gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<scp>l</scp>‐carnitine supplementation attenuates intermittent hypoxia‐induced oxidative stress and delays muscle fatigue in rats (2008)

The concept of L-carnitine (L-CAR) supplementation to improve muscular performance is based on the role of L-CAR in regulating aerobic metabolism. L-CAR has also been found to attenuate free radical-induced oxidative stress in various pathological conditions. Thus, it was hypothesized that L-CAR may reduce intermittent hypoxia (IH)-induced oxidative stress and thereby benefit skeletal muscle performance. Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: unexposed control; IH exposed (6 h day(-1) for 7 consecutive days), IH exposed with L-CAR supplementation (100 mg (kg body weight)(-1) day(-1)). Electrical stimulation was used to induce six tetanic muscular contractions in the gastrocnemius muscle after completion of exposure. Percentage mean performed work (PW), time of decay to 50% peak force of contraction (T50), and peak force of contraction (FPeak) were measured during tetanic contractions. Mean frequency (MF) was measured using electromyography between tetanic contractions. Muscle damage was indirectly measured from plasma creatine kinase (CK) and lipid hydroperoxide (LHP) levels. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl (PC) and LHP were estimated in the muscle tissue to investigate the efficacy of L-CAR in attenuating oxidative stress. Significant reduction in TBARS, PC and LHP levels and CK activity in the L-CAR-supplemented IH group as compared to the IH placebo group suggests that L-CAR reduces oxidative damage and thereby delays muscular fatigue, which was evident from MF, T50, PW and FPeak. From these studies, we conclude that L-CAR delays muscle fatigue by the reducing free radical-induced oxidative damage of IH exposure.
Congenital syphilis: resurgence of an old problem. (1971)

Three infants with congenital syphilis, unrecognized and unsuspected until diagnosis by roentgenograms, are described. Absence of this disease from the same children9s hospital for the preceding 5 years may in part explain failure to suspect syphilis in these infants. Lack of communication in a period of frequent movement of patients from clinic to clinic and doctor to doctor is also a factor. The current increase in venereal disease requires a tightening of hospital routines and an increased alertness for a well known but temporarily forgotten pediatric problem.
A Gram-Charlier Series Method for Calculating General Signal Constellation Error Probabilities (2011)

We develop a method for calculating the probability of symbol error, via a multivariate Gram-Charlier series, for arbitrary coherent modulation schemes with statistically independent source symbols and subject to intersymbol interference (ISI) and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The resulting error probability approximations have closed-form solutions and yield very accurate results with very little computational expense.
Evolving intricacies and implications of E2F1 regulation (2003)

E2F transcription factors may play a pivotal role in the transcriptional regulation of several cellular processes far beyond the originally described cell cycle and proliferation. Among the six E2F family members, only E2F1 is noted for its role in apoptosis. The pocket protein family members Rb, p107, and p130 act as the main regulators of E2F activity. Nonetheless, in recent years other protein-protein interactions have been described for E2Fs. The post-translational modifications resulting from such protein interactions may have significant implications in the stability, half-life, and functional activity of E2Fs. In human diseases the significance of E2Fs is still under appreciated and is primarily recognized only as a consequence of the impairment in retinoblastoma gene product (Rb). However, with increasing knowledge of other protein interactions, the derailment of E2F activity could be anticipated to stem from an abnormality of any node in the complex network governing their availability and activity. The present review is intended to provide a perspective on the diversity of biochemical mechanisms underlying abnormal E2F expression and activity, understanding of which may have significant clinical implications.
Effect of iron chelators on the transferrin receptor in K562 cells. (1984)

Delivery of iron to K562 cells by diferric transferrin involves a cycle of binding to surface receptors, internalization into an acidic compartment, transfer of iron to ferritin, and release of apotransferrin from the cell. To evaluate potential feedback effects of iron on this system, we exposed cells to iron chelators and monitored the activity of the transferrin receptor. In the present study, we found that chelation of extracellular iron by the hydrophilic chelators desferrioxamine B, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, or apolactoferrin enhanced the release from the cells of previously internalized 125I-transferrin. Presaturation of these compounds with iron blocked this effect. These chelators did not affect the uptake of iron from transferrin. In contrast, the hydrophobic chelator 2,2-bipyridine, which partitions into cell membranes, completely blocked iron uptake by chelating the iron during its transfer across the membrane. The 2,2-bipyridine did not, however, enhance the release of 125I-transferrin from the cells, indicating that extracellular iron chelation is the key to this effect. Desferrioxamine, unlike the other hydrophilic chelators, can enter the cell and chelate an intracellular pool of iron. This produced a parallel increase in surface and intracellular transferrin receptors, reaching 2-fold at 24 h and 3-fold at 48 h. This increase in receptor number required ongoing protein synthesis and could be blocked by cycloheximide. Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid or desferrioxamine presaturated with iron did not induce new transferrin receptors. The new receptors were functionally active and produced an increase in 59Fe uptake from 59Fe-transferrin. We conclude that the transferrin receptor in the K562 cell is regulated in part by chelatable iron: chelation of extracellular iron enhances the release of apotransferrin from the cell, while chelation of an intracellular iron pool results in the biosynthesis of new receptors.
Lightweight Key Exchange and Stream Cipher based solely on Tree Parity Machines. (2005)

Secure key exchange is considered most critical and complex in this context and of major importance with regard to security. Regarding applications in embedded systems, asymmetric (public-key) group-based cryptosystems based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), the generalization to Hyper-Elliptic Curves (see e.g. [6]) and hardware-specific extensions for efficient arithmetic [7] are stateof-the-art. Without a reduction of the security, these representations allow to reduce the size of the numbers to calculate with. Yet, more complex expressions
A Search for Biologically Active Phytochemicals From Endemic Plants of the Southeastern United States. (1997)

In an investigation of allelopathy in the Florida scrub, bioassays with terpenes were performed against: Lactuca sativa, Rudbeckia hirta, Leptochloa dubia and Schizachyrium scoparium. Cineole was phytotoxic against Rudbeckia at 17 ppm and Lactuca at 165 ppm. (S)-camphor was phytotoxic to Rudbeckia at 1 ppm, Lactuca at 28 ppm, and Leptochloa and Schizachyrium at 134 ppm. (R)-Camphor, myrtenol and myrtenal were phytotoxic against Rudbeckia at concentrations of 28, 25 and 15 ppm respectively. Farnesol stimulated the germination of Schizachyrium at concentrations up to 50 ppm and at 100 ppm it reduced the radicle length of all test species. Geraniol stimulated the germination of Schizachyrium at 10 ppm and reduced germination at concentrations greater than 25 ppm. Aqueous washes of Cladonia subtenuis, C. prostrata and C. leporina did not affect the germination or radicle growth of the test species used in bioassays. Atranorin, isolated from C. prostrata, did not demonstrate any biological activity against the test species; however, usnic acid inhibited germination of all four test species at 50 ppm. In a phytochemical investigation of Euthamia leptocephela and E. tenuifolia, the roots of both species provided the polyacetylenes cis- and trans-dehydromatricaria esters; the triterpenes, epifriedelinol, friedelin, $\beta$-amyrin, $\alpha$-amyrin; and the sesquiterpene curcuphenol. Both species were analyzed for their volatile constituents. Ten monoterpenes and 13 sesquiterpenes were identified with varying distributions in both species. The flowers of both species afforded the known flavanoid demethoxysudachitin and the known diterpene liminodilactone and its 6-$\beta$-hydroxyl derivative and acetate which are new compounds. The MIC values of the three liminodilactone diterpenes, friedelin, and epifriedelinol were $>$125 $\mu$g/ml against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and M. avium. cis-Dehydromatricaria ester had a MIC value of 25 $\mu$g/ml against both M. tuberculosis H37Rv and M. avium. The MIC of usnic acid was 16 $\mu$g/ml against M. tuberculosis H37Rv and $>$125 against M. avium. Curcuphenol had a MIC of 16 against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Liminodilactone, 6-$\beta$-hydroxyliminodilactone and 6-$\beta$-acetoxyliminodilactone did not display any significant inhibition against Spodoptera litura larvae at 100 ppm.
Cytochrome <i>o</i> (<i>bo</i>) is a proton pump in <i>Paracoccus denitrificans</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1989)

Spheroplasts from aerobically grown wild-type Paracoccus denitrificans cells respire with succinate despite specific inhibition of the cytochrome bc1 complex by myxothiazol. Coupled to this activity, which involves only b-type cytochromes, there is translocation of 1.5-1.9 h+/e- across the cytoplasmic membrane. Similar H+ translocation ratios are observed during oxidation of ubiquinol in spheroplasts from aerobically grown mutants of Paracoccus lacking cytochrome c oxidase, or deficient in cytochrome c, as well as in a strain of E. coli from which cytochrome d was deleted. These observations show that the cytochrome o complex is a proton pump much like cytochrome aa3 to which it is structurally related.
EL ROL DEL CAPITAL HUMANO EN LA GENERACIÓN DE VALOR: VARIABLES DETERMINANTES (2013)

A pesar de los adelantos teóricos que relacionan la ejecución del presupuesto de recursos humanos con la inversión en activos intangibles (Abeysekera & Guthrie, 2004; Becker, 1993; Gerhart & Becker, 1996), y el gran esfuerzo realizado por construir herramientas que permitan cuantificar el impacto que la participación y gestión de los recursos humanos tienen en el sistema de valor empresarial, pocos son los estudios que presentan evidencia empírica al respecto, en consideración de los diversos mecanismos organizacionales por los cuales se induce la creación de valor (O. García, 2003). El presente trabajo de investigación se enfoca en el área de recursos humanos; se analiza, en primer lugar, las variables influyentes en la rentabilidad de la inversión en recursos humanos utilizando el concepto de rentabilidad de la inversión en recursos humanos (Fitz-Enz, 2003); posteriormente, y mediante un análisis de correlación paramétrica, se determina la relación que tiene la rentabilidad del recurso humano sobre la generación de valor empresarial medido en el flujo de caja. Se concluye que existe una relación directa entre los resultados de los indicadores de valor y la rentabilidad del recurso humano, haciendo necesario identificar las variables organizacionales que articulan el recurso humano y la rentabilidad empresarial.
An Analysis of Ramjet Engines Using Supersonic Combustion (1958)

From Introduction: "The concept of supersonic combustion is by no means new, although little work appears to have been published on the subject. For example, an analysis of supersonic combustion to provide lift under a wing is given in reference 1. Reference 2 discusses applications to hypersonic ramjets being studied at the University of Michigan."
Design of a Driving Simulation Sound Engine (2007)

This paper describes how an integral part of any interactive simulation is sound. Traditionally this has been done with a high cost proprietary costume hardware/software solution. Recently the author decided upgrade our sound system, and decided to go with a system based on off the shelf PC sound hardware. PC based sound cards have advanced rapidly over the last 10 years. They now offer 3D sound spatialization, reverberation, and many other important functions. Also, a large number of API’s have come out to support sound engine development. The authors choose the software package FMOD by Firelight Technologies and this allowed them to focus on accurate synthesis of the main components of interior car noise (tire/road, engine, wind). The author mostly used a wave table approach. Given this, the authors also decided to record new high quality engine and road/tire sounds. Over all the authors were able to put together an effective sound engine, in a relatively short period of time.
Choices--and Uncertainties--for Women With <i>BRCA</i> Mutations (2003)

The thrill of identifying the BRCA genes came with a big dose of uncertainty where patients were concerned. “When the gene was first discovered, most geneticists were jumping up and down,” recalls Daniel Haber, director of the cancer center at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. “But it wasn't clear what we were going to offer patients.”
Immunological properties of synthetic sugar‐polypeptide conjugates. Effect of N‐Lauroyl‐glucosamine residues on immunogenicity (1971)

Abstract Several mono‐ and disaccharides were tested for their capacity to enhance the immunogenicity of a weakly immunogenic synthetic polypeptide. For this purpose the sugars were attached to the side chains of multichain poly‐ DL ‐alanine as O‐glycosides of serine. Some of the conjugates were essentially non‐immunogenic in rabbits while others, like the unsubstituted polypeptide, were relatively weak immunogens. Antibodies elicited by the latter were directed almost entirely against the serine glycoside residues. Thus, the sugars contributed to the antigenic specificity of the respective conjugate, but were not very efficient in enhancing its immunogenicity. In further experiments, the effect of lipids on the immunogenicity of sugar‐polypeptide conjugates was studied. In addition to the usual sugars, N‐lauroyl‐glucosaminyl‐serine residues were incorporated into the polymers. In all cases, this led to an increase in immunogenicity, which may be due, in part, to the fact that these polymers were highly aggregated. However, in addition to aggregation, a more specific effect of the N‐lauroyl‐glucosamine groups appears to be involved. In most of the polymers the N‐lauroyl‐glucosaminyl‐serine residues also functioned as determinant groups and it could be shown that for the interaction with antibody the fatty acid residue plays an essential role.
Inflammatory disease of the anterior epitympanum. (1991)

A retrospective study of preoperative radiographic surveys obtained in 85 cochlear implant patients was performed. A total of 90 cochlear implant patients were seen at our institution during the last 10 years. In three, the implant was placed at another institution. In two otosclerosis patients, no preimplant radiographic examination was obtained. Meningitis was the cause of deafness in 45 of 90 patients (50 percent); 28 of 40 pediatric age group patients (70 percent), and in 17 of 50 adult patients (34 percent). Thirty-three of 45 postmeningitis patients (73 percent) showed characteristic radiographic signs of sclerosing labyrinthitis or labyrinthitis ossificans. These signs were present in only one other patient who was deaf with unknown cause. Deformity of the inner ear sufficient to explain congenital deafness was noted in three cases; one Mondini deformity and two obliterated base of the cochlea (modiolus). Three otosclerosis patients who had preimplant radiographs, and one congenital syphilis patient showed classic radiographic signs of their respective diseases. Obliteration or stenosis of the round and/or the oval windows were observed in 26 cases drawn from all major etiologic groups. State-of-the-art high resolution, thin-section CT can demonstrate subtle changes that may be the only clue to the cause of deafness. MRI promises to be a useful technique to follow meningitis patients with membraneous labyrinth changes progressing to sclerosing labyrinthitis.
LETECKÉ POSUDKOVÉ LÉKAŘSTVÍ - HISTORIE A ZVLÁŠTNOSTI JEHO ROZVOJE V ÚSTAVU LETECKÉHO ZDRAVOTNICTVÍ (2003)

Autoři podavaji strucný pohled na historii vývoje leteckeho posudkoveho lekařstvi v CSR od prvni poloviny dvacatých let minuleho stoleti do soucasnosti. Letecke posudkove lekařstvi bylo vždy uzce vazano na lecebně-preventivni cinnosti Ustavu leteckeho zdravotnictvi a na poskytovani pece o zdravi leteckemu personalu vojenskeho i civilniho letectva. Hlavni pracovni naplni oboru byl výběr žadatelů o přijeti do leteckeho výcviku a výběr pilotů urcených k přeskoleni na nadzvukovou leteckou techniku. Zabýval se dale problemy casne diagnostiky, leceni, prevence a posuzovani způsobilosti k letecke službě při castějsich a/nebo zavažnějsich onemocněnich, vcetně zakladni a zvlastni dispenzarni pece. Od zacatku 70. let byla s velmi dobrými výsledky řesena problematika přiznavani schopnosti k letecke službě při podavani leků. V teto dekadě se obor rovněž zaměřil na tematiku způsobilosti starnoucich letců. Ke zvlastnostem a prioritam ceskoslovenskeho leteckeho posudkoveho lekařstvi patři usili vynakladane od roku 1956 do dnesni doby na dlouhodobe sledovani vývoje zdravotniho stavu přislusniků leteckeho personalu a na analýzy hlavnich přicin přezkumů ve vojenskem a civilnim letectvi. Koncentrace odborne cinnosti v oboru letecke posudkove cinnosti do jedineho zdravotnickeho zařizeni - Ustavu leteckeho zdravotnictvi - se plně osvědcila jak z ekonomickeho, tak z odborneho hlediska.
Notice of Retraction: PPP Security Mechanism Analysis and Improvement (2010)

This article has been retracted by the publisher.
Effects of cleaning process on the reliability of ultra-fine gap for 3D package (2015)

Fine pitch interconnection is a key stream to accommodate increased I/O applications. This enabling technology provides more I/O in shrunken die area, and hence high density interconnection. However, the majority of studies are focusing on the solder material and failure mode by using various intermetallic compounds (IMC) formation. In order to improve the reliability of the mirco-interconnects, it is indispensable to remove flux residues in the center of the package as clean as possible through washing process to avoid the delamiantions along the interfaces between the u-joint and the underfill. Spin cleaning replace conventional water jet to challenge ultra-fine gap for 3D package. As a result, cleaning procedures with different chemical solvent will major impact to cleaning situation. Several DOEs have been constructed for solvent to increase BGA reliability by optimizing cleaning process. A comparison of flux cleaning process technologies for chip and wafer level interconnection were be discussed. This paper shows methods and comparison of the conveyer, spin clean, water jet for chip level, and spin cleaning for wafer level. In addition, multi reflow (at time zero, 1×, 3×) and thermal cycling test were performed for underfill delamiantion. The detailed influence of u-joint with various bump density on the hydrodynamics was investigated and discussed.
Evaluation of the Mammalian Fauna of Sinop Province (2015)

Sinop ilinin memeli hayvan faunasının belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada, 2012- 2014 yılları arasında Sinop ilindeki farklı habitatlarda arazi ve gözlem çalışmaları yürütülmüştür. Bu araştırmalar sonucunda Sinop ilindeki karasal ve sucul biyotoplarda, yayılış yapması muhtemel 42 memeli türü, tarafımızca belirlenmiştir. Carnivora (11 tür), Chiroptera (10 tür), Rodentia (10 tür), Soricomorpha (4 tür), Artiodactyla (3 tür), Cetacea (2 tür), Lagomorpha (1 tür) ve Erinaceomorpha (1 tür) takımlarına dahildir. Sinop ili memeli hayvan faunası, IUCN kategorilerine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda Sinop ilinde yaşayan yarasa türlerinden, Miniop terus schreibersii (Uzun kanatlı yarasa) NT (tehlike kategorisine en yakın), ve Rhinolop hus mehelyi (Mehelyinin nalburunlu yarasası) VU (hassas) kategorisindedir. Bir Carnivora türü olan Lutra lutra (Su samuru) NT (tehlike kategorisine yakın) kategorisindedir. Diğer memeli türleri LC (düşük riskli, geniş yayılışlı) kategorisindedir. Sinop ilinde endemik memeli türü bulunmamakla birlikte, Cervidae familyasına ait Karaca (Cap reolus cap reolus) Sinop Bozburun Yaban Hayatı Geliştirme Sahasında hedef türüdür.
The Mechanism of the Reaction of 2-Picoline N-Oxide with Acetic Anhydride<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Mechanism of the Reaction of 2-Picoline N-Oxide with Acetic Anhydride1Vincent J. Traynelis and Rocco F. MartelloCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 24, 6590–6593Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01557a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01557a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views360Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Passive anti-amyloid immunotherapy in Alzheimer's disease: What are the most promising targets? (2013)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia in the industrialized world, with prevalence rates well over 30% in the over 80-years-old population. The dementia causes enormous costs to the social healthcare systems, as well as personal tragedies for the patients, families and caregivers. AD is strongly associated with Amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein aggregation, which results in extracellular plaques in the brain, and according to the amyloid cascade hypothesis appeared to be a promising target for the development of AD therapeutics. Within the past decade convincing data has arisen positioning the soluble prefibrillar Aβ-aggregates as the prime toxic agents in AD. However, different Aβ aggregate species are described but their remarkable metastability hampers the identification of a target species for immunization. Passive immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against Aβ is in late clinical development but recently the two most advanced mAbs, Bapineuzumab and Solanezumab, targeting an N-terminal or central epitope, respectively, failed to meet their target of improving or stabilizing cognition and function. Preliminary data from off-label treatment of a small cohort for 3 years with intravenous polyclonal immunoglobulins (IVIG) that appear to target different conformational epitopes indicate a cognitive stabilization. Thus, it might be the more promising strategy reducing the whole spectrum of Aβ-aggregates than to focus on a single aggregate species for immunization.