gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detecting Acoustic Emission in Large Liquid Metal Cooled Fast Breeder Reactors (1972)

Research at Argonne National Laboratory on acoustic emission and closely related areas is oriented to goals of the liquid metal cooled fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) program. These goals include acoustic monitoring of reactor core and power plant components, acoustic detection of boiling in liquid sodium, and acoustic emission testing of materials at elevated temperatures. For monitoring of sodium-filled components, several types of acoustic emission sensors are being developed for operation in sodium at temperatures to 650 C. These sensors contain the high temperature, radiation resistant, piezoelectric material, lithium niobate which is clamped or bonded to the sensor housing. Reactor components have been monitored acoustically with both high temperature (620 C rating) accelerometers and with standard accelerometers. The acoustic surveillance tests have shown: (1) flowrate-dependent noise in a sodium-cooled nuclear reactor (EBR-II) and in a sodium component test facility (CCTL); (2) sodium-oxide binding within an EBR-II primary pump; and (3) a loose drain tube in the EBR-II primary sodium to secondary sodium intermediate heat exchanger.
Comparing Nematode Management Products on Corn in Strip Trials (2011)

Plant-parasitic nematodes that feed on corn occur commonly in fields in Iowa and throughout the Midwest. Most nematodes do not reduce corn yields until population densities (numbers) increase to damaging levels and/or other stressful conditions occur in the growing season, like high heat and low moisture.
Phenols, Acetylenes, and Sesquiterpene Lactones fromInulanthera nuda (1998)

Five new compounds, the sesquiterpene lactones 1 and 2, the 2H-pyran-2-one 9, the flavone glycoside 10, and the organic diacid 11 were isolated from the CH2Cl2 extract (1 and 2) and from the BuOH part of the MeOH extract (9 – 11) of the aerial parts of Inulanthera nuda Källersjö (Asteraceae). The structures were established by spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, EI-MS, D/CI-MS and TSP-MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR as well as two-dimensional NMR techniques. The sesquiterpene lactones were identified as 1α,4β,10β-trihydroxyguaia-2,11(13)-dieno-12,6α-lactone (1) and 4β,10β-dihydroxy-1α-methoxyguaia-2,11(13)-dieno-12,6α-lactone (2), while 9 was found to be 4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one, 10 was determined as luteolin 7-(2″-O-acetyl-β-D-glucuronoside) and 11 as (Z)-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)butenedioic acid. The new compounds were accompanied by six more compounds (3 – 8) from the CH2Cl2 extract and ten compounds from the BuOH extract (including 12 – 16). Compounds 3 and 4 were identified as (E)- and (Z)-O-acetyldendranthemenol, while the structures of 5 – 8 were elucidated as the flavones salvigenin, 5-hydroxy-3′,4′,6,7-tetramethoxyflavone, eupatorin, and cirsilineol, respectively, from their spectroscopic data (EI- and D/CI-MS, UV, 1H- and 13C-NMR). Compounds 12 – 16 were determined as scopolin, maltol 3-glucoside, and the flavone glycosides luteolin 7-glucuronide, apigenin 7-glucuronide, and scutellarein 7-glucuronide based on spectral evidences (D/CI- and TSP-MS, UV, 1H- and 13C-NMR). The additional five compounds from the BuOH extract were identified on-line by HPLC-MS as chlorogenic acid, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and 3,4-dicaffeoylisoquinic acid. The identification was based on comparison of retention times and UV and mass spectra with authentic samples.
Granska i teritorijalna struktura industrije Srbije (1995)

Rezultati izvrsene analize stanja granske i teritorijalne strukture industrije Srbije, nedvosmisleno, potvrđuju istaknuti zakljucak da je ta struktura nepovoljna. U cilju stvaranja uslova za racionalniji razvoj industrije kao i za njen potpuniji doprinos sveukupnom razvoju, u narednom periodu, njena struktura se mora menjati.Međutim, zbog ekonomske blokade, te promene su otežane a u pojedinim segmentima, gotovo i da nisu moguce. Ta okolnost ce, u velikoj meri, pogorsati prikazano stanje granske i teritorijalne strukture industrije, a proces njenog prilagođavanja usporiti. No, i pored ove cinjenice koja se mora uvažavati, znacajnije promene u granskoj i teritorijalnoj strukturi industrije Srbije, posmatrano na duži rok, su objektivna ekonomska neminovnost. Pri tome, te promene se moraju definisati odgovarajucom razvojnom politikom i strategijom, koja ce biti koncipirana i operacionalizovana kao sastavni deo strategije sveukupnog razvoja Srbije.Strukturne promene industrije Srbije uslovljene su, na jednoj strani, potrebom kompletiranja proizvodne strukture uzrokovane: prekidom proizvodnih ciklusa ili svođenjem na minimum proizvodnje u pojedinim industrijskim granama i preduzecima, prekidom izvora snabdevanja, sužavanjem unutrasnjeg tržista, odsustvom koriscenja ekonomije obima i smanjivanjem ukupne ponude industrijskih proizvoda, posebno uvozno zavisnih, koje predstavljaju posledicu raspada SFRJ. Strukturne promene uzrokovane ovim faktorom, u prvom redu, ispoljavaju se osvajanjem prozvodnje delova i proizvoda kooperantskih industrijskih kapaciteta koji su razruseni u građanskom ratu i/ili ostali u otcepljenim republikama. Uvozno supstitutivnu razvojnu strategiju industrije Srbije pospesuje i ekonomska blokada koju su prema SR Jugoslaviji zavele UN. Na drugoj strani, strukturno prilagođavanje industrije Srbije objektivno je uslovljeno potrebom podizanja njene konkurentnosti na inostranom tržistu u skladu sa savremenim tehnickim progresom (razvoj novih grana, novih tehnologija, materijala i novih proizvoda proizvedenih na nov nacin izrade) i procesom reindustrijalizacije, koji je tokom osamdesetih godina, u ekonomskoj literaturi, oznacen kao novi ekonomski fenomen. Pre ili kasnije ovi procesi neminovno ce zahvatiti i industriju Srbije zavisno od stepena i dužine trajanja ekonomske blokade.
Effects of cocaine on pial arterioles in cats. (1990)

We used the closed cranial window technique to observe the responses of pial arterioles to topical application of cocaine in 29 anesthetized cats. Alterations in arteriolar diameter were dependent on the concentration of cocaine applied. Cocaine dissolved in artificial cerebrospinal fluid at concentrations of 10(-8) or 10(-7) M was without effect. Concentrations of 10(-6) and 10(-5) M produced dilation (4.9 +/- 1.5% [mean +/- SEM] and 5.9 +/- 2.0%, respectively) in large arterioles (greater than 100 microns) but no significant change in the diameter of small arterioles (less than 100 microns). A concentration of 10(-4) M dilated both large and small arterioles (20.3 +/- 3.1% and 12.0 +/- 7.1%, respectively). Pretreatment with 1 mg/kg i.v. propranolol blocked the increase in pial arteriolar diameter after application of 10(-4) M cocaine and produced significant vasoconstriction in small arterioles (-8.3 +/- 3.1%). Cocaine produces vasodilation of cat cerebral arterioles. This effect appears to be mediated, at least in part, by mechanisms that depend on stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors.
Effect of Long-Term Hypoxia on Protein Synthesis in Granuloma and in Some Organs in Rats (1970)

In rats adapted first to hypoxia simulating 7000-m altitude, further exposures to low oxygen tensions stimulated collagen synthesis only in the granuloma tissue and had no effect on the degradation of collagen. The polymerization of soluble forms into less soluble collagen was decreased. In the liver and lung, collagen synthesis did not change. In the heart and small intestine, collagen synthesis was significantly decreased. The formation of noncollagenous proteins was significantly inhibited in all tissues studied. No effect of hypoxia on hydroxylations of collagenous proline was observed.
The Role Of Sall4 In Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency (2010)

Murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs) can grow indefinitely in vitro, and yet retain the potential to differentiate into all three primitive germ layers. They hold significant promise within the field of regenerative medicine, particularly through the production of patient specific induced pluripotent cells (iPS), which mimic the properties of embryonic stem cells. The ability of mESCs to maintain their pluripotency is regulated by a number of transcription factors, including Sall4, the causative gene in Duane-Radial Ray syndrome (DRSS), consisting of radial, cardiac, and eye abnormalities. Sall4 is critical for maintaining mESCs in a pluripotent state, and interestingly exists as two isoforms (Sall4a, the long isoform and Sall4b, the short isoform); Sall4b has been implicated as an oncogene in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Using genome wide location anaylsis, we have been able to show that both isoforms of Sall4 exist in mESCs and bind to overlapping but not identical target genes. In fact, Sall4b (the short isoform) binds to most pluripotency targets, whereas Sall4a binds predominantly to differentiation genes. Using RNAi technology to generate mESCs containing only one of the two isoforms we demonstrate that Sall4b but not Sall4a is required for maintaining mESCs in a pluripotent state. Lastly, proteomics reveals that Sall4a and Sall4b may have different protein:protein interaction partners which affects their ability to regulate pluripotency targets. Taken together, these data indicate that differences in splice variants at a single locus can play key roles in regulating the pluripotent states. Further studies need to be performed to understand how these differences may translate into the unique roles these splice isoforms play in human diseases.
Importance of axial stretch on the determination of Young’s modulus of electrospun poly(<i>ε</i>-caprolactone) nanofibres by atomic force microscopy (2021)

With increasing interest in the use of polymeric nanofibres for biomedical applications such as composite materials and tissue scaffolding, accurate determination of their mechanical properties is essential. Fibre orientation and the stiffness of individual fibres determine the overall elastic modulus of nanofibrous materials. However, accurate measurements of the elastic properties of single fibres are challenging at the nanoscale, and distinguishing between results arising from competing models can be difficult. We report here on investigations of the Young’s modulus of single poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) electrospun nanofibres by measuring the deflection of fibres due to a loading force applied by an atomic force microscope (AFM). Although such testing is often performed with the tacit assumption that bending resistance alone is responsible for the fibre response, we found that consistent results could only be obtained if the overall fibre stretch is taken into account. The Young’s modulus we measured for electrospun PCL fibres with diameters ranging from 100 to 400 nm was 0.48 ± 0.03 GPa, which is similar to the modulus of bulk PCL, with no apparent dependence on diameter. Our findings highlight the importance of the assumptions used in the analysis of bending data, as discounting the effects of axial stretch and pre-existing tension typically lead to an overestimate of the Young’s modulus.
Growth and characterization of Si1−<i>x</i>Ge<i>x</i> and Ge epilayers on (100) Si (1988)

Two approaches to the growth of high-quality epitaxial Ge epilayers on (100) Si have been investigated. The first consisted of compositional-grading Si1−xGex layers and the use of strained-layer superlattices as dislocation filters. In general, this method produced unsatisfactory results, due to the difficulty in achieving good epitaxial growth in the Ge concentration interval 30%−70%. The second approach consisted of simply depositing pure Ge directly on (100) Si. Excellent epitaxial films with dislocation densities of less than 107 cm−2 and smooth morphology were obtained after optimization of the growth parameters. The initial growth temperature and post-growth annealing were found to be critical in obtaining good epitaxial material.
The process to make a ridge- and fringe-field multidomain structure using a photoimageable polymer for a wide viewing angle liquid crystal display application (1999)

Liquid crystal display (LCD) is very important in the computer industry and many other areas. However, the application of LCD is limited by its narrow viewing angle, compared with a cathode ray tube (CRT) display. In this article a new type of LCD [ridge- and fringe field multidomain homeotropic (RFFMH) LCD], is introduced. In RFFMH LCD, a transparent photoimageable polymer resist is applied to build ridges on each pixel to control the liquid crystal pretilt direction. This photolithographic step imparts a wider viewing angle and simpler LCD production process. In this article the detailed process of building the ridge structure is described, and the thermal stability and chemical resistance of this polymer are studied. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 1197–1203, 1999
Metal ions and hydrogen peroxide. XX. On the kinetics and mechanism of the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, catalyzed by the Cu2+-2,2'-bipyridyl complex (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal ions and hydrogen peroxide. XX. On the kinetics and mechanism of the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, catalyzed by the Cu2+-2,2'-bipyridyl complexHelmut Sigel, Claus Flierl, and Rolf GriesserCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 5, 1061–1064Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01033a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01033a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views525Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A low-power parallel processor IC for digital video cameras (2001)

We present a digital signal processor to be combined with a 30 frames per second VGA-format CMOS or CCD image sensor or any other source of digital video data. The processor is fully programmable and therefore able to run a variety of algorithms ranging from image communication to machine vision. The IC comprises a parallel processor array and a special purpose controller to achieve high computational performances (up to 5 GOPS) with a very modest power consumption. This can go down to 30 mWatts for simple applications such as a digital camera for video conferencing. The chip has been realized in a 0.18 µm CMOS process and takes up an area of 22 mm2.
Monitoring nuclear reactor systems using neural networks and fuzzy logic (1991)

A new approach is presented that demonstrates the potential of trained artificial neural networks (ANNs) as generators of membership functions for the purpose of monitoring nuclear reactor systems. ANN`s provide a complex-to-simple mapping of reactor parameters in a process analogous to that of measurement. Through such ``virtual measurements`` the value of parameters with operational significance, e.g., control-valve-disk-position, valve-line-up or performance can be determined. In the methodology presented the output of a virtual measuring device is a set of membership functions which independently represent different states of the system. Utilizing a fuzzy logic representation offers the advantage of describing the state of the system in a condensed form, developed through linguistic descriptions and convenient for application in monitoring, diagnostics and generally control algorithms. The developed methodology is applied to the problem of measuring the disk position of the secondary flow control valve of an experimental reactor using data obtained during a start-up. The enhanced noise tolerance of the methodology is clearly demonstrated as well as a method for selecting the actual output. The results suggest that it is possible to construct virtual measuring devices through artificial neural networks mapping dynamic time series to a set of membership functions and thus enhance the capability of monitoring systems. 8 refs., 11 figs., 1 tab.
Thermodynamic considerations of acrylic cement implant at the site of giant cell tumors of the bone (1986)

A discussion of the thermodynamic aspects of a relatively new treatment method for giant cell tumors of the bone is presented in this paper. The advantages of implanting methylmethacrylate acrylic bone cement into a curetted tumor site are briefly discussed and placed in perspective relative to more prevalent surgical treatments. As the bone cement self-heats while curing, the possibility of heat necrosis in the bone exists. However, the damage due to heat may be beneficial in reducing the rate of tumor recurrence. A thermodynamic consideration of the treatment situation appears to be warranted. After a general introduction and a brief literature review, the theoretical thermodynamic equations are developed. Once the basic equations for the heat transfer from the cement or the bone are derived, there is then a discussion of the various characteristics of bone and methylmethacrylate crucial to the analysis, such as, thermal conductivity, specific heat, density, and heat generation parameters. Finally, in order to reduce the theory to a form which may be used practically, the equations derived are written in terms of finite-difference equations, which approximate them numerically. Different equations are written for each type of heat transfer condition encountered in the cement-bone system as spacial variances in material and geometry occur. The equations derived may be used to model the system allowing one to predict the time-dependent temperature distribution in bone during the curing of acrylic cement. Using computer techniques to reduce the equations obtained from this analysis, and knowing the temperature at which adjacent cells die, a zone of necrosis may be mapped surrounding the acrylic impact.
Work-Up-Free Deprotection of Borane Complexes of Phosphines, Phosphites, and Phosphinites with Polymer-Supported Amines (2006)

Borane complexes of phosphorus compounds, a very common oxidation-free relay for catalytic ligands (phosphines, phosphites, and phosphinites), can be easily deprotected by treatment with polymer-supported piperazine or N-methylpiperazine. Deprotection conditions have been optimized for the different types of phosphorus compounds, and the resulting solutions can be used without any intermediate work-up or purification process.
Studies on the Constituents of Turkish Plants. I. Flavonol Triglycosides from the Fruit of Rhamnus thymifolius. (1993)

Two new flavonol glycosides have been isolated from the fruit of Turkish Rhamnus thymifolius (Rhamnaceae) and their structures were elucidated as kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->3)-(4-O-acetyl)-O-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside and kaempferol-4'-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->3)-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->6)-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside based on spectral and chemical evidence.
<title>Optical actuators based on photorefractive materials controlled by holographic gratings</title> (2001)

All-optical actuators based on static or moving holographic gratings could have an advantage over current actuators because of their smaller size, less power and less RF interference. Instead of an ultrasonic wave produced by an electrically driven piezoelectric actuator as in ultrasonic motors, the wave resulted from mechanical deformation of the crystal caused by photo-generated electric charge distribution due to the converse piezoelectric effect. The charge distribution was periodical since it was produced by a holographic grating generated by two interfering coherent laser beams. Surface gratings associated with holographic volume gratings in photorefractive crystals of iron-doped lithium niobate have been studied using diffraction of a reflected probe beam and high-resolution phase-shifted interferometric profilometry. Both techniques show that the surface gratings do in fact exist in the form of periodical corrugations of the same period as that of the volume grating. The maximum amplitude of the surface grating measured by both techniques was close to 6.5 nm. We also demonstrated that the periodical electric forces on the surface were capable of assembling polystyrene microspheres along the fringes of the grating.
Absorción acústica en las aguas minerales (sin plenum) (2008)

Two hundred forty-six full-term, first-born well infants were randomly assigned to receive well-baby care during their first year in one of four ways: six visits by a physician; three visits by a physician; six visits by a pediatric nurse practitioner (PNP); or three visits by a PNP. One hundred sixteen of the study babies received care in a clinic setting and 130 in a private-practice setting. The adequacy of care rendered was assessed by measurement of gain in maternal knowledge important for competence in child-rearing, level of maternal satisfaction, degree of maternal compliance, and attainment of the health supervision planned. These endpoints were subjected to two-way and three-way analyses of variance to determine if there were differences across the setting, provider, or schedule variables. Essentially no differences were observed in the endpoints measured within settings between providers of care, between visit schedules, or between any of the provider and visit schedule combinations. These results indicate that well-baby care during the first year delivered by PNPs is as adequate as that delivered by physicians and the use of abbreviated visit schedules by either professional does not reduce the adequacy of care.
Fibre-Optic Hand Held Probe For Opto-Thermal In-vivo Skin Measurements (2002)

The potential of using opto-thermal radiometry for skin measurements is well known, but the current bench-top apparatus we use is not suitable for routine use and restricts in-vivo measurements to fingers and forearms. To overcome these shortcomings, we are developing a fibre optic opto-thermal hand held probe, designed for non-invasive, in vivo measurements on any skin site of human body. It uses one fibre (hollow waveguide for Q-switched Er:YAG and glass fibre for Q-switched Nd:YAG laser respectively) to deliver the excitation radiation to the sample surface and another fibre (silver halide) to collect the infrared radiation and send it to the infrared detector. We present details of the design of this probe and the experimental results using it on various skin sites, with different laser excitation sources.
The stiffness of normal and abnormal mitral valves. (2007)

The actual value of stiffness of normal and abnormal mitral valves and the relationships between stiffness and histological changes were obtained. A tactile sensor promptly and accurately shows stiffness of the heart valve indicating its histological state. It can be a useful device for cardiovascular surgery.