gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal Buffer Management Policies for Delay Tolerant Networks (2008)

Delay Tolerant Networks are wireless networks where disconnections may occur frequently due to propagation phenomena, node mobility, and power outages. Propagation delays may also be long due to the operational environment (e.g. deep space, underwater). In order to achieve data delivery in such challenging networking environments, researchers have proposed the use of store-carry-and-forward protocols: there, a node may store a message in its buffer and carry it along for long periods of time, until an appropriate forwarding opportunity arises. Additionally, multiple message replicas are often propagated to increase delivery probability. This combination of long-term storage and replication imposes a high storage overhead on untethered nodes (e.g. handhelds). Thus, efficient buffer management policies are necessary to decide which messages should be discarded, when node buffers are operated close to their capacity. In this paper, we propose efficient buffer management policies for delay tolerant networks. We show that traditional buffer management policies like drop-tail or drop-front fail to consider all relevant information in this context and are, thus, sub-optimal. Using the theory of encounter-based message dissemination, we propose an optimal buffer management policy based on global knowledge about the network. Our policy can be tuned either to minimize the average delivery delay or to maximize the average delivery rate. Finally, we introduce a distributed algorithm that uses statistical learning to approximate the global knowledge required by the the optimal algorithm, in practice. Using simulations based on a synthetic mobility model and real mobility traces, we show that our buffer management policy based on statistical learning successfully approximates the performance of the optimal policy in all considered scenarios. At the same time, our policy outperforms existing ones in terms of both average delivery rate and delivery delay.
DistInit: Learning Video Representations Without a Single Labeled Video (2019)

Video recognition models have progressed significantly over the past few years, evolving from shallow classifiers trained on hand-crafted features to deep spatiotemporal networks. However, labeled video data required to train such models has not been able to keep up with the ever increasing depth and sophistication of these networks. In this work we propose an alternative approach to learning video representations that requires no semantically labeled videos, and instead leverages the years of effort in collecting and labeling large and clean still-image datasets. We do so by using state-of-the-art models pre-trained on image datasets as “teachers” to train video models in a distillation framework. We demonstrate that our method learns truly spatiotemporal features, despite being trained only using supervision from still-image networks. Moreover, it learns good representations across different input modalities, using completely uncurated raw video data sources and with different 2D teacher models. Our method obtains strong transfer performance, outperforming standard techniques for bootstrapping video architectures with image based models by 16%. We believe that our approach opens up new approaches for learning spatiotemporal representations from unlabeled video data.
Non-invasive methods of diagnosis of endometriosis (2003)

Current imaging techniques, such as transvaginal ultrasonography, are useful to screen the pelvis for the presence of retroperitoneal endometriosis but fail to diagnose peritoneal lesions, small ovarian endometriomas and adhesions. Postgenomic technologies and identification of novel serum and endometrial markers are likely to revolutionize future diagnosis of endometriosis.
Theoretical study of grating lobes reduction using metallic photonic bandgap materials (MPBG) (1998)

A linear array of three half-wavelength dipoles above a metallic reflector is analyzed. The results are then compared with those of the same array above a different kind of metallic photonic bandgap materials. The aim is to find a structure which allows the greatest reduction of the grating lobes (GL). This reduction can be obtained either by a destructive interference in the direction of the grating lobes or by using propagation inside the MPBG, propagation of normal incidence only (main lobe), or in the GL directions only. Then, an MPBG is selected and is completely analyzed (plane wave response, the radiation pattern with just one dipole and with the array in different configurations). As one solution is based on the propagation of particular modes inside the MPBG, this solution can be enhanced by the use of an MPBG reflector on the other side. But this solution is not perfect since there are grating lobes in the E-plane due to the way the waves are guided in the MPBG. One last structure is presented in order to suppress this grating. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 18: 32–41, 1998.
Willingness to participate in South African HIV vaccine trials--concerns of medical professionals in the Western Cape. (2002)

Of the 289 individuals surveyed, 80% stated either that they would not be willing to participate in HIV vaccine trials or that they were unsure about their participation. Meanwhile, 37% stated that they would be willing to recruit patients into vaccine trials. The most common concerns with trial participation were the possibility of vaccine-induced infection and the possibility of testing positive for antibodies to HIV. The surprisingly low level of willingness to participate in trials in this sample of medical professionals highlights the importance of preparatory work to overcome substantial barriers to HIV vaccine trial participation.
Peptides and pseudopeptides incorporating <i><scp>D</scp></i>‐Phe–Pro–Arg and Arg–Gly–Asp lead sequences as potential antithrombotic agents (2008)

Peptide leads D-Phe-Pro-Arg for thrombin inhibition and Arg-Gly-Asp for antagonistic activity on fibrinogen receptor were combined in one molecule in order to produce compounds capable of acting both as thrombin inhibitors and as fibrinogen receptor antagonists. Peptide conjugate 7 possessing both leads joined by a tetraglycine linker as well as tripeptides and peptidomimetics with highly overlapped D-Phe-Pro-Arg and Arg-Gly-Asp pharmacophore groups were prepared. Conjugate 7 was found to possess antagonistic activity on fibrinogen receptor, but was unexpectedly inactive as thrombin inhibitor. Compound 9 comprising of highly integrated D-Phe-Pro-Arg and Arg-Gly-Asp pharmacophore groups was found to possess a moderate but well balanced thrombin inhibitory and fibrinogen receptor antagonistic activity.
Optimum Design Rules for CMOS Hall Sensors (2017)

This manuscript analyzes the effects of design parameters, such as aspect ratio, doping concentration and bias, on the performance of a general CMOS Hall sensor, with insight on current-related sensitivity, power consumption, and bandwidth. The article focuses on rectangular-shaped Hall probes since this is the most general geometry leading to shape-independent results. The devices are analyzed by means of 3D-TCAD simulations embedding galvanomagnetic transport model, which takes into account the Lorentz force acting on carriers due to a magnetic field. Simulation results define a set of trade-offs and design rules that can be used by electronic designers to conceive their own Hall probes.
Exploiting linear block codes for blind co-channel interference reduction in TDMA based wireless communication systems (2002)

In this paper, we present a novel array processing technique for co-channel interference reduction for TDMA based mobile satellite communication systems using linear block codes. This technique combines least squares projection with syndrome detection (LSPSD) to compute the optimum multi-antenna linear receiver for a signal of interest (SOI) encoded with a linear block coding scheme. The algorithm is shown to reduce co-channel interference and to improve bit error rate performance. Further, we show that the algorithm achieves SNR improvement by coherently adding multipath components of the SOI.
Detrimental effects of physical inactivity on neurogenesis (2016)

Patients diagnosed with neurological disorders exhibit a variety of physical and psychiatric symptoms, including muscle atrophy, general immobility, and depression. Patients who participate in physical rehabilitation at times show unexpected clinical improvement, which includes diminished depression and other stress-related behaviors. Regenerative medicine has advanced two major stem cell-based therapies for central nervous system (CNS) disorders, transplantation of exogenous stem cells, and enhancing the endogenous neurogenesis. The latter therapy utilizes a natural method of re-innervating the injured brain, which may mend neurological impairments. In this study, we examine how inactivity-induced atrophy, using the hindlimb suspension model, alters neurogenesis in rats. The hypothesis is that inactivity inhibits neurogenesis by decreasing circulation growth or trophic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth or neurotrophic factors. The restriction modifies neurogenesis and stem cell differentiation in the CNS, the stem cell microenvironment is examined by the trophic and growth factors, including stress-related proteins. Despite growing evidence revealing the benefits of "increased" exercise on neurogenesis, the opposing theory involving "physical inactivity," which simulates pathological states, continues to be neglected. This novel theory will allow us to explore the effects on neurogenesis by an intransigent stem cell microenvironment likely generated by inactivity. 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine labeling of proliferative cells, biochemical assays of serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain levels of trophic factors, growth factors, and stress-related proteins are suggested identifiers of neurogenesis, while evaluation of spontaneous movements will give insight into the psychomotor effects of inactivity. Investigations devised to show how <i>in vivo</i> stimulation, or lack thereof, affects the stem cell microenvironment are necessary to establish treatment methods to boost neurogenesis in bedridden patients.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Lactones in the Heck Reaction. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
(S49 cells/polyamines/enzyme induction) (2016)

Incubation of S49 lymphoma cells with N6,02'-dibutyryl cyclic AMP (Bt2cAMP) decreases the activities of ornithine decarboxylase (L-ornithine carboxy-lyase; EC 4.1.1.17) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (S-adeno- syl-L-methionine carboxy-lyase; EC 4.1.1.50), the two principal enzymes in the pathway of polyamine synthesis. This decrease is dose-dependent, commences after a 3-hr delay, virtually abolishes the assayable activities of the two enzymes, and is not associated with a soluble inhibitor of the enzyme activities. Studies in mutant S49 clones that have altered protein kinase indicate that cAMP-dependent protein kinase mediates the decreases in enzyme activities. The dose-response pattern for the cAMP-stimulated decrease in enzyme activities parallels the pattern for the cAMP-stimulated, cell cycle-specific (G1) growth arrest of S49 cells. The activity of ornithine decarbox- ylase decreases faster than Bt2cAMP arrests wild-type S49 cells and, similarly, release of cells from the cAMP-stimulated arrest in Gi increases the activity of ornithine decarboxylase faster than cells exit from Gi. These findings contrast with reports that cAMP induces ornithine decarboxylase in other cell types and further suggest that passage of cells through the cell cycle is required for maintaining the activities of ornithine and S-ade- nosylmethionine decarboxylases.
Chemistry, biochemistry, and physiology of insect cuticular lipids (1987)

Abstract The chemistry, biochemistry, and physiology of insect cuticular lipids are reviewed. The types of components present in cuticular extracts are described with special emphasis on the occurrence and identification of the di‐ and trimethylalkanes and the newly discovered tetramethylalkanes. The methods used in the extraction of cuticular components are discussed, including recommendations to standardize procedures. The structural elucidation of methylalkanes, particularly the mass spectral interpretation of multi‐methyl‐branched alkanes, is reviewed. The biosynthesis of cuticular lipids is discussed with emphasis on the hydrocarbon components, describing elongation reactions and the origin of the methyl branches. The effects of environment and development on cuticular lipids are reviewed.
Frontispiece: Non‐Brownian Particle‐Based Materials with Microscale and Nanoscale Hierarchy (2015)

Colloidal Crystals S. R. Little, J. J. McCarthy et al. show in their Communication on page 5854 ff. that by mimicking Brownian motion through agitation and tuning particle sizes and volume ratios, unique patterns are created as analogues to autonomously formed nanostructures.
Fabrication of periodic, resonant features in optical fibres using a CO2 laser micro-tapering system (2006)

We report on novel devices fabricated using an optical fibre micro-tapering facility based on a CO2 laser and high precision translation stages, all of which are computer controlled. The use of a laser to heat the fibre is advantageous over standard flame-tapering systems as it allows greater control over the tapering parameters, namely the size of the irradiated zone, the heating rate and the exposure time. Mounting the fibre on computer-controlled stages gives programmable dynamic control over the fibre tension, as well as the ability to control the position of the tapered section with an accuracy of ±0.5 µm. Using this system, taper regions as short as 150 µm were achieved with a fibre diameter reduction of 50%. Furthermore, periodically tapered fibres and fused tapered microcouplers have been fabricated using this method. Fibres perturbed in this fashion are useful in furthering our understanding of cladding mode interactions and radiation dynamics in optical structures with a non-uniform profile.
R24 anti‐GD3 ganglioside antibody can induce co‐stimulation and prevent the induction of alloantigen‐specific T cell clonal anergy (1996)

R24 is a monoclonal antibody directed against the cell surface ganglioside GD3. It can detect GD3 on the surface of a subset of T lymphocytes and can stimulate proliferation and secretion of cytokines in vitro. In the present report, we examined the effects of the R24 antibody upon antigen-specific T cell response, employing an HLA-DR7-specific T cell clonal model. As previously shown, primary stimulation of HLA-DR7-specific alloreactive T cell clones by transfectants expressing HLA-DR7 alone (t-DR7) in the absence of B7 co-stimulation resulted in anergy. Binding of cell surface GD3 on HLA-DR7-specific alloreactive T cell clones with R24 under these anergizing conditions resulted in interleukin-2 (IL-2) accumulation and prevented the induction of alloantigen-specific T cell clonal anergy. Binding of GD3 by R24 also prevented anergy under conditions where B7:CD28 interactions were blocked by CTLA4-Ig. The effect of R24 was abrogated in the presence of a combination of monoclonal antibodies for the alpha and beta chains of the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) or a neutralizing anti-IL-2 antibody. R24 does not appear to interact directly with the IL-2R since incubation of T cell clones with R24 did not induce early activation of IL-2R associated Jak kinases, Jak1 and Jak3, as was induced following incubation with IL-2. In contrast, incubation of HLA-DR7-specific clones with t-DR7 in the presence of R24 did result in phosphorylation of IL-2R related Jak kinases after 24 h. Our data indicate that the membrane ganglioside GD3 structure recognized by R24 may play an important role in antigen-specific T cell clonal response.
Deficiencies of Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88, Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2), or TLR4 Produce Specific Defects in Macrophage Cytokine Secretion Induced by<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (2007)

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium that colonizes the gastric mucosa, leading to disease conditions ranging from gastritis to cancer. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a central role in innate immunity by their recognition of conserved molecular patterns on bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Upon recognition of microbial components, these TLRs associate with several adaptor molecules, including myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). To investigate the contribution of the innate immune system to H. pylori infection, bone marrow-derived macrophages from mice deficient in TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, and MyD88 were infected with H. pylori SS1 and SD4 for 24 or 48 h. We demonstrate that MyD88 was essential for H. pylori induction of all cytokines investigated except alpha interferon (IFN-alpha). The secretion of IFN-alpha was substantially increased from cells deficient in MyD88. H. pylori induced interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-10 through TLR4/MyD88 signaling. In addition, H. pylori induced less IL-6 and IL-1beta in TLR2-deleted macrophages, suggesting that the MyD88 pathway activated by TLR2 stimulation is responsible for H. pylori induction of the host proinflammatory response (IL-6 and IL-1beta). These observations are important in light of a recent report on IL-6 and IL-1beta playing a role in the development of H. pylori-related gastric cancer. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that H. pylori activates TLR2 and TLR4, leading to the secretion of distinct cytokines by macrophages.
ChemInform Abstract: ZUR UMSETZUNG DES BENZO(B)CHINUCLIDINS MIT ELEKTROPHILEN REAGENTIEN (1971)

Abstract Durch Reduktion von 3‐Ketobenzo(b)chinuclidin (I) erhält man das Benzo(b)chinuclidin (II).
On the Performance Enhancement of a Tactical Monopulse MIMO Radar (2013)

본 논문에서는 지상의 추적 장비들이 무선망으로 연결되어 협력하는 전술형 모노펄스(Monopulse) MIMO 레이더의 성능 향상 기법을 연구하였다. 우선, 기존의 모노펄스 MIMO 레이더에 <TEX>${\alpha}{\beta}$</TEX> 필터를 적용하여 각도 다이버시티(Angular Diversity)를 충분히 얻지 못하는 환경에서의 위치추적 성능을 크게 향상시키는 방법을 제안하였다. 또한 필터링 기법과 연계하여 무선망을 이용하는 지상 추적 장비간 피드백(Feedback)을 줄일 수 있는 기법을 제안하였다. In this paper, we proposed an enhanced monopulse MIMO radar system for the tactical scenario where the ground receivers are connected wireless backhaul and closely spaced. By applying the <TEX>${\alpha}{\beta}$</TEX> filter to the conventional monopulse MIMO radar, we show that the localization performance can be improved significantly. We also propose an efficient localization algorithm for a system with lower rate feedback. Using numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed scheme can improve the localization performance while reducing the feedback over conventional scheme.
Bacterial Distribution of the Use of Succinyl and Acetyl Blocking Groups in Diaminopimelic Acid Biosynthesis (1970)

The use of acetate, rather than succinate, as a blocking group in diaminopimelate biosynthesis has been found only in species of the genus Bacillus.
Methane oxidation behind reflected shock waves: Ignition delay times measured by pressure and flame band emission (1986)

Ignition delay data were recorded for three methane-oxygen-argon mixtures (phi = 0.5, 1.0, 2.0) for the temperature range 1500 to 1920 K. Quiet pressure trances enabled us to obtain delay times for the start of the experimental pressure rise. These times were in good agreement with those obtained from the flame band emission at 3700 A. The data correlated well with the oxygen and methane dependence of Lifshitz, but showed a much stronger temperature dependence (phi = 0.5 delta E = 51.9, phi = 1.0 delta = 58.8, phi = 2.0 delta E = 58.7 Kcal). The effect of probe location on the delay time measurement was studied. It appears that the probe located 83 mm from the reflecting surface measured delay times which may not be related to the initial temperature and pressure. It was estimated that for a probe located 7 mm from the reflecting surface, the measured delay time would be about 10 microseconds too short, and it was suggested that delay times less than 100 microsecond should not be used. The ignition period was defined as the time interval between start of the experimental pressure rise and 50 percent of the ignition pressure. This time interval was measured for three gas mixtures and found to be similar (40 to 60 micro sec) for phi = 1.0 and 0.5 but much longer (100 to 120) microsecond for phi = 2.0. It was suggested that the ignition period would be very useful to the kinetic modeler in judging the agreement between experimental and calculated delay times.
Sungsanpin, a Lasso Peptide from a Deep-Sea Streptomycete (2013)

Sungsanpin (1), a new 15-amino-acid peptide, was discovered from a Streptomyces species isolated from deep-sea sediment collected off Jeju Island, Korea. The planar structure of 1 was determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and UV spectroscopy. The absolute configurations of the stereocenters in this compound were assigned by derivatizations of the hydrolysate of 1 with Marfey's reagents and 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate, followed by LC-MS analysis. Careful analysis of the ROESY NMR spectrum and three-dimensional structure calculations revealed that sungsanpin possesses the features of a lasso peptide: eight amino acids (-Gly(1)-Phe-Gly-Ser-Lys-Pro-Ile-Asp(8)-) that form a cyclic peptide and seven amino acids (-Ser(9)-Phe-Gly-Leu-Ser-Trp-Leu(15)) that form a tail that loops through the ring. Sungsanpin is thus the first example of a lasso peptide isolated from a marine-derived microorganism. Sungsanpin displayed inhibitory activity in a cell invasion assay with the human lung cancer cell line A549.
Effect of Uterine Distention on the Estrous Cycle of the Gilt (1962)

Experimental distention of uteri by tantalum, vitallium, and plastic cylinders, glass marbles or polyvinyl alcohol sponge in 19 gilts did not modify the length of subsequent estrous cycles. Normal estrous cycles were observed in six sham-operated gilts. These results following uterine distention in the gilt are contrary to those observed by other investigators in the guinea pig, ewe and cow.
Rat Alpha1-Fetoprotein: Appearance After GalactosamineInduced Liver Injury2 (1974)

Journal Article Rat Alpha1-Fetoprotein: Appearance After GalactosamineInduced Liver Injury Get access S. Sell, S. Sell 3Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, Medical School, La Jolla, Calif. 92037. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. Reynolds, D. Reynolds 4Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. 53706. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. Reutter W. Reutter 5Institute of Biochemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 53, Issue 1, July 1974, Pages 289–291, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/53.1.289 Published: 01 July 1974 Article history Received: 05 April 1974 Accepted: 12 April 1974 Published: 01 July 1974