gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modelling text prediction systems in low- and high-inflected languages (2009)

Text prediction was initially proposed to help people with a low text composition speed to enhance their message composition. After the important advancements obtained in the last years, text prediction methods may nowadays benefit anyone trying to input text messages or commands, if they are adequately integrated within the user interface of the application. Diverse text prediction methods are based in different statistic and linguistic properties of natural languages. Hence, they are very dependent on the language concerned. In order to discuss general issues of text prediction it is necessary to propose abstract descriptions of the methods used. In this paper a number of models applied to text prediction are presented. Some of them are oriented to low-inflected languages while others are for high-inflected languages. All these models have been implemented and their results are compared. Presented models may be useful for future discussion. Finally, some comments related to the comparison of previously published results are also done.
From crystal statics to chemical dynamics (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFrom crystal statics to chemical dynamicsHans Beat Buergi and Jack D. DunitzCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1983, 16, 5, 153–161Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00089a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00089a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2091Altmetric-Citations554LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Machine Learning for Unsupervised Fraud Detection (2015)

Fraud is a threat that most online service providers must address in the development of their systems to ensure an efficient security policy and the integrity of their revenue. Amadeus, a Global Distribution System providing a transaction platform for flight booking by travel agents, is targeted by fraud attempts that could lead to revenue losses and indemnifications. The objective of this thesis is to detect fraud attempts by applying machine learning algorithms to bookings represented by Passenger Name Record history. Due to the lack of labelled data, the current study presents a benchmark of unsupervised algorithms and aggregation methods. It also describes anomaly detection techniques which can be applied to self-organizing maps and hierarchical clustering. Considering the important amount of transactions per second processed by Amadeus back-ends, we eventually highlight potential bottlenecks and alternatives.
Structural differences found in the asparagine-linked sugar chains of human chorionic gonadotropins purified from the urine of patients with invasive mole and with choriocarcinoma. (1987)

Paper electrophoresis of the oligosaccharide fraction obtained by hydrazinolysis of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), which was purified from the urine of two patients with invasive mole, gave fractionation patterns different from those of normal and hydatidiform mole HCGs. Structural study of the oligosaccharides in each fraction revealed that the triantennary complex-type asparagine-linked sugar chains, specifically found in choriocarcinoma HCGs, were included in the two HCG samples. However, the unusual biantennary complex type sugar chains, which are also specific for the tumor HCGs, were not detected at all. This result indicated that abnormal expression of N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase IV during the development of choriocarcinoma occurs in two steps: (a) ectopic expression of the regular N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase IV; and (b) modification of the substrate specificity of the enzyme.
MRI volumes of amygdala and hippocampus in non–mentally retarded autistic adolescents and adults (1999)

There is a reduction in the volume of amygdala and hippocampus in people with autism, particularly in relation to total brain volume. The histopathology of autism suggests that these volume reductions are related to a reduction in dendritic tree and neuropil development, and likely reflect the underdevelopment of the neural connections of limbic structures with other parts of the brain, particularly cerebral cortex.
Short SRT (solids retention time) nitrification process/flowsheet (1998)

The short SRT nitrification process/flowsheet was developed to provide an inexpensive alternative for plants in the northern climates which need to upgrade their activated sludge process for year-round nitrification or nitrogen removal. In this process/flowsheet supplemental nitrifiers are added daily to the activated sludge process to replenish nitrifiers removed with the wasted activated sludge. The supplemental nitrifiers are grown in a separate small side-stream aeration tank using ammonia available in the digested sludge dewatering liquid or in the digester supernatant. Paper presents description of this flowsheet, the theoretical background and results of modeling. Modeling of this process/flowsheet showed that the addition of the supplemental nitrifiers allows the main stream activated sludge process to nitrify during low winter temperatures at very low SRT values. For example an SRT of 7 to 10 days at 10°C is required, instead of 13 to 18 days for conventional nitrification. Thus this process/flowsheet can provide nitrification in a substantially smaller aeration tank than required for the conventional nitrification.
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF NATIVE ORNAMENTALS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH IN INDIA (2008)

ISHS XXVII International Horticultural Congress - IHC2006: International Symposium on Endogenous and Exogenous Plant Bioregulators VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF NATIVE ORNAMENTALS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH IN INDIA
Occlusion cuff position is an important determinant of the time course and magnitude of human brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (2000)

Non-invasive ultrasound techniques to assess flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) are frequently used to assess arterial endothelial vasodilator function. However, the range of normal values varies considerably, possibly due to differences in methodological factors. We sought to determine the effect of occlusion cuff position on the time course and magnitude of brachial artery blood flow and flow-mediated dilation. Twelve healthy subjects underwent measurements of forearm blood flow using venous occlusion plethysmography (VOP) before and after 5 min of susprasystolic cuff inflation, using two randomly assigned occlusion cuff positions (upper arm and forearm). An additional 16 subjects underwent two brachial ultrasound studies, using the two cuff positions, to assess the extent and time course of changes in brachial artery diameter and blood flow. Maximum increase in blood flow (peak reactive hyperaemia), measured by VOP, occurred immediately upon each cuff deflation, but was greater after upper arm compared with forearm arterial occlusion (33.1+/-3.1 versus 22.8+/-2.2 ml/min per forearm tissue, P=0.001). Maximal brachial artery FMD was significantly greater following upper arm occlusion (9.0+/-1.2%, mean +/- S.E.M.) compared with forearm occlusion (5.9+/-0.7%, P=0.01). The time course of the change in brachial artery diameter was affected differently in response to each protocol. The time to peak dilation following upper arm occlusion was delayed by 22 s compared with forearm occlusion. Occlusion cuff position is thus a powerful determinant of peak reactive hyperaemia, volume repaid and the extent and time course of brachial artery FMD. Positioning the cuff on the upper arm produces a greater FMD. These results highlight the need for comparisons between FMD studies to be made with care.
Unsupervised Analysis of Polyphonic Music by Sparse Coding (2006)

We investigate a data-driven approach to the analysis and transcription of polyphonic music, using a probabilistic model which is able to find sparse linear decompositions of a sequence of short-term Fourier spectra. The resulting system represents each input spectrum as a weighted sum of a small number of "atomic" spectra chosen from a larger dictionary; this dictionary is, in turn, learned from the data in such a way as to represent the given training set in an (information theoretically) efficient way. When exposed to examples of polyphonic music, most of the dictionary elements take on the spectral characteristics of individual notes in the music, so that the sparse decomposition can be used to identify the notes in a polyphonic mixture. Our approach differs from other methods of polyphonic analysis based on spectral decomposition by combining all of the following: (a) a formulation in terms of an explicitly given probabilistic model, in which the process estimating which notes are present corresponds naturally with the inference of latent variables in the model; (b) a particularly simple generative model, motivated by very general considerations about efficient coding, that makes very few assumptions about the musical origins of the signals being processed; and (c) the ability to learn a dictionary of atomic spectra (most of which converge to harmonic spectral profiles associated with specific notes) from polyphonic examples alone-no separate training on monophonic examples is required.
X-Ray crystal structure of tetrakis(8-quinolinolato)zirconium(IV), a dodecahedral M(AB)4 system (1974)

The structure of the title compound confirms previous suggestions that the stereochemistry of dodecahedral transition-metal complexes of the type M(AB)4 is dependent upon the electronic configuration of the metal ion.
Oligomerization and intracellular protein transport: dimerization of intestinal dipeptidylpeptidase IV occurs in the Golgi apparatus (1991)

It was postulated that newly synthesized membrane proteins need to be assembled into oligomers in the endoplasmic reticulum in order to be transported to the Golgi apparatus. By use of the differentiated human adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2, the general validity of this proposal was studied for small intestinal brush border enzymes which are dimers in most mammalian species. Chemical cross-linking experiments and sucrose gradient rate-zonal centrifugation revealed that dipeptidylpeptidase IV is present as a dimer in the brush border membrane of Caco-2 cells whereas the disaccharidase sucrase-isomaltase appears to be a monomer. Dipeptidylpeptidase IV was found to dimerize immediately after complex glycosylation, an event associated with the Golgi apparatus. Dimerization of this enzyme was inhibited by CCCP but did not depend on complex glycosylation of N-linked carbohydrates as assessed by the use of the trimming inhibitor 1-deoxymannojirimycin. It is concluded that dimerization of dipeptidylpeptidase IV occurs in a late Golgi compartment and therefore cannot be a prerequisite for its export from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Corticosteroid treatment in cystic fibrosis. (1993)

Lung damage in cystic fibrosis originates in airway mucosal cells where failure ofchloride secretion and enhanced sodium absorption lead to excessive absorption ofwater. There is loss of the sol phase lining the epithelium and viscid mucous, which interferes with ciliary transport and provides a breed- ing ground for bacteria, accumulates on the airway wall. In these circumstances the protective and self limiting inflam- matory response initiated by pulmonary macrophages is not sufficient to eliminate infection. The continuing presence of bacteria provokes a vigorous systemic inflammatory response that prevents dissemination ofinfection beyond the lung, but in doing so may contribute to lung injury. Corticosteroid treatment could be beneficial by suppressing those com- ponents of the immune response that are damaging the lung.
Network-constrained regularization and variable selection for analysis of genomic data (2008)

The proposed network-constrained regularization procedure efficiently utilizes the known pathway structures in identifying the relevant genes and the subnetworks that might be related to phenotype in a general regression framework. As more biological networks are identified and documented in databases, the proposed method should find more applications in identifying the subnetworks that are related to diseases and other biological processes.
Simultaneous positive and negative density‐dependent dispersal in a colonial bird species (2009)

Contradictory patterns of density-dependent animal dispersal can potentially be reconciled by integrating the conspecific attraction hypothesis with the traditional competition hypothesis. We propose a hypothesis that predicts a U-shaped relationship between density and both natal and breeding dispersal distance. Using 10 years of observations on a breeding colony of the Blue-footed Booby (Sula nebouxii), the hypothesis was confirmed by documenting simultaneous positive and negative density-dependent dispersal distances in natal and breeding dispersal of males and breeding dispersal of females within the colony. Point-pattern analyses demonstrated that the breeding sites of Blue-footed Boobies were highly aggregated in all years within a large study area, and aggregation presumably resulted in heterogeneity in patch density throughout the colony. As predicted, at moderate to high densities, dispersal distances showed positive density dependence, with individuals moving to lower density patches. In contrast, at low to moderate densities, dispersal distances showed negative density dependence, with individuals moving to higher density patches. In both sexes of the 1994 cohort, the higher the mean density in patches used by an individual over the long term (up to age 11 years), the fewer fledglings it produced. A positive effect of density on long-term reproductive success was not detected, possibly because birds that failed during pair formation or incubation were not sampled. Density of conspecifics may be an important influence on habitat selection of breeders, and dispersal may tend to carry individuals to patches where pair formation opportunities are better and negative effects of competition on reproductive success are reduced.
Frequency Domain Analysis (2005)

This chapter concentrates on the frequency domain analysis of discrete time systems. Derivation and importance of sampling theorem, discrete time Fourier transform (DTFT), its properties and applications in digital signal processing and filter design are discussed in detail, along with many problems worked out numerically and by MATLAB functions. Derivation of discrete time Fourier Series (DTFS), discrete time Fourier Transform (DFT) and their properties is shown. Difference between their properties and the difference between circular convolution and linear convolution is explained. Application of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is included in this chapter
Hot-Carrier acceleration factors for low power management in DC-AC stressed 40nm NMOS node at high temperature (2009)

Channel hot-carrier degradation presents a renewed interest in the last NMOS nodes where the device reliability of bulk silicon (core) 40 nm and Input/Output (IO) device is difficult to achieve at high temperature as a function of supply voltage VDD and back bias V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BS</sub> . A three mode interface trap generation is proposed based on the energy acquisition involved in distinct interactions in all the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS</sub> , V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BS</sub> ) conditions as a single I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> lifetime dependence is observed with V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GD</sub> > 0. This gives a new age(t) function useful for accurate DC to AC transfers. Positive temperature activation is explained by the rise of ionization rate with electron-electron scattering (medium I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> ) and multi vibrational excitation (higher I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> ) which increase the H desorption by thermal emission. The use of forward VBS has shown no gain under CHC for both device types. The main limitation occurs under reverse V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BS</sub> = -V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> in IO where the smaller temperature activation partially compensates the larger damage. In that case a security margin can be established giving a limit of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BS</sub> = -V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> /2 for design reliability.
Twist and writhe of a DNA loop containing intrinsic bends. (1993)

The finite-element method of solid mechanics is applied to calculation of the three-dimensional structure of closed circular DNA, modeled as an elastic rod subject to large motions. The results predict the minimum elastic energy conformation of a closed loop of DNA as a function of relaxed equilibrium configuration and linking number (Lk). We apply the method to four different starting states: a straight rod, two rods containing either one or two 20 degrees bends, and a circular O-ring. The results, here at low superhelix density, show the changes in writhe (Wr) and in twist (Tw) as Lk is progressively lowered. The presence of even a single intrinsic bend reduces significantly the linking number change at which Wr first appears, compared to an initially straight, bend-free rod. The presence of two in-phase bends, situated at opposite ends of a diameter, leads to the formation of at least two distinct regions of different but relatively uniform Tw increment. The O-ring begins to writhe immediately upon reduction of Lk, and the Tw increment distribution is sinusoidal along the rod. The mechanics calculations, unlike other theoretical approaches, permit us to calculate Tw and Wr independent of the constraint of constant Lk.
Creation of a semantic lexicon by Traversal of a machine tractable concept taxonomy* (1995)

Abstract In order to develop computer systems which can process the content of natural language texts it is necessary to capture the meaning of words in a way which is robust and domain independent. In this article we discuss a particular kind of word representation based on sets of weighted semantic features. We describe how a lexicon of such patterns can be created automatically from a hierarchical concept ontology and evaluated using a psychometric method. Finally we summarise our findings in this research, giving the strengths and weaknesses of the advocated approach.
Prevalence odds ratio or prevalence ratio in the analysis of cross sectional data: what is to be done? (1998)

The PR is conservative, consistent, and interpretable relative to the IRR and should be used in preference to the POR. Multivariate estimation of the PR should be executed by means of generalised linear models or, conservatively, by proportional hazards regression.
Economic impact of an environmental accident: A time‐series analysis of the Exxon Valdez oil spill in southcentral Alaska (1993)

Tharae prevailing model of individual and collective responses to environmental accidents emphasizes the interactive relationships between the impacted social organization and the aversive agent. The focus of this model is on the social and psychological dimensions of these events. Lacking is a recognition that environmental accidents are also powerful economic perturbations with the potential to effect profound adjustments within impacted communities. A stochastic time‐series model is utilized to illustrate the magnitude of the economic impacts of the Exxon Valdez oil spill on the communities of southcentral Alaska. This environmental accident induced a regional economic boom of substantial proportions for the small, natural resource dependent communities located in the impacted region. Although the benefits of this increase in economic activity were not distributed evenly across southcentral Alaska, the analysis concludes that the environmental accident was economically beneficial and compensated for a sharp reduction in the profitability of commercial fishing.
[Application of in situ hybridization using digoxigenin--labeled HBV DNA probe and comparison with biotinylated probe]. (1993)

A method of in situ hybridization for HBV DNA on liver tissue with digoxigenin-labeled probe is described. We have detected the HBV DNA of sixteen liver biopsies. The results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of digoxigenin-labeled probe for in situ hybridization were hig er and stronger then those of biotinylated probe. The practicality of digoxigenin-labeled probe is better. It is an excellent non-radioactive probe for in situ hybridization, which may eventually replace the biotinylated probe. The localization of HBV DNA in hepatocytes could be classified into 4 types, namely, the whole cytoplasmic, focal cytoplasmic, whole nucleic and nuclear membranous-nucleolus. The results of in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled probe could reflect the free or integrated status of HBV genome and the levels of its genomic replication in hepatocytes. The procedure of in situ hybridization using digoxigeninlabeled probe was also discussed.
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Treatment Patterns Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Six European Countries (2014)

Treatment patterns varied among GLP-1 RA patients, with persistence highest among either LIRA or exQW across countries, and lowest among exBID. Longer-term data would be useful, particularly given limited exQW follow-up due to more recent launch.