gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of antibiotics to agricultural chemicals (1955)

The 140 antifungal actinomycetes, which had been selected from 7243 strains in Tokyo University, were tested in our laboratory in relation to their antifungal activity against seven plant pathogens; Piricularia oryzae Bri. et Cav., Ophiobolus miyabeanus Ito et Kuribayashi, Gibberella saubinetii (Mont.) Sacc., Ceratostomella fimbriata (E. et H.)Ell., Alternaria kikuchiana Tanaka, Glomerella cingulata Spauld. et Schr., and Fusarium lini Bolley. As shown in Tabe I, many actinomycetes showed strong inhibitory action against one or more of the seven test plant pathogens in of 12 strains agar disc diffusion tests. The antifungal spectra of actinomycetes, which were found to be highly effective on P. oryzae, are given in Table 2.The 40 strains of actinomycetes, which showed high antifungal activity on P. oryzae, were cultivated in shaken liquid modified Waksman media at 28°C. The antifungal activities of culture fiitrates at three and five days were tested by cup method. Data obtained are given in Table 3. Twelve strains were selected on the basis of the size and clearnesss of the inhibition zone around the cup.The effect in vivo of 12 strains, which were found to be effective in vitro on rice blast fungus, were studied in greenhouse tests. As shown in Table 4, the culture filtrates were found by slidetests to be capable of inhibiting the germination of conidia. Rice plants showed an increase in resistance to the rice blast when cultured in water added with filtrates of actinomycetes culture at two to seven days or sprayed with diluted filtrates. The number of leaf-spots were remarkably less than in the untreated plants, as shown in Table 5 and 6.As the result of these tests, two active strains were selected as the most promising anti-blast actinomycetes among the 140 strains.
Possible mechanisms of action of methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (1995)

Methotrexate has been reported to be effective in various animal models of arthritis as well as a variety of human disorders without a shared pathogenesis. Reports have emerged of the effect of the drug on lymphocytes, cytokines, leukotrienes, neutrophils, as well as a large variety of intracellular biochemical pathways. At present, it is not possible to identify which of the many possible mechanisms of action are relevant to its action when used in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). More definitive insights may have to await a better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of RA.
<title>Fuzzy logic system able to detect interesting areas of a video sequence</title> (1997)

This paper introduces an automatic tool able to analyze the picture according to the semantic interest an observer attributes to its content. Its aim is to give a 'level of interest' to the distinct areas of the picture extracted by any segmentation tool. For the purpose of dealing with semantic interpretation of images, a single criterion is clearly insufficient because the human brain, due to its a priori knowledge and its huge memory of real-world concrete scenes, combines different subjective criteria in order to assess its final decision. The developed method permits such combination through a model using assumptions to express some general subjective criteria. Fuzzy logic enables the user to encode knowledge in a form that is very close the way experts think about the decision process. This fuzzy modeling is also well suited to represent multiple collaborating or even conflicting experts opinions. Actually, the assumptions are verified through a non-hierarchical strategy that considers them in a random order, each partial result contributing to the final one. Presented results prove that the tool is effective for a wide range of natural pictures. It is versatile and flexible in that it can be used stand-alone or can take into account any a priori knowledge about the scene.
Combined Flux Compression and Plasma Opening Switch on the Saturn Pulsed Power Generator (2010)

A wire-array flux-compression cartridge installed on Sandia's Saturn pulsed power generator doubled the current into a 3-nH load to 6 MA and halved its rise time to 100 ns. The current into the load, however, was unexpectedly delayed by almost 1 micros. Estimates of a plasma flow switch acting as a long-conduction-time opening switch are consistent with key features of the power compression. The results suggest that microsecond-conduction-time plasma flow switches can be combined with flux compression both to amplify currents and to sharpen pulse rise times in pulsed power drivers.
Recent advances in blood pressure measurement technology: normalized blood pressure measurement with a double-cuff sphygmotonometer (2001)

We devised a new double-cuff sphygmotonometer and normalizing function (phi(-1)) and, using these methods, calculated the normalized blood pressure in hypertensive out-patients, which may make it possible to identify degrees of severity of hypertension in terms of WHO stages.
Serum levels of interleukin-10 in patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma: lack of correlation with prognosis [see comments] (1995)

Interleukin-10 (IL-10), also known as cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor, has multiple effects on lymphoid development. In addition, it has been previously reported that serum levels of IL-10 correlate with failure-free and overall survival in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In this study, we used a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for human IL-10 (lower limit of sensitivity, 5 pg/mL) to measure serum levels in 52 newly diagnosed patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma and at least one adverse prognostic feature who were subsequently treated in a uniform way. Lymphoma patients had significantly higher serum levels of IL-10 (median, 7.98 pg/mL; range, < or = 5 to 27,143 pg/mL) than healthy volunteers (N = 50; median, < or = 5 pg/mL; range, < or = 5 to 19.21 pg/mL) (P = .0000012). Individuals with B symptoms had significantly higher serum levels of IL-10 than those without them (P = .03), but there was no correlation between IL-10 levels and any of the other prognostic variables analyzed, including age, lactic dehydrogenase, beta 2-microglobulin levels, performance status, bulky disease, Ann Arbor stage, or International Index score. More importantly, we found no correlation between IL-10 levels and the achievement of complete remission, nor with failure-free survival or overall survival. We conclude that in a uniform population of untreated patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma, serum levels of IL-10 do not appear to have any prognostic value.
Transient TWEAK overexpression leads to a general salivary epithelial cell proliferation (2008)

Transient overexpression of TWEAK in murine salivary glands leads to a general proliferation of epithelial cells vs a selective stimulation of a salivary progenitor cell.
Photocatalytic Micropatterning of Transparent Ethylsilsesquioxane−Titania Hybrid Films (2002)

Refractive index of ethylsilsesquioxane−titania hybrid films increased from 1.50 to 1.55 accompanied by a decrease in film thickness by about 30% after UV light irradiation. The contact angle for water of the films decreased from 95° to about 45° and the dynamic hardness increased with UV irradiation. These changes in physical and chemical properties of the films with UV irradiation were caused by the cleavage of silicon−carbon bonds and elimination of ethyl groups in the films due to the photocatalytic effect of the titania component. Micropatterning was successfully performed on the films coated on the substrates by UV irradiation through a photomask.
Severe metallosis caused by shaving down of the stem neck due to outer cup impingement of a bipolar endoprosthesis. A case report. off. (1997)

The authors report on a patient with severe metallosis caused by shaving down of the stem neck due to outer cup impingement. A primary arthroplasty was performed using an Omnifit bipolar endoprosthesis (Stryker) with an acetabular bone graft fixed by ceramic screws. At the time of revision surgery the synovium was stained black. Two ceramic screws were broken, but no scratch was observed on the metal surfaces of the outer cup and the inner head. The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) of the inner-bearing collar was worn and flat. During the operation, a groove was observed at the stem neck where the outer cup impinges. An analysis of the black pseudocapsule by scanning electron microscopy with electron prove microanalysis (SEMEPMA) revealed that the pseudocapsule contained titanium metal particles. To our knowledge, metallosis caused by the same mechanism has only been reported in four joints, which were replaced by a Zimmer BHP bipolar endoprosthesis and Howmedica bicentric cup.
Jasmonic acid‐dependent regulation of seed dormancy following maternal herbivory in Arabidopsis (2017)

Maternal experience of abiotic environmental factors such as temperature and light are well known to control seed dormancy in many plant species. Maternal biotic stress alters offspring defence phenotypes, but whether it also affects seed dormancy remains unexplored. We exposed Arabidopsis thaliana plants to herbivory and investigated plasticity in germination and defence phenotypes in their offspring, along with the roles of phytohormone signalling in regulating maternal effects. Maternal herbivory resulted in the accumulation of jasmonic acid-isoleucine and loss of dormancy in seeds of stressed plants. Dormancy was also reduced by engineering seed-specific accumulation of jasmonic acid in transgenic plants. Loss of dormancy was dependent on an intact jasmonate signalling pathway and was associated with increased gibberellin content and reduced abscisic acid sensitivity during germination. Altered dormancy was only observed in the first generation following herbivory, whereas defence priming was maintained for at least two generations. Herbivory generates a jasmonic acid-dependent reduction in seed dormancy, mediated by alteration of gibberellin and abscisic acid signalling. This is a direct maternal effect, operating independently from transgenerational herbivore resistance priming.
Modified Designs for UWB Planar Monopole Antennas (2007)

This paper reports a theoretical study of a planar monopole antenna for use in the 3.1 GHz-10.6 GHz UWB band for later integration into consumer electronic products. Therefore the emphasis of the research is related to minimizing the size of the monopole while maintaining the matching in the desired frequency range. Simulations, using the Empire Software Suite, show that the impedance matched bandwidth (RL>10 dB) can be significantly increased by bevelling the bottom edge of the monopole and also the impedance match at the lower end of the band can be improved by judicious placement of a shorting pin. The use of a 1 mm wide shorting pin yields a structure that resembles a PIFA antenna. It is possible to treat the monopole antenna as a modified PIFA and apply transmission line theory to predicting the resonant frequencies and the return loss. A combination of shorting pin with bevel shows significant promise in the size reduction of the UWB antennas. The key point is the careful position of the shorting pin (with the bevel) on the monopole that to give a very good match through out the UWB band. This paper reports an investigation of the effect of the antenna dimensions (height, bevel angle and position of shorting pin) on its broad band response. The results of this study show that it is possible to reduce the size of the antenna elements significantly below lambda <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> /4, when additional shorting pins are used on the antenna. The distributed shorting pins can be understood to work as a matching network for the antenna.
Electroless Deposition of Copper onto 4-Mercaptobenzoic Acid Self-Assembled on Gold (2003)

This paper reports the electroless deposition of copper, from a basic solution of copper sulfate, sodium hydrogentartrate, and formaldehyde, onto 4-mercaptobenzoic acid self-assembled on gold. The copper was found to be ≈180 nm thick after a ≈30-min immersion. Deposition did not occur on bare gold or self-assembled layers of 1-octadecanethiol or 3-mercaptobenzoic acid. This latter observation suggests that the carboxylic acid functional group and its position play a role in the deposition process. Infrared absorption spectroscopy was used to evaluate these layers. On surfaces that were microcontact printed with 4-mercaptobenzoic acid, copper deposited only on the stamped areas.
Cytotoxic rotenoids and isoflavonoids from the fruits of Millettia caerulea (2015)

Three new and seven known rotenoids, along with two new isoflavonoids and a known analogue, were isolated from the n-hexane extract of the fruits of Millettia caerulea (Graham) Baker (Fabaceae) collected in Vietnam (sample A06946; voucher specimen DDS-14879). The structures of the new compounds were established by analysis of their ECD, IR, UV, NMR, and mass spectra, with those of the known compounds being determined by comparison of their spectroscopic data with literature values. Several of these compounds were found to be cytotoxic toward the HT-29 human colon cancer cells, among which a known compound, 12β-hydroxyrotenone, was the most potently active, showing an IC50 value of 0.1µM. This same compound was active (IC50 3.1µM), when evaluated in a K-Ras inhibition assay using HT-29 cells.
Optical Properties of Annular Aperture Arrays in Plasmonic Thin Films (2011)

Nanoscale annular hole arrays form plasmonic crystals which allow the optical properties of metal films to produce such important effects such as enhanced transmission, filed enhancement and negative refraction index. In this paper we report on the optical characteristics resulting from variations in the geometrical parameters of annular aperture arrays. We discuss the role of the central pillar in the transmission of light through the crystal. Further investigations are performed on annular aperture arrays fabricated in multilayered thin metal films. Finally, plasmonic crystals with a nonsymmetric annular basis are optically characterized. By offsetting the central pillar, dark modes are accessed via Fano type resonance mechanisms.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of S‐Bromo‐1,3‐dimethyluracil and Its 6‐Alkyl Derivatives. (1986)

Abstract Die Bromierung der Uracile (I) mit NBS in CCl 4 liefert die im Titel genannten Verbindungen (II) in hohen Ausbeuten.
COL4A6 is dispensable for autosomal recessive Alport syndrome (2016)

Alport syndrome is caused by mutations in the genes encoding α3, α4, or α5 (IV) chains. Unlike X-linked Alport mice, α5 and α6 (IV) chains are detected in the glomerular basement membrane of autosomal recessive Alport mice, however, the significance of this finding remains to be investigated. We therefore generated mice lacking both α3 and α6 (IV) chains and compared their renal function and survival with Col4a3 knockout mice of 129 × 1/Sv background. No significant difference was observed in the renal function or survival of the two groups, or when the mice were backcrossed once to C57BL/6 background. However, the survival of backcrossed double knockout mice was significantly longer than that of the mice of 129 × 1/Sv background, which suggests that other modifier genes were involved in this phenomenon. In further studies we identified two Alport patients who had a homozygous mutation in intron 46 of COL4A4. The α5 and α6 (IV) chains were focally detected in the glomerular basement membrane of these patients. These findings indicate that although α5 and α6 (IV) chains are induced in the glomerular basement membrane in autosomal recessive Alport syndrome, their induction does not seem to play a major compensatory role.
Characterization of five <i>CYP4</i> genes from Asian citrus psyllid and their expression levels in <i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter asiaticus‐infected and uninfected psyllids (2011)

Previously, we reported that Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las)-infected Diaphorina citri are characterized by lower levels of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases than uninfected counterparts. In the present study, we investigated expression levels of family 4 cytochrome P450 (CYP4) genes in Las-infected and uninfected D.citri adults. Five novel CYP4 genes (CYP4C67, CYP4DA1, CYP4C68, CYP4DB1 and CYP4G70) were identified. Four of the five CYP4 genes were expressed at significantly higher levels in uninfected than Las-infected males, whereas only one was expressed at significantly higher levels in uninfected than Las-infected females. These results suggest that levels of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in D.citri may be linked to expression levels of these CYP4 genes. Expression of all five CYP4 genes was induced by exposure of D.citri to imidacloprid, suggesting their possible involvement in metabolism of this toxin. Higher expression of the five CYP4 genes was found in nymphs than adults, which is congruent with previous results indicating higher levels of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in nymphs than adults. These five CYP4 genes may be promising candidates for RNA-interference to silence overexpression of genes associated with insecticide resistance in D.citri. These newly identified genes may also serve as DNA-based screening markers for cytochrome P450-mediated insecticide resistance in field populations of D.citri.
Analogues of Marine Pyrroloiminoquinone Alkaloids: Synthesis and Antitumor Properties (2008)

Marine organisms provide a valuable source for natural products. In recent years, iminoquinone alkaloids including makaluvamines, isobatzellines, tsitsikammamines and wakayin, have emerged as an essential class of marine metabolites due to their prominent biological activities and unusual ring structures. This review focuses on synthesis and antitumor evaluation of analogues of these products.
Mechanical circulatory support in the 1990s (1992)

The current experience in bridging patients to weaning (more than 965 implants) and to transplantation (more than 544 implants) has shown the feasibility of mechanical circulatory support in patients with major cardiac dysfunction, who are unresponsive to optimal medical management. The complications are mostly related to the patient's initial condition at the time of implantation. The rehabilitation of the patient is related to both the extent of recovery from organ dysfunction and the type of device. This analysis proposes some new orientations for research. Firstly, in clinical research, definition of precise indices of the patient condition, not exclusively related to the haemodynamic situation, should allow better patient and device selection. Secondly, in technological research, precise definition of the actual clinical objectives should help in the development of various systems: for resuscitation, for bridging purposes and for long-term or permanent implantation.
The effectiveness of flame weeding and cultivation on weed control, yield and yield components of organic soybean as influenced by manure application (2015)

Abstract Propane flaming in combination with cultivation could be a potential alternative tool for weed control in organic soybean production. Field experiments were conducted at the Haskell Agricultural Laboratory of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL), Concord, NE in 2010, 2011 and 2012 to determine the level of weed control and the response of soybean grain yield and its components to flaming and cultivation within two fertility regimes (FRs) (with and without manure) utilizing flaming equipment developed at the UNL. The treatments included: weed-free control, weedy season-long and different combinations of banded flaming (intra-row), broadcast flaming and mechanical cultivation (inter-row). The treatments were applied at VC (unfolded cotyledon) and V4–V5 (4-leaf–5-leaf) growth stages. Propane doses were 20 and 45 kg ha −1 for the banded and broadcast flaming treatments, respectively. The data were collected for visual ratings of crop injury and weed control at 7 and 28 days after treatment (DAT) at V4–V5 growth stages, weed dry matter at 60 DAT, crop yield and yield components. The annual application of 101 t ha −1 manure did not alter weed community or influence the effectiveness of weed management treatment; however, it decreased soybean yield by 0.25 t ha −1 through an increased weed biomass of 0.16 t ha −1 . The weed-free control plots yielded 4.15 t ha −1 . The combination of mechanical cultivation and banded flaming applied twice (at VC and V4–V5) was the best treatment resulting in 80–82% weed control and 6–9% crop injury at 28 DAT and 3.41–3.67 t ha −1 yield. Cultivation conducted twice provided only 19% weed control at 28 DAT and 1.75 t ha −1 yield. Soybean plants recovered well after all flaming treatments, with the exception of broadcast flaming conducted twice (28% crop injury at 28 DAT). Combining flaming with cultivation has a potential to effectively control weeds in organic soybean production across a range of FRs.
Three-Phase Equilibrium Study for Heavy Oil-Solvent-Steam System at High Temperatures (2010)

Abstract Reservoir simulation and research activities of heavy oil production processes such as SAGD, VAPEX or the steam-solvent combined hybrid process require accurate values of equilibrium constants (K-values) at elevated temperatures. However, such data is rarely available in open literature either because of the temperature limitation of PVT equipment or difficulties in performing high temperature three phase vapor liquid equilibrium experiments. In this paper, with the assistance of a state-of-the-art fully visual PVT cell specifically developed for heavy viscous oils and capable of performing fluid phase behavior studies at temperatures up to 250°C and effectively mix samples with viscosity up to 1,000 cP at test temperature, a heavy oil-solvent-steam equilibrium case study is presented. The heavy oil was mixed with solvent and water at specified weight ratio, temperature and pressure in the heavy oil PVT cell. After achieving equilibrium, the volumes of vapor, liquid and water phases were measured. The samples from each phase were drawn for compositional analysis using gas chromatography and K-values of the hydrocarbon components were examined. The component compositions from this experiment were utilized for equation of state (EoS) model turning. This case study shows that with proper care, the EoS can be characterized and used to match with experimental data for heavy oil.
Epithelial coxsackievirus adenovirus receptor promotes house dust mite-induced lung inflammation (2022)

Airway inflammation and remodelling are important pathophysiologic features in asthma and other respiratory conditions. An intact epithelial cell layer is crucial to maintain lung homoeostasis, and this depends on intercellular adhesion, whilst damaged respiratory epithelium is the primary instigator of airway inflammation. The Coxsackievirus Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) is highly expressed in the epithelium where it modulates cell-cell adhesion stability and facilitates immune cell transepithelial migration. However, the contribution of CAR to lung inflammation remains unclear. Here we investigate the mechanistic contribution of CAR in mediating responses to the common aeroallergen, House Dust Mite (HDM). We demonstrate that administration of HDM in mice lacking CAR in the respiratory epithelium leads to loss of peri-bronchial inflammatory cell infiltration, fewer goblet-cells and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine release. In vitro analysis in human lung epithelial cells confirms that loss of CAR leads to reduced HDM-dependent inflammatory cytokine release and neutrophil migration. Epithelial CAR depletion also promoted smooth muscle cell proliferation mediated by GSK3β and TGF-β, basal matrix production and airway hyperresponsiveness. Our data demonstrate that CAR coordinates lung inflammation through a dual function in leucocyte recruitment and tissue remodelling and may represent an important target for future therapeutic development in inflammatory lung diseases.