gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the noise optimum of gigahertz FET transimpedance amplifiers (1987)

The main figure of merit for transimpedance amplifiers used in amplifying photocurrents in fiber-optic systems is the optical sensitivity. This sensitivity is determined by the equivalent input noise current of the amplifier. To obtain the best noise performance, most transimpedance amplifiers with FET input stages are designed using a result that prescribes making the capacitance of the input FET equal to the photodiode capacitance. It is shown here that this is not necessarily the most favorable practice when using FETs in scaled submicrometer technologies because it may compromise the stability of the amplifier. The tradeoff in sensitivity to obtain better stability is examined.
Statistical Independence of Quantum Dot Blinking Signals for Imaging Beyond the Diffraction Limit (2013)

We demonstrate statistical independence of the blinking emission signals of closely-spaced quantum dots in order to prove the applicability of blinking-based superresolution algorithms for fluorescence microscopy.
Fine-mapping of the 5p15.33, 6p22.1-p21.31, and 15q25.1 Regions Identifies Functional and Histology-Specific Lung Cancer Susceptibility Loci in African-Americans (2012)

Results implicate the BAT2, TERT, and CHRNA5 genes in the pathogenesis of specific lung cancer histologies.
Interface energetics and atomic structure of epitaxial La1−xSrxCoO3 on Nb:SrTiO3 (2015)

The energetics at oxide semiconductor/La1−xSrxCoO3 heterojunctions, including the respective alignment of the valence and conduction bands, govern charge transfer and have to be determined for the design of future La1−xSrxCoO3-based devices. In this letter, the electronic and atomic structures of epitaxial La1−xSrxCoO3 on Nb-doped strontium titanate are revealed by scanning transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and in situ x-ray and ultra violet photoelectron spectroscopies. For LaCoO3, a valence band (VB) offset of 2.8 ± 0.1 eV is deduced. The large offset is attributed to the orbital contributions of the Co 3d states to the VB maximum of the LaCoO3 thin films, with no evidence of interface dipole contributions. The sensitivity of the valence band orbital character to spin state ordering and oxygen vacancies is assessed using density functional theory.
Bovine Plasma β-Mannosidase Activity and Its Potential use for β-Mannosidosis Carrier Detection (1992)

Plasma beta-mannosidase activities were determined for Salers cattle from 8 herds as an evaluation of this method for detection of beta-mannosidosis heterozygotes. Several biological factors, such as age, gender, herd, and risk of being a beta-mannosidosis carrier, were considered in this study. The mean enzyme activity for obligate heterozygotes (n = 8) was 55 U/ml (range = 43-65 U/ml), which was 59% of the mean enzyme activity for cattle that were low risk for being a carrier. These data indicate that bovine beta-mannosidosis is characterized by a gene dosage effect. The analytical and biological variation of plasma beta-mannosidase activity that was observed necessitates limiting the test to adult fullblood/purebred Salers cattle within a herd. Plasma beta-mannosidase analysis provides important information for intraherd selection of Salers cattle that are heterozygous for beta-mannosidosis.
Shear Rate Dependent Inhibition of Platelet Adhesion and Aggregation on Collagenous Surfaces by Antibodies to Human Factor VIII/von Willebrand Factor (1980)

The effect of heterologous and homologous antibodies to factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (F.VIII/VWF) and purified VWF on the interaction of human platelets with subendothelium and with a surface consisting of collagen fibrils was investigated using annular flow chambers. Wall shear rates of 200--5200 s-1 were produced by varying the flow rate of the citrated blood which was circulated through these chambers by a pump. Surface coverage with platelets and with platelet aggregates was measured morphometrically. The antibodies had no effect on platelet adhesion at low shear rates. However, an increasing inhibition of adhesion was observed with increasing shear rates. The antibodies to F.VIII/VWF and to purified VWF virtually abolished adhesion at shear rates which are present in the microvascular (1300--5200 s-1). By contrast, antibodies to factor VIII:C which were isolated from two patients with haemophilia A had no effect on adhesion. In addition antibodies to F.VIII/VWF and to purified VWF inhibited adhesion-induced aggregation. We conclude that F.VIII/VWF plays an essential role as shear rates, i.e. when the time available for the establishment of a stable bond between platelets and collagenous surfaces is short.
Infrared Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry (2002)

Performance characteristics of an infrared (IR) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) quadrupole ion trap (QIT) mass spectrometer are presented. Both an IR laser and an ultraviolet (UV) laser have been coupled to the MALDI ion source, allowing for a comparative study of the spectra obtained for the same analyte molecules taken at these two wavelengths. The mass range of the QIT instrument was extended by operating it at a frequency as low as 200 kHz. The results presented for small and medium-size peptides demonstrated a lesser degree of analyte ion fragmentation in the case of the IR-MALDI source compared with that obtained using the UV-MALDI source. Due to the fragmentation phenomenon, the mass resolution for cytochrome C ions(MW12384 Da) was an order of a magnitude higher in the case of IR-MALDI compared with the use of UV-MALDI. This phenomenon has been shown to effect the calibration of the trap instrument for higher masses.
Synthesis of the Apoptosis Inducing Agent Apoptolidin. Assembly of the C(16)−C(28) Fragment (2000)

[reaction--see text] A stereoselective synthesis of the C(16)-C(28) fragment of the apoptosis inducing agent apoptolidin is described. Key steps include two propionate aldol reactions and a stereoselective Mukaiyama aldol addition of enolsilane 19 to beta-methoxy aldehyde 4.
Evaluating and Implementing Commercial Processes for Producing Reliable, Cost-Effective Miniaturized Space Electronics (2001)

commercial processes into the design of space electronics is a desirable, cost-effective way to leverage existing advanced packaging technologies derived from consumer electronics products. Demands for faster, better, lighter, and cheaper products have led to many innovative designs in commercial electronics, most noticeably in the telecommunications sector. But directly employing commercial processes in space applications, although cost-effective, is extremely risky. Therefore, careful studies and planning are critical to ensure the survivability of commercial processes throughout the space mission and full functionality under severe space environments. With many years of experience in developing high-reliability electronics, the APL Space Department began evaluating, qualifying, and developing commercial processes for space applications with chip-on-board (COB) technology. We have successfully demonstrated that our in-house fabrication and coating process can improve existing commercial COB technology to meet the stringent qualifi cations for space environments. Recently, we have focused on advanced interconnect methods such as fl ip chip technology and high-density printed wiring board development with blind and buried micro vias. These ongoing studies have demonstrated great potential for future space applications for both one-of-a-kind and build-to-print production runs.
Adenotonsillectomy Outcomes in Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children: A Multicenter Retrospective Study (2010)

AT leads to significant improvements in indices of sleep-disordered breathing in children. However, residual disease is present in a large proportion of children after AT, particularly among older (>7 yr) or obese children. In addition, the presence of severe OSAS in nonobese children or of chronic asthma warrants post-AT nocturnal polysomnography, in view of the higher risk for residual OSAS.
Reduction factor in photorefractive cubic crystals (1998)

We study the cross-talk between the competing holographic gratings in photorefractive cubic crystal Bi<SUB>12</SUB>SiO<SUB>20</SUB>. The cross-talk technique applies to measure a reduction factor which distinctly appears at low spatial frequency free electron distribution in diffusion regime under conditions so that direct observation of photorefractive gratings can not be performed. We suggest a hypothesis for the reduction factor of the carriers distribution with respect to light modulation is a long-distance photoelectron migration related to a high initial kinetic energy of the free carriers.
Predicted performances of power line communication in aircraft (2012)

The possibility of using power line communication to transmit information in a large aircraft is studied. The communication link, which has been identified and chosen in the frame of the TAUPE European project, is the cabin lighting system since its tree shape and large structure allows covering most of the other possible applications. A statistical theoretical analysis, based on the multiconductor transmission line theory, has been carried out to determine the properties of the channel transfer function. This has been done in two steps: First a simplified network was considered to outline the parameters of the network geometry playing an important role on the path loss, and then by modelling a test bench which will be used as a demonstrator. The PLC link has been modelled for predicting data rate and bit error rate, taking the EMC constraints into account.
Simulation and application of neural network in data mining (2011)

With the enlargement of the data size, it requests high execution efficiency of data mining, and requests it easy to operating. The neural network clustering imitates clustering of brain, it satisfies the request of this aspect. On the basis of analysis and summary of current neural network clustering, researches with some experimental data of simulation, at last gets several meaningful conclusions.
Effects of Pore Morphology on the Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Porous Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Ceramics (2007)

Porous Si3N4 ceramics with different pore morphology have been fabricated, utilizing either organic whiskers or starch as the fugitive agents, through slip-casting and die-pressing technique, respectively. The obtained porous ceramics have rod shaped or equiaxial pore morphology, originated from there two kinds of pore forming agents. The mechanical properties were investigated. The strength decreased considerably when small amount of whiskers were added, however, further increase in the whisker content only cause a moderate decrease of the strength. Gas permeability were measured for the samples with high whisker content of 60 vol% (corresponding to porosity of about 45% in the sintered bodies), and was compared with the counterpart contained the same porosity in which pores were equiaxial. The flexural strength of the samples with these two types of fugitive particles was almost the same, but the permeability of samples with rod-shaped pores were much higher than that with equiaxial pores, which can be understood in terms of a short pass model.
A diamine-grafted metal–organic framework with outstanding CO<sub>2</sub> capture properties and a facile coating approach for imparting exceptional moisture stability (2018)

The MOF exhibited a narrow temperature difference (Δ<italic>T</italic> = 30 °C) upon CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption and desorption. A simple coating of the adsorbent with PDMS allowed for a drastic improvement of moisture stability.
Formation of Micro Solidification Structures of Steels (1975)

Microstructures of steels during unidirectional solidification in zone melting have been investigated by mainly observation of solid/liquid interface.The solidification rate was in the range of 3-60×10-4cm/sec. Fe-C and Fe-S systems were mainly investigated, and the specimen dimension was 35mm in diameter and 600 mm in length.After observations of solidification structures, the formation and stability of solid/liquid interface were discussed theoreticaly under the consideration of solute redistribution and thermal flow.With increase of the supercoal in liquid iron near the interface, solidification front changes from planar to cellular, and finally to dendritic form. Critical conditions for this interface transitions were determined by solute concentration, solidification rate, and temperature gradient. Especially the interfacial tension between solid/liquid iron was intended as a primary foctor for cellular-dendritic transition.The interfacial tension of iron containing carbon was estimated around 200-600 erg/cm2 with measurement of interfacial curvatures.There was a good agreement between experimental observations and theoretical estimations for critical conditions of interface transitions.
Transitional B Lymphocyte Subsets Operate as Distinct Checkpoints in Murine Splenic B Cell Development (2002)

Signaling through the Ag receptor is required for peripheral B lymphocyte maturation and maintenance. Defects in components of the B cell receptor (BCR) signalosome result in developmental blocks at the transition from immature (heat-stable Ag (HSA)(high)) to mature (HSA(low)) B cells. Recent studies have subdivided the immature, or transitional, splenic B cells into two subsets, transitional 1 (T1) and transitional 2 (T2) cells. T1 and T2 cells express distinct surface markers and are located in distinct anatomic locations. In this report, we evaluated the BCR signaling capacity of T1 and T2 B cell subsets. In response to BCR engagement, T2 cells rapidly entered cell cycle and resisted cell death. In contrast, T1 cells did not proliferate and instead died after BCR stimulation. Correlating with these results, T2 cells robustly induced expression of the cell cycle regulator cyclin D2 and the antiapoptotic factors A1/Bfl-1 and Bcl-x(L) and exhibited activation of Akt. In contrast, T1 cells failed to up-regulate these markers. BCR stimulation of T2 cells also led to down-regulation of CD21 and CD24 (HSA) expression, resulting in a mature B cell phenotype. In addition, T2 cells from Bruton's tyrosine kinase-deficient Xid mice failed to generate these proliferative and survival responses, suggesting a requirement for the BCR signalosome specifically at the T2 stage. Taken together, these data clearly demonstrate that T2 immature B cells comprise a discrete developmental subset that mediates BCR-dependent proliferative, prosurvival, and differentiation signals. Their distinct BCR-dependent responses suggest unique roles for T1 vs T2 cells in peripheral B cell selection.
Development of Lightweight Multi-functional Structures with Embedded Electronics for Space Application (2008)

In this paper, a multi-functional structures concept with embedded electronics is proposed to integrate the structural. thermal, electrical functions into a lightweight composite panel with aluminum honeycomb-core and CFRP face-sheet for spacecraft mass and volume savings. The multi-functional composite panel contains compact 'telemetry acquisition' and 'GPS receiver' electronics equipped with the data acquisition, RF front end and micro-processor for spacecraft's temperatures. angular velocities and global position measurement. The power distribution and data transmission are implemented by flexible printed cables and miniaturized connectors, which lead to the elimination of conventional complex wiring harness and bulky connector configuration. A shielding case structure is incorporated into a lightweight sandwich panel. and it provides the space radiation protection and passive thermal conduction capabilities. The radiation shielding effectiveness of the enclosure material is evaluated by the measurement of stopping and range of ions in matters, The proposed multi-functional structures can provide an integrated package including high density electronics and featherweight interfaces, as well as the thermal link and the lightweight load-supporting structure with sufficient radiation protection. This approach will be applied for an advanced small satellite named STSAT-3. which is developed by SaTReC, KAIST, to validate the technology in space.
Development of New Photocatalytic Water Splitting into H<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> using Two Different Semiconductor Photocatalysts and a Shuttle Redox Mediator IO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>/I<sup>-</sup> (2005)

A new type of photocatalytic reaction that splits water into H2 and O2 was designed using a two-step photoexcitation system composed of an iodate/iodide (IO3-/I-) shuttle redox mediator and two different photocatalysts, one for H2 evolution and the other for O2 evolution. Photocatalytic oxidation of water to O2 and reduction of IO3- to I- selectively proceeded with good efficiencies over TiO2-rutile and Pt-WO3 photocatalysts under UV and visible light irradiations, respectively. The O2 evolution selectively proceeded even in the presence of a considerable amount of I- in the solutions, although the oxidation of water is thermodynamically less favorable than oxidation of I-. Both the adsorption property of IO3- anions and the oxidation property of the photocatalysts are doubtless responsible for the selective oxidation of water. On the other hand, photocatalytic reduction of water to H2 and oxidation of I- to IO3- proceeded over Pt-TiO2-anatase and Pt-SrTiO3:Cr/Ta (codoped with Cr and Ta) photocatalysts under UV and visible light, respectively. The combination of two different photocatalysts results in a stoichiometric evolution of H2 and O2 via the redox cycle of IO3- and I-. The photocatalytic water splitting under visible light irradiation (lambda > 420 nm) was demonstrated by using the Pt-SrTiO3:Cr/Ta, Pt-WO3, and IO3-/I- shuttle redox mediator.
Driving energy efficiency with design optimization of a centrifugal fan housing system for variable frequency drives (2012)

Increasing demands for electrical equipment efficiency has renewed interest in improving the electrical and thermal efficiency of industrial equipment. Variable speed drives are typically air-cooled and fall under recent international standards for improved fan efficiency. This paper details the modeling, design optimization, and experimental verification approaches used to optimize blower housing designs for variable speed drives. The design of the blower housing is just as important as the blower selection. By modifying the housing dimensions, the shape and quantity of flow exiting the housing can be controlled. First, the impeller and inlet ring geometry was directly imported into Icepak from a CAD model provided by the manufacturer. Moving Reference Frame and multi-level meshing techniques were used to provide an accurate representation of the air flow. Next, a flow-pressure curve was created by varying the outlet pressure. The blower performance curve was found to follow, but consistently under-predict the empirical fan curve data given by the manufacturer. Using fan laws and a multi-objective optimization approach, a model fan speed that was 2.4% higher than the operating speed was found to make the predicted and manufacturer performance data agree with less than a 3% error. Next, a parametric model of the blower housing was created in Icepak using the tuned blower model. Four parametric variables included the distance from the impeller to the front, bottom, side, and back of the housing was chosen. A fifth variable, pressure was chosen so that the effect of outlet pressure on flow could be extracted. The blower housing was optimized using a Design of Experiments (DoE) technique where the geometry of housing was varied in a structured manner to capture expected second order behavior. The 27-run DoE was performed in Icepak and the volumetric flow through discretized portions of the outlet were recorded. The DoE data for each section of the outlet were fit to equations using a backward regression technique. A genetic algorithm-based optimization technique was used to create housing designs for two different variable frequency drives. Prototypes of the housings were constructed for each design and flow-pressure curves for three samples of each design were measured on a flow bench. The measured curves were found to agree with the predicted blower performance in each housing design to within 7%. Design curves that could be used for other housings were also generated.
Potential Dependence of Preferential Dissolution Behavior of a Duplex Stainless Steel in Simulated Solution inside Crevice (2011)

本研究では，腐食すきま内模擬溶液中で，二相ステンレス鋼の優先溶解挙動と保持電位およびその時の経過時間との関係を調べた．活性態電位領域（－370, －300および－260 mV vs. SCE）に定電位保持した時の電流密度は試験開始後，ある値まで減少し，その後は24時間の試験終了まで経過時間によらずほぼ一定の値を示した．不働態領域（－200 および－150 mV）では，試験開始後数時間で電流密度が大きく減少し，その後は試験終了まで低い値を示した．全電位領域において，定電位保持試験で求めた電流密度の値は，動電位アノード分極曲線から得られた値に比べ，1桁程度小さくなった．活性態領域のうちの卑側の電位（－370 mV）ではフェライト相が，また貴側の電位（－260 mV）ではオーステナイト相が優先溶解し，不働態領域では両相が全体的に不働態溶解することが確認された．この溶解挙動の傾向は，15分間の定電位保持試験と24時間の定電位保持試験とで同一であった．また，活性態領域で定電位保持した場合の溶出金属イオン量の割合は各保持電位における優先溶解相の化学組成に近い値となった．すきま内溶液への溶出金属元素の組成は優先溶解相の化学組成を反映しているものと考えられる．
Type 2 diabetes managed by diet and lifestyle: HbA<sub>1c</sub> can identify significant post‐prandial hyperglycaemia (2012)

Abstract Post‐prandial hyperglycaemia is predictive of cardiovascular disease risk. Therefore, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) recommends that 2‐hour post‐meal glucose should not exceed 7.8mmol/L. There are limited data regarding the extent of post‐prandial hyperglycaemia in those with well‐controlled type 2 diabetes and how this relates to HbA 1c values. Twenty‐nine volunteers with diet‐controlled type 2 diabetes were recruited (mean HbA 1c 50mmol/mol [6.7%], SD 6.5 [0.6]); mean age 62 years [SD 5.8]; mean BMI 31.9kg/m 2 [SD 5.3]), and underwent a three‐day period of continuous glucose monitoring (CGMS) at home. Compared with volunteers with an HbA 1c >48mmol/mol (6.5%), those with an HbA 1c ≤48mmol/mol (6.5%) – mean HbA 1c 54 (7.1%) vs 44.9mmol/mol (6.3%), p<0.0001 – had lower mean 24‐hour glucose levels (8.4 vs 7.2mmol/L, p=0.02), reduced fasting glucose concentrations (8.0 vs 6.6mmol/L, p=0.01), and spent less time with glucose concentrations >8mmol/L (703.1 vs 338.5 min, p=0.01). HbA 1c showed reasonable correlation with time spent with glucose >8mmol/L (r 2 =0.48, p<0.0001). Even volunteers with reasonably well‐controlled, diet‐managed type 2 diabetes spent a large proportion (9/24 hours) of the day with glucose concentrations in excess of 8mmol/L, suggesting that implementation of the IDF guidelines presents a challenge in normal clinical practice. HbA 1c was a good indicator of post‐prandial hyperglycaemia. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons.
A locus for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is closely linked to the cardiac myosin heavy chain genes, CRI-L436, and CRI-L329 on chromosome 14 at q11-q12. (1990)

We report that a gene responsible for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) is closely linked to the cardiac alpha and beta myosin heavy chain (MHC) genes on chromosome 14q11. We have recently shown that probe CRI-L436, derived from the anonymous DNA locus D14S26, detects a polymorphic restriction fragment that segregates with familial HC in affected members of a large Canadian family. Using chromosomal in situ hybridization, we have mapped CRI-L436 to chromosome 14 at q11-q12. Because the cardiac MHC genes also map to this chromosomal band, we have determined the genetic distances between the cardiac beta MHC gene, D14S26, and the familial HC locus. Data presented here show that these three loci are linked within 5 centimorgans on chromosome 14 at q11-q12. The possibility that defects in either the cardiac alpha or beta MHC genes are responsible for familial HC is discussed.