gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medical use of fast neutrons in radiotherapy and radiography (1975)

Over 400 patients have been treated with fast neutrons from a cyclotron at Hammersmith Hospital, London, using 16 MeV deuterons on beryllium. A large variety of malignant disease is included in this trial. A randomized trial of fast neutron therapy for cancer of the mouth and throat is in progress and preliminary results will be given. Fast neutron radiographs are often taken to check the positions of the fields used on the patients. These show no contrast from bone, but demonstrate only the presence of gas-filled cavities. As a diagnostic method, fast neutron radiography suffers from a number of disadvantages, the main ones being lack of sensitivity of the image-forming system and the hazard to the patient due to a large Quality Factor. Estimation of the absorbed dose given to different types of tissue is an important factor in the medical use of fast neutrons. More data are needed on the processes whereby fast neutrons impart energy to matter, particularly for neutrons above 15 MeV. (auth)
Effects of serum protein opsonization on cytokine release by titanium-alloy particles (1998)

This study tested whether macrophages respond differently to retrieved titanium-alloy particles than they do to machined titanium-alloy particles and assessed whether pretreatment of machined titanium-alloy particles with human serum would influence macrophage activation and cytokine release in vitro. Human monocyte/macrophages were isolated from normal healthy donors and exposed to increasing concentrations of machined and retrieved titanium-alloy particles. The profile of cytokine release was determined by commercially available ELISA kits. Machined titanium-alloy particles were opsonized with human serum and added to macrophage cultures. Serum protein binding was confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis. The results showed that machined titanium-alloy particles and retrieved titanium-alloy particles stimulate a similar level of cytokine release when tested at comparable concentrations. Opsonization of the machined particles with human serum increased the macrophage release of cytokines in the first 12 h after exposure compared to nonopsonized particles. At 24 h, the opsonized particles stimulated significantly higher levels of cytokine release, but only at the greatest particle concentrations. This study demonstrates that machined titanium alloy induces a metabolic response in macrophages similar to that of titanium-alloy particles retrieved from failed total hip arthroplasty. In addition, these data show that serum protein binding to orthopedic biomaterial debris alters the macrophage reaction to the particles.
Galileo Receivers - Challenges and Performance (2004)

This paper addresses the Test User Receivers (TUR) of the Galileo Satellite Navigation System. The paper explains the concept of TURs highlighting the difference between TUR and a commercial receiver. An outline of the high-level requirements for the TUR is provided. Functional and performance requirements are presented. The interfaces between the TUR and the Galileo System are summarized, in particular the signals in space of the Galileo System. The key differences between Galileo and GPS receivers are identified, explained, and discussed.
A novel wideband radio frequency measurement based on photonic signal processing (2020)

Abstract Photonic signal processing is a suitable alternative of electronics based processing for wideband frequency detection. We propose a novel technique for the detection of a wide range of frequencies based on photonic signal processing. The unknown frequency to be measured is used to modulate a tunable optical source by implementing single sideband suppressed carrier modulation. The modulated signal is combined with two fixed frequency optical carriers to perform heterodyne detection. The frequency of the tunable laser source is swept until significant power of the beat signal is observed after photodetection. A mathematical expression is presented that can be used to measure the frequency of the unknown electrical signal based on value of the center frequency of tunable laser source. The effect of increasing laser linewidth up to 100 MHz and instantaneous shift in laser center frequency up to 200 MHz has also been demonstrated. It has been shown that the proposed technique can measure almost any radio frequency by simply varying the frequency of the tunable laser source.
The Features of Craters Formation on the Target under the Action of Powerful Laser Pulse (2003)

The results of experimental and theoretical investigations of craters originating in solid targets of different materials when powerful Nd:glass laser pulse irradiates the surface at flux densities in the range of 1010–1014 W/cm2 are presented. The experimentally observed dependencies of crater depth and ablated mass on laser pulse energy and target material properties are analysed employing the theory of shock wave initiation and propagation under the action of the plasma‐producing laser beam. From the comparison of the theoretically deduced and experimentally observed dependencies, a simple formula is derived allowing to determine the pressures in the shock wave and in the plasma corona using the measurements for the crater depth and ablated mass.
Phased antenna array design with CST STUDIO SUITE (2016)

This paper illustrates a full simulation design flow for a low profile Ku band satellite communications phased array for airborne use. A variety of numerical methods are used in tandem on a single model within a single simulation environment to perform the complete design and analysis of the array. An FEM simulation with a full Floquet port boundary implementation is used to optimize the cell geometry of the array unit cell simultaneously for operation at multiple frequencies and multiple scan angles. A time domain approach is used to analyse the full array including edge effects and curvature of an enclosure. A hybrid field coupling approach employs an asymptotic shooting bouncing ray (SBR) simulation to predict the installed performance of the array on the roof of an aircraft. The effect of an aerodynamic sandwich radome is considered as part on the radiating structure, both at the unit cell level and the full array level.
The Effects of Unilateral, Experimental Varicocele Are Not Mediated Through the Ipsilateral Testis (1987)

Unilateral varicocele has been associated with diminished male fertility in humans and with bilateral physiologic and histologic changes in the testis of humans and laboratory animals. In particular, left varicocele in Sprague-Dawley rats results in bilateral increases in testicular temperature and blood flow. The mechanism by which unilateral varicocele can cause testicular changes is not known. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether or not the presence of either the ipsilateral or contralateral testicle is necessary for these effects of the varicocele to occur in the opposite testis. Varicoceles were created in adult, male rats by partial constriction of the left renal vein. Bilateral testicular blood flow was measured by a radiolabelled microsphere distribution technique and testicular temperature was taken with a needle probe thermometer. Right or left orchiectomies were performed on selected animals at the time of surgery to establish the unilateral left varicocele. Animals were studied 30 days after surgery. Mean testicular blood flow was significantly increased (P less than 0.01) in all animals having a left varicocele when compared with animals not having a varicocele regardless of whether a unilateral orchiectomy was performed. Likewise, the mean difference between intraabdominal temperature and intratesticular temperature (delta T) was significantly decreased in all groups of animals having varicoceles when compared with groups without varicoceles whether or not an orchiectomy had been performed. Thus, the studied bilateral effects of left-sided, experimental varicocele in the rat are not dependent upon the presence of a left testicle.
Crossed Beam Collision Mechanics: Reactions of Ca, Sr, and Ba with HI and Limits on D° for CaI, SrI, and BaI (1972)

Angular distributions of MI (M=Ca, Sr, or Ba) products scattered from crossed beams of HI and M are reported and compared with derived expressions for the angular distributions of the velocities of the center-of-mass. These comparisons indicate that the reaction threshold relative kinetic energies, E*, are 5, 4, and 2.5 kcal/mole for the Ca, Sr, and Ba+HI reactions, respectively. Energy conservation and these measured E* values establish rigorous lower bounds for D0°(MI) of 64 (CaI), 65 (SrI), and 66 (BaI) kcal/mole.
Mitochondrial Perturbations Couple mTORC2 to Autophagy in C. elegans (2019)

Autophagy is stimulated by stress conditions and needs to be precisely tuned to ensure cellular homeostasis and organismal development and health. The kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) forms the enzymatic core of the highly conserved mTOR complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTORC1 is a key inhibitor of autophagy, yet the function of mTORC2 in autophagy is controversial. We here show that inactivation of mTORC2 and its direct target serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK-1) potently induces autophagy and the autophagic degradation of mitochondria in C. elegans. Enhanced autophagy in mTORC2- or SGK-1-deficient animals contributes to their developmental and reproductive defects and is independent of the canonical SGK-1 effector DAF-16/FOXO. Importantly, we find that inactivation of mTORC2-SGK-1 signaling impairs mitochondrial homeostasis and triggers an increased release of mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (mtROS) to induce autophagy. Thus, mitochondrial stress couples reduced mTORC2 activity to enhanced autophagic turnover.
Purification and Characterization of Hepatic P-450Iie1 from Acetone-Treated Mice (1993)

A new cytochrome P-450 isozyme (Mr = 52,000) was purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity from hepatic microsomes of mice treated with acetone and its biochemical, spectral, and immunological properties characterized. Several criteria indicated that the purified cytochrome was distinct from the known mouse P-450 isozymes. The absolute spectrum of its oxidized form indicated that it was in the high spin state. In a reconstituted system, it showed low catalytic activities towards 7-ethoxycoumarin, aminopyrine, and coumarin, whereas it catalyzed the oxidation of aniline, acetone, dimethylnitrosamine with high turnover number. The mouse enzyme was immunoreactive with polyclonal antibodies against rat P-450IIE1 and exhibited an NH2-terminal aminoacid sequence with a high homology to that of rat-P-450IIE1. Based upon the above catalytic, spectral, immunological and structural properties, the purified mouse P-450 appears to be the ortholog of previously described P-450IIE1(s) of other species.
Immunofluorescence detection applications using DyLight <sup>TM</sup> Fluorescent Conjugates (2009)

Immunofluorescence detection has become a powerful tool in life science and biomedical research. Fluorescence enables uses in multiplexed and homogenous assays in broad range of linear detection, increased sensitivities, greater selectivity, higher signal‐to‐noise relative to colorimetric methods, and safe handling and disposal of fluorescent reagents. Thermo Scientific offers a number of amine and Sulfhydryl Reactive DyLight fluorophores and protein conjugates across the visible and infrared regions of the spectrum. DyLight conjugates generate bright fluorescence intensity, photostability during long image capture times, good water solubility, and pH insensitivity. The spectral separation of our dyes facilitates the design of multiple labeling experiments in sophisticated cell biology and biomedically relevant applications. The excitation and emission spectra of the DyLight dyes are compatible with common laser and filter sets. We demonstrated here the use of Thermo Scientific DyLight conjugates with high reproducibility in multiplex labeling experiments, using fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Thermo Scientific DyLight conjugates are also ideal for quantitative evaluation of biological processes using techniques such as high content screening, RNAi, flow cytometry, fluorescent western blotting, and in vivo imaging.
Theory of the He-phonon forces at a metal surface (2002)

The forces governing the inelastic scattering of He atoms from the surface phonons of a metal surface have been obtained from first principles as functions of the surface ground-state properties. The large inelastic scattering intensities which have been observed in association with the anomalous longitudinal surface modes of noble and transition metals are interpreted in the light of the present new theory.
Unusual Components of the Toadstool <i>Lyophyllum connatum</i> (Agaricales) (1984)

Before consuming the toadstool Lyophyllum connatum a warning should be given: Compounds similar to the components of connatin 1 (main chromogen) and lyophyllin 2 react strongly mutagenically. The structure of 2, the first alkylazooxycarboxamide, has been confirmed by synthesis.
Complications of Cutaneous Surgery in Patients Who Are Taking Warfarin, Aspirin, or Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (1996)

Cutaneous surgery in patients who receive warfarin or platelet inhibitors is associated with a low risk of severe complications, not significantly reduced by brief preoperative discontinuation.
A novel angularly fused bistetracene: facile synthesis, crystal packing and single-crystal field effect transistors (2017)

Simply “migrating” the aromatic sextet of <italic>cata</italic>-condensed 2D PAH with the same number of fused benzene rings affords novel organic semiconductors with different properties.
Atypisches Verhalten von Thiophenderivaten gegeniiber Reduktions- bzw. Thionierungs-Versuchen (2003)

To prepare required thiolactarns. initial experiments were done with the lactarns 1 - 3 and Lawessol reagent. However in preliminary trials. treatment of the compounds failed to give the desired molecules. Modification of the reaction conditions. paticularly with regard to the solvent and the reaction temperature. did not permit the preparation of the corresponding thiolactams. The keto function in position 6 was thought to be responsible for this atypical behaviour. Therefore. as the following step. the acetyl group in compounds 1 - 3 should be reduced to the corresponding ethyl derivatives. This reaction did not give the needed bicycles. Reduction of compounds 4 - 6 with triethylsilanel trifluoroacetic acid brought up compounds 7 - 9.
Viruses (2003)

Abstract Viruses are microbial parasites which make the infected host manufacture more virus. They do this purely by inserting information diverting the host system to their own ends, in ways which are both subtle and profound.
Introduction of the Mazda Advanced Safety Vehicle (2002)

Mazda has developed Mazda ASV based on two technological themes; precautionary safety technologies which help reduce driver's error through an enhanced human interface between the vehicle and the driver, and accident avoidance technologies which function as a back-up in case of careless mistakes. Mazda focused on the facts that the mistakes of careless drivers have been the cause of the greater part of accidents and that about twenty percent of traffic deaths have happened while pedestrians cross streets. To help solve these problems, Mazda actively takes part in the Study Group for Promotion of ASV (Advanced Safety Vehicle) headed by the Japanese Ministry of Transport, and researches and develops advanced safety technologies. This paper introduces the concept of accident prevention based on the analysis of traffic accidents and the accident avoidance technologies we developed and installed on Mazda ASV.
Classification multilingue et multimédia pour la recherche d'images dans le projet OMNIA (2010)

National audience
Influence of Lewis and other blood group systems in kidney transplantation. (1983)

In 167 first cadaver kidney recipients and their donors the blood groups ABO, Rhesus, Lewis, MN, Ss, P, Kell and Duffy were determined. The influence of incompatibility in each system as well as of simultaneous presence of several mismatches was analysed. Whereas one-year graft survival of Lewis-compatible grafts was 67 per cent (p = 0.02). The other blood groups showed no significant effect on graft outcome. Cumulative red cell incompatibilities, however, led to decreased survival rates. One-year graft survival in the group with greater than or equal to 4 incompatibilities was only 51 per cent versus 69 per cent in transplants with less than 4 incompatibilities (18% difference, p less than 0.01). When the Lewis system was excluded from analysis, the difference in survival rates was reduced to only six per cent. These data indicate that cumulative incompatibilities of red cell antigens have an unfavourable effect on graft survival. Of the different blood groups, the Lewis system is of major importance.
TRACE VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS OF BEER. II. HOP WAX (1961)

Hop wax has been found to occur in beer and is present in concentrations of 0.5-0.6 p.p.m. The wax occurs in the non-steam volatile fraction of the neutral ether solubles of beer. A number of acids produced by saponification of hop wax have been shown also to occur as volatile constituents of beer. The particular sample of hop wax used is shown to have very little effect on the rate of deterioration of a acids. Certain aspects of the photoisomerization of humulone and humulone-hop wax combinations are discussed.
Analysis of central B cell tolerance in autoimmune-prone MRL/lpr mice bearing autoantibody transgenes (1996)

The effect of the autoimmune prone MRL/lpr (H-2k) genetic background on central B cell tolerance was studied in mice bearing 3-83 (anti-H-2Kk) Ig heavy and light chain transgenes. B cells bearing the dominant, transgene-encoded anti-H-2Kk specificity were tolerized appropriately on the MRL/lpr genetic background. Nevertheless, mice developed disease traits characteristic of the MRL/lpr strain, including lymphadenopathy and elevated levels of IgG dsDNA autoantibodies. Two transgenic lines were examined in this analysis: 3-83 mu delta, which expresses IgM and IgD forms of the 3-83 Ab, and Tol 1, which expresses only the IgM form of 3-83. The results obtained differed somewhat between the two transgenic lines. Crosses using 3-83 mu(delta) mice never demonstrated any defects in B cell self-tolerance to H-2Kk. Similarly, no Kk autoantibody production was seen in Tol 1 mice that were backcrossed onto the MRL/lpr genetic background and maintained in a specific pathogen-free facility. However, a subset of Tol 1/MRL/lpr mice that were housed in a conventional mouse facility demonstrated significant transgene-derived anti-Kk autoantibodies. Overall, these results suggest that there is no general defect in central B cell tolerance in MRL/lpr mice, despite their defect in the fas gene. These findings suggest similarities between the MRL/lpr T and B cell systems, because both fail to manifest clear central tolerance defects, but they nevertheless promote hyperplasia and autoimmunity in the peripheral immune system.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of (‐)‐Robustadial A and Some Analogues. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Survey of Visualization for Live Cell Imaging (2016)

Abstract Live cell imaging is an important biomedical research paradigm for studying dynamic cellular behaviour. Although phenotypic data derived from images are difficult to explore and analyse, some researchers have successfully addressed this with visualization. Nonetheless, visualization methods for live cell imaging data have been reported in an ad hoc and fragmented fashion. This leads to a knowledge gap where it is difficult for biologists and visualization developers to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of different visualization methods, and for visualization researchers to gain an overview of existing work to identify research priorities. To address this gap, we survey existing visualization methods for live cell imaging from a visualization research perspective for the first time. Based on recent visualization theory, we perform a structured qualitative analysis of visualization methods that includes characterizing the domain and data, abstracting tasks, and describing visual encoding and interaction design. Based on our survey, we identify and discuss research gaps that future work should address: the broad analytical context of live cell imaging; the importance of behavioural comparisons; links with dynamic data visualization; the consequences of different data modalities; shortcomings in interactive support; and, in addition to analysis, the value of the presentation of phenotypic data and insights to other stakeholders.
Abstract 4383: Incidence of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study (2008)

We have previously determined a prevalence of 7.85% [95%CI: 5.70–10.00] of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in a large multicentre systemic sclerosis (SSc) population (the ItinerAIR Scleroderma registry). We used a screening algorithm based on dyspnea, Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of the peak velocity of tricuspid regurgitation (VTR) and right heart catheterisation (RHC). No study has determined the incidence of PAH in a large population at risk. To determine the incidence of PAH over 3 years of follow-up in the ItinerAIR SSc registry. Patients underwent regular screening for PAH with Doppler echocardiography confirmed by RHC in patients with VTR of 2.8–3 m/s and unexplained dyspnea, or VTR >3 m/s. 384 patients were followed for a mean of 41±5.6 months (median 41 months). The baseline characteristics of this population were: 87% female, mean age 53±12 years, mean duration of SSc at study entry 8.7±7.6 years, and 24.0% with diffuse SSc. Doppler echocardiography detected PAH in 18 patients (incidence: 1.37 per 100 patient-years). Among these, RHC identified 8 patients with pre-capillary PAH (incidence: 0.61 per 100 patient-years [95%CI: 0.26–1.20]), 8 with post-capillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) and 2 with PH due to severe interstitial lung disease. The 8 patients with pre-capillary PAH had moderate PAH (mean pulmonary pressure: 36±14.6 mmHg). Among the 8 patients with post-capillary PH, echocardiography was always considered normal by the expert cardiologist, except in 2 cases (moderate left atrial dilatation in one and mild aortic sclerosis in the other). These 8 patients had mild post-capillary PH, 5 of them having normal mean pulmonary pressure at rest but a significant increase during exercise with a pulmonary wedge pressure > 15 mmHg. In this large multicentre SSc cohort we prospectively found an incidence of PAH of 0.61 per 100 patient-years. We also demonstrated that RHC is still mandatory to precisely define the type of pulmonary hypertension since mild post-capillary PH without echocardiographic abnormalities are frequent.
Development of the Waukesha 16V150 LTD Advanced Power Generation Engine (2006)

Waukesha Engine has developed an advanced power generation engine using technologies that were developed as part of the Department of Energy-Advanced Reciprocating Engine Systems (ARES) program. The engine uses lean-burn technologies for high efficiency, and low NOx emissions. The technical goals for the ARES program were 50% Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) and 0.075 g/kW-hr NOx emissions (with aftertreatment). The goals for the Waukesha Engine Phase 1 Advanced Power Generation (APG) engine are 42% Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) and 0.75 g/kW-hr (1.0 g/Bhp-hr) NOx emissions, capable of 0.075 g/kW-hr (0.1 g/Bhp-hr) with aftertreatment. The barriers and technical paths applied to achieve this performance are discussed in this paper.