gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DYNAMIC EVOLUTION CHARACTER OF STRESS FIELD AND SEISMICITY IN NORTH PART OF CHINESE NORTH-SOUTH SEISMIC BELT (2003)

The character of dynamic variation of stress field in north part of Chinese northsouth seismic belt is analysed, and comparing with data of some earthquake precursor observations, the relationship between the variation of stress field and seismicity is studied. At last the mechanism of the variation and the possibility of using it to protect earthquake are discussed.
Exploiting the hypoxic cancer cell: mechanisms and therapeutic (2000)

SOLID tumours make up more than 90% of all of human cancers.They grow from a single, mutated normal cell and lead to significantmorbidity and mortality either from growth of the tumour into sur-rounding normal tissue (as in the case of brain tumours) or, for mostcancers, by metastasizing to vital organs throughout the body such asthe lungs and liver. To grow beyond a small focus of tumour cells,however, the newly developing cancer, whether it is the original tu-mour or a metastasis, has to develop its own blood supply, which itdoes by stimulating the growth of cells from surrounding vessels intothe tumour, a process known as angiogenesis. However, these newlyformed blood vessels in the tumour are very different from normal vas-culature. They are typically highly irregular and tortuous, have arterio-venous shunts and blind ends, lack smooth muscle or nerves and haveincomplete endothelial linings and basement membranes (Fig. 1). As aresult, blood flow is often sluggish and highly irregular, making thedelivery of oxygen and nutrients to the tumour cells much less efficientthan it is in normal tissues. In turn, this leads to low overall levels ofoxygen in most tumours, with many areas extremely hypoxic. This oc-curs because tumour cells are further from blood vessels than the nor-mal diffusion distance of oxygen (about 100 mm) – the so-called chronic hypoxic cells – and because temporary stopping ofblood flow through a particular vessel generates acutely hypoxic cells.Studies using oxygen electrode measurements have demonstratedlow oxygen levels in a variety of human solid tumours, including thoseof the brain, head and neck, breast, cervix and soft tissue sarcomas.Whereas normal tissues typically have median oxygen concentrationsin the range 40–60 mmHg, half of all solid tumours have median val-ues less than 10 mmHg with fewer than 10% in the normal range
Symmetry and Asymmetry of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complexes from <i>Azotobacter vinelandii</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> as Reflected by Fluorescence and Spin‐Label Studies (1976)

Fluorescence‐lifetime measurements of FAD bound to lipoamide dehydrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii and Escherichia coli were performed. It is shown from these results that the two FAD groups in the isolated dimeric enzyme, as well as in the enzyme in the intact complex of E. coli , are in non‐equivalent surroundings. This contrasts with the near equivalence of the FAD groups of both the enzyme and complex isolated from A. vinelandii . Reduction of the complex with Mg 2+ , thiamine pyrophosphate and pyruvate or with NADH enables the attachment of a maleimide analogue specifically to the lipoyl moieties of the transacetylase(s). Spin label [ N ‐(1‐oxyl‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethyl‐3‐pyrrolidinyl)maleimide] introduced in such a way proves the existence of at least two different micro‐environments around the lipoyl moieties in complex isolated from A. vinelandii . Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of the specifically spin‐labelled complexes from E. coli and A. vinelandii , when dissolved in tricine [ N ‐tris(hydroxymethyl)‐methylglycine] buffer, show interactions of at least two electron spins with each other, which indicate that the lipoyl moieties are rather close together. Fluorescent label [ N ‐(1‐anilinonaphthyl‐4)maleimide] is specifically attached to the lipoyl moiety of the high‐ M r transacetylase of the freshly isolated complex from A. vinelandii . From the large differences in the apparent lifetimes τ p and τ m , as detected by phase fluorimetry, it is shown that this fluorescent label is distributed in different micro‐environments. The differences observed in energy transfer between fluorescent label, attached to the lipoyl moiety of the high‐ M r transacetylase, indicate different conformations of the complex from A. vinelandii . Upon introduction of the label after reduction with NADH a much larger energy transfer, thus a shorter distance, is observed between the label and FAD than when reduction is performed with Mg 2+ , thiamine pyrophosphate and pyruvate. A similar conformation dependence upon reduction is found for the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from E. coli . It is thus proposed that the transacetylase of E. coli and the high‐ M r transacetylase of A. vinelandii are both non‐symmetrically distributed within the complex.
A Functional Screen Identifies Lateral Transfer of  -Glucuronidase (gus) from Bacteria to Fungi (2004)

Lateral gene transfer (LGT) from prokaryotes to microbial eukaryotes is usually detected by chance through genome-sequencing projects. Here, we explore a different, hypothesis-driven approach. We show that the fitness advantage associated with the transferred gene, typically invoked only in retrospect, can be used to design a functional screen capable of identifying postulated LGT cases. We hypothesized that beta-glucuronidase (gus) genes may be prone to LGT from bacteria to fungi (thought to lack gus) because this would enable fungi to utilize glucuronides in vertebrate urine as a carbon source. Using an enrichment procedure based on a glucose-releasing glucuronide analog (cellobiouronic acid), we isolated two gus(+) ascomycete fungi from soils (Penicillium canescens and Scopulariopsis sp.). A phylogenetic analysis suggested that their gus genes, as well as the gus genes identified in genomic sequences of the ascomycetes Aspergillus nidulans and Gibberella zeae, had been introgressed laterally from high-GC gram(+) bacteria. Two such bacteria (Arthrobacter spp.), isolated together with the gus(+) fungi, appeared to be the descendants of a bacterial donor organism from which gus had been transferred to fungi. This scenario was independently supported by similar substrate affinities of the encoded beta-glucuronidases, the absence of introns from fungal gus genes, and the similarity between the signal peptide-encoding 5' extensions of some fungal gus genes and the Arthrobacter sequences upstream of gus. Differences in the sequences of the fungal 5' extensions suggested at least two separate introgression events after the divergence of the two main Euascomycete classes. We suggest that deposition of glucuronides on soils as a result of the colonization of land by vertebrates may have favored LGT of gus from bacteria to fungi in soils.
Role of RNA Synthesis in the Estrogen Induction of a Specific Uterine Protein (1970)

The rate of amino acid incorporation into a specific uterine protein (induced protein band) isolated by gel electrophoresis has been shown to be markedly stimulated within an hour after estrogen administration. Injection of actinomycin D (8 mg/kg) prior to estrogen blocks the synthesis of induced protein. The accumulation of the product of the actinomycin D-sensitive step (induced protein band RNA) is significant 15 minutes after estrogen, and its synthesis would appear to be initiated as soon as the estrogen-receptor complex reaches the nucleus. Blocking protein synthesis with puromycin or cycloheximide did not affect the accumulation of induced protein band RNA, indicating that this is one of the earliest macromolecular synthetic events to occur after estrogen administration.
Growth of LAPC4 prostate cancer xenograft tumor is insensitive to 5α-reductase inhibitor dutasteride. (2014)

Intermittent androgen deprivation therapy (IADT) allows prostate cancer patients a break from the side-effects of continuous androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Although clinical studies suggest that IADT can significantly improve patient quality of life over ADT, it has not been demonstrated to improve patient survival. Recently, increased survival has been demonstrated when 5α-reductase inhibitors have been used during the off-cycle of IADT in animal xenograft tumor models LNCaP and LuCaP35. In the current study, the sensitivity of LAPC4 xenograft tumor regrowth to the 5ARI dutasteride was determined. Tumor regrowth and gene expression changes in LAPC4 tumors were compared to the previously determined response of LNCaP and LuCaP35 xenograft tumors to 5ARI treatment during the off-cycle of IADT, LAPC4, LNCaP and LuCaP35 tumors were sensitive to androgen manipulation. However, in contrast to LNCaP and LuCaP35, dutasteride treatment during testosterone-stimulated prostate regrowth did not affect tumor regrowth or the expression of androgen responsive genes. Tumor response to dutasteride during the off-cycle of IADT is variable in xenograft prostate tumor models. Future studies will be required to elucidate the mechanisms contributing to the dutasteride resistance observed in the LAPC4 model during the off-cycle.
In Searching for New Antiinfluenza A Drugs: Heterocyclic and Carbocyclic Aminoadamantanes Bearing a 2‐Adamantyl Group with Potent Activity Against Influenza A Virus (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Computer-Aided Off-Line Planning and Programming of Robot Motion (1986)

Off-line planning of tasks and robot motion via the computer- graphics simulation of the robot and its environment is dis cussed. The internal structure and the mathematical basis of a generalized computer program developed for this purpose are described. Methods based on truncated trigonometric series for the off-line planning of robot trajectories and methods for the planning of multiple-segment robot motions with minimum cycle times are presented. The dynamic aspects of motion trajectories are discussed in relation to the generation of these time-optimal motions.
Efficiency Improvements On Large Mechanical Drive Steam Turbines. (2001)

He has served in various roles with TurboCare and has extensive experience in the development and design of Retractable Packing and advanced sealing
mic Simulation of icity in Induction Machines (1996)

In this paper, a method is proposed which enables the simulation of the air-gap eccentricity in induction machines. The method is based on the coupled magnetic circuit approach. The model is derived by means of winding functions, and no symmetry in windings layout is assumed. The parameters of the model are calculated directly from the geometry and winding layout of the machine. The effect of eccentricity is included in calculation of machine inductances. It is shown that by proper modeling of the induction motor it is possible to determine the effect of eccentricity on the machine startup, whether the machine is running off a sinusoidal supply or a converter. Theoretical foundations of the technique, as well as the detailed differential equations describing the machine performance under rotor eccentricity are presented.
Monovalent cation transport in irreversibly sickled cells. (1978)

Using discontinuous density gradients of Stractan II, we have separated sickle cell blood into discrete subpopulations of reticulocytes, mature discoid cells, and irreversibly sickled cells (ISCs). We have measured active and passive fluxes of monovalent cations in mature discoid cells, ISCs, and normal control cells, also separated upon density gradients. These measurements revealed a decreased active cation transport in ISC-rich populations. However, parallel measurements of Na, K-ATPase activity showed normal ouabain-sensitive ATPase activity in ISCs. Passive permeability to external Rb was also normal in ISCs. The observation of depressed pump activity in intact ISCs, contrasted with normal ATPase activity in ISC membranes, suggests the presence of factors in the intact cell which inhibit the active transport of Na and K in ISCs.
Rails Deformation Pattern in Frontal Impact (2002)

During a vehicle crash stress waves can be generated at the impact point and propagate through the vehicle structure. The generation of these waves is dependent, in general, on the crash type and, in particular, on the impact contact characteristics. This has consequences with respect to different crash barrier interfaces for vehicle evaluation. The two barriers most commonly used to evaluate the response of a vehicle in a frontal impact are the rigid barrier and the offset deformable barrier. They constitute different crash modes, full frontal and offset. Consequently it would be expected that there are different deformation patterns between the two. However, an additional possible contributor to the difference is that an impact into a rigid barrier generates waves of significantly greater stress than impacts with the deformable one. If stress waves are a significant component of real world final deformation patterns then, the choice of barrier interface and its effective stiffness is critical. To evaluate this conjecture, models of two types of rails each undergoing two different types of impacts, are analyzed using an explicit dynamic finite element code. Results show that the energy perturbation along the rail depends on the barrier type and that the early phase of wave propagation has very little effect on the final deformation pattern. This implies that in the real world conditions, the stress wave propagation along the rail has very little effect on the final deformed shape of the rail.
Measurement of end diastolic shape deformity using bending energy (2003)

An approach to analyzing the shape of the end-diastolic contour of the left ventricle of the heart is described. The procedure is adaptable to contour data derived from any one of several imaging modalities. The method involves modeling the contour as a thin flexible rod whose undeformed state is derived from measurements made on a group of normal patients. The amount of effort required to deform any particular contour away from the normal state into its characteristic shape is determined by first finding the local curvature differences between the contour and the mean normal contour at each of 100 normalized points. The weighted square of these differences, summed over all the points or some subset of them, is shown to be the global or regional bending energy of the contour. Resampling, smoothing and curvature-computation issues are considered for contours from contrast ventriculography and equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography. Initial results show distinct bending-energy signatures for normal and abnormal studies and indicate the complimentary relationship between regional wall motion and regional bending-energy measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mathematical Models: Uses and Limitations (1971)

Mathematical modeling is a technique that engineers use to solve any practical problem. Its severe limitations and pitfalls are illustrated.
Investigation of the roles of AgrA and σB regulators in <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> adaptation to roots and soil (2020)

Little is known about the regulatory mechanisms that ensure the survival of the food-borne bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes in the telluric environment and on roots. Earlier studies have suggested a regulatory overlap between the Agr cell-cell communication system and the general stress response regulator σB. Here, we investigated the contribution of these two systems to root colonisation and survival in sterilised and biotic soil. The ability to colonise the roots of the grass Festuca arundinacea was significantly compromised in the double mutant (∆agrA∆sigB). In sterile soil at 25°C, a significant defect was observed in the double mutant, suggesting some synergy between these systems. However, growth was observed and similar population dynamics were shown in the parental strain, ΔagrA and ΔsigB mutants. In biotic soil at 25°C, viability of the parental strain declined steadily over a two-week period highlighting the challenging nature of live soil environments. Inactivation of the two systems further decreased survival. The synergistic effect of Agr and σB was stronger in biotic soil. Transcriptional analysis confirmed the expected effects of the mutations on known Agr- and σB-dependent genes. Data highlight the important role that these global regulatory systems play in the natural ecology of this pathogen.
Preliminary physical maps of the Chironomus genome, with a focus on genes potentially involved in response to heavy metals (2010)

2ABSTRACT: Larvae of the genus Chironomus are often able to survive high levels of pollution. This makes them of value as potential indicators of pollution and for studies of the genetic mechanisms that permit such survival. Identification of genes that are up-regulated in the presence of pollutants, such as heavy metals, provides the potential to detect increasing levels of pollution, and so take appropriate remedial action before pollution levels become high enough to cause irreparable damage. This paper reports preliminary studies using the Australian species, C. duplex Skuse, to identify and map genes that are known to be involved in the response to heavy metals in other species of animals and plants. One of these genes, HSP70, was shown to contain a deleted copy in C. duplex and its close relative C. occidentalis Skuse. The physical location of the heavy metal related genes, and other Chironomus genes already in the literature, has been determined by in situ hybridization to the polytene chromosomes of C. duplex and of the North American species C. dilutus Shobanov et al., which is commonly used in bioassays for pollution. The results demonstrate that a map constructed for one species can be extrapolated to other species of interest in the genus, because of the good knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships of the banding patterns of the polytene chromosomes. Some
Optical Properties and Band Structure of Titanium Carbide (1966)

Near-normal-incidence reflectivity measurements have been made from 0.5 to 21 eV on cleaved (100) faces of various $\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{C}}_{x}$ specimens. Optical properties determined from dispersion (Kramers-Kronig) analyses of the reflectivity have been used, together with other information from the literature, to estimate values of the band parameters for a semiempirical, tight-binding calculation of the band structure. The two-center formalism of Slater and Koster was used for this purpose, but with the integrals treated as adjustable parameters not subject to the usual restrictions of the two-center approximation. The result differs markedly from other band structures for TiC which have appeared in the literature.
Terrestrial Planet Finder Coronagraph overview of technology development & system design (2004)

Astronomers have discovered over 150 planets orbiting other stars. NASA mission; Find and characterize terrestrial (or rocky) exo-planets that might harbor life (like Earth)liquid water on the planet (habitable zone). An atmosphere that indicates the presence of life water, oxygen, ozone, carbon dioxide, chlorophyll, and methane. Two missions under development: A coronagraph and an interferometer.
Disorders of the Knee (1974)

<b>Diseases of the Knee Joint</b>, by I. S. Smillie, 459 pp, with illus, $55, Churchill Livingstone (Longman Inc, 72 5th Ave, NY 10011), 1974. Both of these authors are well known to the orthopedic community for outstanding books on internal derangements of the knee. Their previous volumes have been largely restricted to acute and subacute traumatic disorders of the knee and as such have been of somewhat limited scope. The present volumes represent an effort to approach a more adequate coverage of the broad spectrum of knee-joint disease and surgery rather than that strictly limited to trauma and internal derangement. Dr. Helfet takes his previous work on the management of internal derangements of the knee, and by adding a series of chapters by guest authors, expands it into broader coverage of knee-joint disorders. This has been of only limited success. The individual contributions on biomechanics of the knee, structure and
Assessment of Subclinical Vascular Disease Associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis (2011)

In this well characterized AS population, impaired FMD and increased ccIMT and PWV indicate abnormal endothelial function and increased atherosclerosis and aortic stiffness, respectively. The value of noninvasive diagnostic tools needs to be further characterized.
Patterns of over‐the‐counter nicotine gum use: persistent use and concurrent smoking (2003)

Extended use of nicotine gum is rare. Concurrent use with cigarettes is uncommon. In both cases, the amount of gum use is small. OTC marketing of nicotine gum does not appear to have increased use contrary to labeling nor resulted in patterns of use that should warrant clinical or public health concerns.
Nonisothermal fusion bonding in semicrystalline thermoplastics (2002)

Abstract The development of the interfacial bond strength as a function of bonding conditions has been investigated in two representative semicrystalline thermoplastics, isotactic polypropylene and polyamide 12. If one side of the interface is well above the melting point immediately before contact, more rapid effective bonding is obtained for a given estimated interface temperature than under isothermal conditions. This is discussed in terms of a simple two‐parameter model for the critical strain energy release rate associated with crack propagation along the interface, which incorporates the rate of establishment of intimate contact at the interface. The model provides a self‐consistent phenomenological description of the time and temperature dependence of the bonding kinetics in polyamide 12 joints, although questions remain regarding the detailed mechanisms of bonding. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1267–1276, 2003
Unexpected catalysis: aprotic pyridinium ions as active and recyclable Brønsted acid catalysts in protic media (2008)

Simple pyridinium salt derivatives have been (rather unexpectedly) shown to promote highly efficient acetalization reactions of both aldehydes and ketones at ambient temperature. The optimum catalyst is aprotic, yet it can promote the formation of benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal at 0.1 mol % loading more efficiently than a protic Brønsted acid catalyst with a pKa of 2.2. The process is of wide scope with respect to both the nucleophilic and electrophilic components, and the ionic catalyst can be readily recovered by precipitation and reused without loss of activity.
Chapter 10. The typical elements (1967)

A. J. Downs, G. M. Sheldrick and J. J. Turner, Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. A. Gen. Phys and Inorg. Chem., 1967, 64, 219 DOI: 10.1039/GR9676400219
Murine mast cells synthesize basement membrane components. A potential role in early fibrosis. (1991)

Mast cells are resident in tissues, particularly in association with endothelial and epithelial cell basement membranes, and increase at sites of inflammation, injury, and fibrosis. Although mast cells are known to both release and generate proinflammatory molecules in response to inflammatory stimuli, little is known about their normal biologic function. Here we demonstrate that IL-3-dependent mouse PT18 mast cells, mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells, and rat basophilic leukemia cells express large amounts of mRNA for collagen IV, laminin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Western blot analysis confirmed that mast cells synthesize and secrete significant amounts collagen IV and laminin B1 and B2 chains. These data suggest that mast cells may contribute to normal tissue repair and/or the early overproduction of basement membrane components seen in a variety of fibrotic conditions.