gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENT OF KIDNEY TRANSPLANT SURVIVAL AFTER GRAFT PRETREATMENT WITH CYCLOSPORIN A (1982)

In an effort to improve kidney allograft survival after transplantation, cyclosporin A (Cy A) was used as a graft pretreatment under varying conditions. Initial studies established that 12.5 mg of Cy A per kidney was the ideal concentration for graft pretreatment. This study analyzed the role of temperature in the flushing solution with the drug, to determine whether this parameter would have a significant effect on allograft survival. Unrelated mongrel dogs were used as donors and recipients for all studies. Control kidneys (group 1 (n = 8) and group 2 (n = 8)) were flushed with heparinized Ringer's lactate (250 ml) at 25 and 4 C, respectively. Kidneys in groups 3 (n = 10) and 4 (n = 10) were graft pretreated at 25 and 4 C by flushing the kidneys with Cy A (12.5 mg) in 250 ml of Ringer's lactate prior to allografting. All donor kidney allografts were transplanted into the right iliac fossa of bilaterally nephrectomized recipients. Minimal immunosuppression consisted only of azathioprine (5 mg/kg/day days, followed by 2.5 mg/kg/day until death or sacrifice). Animals transplanted with kidneys flushed at 25 and 4 C survived for all 11.6 ± 0.8 (mean ± SD) and 16.5 ± 3.96 (mean ± SD) days, respectively. Only the addition of Cy A improved the survival of minimally immunosuppressed recipients. When Cy A was used at 25 C, 5 of 10 animals survived for more than 60 days, whereas Cy A at 4 C showed 3 of 10 animals living that length of time. It was evident that warmer temperatures (25 C) improved the prolonging effect of Cy A in the survival of pretreated kidney grafts. Based on our previous work and current findings, we felt that graft pretreatment with Cy A could significantly prolong kidney allograft survival. Although the exact mechanism for the action of Cy A during graft pretreatment is not known, it is possible that temperature may affect the reaction of Cy A with the allograft's cell membrane and in this way prolong allograft survival. Further studies both in vivo and in vitro will help to answer these questions and lead us to potential clinical applications of Cy A graft pretreatment.
Silane coupling agents in stainless steel and polymethyl methacryIate systems (1975)

Smooth stainless steel rods coated with silanes were embedded in acrylic resin dough. The strength of the bond between treated rods and polymerized resin was improved compared with that found in the untreated rods under all conditions of the tests. The strength increased with age when specimens were left in air; immersion in water lessened the increase in strength.
Glutathione depletion sensitizes tumor cells to oxidative cytolysis. (1982)

Activated macrophages and granulocytes lyse tumor cells in the presence of phorbol myristate acetate or antitumor antibody via the secretion of reactive oxygen intermediates, such as HzOz.We compared the lysis of GSH-depleted or normal tumor cells by oxidants generated with glucose oxidase or activated macrophages and granulocytes.Two independent methods were employed to deplete cells specifically of GSH: (1) inhibition of GSH biosynthesis with buthionine sulfoximine, a selective inhibitor of y-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and (2) treatment with l-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), which covalently binds GSH as catalyzed by endogenous GSH S-transferase.Incubation of P388 lymphoma or P815 mastocytoma cells with 0.2 m M buthionine sulfoximine resulted in a 50% reduction in GSH content by 4.5-5 h and >90% depletion by 15 h.Treatment of P815 cells with CDNB for 15 min resulted in a dose-dependent loss of GSH, with a maximal depletion of approximately 70% obtained with 10 p~ CDNB.GSH depletion of P815 and P388 markedly enhanced their sensitivity to lysis by a flux of HzO2.Such cells could be lysed by dilutions of glucose oxidase and numbers of phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated granulocytes and activated macrophages which were ineffectual against untreated tumors.Recovery of tumor cell resistance to HzOz after GSH depletion by either buthionine sulfoximine or CDNB followed the same time course as resynthesis of cellular GSH.These results and the previous finding that inhibition of the GSH redox cycle of tumor cells enhances both macrophageand glucose oxidase-mediated cytolysis (Nathan, C. F.,
Fatigue '96 : proceedings of the Sixth International Fatigue Congress, 6-10 May 1996, Berlin, Germany (1996)

Volume I, Selected chapter headings and selected papers: Overview Lectures. Fatigue Related Structural Integrity Issues (A.F. Blom). Small fatigue cracks in advanced materials (K. Tanaka, Y. Akiniwa). Interface fatigue-crack growth in layered materials (J.-K. Shang). Cyclic Stress Strain Behavior and Models. Cyclic stress-strain behavior, microstructure and fatigue life (H. Mughrabi). Initiation and Propagation of Short Cracks. Initiation and propagation of short fatigue cracks (K.J. Miller). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Influences on Crack Propagation. Finite element perspectives on the mechanics of fatigue crack closure (R.C. McClung). Threshold Value for Engineering Applications. Threshold value for engineering application (R. Pippan). Variable Amplitudes and Prediction. Fatigue life prediction - acceleration of fatigue crack growth under variable amplitude loadings (M. Jono). Corrosion Fatigue, Data and Design. Corrosion fatigue, data and design from an aircraft manufacturer's point of view (H.-J. Schmidt, B. Brandecker). Volume II, Selected chapter headings and selected papers: Influence of High Temperatures. Fatigue crack growth in elevated temperature power-plant materials and components (A. Saxena). Microstructural Design for Fatigue Resistance. Influence of microstructure on fatigue resistance (G. Lutjering et al. ). Multiaxial Behavior. Fatigue damage simulation models for multiaxial loading (D.F. Socie, S. Furman). Significance of FEM in Fatigue Analysis. Significance of fintie element methods (SEM) in fatigue analyses (H. Nowack, U. Schulz). Fatigue and Failure of Components. Predictions on fatigue life and crack growth as an engineering problem. A state of the art survey (J. Schijve). Probabilistic Life Prediction Methods. Probabilistic life prediction methods - meeting the challenges for practical application (P.A. Domas, P.G. Roth). Computerized Fatigue Analysis. Application of computers in fatigue analyses (E. Haibach). Surface Technologies for Fatigue Improvement. Improvement of fatigue property by ion implantation method (T. Tanaka et al. ). Volume III, Selected chapter headings and selected papers: Advanced Fatigue Properties of Metal Matrix Composites. Fatigue behavior of discontinuously reinforced metallic composites (J.E. Allison, J.W. Jones). Performance of Polymers and Polymer Matrix Composites. Fatigue of polymers and polymer matrix composites (K. Schulte). Cyclic Fatigue of Ceramics and Ceramic Matrix Composites. Fatigue of ceramic composites (K.L. Reifsnider et al. ). Fatigue Mechanisms of Intermetallics. Mechanisms and mechanics of fatigue crack initiation and growth in TiAl intermetallic alloys (J.M. Larson et al. ). Fatigue of Biomaterials. Fatigue of biomaterials (S.G. Steinemann). Case Studies, especially Aerospace, Automotive, Power Generation. Fatigue design in automotive industry (A. Bignonnet). Ultrasonic Fatigue. Ultrasonic fatigue (S.E. Stanzl-Tschegg). Experimental Techniques and Equipment.
The expression of P-glycoprotein does influence the distribution of novel fluorescent compounds in solid tumour models (2003)

Solid tumours display a complex drug resistance phenotype that involves inherent and acquired mechanisms. Multicellular resistance is an inherent feature of solid tumours and is known to present significant barriers to drug permeation in tumours. Given this barrier, do acquired resistance mechanisms such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) contribute significantly to resistance? To address this question, the multicellular tumour spheroid (MCTS) model was used to examine the influence of P-gp on drug distribution in solid tissue. Tumour spheroids (TS) were generated from either drug-sensitive MCF7(WT) cells or a drug-resistant, P-gp-expressing derivative MCF7(Adr). Confocal microscopy was used to measure time courses and distribution patterns of three fluorescent compounds; calcein-AM, rhodamine123 and BODIPY-taxol. These compounds were chosen because they are all substrates for P-gp-mediated transport, exhibit high fluorescence and are chemically dissimilar. For example, BODIPY-taxol and rhodamine 123 showed high accumulation and distributed extensively throughout the TS(WT), whereas calcein-AM accumulation was restricted to the outermost layers. The presence of P-gp in TS(Adr) resulted in negligible accumulation, regardless of the compound. Moreover, the inhibition of P-gp by nicardipine restored intracellular accumulation and distribution patterns to levels observed in TS(WT). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of P-gp in modulating drug distribution in solid tumour models. However, the penetration of agents throughout the tissue is strongly determined by the physico-chemical properties of the individual compounds.
Preliminary analysis of an adaptive smoothing factor for lumpy demand forecasting (2002)

Forecasting has become increasingly complex due to high and variable customer demand of a wide array of products. Over the last years the demand has become increasingly erratic due to some structural changes in the market. These structural changes are characterized by numerousness of potential customers in the market, heterogeneity of customers, frequency of requests, variety of customer's requests, and correlation between customer's requests. These changes generated an extremely irregular demand, which is also referred to as "lumpy". This demand is not only variable but also "nervous", thus entailing great differences between successive demand observations and sporadic demand peaks that follow several periods of zero or low demand. In this paper, the selection of a smoothing factor in a structured and adaptive manner for lumpy demand environments is investigated. A smoothing factor based on the Kalman Filter weighting function is developed and tested.
Solgel-derived photosensitive germanosilicate glass monoliths (2000)

We demonstrate volume gratings written in solgel-derived, Ge-doped silica monoliths. Glass was fabricated both with and without germanium oxygen deficient center (GODC) defects. The UV absorption and UV-induced index changes of these glasses, with and without hydrogen loading, are reported. The presence of GODC defects greatly enhances the photosensitivity of Ge-doped silica with and without the presence of hydrogen.
Three-dimensional FEM analysis of stress distribution in dynamic maxillary canine movement (2013)

当牙齿是机械的时，在在牙齿周围的系带(页面描述语言) 以内的压力 / 紧张分发的改变发生刺激了在正牙处理。以前的有限元素研究的多数在起始的装载地位上被限制到静态的评估，并且动态长期的分析很少在 orthodontics 被执行。现在的学习寻求了在动态犬的付小费给期间在牙齿根，页面描述语言，和牙槽的骨头以内分析压力分发模式并且身体有在四个连续治疗学的星期内的三维的有限元素方法的运动。我们观察到最高的压力在根表面上，第二牙槽的骨头，并且最后，为付小费给的任何一个的页面描述语言或身体运动。在整个 PDL 和根表面，最高的压力总是在在通过四个阶段的运动的两个模式的颈的区域附近。而且，更低、更一致的压力分布被生产在期间身体运动与付小费给运动相比。这些结果比付小费给运动显示犬的翻译可能为牙齿周围的织物是更健康的；颈的区域厌烦更大的负担并且可能也是为织物损坏的一个易受影响的区域(除了顶) 不管运动模式。
Velocity model updating using image gathers (1993)

For successful prestack depth migration an accurate veldoity model is needed. One method for model updating is based on image gather analysis. In an image gather all reflectors line up horizontally if the velocities are correct. This also holds for dipping reflectors, as all traces of an image gather belong to the same surface coordinate. The images of the reflector in an image galher curve upward, if the velocity used for the migration was too low, or downward, if the velocity was too high. This deviation can be used for model updating. Curves are fitted to the image gather, which depend on depth, offset and a parameter which relates the guessed to the true model. By calculating the coherency along the deviation curves one can estimate this parameter and hence calculate an update. In the recent past different authors found different equations for the deviation curve. AI-Yahya (1989) assumes straight ray paths and uses average slowness in his derivation of the deviation curve. Cox (1991) uses extrapolated wave fields and finds a formula for a one reflector model, which fits the curve better than Al-Yahya's. Cox and Wapenaar (1992) present an improved equation for the one reflector model following Maeland's (1991) parametric representation.
Antisense locked nucleic acids efficiently suppress <i>BCR/ABL</i> and induce cell growth decline and apoptosis in leukemic cells (2006)

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) develops when a hematopoietic stem cell acquires the Philadelphia chromosome carrying the BCR/ABL fusion gene. This gives the transformed cells a proliferative advantage over normal hematopoietic cells. Silencing the BCR/ABL oncogene by treatment with specific drugs remains an important therapeutic goal. In this work, we used locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified oligonucleotides to silence BCR/ABL and reduce CML cell proliferation, as these oligonucleotides are resistant to nucleases and exhibit an exceptional affinity for cognate RNA. The anti-BCR/ABL oligonucleotides were designed as LNA-DNA gapmers, consisting of end blocks of 3/4 LNA monomers and a central DNA stretch of 13/14 deoxyribonucleotides. The gapmers were complementary to the b2a2 and b3a2 mRNA junctions with which they form hybrid duplexes that have melting temperatures of 79 degrees C and 75 degrees C, respectively, in a 20 mmol/L NaCl-buffered (pH 7.4) solution. Like DNA, the designed LNA-DNA gapmers were capable of activating RNase H and promote cleavage of the target b2a2 and b3a2 BCR/ABL mRNAs. The treatment of CML cells with junction-specific antisense gapmers resulted in a strong and specific reduction of the levels of BCR/ABL transcripts ( approximately 20% of control) and protein p210(BCR/ABL) ( approximately 30% of control). Moreover, the antisense oligonucleotides suppressed cell growth up to 40% of control and induced apoptosis, as indicated by the increase of caspase-3/7 activity in the treated cells. Finally, the b2a2-specific antisense gapmer used in combination with STI571 (imatinib mesylate), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of p210(BCR/ABL), produced an enhanced antiproliferative effect in KYO-1 cells, which compared with K562 cells are refractory to STI571. The data of this study support the application of BCR/ABL antisense LNA-DNA gapmers, used either alone or in combination with STI571, as potential antileukemic agents.
High-frequency signature of the QRS complex across ischemia quantified by QRS slopes (2005)

In this study two new indexes that measure the upward and downward slopes of the QRS complex are proposed to quantify variations in the depolarization period due to induced ischemia during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Our results show that QRS slopes turn out to be substantially less steep during artery occlusion, being this effect more manifested for the downward slope than for the upward one. Comparing the proposed indexes with a previously reported index that quantifies the energy of the high-frequency QRS signal (150-250 Hz), it is shown that the ability of the slope indexes for ischemia detection is clearly superior. When comparing with the conventional ST level, enhanced performance of the proposed indexes is only found in some leads. It can be concluded that diminution of QRS slopes can be used as an additional tool, alternative to HF-QRS content, to ST deviation when diagnosing ischemia
Velocity sensing interferometer (VISAR) modification (1979)

The VISAR (velocity interferometer system for any reflector) has become a common tool used in experiments where high surface velocities must be measured. A modification that uses previously wasted interferometer light to more than double output signals and to cancel noise is described. Laser power is used more efficiently, VISAR performance in the presence of intense target self-light is improved, and only two data signals are required instead of the usual three or four. Effects of changing light intensity and fringe visibility are eliminated using a novel detection system with a simplified solution for velocity.
HIGH-SPEED HARDWARE DECODER FOR DOUBLE-ERROR-CORRECTING BINARY BCH CODES (1989)

Presents a new hardware decoder for double-error-correcting binary BCH codes of primitive length, based on a modified step-by-step decoding algorithm. This decoding algorithm can be easily implemented with VLSI circuits. As the clock rate of the decoder is independent of block length and is only twice the data rate, the decoder is suitable for long block codes working at high data rates. The decoder comprises a syndrome calculation circuit, a comparison circuit and a decision circuit, which can be realised by linear feedback shift registers, ROMs and logical gates. The decoding algorithm, circuit design and data processing sequence are described in detail. The circuit complexity, decoding speed and data rate of the new decoder are also discussed and compared with other decoding methods.<
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Empleo de excrementos de nutria Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) para la diagnosis específica de los cangrejos de río en la Península Ibérica (2011)

La nutria paleartica (Lutra lutra) es un carnivoro semiacuatico que se nutre de un amplio espectro de presas potenciales. Su dieta se determina frecuentemente a partir de los fragmentos sin digerir hallados en sus deposiciones, o de restos corporales sin devorar depositados en las inmediaciones de los tramos que habitan. En la Peninsula Iberica existen tres especies de cangrejos de rio, una de ellas nativa y en franco riesgo de desaparicion, las otras dos proceden de Norteamerica y tienen caracter invasor. En ambientes de montana mediterranea, donde es frecuente la desecacion total o parcial de numerosos arroyos y barrancos, los cangrejos se convierten a menudo en presas importantes para las nutrias. Sin embargo, en muchos de los trabajos relacionados con la ecologia trofica de la nutria no se hace referencia a la especie de cangrejo implicada. En el presente estudio se definen varios rasgos morfologicos de cangrejos hallados en excrementos y restos sin consumir de nutrias del Sistema Iberico Sur, que permiten la determinacion de la especie de una manera rapida y sencilla. Se propone aprovechar estos caracteres para localizar e identificar poblaciones de cangrejos durante la realizacion de sondeos de nutria, y viceversa.
Behavior of copper and nickel chelates of .BETA.-ketoimines and related compounds in electron capturing detector-gas chromatography(ECD-GC). (1979)

The behavior of copper and nickel chelates of β-ketoimines and the related 3-bromo-β-diketone were investigated by electron capturing detector-gas chromatography (ECD-GC). The chelate, bis (4-imino-2-pentanono)-nickel (II) gave the most sharp gas chromatogram among the chelates examined. The β-ketoimine chelates showed to be less sensitive towards ECD-GC than the chelates of the original β-diketone and the related 3-bromo-β-diketone. Approximate values of detection limits for metals were also obtained by ECD-GC on some of the copper and nickel chelates here examined.
Microstrip array antenna for PCS and IMT-2000 base station (2002)

In this paper, we design two types of microstrip array antenna for PCS and IMT-2000 base stations. A broadband antenna satisfying the performance requirement for both services is designed by utilizing the multi-layer structure. The bandwidth of a designed antenna for VSWR less than 1.3 is greater than 100 MHz for PCS and 300 MHz for IMT-2000. However, the method to improve the sidelobe level needs to be studied further.
Vehicle handling control using active differentials (2006)

A Doctoral Thesis. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University.
Link adaptive multimedia encoding in wireless networks: A survey of theory and approaches (2010)

The bandwidth in wireless networks is usually shared by a number of wireless nodes. The channel capacity depends on the number of accessing nodes, time, environmental conditions and location of nodes. Due to varying channel conditions, several issues are observed in the transmission of real time multimedia. The existing research on multimedia streaming can be classified into adaptation techniques at the Physical and MAC layer, cross layered architecture, application layer coding techniques and frames scheduling. The adaptation techniques use various metrics such as signal to noise ratio (SNR), Bit Error Rate (BER) for link adaptation and available bandwidth estimation to adapt source coding rate at application level. Moreover, there exist certain network layer parameters such as packet delay, packet losses and jitter to achieve the required QoS for multimedia traffic. The paper has discussed the existing protocols which have significantly contributed in supporting multimedia traffic in wireless networks. In addition, a comparative analysis is presented to observe the performance, limitations and future prospects of research in this domain.
Activity of organic acid salts in combination with lauric arginate against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Rissen (2013)

The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro activities of sodium diacetate (SD), sodium citrate (SC), or sodium lactate (SL) in combination with lauric arginate (LAE) against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Rissen. Bacteria isolated from a pig carcass were used to determine the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC), fractional bactericidal concentration index (FBCI), time-kill method, as well as to perform scanning and transmission electron microscopy characterizations. For L. monocytogenes, the MBC of SD, SC, LAE and SL were 62.5, 62.5, 0.032 mg/ml, and 8.4% (v/v), respectively. As for S. Rissen, the MBC of SD and LAE were 62.5 and 0.032 mg/ml, respectively. The effects of SD, SC, and SL in combination with LAE were synergistic against both bacteria, exhibiting FBCIs of 0.19, 0.50, and 0.50, respectively, for L. monocytogenes and 0.19, 0.50 and 0.50, respectively, for S. Rissen. In time-kill studies, all salts of organic acids plus LAE combinations added at their MBC produced a bactericidal effect that was dependent on the type of bacteria and antimicrobial. This resulted in a loss and change of the cytoplasm and membrane in cells of both bacteria. Furthermore, SC and SL alone were not active in killing S. Rissen. The present investigation revealed that salts of organic acid in combination with LAE are potentially antilisterial and anti-salmonella agents, which can be applied to meat products.
Background Subtraction for Dynamic Texture Scenes Using Fuzzy Color Histograms (2012)

Background subtraction is a very popular approach for detecting moving objects from a still scene. For this, most of previous methods depend on the assumption that the background is static over short time periods. However, structured motion patterns of the background (e.g., waving leaves, spouting fountain, rippling water, etc.), which are distinctive from variations due to noise, are hardly tolerated in this assumption and thus still lead to high-level false positive rates when using previous models. In this letter, we introduce a novel background subtraction algorithm for temporally dynamic texture scenes. Specifically, we propose to adopt a clustering-based feature, called fuzzy color histogram (FCH), which has an ability of greatly attenuating color variations generated by background motions while still highlighting moving objects. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for background subtraction in dynamic texture scenes compared to several competitive methods proposed in the literature.