gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A GATA Factor Mediates Cell Type-Restricted Induction of HLA-E Gene Transcription by Gamma Interferon (2004)

The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ib gene, HLA-E, codes for the major ligand of the inhibitory receptor NK-G-2A, which is present on most natural killer (NK) cells and some CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes. We have previously shown that gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) induction of HLA-E gene transcription is mediated through a distinct IFN-gamma-responsive element, the IFN response region (IRR), in all cell types studied. We have now identified and characterized a cell type-restricted enhancer of IFN-gamma-mediated induction of HLA-E gene transcription, designated the upstream interferon response region (UIRR), which is located immediately upstream of the IRR. The UIRR mediates a three- to eightfold enhancement of IFN-gamma induction of HLA-E transcription in some cell lines but not in others, and it functions only in the presence of an adjacent IRR. The UIRR contains a variant GATA binding site (AGATAC) that is critical to both IFN-gamma responsiveness and to the formation of a specific binding complex containing GATA-1 in K562 cell nuclear extracts. The binding of GATA-1 to this site in response to IFN-gamma was confirmed in vivo in a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Forced expression of GATA-1 in nonexpressing U937 cells resulted in a four- to fivefold enhancement of the IFN-gamma response from HLA-E promoter constructs containing a wild-type but not a GATA-1 mutant UIRR sequence and increased the IFN-gamma response of the endogenous HLA-E gene. Knockdown of GATA-1 expression in K562 cells resulted in a approximately 4-fold decrease in the IFN-gamma response of the endogenous HLA-E gene, consistent with loss of the increase in IFN-gamma response of HLA-E promoter-driven constructs containing the UIRR in wild-type K562 cells. Coexpression of wild-type and mutant adenovirus E1a proteins that sequester p300/CBP eliminated IFN-gamma-mediated enhancement through the UIRR, but only partially reduced induction through the IRR, implicating p300/CBP binding to Stat-1alpha at the IRR in the recruitment of GATA-1 to mediate the cooperation between the UIRR and IRR. We propose that the GATA-1 transcription factor represents a cell type-restricted mediator of IFN-gamma induction of the HLA-E gene.
Cybersecurity for Critical Infrastructures: Attack and Defense Modeling (2010)

Disruption of electric power operations can be catastrophic on national security and the economy. Due to the complexity of widely dispersed assets and the interdependences among computer, communication, and power infrastructures, the requirement to meet security and quality compliance on operations is a challenging issue. In recent years, the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) established a cybersecurity standard that requires utilities' compliance on cybersecurity of control systems. This standard identifies several cyber-related vulnerabilities that exist in control systems and recommends several remedial actions (e.g., best practices). In this paper, a comprehensive survey on cybersecurity of critical infrastructures is reported. A supervisory control and data acquisition security framework with the following four major components is proposed: (1) <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">real-time monitoring</i> ; (2) <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">anomaly detection</i> ; (3) <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">impact analysis</i> ; and (4) <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mitigation strategies</i> . In addition, an attack-tree-based methodology for impact analysis is developed. The attack-tree formulation based on power system control networks is used to evaluate <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">system</i> -, <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">scenario</i> -, and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">leaf</i> -level vulnerabilities by identifying the system's adversary objectives. The leaf vulnerability is fundamental to the methodology that involves port auditing or password strength evaluation. The measure of vulnerabilities in the power system control framework is determined based on existing cybersecurity conditions, and then, the vulnerability indices are evaluated.
Integral design method for nonimaging concentrators (1996)

We present an integral design method for maximizing concentration onto a given absorber shape. This technique uses a variable-acceptance edge-ray principle to transform nonuniform input and output radiance distributions. It easily recovers familiar designs that transform uniform radiance distributions. The method is simpler to use and more general than previous nonimaging design techniques, such as string methods and flow-line approaches. We show how this technique is adapted to satisfy diverse boundary conditions, such as satisfying total internal reflection or design within a material of graded index. Presented are an analytic solution to the classic θ1–θ2 concentrator and a novel two-stage, two-dimensional solar collector with a fixed circular primary mirror and nonimaging secondary. This newly developed secondary provides a 25% improvement in concentration over conventional nonimaging secondaries.
Fully homomorphic encryption (2017)

The notion of a fully homomorphic encryption scheme over integers with public key compression has been proposed by Coron. The main attractive feature of this scheme is the reduction of the public key size, which is obtained by encrypting the plaintext with a quadratic form in the public key elements instead of in a linear form. In this work, we adopt this technique and apply it to the hidden ideal lattice scheme to acquire a more efficient scheme based on the hidden ideal lattice. The security of our scheme is based on the bounded distance decoding over the hidden ideal lattice. Additionally, we also describe a variant of the scheme with higher degrees. The scheme shows a better level of efficiency in comparison to the original scheme.
Parallel Evolutionary Algorithm for Designing Water Distribution Networks to Minimize Background Leakage (2015)

Leaks in water distribution systems waste energy and water resources, increase damage to infrastructure, and may allow contamination of potable water. This research develops an evolutionary algorithm-based approach to minimize the cost of water loss, new infrastructure, and operations that reduce background leakage. A new design approach is introduced that minimizes capital and operational costs, including energy and water loss costs. Design decisions identify a combination of infrastructure improvements, including pipe replacement and valve installment, and operation rules for tanks and pumps. Solution approaches are developed to solve both a single-objective and multiobjective problem formulation. A genetic algorithm and a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm are implemented within a high-performance computing platform to select tank sizes, pump placement and operations, placement of pressure-reducing valves, and pipe diameters for replacing pipes. The evolutionary algorithm approaches identify solutions that minimize water loss due to leakage, operational costs, and capital costs, while maintaining pressure at nodes and operational feasibility for tanks and pumps. Solutions are compared to identify a recommended design. The framework is demonstrated to redesign a water distribution system for an illustrative case study, C-Town.
Research and integration of marine embedded AIS information terminal (2008)

A design method of AIS information terminal is put forward. Considering the different request of real-time and operable characteristics, the terminal can be divided into two parts: using S3C44B0X ARM7 processing board and embedded real-time operating system uC/OS-II to implement the functions of AIS information processing, time-slot selecting, information transmitting, etc; using S3C2440A ARM9 platform with Windows CE transplanted to, receiving information from the AIS module through UART, to implement the marine GIS function. Meanwhile, with CDMA module installed, we can communicate with the control center on the shore in double directions and a long distance.
Globular Adiponectin Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Primed Inflammasomes Activation in Macrophages via Autophagy Induction: The Critical Role of AMPK Signaling (2017)

The inflammasome acts as a key platform for the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Adiponectin exhibits potent anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of adiponectin on the modulation of the inflammasome has not been explored. Herein, we show that globular adiponectin (gAcrp) suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed inflammasomes activation in murine peritoneal macrophages judged by prevention of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) maturation, caspase-1 activation, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) speck formation, and pyroptotic cell death. Interestingly, pretreatment with 3-methyl adenine, a pharmacological inhibitor of autophagy, abrogated the suppressive effects of gAcrp on IL-1β secretion and caspase-1 activation, indicating the crucial role of autophagy induction in gAcrp-modulation of the inflammasome activation. In addition, inhibition of 5'Adenosine monophaspahate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling abolished suppressive effect of gAcrp on inflammasomes activation. Furthermore, autophagy induction or inhibition of the inflammasome activation by gAcrp was not observed in macrophages deficient in AMPK. Taken together, these results indicate that adiponectin inhibits LPS-primed inflammasomes activation in macrophages via autophagy induction and AMPK signaling-dependent mechanisms.
Research of Hydrogen Preparation with Catalytic Steam-Carbon Reaction Driven by Photo-Thermochemistry Process (2013)

An experiment of hydrogen preparation from steam-carbon reaction catalyzed by K 2 CO 3 was carried out at 700°C, which was driven by the solar reaction system simulated with Xenon lamp. It can be found that the rate of reaction with catalyst is 10 times more than that without catalyst. However, for the catalytic reaction, there is no obvious change for the rate of hydrogen generation with catalyst content range from 10% to 20%. Besides, the conversion efficiency of solar energy to chemical energy is more than 13.1% over that by photovoltaic-electrolysis route. An analysis to the mechanism of catalytic steam-carbon reaction with K 2 CO 3 is given, and an explanation to the nonbalanced [H 2 ]/[CO + 2CO 2 ] is presented, which is a phenomenon usually observed in experiment.
Ammonium Nitrogen Movement in a Coarse‐Textured Soil Amended with Zeolite (1985)

Abstract Leaching of NH + 4 from coarse‐textured soils treated with nitrification inhibitors is affected by the soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), the presence of other ions, and the percolation rate. Natural zeolites have unique chemical and physical properties that could enhance the retention of monovalent cations in coarse‐textured soils. Column experiments to evaluate NH + 4 movement in Rositas loamy sand (Typic Torripsamment) amended with erionite (E) or clinoptilolite (K) natural zeolite at rates of 0, 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 g zeolite kg −1 soil were conducted. Water saturated soil‐zeolite mixtures (1.0 kg) received 200 mg NH + 4 ‐N and were leached with 3.0 liters (150 cm) of deionized water containing a nitrification inhibitor [2‐chloro‐6‐(trichloromethyl) pyridine]. Total NH + 4 ‐N leached ranged from 168.4 mg N for the unamended soil (CEC = 29 cmol(+) kg −1 ) to 11.6 mg N for the 50.0 g E kg soil (CEC = 102 cmol(+) kg −1 ). Total effluent NH + 4 ‐N at a given amendment rate was less from zeolite E(CEC = 1570 cmol(+) kg −1 ) than zeolite K (CEC = 1140 cmol(+) kg −1 ). The distribution of NH + 4 recovered in 5‐cm increments was dependent on the CEC of the soil‐zeolite mixture. As the CEC increased, the depth of maximum accumulation decreased. These results indicate that zeolites effectively enhanced the retention of NH + 4 subject to leaching and zeolite application per unit soil volume may be maximized by restricting the depth of incorporation.
Increased Anticoagulation During Cardiopulmonary Bypass by Prostaglandin E (1) (1998)

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) inhibits tissue factor/factor VIIa-dependent thrombin formation and platelet procoagulant activity. These pathways may trigger thrombin generation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We hypothesized that the therapeutic combination of PGE1 and heparin increases the degree of anticoagulation as measured by reduced thrombin generation during CPB. Patients undergoing primary coronary artery bypass grafting using CPB were anticoagulated with unfractionated porcine heparin and 12.5 ng [center dot] kg-1 [center dot] min-1 PGE1 (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20). Plasma markers that reflect thrombin generation (prothrombin fragment F1+2, thrombin-antithrombin complex) were determined, and postoperative bleeding was documented. Thrombin generation gradually increased in both groups during and after CPB but was lower in the PGE1 group. After CPB, the difference between mean levels of prothrombin fragment F1+2 was 1.9 nmol/L (95% confidence interval for difference 1.1 to 2.8; P = 0.001). The difference between mean levels of thrombin-antithrombin complex was 43.6 ng/mL (21.2 to 66.1; P = 0.001). A trend in reduced postoperative bleeding was observed in the PGE1 group with a difference of sample means of 183 mL (-5 to 371; P = 0.056). Adding PGE1 to unfractionated heparin enhances anticoagulation during CPB. The results suggest that reduced thrombin generation during surgery may decrease postoperative bleeding. Implications: Cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with extensive thrombin generation even in the presence of clinically sufficient heparin anticoagulation. The addition of prostaglandin E1 to heparin enhances the degree of anticoagulation as measured by reduced thrombin formation during cardiopulmonary bypass. (Anesth Analg 1998;87:985-8)
A body-worn Delayed Auditory Feedback Fluency Aid for stammerers (1979)

Body-worn fluency aiming to relieve the disability of stammering during periods of use (just as spectacles correct defective vision only while worn, and make no claim to treat or cure the disability) have been envisaged for a quarter of a century. Most have been based on Auditory feedback Masking, but the Aid described here is probably the first body-worn version to be based on the principle of Delayed Auditory Feedback, recognised for 20 years as an aid to fluency, but hitherto available only in desk-top equipment. The embodiment described here fits easily into a breast pocket and is wired to a tie-pin microphone and two standard hearing aid earpieces. Voice actuated switching enables other speakers to be heard clearly and undelayed. Results of early clinical trials are indicated.
Ultralow-density copper nanowire aerogel monoliths with tunable mechanical and electrical properties (2013)

Ultralow-density metal aerogel monoliths were successfully fabricated from copper nanowires. Their conductivity, mechanical strength and surface wetting properties were finely tunable.
Theory of homogeneous isentropic compression and its application to laser fusion (1974)

The hydrodynamic theory and properties of spherical homogeneous isentropic compression are discussed. Computer results are described showing that a close approximation to compressions of this type may be accomplished by light-induced pellet ablation if the light absorbed by the pellet is properly programmed with time, and is spatially uniform over the pellet surface. Pellet compressions in excess of ten thousand-fold are computed.
A seroprevalence survey of hepatitis B markers among Haitians in a southwest Florida farming community. (1985)

We determined the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus markers among 123 Haitian mothers and children in a southwest Florida farming community. Fifty-five per cent of mothers had one or more markers including two who were HBsAg positive. Only seven (10 per cent) children had markers; none were HBsAg positive. Pregnant Haitian women should be screened for HBsAg and infants born to those who are positive should receive immunoprophylaxis. Medical, dental, and laboratory workers caring for Haitian patients should also receive hepatitis B vaccine.
Prospective randomized multicenter clinical trial on the use of interferon -2a plus acitretin versus interferon -2a plus PUVA in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma stages I and II. (1998)

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) constitutes a malignant proliferative disease involving mostly CD4(+) T cells arising in the skin. Because of the lack of curative treatment options, interferons (IFN) have been introduced into the therapy of CTCL. Although effective even in advanced disease, response rates were about 50% and the duration of response was short. To improve the results of interferon monotherapy, combinations of IFN with oral photochemotherapy (PUVA) or retinoids were investigated in nonrandomized trials showing higher response rates. We have therefore conducted this prospective randomized multicenter trial to compare these two combination therapies, ie, IFN plus PUVA and IFN plus acitretin. IFN -2a was administered at 9 MU three times weekly subcutaneously in both groups, with lower increasing doses during the first week. Photochemotherapy was applied after oral intake of 8-methoxypsoralen (0.6 mg/kg body weight) 5x weekly during the first 4 weeks, 3x weekly from weeks 5 through 23, and 2x weekly from weeks 24 through 48, with escalating doses beginning with 0.25 J/cm2. Twenty-five milligrams of acitretin was administered daily during the first week, and 50 mg was administered from weeks 2 through 48. Of 98 patients randomized in this study, 82 stage I and II patients were evaluable: 40 in the IFN+PUVA group and 42 in the IFN+acitretin group. With 70% complete remissions in the IFN+PUVA group, this treatment was significantly superior to the IFN+acitretin group with only 38.1% complete remissions. Time to response was significantly shorter in the IFN+PUVA group, with 18.6 weeks compared with 21.8 weeks in the IFN+acitretin group. Side effects were mostly mild to moderate and did not differ significantly in both treatment groups. However, there were more adverse events leading to study discontinuation in the IFN+acitretin group. Based on these findings, we conclude that IFN plus oral photochemotherapy is superior to IFN plus acitretin, inducing more complete remissions in patients with CTCL stages I and II.
<title>Case-based approach to handling aircraft malfunctions</title> (1993)

Reasoning about physical systems in operation is a difficult task, and any attempt to automate the process must overcome the problems of modeling normal behavior, diagnosing faults, and predicting future behavior. This paper describes a prototypical case-based reasoner (CBR) that operates in the domain of in-flight fault diagnosis and prognosis of aviation subsystems, particularly jet engines. The reasoner operates on the observation that the ability of a CBR program to reason about physical systems can be significantly enhanced by the addition to the CBR program of a model of the physical system to describe the system's structural, functional, and causal behavior.
Ribosomal DMA sequences discriminate among toxic and non‐toxic <i>Pseudonitzschia</i> species (1994)

Cultured isolates of Pseudonitzschia australis Frenguelli, P. delicatissima (Cleve) Heiden, P. americana (Hasle) Fryxell, P. pungens (Grunow) Hasle, and P. pungens f. multiseries (Hasle) Hasle from Monterey Bay, California, were compared on the basis of their large-subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LsrDNA). Pseudonitzschia australis, P. pungens f. multiseries, and P. delicatissima were previously shown to produce the neurotoxin domoic acid; the remaining isolates are considered non-toxic. For each isolate approximately 800 base pairs of LsrDNA, encompassing both evolutionarily conserved and evolutionarily variable regions of the molecule, were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Phylogenetic trees generated by parsimony analysis of aligned sequences afford a preliminary view of the organisms genetic relationships. Species defined by morphological criteria are also distinguishable by LsrDNA sequence. Organisms known or suspected to produce domoic acid cluster at different termini on the phylogenetic tree. Two genetically distinct strains of P. australis and P. pungens were identified. Development of a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay of the LsrDNA is described. The RFLP assay discriminates each species, including distinguished strains of P. australis and P. pungens. The restriction test provides a rapid and convenient method for screening isolates' LsrDNA, facilitating further tests of the apparent positive correlation between Pseudonitzschia species' ribosomal gene signatures, morphology, and capacity to produce domoic acid.
The Prospect Before Us (1992)

This issue moves, not exactly in sequence, from a retrospective on happening out of scene of action painting to situationist critique of the society of spectacle to extremities of performance in body art and autodestruction, including aesthetics of paroxysm among Viennese actionists, to voice with no body of radiophonie art to redeployment of body through logic of computer programming to projection of a virtual reality on edge of cyberspace. If there is a high-tech magic to that reality, which offers prospect of a changed identity, riskier limits of performance are examined and redefined through trickery of transference in Challenge Act of Houdini, which brings us back by way of actionists, Artaud, and Gilles de Rais to most aboriginal excesses of art and thought. Meanwhile, there is some anxiety in mid-volume about current status of performance art, not only as scandal but as oppositional practice. The question posed there is whether performance is dominant but dead; or, if still alive and even ubiquitous, about degree to which its experimental drive and antithetical function in seventies, in symbiosis with critical theory, was muted during eighties either by mediafication or its acceptance in artworld as merely another genre , with recidivist tendencies toward conventional theater.
Compilation of neural nets for high level specifications (1991)

Describes a software tool which compiles a high level, object oriented specification to a functionally equivalent neural net. It also explores the implications of this approach for the theory and construction of neural nets.
Evaluation of the Pain Suppressive Effect of Different Frequencies of Peripheral Electrical Stimulation in Chronic Pain Conditions (1976)

The pain suppressive effect of low (2/s) and high (50-100/s) frequency electrical stimulation was studied in 12 patients with severe chronic pain in the back and/or the legs. All patients were subjected to a thorough physical examination before and 2-3 weeks after a series of stimulation sessions. The stimulation was applied via surface electrodes to areas both segmentally related and segmentally unrelated to the regions of chronic pain. Low frequency stimulation induced a partial pain relief in only one patient whereas stimulation with high frequency gave a suppression of pain in seven patients. The effect was short-lasting in most cases and the pain started to increase usually within 30 min. It is concluded that the observed pain suppression is not due to psychological factors but to more basic neurophysiological mechanisms. Augmentation of the effect after repeated stimulation sessions was not observed, neither was there any alteration in the neuro-orthopedic status nor any lasting pain relief in any patient.