gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolated Candida parapsilosis arthritis in a heroin addict. (1980)

A case of isolated Candida parapsilosis arthritis involving the shoulder of a heroin addict is described. Amphotericin B successfully eradicated the infection after failure of flucytosine. Optimal therapy for this condition has not been determined.
Multi-stage noise shaping technology and its application to precision measurement (2003)

A highly accurate analog-to-digital-digital-to-analog (A/D-D/A) conversion method based on a multistage noise shaping (MASH) technology is described. Using MASH technology, 16-b A/D- and 17-b D/A-conversion LSIs for digital audio have been developed and commercialized. The authors explain the principle of noise shaping and the MASH technology, discusses the development of highly accurate A/D-D/A converters for measurement applications, and present a synchronized pure sine wave generator based on MASH technology. Performance evaluations are presented, confirming the suitability of MASH for audio and measurement applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Zwei Fliegen mit einer Klappe: Katalyse völlig unterschiedlicher Transformationen im Eintopfverfahren. (2004)

Abstract Die Fortschritte in der Metallkatalyse haben die organische Synthese revolutioniert: Die Anwendung metallkatalysierter Reaktionen erstreckt sich nun über fast alle Bereiche der C‐C‐, C‐H‐ und C‐Heteroatom‐Bindungsknüpfung. Viele Jahre war die selektive Katalyse einer einzigen Transformation das Ziel der Katalysatorforschung. Mittlerweile ist jedoch das Verwenden eines einzigen Katalysators zur selektiven Vermittlung von gleich mehreren Reaktionsschritten zu einem vielversprechenden Forschungsgebiet geworden. Nachdem man sich in früheren Arbeiten auf Katalysatoren für mehrere ähnliche Transformationen konzentriert hatte, zeigten jüngste Untersuchungen, dass ein einzelner Katalysator auch mehrere sehr unterschiedliche Transformationen in einer einzigen Reaktionssequenz katalysieren kann. In diesem Kurzaufsatz werden Reaktionssequenzen mit Transformationen, die nach völlig unterschiedlichen Mechanismen ablaufen, vorgestellt.
Host–Guest Complexation of [60]Fullerenes and Porphyrins Enabled by “Click Chemistry” (2013)

Herein the synthesis, characterization, and organization of a first-generation dendritic fulleropyrrolidine bearing two pending porphyrins are reported. Both the dendron and the fullerene derivatives were synthesized by Cu(I) -catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC). The electron-donor-acceptor conjugate possesses a shape that allows the formation of supramolecular complexes by encapsulation of C60 within the jaws of the two porphyrins of another molecule. The interactions between the two photoactive units (i.e., C60 and Zn-porphyrin) were confirmed by cyclic voltammetry as well as by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy. For example, a shift of about 85 mV was found for the first reduction of C60 in the electron-donor-acceptor conjugate compared with the parent molecules, which indicates that C60 is included in the jaws of the porphyrin. The fulleropyrrolidine compound exhibits a rich polymorphism, which was corroborated by AFM and SEM. In particular, it was found to form supramolecular fibrils when deposited on substrates. The morphology of the fibrils suggests that they are formed by several rows of fullerene-porphyrin complexes.
Evolution of C iv Absorbers. II. Where Does C iv Live? (2022)

Abstract We use the observed cumulative statistics of C iv absorbers and dark matter halos to infer the distribution of C iv -absorbing gas relative to galaxies at redshifts 0 ≤ z ≤ 5. We compare the cosmic incidence dN/dX of C iv absorber populations and galaxy halos, finding that massive L ≥ L ⋆ halos alone cannot account for all the observed W r ≥ 0.05 Å absorbers. However, the dN/dX of lower-mass halos exceeds that of W r ≥ 0.05 Å absorbers. We also estimate the characteristic gas radius of absorbing structures required for the observed C iv dN/dX , assuming each absorber is associated with a single galaxy halo. The W r ≥ 0.3 Å and W r ≥ 0.6 Å C iv gas radii are ∼30%–70% (∼20%–40%) of the virial radius of L ⋆ (0.1 L ⋆ ) galaxies, and the W r ≥ 0.05 Å gas radius is ∼100%–150% (∼60%–100%) of the virial radius of L ⋆ (0.1 L ⋆ ) galaxies. For stronger absorbers, the gas radius relative to the virial radius rises across Cosmic Noon and falls afterwards, while for weaker absorbers, the relative gas radius declines across Cosmic Noon and then dramatically rises at z < 1. A strong luminosity-dependence of the gas radius implies highly extended C iv envelopes around massive galaxies before Cosmic Noon, while a luminosity-independent gas radius implies highly extended envelopes around dwarf galaxies after Cosmic Noon. From available absorber-galaxy and C iv evolution data, we favor a scenario in which low-mass galaxies enrich the volume around massive galaxies at early epochs and propose that the outer halo gas (>0.5 R v ) was produced primarily in ancient satellite dwarf galaxy outflows, while the inner halo gas (<0.5 R v ) originated from the central galaxy and persists as recycled accreting gas.
Dentition and Pelage in the Juvenile Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) (1968)

Journal Article Dentition and Pelage in the Juvenile Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) Get access Samuel B. Linhart Samuel B. Linhart Denver Wildlife Research Center, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U. S. Department of the Interior, Denver, Colorado 80225 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 49, Issue 3, 20 August 1968, Pages 526–528, https://doi.org/10.2307/1378217 Published: 20 August 1968 Article history Accepted: 15 February 1968 Published: 20 August 1968
Design of Hybrid Optical Amplifiers for High Capacity Optical Transmission (2002)

This paper describes our design of a hybrid amplifier composed of a distributed Raman amplifier and erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for C- and L-bands. We characterize the distributed Raman amplifier by numerical simulation based on the experimentally measured Raman gain coefficient of an ordinary single mode fiber transmission line. In single channel amplification, the crosstalk caused by double Rayleigh scattering was independent of signal input power and simply given as a function of the Raman gain. The double Rayleigh scattering induced power penalty was less than 0.1 dB after 1000 km if the on-off Raman gain was below 21 dB. For multiple channel amplification, using commercially available pump laser diodes and fiber components, we determined and optimized the conditions of three-wavelength Raman pumping for an amplification bandwidth of 32 nm for C-band and 34 nm for L-band. After analyzing the conventional erbium-doped fiber amplifier analysis in C-band, we estimated the performance of the hybrid amplifier for long haul optical transmission. Compared with erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, the optical signal-to-noise ratio was calculated to be higher by more than 3 dB in the optical link using the designed hybrid amplifier.
How to Gain 1.5 dB in Vector Precoding (2006)

Abstract: A vector-precoding technique known as “vector-perturbation” achieves near-capacity on a multi-antenna multi-user wireless channel. However, the technique currently requires choices for certain regularization and perturbation parameters and these parameters are currently chosen in a rather ad-hoc manner. We analyze the statistical properties of the vector-perturbation scheme and provide guidelines for choosing these parameters in a more systematic manner. These properties suggest that a large perturbation-parameter can give better performance at low SNR. We also propose a receiver that incorporates the statistical properties of the perturbation, thereby improving receiver performance over known methods. Finally, we incorporate an iteration loop between the demodulator and inner decoder. The net result of these improvements puts us approximately 1.5 dB closer to capacity. I. I NTRODUCTION We consider a multi-antenna multi-user communication system, where a single transmitter with multiple transmit antennas sends independent messages to autonomous users, each of which is equipped with one receive antenna. The capacity of such a system has been established in [1-6]. Several algorithms have been proposed [7, 9, 11-15] that have a variety of complexity-performance tradeoffs. It has been shown in [7] that a certain “vector-perturbation” method gives near-capacity performance. However there are some open issues, such as the optimization of a regularization parameter, choice of the perturbation interval, and an accurate statistical model of the received signal. In [7] the parameters and model are obtained using heuristics that are not easily generalized to situations not covered in [7]. We provide a statistical analysis of the algorithm that allows us to close some of these open issues. We consider a forward link of a system that consists of
Ultra-structural mutations in epithelium and stroma in colorectal cancer field carcinogenesis and their potential biological mechanisms (2014)

The detection of ultra-structural mutations emerges as a powerful method for colorectal cancer screening. Here we used inverse spectroscopic optical coherence tomography to identify ultra-structural mutations in epithelium and stroma, and explore potential biological mechanisms.
Soluble transition-metal nanoparticles-catalysed hydrogenation of arenes (2010)

Over the last decade, the hydrogenation of arenes catalysed by soluble nanoparticles has attracted much interest from both academic and industrial research groups due to the milder conditions and the interesting selectivities achieved when compared to those obtained with classical heterogeneous catalysts. When substituted arenes are used as substrates in this reaction, the stereoselectivity is a key objective, and high levels of enantioselectivity are yet to be achieved.
Single microassay for matrix degrading enzymes (2001)

Matrix degrading enzymes are implicated in several disease processes such as abdominal aortic aneurysms and emphysema, however, monitoring proteolytic activity in a single assay is not well-established. Numerous assays have been developed to measure matrix degrading enzymes, which use artificial substrates or substrates derived from natural substrate protein. We have recently developed an assay for elastolytic activity based on the detection of primary amines, using trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBSA), following the digestion of succinylated elastin. The assay is also versatile enough to allow the detection of other proteases through the use of succinylated substrate specific for given protease. In order to improve the sensitivity and versatility of the assay we have refined the buffer conditions (PBS pH 7.2/1 mM CaCl2) to provide a 60 % increase in sensitivity to elastolytic activity and also formulated a substrate mixture containing succinylated elastin, collagen and gelatin. The combination of a substrate mixture and an optimum buffer will allow a spectrum of enzymes to be detected in a single reaction, providing a more complete picture of total proteolytic activity in a biological sample. This assay may also provide a tool to use proteolytic activity as a marker to monitor pathologic conditions involving matrix turn-over.
Strengthening and toughening of hot-direct-rolled steels by addition of a small amount of titanium. (1989)

A laboratory study has been made on the mechanical properties of hot-direct-rolled steels containing a small amount of titanium.In the steels processed by hot-direct-rolling, even a small amount of titanium content (0.005-0.02 wt%) which has little effect on the strengthening of the steels processed by conventional reheat-rolling was found to be very effective both in the strengthening and in the low temperature toughening. Chemical analyses and electron microscopy confirmed that in the hot-direct-rolling process, most of titanium is in super-saturated solid-solution during cooling after solidification down to the temperature at the start of hot rolling. The titanium in solution precipitates as very fine particles of titanium nitride during the hot rolling.From a further detailed study of the change in mechanical properties with nitrogen content for the direct-rolled low-titanium steels, it was concluded that the higher nitrogen content steels (more than 40 ppm) are strengthened mainly by TiN particles of non-embrittling type with precipitate during hot rolling. For the lower nitrogen content steels (less than 20 ppm), the main strengthening is caused by TiC particles of embrittling type which precipitate after hot rolling.
Differential In Vitro Effects of Intravenous versus Oral Formulations of Silibinin on the HCV Life Cycle and Inflammation (2011)

Silymarin prevents liver disease in many experimental rodent models, and is the most popular botanical medicine consumed by patients with hepatitis C. Silibinin is a major component of silymarin, consisting of the flavonolignans silybin A and silybin B, which are insoluble in aqueous solution. A chemically modified and soluble version of silibinin, SIL, has been shown to potently reduce hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels in vivo when administered intravenously. Silymarin and silibinin inhibit HCV infection in cell culture by targeting multiple steps in the virus lifecycle. We tested the hepatoprotective profiles of SIL and silibinin in assays that measure antiviral and anti-inflammatory functions. Both mixtures inhibited fusion of HCV pseudoparticles (HCVpp) with fluorescent liposomes in a dose-dependent fashion. SIL inhibited 5 clinical genotype 1b isolates of NS5B RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity better than silibinin, with IC50 values of 40-85 µM. The enhanced activity of SIL may have been in part due to inhibition of NS5B binding to RNA templates. However, inhibition of the RdRps by both mixtures plateaued at 43-73%, suggesting that the products are poor overall inhibitors of RdRp. Silibinin did not inhibit HCV replication in subgenomic genotype 1b or 2a replicon cell lines, but it did inhibit JFH-1 infection. In contrast, SIL inhibited 1b but not 2a subgenomic replicons and also inhibited JFH-1 infection. Both mixtures inhibited production of progeny virus particles. Silibinin but not SIL inhibited NF-κB- and IFN-B-dependent transcription in Huh7 cells. However, both mixtures inhibited T cell proliferation to similar degrees. These data underscore the differences and similarities between the intravenous and oral formulations of silibinin, which could influence the clinical effects of this mixture on patients with chronic liver diseases.
Design and testing of a Self-Mooring AUV (2012)

The Virginia Tech Self-Mooring AUV is capable of mooring itself on the seafloor. Its principal mission is to deploy bottom-mounted sensors without the need for a support ship to visit the mooring location. The mooring concept was previously demonstrated using a small-scale prototype. It has, more recently, been transitioned to a full-scale system and successfully demonstrated in the field. In this paper, we document the design of the full-scale vehicle and present results from field trials.
Laser emission from semiconductor microcavities: transition from nonperturbative to perturbative regimes (2002)

Summary form only given.We present experimental studies of laser emission in the nonperturbative regime in a GaAs quantum well (QW) microcavity. By tuning the cavity resonance to the low energy side of the inhomogeneous exciton distribution, we are able to achieve laser emission at exciton densities well below the exciton saturation density at which cavity polaritons vanish.
RESPONSE OF PREDATORS TO LOSS AND FRAGMENTATION OF PREY HABITAT: A REVIEW OF THEORY (2006)

Despite extensive empirical research and previous reviews, no clear patterns regarding the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on predator–prey interactions have emerged. We suggest that this is because empirical researchers do not design their studies to test specific hypotheses arising from the theoretical literature. In fact, theoretical work is almost completely ignored by empirical researchers, perhaps because it may be inaccessible to them. The purpose of this paper is to review theoretical work on the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on predator–prey interactions. We provide a summary of clear, testable theoretical predictions for empirical researchers. To test one or more of these predictions, an empiricist will need certain information on the predator and prey species of interest. This includes: (1) whether the predator is a specialist on one prey species or feeds on many kinds of prey (omnivore and generalist); (2) whether the predator is restricted to the same habitat type as the focal prey (specialist), can use a variety of habitats but has higher survival in the prey habitat (omnivore), or lives primarily outside of the focal prey's habitat (generalist); (3) whether prey-only patches have lower prey extinction rates than predator–prey patches; and (4) whether the prey emigrate at higher rates from predator–prey patches than from prey-only patches. Empiricists also need to be clear on whether they are testing a prediction about habitat loss or habitat fragmentation and need to conduct empirical studies at spatial scales appropriate for testing the theoretical prediction(s). We suggest that appropriate use of the theoretical predictions in future empirical research will resolve the apparent inconsistencies in the empirical literature on this topic.
Press-Fit Condylar Design Total Knee Arthroplasty (2007)

This long-term analysis indicates that the Press-Fit Condylar total knee implant is a successful implant system with excellent longevity.
Electrostatic interactions and the piezoelectric equations (1980)

In piezoelectricity, the stress equations of motion are coupled to the charge equation of electrostatics by means of the linear piezoelectric constitutive equations which contain the piezoelectric constants that couple the small strain to the electric field. In the case of the more general nonlinear interaction of the electric field with a deformable insulator, the Maxwell electrostatic stress tensor must be included in the description. Furthermore, in the nonlinear case, a rotationally invariant combination of the electric field and the deformation occurs in the constitutive equations in place of the electric field for the same reason that the finite train occurs. The linear electroelastic equations for small dynamic fields, superposed on a static bias obtained from the nonlinear system, are more general than the linear piezoelectric equations in that the linear constitutive equations depend on the small local mechanical rotation, as well as the small strain. Nevertheless, when the biasing stress and electric field vanish, even though a biasing strain and polarization are present, the equations reduce to those of linear piezoelectricity. Consequently, the linear equations for the polarized ferroelectric ceramic, which operates essentially by means of biased electrostriction, are identical with those of linear piezoelectricity for the symmetry of the polarized state. When the biasing electric field is retained in the linear electroelastic equations, they are applicable in the description of the self-biased electret microphone. The influence of any bias on the frequency response of a piezoelectric resonator may readily be obtained from the linear equations for small fields superposed on a bias with the aid of an existing perturbation equation. Some examples are given.
Beta Adrenergic Overstimulation Impaired Vascular Contractility via Actin-Cytoskeleton Disorganization in Rabbit Cerebral Artery (2012)

Proteomic analysis revealed remarkably decreased expression of cytoskeleton organizing proteins (e.g. actin related protein 1A and 2, α-actin, capping protein Z beta, and vimentin) and anti-oxidative stress proteins (e.g. heat shock protein 9A and stress-induced-phosphoprotein 1) in ISO-CAs. As a cause of dysregulation of actin-cytoskeleton organization, we found decreased level of RhoA and ROCK1, which are major regulators of actin-cytoskeleton organization. As functional consequences of proteomic alteration, we found the decreased transient Ca(2+) efflux and constriction response to angiotensin II and high K(+) in ISO-CAs. ISO also increased basal ROS generation and induced oxidative damage in CA; however, it decreased the Ang II-induced ROS generation rate. These results indicate that ISO disrupted actin cytoskeleton proteome network through down-regulation of RhoA/ROCK1 proteins and increased oxidative damage, which consequently led to contractile dysfunction in CA.
Ultrafast micro-CT for in vivo small animal imaging and industrial applications (2004)

A new, ultra-fast microCT instrument with scanning+reconstruction cycle under 50 seconds for full 3D-volume has been created. The scanner based on the scanning geometry with static object and rotation of source-camera pair(s), which allows using it for industrial applications as well as for low-dose in-vivo imaging of small laboratory animals where rotation of the object is not acceptable. Acquisition part contains two pairs of x-ray sources and cameras for data collection from complementary directions simultaneously. Reconstruction engine (cone-beam reconstruction by modified Feldkamp algotithm) includes 1, 2 or 4 dual Intel-Xeon computers working in parallel under control of the host PC through local network. The instrument specifications are following: voxel size is 48 or 96 um for corresponding 1024x1024x1024 or 512x512x512 reconstruction array; scanning time with parallel reconstruction is 50 seconds for 96um resolution. X-ray sources peak energy can be adjusted in the range of 20-65kV. Typical scanning dose is 0.4Gy. The scanner itself is a compact desktop instrument, which contains all x-ray parts and necessary shielding for safe operations in the normal laboratory environments.
Murine macrophage behavior on peptide-grafted polyethyleneglycol-containing networks (1998)

Polyethyleneglycol-based networks were employed as substrates to graft bioactive peptides to study macrophage interactions with materials. Our overall objective was to utilize biologically active factors to stimulate certain macrophage function on materials suitable for implantation in connective tissues. In this study, we sought to explore the bioactivity of several peptides derived from extracellular matrix adhesion proteins and macrophage-active proteins that are normally soluble. The candidate peptides examined corresponded to residues 63 to 77 of complement component C3a (C3a(63-77)), residues 178 to 207 of interleukin-1 beta (IL1beta(178-207)), residues 1615 to 1624 of fibronectin (FN(1615-1624)), endothelial-macrophage activating polypeptide II, complement component C5a inhibitory sequence, macrophage inhibitory peptide, and YRGDG; materials lacking peptides were used as negative controls. An established murine cell-line IC-21 was employed as a macrophage model, and human dermal fibroblasts were used for comparison. Our results showed that the substrates without grafted peptides were free from artifactual cell adhesion associated with the adsorption of serum or cellularly secreted proteins for long duration of culture. Of all grafted samples, IL1beta(178-207)- and C3a(63-77)-grafted surfaces supported higher adherent macrophage densities. C3a(63-77)- and FN(1615-1624)-grafted surfaces supported higher adherent fibroblast densities. From competitive inhibition studies, cell adhesion was determined to occur in a receptor-peptide specific manner. The presence of grafted YRGDG in addition to IL1beta(178-207), C3a(63-77), or FN(1615-1624) synergistically increased macrophage and fibroblast adhesion. Materials grafted with IL1beta(178-207) or C3a(63-77) co-grafted with or without YRGDG did not support the formation of multinucleated giant cells from the fusion of adherent macrophages in vitro.