gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1 ‘Das gantze Corpus derer musicirenden Personen’ : An Introduction to German Hofkapellen (2011)

WHAT WAS MUSICAL LIFE at German courts really like during the first six decades of the eighteenth century? Securing a permanent post in a court music establishment could mean job security, as well as a steady income and a host of other benefits – such as Johann Sebastian Bach and Georg Philipp Telemann had enjoyed in Weimar and Kothen and in Eisenach respectively prior to their appointments in the Freie Reichstadte(Imperial Free Cities) of Leipzig and Hamburg. And yet despite the fact that the political landscape of what we now call Germany featured countless small-to-medium-sized courts similar to those experienced first-hand by Bach and Telemann, general music histories tend to focus on the Hofkapellen of Berlin and Dresden, primarily because of an interesting connection to the Thomaskantor and his oeuvre.In his pioneering study of court society during the early modern period, the sociologist Norbert Elias noted that the term ‘court’ changed its meaning depending on the period. Different types of court emerged in the German-speaking lands of the Holy Roman Empire during the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries; the historian Volker Bauer has categorized these as the ‘zeremonieller Hof’ (ceremonial court), the ‘geselliger Hof’ (sociable court), the ‘Musenhof’ (court of muses), the ‘Kaiserhof'’ (imperial court), and the ‘hausvaterlicher Hof’. Similarly, John Spitzer and Neal Zaslaw have concluded that ‘orchestras … meant many things to many people, and their meanings changed over time’.
An algorithm for finding a fundamental set of cycles of a graph (1969)

A fast method is presented for finding a fundamental set of cycles for an undirected finite graph. A spanning tree is grown and the vertices examined in turn, unexamined vertices being stored in a pushdown list to await examination. One stage in the process is to take the top element v of the pushdown list and examine it, i.e. inspect all those edges ( v, z ) of the graph for which z has not yet been examined. If z is already in the tree, a fundamental cycle is added; if not, the edge ( v, z ) is placed in the tree. There is exactly one such stage for each of the n vertices of the graph. For large n , the store required increases as n 2 and the time as n γ where γ depends on the type of graph involved. γ is bounded below by 2 and above by 3, and it is shown that both bounds are attained. In terms of storage our algorithm is similar to that of Gotlieb and Corneil and superior to that of Welch; in terms of speed it is similar to that of Welch and superior to that of Gotlieb and Corneil. Tests show our algorithm to be remarkably efficient ( γ = 2) on random graphs.
MPEG-2 video decoder compliance test methodology (2002)

This paper discusses the importance of MPEG-2 video decoder compliance test and possible methods of implementing the test. According the features of MPEG-2 standard and its application requirements, three grades of compliance test configurations have been designed.
Effects of solvent properties on the Soxhlet extraction of diterpenoid lactones from Andrographis paniculata leaves (2009)

A solid-liquid extraction was performed for the leaves of Andrographis paniculatain order to obtain two bioactive components, andrographolide and deoxyandrographolide. The problem of hydrolysable components and solvent removal difficulties in the conventional extraction led us to study further the effects of solvent properties on the conventional extraction using Soxhlet method in order to determine the best solvent or solvent mixture for high extraction yield of A. paniculata. This solvent selection is very important prior to alternative extraction methods since it can be used as a pre- extraction solvent, main solvent, or co-solvent. Based on the yield of extract and andrographolide and deoxyandrographolide content, methanol was found to be the best solvent.
Determination of the anaerobic threshold by a noninvasive field test in runners (1982)

The relationship between running speed (RS) and heart rate (HR) was determined in 210 runners. On a 400-m track the athletes ran continuously from an initial velocity of 12-14 km/h to submaximal velocities varying according to the athlete's capability. The HRs were determined through ECG. In all athletes examined, a deflection from the expected linearity of the RS-HR relationship was observed at submaximal RS. The test-retest correlation for the velocities at which this deflection from linearity occurred (Vd) determined in 26 athletes was 0.99. The velocity at the anaerobic threshold (AT), established by means of blood lactate measurements, and Vd were coincident in 10 runners. The correlation between Vd and average running speed (mean RS) in competition was 0.93 in the 5,000 m (mean Vd = 19.13 +/- 1.08 km/h; mean RS = 20.25 +/- 1.15 km/h), 0.95 in the marathon (mean Vd = 18.85 +/- 1.15 km/h; mean RS = 17.40 +/- 1.14 km/h), and 0.99 in the 1-h race (mean Vd = 18.70 +/- 0.98 km/h; mean RS = 18.65 +/- 0.92 km/h), thus showing that AT is critical in determining the running pace in aerobic competitive events.
Flux Balance Analysis of Photoautotrophic Metabolism (2005)

Photosynthesis is the principal process responsible for fixation of inorganic carbon dioxide into organic molecules with sunlight as the energy source. Potentially, many chemicals could be inexpensively produced by photosynthetic organisms. Mathematical modeling of photoautotrophic metabolism is therefore important to evaluate maximum theoretical product yields and to deeply understand the interactions between biochemical energy, carbon fixation, and assimilation pathways. Flux balance analysis based on linear programming is applied to photoautotrophic metabolism. The stoichiometric network of a model photosynthetic prokaryote, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, has been reconstructed from genomic data and biochemical literature and coupled with a model of the photophosphorylation processes. Flux map topologies for the hetero-, auto-, and mixotrophic modes of metabolism under conditions of optimal growth were determined and compared. The roles of important metabolic reactions such as the glyoxylate shunt and the transhydrogenase reaction were analyzed. We also theoretically evaluated the effect of gene deletions or additions on biomass yield and metabolic flux distributions.
Data hybridization computation analysis of aircraft air data inertial reference system (2011)

Air data inertial reference system (ADIRS) receive the data from air data unit, inertial reference unit and global positioning system which hybridizing out the basic flight parameters. After giving the examples of accidents causing from ADIRS output data, the hybridization computation of basic parameters is analyzed, and give the new opinion of hybridization computation considering pitot probe fault, for getting more accurate data and avoiding accident.
Effect of CO2 on the systemic and coronary circulations and on coronary sinus blood gas tensions. (1980)

The responses to hypocapnia and to hypercapnia of both the systemic and the coronary circulations have been studied in the dog during intermittent positive pressure ventilation under halothane anaesthesia. In the absence of significant variations of myocardial contractility, the reduction of cardiac output, because of hypocapnia, was determined by the increase of systemic vascular resistance, while the increase of cardiac output because of hypercapnia was determined by an increase of heart rate without change of stroke volume. The alterations of coronary blood flow (reduction following hypocapnia, augmentation following hypercapnia) were considerably larger than the changes of cardiac output and of myocardial oxygen consumption. Such disparity between oxygen supply and demand, together with the effect of pH and PCO2 on the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve led to a marked reduction of coronary sinus PO2 in response to hypocapnia and a marked increase of coronary sinus PO2 in response to hypercapnia. The data suggests that PCO2 (or respiratory alterations of pH) may have a direct effect on the regulation of coronary blood flow. The low coronary sinus PO2 observed at hypocapnia may suggest the risk of myocardial ischaemia.
An apparatus for measuring the elastic properties of gels (1955)

A simple apparatus devised by McDowell and Usher for the demonstration of elastic properties in colloidal suspensions can be adapted to give numerical results. It consists essentially of a float which is placed coaxially in a cylindrical vessel containing the suspension. A pair of vanes are carried by a spindle attached to the float so that the latter can be set in rotation by directing jets of air on to the vanes. In the case of gels, the subsequent rotation of the float is usually oscillatory, and the dynamic rigidity and dynamic viscosity can be calculated from the frequency and decrement of the oscillations. The apparatus has to be calibrated with a liquid of known viscosity having the same density as the gel.
Reactions of co-ordinated ligands. Part 22. The reactivity of bis-(ethylene)(η<sup>5</sup>-indenyl)rhodium in displacement reactions with olefins, dienes, and acetylenes; crystal structure of η<sup>5</sup>-indenyl{l–2 :3–4-η<sup>4</sup>–[6-endo-propen-2-yl-1,2,3,4-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexa-l,3-diene]}rhodium formed in a cyclo-cotrimerisation reaction (1980)

In contrast to the η5-cyclopentadienyl analogue, both of the ethylenes in the compound bis(ethylene)(η5-indenyl)-rhodium are readily displaced by isoprene, cyclo-octatetraene, trans-penta-1,3-diene, trans,trans-hexa-2,4-diene, methylenecyclopropane, or acrylonitrile to afford respectively η5-isoprene-, l–2 : 5–6-η4cyclo-octatetraene-,η4-trans-penta-1,3-diene-, η4-trans,trans-hexa-2,4-diene-, bis(methylenecyclopropane)-, or bis(acrylonitrile)-(η5-indenyl)rhodium. Reaction (room temperature) of hexafluorobut-2-yne with η5-indenyl(η5-isoprene)-rhodium leads to a cyclo-cotrimerisation reaction and the formation of η5-indenyl{l–2: 3–4η4-[6-endo-propen- 2-yl-1,2,3,4-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexa-l,3-diene]}rhodium, the structure in the solid state being established by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. Crystals are orthorhombic, space group Pbca(no. 61), with eight molecules in a cell of dimensions a= 16.962(3), b= 29.618(5), and c= 8.596(4)Å. The 1,3-diene part of the C6 ring is planar, and is η4-bonded to the rhodium atom, but the two carbon atoms originating from the isoprene bend away from the metal to produce a fold in the C6 ring at a dihedral angle of ca. 132°. The propenyl substituent lies on the same side of the C6 ring as the metal, i.e. is in an endo configuration. An 18-electron configuration for the rhodium is achieved by η5-attachment of the indenyl group, but two of these five carbon atoms are less strongly bonded than the other three. A similar reaction of hexafluorobut-2-yne with η5-indenyl(η4-trans-penta-1,3-diene)rhodium affords related isomeric complexes. A cyclo-cotrimerisation reaction has also been observed between hexafluorobut-2-yne and a co-ordinated ethylene of bis(ethylene)(η5-indenyl)rhodium. Related reactions between 3,3-dimethylbut-1-yne and bis(ethylene)(η5-indenyl)rhodium or bis(acrylonitrile)-(η5-indenyl)rhodium afford respectively [η4-1,4-bis(t-butyl)cyclohexa-1,3-diene]- and [η4-5 cyano-1,4-bis(t-butyl)cyclohexa-l,3-diene]-η5-indenylrhodium. In all of these reactions competitive cyclotrimerisation of the acetylenes occurs to give arenes. The mechanisms of these reactions are discussed.
Control of Seed Germination by Abscisic Acid (1979)

The germination process of mustard seeds (Sinapis alba L.) has been characterized by the time courses of water uptake, rupturing of the seed coat (12 hours after sowing), onset of axis growth (18 hours after sowing), and the point of no return, where the seeds lose the ability to survive redesiccation (12 to 24 hours after sowing, depending on embryo part). Abscisic acid (ABA) reversibly arrests embryo development at the brink of radicle growth initiation, inhibiting the water uptake which accompanies embryo growth. Seeds which have been kept dormant by ABA for several days will, after removal of the hormone, rapidly take up water and continue the germination process. Seeds which have been preincubated in water lose the sensitivity to be arrested by ABA after about 12 hours after sowing. This escape from ABA-mediated dormancy is not due to an inactivation of the hormone but to a loss of competence to respond to ABA during the course of germination. The sensitivity to ABA can be restored in these seeds by redrying. It is concluded that a primary action of ABA in inhibiting seed germination is the control of water uptake of the embryo tissues rather than the control of DNA, RNA, or protein syntheses.
Regulatory costs and poverty reduction in the microfirm sector : a synthesis of Latin America case studies (1995)

Chromosomes of Chinese hamster strain cells were air-dried on slides after BrdU substitution for two or three rounds of replication. The preparations were treated with 20% PCA at 55 degrees C for 20-30 min, or 5N HCl at 55 degrees C for 15-20 min. After staining with Giemsa, unifilarly BrdU-substituted chromatids stained faintly and bifilarly substituted chromatids stained darkly. Such a pattern of sister chromatid differential staining was confirmed by the examination of metaphase cells grown with BrdU for three rounds of replication.
Efficacy and safety of CD 271 alcoholic gels in the topical treatment of acne vulgaris (1991)

CD 271, a naphthoic acid, is a powerful modulator of epidermal differentiation. This double-blind, randomized study compared the efficacy and safety of two concentrations (0.03% w/w and 0.1% w/w) of CD 271 alcoholic gel, with 0.025% w/w tretinoin gel in 72 male patients with acne vulgaris over a period of 12 weeks. Efficacy was measured by counting facial inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions and by grading the severity of the acne at each visit. Skin tolerance was assessed with subjective symptoms, such as burning and pruritus, as well as clinical assessment of erythema, dryness and scaling on the treated areas. The alcoholic 0.1% CD 271 gel was as effective as 0.025% tretinoin gel in reducing total comedone counts (83% reduction for both products after 12 weeks' treatment). The reduction in the number of inflammatory lesions and the total number of acne lesions were significantly greater with 0.1% CD 271 gel than with tretinoin gel (69% and 79% for 0.1% CD 271, 50% and 73% for tretinoin gel, respectively, P less than 0.05). All three treatments were well tolerated and there were no changes in any major blood parameters. No CD 271 could be detected in blood plasma at the end of the study (detection limit = 1 ng/ml).
Closed-Loop Combustion Control of Advanced Internal Combustion Engines. (2011)

Current emphasis on decreasing vehicle fuel consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from the automotive sector directs many research efforts towards two gasoline engine technologies, namely, the Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines, and the downsized TurboCharged (TC) Spark Ignition Direct Injection (SIDI) engines with variable valve timing (VVT). In the HCCI category, many actuation strategies have been proposed with the more popular being the dual-fuel strategies and the high residual recycling. In this thesis, a heat recycling strategy is considered, specifically, a heated-air inlet HCCI engine with two intake throttles that control the cold and hot air streams. To facilitate the control analysis and development, a physics-based crank-angle resolved and a mean-value models are developed for feedback controller design. We discover that the combustion duration defined as the duration between the crank angle of 10% and 90% fuel burned, provides a universal set point for all speeds and loads for both combustion stability and fuel efficiency. Based on a novel allocation of two actuators, the hot and cold throttles, a feedback controller is designed and simulated to regulate the combustion duration at a desired value during load changes. In the category of the TC SIDI engines, we address the important problem of reducing the calibration complexity when these engines are intended to run on gasoline (E0) and/or a blend of up to 85% ethanol (E85). Typically, there is variability in the optimal VVT and spark values for every blend of gasoline-ethanol. This variability burdens the calibration task for these engines with many degrees of freedom (throttle, VVT, wastegate, fuel injection timing and duration, and spark timing). We first address the transient coupling between throttle and VVT in controlling the air charge. A model-based valve compensator is designed to improve the transient behavior of cylinder charge and torque during tip-ins and tip-outs with the VVT system transitions from set-points. An extremum seeking (ES) controller tuned based on the engine model demonstrates the convergence of both spark timing and VVT to the optimal values to achieve the best fuel efficiency.
Ocular Pathogenicity of Types 1 and 2 <i>Herpesvirus hominis</i> in Rabbits (1972)

Type 2 strains of Herpesvirus hominis produced more severe lesions in rabbit corneas than type 1 strains.
Movement (2017)

<italic>Movement</italic> takes up an issue that transcends digital and critical invocations of the map: time. This chapter explores the historical development of animated cartography through a Deleuzian and Bergsonian framing
<sup>99m</sup>Tc-HMPAO SPECT of the brain in mild to moderate traumatic brain injury patients: Compared with CT—a prospective study (1993)

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with Technetium-99m hexamethyl propylenamine oxime (Tc-99m-HMPAO) was used in 20 patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) to evaluate the effects of brain trauma on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). SPECT scan was compared with CT scan in 16 patients. SPECT showed intraparenchymal differences in rCBF more often than lesions diagnosed with CT scans (87.5% vs. 37.5%). In five of six patients with lesions in both modalities, the area of involvement was relatively larger on SPECT scans than on CT scans. Contrecoup changes were seen in five patients on SPECT alone, two patients with CT alone and one patient had contrecoup lesions on CT and SPECT. Of the eight patients (50%) with skull fractures, seven (43.7%) had rCBF findings on SPECT scan and five (31.3%) demonstrated decrease in rCBF in brain underlying the fracture. All these patients with fractures had normal brain on CT scans. Conversely, extra-axial lesions and fractures evident on CT did not visualize on SPECT, but SPECT demonstrated associated changes in rCBF. Although there is still lack of clinical and pathological correlation, SPECT appears to be a promising method for a more sensitive evaluation of axial lesions in patients with mild to moderate TBI.
Multiple location profiling for users and relationships from social network and content (2012)

Users' locations are important for many applications such as personalized search and localized content delivery. In this paper, we study the problem of profiling Twitter users' locations with their following network and tweets. We propose a multiple location profiling model ( MLP ), which has three key features: 1) it formally models how likely a user follows another user given their locations and how likely a user tweets a venue given his location, 2) it fundamentally captures that a user has multiple locations and his following relationships and tweeted venues can be related to any of his locations, and some of them are even noisy, and 3) it novelly utilizes the home locations of some users as partial supervision. As a result, MLP not only discovers users' locations accurately and completely , but also "explains" each following relationship by revealing users' true locations in the relationship. Experiments on a large-scale data set demonstrate those advantages. Particularly, 1) for predicting users' home locations, MLP successfully places 62% users and out-performs two state-of-the-art methods by 10% in accuracy, 2) for discovering users' multiple locations, MLP improves the baseline methods by 14% in recall, and 3) for explaining following relationships, MLP achieves 57% accuracy.
A novel SAD computing hardware architecture for variable-size block motion estimation and its implementation with FPGA (2003)

This paper presents a new hardware architecture that calculates SAD for variable block-size motion estimation (VBSME). The proposed architecture with a 16t1-PE array, a 4-stage adder tree and two flexible register arrays supports 16t16, 16t8, 8t8, 8t4, 4t8, and 4t4 block's SAD calculation. The architecture can be used in the encoder that supports the enhanced motion estimation with variable block size in the MPEG-4 AVC (advanced video coding) and the emerging H.264 standard. Our design was described in Verilog-HDL and implemented in a Altera FPGA APEX20K with a clock frequency of 120MHz allowing the processing of 29296 16t16 per search area.
Optical Properties of Epitaxial Films of Cd<i>x</i>Hg1−<i>x</i>Te (1966)

Epitaxial crystal films of alloys of CdTe and HgTe and BaF2 substrates have been produced by a flash-evaporation technique. The energies of several interband electronic transitions have been measured and found to vary linearly with composition. Arguments are presented that this method produces single-crystal alloy films of accurately predetermined composition.
A Theory of Visual Control of Braking Based on Information about Time-to-Collision (1976)

A theory is presented of how a driver might visually control his braking. A mathematical analysis of the changing optic array at the driver's eye indicates that the simplest type of visual information, which would be sufficient for controlling braking and would also be likely to be easily picked up by the driver, is information about time-to-collision, rather than information about distance, speed, or acceleration/deceleration. It is shown how the driver could, in principle, use visual information about time-to-collision in registering when he is on a collision course, in judging when to start braking, and in controlling his ongoing braking. Implications of the theory for safe speeds and safe following distances are discussed, taking into account visual angular velocity detection thresholds, and some suggestions are made as to how safety on the roads might be improved.
Current Status of Polyphosphazene Chemistry (1988)

Inorganic polymer chemistry is an area of research that links the classical fields of ceramics, metals, and organic polymers, and provides opportunities for the synthesis of new substances that combine the properties of all three. Polyphosphazenes are inorganic macromolecules that illustrate the possibilities available for a wide range of other inorganic systems. In this article, it will be demonstrated that, depending on the synthesis method and molecular structure, it is possible to bias the properties toward those of ceramics, metals, or organic high polymers, and also to develop polymers of biomedical interest.
Guidance of a Roll-Only Camera for Ground Observation in Wind (1998)

How a nose-mounted imaging sensor with a single-motion axis in roll can be used for ground observation is demonstrated. Itis shown that point, line, andarea observation areallpossiblein thepresenceofwind.Continuous point observation is possible by the use of an orbital trajectory in conjunction with a lookdown angle of 90 deg. For other lookdown angles the trajectories are spirals. Algorithms are derived for aircraft guidance including the cases of arbitrary lookdown angles and stationary or moving ground points, and the effects are illustrated using a six-degree-of-freedom simulation model. The effects of aircraft attitude, wind estimation, and height errors are discussed. Nomenclature C = orbit circumference c = C=H E = distance east e = E=H g = acceleration due to gravity H = altitude KA = heading control gain N = distance north n = N=H nacc = load factor R = ground range from target to aircraft R0 = perifocus range r = R=H T = orbital period u = inertial velocity vector ur = airspeed