gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plant‐Plant Interactions (1984)

Higher plants show three types of biochemical adaptation which enable them to combat pathogenic organisms in the form of lower plants. Firstly they may synthesize antibacterial or antifungal compounds in concentrations that prevent the invasion of the higher plant by the bacteria or fungi. Secondly they may synthesize such compounds in less than adequate amounts for defence in healthy tissues but respond to invasion by increasing the synthesis; and, thirdly, they may respond to invasion by synthesizing antibacterial or antifungal compounds de novo. Higher plants also show biochemical adaptations that enable them to compete with individuals of the same or different higher plant species. These include the synthesis of volatile and water-soluble phytotoxins which suppress the germination, growth, or both, of competitors.
The development of the micro-solid propellant thruster array with improved repeatability (2012)

This paper presents the development of a micro-solid propellant thruster array with improved repeatability. The repeatability and low performance variation of each thruster unit with a high ignition success rate is essential in micro-solid propellant thruster array. To date, the study on the improvement of the repeatability has not yet been reported. As the first step for this study, we propose a new type of micro igniter, using a glass wafer called the heater-contact micro igniter. This igniter is also designed to improve the ignition characteristics of a glass-based micro igniter. The prototype of the igniter array is designed and fabricated to establish its fabrication process and to conduct its performance evaluation. Through the firing test, the performance of the heater-contact micro igniter is verified. The 5 × 5 sized micro-solid propellant thruster array is designed and fabricated applying the developed heater-contact igniter. The measured average thrust of each thruster unit is 2.542 N, and calculated standard deviation is 0.369 N. The calculated average total impulse and its standard deviation are 0.182 and 0.04 mNs, respectively. Based on these results, the improvement of repeatability is verified. Finally, the ignition control system of the micro-thruster array is developed.
Role of Cellular Structures in Viral RNA Replication (2014)

During their replication cycles many viruses extensively affect host cell morphology. Pathologists diagnosed viral diseases on the basis of morphological characteristics of the diseased tissue long before the nature and biology of vimses were known. The take-off of modern experimental virology was the observation by Enders that in cultured cells poliovims (PV) induces morphological alterations, termed cytopathic effect (CPE). Subsequently, CPE could be used as an easy marker for virus replication in cell cultures. Picornaviruses, with the possible exception of hepatitis A virus (HAV), induce cell alterations that culminate ultimately in cell death. Picornavirus-induced cell alterations and cell destruction are directly coupled to viral replication. This was also demonstrated in coxsackievirus-infected muscles of mice where viral RNA replication located to the foci of gradual destruction of the contractile material. Expression of individual viral proteins in HeLa cells also pointed to the viral protein 2BC as the protein responsible for triggering the vesicle formation process, possibly assisted by protein 3A. Recent experiments visualized the vesicle budding process at the ER and demonstrated that the formation of vesicles is part of the anterograde transport. For PV RNA replication, translation of an individual RNA molecule has to be down-regulated to allow for transcription. The proposed mechanism for this switch consists of an enhanced 3CD-mediated binding of the cellular poly(rC)-binding protein to the 5∇-cloverleaf structure of plus-strand viral RNA.
Medical Treatment of Noncicatricial Alopecia (2006)

Androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, and telogen effluvium are the primary nonscarring alopecias found in clinical practice. Androgenetic alopecia is considered to be the most common form of human alopecia and is postulated to affect more than 50% of men by age 50. Alopecia areata affects up to 2% of the U.S. population. Telogen effluvium frequently occurs after major life events, such as a severe illness, childbirth, or high fever, and may be associated with the use of certain medications or iron deficiency, particularly in women. The focus of this review is on the medical treatment of these common hair loss conditions.
Boronic Acid Functionalized Aza-Bodipy (azaBDPBA) based Fluorescence Optodes for the Analysis of Glucose in Whole Blood (2015)

A near-infrared fluorescent dye (aza-bodipy or azaBDPBA) functionalized with boronic acid groups was synthesized for the preparation of optodes to measure glucose in 40-fold diluted whole blood. Boronic acid groups as an electron deficient group on aza-bodipy was reacted with hydrogen peroxide into an electron-rich phenolic group leading to the red-shift of emission wavelength from 682 to 724 nm. The emission in near-infrared region offered a low level of background interference from whole blood. Also, the dual-wavelength emission guaranteed our probe to measure glucose in whole blood accurately after the conversion of glucose into hydrogen peroxide using glucose oxidase. The measuring range of glucose from 0.2 to 200 mM in the buffer was achieved with high selectivity. To facilitate the blood test, the probe was immobilized into thin hydrophobic polymer films to prepare the disposal glucose optode, which could detect glucose in the solution from 60 μM to 100 mM. The concentration of glucose in 40-fold diluted whole blood was determined using our optode and the reference method, respectively. The consistence in the concentration obtained from these two assays revealed that our azaBDPBA-based optodes were promising for the clinic assay of glucose in the whole blood.
Lysosomal exoglycosidases in serum and urine of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. (2010)

Lysosomal exoglycosidases: N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase (HEX), β-D-galactosidase (GAL), α-L-fucosidase (FUC) and α-D-mannosidase (MAN) modify oligosaccharide chains of glycoconjugates in endoplasmatic reticulum and/or Golgi apparatus and degrade them in lysosomes. In acid environment of lysosome, exoglycosidases degrade oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins, glycolipids and glycosaminoglycans by eliminating single sugars from the edges of oligosaccharide chains. Neoplasms change biochemical processes in tissues and may significantly change the activity of many enzymes including the activity of lysosomal exoglycosidasses in serum and urine of persons with neoplasmatic diseases. The aim of the present paper was evaluation the activity of HEX, GAL, FUC and MAN in serum and urine of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Serum and urine samples were collected from 15 patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and 15 healthy persons. The activity of lysosomal exoglycosidases was determined by the method of Marciniak et al. adapted to serum and urine of patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Our results indicate significant decrease in activity of GAL (p=0.037) in serum of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, significant increase in activity of HEX (p<0.001) and FUC (p=0.027) in serum, and HEX (p=0.003) in urine, as well as significant decrease of FUC (p=0.016) and MAN (p=0.029) in urine o patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, in comparison to the control group. Increase in activity of some lysosomal enzymes in serum and urine of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients, may indicate on destruction of pancreatic tissue by pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Determination of the HEX, GAL, FUC and MAN in serum and urine may be useful in diagnostics of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Erratum: “Full band Monte Carlo investigation of electron transport in strained Si grown on Si1−xGex substrates” [Appl. Phys. Lett. <b>70</b>, 2144 (1997)] (1997)

First Page
Towards Energy-Efficient Systems for Artificial Intelligence in the Future (2020)

Cognitive Robotics & Machine Learning powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI) are now playing significant roles in various domains. The rapid development of AI is propelled by three crucial components: large-scale data, AI algorithms, and computation circuits and systems. The circuits and systems provide fundamental computation capability for analyzing data and executing algorithms. Specific and heterogeneous circuits and systems are propping up current AI computation capability. However, with the volume of data becoming larger and larger, and the slowing down of Moore's Law, currently circuits and systems for AI is now facing great challenges in the future. From the data perspective, large-scale data are organized using sparse structures including graphs, networks, time series, and spiking signals. However, nowadays circuits and systems are highly structured, which are far away from analyzing and handling large-scale sparse data efficiently. From the algorithm perspective, collaborative intelligence becomes a promising way to surpassing the computation capability limitation of a single node, while currently the performance of collaborative intelligence algorithms is constrained by limited communication resources, complex data dependency, and lacking automation tools.To overcome these problems and provide energy-efficient circuits and systems to propel future AI, the structured sparse design and collaborative perception/decision methods will be introduced. The hardware-software co-design idea is introduced in the structured sparse design to map and process unstructured sparse data on current structured circuits and systems efficiently. While the variable center framework is adopted in the collaborative intelligence systems to realize collaborative perception/decision by multiple agents. All these designs will propel the development of AI in various domains in the future, including autonomous driving, recommendation systems, and etc.
Intermittent and continuous automatic train protection: Railway signalling and control systems course 2006 (2006)

In contrast to road traffic, where the driver of the individual vehicle has the responsibility for guiding his car, rail traffic is externally controlled. This is true for the lateral guidance where the train has to follow the track forced by the rim or the wheels, and the longitudinal movement, where signals impose stopping points on the driver. A signalling system has to be used, as reaction on time is not possible when a driver sees an obstacle. In rail systems, braking distances are too long to rely on driver's vigilance. All systems described derive their information from the line side signalling system and in almost all systems the commands transmitted to the driver have to be identical to or more restrictive than those given by the line side signals. Especially for high density traffic, the existing block system on railway lines is not always adequate and some form of enhanced, or even moving, block can be introduced to further enhance capacity utilisation. In these cases, ATP/ATC partially or totally replaces line side signals with in-cab signalling and has to have priority over the lateral signalling system. Thus modern ATP/ATC systems can offer operational advantages over conventional signalling systems and at the same time can reduce cost. This paper discusses what now should be called traditional or conventional ATP and ATC systems and ERTMS/ETCS. With the exception of a brief mention of ERTMS/ETCS level 3, it does not discuss transmission based or communications based signalling systems.
Secreted bacterial RNA: an unexplored avenue (2018)

Gradually, it is becoming clear that our well-being depends significantly on the contribution and composition of microorganisms that are associated with us. The majority of human-associated microorganisms are bacteria, which maintain their niche through interactions with the human host and neighboring microorganisms. Secretory products contribute largely to maintaining their position in a complex ecosystem. The role of bacterial-released secreted RNA (seRNA) is mostly unexplored, and the study on seRNA will open a new branch in science. There are observations that have demonstrated the functional potential of seRNA, but more investigations are required to cover the entire path from their origin to function.
Cell therapy demonstrates promise for acute respiratory distress syndrome - but which cell is best? (2013)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) constitutes a spectrum of increasingly severe acute respiratory failure and is the leading cause of death and disability in the critically ill. There are no therapies for ARDS, and management remains supportive. Cell therapy, particularly with allogeneic mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for ARDS, favorably modulating the immune response to reduce lung injury, while facilitating lung regeneration and repair. In this issue of the journal, Rojas and colleagues provide us with a rationale to consider autologous bone marrow-mononuclear cells as an alternative to MSCs for this devastating disease.
A Novel Automation-Assisted Cervical Cancer Reading Method Based on Convolutional Neural Network (2019)

While most previous automation-assisted reading methods can improve efficiency, their performance often relies on the success of accurate cell segmentation and hand-craft feature extraction. This paper presents an efficient and totally segmentation-free method for automated cervical cell screening that utilizes modern object detector to directly detect cervical cells or clumps, without the design of specific hand-crafted feature. Specifically, we use the state-of-the-art CNN-based object detection methods, YOLOv3, as our baseline model. In order to improve the classification performance of hard examples which are four highly similar categories, we cascade an additional task-specific classifier. We also investigate the presence of unreliable annotations and cope with them by smoothing the distribution of noisy labels. We comprehensively evaluate our methods on test set which is consisted of 1,014 annotated cervical cell images with size of 4000*3000 and complex cellular situation corresponding to 10 categories. Our model achieves 97.5% sensitivity (Sens) and 67.8% specificity (Spec) on cervical cell image-level screening. Moreover, we obtain a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 63.4% on cervical cell-level diagnosis, and improve the Average Precision (AP) of hard examples which are valuable but difficult to distinguish. Our automation-assisted cervical cell reading method not only achieves cervical cell image-level classification but also provides more detailed location and category information of abnormal cells. The results indicate feasible performance of our method, together with the efficiency and robustness, providing a new idea for future development of computer-assisted reading system in clinical cervical screening.
Security Analysis on One-to-Many Order Preserving Encryption-Based Cloud Data Search (2015)

For ranked search in encrypted cloud data, order preserving encryption (OPE) is an efficient tool to encrypt relevance scores of the inverted index. When using deterministic OPE, the ciphertexts will reveal the distribution of relevance scores. Therefore, Wang et al. proposed a probabilistic OPE, called one-to-many OPE, for applications of searchable encryption, which can flatten the distribution of the plaintexts. In this paper, we proposed a differential attack on one-to-many OPE by exploiting the differences of the ordered ciphertexts. The experimental results show that the cloud server can get a good estimate of the distribution of relevance scores by a differential attack. Furthermore, when having some background information on the outsourced documents, the cloud server can accurately infer the encrypted keywords using the estimated distributions.
Forecasting of river flow data with a general regression neural network (2001)

This paper proposes a simple one-parameter neural network model, General Regression Neural Network (GRNN), for forecasting chaotic time series. The approach employs the theory of phase-space to reconstruct the evolution trajectory of motion, which is used as the input. In contrast to the nonlinear prediction method (NLP), where the weight of the projected state is the same, the GRNN uses unequal weights. The nearer projected state is weighted heavier than the remotely projected state, a reasonable approximation in the phase-space. The performance of the GRNN is first verified on an artificial chaotic time series and then on a real hydrological time series. The results indicate that GRNN's performance is comparable to that of NLP.
The Nile: A General Account of the River and the Utilization of Its Waters. (1953)

Journal Article The Nile : a general account of the river and the utilization of its waters Get access The Nile : a general account of the river and the utilization of its waters. By H. E. Hurst. London, Constable, 1952. xv+326 pp. Illus. Map endpapers. Charts. Tables. Index. 834′​′×512′​′⁠. 30s. W. N. A. W. N. A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 29, Issue 1, January 1953, Page 115, https://doi.org/10.2307/2606644 Published: 01 January 1953
Webinar como estrategia de formación online: descripción y análisis de una experiencia Webinar as strategy online training: description and analysis of an experience (2014)

En este articulo se ofrece una conceptualizacion del webinar como una estrategia de formacion entre expertos utilizando las herramientas o recursos tecnologicos disponibles en la red. Asimismo, se describe y analiza una experiencia de organizacion de un webinar realizada durante el periodo abril-junio de 2013 por el grupo de investigacion EDULLAB (Laboratorio de Educacion y Nuevas Tecnologias) de la Universidad de La Laguna como parte de las acciones formativas de la Red Universitaria de Investigacion e Innovacion Educativa REUNI+D. Se ofrecen resultados de la valoracion de los participantes obtenidos a traves de una encuesta online. Se concluye que el webinar es una estrategia con alto potencial para la formacion entre iguales y el desarrollo de comunidades de practica profesional utilizando las TIC.AbstractThis article provides a conceptualization of the webinar as a training strategy between experts using tools or technological resources available in the network. It also describes and analyzes the experience of organizing a webinar conducted during April-June 2013 by the research group EDULLAB (Laboratory of Education and New Technologies) at the University of La Laguna as part of the training of the University Network for Educational Research and Innovation REUNI + D. We offer results of the participants opinion obtained through an online survey. We conclude that the webinar is a strategy with high potential for peer training and development of communities of practice with ICT.
Photovoltaic minimodule based on CdTe (2006)

CdS/CdTe solar cells were fabricated without antireflection coatings by successive growth without intermediate processing from the close space sublimation of CdS and CdTe thin layers on conductive and transparent SnO2/glass substrates. At 300 K and 100 mW/cm2 the following best photoelectric parameters were obtained: Isc= (18-19)mA/cm2 and Voc=(0,80-0,82)V. The conversion efficiency is around 10%. The quantum efficiency (QE) in the 510 nm and 845 nm range of wavelengths is on the order of 80-85%. The minimodule fabricated on the basis of the CdTe cells shows power of 0.45 W, corresponding to a voltage of 3 V, and current of 150 mA.
A comparative study of radioprotection by Ocimum flavonoids and synthetic aminothiol protectors in the mouse. (1998)

The radioprotective effects of two flavonoids, orientin (Ot) and vicenin (Vc), obtained from the leaves of Ocimum sanctum, and the synthetic compounds WR-2721 and MPG (2-mercaptopropionyl glycine) have been compared by examining chromosome aberration in cells of bone marrow in irradiated mice. Healthy adult Swiss mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 50 micrograms kg-1 body weight of Ot or Vc; 20 mg kg-1 of MPG; 150 mg kg-1 of WR-2721 or double distilled water (DDW). They were exposed to whole body irradiation of 2.0 Gy gamma radiation 30 min later. After 24 h, chromosomal aberrations were studied in the bone marrow of the femur by routine metaphase preparation after colchicine treatment. Radiation (2 Gy) increased the number of aberrant cells from less than 1% in controls to almost 20%. Pre-treatment with all the protective compounds resulted in a significant reduction in the percentage of aberrant metaphases as well as in the different types of aberration scored. Vc produced the maximum reduction in percent aberrant cells while MPG was the least effective; Ot and WR-2721 showed an almost similar effect. However, WR-2721 was the most effective against reduction of complex an almost similar effect. However, WR-2721 was the most effective against reduction of complex aberrations, followed by Vc. Neither flavonoids had any systemic toxicity, even at 200 mg kg-1 body weight. Considering the low dose needed for protection and the high margin between the effective and toxic doses, the ocimum flavonoids may be promising for human radiation protection.
Thermal Modeling of the Normal Woman’s Breast (1984)

A comprehensive thermal model of the normal woman's breast is presented. The model is developed taking into consideration metabolic heat production, tissue perfusion with capillary blood, arterial and venous blood thermal interaction and change of arterial blood temperature with position. A series of computer programs are written using a 3-dimensional finite-element technique to evaluate the surface temperature distribution of the breast. Comparison between the results obtained for the model and those from thermograms of a woman's breast are in good agreement.
Deep Learning for Anomaly Detection (2019)

Anomaly detection is an important problem that has been well-studied within diverse research areas and application domains. Anomaly detection or outlier detection is an unsupervised learning task of discerning unusual samples in data. While there are several classical algorithms for anomaly detection, these algorithms require explicit feature engineering and domain knowledge. Another common limitation among these classical methods is their computational scalability. The recent years have witnessed a rapid proliferation of deep neural networks, with unprecedented results in tasks as diverse as visual, speech. In spite of the great progress made by deep learning methods in these domains, there is a relative dearth of deep learning approaches for outlier detection. This thesis investigates how best to leverage deep neural networks for the task of anomaly detection. Firstly we propose the deep and robust autoencoder which learns a nonlinear subspace that captures the majority of data points. We show that this technique yields noticeable improvements in anomaly detection performance on complex real-world image data, where a linear projection cannot capture sufficient structure in the data. Secondly, for the task of detecting anomalous collections of individual data points, in particular for group anomaly detection (GAD), we take a generative approach by proposing deep generative models: Adversarial autoencoder (AAE) and variational autoencoder (VAE) for group anomaly detection. The empirical results on real-world data-sets demonstrate that our approach is effective and robust in detecting group anomalies. We also propose a One-class neural network (OC- NN) model to detect anomalies in complex data sets. OC-NN combines the ability of deep networks to extract a progressively rich representation of data with the one-class objective of creating a tight envelope around normal data in order to separate anomalous points.