gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chloroperoxidase (1966)

Abstract Chloroperoxidase can utilize chloride, bromide, and iodide ions and catalyze the formation of a carbon-halogen bond in the presence of suitable acceptor molecules. Suitable halogen acceptor molecules are β-keto acids, cyclic β-diketones, and substituted phenols. An optical assay has been developed to measure the halogenating activity of chloroperoxidase. The assay is based on the conversion of monochlorodimedon to the corresponding gem-dihalo derivative. The optical assay is based on the loss of absorbance at 278 mµ associated with the formation of the dihalo derivative from the monohalo compound. In the optical assay, crystalline chloroperoxidase preparations catalyze the formation of the dichlorodimedon from monochlorodimedon, chloride ion, and hydrogen peroxide at a rate of 67,000 moles of product formed per min per mole of enzyme. When bromide ion replaces chloride ion in the optical assay, the rate of formation of monobromo-monochlorodimedon is approximately twice the rate of formation of dichlorodimedon. The chloroperoxidase-catalyzed halogenation of tyrosine can be followed by measuring the decrease in tyrosine fluorescence associated with the formation of the mono- and dihalogenated tyrosines. At low concentrations of halogen anion (0.33 mm) the relative activity among the halogen anions for the halogenation of tyrosine is approximately 5.1:4.8:1 for iodide, bromide, and chloride, respectively. At higher concentrations of halogen anion, 3.3 mm, the ratio of activity between bromide and chloride falls to 3:1. At 3.3 mm iodide concentration, the enzymatic formation of elemental iodine masks the tyrosine fluorescences measurements so that rate comparisons cannot be made in this instance. Crystalline chloroperoxidase preparations catalyze the chlorination of tyrosine at a rate of approximately 7500 moles of product formed per min per mole of enzyme. Fluoride is not a substrate for chloroperoxidase but is an inhibitor of the halogenation reaction. The results indicate that fluoride ion can compete for both the hydrogen peroxide- and the halogen anion-binding sites on chloroperoxidase. Chloroperoxidase shares with other peroxidases the ability to catalyze the oxidation of iodide to iodine. The rate of iodine formation is about 1.5 times the rate of chlorination of monochlorodimedon when the reactions are compared, with equivalent amounts of enzyme and under saturating conditions for all substrates.
UL/DL decoupled user association in dynamic TDD small cell networks (2015)

User association is a key factor that affects the performance of wireless cellular small cell networks. In this paper, the problem of decoupled uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) in time division duplexing (TDD)-based small cell networks is studied. In particular, a dynamic user association scheme is proposed to dynamically balance the UL and DL loads in different small cell base stations (SCBSs). Using the proposed scheme, users can connect to different SCBSs in the UL and the DL depending on the traffic load and signal strength. The proposed user association scheme allows for different UL and DL cell coverage areas that shrink and expand depending on traffic load in both directions. Simulations results show that the proposed scheme achieves significant gains in terms of packet throughput, cell-edge throughput and service delay as compared to static and dynamic duplexing schemes with coupled UL/DL user association.
Dynamical Signatures of Self-Phase-Locking in a Triply Resonant Optical Parametric Oscillator (2004)

We report on specific signatures of self-phase-locking in a cw frequency divide-by-three optical parametric oscillator subject to two competing ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(2)}$ nonlinear processes that couple the signal and idler subharmonic waves. The self-phase-locked pair appears as a broad fringe dip within the mode-pair cluster. We have also observed Hopf instabilities of the zero-detuning case at $\ensuremath{\sim}4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}$ the pump threshold. These results open the path to experimental investigation of quantum entanglement and phase-locked transverse mode structures in this novel class of parametric oscillators.
Mesenchymal stem cells and tissue engineering for orthopaedic surgery. (2004)

Bone marrow contains multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that can differentiate into different mesenchymal lineages whose end-stage cells fabricate bone, cartilage, tendon, fat, and other connective tissues. Our laboratory has been focusing on the purification, culture expansion, the in vivo and the in vitro characterization of MSCs and their descendants. Given the large number of MSCs that can be generated, we have explored their use in different pre-clinical models utilizing the therapeutic potentials of MSCs for musculoskeletal disorders. Using newly evolved tissue engineering principals, we have focus on the treatment of full thickness cartilage damage and, separately, bone non-union. The experimental results suggest the MSCs may provide a powerful therapeutic tool for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. Future efforts should be made to establish reliable and standardized full-scale clinical approaches using MSCs for orthopaedic surgery.
Additively Manufactured Full-Density Stainless Steel 316L With Binder Jet Printing (2018)

Binder jet printing (BJP), one of the early metal 3D printing technologies, has distinct advantages over the other 3D printing processes that employ locally melting or welding to build 3D parts. Some of the advantages of BJP include printed parts free of residual stresses, build plate not being required, and less powder usage. However, the BJP technology has been adopted only in limited applications such as prototyping and sand molding because of its difficulty in achieving full-density parts. Based on our previous work on stainless steel (SS) 420, the same BJP protocol was used to attain full-density parts made of SS 316L. The effect of the particle size, mixture ratio, and sintering additives on the densities of printed and sintered parts is investigated for SS 316L powder. Three distinct sizes of SS 316L powders are mixed to improve the packing density. A systematic study of the binder burn-out procedure is conducted using thermogravimetric analysis, leading to a complete removal of binder phase without oxidizing SS 316L powder. The optimal sintering condition for some powder mixtures is determined to obtain the maximum density with the addition of small amounts of boron compounds as sintering additives. The quality of the fully-sintered SS 316L parts is evaluated using the various measurements including density, microstructure, hardness, and surface roughness. As we did with SS 420, the relative density of 99.6% is obtained for SS 316L without structural distortion. This is the first demonstration of such density for SS 316L using the BJP technology without any infiltration.
<i>In Vivo</i> Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity after Cerebral Ischemia (2009)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. In this study, we explored whether MMP activity can be visualized by noninvasive near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging using an MMP-activatable probe in a mouse model of stroke. C57Bl6 mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or sham operation. Noninvasive NIRF imaging was performed 24 h after probe injection, and target-to-background ratios (TBRs) between the two hemispheres were determined. TBRs were significantly higher in MCAO mice injected with the MMP-activatable probe than in sham-operated mice and in MCAO mice that were injected with the nonactivatable probe as controls. Treatment with an MMP inhibitor resulted in significantly lower TBRs and lesion volumes compared to injection of vehicle. To test the contribution of MMP-9 to the fluorescence signal, MMP9-deficient (MMP9(-/-)) mice and wild-type controls were subjected to MCAO of different durations to attain comparable lesion volumes. TBRs were significantly lower in MMP9(-/-) mice, suggesting a substantial contribution of MMP-9 activity to the signal. Our study shows that MMP activity after cerebral ischemia can be imaged noninvasively with NIRF using an MMP-activatable probe, which might be a useful tool to study MMP activity in the pathophysiology of the disease.
Construction of Multifunctional Modules for Drug Discovery: Synthesis of Novel Thia/Oxa-Azaspiro[3.4]octanes (2013)

New classes of thia/oxa-azaspiro[3.4]octanes are synthesized through the implementation of robust and step-economic routes. The targeted spirocycles have been designed to act as novel, multifunctional, and structurally diverse modules for drug discovery. Furthermore, enantioselective approaches to the spirocycles are reported.
Murine, Not Human, Cell Line (1988)

In the Research News article "Solutions to Euler equation" by Barry A. Cipra (29 Jan., p. 464), the equation in the first line of the fourth paragraph was incorrectly printed. It should have been "x(4) + y(4) + z(4) = u(2)."
Validating the raster risk assessment method in practice (2015)

<p>Telecommunication services are essential to modern information systems, especially so for crisis management. Telecoms systems are complex and difficult to analyse. Current risk assessment methods are either not used because of their complexity, or lack rigorous argumentation to justify their results because they are oversimplified. Our challenge has been to develop a risk assessment method that is both usable in practice and delivers understandable arguments to explain and justify its risk evaluations. After experiments to validate the method in laboratory environments, we now present the first results from successful application with practitioners in a regional crisis organization that provides evidence about the practical usability of the method.</p>
A phase I study of the nitroimidazole hypoxia marker SR4554 using 19F magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2009)

We have demonstrated the feasibility of using 19F MRS with SR4554 as a potential method of detecting hypoxia. Certain patients showed evidence of 19F retention in tumour, supporting further development of this technique for detection of tumour hypoxia.
Inhibition by suloctidil, verapamil and gallopamil of bromolasalocid-mediated calcium transport in fluid and rigid lipid vesicles (1982)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Frequency tuning and control of doubly resonant optical parametric oscillators (1990)

The tuning analysis of the doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator (DRO) is extended to provide a quantitative description of spectral hops between adjacent axial modes and the larger discontinuous frequency changes of cluster jumps, which are in agreement with experimental observations. DRO's offer the advantages of lower pump threshold for oscillation and better frequency selectivity than singly resonant parametric oscillators (SRO's), and it has been demonstrated that DRO's can reproduce the frequency stability of the pump radiation with little additional noise. 1 These advantages, however, are gained with an increase in the complexity of tuning. Control of three parameters, such as pump frequency, temperature, and applied electric field, is required to attain optimum phase and frequency matching of the cavity resonances for DRO operation. The pump-frequency change is divided between the DRO signal and idler. Temperature change used to maintain phase matching and applied potential is used to maintain frequency matching through feedback techniques. DRO's should find application to slowly tuned or fixed-frequency operation, whereas SRO's have advantages for rapidly tuned and transient-pulse operation. Experimental studies to demonstrate stable fixed-frequency operation and slowly tuned operation of DRO's are in progress.
Superior Capsule Reconstruction for Reinforcement of Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Improves Cuff Integrity (2018)

SCR for reinforcement prevented retear at 1 year after ARCR and improved the quality of the repaired tendon on magnetic resonance imaging. Functional outcomes were similar between groups, even though degeneration of the torn tendons was greater among patients who underwent ARCR with SCR.
Eine neue Methode zur Darstellung langkettiger Carbonsäuren, III. Mitteil.: Darstellung einiger ungesättigter und phenylsubstituierter Carbonsäuren (1952)

Abstract Durch Kondensation des Dihydroresorcins mit Allylbromid, 1‐Brom‐cyclohexen‐(2), 1.4‐Dibrom‐buten‐(2) und Benzylehlorid wurden C ‐alkylierte Dihydroresorcine dargestellt. Die Säurespaltung und Reduktion dieser substituierten Dihydroresorcine ergab die entsprechenden ungesättigten und phenylsubstituierten langkettigen Carbonsäuren. Durch Alkylierung von 1‐Benzyl‐cyclohexandion‐(2.6) mit Methyljodid konnte 1‐Methyl‐1‐benzyl‐cyclohexandion‐(2.6) erhalten werden. Diese Verbindung erleidet in Methanol eine Alkoholyse unter Ringöffnung zum 4‐Oxo‐5‐methyl‐6‐phenyl‐hexan‐carbonsäure‐(1)‐methylester, aus dem durch Verseifung und Reduktion 5‐Methyl‐6‐phenyl‐hexan‐carbonsäure ‐(1) erhalten werden konnte.
A fast-firing shrinkage rate controlled dilatometer using an infrared image furnace (1994)

A novel dilatometer design is described for performing rate controlled sintering experiments on powder compacts. Previous rate controlled sintering systems, which control the shrinkage of a sintering compact, possessed only limited shrinkage rate control and shrinkage profile complexity due to the high thermal mass of conventional furnaces and dilatometers. The instrument described in this work features an infrared imaging furnace and a low thermal mass dilatometer assembly which together provide a very rapid temperature response. The system is capable of heating and cooling ceramic samples at up to 500 °C/min. Shrinkage control is accomplished using a modified, computer interfaced proportional-integral-derivative algorithm, and tests on glass–alumina composite samples demonstrated excellent shrinkage control with differences routinely less than 0.2% between the set point and actual shrinkage.
Second Free Flaps in Head and Neck Reconstruction (1998)

Over the past decade, free-tissue transfer has greatly improved the quality of oncology-related head and neck reconstruction. As this technique has developed, second free flaps have been performed for aesthetic improvement of the reconstructed site. This study evaluated the indications for and the success of second free flaps. Medical files for patients who underwent second free flaps for head and neck reconstruction at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, from May 1, 1988 to November 30, 1996, were reviewed. The flaps were classified as being either immediate (done within 72 hr) or delayed (done within 2 years) reconstructions. Indications, risk factors, recipient vessels, outcome, and complications were analyzed. Of the 28 patients included in this study, 12 had immediate (nine as salvage after primary free flap failure, and three for reconstruction of a soft-tissue defect), and 16 had delayed second free flaps (two for reconstruction of a defect resulting from excision of recurrent tumors, and 14 for aesthetic improvement). Reconstruction sites included the oral cavity in 18 patients; the midface in six; the skull base in two; and the scalp in two. The success rate for the second free flaps was 96 percent. Five patients had significant wound complications. In a substantial number of cases, identical recipient vessels were used for both the first and second free flaps. The authors conclude that second free flaps can play an important role in salvaging or improving head and neck reconstruction in selected patients. In many cases, the same recipient vessels can be used for both the first and second flaps.
Near-Full-Length Genome Sequencing of Divergent African HIV Type 1 Subtype F Viruses Leads to the Identification of a New HIV Type 1 Subtype Designated K (2000)

We recently reported a high divergence among African subtype F strains. Three well-separated groups (F1, F2, and F3) have been shown based on the phylogenetic analysis of the p24 gag and envelope sequences with genetic distances similar to those observed for known subtypes. In this study, we characterized the near-full-length genomes of two strains from epidemiological unlinked individual belonging to each of the subgroups: F1 (96FR-MP411), F2 (95CM-MP255 and 95CM-MP257), and F3 (96CM-MP535 and 97ZR-EQTB11). Phylogenetic analysis of the near-full-length sequences and for each of the genes separately showed the same three groups, supported by high bootstrap values. Diversity plotting, BLAST subtyping, and bootstrap plotting confirmed that the divergent F strains correspond to nonrecombinant viruses. The divergence between F1 and F2 is consistently lower than that seen in any other intersubtype comparison, with the exception of subtypes B and D. Based on all the different analyses, we propose to divide subtype F into two subclades, with F1 gathering the known subtype F strains from Brazil and Finland, and our African strain (96FR-MP411), and F2 containing the 95CM-MP255 and 95CM-MP257 strains from Cameroon. The F3 strains, 97ZR-EQTB11 from the Democratic Republic of Congo and 96CM-MP535 from Cameroon, meet the criteria of a new subtype designated as K. The equidistance of subtype K to the other subtypes of HIV-1 suggests that this subtype existed as long as the others, the lower distance between B and D, and between F1 and F2 suggest a more recent subdivision for these latter strains.
Variation of nonlinearity parameter at low fundamental amplitudes (1999)

Recent harmonic generation measurements of the nonlinearity parameter β in polycrystalline Cu–Al alloys have shown a transition to lower values at low fundamental amplitude levels. Values for β at high (&gt;10 Å) fundamental levels are in the range predicted by single-crystal second- and third-order elastic constants while lower fundamental levels (&lt;4 Å) produce values that are a fraction of those predicted. The effect is believed genuine and has been demonstrated recently in a commercial aluminum alloy by others. The source of the effect is unclear but initial results may require a reexamination of current methods for measurement of third-order elastic constants.
Distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial species in stray cats, hospital-visiting cats, and veterinary staff in South Korea (2019)

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance is becoming increasingly important in both human and veterinary medicine. According to the One Health concept, an important step is to monitor the resistance patterns of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and trends of bacteria isolated from stray cats, hospital-visiting cats, and veterinary staff in South Korea between 2017 and 2018 were investigated. Results The minimum inhibitory concentrations of different antibiotics for Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae , and Enterococcus spp. were determined to establish representatives of different antibiotic classes relevant for treatment or surveillance. For Coagulase-positive and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci, resistance to fluoroquinolones was below 13%, but resistance to ampicillin and penicillin was high (20–88%). A total of 9.5%, 12.1%, and 40.3% of staphylococcal isolates from stray cats, hospital-visiting cats, and veterinary staff, respectively, were confirmed to be mecA positive. For Enterobacteriaceae , resistance to carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, and 3rd generation cephalosporins was low (0–11.1%). The Enterococcus spp. isolates showed no resistance to vancomycin. The antimicrobial resistance rates of the Staphylococcus spp. and Enterobacteriaceae isolates from stray cats were usually lower than those of isolates from hospital-visiting cats and veterinary staff, but the Enterococcus spp. isolates revealed the opposite. Thus, the antimicrobial resistance varied across bacterial species according to the source from which they were isolated. Conclusions Resistance to critically important compounds were low. These results emphasize the fact that more attention should be paid to the use of antimicrobials and the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in cats.
Contributions of space-clamp errors to apparent time-dependent loss of Mg<sup>2+</sup> block induced by NMDA (2017)

<i>N</i>-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) govern synaptic plasticity, development, and neuronal response to insult. Prolonged activation of NMDARs such as during an insult may activate secondary currents or modulate Mg<sup>2+</sup> sensitivity, but the conditions under which these occur are not fully defined. We reexamined the effect of prolonged NMDAR activation in juvenile mouse hippocampal slices. NMDA (10 μM) elicited current with the expected negative-slope conductance in the presence of 1.2 mM Mg<sup>2+</sup> However, several minutes of continued NMDA exposure elicited additional inward current at -70 mV. A higher concentration of NMDA (100 µM) elicited the current more rapidly. The additional current was not dependent on Ca<sup>2+</sup>, network activity, or metabotropic NMDAR function and did not persist on agonist removal. Voltage ramps revealed no alteration of either reversal potential or NMDA-elicited conductance between -30 mV and +50 mV. The result was a more linear NMDA current-voltage relationship. The current linearization was also induced in interneurons and in mature dentate granule neurons but not immature dentate granule cells, dissociated cultured hippocampal neurons, or nucleated patches excised from CA1 pyramidal neurons. Comparative simulations of NMDA application to a CA1 pyramidal neuron and to a cultured neuron revealed that linearization can be explained by space-clamp errors arising from gradual recruitment of distal dendritic NMDARs. We conclude that persistent secondary currents do not strongly contribute to NMDAR responses in juvenile mouse hippocampus and careful discernment is needed to exclude contributions of clamp artifacts to apparent secondary currents.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We report that upon sustained activation of NMDARs in juvenile mouse hippocampal neurons there is apparent loss of Mg<sup>2+</sup> block at negative membrane potentials. However, the phenomenon is explained by loss of dendritic voltage clamp, leading to a linear current-voltage relationship. Our results give a specific example of how spatial voltage errors in voltage-clamp recordings can readily be misinterpreted as biological modulation.
Identification of a Hammerstein model of the stretch reflex EMG using cubic splines (2005)

The use of cubic splines, instead of polynomials, in representing static nonlinearities in block structured models is considered. A system identification algorithm for the Hammerstein structure, a static nonlinearity followed by a linear filter, is developed in which the static nonlinearity is represented by a cubic spline. The identification algorithm, based on a separable least squares Levenberg-Marquardt optimization, is used to identify a Hammerstein model of the stretch reflex EMG recorded from a spinal cord injured patient. The resulting model provides more accurate predictions of the reflex EMG, even in novel data, than more conventional models which use polynomial representations of the nonlinearity. Furthermore, the spline based optimization appears to be less sensitive to its initialization than a similar polynomial-based approach.