gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Galvanomagnetic properties and magnetic domain structure of epitaxial MnAs films on GaAs(001) (1996)

Epitaxial MnAs films on GaAs(001) in the thickness range 20–200 nm were studied. Using ordinary and extraordinary Hall effect data to determine the field required for perpendicular saturation and saturation magnetizations reported elsewhere, we determined the shape anisotropy constant in the basal plane of the hexagonal structure to be 3.7(0.6)×105 erg/cm3 and the surface anisotropy constant to be −1.3(0.4) erg/cm2. The negative sign indicates thin enough films will be perpendicularly magnetized. By magnetic force microscopy of a 100 nm film we found stripe domains with 180° Bloch walls, thereby avoiding the hard c axis. The widths of the domains and the walls are 4.0(0.3) μm and 95(6) nm, respectively. In magnetoresistance, we observed behavior similar to other ferromagnets, namely peaks centered around the positive and negative coercive fields, and at fields beyond the coercive field a linear dependence on magnetic field. The electrical resistance showed rapid increase with temperature beginning about 5° below the Curie temperature (40 °C) caused by the change in crystal structure from hexagonal to orthorhombic. The resistivities are, respectively, 300(24) and 375(30) μΩ cm. Comparison with bulk values indicates the large lower temperature value is partly due to the presence of some orthorhombic phase observed in x-ray studies.
A layer-by-layer assembled MoS<sub>2</sub> thin film as an efficient platform for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis of small molecules (2017)

A chip-based platform for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) analysis of small molecules was developed by utilizing layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of MoS<sub>2</sub> nanoflakes and polyallylamine on an arbitrary substrate. The LDI-MS efficiency of small molecules on MoS<sub>2</sub> films increased as a function of LBL assembly cycles until reaching a saturation point. The optimized MoS<sub>2</sub> nanoflake film exhibits high LDI-MS efficiency, salt tolerance, reusability and uniform ionic signal distribution, and its performance was further enhanced by surface modification with perfluoroalkanes mimicking a clathrate nanostructure.
TPA-Activated Transcription of the Human <i>MnSOD</i> Gene: Role of Transcription Factors SP-1 and Egr-1 (2001)

Induction of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in response to oxidative stress has been well established in animals, tissues, and cell culture. However, the role of the human MnSOD (hMnSOD) promoter in stimulus-dependent activation of transcription is unknown. The hMnSOD promoter lacks both a TATA and a CAAT box but possesses several GC motifs. In a previous study, we showed that the basal promoter contains multiple Sp1 and AP-2 binding sites and that Sp1 is essential for the constitutive expression of the hMnSOD gene. In this study, we identified an Egr-1 binding site in the basal promoter of hMnSOD. We also found that the basal promoter is responsive to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-activated hMnSOD transcription in the human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2. The contributions of these binding sites and the roles of the transcription factors Egr-1, AP-2, and Sp1 in the activation of hMnSOD transcription by TPA were investigated by site-directed mutation analysis, Western blotting, and overexpression of transcription factors. The results showed that Sp1 plays a positive role for both basal and TPA-activated hMnSOD transcription, whereas overexpression of Egr-1 has a negative role in the basal promoter activity without any effect on TPA-mediated activation of hMnSOD transcription.
Deactivation of Solid Acid Catalysts for Butene Skeletal Isomerization: On the Beneficial and Harmful Effects of Carbonaceous Deposits (2001)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Introduction. Prisons et tournant punitif (2013)

Le tournant punitif Depuis une quinzaine d'années, les analyses des mutations contemporaines de la pénalité se multiplient et nombre d’entre elles tentent d’apporter un éclairage macrosociologique à ce que plusieurs auteurs anglo-saxons appellent « the punitive turn ». Pour qualifier plus précisément ce « tournant punitif », d’aucuns parlent ainsi du déploiement d’une « industrie de la punition » avec la privatisation et la marchandisation de la pénalité, de l’organisation d’un « nouveau gouv...
A Clinical Diagnostic Model for Predicting Influenza among Young Adult Military Personnel with Febrile Respiratory Illness in Singapore (2011)

Use of a clinical diagnostic model may help predict influenza better than the conventional ILI definition among young adults with FRI.
Turbine passage survival estimation for chinook salmon smolts (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) at a large dam on the Columbia River (1996)

The short-term survival rate of hatchery-reared fall yearling chinook salmon smolts (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) introduced at 3.1 m below the turbine intake ceiling (N = 350) at a large Columbia River hydroelectric dam relative to the survival rate of controls (released in the discharge) was estimated at 93.0% (90% profile CI = 90.1-95.5%); among those introduced at 9.3 m depth (N = 250) the survival rate was 94.7% (90% CI = 91.9-97.0%). Differences were not significant, and the pooled estimate of 93.9% (90% CI = 91.9-95.7%) is higher than is generally assumed or reported (70- 89%) for salmonids. Unlike the prevailing models based on recovery ratios of alive fish only, our likelihood model included the capture probabilities of both the alive and dead fish for estimation of parameters and their standard errors. Survival rates reported herein refer to the direct effects of turbine passage; those reported in the literature, however, do not make a clear distinction between direct (immediately upon turbine passage) and indirect effects that may occur over time. The types of fatal injuries observed suggested that a reduction or elimination of gaps between the hub and runner blades may enhance fish survival. Resume : On a estime a 93,0% (profil a 90% : IC = 90,1-95,5%) le taux de survie a court terme de smolts de saumons quinnats d'automne (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) eleves en pisciculture, introduits a 3,1 m sous la partie superieure d'une prise d'eau de turbine (N = 350) d'un important barrage hydro-electrique du fleuve Columbia, par rapport a celui de temoins (liberes dans le deversoir); chez les smolts introduits a une profondeur de 9,3 m (N = 250), le taux de survie etait de 94,7% (profil a 90% : IC = 91,9-97,0%). Les differences n'etaient pas significatives, et la valeur estimee combinee, de 93,9% (profil a 90 % : IC = 91,9-95,7%), est superieure a celles qui sont generalement supposees ou signalees (70-89%) pour les salmonides. A la difference des modeles les plus courants bases sur les rapports de recuperation des poissons vivants seulement, notre modele de vraisemblance prevoit les probabilites de prise des poissons vivants ou morts pour l'evaluation des parametres et de leur ecart-type. Les taux de survie signales ici correspondent aux effets directs du passage dans la turbine; toutefois, ceux qui sont indiques dans la litterature ne font pas une distinction tres nette entre les effets directs (immediatement apres le passage dans la turbine) et les effets indirects qui surviennent plus tard. Les types de blessures mortelles observes laissent croire que la reduction (ou l'elimination) des espaces vides entre l'axe et les pales mobiles pourrait ameliorer les chances de survie des poissons. (Traduit par la Redaction)
Automatic and manual tattoo localization (2016)

In this paper we introduce two different automatic tattoo localization methods. The first one is a center-surround feature localization method. It combines a center-surround filter with skin and edge features based on the observation that the skin area surrounding the tattoo is homogeneously smooth and skin-colored. The second method is a graph-cut tattoo localization method. It detects the tattoo region using graph-cut segmentation based on image edges, a skin color model and a visual saliency map. In both methods tattoo regions are correctly detected even when a tattoo image includes background clutter. We also describe a manual tattoo localization tool that supports several functions to enable a trained annotator to crop and save tattoo regions efficiently. Experimental results show that our automatic methods achieve good performance on two different tattoo image datasets that include background clutter.
Mikrostrukturelle Merkmale von martensitischen Chromstählen und deren Einfluss auf die Kriechfestigkeit (2006)

Kurzfassung Martensitische 9–11% Chromstähle stellen für moderne Hochleistungsdampfkraftwerke wesentliche Strukturwerkstoffe für den Bereich Kessel, Turbine und Rohrleitungen dar. Die Festigkeit und Schädigungsentwicklung unter Kriechbeanspruchung in diesen Stählen wird maßgeblich von den Vorgängen in der Mikrostruktur beeinflusst. Im Vergleich zu niedriglegierten warmfesten ferritischen Stählen wird eine andere Schädigungsentwicklung beobachtet: Die Anzahl der Kriechporen wird zwar in ähnlicher Weise von der Beanspruchung (Grad der Mehrachsigkeit) und dem Werkstoffverhalten (Kriechdehnung) beeinflusst, es zeigt sich jedoch eine deutlich geringere Porenzahl. Die Ausbildung der Poren ist ebenfalls unterschiedlich. Für eine Beschreibung des Schädigungszustandes müssen in den martensitischen 9–11% Chromstählen zudem die Versetzungsdichte, die Subkorngröße und insbesondere die Ausscheidungscharakteristik herangezogen werden. Eine Kombination konventioneller TEM, EFTEM, EDX und Beugungsuntersuchungen ermöglicht die Ermittlung dieser Größen. Der Vergleich von Proben mit unterschiedlichen Zeitstandfestigkeiten zeigt, dass die Kriechfestigkeit von der Stabilität der M23C6 und MX Ausscheidungen abhängig ist. Das Auftreten der Z-Phase kann in einen Zusammenhang mit schlechteren Kriecheigenschaften des Stahls gebracht werden.
Highly effective NK cells are associated with good prognosis in patients with metastatic prostate cancer (2015)

Clinical outcome of patients with metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) at diagnosis is heterogeneous and unpredictable; thus alternative treatments such as immunotherapy are investigated. We retrospectively analyzed natural killer (NK) cells by flow cytometry in peripheral blood from 39 mPC patients, with 5 year-follow-up, and their correlation with time to castration resistance (TCR) and overall survival (OS). In parallel, NK functionality was carried out against prostate tumor cell lines, analyzed for the expression of NK cell ligands, to identify the receptors involved in PC recognition. NK cells from patients with longer TCR and OS displayed high expression of activating receptors and high cytotoxicity. The activating receptors NKp30 and NKp46 were the most obvious predictive markers of OS and TCR in a larger cohort of mPC patients (OS: p= 0.0018 and 0.0009; TCR: p= 0.007 and < 0.0001 respectively, log-rank test). Importantly, blocking experiments revealed that NKp46, along with NKG2D and DNAM-1 and, to a lesser extent NKp30, were involved in prostate tumor recognition by NK cells. These results identify NK cells as potential predictive biomarkers to stratify patients who are likely to have longer castration response, and pave the way to explore therapies aimed at enhancing NK cells in mPC patients.
<title>Laser-induced fluorescence spectrometer based on solid state tunable color-center laser for heavy metal analysis</title> (1999)

All solid state (SS) laser induced fluorescence (LIF) spectrometer based on tunable LiF:F<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> color center (C.C.) MALSAN laser with second and fourth harmonic generation was optimized for trace metallic concentration measurements in water solutions. Two types of heavy metals atoms Sn and Pb were analyzed using inexpensive low temperature types of the propane/butane-air flames. The maximum sensitivity of 10 and 50 ppb with good linearity of fluorescence intensity concentration dependence was obtained for Sn and Pb atoms, respectively, using a monochromator for the fluorescence wavelength selection. When the monochromator was replaced by a set of color optical filters the sensitivity of 0.3 ppb for Pb atoms was obtained. Hence, the sensitivity was increased more than 150 times for more cheap and simple registration set-up. An attempt was made to use more compact super- broadband LiF:F<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> C.C. laser to replace the MALSAN laser in LIF spectrometer. Up to now the sensitivity of 1 ppm for Pb with the monochromator based fluorescence registration system was obtained in the latter case.
Surrogate and Physician Understanding of Patients' Preferences for Living Permanently in a Nursing Home (1997)

Patient attitudes about living permanently in a nursing home can be elicited, cannot be reliably predicted from demographic and clinical variables, and are frequently misunderstood by surrogates and physicians. Elicitation of patient preferences regarding permanent nursing home placement should be explored before patients become unable to participate in decision making in order to enhance the concordance of patient preference with the way they spend the end of their lives.
Restraint Analysis of Fixtures Which Rely on Surface Contact (1994)

Total restraint analysis is used to evaluate the ability of a machining fixture to restrain workpiece motion. Thus far models have been limited to point contact and frictionless planar contact. This paper shows how to apply restraint analysis to a fixture which relies on frictionless or frictional surface contact. It presents models of the wrench systems defined by frictionless and frictional planar, spherical, and cylindrical contact as well as hard point contact. These models are applicable to the restraint analysis of other work holding devices such as gripper and assembly fixtures. In addition, they are the basis for other types of fixture analysis. This paper also presents a linear program which uses static equilibrium constraints to directly prove the existence of total restraint. Both the models and the linear program are applied to the analysis of a modular fixture.
Differentiating Diagnosed and Undiagnosed Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma and Open-Angle Glaucoma (2021)

Primary angle-closure glaucoma was more likely to have been diagnosed previously than POAG during a screening examination. Examination of the anterior segment and VF may contribute more to the detection of PACG, and disc examination may contribute more to the detection of POAG.
Phase II trial of gemcitabine + cisplatin + ipilimumab in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer. (2016)

357 Background: Immune checkpoint blockade, with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, has shown striking results in patients (pts) with mUC. While CTLA4 blockade has demonstrated pharmacodynamic effects in localized bladder cancer (Carthon, Clin Can Res, 2010), the role of CTLA4 blockade in mUC remains undefined. We hypothesized that chemotherapy may lead to immunogenic cell death, and other immunomodulatory effects, which could subsequently be exploited with the addition of ipilimumab. Methods: Pts with mUC received 2 cycles of gemcitabine + cisplatin (GC) alone followed by 4 cycles of GC + ipilimumab (GCIpi). The primary endpoint was % of patients alive at 1 year. Secondary endpoints included safety, objective response rate, and progression-free survival. Immune monitoring was performed at baseline, after GC alone, and after GCIpi. Results: 36 pts with mUC (median age 60; range: 33-80) were enrolled; KPS was 80%, 90% and 100% in 30%, 45%, and 25%; 58% had visceral metastases and 20% had liver metastases. Pts received a median of 5 cycles of GC (range: 1-6) and 3 doses of Ipi (range: 1-8). The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were neutropenia (36%), thrombocytopenia (19%), anemia (25%), hyponatremia (31%), thromboembolism (11%), and renal insufficiency (19%). The most common grade 3-4 immune-related adverse events were colitis (6%), hypophysitis (3%), hyperthyroidism (1%), and rash (1%). The objective response rate is shown in the Table. Median progression-free survival is 8 months (95% CI 6.2-9.8 months). Median follow-up is 10.4 months (range: 2.8-35.3 months). The primary endpoint analysis will be mature for the meeting. GC alone had no significant impact on circulating immune cell subsets; Ipi significantly expanded circulating CD4 and CD8 T cells. Conclusions: A phased schedule of GC plus immune checkpoint blockade was feasible in pts with mUC. Ipi induced immunomodulatory effects despite concurrent chemotherapy. Survival data are not yet mature. Ongoing analyses are exploring the impact of GC alone, and GCIpi, on antigen-specific T cell immunity and correlating such findings with “outlier” survival times. Clinical trial information: NCT01524991. [Table: see text]
Ballistic-Range Technology (1970)

The report is a comprehensive treatment of the state-of-the-art of ballistic-range testing, written for graduates by members of the staffs of the Hypersonic Free-Flight Branch at NASA-Ames Research Center and the Aerophysics Division of the Defence Research Establishment of Canada. The capability and potential of ballistic ranges are not as widely appreciated as they deserve to be and the book aims to show the opportunities they afford for experimental research in ballistic-missile aerodynamics, to point out the problems involved, to guide the preliminary design of new ballistic ranges, to provide reference material to enable full exploitation of existing ranges, and to help in evaluating the applicability and accuracy of results. Individual chapters deal with modern ranges and their uses, light-gas guns, model design and launching techniques, terminal ballistics, counterflow, measurement systems, aerodynamics of bodies from motion analysis, photographic techniques, optical radiation studies, microwave studies, point measurements in the wake and convective- heating measurements.
Determination of Circulating 25,26-Dihydroxycholecalciferol in Man by Radioimmunoassay (1980)

1. A radioimmunoassay of 25,26-dihydroxycholecalciferol has been developed with an antiserum raised in a sheep, tritiated 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol as tracer and synthetic 25,26-dihydroxycholecalciferol as standard. The metabolite was purified from serum extracts by Sephadex LH 20 and high-pressure liquid chromatography; recovery was monitored with biologically generated, tritiated 25,26-dihydroxycholecalciferol. 2. The mean +/- SEM concentration of 25,26-dihydroxycholecalciferol in serum from 18 healthy subjects was 587 +/- 65 pmol/l. Seven Asian patients with osteomalacia due to vitamin D deficiency had very low or undetectable (< 96--231 pmol/l) circulating 25,26-dihydroxycholecalciferol concentrations. 3. The metabolite was detectable in the sera from seven anephric patients (mean 262 +/- 43 pmol/l), indicating that extrarenal sites for the 26-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol exist in man. 4. A strong positive correlation between the concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and those of 25,26-dihydroxycholecalciferol in serum was obtained. Thus it appears that in man the production of this dihydroxy metabolite of vitamin D depends on the concentration of its precursor, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol.
Numerical modeling of two parallel waveguides decoupled by antiresonance of the intermediate region (1991)

The question whether two parallel waveguides, separated by a finite spacing, can be decoupled by a suitable distribution of the refractive index, as a function of the transverse coordinates, in the intermediate region, 1 has been solved analytically 2 as follows. Such a requirement can never be satisfied by scalar waves, but can be satisfied if the vector nature of e.m. waves is properly accounted for.
Catalyst‐Enabled Site‐Divergent Stereoselective Michael Reactions: Overriding Intrinsic Reactivity of Enynyl Carbonyl Acceptors (2018)

Abstract A site‐divergent stereoselective Michael reaction system is developed based on the identification of two distinct catalysts. Cinchonidine‐derived thiourea catalyzes the 1,4‐addition of prochiral azlactone enolates to enynyl N ‐acyl pyrazoles in a highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective manner to give stereochemically defined alkynes, while P ‐spiro chiral triaminoiminophosphorane catalytically controls the stereoselective 1,6‐addition and the consecutive γ‐protonation of the vinylogous enolate intermediate to afford Z , E ‐configured conjugated dienes. This 1,6‐adduct serves as a valuable precursor for the synthesis of a 2‐amino‐2‐deoxy sugar.
Abstract 3938: Role of Chi3l1/YKL-40 in the tumor progression and metastasis in the lung. (2013)

Abstract The 18 glycosyl hydrolase gene family (GH18) contains chitinases and chitinase-like proteins (CLP) that lack enzyme activity. Chitinase 3-like-1 (Chi3l1; also called BRP-39 in mouse and YKL-40 in man), the prototypic CLP, is expressed in an exaggerated fashion in the serum and or tissues from patients with a variety of malignancies including breast, colon/rectum, ovary, melanoma, prostate, kidney, brain, bone, and lung. In many of these malignancies, there is a strong correlation between the levels of Chi3l1/YKL-40 and disease progression, prognosis and disease-free survival. However, the roles of YKL-40 in the development and progression of lung cancer has not been determined. To begin to address this issue, we generated Chi3l1/BRP-39 null mutant (Chi3l1-/-) and lung-specific overexpressing YKL-40 transgenic (YKL-40 Tg) mice and evaluated them in a number of settings. The studies demonstrated that Chi3l1/BRP-39/YKL-40 is an important regulator of cellular apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and M2 macrophage differentiation. We also found that melanoma metastasis to the lung was significantly decreased in Chi3l1-/- mice and increased in YKL-40 Tg mice and that activation of the RIG-like helicase (RLH) innate immune pathway significantly decreased BRP-39 production and melanoma or breast cancer lung metastasis. Lastly, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis demonstrated that, in mice with specific mutation of KRAS and/or p53, Chi3l1/BRP-39 is expressed in an exaggerated manner in normal peritumor tissues and lung cancer cells in early and late stages of lung cancer development, respectively. In combination, our preliminary studies demonstrate that Chi3l1/BRP-39/YKL-40 plays a critical role in the generation of a metastasis-permissive microenvironment and is dysregulated in the course of the development of primary lung cancers. Citation Format: Chun Geun Lee, Bing Ma, Ja Seok Koo, Roy S. Herbst, Jack A. Elias. Role of Chi3l1/YKL-40 in the tumor progression and metastasis in the lung. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3938. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3938
Cognitive Radio Design on an MPSoC Reconfigurable Platform (2008)

Cognitive Radio has been proposed as a promising technology for solving today’s spectrum scarcity problem by means of dynamic spectrum access. The multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) reconfigurable platform is proposed as an enabling technology for cognitive radio. In this paper, we propose a design methodology based on task transaction level interface for the design of cognitive radio baseband on an MPSoC reconfigurable platform. The reconfiguration of a novel, low-complexity fast Fourier transform for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing based Cognitive Radio is used as a design case to show the effectiveness of the methodology for modelling the dynamic behavior of Cognitive Radio and facilitating the platform implementation.
High-efficiency organic dye-doped polymer optical fiber lasers (2000)

A graded-index polymer optical fiber containing rhodamine 6G in poly(methyl methacrylate-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) has been fabricated. Lasing behavior of the fiber was observed by pumping with a frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd: yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser. A slope efficiency of 43% and a lifetime of 110 000 shots at a repetition rate of 10 Hz have been observed. With a 1.5 mJ pump energy, an output energy of 640 μJ was produced.