gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feeding barley grain steeped in lactic acid modulates rumen fermentation patterns and increases milk fat content in dairy cows (2009)

The objectives of the present in vivo and in situ trials were to evaluate whether feeding barley grain steeped in lactic acid (LA) would affect rumen fermentation patterns, in situ dry matter (DM) degradation kinetics, and milk production and composition in lactating dairy cows. The in vivo trial involved 8 rumen-fistulated Holstein cows fed once daily a total mixed ration containing rolled barley grain (27% in DM) steeped for 48 h in an equal quantity of tap water (CTR) or in 0.5% LA (TRT) in a 2 x 2 crossover design. The in situ trials consisted of incubation of untreated rolled barley grain in cows fed CTR or TRT diets and of incubation of 3 different substrates including CTR or barley grain steeped in 0.5% or 1.0% LA (TRT1 and TRT2, respectively) up to 72 h in the rumen. Results of the in vivo trial indicated that cows fed the TRT diet had greater rumen pH during most intensive fermentation phases at 10 and 12 h post-feeding. The latter effect was associated with a shorter duration in which rumen pH was below 5.8 for cows fed the TRT diet (2.4 h) compared with CTR diet (3.9 h). Furthermore, cows fed the TRT diet had lower concentrations of volatile fatty acids at 2 and 4 h post-feeding. In addition, concentrations of preprandial volatile fatty acids were lower in the rumen fluid of cows fed the TRT diet. Results also showed that molar proportion of acetate was lower, whereas propionate tended to increase by feeding cows the TRT diet. Cows fed the TRT diet demonstrated greater rumen in situ lag time of substrate DM degradation and a tendency to lower the fractional degradation rate. Other in situ results indicated a quadratic effect of LA on the effective rumen degradability of substrates whereby the latter variable was decreased from CTR to TRT1 but increased for TRT2 substrate. Although the diet did not affect actual milk yield, fat-corrected milk, percentages of milk protein, and lactose and concentration of milk urea nitrogen, cows fed the TRT diet increased milk fat content and tended to increase fat:protein ratio in the milk. In conclusion, results demonstrated that treatment of barley grain with LA lowered the risk of subacute rumen acidosis and maintained high milk fat content in late-lactating Holstein cows fed diets based on barley grain.
Cochlear Implants in Adults (2016)

Older age at testing was associated with poorer recognition of words in difficult sentences, suggesting that cognitive aging may negatively impact CI outcomes. Further studies are needed to examine how a long duration of auditory deprivation affects CI outcomes.
Toxicity of Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid Admixed with Poly-<i>L</i>-Lysine and Solubilized with Carboxymethylcellulose in Mice (1987)

Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I,C)] is a double-stranded RNA that is a potent interferon (IFN) inducer in rodents and, when suitably complexed with poly-L-lysine and carboxymethylcellulose [poly(I,C)-LC], also in primates and humans. In addition, poly(I,C)-LC has shown significant therapeutic activity in a number of preclinical tumor models and significant toxicity in both the preclinical and clinical settings. To better understand the toxicity of this agent, particularly in light of the previously reported bell-shaped dose response curve for immunomodulation and therapeutic activity, we undertook a pharmacological/toxicological study of poly(I,C)-LC. These experiments revealed that the injection of toxic doses of poly(I,C)-LC significantly reduced the body weight of animals and induced serological and histological abnormalities. We found that poly(I,C) is the toxic moiety of poly(I,C)-LC and that both agents induced pulmonary thrombosis as well as hepatic necrosis. The hepatic necrosis was reflected in serum enzyme levels, with significant increases in ornithine carbonyl transferase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels. In addition, reduced platelet counts indicated a significant increase in platelet consumption in agreement with the thrombosis. There were, however, only minor changes in prothrombin and activated prothrombin times. It was of interest that coincubating poly(I,C)-LC and peritoneal macrophages in vitro resulted in the production of tumor necrosis factor, which has a similar pattern of toxicity; this finding suggests that poly(I,C)-LC's pattern of toxicity may be associated with the induction of TNF and/or IFN.
Scanning-Electron Microscopy of Infection of Bean by Species of<i>Sclerotinia</i> (1980)

SUMMARYScanning-electron microscopy was used to follow pathogenesis by Sclerotinia minor and S. sclerotiorum in bean tissue. The process of disease development included formation of infection cushions, mechanical penetration of the host cuticle, development of infection hyphae intercellularly beneath the cuticle and within the host cortex, inter- and intracellular development of ramifying hyphae that differed in size and appearance from infection hyphae, emergence of hyphae through host stomata, and formation of sclerotia on the host surface.
Complexes of functionalised phosphine ligands. Part 1. Complexes of Fe<sup>III</sup>, Co<sup>III</sup>, Ni<sup>II</sup>and Re<sup>V</sup>with tridentate Schiff bases having PNO, NNO and NNS donor sets. Crystal structures of 2-(Ph<sub>2</sub>PC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NCH)C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>OH and [Co{2-(Ph<sub>2</sub>PC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>CHN)C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O}<sub>2</sub>][PF<sub>6</sub>] (1994)

The Schiff bases 2-[Ph2P(CH2)nNCH]C6H4OH (n= 3, HL1 or 2 HL2), 2-(RCHN)C6H3(OH)X-4 (R = 2-Ph2PC6H4, X = H HL3; R = 2-C5H4N, X = H HL4; R = 2-C5H4N, X = Cl HL5) were synthesised from the appropriate amine and aldehyde. On deprotonation these all functioned as tridentate monoanionic ligands to give complexes [FeL2]+ and [CoL2]+ with FeIII and CoIII and neutral complexes of stoichiometry NiL2 with NiII. The iron complexes were examined by Mössbauer spectroscopy which indicated the presence of two iron sites in [FeL12]+ with a spin-state equilibrium dependent on both temperature and the counter ion. The complex [FeL32]+ showed a single iron site, again with a spin state dependent on counter ion and temperature. The crystal structures of HL3 and [CoL32]+ have been determined. The distortions in free HL3 predispose it for co-ordination in a fac geometry to the Co with cis-PPh2 groups, and the changes occurring on co-ordination are discussed in detail. Reaction of RCHO (R = 2-Ph2PC6H4 or 2-C5H4N) with 2-aminobenzenethiol gave stable thiazoles R[graphic omitted]-2 which did not ring open to give tridentate ligands even on reaction with base and/or metal ions.
Enhanced magnetoresistive effect in the arrays of nickel nanorods on silicon substrates (2015)

It is shown that the magnetoresistive properties of n–Si/SiO2/Ni, nanostructures containing nanogranular nickel rods in a SiO2 layer’s vertical pores substantially differ from the similar properties in the earlier studied nanogranular Ni films electrodeposited onto the n–Si plates. From the point of view of the electrophysical properties, the nanostructures studied are analogous to a system of two Schottky Si/Ni diodes, which are connected to each other. The magnetoresistance of such structures has been studied in the temperature range from 2 to 300 K and the magnetic field range of up to 8 Tl. It is established that at temperatures of 17–27 K the structures possess a positive magnetoresistive effect, whose value depends on the transverse voltage applied to the structure and increases with a decrease in the longitudinal (along the rods) current intensity. At a current of 100 nA, the relative magnetoresistance in the field of 8 Tl increases from 500 to 35000% by an increase in the transverse voltage from 0 to–2 V. The observed magnetoresistive effect is associated with the influence of the magnetic field on the processes of impact ionization of impurities resulting in an avalanche breakdown of the Ni/Si Schottky barrier. Thus, the possibility of controlling the magnetoresistive effect in n–Si/SiO2/Ni template structures by applying an additional (transverse) electric field to the nanostructure between the silicon substrate (as the third electrode) and nickel rods is proven.
ChemInform Abstract: LUMINESCENCE OF URANYL IONS IN PHOSPHATE GLASS AND PHOSPHORIC ACID, SPONTANEOUS REDUCTION TO URANIUM(IV) AND NEW DESCRIPTION OF THE ELECTRON TRANSFER BANDS (1978)

Abstract Die Absorptions‐ und Emissionsspektren von UOätIonen in Phosphatglas und in 85proz. H 3 PO 4 ähneln denen in verdünnter wäßriger Lösung, abgesehen von weit hö‐ heren Lumineszenzausbb.
Distribution of Th1, Th2, and Th0 and the Th1/Th2 Cell Ratios in Human Peripheral and Endometrial T Cells (1999)

These data indicate that Th1 cells predominate in the nonpregnant endometrium, especially during the proliferative phase, while Th2 cells predominate in early pregnancy decidua.
LSD1 modulates the non-canonical integrin β3 signaling pathway in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells (2017)

The epigenetic writer lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is aberrantly upregulated in many cancer types and its overexpression correlates with poor survival and tumor progression. In this study, we analysed LSD1 function in non-small cell lung cancer adenocarcinomas. Expression profiling of 182 cases of lung adenocarcinoma proved a significant correlation of LSD1 overexpression with lung adenocarcinoma progression and metastasis. KRAS-mutated lung cancer cell clones were stably silenced for LSD1 expression. RNA-seq and comprehensive pathway analysis revealed, that genes related to a recently described non-canonical integrin β3 pathway, were significantly downregulated by LSD1 silencing. Hence, invasion and self-renewal capabilities were strongly decreased. Notably, this novel defined LSD1/integrin β3 axis, was also detected in human lung adenocarcinoma specimens. Furthermore, the linkage of LSD1 to an altered expression pattern of lung-lineage specific transcription factors and genes, which are involved in alveolar epithelial differentiation, was demonstrated. Thus, our findings point to a LSD1-integrin β3 axis, conferring attributes of invasiveness and tumor progression to lung adenocarcinoma.
Ultra-fast wave-optical computing (2008)

I present a method for optical computing based on white-light interferometry. The problem to be solved is coded by optical path lengths and the superposition of all possible paths that a photon can travel is used for computing the solution. The solution itself is chosen by interference with the reference light. Several gedankenexperiments demonstrate how this method can be used for solving computational hard problems. Especially, I will introduce the basic principle with two maze-type puzzles and then concentrate on how the method can be employed for performing ultra-fast (sub-ps) digital-optical arithmetic with arbitrary precision.
Practical steps to improving the management of type 1 diabetes: recommendations from the Global Partnership for Effective Diabetes Management (2010)

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) led to considerable improvements in the management of type 1 diabetes, with the wider adoption of intensive insulin therapy to reduce the risk of complications. However, a large gap between evidence and practice remains, as recently shown by the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) study, in which 30-year rates of microvascular complications in the 'real world' EDC patients were twice that of DCCT patients who received intensive insulin therapy. This gap may be attributed to the many challenges that patients and practitioners face in the day-to-day management of the disease. These barriers include reaching glycaemic goals, overcoming the reality and fear of hypoglycaemia, and appropriate insulin therapy and dose adjustment. As practitioners, the question remains: how do we help patients with type 1 diabetes manage glycaemia while overcoming barriers? In this article, the Global Partnership for Effective Diabetes Management provides practical recommendations to help improve the care of patients with type 1 diabetes.
TOUGH90: A FORTRAN90 implementation of TOUGH2 (1998)

TOUGH90 is a FORTRAN90 implementation of TOUGH2, and represents a major change in syntax and architecture over TOUGH2, while maintaining full backward compatibility with existing input data files. The main features of TOUGH90 include dynamic memory management, the use of modules, derived types, array operations, matrix manipulation, and new and very powerful intrinsic procedures. These result in a faster, more efficient and compact code, which is conceptually simpler, and significantly easier to modify and upgrade.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Applications of Monofluorinated Cyclopropanes (2013)

Abstract Review: 74 refs.
Depth of penetration of a 785nm wavelength laser in food powders (2015)

Raman spectroscopy is a useful, rapid, and non-destructive method for both qualitative and quantitative evaluation of chemical composition. However it is important to measure the depth of penetration of the laser light to ensure that chemical particles at the very bottom of a sample volume is detected by Raman system. The aim of this study was to investigate the penetration depth of a 785nm laser (maximum power output 400mw) into three different food powders, namely dry milk powder, corn starch, and wheat flour. The food powders were layered in 5 depths between 1 and 5 mm overtop a Petri dish packed with melamine. Melamine was used as the subsurface reference material for measurement because melamine exhibits known and identifiable Raman spectral peaks. Analysis of the sample spectra for characteristics of melamine and characteristics of milk, starch and flour allowed determination of the effective penetration depth of the laser light in the samples. Three laser intensities (100, 200 and 300mw) were used to study the effect of laser intensity to depth of penetration. It was observed that 785nm laser source was able to easily penetrate through every point in all three food samples types at 1mm depth. However, the number of points that the laser could penetrate decreased with increasing depth of the food powder. ANOVA test was carried out to study the significant effect of laser intensity to depth of penetration. It was observed that laser intensity significantly influences the depth of penetration. The outcome of this study will be used in our next phase of study to detect different chemical contaminants in food powders and develop quantitative analysis models for detection of chemical contaminants.
Corneal Toxicity of Intraocular Hyaluronidase (2002)

The purpose of this study was to examine the corneal toxicity of different preparations of intraocular hyaluronidase. SDS-PAGE analysis of bovine testicular hyaluronidase (Wydase) and chromatographically purified hyaluronidase (Sigma) was performed. These two preparations were injected into the anterior chamber of rabbits in amounts ranging from 1.5-150 IU (Wydase) and 1.5-300 IU (Sigma). A third set of rabbit eyes received Wydase vehicle alone or in combination with Sigma hyaluronidase. Treated control eyes were injected with saline. Slit lamp examination and indirect ophthalmoscopy were performed preoperatively and on postoperative days 1 and 7. Light microscopy of the corneas was performed. SDS-PAGE of Wydase revealed numerous protein impurities, while Sigma demonstrated one protein band consistent with mammalian hyaluronidase. Persistent corneal edema, severe anterior chamber fibrin, and endothelial necrosis, were seen in the majority of eyes injected with Wydase in amounts of 50 IU and greater (n = 11). Thirty percent (30%) of the eyes injected with the Sigma preparation (n = 11) had localized corneal opacity similar to 50% of eyes injected with saline (n = 2). Of the rabbit eyes injected with the Wydase vehicle (n = 19), 68% had toxic changes. Intracameral injection of Wydase is toxic to the rabbit cornea in amounts of 50 IU and greater. A chromatographically purified preparation showed only transient local toxicity. Toxicity of Wydase may be due to protein impurities and the thimerosal-containing vehicle.
Les cahiers de la luciole » CE2, CM1 et CM2, Paris : éditions Hatier (2012)

CE2, CM1 et CM2, Paris : éditions Hatier
Synthesis of 3-Azidopropyl-Functionalized GalNAc-β-(1→4)-Gal Natural Disaccharide (2019)

Oligosaccharides such as the GalNAc-β-(1→4)-Gal disaccharide are involved in host-pathogen interactions and their synthesis is a continuing challenge for organic chemists. Only a few reports have discussed the synthesis of functionalized GalNAc-β-(1→4)-Gal for its further conjugation and applications in glycobiology. The synthetic route described here is taking advantage of (1) a simple and affordable GlcNAc donor which is epimerized to the more expensive GalNAc donor and (2) a 1,6-anhydro-galactose acceptor exalting the reactivity at the 4-position of galactose. The allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc) protecting group used at the 2-position of the GalNAc residue was important (1) for a successful epimerization of the GlcNAc residue into the corresponding GalNAc donor but also (2) for the stereoselective β-glycosylation through anchimeric assistance. The key disaccharide intermediate was further transformed to a trichloroacetimidate donor which could then be glycosylated with any alcohol. The example chosen here is the 3-azidopropyl aglycon for the design of multivalent glycoclusters.<br>
Provision of a Panel of Anti-Toxoplasma-Negative Blood Donors (1989)

Toxoplasma gondii has been reported to cause complications only in immunosuppressed patients receiving leucocyte transfusion, when severe acute toxoplasmosis has been reported with associated mortality. At the North London Blood Transfusion Centre (NLBTC) we have screened 392 plasmapheresis donors (using toxoreagent latex agglutination test manufactured by Eiken) to provide a panel of blood donors negative for antibody to toxoplasma for seronegative recipients. A toxoplasma-negative panel of donors would only be required for those rare instances when granulocyte concentrates are indicated for transfusion of seronegative recipients. The toxoreagent test classified the 392 blood donors as 36% positive, 23% weakly reactive and 41% negative; these negative sera were retested with toxoreagent and 17% of them reacted weakly but none were positive. The toxoreagent ‘weakly-reactive’ sera (all of which were Sabin-Feldman dye test negative) can probably best be accounted for by the exacting screening conditions under which we operated to ensure seronegativity in our special donor panel. 40% of the antibody-positive donors were female and 34% male. Seropositivity increased with age.
Peptide deformylase – a promising therapeutic target for tuberculosis and antibacterial drug discovery (2009)

Peptide deformylase is an emerging therapeutic target for the treatment of tuberculosis and peptide deformylase inhibitors can act as potential future antibacterial agents.
Synthesis of ranitidine (Zantac) from cellulose-derived 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (2011)

The biomass-derived platform chemical 5-(chloromethyl)furfural is converted into the blockbuster antiulcer drug ranitidine (Zantac) in four steps with an overall 68% isolated yield.
Further Sunscreen Studies of Aminobenzoic Acid (1972)

Further studies with 5% hydroalcoholic solution of aminobenzoic acid showed the following: (1) A total of 60μl/sq cm usually gave complete protection against 30 minimal erythemal doses (MEDs). (2) Daily application greatly enhanced the amount and duration of protection. (3) The amount of residual protection after ten minutes' water immersion was greatest two hours after application, and practically nil immediately. (4) In immersion tests, 5% aminobenzoic acid was superior to four other brand name sunscreens: Sea & Ski, Pabafilm, Block Out, and Solbar. (5) Hydrating the skin for two hours before application greatly enhanced the residual protection after immersion. (6) Aminobenzoic acid provided some protection against phototoxic reactions induced by crude coal tar and oxypsoralen. Oral phototoxic effects from demeclocycline hydrochloride was prevented.
The diffusion of dissolved silica out of deep-sea sediments (1974)

Cores of marine sediment from the Atlantic Ocean were maintained in seawater in the laboratory for 2 years and showed large sustained release of dissolved silica to the overlying water. The release appeared to be diffusive and seemed to be strongly influenced by the intersitial silica concentrations in the cores. For one core a measured interstitial diffusion coefficient of 3. 3 multiplied by 10** minus **6 cm**2 s** minus **1 at 5 degree C confirmed published estimates of that parameter. Dissolution of silica from solid particles within the core provided much of the silica that diffused out of the sediment. The results give strong support to predictions that diffusion out of the sea floor constitutes an important input of silica to the oceans. Dissolution of deposited biogenic amorphous silica probably is the main source of the flux.
Modeling Host-Microbiome Interactions in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (2017)

The microbiome influences host processes including nutritional availability, development, immunity, and behavioral responses. <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> is a powerful model to study molecular mechanisms of host-microbial interactions. Recent efforts have been made to profile the natural microbiome of <i>C. elegans</i>, laying a foundation for mechanistic studies of host-microbiome interactions in this genetically tractable model system. Studies using single-species microbes, multi-microbial systems, and humanized worm-microbiome interaction studies reveal metabolic and microbial-microbial interactions relevant in higher organisms. This article discusses recent developments in modeling the effects of host-microbiome interactions in <i>C. elegans</i>.
Using multirail networks in high-performance clusters (2001)

Using multiple independent networks (also known as rails) is an emerging technique to overcome bandwidth limitations and enhance fault tolerance of current high-performance clusters. We present an extensive experimental comparison of the behavior of various allocation schemes in terms of bandwidth and latency. We show that striping messages over multiple rails can substantially reduce network latency, depending on average message size, network load, and allocation scheme. The compared methods include a basic round-robin rail allocation, a local-dynamic allocation based on local knowledge, and a dynamic rail allocation that reserves both communication endpoints of a message before sending it. The last method is shown to perform better than the others at higher loads: up to 49% better than local-knowledge allocation and 37% better than the round-robin allocation. This allocation scheme also shows lower latency and it saturates on higher loads (for messages large enough). Most importantly, this proposed allocation scheme scales well with the number of rails and message sizes. In addition we propose a hybrid algorithm that combines the benefits of the local-dynamic for short messages with those of the dynamic algorithm for large messages.