gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Details Behind the Self‐Regeneration of Supported NiCo/Ce<sub>0.8</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Bimetallic Catalyst in the CH<sub>4</sub>–CO<sub>2</sub> Reforming Reaction (2014)

Abstract Ceria zirconia solid solution with a high specific surface area and oxygen storage capacity was used to support NiCo bimetallic nanoparticles and was successfully employed as a catalyst in the methane–CO 2 reforming reaction. During the reforming test with an equimolar CH 4 /CO 2 ratio at 1023 K, an initial catalyst deactivation was observed, which was followed by a slow self‐reactivation. The catalyst reached its initial activity after approximately 400 h TOS with negligible carbon accumulation and H 2 and CO yields of 71 and 85 %, respectively. Catalyst deactivation in the initial 25 h of reaction could be correlated to the oxidation of nanosized NiCo particles by water produced through the reversed water gas shift reaction pathway. With prolonged time on stream, sintering and growth of nanosized NiCo particles occurs, which makes them less susceptible to oxidation and slowly leads to their reduction and reactivation. In parallel, recrystallization of Ce 0.8 Zr 0.2 O 2 support from cubic crystallites to a more irregular polyhedral shape occurs, which improves the oxygen storage capacity of the material and significantly contributes to the catalyst regeneration. The rate of catalyst regeneration mainly depends on the rate of Ce 0.8 Zr 0.2 O 2 support recrystallization, which is driven by sintering, and is consequently much slower than the initial deactivation. Upon increasing the CH 4 /CO 2 feed ratio to 1.5 and 2.33, water yields were significantly reduced and the previously observed catalyst deactivation could be strongly decreased or even completely avoided.
Regulation of differentiation, proliferation and cancer suppressor activity (1993)

This review suggests that carcinogenesis is linked to defects in linkages between cellular differentiation and regulation of cell proliferation. These linkages are discussed in terms of terminal and nonterminal states of differentiation and their relationship to the control of proliferation. The ability of differentiation to regulate proliferation potential proteins and cancer suppressor genes is also discussed, because these mechanisms may be important for cancer prevention and therapy.
The product market in commercial banking: Cluster's last stand? (1985)

Since the 1963 antitrust decision of United States v. Philadelphia National Bank & Trust Co.' the Supreme Court has held that the of banking products is the relevant product market or line of commerce in bank merger litigation. The banking cluster as determined by the Court includes various kinds of credit products as well as services, such as checking accounts and trust administration, that are denoted by the term commercial banking. The significant implication of this approach by the Court is that banks are assumed to compete only with other banks. As a consequence, financial services providers other than banks are excluded from the competitive analysis. In the twenty years following the Philadelphia decision, legislated deregulation and competitive creativity have drastically altered conditions in the marketplace so that legal and economic barriers to entry into banking product and geographic markets have been eliminated or substantially reduced. The net result is that many nonbank providers of financial services offer reasonable substitutes for nearly all of the traditional bank products that constitute the Philadelphia cluster. The validity of the cluster rule should, therefore, be re-examined in the context of the theoretical approach taken by the Court in nonbanking cases under the Sherman Antitrust Act and the Clayton Act,' and in light of the post-1963 evolution of the financial services industry. This analysis leads to the conclusions that the Court established and perpetuated the cluster rule for reasons that seem questionable in the financial environment of the mid-1980s, and that the Philadelphia cluster should be unbundled. A product-based antitrust analysis of bank mergers would be in the mainstream of antitrust analysis generally and would allow for a more informed discussion of competition from nonbank competitors.
ADAPTIVE SEARCH AND THE PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF GAS TURBINE BLADE COOLING SYSTEMS (1997)

This research concerns the integration of Adaptive Search (AS) technique such as the Genetic Algorithms (GA) with knowledge based software to develop a research prototype of an Adaptive Search Manager (ASM). The developed approach allows to utilise both quantitative and qualitative information in engineering design decision making. A Fuzzy Expert System manipulates AS software within the design environment concerning the preliminary design of gas turbine blade cooling systems. Steady state cooling hole geometry models have been developed for the project in collaboration with Rolls Royce plc. The research prototype of ASM uses a hybrid of Adaptive Restricted Tournament Selection (ARTS) and Knowledge Based Hill Climbing (KBHC) to identify multiple "good" design solutions as potential design options. ARTS is a GA technique that is particularly suitable for real world problems having multiple sub-optima. KBHC uses information gathered during the ARTS search as well as information from the designer to perform a deterministic hill climbing. Finally, a local stochastic hill climbing fine tunes the "good" designs. Design solution sensitivity, design variable sensitivities and constraint sensitivities are calculated following Taguchi's methodology, which extracts sensitivity information with a very small number of model evaluations. Each potential design option is then qualitatively evaluated separately for manufacturability, choice of materials and some designer's special preferences using the knowledge of domain experts. In order to guarantee that the qualitative evaluation module can evaluate any design solution from the entire design space with a reasonably small number of rules, a novel knowledge representation technique is developed. The knowledge is first separated in three categories: inter-variable knowledge, intra-variable knowledge and heuristics. Inter-variable knowledge and intra-variable knowledge are then integrated using a concept of compromise. Information about the "good" design solutions is presented to the designer through a designer's interface for decision support.
Fractionation and identification of some biologically active compounds in bleached kraft mill effluents (1987)

La chromatographie en phase gazeuse et la spectrometrie de masse sont employees pour analyser les composants chlores et nonchlores
A Passive Mixer for a Wideband TV Tuner (2011)

This brief presents the design of a direct conversion mixer for a wideband television tuner operating at 48-860 MHz. The mixer consists of a transconductance stage, a passive current switching stage, and a transimpedance amplifier stage. In the switching stage, by adopting an opposite phase auxiliary switching quad configured in parallel with the main switching quad, the unwanted harmonics at the output of the switching stage are suppressed, thereby preventing mixer linearity degradation at low input frequencies. The proposed mixer is implemented in a 0.13-μm CMOS technology, and measurements show more than a 19.5-dB voltage gain, 12-dB noise figure, and 8-dBm IIP3 over the entire operating band of 48-860 MHz while dissipating 4.5 mA from a 1.2-V supply.
Intelligent multi-agent system for intrusion detection and countermeasures (2000)

Intelligent mobile agent systems offer a new approach to implementing intrusion detection systems (IDS). The prototype intrusion detection system, MAIDS, demonstrates the benefits of an agent-based IDS, including distributing the computational effort, reducing the amount of information sent over the network, platform independence, asynchronous operation, and modularity offering ease of updates. Anomaly detection agents use machine learning techniques to detect intrusions; one such agent processes streams of system calls from privileged processes. Misuse detection agents match known problems and correlate events to detect intrusions. Agents report intrusions to other agents and to the system administrator through the graphical user interface (GUI). 
A sound basis has been created for the intrusion detection system. Intrusions have been modeled using the Software Fault Tree Analysis (SFTA) technique; when augmented with constraint nodes describing trust, contextual, and temporal relationships, the SFTA forms a basis for stating the requirements of the intrusion detection system. Colored Petri Nets (CPN) have been created to model the design of the Intrusion Detection System. Algorithmic transformations are used to create CPN templates from augmented SFT and to create implementation templates from CPNs. The implementation maintains the CPN semantics in the distributed agent-based intrusion detection system.
A Configurable FPGA Implementation of the Tanh Function Using DCT Interpolation (2017)

Efficient implementation of non-linear activation functions is essential to the implementation of deep learning models on FPGAs. We introduce such an implementation based on the Discrete Cosine Transform Interpolation Filter (DCTIF). The proposed interpolation architecture combines simple arithmetic operations on the stored samples of the hyperbolic tangent function and on input data. It achieves almost 3× better precision than previous works while using a similar amount computational resources and a small amount of memory. Various combinations of DCTIF parameters can be chosen to trade off the accuracy and the overall circuit complexity of the tanh function. In one case, the proposed architecture approximates the hyperbolic tangent activation function with 0.004 maximum error while requiring only 1.45 kbits BRAM memory and 21 LUTs of a Virtex-7 FPGA.
Experimental study of structural adhesives for a steel-glass connection (2014)

This communication highlights the study of glass-steel interface behaviour where the adhesion is achieved by gluing these two materials. The investigation consists on the experimental study of externally reinforced glass specimens with steel plates, using two adhesive systems with different characteristics. The focus of this experimental study is to analyse the effects of temperature and cyclic loading on the structural response of adhesive system. To do so, all the specimens are submitted to a series of pull-out test that are performed at +23 ºC, +40 ºC, +70 ºC, and also a series of cyclic tensile loading (only at room temperature). The connection behaviour and interface failure mode are evaluated.
Relative temporal constraints in the Rete algorithm for complex event detection (2008)

Complex Event Processing is an important technology for information systems with a broad application space ranging from supply chain management, systems monitoring, and stock market analysis to news services. Its purpose is the identification of event patterns with logical, temporal or causal relationships within multiple occurring events.
DEMS and Single Cell Measurements of a Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (1995)

The adsorption and oxidation of CH3OH were studied in 1 M HClO4 on porous Pt and PtxRUy electrodes by means of Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry (DEMS). The electrodes were made by potentiostatic co-deposition on porous Au substrates. It was found that Pt0.9Ru0.1 shows the highest activity compared to pure Pt. For this composition the complete oxidation to CO2 is favoured in contrast to other compositions which yield more amounts of formic acid. The oxidation of poisoning adsorbate species on Pt0.9Ru0.1 is shifted 0.15 V to negative potentials in comparison to Pt. First results on the oxidation of gaseous CH3OH/H2O mixtures in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell at T = 100 °C are presented. The catalyst loading of gas diffusion electrodes for anode and cathode was 1 mg/cm2. With a Pt0.7Ru0.3 anode catalyst and Pt as cathode catalyst current densities of > 0.1 A/cm2 at 0.4 V were obtained.
Analysis and characterisation of an acylphosphine oxide photoinitiator (2011)

Photoinitiators play a key role in UV-curable systems by generating the reactive species, free radicals, ions or molecule which initiate the polymerisation of the multifunctional monomers and oligomers. \nThis research involves the study of the hydrolytic and photolytic stabilities of two important new photoinitiator bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phenylphosphine oxide (BAPO) and (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)diphenyl-phosphine oxide (TPO).\nBAPO is a new member in the group of well-known Î±-cleavable photoinitiators among which monoacylphosphine oxide (MAPO) is most recognised. These Î±âcleavable photoinitiators are characterised by low volatility and high solubility in acrylate monomers and they are very widely applied as curing agents for white and pigmented coatings including furniture coatings. Novel analytical methods were developed in order to characterise these compounds and to understand their modes of action and breakdown.\nThe stability of BAPO in different solvents, such as acetonitrile and a cyanoacrylate ester, was studied and the effect of storage of BAPO in light and dark conditions was evaluated. The effects of stabilisers (ferrocene, cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) and hydroquinone (HQ)), acids (methyl sulphonic acid (MSA) and boron trifluoride dihydrate (BF3â2H2O)) and water present in the solvent were also investigated. These studies were monitored over time using LC-UV and CE-UV methods.\nMass spectrometry was employed for the first time to investigate the pathways and photodegradation products for both of the photoinitiators BAPO and TPO. NMR spectroscopy and computational studies were used as complementary experimental and theoretical techniques respectively for the elucidation of the photochemistry of these products.\nA formulation study using the photoinitiator and ethyl cyanoacrylate monomer to ascertain the polymerisation products, and possible cure mechanism with the aid of mass spectrometry was also carried out.\n
Review of the weathering and photostability of modified wood (2009)

Abstract Chemical modification of the molecular structure of polymers is a fundamental approach to improving the resistance of materials to photodegradation, but it is seldom employed because other techniques, such as the use of additives (ultraviolet absorbers and antioxidants) can provide adequate levels of protection. Wood is an exception to this rule because the additives that can protect polymers from photodegradation are less effective at photostabilizing wood. Conversely, chemical modification of wood surfaces with chromic acid is remarkably effective at photostabilizing wood, and this led to significant interest in chemical modification as a way of protecting wood from photodegradation. Early research focused on understanding why chemical modification with chromic acid was so effective at photostabilizing wood, and significant effort was directed towards finding effective alternatives to chromic acid. This search was largely unsuccessful and hence attention then shifted to the development of alternative methods of chemically modifying wood to improve its photostability. Research was also performed to examine the extent to which chemical and other modification systems designed to improve dimensional stability and decay resistance could protect wood from weathering. This paper reviews this research and describes the progress made to date to develop modification systems that can block the photodegradation of wood.
Identity of viridans streptococci isolated from cases of infective endocarditis (1993)

The oral streptococci have undergone considerable taxonomic revision in recent years but there is still little information concerning associations between the newly defined species and disease. This study examined the identities of 47 strains of oral streptococci collected from 42 confirmed cases of infective endocarditis. By means of recently described physiological schemes, the most common species identified were Streptococcus sanguis sensu stricto (31.9%), S. oralis (29.8%) and S. gordonii (12.7%). Other related species including S. mitis and "S. parasanguis" were less common. This indicates that attention should be focused on S. sanguis sensu stricto and S. oralis when considering possible pathogenic mechanisms involved in viridans streptococcal endocarditis.
Point Cloud Super Resolution with Adversarial Residual Graph Networks (2020)

Point cloud super-resolution is a fundamental problem for 3D reconstruction and 3D data understanding. It takes a low-resolution (LR) point cloud as input and generates a high-resolution (HR) point cloud with rich details. In this paper, we present a data-driven method for point cloud super-resolution based on graph networks and adversarial losses. The key idea of the proposed network is to exploit the local similarity of point cloud and the analogy between LR input and HR output. For the former, we design a deep network with graph convolution. For the latter, we propose to add residual connections into graph convolution and introduce a skip connection between input and output. The proposed network is trained with a novel loss function, which combines Chamfer Distance (CD) and graph adversarial loss. Such a loss function captures the characteristics of HR point cloud automatically without manual design. We conduct a series of experiments to evaluate our method and validate the superiority over other methods. Results show that the proposed method achieves the state-of-the-art performance and have a good generalization ability to unseen data.
Power Electronic Building Blocks-a systematic approach to power electronics (2002)

Over a period of five years, the US Navy has invested in an array of power electronic technology via the Power Electronic Building Blocks (PEBB) program. This investment is crucial to existing and future Navy ships. This investment is also crucial to the power electronics industry. Throughout the PEBB program, many modern paradigms have been studied for adaptation to power electronics. They are open plug and play architecture, cellular design, hierarchical design, integration, and concurrent engineering. The goal is to make power electronics more amenable to high-volume, low-cost, production. Furthermore, the expertise and complexity of power electronics is to be encapsulated and distributed within each building block. The key issue is the ability to integrate these elements, using high volume manufacturing methods.
Targeting Inflammation in Cardiovascular Diseases. Still a Neglected field? (2011)

Prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis is still a clinical challenge in the cardiovascular medicine. The classical belief that atherosclerotic lesion development solely depends on lipid deposition has been replaced by the current concept that activation of immune and inflammatory responses plays a central role in plaque initiation and progression. In this review we summarize studies on human and genetically modified animals describing a finite number of cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie immunoinflammation in atherosclerotic plaques. We focus on the pro- and antiinflammatory mediators activated during atherogenesis and the intracellular signaling pathways regulating these events. Besides the advances on established pharmacological agents, we propose potential strategies for reduction/stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques based on the clinical data in inflammatory-associated pathologies and on the encouraging studies in experimental models of atherosclerosis. We emphasize the potential of such novel inhibitors comprising receptor antagonists, neutralizing antibodies, kinase inhibitors, peptide-based technologies, and chemicals as emerging antiinflammatory strategies for the treatment of atherosclerotic disease complications.
Blood Rheology, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Cardiovascular Disease: The West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (2000)

The West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS) showed that pravastatin reduced the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) events in 6,595 middle-aged hypercholesterolaemic men aged 45-64 years without prior myocardial infarction followed for an average of 4.9 years. We hypothesised prospectively (a) that baseline levels of haemorheological variables were related to baseline and incident CHD and to mortality; and (b) that reduction in lipoproteins by pravastatin would lower plasma and blood viscosity, a potential contributory mechanism to CHD events. We therefore studied plasma and blood viscosity, fibrinogen, haematocrit, and blood cell counts at baseline and 1 year. At baseline, plasma and blood viscosity were related to risk factors, CHD measures, and claudication. On univariate analysis, baseline levels of all rheological variables (except platelet count) were related to incident CHD; CHD mortality; and total mortality. On multivariate analysis including baseline CHD and risk factors, plasma and blood viscosity, haematocrit and white cell count each remained significantly associated with incident CHD; while fibrinogen remained an independent predictor of mortality (all p < 0.03). After one year, lipoprotein reduction by pravastatin was associated with significant reductions (about one quarter of a standard deviation) in plasma viscosity (mean difference 0.02 mPa.s, p <0.001) and in blood viscosity (mean difference 0.06 mPa.s, p<0.001), but was not associated with significant changes in other rheological variables. We therefore suggest that pravastatin therapy, which reduces elevated lipoproteins in hypercholesterolaemic men, may lower risks of CHD and mortality partly by lowering plasma and blood viscosity. Further studies are required to test this hypothesis.
Calcium antagonists and the kidney. (1996)

Calcium antagonists have evolved as an important class of cardiovascular therapeutic agents. Usefulness in treating hypertension, angina pectoris, and cardiac arrhythmias has been established. Investigations show that calcium antagonists have a role in altering renal functions. They are natriuretic and may benefit salt-sensitive hypertensives. They have been shown to block vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole in the presence of constrictors such as endothelin, thromboxane, norepinephrine, and angiotensin II. These vasoconstrictors may be mediators of nephrotoxins such as radiocontrast agents, and cyclosporine A. Actions of calcium antagonists which are being investigated for potential benefit in ameliorating chronic renal disease include: preventing glomerular hypertrophy, blocking angiotensin II-mediated macromolecule entry into mesangial cells and cytokine release, free-radical scavenger activity, and decreasing calcium deposition within the kidney. Slowing the progression of renal disease with the calcium antagonists has been demonstrated in both short- and long-term trials. Further studies are currently underway.
Designing receptive fields for highest fidelity (1994)

We formulate a basic problem for neural encoding: the stimulus should be accurately represented in the neural responses. We use this criterion to design the optimal receptive fields of a model visual system. Since reconstruction fidelity is an ensemble average over signals and noise, the statistics of natural stimuli play a central role. We compare our results with those of similar studies which apply optimization principles based on information theory.