gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model Predictive Control for real-time operation of a stormwater drainage system (2020)

Stormwater drainage system operators in lowland areas use weather forecast information, tide tables, a hydraulic model and heuristic experiences to balance the water table in the region close to the desired water level setpoints. Water can be discharged using pumps and gravity outflow flap gates, or can be stored in the system if the discharge capacity is limited. In the lower mainland of British Columbia (BC), climate change projections are showing an increasing trend in high-intensity, short-duration rainfall events, and sea level is expected to rise up to 1.0 m by the end of 2100. Given the uncertainties in climate change projections, the challenge is to build more resilient stormwater drainage system whilst reducing the cost of pumping operation or other capacity expansions. Experiences in the Netherlands have shown that algorithmic control of drainage system using model predictive control (MPC) can be a way to link water and energy objectives more cohesively. To maintain water level at the desired water level setpoint, MPC calculates water levels that need to be controlled using rainfall and sea tides forecasts, and computes optimal control actions for pump stations. This thesis aims to gain operational insights into algorithmic control of urban stormwater drainage system in Richmond BC, using a simplified drainage system model. Smart control strategies serving different objectives are explored to reduce pump energy costs while avoiding flood. Furthermore, an application of bottom-up vulnerability assessment under different control strategies aiming to maximize the operational flexibilities, illuminates the vulnerabilities and adaptation capacity of the (modeled) existing stormwater drainage system to plausible scenarios of climate change induced sea level rise, heavy rainstorms, and land-use changes. This provides necessary information to water systems operators and engineers about the smart, real-time control of such a system, and finding ways to combine engineering designs with operational flexibilities for better adapting to future conditions.
Aircraft Wake Vortex Measurement with Airborne Coherent Doppler Lidar (2008)

An experiment for airborne Doppler lidar measurement of wake vortices generated by a large transport aircraft in the free atmosphere has been successfully carried out. In this paper, the description of the experiment, data processing procedure, and measurement results are given. It was shown that the use of smoke generators placed on large transport aircraft wings allows some high-quality wake vortex measurements with 2 μm coherent Doppler lidar installed in a second aircraft.
Antioxidant Capacity in the Lipophilic Fraction of Alzheimer’s Brain Tissues (2007)

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant capacity (AC) in the lipophilic fraction of postmortem motorcortex (MC), nucleus caudatus (NC) and gyrus temporalis (GT) from controls (C) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The initial samples consisted of 50 human brain tissues of AD and C. AC of the different region of human brain were measured by using the fluorescent method of the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Peroxyl and hydroxyl radical generators were used in the analysis. All ORAC analysis were carried out on the Perkin-Elmer spectrofluorometer LS 55 with fluorescent filters, Ex: 485 nm; Em: 520 nm. Final results were calculated using the differences between area under the quenching curve of fluorescein (FL), blank and analyzed biological samples. AC against peroxyl radicals (ORAC-ROO degrees ) of lipophilic fraction in MC of AD was statistically significantly lower in comparison with MC of C (p < 0.008). No changes in the AC against hydroxyl radicals (ORAC- degrees OH) of lipophilic fraction of AD were found in comparison with C. Reduction of total protein in GT of AD (p < 0.03) was found. The results showed that in the MC of AD brain the balance between production of free radicals and the neutralization by a complex antioxidant system is disturbed. The manual fluorescent method for AC measurements proved to be sufficiently appropriate and sensitive for the AC measurements of lipophilic fraction of postmortem brain tissues from different patologic conditions.
[Imbecility of moderate degree in schoolchildren]. (1989)

The data of an experimental psychological investigation and self-service skills acquisition are presented for children with slight imbecility in three age groups: junior, middle and senior school-age. The peculiarities of the course of mental functions are discussed and potential intellectual capacities assessed in terms of the social and labor rehabilitation.
Norepinephrine Modulates Myelopoiesis After Experimental Thermal Injury With Sepsis (2001)

These data suggest that enhanced bone marrow norepinephrine release after burn sepsis may play a role in bone marrow monocytopoiesis, thus contributing to the sustenance of inflammation.
Recent advances in breast cancer imaging. (1999)

Mammography is the best technique currently available for early detection of breast cancer, but it has limitations. Several new techniques are under investigation that may provide valuable complementary images. This article discusses some of the most promising adjuncts to film-screen mammography, including digital mammography, ultrasound of the breast, breast MR, scintimammography and sentinel node lymphoscintigraphy.
Purification, cDNA cloning and expression of 15-oxoprostaglandin 13-reductase from pig lung (1998)

15-Oxoprostaglandin 13-reductase (PGR) has been purified to apparent homogeneity from pig lung. The enzyme was estimated to have a molecular mass of 36 kDa by both SDS/PAGE and non-denaturing PAGE, indicating that the enzyme is a monomer. 15-Oxo-PGE1, 15-oxo-PGE2 and 15-oxo-PGF2α were found to be substrates for the enzyme, whereas the corresponding 15-hydroxyprostaglandins were not. The reverse reaction, the oxidation of 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-PGE1 to 15-oxo-PGE1, was not observed. Either NADH or NADPH could serve as a coenzyme. However, the Vmax with NADH was approx. 3-fold that with NADPH, while the Km for NADPH was approx. one-tenth that for NADH. Cloning of the cDNA was achieved by PCR and library screening. A 600 bp PCR product containing the sequences of three different tryptic peptides derived from purified PGR was used for cDNA library screening by plaque hybridization. A cDNA clone that contained the entire PGR coding sequence of 987 bp was obtained. The sequence codes for a protein of 329 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 35791 Da. Homology analysis indicated that the sequence is virtually identical with that of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) 12-hydroxydehydrogenase [Yokomizo, Ogawa, Uozumi, Kume, Izumi and Shimizu (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 2844-2850]. Expression of this cDNA in Escherichia coli resulted in a protein exhibiting both PGR and LTB4 12-hydroxydehydrogenase activities. However, the specific activity of PGR with 15-oxo-PGE1 as a substrate was approx. 300-fold that of LTB4 12-hydroxydehydrogenase. These results indicate that the cloned cDNA codes for a protein with two different enzyme activities, with 15-oxoprostaglandins as the preferred substrates.
An Efficient Priority-Based Reference Frame Selection Method for Fast Motion Estimation in H.264/AVC (2010)

The H.264/AVC achieves higher coding performance than the previous video coding standards, such as MPEG-2 and MPEG-4. In order to achieve this improved coding performance, H.264 adopts various advanced techniques including multiple reference frame motion estimation (MRF-ME), which requires very heavy encoding complexity in proportion to the number of reference frames. In this letter, we propose an efficient priority-based reference frame selection (PRFS) method to reduce the computational complexity. The PRFS method computes the priorities of all reference frames using spatial and temporal correlation of the reference frame index and motion vectors, and selects candidate reference frames to reduce the number of reference frames for each ME block. Experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the computational complexity of the MRF-ME and achieves similar coding performance to that of previous methods.
Lexical influences on the perception of sarcasm (2007)

Speakers and listeners make use of a variety of pragmatic factors to produce and identify sarcastic statements. It is also possible that lexical factors play a role, although this possibility has not been investigated previously. College students were asked to read excerpts from published works that originally contained the phrase said sarcastically, although the word sarcastically was deleted. The participants rated the characters' statements in these excerpts as more likely to be sarcastic than those from similar excerpts that did not originally contain the word sarcastically. The use of interjections, such as gee or gosh, predicted a significant amount of the variance in the participants' ratings of sarcastic intent. This outcome suggests that sarcastic statements may be more formulaic than previously realized. It also suggests that computer software could be written to recognize such lexical factors, greatly increasing the likelihood that nonliteral intent could be correctly interpreted by such programs, even if they are unable to identify the pragmatic components of nonliteral language.
Recurrent neural network training with feedforward complexity (1994)

This paper presents a training method that is of no more than feedforward complexity for fully recurrent networks. The method is not approximate, but rather depends on an exact transformation that reveals an embedded feedforward structure in every recurrent network. It turns out that given any unambiguous training data set, such as samples of the state variables and their derivatives, we need only to train this embedded feedforward structure. The necessary recurrent network parameters are then obtained by an inverse transformation that consists only of linear operators. As an example of modeling a representative nonlinear dynamical system, the method is applied to learn Bessel's differential equation, thereby generating Bessel functions within, as well as outside the training set.
Interferon gamma plays a critical role in induced cell death of effector T cell: a possible third mechanism of self-tolerance. (1990)

We have used anti-T cell monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as mimic ligands to study the effects of T cell receptor (TCR) ligation of cloned T helper type 1 cells in the presence or absence of accessory cells. Our results demonstrate that ligation of the TCR in the absence of accessory cells rapidly induces cell death. Cell death can be prevented by addition of spleen adherent cells, leading to strong clonal expansion. Induced cell death is inhibited by cyclosporin A and by anti-interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), and is restored by adding exogenous recombinant IFN-gamma to cyclosporin A-treated cells. These results demonstrate that IFN-gamma plays a critical role in cell death induced by anti-TCR mAbs in the absence of costimulatory cells. We propose that induced cell death of active effector T cells provides a third mechanism of tolerance in addition to intrathymic deletion of developing autoreactive T cells and peripheral inactivation of mature, naive T cells.
FePt Nanoparticles Assembled on Graphene as Enhanced Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2012)

Seven-nanometer FePt nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and assembled on graphene (G) by a solution-phase self-assembly method. These G/FePt NPs were a more active and durable catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in 0.1 M HClO(4) than the same NPs or commercial Pt NPs deposited on conventional carbon support. The G/FePt NPs annealed at 100 °C for 1 h under Ar + 5% H(2) exhibited specific ORR activities of 1.6 mA/cm(2) at 0.512 V and 0.616 mA/cm(2) at 0.557 V (vs Ag/AgCl). As a comparison, the commercial Pt NPs (2-3 nm) had specific activities of 0.271 and 0.07 mA/cm(2) at the same potentials. The G/FePt NPs were also much more stable in the ORR condition and showed nearly no activity change after 10 000 potential sweeps. The work demonstrates that G is indeed a promising support to improve NP activity and durability for practical catalytic applications.
Design and implementation of an SMS based home security system (2015)

The project presents a versatile security and alarm system which can be used by individuals, corporations and establishments which require a cheap but reliable security system. The idea behind this project is to provide its users with a simple, fast and reliable way to get help during emergency situations. The device can be placed at any remote location which can be easily accessed by the user. It uses a microcontroller for system control, GSM technology for communication and sends SMS containing the emergency message and the GPS location of the sender. The project consists of an 8-bit microcontroller ATmega16, GSM SIM900A module and two Android applications for user interface with the hardware. One of the application configures the device. On pressing the panic button, the emergency contact receives the emergency message along with the GPS location of the sender. The device has been made for less than 1300INR and it can be used anywhere irrespective of the place of deployment provided mobile network connectivity is available.
On matching properties and process factors for submicrometer CMOS (2002)

Matching property of a 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS process is investigated. Short channel effect in matching is studied by incorporating source and drain parasitic resistance, which contributes significantly to high-gate-bias mismatch. In characterizing matching statistics, it is found that long-spacing mismatch, due to process gradients, differs considerably from short-spacing mismatch. Threshold voltage mismatch is proportional to (WL)/sup -0.75/ due to local edge variations. In addition, a n/sup 0.5/-law model is developed to model the stripe-layout mismatch.
Activated Carbons from Spanish Coals. 2. Chemical Activation (1996)

Activated carbons from Spanish coals have been prepared by chemical activation with alkali and alkaline-earth hydroxides. The paper analyzes the following aspects: presence of water during pyrolysis, extension of the impregnation and drying processes, activating agent, temperature and time of pyrolysis, activating agent/coal ratio, coal rank, and mineral matter content. KOH and NaOH activation provides very successful results in which N2 apparent surface areas of 2500 m2/g are obtained; contrarily, Ca(OH)2 produces a small porosity development. A pyrolysis temperature of 700 °C yields activated carbons with a wider pore size distribution than those prepared at 500 °C. The pyrolysis time does not affect the microporosity development but an important reduction in the ash content is observed when the time is increased. The use of an activating agent/coal ratio of 2/1 compared to 1/1 has favorable effects: (i) a decrease in the ash content and (ii) a wider pore size distribution. The addition of a drying step before pyrolysis greatly increases the nitrogen surface area and decreases the ash content. Porosity development depends on the coal rank. Low rank coals yield activated carbons with wider pore size distributions. The chemical activation process presents the great advantage, compared to physical activation, of removing the inherent mineral matter of the coal. Activated carbons obtained by chemical activation exhibit much lower ash content than the corresponding original coals. Ash reduction, depending on the coal used, could be very noticeable; the highest reduction observed corresponds to coal UA10 (11.3% ash) that, after NaOH activation, results in an activated carbon with only 0.5% ash content.
Determination of TGFβ1 protein level in human primary breast cancers and its relationship with survival (2006)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta)1 is thought to be implicated in breast cancer progression. However, data about the influence of TGFbeta1 on breast cancer development are conflicting. To clarify the clinical relevance of TGFbeta1, TGFbeta1 protein level has been measured by enzyme-immunoassay in 193 breast tumour samples. We found that 94.3% of patients expressed TGFbeta1 with a range of 0-684 pg mg(-1) protein. In the overall population, an increase of tumoral TGFbeta1 was observed in premenopausal patients when compared to postmenopausal subgroup (P=0.0006). When patients were subdivided according to nodal status, TGFbeta1 was correlated to type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor in the node-negative subgroup (P=0.040). Multivariate analysis revealed that, after lymph node status (P=0.0002) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (P=0.004), TGFbeta1 was an independent prognostic marker for DFS (P=0.005) in the overall population. In the node-negative population, TGFbeta1 was the prominent prognostic factor (P=0.010). In the same population, Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that high TGFbeta1 level was correlated with a shorter disease-free survival (P=0.020). These data suggest that the measurement of tumoral TGFbeta1 protein level, especially for node-negative patients, might help to identify a high-risk population early in tumour progression.
Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Ectoparasiticide Activity of Experimental Benzimidazole-Carbamate with Permethrin and Amitraz (2005)

A series of in vitro and in vivo bioassays were conducted to assess the ectoparasiticide activity of isopropyl-4-nitro-2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1-benzimidazole-carbamate, an experimental benzimidazole-carbamate class compound. This compound was less potent than permethrin against ectoparasiticide-susceptible larvae of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae); larvae of the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini); and adult stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) in vitro, but it was significantly more potent than permethrin against the Santa Luiza strain of B. microplus known to possess high-level resistance to amitraz and pyrethroids. In contrast, the benzimidazole-carbamate was substantially more efficacious than permethrin when applied topically onto rats that were infested with A. americanum nymphs. These results suggest that this experimental compound may be a viable candidate ectoparasiticide that retains significant activity against resistant B. microplus and also suggests that the benzimidazole-carbamate chemistry may be useful for addressing the growing problem of resistance in ectoparasites.
Ferrugem da soja: Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow. (2002)

Safras 200/01 - 2001/02; Sintoma; Modo de disseminacao; Efeito da ferrugem; Medidas de controle.
Speckle Suppression And Analysis For Synthetic Aperture Radar Images (1986)

Speckle appearing in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is generated by coherent interference of radar echoes from target scatters. Basically, speckle noise has the nature of a multiplicative noise. In this paper procedures for defining and verifying a statistical noise model are developed, and two multiplicative noise-smoothing algorithms are pre-sented. These two algorithms are computationally efficient and have the potential of achieving real-time or near-real-time processing. Several SEASAT SAR and SIR-B (Shuttle Imaging Radar) images are used for illustration.
Anderson transitions (2008)

The physics of Anderson transitions between localized and metallic phases in disordered systems is reviewed. The term ``Anderson transition'' is understood in a broad sense, including both metal-insulator transitions and quantum-Hall-type transitions between phases with localized states. The emphasis is put on recent developments, which include multifractality of critical wave functions, criticality in the power-law random banded matrix model, symmetry classification of disordered electronic systems, mechanisms of criticality in quasi-one-dimensional and two-dimensional systems and survey of corresponding critical theories, network models, and random Dirac Hamiltonians. Analytical approaches are complemented by advanced numerical simulations.
Developing Global Strategies for Service Businesses (1996)

This article provides a framework for developing global strategies for service businesses. It integrates existing, separate frameworks on globalization and on service businesses, analyzes how the distinctive characteristics of service businesses affect globalization and the use of global strategy, and diagnoses which aspects favor globalization and which do not. It then applies the new framework to numerous industry and company examples, with particular emphasis on the role of information technology.
Concordance between whole‐exome sequencing and clinical Sanger sequencing: implications for patient care (2016)

The clinical translation of next-generation sequencing has created a paradigm shift in the diagnostic assessment of individuals with suspected rare genetic diseases. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) simultaneously examines the majority of the coding portion of the genome and is rapidly becoming accepted as an efficient alternative to clinical Sanger sequencing for diagnosing genetically heterogeneous disorders. Among reports of the clinical and diagnostic utility of WES, few studies to date have directly compared its concordance to Sanger sequencing, which is considered the clinical "gold standard". We performed a direct comparison of 391 coding and noncoding polymorphisms and variants of unknown significance identified by clinical Sanger sequencing to the WES results of 26 patients. Of the 150 well-covered coding variants identified by Sanger sequencing, 146 (97.3%) were also reported by WES. Nine genes were excluded from the comparison due to consistently low coverage in WES, which might be attributed to the use of older exome capture kits. We performed confirmatory Sanger sequencing of discordant variants; including five variants with discordant bases and four with discordant zygosity. Confirmatory Sanger sequencing supported the original Sanger report for three of the five discordant bases, one was shown to be a false positive supporting the WES data, and one result differed from both the Sanger and WES data. Two of the discordant zygosity results supported Sanger and the other two supported WES data. We report high concordance for well-covered coding variants, supporting the use of WES as a screening tool for heterogeneous disorders, and recommend the use of supplementary Sanger sequencing for poorly-covered genes when the clinical suspicion is high. Importantly, despite remaining difficulties with achieving complete coverage of the whole exome, 10 (38.5%) of the 26 compared patients were diagnosed through WES.
Gamma-ray bursters at cosmological distances (1986)

It is proposed that some, perhaps most, gamma-ray bursters are at cosmological distances, like quasars, with a redshift of about 1 or 2. This proposition requires a release of supernova-like energy of about 10 to the 51st ergs within less than 1 s, making gamma-ray bursters the brightest objects known in the universe, many orders of magnitude brighter than any quasars. This power must drive a highly relativistic outflow of electron-positron plasma and radiation from the source. It is proposed that three gamma-ray bursts, all with identical spectra, detected from B1900 + 14 by Mazets, Golenetskii, and Gur'yan and reported in 1979, were all due to a single event multiply imaged by a gravitational lens. The time intervals between the successive bursts, 10 hr to 3 days, were due to differences in the light travel time for different images.