gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed objects in a federation of autonomous cooperating agents (2002)

This paper presents a model for creating and modifying complex objects that are distributed in a network of autonomous cooperating agents. The information that agents are willing to share with others in the federation is uniformly represented as inter-related objects. This defines a distributed object graph that spans over the entire federation of agents. Complex objects form a connected subgraph of this distributed object graph. To support safe cooperation and sharing of complex objects, while preserving agents' autonomy, agents can negotiate with each other on the access rights and deletion policies on distributed complex object and when necessary the rights are propagated. Since the rights are negotiated among agents, the autonomy of each agent is fully maintained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
State of the profession 2017 (2017)

Our second annual State of the Profession Survey paints a diminished outlook for 2017 while also shedding light on the extraordinary extent of revenue written off on no-fund appointments and the expected impacts of ASIC user pays.
Risk Measurement for Project Finance Guarantees (2001)

This article presents a methodology for quantifying the risk of financial guarantees to structured projects such as toll-roads. The results answer the following questions: how much should be charged for giving the guarantee, what is the effective subsidy, what reserve is required to protect against potential future losses, and what is the loss profile over the life of the project. Importantly, the analysis uses Monte Carlo evaluation to calculate the portfolio effects of diversification and correlation among projects. The article lays out the methodology, discusses the policy implications, and gives concrete illustrations of the approach by calculating examples of guarantees to a toll road and a bank. The discussion focuses on the management of a guarantee program by a government. The framework also can be used for other government contingent liabilities and can be used by banks and project finance companies to structure projects, price portfolios, and arbitrage.
Rooted in Barbarous Soil: An Introduction to Gold Rush Society and Culture (2000)

Research Article| July 01 2000 Rooted in Barbarous Soil: An Introduction to Gold Rush Society and Culture Kevin Starr Kevin Starr Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar California History (2000) 79 (2): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.2307/25463686 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Kevin Starr; Rooted in Barbarous Soil: An Introduction to Gold Rush Society and Culture. California History 1 July 2000; 79 (2): 1–24. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/25463686 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCalifornia History Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 2000 CHS Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Composition and Structure of Microbial Communities from Stromatolites of Hamelin Pool in Shark Bay, Western Australia (2005)

Stromatolites, organosedimentary structures formed by microbial activity, are found throughout the geological record and are important markers of biological history. More conspicuous in the past, stromatolites occur today in a few shallow marine environments, including Hamelin Pool in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Hamelin Pool stromatolites often have been considered contemporary analogs to ancient stromatolites, yet little is known about the microbial communities that build them. We used DNA-based molecular phylogenetic methods that do not require cultivation to study the microbial diversity of an irregular stromatolite and of the surface and interior of a domal stromatolite. To identify the constituents of the stromatolite communities, small subunit rRNA genes were amplified by PCR from community genomic DNA with universal primers, cloned, sequenced, and compared to known rRNA genes. The communities were highly diverse and novel. The average sequence identity of Hamelin Pool sequences compared to the >200,000 known rRNA sequences was only approximately 92%. Clone libraries were approximately 90% bacterial and approximately 10% archaeal, and eucaryotic rRNA genes were not detected in the libraries. The most abundant sequences were representative of novel proteobacteria (approximately 28%), planctomycetes ( approximately 17%), and actinobacteria (approximately 14%). Sequences representative of cyanobacteria, long considered to dominate these communities, comprised <5% of clones. Approximately 10% of the sequences were most closely related to those of alpha-proteobacterial anoxygenic phototrophs. These results provide a framework for understanding the kinds of organisms that build contemporary stromatolites, their ecology, and their relevance to stromatolites preserved in the geological record.
Yin-Yang Activities and Vicious Cycles in the Tumor Microenvironment (2008)

A solid tumor is an ecosystem composed of tumor cells, resident and infiltrating nontumor cells, and molecules present in proximity to these cells. This ecosystem can be collectively described as the tumor microenvironment. Both the tumor cells as well as the neighboring nontumor cells take part in
Catalytic Olefin Hydroalkoxylation by Nano Particles of Pollucite (2014)

The catalytic hydroalkoxylation of a,ß-unsaturated esters, nitriles, and ethers with aliphatic and aromatic alcohols over pollucite using thermal and microwave-assisted methods was investigated. To study the effect of the alcohol structures on the mechanism of the hydroalkoxylation reaction, different alcohols, such as methanol to butanol, cyclohexanol, phenol, and 2-ethylhexanol were used. The activities of pollucite, in contrast to other basic solids, were scarcely affected by the presence of air and moisture. The correlation between alcohol acidity and reaction activity is discussed. The prepared pollucite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, volumetric nitrogen adsorption surface area analysis, and CO2 temperature-programmed desorption. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the size of the modified nano catalyst particles was under 40 nm.
THE ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY OF SPIRAMYCIN (1958)

Spiramycin was administered as a suspension by stomach tube in a range of doses to 46 young male albino rats, with 16 controls, and to 14 small mongrel bitches, with eight controls. The oral acute LD 50 was found to be 9.4 ± 0.8 g. (mean ± S.D.) per kg. body weight in rats and 5.2 ± 1.6 g. per kg. body weight in dogs. From these values, the oral acute LD 50 in man was estimated to be of the order of 1 to 2 g. per kg. body weight or 20 to 40 times the usual therapeutic dose. The clinical effects of these acutely toxic oral doses in rats and dogs were anorexia, vomiting (dogs only), diarrhea, and lassitude, progressing to prostration, pallor, a fall in body temperature, cessation of respiration, and death usually within 48 hours. At autopsy the stomach and intestines were distended with gas and liquid, the tunica propria and submucosa were acutely congested, and there was excessive necrosis and desquamation of the surface epithelium. Areas of acute necrosis were found in the hepatic cells and sinusoids of the liver, and in the (mostly distal) convoluted tubules of the kidney. The cause of death, therefore, was an acute fulminating gastroenteritis accompanied by acute regional necrosis of the liver and kidneys, produced by the orally administered lethal dose of spiramycin.
Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (ROR) α4 is the predominant isoform of the nuclear receptor RORα in the liver and is up-regulated by hypoxia in HepG2 human hepatoma cells (2002)

The retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha (RORalpha) is critically involved in many physiological functions in several organs. We find that the main RORalpha isoform in the mouse liver is the RORalpha4 isoform, in terms of both mRNA and protein levels, while the RORalpha1 isoform is less abundant. Because hypoxia is a major feature of liver physiology and pathology, we examined the effect of this stress on Rora gene expression and RORalpha transcriptional activity. HepG2 human hepatoma cells were cultured for 24 h under normoxia (20% O2) or hypoxia (10, 2, and 0.1% O2) and the abundance of the Rora transcripts measured by Northern blot and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Hypoxic HepG2 cells contained more Rora mRNA than controls. This was also observed in rat hepatocytes in primary culture. Cobalt chloride and desferrioxamine also increased the amount of Rora mRNA in HepG2 cells. It is likely that these treatments increase the amount of the RORalpha4 protein in HepG2 cells as evidenced by Western blotting in the case of desferrioxamine. Transient transfection experiments indicated that hypoxia, cobalt chloride, and desferrioxamine all stimulate RORalpha transcriptional activity in HepG2 cells. Hence, we believe that RORalpha participates in the control of gene transcription in hepatic cells and modulates gene expression in response to hypoxic stress.
Application of Autoassociative Neural Network on Gas-Path Sensor Data Validation (2002)

Gas-path analysis holds a central position in the engine condition monitoring and fault diagnostics technique. The success of gas-path analysis, as concluded from previous investigations, depends mainly on the quality of the measurements obtained. For approaches using either a classical Kalman filter method or a contemporary artificial neural network approach, a high success rate of diagnosis can only be guaranteed when a correct set of measurement deltas is available. The objective of the present work is to design a genetic autoassociative neural network algorithm that can perform offline sensor data validation simultaneously for noise filtering and bias detection and correction. The neural network-based sensor validation procedure usually suffers from the slow convergence in network training. In addition, the trained network often fails to provide an accurate accommodation when bias error is detected. To remedy these network training and bias accommodation problems, a two-step approach is proposed. The first step is the construction of a noise-filtering and a self-mapping autoassociative neural network based on the backpropagation algorithm. The second step uses an optimization procedure built on top of these noise-filtering and self-mapping nets to perform bias detection and correction. A nongradient genetic algorithm search is employed as the optimization method. It is shown in the present work that effective sensor data validation can be achieved for noise filtering, bias correction, and missing sensor data replacement incurred in the gas-path analysis. This newly developed algorithm can also serve as an intelligent trend detector. A true performance delta and trend change can be identified with no delay, to assure a timely and high-quality engine fault diagnosis.
Because looks aren't everything. A meter for contamination testing of hydraulic fluid (1994)

Improving MOT testing with a device that will test your braking fluid for water absorption.
Point of Use Water Treatment with Forward Osmosis for Emergency and Population Migration Relief (2012)

According to the World Health Organization, 780 million people do not have access to an improved water source. Many of these people are victims of emergencies and/or forced population migration, and suffer from malnutrition and diarrheal illness as well. One promising solution is Hydration Technology Innovation’s (HTI’s) forward osmosis (FO) systems: the HydroWell and Village System. These systems produce clean drink from almost any source water. A systematic evaluation of HTI’s systems was performed. Bench-top testing showed that HTI’s membrane can remove significant concentrations of inorganic contaminants that have been found to be problematic in disaster-prone regions. A cost model was developed and a sensitivity analysis was conducted in order to identify areas for cost reductions. Furthermore, since material availability is a concern in the targeted contexts, a variety of cleaning reagents were evaluated for membrane cleaning.
Randomized protocols for asynchronous consensus (2002)

The famous Fischer, Lynch, and Paterson impossibility proof shows that it is impossible to solve the consensus problem in a natural model of an asynchronous distributed system if even a single process can fail. Since its publication, two decades of work on fault-tolerant asynchronous consensus algorithms have evaded this impossibility result by using extended models that provide (a) randomization, (b) additional timing assumptions, (c) failure detectors, or (d) stronger synchronization mechanisms than are available in the basic model. Concentrating on the first of these approaches, we illustrate the history and structure of randomized asynchronous consensus protocols by giving detailed descriptions of several such protocols.
Investigation of the double-y balun for feeding pulsed antennas (2003)

The double-y balun, transitioning from an unbalanced coplanar waveguide (CPW) to a balanced coplanar strip (CPS), was originally developed for use with balanced mixers. In this paper, the feasibility of this balun for feeding pulsed antennas was investigated via time-domain pattern measurements of a resistively loaded V-dipole. The need for a balun when feeding a symmetric antenna is illustrated via time-domain pattern measurements of the resistively loaded V-dipole with and without the double-y balun.
Reactions of Chlorosulfonyl Isocyanate with Thiazolines and Oxazolines: Formation of Thiazolo and Oxazolothiadiazines (1993)

Abstract 2-Alkylthiazolines and oxazolines undergo cyclization reaction with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate to give thiazole and oxazole fused thiadiazine derivatives.
Rydberg Atoms (1994)

In recent years, Rydberg atoms have been the subject of intense study, becoming the testing ground for several quantum mechanical problems. This book provides a comprehensive description of the physics of Rydberg atoms, highlighting their remarkable properties by reference to their behaviour in a wide range of physical situations. Following an overview of the basic properties of Rydberg atoms, their interactions with electric and magnetic fields are analysed in detail. The collisions of Rydberg atoms with neutral and charged species are described, and the use of multichannel quantum defect theory in the study of Rydberg atomic systems is discussed. Experimental and theoretical research in this extensive field is also reviewed, making the book valuable to both graduate students and established researchers in physics and physical chemistry.
Coiled Tubing Ultrashort-Radius Horizontal Drilling in a Gas Storage Reservoir: A Case Study (1999)

Abstract The subject paper is a review of the philosophy, planning, execution and results for the first successful Coiled Tubing Drilling ultra short radius horizontally drilled well into a gas storage reservoir. The paper will seek to describe the process and results for the just mentioned areas. The philosophy behind CTD and the idea of using it as a tool to enhance gas storage deliverability and the associated costs are considered. This well achieved an 800% increase in gas deliverability after sidetracking, as compared to the original wellbore. The idea of rate of penetration enhancement is strongly conveyed to help the audience understand how this drives drilling parameters and hence, cost. Planning for CTD operations is discussed and includes a geological discussion. The use of Coiled Tubing and the BHA used to perform this operation are discussed. One tool for several functions drives down cost by reducing process steps. Execution of the project from mobilization to demobilization is briefly discussed as are lessons learned. Ideas are suggested for further improvement. Some of the issues identified to date will be much more refined prior to paper delivery. This is due to the idea that more work is on the immediate horizon The first well (KW-34) was re-entered and sidetracked in September, 1998.
A General Computer Program to Determine the Perturbation of Alternating Electric Currents in a Two-Dimensional Model of a Region of Uniform Conductivity with an Embedded Inhomogeneity (1971)

A computer program to calculate the perturbation of alternating electric currents in a two-dimensional Earth model with a conductivity inhomogeneity is presented. The program provides for an inhomogeneity of arbitrary shape surrounded by a region of different conductivity. The equations and boundary conditions are solved by a numerical method for both E-polarization and H-polarization. The computer program allows for the solution over a grid of variable mesh dimensions and for a general model which consists of several conductivities. The program is given in detail and an example for a particular model is illustrated.
Design of 321-Mw Cross-Compound Steam Turbine—River Rouge Unit No. 3 (1959)

This paper discusses the design features and general arrangement of a 321-mw close-coupled cross-compound 3600/1800-rpm steam turbine-generator unit. The machine is designed for operation with subcritical pressures and with steam temperatures that permit using ferritic materials. It was the first machine to be ordered in the 300-mw size range and is installed in the River Rouge Station of The Detroit Edison Company.
Testing of Diatomaceous Earth Filtration for Removal of<i>Cryptosporidium</i>Oocysts (2001)

Because previous studies of diatomaceous earth (DE) filtration for Cryptosporidium oocyst removal have been conducted on a relatively small scale, this study was designed to determine the performance capability of DE at the pilot‐scale level and at a flow rate greater than that permitted by many state regulatory agencies. This study used DE of moderate permeability that is commonly used by smaller water systems to provide economical water treatment. It found that Cryptosporidium oocyst removals at a flow rate of 1 gpm/sq ft (2.5 m/h) averaged 6.25 logs and removals at 2 gpm/sp ft (5 m/h) averaged 6.31 logs. In addition, average turbidity levels and particle concentrations were lower at 2 gpm/sp ft (5 m/h). These findings of equal or better performance at 2 gpm/sp ft (5 m/h) are significant because many regulatory agencies ‐ and consequently municipal water suppliers ‐ have historically restricted operation of DE filters to 1 gpm/sp ft (2.5 m/h). The findings are also important because they clearly show that DE filtration is capable of providing far greater reduction in Cryptosporidium oocyst concentrations than is provided by conventional or direct granular media filtration. The data summarized in this article support consideration of DE as a more broadly applicable alternative for Cryptosporidium control; they also support including DE filtration as a serious alternative for a much broader range of applications that include larger plant sizes, higher filtration rates, and backwash treatment applications.
Differential effect of verapamil on excitation-contraction coupling in smooth muscle and on excitation-secretion coupling in adrenergic nerve terminals. (1972)

The coronary vasodilator verapamil produced in isolated cat hearts an increase in coronary flow and a decrease in contractile force. Both effects occurred within a similar concentration range of the drug (2 x 10-8 x 10-7 M). The same concentrations of verapamil competitively antagonized calcium-induced contractions in strips of depolarized rabbit main pulmonary artery. Somewhat higher concentrations of the drug were required to inhibit contractions caused by norepinephrine in the polarized vessel. The inhibitory effect was not due to an interference with norepinephrine-induced depolarization of the vascular smooth muscle cells, as could be demonstrated with intracellular microelectrodes. In a nonvascular type of smooth muscle. the isolated nictitating membrane of the cat, verapamil also reduced the contractions caused by Ca++ in depolarized and by norepinephrine in the polarized preparation. These observations are compatible with the view that the spasmolytic effect of verapamil in smooth muscle is due to a selective Ca++-antagonistic effect of the drug. Such an action of verapamil does not seem to occur in adrenergic nerve terminals, since the drug did not influence the Ca++-dependent release of norepincphrine from the isolated cat heart produced either by sympathetic nerve stimulation, by acetylcholine or by KCI.
Peritonitis During Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (1980)

We initiated a therapeutic program of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for patients with chronic renal failure. Our program resulted in many episodes of peritonitis arising from contamination due to the technical aspects of the procedure. Microbiologic evaluation showed that 73% of 97 episodes were culture positive, with gram-positive organisms causing most of the cases, especially early in dialysis. Gram-negative rods tended to occur later. Gram stains of dialysate effluent resulted in a disappointingly low yield of only 9% positivity. Cell counts were a dependable indicator of the presence of peritoneal inflammation and also of therapeutic success. Most patients responded well to intraperitoneal cephalothin, 125 mg/L for 10 to 14 d. The occurrence of peritonitis resulted in 0.93 years of hospitalization during the total of 15.45 patient-years on dialysis, which essentially negated the financial advantages of this method of treatment of chronic renal failure. For this to be a successful mode of therapy, advances in the prevention of peritonitis must be made.
Towards the Development of a Low Cost Airborne Sensing System to Monitor Dust Particles after Blasting at Open-Pit Mine Sites (2015)

Blasting is an integral part of large-scale open cut mining that often occurs in close proximity to population centers and often results in the emission of particulate material and gases potentially hazardous to health. Current air quality monitoring methods rely on limited numbers of fixed sampling locations to validate a complex fluid environment and collect sufficient data to confirm model effectiveness. This paper describes the development of a methodology to address the need of a more precise approach that is capable of characterizing blasting plumes in near-real time. The integration of the system required the modification and integration of an opto-electrical dust sensor, SHARP GP2Y10, into a small fixed-wing and multi-rotor copter, resulting in the collection of data streamed during flight. The paper also describes the calibration of the optical sensor with an industry grade dust-monitoring device, Dusttrak 8520, demonstrating a high correlation between them, with correlation coefficients (R(2)) greater than 0.9. The laboratory and field tests demonstrate the feasibility of coupling the sensor with the UAVs. However, further work must be done in the areas of sensor selection and calibration as well as flight planning.
Nitrogen Compounds other than NO in Automobile Exhaust Gas (1972)

Recent studies of organic pyrolyses in the presence of nitric oxide have shown that various nitogen compounds, such as hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and aceto-nitrile (CH3CN) are formed. This suggests the possibility that such compounds will be found in internal combustion processes, and may be present in automobile exhaust gases. The present paper describes some gas-chromatographic and wet analyses of exhaust gases. It is concluded that the amounts of hydrogen cyanide are less than 1 ppm, but that various organic nitrogen compounds may reach a level of about 100 ppm. The significance of these results is discussed.