gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer modelling of waiting time jitter in digital transport networks (1991)

A computer modelling technique is described for the prediction and evaluation of waiting time jitter generation characteristics. The traditional analysis approach has been to apply existing theoretical models which assume ideal circuit implementations and are limited to simple multiplex formats. Time domain simulation techniques based on bit-by-bit sampling have been employed more recently to successfully include the effects of practical realization and complicated formats. An important distinction in this method is that sampling is performed at the frame rate instead of the typically much higher line rate. Nearly identical jitter predictions are obtained using both sampling methods, however significant computational complexity is avoided by calculating phase samples on a frame basis. Time domain methods for the calculation of peak-to-peak and RMS jitter, and frequency domain methods for the calculation of waiting time jitter power spectral densities are also discussed.
Optimization of Lithium Conductivity in La/Li Titanates. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Augmentation of Rabbit Flexor Tendon Healing (2015)

High dose stem cells attenuated adhesions in the early time point following flexor tendon repair. Further work is needed determine the value of stem cell therapy in flexor tendon healing in humans.
Assessment of low vitamin D among Saudi Arabians. Did we overshoot the runway? (2014)

Levels of 25-OHD and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency are dependent on the assay used. The reported high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among the Saudi population can be partially explained by the use of assays that underestimate vitamin D levels.
Ear field adaptive noise control for snoring: an real-time experimental approach (2019)

In this paper, an active noise control (ANC) system is developed to provide an effective and non-intrusive solution for reducing loud snoring to provide a quiet environment for a snorer's bed partner. An adaptive least mean square (LMS) algorithm optimized for different kinds of snore signals is introduced and theoretically analyzed. Also, a residual noise masking approach is proposed to further reduce the effect of the snore noise without interfering with the LMS algorithm. Computer simulations followed by real-time experiments are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the snore ANC systems based on a pillow setup. For the optimum effect based on the characteristics of human hearing, the performance of the proposed approach is evaluated by using the multi-channel feedforward ANC systems based on the filtered-X least mean square (FXLMS) algorithm. Compared with a traditional headboard setup for snoring noise control, the proposed snore ANC systems optimized for ear field operation yield much higher noise reduction around the ears of the snorer's bed partner.
Plasma pharmacokinetics of warfarin enantiomers in cats (2000)

The purpose of this study was to determine the dispositions of S‐warfarin and R‐warfarin in normal cats following intravenous and oral administrations of racemic warfarin. Citrated blood samples were collected from 10 cats prior to and at times 5, 15, and 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h following a single intravenous bolus of 0.5 mg/kg of racemic warfarin. After a 21‐day washout period, samples were then similarly collected in three groups of four cats for 120 h following oral administration of 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/kg racemic warfarin. S‐warfarin and R‐warfarin were detected using a high‐performance liquid chromatography assay validated for cat plasma. Drug concentration–time curves were subjected to non‐compartmental analysis. Median pharmacokinetic parameters associated with the intravenous administration of 0.5 mg/kg racemic warfarin were as follows: t 1/2 (S:28.2, R:18.3 h), area under the plasma concentration–time curve ( AUC ; S:33.0, R:24.6 h*μg/mL), area under the moment curve ( AUMC ; S:1889, R:527.8 h*h*μg/mL), and mean residence time (MRT; S:38.7, R:20.9 h). For each parameter, S‐warfarin was significantly different from R‐warfarin ( P <0.05). Warfarin was absorbed rapidly after oral administration, and the dosage did not affect the time to maximum concentration (S:0.87, R:0.75 h). Oral dosage significantly influenced maximum plasma concentration (ng/mL, S:1267, R:1355 at 0.5 mg/kg; S:614.9, R:679.4 at 0.25 mg/kg; S:250.5, R:367.6 at 0.1 mg/kg), AUC (h*μg/mL, S:45.12, R:30.91 at 0.5 mg/kg; S:22.98:, R:18.99 at 0.25 mg/kg; S:3.922, R:3.570 at 0.1 mg/kg) and AUMC (h*h*μg/mL, S:2135, R:1062 at 0.5 mg/kg; S:943.1, R:599.9 at 0.25 mg/kg; S:132.2, R:59.03 at 0.1 mg/kg), but not t 1/2 (S:23.5, R:11.6 h) nor MRT (S:26.3, R:13.5 h). Both warfarin enantiomers were highly (>96.5%) protein‐bound. Quantitation of the warfarin content in commercially available tablets indicated an unequal distribution of the drug throughout the tablet.
Phase I Study of Interleukin-2 Combined with Interferon-α and 5-Fluorouracil in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer (1994)

Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) each has produced a 15%-20% response in metastatic renal cell cancer. Combining IFN-alpha with either IL-2 or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) enhanced IFN-alpha activity. We have therefore conducted a Phase I Study combining IL-2, IFN-alpha, and 5-FU. The patients were continuously infused with IL-2 (1-3 x 10(6) u/m2) and 5-FU (600-750 mg/m2) for a 5-day period every 28 days, and IFN-alpha (4-5 x 10(6) u/m2) was injected subcutaneously daily. Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) and natural killer (NK) cell activity was measured on days 0 and 8. Twenty-one patients received 76 courses. All primary tumors were controlled by surgery (81%) or angioinfarction. Hematologic toxicity was mild; median nadir of platelets was 117 K/microL and of granulocytes was 1.2 K/microL. Dose-limiting toxicity included mucositis, liver damage, and hypotension. No treatment-related death occurred, and only one patient required intensive-care-unit support. Two patients had an objective response, one of which was a complete response. Increased LAK cell and NK cell activity occurred at all IL-2 dose levels. Simultaneous delivery of IL-2, IFN-alpha, and 5-FU is safe and shows antitumor and biologic activity. 5-FU did not appear to suppress IL-2-induced LAK and NK cell activation. Maximum tolerated dose of the three-drug combination is IL-2, 2 x 10(6) u/m2, 5-FU 600 mg/m2, and IFN-alpha, 4 x 10(6) u/m2.
Role of MgO in Sinter from Perspective of MgO Distribution between Liquid and Magnetite Phases in FeO<sub>x</sub>–CaO–SiO<sub>2</sub>–MgO System (2017)

The chemical compositions of liquid in equilibrium with FeOx in the FeOx–CaO–SiO2–MgO system at 1573 K and oxygen partial pressures of 10−7 atm and 10−6 atm have been determined along with the MgO concentrations in the liquid and FeOx phases to understand the role of MgO in improvement of reducibility of the sinter produced from deteriorated iron ores. The liquid area in the FeOx–rich side was decreased with additions of MgO over the measurement range of C/S ratios between 0.32 and 2.28, and was separated into silicate–based and calcium ferrite–based liquid phases, where 2CaO·SiO2 phase becomes stable thermodynamically in the C/S ratios between 1.66 and 1.96. The ratio of MgO concentration in the liquid phase to that in the FeOx phase decreased with increasing C/S ratio from 0.36 to 2.28, which trend has been explained from the viewpoint of basicity. On the basis of these findings, the role of MgO in improvement of reducibility of the sinter has been discussed to conclude that additions of MgO make the cohesive zone thinner and improves the gas permeability in a blast furnace.
Role of endothelin‐1 in the hyper‐responsiveness to nitrovasodilators following acute NOS inhibition (2011)

These data suggest that the increased sensitivity to NO donors is mediated, at least in part, by ET-1 in vivo, and the mechanism may involve the conversion of bET-1 to ET-1.
Adherence to general surgery prophylaxis guidelines at Alder Hey Children's Hospital (2013)

<h3>Objective</h3> The aim of surgical prophylaxis is to reduce the risk of developing surgical site infections. SIGN guidelines<sup>1</sup> suggest that in most cases a single dose of antibiotic with a long enough half-life to achieve activity throughout the procedure prevents surgical site infections, and that antibiotics selected for prophylaxis must cover the expected pathogens and should take into account local resistance patterns. Local guidelines for surgical prophylaxis are essential to ensure that the risks of surgical site infection and the development of antibiotic resistance are minimised. The objective of this audit is to determine adherence with the recently introduced Trust guidelines for prophylaxis in general surgery procedures.<sup>2</sup> <h3>Method</h3> A prospective study of general surgery procedures was undertaken over an 8-week period. Patient9s case notes, operative sheets and drug charts were reviewed and data collected on whether antibiotics were prescribed, choice of antibiotic, dose, duration, and switch to oral therapy. Data was analysed and tabulated in Microsoft Excel. <h3>Results</h3> 59 patients were included in the audit. In 24 cases, the patient did not receive prophylaxis. 11 of these cases (46%) should have received prophylaxis according to the Trust9s guideline. Fourty-two (49%) of the prescribed doses of antibiotics were not in accordance with doses recommended in the BNFc or the Trust care pathways, and the majority of these doses were lower doses than recommended. For those patients prescribed antibiotics, duration was documented in 13(62%) case notes and on 5(24%) drug charts. In 8(38%) cases the prescribed duration was in accordance with the Trust9s guideline. None of the 10 cases that lasted >3 h received a second dose of antibiotic during surgery. There was one case with a documented meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) positive status that did not have cefuroxime changed to teicoplanin and gentamicin as per the Trust guideline. Overall adherence with all parts of the Trust guideline was 31%. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This audit showed that overall adherence with the Trust guideline was low. Problems highlighted were: Prophylaxis was indicated but not prescribed in a number of cases. Duration of antibiotics was often longer than recommended. Antibiotic doses selected were frequently lower than that required. Patients were not re-dosed with antibiotics during prolonged procedures. MRSA positive patient did not receive appropriate prophylactic antibiotics. These problems could increase the risk of surgical site infections and encourage the development of antibiotic-resistant organisms. This audit shows that there is a lack of awareness of the guidelines amongst staff, in particular the General Surgeons and Ward Pharmacists. The findings of this audit will be presented to the General Surgeons to publicise the local guidelines, and to Ward pharmacists to encourage them to be more proactive in ensuring adherence to guidelines.
Electrohydrodynamic instability of the interface between two fluids confined in a channel (2005)

The stability of the interface between two dielectric fluids confined between parallel plates subjected to a normal electric field in the zero Reynolds number limit is studied analytically using linear and weakly nonlinear analyses, and numerically using a thin-layer approximation for long waves and the boundary element technique for waves with wavelength comparable to the fluid thickness. Both the perfect dielectric and leaky dielectric models are studied. The perfect dielectric model is applicable for nonconducting fluids, whereas the leaky dielectric fluid model is applicable to fluids where the time scale for charge relaxation, (ϵϵ0∕σ), is small compared to the fluid time scale (μR∕Γ), where ϵ0 is the dielectric permittivity of the free space, ϵ and σ are the dielectric constant and the conductivity of the fluid, μ and Γ are the fluid viscosity and surface tension, and R is the characteristic length scale. The linear stability analysis shows that the interface becomes unstable when the applied potential exceeds a critical value, and the critical potential depends on the ratio of dielectric constants, electrical conductivities, thicknesses of the two fluids, and surface tension. The critical potential is found to be lower for leaky dielectrics than for perfect dielectrics. The weakly nonlinear analysis shows that the bifurcation is supercritical in a small range of ratio of dielectric constants when the wavelength is comparable to the film thickness, and subcritical for all other values of dielectric constant ratio in the long-wave limit. The thin-film and boundary integral calculations are in agreement with the weakly nonlinear analysis, and the boundary integral calculation indicates the presence of a secondary subcritical bifurcation at a potential slightly larger than the critical potential when the instability is supercritical. When a mean shear flow is applied to the fluids, the critical potential for the instability increases, and the flow tends to alter the nature of the bifurcation from subcritical to supercritical.
A Television Bar Graph Generator (1966)

Bar graph displays are applicable in many industrial, research and educational areas. The device described is used with standard TV systems to provide a graphic display of eight or more separate input signals in the form of a series of vertical bars, the height of each being proportional to the associated input voltage. Design philosophy permits flexible and effective displays including mixing with normal TV images, special bar identification, and color options. Equipment is compact and relatively low in cost.
CMET-16. THE ROLE OF SURGICAL RESECTION OF MELANOMA BRAIN METASTASES IN THE IMMUNOTHERAPY ERA (2018)

Immune checkpoint blockade has systemic efficacy in patients with metastatic melanoma, including those with brain metastases. However, immunotherapy-induced intracranial tumoral inflammation can lead to neurologic compromise, requiring steroids, which abrogate the systemic efficacy of this approach. We hypothesize that early surgical intervention creates an opportunity for improved survival amongst patients undergoing immune checkpoint blockade for metastatic melanoma. An IRB approved, single institution retrospective study identified 142 patients with melanoma brain metastases treated with immune checkpoint blockade. Overall survival was calculated from date of diagnosis of brain metastasis until death from any cause. Model building included a prognostic model of overall survival and the effect of sequencing of immunotherapy and surgery on overall survival. The 2-year overall survival for patients treated with CTLA-4, PD-1 or combinatorial blockade were 19%, 54%, and 57%, respectively. Patients undergoing surgery for melanoma brain metastases prior to immunotherapy had a median survival of 22.7 months (95% CI: 12.6 to 39.2) compared to 9.3 months (95% CI: 5.7 to 31.1) for patients undergoing surgery after immunotherapy (P=0.06). Amongst surgical patients, the sequence of immunotherapy, diagnosis of brain metastases, and surgery was significantly associated with the hazard of death (P=0.002). Surgery for treatment-naïve intracranial disease followed by immunotherapy is associated with increased overall survival compared to patients who underwent surgery for brain metastases that developed on immunotherapy (HR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.4 to 6.1). These results suggest that in treatment-naïve patients, early surgical resection for local control should be considered prior to commencing immunotherapy.
High resolution properties of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (1994)

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) participated in the Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment (CEPEX) by fielding a water-vapor Raman lidar on board the Research Vessel Vickers. The lidar measured water vapor concentration from the surface to lower tropospheric altitudes in order to support the CEPEX goal of evaluating a hypothesis regarding feedback mechanisms for global circulation models. This report describes some of the features observed within the marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) and the lower troposphere. Data was collected continuously 24 hours per day over the equatorial Pacific from March 8th to March 2 1st of 1993 while in route between Guadalcanal and Christmas Island (the transect was at approximately 2{degree} south latitude). The lidar collected vertical transects of water vapor concentration up to 10 km during night operations and 4 km in the day. The vertical lidar profiles of water vapor were produced by summing the data over a period up to 600 seconds. The water-vapor Raman lidar measured the properties of the marine ABL as well as the lower and mid-troposphere. From the lidar water vapor profiles, ``images`` of water vapor concentration versus altitude and date or sea surface temperature will be produced along with other products such as latent heat fluxes. The Raman water vapor lidar data will be used to better understand the role of transport and exchange at the ocean-atmosphere interface and throughout the marine atmosphere.
Chronic Intrinsic Transient Tracheal Occlusion Elicits Diaphragmatic Muscle Fiber Remodeling in Conscious Rodents (2012)

The results suggest that the magnitude of the load was more influential in altering fiber cross-sectional area than extended-duration conditioning sessions. The results also indicated that ITTO was associated with type II fiber hypertrophy in the medial costal region of the diaphragm and may be an advantageous experimental model of clinical respiratory muscle strength training.
Delayed Hypersensitivity to Catechols (1971)

Abstract We have studied the fate of two chemicals related to poison ivy catechols after their administration to guinea pigs by the topical and oral routes. Tritiated pentadecylcatechol (PDC), a sensitizer and a tolerogen, and tritiated pentadecylveratrole (PDV), a nonsensitizer and nontolerogen, were rapidly absorbed into the serum after administration by either route and were also found in tissues in excess of their serum content. Although serum levels of PDC were higher than those of PDV after topical administration, the reverse was true after the oral route. Excretion of both chemicals was mainly via the feces but some was also found in urine. Because of the persistence of PDC (and to a lesser extent of PDV) in the bile (but not the serum and urine) an enterohepatic circulation of these materials was felt to exist and to be related to the induction of tolerance. After topical administration of PDC a biphasic pattern of radioactive uptake was found in the draining but not the opposite inguinal lymph nodes. Radioactivity rapidly declined in the draining nodes after the onset of sensitivity. The draining lymph nodes of PDV-treated animals showed a saturation-like uptake of radioactivity with only slight decline over the month after administration. There was no difference between draining mesenteric and nondraining inguinal nodes after oral PDC or PDV; after oral PDC, however, a rapid uptake and loss of radioactivity occurred which was not due to serum entrapment by the nodes. This data suggests that the induction of tolerance is associated with the entry of free PDC or its metabolites into the lymph nodes via the blood stream whereas sensitization is associated with entry via the lymphatics. PDC was rapidly cleared from the site of application after the onset of sensitivity; the rate of PDV skin clearance was constant. It is possible that delayed contact sensitivity is associated with a phenomenon similar to the immune clearance of soluble antigens.
Evaluation of Seismic Condition of Equipment Based on Soil-Structure Interaction Analysis Considering Seismic Motion Incoherency (2019)

It has been clarified from observation of the seismic ground motions by the density array that the seismic ground motions acting on structures are spatially scattering and become incoherent caused by the variation of soil properties, delay or differences path of wave propagation. In this study, to grasp the effect of the seismic ground motion incoherency on the seismic response of a deeply embedment structure, structure-soil interaction analysis by dynamic substruction method were performed and in-structure response spectra which referred to as the seismic condition of the equipment installed in the structure were evaluated. As a result of the seismic analysis of Advanced Boiling Water Reactor Building with deeply embedding located at the hard rock site, it was confirmed that the response acceleration of the frequency component over 8 Hz decreases due to the ground motion incoherency, and that the tendency becomes remarkable at 20~50 Hz with large amplitude in the seismic ground motion. From comparison of the seismic response of the deeply embedment structure and the surface mounted structure excited by coherent and incoherent seismic ground motion, it was confirmed that the reduction of the response acceleration amplitude at the high frequency range due to the seismic ground motion incoherency was equivalent in both situation.
Small-vessel stents for intracranial angioplasty: in vitro comparison of different stent designs and sizes by using CT angiography. (2003)

CT angiographic evaluation of small-vessel patency after stent placement is considerably impaired by ALN. Stent manufacturers should be aware of potential artifacts caused by their stents during noninvasive diagnostic studies such as CT angiography.
Die prospektive, multizentrische WSG-BCIST Decision Impact Studie beim postmenopausalen ER+ HER2- N0 frühen Mammakarzinom unterstützt die molekulare Testung für intrinsischen Subtypen (2015)

Prosigna® ist ein standardisierter Test zur Bestimmung des Expressionslevels von 50 Genen (PAM50) beim frühen Mammakarzinom. Am formalin-fixierten, paraffinierten Tumormaterial kann die nCounter Technologie (NanoString® Technologies, Inc., Seattle, WA) die Expression der Zielgene ermitteln. Dabei werden die intrinsischen Subtypen und ein „risk of recurrence“ (ROR) Score ermittelt, der die 10-Jahres Wahrscheinlichkeit für ein Rezidiv vorhersagen kann. Der Test wurde retrospektiv im Rahmen der ABCSG 8 und TransATAC Studien validiert. Die WSG-BCIST Studie evaluiert den Einfluss von Prosigna auf die systemische Therapieentscheidung.