gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive Detection Algorithm (1986)

A general problem of signal detection in a background of unknown Gaussian noise is addressed, using the techniques of statistical hypothesis testing. Signal presence is sought in one data vector, and another independent set of signal-free data vectors is available which share the unknown covariance matrix of the noise in the former vector. A likelihood ratio decision rule is derived and its performance evaluated in both the noise-only and signal-plus-noise cases.
Stability Control of Vehicle Emergency Braking with Tire Blowout (2014)

For the stability control and slowing down the vehicle to a safe speed after tire failure, an emergency automatic braking system with independent intellectual property is developed. After the system has received a signal of tire blowout, the automatic braking mode of the vehicle is determined according to the position of the failure tire and the motion state of vehicle, and a control strategy for resisting tire blowout additional yaw torque and deceleration is designed to slow down vehicle to a safe speed in an expected trajectory. The simulating test system is also designed, and the testing results show that the vehicle can be quickly stabilized and kept in the original track after tire blowout with the emergency braking system described in the paper.
Alkaloids of Peripentadenia mearsii. I. Isolation, Structural Determination, and Synthesis of Peripentadenine (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkaloids of Peripentadenia mearsii. I. Isolation, Structural Determination, and Synthesis of PeripentadenineJohn A. Lamberton, Y. A. Geewananda, P. Gunawardana, and I. Ralph C. BickCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1983, 46, 2, 235–247Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 March 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50026a019https://doi.org/10.1021/np50026a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views149Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Life on Earth is Getting Better, Not Worse. (1983)

On the basis of an examination of trends in the areas of life expectancy pollution control resource availability food supply and income the author asserts that life on earth is improving rather than deteriorating. There have been rapid gains in life expectancy expecially in developing countries and the incidencs of both acute and chronic diseases has declined. Although pollution has increased in developing countries as a result of industrialization further increases in income are expected to bring about pollution abatement. Measured by cost or price the scarcity of most raw materials has been decreasing and resources can be expected to become more abundant and cheaper in the future. Evidence further indicates that the food supply is increasing despite rising population. Although the earths flora and fauna must be guarded there appears to be little basis for alarm about widespread extinctions. Finally economic trends indicate a shortening of the work week coupled with rising incomes. THe enhancement of material life has been stimulated rather than hindered by population growth. Productivity has increased as a result of additional minds to develop productive new ideas as well as the additional demand for goods. Human energy enthusiasm and ingenuity provide the basis for optimism regarding a solid economic future.
An Alternative Expression for the Symbol-Error Probability of MPSK in the Presence of I/Q Unbalance (2004)

This letter provides a new expression for the probability of the phase angle between two vectors perturbed by Gaussian noise with in-phase/quadrature-phase (I/Q) unbalance, in order to simplify the analysis of the error probabilities of M-ary phase-shift keying (MPSK). The error probabilities, symbol-error rates, or bit-error rates for MPSK with I/Q balance or unbalance, can be presented straightforwardly from the derived expression. Because the newly derived result is provided in terms of the conventional first-order Gaussian Q-function and the joint Gaussian Q-function with a correlation coefficient dependent on M, it readily allows rapid evaluation for various cases of practical interest.
Cigarette smoking and the progression of multiple sclerosis (2005)

An increased risk of multiple sclerosis among smokers has been found in several prospective epidemiological studies. The association between smoking and progression of multiple sclerosis has not been examined. We identified patients who had a first multiple sclerosis diagnosis recorded in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) between January 1993 and December 2000. Their diagnosis and date of first symptoms were confirmed through examination of medical records. Smoking status was obtained from the computer records. To assess the association between smoking and risk of multiple sclerosis, we conducted a case-control study nested in the GPRD. Up to 10 controls per case were randomly selected, matched on age, sex, practice, date of joining the practice and availability of smoking data. To assess the association between smoking and progression of multiple sclerosis, we conducted a cohort study of multiple sclerosis cases with a relapsing-remitting onset. Our nested case-control study included 201 cases of multiple sclerosis and 1913 controls. The odds ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)] of multiple sclerosis was 1.3 (1.0-1.7) for ever smokers compared with never smokers. Our cohort study included 179 cases with a mean (median) length of follow-up of 5.3 (5.3) years. The hazard ratio of secondary progression was 3.6 (95% CI 1.3-9.9) for ever smokers compared with never smokers. These results support the hypothesis that cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis, and suggest that smoking may be a risk factor for transforming a relapsing-remitting clinical course into a secondary progressive course.
Sensitivity-based reactive power control for voltage profile improvement (1993)

The authors present a procedure for dispatching reactive power when voltage deviations are not acceptable. The proposed method, intended for real-time use, determines which control variables are actually effective for solving voltage violations. Efficiency is measured according to sensitivities, current voltage profile and reserve margin of control variables. The selected control variables are rescheduled in proportion to their efficiency coefficients. State-of-the-art sparsity techniques are used to speed up computation of sensitivities. An example is included to show the effectiveness of the method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Adaptive Decision Feedback Equalizer (1971)

An adaptive decision feedback equalizer to detect digital information transmitted by pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) through a noisy dispersive linear channel is described, and its performance through several channels is evaluated by means of analysis, computer simulation, and hardware simulation. For the channels considered, the performance of both the fixed and the adaptive decision feedback equalizers are found to be notably better than that obtained with a similar linear equalizer. The fixed equalizer, which may be used when the channel characteristics are known, exhibits performance which is close to that of the optimum, but impractical, Bayesian receiver and is considerably superior to that of the linear equalizer. The adaptive decision feedback equalizer, which is used when the channel impulse response is unknown or time varying, has a better transient and steady-state performance than the adaptive linear equalizer. The sensitivity of the receiver structure to adjustment and quantization errors is not pronounced.
Mining version histories to verify the learning process of Legitimate Peripheral Participants (2005)

Since code revisions reflect the extent of human involvement in the software development process, revision histories reveal the interactions and interfaces between developers and modules.We therefore divide developers and modules into groups according to the revision histories of the open source software repository, for example, sourceforge.net. To describe the interactions in the open source development process, we use a representative model, Legitimate Peripheral Participation (LPP) [6], to divide developers into groups such as core and peripheral teams, based on the evolutionary process of learning behavior.With the conventional module relationship, we divide modules into kernel and non-kernel types (such as UI). In the past, groups of developers and modules have been partitioned naturally with informal criteria. In this work, however, we propose a developer-module relationship model to analyze the grouping structures between developers and modules. Our results show some process cases of relative importance on the constructed graph of project development. The graph reveals certain subtle relationships in the interactions between core and non-core team developers, and the interfaces between kernel and non-kernel modules.
Structural and Functional Properties of Human Hemoglobins Reassembled after Synthesis in<i>Escherichia</i><i>coli</i><sup>,</sup> (1998)

Human hemoglobin produced in the Escherichia coli coexpression system of Hernan et al. [(1992) Biochemistry 31, 8619-8628] has been transformed into a functionally homogeneous protein whose properties closely approximate those of normal hemoglobin A. Both of the alpha and beta chains of this hemoglobin contain a valine-methionine substitution at position 1 in order to accommodate the difference in specificity of the protein-processing enzymes of procaryotes. Despite extensive purification, functional homogeneity of the E. coli expressed hemoglobin was achieved only by the complete disassembly of the hemoglobin into its component alpha and beta globins and their reassembly in the presence of hemin. The kinetics of CO combination and the thermodynamics of O2 binding and cooperativity of the reassembled alphaV1M-betaV1M hemoglobin closely approximate those of HbA. The alpha globin obtained from the E. coli expressed hemoglobin was also combined with normal human beta chains and hemin to form the alphaV1M variant. The alpha+M variant of HbA, in which the normal N-terminal valine of the alpha chains is preceded by a methionine residue, was prepared by the same procedure. The kinetics of the reactions of CO with the alphaV1M and alpha+M variants are similar to those for HbA. The equilibria of oxygen binding to alphaV1M and HbA are similar whereas alpha+M exhibits a significantly higher oxygen affinity. The three-dimensional structures of alphaV1M and alpha+M offer an explanation for the latter affinity difference. Although the structures of alphaV1M and HbA, which have been determined by X-ray crystallography, are virtually indistinguishable except at the N-terminal residues, that of alpha+M indicates the displacement of a solvent molecule, possibly a chloride ion, from arginine 141alpha. Such an alteration in an anion binding site could result in increased oxygen affinity.
Evaluation of a soluble sustained-release ophthalmic delivery unit in the dog. (1979)

A 5-mg hydroxypropyl cellulose soluble ocular insert was evaluated by placement in the upper and the lower conjunctival and bulbar nictitating membrane fornices in normal dogs. The insert was easily placed in the conjunctival fornices, but was difficult to place in the bulbar nictitating membrane fornix. The conjunctival inserts did not produce irritation of the cornea and the conjunctiva. Placement of the inserts beneath the nictitating membrane produced local irritation and chemosis. The sites of highest to lowest retention for the insert were upper conjunctival fornix, bulbar nictitating membrane fornix, and lastly, lower conjunctival fornix. Dissolution was nearly complete in 8 hours.
Evaluation of a Method to Identify and Categorize Section Headers in Clinical Documents (2009)

The SecTag algorithm accurately identified both labeled and unlabeled sections in history and physical documents. This type of algorithm may assist in natural language processing applications, such as clinical decision support systems or competency assessment for medical trainees.
Indexing for linear model-based information retrieval (2002)

This paper describes the Onion technique, a special indexing structure for linear optimization queries. Linear optimization queries ask for top-N records subject to the maximisation or minimization of a linearly weighted sum of record attribute values. Such a query appears in many applications employing linear models and is an effective way of summarising representative cases, such as the top-50 ranked colleges. Onion indexing is based on a geometric property of a convex hull, which guarantees that the optimal value can always be found at one or more of its vertices. Onion indexing makes use of this property to construct convex hulls in layers with outer layers enclosing inner layers geometrically. A data record is indexed by its layer number or equivalently its depth in the layered convex hull. Queries with linear weightings issued at run time are evaluated from the outmost layer inwards. We show experimentally that Onion indexing achieves orders of magnitude speedup against sequential linear scan when N is small compared to the cardinality of the set. The Onion technique also enables progressive retrieval, which processes and returns ranked results in a progressive manner. Furthermore, the proposed indexing can be extended into a hierarchical organization of data to accommodate both global and local queries.
Radiofrequency Ablation of the Sphenopalatine Ganglion Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography for Intractable Cluster Headache. (2017)

Cone beam computed tomography, sphenopalatine ganglion block, cluster headache, interventional pain, autonomic cephalalgia, radiofrequency ablation.
[Detection of Y chromosome in human and Microtus mandarinus with FISH]. (2003)

The purpose of the investigation was to detect the Y chromosome of human and Microtus mandarinus with the satellite DNA probe in human's Yq by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH). We hybridizied the probe with the metaphase chromosome and interphase nucleus specimens of humanbeing and Microtus mandarinus respectively. The results showed that there was hybridization signal on metaphase chromosome and interphase nucleus of human, but no signal on metaphase chromosome and interphase nucleus of Microtus mandarinus. According to the results,we discussed the homologue between pY3.4 in Y chromosome of humanbeing and DNA of Microtus mandarinus and FISH result of Microtus mandarinus.
Formation of DNA Adducts by the Anticancer Drug Carboplatin: Different Nucleotide Sequence Preferences in Vitro and in Cells (1995)

We have studied the formation of adducts upon carboplatin treatment of isolated DNA and in cells. The major adduct formed in vitro, determined with atomic absorption spectroscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was the intrastrand cross-link cis-Pt(NH3)2d(pGpG)(Pt-GG) (58%). cis-Pt-(NH3)2d(pApG) (Pt-AG) (11%), cis-Pt(NH3)2d(GMP)2 (G-Pt-G) (9%), and monofunctionally bound platinum (cis-Pt(NH3)3dGMP (Pt-G), 22%) were formed in smaller amounts. These relative occurrences of the adducts, average values found between 1 and 16 h of incubation, are comparable with those after incubation with cisplatin. The formation of carboplatin-DNA adducts was slow, and about 230-fold more carboplatin than cisplatin (molar dose) was required to obtain equal levels of platination after 4 h of incubation. However, less than 20 times more carboplatin was needed to obtain equal levels of cytotoxicity after 1 h of exposure of CHO cells. The percentages of the carboplatin-DNA adducts after 7-12 h postincubation of the cells (determined with ELISA), Pt-GG (30%), Pt-AG (16%), G-Pt-G (40%), and Pt-G (14%), were different from those of the in vitro data. After 12 h postincubation, the number of interstrand cross-links (determined by alkaline elution) amounted to about 10% of the G-Pt-G adducts and 3-4% of the total amount of adducts. The immunocytochemical detection (with antiserum NKI-A59) of the platinum-DNA modifications showed a pattern similar to that found for the various bifunctional adducts: the initially low levels slowly increased to maximum values within 7-12 h and then slowly decreased. In conclusion, carboplatin forms the same bifunctional adducts as cisplatin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Molecular and cell biology of addiction. (1993)

Progress was made during the past year in several important areas relevant to cellular and molecular research on addiction. This includes a better understanding of the functioning of neural circuitry involved in the reinforcing properties of drugs of abuse, the cloning of complementary DNA's encoding important molecular targets of addictive drugs, including the first opiate receptors to be cloned, and progress in understanding the molecular basis of adaptive processes underlying dependence and withdrawal.
Stability Ball Versus Office Chair: Comparison of Muscle Activation and Lumbar Spine Posture During Prolonged Sitting (2006)

Prolonged sitting on a stability ball does not greatly alter the manner in which an individual sits, yet it appears to increase the level of discomfort. Therefore, it is important to fully explore a new chair design and consult scientific research before implementing its use.
The design of the 88000 RISC family (1989)

The design and implementation of the RISC (reduced-instruction-set computer) 88000 system in high-speed, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (HCMOS) technology is described. The total system consists of the 88100 processor and two 88200 cache memory management units (CMMUs). The various features and components of the 88000 are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spiritual assessment: developing an assessment tool (2006)

Patients' 'spirituality' is widely considered to be a factor that nurses need to consider in their assessments. But Jeanette Power suggests ways in which assessments can be undertaken, and questions whether one assessment tool can prove adequate in measuring the significance of spirituality in the lives of individuals, all of whom may interpret its meaning differently?
Selection of Single Domain Antibodies from Immune Libraries Displayed on the Surface of E. coli Cells with Two β-Domains of Opposite Topologies (2013)

Screening of antibody (Ab) libraries by direct display on the surface of E. coli cells is hampered by the presence of the outer membrane (OM). In this work we demonstrate that the native β-domains of EhaA autotransporter and intimin, two proteins from enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 (EHEC) with opposite topologies in the OM, are effective systems for the display of immune libraries of single domain Abs (sdAbs) from camelids (nanobodies or VHH) on the surface of E. coli K-12 cells and for the selection of high affinity sdAbs using magnetic cell sorting (MACS). We analyzed the capacity of EhaA and intimin β-domains to display individual sdAbs and sdAb libraries obtained after immunization with the extracellular domain of the translocated intimin receptor from EHEC (TirM(EHEC)). We demonstrated that both systems displayed functional sdAbs on the surface of E. coli cells with little proteolysis and cellular toxicity, although E. coli cells displaying sdAbs with the β-domain of intimin showed higher antigen-binding capacity. Both E. coli display libraries were screened for TirM(EHEC) binding clones by MACS. High affinity binders were selected by both display systems, although more efficiently with the intimin β-domain. The specificity of the selected clones against TirM(EHEC) was demonstrated by flow cytometry of E. coli cells, along with ELISA and surface plasmon resonance with purified sdAbs. Finally, we employed the E. coli cell display systems to provide an estimation of the affinity of the selected sdAb by flow cytometry analysis under equilibrium conditions.
RESPONSES OF BATS FROM TEMPERATE REGIONS TO CHANGES IN AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (1967)

1. Responses to upward and downward changes in ambient temperature from 5° C. were studied in dormant bats of the species E. fuscus, P. subflavus, M. sodalis, M. lucifugus and L. borealis. Rectal temperatures and heart rates were recorded. 2. Except for L. borealis which did not arouse until ambient temperature reached about 20° C., all species responded by arousal from dormancy when the temperature was increased to 15° C. 3. The effects of decreasing ambient temperature varied considerably among species. E. fuscus invariably aroused from dormancy. L. borealis never aroused but showed a thermoregulatory response by increasing its metabolism to compensate for the increase in heat loss. The responses of the other species depended upon the abruptness of the temperature change. Abrupt lowering of ambient temperature tended to induce arousal in M. lucifugus and M. sodalis, whereas these species responded similarly to L. borealis when exposed to gradually decreasing temperature. P. subflavus usually aroused in response to a gradual decrease in ambient temperature, but seemed unable to arouse in response to abrupt lowering of temperature. 4. Bats of the species L. borealis, M. lucifugus and M. sodalis supercooled to -5° C. showed cessation of breathing, but slow heart beats continued for several hours. Passive rewarming was necessary for survival. 5. Many of the known differences in the ecology of the studied species of bats are reflected as differences in their response to changes in ambient temperature in the laboratory.
Formulation of veterinary dosage forms (1983)

Formulation of veterinary dosage forms , Formulation of veterinary dosage forms , کتابخانه الکترونیک و دیجیتال - آذرسا
A Topic Map Editor and Navigation Tool. (2004)

Tonic Maps - ISO/IEC 13250 standard - is a tool capable of organizing information in such a way that it is optimized for navigation and knowledge representation. In the context of this paper we present the implementation of a standalone software application tool (Tmed) which enables the user to make use of the Topic Map technology. TMed is an authoring and navigating tool for Topic Maps, using which a user can create, edit, update and manage XTM files. Topic map editor offers a friendly GUI for topic map authoring process with no need of knowledge of XTM syntax specifications and enhanced features for navigating within different representations. TMed aims to provide an efficient tool that facilitates the process of applying Topic maps in order to organize and retrieve online information in e-learning systems.