gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ontology visualization methods—a survey (2007)

Ontologies, as sets of concepts and their interrelations in a specific domain, have proven to be a useful tool in the areas of digital libraries, the semantic web, and personalized information management. As a result, there is a growing need for effective ontology visualization for design, management and browsing. There exist several ontology visualization methods and also a number of techniques used in other contexts that could be adapted for ontology representation. The purpose of this article is to present these techniques and categorize their characteristics and features in order to assist method selection and promote future research in the area of ontology visualization.
A local outbreak of femoral hypoplasia or aplasia and femoral fibula-ulnar-complex. (1981)

The authors describe an outbreak of femoral hypoplasia or aplasia, isolated or associated with fibular or/and ulnar anomalies (Proximal femoral focal deficiency or FFU Complex). The epidemic seems to be limited in place (Rhone-Alpes region in France), and in time (starting late 1979 or early 1980 and apparently maintained during 1981 with an excess of winter-born patients). All the cases are sporadic and clinically strictly unilateral. An hereditary factor does not seem to play a role. No iatrogenic agent, no radiation exposure, no infectious diseases can be incriminated. The hypothesis of a responsible chemical teratogenic product suddenly introduced in the Rhone-Alpes region in 1979 is arising. The difficult inquiry is going on with finer analysis. This aggregation of unusual malformations is a typical example of what can be found at monitoring of birth defects.
Numerical Modelling of Breaking Wave Impacts on a Vertical Wall (1995)

The impact processes on a vertical wall resulting from breaking waves are numerical simulated. Two dimensional incompressible viscous flow which is governed by the Navier-Stokes Equations and the continuity equation is solved by a finite difference scheme based on the Volume of Fluid(VOF) concept. Some comparisons with experimental results reveal that the present model is able to simulate the impact process with negligible air entrappment not only qualitatively but also quantitatively well. Although the impact pressure of a plunging breaker with non-negligible air entrapment can not be quantitatively well simulated by this model due to the restriction of the incompressible flow, the wave kinematics is still well simulated.
Extended Degree and Continuing Education Preferences of California Public Health Professionals (1999)

The authors conducted a randomized mail survey of members of six public health organizations in California. The purpose of the survey was to assess public health practitioner interest and resources available to participate in public health extended degree programs and public health continuing education (CE). The response rate was 52 percent (N = 262). Three CE topics of greatest interest to public health professionals were health policy, computer applications, and community-based interventions. Respondents were interested in both distance-based and on-site learning formats.
. The Mechanical Waving Hand of a Keffiyah-Clad Manikin (2006)

In the summer of 1994, Arafat suddenly appeared in the sands of Gaza after an absence as long as the occupation. Thousands of Palestinians thronged the streets of the newly autonomous realm, hoping for a chance of glimpsing “the Old Man”, as he was then affectionately called. Within days of the homecoming, the tide began to turn, as if the people were afraid of their own optimism. The leader was openly mocked. Many began to doubt that they'd even seen the man, insisting that the man they welcomed home could not possibly be the real thing.
Chemical compositions of four B-type supergiants in the SMC wing (2005)

High-resolution UCLES/AAT spectra of four B-type supergiants in the SMC South East Wing have been analysed using non-LTE model atmosphere techniques to determine their atmospheric parameters and chemical compositions. The principle aim of this analysis was to determine whether the very low metal abundances (-1.1 dex compared with Galactic value) previously found in the Magellanic Inter Cloud region (ICR) were also present in the SMC Wing. The chemical compositions of the four targets are similar to those found in other SMC objects and appear to be incompatible with those deduced previously for the ICR. Given the close proximity of the Wing to the ICR, this is difficult to understand and some possible explanations are briefly discussed.
Fast incremental proximity search in large graphs (2008)

In this paper we investigate two aspects of ranking problems on large graphs. First, we augment the deterministic pruning algorithm in Sarkar and Moore (2007) with sampling techniques to compute approximately correct rankings with high probability under random walk based proximity measures at query time. Second, we prove some surprising locality properties of these proximity measures by examining the short term behavior of random walks. The proposed algorithm can answer queries on the fly without caching any information about the entire graph. We present empirical results on a 600, 000 node author-word-citation graph from the Citeseer domain on a single CPU machine where the average query processing time is around 4 seconds. We present quantifiable link prediction tasks. On most of them our techniques outperform Personalized Pagerank, a well-known diffusion based proximity measure.
Broadbanding techniques for TEM N-way power dividers (2003)

Broadband TEM power dividers have traditionally involved multisection or taper designs. The author briefly reviews compensation techniques that can be used to achieve broadband designs with one or two sections. The compensating elements can be either lumped or distributed. The suggested techniques involve transmission lines and isolation resistors. These principles are discussed for several practical designs, including broadband lumped-element power dividers. The experimental components that were fabricated based on these principles were well described by the computed results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sensor fusion for intelligent alarm analysis (1996)

The purpose of an intelligent alarm analysis system is to provide complete and manageable information to a central alarm station operator by applying alarm processing and fusion techniques to sensor information. The paper discusses the sensor fusion approach taken to perform intelligent alarm analysis for the Advanced Exterior Sensor (AES). The AES is an intrusion detection and assessment system designed for wide area coverage, quick deployment, low false/nuisance alarm operation, and immediate visual assessment. It combines three sensor technologies (visible, infrared, and millimeter wave radar) collocated on a compact and portable remote sensor module. The remote sensor module rotates at a rate of 1 revolution per second to detect and track motion and provide assessment in a continuous 360° field-of-regard. Sensor fusion techniques are used to correlate and integrate the track data from these three sensors into a single track for operator observation. Additional inputs to the fusion process include environmental data, knowledge of sensor performance under certain weather conditions, sensor priority, and recent operator feedback. A confidence value is assigned to the track as a result of the fusion process. This helps to reduce nuisance alarms and to increase operator confidence in the system while reducing the workload of the operator
Short Communication: Association Analysis of Microsatellites and Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Antibody Response in German Holsteins (2007)

Paratuberculosis in ruminants is characterized by chronic granulomatous enteritis, resulting in persistent diarrhea and progressive wasting of cattle infected with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The disease occurs worldwide with high frequency, leading to growing economic losses in beef and dairy industries. The objective of this study was to investigate associations of microsatellites (BMC9006, BB704, BB705, BB717, BB719, BMS1617, BB702, and BOBT24) located near or within candidate genes involved in response mechanisms to paratuberculosis. Pedigree information existed for 4,686 German Holstein cows that had routinely been screened for MAP status using commercially available serum antibody ELISA test. The immunoglobulin G cutoff level was used to classify all animals as positive or negative for paratuberculosis. A total of 594 (12.7%) cows tested positive for paratuberculosis. The control group comprised 585 animals testing negative for MAP. Microsatellite BMC9006 had only 3 alleles (2 of which occurred at very low frequencies in the present data set) and was therefore not informative; the remaining microsatellites showed 3 to 12 alleles. Fisher's exact and chi2 tests revealed no significant differences in microsatellite allele frequencies between the 2 groups of German Holstein cows testing positive or negative for paratuberculosis.
New family of lapped biorthogonal transform via lifting steps (2002)

By scaling all discrete cosine transform (DCT) intermediate output coefficients of the lapped transform and employing the type-II and type-IV DCT based on lifting steps, a new family of lapped biorthogonal transform is introduced, called the IntLBT. When all the elements with a floating point of each lifting matrix in the IntLBT are approximated by binary fractions, the IntLBT is implemented by a series of dyadic lifting steps and provides very fast, efficient in-place computation of the transform coefficients, and all internal nodes have finite precision. When each lifting step in the IntLBT is implemented using the same nonlinear operations as those used in the well known integer-to-integer wavelet transform, the IntLBT maps integers to integers, so it can express lossless image information. As an application of the novel IntLBT to lossy image compression, simulation results demonstrate that the IntLBT has significantly less blocking artefacts, higher peak signal-to-noise ratio, and better visual quality than the DCT. More importantly, the IntLBT's coding performance is approximately the same as that of the much more complex Cohen–Daubechies–Feauveau (CDF) 9/7-tap biorthogonal wavelet with floating-point coefficients, and in some cases even surpasses that of the CDF 9/7-tap biorthogonal wavelet.
Curcumin Protects Neuron against Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Inflammation through Improving PPAR-Gamma Function (2013)

Cerebral ischemia is the most common cerebrovascular disease worldwide. Recent studies have demonstrated that curcumin had beneficial effect to attenuate cerebral ischemic injury. However, it is unclear how curcumin protects against cerebral ischemic injury. In the present study, using rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model, we found that curcumin was a potent PPAR γ agonist in that it upregulated PPAR γ expression and PPAR γ -PPRE binding activity. Administration of curcumin markedly decreased the infarct volume, improved neurological deficits, and reduced neuronal damage of rats. In addition, curcumin suppressed neuroinflammatory response by decreasing inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1 β , TNF- α , PGE2, NO, COX-2, and iNOS induced by cerebral ischemia of rats. Furthermore, curcumin suppressed I κ B degradation that was caused by cerebral ischemia. The present data also showed that PPAR γ interacted with NF- κ B-p65 and thus inhibited NF- κ B activation. All the above protective effects of curcumin on cerebral ischemic injury were markedly attenuated by GW9662, an inhibitor of PPAR γ . Our results as described above suggested that PPAR γ induced by curcumin may play a critical role in protecting against brain injury through suppression of inflammatory response. It also highlights the potential of curcumin as a therapeutic agent against cerebral ischemia.
Object detection in images of natural scenes represented by AR models using Laplacian pyramids: application to leather defects localization (2003)

A methodology for object detection and localization by Laplacian pyramid analysis of the features of AR (autoregressive) models applied to 2-D iconic images of natural surfaces is described. A symbolic image of a leather defect was built with features of simultaneous autoregressive models. Laplacian pyramids were then implemented for detecting defects of calf leather patches, on different resolution levels. Strategies for enhancing the wrinkled patches of the leather are discussed based on the parameters of the models. Thresholding the Laplacian pyramids for noise filtering is studied taking into account the histograms of each Laplacian image. Probable defective patches were marked by squares on a simulated original iconic image.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Introduction (2000)

Abstract This introductory chapter sets out the purpose of the book, which is to examine how a wide range of Scottish people perceived insanity on a day-to-day basis. This book relies on manuscript sources generated about mentally incapable people at the local level. It analyses madness and its social and cultural background, as well as its intellectual and medical milieu.
A specific domain in alpha-catenin mediates binding to beta-catenin or plakoglobin. (1997)

The E-cadherin-catenin adhesion complex has been the subject of many structural and functional studies because of its importance in development, normal tissue function and carcinogenesis. It is well established that the cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin binds either beta-catenin or plakoglobin, which both can assemble alpha-catenin into the complex. Recently we have identified an alpha-catenin binding site in beta-catenin and plakoglobin and postulated, based on sequence analysis, that these protein-protein interactions are mediated by a hydrophobic interaction mechanism. Here we have now identified the reciprocal complementary binding site in alpha-catenin which mediates its interaction with beta-catenin and plakoglobin. Using in vitro association assays with C-terminal truncations of alpha-catenin expressed as recombinant fusion proteins, we found that the N-terminal 146 amino acids are required for this interaction. We then identified a peptide of 27 amino acids within this sequence (amino acid positions 117-143) which is necessary and sufficient to bind beta-catenin or plakoglobin. As shown by mutational analysis, hydrophobic amino acids within this binding site are important for the interaction. The results described here, together with our previous work, give strong support for the idea that these proteins associate by hydrophobic interactions of two alpha-helices.
CenterFace: Joint Face Detection and Alignment Using Face as Point (2020)

Face detection and alignment in unconstrained environment is always deployed on edge devices which have limited memory storage and low computing power. This paper proposes a one-stage method named CenterFace to simultaneously predict facial box and landmark location with real-time speed and high accuracy. The proposed method also belongs to the anchor-free category. This is achieved by (a) learning face existing possibility by the semantic maps, (b) learning bounding box, offsets, and five landmarks for each position that potentially contains a face. Specifically, the method can run in real time on a single CPU core and 200 FPS using NVIDIA 2080TI for VGA-resolution images and can simultaneously achieve superior accuracy (WIDER FACE Val/Test-Easy: 0.935/0.932, Medium: 0.924/0.921, Hard: 0.875/0.873, and FDDB discontinuous: 0.980 and continuous: 0.732).
Subarachnoid hemorrhage fails to produce vasculopathy or chronic blood flow changes in rats. (1988)

Cerebral blood flow was measured by a [14C]butanol indicator fractionation technique in rats subjected to subarachnoid hemorrhage, in control rats, and in rats given injections of buffered saline into the subarachnoid space (sham hemorrhage). Cerebral blood flow was significantly decreased in both the subarachnoid hemorrhage and sham hemorrhage rats 3 hours after injection. However, blood flow returned to control levels by 24 hours, and measurement for 14 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage failed to show any delayed decrease in cerebral blood flow. Electron microscopic studies of basilar arteries from rats subjected to subarachnoid hemorrhage 72 hours before killing failed to show any of the morphologic changes that have been associated with vasospasm in humans or in higher animal models. Our studies indicate that the rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage has limited applicability to the study of subarachnoid hemorrhage following ruptured cerebral aneurysms in humans. However, although rats are not a perfect model of this clinical condition, some pathophysiologic changes similar to those observed in human subarachnoid hemorrhage have been demonstrated in this model and deserve further investigation.
Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Is there anything new? (2005)

Abstract: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a specific form of chronic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia of unknown aetiology and is associated with the histological picture of usual interstitial pneumonia. Treatment in most cases is unsatisfactory and the prognosis remains poor. There is insufficient evidence to suggest that any treatment, apart from lung transplantation, improves survival or halts disease progression for IPF patients. Data on treatment response are limited by the paucity of clinical trails, the lack of homogenous clinical features, the small number of patients, and the absence of histological and radiological documentation in many cases. Anti‐inflammatory medications such as corticosteroids, azathioprine and cyclophosphamide remain the commonly used medications. More recently, it has been proposed that IPF is a primary fibrotic disease rather than an inflammatory condition. Antifibrotic agents such as colchicine, pirfenidone and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) have been tried. However, a recent placebo‐controlled trial has failed to demonstrate a significant effect of IFN‐γ on disease progression, lung function or quality of life in IPF patients, though a clinically significant survival benefit of the drug could not be ruled out.
Antigenicity of Pooled Human Malignant and Normal Tissues by Cytoimmunological Technique. III. Distribution of Tumor Antigen<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">2</xref> (1961)

Horse antiserum to pooled human carcinoma preparations displayed toxicity for monolayer cultures of HeLa cells. This toxicity was no longer present after absorption of the serum by human carcinomas. Each of 60 individually tested carcinomas absorbed approximately the same amount of toxic material. The relative amount of absorbing antigen in these tumors showed a standard deviation of ± 30 percent. Preparations from established cell strains, HeLa (Gey), Detroit-6 (Berman and Stulberg), conjunctiva (Chang), and heart (Girardi), also were able to remove the toxicity from the antiserum. Thus, 60 human carcinomas and atypical cells of established tissue-culture lines possessed a common antigen which was pertinent for the initiation of cytotoxic manifestations with the exposure in vitro of atypical cells to the horse antiserum. This antigen presumably constitutes a part of the plasma membrane.
A Suitable Streptomycin-Resistant Mutant for Constructing Unmarked In-Frame Gene Deletions Using rpsL as a Counter-Selection Marker (2014)

The streptomycin counter-selection system is a useful tool for constructing unmarked in-frame gene deletions, which is a fundamental approach to study bacteria and their pathogenicity at the molecular level. A prerequisite for this system is acquiring a streptomycin-resistant strain due to rpsL mutations, which encodes the ribosomal protein S12. However, in this study no streptomycin resistance was found to be caused by rpsL mutations in all 127 clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from liver abscess patients. By screening 107 spontaneous mutants of streptomycin resistance from a clinical strain of K. pneumoniae, nucleotide substitution or insertion located within the rpsL was detected in each of these strains. Thirteen different mutants with varied S12 proteins were obtained, including nine streptomycin-dependent mutants. The virulence of all four streptomycin-resistant mutants was further evaluated. Compared with the parental strain, the K42N, K42T and K87R mutants showed a reduction in growth rate, and the K42N and K42T mutants became susceptible to normal human serum. In the mice LD50 (the bacterial dose that caused 50% death) assay, the K42N and K42T mutants were ∼ 1,000-fold less lethal (∼ 2 × 10(5) CFU) and the K87R mutant was ∼ 50-fold less lethal (∼ 1 × 10(4) CFU) than the parental strain (∼ 2 × 10(2) CFU). A K42R mutant showed non-observable effects on the above assays, while this mutant exhibited a small cost (P < 0.01) in an in vitro growth competition experiment. In summary, most of the K. pneumoniae strains with streptomycin resistance caused by rpsL mutations are less virulent than their parental strain in the absence of streptomycin. The K42R mutant showed similar pathogenicity to its parental strain and should be one of the best choices when using rpsL as a counter-selection marker.
Epidemiology of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (1993)

Extensive information on the epidemiology of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) has accumulated since the original transmission of CJD to primates in 1968. One aim of this research was to discover the mechanism of natural transmission of CJD but the epidemiological evidence virtually precludes case to case transmission as a causative mechanism, except in rare iatrogenic cases, and has provided little evidence to suggest an environmental 'source of infection'. An understanding of the few positive epidemiological findings such as the high incidence in Slovakia has depended on major advances in molecular biology rather than on epidemiological evidence. The occurrence of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) has however reinforced the importance of having established the epidemiological characteristics of CJD and this information is an important background on which to evaluate the findings from basic scientific research.
The CLAP Group (2012)

This paper highlights the rationale and implementation of a child centred group within a medical setting. This potentially closed group is made up of preadolescent children with a cleft lip and palate facial disfigurement (CLAP). The proposed group formation is two fold as it tackles the emotional aspect of having a CLAP while also educating the group on how to handle issues of self esteem and bullying. The importance of competent planning and co-facilitation is portrayed within the paper. The potential limitations of the group are also discussed in detail. This paper also marries groupwork theory with other social work perspectives to help create a more balanced approach to the planning, formation, implementation and analysis of the group’s dynamics.