gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rearrangement and insertion reactions of 2-methylbenzylidenes (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRearrangement and insertion reactions of 2-methylbenzylidenesGerald Vander Stouw, Allen R. Kraska, and Harold ShechterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 5, 1655–1661Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00760a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00760a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Acquisition of electrosurgical data using the IEEE-488 (2003)

Electrosurgery uses high-frequency current (0.5-2.5 MHz) to create an electric arc that cuts and coagulates tissue. The arc's parameters are virtually unknown and it is possible that the electrosurgical arc is the source of a large number of hazards reported in the operating room. A study has been undertaken which examines the output voltage and current characteristics of the electrical arc. Using the Tektronix 7D20 programmable digitizer, one thousand twenty-four points are taken from each waveform and are downloaded into an IBM-PC-compatible (8086) using an IEEE-488 general purpose interface bus (GPIB) interface. The initiation of the electrosurgical arc is examined with emphasis on the software developed to execute the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Adsorption of Coagulation Factors onto Phospholipids (1970)

Summary It is shown that factors VIII and IX react with phospholipid in a way fully analogous to the reaction of factors V and X. From this it is concluded that a complex of factors VIII and IX adsorbed onto a phospholipid micelle may be the entity that activates factor X in the intrinsic pathway. The implications of this finding for the concepts of the reaction mechanism of blood coagulation are discussed. It is shown that instead of the original 7-step cascade of Macfarlane, a 4-step cascade consisting partly of complex enzymes is more probable.
RNA synthesis using a universal, base-stable allyl linker (1997)

The application of a universal allyl linker, 9-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-10-undecenoic acid, to the solid phase synthesis of RNA molecules is described. Use of this linker simplifies significantly the isolation and purification steps in RNA synthesis. The linker is universal in that it does not contain a nucleoside. The 3'terminal nucleoside is instead attached to the support in the first coupling step. The resultant RNA fragment is then obtained as the 3'-phosphate. The linker is base-stable, and thus all reagents used during deprotection can simply be washed away, leaving the RNA attached. Further, tritylated short fragments resulting from chain cleavage for any reason are also washed away before separation from the support. This linker is compatible with any current synthetic methodology and any amino functionalized support. Of course, silica supports would not be compatible with fluoride reagents. It could also be used to advantage for other applications. Because it is cleaved under conditions orthogonal to those used during many common reactions, the range of post-synthetic manipulations that can be carried out without cleavage from the support is extended significantly.
Graph Problems on a Mesh-Connected Processor Array (1984)

Algorithms that run in O(n) steps are given for solving a number of graph problems on an n x n array of processors. The problems considered include: finding the bridges and artiedation points of an undirected graph, findmg the length of a shortest cycle, finding a minimum spanning tree, and a number of other problems.
For Whom the Web Toils: How Internet Experience Predicts Web Reliance and Credibility (2004)

Abstract This study employs an online survey of politically interested Internet users to examine the degree to which Internet experience predicts reliance on the World Wide Web (Web) and Web credibility. Respondents in this study represent an experienced group of Internet users. The average user had been online 6.2 years. However, they regularly engaged in only 9.4 of 22 possible online activities, suggesting they regularly visit a core group of sites. Although years online and number of online activities emerged as distinct measures of Internet experience, neither strongly predicted Web reliance or Web credibility. Neither Internet experience variable predicted any of the six measures of Internet credibility. Number of activities did not influence Web reliance and years online was negatively related, indicating that those who had been online for a shorter time were more likely to rely on the Web than veteran users.
An instability of hyperbolic space under the Yang-Mills flow (2014)

We consider the Yang-Mills flow on hyperbolic 3-space. The gauge connection is constructed from the frame-field and (not necessarily compatible) spin connection components. The fixed points of this flow include zero Yang-Mills curvature configurations, for which the spin connection has zero torsion and the associated Riemannian geometry is one of constant curvature. We analytically solve the linearized flow equations for a large class of perturbations to the fixed point corresponding to hyperbolic 3-space. These can be expressed as a linear superposition of distinct modes, some of which are exponentially growing along the flow. The growing modes imply the divergence of the (gauge invariant) perturbative torsion for a wide class of initial data, indicating an instability of the background geometry that we confirm with numeric simulations in the partially compactified case. There are stable modes with zero torsion, but all the unstable modes are torsion-full. This leads us to speculate that the instability is induced by the torsion degrees of freedom present in the Yang-Mills flow.
Effects of Comonomer Structure on the Polymorphic Behavior of Syndiotactic Polystyrene-Based Random Copolymers (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTEffects of Comonomer Structure on the Polymorphic Behavior of Syndiotactic Polystyrene-Based Random CopolymersBo Ki Hong, Keon Hyeong Kim, Jae Cheol Cho, Won Ho Jo, and Jungahn KimView Author Information Department of Fiber and Polymer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea Polymer Hybrid Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 130-650, Korea Cite this: Macromolecules 1998, 31, 25, 9081–9083Publication Date (Web):November 19, 1998Publication History Received4 June 1998Revised3 September 1998Published online19 November 1998Published inissue 1 December 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma980884vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma980884vbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Annealing (metallurgy),Copolymers,Crystals,Granular materials,Physical and chemical processes Get e-Alerts
Generalised multisets for chemical programming (2006)

Gamma is a programming model in which computation can be seen as chemical reactions between data represented as molecules floating in a chemical solution. This model can be formalised as associative, commutative, conditional rewritings of multisets where rewrite rules and multisets represent chemical reactions and solutions, respectively. In this article we generalise the notion of multiset used by Gamma and present applications through various programming examples. First, multisets are generalised to include rewrite rules, which become first-class citizens. This extension is formalised by the -calculus with constants, operators, types and expressive patterns, we build a higher-order chemical programming language called HOCL. Finally, multisets are further generalised by allowing elements to have infinite and negative multiplicities. Semantics, implementation and applications of this extension are considered.
Paper No P22: Fast Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display With Novel Photoaligned Layer (2013)

Abstract A novel composite photoalignment layer for ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) displays is explored. The key technique is to introduce a functional liquid crystal polymer into azo‐dye material with proper mixing. Bearing good alignment quality derived from the azo‐dye, the composite layer provides strong anchoring energy comparable to that of rubbed polyimide layers. Furthermore, by using a two‐step exposure process, the composite layer shows much better stability than that with a pure azo‐dye material. The photostability has been evaluated by the exposure energy needed to rearrange the orientation of SD1 molecules. The photostability is improved by more than 20 times using composited layer compared with pure SD1 material.
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy Using a Tunable Continuum Source and a Nipkow Disk Confocal Microscope (2005)

Multi-beam confocal sectioned fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy is demonstrated using a Yokogawa spinning disk. The single-photon excitation source is a supercontinuum generated from a Ti:sapphire seeded photonic crystalline fibre.
Photochemical reaction of dimethylamine in polychloromethanes. Photochemical synthesis of bis(dimethylamino)methane (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical reaction of dimethylamine in polychloromethanes. Photochemical synthesis of bis(dimethylamino)methaneKenneth G. Hancock and David A. DickinsonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 3, 331–335Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00917a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00917a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views171Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of Three Homogeneous Canine Immunoglobulins (1971)

Abstract Three homogeneous immunoglobulins were isolated from the serum or urine of three dogs with plasma cell dyscrasias. Antigenic and physicochemical characterization of the proteins showed that one was a macroglobulin, a second a γA myeloma paraprotein, and the third a Bence Jones protein. The proteins were characterized by physical, chemical and immunologic analysis and compared with human immunoglobulins, as well as with a previously studied canine macroglobulin. The studies confirmed the production of myeloma paraproteins by certain dogs with plasma cell dyscrasias and suggested their suitability for further elucidating the nature of canine immunoglobulins. In addition, such pure proteins should prove useful for comparative amino acid sequence analyses with human and murine myeloma proteins.
Resolution of glycoproteins by affinity‐based reversed micellar extraction and separation (1998)

Abstract Affinity‐based reversed micellar extraction and separation (ARMES) has proven effective in separating glycoproteins from nonglycosylated proteins from natural sources. The ability of ARMES to resolve closely related glycoproteins is of paramount importance if ARMES is to be used in glycoform resolution. It is demonstrated that ARMES can resolve the structurally similar soybean peroxidase (SBP; MW 37 kDa, pI 4.1) and α t ‐acid glycoprotein (AGP; MW 43 kDa, pI 3.7), both of which have affinity for Concanavalin A (Con A) (the affinity ligand). SBP was almost exclusively extracted at pH 8 and above, with a separation factor greater than 50 (resolution ∼ 20), far better than was possible using Con A affinity chromatography (R ∼ 0.25, separation factor ∼ 2). Model calculations suggest that differences in affinity measured by an equilibrium‐building assay cannot account for the favorable extraction of SBP over AGP at higher pH. Hydrophobic interactions and/or charge shielding appear to affect partitioning of the lectin ‐ glycoprotein complexes and add greatly to the selectivity of extraction in ARMES, especially at higher pH values.
Ambient Silver Concentration Anomaly in the Finnish Arctic Lower Atmosphere (2003)

Mean silver concentrations in weekly particle samples collected at Kevo, northern Finland, were determined for the period of October 1964-March 1978 by neutron activation analysis. Two distinct periods were observed in the silver concentration levels over this time frame. During 1964-1970, mean weekly silver concentration levels were found in the range of 0.01-190 ng/m3 with an arithmetic mean of 2.19 ng/m3. A few very high silver concentration levels (>10 ng/m3) were observed in this period, some of which simultaneously occurred with some of the highest bromine and iodine concentration levels. During 1971-1978, silver concentration levels were in the range of 0.02-0.89 ng/m3 with a mean value of 0.09 ng/m3. The observed concentration levels in the later period matched well the data from the early 1990s reported at Sevettijärvi, northern Finland, about 60 km east of Kevo. Data analysis, historical records for this region, and residence time analysis (RTA) using wind back-trajectories show that occasional smelting of silver-rich Norilsk ores at the Nikel smelter, Kola Peninsula, was probably a significant contributor to elevated mean silver concentration levels during 1964-1970. RTA alone was not able to unambiguously identify the most probable source region for highest silver impacts at Kevo due to the weekly integrated nature of the samples collected. Critical examination of wind back-trajectories (24 per day) for specific high silver, bromine, and iodine concentration weeks was carried out to supplement the ensemble RTA analysis (2 back-trajectories per day). The supplemental back-trajectory analysis revealed that deposition of the smelter component silver as well as the sea components (bromine and iodine) could occur together at Kevo during these weekly sampling periods. The study implies that data from weekly integrated samples are insufficiently time-resolved for RTA methods alone to unambiguously resolve the sources contributing to ambient atmospheric concentrations at Kevo, Finland.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of an Inositol Phosphoglycan Fragment Found in Leishmania Parasites. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Nondestructive evaluation of aircraft structures using high-resolution real-time radiography</title> (1995)

It is now possible to reduce the costs and time needed to perform radiography of aging aircraft, space vehicles, and aerospace components. Recent advances in high resolution x-ray detectors, high fidelity low light level camera systems, image enhancement techniques, and robotic inspections have made the use of real time techniques more attractive from the standpoint of reducing film costs, reducing waste products from film processing, obtaining more reliable inspections, and gaining computer assisted interpretations. This paper summarizes ongoing efforts in support of the U.S. Air Force Wright Laboratories to develop a semiautomated high resolution digital real-time radiographic (HRRTR) inspection system to detect anomalous conditions on aircraft structures, turbine engine components, and composite materials. Examples of detection of corrosion and cracking in various aircraft structures using this system are reported.
Response modification in carcinogenesis. (1989)

A major goal in multistep carcinogenesis research is the integration of recent findings obtained by sophisticated molecular-genetic and cytogenetic analysis of cancer into the more descriptive concepts of experimental pathology. It is proposed that the creation of a promotable cell in carcinogenic initiation requires a response modification to extracellular or intercellular signals. Different types of response modification can be distinguished: changes in the receptors for growth and differentiation factors and their cytoplasmic and nuclear signal transduction pathways; increased resistance of initiated cells to cytotoxic agents; alterations in junctional cell-to-cell communications. The challenge of a response-modified cell to an appropriate promoter results in its selection and clonal expansion, usually to a benign tumor. In addition, for malignancy, chromosomal changes are required that affect cellular functions that can play a role early or late in tumorigenesis. These concepts are illustrated with examples from oncogene research and oxidant promotion.
Multiple forms of parathyroid hormone-like proteins in a human tumour (1989)

The extensive chromatographic characterization of four parathyroid hormone (PTH)-like proteins in a human bronchial carcinoid tumour associated with humoral hypercalcaemia and severe osteitis fibrosa is described. PTH-like bioactivity was detected in acetic acid extracts of the tumour using an in-vitro osteo-sarcoma cell bioassay. The active tumour proteins were positively charged at physiological pH and had apparent Mr of approximately 29,000, 16,000, 4000-9000 and less than 4000. The proteins were immunologically distinct from PTH, but each stimulated PTH-sensitive adenylate cyclase in cultured osteoblastic cells. There was no evidence of PTH gene expression by the tumour. These proteins represent different molecular forms of PTH-related protein.
Three-Dimensional near Infrared Imaging of Pathophysiological Changes within the Breast (2007)

Abstract : Near Infrared optical imaging is a non-invasive and non-ionizing medical imaging technique that can image functional properties of biological tissue using Near Infrared (NIR) light. Due to the dominance of scattering of light in tissue, modeling of light propagation in tissue requires advanced computational methods. This project was aimed to develop novel computational methods that will lead to use of optical imaging in a routine clinical setting. As a part of this work, an optimization of computational parameters for the existing methods was performed. A novel algorithm which includes noise characteristics of the instruments was also developed to get an optimal estimate of breast tissue optical properties. New methods for effectively using Magnetic resonance image information in NIR image reconstruction procedure were also developed to improve the total outcome of NIR functional images of breast. Optical image reconstruction methods that improve the computational efficiency by a factor of 10 for three-dimensional optical imaging were also developed.
A transcriptional response to replication status mediated by the conserved bacterial replication protein DnaA (2005)

Organisms respond to perturbations in DNA replication. We characterized the global transcriptional response to inhibition of DNA replication in Bacillus subtilis . We focused on changes that were independent of the known recA -dependent global DNA damage (SOS) response. We found that overlapping sets of genes are affected by perturbations in replication elongation or initiation and that this transcriptional response serves to inhibit cell division and maintain cell viability. Approximately 20 of the operons (>50 genes) affected have potential DnaA-binding sites and are probably regulated directly by DnaA, the highly conserved replication initiation protein and transcription factor. Many of these genes have homologues and recognizable DnaA-binding sites in other bacteria, indicating that a DnaA-mediated response, elicited by changes in DNA replication status, may be conserved.
Multiple rare variants in <i>NPC1L1</i> associated with reduced sterol absorption and plasma low-density lipoprotein levels (2006)

An approach to understand quantitative traits was recently proposed based on the finding that nonsynonymous (NS) sequence variants in certain genes are preferentially enriched at one extreme of the population distribution. The NS variants, although individually rare, are cumulatively frequent and influence quantitative traits, such as plasma lipoprotein levels. Here, we use the NS variant technique to demonstrate that genetic variation in NPC1L1 contributes to variability in cholesterol absorption and plasma levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). The ratio of plasma campesterol (a plant sterol) to lathosterol (a cholesterol precursor) was used to estimate relative cholesterol absorption in a population-based study. Nonsynonymous sequence variations in NPC1L1 were five times more common in low absorbers (n = 26 of 256) than in high absorbers (n = 5 of 256) (P < 0.001). The rare variants identified in low absorbers were found in 6% of 1,832 African-Americans and were associated with lower plasma levels of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) (96 +/- 36 mg/dl vs. 105 +/- 36 mg/dl; P = 0.005). These data, together with prior findings, reveal a genetic architecture for LDL-C levels that does not conform to current models for quantitative traits and indicate that a significant fraction of genetic variance in LDL-C is due to multiple alleles with modest effects that are present at low frequencies in the population.