gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Conductive Substrate for Preparing Cells in Suspension for Scanning Electron Microscopy (1983)

Improvement in conductibility of substrates was attempted to overcome a technical problem of charging artifacts caused by limited cell surface attachment to the substrates, when cells prefixed in suspension are observed under SEM. Gelatine-covered slips were impregnated with osmium vapor and coated with polylysine. Using the newly-designed slips, we have succeeded in the elimination of the charging artifacts, such as irregular bright and dark lines parallel to the scan direction or abnormal contrast by a higher magnification. Subsequently, a mesh containing 42 compartments in 25 mm2 was prepared by drawing sharp lines on the above conductive substrates. With a combined use of SEM with light microscopy, this particular mesh has solved another problem of differentiating individual cells in mixed cell populations.
Nonlinearly transformed baseband filters for optical pattern recognition (1991)

The real part of the linear matched filter is nonlinearly transformed. Various types of filter including binary phase-only filters are produced by varying the severity of the nonlinearity.
Ultrafast photonic crystal lasers (2008)

Abstract We describe recent progress in photonic crystal nanocavity lasers with an emphasis on our recent results on ultrafast pulse generation. These lasers produce pulses on the picosecond scale, corresponding to only hundreds of optical cycles. We describe laser dynamics in optically pumped single cavities and in coupled cavity arrays, at low and room temperature. Such ultrafast, efficient, and compact lasers show great promise for applications in high‐speed communications, information processing, and on‐chip optical interconnects.
Interference control in LTE-advanced: An ARTIST4G overview (2012)

This paper gives an overview of the interference cancellation and interference control study for LTE-A in the European research project ARTIST4G.
The neuregulin 1 promoter polymorphism rs6994992 is not associated with chronic schizophrenia or neurocognition (2008)

The neuregulin 1 (NRG1) promoter single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs6994992 has shown association with decreased activation of frontal and temporal lobe regions, increased risk of psychosis, and decreased premorbid IQ. This SNP is part of a putative schizophrenia risk-associated haplotype and was associated with increased expression of the type IV transcript in postmortem tissue. We tested for association between rs6994992 and chronic schizophrenia by genotyping 738 cases from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) and 733 matched controls. We further tested for associations with age at onset and baseline neurocognition in cases with schizophrenia reasoning that these phenotypes might yield results similar to those seen for premorbid IQ. Affection status was weakly associated with rs6994992 genotypes and trended towards association under a recessive model. This association did not survive correction for multiple comparisons and was in the opposite direction than has been reported. There was no association between rs6994992 and age at onset, an estimate of premorbid IQ, or neurocognition at study baseline. We were unable to replicate previous associations of rs6994992 with schizophrenia and, moreover, did not find significant associations with age of onset, an estimate of pre-morbid IQ, or neurocognition.
Structural and defect properties of the LaPO4 and LaP5O14-based proton conductors (2012)

Atomistic simulation techniques are used to perform a comparative study of intrinsic defects, dopant incorporation and protonic groups in two lanthanum phosphate compounds, namely, the orthophosphate (LaPO4) and the ultraphosphate (LaP5O14). The suitability of dopant incorporation predicted from the dopant solution energies (with Ca and Sr the most favorable) is in excellent agreement with trends in ionic conductivity from recent experimental investigations. The defect chemistry of the phosphates related to protonic defects and oxygen vacancies created from extrinsic doping is investigated. The results indicate favorable orientations for the protonic defect within the structures. The binding energies for proton–dopant interactions indicate that defect association may occur. In LaPO4 it was observed that the relaxed local atomic structure around an oxygen vacancy is analogous to the formation of a P2O7 pyrophosphate anion.
Aligned free-standing muscle fibers connected with neurons (2011)

We propose aligned free-standing skeletal muscle fibers connecting with neurons. By confining skeletal cells, C2C12, with collagen gel into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) trenches, we successfully formed the muscle fibers that are highly oriented to the fiber direction. We cultured the free-standing muscle fibers maintaining their tension since the edge of the fibers was fixed to glass substrates. Furthermore, we can culture the muscle fibers with rat primary neurons, and the neurons successfully connect with the muscle fibers. We believe that the muscle fibers connected with the neurons have a potential to contract by the nerve impulse.
Widely Tunable Optical Local Oscillator Scheme for RF Photonic Down-Conversion (2019)

We present a widely tunable all-optical local oscillator (LO) scheme using two ultra-low noise, single cavity stabilized semiconductor lasers. Our all-optical LO with low phase noise and wide 4–32 GHz tuning range is readily extendable beyond 100 GHz for flexible optical down-conversion of RF signals.
Ribokines: Metallo-RNP cytokines of macrophages as angio-morphogens (1990)

S.53
1α‐Methyl‐steroide, II. 1α‐Methyl‐corticoide (1963)

Abstract In der Corticoid‐Reihe wurde durch Grignard‐1.4‐Addition in Δ 1.4.6 ‐Trien‐3‐ketone mit geschützter C‐17‐Seitenkette die 1α‐Methylgruppe eingeführt. 1α‐Methyl‐cortexolon wurde mikrobiologisch in 11β‐Stellung hydroxyliert.
The cancer/testis antigen CAGE induces MMP-2 through the activation of NF-κB and AP-1 (2009)

Cancer-associated antigen (CAGE) induces the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) by activating Akt, which in turn interacts with inhibitory kappa kinase beta (IkappaKbeta) to activate nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). Akt and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) are necessary for CAGE-mediated induction of the AP-1 subunit JunB, whereas extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) is necessary for the induction of fos-related antigen-1 (Fra-1). Induction of MMP-2 by CAGE requires activator of protein-1 (AP-1) to be bound. Specific binding of JunB to MMP-2 promoter sequences was shown by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis.
Estimation of rest-activity patterns using motion sensors (2010)

Disrupted sleep patterns are a significant problem in the elderly, leading to increased cognitive dysfunction and risk of nursing home placement. A cost-effective and unobtrusive way to remotely monitor changing sleep patterns over time would enable improved management of this important health problem. We have developed an algorithm to derive sleep parameters such as bed time, rise time, sleep latency, and nap time from passive infrared sensors distributed around the home. We evaluated this algorithm using 404 days of data collected in the homes of 8 elderly community-dwelling elders. Data from this algorithm were highly correlated to ground truth measures (bed mats) and were surprisingly robust to variability in sensor layout and sleep habits.
A Solid Film Lubricant Composition for Use at High Sliding Velocities in Liquid Nitrogen (1960)

Solid-lubricant-containing compositions can be of value as films and solid bodies for bearing and seal surfaces in low-temperature liquefied gases. An experimental composition including polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), an epoxy resin, and lithium-alumina-silicate was studied in friction, wear, and endurance experiments in liquid nitrogen (−320 F). This composition was formulated to approximate the thermal expansion of metals used in cryogenic systems. Hemisphere (−1 3/6; -in. radius) rider specimens were used and in most experiments the load was 1000 g. Films (0.005-in. thick) on disk specimens gave good endurance life, low rider wear, and desirable friction (f = 0.02 to 0.07). They functioned at a higher sliding velocity (no failure at 16, 000 ft/min) with copper rider specimens than with stainless steel riders (failure at 9000 ft/min). Solid rider material of the experimental composition had good friction and wear properties at sliding velocities above 4000 ft/min. It is important to use the experimental composition with mating materials having good thermal conductivity.
Applications of a neutron-producing dense plasma focus (1997)

A plasma focus is an rz-plasma pinch device that may preferentially produce either x-rays or neutrons. In its neutron-production mode, the neutron pulse duration is approximately 10<SUP>12</SUP> neutrons/pulse from the d(d,n)<SUP>3</SUP>He(dd) reaction. The equivalent neutron yield form the d(t,n)<SUP>4</SUP>He(dt) reaction is approximately 10<SUP>14</SUP> neutrons/pulse. The smallest plasma focus devices have produced approximately 10<SUP>7</SUP> neutrons/pulse from the (dd) reaction. Across this range of neutron yields, there are several applications for which the plasma focus seems to be well suited. With a total yield of approximately 10<SUP>12</SUP> neutrons/pulse from the (dd) reaction, static neutron radiography for inert objects has been demonstrated. For biological systems, (dt) reaction yields of about 10<SUP>12</SUP> to 10<SUP>13</SUP> neutrons/pulse will produce acceptable neutron radiographs. Given the short duration of the neutron pulse and localized nature, (dt) neutron yields in the range of 10<SUP>13</SUP> to 10<SUP>14</SUP> neutrons/pulse provide a useful source for basic neutron physics studies. Finally, modest scaling of the plasma focus neutron yield to the range of 10<SUP>15</SUP> to 10<SUP>16</SUP> neutrons/pulse from the (dt) reaction may provide a method of producing some neutron-produced, medical radioisotopes.
Birefringent vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers: toward high-speed spin-lasers (2016)

Spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (spin-VCSELs) provide novel opportunities to overcome several limitations of conventional, purely charge-based semiconductor lasers. Presumably the highest potential lies in the spin-VCSEL's capability for ultrafast spin and polarization dynamics which can be significantly faster than the intensity dynamics in conventional devices. By injecting spin-polarized carriers, these coupled spin-photon dynamics can be controlled and utilized for high-speed applications. While relaxation oscillations provide insights in the speed and direct modulation bandwidth of conventional devices, resonance oscillations in the circular polarization degree step in for the spin and polarization dynamics in spin-VCSELs. These polarization oscillations can be generated using pulsed spin injection and achieve much higher frequencies than the conventional intensity relaxation oscillations in these devices. Furthermore polarization oscillations can be switched on and off and it is possible to generate short polarization pulses, which may represent an information unit in polarization-based optical communication. The frequency of polarization oscillations is mainly determined by the birefringence-induced mode splitting between both orthogonal linearly polarized laser modes. Thus the polarization modulation bandwidth of spin-VCSELs can be increased by adding a high amount of birefringence to the cavity, for example by incorporating mechanical strain. Using this technique, we could demonstrate tunable polarization oscillations from 10 to 40 GHz in AlGaAs-based 850nm VCSELs recently. Furthermore a birefringence-induced mode splitting of more than 250 GHz could be demonstrated experimentally. Provided that this potential for ultrafast dynamics can be fully exploited, birefringent spin-VCSELs are ideal devices for fast short-haul optical interconnects. In this paper we review our recent progress on polarization dynamics of birefringent spin-VCSELs and investigate numerically how ultrafast polarization oscillations can be utilized for data communication using simulations based on the spin-flip model.
The Research Focus of Nations: Economic vs. Altruistic Motivations (2017)

What motivates the research strategies of nations and institutions? We suggest that research primarily serves two masters-altruism and economic growth. Some nations focus more research in altruistic (or non-economic) fields while others focus more research in fields associated with economic growth. What causes this difference? Are there characteristics that would suggest why a nation is more aligned with altruism or economic growth? To answer this question, we have identified nine major fields of research by analyzing the publication activity of 4429 institutions using Scopus data. Two fields of research are clearly altruistic (there is relatively little involvement by industry) and two fields are clearly aligned with economic growth. The altruistic vs. economic nature of nations based on their publication profiles across these fields is correlated with national indicators on wealth, education, capitalism, individualism, power, religion, and language. While previous research has suggested that national research strategy is aligned with national wealth, our analysis shows that national wealth is not highly correlated with the tradeoff between altruistic and economic motives. Instead, the tradeoff is largely captured by a culture of individualism. Accordingly, implications for national research strategies are discussed.
Two-Stroke Engines (1980)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">COST, WEIGTH AND POWER OUTPUT, render it unlikely that 2-stroke engines for chain saws and related applications can be superseded by any other propulsion system in the near future.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to remain competitive in the future, 2-stroke engines - and thus cylinders and pistons - must be designed that they are able to achieve the largest possible power output from the lowest possible overall volume, with an adequate operational reliability and at competitive prices. Special attention must be paid to exhaust gas emission and noise, particularly in view of future legislation.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper reports on new results obtained when increasing the power output of 2-stroke chain saw engines, and describes the prospects for an increase in operational reliability.</div>
Multimode Fiberoptic Transceiver With Flexible Electronic Interface (1989)

The integration of fiberoptic, optoelectronic, and electrical components to form hybrid devices has many advantages to the end user. These include: (i) Elimination of fiber pigtails from the PCB which can either be "snagged" or bent, which in the latter case may incur a loss penalty. (ii) Optimization of system performance by control of the total packaged system. That is, the performance of the transceiver can be optimized because the individual components that make up the device can be selected and/or traded off for given performance requirements. (iii) A compact system can save "real estate" on the PCB and result in lower system costs. (iv) Provides a "user friendly" subsystem that removes the requirement for highly skilled engineers in cross-disciplines. In this paper, details of the integration of single mode lasers, PIN detectors, HCS optical fiber couplers and electronic drive/detector circuitry are presented.
Study of tribological properties of graphite/copper-ferrum matrix self-lubricating composites prepared by induction sintering at elevated temperature (2010)

The graphite/copper-ferrum matrix self-lubricating composites with various amounts of graphite additives were prepared by induction heating sintering method combined with the alloying of the copper-ferrum matrix with various metallic elements. As the temperature was increased from room temperature to 500°C, the mechanical properties of the composites were measured using the mechanical tester, while the friction and wear properties were evaluated by MRH-3 friction-wear tester. The worn surface morphologies of the composites were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the mechanical and friction/wear properties of the self-lubricating composites were related to the induction frequencies and the contents of the graphite as the solid lubricant. The increased graphite content resulted in reduced mechanical properties and increased friction/wear properties. The composites with proper graphite contents and induction frequencies have the lower the friction coefficients and wear volume loss at room temperature to 500°C. Meanwhile, wear mechanism of composites have been changed from abrasive wear to ploughing wear.
Axially symmetric geodesic lenses (1978)

A procedure was developed and used to obtain the optimal shape of corrected aspheric geodesic lenses for F-numbers ranging from 3 to 15. This optimization procedure allows the (constant) refractive index, lens radius, and focal length to be used as independent design parameters. Results of the increase in size of the first diffraction spot and shift in the focal plane caused by perturbations in a lens's shape have been included for several lenses with F-numbers between 3 and 10.
Proton magnetic resonance study of the switch between the two quaternary structures in high-affinity hemoglobins in the deoxy state (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProton magnetic resonance study of the switch between the two quaternary structures in high-affinity hemoglobins in the deoxy stateS. Ogawa, Dinshaw J. Patel, and Sanford R. SimonCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 10, 2001–2006Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00707a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00707a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views25Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the baseband communication performance of physical layer steganography (2011)

In this paper we explore the possibility of sending a steganographically hidden message through a digital communication channel. We view the hidden (embedded) information as additional noise added to a cover message, in conjunction with the inherent additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). We use the bit error rate as a function of signal-to-noise ratio, and investigate whether the hidden message is truly steganographic in the sense that it cannot be distinguished from the usual noise in the channel. In addition we show that the hidden message is harder to detect when the information is encoded with an error-correcting code, and we present limits on the steganographic payload.
Trust and Security in RFID-Based Product Authentication Systems (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Product authentication is needed to detect counterfeit products and to prevent them from entering the distribution channels of genuine products. Security is a critical property of product authentication systems. In this paper, we study trust and security in RFID-based product authentication systems. We first present a formal definition for product authentication process and then derive the general chain of trust as well as functional and nonfunctional security requirements for product authentication. Most of the scientific literature that covers the topic focuses on cryptographic tag authentication only. This paper, however, provides a broader view including also other known approaches, most notably location-based authentication. To derive the functional security requirements, we employ the concept of misuse cases that extends the use case paradigm well known in the field of requirements engineering. We argue that the level of security of any RFID-based product authentication application is determined by how it fulfills the derived set of functional and nonfunctional requirements. The security of different RFID-based product authentication approaches is analyzed. To study how RFID supports secure product authentication in practice, we investigate how the current EPC standards conform to the functional security requirements of product authentication and show how the unaddressed requirements could be fulfilled. The benefits of implementing a service that detects the cloned tags in the level of the network's core services are identified. </para>
An Overview of Rodent Toxicities: Liver and Kidney Effects of Fumonisins and Fusarium moniliforme (2001)

Kenneth A. Voss, Ronald T. Riley, W. P. Norred, Charles W. Bacon, Filmore I. Meredith, Paul C. Howard, Ronald D. Plattner, Thomas F. X. Collins, Deborah K. Hansen, James K. Porter, An Overview of Rodent Toxicities: Liver and Kidney Effects of Fumonisins and Fusarium moniliforme, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 109, Supplement 2 (May, 2001), pp. 259-266
Auditory Distance Coding in Rabbit Midbrain Neurons and Human Perception: Monaural Amplitude Modulation Depth as a Cue (2015)

Mechanisms underlying sound source distance localization are not well understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that a novel mechanism can create monaural distance sensitivity: a combination of auditory midbrain neurons' sensitivity to amplitude modulation (AM) depth and distance-dependent loss of AM in reverberation. We used virtual auditory space (VAS) methods for sounds at various distances in anechoic and reverberant environments. Stimulus level was constant across distance. With increasing modulation depth, some rabbit inferior colliculus neurons increased firing rates whereas others decreased. These neurons exhibited monotonic relationships between firing rates and distance for monaurally presented noise when two conditions were met: (1) the sound had AM, and (2) the environment was reverberant. The firing rates as a function of distance remained approximately constant without AM in either environment and, in an anechoic condition, even with AM. We corroborated this finding by reproducing the distance sensitivity using a neural model. We also conducted a human psychophysical study using similar methods. Normal-hearing listeners reported perceived distance in response to monaural 1 octave 4 kHz noise source sounds presented at distances of 35-200 cm. We found parallels between the rabbit neural and human responses. In both, sound distance could be discriminated only if the monaural sound in reverberation had AM. These observations support the hypothesis. When other cues are available (e.g., in binaural hearing), how much the auditory system actually uses the AM as a distance cue remains to be determined.