gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron Transfer to Protonated β-Alanine N-Methylamide in the Gas Phase:  An Experimental and Computational Study of Dissociation Energetics and Mechanisms (2007)

Ammonium radicals derived from protonated beta-alanine N-methyl amide (BANMA) were generated by femtosecond collisional electron transfer to gas-phase cations prepared by chemical ionization and electrospray. Regardless of the mode of precursor ion preparation, the radicals underwent complete dissociation on the time scale of 5.15 micros. Deuterium isotope labeling and product analysis pointed out several competitive and convergent dissociation pathways that were not completely resolved by experiment. Ab initio calculations, which were extrapolated up to the CCSD(T)/6-311++G(3df,2p) level of theory, provided the proton affinity and gas-phase basicity of BANMA as PA = 971 kJ mol-1 and GB = 932 kJ mol-1 to form the most stable ion structure 1c+ in which the protonated ammonium group was internally solvated by hydrogen bonding to the amide carbonyl. Ion 1c+ was calculated to have an adiabatic recombination energy of 3.33 eV to form ammonium radical 1c*. The potential energy surface for competitive and consecutive isomerizations and dissociations of 1c* was investigated at correlated levels of theory and used for Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) calculations. RRKM unimolecular rate constants suggested that dissociations starting from the ground electronic state of radical 1c* were dominated by loss of an ammonium hydrogen atom. In contrast, dissociations starting from the B excited state were predicted to proceed by reversible isomerization to an aminoketyl radical (1f*). The latter can in part dissociate by N-Calpha bond cleavage leading to the loss of the amide methyl group. This indicates that apparently competitive dissociations observed for larger amide and peptide radicals, such as backbone cleavages and losses of side-chain groups, may originate from different electronic states and proceed on different potential energy surfaces.
ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK AFFER INSECT-STING CHALLENGE IN 138 PERSONS WITH A PREVIOUS INSECT-STING REACTION (1994)

Purpose of the Study. The goal of the study was to establish the frequency with which anaphylactic reactions reoccur after sting challenge in persons with previous insect-sting anaphylactic reactions, as well as the relation between the severity of anaphylaxis and levels of catecholamines and angiotensins. Methods. One hundred thirty-eight patients with a history of an anaphylactic reaction and eight normals (including five patients who had been previously stung) were subjected to provocation test with the relevant insect. Blood samples were collected and assayed for epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and angiotensin I and II levels. Findings. "Only" 39 of 138 (28%) patients with a previous insect sting anaphylactic reaction developed anaphylactic symptoms after sting challenge. Only those with a history of a severe reaction developed anaphylactic shock. No change in cardiovascular mediators or blood pressure was seen in patients with no or mild reactions, while those patients with anaphylactic shock had a mean arterial blood pressure drop of 33%. Significant increases in epinephrine, norepinephrine, and angiotensin II were observed within 5 minutes after the onset of symptoms and were strongly correlated with a drop in blood pressure. Dopamine and angiotensin I levels did not change significantly in any participants. Reviewers' Comments. The repeat rate of systemic reactions of 28% is substantially lower than the previously reported rate of 60% (Hung KJ, et al. NEJM. 1978;299:157). Unfortunately, the present study does not provide significant information regarding the study population, particularly the time lapsed between the original and rechallenge stings. We are all aware of the associated problems of beta-blockers and anaphylaxis.
Rapid testing for multishot railgun bore life (1997)

Bore life is one of the most difficult technical issues confronting railgun development for practical use. Material testing for wear and erosion using a railgun is a very slow and expensive method for developing many shot life data. We have built and used a pin-on-disk contact tester to rapidly and economically accumulate materials performance data under railgun armature/rail interface conditions. The machine can reach sliding speeds of 200 m/s, to simulate armature conditions near the breech of a railgun. The unique feature of this apparatus is the ability to repeatedly place the contactor on the rotating disk (at 200 m/s) and subsequently remove it in less than one disk revolution. This capability permits us to avoid "rewrite" during each simulated shot so that definitive multishot wear data can be accumulated. This apparatus has been used to test a variety of armature contact-rail material combinations, at railgun current density (up to 1.5 GA/m/sup 2/) and pressure levels (up to 150 MPa). Our tests show that different combinations of pressure level, current density, and materials produce results ranging from severe erosion to severe contactor deposition. In the case of contactor deposition after many shots, the per shot deposition rate tends to decline for specific material combinations. This paper describes the apparatus and test results for several material combinations.
10 Gbit/s, 10600 km, dispersion-allocated solitontransmissionusing conventional 1.3 µm singlemode fibres (1997)

A 10 Gbit/s data signal at 1.55 µm has been successfully transmitted over 10600 km using a dispersion-allocated soliton technique and 1.3 µm singlemode fibres.
Study of methods of optical signal separation using passive optical fibre devices (1996)

This report describes the project on studying various methods of separating a narrow band optical signal from a broad band source by using passive optical fibre devices. In other words, a notch filter is to be designed to avoid coherent interference effect in an optical fibre system having a large path difference. Four methods have been suggested to be built and tested. The first was done by using a grating monochromator, the second by a fibre grating, the third by a long coupling length optical coupler and the last one using a chemical substance. Out of four, only the first three was actually carried out. The fourth method was skipped due to high toxicity in the chemical substance which needs extremely high precautions and careful steps in order to conduct the experiment. The experiment was aimed to block the narrow band light source at wavelength centred on 1550 nm ± 50 nm. It was found out that the second method which used fibre grating turned out to be the best way in achieving this aim.<br/><br/>A project submitted for the award of B Eng. Electronic Engineering supervised by Dr.J.P.Dakin
Influence of Inertial Force on Electron Trajectories in the Surface Conduction Electron Emitter Displays (2000)

On the basis of electron trajectory calculation in surface conduction electron emitter displays, it is found that an anode current can be generated from the inertial force of electron motion along the electric field line with a small curvature over the fissure of 10 nm scale. Most electrons of the film current flow to the coplanar electrode, while the electrons from the upper surface of the cathode edge initially follow the curved electric field lines; thereafter, they accelerate to deviate from the inner electric field of the fissure and move directly toward the display surface for the anode current.
INFORMING TREATMENT DECISIONS IN RELAPSED PEDIATRIC MALIGNANCIES USING NEXT-GENERATION DIAGNOSTICS (2014)

BACKGROUND: Although childhood malignancies have become curable in about 75% of cases due to empirically developed multi-modal therapeutic concepts applied in nation-wide collaborative trials, for children with a relapse, cure remains the exception. In the framework of the ICGC project PedBrain many new potentially druggable genetic lesions have been identified. However, it will not be feasible to conduct traditional phase I trials for all these new drugs in these overall rare entities. To still have our young patients participating in the recent advances in molecular targeted drug treatment, we initiated a novel innovative way of introducing these drugs in a clinical setting based on an individualized molecular rationale, a concept called INFORM (INdividualized therapy For Relapsed Malignancies in childhood). METHODS: Exome- and low-coverage whole-genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, gene expression profiling, DNA methylation profiling, bioinformatic prediction of drug targets and compound selection are carried out aiming at a turnaround time of 4 weeks or less after re-biopsy of the tumor. In the current feasibility phase, drug targets and prioritization are offered to the treating physician in the local hospital for individual treatment decisions. RESULTS: Ten patients were recruited to the INFORM-pilot study by now. For all but two, druggable targets have been identified. The first two patients with early follow-up MRIs after 6 weeks had stable disease (medulloblastoma) and 50% tumor volume reduction (myofibroblastc tumor), respectively. In an additional case with pontine glioma, molecular diagnostics significantly contributed to the establishment of an unambiguous diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first population-based study using next-generation sequencing technologies to guide treatment decisions in a clinical setting. In addition to this advance in “next-generation” clinical oncology, INFORM will also reveal the largest comprehensive molecular datasets of relapsed tumors to date, and since primary tumor material from the same patient will also be analyzed whenever available, will likely identify key biological properties of relapsing malignancies and recurrent mechanisms of drug resistance across entities. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Pediatrics.
Modeling the evolution of spatial beam parameters in parabolic index fibers (2012)

We analyze the evolution of beam quality when propagating through a parabolic index (PI) fiber. The deterioration in beam quality is expressed in terms of the fiber parameters, and a methodology for minimizing the deterioration is presented. The fiber optimization procedure is evaluated numerically for an application where the PI fiber is used to deliver the signal produced by a tapered fiber-bundle beam combiner. It was demonstrated that delivery with no beam quality deterioration can be achieved with proper fiber design.
Peptide Chain Termination, Codon, Protein Factor, and Ribosomal Requirements (1969)

Results of biochemical studies (Last et al., 1967; Capecchi, 1967; Bretscher, 1968) and genetic studies (Weigert and Garen, 1965; Brenner, Stretton, and Kaplan, 1965) show that the synthesis of a peptide chain is terminated upon translation of messenger RNA codons UAA or UAG. Genetic evidence also indicates UGA functions as a barrier or terminator codon (Brenner, Barnett, Katz, and Crick, 1967; Weigert, Lanka, and Garen, 1967).
Value of serum IgG4 in the diagnosis of IgG4-related disease and in differentiation from rheumatic diseases and other diseases (2011)

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a novel disease entity that includes Mikulicz's disease, autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), and many other conditions. It is characterized by elevated serum IgG4 levels and abundant IgG4-bearing plasmacyte infiltration of involved organs. We postulated that high levels of serum IgG4 would comprise a useful diagnostic tool, but little information is available about IgG4 in conditions other than IgG4-RD, including rheumatic diseases. Several reports have described cutoff values for serum IgG4 when diagnosing IgG4-RD, but these studies mostly used 135 mg/dL in AIP to differentiate from pancreatic cancer instead of rheumatic and other common diseases. There is no evidence for a cutoff serum IgG4 level of 135 mg/dL for rheumatic diseases and common diseases that are often complicated with rheumatic diseases. The aim of this work was to re-evaluate the usual cutoff serum IgG4 value in AIP (135 mg/dL) that is used to diagnose whole IgG4-RD in the setting of a rheumatic clinic by measuring serum IgG4 levels in IgG4-RD and various disorders. We therefore constructed ROC curves of serum IgG4 levels in 418 patients who attended Sapporo Medical University Hospital due to IgG4-RD and various rheumatic and common disorders. The optimal cut-off value of serum IgG4 for a diagnosis of IgG4-RD was 144 mg/dL, and the sensitivity and specificity were 95.10 and 90.76%, respectively. Levels of serum IgG4 were elevated in IgG4-RD, Churg-Strauss syndrome, multicentric Castleman's disease, eosinophilic disorders, and in some patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, chronic hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis. The usual cut-off value of 135 mg/dL in AIP is useful for diagnosing whole IgG4-RD, but high levels of serum IgG4 are sometimes observed in not only IgG4-RD but also other rheumatic and common diseases.
Whatʼs New in Surgical Options for Hallux Rigidus? (2004)

Giannini, Sandro MD; Ceccarelli, Francesco MD; Faldini, Cesare MD; Bevoni, Roberto MD; Grandi, Gianluca MD; Vannini, Francesca MD Author Information
Atomic Force Microscopy Studies of Hydration of Fluorinated Amide/Urethane Copolymer Film Surfaces (1998)

A poly(amide urethane) block copolymer has been studied using atomic force microscopy and infrared spectroscopy to examine the effects on the surface of immersion underwater. A film initially prepared in air and annealed above the glass transition temperature undergoes significant surface morphology change upon immersion, with noteworthy formation of surface particles. The particles are compliant and reduce surface friction probed by atomic force microscopy. The pH dependence of the force of adhesion of the atomic force microscope tip to the polymer is examined and found to vary with surface morphology and with tip functionality. Double layer forces as well as tip-induced extensions of the polymeric particle are identified. The infrared measurements indicate that both hydrophobic and hydrophilic blocks are partially hydrated within minutes and undergo further hydration on longer time scales, up to days.
Synthesis of optically active 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinolines (1984)

Abstract (+)‐( R )‐5‐Methyl‐ and (+)‐( R )‐2,5‐dimethyl‐8‐isopropylidene‐5,6‐dihydro‐7 H ‐quinoline, 7 and 11 , were synthesized by reaction of ( R )‐pulegon morpholino‐enamine with acrolein or methyl vinyl ketone. The Michael adducts thus formed were reacted with hydroxylammonium hydrochloride in polar media. Compound 7 was also obtained by thermal rearrangement of the O ‐allyl ether of pulegone oxime. The selectivity of both synthetic methods were rather poor (30–49%). Isolation of 7 and 11 in the pure state was accomplished by preparative glc.
Phosphorus and Sulfur Heterocycles via Ring‐closing Metathesis: Application in Natural Product Synthesis (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Synthesis and Reactivity of Sultones Derived from RCM Total Synthesis of the Originally Proposed Structure of (±)-Mycothiazole Synthesis and Reactivity of Phosphates from RCM Applications of Phosphate Tethers in the Synthesis of Dolabelide C Conclusion Acknowledgment References
Adiponectin suppresses endoplasmic reticulum stress in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2011)

In this study, we examined whether adiponectin suppresses endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) using male transgenic mice expressing nSREBP-1c in adipose tissue, nSREBP-1c/adiponectin double-transgenic mice expressing human adiponectin in the liver, and wild-type male mice as the control. Histological findings similar to those observed in liver specimens from patients with NASH were observed in the livers from the nSREBP-1c transgenic mice at 30 weeks of age. By contrast, the NASH-like liver histology was markedly attenuated in age-matched nSREBP-1c/adiponectin double-transgenic mice. The nSREBP-1c/adiponectin double-transgenic mice showed human adiponectin production in the liver and a restored circulating human adiponectin level. Human adiponectin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in the liver was identified in the nSREBP-1c/adiponectin double-transgenic mice, but adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 mRNA expression in the liver was normal. TNFα mRNA was decreased in the liver of the nSREBP-1c/adiponectin double-transgenic mice compared with the nSREBP-1c transgenic mice. The protein expressions of X-box-binding protein-1, activating transcription factor 4, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, TNFα and NFκB were down-regulated in liver tissues from the nSREBP-1c/adiponectin double-transgenic mice. Mouse adiponectin and activating transcription factor 6 expressions were almost the same in the three groups. Post-load plasma glucose levels were significantly lower in the nSREBP-1c/adiponectin double-transgenic mice compared with the nSREBP-1c transgenic mice. These results indicate that adiponectin expressed in the liver suppresses ER stress and attenuates hepatic steatosis, inflammation and insulin resistance in NASH. Adiponectin may open the way to novel therapies for human NASH.
Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (2005)

Angiogenesis research investigates the formation of new blood vessels in wound healing, tumour growth and embryonic development. Circulating, bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were first described 8 years ago, yet the exact nature of these endothelial precursor cells remains unclear. The contributions of circulating EPCs to angiogenesis in tumours, ischaemic injury and other diseases as well as their usefulness in the repair of wounded hearts and limbs remain under intense investigation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Chloro‐2′‐5′‐dideoxy‐5′‐ difluoromethylphosphinyladenosine (XI): A Nonhydrolyzable Isosteric, Isopolar Analogue of 2‐Chlorodeoxyadenosine Monophosphate. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High Antibody Levels against Mouse Laminin with Specificity for Galactosyl-(α1–3)Galactose in Patients with Inner Ear Diseases (1989)

Sera of 413 patients with inner ear diseases were examined for ELISA binding to mouse laminin and compared to a normal group. Strongly enhanced antilaminin antibody reactions were observed in a large number of patients with sensorineural hearing loss (68%), tinnitus (60%), and sudden deafness (46%), but not in those with Meniere's disease (14%) or normal individuals (8%). Absorption experiments demonstrated that these antibodies are also responsible for the antisarcolemmal antibody pattern in the immunofluorescence test and for the reaction with pig kidney microsomes in the ELISA. Immunochemical studies showed that laminin binding of high or low titer in sera from patients and normal individuals is due to the Gal alpha 1-3Gal epitope present in N-linked oligosaccharides of mouse laminin. No reactions were observed with human laminin, which lacks this epitope. The findings suggest that high levels of antibodies against carbohydrate structures are triggered by persistent infections, providing some new insights about the possible cause of these diseases.
Zur Verflüchtigung des Silbers in Sauerstoff (1965)

Abstract Im Temperaturbereich von 790 bis 920°C ist die Flüchtigkeit des Silbers mit Argon und Sauerstoff als Trägergas gleich groß. Die Existenz eines gasförmigen Silberoxids ist daher innerhalb der Meßgenauigkeit der angewandten Mitführungsmethode auszuschließen.
Room-temperature creep of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>LaCoO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>-based perovskites: Equilibrium strain under compression (2008)

This study concerns an experimental investigation of room-temperature creep at different stresses in polycrystalline ${\text{LaCoO}}_{3}$-based oxides under compression. A phenomenological approach for ferroelastic creep is proposed to identify the most important parameters that affect creep strain over different time periods. An analytical expression is obtained instead of the previously used power law, allowing an estimation of equilibrium strain at constant stress. An expression is also proposed to calculate the characteristic time of creep and recovery processes. The equilibrium creep diagrams for ${\text{LaCoO}}_{3}$ and ${\text{La}}_{0.8}{\text{Ca}}_{0.2}{\text{CoO}}_{3}$ perovskites have been determined.
Performance Tests of Gravity-Assist Heat Pipes with Screen-Wick Structures (1975)

A series of performance-limit tests were made at several operating temperatures with sodium heat pipes containing simple wicks comprised of layers of woven-wire screen. After each pipe was tested horizontally, vertical tests were conducted in a gravity-assist mode with the evaporator down. Higher heat-transfer limits were achieved in the vertical tests, but good agreement between measured and calculated limits was not always obtained. Wick imperfections, in the form of spaces between screen layers and other large openings, were beneficial during horizontal operation because they provided low-impedance flow paths for liquid return. During vertical operation, however, the openings filled with vapor and sometimes produced superheat limitations which seriously reduced heat transfer. In some tests, superheat limitations were eliminated by locating fine-mesh screen between the wick and heat-pipe wall. These tests showed that gravity-assist performance can be improved by large wick passages which are located away from the heat-pipe wall, but the passages must be arranged so they collect condensate readily and protect this condensate from the flowing vapor. Presented as Paper 74-723 at the AIAA/ASME Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference, Boston, Mass., July 15-17, 1974. Work performed under the auspices of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. ^Member of Professional Staff. tMechanical Technician. $Group Leader, Advanced Heat Transfer. 201 Purchased from American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Apparent mismatch between XAFS and XRD structure of crystalline and amorphous electrochromic WO<sub>3</sub> (2008)

Apparent mismatch between XAFS and XRD structure of crystalline and amorphous electrochromic WO3 Alain Michalowicz, Jacques Moscovici, Aline Rougier, Stephane Laruelle Institut de Chimie et des Materiaux Paris Est, Universite Paris 12 and CNRS, 2 rue Henri Dunant, Thiais, France, 94320, France, Laboratoire de Reactivite et Chimie des Solides, Universite de Picardie Jules Vernes, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France, E-mail:michalov@univparis12.fr
Safety and efficacy of two anti-acne/anti-aging treatments in subjects with photodamaged skin and mild to moderate acne vulgaris. (2012)

The novel topical anti-aging/anti-acne therapy (Treatment A) within a comprehensive skin care regimen of cleanser, moisturizer, and sunscreen may maximize efficacy and tolerability and contribute to our armamentarium for treating both photodamage and acne at the same time.