gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determining In Vivo Phosphorylation Sites Using Mass Spectrometry (2012)

Phosphorylation is the most studied protein post-translational modification (PTM) in biological systems, since it controls cell growth, proliferation, survival, and other processes. High-resolution/high mass accuracy mass spectrometers are used to identify protein phosphorylation sites due to their speed, sensitivity, selectivity, and throughput. The protocols described here focus on two common strategies: (1) identifying phosphorylation sites from individual proteins and small protein complexes, and (2) identifying global phosphorylation sites from whole-cell and tissue extracts. For the first, endogenous or epitope-tagged proteins are typically immunopurified from cell lysates, purified via gel electrophoresis or precipitation, and enzymatically digested into peptides. Samples can be optionally enriched for phosphopeptides using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) or titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) and then analyzed by microcapillary liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Global phosphorylation site analyses that capture pSer/pThr/pTyr sites from biological sources sites are more resource and time consuming and involve digesting the whole-cell lysate, followed by peptide fractionation by strong cation-exchange chromatography, phosphopeptide enrichment by IMAC or TiO(2), and LC-MS/MS. Alternatively, the protein lysate can be fractionated by SDS-PAGE, followed by digestion, phosphopeptide enrichment, and LC-MS/MS. One can also immunoprecipitate only phosphotyrosine peptides using a pTyr antibody followed by LC-MS/MS.
Thermodynamics - Interaction Studies - Solids, Liquids and Gases (2011)

Thermodynamics is one of the most exciting branches of physical chemistry which has greatly contributed to the modern science. Being concentrated on a wide range of applications of thermodynamics, this book gathers a series of contributions by the finest scientists in the world, gathered in an orderly manner. It can be used in post-graduate courses for students and as a reference book, as it is written in a language pleasing to the reader. It can also serve as a reference material for researchers to whom the thermodynamics is one of the area of interest.
Applications of a generalized Dirichlet principle to transistor modeling (2002)

We report the theory, implementation and results of using a Poisson solver to compensate the measured valuer of drain conductance and transconductance in a nonlinear MESFET so as to render them compatible with a large-signal model. The consequent restructuring of the I-V curves is exhibited.
MODIFIED INTEGRAL-LEVEL SET METHOD FOR THE CONSTRAINED SOLVING GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION (2004)

The constrained global optimization problem being considered, a modified integral_level set method was illustrated based on Chew_Zheng's paper on Integral Global Optimization and (Wu's) paper on Implementable Algorithm Convergence of Modified Integral_Level Set Method for Global Optimization Problem. It has two characters: 1) Each phase must construct a new function which has the same global optimal value as that of primitive objective function; 2) Comparing it with (Zheng's) method, solving level set procedure is avoided. An implementable algorithm also is given and it is proved that this algorithm is convergent.
A study to evaluate the action of lipocryolysis. (2012)

Since ancient times human beings have been conceiving methods that could help reduce the accumulation of undesired fat tissue in their own bodies. Lipocryolysis has already been recognized as an therapy for localized fat reduction by means of a combination of regulated and controlled vacuum and heat extraction therapy. This study was designed to quantify the claimed reduction of local adiposities. For this purpose, 16 treatments were analysed. The data suggested that lipocryolysis is effective for localized reduction of adiposities and that the reduction obtained are measurable.
Optical second-harmonic generation at interfaces of ferroelectric nanoregions in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">SrSiO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>:Ca (1996)

Optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) is observed in ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{TiO}}_{3}$ with x=0.007 within the ferroelectric domain state below ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}18 K. Surprisingly, its dependence on the polarization angle is incompatible with global ${\mathit{C}}_{2\mathit{V}}$ symmetry. The appearance of maximum intensity for ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}$\ensuremath{\parallel}${\mathit{E}}_{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}$ parallel to the nonpolar c axis suggests that SHG is primarily due to symmetry breaking at the interfaces between ferroelectric nanoregions and the paraelectric host material ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$. The observed angular dependences are satisfactorily modeled by assuming the dominant component of the nonlinear surface polarizability to lie parallel to the surface normal of ellipsoidally shaped nanoregions. The unusual electric-field dependence of the SHG intensity recorded at various temperatures and its temporal relaxation after steplike changing the field are described in terms of nanoregion nucleation and condensation in the presence of dipolar random fields. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Labelling of amino-acid side-chains with 13C-labelled electrophiles; potential application to the probing of active sites of enzymes (1975)

Side-chain groups in functional amino-acids appropriately protected at both terminii have been treated with electrophilic inhibitors (e.g acrylonitrile), 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy allowing unambiguous elecidation of the reacting side-chain functionality; an extension of this technique using 13C-enriched inhibitors to the study of enzyme active-site environment is discussed.
Effect of Clopidogrel on Thrombin Generation in Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Rat (1999)

Clopidogrel (25 mg/kg, p.o.), a potent and selective inhibitor of ADP-induced platelet aggregation, significantly inhibited, in the presence of platelets, ex vivo thrombin generation triggered by low concentrations of tissue factor. Clopidogrel reduced the area under the curve (23%, p <0.05) and the thrombin peak concentration (35%, p <0.05) but did not affect the lag phase of thrombin generation. Under the same experimental conditions, heparin (100 microg/ml) inhibited thrombin generation mostly by delaying and by reducing the burst of thrombin. In a stasis-induced venous thrombosis model in rats under low thrombogenic challenge, clopidogrel inhibited thrombus formation (ED50 = 7.9+/-1.5 mg/kg, p.o. - n = 10), confirming the existence of a close relationship between platelet activation and thrombin generation leading to blood coagulation and venous thrombosis.
Production of squalene by lactose-fermenting yeast <i>Kluyveromyces lactis</i> with reduced squalene epoxidase activity (2015)

Squalene is a natural substance with wide applications in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutic industries. The suitability of lactose-fermenting yeast Kluyveromyces lactis for the production of squalene was tested in the study. Partial inhibition of squalene epoxidase by specific inhibitor terbinafine resulted in high accumulation of squalene in K. lactis grown on glucose or lactose comparable to values found in terbinafine-treated Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our results prove that K. lactis is a promising micro-organism for genetic manipulations aimed at the production of squalene on industrial waste like whey as the growth substrate.
Effect of Light Quality on Erratic Egg Laying of Caged Turkey Hens (1986)

The effect of light quality on erratic oviposition (two eggs laid during a 24-hr-period) and the shell quality of erratically laid eggs of turkey hens in cages during 20 weeks of production were examined. Hens were exposed to one of the following sources of light: blue, green, red, or incandescant for 16 hr of light per day (16L:8D). The intensity of light was equalized among treatments on the basis of equal number of photons (3.0 × 1014/cm2 /sec). The frequency of erratic oviposition was similar for all light treatments, ranging between 13.4 to 15.3% of total eggs laid, and most occurred in two-egg clutches. With erratic ovipositions, the first egg was laid during the daily dark period, whereas the second egg was laid in the daily light period, 11.6 to 13.0 hr later. Oviposition time and shell quality were significantly influenced by light treatment. As wavelength increased, shell weight of the erratically laid eggs decreased. Thus, shell quality and the timing of oviposition of erratically laid eggs may be influenced by light color.
An Efficient Replica Location Method in Hierarchical P2P Networks (2009)

The existing replica location services mostly deal with read-only data, thus the replica location mechanism is relatively simple. This paper aims to provide global replica view in logic for better supporting all-around replica management to realize optimal replication strategy and replication selection strategy. We present the bidirectional linked list based replica location service (BLL-RLS) on tree-based hierarchical unstructured overlay networks, including the deployment of replica location service and the design of the bidirectional linked list based replica catalog. In the absence of the centralized replication management, it can logically provide a global replica view of the original. Based on the bidirectional linked list based replica catalog, replica location and selection algorithm is also proposed. Simulation results show that the algorithm has better performance.
Transport theory of dense, strongly inhomogeneous fluids (1993)

The generalized Enskog-like kinetic equation (GEKE) derived recently for inhomogeneous fluids [L. A. Pozhar and K. E. Gubbins, J. Chem. Phys. 94, 1367 (1991)] has been solved using the 13-moments approximation method to obtain linearized Navier–Stokes equations and the associated zero-frequency transport coefficients. Simplified transport coefficient expressions have been obtained for several special cases (simplified geometries, homogeneous fluid). For these cases it is shown that the main contributions to the transport coefficients can be related to those for dense homogeneous fluids calculated at ‘‘smoothed’’ number densities and pair correlation functions. The smoothing procedure has been derived rigorously and shown to be an intrinsic feature of the GEKE approach. These results have been established for an arbitrary dense inhomogeneous fluid with intermolecular interactions represented by a sum of hard-core repulsive and soft attractive potentials in an arbitrary external potential field and/or near structured solid surfaces of arbitrary geometries.
The married couple talk about the heart (1996)

I open the iron gate which is on one hinge and creaks loudly. The catch is loose and the gate wobbles as I labour to lift it into place. I knock on the door. Kirsten, the wife, opens it. I'm carrying my large black tape recorder. I say: 'I've come to talk to you about heart. Remember?'...
The Style of Legislation in the United States: Narrative Norms and Constraining Norms (1994)

Journal Article The Style of Legislation in the United States: Narrative Norms and Constraining Norms Get access Vernon V. Palmer Vernon V. Palmer 1Vernon V. Palmer is Thomas Pickles Professor of Law, Tulane University. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Journal of Comparative Law, Volume 42, Issue suppl_1, 1 December 1994, Pages 15–22, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcl/42.suppl1.15 Published: 01 December 1994
Role of a propeller loop in the quaternary structure and enzymatic activity of prolyl dipeptidases DPP-IV and DPP9 (2011)

The dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) family members, including DPP-IV, DPP8, DPP9 and others, cleave the peptide bond after the penultimate proline residue and are drug target rich. The dimerization of DPP-IV is required for its activity. A propeller loop located at the dimer interface is highly conserved within the family. Here we carried out site-directed mutagenesis on the loop of DPPIV and identified several residues important for dimer formation and enzymatic activity. Interestingly, the corresponding residues on DPP9 have a different impact whereby the mutations decrease activity without changing dimerization. Thus the propeller loop seems to play a varying role in different DPPs.
Recent progress in thermoelectricity (1960)

To stimulate the development of thermoelectricity, a number of articles have been prepared for Electrical Engineering by prominent representatives of this important field. Some of the concepts and recent progress are reviewed in this first article.
Sensory Substitution for Visually Disabled People: Computer Solutions (2010)

Sensory substitution can be defined as a technical-scientific discipline which aims to provide sensory disabled people with information they cannot acquire from the disabled sense through their intact senses. We present here our team's work in this R+D line for providing blind and severe visually impaired people with real time spatial and text environmental information through sounds. The objective is to model the real environment as a virtual space where the object's surface appears as if covered by small sound sources, which emit very locatable sounds in a continuous and near simultaneous way. It is based on the hypothesis that the brain, when provided with this highly rich spatial information, will generate a kind of visual-like perception of the surrounding world. In this paper we describe our approach to this field and the main results obtained, which have practical consequences in the field of sensory rehabilitation as well as on the theory of perception.
A comparative study of analytical methods for quality evaluation of frying fat (1986)

Abstract Four quick‐test methods (the Foodoil sensor, RAU‐Test, Fritest® and Spot test) and two ordinary laboratory methods (the free fatty acids and GLC determination of triglycerid dimers) were compared to a standard method (column chromatographic determination of polar compounds). One hundred samples collected from fast food shops and restaurants were included in the investigation. The Foodoil sensor showed the highest correlation to the standard method (c. f.=0.94). The RAU‐Test, Fritest® and Spot test were also well correlated to the standard method. It was easier to compare the colour of the reaction mixtures to the colour scale of the RAU‐Test than to that of the Fritest®. The amount of free fatty acids were found to be an unreliable indicator of deteriorated frying fat. The triglyceride dimers could not be quantified, but assessment by visual comparison of the peak pattern in the chromatogram corresponded well with the results of the standard method.
JUNCTION BASED ROUTING: A NOVEL TECHNIQUE FOR LARGE NETWORK ON CHIP PLATFORMS (2011)

subject area Electronics. The work is part of the university’s two-year master’s engineering degree. The authors are responsible for the given opinions, conclusions and results.
Highly Reliable Multiple-Channel IGZO Thin-Film Transistors Employing Asymmetric Spacing and Channel Width (2013)

We designed and fabricated highly reliable multiple-channel indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) without any additional fabrication processes. We also investigated the geometric factors of the multiple-channel structure that influence the reliability of the IGZO TFTs in high saturation mode, such as the spacing and width of the subchannels. The proposed device exhibited superior reliability(Δ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> <; 0.2 V) due to the larger spacing in the central part of the IGZO channel region, whereas the TFTs with the conventional structure showed a 3 V Δ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> shift. This is due to the more effective emission of heat induced inside the TFTs duringoperation.
Role of the propeptide in folding and secretion of elastase of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (1996)

Elastase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is synthesized as a pre-proprotein. The propeptide has been shown to inhibit the enzymatic activity of elastase. In this study, we investigated a possible additional role of the propeptide in the folding and secretion of the enzyme. When elastase was expressed in Escherichia coli without its propeptide, no active elastase was produced. The enzyme was poorly released from the cytoplasmic membrane and, depending on the expression level, it was either degraded or it accumulated in an inactive form in the cell envelopes, probably as aggregates. Since proper folding is required for the release of translocated proteins from the cytoplasmic membrane and for the acquirement of a stable and active conformation, these results suggest that the propeptide is involved in the proper folding of the elastase and that it functions as an intramolecular chaperone. When mature elastase was expressed without its propeptide in P. aeruginosa, the enzyme was not secreted, and it was degraded. Therefore, proper folding of mature elastase appears to be required for secretion of the enzyme. Expression of the propeptide, as a separate polypeptide, in trans with mature elastase resulted in the formation of active elastase. This active enzyme was secreted in P. aeruginosa. Apparently, the propeptide can also function as an intermolecular chaperone.
Fully time-division-multiplexed 100 Gbit/s optical transmission experiment (1993)

A fully time-division-multiplexed 100Gbit/s optical transmission experiment without polarisation multiplexing is successfully demonstrated using ultrafast all-optical demultiplexing with extremely low time-jitter phase lock loop timing extraction.
Investigation and Implementation of Mechanically Actuated Valves for Digital Hydraulic Units (2017)

Pumps are ubiquitous in fluid power systems. As hydraulic systems get smarter and more versatile, the pump needs to follow suit. While the current state-of-the-art pumps are capable of high efficiency at maximum displacement, reducing the displacement results in significant reductions in efficiency. Work done previously with digital displacement strategies using electrically-controlled valves demonstrated an option to improve these characteristics of traditional pumping methods. However, the complex and costly valve controls needed to implement the system prove impractical in some situations. Additionally, the electrical valves used in this system have limited speed, consistency, and flow area. It was determined that a mechanically-actuated valve (MAV) system could be implemented to reduce the control complexity and cost while maintaining most of the benefits of digital displacement. The mechanical system consists of variable geometry cams to actuate the valves, allowing for greater consistency in actuation, proportional speed of actuation to pump speed, and larger valve flow areas. This system can achieve variable displacement digital hydraulic pumping with no electrical input or required sensors. The MAV concept was theoretically investigated, validated in simulation, and proven in the building and testing of a simple prototype unit. The MAV pump performed comparably to the previous prototype at full displacement and achieved a 10% higher efficiency at 50% displacement. Though this prototype was limited to flow-diverting pumping, this technology could be expanded to achieve four-quadrant operation. Considering the successful prototype testing and theoretical potential of this concept, further investigation is necessary to fully determine the capabilities of the MAV system.
Clinical Applications of Pupillography (2003)

The development of personal computer-based infrared video instruments has allowed pupillography to enter the clinical arena. Measuring pupil diameter for refractive surgery, distinguishing Horner syndrome from physiologic anisocoria, quantifying the relative afferent pupillary defect, and plotting visual fields by means of graded pupil constriction to focal light stimuli are recent applications in ophthalmology. Pupillography has also been used to determine sleepiness and autonomic effects of new pharmaceuticals.
10 Minute Guide to Outlook 98 (1998)

From the Publisher:
10 minutes is all you need to learn how to: customize Outlook 98 for your personal use; send, receive and distribute email from workgroups and the Web; plan meetings and schedule appointments; track your daily tasks in the Outlook 98 journal; share data in Outlook 98 with other Office 97 applications; design a personal address book listing important contacts; and integrate Outlook 98 with Internet Explorer and Exchange Server.
A Comparative Study Of Clusterhead Selection Algorithms In Wireless Sensor Networks (2011)

In Wireless Sensor Network, sensor nodes life time is the most critical parameter. Many researches on these lifetime extension are motivated by LEACH scheme, which by allowing rotation of cluster head role among the sensor nodes tries to distribute the energy consumption over all nodes in the network. Selection of clusterhead for such rotation greatly affects the energy efficiency of the network. Different communication protocols and algorithms are investigated to find ways to reduce power consumption. In this paper brief survey is taken from many proposals, which suggests different clusterhead selection strategies and a global view is presented. Comparison of their costs of clusterhead selection in different rounds , transmission method and other effects like cluster formation, distribution of clusterheads and creation of clusters shows a need of a combined strategy for better results.
Collaborative 3D-To-2D Tight-Fitting Garment Pattern Design Process For Scoliotic People (2017)

This paper presents a virtual design process for a tight-fitting garment pattern for adapted consumer garments, aimed at consumers with scoliosis. The design process proposed is based on a virtual human model created using a 3D scanner, allowing simulation of the morphological shape of an individual with atypical physical deformations. Customized 2D and 3D virtual garment prototyping tools are used in combination to create products through interactions between the consumer, designer and pattern maker. After following an interactive sequence: Scanning – Design – Display – Evaluation – Adjustment, a final design solution acceptable to both the designer and consumer can be obtained. Through this process, traditional 2D garment design knowledge, especially design rules influenced by the fabric information, is fully utilized to support the design process proposed. Using the knowledge based collaborative design process, design satisfaction can be largely improved.