gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of nanocomposite surfaces with antibiofouling properties for outdoor insulation applications (2015)

Microbial colonization on the surface of silicone rubber high voltage outdoor insulators often results in the formation of highly hydrated biofilm that influence the surface properties, such as surface hydrophobicity. The loss of hydrophobicity might lead to dry band formation, and, in the worst cases, flashover and failure of the insulator.In this work, the biocidal effects of various antimicrobial compounds in silicone rubber materials were determined. These materials were evaluated according to an ISO standard for the antimicrobial activity against the growth of aggressive fungal strains, and microorganisms that have been found colonizing the surfaces of outdoor insulators in several areas in the world. Several compounds suppressed microbial growth on the surfaces of the materials without compromising the material properties of the silicone rubber. A commercial biocide and thymol were very effective against fungal growth, and sodium benzoate could suppress the fungal growth to some extent. Thymol could also inhibit algal growth. However, methods for preservation of the antimicrobial agents in the bulk of the material need to be further developed to prevent the loss of the compounds during manufacturing. Biofilm formation affected the surface hydrophobicity and complete removal of the biofilm was not achieved through cleaning. Surface analysis confirmed that traces of microorganisms were still present after cleaning.Further, surface modification of the silicone rubber was carried out to study how the texture and roughness of the surface affect biofilm formation. Silicone rubber surfaces with regular geometrical patterns were evaluated to determine the influence of the surface texture on the extent of microbial growth in comparison with plane silicone rubber surfaces. Silicone rubber nanocomposite surfaces, prepared using a spray-deposition method that applied hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanoparticles to obtain hierarchical structures, were studied to determine the effects of the surface roughness and improved hydrophobicity on the microbial attachment. Microenvironment chambers were used for the determination of microbial growth on different modified surfaces under conditions that mimic those of the insulators in their outdoor environments. Different parts of the insulators were represented by placing the samples vertically and inclined. The microbial growth on the surfaces of the textured samples was evenly distributed throughout the surfaces because of the uniform distribution of the water between the gaps of the regular structures on the surfaces. Microbial growth was not observed on the inclined and vertical nanocomposite surfaces due to the higher surface roughness and improved surface hydrophobicity, whereas non-coated samples were colonized by microorganisms.
Development of Highly Corrosion Resistant 18-8 Stainless Steel for Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Plants (1995)

Abstract Corrosion behavior of ultra low carbon 18-8 stainless steel was evaluated in boiling nitric acid environment. Although ultra low carbon stainless steel shows excellent corrosion resistance, it is, due to low carbon content, easily induced martensite by cold work. Increasing the strain induced martensite by cold work, the corrosion rate of 18-8 stainless steel increased. Corrosion rate is summarized as a function of stability factor which represents a resistance to martensite transformation induced by cold work and highly austenitic stabilized steel showed better corrosion resistance. Ultra low carbon 18-8 stainless steel which is highly stabilized austenitie was designed and manufactured with commercial mill. The developed steel showed an excellent corrosion resistance in boiling nitric acid even after cold work. The corrosion rate of the welded joint was also excellent as well as matrix.
Editorial Comments (1985)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Aug 1985Editorial Comments Leonard M. Zinman Leonard M. ZinmanLeonard M. Zinman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)47124-2AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comments." The Journal of Urology, 134(2), p. 283 © 1985 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 134Issue 2August 1985Page: 283 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1985 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Leonard M. Zinman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Measurement of fibre-optic chromatic dispersion from RIN spectra of a tunable fibre laser (1993)

The chromatic dispersion of optical fibre is determined from the wavelength dependence of the mode spacing of the fibre laser with and without the intracavity test fibre. This approach is particularly useful for characterising the dispersion of modelocked fibre lasers, where control of the total laser dispersion is required.
Mechanisms of Plastic and Fracture Instabilities for Alloy Development of Fusion Materials. Final Project Report for period July 15, 1998 - July 14, 2003 (2003)

The main objective of this research was to develop new computational tools for the simulation and analysis of plasticity and fracture mechanisms of fusion materials, and to assist in planning and assessment of corresponding radiation experiments.
Dynamic Stark effect in semiconductors: high-speed modulation (1990)

Laser excitation above the bandgap of semiconductor materials like GaAs creates a high density of electrons and holes. These quasi particles form a quantum mechanical system in which optical nonlinearities arise as a result of many-body effects such as screening of the Coulomb potential, reduction of the bandgap, and filling of the band and of the states.' The refractive index change resulting from such processes may be employed to demonstrate a variety of devices such as nonlinear switches, modulators, and logic gates. These optical nonlinearities may be measured using various techniques such as four-wave mixing, interferometry, and modulation spectroscopy. In the latter technique, an analogy is established to the electroreflectance effect2'3 in which the optical properties of a semiconductor are modulated by the application of a low-frequency electric field. In the experiment reported here, the modulating element is the E-field of the pump beam. At a much higher frequency than in electroreflectance spectroscopy, the pump beam thus produces field-induced reflectance and transmittance changes from which the refractive index change is obtained.
A Pertussis Toxin Substrate Regulates α<sub>1</sub>-Adrenergic Dependent Phosphatidylinositol Hydrolysis in Cultured Rat Myocytes* (1987)

The chronotropic response of the heart to alpha 1-adrenergic catecholamines influenced by pertussis toxin under certain conditions. In view of the fact that alpha 1-adrenergic action is mediated by the phosphatidylinositol pathway of hormone action in many cells, we examined the hypothesis that alpha-adrenergic agonists stimulate phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis in cardiomyocytes and that this effect is sensitive to pertussis toxin. Addition of norepinephrine to cultured rat ventricular myocytes prelabeled with myo-[2-3H]inositol resulted in rapid and significant accumulation of inositol phosphate (IP1) and inositol biphosphate. Norepinephrine-stimulated IP1 formation was not inhibited by propranolol, but was inhibited by alpha-adrenergic antagonists with an order of potency indicating alpha 1-adrenergic receptor subselectivity: prazosin (alpha 1; 3 nM) greater than yohimbine (alpha 2; 10 microM). The effect of norepinephrine to enhance IP1 formation was markedly attenuated in cells pretreated with pertussis toxin. Pertussis toxin also induced the transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD to a 41,000-dalton membrane protein in these cells. The concentration of pertussis toxin resulting in maximal inhibition of norepinephrine-stimulated IP1 formation correlated well with the concentration of pertussis toxin necessary to completely ADP-ribosylate a 41,000-dalton membrane protein (1 ng/ml). The range over which pertussis toxin inhibited norepinephrine-dependent IP1 formation and ADP-ribosylated the 41,000-dalton substrate was virtually identical. These observations establish a role for a 41,000-dalton pertussis toxin substrate in coupling the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor to phosphoinositol hydrolysis in myocardial cells.
Mucosal Homeostasis: Role of Interleukins, Isotype-specific factors and Contrasuppression in the IgA response (1989)

Oral ingestion of antigen elicits immune responses at mucosal sites where humoral immunity is largely due to antibodies of the IgA isotype. This is often accompanied by suppression of systemic responses to the same antigen, a state termed oral tolerance. This IgA response is regulated by interactions between T cell subsets found at IgA inductive tissues, i.e., the gut-associated lymphoreticular tissue (GALT) or Peyer's patches (PP). PP T helper (Th) cells support IgA responses, and interleukins 5 (IL-5) and IL-6 can augment secretion of this isotype. Subsets of Th cells may also express Fc receptors for IgA (Fc alpha R) and secrete Fc alpha R as an IgA-binding factor (IBF alpha). Membrane-derived Fc alpha R is a glycoprotein of 38,000 M.W. and this molecule induces selective increases in IgA secreting cells (as determined by the ELISPOT assay) in PP B cell cultures. Fc alpha R+ T cell lines have been shown to secrete IBF alpha as well as IL-5 both of which promote IgA synthesis. Recombinant IL-5 (rIL-5) and rIL-6 induce IgA synthesis mainly by PP B cell blasts, and principally act on surface IgA-positive (sIgA+) B cells for these responses. Another form of mucosal regulation is provided by T contrasuppressor (Tcs) cells, which abrogate oral tolerance when adoptively transferred to mice and restore systemic responsiveness to the antigen sheep erythrocyte (SRBC). Tcs cells from mice systemically primed with SRBC support IgM and IgG subclass responses, while Tcs cells from orally primed mice support IgM, IgG subclass and IgA anti-SRBC responses. These Tcs cells are CD3+, CD4-, 8- and are antigen-specific. These regulatory cells may use the gamma-delta (gamma-delta) form of T cell receptor for antigen recognition.
Maternal low-protein diet programmes offspring growth in association with alterations in yolk leptin deposition and gene expression in yolk-sac membrane, hypothalamus and muscle of developing Langshan chicken embryos (2009)

The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the influence of maternal low-protein (LP) diet on offspring growth in the chicken. One hundred and twenty Chinese inbred Langshan breeder hens were allocated randomly into two groups fed diets containing low (10%, LP) or normal (15%) crude protein levels. Low dietary protein did not affect the body weight of hens, but significantly decreased the laying rate and egg weight. The yolk leptin content was significantly lower in eggs laid by LP hens, while no differences were detected for yolk contents of corticosterone, tri-iodothyronine (T3) or thyroxine. Despite significantly lower hatch weight, the LP offspring demonstrated obviously higher serum T3 concentration, which is in accordance with the faster post-hatch growth rate achieving significantly heavier body weight and pectoralis major muscle weight 4 weeks post-hatching. Expression of 20-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20-HSD) mRNA in the yolk-sac membrane was significantly down-regulated at embryonic day 14, whereas that of transthyretin and leptin receptor (LepR) was not altered. Moreover, hypothalamic expression of 20-HSD, glucocorticoid receptors, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and LepR mRNA was significantly up-regulated in the LP group compared with their control counterparts. In the pectoralis major muscle, significantly higher expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-I receptor mRNA was observed in LP embryos. The present study provides evidence that maternal LP diet programmes post-hatch growth of the offspring. The associated alterations in yolk leptin deposition as well as in yolk-sac membrane, fetal hypothalamus and muscle gene expression may be involved in mediating such programming effect in the chicken.
Insertional inactivation of the vaccinia virus 32-kilodalton gene is associated with attenuation in mice and reduction of viral gene expression in polarized epithelial cells (1992)

The mechanism of poxvirus attachment to cells is poorly understood. We have identified a 32-kDa envelope protein of vaccinia virus which binds to the surface of cultured cells. This binding is specific and selective (J.-S. Maa, J. F. Rodriguez, and M. Esteban, J. Biol. Chem. 265:22174-22180, 1990; C. Lai, S. Gong, and M. Esteban, J. Virol. 65:499-504, 1991). In this investigation, we studied the effect of inactivating the 32-kDa gene (32K gene) on the biology of vaccinia virus. We show that inactivation of the 32K gene decreases by 80% the mortality of mice infected with 32K- vaccinia virus. This reduction in mortality correlates with diminished viral gene expression in target tissues. In highly polarized epithelial cells, viral gene expression of 32K- virus was reduced (50 to 60%) at both the apical and basolateral surfaces in comparison with a 32K+ virus. Restriction of virus gene expression in polarized cell surfaces occurs for both intracellular and extracellular forms of infectious 32K- vaccinia virus. The two infectious forms of vaccinia virus 32K+ infect polarized cells preferentially by the basolateral surface. Our findings provide evidence of the importance of the 32-kDa protein in viral pathogenesis.
Advances in Catalytic Processes, Vol. 2:  Asymmetric Catalysis Edited by Michael P. Doyle (University of Arizona). JAI Press:  New York. 1997. 287 pp. ISBN 0-7623-0068-X. (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewAdvances in Catalytic Processes, Vol. 2: Asymmetric Catalysis Edited by Michael P. Doyle (University of Arizona). JAI Press: New York. 1997. 287 pp. ISBN 0-7623-0068-X.Mark LautensView Author Information University of TorontoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 38, 9978Publication Date (Web):September 17, 1998Publication History Published online17 September 1998Published inissue 1 September 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja985657nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja985657nbook-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical reactions,Enantioselective synthesis,Ligands,Organic synthesis,Transition metal complexes Get e-Alerts
O-phospho-l-serine: a modulator of bone healing in calcium-phosphate cements (2008)

Bone substitution materials are seen as an alternative to autogenous bone transplants in the reconstruction of human bone structures. The aim of the present animal study was to evaluate the clinical handling and the conditions of bone healing after the application of a phosphoserine and collagen-I-modified calcium-phosphate cement (Biozement D). The application of phosphoserine is supposed to influence the texture of the extracellular matrix. Standardised bone defects were created in the lower jaw of 10 adult minipigs. These defects were reconstructed with a pasty calcium-phosphate cement mixture. After a healing time of 4 months, the animals were sacrificed. The mandibles of all animals were resected and non-decalcified histological sections of the areas of interest were prepared. The experiment was evaluated by means of qualitative histology and histomorphometry. The hydroxyapatite cement entirely hardened intraoperatively. Modelling and handling of the cement was facile and the margin fit to the host bone was excellent. Histology showed that resorption started in the periphery and proceeded exceptionally fast. The bony substitution, especially in phosphoserine-endowed cements, was very promising. After a healing period of 4 months, phosphoserine cements showed a bone regeneration of nearly two-thirds of the defect sizes. In the applied animal experiment, the newly developed hydroxyapatite collagen-I cement is well suited for bone substitution due to its easy handling, its excellent integration and good resorption characteristics. The addition of phosphoserine is very promising in terms of influencing resorption features and bone regeneration.
The deceptively simple thermolysis of trivalent permethyltitanocene derivatives (.eta.5-C5Me5)2TiR. Formation of a tetramethylfulvene titanium compound (.eta.6-C5Me4CH2)(.eta.5-C5Me5)Ti and RH, catalyzed by permethyltitanocene hydride, (.eta.5-C5Me5)2TiH (1992)

The complexes Cp*2TiR (Cp* = η5-C5Me5; R = Me, Et, n-Pr, C2H3, CH2CMe3, Ph) undergo thermolysis to yield the fulvene complex Cp*FvTi (Fv = η6-C5Me4CH2) and RH. Kinetic measurements and deuterium labeling studies show that the decomposition is catalyzed by Cp*2TiH, which is formed either by β-hydrogen elimination from a titanium alkyl Cp*2TiCH2CH2R at low temperature or by hydrogenolysis of Cp*2TiR or Cp*FvTi, using dihydrogen eliminated from Cp*FvTi at elevated temperatures. Permethyltitanocene is not an intermediate. The rate of the catalyzed decomposition of Cp*2TiCH2CMe3 is linear in [Cp*2TiH]. For Cp*2TiMe it is proportional to [Cp*2TiH] and [Cp*2TiMe] and inversely proportional to the starting concentration of Cp*2TiMe. This is explained in a kinetic scheme, where H2, eliminated from Cp*2TiH to give Cp*FvTi, reacts with Cp*2TiR to regenerate Cp*2TiH and liberate RH. The model is supported by the reaction of (Cp*-d15)2TiD and Cp*2TiCH2CMe3 yielding Cp*2TiD and (Cp*FvTi-d29).
Electric field control of domain wall logic in piezoelec-tric/ferromagnetic nanodevices (2012)

Power dissipation is one of the most important factors limiting the future miniaturisation of integrated circuits. The capability of controlling magnetic states with a low voltage through magnetoelectric coupling in magnetostrictive/piezoelectric systems may pave the way toward ultra low-power electronics. Although the former effect has been demon-strated in several multiferroic heterostructures, the incorporation of such complex geometries into practical magnetic memory and logic nanodevices has been lacking. Here, we demonstrate the room temperature control of a domain wall gate with an electric field in a nanowire consisting of a laterally polarized piezoelectric bar inducing a giant strain in a ferromagnetic spin-valve. We propose to use such novel domain wall gate as an elementary brick to generate a complete set of boolean logic functions or stabilize domain walls in high density memory applications.
Characterization of Loosely Associated Material from the Cell Surface of <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subsp. <i>cremoris</i> E8 and Its Phage-Resistant Variant Strain 398 (1993)

Loosely associated material (LAM) was isolated by gentle extraction procedures from the cell surface of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris E8 and its phage-resistant variant strain 398. LAM from both strains was chemically characterized, and its role in the adsorption of three small isometric bacteriophages, phi 618, phi 833, and phi 852, to the cell surface of the two strains was investigated. The phage-resistant strain (strain 398) produced LAM which differed significantly from the material produced by the parent strain. The total yield of LAM from strain 398 was two- to threefold higher than that from strain E8, and the material contained fivefold more rhamnose and twofold more galactose. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis showed that LAM from strain 398 lacked a 21-kDa protein which was present in LAM from the parent strain. Inhibition studies of phage binding by using isolated LAM from two strains showed that although LAM from strain E8 reduced the titer of phi 618 and phi 852 by 53 and 82% respectively, LAM from strain 398 had no effect on the plaque-forming ability of any of the three phages tested. Treatment of LAM from strain E8 with sodium metaperiodate destroyed its ability to bind with phi 618 and phi 852. Phenotypically, strain 398 differed from its parent strain E8 in that it was more prone to cell lysis and required an osmotically adjusted buffer system for the extraction of LAM.
Appearance-preserving tactile optimization (2020)

Textures are encountered often on various common objects and surfaces. Many textures combine visual and tactile aspects, each serving important purposes; most obviously, a texture alters the object's appearance or tactile feeling as well as serving for visual or tactile identification and improving usability. The tactile feel and visual appearance of objects are often linked, but they may interact in unpredictable ways. Advances in high-resolution 3D printing enable highly flexible control of geometry to permit manipulation of both visual appearance and tactile properties. In this paper, we propose an optimization method to independently control the tactile properties and visual appearance of a texture. Our optimization is enabled by neural network-based models, and allows the creation of textures with a desired tactile feeling while preserving a desired visual appearance at a relatively low computational cost, for use in a variety of applications.