gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The X‐Ray Spectrum of the Seyfert I Galaxy Markarian 766: Dusty Warm Absorber or Relativistic Emission Lines? (2003)

Competing models for broad spectral features in the soft X-ray spectrum of the Seyfert I galaxy Mrk 766 are tested against data from a 130 ks XMM-Newton observation. A model including relativistically broadened Ly emission lines of O viii, N vii, and C vi is a better fit to 0.3-2 keV XMM RGS data than a dusty warm absorber. Moreover, the measured depth of neutral iron absorption lines in the spectrum is inconsistent with the magnitude of the iron edge required to produce the continuum break at 17-18 A in the dusty warm absorber model. The relativistic emission line model can reproduce the broadband (0.1-12 keV) XMM EPIC data with the addition of a fourth line to represent emission from ionized iron at 6.7 keV and an excess due to reflection at energies above the iron line. The profile of the 6.7 keV iron line is consistent with that measured for the low-energy lines. There is evidence in the RGS data, at the 3 level, of spectral features that vary with source flux. The covering fraction of warm absorber gas is estimated to be 12%. Iron in the warm absorber is found to be overabundant with respect to CNO, compared to solar values.
EFFECT OF PHOSPHATES UPON EXPERIMENTAL SKIN CALCINOSIS (1966)

Soft tissue calcinosis is produced at the site of subcutaneous injection of polymyxin in rats treated intravenously with lead acetate. This phenomenon is inhibited by ATP and pyro- and meta-phosphate, but is aggravated by mono- and di-basic orthosphosphate.
Watermarking for Image-Based Rendering via Homography-Based Virtual Camera Location Estimation (2007)

The recent advances in image based rendering (IBR) have pioneered freely determining the viewing position and angle in a scene from multi-view video. Remembering that a person could also record a personal video for this arbitrarily selected view and misuse this content, it is apparent that copyright and copy protection problems also exist and should be solved for IBR applications, as well. In our recent work (Alper Koz, 2006), we propose a watermarking method, which embeds the watermark pattern into every frame of multi-view video and extracts this watermark from a rendered image, generated by the nearest-interpolation based light-field rendering (LFR) and watermark detection is achieved for the cases in which the virtual camera could be arbitrarily located on the camera plane only. This paper presents an extension to the previous formulation for the rendered images, which are generated by using bilinear interpolation, namely the most attractive and promising interpolation method in LFR-based applications. Moreover, the location of the virtual camera could be completely arbitrary in this new formulation. The results show that the watermark could be extracted successfully for LFR via bilinear interpolation for any imagery camera location and rotation, as long as the visual quality of the rendered image is preserved.
Circular dichroism of nucleoside derivatives. V. Cytosine derivatives (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCircular dichroism of nucleoside derivatives. V. Cytosine derivativesDaniel W. Miles, Morris J. Robins, Roland K. Robins, Michael W. Winkley, and Henry EyringCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 4, 831–838Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01032a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01032a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views160Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Interaction of tachykinins with their receptors studied with cyclic analogues of substance P and neurokinin B. (1987)

The activities of two groups of cyclic agonists of substance P (SP) have been studied. The disulfide bridge constraints have been designed on the basis of conformational studies on SP and physalaemin indicating an alpha-helical structure for the core of these two tachykinins (group I) and a folding of the C-terminal carboxamide towards the side chains of the glutamines 5 and 6 (group II). Only peptides simulating the alpha-helix present substantial potencies. [Cys3,6]SP is as active as SP in inhibiting 125I-labeled Bolton and Hunter SP-specific binding on rat brain synaptosomes and on dog carotid bioassay, two assays specific for the neurokinin 1 receptor. Moreover, [Cys3,6]SP is as potent as neurokinin B in inhibiting 125I-labeled Bolton and Hunter eledoisin-specific binding on rat cortical synaptosomes as well as in stimulating rat portal vein, two tests specific for the neurokinin 3 receptor. Interestingly, in contrast to neurokinin B, [Cys3,6]SP is a weak agonist of the neurokinin 2 receptor subtype, as evidenced by its binding potency in inhibiting 3H-labeled neurokinin A-specific binding on rat duodenum and in inducing the contractions of the rabbit pulmonary artery, a neurokinin 2-type bioassay. To increase the specificity of the cyclic analogue [Cys3,6]SP positions 8 and 9 were modified. [Cys3,6, Tyr8, Ala9]SP is slightly less selective than SP for the neurokinin 1 receptor subtype. [Cys2,5]neurokinin B constitutes a selective cyclic agonist for the neurokinin 3 receptor. The very weak potencies of the peptides from group II indicate that a certain degree of flexibility in the C-terminal moiety is required. Collectively, these results suggest that the neurokinin 1 and neurokinin 3 tachykinin receptors may recognize a similar three-dimensional structure of the core of the tachykinins. Different orientations of the common C-terminal tripeptide may be related to the selectivity for the different receptor subtypes.
Disruption of Vector Transmission by a Plant-Expressed Viral Glycoprotein (2014)

Vector-borne viruses are a threat to human, animal, and plant health worldwide, requiring the development of novel strategies for their control. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is one of the 10 most economically significant plant viruses and, together with other tospoviruses, is a threat to global food security. TSWV is transmitted by thrips, including the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Previously, we demonstrated that the TSWV glycoprotein GN binds to thrips vector midguts. We report here the development of transgenic plants that interfere with TSWV acquisition and transmission by the insect vector. Tomato plants expressing GN-S protein supported virus accumulation and symptom expression comparable with nontransgenic plants. However, virus titers in larval insects exposed to the infected transgenic plants were three-log lower than insects exposed to infected nontransgenic control plants. The negative effect of the GN-S transgenics on insect virus titers persisted to adulthood, as shown by four-log lower virus titers in adults and an average reduction of 87% in transmission efficiencies. These results demonstrate that an initial reduction in virus infection of the insect can result in a significant decrease in virus titer and transmission over the lifespan of the vector, supportive of a dose-dependent relationship in the virus-vector interaction. These findings demonstrate that plant expression of a viral protein can be an effective way to block virus transmission by insect vectors.
Phosphazine, V. Eine neue Synthese von homologen α‐Ketoaldehyden aus Carbonsäuren (1963)

Abstract Die aus Diazoketonen und Triphenylphosphin entstehenden α‐Keto‐triphenyl‐phosphazine werden durch salpetrige Säure in wäßriger Tetrahydrofuranlösung in α‐Ketoaldehyde, Triphenylphosphinoxyd sowie N 2 und N 2 O gespalten. Die gleiche Umsetzung in absol. Alkoholen führt zu α‐Azido‐β‐ketoäthern. Der Mechanismus der Spaltungsreaktion wird diskutiert.
Predicting the in vivo developmental toxicity of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in rats by an in vitro–in silico approach (2021)

Developmental toxicity testing is an animal-intensive endpoints in toxicity testing and calls for animal-free alternatives. Previous studies showed the applicability of an in vitro-in silico approach for predicting developmental toxicity of a range of compounds, based on data from the mouse embryonic stem cell test (EST) combined with physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modelling facilitated reverse dosimetry. In the current study, the use of this approach for predicting developmental toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was evaluated, using benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as a model compound. A rat PBK model of BaP was developed to simulate the kinetics of its main metabolite 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHBaP), shown previously to be responsible for the developmental toxicity of BaP. Comparison to in vivo kinetic data showed that the model adequately predicted BaP and 3-OHBaP blood concentrations in the rat. Using this PBK model and reverse dosimetry, a concentration-response curve for 3-OHBaP obtained in the EST was translated into an in vivo dose-response curve for developmental toxicity of BaP in rats upon single or repeated dose exposure. The predicted half maximal effect doses (ED<sub>50</sub>) amounted to 67 and 45 mg/kg bw being comparable to the ED<sub>50</sub> derived from the in vivo dose-response data reported for BaP in the literature, of 29 mg/kg bw. The present study provides a proof of principle of applying this in vitro-in silico approach for evaluating developmental toxicity of BaP and may provide a promising strategy for predicting the developmental toxicity of related PAHs, without the need for extensive animal testing.
Two states or not two states: Single-molecule folding studies of protein L (2017)

Experimental tools of increasing sophistication have been employed in recent years to study protein folding and misfolding. Folding is considered a complex process, and one way to address it is by studying small proteins, which seemingly possess a simple energy landscape with essentially only two stable states, either folded or unfolded. The B1-IgG binding domain of protein L (PL) is considered a model two-state folder, based on measurements using a wide range of experimental techniques. We applied single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) spectroscopy in conjunction with a hidden Markov model analysis to fully characterize the energy landscape of PL and to extract the kinetic properties of individual molecules of the protein. Surprisingly, our studies revealed the existence of a third state, hidden under the two-state behavior of PL due to its small population, ∼7%. We propose that this minority intermediate involves partial unfolding of the two C-terminal β strands of PL. Our work demonstrates that single-molecule FRET spectroscopy can be a powerful tool for a comprehensive description of the folding dynamics of proteins, capable of detecting and characterizing relatively rare metastable states that are difficult to observe in ensemble studies.
Faster SVD-Truncated Least-Squares Regression (2014)

We develop a fast algorithm for computing the "SVD-truncated" regularized solution to the least-squares problem: $ \min_{\x} \TNorm{\matA \x - \b}. $ Let $\matA_k$ of rank $k$ be the best rank $k$ matrix computed via the SVD of $\matA$. Then, the SVD-truncated regularized solution is: $ \x_k = \pinv{\matA}_k \b. $ If $\matA$ is $m \times n$, then, it takes $O(m n \min\{m,n\})$ time to compute $\x_k $ using the SVD of \math{\matA}. We give an approximation algorithm for \math{\x_k} which constructs a rank-\math{k} approximation $\tilde{\matA}_{k}$ and computes $ \tilde{\x}_{k} = \pinv{\tilde\matA}_{k} \b$ in roughly $O(\nnz(\matA) k \log n)$ time. Our algorithm uses a randomized variant of the subspace iteration. We show that, with high probability: $ \TNorm{\matA \tilde{\x}_{k} - \b} \approx \TNorm{\matA \x_k - \b}$ and $\TNorm{\x_k - \tilde\x_k} \approx 0. $
Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Chinese patients (2002)

There is a predominance of males, unilaterality, and macular location of polyps in Chinese patients with PCV. The overall visual prognosis is guarded regardless of treatment. There is a large amount of variation in the natural course of PCV among different ethnic groups.
Outcomes after Implantable Contact Lens for Moderate to High Myopia (2004)

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, predictability and subjective symptoms of the implantable contact lens to treat moderate to high myopia. Methods: A Staar Collamer posterior chamber phakic IOL was implanted in 83 eyes of 44 patients with spherical equivalent -10.10D (-3.87-19.37D). Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refraction, adverse events, subjective quality of vision and satisfaction were evaluated. Mean follow-up was 4.9 months (39 months). Results: All patients had a UCVA of 0.7 or better, and 61.4% had UCVA of 1.0 or better. Gains of 2 or more lines of BCVA occurred in 15 eyes (18.1%). Mean spherical equivalent refraction at postoperative 3 months was -0.37D (+0.25-1.75D) and remained stable. There was no change in cylinder diopters. 81.9% of eyes were within 0.5D, and 97.6% were within 1.0D of predicted refraction. Glare and halo was observed in 5 eyes (6%) after laser iridotomy, lens flipping in 1 eye (1.2%), corneal edema in 2eyes (2.4%), drug induced ocular hypertension in 4eyes (4.8%). There was no case of cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment, and lens dislocation. There was significant decrease of pupil diameter at postoperative 1 month and decreased pupil diameter was maintained until the last examination. Generally patient satisfaction was very good. But, some patients reported poor in the category of glare and halo. Conclusions: ICL implantation had good visual, refractive results, and stability. Long term follow-up is required to confirm the significant complications that do not occur in most patients over time.
TCAD Simulation and Analysis of Selective Buried Oxide MOSFET Dynamic Power (2019)

Low power consumption has become one of the major requirements for most microelectronic devices and systems. Increasing power dissipation may lead to decreasing system efficiency and lifetime. The BULK metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) has relatively high power dissipation and low frequency response due to its internal capacitances. Although the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFET was introduced to resolve these limitations, other challenges were introduced including the kink effect in the current-voltage characteristics. The selective buried oxide (SELBOX) MOSFET was then suggested to resolve the problem of the kink effect. The authors have previously investigated and reported the characteristics of the SELBOX structure in terms of kink effect, frequency, thermal and static power characteristics. In this paper, we continue our investigation by presenting the dynamic power characteristics of the SELBOX structure and compare that with the BULK and SOI structures. The simulated fabrication of the three devices was conducted using Silvaco TCAD tools in 90 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Simulation results show that the average dynamic power dissipation of the CMOS BULK, SOI and SELBOX are compatible at high frequencies with approximately 54.5 µW. At low frequencies, the SOI and SELBOX showed comparable dynamic power dissipation but with lower values than the BULK structure. The difference in power dissipation between the SELBOX and BULK is in the order of nano watts. This power difference becomes significant at the chip level. For instance, at 1 MHz, SOI and SELBOX exhibit an average dynamic power consumption of 0.0026 µW less than that of the BULK structure. This value cannot be ignored when a chip operates using thousands or millions of SOI or SELBOX MOSFETs.
Impurity effects on the generation, velocity, and immobilization of dislocations in GaAs (1989)

The effects of various kinds of impurities, Al, In, Si, Te, and Zn, on the dynamic behavior of dislocations in GaAs crystals are investigated. The dislocation generation from a surface scratch is suppressed by the doping of the impurities. Generally, the suppression effect of any given kind of impurities depends on the type of dislocations to be generated. However, no systematic dependence on the size misfit or the electrical activity of the impurity atom is found in the suppression efficiency. The immobilization of originally fresh dislocations due to aging at elevated temperature is investigated. The results are interpreted to be due to the gettering of impurities by the dislocations. The feature of the suppression effect in dislocation generation is well correlated to that of the dislocation immobilization due to impurity gettering. It is concluded that the suppression of dislocation generation by impurity doping originates from dislocation immobilization due to impurity gettering. Isovalent impurities are found not to affect the velocities of dislocations of any type in motion. On the other hand, the effect of electrically active impurities on dislocation velocity depends on both the electrical property of the impurities and the type of dislocations in motion.
Size Exclusion Chromatography of Polyamides (1988)

Abstract We report here a new chromatographic method for characterization of polyamides and polyether-block-amide copolymers by Size Exclusion Chromatography. First, it concerns absolute characterization of polyamide probes by classical light scattering and Ubbelohde viscometry measurements and the choice of narrow distribution standards to calibrate the GPC system. The GPC analysis of polyamides 6, 11, 12 and copolymers is based upon the dual detection refractometer/on-line continuous viscometer at 130°C using columns packed with cross-linked polystyrene gels, benzyl alcohol as mobile phase and polytetrahydrofuran standards for calibration. The main results are absolute average molecular weights and distribution curve, intrinsic viscosity and viscosity law. In addition, viscometric data produced evidence of long-chain branching occuring beyond a limiting molecular weight in some polyamide 12 samples.
Abstract 5061: Induction of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by BCR/ABL requires c-Myb and its activation of Bmi-1 (2010)

Abstract Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL), carrying the e1a2 fusion BCR/ABL oncogene, is typically an aggressive B cell leukemia, often resistant to current treatment options. The transcription factor c-Myb plays a critical role in B cell development, but its role in B cell leukemia is unknown. To study the role of c-Myb in BCR/ABL-induced lymphoblastic leukemia, we compared disease induction, latency and survival in mice expressing the BCR/ABL transgene in a c-Myb knockout versus a wild-type background. BCR/ABL+Myb+/− mice show a distinct leukemia-resistant phenotype, whereas, BCR/ABL+Myb+/+ mice exhibit rapid induction of disease with shortened survival. Using microarray analysis to examine differential gene expression, we have identified putative downstream targets of c-Myb which play a role in leukemogenesis. Subsequent use of gene overexpression, RNAi for target gene knockdown and chIP have identified the polycomb gene, Bmi-1, as a target of c-Myb transactivation. Furthermore, inhibition of the p19ARF tumor suppressor, a Bmi-1 target, may be essential to the induction of ALL by BCR/ABL. In this report, we describe the essential role that c-Myb and its activation of Bmi-1, play in BCR/ABL-induced leukemogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5061.
Electronic Interaction Theory for Transverse-wave Couplers† (1963)

This paper is concerned with a general theoretical analysis of the interaction between transverse waves propagating on a filamentary electron beam and electromagnetic circuits. The class of circuits considered is that for which the transverse electric and magnetic fields are symmetric with respect to the z-axis. Aside from this restriction on the symmetry properties, the analysis is quite general in the sense that the transverse electric and magnetic field components are arbitrary functions of axial distance. Therefore, the analysis is valid for a variety of circuit configurations, ranging from simple coupler circuits, serving the purpose of coupling r.f. power in and out of the beam in r.f. and d.c.-pumped devices, to transverse travelling-wave tubes and multi-cavity klystrons. The transverse field components in pump circuits used for parametric pumping and d.c. pumping of transverse waves are all antisymmetric with respect to the z-axis and are therefore excluded from the present analysis. The material contained in the paper deals almost exclusively with the electronic part of the interaction, that is, how the transverse beam waves are affected by a specified electromagnetic circuit field. The merit of this approach is that it preserves generality, and leads to results which hold regardless of the details of the circuit configuration. Specifically, the analysis leads to the establishment of criteria for selective coupling to one or several transverse waves, expressed in terms of coupling integrals; it deals with power relations and discusses various methods of calculating the exchange of power between the beam waves and transverse circuit fields; it proves conclusively that the established form of the kinetic power conservation theorem is correct under the most general circumstances; and finally, the analysis deals with the question of whether or not the transverse waves are monoenergetic. It is shown that the waves generally are not monoenergetic, but carry a second-harmonic longitudinal modulation representing a spread in energy which under certain circumstances is comparable to the r.f. energy carried by the waves. The energy spread depends on the details of the circuit field used for launching the waves, and is identically zero only for circularly polarized fields.
Control of carbohydrate intake in young and adult animals. (1980)

The ability of specific brain neurons to synthesize, and release, their neurotransmitters, can change each time eating occurs. Studies in animals of drug-induced increase in serotonin transmission led to the conclusion that serotonin selectively decreases carbohydate intake but permits protein consumption to remain unchanged. The implications of this are discussed.