gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Travel-Associated Enteric Infections Diagnosed After Return to the United States, Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), 2004–2009 (2012)

The Latin America and Caribbean region accounts for most travel-associated enteric infections diagnosed in the United States, although travel to Africa carries the greatest risk. Although FoodNet surveillance does not cover enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, a common travel-associated infection, this information about other key enteric pathogens can be used by travelers and clinicians in pre- and posttravel consultations.
Making Civilian Drones Safe: Performance Standards, Self-Certification, and Post-Sale Data Collection (2016)

With millions of small drones in private hands, the FAA continues its struggle to develop an effective regulatory regime to comply with Congress’s mandate to integrate them into the national airspace system. Thousands of individuals and small businesses have obtained authorization from the FAA—"section 333 exemptions"—allowing them to fly their drones commercially. Farmers, TV stations, surveyors, construction-site supervisors, real estate agents, people selling their properties, and managers seeking cheaper and safer ways to inspect their facilities, want to hire the exemption holders, but many are holding back until the FAA clarifies the groundrules.The FAA understands that its traditional approach for testing and licensing pilots, scrutinizing every detail of a new aircraft before it can be flown, and controlling flight operations of helicopters and airplanes have little relevance to the risks presented by small drones. In any event, traditional aviation regulations are unenforceable against tens or hundreds of thousands of drone owners who know nothing about the FAA or the FARs, are not part of the aviation culture, and who fly mainly in their backyards or customers’ parking lots.Ultimately, the agency will be drawn to regulate drones at the point of sale—to say to Amazon: "you can't sell one of these unless it has certain built-in safety capabilities—unless it is law-abiding out of the box.” The FAA acknowledges that the traditional approach to "airworthiness certification,” which costs tens of millions of dollars and takes years is not the answer for a $1,000 DJI Phantom 3.Law-abiding drone performance standards must define performance capabilities rather than engineering details; they must allow manufacturers to self-certify compliance—just as they do with computers, Wi-Fi equipment, automobiles, and trucks. Automatic post-sale data transmission by the drones will permit manufacturers and the FAA to analyze actual behavior, thereby refining their understanding of actual, rather than theoretical, risks, and to determine the reliability of automated safety systems. Lawless drones will be subject to recalls in extreme cases, and designers and manufacturers will pay the price in tort liability for reckless decisionmaking.
Negative obstacle detection from image sequences (2011)

Negative obstacle detection has been a challenging topic. In the previous researches, the distance that negative obstacles can be detected is so near that vehicles have to travel at a very low speed. In this paper, a negative obstacle detection algorithm from image sequences is proposed. When negative obstacles are far from the vehicle, color appearance models are used as the cues of detecting negative obstacles, while negative obstacles get closer, geometrical cues are extracted from stereo vision. Furthermore, different cues are combined in a Bayesian framework to detect obstacles in image sequences. Massive experiments show that the proposed negative obstacle detection algorithm is quite effective. The alarming distance for 0.8 m width negative obstacle is 18m, and the confirming distance is 10 m. This supplies more space for vehicles to slow down and avoid obstacles. Then, the security of the UGV running in the field can be improved remarkably.
Association of AM fungi in the rhizosphere of Thuja orientalis (L) (2013)

Thuja orientalis (L) is used as an ornamental plant as well as medicinal plant in India from prehistoric times and instances were found in various manuscripts revealing its medicinal property against abdominal pain, hook worms, arthritis etc. AMF associated with rhizosphere of Thuja were extensively studied in relation to their population in soil, root-length colonization, histopathological study as well as their diversification. Predominant existence of various species of Glomus, Gigaspora were determined and their spore surface texture was examined using stereo microscope, besides, species of Acaulospora, Scutellospora etc. were also documented. Histopathological studies of host roots showed various types of hyphal network and arbuscules, AMF were tried to identify up to species level with the help of standard keys. The result indicated that the various spp. of AMF have established their colonization in host roots and the host plant have a significant role in root tissue colonization.
Antioxidant properties of polysaccharides from Laetiporus sulphureus in submerged cultures (2012)

Intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) and exopolysaccharides (EPS) are isolated respectively from mycelia and filtrates of submerged culture by Laetiporus sulphureusin a 20-L stirred tank bioreactor with corresponding antioxidant properties investigated. Effective productions of IPS and EPS by submerged cultures of L. sulphureus are available. Number of average molecular weights (Mn) and protein/polysaccharide ratios are 1.29×106 Da and 8.24% for IPS and 3.95×106 Da and 2.38% for EPS. IPS shows an excellent antioxidant property in reducing power and scavenging effect on superoxide anion, whereas EPS has a powerful antioxidant activity in reducing power, chelating effect on ferrous ions and scavenging effect on superoxide anion, as evidenced by their quite low EC50 values below 5 mg/ml. Confirmed by the result is the potential antioxidant application of fermented L. sulphureus polysaccharides in health-promoting functional food and pharmaceutical industries.

	 

	Key words: Laetiporus sulphureus, intracellular polysaccharide, exopolysaccharide, antioxidant activity.
An 8-bit 150-MHz CMOS A/D converter (2000)

This paper describes an 8-bit 5-stage pipelined and interleaved analog-to-digital converter that performs analog processing only by means of open-loop circuits such as differential pairs and source followers to achieve a high conversion rate. The concept of sliding interpolation is proposed to obviate the need for a large number of comparators or interstage digital-to-analog converters and residue amplifiers. The pipelining scheme incorporates distributed sampling between the stages so as to relax the linearity-speed tradeoffs in the sample-and-hold circuits, A clock edge reassignment technique is also introduced that suppresses timing mismatches in interleaved systems, and a punctured interpolation method is proposed that reduces the integral nonlinearity error with negligible speed or power penalty. Fabricated in a 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS technology, the converter achieves differential and integral nonlinearities of 0.62 and 1.24 LSB, respectively, and a signal-to-(noise+distortion) ratio of 43.7 dB at a sampling rate of 150 MHz. The circuit draws 395 mW from a 3.3-V supply and occupies an area of 1.2/spl times/1.5 mm/sup 2/.
探討兩位國中教師發展數學臆測探究教學實務 An Investigation into Two Junior High School Teachers’ Teaching Practice in Developing Mathematics Conjecturing- Inquiry Teaching (2018)

本研究旨於為期超過一個學年的縱貫性追蹤研究，藉由一發展性研究計畫探討兩位個案教師發展數學臆測探究教學歷程。研究蒐集兩位個案教師課室觀察、反思、晤談與學生焦點團體訪談等資料，藉由持續比較分析方法與對於質性資料進行開放性譯碼及主軸譯碼，分析兩個案教師數學臆測探究教學實務之發展脈絡。研究發現，個案教師T1 數學臆測探究教學建立於具有良好社會性數學習常規之學生探究社群，在促進學生學習理解的前提下以策略性佈題協助學生在特殊化、系統化及一般化的脈絡中建構數學知識。另外，個案教師T2 以紀錄、樣式推論、論證三階段建構數學臆測探究教學模式，並在具有良好討論的課室情境裡，協助學生在小組探究中透過特殊化、系統化、一般化、反駁等策略培養數學思考能力。最後，本研究整合兩位個案教師數學測探究教學實務，提出以教學實務研究為基礎之數學臆測探究教學模式。 This paper reports on a longitudinal panel study from a developmental research project aimed at investigating two junior high school mathematics teachers’ teaching practice in developing conjecturing-inquiry teaching over an entire academic year. This study collected qualitative data through classroom observation, in-depth interviews, teachers’ reflections, and students’ focus group interviews. In addition, the data were analyzed by means of open coding, axial coding, and the constant comparative method of analysis. The results revealed that case teacher T1 based his conjecturing-inquiry teaching on the well-established socio-mathematical norms within students’ inquiry community. Furthermore, with the improvement of students’ conceptualization in mind, the teacher used a strategic problem-posing approach to help students construct mathematical knowledge in specialized, systemized and generalized contexts. On the other hand, case teacher T2 built a conjecturing-inquiry teaching model consisting of three phases: keeping records, inferring patterns, and argumentation. In addition, the teacher also maintained a favorable classroom environment for discussion and helped students to develop their mathematical thinking skills in small group inquiry activities, by using strategies such as specialization, systematization, generalization and refutation. Finally, this study integrated the teaching practice of the two case teachers, and put forward a research-based mathematical conjecturing-inquiry teaching model.
Predictors of Axillary Lymph Node Metastases (ALNM) in a Korean Population with T1-2 Breast Carcinoma: Triple Negative Breast Cancer has a High Incidence of ALNM Irrespective of the Tumor Size (2010)

In our study, the tumor size, the presence of lymphovascular invasion, a triple negative profile and a palpable mass were the independent predictive factors for ALNM. The tumor size was the strongest predictor of ALNM. Thus, the exact estimation of the extent of tumor is necessary for clinicians to optimize the patients' care. Patients with a triple negative profile have a high incidence of ALNM irrespective of the tumor size.
Multiresonator Superconducting Band-Pass and Band-Reject Filters (1969)

First Page
Conjugation of cell-penetrating peptides with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-polyethylene glycol nanoparticles improves ocular drug delivery (2015)

In this work, a peptide for ocular delivery (POD) and human immunodeficiency virus transactivator were conjugated with biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PGLA)-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-nanoparticles (NPs) in an attempt to improve ocular drug bioavailability. The NPs were prepared by the solvent displacement method following two different pathways. One involved preparation of PLGA NPs followed by PEG and peptide conjugation (PLGA-NPs-PEG-peptide); the other involved self-assembly of PLGA-PEG and the PLGA-PEG-peptide copolymer followed by NP formulation. The conjugation of the PEG and the peptide was confirmed by a colorimetric test and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Flurbiprofen was used as an example of an anti-inflammatory drug. The physicochemical properties of the resulting NPs (morphology, in vitro release, cell viability, and ocular tolerance) were studied. In vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy was assessed in rabbit eyes after topical instillation of sodium arachidonate. Of the formulations developed, the PLGA-PEG-POD NPs were the smaller particles and exhibited greater entrapment efficiency and more sustained release. The positive charge on the surface of these NPs, due to the conjugation with the positively charged peptide, facilitated penetration into the corneal epithelium, resulting in more effective prevention of ocular inflammation. The in vitro toxicity of the NPs developed was very low; no ocular irritation in vitro (hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane assay) or in vivo (Draize test) was detected. Taken together, these data demonstrate that PLGA-PEG-POD NPs are promising vehicles for ocular drug delivery.
3D Visualization of Compound Knowledge using SOM(Self-Organizing Map) (2011)

본 연구는 복합지식 객체를 기반으로 다차원적인 관계를 쉽게 식별하고 검색할 수 있도록 복합지식의 3D 가시화방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 복합지식을 네트워크 형태의 의미화된 링크와 노드로 구조화하고 3차원 형태로 보여줄 수 있도록 SOM을 이용한 가시화방법을 제안하였다. 또한, 3D 공간상에서 복합지식을 배치하고 사용자에게 제공함으로써 보다 실감적이고 직관적인 정보검색의 기회를 제공하기 위해서 객체 유사도를 이용한 복합지식의 3D 클러스터링 방법을 제안하였다. SOM을 이용한 복합지식의 3D 가시화와 클러스터링은 복합지식의 맥락과 연계성을 시공간에 가시화하는데 최적의 방법이 될 수 있다. This paper proposes 3D visualization method of compound knowledge which will be able to identify and search easily compound knowledge objects based the multidimensional relationship. For this, we structurized a compound knowledge with link and node which become the semantic network. and we suggested 3D visualization method using SOM. Also, to arrange compound knowledge from 3D space and to provide the chance of realistic and intuitional information retrieval to the user, we proposed compound knowledge 3D clustering methods using object similarity. Compound knowledge 3D visualization and clustering using SOM will be the optimum method to appear context of compound knowledge and connectivity in space-time.
Microbial and chemical reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated benzenes. (1993)

The environmental and biological conditions under which chlorinated aromatic compounds, such as PCBs and chlorinated benzenes, undergo microbially-mediated reductive dechlorination are not well understood. The problem is due to our lack of understanding about how microorganisms mediate electron transfer to oxidized chlorinated pollutants in the environment. Since reductive dechlorination requires a source of electrons, organic substrates and nutrients were tested for their ability to enhance the reductive dechlorination of PCBs in anaerobic sediments. In a biomimetic model, with vitamin B$\sb{12}$ as electron transfer mediator, reductive dechlorination of PCBs and chlorinated benzenes was studied. Organic substrates are limiting in some sediments. Reductive dechlorination of PCBs was accelerated by the addition of acetone, methanol or glucose, and to a lesser extent by acetate and butanol, in methanogenic sediment. The rate of meta and para chlorine removal was proportional to the concentration of organic substrate that was added to sediment. Long-term sorption of PCBs to sediments inhibits their reductive dechlorination. Reductive dechlorination of sorbed PCBs was induced by the addition of bioavailable PCBs. In addition, anaerobic degradation of mono and dichlorobiphenyls was observed relative to autoclaved controls. In experiments with deuterated water, the deuterium atom that replaced the chlorine that was lost during dechlorination was derived from water. Corrinoids such as vitamin B$\sb{12}$ may have a role in microbially-mediated reductive dechlorination in the environment. In the biomimetic model system, reductive dechlorination rates of PCB congeners and chlorinated benzenes were dependent on the concentration of the electron donor, electron mediator, and the number and substitution structure of chlorines on the dechlorinating ring. Meta and para chlorines were removed during vitamin B$\sb{12}$ mediated reductive dechlorination of PCBs in a similar pattern to that of microbially-mediated reductive dechlorination of PCBs in anaerobic sediments. Ortho chlorine removal occurred from unique PCB congeners that are not generally found in commercial PCB mixtures. A quantitative correlation was made between chlorine substituent effects and PCB reductive dechlorination rates using the Hammett equation.
How Software Developers Use Tagging to Support Reminding and Refinding (2009)

Developers frequently add annotations to source code to help them remember pertinent information and mark locations of interest for future investigation. Finding and refinding these notes is a form of navigation that is integral to software maintenance. Although there is some tool support in modern development environments for authoring and navigating these comments, we have observed that these annotations often fail to remind and are sometimes difficult to find by the programmer. To address these shortcomings, we have designed a new approach for software navigation called tags for software engineering activities (TagSEA). TagSEA combines the notion of waypointing (a mechanism for marking locations in spatial navigation) with social tagging to support programmers in defining semantically rich annotations to source code comments. The tool provides support for creating, editing, navigating, and managing these annotations. We present the results from two empirical studies, where we observed and then analyzed how professional programmers used source code annotations to support their development activities over 24 months. Our findings indicate that the addition of semantic information to annotations can improve their value. We also provide suggestions on how annotation tools in general may be improved.
Pharmacodynamic Consequences of Administration of VLA-4 Antagonist CDP323 to Multiple Sclerosis Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind Phase 1/2 Study (2013)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00726648.
SARTS-An Overview of Remote Special-Service Testing in the Bell System (1980)

As the telephone system has grown, it has become increasingly complex. Dedicated facilities and equipment began to be offered to customers on a full-time basis. Growth of these types of services, called “special” services, presently exceed message-service growth. Because access to these types of circuits is difficult to achieve without personnel interaction or high capital investment for access relays, automation for remote testing in these services has lagged the switched message network. This paper traces testing evolution in this area and suggests the economic and service pressures that led to the concept of Switched Access Remote Testing (SARTS). We describe SARTS generally, to prepare the reader for the following and future papers that describe hardware and software in detail. The total Special Service Center (SSC) concept provides testing support for installation and maintenance within a structured organization and records and administrative system. The aim is to provide one person with control and testing of a large variety of circuits, on an end-to-end basis.
외기 오존 농도에 따른 반도체 작업환경 및 사무실에서의 오존 농도 변화 연구 (2016)

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ozone exposure levels and the variations in ozone concentration in asemiconductor fabrication facility and office in relation to the ozone concentration in the outdoor air. Methods: This study was performed in an office, semiconductor fabrication facility(such as etching, diffusion, diffusion plenum),and outdoors from June to August, 2015. Measurements were taken six times at the same places using an active sampler(pumped)and real-time equipment. Ozone monitoring by the active sampler method and analysis were carried out by OSHA MethodID-214. Real-time measurement was carried out by ozone measuring equipment using a non-dispersive ultraviolet absorption method. Results: Ozone concentrations in the semiconductor fabrication facility and office were 0.7~7.1 ppb in area samples and0.72~4.07 ppb in real-time measurement, which were 0.88~8.88% of the occupational exposure limit. The concentration of ozonegenerated by a laser printer in the office was less than 2 ppb. There was not a significant difference between ozone concentrations before and after using the laser printer. The indoor/outdoor concentration ratio(I/O ratio) in the semiconductor fabrication facility and office was 0.05 and 0.06, respectively. Conclusions: All the samples contained ozone levels lower than the occupational exposure limit and it was confirmed that the concentration of outdoor ozone had no significant effect on indoor ozone concentration
Towards clinically relevant automatic assessment of upper-limb motor function impairment (2016)

This paper is to develop an automated assessment system of upper-limb motor function impairment for clinical environment. Although we had proposed the system in our previous work, there are some rooms to be improved. Using glove sensor was difficult due to stroke patient's hand contracture. Moreover, it was based on machine learning, and thus required huge effort to collect reference data to increase classification accuracy. To address those issues, three tests of Fugl-Meyer Assessment which were closely related the issues were chosen as target tests. Since Kinect v2 and force-sensing resister can provide hand-related information, the tests were automated without glove sensor. Fuzzy-logic classification table that is based on traditional FMA guidelines was implemented to rate the FMA score without machine learning. With a healthy subject, simple experiments were conducted to evaluate the proposed system with novel classification scheme. The results show a feasibility for more convenient automated assessment of upper-limb motor function impairment.
Statistical theory of probabilistic hazard maps: a probability distribution for the hazard boundary location (2019)

Abstract. The study of volcanic flow hazards in a probabilistic framework centers around systematic experimental numerical modeling of the hazardous phenomenon and the subsequent generation and interpretation of a probabilistic hazard map (PHM). For a given volcanic flow (e.g., lava flow, lahar, pyroclastic flow, ash cloud), the PHM is typically interpreted as the point-wise probability of inundation by flow material. In the current work, we present new methods for calculating spatial representations of the mean, standard deviation, median, and modal locations of the hazard's boundary as ensembles of many deterministic runs of a physical model. By formalizing its generation and properties, we show that a PHM may be used to construct these statistical measures of the hazard boundary which have been unrecognized in previous probabilistic hazard analyses. Our formalism shows that a typical PHM for a volcanic flow not only gives the point-wise inundation probability, but also represents a set of cumulative distribution functions for the location of the inundation boundary with a corresponding set of probability density functions. These distributions run over curves of steepest probability gradient ascent on the PHM. Consequently, 2-D space curves can be constructed on the map which represents the mean, median, and modal locations of the likely inundation boundary. These curves give well-defined answers to the question of the likely boundary location of the area impacted by the hazard. Additionally, methods of calculation for higher moments including the standard deviation are presented, which take the form of map regions surrounding the mean boundary location. These measures of central tendency and variance add significant value to spatial probabilistic hazard analyses, giving a new statistical description of the probability distributions underlying PHMs. The theory presented here may be used to aid construction of improved hazard maps, which could prove useful for planning and emergency management purposes. This formalism also allows for application to simplified processes describable by analytic solutions. In that context, the connection between the PHM, its moments, and the underlying parameter variation is explicit, allowing for better source parameter estimation from natural data, yielding insights about natural controls on those parameters.
Angle-suppressed scattering and optical forces on submicrometer dielectric particles (2010)

We show that submicrometer silicon spheres, whose polarizabilities are completely given by their two first Mie coefficients, are an excellent laboratory to test effects of both angle-suppressed and resonant differential scattering cross sections. Specifically, outstanding scattering angular distributions, with zero forward- or backward-scattered intensity, (i.e., the so-called Kerker conditions), previously discussed for hypothetical magnetodielectric particles, are now observed for those Si objects in the near infrared. Interesting new consequences for the corresponding optical forces are derived from the interplay, both in and out of resonance, between the electric- and magnetic-induced dipoles.