gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of MILIONCAST, an Improved Model for Predicting Downy Mildew Sporulation on Onions (2004)

The effects of temperature and relative humidity on Peronospora destructor sporulation on onion (Allium cepa) leaves were studied under controlled environmental conditions. Sporangia were produced most rapidly at 8 to 12°C after 5 h of high humidity during dark periods. The greatest number of sporangia was produced at 100% relative humidity (RH), and sporulation decreased to almost nil when humidity decreased to 93% RH. A model, named MILIONCAST (an acronym for MILdew on onION foreCAST), was developed based on the data from these controlled environment studies to predict the rate of sporulation in relation to temperature and relative humidity. The accuracy of prediction of sporulation was evaluated by comparing predictions with observations of sporulation on infected plants in pots outdoors. The accuracy of MILIONCAST was compared with the accuracy of existing models based on DOWNCAST. MILIONCAST gave more correct predictions of sporulation than the DOWNCAST models and a random model. All models based on DOWNCAST were more accurate than the random model when compared on the basis of all predictions (including positive and negative predictions), but they gave fewer correct predictions of sporulation than the random model. De Visser's DOWNCAST and ONIMIL improved their accuracy of prediction of sporulation events when the threshold humidity for sporulation was reduced to 92% RH. The temporal pattern of predicted sporulation by MILIONCAST generally corresponded well to the pattern of sporulation observed on the outdoor potted plants at Wellesbourne, UK.
Efficient Simulation of One-Dimensional Quantum Many-Body Systems (2004)

We present a numerical method to simulate the time evolution, according to a generic Hamiltonian made of local interactions, of quantum spin chains and systems alike. The efficiency of the scheme depends on the amount of entanglement involved in the simulated evolution. Numerical analysis indicates that this method can be used, for instance, to efficiently compute time-dependent properties of low-energy dynamics in sufficiently regular but otherwise arbitrary one-dimensional quantum many-body systems. As by-products, we describe two alternatives to the density matrix renormalization group method.
The Mechanism of the Reimer-Tiemann Reaction<sup>1</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Mechanism of the Reimer-Tiemann Reaction1Jack Hine and James M. Van Der VeenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 24, 6446–6449Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01533a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01533a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views856Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Brain edema induced by <i>in vitro</i> ischemia: causal factors and neuroprotection (2003)

Decreased cerebral blood flow, hence decreased oxygen and glucose, leads to ischemic brain injury via complex pathophysiological events, including excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased intracellular Ca2+, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Each of these could also contribute to cerebral edema, which is the primary cause of patient mortality after stroke. In vitro brain slices are widely used to study ischemia. Here we introduce a slice model to investigate ischemia-induced edema. Significant water gain was induced in coronal slices of rat brain by 5 min of oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) at 35 degrees C, with progressive edema formation after return to normoxic, normoglycemic medium. Edema increased with increasing injury severity, determined by OGD duration (5-30 min). Underlying factors were assessed using glutamate-receptor antagonists (AP5/CNQX), blockade of mitochondrial permeability transition [cyclosporin A (CsA) versus FK506], inhibition of Na+/Ca2+ exchange (KB-R7943), and ROS scavengers (ascorbate, Trolox, dimethylthiourea, Tempol). All agents except KB-R7943 and FK506 significantly attenuated edema when applied after OGD; KB-R7943 was effective when applied before OGD. Significantly, complete prevention of ischemia-induced edema was achieved with a cocktail of AP5/CNQX, CsA and Tempo applied after OGD, which demonstrates the involvement of multiple, additive mechanisms. The efficacy of this cocktail further shows the potential value of combination therapies for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
Failure mechanisms in AlGaAs/GaAs power heterojunction bipolar transistors (1996)

We report the failure mechanisms resulting in the second breakdown characteristics found in AlGaAs/GaAs power heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). The dominant failure mechanism is identified to be the increasingly larger base-collector leakage current at elevated junction temperatures. This failure mechanism is compared with those found in silicon bipolar transistors.
Phytoplankton growth rates in the Atlantic subtropical gyres (2005)

Reported estimates of phytoplankton growth rate (µ) in the subtropical gyres range widely from 0.1–0.2 to 1–2 d−1. Dividing chlorophyll a (Chl a)-normalized photosynthesis (PB) by the phytoplankton carbon (C) to Chl a ratio (C : Chl a) yields an estimate of phytoplankton µ. To reduce the current uncertainty regarding phytoplankton µ in the subtropical gyres, I have reviewed >230 determinations of Chl a-normalized photosynthesis (PB) and >40 determinations of phytoplankton C: Chl a obtained in surface waters of the eastern North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre (NAST-E), the western NAST (NAST-W), and the South Atlantic Tropical Gyre (SATL). Means (95% confidence intervals) of µ were 0.26 (0.19–0.36), 0.51 (0.42–0.62), and 0.17 (0.13–0.22) d-1 at NAST-E, NAST-W, and SATL, respectively. These values are all significantly lower than the expected maximum µ for phytoplankton living in the warm, surface waters of the subtropical ocean. Thus, phytoplankton growth rates, and not only their biomass, seem to be nutrient-limited in the oligotrophic ocean. A low phytoplankton µ in the open ocean is consistent with our knowledge of the relationship between elemental composition of the cells and their physiological state and agrees with other ecological and biogeochemical observations in the subtropical gyres.
Report from the Joint W3C/IETF URI Planning Interest Group: Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs), URLs, and Uniform Resource Names (URNs) (2002)

This document, a product of the W3C Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) Interest Group, addresses and attempts to clarify issues pertaining to URIs. This document addresses how URI space is partitioned and the relationship between URIs, URLs, and URNs, describes how URI schemes and URN namespaces ids are registered, and presents recommendations for continued work on this subject.
Interferometric imaging of the full thickness of the precorneal tear film (2006)

A method is described for recording interference images from the full thickness of the precorneal tear film (PCTF). Simultaneous images are recorded by two video cameras. One camera responds to broadband spectral illumination and records interference from the superficial lipid layer of the tear film. The other camera uses narrowband illumination and records interference from both the lipid layer and the full thickness of the PCTF. Thus the full-thickness interference fringes are derived from the difference between, or ratio of, narrowband broadband images. This method has the potential for evaluating the role of both tear film flow and evaporation in tear film thinning and breakup. It therefore may be applied to the analysis of dry eye disease.
From Silos to Synergy (2011)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Before the advent of the Internet, media planning focused on individual media and used exposure—opportunity to see—as the criterion of effectiveness. Since then, the focus has shifted to the interaction between media (particularly on- and offline media) with a shift in emphasis to opportunity to act and to sales and ROI measures of effectiveness. This article traces the move from silos to synergy over a 50-year period, much of it reported in the <i>Journal of Advertising Research</i>. After 1994, the concept of synergy came to be increasingly identified with interactive media effects. Most notably, a few researchers saw the importance of tying cross-media effects to sales and ROI because, as one study found, media allocation criteria differ under conditions of synergy compared to the traditional silo framework for budgetary decisions. Although much has been accomplished as described herein, the promise of cross-media research has yet to be achieved. Interactive media studies have tended to focus on limited paired media comparisons. Key areas of synergistic effects such as the distinction between sequential and simultaneous media exposure have yet to be explored. And only two studies could be cited that sought to utilize cross-media effects to establish media allocation criteria based on the association of media interactions to ROI. Of most importance is the lack of reliable measures of cross-media effects. Ideally, single-source systems would measure multi-media exposure and purchase behavior for the same respondent. The data burden placed on respondents, however, makes such systems difficult to implement. The technology resulting in the proliferation of media has outstripped the means to measure cross-media effectiveness. Until adequate measures of interactive media effects are developed, cross-media research will not reach its full potential.
On the inversion of complex magnetic resonance signals (2003)

It is known that the phase shift caused by electrically conductive subsurface makes the magnetic resonance signal complex (Legchenko, et al., 1990). Obviously, inversion of the complex signal may provide more information about the subsurface in comparison with inversion of only amplitudes currently available (Legchenko and Shushakov, 1998). Recently, an effort was made to improve the mathematical model used for interpreting MRS measurements.
Hunt is passing the buck and fudging the numbers (2013)

Figures uncovered by the Labour Party in the past few days reveal that 17 NHS trusts have been operating with dangerously low staffing levels. The information was extracted from recent Care Quality Commission (CQC) inspection reports and paint a depressing picture for patients and staff.
Energy-Efficient Deep CNN for Smoke Detection in Foggy IoT Environment (2019)

Smoke detection in Internet of Things (IoT) environment is a primary component of early disaster-related event detection in smart cities. Recently, several smoke and fire detection methods are presented with reasonable accuracy and running time for normal IoT environment. However, these methods are unable to detect smoke in foggy IoT environment, which is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient system based on deep convolutional neural networks for early smoke detection in both normal and foggy IoT environments. Our method takes advantage of VGG-16 architecture, considering its sensible stability between the accuracy and time efficiency for smoke detection compared to the other computationally expensive networks, such as GoogleNet and AlexNet. Experiments performed on benchmark smoke detection datasets and their results in terms of accuracy, false alarms rate, and efficiency reveal the better performance of our technique compared to state-of-the-art and verifies its applicability in smart cities for early detection of smoke in normal and foggy IoT environments.
The Universal Validity of the Conceptions of Artistic Creativity and the Perception of Beauty in Pre-modern China: A Comparative Examination (2018)

In contemporary aesthetics, artistic creativity and the perception of beauty are the key concepts in explaining aesthetic consciousness. From the birth of modern aesthetics, an underlying assumption has been that artistic creativity and the perception of beauty are each genuinely universal in human experience, which is worthy of particular attention. To examine the universal validity of Western aesthetic claims on these two distinctive subjects, this paper presents a very brief outline of pre-modern Chinese interpretations of both concepts. Specifically, in comparison to Kant’s concept of genius and aesthetic judgment, I draw two conclusions. First, although there was no concept equivalent to art as an umbrella term to embrace diverse artistic activities, pre-modern Chinese intellectuals paid particular attention to originality, naturalness, and ineffability as common and essential features of artistic creativity, which show a high degree of similitude with the Western accounts. The similitude, along with its spontaneous emergence, attests, to a large extent, to the universality in experiencing, characterizing, and interpreting artistic creativity. Second, although there were many words in Chinese vocabulary similar to beauty, pre-modern Chinese intellectuals did not give particular conceptual significance to the perception of beauty. More specifically, in relation to Kant’s conception of aesthetic judgment and Stolnitz’s definition of aesthetic attitude, despite its long tradition of a disinterested attitude towards objects, pre-modern Chinese intellectuals did not relate this attitude to aesthetic experience. These tentative conclusions also lead us to question the universal validity of the association between art and beauty that was created by modern aesthetics and which contemporary aesthetics still claims as its legitimate field of research.
Colaboración intersectorial: un original camino para fomentar la promoción de la salud comunitaria (2012)

This editorial was published in Global Health Promotion [© The Author(s) 2012] and the definite version is available at: https://goo.gl/p6XpZ5
Comparison of regeneration results of prefabricated nerve graft, autogenous nerve graft, and vein graft in repair of nerve defects (2008)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectivity of prefabricated nerve grafts in the repairing nerve defect and to compare them with the autogenous nerve graft and vein graft. Four groups were created, each containing 10 rats. First, nerve prefabrication was carried out in groups I and II during 8 weeks. For this purpose, jugular vein graft was sutured to the epineural windows on the peroneal and tibial nerve at the right side in an end-to-side fashion. To create neurotrophic stimulus, partial incision was performed on the nerves in group I, and gene therapy was performed by plasmid injecting to the adjacent muscles in group II. At the end of the eighth week, prefabricated nerve grafts, jugular vein, and the axons passing through it were taken. Then, gap was created on the left peroneal nerve in all groups. Defect on the peroneal nerve was repaired by using the prefabricated nerve grafts in groups I and II, the autogenous nerve graft in group III, and the vein in group IV. Assessment of nerve regeneration was performed by using electromyography. Morphological assessment was performed after follow-up period. According to electrophysiological and morphological results, the results of first three groups were similar. There was no statistically significant difference between three groups. Prefabricated nerve graft is as effective as autogenous nerve graft, and it can be used in the repair of nerve defects as autogenous nerve graft as an alternative.
Real-time camera anomaly detection for real-world video surveillance (2011)

This paper proposes an automatic event detection technique for camera anomaly by image analysis, in order to confirm good image quality and correct field of view of surveillance videos. The technique first extracts reduced-reference features from multiple regions in the surveillance image, and then detects anomaly events by analyzing variation of features when image quality decreases and field of view changes. Event detection is achieved by statistically calculating accumulated variations along temporal domain. False alarms occurred due to noise are further reduced by an online Kalman filter that can recursively smooth the features. Experiments are conducted on a set of recorded videos simulating various challenging situations. Compared with an existing method, experimental results demonstrate that our method has high precision and low false alarm rate with low time complexity.
High Level Design Environment for Digital Integrated Circuit Based on Verilog HDL (1996)

A high level design environment for digital integrated circuit from behavioral specification to register transfer level is set up, based on Verilog hardware description language and Verilog XL simulator. Establishing functional unit library, structuring initial target architccture,scheduling and allocating are described. Finally, an example is given.
Cloning and expression of a novel prolyl endopeptidase from <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> and its application in beer stabilization (2014)

A novel prolyl endopeptidase gene from Aspergillus oryzae was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris. Amino acid sequence analysis of the prolyl endopeptidase from Aspergillus oryzae (AO-PEP) showed that this enzyme belongs to a class serine peptide S28 family. Expression, purification and characterization of AO-PEP were analyzed. The optimum pH and temperature were pH 5.0 and 40 °C, respectively. The enzyme was activated and stabilized by metal ion Ca(2+) and inhibited by Zn(2+), Mn(2+), Al(3+), and Cu(2+). The K m and k cat values of the purified enzyme for different substrates were evaluated. The results implied that the recombinant AO-PEP possessed higher affinity for the larger substrate. A fed-batch strategy was developed for the high-cell-density fermentation and the enzyme activity reached 1,130 U/l after cultivation in 7 l fermentor. After addition of AO-PEP during the fermentation phase of beer brewing, demonstrated the potential application of AO-PEP in the non-biological stability of beer, which favor further industrial development of this new enzyme in beer stabilization, due to its reducing operational costs, as well as no beer losses unlike regeneration process and beer lost with regenerated polyvinylpolypyrrolidone system.
[Experience with the Kaufman prosthesis in the treatment of postoperative urinary incontinence in the male]. (1983)

22 patients had urinary incontinence plastic surgery according to Kaufman. Good and satisfactory results (n = 14) are to be expected only in cases of genuine stress incontinence following iatrogenic lesion of the sphincteral mechanism. Preoperative urodynamic clarification is obligatory for excluding neurogenic micturition disorders, detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia and bladder instability. Because of the clearly increased complication rate in prostatic cancer, Kaufman-incontinence-plastic surgery should only be carried out when over a period of 12 months tumour progression is not to be expected or when radical prostatectomy was done. Complications with necessary prosthesis removal (n = 9) occurred without exception within 8 weeks after surgery. Among them were two cases of decubital necrosis of the urethra, five cases of secondary wound healing and one case of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. General contraindications are: chronically recurrent urinary tract infection, urethral stricture, urethral diverticulum, vesico-urethral reflux with dilated upper urinary tract and the so-called "scarred-rigid urethra".
Designing for Zero‐defect Soldering (1986)

This paper describes how PCB designers must adjust their approach to take into account the new requirements for the production of high technology printed circuit boards using the latest plated‐through hole and surface mounting techniques. It also describes how the correct use of dry film solder masks is contributing towards the achievement of zero‐defect soldering.
Living Scaffolds (Specialized and Unspecialized) for Regenerative and Therapeutic Medicine (2008)

The physical sciences have increasingly demonstrated a significant influence on the life sciences. Engineering in particular has shown its input through the development of novel medical devices and processes having significance to the biomedical field. This review introduces and discusses several fiber generation protocols, which have recently undergone development and exploration for directly handling living cells from which continuous cell-bearing or living threads to scaffolds and membranes have been fabricated. In doing so these protocols have not only demonstrated their versatility but also opened several unique possibilities for the use of these scaffolds in a plethora of biological and medical applications. In particular, these living fibrous structural units could be explored for regeneration purposes, e.g., from accelerated wound healing to combating a wide range of pathologies when coupled with gene therapy. Thus, "living entities" such as these scaffolds could be most useful in surgery/medicine, including its exploration with stem cells for the preparation of unspecialized living scaffolds and membranes.
Reduction in Plate Strain by Addition of an Intramedullary Pin (1997)

Stabilization of comminuted fractures by bridging the zone of fragmentation with a bone plate without anatomic reduction of each fragment is a useful method of managing this type of injury. Addition of an intramedullary pin reduces the stress applied to the plate and thereby extends the fatigue life of the bone plate.
[Structural traits of the antioxidant and fungicidal activity of steroid glycosides]. (1985)

To investigate the origin of antioxidant and antifungal properties of steroid glycosides (SG), a logico-structural analysis of the structure-activity relationships has been performed for 70 compounds using a set of computer programs STRAC. The following structural features responsible for antioxidant activity are revealed: 1) furostanol type of aglycon; 2) the presence of more than 4 branched monosaccharides in the carbohydrate chain; 3) the presence of glucose at C26 and OH-groups in the genin part of SG. Most characteristic for antifungal activity is the fragment genin-C3-Gal-Glc-Glc-Rha..., as well as the spirostanol type of aglycon. The computer analysis provided the basis for predicting a type of biological activity for 12 new compounds of the SG class.
Atomic collisions on solid surfaces (1993)

General computer simulation of surface collisions single and double scattering atomic row model ion scattering in semichannels atom scattering from a nonideal surface scattering of light atoms charge state of atoms scattered by solid surfaces scattering of swift molecules by solid surfaces sputtering of clusters and biomolecules under ion bombardment auger processes in kinetic electron emission interaction of multiple-charged ions with surfaces application of ion scattering to surface diagnostics.