gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective dry etching in a high density plasma for 0.5 μm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology (1994)

0.5 μm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor structures were utilized to investigate the selective nature of a high density plasma reactor. The formation of borderless contacts and local interconnects by the selective etch stop film approach was discussed and shown to be affected by topography, planarization, and nonuniformities. A factorial design of experiments determined the optimum conditions of the selective oxide etch chemistry. The resulting etch chemistry was characterized by measurable quantities such as an oxide etch rate of 1200 nm/min, a patterned (0.5 μm image) etch-rate ratio for oxide:nitride ≳100:1 and 5%-3σ uniformity. And, finally, an integrated in situ oxide etch/resist strip/nitride etch was presented.
Algebraic distributed differential space-time codes with low decoding complexity (2008)

The differential encoding/decoding setup introduced by Kiran et al, Oggier-Hassibi and Jing-Jafarkhani for wireless relay networks that use codebooks consisting of unitary matrices is extended to allow codebooks consisting of scaled unitary matrices. For such codebooks to be usable in the Jing-Hassibi protocol for cooperative diversity, the conditions involving the relay matrices and the codebook that need to be satisfied are identified. Using the algebraic framework of extended Clifford algebras, a new class of Distributed Differential Space-Time Codes satisfying these conditions for power of two number of relays and also achieving full cooperative diversity with a low complexity sub-optimal receiver is proposed. Simulation results indicate that the proposed codes outperform both the cyclic codes as well as the circulant codes. Furthermore, these codes can also be applied as Differential Space-Time codes for noncoherent communication in classical point to point multiple antenna systems.
Photostability and molecular structure (1973)

Photostability, defined as the inverse of the quantum yield of a photochemical reaction, is assumed to be proportional to the rate of internal conversion. The rate of internal conversion is inversely proportional to the energy difference between the first excited state and the ground state. In intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded π systems, the photoexcited enol form rearranges itself to an excited keto form. SCF LCAO MO calculations indicate that the energy difference between the first excited state and the ground state is smaller in the keto form than in the enol form. Experiments are reported in support of these theoretical considerations. Weak, strongly red-shifted fluorescence is observed at 77°K for several photostable quinazolines, pyrimidines, quinolines, pyrazines, benzotriazoles, and benzophenones with an o-hydroxyphenyl group in ortho position to a ring nitrogen or a carbonyl group. For some compounds a moderately red-shifted fluorescence is observed as well. No phosphorescence is detected. None of the compounds fluoresce at room temperature. When intramolecular hydrogen bonding is destroyed by, e.g., methylation, the compound shows phosphorescence and moderately red-shifted fluorescence. With data from the literature, the increase in photostability due to enol-keto tautomerism in the excited state is estimated. The increase agrees well with the experimental results.
Image retrieval by information fusion based on scalable vocabulary tree and robust Hausdorff distance (2017)

In recent years, Scalable Vocabulary Tree (SVT) has been shown to be effective in image retrieval. However, for general images where the foreground is the object to be recognized while the background is cluttered, the performance of the current SVT framework is restricted. In this paper, a new image retrieval framework that incorporates a robust distance metric and information fusion is proposed, which improves the retrieval performance relative to the baseline SVT approach. First, the visual words that represent the background are diminished by using a robust Hausdorff distance between different images. Second, image matching results based on three image signature representations are fused, which enhances the retrieval precision. We conducted intensive experiments on small-scale to large-scale image datasets: Corel-9, Corel-48, and PKU-198, where the proposed Hausdorff metric and information fusion outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by about 13, 15, and 15%, respectively.
Spontaneous Pneumothorax (2000)

A case with bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax was presented. Etiology, mechanism, and treatment were discussed on the review of literature. Spontaneous Pneumothorax is a clinical entity resulting from a sudden non traumatic rupture of the lung. Biach reported in 1880 that 78% of 916 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax had tuberculosis. Kjergaard emphasized 1932 the primary importance of subpleural bleb disease. Currently the clinical spectrum of spontaneous pneumothorax seems to have entered a third era with the recognition of the interstitial lung disease and AIDS as a significant etiology. Standard treatment is including: observation, thoracocentesis, tube thoracostomy. Chemical pleurodesis, bullectomy or wedge resection of lung with pleural abrasion and occasionally pleurectomy. Little information has been reported regarding the efficacy of such treatment in spontaneous pneumothorax secondary to non bleb disease
Access to Resources: The International Dimension. (1986)

L'acces aux documents est graduellement passe de la possession individuelle a l'acces local puis national et enfin international. Les catalogues collectifs ou automatises devraient encore accelerer ce phenomene du partage des ressources. L'enregistrement numerise des informations et les technologies actuelles de transmission offrent de nouvelles possibilites mais dans le meme temps le pret interbibliotheque classique se heurte a des barrieres et restrictions nombreuses. Peu de pays sont capables de fournir la majorite de leurs propres publications. La cooperation internationale dans la constitution des collections restera vraisemblablement de peu de secours; mais elle pourrait etre plus efficace grâce au microfilmage et a la digitalisation. Dans l'avenir cet acces international devrait etre encore ameliore par le CD-ROM qui permettrait a des bibliotheques d'acquerir de facon economique une importante quantite d'informations. (INTD)
Control Efficiency of Submicron Particles by an Efficient Venturi Scrubber System (2007)

An efficient venturi scrubber system combining a particle growth device and a traditional venturi scrubber was designed and tested in the laboratory. Before the venturi scrubber, saturated steam at 100°C was mixed with normal temperature waste stream to achieve supersaturation conditions allowing submicron particles to grow into micron sizes. Hence the control efficiency of submicron particles was greatly enhanced at a reasonably low pressure drop as compared to that found in the literature. At a flow rate of 250L∕min and a liquid to gas ratio of 2.5L∕m3, the control efficiency of the present venturi scrubber system for NaCl particles greater than 100nm is greater than 90%, and pressure drop is only about 44cmH2O(4.3kPa). In comparison, to remove only 50% of 0.6μm particles at the same liquid to gas ratio, the pressure drop needed will be greater than 200cmH2O (or 19.6kPa). Theoretical calculation has also been conducted to simulate particle growth process and the control efficiency of the venturi scrubber considering the effects of mixing ratio (ratio of steam to waste stream by mass flow rate) and particle diameter. Theoretical results using Calvert’s theory (1970) were found to agree well with the experimental data for NaCl particles greater than 50nm, and for SiO2 particles greater than 150nm.
Construction of Westminster Station, London (2001)

The most complex and technically demanding station on the Jubilee Line Extension Project, with the deepest basement in London, was constructed within the political heart of the country and under one of London's oldest underground railway stations. Various civil engineering techniques such as tunnelling, piling, diaphragm walling and top-down construction were used to construct the station escalator hall and foundations to a prestigious new parliamentary building. Buildings surrounding the work-site, together with the District and Circle Line station passing diagonally through it, severely restricted construction access and working space. Major challenges to the construction team included movement control of adjacent structures such as St Stephen's Clock Tower (Big Ben) and a major trunk sewer, and rebuilding the existing station while maintaining an uninterrupted flow of passengers and trains through the station. This paper describes the construction of the new Westminster Station (excluding tunnel works), which was part of Contract 102 of the Jubilee Line Extension Project: Green Park to Waterloo Tunnels, Westminster and Waterloo Stations.
Multiple Combination Bactericidal Antibiotic Testing for Patients with Cystic Fibrosis Infected with Multiresistant Strains of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2000)

We developed a rapid in vitro antibiotic susceptibility test to screen double- and triple-antibiotic combinations for bactericidal activity against 75 multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates referred from 44 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. When used alone, the most effective intravenous antibiotic, meropenem, was bactericidal against only 44% of the isolates. High-dose tobramycin (200 microg/ml; concentrations achievable by aerosol administration) was bactericidal against 72% of isolates. Adding a second antibiotic significantly improved bactericidal activity. The most effective double-antibiotic combinations contained high-dose tobramycin plus meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, or ciprofloxacin, and were bactericidal against 88 to 94% of the isolates. Excluding high-dose tobramycin, the most effective intravenous double-antibiotic combinations contained meropenem plus ciprofloxacin, tobramycin (4 microg/ml), or cefipime, and were bactericidal against 85%, 71%, and 70% of isolates, respectively. Adding a third antibiotic did not significantly improve inhibition in vitro. We conclude that double-antibiotic combinations containing meropenem or high-dose tobramycin show the best bactericidal activity in vitro against multiresistant strains of P. aeruginosa. Addition of a third antibiotic to these double-antibiotic combinations may be unnecessary.
An Impact Test for Use with Cermets (1956)

Several specimens of a commercially produced nickel‐bonded titanium carbide cermet were tested in eight laboratories at room temperature and at 1800°F. by an increment‐type impact test in which the specimens were held as a cantilever in a vise and were subjected to repeated blows of increasing intensity at their free ends. The inconsistent results obtained were attributed to differences in (1) vise jaw insert material and design, (2) vise gripping pressure, or (3) the stress condition of the specimen at elevated temperatures as contrasted with that at room temperature. A different increment‐type impact test was developed and was used for evaluating the low‐velocity impact behavior of cermets as a function of temperature. In this test the specimens were supported at their ends and were subjected to impact loading at their midpoints by a freely falling hammer. Hot tests were conducted on specimens heated by means of their electrical resistance. The test was modified, by the addition of a miniature muffle furnace, for testing electrical insulators at elevated temperatures. It was established that increment impact tests, when used with metal‐bonded cermets, are subject to a repeated‐blow effect; i.e., low‐energy blows contribute not only to recoverable elastic deformation but also to some permanent damage. In spite of this complication, the new test has been tentatively accepted for use by several cermet research laboratories.
<title>A Review Of Technology For Detection Of Explosives</title> (1977)

Approximately 2000 cases of illegal use of explosives take place every year in the U.S. Many of these are probably not preventable. However it is now possible to detect explosives in particular situations or scenarios where importance or vulnerability are high. Some of the possible characteristics or signatures of explosives that might make them more detectable are reviewed--particularly vapors and compositions. An example is given of the transport of explosive vapors through baggage to show the magnitude of the detectables and the uncertainties involved. A number of technologies that have been applied and some that are under investigation are presented. Progress has been made in increasing the sensitivity of instruments to detect some commercial explosives. The plasma chromatograph is technically the most promising device for routine explosive vapor detection because of its potential high sensitivity, specificity and ability to sense for a number of explosive vapors simultaneously.
Co 72 Fe 20 B 8 : Structure, magnetism, and tunneling spin polarization (2006)

We present measurements of tunneling spin polarization of Co72Fe20B8 in Al∕AlOx∕CoFeB tunnel junctions using superconducting tunneling spectroscopy. We consistently observe high spin polarization (above 53%), higher than that measured for comparable CoFe alloys, indicating a crucial role played by the 8% atomic boron. X-ray diffraction measurements on 700Å thick films reveal an amorphous structure for as-deposited films, while anneals above 250°C initiate a gradual crystallization. Superconducting quantum interference device magnetometery shows that the magnetic moment exhibits minor changes after anneals, but there is a dramatic change in the coercivity after anneals above 400°C. However, these structural and magnetic changes induce only a slight change in the tunneling spin polarization of CoFeB.
BCI-FES system for neuro-rehabilitation of stroke patients (2016)

Nowadays, strokes are a growing cause of mortality and many people remain with motor sequelae and troubles in the daily activities. To treat this sequelae, alternative rehabilitation techniques are needed. In this article a Brain Computer Interface (BCI) system to control a Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) system is presented. It can be used as a novel tool in easy setup clinical routines, to improve the rehabilitation process by mean of detecting patient´s motor intention, performing it by FES and finally receiving appropriate feedback The BCI-FES system presented here, consists of three blocks: the first one decodes the patient´s intention and it is composed by the patient, the acquisition hardware and the processing software (Emotiv EPOC®). The second block, based on Arduino's technology, transforms the information into a valid command signal. The last one excites the patient´s neuromuscular system by means of a FES device. In order to evaluate the cerebral activity sensed by the device, topographic maps were obtained. The BCI-FES system was able to detect the patient´s motor intention and control the FES device. At the time of this publication, the system it's being employing in a rehabilitation program with patients post stroke.
Aliphatic and enantioselective amidases: from hydrolysis to acyl transfer activity (2001)

Journal Article Aliphatic and enantioselective amidases: from hydrolysis to acyl transfer activity Get access D. Fournand, D. Fournand GER de Chimie Biologique, Institut National Agronomique Paris‐Grignon, Thiverval‐Grignon, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Arnaud A. Arnaud UFR de Microbiologie Industrielle et Génétique des Microorganismes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier, Montpellier, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Applied Microbiology, Volume 91, Issue 3, 12 September 2001, Pages 381–393, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01378.x Published: 12 September 2001 Article history Received: 12 January 2001 Revision received: 05 March 2001 Accepted: 06 March 2001 Published: 12 September 2001
PD-1 Blockage Reverses Immune Dysfunction and Hepatitis B Viral Persistence in a Mouse Animal Model (2012)

Persistent hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection results in chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent studies in animal models of viral infection indicate that the interaction between the inhibitory receptor, programmed death (PD)-1, on lymphocytes and its ligand (PD-L1) play a critical role in T-cell exhaustion by inducing T-cell inactivation. High PD-1 expression levels by peripheral T-lymphocytes and the possibility of improving T-cell function by blocking PD-1-mediated signaling confirm the importance of this inhibitory pathway in inducing T-cell exhaustion. We studied T-cell exhaustion and the effects of PD-1 and PD-L1 blockade on intrahepatic infiltrating T-cells in our recently developed mouse model of HBV persistence. In this mouse animal model, we demonstrated that there were increased intrahepatic PD-1-expressing CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in mice with HBV persistence, but PD-1 upregulation was resolved in mice which had cleared HBV. The Intrahepatic CD8+ T-cells expressed higher levels of PD-1 and lower levels of CD127 in mice with HBV persistence. Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions increased HBcAg-specific interferon (IFN)-γ production in intrahepatic T lymphocytes. Furthermore, blocking the interaction of PD-1 with PD-L1 by an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) reversed the exhausted phenotype in intrahepatic T lymphocytes and viral persistence to clearance of HBV in vivo. Our results indicated that PD-1 blockage reverses immune dysfunction and viral persistence of HBV infection in a mouse animal model, suggesting that the anti-PD-1 mAb might be a good therapeutic candidate for chronic HBV infection.
HVH. . .VH multi-layer channel routing (1991)

The authors present an algorithm for the HVH. . .VH multi-layer channel routing problem. First they determine the net groups to be positioned on the same track using a left-edge algorithm. The vertical constraint graph made from these net groups may contain many cycles. There is an attempt to remove the cycles through proper layer assignment and maze routing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High incidence of skewed X chromosome inactivation in young patients with familial non-<i>BRCA1/BRCA2</i> breast cancer: Table 1 (2005)

Skewed X inactivation may be a risk factor for the development of breast cancer in both sporadic and familial breast cancer and may indicate an effect of X linked genes.
A Plutonium-Fueled High-Moderated Pressurized Water Reactor for the Next Century (1996)

Within the framework of French reprocessing policy, for several years, Electricité de France has been studying a high-moderating-ratio (HMR) pressurized water reactor that could accept 100% mixed-oxide (MOX) reloads. Total plutonium content is 9% to ensure a discharge burnup of 60 000 MWd/tonne. A high-moderating ratio (2.5 instead of 2.0) is obtained by replacing 36 fuel rods by water holes. This solution combines the advantages of high moderation (better efficiency of soluble boron, control rods, etc.) and technological continuity. The core should contain 241 fuel assemblies for a total thermal output of 4250 MW(thermal). The fuel management is easy, but core control requires the use of 10B-enriched boron carbide for the control rods and 10B-enriched soluble boric acid for the primary system, thereby ensuring satisfactory core behavior under accident conditions such as control rod ejection and unexpected valve opening on the secondary side. The advantages of this 100% MOX core compared with a 50% MOX core are discussed. This concept is fully compatible with the future European pressurized reactor (EPR). This 100% MOX HMR reactor could be the plutonium version of the EPR.
Identification of <i>Botrytis</i> spp. on Plants Grown in Iran (2007)

Abstract A total of 363 isolates were collected from all over Iran. They were isolated from apple, arum lily, briar rose, bride wort, broad bean, camellia, canola, carnation, cucumber, egg plant, feijoa, geranium, gerbera, gladiolus, grape, guilder rose, hibiscus, iris, kiwifruit, oleander, onion, orange, pear, pomegranate, primrose, quince, redbud, robinia, rose, rubber plant, sow thiste, spathe flower, strawberry, tomato, violet, wall flower and wheat. To identify the species, morphological characters such as conidiophore length, conidial and sclerotial dimensions were measured. According to morphological and cultural characters, eight Botrytis species were identified: B. aclada sensu lato , B. cinerea , B. fabae , B. convoluta , B. gladiolorum , B. paeoniae , B. pelargonii and B. porri . As far as we are aware, this is the first report of the last five species from Iran. These species were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using necrosis and ethylene‐inducing protein (NEP2) and C729 primers. A 835 bp band was amplified in B. cinerea , B. fabae and B. pelargonii , using NEP2, but not in others. However, C729 primers amplified a 700 bp band in B. cinerea and B. pelargonii and a 600 bp in B. fabae.
A fire detection system based on intelligent data fusion technology (2004)

In this paper, multi-sensor data fusion technology is used in fire detection, which can better solve problems existing in traditional fire detection, such as lower-grade intelligence, high mis-warning rate, delay-warning etc. According to the fire signal's inherent character, a 3-layers data fusion structure is used. In this fire detecting system, the fire experiential characteristic and the fire data-fitting characteristic of fire signal data are fused by the fuzzy inference system to get the last fire probability. After introducing the "feedback" of cybernetics, a new algorithm that extracts the fire data-fitting characteristic is presented. The algorithm may improve the accuracy and quickness of early warning with a tendency feedback signal. Finally simulation experiments are done for typical flaming fire, typical smoldering fire and the fire under typical disturbance signals in kitchen environment. And satisfactory results are obtained.
Phytochemical fingerprinting of vegetable <i>Brassica oleracea</i> and <i>Brassica napus</i> by simultaneous identification of glucosinolates and phenolics (2011)

This study has provided a deeper and comprehensive identification of health-promoting compounds in kale, cabbage and leaf rape, thus showing that they are a good source of glucosinolates and phenolic antioxidants.
Capsaicin-induced joint inflammation is not blocked by local anesthesia. (2004)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of local anesthetic blockade of afferent innervation on the development of capsaicin-induced edema in the rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) region and on reflex jaw muscle activity. Under halothane anesthesia, 64 male Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared for monitoring of edema development by lateral movement of a needle overlying the left TMJ region and for acute recording of electromyographic activity in ipsilateral digastric and masseter muscles. A double-barrel catheter was inserted into the TMJ region for delivery of saline or 0.5% bupivacaine from 1 needle, followed with the injection of 1% capsaicin, 0.1% capsaicin, or vehicle control from the other needle 5 minutes later. Application of capsaicin into the saline pretreated TMJ region led to dose-dependent edema development and reflex jaw muscle activity; however, only 1% capsaicin solution resulted in significant tissue expansion and muscle activity when compared with the vehicle control. Pretreatment of the rat TMJ region with bupivacaine failed to inhibit capsaicin-induced edema development, although successful blockade of nerve conduction was confirmed with the absence of reflex jaw muscle activity. Capsaicin-induced edema of the rat TMJ region developed independent of axonal conduction, suggesting neurogenic inflammation may arise regardless of functional nerve conduction.