via the selective interference concept. The multidisciplinary approach presented here enables design of materials with customized functionalities, bridging the sustainable nanochemistry to nanoengineering and proposes a new way for solving challenges in energy and solar harvesting.
Immunochemical Pattern of Aspartate Aminotransferase Isozymes in Several Rodents and in Ehrlich Ascites Cells (1975)

Antisera against rat liver aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) isozymes were used to study the activity and immunologic pattern of these isozymes in the livers of the rat, mouse, hamster, gerbil and in Ehrlich ascites cells. A double immunodiffusion precipitin test and immunoelectrophoresis showed that, except for the gerbil, there was a pattern of identity of AAT isozymes in the presence of either the antianionic or the anticationic antisera. Although gerbil AAT isozymes are immunochemically different from those of the other rodents studied, they were inactivated by the respective antiserum in a manner similar to that observed with the other species. This may suggest that antigenic determinants at the catalytic site of each of the liver aspartate aminotransferase isozymes are least likely to change throughout the evolutionary process.
Backgate bias accelerator for 10ns-order sleep-to-active modes transition time (2007)

Backgate biasing is a promising technique for highspeed systems. Leakage can be reduced during standby periods by reverse bias while adequate bias in active mode can balance process and temperature variations. This technique introduces no delay penalty in active mode but slow wake up time results in system performance degradation. In this paper, a backgate bias accelerator achieving 24ns/V sleep-to-active mode transition rate is demonstrated in a 90 nm CMOS technology. The circuit performs auto-calibration of the transition time as a function of the Sleep and Active mode backgate bias voltages. Those can therefore be tuned on-chip according to process variations and/or operating conditions. The accelerator occupies less than 2.5% of the total chip area, consumes 600μW during the transitions and doesn’t add any bias current during active and sleep modes.
Functional optoacoustic neuro-tomography of calcium fluxes in adult zebrafish brain in vivo (2017)

Genetically-encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) have revolutionized neuroimaging by enabling mapping of the activity of entire neuronal populations in vivo. Visualization of these powerful activity sensors has to date been limited to depth-restricted microscopic studies due to intense light scattering in the brain. We demonstrate, for the first time, in vivo real-time volumetric optoacoustic monitoring of calcium transients in adult transgenic zebrafish expressing the GCaMP5G calcium indicator. Fast changes in optoacoustic traces associated with GCaMP5G activity were detectable in the presence of other strongly absorbing endogenous chromophores, such as hemoglobin. The new functional optoacoustic neuroimaging method can visualize neural activity at penetration depths and spatio-temporal resolution scales not covered with the existing neuroimaging techniques.
Stability analysis of an adaptive torque controller for variable speed wind turbines (2004)

Variable speed wind turbines are designed to follow wind speed variations in low winds in order to maximize aerodynamic efficiency. Unfortunately, uncertainty in the aerodynamic parameters may lead to sub-optimal power capture in variable speed turbines. Adaptive generator torque control is one method of eliminating this sub-optimality; however, before adaptive control can become widely used in the wind industry, it must be proven to be safe. This paper analyzes the stability of an adaptive torque control law and the gain adaptation law in use on the Controls Advanced Research Turbine (CART) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's National Wind Technology Center.
Progress in Adaptive Immunotherapy for Cancer in Companion Animals: Success on the Path to a Cure (2015)

Harnessing the ability of the immune system to eradicate cancer has been a long-held goal of oncology. Work from the last two decades has finally brought immunotherapy into the forefront for cancer treatment, with demonstrable clinical success for aggressive tumors where other therapies had failed. In this review, we will discuss a range of therapies that are in different stages of clinical or preclinical development for companion animals with cancer, and which share the common objective of eliciting adaptive, anti-tumor immune responses. Even though challenges remain, manipulating the immune system holds significant promise to create durable responses and improve outcomes in companion animals with cancer. Furthermore, what we learn from this process will inform and accelerate development of comparable therapies for human cancer patients.
Major histocompatibility complex class II transactivator gene polymorphism: associations with Löfgren's syndrome (2010)

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II transactivator (MHC2TA) is known as a master regulator for expression of MHC class II molecules. In the present study, we investigated the influence on the risk for sarcoidosis of two variants of the MHC2TA gene, selected from previous association studies of inflammatory diseases. Seven hundred and twenty-eight sarcoidosis patients and 873 controls matched by ethnicity were included in the study. Patients were classified as with Löfgren's syndrome (or not) as subphenotypes. Individuals were genotyped for two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MHC2TA gene, rs3087456 A/G and rs11074932 C/T, and were human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1-typed. After correction for multiple testing, our data showed a significant association with Löfgren's syndrome in allelic model for the rs3087456 SNP, which was not detected in non-Löfgren's patients. A similar trend was noted for the rs11074932 SNP. These risk factors were independent of HLA-DRB1*03, which is known to be associated with Löfgren's syndrome. The finding of a new genetic association between Löfgren's syndrome and MHC2TA gene polymorphisms, which seems independent of HLA-DRB1*03 and relates to the expression of MHC class II molecules, strongly supports the idea that Löfgren's syndrome is a separate disease entity.
Cybersecurity for Connected Diabetes Devices (2015)

Diabetes devices are increasingly connected wirelessly to each other and to data-displaying reader devices. Threats to the accurate flow of information and commands may compromise the function of these devices and put their users at risk of health complications. Sound cybersecurity of connected diabetes devices is necessary to maintain confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the data and commands. Diabetes devices can be hacked by unauthorized agents and also by patients themselves to extract data that are not automatically provided by product software. Unauthorized access to connected diabetes devices has been simulated and could happen in reality. A cybersecurity standard designed specifically for connected diabetes devices will improve the safety of these products and increase confidence of users that the products will be secure.
Plasma‐free amino acid (PFAA) profile is a potential blood‐based biomarker for detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (2020)

Abstract Background Primary prevention of cognitive decline is important while development of disease modifying drugs for early Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is progressing rapidly. As a screening tool for early detection of cognitive decline, blood‐based biomarkers prior to invasive testing such as cerebral spinal fluid examination and positron emission tomography scanning could be beneficial. In our small‐scale pilot study, plasma‐free amino acid (PFAA) profiles of AD patients and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD were shown to be significantly different from those of cognitively healthy elderly. In order to examine the clinical significance of PFAAs as a novel biomarker, we started an MCI cohort study that enrolls hundreds of MCI subjects to determine practical biomarkers for MCI screening among generally healthy subjects, and to distinguish stable MCI and AD‐converted MCI. The results of interim baseline analysis regarding MCI screening will be presented here. Method MCI subjects from 6 medical sites in Japan (MCI, n=117) and age‐gender‐matched community dwellers in 3 different cities in Japan (healthy control, n=117) were included in the current analysis. At baseline visit, plasma samples were collected under fasting condition. The concentrations of PFAAs and plasma amines were analyzed with LC/MS or LC/MS/MS and serum biochemistry tests were done. Observation of the clinical status of MCI subjects for 3 years after the blood collection is ongoing. Result Several PFAAs including essential amino acids of MCI subjects were significantly lower than those of healthy control. There were no significant differences in plasma amine concentrations between MCI and control group. In addition, several serum biochemistry parameters including serum albumin of MCI subjects were significantly lower. These differences were independent of age and gender. Conclusion Both PFAAs including essential amino acids and serum biochemistry including albumin were shown to be potential biomarkers for MCI screening. The validation of this results will be conducted in another subset in this MCI cohort study. For further investigation, we will conduct multivariable analysis and create the robust algorithm for MCI screening. Also, observation of the clinical status of MCI subjects will continue to distinguish stable MCI and AD‐converted MCI.
On the Performance Benefits of Multihoming Route Control (2008)

Multihoming is increasingly being employed by large enterprises and data centers to extract good performance and reliability from their ISP connections. Multihomed end networks today can employ a variety of route control products to optimize their Internet access performance and reliability. However, little is known about the tangible benefits that such products can offer, the mechanisms they employ and their trade-offs. This paper makes two important contributions. First, we present a study of the potential improvements in Internet round-trip times (RTTs) and transfer speeds from employing multihoming route control. Our analysis shows that multihoming to three or more ISPs and cleverly scheduling traffic across the ISPs can improve Internet RTTs and throughputs by up to 25% and 20%, respectively. However, a careful selection of ISPs is important to realize the performance improvements. Second, focusing on large enterprises, we propose and evaluate a wide-range of route control mechanisms and evaluate their design trade-offs. We implement the proposed schemes on a Linux-based Web proxy and perform a trace-based evaluation of their performance. We show that both passive and active measurement-based techniques are equally effective and could improve the Web response times of enterprise networks by up to 25% on average, compared to using a single ISP. We also outline several "best common practices" for the design of route control products.
Enantioselective Synthesis of 5‐Trifluoromethyl‐2‐isoxazolines and Their <i>N</i>‐Oxides by [Hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene‐Mediated Oxidative N–O Coupling (2013)

Abstract Biologically attractive trifluoromethyl‐2‐isoxazoline N ‐oxides were synthesized in good yields for the first time by the [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene‐mediated oxidative N–O coupling of β‐trifluoromethyl β‐hydroxy ketoximes generated from trifluoromethyl β‐keto alcohols. The present method allows the synthesis of previously unknown 5‐trifluoromethyl‐2‐isoxazoline N ‐oxides and also provides an alternative for the enantioselective synthesis of antiparasitic 5‐trifluoromethyl‐2‐isoxazolines by sequential reduction.
Scaling up Superoptimization (2016)

Developing a code optimizer is challenging, especially for new, idiosyncratic ISAs. Superoptimization can, in principle, discover machine-specific optimizations automatically by searching the space of all instruction sequences. If we can increase the size of code fragments a superoptimizer can optimize, we will be able to discover more optimizations. We develop LENS, a search algorithm that increases the size of code a superoptimizer can synthesize by rapidly pruning away invalid candidate programs. Pruning is achieved by selectively refining the abstraction under which candidates are considered equivalent, only in the promising part of the candidate space. LENS also uses a bidirectional search strategy to prune the candidate space from both forward and backward directions. These pruning strategies allow LENS to solve twice as many benchmarks as existing enumerative search algorithms, while LENS is about 11-times faster. Additionally, we increase the effective size of the superoptimized fragments by relaxing the correctness condition using contexts (surrounding code). Finally, we combine LENS with complementary search techniques into a cooperative superoptimizer, which exploits the stochastic search to make random jumps in a large candidate space, and a symbolic (SAT-solver-based) search to synthesize arbitrary constants. While existing superoptimizers consistently solve 9--16 out of 32 benchmarks, the cooperative superoptimizer solves 29 benchmarks. It can synthesize code fragments that are up to 82% faster than code generated by gcc -O3 from WiBench and MiBench.
L'idée régionaliste et la littérature : construction et représentations de l'identité locale du Berry au tournant du siècle (1897-1914) (1996)

La reference a l'identite locale, bien que presente en France tout au long du XIXe siecle, s'institutionnalise vers 1900 politique autant que culturel, le mouvement regionaliste se developpe sur un mode consensuel : il pretend rassembler les provinces dans toute leur diversite tout en restant attache au principe de l'unite nationale. Derriere ce mouvement, se mettent en place sur l'ensemble du territoire national des systemes de representation de l'espace local particulier a chaque province. Dans le Berry, le regionalisme prend forme dans des secteurs comme la politique, les societes savantes ou l'ecole, ou encore dans les lieux de diffusion de nouvelles pratiques culturelles comme les societes d'originaires berrichons a Paris, les spectacles folkloriques ou les syndicats d'initiatives. Cette idee regionaliste se manifeste donc a travers un ensemble heteroclite de pratiques culturelles. L’influence de la litterature reste preponderante dans ce processus parce qu'elle vehicule les representations de l'imagination d'une epoque. Se proclamant heritiers de G. Sand, H. Lapaire, G. Nigond, P. De Querlon ou J. Des Gachons insufflent un elan au regionalisme berrichon. Leur systeme de representation reinvente a sa maniere, l'espace ideal de l'identite locale.
μ‐Gels as support materials for dinuclear olefin polymerization catalysts (2008)

Abstract μ‐Gels which consist of poly(organosilicon) networks can be employed as efficient support materials for ethylene polymerization catalyst precursors. Alkylaluminum cocatalysts can be fixed on the μ‐gel surfaces using the PHT (“partially hydrolyzed trimethylaluminum”) method. The influence of different aluminum/water ratios on the ethylene polymerization properties of these heterogeneous systems is investigated. Dinuclear silicon bridged zirconium complexes are used as catalyst precursors yielding polyethylenes with broad or bimodal molecular weight distributions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Monoclonal IgA class‐switch variants against bacterial surface antigens: molecular forms and transport into murine respiratory secretions (1994)

The present study describes a new model for passive immunization of the respiratory tract with IgA in comparison to other isotypes. Monoclonal IgA-isotype-switch variants were isolated from different IgG-producing hybridoma clones specific for surface epitopes of bacterial respiratory tract pathogens. Analysis of the molecular form of the IgA variants revealed the simultaneous production of monomeric, dimeric and higher polymeric IgA by a single-cell line with predominance of the polymeric forms. The specificities of the IgA variants were identical to the parent IgG antibodies as demonstrated by inhibition experiments. The IgA variant antibodies were separated into monomers and polymers by gel filtration. Intravenous injection of the different molecular forms of IgA and of IgG into mice were used to investigate the transport characteristics of IgA into murine upper and lower respiratory tract secretions by the physiological route in comparison to IgG. Polymeric IgA variant, monomeric IgA variant and IgG were detected in immunologically active form in both nasal secretion and bronchoalveolar fluid as evidenced by binding to their antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relative contribution of the specific exogenous monoclonal IgA and monoclonal IgG to total IgA and IgG, respectively, was determined in secretions. Comparison of the secretion to serum transport ratios clearly indicates selective transport of polymeric IgA variant into nasal secretions relative to IgG parent antibody. Molecular and functional characteristics of the IgA variants make them ideal for passive mucosal immunization experiments and identification of protective epitopes in mucosal immunity.
A formal synthesis of crinipellin B based on the arene-alkene meta-photocycloaddition reaction (1998)

Starting from triethyl phosphonopropionate and 3-nitro-2-methylbenzoic acid, a formal synthesis of crinipellin B was achieved. The strategy draws on the use of a novel version of the arene-alkene meta-photocycloaddition reaction that proceeds with the generation of 4 rings and 4 quaternary stereocenters in one synthetic operation.
ENHANCEMENT OF INTRACELLULAR SAXITOXIN ACCUMULATION BY LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN THE CYANOBACTERIUM <i>CYLINDROSPERMOPSIS RACIBORSKII</i> T3 (NOSTOCALES)<sup>1</sup> (2003)

The metabolic effect of three different concentrations of lidocaine hydrochloride (0.01, 0.1, and 1 μM) on growth and saxitoxin (STX) production of the freshwater cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Wolosznska) T3 was analyzed. Lidocaine hydrochloride increased both the growth rate and the final growth yield in the toxic cyanobacterium, with a maximum of 25% and 18% for a 1‐μM dose, respectively. Moreover, C. raciborskii T3 samples harvested at the end of the growth phase and analyzed for STX content by HPLC showed an increase in STX intracellular concentration of 14.3% and 49.3% after exposure to 0.01 and 0.1 μM lidocaine hydrochloride, respectively, whereas 1 μM lidocaine hydrochloride resulted in a 114% incremental change in STX content. The time course of the 1‐μM lidocaine hydrochloride effect showed the highest rate of increase in mean STX intracellular concentration (298%) within the first 2 h after induction. The increase in STX content induced by lidocaine hydrochloride in C. raciborskii T3 was dependent on the concentration of Na + ions in the culture medium and alkaline pH. The results suggest a possible action of lidocaine hydrochloride on membrane ion fluxes and the hypothesis of a potential linkage between cyanobacterial homeostasis and STX regulation.