gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discursive evaluation in a distributed learning community (2002)

This paper describes a distance education project where a threaded discussion board was used for interaction amongst students and teachers. The experiences from the first year of the project shows that such a forum can be an important complement to other evaluative resources in order to monitor student's expectations and experiences. Furthermore, it is argued that discursive evaluations can establish a learning community with shared norms and forms of communication and collaboration. Vital properties of the discussion board are that it is continuous, online, public, asynchronous and auto-structuring.
Deep Learning using Linear Support Vector Machines (2013)

Recently, fully-connected and convolutional neural networks have been trained to achieve state-of-the-art performance on a wide variety of tasks such as speech recognition, image classification, natural language processing, and bioinformatics. For classification tasks, most of these "deep learning" models employ the softmax activation function for prediction and minimize cross-entropy loss. In this paper, we demonstrate a small but consistent advantage of replacing the softmax layer with a linear support vector machine. Learning minimizes a margin-based loss instead of the cross-entropy loss. While there have been various combinations of neural nets and SVMs in prior art, our results using L2-SVMs show that by simply replacing softmax with linear SVMs gives significant gains on popular deep learning datasets MNIST, CIFAR-10, and the ICML 2013 Representation Learning Workshop's face expression recognition challenge.
Bax distribution into mitochondrial detergent‐resistant microdomains is related to ceramide and cholesterol content in postischemic hearts (2009)

*Diverse changes have been described in mitochondria of apoptotic cells: the phospholipid content is modified, ceramide and GD3 concentrations increase, the cristae structure is modified, and nonresident proteins are recruited into the mitochondrial membranes. In particular, Bax, a Bcl-2 family member protein, moves from the cytosol to the mitochondria, inducing cytochrome c release. Modifications of the content and distribution of specific lipids in the mitochondrial membranes, along with the well-known participation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in triggering apoptosis, led us to propose that lipid microdomains in mitochondria could coexist as structural elements with some of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore-forming proteins and with members of the Bcl-2 family. In this work, we demonstrated that Bax was associated preferentially with mitochondrial detergent-resistant membranes (mDRMs) in reperfused rat hearts, a well-known apoptotic model. Bax insertion into mDRMs correlated with cytochrome c release from such mitochondria. Bax location in mDRMs was associated with both the voltage-dependent anion channel and the adenine nucleotide translocator, two mitochondrial permeability transition pore-forming proteins. Interestingly, the voltage-dependent anion channel was more abundant in the mDRM fraction than in the Triton X-100-soluble fraction. Ceramide and cholesterol contents were higher in mDRMs from reperfused hearts. Our results suggest that membrane microenvironments enriched in cholesterol and ceramide in mitochondria favor Bax translocation to this organelle, fostering propagation of the apoptotic cascade.
The Gridding of MOS (2008)

Abstract Model output statistics (MOS) guidance forecasts have been produced at stations and provided to National Weather Service forecasters and private entities for over three decades. As the numerical weather prediction models became more accurate, MOS followed that trend. Up until a few years ago, the MOS produced at observation locations met the basic need for guidance. With the advent of the Interactive Forecast Preparation System and the National Digital Forecast Database, gridded MOS forecasts became needed as guidance for forecasters. One method of providing such grids is to objectively analyze the MOS forecasts for points. A basic successive correction method has been extended to analyze MOS forecasts and surface weather variables. This method is being applied to MOS forecasts to provide guidance for producing grids of sensible weather elements such as temperature, clouds, and snow amount. Guidance forecasts have been implemented for the conterminous United States for most weather elements contained in routine weather forecasts. This paper describes the method applied to daytime maximum temperature over the conterminous United States and gives example results.
A Map Registration Localization Approach Based on Mobile Beacons for Wireless Sensor Networks (2011)

In this paper, a new sensor localization approach is presented, which is based on the use of a mobile beacon and a map registration algorithm for wireless sensor network applications. The localization system consists of a mobile beacon and beacon receiving modules on each sensor node. Internode distances are obtained during the stage of sensor node deployment using the mobile beacon. The map registration algorithm uses inter-node distance measurements to estimate the sensor node locations. The algorithm is able to improve localization performance for sparse networks and networks with irregular topology. The proposed localization approach is a GPS-less solution, which makes it attractive for applications where GPS access is not available. Computer simulations are used to evaluate the localization performance of the proposed approaches under different scenarios.
The Myth of Meroe and the African Iron Age (1969)

In recent years archaeologists have been devoting increasing attention to the Iron Age cultures of sub-Saharan Africa and have been attempting to trace the origins and spread of iron-working in that region. During the same period the development of iron-working has received relatively little attention in North Africa, a region long dominated by an archaeology that eschews the study of technology for that of epigraphy. From the viewpoint of sub-Saharan archaeology this is unfortunate since most of the recent discussions of the origins of ironworking in the latter region postulate its derivation from southwest Asia by way of North Africa. l Testing the various hypotheses that have been advanced will require a detailed knowledge of the archaeology of the northern part of the African continent.2
Assessment of the diversity of Paenibacillus species in environmental samples by a novel rpoB-based PCR-DGGE method (2005)

A specific PCR system based on the gene encoding the RNA polymerase beta subunit, rpoB, was developed for amplification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting of Paenibacillus communities in environmental samples. This gene has been previously proven to be a powerful identification tool for the discrimination of species within the genus Paenibacillus and could avoid the limitations of 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic analysis. Initially, the PCR system based on universal rpoB primers were used to amplify DNAs of different Paenibacillus species. A new reverse primer (rpoBPAEN) was further designed based on an insertion of six nucleotides in the Paenibacillus sequences analyzed. This semi-nested PCR system was evaluated for specificity using DNAs isolated from 27 Paenibacillus species belonging to different 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic groups and seven non-Paenibacillus species. The non-Paenibacillus species were not amplified using this PCR approach and one group of Paenibacillus species consisting of strains without the six-base insert also were not amplified; these latter strains were found to be distinct based on 16S rRNA gene phylogeny. In addition, a clone library was generated from the rpoB fragments amplified from two Brazilian soil types (Cerrado and Forest) and all 62 clones sequenced were closely related to one of the 22 sequences from Paenibacillus previously obtained in this study. To assess the diversity of Paenibacillus species in Cerrado and Forest soils and in the rhizosphere of different cultivars of maize, a PCR-DGGE system was used. The Paenibacillus DGGE fingerprints showed a clear distinction between communities of Paenibacillus in Forest and Cerrado soils and rhizosphere samples clustered along Cerrado soil. Profiles of cultivars CMS22 and CMS36 clustered together, with only 53% of similarity to CMS11 and CMS04. The results presented here demonstrate the potential use of the rpoB-based Paenibacillus-specific PCR-DGGE method for studying the diversity of Paenibacillus populations in natural environments.
Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to impairment of insulin sensitivity and adiponectin secretion in adipocytes (2012)

Adipocytes play an integrative role in the regulation of energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis in the human body. Functional defects in adipocytes may cause systemic disturbance of glucose homeostasis. Recent studies revealed mitochondrial abnormalities in the adipose tissue of patients with type 2 diabetes. In addition, patients with mitochondrial diseases usually manifest systemic metabolic disorder. However, it is unclear how mitochondrial dysfunction in adipocytes affects the regulation of glucose homeostasis. In this study, we induced mitochondrial dysfunction and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by addition of respiratory inhibitors oligomycin A and antimycin A and by knockdown of mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA), respectively. We found an attenuation of the insulin response as indicated by lower glucose uptake and decreased phosphorylation of Akt upon insulin stimulation of adipocytes with mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, the expression of glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) and secretion of adiponectin were decreased in adipocytes with increased ROS generated by defective mitochondria. Moreover, the severity of insulin insensitivity was correlated with the extent of mitochondrial dysfunction. These results suggest that higher intracellular ROS levels elicited by mitochondrial dysfunction resulted in impairment of the function of adipocytes in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis through attenuation of insulin signaling, downregulation of Glut4 expression, and decrease in adiponectin secretion. Our findings substantiate the important role of mitochondria in the regulation of glucose homeostasis in adipocytes and also provide a molecular basis for the explanation of the manifestation of diabetes mellitus or insulin insensitivity in a portion of patients with mitochondrial diseases such as MELAS or MERRF syndrome.
Physical properties of bacterial poly((<i>R</i>)-3-hydroxyalkanoates) (1995)

Poly((R)-3-hydroxyalkanoates) are bacterial storage polyesters, currently receiving much attention because of their potential application as biodegradable and biocompatible plastics. Methods and skills from both microbiology and polymer science can be used to manipulate these materials to make their physical properties meet the requirements for specific applications. The present paper reviews the physical properties of the most promising poly((R)-3-hydroxyalkanoates) as well as the opportunities offered by polymer technology to improve them, emphasizing the mechanical properties in relation to structure and processing.Key words: biopolymers, poly(hydroxyalkanoates), PHB, PHA.
Iterated DFT based techniques for join size estimation (1998)

The aim of query optimizers in relational database systems is to select the most ecient way among all the possible ways of executing a query. In practice this process requires approximating the cost of possible execution sequences and selecting the cheapest one in terms of a cost metric, which is usually the resulting size of the query operation. The accuracy of this approximation is crucial to the performance of the database
Fetal origins of the <i>TEL-AML1</i> fusion gene in identical twins with leukemia (1998)

The TEL (ETV6)-AML1 (CBFA2) gene fusion is the most common reciprocal chromosomal rearrangement in childhood cancer occurring in approximately 25% of the most predominant subtype of leukemia- common acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The TEL-AML1 genomic sequence has been characterized in a pair of monozygotic twins diagnosed at ages 3 years, 6 months and 4 years, 10 months with common acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The twin leukemic DNA shared the same unique (or clonotypic) but nonconstitutive TEL-AML1 fusion sequence. The most plausible explanation for this finding is a single cell origin of the TEL-AML fusion in one fetus in utero, probably as a leukemia-initiating mutation, followed by intraplacental metastasis of clonal progeny to the other twin. Clonal identity is further supported by the finding that the leukemic cells in the two twins shared an identical rearranged IGH allele. These data have implications for the etiology and natural history of childhood leukemia.
Stratigraphy and Paleoecology of the Productus Creek Group, South Island, New Zealand (1975)

Abstract In middle and late Permian time, the Productus Creek area of South land, New Zealand, was the site of simultaneous accumulation of shallow marine, biogenic carbonate and immature volcanogenic sediments. The prismatic shell fragments of the bivalve Atomodesma formed the major limestones; this suggests a well‐established bank environment. Less extensive calcareous Bryozoa banks succeeded the Atomodesma banks, and were covered in turn by a prograding conglomerate in late Permian time. Trends in fossil assemblages, clay mineralogy, sediment sizes, and sediment thicknesses suggest a nearby Permian shore line north‐west of Productus Creek. Two hypothetical transgression‐regression models of the Productus Creek Group are discussed: (a) a migrating delta and (b) eustatic sea‐level variation which takes into account contemporaneous glacial events in Australia and elsewhere. One new informal formation, the Weetwood Formation , is named, and the Mangarewa, Elsdun, and Hawtel Formations are redefined.
Functional role of N-glycosylation in alpha 5 beta 1 integrin receptor. De-N-glycosylation induces dissociation or altered association of alpha 5 and beta 1 subunits and concomitant loss of fibronectin binding activity. (1994)

Fibronectin (FN)-mediated cell adhesion is controlled mainly by alpha 5 beta 1 (recognizing the RGD sequence) and alpha 4 beta 1 (recognizing the CS-1 peptide sequence of FN) integrin receptors. Integrin-dependent cell adhesion to FN is greatly promoted by optimal GM3 concentration at the surface membrane (Zheng, M., Fang, H., Tsuruoka, T., Tsuji, T., Sasaki, T., and Hakomori, S. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 2217-2222), and cell adhesion mediated by alpha 4 beta 1 (to FN) or alpha 6 beta 1 (to laminin) is inhibited by modifying N-glycosylation processing of the integrin receptor (e.g. Akiyama, S. K., Yamada, S. S., and Yamada, K. M. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 18011-18018). We therefore studied the specific role of N-glycosylation in alpha 5 beta 1 function. Key findings of the present study were as follows. (i) Adhesion of K562 cells to FN-coated plates, which is mediated solely by alpha 5 beta 1, was inhibited when cells were treated with a mixture of endo-N-acetylglucosaminidase F and peptide -N4-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)asparagine amidase F (endo-F/PNGase-F). (ii) The alpha 5 beta 1 receptor at the K562 cell surface tended to dissociate into alpha 5 and beta 1 subunits when an extract of cells treated with endo-F/PNGase-F was precipitated by integrin subunit-specific antibodies, i.e. the alpha 5 subunit was preferentially precipitated by anti-alpha 5 monoclonal antibody ZH5, and the beta 1 subunit was preferentially precipitated by anti-beta 1 monoclonal antibody ZH1. When intact cells were extracted and treated with either ZH5 or ZH1, both alpha 5 and beta 1 were coprecipitated, indicating that the two subunits are normally tightly associated with each other. (iii) Adhesion of alpha 5 beta 1-containing liposomes (phosphatidylcholine:cholesterol liposomes incorporating purified alpha 5 beta 1) to FN-coated plates was abolished by treatment of liposomes with endo-F/PNGase-F. Liposomes incorporating alpha 5 beta 1 pretreated with endo-F/PNGase-F also did not bind to FN. When purified alpha 5 beta 1 receptor was treated with endo-F/PNGase-F followed by ZH5 or ZH1, the alpha 5 or beta 1 subunit was precipitated separately, respectively. In contrast, both subunits were always coprecipitated when intact purified alpha 5 beta 1 receptor was directly treated with ZH5 or ZH1. These findings indicate that N-glycosylation of both the alpha and beta subunits of the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin receptor is essential for association of these subunits and for optimal binding to FN.
Broadband Antenna Study (1975)

Abstract : The subject material may be classified in three separate topics. These are: the analysis of dielectric slab-covered waveguide arrays on large cylinders (extended array coverage), scattering from dielectric-covered periodic screens of small rectangular apertures (broadband antenna/radome technology), and the analysis of a stripline fed notch antenna and antenna array (broadband antennas). The report briefly summarizes the first two study areas where detailed accounts are included in Scientific Report No. 1 (AFCRL-73-0587) and Scientific Report No. 2 (AFCRL-74-0173). The investigation of the notch antenna and notch antenna arrays for broadband application are the primary subject material covered in the report.
The effect of pH on the <i>in vitro</i> degradation of poly(glycolide lactide) copolymer absorbable sutures (1982)

The pH effect on the hydrolytic degradation of Polyglactin 910 copolymer was studied in terms of the tensile properties of the suture specimens. The use of a cord/yarn grip, newly designed specifically for fibrous materials, eliminated the grip-induced failure. Different degrees of hydrolytic degradation of this copolymer at 3 different pH levels were observed. The suture specimens exhibited the best retentions of breaking strength at the physiological pH of 7.44, while the specimens at pH = 10.09 showed the fastest loss of breaking strength. Thus, a maximum retention of tensile properties occurred around the pH level of 7.0, whereas smaller percentages of retention of tensile properties were observed at both acidic and strong alkaline solutions. This synthetic absorbable suture material exhibits the basic characteristic of hydrolysis which is catalyzed by both acid and base.
Dynamic background modeling and subtraction using spatio-temporal local binary patterns (2008)

Traditional background modeling and subtraction methods have a strong assumption that the scenes are of static structures with limited perturbation. These methods will perform poorly in dynamic scenes. In this paper, we present a solution to this problem. We first extend the local binary patterns from spatial domain to spatio-temporal domain, and present a new online dynamic texture extraction operator, named spatio-temporal local binary patterns (STLBP). Then we present a novel and effective method for dynamic background modeling and subtraction using STLBP. In the proposed method, each pixel is modeled as a group of STLBP dynamic texture histograms which combine spatial texture and temporal motion information together. Compared with traditional methods, experimental results show that the proposed method adapts quickly to the changes of the dynamic background. It achieves accurate detection of moving objects and suppresses most of the false detections for dynamic changes of nature scenes.
Moving heat source in a confined channel: Heat transfer and boiling in endovenous laser ablation of varicose veins (2017)

Motion of a moving laser light heat source in a confined volume has important applications such as in endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of varicose veins. This light heats up the fluid and the wall volume by absorption and heat conduction. The present study compares the flow and temperature fields in a horizontal tube of 4 mm inner diameter in three idealizations of the EVLA procedure: water with a bare fiber tip, water with a carbonized layer on the fiber tip, and blood. Without boiling, the convection patterns in water and blood are similar and Grashof numbers are high enough to guarantee buoyancy induced flow and axial mixing, while preserving some stratification. A carbonized layer at the fiber tip promotes boiling in water at moderate laser powers. Boiling bubbles in water rapidly detach from the tip, with or without a carbonized layer, and promote mixing and a locally homogeneous temperature field. At 15 W laser power and 4 mm/s pullback speed in blood, a gas bubble may be formed that sticks at the fiber tip, causing strong local heating and possibly fiber damage.
A 12 bit 600 kS/s digitally self-calibrated pipeline algorithmic ADC (1993)

This paper describes an algorithmic A/D converter which employs digital error correction and self-calibration. In this paper, an approach is described that employs a nominal radix 2, 1.5 bit/stage conversion algorithm. The technique discussed in this paper can be applied to any cyclic or pipelined algorithmic converter, does not require extra clock cycles during the conversion, and no additional analog circuitry is needed. The analog circuit is extremely simple, using one operational amplifier and two latches per stage.
A Quantitative Analysis of the Migration, Attachment, and Orientation of Human Gingival Fibroblasts to Human Dental Root Surfaces in vitro (1990)

The purpose of this study was to assess the migration, attachment, and orientation of human gingival fibroblasts to human dental roots over a period of 21 days in vitro. The fibroblasts were incubated with a total of 120 periodontally diseased and non-diseased root slices (200 microns thickness) which had been treated in the following manner: 1) Root planed diseased root (DT); 2) Root planed and citric acid demineralized diseased root (DTD); 3) Non-treated diseased root (DNT); 4) Citric acid demineralized diseased root (DNTD); 5) Non-diseased control (ND); 6) Citric acid demineralized non-diseased root (CA); 7) Citric acid and collagenase digested non-diseased root (CAC); 8) EDTA demineralized non-diseased root (E); and 9) EDTA-demineralized and collagenase-digested non-diseased root (EC). The results showed that that most active phase of cell attachment and orientation occurred during the first 10 days of the experiment. Statistical differences were observed between the variables, and, in terms of cell attachment and orientation to the root slices, it was concluded that: 1) Root planing improves diseased roots; 2) Acid demineralization subsequent to root planing improved diseased roots to such an extent as to render them comparable to non-diseased roots; 3) Citric acid demineralization alone improved diseased roots to the same extent as root planed diseased roots; 4) The exposure of collagen fibrils resulting from acid demineralization of the tools is not the sole reason for the improvement of the root surface, but rather a combination of the exposed collagen fibrils with the creation of a more hospitable environment was found to be responsible.
One- and two-dimensional algorithms for length 15 and 30 discrete cosine transforms (1996)

In this brief we show that particular efficiencies in Discrete Cosine Transforms can be realized if we use sample lengths of 15 and 30. Using sparse matrix factorization, 1-D algorithms for length 15 and 30 discrete cosine transforms (DCT) are first developed and then generalized to the two dimensional DCT. We show that these algorithms are more efficient than the commonly used radix-2 algorithms, and general prime factor algorithms, for the DCT in terms of the number of required multiplications and additions. The new algorithms possess the property of only one multiplication in any signal path.
Cytotoxicity enhancement in MDA-MB-231 cells by the combination treatment of tetrahydropalmatine and berberine derived from Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang (2014)

Our findings suggested that the combination of THP and Ber might be beneficial for anti-proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells through a significant synergy effect.