gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interferon-γ suppresses the proliferation and migration of human placenta-derived mesenchmal stromal cells and enhances their ability to induce the generation of CD4+CXCR5+Foxp3+Treg subset (2017)

We investigate the effects of interferon (IFN)-γ on human placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hPMSCs), in particular, their adhesion, proliferation and migration and modulatory effects on the CD4<sup>+</sup>CXCR5<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup>Treg subset. And we compared hPMSCs ability to induce the generation of different Treg subsets in response to treatment with IFN-γ. We found that IFN-γ suppressed the proliferation and migration for hPMSCs. The ability of hPMSCs to induce the generation of CD4<sup>+</sup>CXCR5<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup>Treg subset was enhanced by IFN-γ. And maximal effectiveness of IFN-γ treated hPMSCs upon inducing the generation of Treg subsets was for CD4<sup>+</sup>CXCR5<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup>Treg subset as compared with that of CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup>, CD8<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup>, CD4<sup>+</sup>IL-10<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup>IL-10<sup>+</sup>Treg subsets. These results have important implications for the development and application of hPMSCs in clinical use.
The Roles of Autophagy in Cancer (2018)

Autophagy is an intracellular degradative process that occurs under several stressful conditions, including organelle damage, the presence of abnormal proteins, and nutrient deprivation. The mechanism of autophagy initiates the formation of autophagosomes that capture degraded components and then fuse with lysosomes to recycle these components. The modulation of autophagy plays dual roles in tumor suppression and promotion in many cancers. In addition, autophagy regulates the properties of cancer stem-cells by contributing to the maintenance of stemness, the induction of recurrence, and the development of resistance to anticancer reagents. Although some autophagy modulators, such as rapamycin and chloroquine, are used to regulate autophagy in anticancer therapy, since this process also plays roles in both tumor suppression and promotion, the precise mechanism of autophagy in cancer requires further study. In this review, we will summarize the mechanism of autophagy under stressful conditions and its roles in tumor suppression and promotion in cancer and in cancer stem-cells. Furthermore, we discuss how autophagy is a promising potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment.
Segmentation and binding in an oscillatory neural network (2002)

The authors present a model of coupled oscillating neural networks which can simultaneously perform segmentation and binding. The two networks have memory patterns which are independent of one another, yet the input contains them in pairs as, for instance, objects and attributes. When presented with a mixture of such pairs in a constant input, the activities of the corresponding patterns oscillate in a staggered fashion, exhibiting segmentation. Moreover, the phases of the pairs lock with each other, demonstrating binding. The underlying networks are feedback systems which are composed of excitatory neurons grouped into cell-assemblies representing the memories and inhibitory interneurons to which they are connected. The oscillatory nature comes about by dynamic thresholds which implement a fatigue effect for the excitatory neurons.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rhodium complex splits water using sunlight (1977)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTRhodium complex splits water using sunlightDinuclear rhodium compound is one of several models for the catalytic splitting of water to generate hydrogen and oxygen using sunlightJEFFREY L. FOXView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1977, 55, 31, 15–16Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1977Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 1 August 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v055n031.p015https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v055n031.p015newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1977 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views12Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Molecules,Rhodium Get e-Alerts
The Effect of Physical Effort on Some Blood Components and the Level of Dyspnea in Patients with Chest Wall Disease for Smokers and Non-Smokers (2015)

Chest wall disorders are a group of thoracic deformities that result in inefficient coupling between the respiratory muscles and the thoracic cage. The disorders are usually characterized by a restrictive defect and share the potential of long term hypercapnic respiratory failure, the most common chest wall abnormality leading to respiratory failure is Thoracoplasty, Scoliosis and/or kyphoscoliosis may also cause severe respiratory failure, symptoms of respiratory failure include: dyspnoea on exertion, peripheral oedema, orthopnoea, repeated chest infections, morning headaches, fatigue, poor sleep quality and loss of appetite. Dyspnea is the term generally applied to sensations experienced by individuals who complain of unpleasant or uncomfortable respiratory sensations such as chest wall diseases, Many definitions of dyspnea have been offered, including: “difficult, labored, uncomfortable breathing” an “awareness of respiratory distress”, “the sensation of feeling breathless or experiencing air hunger”, and “an uncomfortable sensation of breathing”(Wright., and Branscomb., 1954, Wasserman., and Cassaburi., 1988, Simon., et al., 1989). The sensation experienced by an individual during physical effort will evoke very different reactions than the same sensation occurring at rest, physical effort is impact in symptoms of dyspnea, quality of life, and functional capacity in patients with chest wall diseases who continuous with smoking more than non-smoking and may also have a favorable impact on mortality and hospitalizations, the sensation of dyspnea is increased in patients with chest wall diseases by routine duties which require arm and leg use, especially activities which involve high effort (Breslin, 1992). Tobacco smoking is the main etiological factor for the development of chest wall diseases, cigarette smoking is estimated in western societies to account for around 85% of the risk of developing chest wall diseases, Eagan et al. (2004) reported that the risks of dyspnea, cough, wheezing and mucous production are increased by active cigarette smoking and that these features are directly related to the amount of cigarettes smoked.
Psychological resilience in disadvantaged youth: A critical overview (2004)

This paper provides a critical review of research into the notion of psychological resilience and its implications for studies of disadvantaged young people. A number of significant conceptual and methodological challenges are examined, the most important of these being the difficulties associated with the operationalisation of resilience, the development of culturally relevant thresholds and the circularity inherent in commonly used definitions. The limitations and potential value of integrated theoretical models, such as Brofenbrenner's ecological model and Bandura's self-efficacy theory are considered, along with suggestions for methodological strategies to enhance the validity and comprehensiveness of resilience research.
Formation of Sulforaphane and Iberin Products from Thai Cabbage Fermented by Myrosinase-Positive Bacteria (2018)

Myrosinase-positive bacteria from local fermented foods and beverages in Thailand with the capacity to metabolize glucosinolate and produce isothiocyanates (ITCs) were isolated and used as selected strains for Thai cabbage fermentation. <i>Enterobacter xiangfangensis</i> 4A-2A3.1 (EX) from fermented fish and <i>Enterococcus casseliflavus</i> SB2X2 (EC) from fermented cabbage were the two highest ITC producers among seventeen strains identified by 16S rRNA technique. EC and EX were used to ferment Thai cabbage (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> L. var. capitata) containing glucoiberin, glucoraphanin and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin at 430.5, 615.1 and 108.5 µmol/100 g DW, respectively for 3 days at 25 °C. Different amounts of iberin nitrile, iberin, sulforaphane and indole 3-acetonitrile were produced by spontaneous, EX- and EC-induced cabbage fermentations, and significantly higher ITCs were detected (<i>p</i> < 0.01) with increased antioxidant activities. Iberin and sulforaphane production in EX-induced treatment peaked on day 2 at 117.4 and 294.1 µmol/100 g DW, respectively, significantly higher than iberin at 51.7 µmol/100 g DW but not significantly higher than sulforaphane at 242.6 µmol/100 g DW in EC-induced treatment at day 2. Maximum health-promoting benefits from this functional food can be obtained from consumption of a liquid portion of the fermented cabbage with higher ITC level along with a solid portion.
Modification of Luminescent Iridium(III) Polypyridine Complexes with Discrete Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) Pendants: Synthesis, Emissive Behavior, Intracellular Uptake, and PEGylation Properties (2010)

We report the synthesis, characterization, and photophysical properties of a new class of luminescent cyclometalated iridium(III) polypyridine poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) complexes [Ir(N--C)(2)(N--N)](PF(6)) (HN--C=Hppy (2-phenylpyridine), N--N=bpy-CONH-PEG1 (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine; 1a), bpy-CONH-PEG3 (1b); HN--C=Hpq (2-phenylquinoline), N--N=bpy-CONH-PEG1 (2a), bpy-CONH-PEG3 (2b); HN--C=Hpba (4-(2-pyridyl)benzaldehyde), N--N=bpy-CONH-PEG1 (3)) and their PEG-free counterparts (N--N=bpy-CONH-Et, HN--C=Hppy (1c); HN--C=Hpq (2c)). The cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of these complexes have been investigated by the MTT assay, ICPMS, laser-scanning confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. The results showed that the complexes supported by the water-soluble PEG can act as biological probes and labels with considerably reduced cytotoxicity. Because the aldehyde groups of complex 3 are reactive toward primary amines, the complex has been utilized as the first luminescent PEGylation reagent. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) have been PEGylated with this complex, and the resulting conjugates have been isolated, purified, and their photophysical properties studied. The DNA-binding and gene-delivery properties of the luminescent PEI conjugate 3-PEI have also been investigated.
Depth of convergence of a sharpness index autofocus system (1977)

The critical parameters in the selection of an autofocus cost functional are that it must have a high sensitivity and selectivity at and near the correct focus point and that it must be capable of converging to the correct focus from a large initial or preclosed loop defocus state. The largest initial focal range error an autofocus system is capable of correcting in closed loop is referred to as the depth of convergence. It is shown theoretically and also verified experimentally that the depth of convergence is a sensitive function of the object range, the initial focal range of the imaging system, and, more remarkably, the spatial spectrum of the object.
Denoising of Fingerprint Images using Q-shift Complex Wavelet Transform (2011)

In this paper, we present a novel image denoising method using Q-shift with Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (QDTCWT) for denoising fingerprint images. The DTCWT is an over complete wavelet transform with limited redundancy and generates complex coefficients in parallel using a dual tree of wavelet filters. But, low pass delay produces a Hilbert pair relationship between two trees. This is well addressed by Q-shift filters for improving orthogonality and symmetry properties in level 2 and below. QDTCWT have features like linear phase, tight frame, compact spatial support, good frequency domain selectivity with low sidelobe levels, approximate shift invariance, and good directional selectivity in two or more dimensions. This provides the QDTCWT basis mainly useful for de-noising purposes with high degree of shift-invariance and better directionality compared to the other traditional methods. The proposed algorithm has been designed in the MATLAB TM environment and tested in the fingerprint images obtained from the FVC2004 database for denoising. The performance and efficiency of the algorithm are estimated by calculating various quality metrics and compared with the advanced methods already practiced in fingerprint image denoising. The results of this study revealed that the QDTCWT algorithm is capable of producing high quality finger print images with greater fidelity, high robustness and accuracy over the other traditional denoising methods.
Exploiting data parallelism in signal processing on a dataflow machine (1989)

This paper will show that the massive data parallelism inherent to most signal processing tasks may be easily mapped onto the parallel structure of a data flow machine. A special system called STRUCTFLOW has been designed to optimize the static data flow model for hardware efficiency and low latency. The same abstractions from the general purpose data flow model that lead to a quasi systolic operation of the processing elements make explicit flow control of the data tokens as they pass through the arcs of the flow graph obsolete. We will describe the architecture of the system and discuss the restrictions on the structure of the flow graphs.
Prevention of imbibitional injury in low vigor soybean embryonic axes by osmotic control of water uptake (1981)

Deterioration of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Essex] seeds during accelerated aging at 41°C and 100% relative humidity predisposes the embryonic axis to injury during the initial period of imbibition. This injury was prevented or greatly reduced in severity when excised axes were imbibed on blotters containing 30% polyethylene glycol which slowed the rate of water uptake and when axes were pre‐equilibrated to a high moisture level. Rates of water uptake by “high”(no treatment) and “low vigor”(accelerated aged) excised axes were identical. However, high vigor axes tolerated rapid water uptake during early imbition, whereas low vigor axes did not. Leakage of electrolytes during early imbibition was nearly six times greater in low than in high vigor axes. Polyethylene glycol significantly reduced the leakage of electrolytes from both low and high vigor axes. The data are in agreement with the hypothesis that seed deterioration in soybeans involves membrane changes which may predispose embryonic tissues to injury during imbibition. Reduction of the rate of water uptake during the initial period of imbibition would allow extra time for membrane repair or rearrangement, thus permitting the tissues to develop in a more orderly manner. The data indicate that deterioration in soybean seeds involves, at least in part, a decrease in ability of seed axes to tolerate rapid water uptake at the start of imbibition and that this weakness may be compensated by osmotic control of water uptake.
Canadian bottled water industry : technological, economic and environmental perspectives (2007)

This study presents an assessment of global freshwater resources, water supply and demand and safe drinking water issues with a focus on Canada in general and Newfoundland and Labrador in particular. Therefore, providing adequate freshwater to meet basic human needs must be done within the sustainable development policy, with proper planning and integrated approach considering environmental, ecological, socioeconomic, and political factors. It examines innovative water treatment technologies like, filtration process, ozonation and ultra violet (UV) radiation for water bottling development. A water quality analysis for nutrient minerals for major global bottled water brands are discussed in the light of World Health Organization (WHO) requirements. -- The study also evaluates an integrated water bottling system and environmental impact on the Gisborne Lake watershed area in Newfoundland and Labrador. This study also presents three scenarios of the transportation systems for bottled water export (i) by shuttle service to the United States (ii) by Suez vessels to the United States and (iii) by a modified Very Large Crude oil Carrier (VLCC) vessel to the Gulf countries specially to port facilities in Saudi Arabia, on their way back, from the proposed Newfoundland and Labrador Refining Corporation (NLRC) at Southern Head, Arnold's Cove region in the Placentia Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. -- The study presents the feasibility for bottled water industry, environmental cost and explores the viability of the export of bottled water from Newfoundland and Labrador, to global markets. There seems to be considerable potential for bottled water export for Canada particularly for the economic development of Newfoundland and Labrador. The transportation cost for bottled water to the United States and the port facilities in the Gulf countries are about 2.0 to 7.0 cents per liter from Newfoundland and Labrador, which are not as high as is usually speculated and seems quite feasible, if planned properly.
<b>Cyclizations of Dialdehydes with Nitromethane. VIII.</b><sup>1</sup> <b>A Spontaneous Epimerization in <b><i>aci</i></b>-Nitro Glycosides and its Significance in the Preparation of Derivatives of 3-Amino-3-deoxy-D-mannose, -D-glucose, -D-talose and D-galactose</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclizations of Dialdehydes with Nitromethane. VIII.1A Spontaneous Epimerization in aci-Nitro Glycosides and its Significance in the Preparation of Derivatives of 3-Amino-3-deoxy-D-mannose, -D-glucose, -D-talose and D-galactoseHans Helmut. BaerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 1, 83–89Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00860a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00860a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Germany sees profits collapse as doldrums persist (1993)

Traditionally the strongman of Europe, Germany's chemical sector had a miserable time in 1992, as profits skidded 30%. Further declines in production and sales for the first half of 1993 are predicted by industry association VCI (Frankfurt). Output, usually spurred after the summer break, dropped drastically in the fourth quarter. Developments are alarming, says Wolfgang Hilger, president of the VCI and chairman of Hoechst (Frankfurt). Production in the 11 western states rose 1% in 1992, but chemical industry sales fell. In the second half of the year, the high value of the Germany mark - against the US dollar, sterling, lira, and peseta - compounded difficulties already experienced as a result of overcapacity and lower prices. Hilger says overall prices declined 2% last year. Meanwhile, costs for labor and environmental protection continued to increase. VCI figures show a decline in many sectors. In western Germany, organic base chemical production was down 4%, and, while organic chemical production rose 3%, prices were 8% lower, giving unsatisfactory results. Similarly, plastics production was up 0.5% at midyear, but weak prices hurt earnings.
Room Temperature Reaction of Ozone and Dimethyl Methylphosphonate (DMMP) on Alumina-Supported Iron Oxide (2007)

The reaction of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) with ozone on a reactive adsorbent, alumina-supported iron oxide, has been examined at room temperature. The surface oxidation reaction was found to follow the Langmuir−Hinshelwood mechanism, involving a surface adsorbed and activated DMMP molecule or fragment at a Lewis acid site and an active oxygen species on the surface formed from ozone. Carbon dioxide is the primary reaction product observed, and the amount formed was found to plateau as a function of ozone concentration after a concentration of approximately 300−400 ppm. The surface reaction with ozone on the 10 wt % Fe2O3/Al2O3 adsorbent generates approximately 2.7 times as much gas-phase carbon, in the form of CO2 and CO, as does the same surface in the absence of ozone, in the form of methanol. The ozone appears to increase the number of active sites for DMMP decomposition by liberating some of the reaction products from the surface and recycling the surface sites. The supported iron oxide material is a more effective reactive surface than alumina for the reaction with ozone primarily because of its greater facility for ozone decomposition. The gas-phase reaction between DMMP and O3 for the formation of CO2, while not the focus of the study, was found to be of fractional order in O3, indicating a multistep reaction mechanism.
Immunotherapy in Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes (2012)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting millions of people worldwide. The disease is characterized by the loss of self-tolerance to the insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas, the destruction of β-cells, and finally the development of chronic hyperglycemia at diagnosis of T1D. Its incidence and prevalence are rising dramatically, highlighting the need for immunotherapeutic strategies able to prevent or treat the disease in a safe and specific manner. Immunotherapeutic strategies are being developed, and aim to restore immunological self-tolerance, thereby limiting unwanted immunity and β-cell destruction. Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells exert essential functions to maintain and restore immunological self-tolerance. The identification of the transcription factor Foxp3 as the specification factor for the Treg cell lineage facilitated our understanding in the biology of Treg generation and function. This review highlights the current understanding of immunotherapeutic approaches as preventative and curative measures for autoimmune T1D. It includes an overview on early immunointervention studies, which made use of general immunosuppressive agents such as cyclosporin A, followed by a discussion on newly emerging clinical trials. Besides non-antigen-specific therapies, particular attention is given to antigen-specific generation of Foxp3+ Treg cells and their potential use to limit autoimmunity such as T1D.