gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parental Care Trade‐Offs and Life‐History Relationships in Insects (2010)

Insect parental care is extensive and varied, but its life-history implications have never been comparatively tested. Using original and literature data, we tested predictions about egg size, egg number (lifetime fecundity), and body size under different parental care modes across a phylogeny of 287 insect species. Life-history theory and both comparative and intraspecific evidence from ectotherms suggest parental care should select for bigger, fewer eggs, but that allometric scaling of egg size and lifetime fecundity may depend on whether care consists of provisioning (density-dependent offspring survival) or merely guarding (density-independent offspring survival). Against expectation, egg size was indistinguishable among parental care modes, covarying only with body size. This refutes most theory of egg size evolution under parental care. Lifetime fecundity scaled differently depending on parental investment-positively under no care and guarding, as in most ectotherms, but negatively under provisioning. Reproductive allocation in provisioning insects resembled that in mammals and birds, also groups with obligate provisioning. We propose that the metabolic demands of multiple offspring must scale with species body size more steeply than the parent's provisioning capacity, resulting in larger females laying fewer eggs. These patterns lay the groundwork for a more general understanding of parental care and life history.
An optimum gate drive for high power GTO thyristors (2003)

The description and design of an optimum gate/base drive for current-controlled-type self-commutated semiconductor switches such as gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) or bipolar transistors are presented. The major disadvantages of the conventional gate/base drive circuits are that they impose timing limitations (such as minimum off-time and maximum on-time), have poor efficiency, and use a reduced DC supply which adversely affects the current rise/fall times. To overcome these problems, a special MOSFET-based current shaping circuit is introduced which minimizes the rise time, significantly reduces the switching losses, is nearly lossless, and does not suffer from any timing limitations. Experimental results verify the performance of the proposed gate/base drive.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anorganisches grundpraktikum (Mahr, Carl) (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTAnorganisches grundpraktikum (Mahr, Carl)Hans B. Jonassen Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 12, A916Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1961Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 December 1961Published inissue 1 December 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/ed038pA916Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Organic Light Emitting Diodes for White Light Emission (2010)

White light sources based on OLEDs are efficient and clean and have the potential to replace the existing lighting system based on incandescent lamp and discharge tubes. Even though the technology has developed to a stage where it can be commercialized, there are many basic issues relating to material science which are not clearly understood and very intense research is required in this direction. Many government funded research agencies and commercial establishment are actively working to improve WOLED efficiency and life time to bring it to acceptable limits. These efforts have started showing results and in the near future we can expect a versatile organic based lighting system replacing the existing light sources.
Wet-Spinning of Recombinant Silk-Elastin-Like Protein Polymer Fibers with High Tensile Strength and High Deformability (2009)

A recombinant silk-elastin-like protein copolymer SELP-47K containing tandemly repeated amino acid sequence blocks from silk, GAGAGS, and elastin, GVGVP, was fabricated into microdiameter fibers using a wet-spinning technique. Raman spectral analysis revealed the formation of antiparallel beta-sheet crystals of the silk-like blocks. Dry SELP-47K fibers display the dependence of mechanical properties such as Young's modulus on fiber diameter, suggesting more oriented and crystallized molecular chains in small-diameter fibers. Additionally, a brittle fracture mode was identified for dry fibers by SEM analysis of fracture surfaces. Hydration dramatically influenced the mechanical behavior of SELP-47K fibers. In contrast to the high tensile strength and limited strains to failure of dry fibers, fully hydrated SELP-47K fibers possessed strains to failure as high as 700%. Furthermore, upon chemical cross-linking, a tensile mechanical strength up to 20 MPa was achieved in hydrated fibers without compromising their high deformability. By combing the silk- and elastin-derived sequences into a single SELP-47K protein polymer, we demonstrated that protein fibers with high tensile strength and high deformability can be fabricated.
A New Ignition System for Pulse Detonation Engine (2004)

A new ignition system is applied to pulse detonation engine (PDE), which is flame jet ignition (FJI) system, to enhance a deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) time and length. The idea of FJI is not new, but its use to PDE has not been seen ever. The present study is to show the feasibility of FJI to PDE by comparing with a conventional spark ignition (CSI) system. FJI system has a small sub-chamber of 0.5-12.8 cm 3 in volume with a spark plug to produce a lot of ions and radicals in the PDE main chamber. Three subjects are studied: 1) to optimize the best configuration of FJI sub-chamber to obtain its basic design, 2) to evaluate FJI performance on multi-cycle operation using the best FJI configuration, 3) to visualize the ignition mechanism by FJI system in the PDE chamber. All experiments are also compared with those operated by the CSI system. As for results, the best size and design for FJI system is obtained using a non-dimensional value. The FJI system is shown to be a most effective ignition system to shorten DDT time by a factor of 3.9 comparing with the CSI system. A visualization of injection system by Schlieren movies reveals the essence of faster flame ignition and propagation by FJI system.
Raman scattering study of a phase transition in tantalum pentoxide (2000)

Ta2O5 ceramics and crystals were prepared and analyzed using Raman spectroscopy in the temperature range 25–873 K. The low-energy phonon bands (ν < 100 cm−1) of Ta2O5 are assigned to external modes originating from the interaction between different Ta polyhedra and TaOn5 − 2n Ta6O126+ clusters. The temperature and polarization dependence of external modes suggests the existence of clusters in the material. A softening of the low-energy bands was observed with increasing temperature. The spectral evolutions show a soft mode-derived second-order monoclinic to orthorhombic phase transition at about 600 K in Ta2O5. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
mRNP Granule Proteins Fmrp and Dcp1a Differentially Regulate Muscle Stem Cell Quiescence via Reciprocally Regulating mRNP Complexes (2020)

Abstract Background: During skeletal muscle regeneration, satellite stem cells use distinct pathways to repair damaged myofibers or to self-renew by returning to quiescence. Cellular/mitotic quiescence employs mechanisms that promote a poised or primed state, including altered RNA turnover and translational repression. Here, we investigate the role of mRNP granule proteins Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (Fmrp) and Decapping protein 1a (Dcp1a) in muscle stem cell quiescence and differentiation. Methods: Using isolated single muscle fibers from adult mice, we established differential enrichment of mRNP granule proteins including Fmrp and Dcp1a in muscle stem cells vs. myofibers. We investigated muscle tissue homeostasis in adult Fmr1 -/- mice, analyzing myofiber cross-sectional area in vivo and satellite cell proliferation ex vivo . We explored the molecular mechanisms of Dcp1a and Fmrp function in quiescence, proliferation and differentiation in a C2C12 culture model. Here, we used polysome profiling, imaging and RNA/protein expression analysis to establish the abundance and assembly status of mRNP granule proteins in different cellular states, and the phenotype of knockdown cells. Results: Quiescent muscle satellite cells are enriched for puncta containing the translational repressor Fmrp, but not the mRNA decay factor Dcp1a. MuSC isolated from Fmr1 -/- mice exhibit defective proliferation and mature myofibers show reduced cross-sectional area, suggesting a role for Fmrp in muscle homeostasis. Expression and organization of Fmrp and Dcp1a varies between different cell states in culture. Consistent with its role as a translational repressor, Fmrp is enriched in non-translating mRNP complexes abundant in quiescent myoblasts; Dcp1a puncta are lost in quiescence, suggesting stabilized and repressed transcripts. The function of each protein differs during proliferation; whereas Fmrp knockdown led to decreased proliferation and lower cyclin expression, Dcp1a knockdown led to increased cell proliferation and higher cyclin expression. However, knockdown of either Fmrp or Dcp1a led to compromised differentiation. We also observed cross-regulation of decay versus storage mRNP granules; knockdown of Fmrp enhances accumulation of Dcp1a puncta, whereas knockdown of Dcp1a leads to increased Fmrp in puncta. Conclusions: Taken together, our results provide evidence that the balance of mRNA turnover versus utilization is specific for distinct cellular states.
Recirculating Planar Magnetrons: Simulations and experiment (2012)

The Recirculating Planar Magnetron (RPM) is a crossed-field device which presents numerous advantages in generating HPM. A 12-cavity, conventional-polarity, 1GHz model was designed and tested at a −300 kV, 0.3–0.5 microsecond pulselength and a 0.3 T axial magnetic field. The initial design and experimental results are discussed.
Biology ofEphedrus plagiator1on Different Aphid Hosts and at Various Temperatures2 (1974)

Journal Article Biology of Ephedrus plagiator on Different Aphid Hosts and at Various Temperatures Get access H. B. Jackson, H. B. Jackson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. E. Rogers, C. E. Rogers Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. D. Eikenbary, R. D. Eikenbary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. J. Starks, K. J. Starks Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. W. Mcnew R. W. Mcnew 3Respectively: formerly, Graduate Research Asst., currently supervisor, Plant Pest Regulatory Serv., Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631; formerly Research Associate, currently Asst. Prof., Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., P. O. Box 1658, Vernon, TX 76384; Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Entomology, Okla. State Univ.; Research Entomologist, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Stillwater, OK 74074; and Ass!. Prof., Dept. of Statistics, Okla. State Univ., Stillwater, OK 74074. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 3, Issue 4, 1 August 1974, Pages 618–620, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/3.4.618 Published: 01 August 1974 Article history Received: 20 July 1973 Published: 01 August 1974
<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>Innexins Regulate Active Zone Differentiation (2009)

In a genetic screen for active zone defective mutants in Caenorhabditis elegans, we isolated a loss-of-function allele of unc-7, a gene encoding an innexin/pannexin family gap junction protein. Innexin UNC-7 regulates the size and distribution of active zones at C. elegans neuromuscular junctions. Loss-of-function mutations in another innexin, UNC-9, cause similar active zone defects as unc-7 mutants. In addition to presumptive gap junction localizations, both UNC-7 and UNC-9 are also localized perisynaptically throughout development and required in presynaptic neurons to regulate active zone differentiation. Our mosaic analyses, electron microscopy, as well as expression studies suggest a novel and likely nonjunctional role of specific innexins in active zone differentiation in addition to gap junction formations.
Smoking enhanced the expression of MDR-1 in rat prostatic carcinoma (1997)

Smoking is associated with the development of different malignancies, especially lung carcinoma. Considerably less interest has been devoted whether the outcome of cancer treatment can be affected by ongoing smoking. In the present study, the effects of ongoing smoking was evaluated on the expression of classical multidrug resistance (MDR-1) in a tumour tissue not usually related to smoking, prostatic carcinoma in rats. The expression of mdr1 was evaluated by quantitative RNA-RNA solution hybridisation and the distribution of the glycoprotein P-170 was examined by immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal antibodies C219 and C494. A group of animals was exposed to cigarette smoke in a nose-only exposure system for 1 h/day, 5 days/week for four weeks. The results demonstrated a significant enhanced expression of mdr1 RNA in the rumours from smoke exposed animals and the immunohistochemical analysis also displayed an increase of the positively stained cells following smoking. These results indicate that alteration at least at the level of transcription is involved in the overexpression of P-170 following smoking. An effect on translation or post-translation cannot be excluded. The observations might add to the experience of drug resistance seen in the clinical situation in tumours associated with carcinogens such as smoking.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroformylation of Epoxides Catalyzed by Cobalt and Hemilabile P—O Ligands. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Maillard Reactions in Hyperthermophilic Archaea: Implications for Better Understanding of Non-Enzymatic Glycation in Biology (2013)

Maillard reactions are an unavoidable feature of life that appear to be damaging to cell and organisms. Consequently, all living systems must have ways to protect themselves against this process. As of 2012, several such defense mechanisms have been identified. They are all enzymatic and were found in mesophilic organisms. To date, no systematic study of Maillard reactions and the relevant defense mechanisms has been conducted in thermophiles (50°C-80°C) or hyperthermophiles (80°C-120°C). This is surprisingly because Maillard reactions become significantly faster and potent with increasing temperatures. This review examines this neglected issue in two well-defined sets of hyperthermophiles. My analysis suggests that hyperthermophiles cope with glycation stress by several mechanisms: • Absence of glycation-prone head groups (such as ethanoalamine) from hyperthermophilic phospholipids • Protection of reactive carbohydrates and labile metabolic intermediates by substrate channeling. • Conversion of excess reactive sugars such as glucose to non-reactive compounds including trehalose, di-myo-inositol-phosphate and mannosylglycerate. • Detoxification of methylglyoxal and other ketoaldehydes by conversion to inert products through a variety of reductases and dehydrogenases. • Scavenging of the remaining carbonyls by nucleophilic amines, including a variety of novel polyamines. Disruption of the Maillard process at its early stages, rather than repair of damage caused by it at later stages, appears to be the preferred strategy in the organisms examined. The most unique among these mechanisms appears to be a polyamine-based scavenging system. Undertaking research of the Maillard process in hyperthermophiles is important in its own right and is also likely to provide new insights for the control of these reactions in humans, especially in diseases such as diabetes mellitus.
DEVELOPMENT OF PLUTONIUM-BEARING FUEL MATERIALS. Monthly Progress Letter for Month of January 1962 (1962)

Development work leading to comparison of co-precipitated and mechanically blended UO/sub 2/-- PuO/sub 2? powders is reported in which special emphasis was placed on blending trials, pellet sintering studies, and subsequent evaluation of pellets made with blended material. Homogeneity studies indicate that currently used procedures are unsatisfactory because particle buildup occurs during blending. Powder preparation via the oxalate route was continued along with PuO/sub 2/ moisture pickup studies. Homogeneous precipitation studies on UO/ sub 2/ were continued to determine feasibility of direct preparation of dense UO/ sub 2/-- PuO/sub 2/ feed materials. Plasma-torch-produced PuO/sub 2/ spheres are being evaluated. (J.R.D.)
Handwritten word recognition using statistics (1994)

In this paper, a system for the recognition of images of handwritten cursive words is presented. Since all the features of the described system are based on symbolic representation of the contour and skeleton, they can be computed very efficiently. The hidden Markov technique, already been used successfully for speech recognition, scores noteworthy results in handwriting recognition, too. In fact, the recognition results are better the larger the number of images contained in the training set. The system has been tested exhaustively with US city names as well as names of German cities. >
A STUDY OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EXHAUST SYSTEM OF A MARINE GAS-TURBINE INSTALLATION WITH DIFFERENT ACTIVE-GAS NOZZLES (1968)

Models of exhaust systems with widely varying design parameters for a marine gas-turbine installation were studied experimentally. The work was done to determine and to select an optimal exhaust system. The experimental unit has a housing cooled by air ejected by the stream of exhaust gases. The results from testing 36 types of the exhaust system employing combinations of three types of active nozzles, two inserts that form the mixing chamber of the ejector, and three types of diffusers are tabulated. It is found that the use of sectional nozzles to feed the active gas into the mixing chamber of the exhaust-system ejector allows broad reduction of the length of the exhaust system with preservation of the characteristics obtained with ordinary nozzles. When the length of the exhaust system is unchanged, sectional nozzles make it possible to reduce the hydraulic resistance of the system and to increase the coefficient of ejection of the cooling air. Sectional nozzles also reduce considerably the noise level of the exhaust gas.
Ultra-short echo-time magnetic resonance imaging distinguishes ischemia/reperfusion injury from acute rejection in a mouse lung transplantation model (2015)

To investigate whether lung tissue characterization by ultra-short echo-time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows ischemia/reperfusion injury to be distinguished from acute rejection in a mouse lung transplantation model. After orthotopic lung transplantation with 6 mice receiving syngeneic (C57Bl/6) lung transplants and 6 mice receiving allogeneic (BALB/c) transplants, they underwent postoperative imaging using three-dimensional UTE-MRI (echo times TE = 50-5000 μs) and conventional T2-weighted fast spin-echo imaging. Quantitative T2* values of lung transplant parenchyma and spin density (SD) were compared by region-of-interest analysis. All samples underwent histological and immunohistochemical workup. In the allogeneic group, alveolar infiltration resulting from acute organ rejection was visualized in the UTE sequences. This was reflected by the quantitative measurements of SD and T2* values with higher values in the allogeneic group compared with the syngeneic group and nontransplanted lung at the first time point (24 h postoperative: Tx allogeneic group SD: 2133.9 ± 516; Tx syngeneic group SD: 1648.61 ± 271; P = 0.004; Tx allogeneic group T2*: 1710.16 ± 644 μs, Tx syngeneic group T2*: 577.16 ± 263 μs; P = <0.001). Changes caused by acute rejection after lung transplantation can be visualized and characterized using a UTE sequence due to different relaxation properties compared with both syngeneic lung transplants and normal lung tissue.
Stable Polarization Entanglement based Quantum Key Distribution over Metropolitan Fibre Network (2020)

Quantum key distribution with O-band polarization-entangled photons over deployed telecom fiber network is demonstrated. Liquid-crystal retarders are used to compensate for fiber birefringence induced errors and ensure stable operation.
Third Harmonic Microscopy: Imaging Applications in the Biological and Material Sciences (2000)

Abstract Tightly focused beams of ultrashort optical pulses such as produced with a high numerical aperture optic as found in a microscope exhibit an interesting property: a strong third harmonic signal is produced when the axial focal symmetry is broken through a change in material properties. This change can be manifested as either a change in refractive index and/or a change in the nonlinear susceptibility of the specimen. Conversely, third harmonic production is inhibited in those cases when the axial focal symmetry is unbroken. This property can be effectively exploited to produce volumetric images of biological and non-biological specimens. The third harmonic is localized to interfaces within the specimen making it possible to produce optical sections in much the same manner as in confocal, and two-photon fluorescence microscopy. Unlike these techniques however, no exogenous fluorophore is necessary for labeling - the signal is produced by endogenous interfaces.
Effects of substitution on nitrogen on barriers to rotation of cyclic amides. Part I. Investigation of the rotational barier in 4-benzoyl-1-thia-4-azacyclohex-2-ene by <sup>1</sup>H dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1977)

The rotational barrier in 4-benzoyl-1-thia-4-azacyclohex-2-ene has been investigated by total line-shape analysis of variable temperature 1 H nmr spectra in acetonitrile-d 3 . Separate treatment of the vinyl and methylene signals yielded sets of values for activation parameters which were in excellent agreement. Assignment of the major and minor rotational isomers was made from chemical-shift data derived from the 13 C nmr spectrum at 243 K in acetonitrile-d 3 .