gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
248 DISTRIBUTION OF OVULATION-INDUCING FACTOR IN MALE REPRODUCTIVE TISSUES OF LLAMAS (2012)

We have recently reported that the ovulation-inducing factor (OIF) in seminal plasma is the well-conserved neurotrophin, nerve growth factor. This protein has been identified in the ejaculates of a variety of species using both in vivo and in vitro bioassays. The role of OIF in the ejaculate is evident in camelids. Irrespective of whether a male is intact or vasectomised, ejaculation of this protein during copulation stimulates an increase in circulating LH in the female, which subsequently leads to ovulation. The purpose for OIF in species that are spontaneous ovulators, however, remains unclear. We hypothesise that OIF production is restricted to the secretory epithelium of accessory glands of the male, specifically the prostate gland, because of its conservation among mammals. The objective of the present study was to determine the sites of OIF secretion in the llama that contribute to high concentrations found in the ejaculate. The mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis layers of the reproductive organs (testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, and penis) and accessory sex glands (ampulla, prostate gland, and bulbourethral gland) from mature male llamas (n = 2) were probed with polyclonal rabbit anti-nerve growth factor. The secondary antibody used was horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat-anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G. The distribution and intensity of OIF-secreting cells were identified and compared among tissues using a four-point scale. The quantity of OIF detected was highest in mucosal prostatic cells. The protein was strongly localised in the apical region of epithelial cells and frequently found within the glandular lumen. The seromucus-secreting epithelium of ampullary glands showed no reaction to OIF, whereas the bulbourethral gland epithelium showed an intermediate response. The presence of OIF was not detected in the epithelium of the penile urethra, epididymis (caput, corpus, or cauda), or seminiferous tubules. A diffuse distribution of the protein was, however, detected in the stroma of the testes, epididymides, and accessory glands. We conclude that cells that secrete OIF are distributed unequally among accessory sex glands in llamas. The bulk of OIF is produced by the prostate gland, with minimal to no contributions by the bulbourethral and ampullary glands. Future studies involve species comparisons and relating the size of the prostate gland to the concentration of OIF within an ejaculate. Research supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
Coal Flotation with Nonionic Surfactants (1995)

Abstract The flotation response of two high-sulfur coals to a variety of collectors was studied in detail using a 2-liter Denver flotation cell. In comparison with dodecane as the standard oily collector, the introduction of a benzene ring into the oily collector can significantly improve its collecting ability for coal. In our two series of compounds containing oxygenated functional groups, it was necessary to incorporate a benzene ring in the molecular structure in order to have an effective collector without die use of dodecane. The results showed that a much lower dosage of these nonionic surfactants was required to achieve the same coal recovery as compared with dodecane. Most important was the performance of these compounds as promoters for oxidized as well as unoxidized coal. Mechanisms of interaction of these compounds with coal are suggested
The ubiquitin proteasome system and myocardial ischemia (2012)

The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) has been the subject of intensive research over the past 20 years to define its role in normal physiology and in pathophysiology. Many of these studies have focused in on the cardiovascular system and have determined that the UPS becomes dysfunctional in several pathologies such as familial and idiopathic cardiomyopathies, atherosclerosis, and myocardial ischemia. This review presents a synopsis of the literature as it relates to the role of the UPS in myocardial ischemia. Studies have shown that the UPS is dysfunctional during myocardial ischemia, and recent studies have shed some light on possible mechanisms. Other studies have defined a role for the UPS in ischemic preconditioning which is best associated with myocardial ischemia and is thus presented here. Very recent studies have started to define roles for specific proteasome subunits and components of the ubiquitination machinery in various aspects of myocardial ischemia. Lastly, despite the evidence linking myocardial ischemia and proteasome dysfunction, there are continuing suggestions that proteasome inhibitors may be useful to mitigate ischemic injury. This review presents the rationale behind this and discusses both supportive and nonsupportive studies and presents possible future directions that may help in clarifying this controversy.
Mutations produced by DNA polymerase III holoenzyme of <i>Escherichia coli</i> after <i>in vitro</i> synthesis in the absence of single‐strand binding protein (1990)

Single-stranded plasmid DNA, containing the mnt gene, was replicated in vitro with DNA polymerase III holoenzyme. Escherichia coli mutH bacteria, defective in mismatch repair, were transformed with the products of in vitro synthesis. Mutations in mnt were readily identified and 33 out of 65 isolates were single base changes including transition, transversion and frameshift mutations. The remaining 32 isolates were deletions of apparently random length and substitutions (deletion/insertions). The intergenic deletions as well as the transition and frameshift mutations were identical to those previously isolated from mismatch repair-defective cells in vivo.
Chromatographic resolution of insulin receptor from insulin-sensitive D-glucose transporter of adipocyte plasma membranes (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChromatographic resolution of insulin receptor from insulin-sensitive D-glucose transporter of adipocyte plasma membranesChristin Carter-Su, Paul F. Pilch, and Michael P. CzechCite this: Biochemistry 1981, 20, 1, 216–221Publication Date (Print):January 6, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 6 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00504a036https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00504a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views21Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adjuvant chemotherapy for soft tissue sarcoma (2005)

Overall, adjuvant chemotherapy may give some benefit in soft tissue sarcoma. If any, it is likely to be of limited degree, confined to the highest-risk patients, and requiring a fully active chemotherapy regimen. This was mainly shown for extremity soft tissue sarcoma but may also apply to other primary sites. The value of molecular-targeted therapy as an adjuvant for high-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients is a different subject awaiting long-term results of ongoing trials.
Elevated Plasma Viral Loads in Romidepsin-Treated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Macaques on Suppressive Combination Antiretroviral Therapy (2015)

Replication-competent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) persists in infected people despite suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), and it represents a major obstacle to HIV functional cure or eradication. We have developed a model of cART-mediated viral suppression in simian human immunodeficiency virus (SIV) mac239-infected Indian rhesus macaques and evaluated the impact of the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) romidepsin (RMD) on viremia in vivo. Eight macaques virologically suppressed to clinically relevant levels (<30 viral RNA copies/ml of plasma), using a three-class five-drug cART regimen, received multiple intravenous infusions of either RMD (n = 5) or saline (n = 3) starting 31 to 54 weeks after cART initiation. In vivo RMD treatment resulted in significant transient increases in acetylated histone levels in CD4(+) T cells. RMD-treated animals demonstrated plasma viral load measurements for each 2-week treatment cycle that were significantly higher than those in saline control-treated animals during periods of treatment, suggestive of RMD-induced viral reactivation. However, plasma virus rebound was indistinguishable between RMD-treated and control-treated animals for a subset of animals released from cART. These findings suggest that HDACi drugs, such as RMD, can reactivate residual virus in the presence of suppressive antiviral therapy and may be a valuable component of a comprehensive HIV functional cure/eradication strategy.
Spectral evaluation of a sealed helium discharge lamp for studies in photoelectron spectroscopy (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectral evaluation of a sealed helium discharge lamp for studies in photoelectron spectroscopyJames A. Kinsinger, William L. Stebbings, Richard A. Valenzi, and James W. TaylorCite this: Anal. Chem. 1972, 44, 4, 773–777Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60312a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60312a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views433Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transition rules of pollutant elements in a new near zero emission coal utilization system (2007)

Transition rules of typical pollutant elements in coal under various gasification pressures and temperatures in the gasifier were investigated by means of thermodynamic equilibrium calculation software FactSage 5.2 according to a new near zero emission coal utilization system with combined gasification and combustion.Furthermore,with decreasing of coal gas temperature,the transitions of chemical morphology and physical phase of the pollutant elements which transferred to coal gas were studied.Meanwhile,the final thermodynamic forms of solid compounds containing pollutant elements which transferred to the O2/CO2 atmosphere of combustor through material circulating process were confirmed.The results provide instructions on restraining pollutant formation and emission controlling for this new near zero emission coal utilization system,and it is helpful for realizing zero emission in other coal utilization systems.
Calibration of CCD-based redox imaging for biological tissues (2009)

Clinically-translatable redox imaging methods developed in the Chance laboratory have been used for imaging mitochondrial metabolic states in tissues. The fluorescence of reduced pyridine nucleotide (PN or NADH) and oxidized flavoproteins (Fp) in the respiratory chain is sensitive to intracellular redox states. The redox ratios, i.e., Fp/(Fp+NADH) and NADH/(Fp+NADH) provide important metabolic information in living tissues. Usually the higher the metabolic flux, the less NADH, the more oxidized Fp, and the higher Fp redox ratio. Snap-freezing tissue samples under the liquid nitrogen condition preserves the tissue metabolic state in vivo. Here we report our work on the calibration of a homebuilt Charged Coupled Device (CCD) cryogenic redox imager using a series of snap-frozen solution standards of NADH and Fp. The NADH concentration ranged from 0-1318 μM and Fp from 0-719 μM. The sensitivity ratio of NADH and Fp channels was determined from the slope ratio of the two calibration curves and was used to correct the redox ratio of a human melanoma mouse xenograft. The NADH and Fp reference standards were placed adjacent to the tissue samples and their emission intensities were used to quantitatively determine the concentrations of NADH and Fp in a mouse xenograft of a human breast cancer line. Our method of imaging tissue samples along with reference NADH and Fp standards should facilitate the comparison of redox images obtained at different times or with different instrument parameters.
X-ray optical activity: Applications of sum rules (2003)

Edge-selective sum rules are proposed for a variety of X-ray dichroisms related to natural or nonreciprocal optical activity. Four spherical operators are identified that mix orbitals of different parities in what is assumed to be the ground state. The orbital anapole moment Ω (1) is primarily responsible for the magnetochiral dichroism; the time-even rank-2 tensor N (2)=[L, Ω](2) for natural circular dichroism; the time-odd rank-2 tensor W (2)=[L, n](2) for nonreciprocal magnetic linear dichroisms. At higher orders, the time-odd rank-3 tensor Γ (3)=[L, L, Ω](3) can also contribute to all nonreciprocal dichroisms. The physical content of these operators is analyzed. For every magnetoelectric group, one can predict which dichroic effect can be measured with either a single crystal or a powdered sample. Experimental spectra are produced to illustrate the value of the sum rules and the practical conditions of their application. Regarding nonreciprocal activity, one should be cautious about discussing magnetic symmetry because the deep core hole can couple the true ground state with low-lying excited states.
Visual data representation using context-aware samples (2005)

The rapid growth in the complexity of geometry models has necessisated revision of several conventional techniques in computer graphics. At the heart of this trend is the representation of geometry with locally constant approximations using independent sample primitives. This generally leads to a higher sampling rate and thus a high cost of representation, transmission, and rendering. We advocate an alternate approach involving context-aware samples that capture the local variation of the geometry. We detail two approaches; one, based on differential geometry and the other based on statistics. Our differential-geometry-based approach captures the context of the local geometry using an estimation of the local Taylor's series expansion. We render such samples using programmable Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) by fast approximation of the geometry in the screen space. The benefits of this representation can also be seen in other applications such as simulation of light transport. In our statistics-based approach we capture the context of the local geometry using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). This allows us to achieve hierarchical detail by modeling the geometry in a non-deterministic fashion as a hierarchical probability distribution. We approximate the geometry and its attributes using quasi-random sampling. Our results show a significant rendering speedup and savings in the geometric bandwidth when compared to current approaches.
Kibdelomycin Is a Potent and Selective Agent against Toxigenic Clostridium difficile (2014)

Clostridium difficile is the causative agent of C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD), with increased risk in elderly populations. Kibdelomycin, a novel natural-product inhibitor of type II topoisomerase enzymes, was evaluated for activity against C. difficile and gastrointestinal anaerobic organisms. Toxigenic C. difficile isolates (n=168) from U.S. hospitals and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (n=598) from Chicago-area hospitals were tested. Kibdelomycin showed potent activity against toxigenic C. difficile (MIC90=0.25 μg/ml) and most Gram-positive aerobic organisms but had little activity against Bacteroides species (MIC50>32 μg/ml; n=270). Potent anti-C. difficile activity was also observed in the hamster model of C. difficile colitis. Dosing at 1.6 mg/kg (twice-daily oral dose) resulted in protection from a lethal infection and a 2-log reduction in C. difficile cecal counts. A 6.25-mg/kg twice-daily oral dose completely eliminated detectable C. difficile counts in cecal contents. A single 6.25-mg/kg oral dose showed that cecal contents were exposed to the drug at >2 μM (eightfold higher than the MIC), with no significant plasma exposure. These findings support further exploration of kibdelomycin for development of an anti-C. difficile agent.
Minimum Property in the Hulthén-Type Variational Methods (1960)

The nature of the extremum of the phase shift in the variation principles, which are all based on the Schrödinger differential equation directly, is investigated in detail. If the system has no bound state, the scattering length determined by the original Hulthén method (5, 29) is proved to have the minimum character. The minimum nature is maintained even for the system which has several bound states, if the trial function is taken to be orthogonal to the bound state wave functions. The Kohn method and the second Hulthén method (15) give neither an upper bound nor a lower bound for the phase shift in general. The sufficient condition is, however, obtained for each case, under which the stationary expression for the scattering length has the minimum character. The condition does not hold true for the electron-hydrogen atom scattering for the Kohn method and for the second Hulthén method. It is pointed out that a comparison of approximate values obtained by different methods using the same trial function does not afford any information about the ``proper source of errors'' of the results.
Circulating and tissue-bound immune complexes in allergic vasculitis: relationship between immunoglobulin class and clinical features. (1980)

Sixty-two patients with allergic vasculitis and histological evidence of leukocytoclastic vasculitis were examined to determine whether clinical features, such as course and degree of systemic involvement, could be related to the class of the immunoglobulins in immune complexes (IC) in both the circulation and the vessel wall. Circulating IC were detected with the 125I-C1q-binding assay (C1q-BA), an anti-IgA inhibition binding assay (a-IgA-Inh BA) and the conglutinin-binding assay (Con-BA). Stabilized heat-aggregated IgG, IgA and IgM were used to determine the immunoglobulin class specificity of these assays. With the C1q-BA only aggregated IgG were detected, with the a-IgA-Inh Ba only aggregates containing IgA. With the Con-BA IgG, IgA or IgM in reactive aggregates were identified with class-specific antibodies. For patients with acute cutaneous vasculitis all assays were negative. The a-IgA-Inh BA was frequently positive in sera of patients with chronic cutaneous and acute systemic vasculitis; in the latter group conglutinin-binding IC of the IgG, IgA and IgM class were also detected. Levels in the C1q-BA were high for patients with chronic systemic vasculitis. Comparison of the results of the IC assays with the immunofluorescence studies of the cutaneous vessel walls of the same patients showed agreement between the results of the C1q-BA and deposition of IgG and the results of the a-IgA-Inh BA and IgA deposition. The class of immunoglobulin in conglutinin-binding IC did not correspond as well with the immunoglobulins in vessel walls. This study shows that certain clinical features of allergic vasculitis are related to the composition of the IC in the circulation and in the vessel wall.
Mutations within the hMLH1 and hPMS2 Subunits of the Human MutLα Mismatch Repair Factor Affect Its ATPase Activity, but Not Its Ability to Interact with hMutSα (2002)

The MutL family of mismatch repair proteins belongs to the GHKL class of ATPases, which contains also type II topoisomerases, HSP90, and histidine kinases. The nucleotide binding domains of these polypeptides are highly conserved, but this similarity has failed to help us understand the biological role of the ATPase activity of the MutL proteins in mismatch repair. hMutLalpha is a heterodimer of the human MutL homologues hMLH1 and hPMS2, and we decided to exploit its asymmetry to study this function. We now show that although the two subunits contribute differently to the ATPase activity of the heterodimer, hMutLalpha variants in which one subunit was able to bind but not hydrolyze ATP displayed similarly reduced mismatch repair activities in vitro. In contrast, variants in which either subunit was unable to bind the nucleotide were inactive. Mutation of the catalytic sites of both subunits abolished repair without altering the ability of these peptides to interact with one another. Since the binding of the nucleotide in hMutLalpha was not required for the formation of ternary complexes with the mismatch recognition factor hMutSalpha bound to a heteroduplex substrate, we propose that the ATPase activity of hMutLalpha is required downstream from this process.
The cytoplasmic adaptor protein X11α and extracellular matrix protein Reelin regulate ApoE receptor 2 trafficking and cell movement (2009)

The goal of this study was to determine the effect of X11alpha on ApoE receptor 2 (ApoEr2) trafficking and the functional significance of this interaction on cell movement in MCF 10A epithelial cells. We found that X11alpha increased surface levels of ApoEr2 by 64% compared to vector control, as determined by surface protein biotinylation. To examine the functional significance of this effect, we tested whether ApoEr2 played a novel role in cell movement in a wound-healing assay. We found that overexpression of ApoEr2 in MCF 10A cells increased cell migration velocity by 87% (P<0.01, n=4) compared to GFP control. Cotransfection of X11alpha had an additive effect on average velocity compared to ApoEr2 alone (13%; P<0.05, n=4). In addition, we tested whether ApoEr2 ligands altered the effect of ApoEr2 on cell movement. We found that treatment with concentrated medium containing the extracellular matrix protein Reelin, but not control medium, further increased the velocity of ApoEr2- but not APP-transfected cells (20%; P<0.001, n=4). Similarly, Reelin treatment increased cell velocity in the presence of ApoEr2 and X11alpha (10%; P<0.05, n=4). In the present study, we are the first to demonstrate that ApoEr2 regulates cell movement, and both X11alpha and Reelin enhance this effect.