gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human hair follicle pigmentary unit as a direct target for modulators of melanogenesis, as studied by [<sup>14</sup>C]‐2‐Thiouracil incorporation (2009)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate human hair follicle melanogenic activity using the [14C]-2-thiouracil, which was known to incorporate into nascent melanins. Results obtained on pigmented, grey and non-pigmented hair follicles demonstrated that [(14)C]-2-TU incorporation was restricted to the melanogenic compartment with a strong accumulation located around dermal papilla and within the fibre of pigmented hair follicles. Quantitative analysis of [(14)C]-2-TU incorporation showed a significant increase in pigmented hair follicles upon stimulation with 1 microm forskolin concomitant to an increase in tyrosinase levels. A strong significant decrease in [14C]-2-TU incorporation was noted, when hair follicles were incubated with the tyrosinase competitive inhibitor kojic acid (200 microm). Incubation with the MC1-R agonist alpha-MSH (0.2 microm) did not induce a significant stimulation of hair melanogenesis. The present model could thus represent a useful new tool to identify modulators of human hair pigmentation.
Effects of Osmotic Force and Torque on Microtubule Bundling and Pattern Formation (2008)

We report effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG, molecular weight of $35\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kDa}$) on microtubule (MT) bundling and pattern formation. Without PEG, polymerizing tubulin solutions of a few mg/ml that are initially subjected to a field that aligns MTs can spontaneously form striated birefringence patterns. These patterns form through MT alignment, bundling, and coordinated bundle buckling. With increasing PEG concentrations, solutions form progressively weaker patterns. At a sufficiently high PEG concentration ($\ensuremath{\sim}0.5%$ by weight), the samples maintain a nearly uniform birefringence (i.e., no pattern) and laterally contract at a later stage. Concomitantly, on a microscopic level, the network of dispersed MTs that accompany the bundles in pure solutions disappear and the bundles become more distinct. We attribute the weakening of the pattern to the loss of the dispersed MT network, which is required to mediate the coordination of bundle buckling. We propose that the loss of the dispersed network and the enhanced bundling result from PEG associated osmotic forces that drive MTs together and osmotic torques that facilitate their bundling. Similarly, we attribute the lateral contraction of the samples to osmotic torques that tend to align crossing bundles in the network.
Genome‐wide transcription analysis of <i>Escherichia coli</i> in response to extremely low‐frequency magnetic fields (2012)

The widespread use of electricity raises the question of whether or not 50 Hz (power line frequency in Europe) magnetic fields (MFs) affect organisms. We investigated the transcription of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 in response to extremely low-frequency (ELF) MFs. Fields generated by three signal types (sinusoidal continuous, sinusoidal intermittent, and power line intermittent; all at 50 Hz, 1 mT) were applied and gene expression was monitored at the transcript level using an Affymetrix whole-genome microarray. Bacterial cells were grown continuously in a chemostat (dilution rate D = 0.4 h(-1)) fed with glucose-limited minimal medium and exposed to 50 Hz MFs with a homogenous flux density of 1 mT. For all three types of MFs investigated, neither bacterial growth (determined using optical density) nor culturable counts were affected. Likewise, no statistically significant change (fold-change > 2, P ≤ 0.01) in the expression of 4,358 genes and 714 intergenic regions represented on the gene chip was detected after MF exposure for 2.5 h (1.4 generations) or 15 h (8.7 generations). Moreover, short-term exposure (8 min) to the sinusoidal continuous and power line intermittent signal neither affected bacterial growth nor showed evidence for reliable changes in transcription. In conclusion, our experiments did not indicate that the different tested MFs (50 Hz, 1 mT) affected the transcription of E. coli.
Factors affecting constraints perception of women practising mixed dairy farming (2017)

The success story of Indian milk production has been written primarily by millions of rural producers and perhaps the major share of credit goes to women dairy farmers. Women are major contributors in the agricultural economy, but face various constraints that limit them from achieving optimal livestock production and agricultural development. The study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state to document the constraints affecting the growth of mixed dairy farming systems. The respondents for the study comprised of 60 women engaged in mixed dairy farming. The constraints perceived by the respondents were divided into six main areas viz., general, feeding, economic, management, health care and breeding. Management and feeding constraints were perceived as most serious. Constraints like, 'high cost of animal feeds and fodders' 'fragmentation of land holdings', 'high losses due to animal diseases' were rated as most serious by the respondents. On the other hand they were least bothered about constraints like 'non-availability of veterinary hospital in the village', 'vaccination facilities are not timely available', ' far away location of veterinary hospital is a problem', non-availability of veterinary surgeons' and 'lack of storage facility for dairy products'. Age, social participation, extension contact and mass media exposure were significantly and positively associated with constraint perception. Education, land holding, and risk orientation were negatively but insignificantly related to the constraint perception. Further studies in areas of market incentives and opportunities, diseases and animals, extension services and quality delivery, gender role and information seeking behaviour are advised.
Ophthalmically Administered β Blockers and Their Cardiopulmonary Effects (2001)

Early clinical studies revealed that timolol and other topical beta blockers were effective in reducing intra-ocular pressure, without the side effects associated with other antiglaucoma agents. However, because persons with cardiovascular or respiratory diseases were generally excluded from many of these early studies, the risk of serious cardiovascular and respiratory side effects was seriously underestimated. Once these drugs were made available to the general population, reports of systemic side effects began to proliferate. Very quickly, adverse effects from topical beta blockade became "old news." Despite this recognition, many treating physicians remained unaware of the potential for systemic beta blockade from topically applied beta blockers. A significant portion of a topically administered dose of a beta blocker can be absorbed and thereby affect systemic beta blockade. Sensitivity to systemic beta blockade can be quite dramatic in certain highly susceptible patients, particularly those with either cardiac or pulmonary abnormalities. Careful review of patients' medications will generally lessen, but not completely eliminate, the risk of undesired complications attributable to topical beta blockade.
Syntheses of the Saturated Analogues of 4-Nitrophenol and 4-Nitroaniline (1990)

Abstract Two syntheses for 4-nitrocyclohexanol and 4-nitrocyclohexanamine are presented. Both conveniently start from commercially available 4-aminocyclohexanol.
MPHASYS: a mouse phenotype analysis system (2007)

MPHASYS is a system for analyzing multiple data types from individual animals. It provides a framework for developing data analysis applications, and tools for collecting and distributing high-quality data. The software is platform independent and freely available under an open-source license 1.
Content and Usability Evaluation of Medication Adherence Mobile Applications for Use in Pediatrics (2018)

Content evaluation revealed only a limited number of BCTs that have been translated to medication adherence apps. Among apps with comparable content, clear user preferences emerged based on perceived quality and usability. Greater collaboration is needed between psychologists and health technologists to incorporate more evidence-based BCTs in apps. Findings also indicate a need for app developers to consider and incorporate the preferences of younger end users to improve app quality and engagement for pediatric populations.
CDIP: Collection-Driven, yet Individuality-Preserving Automated Blog Tagging (2007)

With the success of blogs as popular information sharing media, searches on blogs have become popular. In the blogosphere, tagging is used as a means of annotating blog entries with contextually meaningful keywords, which enable users more easily locate blog content. Yet, although tags provided by bloggers are effective for organizing blog entries, in many cases, they are not always sufficient in properly capturing the semantics of the blog content. In our previous work, we observed that there exists large degree of content overlap (not only in the form of quotation/commentary pairs, but also as content borrowing across media outlets) among blog entries, which makes it hard for effective, discriminating keyword searches. In this paper, we further note that these implicit or explicit quotations could be leveraged to identify the contexts in which entries occur; thus, resulting in more effective tagging. Thus, we propose CDIP (a collection-driven, yet individuality- preserving tagging system) which relies on relationships provided by quotation/reuse detection and semantic-focus analysis to automatically tag the blogs in such a way that, not-only the related blogs share tags, but also individuality of the entries is preserved for discriminating tag-based accesses.
MRI in the classical MM1 and the atypical MV2 subtypes of sporadic CJD: an inter‐observer agreement study (2008)

The high frequency of thalamic hyperintensity in the MV2 subtype allowed differentiation from MM1 patients. Good inter-observer agreement was found for BG and thalamus in all sequences. DWI showed the highest inter-observer correlation independent of the investigated brain region and was therefore not only highly sensitive but also relatively independent of investigator bias. Since inter-observer correlation for cortical hyperintensity in T2, FLAIR and PD is relatively low, the cortical changes should not be over-interpreted with these sequences.
Throughput of MC-CDMA multi-cell wireless networks using interference-based sub-carrier group assignment (2005)

Two interference-based sub-carrier group assignment strategies in dynamic resource allocation are proposed for MC-CDMA wireless systems to achieve high throughput in a multi-cell environment. Least interfered group assignment (LIGA) selects for each session the sub-carrier group on which the user receives the minimum interference, while best channel ratio group assignment (BCRGA) chooses the sub-carrier group with the largest channel response-to-interference ratio. Both analytical framework and simulation model are developed for evaluation of throughput distribution of the proposed LIGA and BCRGA schemes. An iterative approach is devised to handle the complex interdependency between multi-cell interference profiles in the throughput analysis. Illustrative results show significant throughput improvement offered by the proposed interference-based assignment schemes for MC-CDMA multi-cell wireless systems. In particular, under low loading conditions, LIGA renders the best performance. However, as the load increases BCRGA tends to offer superior performance.
The Prostacyclin Receptor Is Isoprenylated (1999)

The prostacyclin receptor (IP), a G protein-coupled receptor, mediates the actions of the prostanoid prostacyclin and its mimetics. IPs from a number of species each contain identically conserved putative isoprenylation CAAX motifs, each with the sequence CSLC. Metabolic labeling of human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells stably overexpressing the hemagluttinin epitope-tagged IP in the presence of [(3)H]mevalonolactone established that the mouse IP is isoprenylated. Studies involving in vitro assays confirmed that recombinant forms of the human and mouse IP are modified by carbon 15 farnesyl isoprenoids. Disruption of isoprenylation, by site-directed mutagenesis of Cys(414) to Ser(414), within the CAAX motif, abolished isoprenylation of IP(SSLC) both in vitro and in transfected cells. Scatchard analysis of the wild type (IP) and mutant (IP(SSLC)) receptor confirmed that each receptor exhibited high and low affinity binding sites for [(3)H]iloprost, which were not influenced by receptor isoprenylation. Whereas stable cell lines overexpressing IP generated significant agonist (iloprost and cicaprost)-mediated increases in cAMP relative to nontransfected cells, cAMP generation by IP(SSLC) cells was not significantly different from the control, nontransfected HEK 293 cells. Moreover, co-expression of the alpha (alpha) subunit of Gs generated significant augmentations in cAMP by IP but not by IP(SSLC) cells. Whereas IP also demonstrated significant, dose-dependent increases in [Ca(2+)](i) in response to iloprost or cicaprost compared with the nontransfected HEK 293 cells, mobilization of [Ca(2+)](i) by IP(SSLC) was significantly impaired. Co-transfection of cells with either Galpha(q) or Galpha(11) resulted in significant augmentation of agonist-mediated [Ca(2+)](i) mobilization by IP cells but not by IP(SSLC) cells or by the control, HEK 293 cells. In addition, inhibition of isoprenylation by lovastatin treatment significantly reduced agonist-mediated cAMP generation by IP in comparison to the nonisoprenylated beta(2) adrenergic receptor or nontreated cells. Hence, isoprenylation of IP does not influence ligand binding but is required for efficient coupling to the effectors adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase C.
Radioluminescence Investigation of Ion-Irradiated Phosphors (2009)

Phosphors are materials that emit light under the excitation of incoming radiation. This property is used, among other applications, in radiation detection. Efficient energy transfer from the ionization track to the luminescent centers must occur to yield significant light output. Besides, the investigation of the effects of ion irradiation on the luminescence of phosphors is comparatively unexplored. In this work, we review radioluminescence (RL) investigation of ion‐irradiated oxides and oxide phosphors, and present preliminary data on the effects of ion irradiation on the luminescence of intrinsic phosphor Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO). Commercial crystals were irradiated, and the irradiation effects characterized by means of RL measurements as a function of temperature, from 10 K to room temperature (RT), and optical absorption measurements. Overall, surface modification induced by ion irradiation leads to higher luminescence output.
[Head injury model project.] Eighteen month report on contract PH-43-67-1136 (1970)

Notes: Shelved in basement archive. Please ask library staff for assistance
Dissociable processes underlying decisions in the Iowa Gambling Task: a new integrative framework (2009)

The experimental results support our novel description of the cognitive processes underlying performance in the Iowa Gambling Task. They also suggest that patients' impairments in this and other gambling paradigms can originate from a number of different causes, including a failure in allocating resources among cognitive strategies. This latter interpretation might be particularly useful in explaining the impairments of patients with ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions and, by extension, the contribution of this brain region to human decision making.
A new type of miniaturized optical range sensing scheme: RORS. (1985)

3角測量の原理に基づいた新しい型の距離検出法を開発した.この方法では, 観測レンズと対象物の間に鏡が配置される.観測レンズを通して光ビームを投射して物体上に輝点が生成される.輝点からの光は, 鏡で反射された後に観測レンズで観測面上へ投影される.観測面上での輝点の像位置を検出することにより, 3角測量の原理に基づいて, 物体上の輝点の位置を算出できる.すなわち, 鏡に対して観測レンズと対称な位置に仮想的な観測レンズが配置され, これらの仮想観測レンズによる観測系を使用した3角測量と全く同等な効果が得られる.したがって, この方法により距離検出光学系の幅を, 従来方式の3角測量の基線長よりも著しく狭くできる.理論的な検討および原理的な実験を行った結果, ここで開発した方式により, きわめて小型, 軽量かつ高安定な距離センサを実現できることが確かめられた.この方式に基づく距離センサは, 形状計測やロボティックスなどの分野における, 小型かつ高精度の位置検出センサや近接覚センサなどとしての応用が期待される.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Stereoselective Catalytic C(sp<sup>3</sup>)—H Insertions with Donor Rhodium Carbenoids Generated from Cyclopropenes. (2013)

Abstract The tetrahydropyrans (II) arise as single anti diastereomers by 1,6‐C—H insertions.
Strength of rhenium from x-ray diffraction experiments under nonhydrostatic compression to 250 GPa (2012)

Polycrystalline rhenium in the form of a powder contained in a two-stage gasket was compressed in a diamond anvil cell. No pressure medium was used to ensure that maximum nonhydrostatic stresses that rhenium can support were produced. The pressure was increased in steps to a maximum of 250 GPa and the diffraction pattern recorded at each pressure using energy dispersive technique. The differential stress t, a measure of the compressive strength, was determined at any given pressure from the offset between the measured unit cell volume and volume computed from the pressure-volume relation under hydrostatic pressure. The data suggest that t is 2.5 GPa at a pressure of 5 GPa and increases linearly to 26 GPa at 250 GPa. The present data agree well with those obtained from the radial diffraction data to 37 GPa in an earlier study but differ significantly from the results of another study. Though comparable with the theoretical strength of ideal solids, the observed strengths are extremely large for a polycrystalline aggregate of a solid. The pure pressure effect on the strength described by the shear modulus scaling is inadequate to account for such a large increase of strength with pressure . It is suggested that the major contribution to strength comes from the strain hardening of rhenium that arises due to plastic deformat ion of the sample during nonhydrostatic compression in a diamond anvil cell.
Auditory cortical responses in hearing subjects and unilateral deaf patients as detected by functional magnetic resonance imaging (1998)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive method for the detection of focal brain activity at high spatial resolution. Acoustic stimulation leads to a blood oxygenation level dependent signal change in the plane of the superior temporal gyrus. The dependence of this response in the auditory cortex on binaural, monaural left and monaural right acoustic stimulation for 10 healthy subjects and five monaural deaf patients is described. Acoustic stimulation consists of 1000 Hz pulsed sine tones at a pulse rate of 6 Hz and a sound pressure level of 95 dB. For monaural stimulation, normal-hearing subjects revealed a strong lateralization of cortical response towards the contralateral hemisphere. The lateralization ratios between left and right hemispheric response areas were 3.4-5.2 for monaural stimulation and nearly balanced for binaural stimulation. Additionally, the sum of cortical activation volumes induced by monaural left and right stimulation was approximately 30% smaller than for binaural stimulation, indicating either inhibitory mechanisms or neuronal facilitation within the auditory pathways. For monaural deaf subjects the lateralization ratio between left to right response was just 1.3 towards the contralateral hemisphere of the healthy ear, which is comparable to binaural responses of normal-hearing subjects. This observation seems to indicate a plasticity or a reorganization of auditory pathways of monaural deaf patients.
Wide Band Single Polarization and Polarization Maintaining Fibers (2008)

We propose a new fiber structure using both stress rods and air holes for making wide band single polarization fibers as well as polarization maintaining fibers, and illustrate the results through finite element modeling.
Linear antenna array pattern synthesis with prescribed broad nulls (1990)

A technique of synthesizing an antenna array pattern with prescribed broad nulls is presented. The array pattern synthesis problem is formulated as a least-square null constrained optimization problem. Numerical techniques based on the matrix factorization method are developed for reducing the computational complexity of determining the optimal weight vector. Subsequently, a set of eigenvector constraints are used to approximate the effect of the quadratic constraint. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the performance achievable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Angular-motion OTF model (2005)

A new model for the optical transfer function (OTF) of an imaging system during angular motion is presented. In the traditional analysis, the optic's point spread function (PSF) is assumed to be fixed and therefore, cascading the motion OTF with the optics' OTF is allowed. However, this method is found to be not accurate in the situation of varying viewing angle, which occurs during an angular motion of the imager. In angular motion conditions, the image is affected by space-variant wavefront aberrations, space-variant motion blur and space-variant defocus. The proposed model considers these effects and formulates a combined space-variant OTF obtained from the angle-dependent optics' PSF and the motion PSF which acts as a weighing function. Results of comparison between the new angular motion-dependent OTF and the traditional OTF show significant differences when the imaged object points are apart from the optical axis. To simplify the proposed OTF model, an efficient approximation is suggested and evaluated.
Effects of Streptozocin-Induced Diabetes and Islet Cell Transplantation on Insulin Signaling in Rat Skeletal Muscle (1999)

Streptozocin-induced diabetes is associated with alterations in insulin signaling in rat skeletal muscle, including increased insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylation and phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase activity. In the current study, we determined the effects of streptozocin-induced diabetes and treatment of diabetes by islet cell transplantation on several proximal insulin-activated signaling proteins. Three groups of male Lewis rats (untreated streptozocin-diabetic animals, islet cell-transplanted diabetic rats, and nondiabetic control rats) were studied in the basal state or 30 min after i.p. insulin injection (20 U/rat). Mixed hindlimb skeletal muscle lysates were used to determine the expression and enzymatic activities of the extracellular regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK2), Akt, and p70 S6 kinase (p70S6k). In all three groups of rats, insulin significantly increased ERK2, RSK2, Akt, and p70S6k activities. There was no effect of diabetes on insulin-stimulated ERK2 activity or ERK2 protein levels. RSK2 expression and insulin-stimulated RSK2 activity were significantly elevated in diabetic rats compared with those in the control animals. Insulin-stimulated Akt activity was also significantly greater in the diabetic animals, but there was no change in protein expression. In contrast, there was a decrease in insulin-stimulated p70S6k activity with no change in protein expression in the diabetic rats. Islet transplantation partially (RSK2) or fully (Akt, p70S6k) normalized these diabetes-induced changes in insulin signaling proteins. We conclude that streptozocin diabetes results in the dysregulation of several critical insulin-activated proteins in rat skeletal muscle, but islet cell transplantation is an effective therapy to partially correct these alterations in insulin signaling.