gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of nano/molecular systems by application of macroscopic mechanical stimuli (2010)

The potential usefulness and importance of nanomaterials are now well recognized. However, currently available synthetic nanomaterials are generally used in their bulk form and control of nanosystems at the nanoscale on demand has not been realized. To solve this problem, the use of macroscopic mechanical stimuli to drive nano/molecular systems is considered to be a key technique. If direct manipulation of nano/molecular systems could be achieved by applying macroscopic mechanical stimuli, we might exert control over nanotechnological systems according to our needs. In this perspective, recent methodologies for controlling nano/molecular systems through application of macroscopic mechanical forces are introduced. Application of mechanical processes is known to affect some molecular association and chemical reactions, causing variation of optical properties, sometimes resulting in self-healing functions or capture and release of molecules under macroscopic mechanical motions. We might be able to realize the great potential of nanoscale and molecular systems by accessing nanoscience and nanotechnology from the macroscopic world.
Landau‐Kleffner Syndrome: A Clinical and EEG Study of Five Cases (1990)

In five children with normal initial psychomotor development, a Landau-Kleffner syndrome appeared at age 3-7 years. No neuroanatomic lesions were noted. Aphasia and hyperkinesia were isolated in three patients and associated with global regression of higher cortical functions in one patient. Massive intellectual deterioration and psychotic behavior were associated with transient aphasia in one patient. The epilepsy (focal motor and generalized tonic-clonic seizures, subclinical EEG focal seizures during sleep, and atypical absences) always regressed spontaneously or with antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment. The EEG in waking patients showed focal and generalized spike-wave discharges on a normal background rhythm. Discharge topography and pattern changed frequently. During sleep, discharges always increased. At some time during syndrome development, all patients had bilateral spike-waves for greater than 85% of the sleep period, while at other times the discharges were discontinuous or continuous but focal or unilaterally hemispheric. Discharge topography and abundance changed from night to night. The abnormal EEG and the impaired higher functions developed and regressed together, but not with strict temporal correlation. Our own experience suggests that the Landau-Kleffner syndrome and epilepsy with continuous spike-wave activity in slow-wave sleep cannot be clearly differentiated. They may be different points on the spectrum of a single syndrome.
ANTI-TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ANTIBODY TREATMENT OF RECURRENT BACTEREMIA IN A BABOON MODEL (1994)

Timely intervention in recurrent episodes of sepsis poses a major problem in intensive care, because the diagnosis is often made after the onset of sepsis, delaying the initiation of treatment. There are only a few animal models that cover this situation. We have developed a baboon model of recurrent bacteremia (3 x 2 h intravenous infusion of 1 x 10(8) CFU Escherichia coli/kg), which leads to late organ failure. In this model (tested on 16 animals) we began anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody treatment (BAYX 1351; Bayer AG, 7.5 mg/kg or saline placebo) after the first bacteremic episode (+4 h), which significantly (p < .05) protected animals from death, none out of eight (100% survival), in the treatment group in contrast to four animals out of eight died (50% survival) in the placebo group. This effect was also reflected in improved organ function and in attenuated cytokine and plasminogen activator inhibitor release. From these studies we conclude that the delayed application of anti-tumor necrosis factor antibodies in recurrent bacteremia is a powerful tool for preventing septic death.
Enzyme-Initiated Miniemulsion Polymerization (2006)

Enzyme-catalyzed polymerization in vitro has gained considerable attention in the last two decades as an efficient tool in the polymerization of various monomers, such as saccharides, esters, phenols, and aromatic anilines; however, the polymerization of vinyl monomers using enzymes has been more limited, perhaps due to the hydrophobicity of most common vinyl monomers. Enzyme-initiated miniemulsion polymerization is demonstrated herein as a way to polymerize hydrophobic vinyl monomers such as styrene. By application of enzyme-initiated radical polymerization in miniemulsion, stable poly(styrene) latexes are prepared with a particle size near 50 nm. A very small amount of enzyme and surfactant is required to facilitate the miniemulsion polymerization, whereas a relatively high polymerization rate and conversion are achieved.
Combined multiphoton imaging and automated functional enucleation of porcine oocytes using femtosecond laser pulses (2010)

Since the birth of "Dolly" as the first mammal cloned from a differentiated cell, somatic cell cloning has been successful in several mammalian species, albeit at low success rates. The highly invasive mechanical enucleation step of a cloning protocol requires sophisticated, expensive equipment and considerable micromanipulation skill. We present a novel noninvasive method for combined oocyte imaging and automated functional enucleation using femtosecond (fs) laser pulses. After three-dimensional imaging of Hoechst-labeled porcine oocytes by multiphoton microscopy, our self-developed software automatically identified the metaphase plate. Subsequent irradiation of the metaphase chromosomes with the very same laser at higher pulse energies in the low-density-plasma regime was used for metaphase plate ablation (functional enucleation). We show that fs laser-based functional enucleation of porcine oocytes completely inhibited the parthenogenetic development without affecting the oocyte morphology. In contrast, nonirradiated oocytes were able to develop parthenogenetically to the blastocyst stage without significant differences to controls. Our results indicate that fs laser systems have great potential for oocyte imaging and functional enucleation and may improve the efficiency of somatic cell cloning.
Bilateral continuous posterior quadratus lumborum block for analgesia after open abdominal surgery: A prospective case series (2020)

The quadratus lumborum (QL) block provides analgesia to the abdominal wall while sparing the side effects of neuraxial blocks. We describe a case series of eight patients treated with a continuous infusion of local anesthetic via bilateral posterior QL catheters infusion block for analgesia after abdominal surgeries. We found that the median duration of the procedure was 26 min and the median opioid consumption over the first postoperative 72 h was 110 mg of morphine equivalents. The bilateral continuous posterior QL block is a feasible analgesic intervention and can be considered as a component of multimodal analgesic pathways.
Handgrip Strength is an Independent Predictor of Functional Outcome in Hip-Fracture Women (2015)

The objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of handgrip strength in predicting the functional outcome after hip fracture in women.We prospectively investigated white women (N = 193 of 207) who were consecutively admitted to a rehabilitation hospital after a hip fracture. We measured handgrip strength with a Jamar dynamometer (Lafayette Instrument Co, Lafayette, IN), on admission to rehabilitation. Ability to function in activities of daily living was assessed by the Barthel index both on discharge from rehabilitation and at a 6-month follow-up.We found significant correlations between handgrip strength measured before rehabilitation and Barthel index scores assessed both on discharge from rehabilitation (ρ = 0.52, P < 0.001) and after 6 months (ρ = 0.49, P < 0.001). Significant associations between handgrip strength and Barthel index scores persisted after adjustment for age, comorbidities, pressure ulcers, medications in use, concomitant infections, body mass index, hip-fracture type, and Barthel index scores assessed both preinjury and on admission to rehabilitation (P = 0.001). Further adjustments for both Barthel index scores and Timed Up-and-Go test assessed at rehabilitation ending did not erase the significant association between handgrip strength and the Barthel index scores at the 6-month evaluation (P = 0.007). To define successful rehabilitation, we categorized the Barthel index scores as either high (85 or higher) or low (<85). The adjusted odds ratio for 1 SD increase in grip strength was 1.73 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-2.84, P = 0.032) for having a high Barthel index score at the end of inpatient rehabilitation and 2.24 (95% CI 1.06-5.18) for having a high Barthel index score at the 6-month follow-up.Handgrip strength assessed before rehabilitation independently predicted the functional outcome both after inpatient rehabilitation and at a 6-month follow-up in hip-fracture women.
Traditional Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy: A Drug–Drug Interaction? (2007)

Whether estrogens confer cardioprotection remains controversial. Such a benefit was observed only in perimenopausal women in the only large randomized trial designed to address this issue. Should such a benefit exist, these results raise the possibility that COX inhibitors may undermine the cardioprotective effects of HT.
Electronic structures of fully fluorinated and semifluorinated zinc oxide sheets (2010)

Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of fully fluorinated and semifluorinated ZnO sheets. We find the fully fluorinated ZnO sheet prefers a twist-chair conformation, which is a nonmagnetic semiconductor. While for the semifluorinated sheet, the F-center conformation is the most stable and exhibits half-metallic behavior. The half-metallicity is attributed to the decrease in the charge transfer from Zn to O atoms after fluorination, which leads to the partial occupancy of the O 2p orbitals and spin-polarization in the semifluorinated sheet. Our studies demonstrate that fluorination is an efficient route to tune the electronic structures of ZnO nanostructures.
Microstructural Evolution during the Sintering of TiC–Mo–Ni Cermets (1993)

TiC‐Ni‐Mo cermet specimens were prepared by using a mixture of fine (1.5 μm) and coarse (30 μm) TiC powders. When the fraction of fine TiC particles was 80%, a (Ti,Mo,Ni)C complex carbide phase was observed deposited on the coarse TiC particles and resulted in a typical cored structure. As the fraction of fine TiC particles decreased, the coarse TiC particles exhibited a unique microstructural evolution with the development of a concave interface. This microstructural change of the coarse TiC grains can be explained in terms of the coherency strain energy.
Right ventricular thrombus and pulmonary emboli in a patient with emphysema: An echocardiographic and doppler documentation (1987)

Pulmonary hypertension is a known complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A worsening dyspnea in a patient with COPD is usually a sequela of the pulmonary disease. However, it may be due to pulmonary embolism, a complication which is difficult to diagnose in such patients. We present a patient with COPD in whom two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary emboli by documenting right ventricular thrombus and pulmonary hypertension. This case report emphasizes the usefulness of these noninvasive cardiac imaging techniques in the detection and evaluation of pulmonary embolism in patients with COPD.
Isomeric Carborane Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (2019)

We synthesized a family of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMB) based on decamethonium, but containing a carborane cluster in the methylene chain between the two quaternary ammonium groups. The carborane cluster isomers o-NMB, m-NMB, and p-NMB were tested in animals for neuromuscular block and compared with agents used clinically: rocuronium and decamethonium. All three isomers caused reversible muscle weakness in mice as determined by grip strength and inverted screen tests, with a potency rank of p-NMB > rocuronium > decamethonium > m-NMB > o-NMB. The mechanism of action of the compounds was determined by using the in vitro rat phrenic nerve hemi-diaphragm preparation and electrophysiologic measurements in cells. Neostigmine reversed hemi-diaphragm weakness caused by the three isomers and rocuronium, but not succinylcholine. In electrophysiologic recordings of currents through acetylcholine receptor channels, the carborane compounds did not activate channel activity but did inhibit channel activation by acetylcholine. These results demonstrate that the carborane neuromuscular blocking agents are non-depolarizers in contrast to the depolarizing action of the parent compound.
Enantiocomplementary Enzymatic Resolution of the Chiral Auxiliary: <i>cis</i>,<i>cis</i>‐6‐(2,2‐Dimethylpropanamido)spiro[4.4]nonan‐1‐ol and the Molecular Basis for the High Enantioselectivity of Subtilisin Carlsberg (2004)

cis,cis-(+/-)-6-(2,2-Dimethylpropanamido)spiro[4.4]nonan-1-ol, 1, a chiral auxiliary for Diels-Alder additions, was resolved by enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of the corresponding butyrate and acrylate esters. Subtilisin Carlsberg protease and bovine cholesterol esterase both showed high enantioselectivity in this process, but favored opposite enantiomers. Subtilisin Carlsberg favored esters of (1S,5S,6S)-1, while bovine cholesterol esterase favored esters of (1R,5R,6R)-1, consistent with the approximately mirror-image arrangement of the active sites of subtilisins and lipases/esterases. A gram-scale resolution of 1-acrylate with subtilisin Carlsberg yielded (1S,5S,6S)-1 (1.1 g, 46 % yield, 99 % ee) and (1R,5R,6R)-1-acrylate (1.3 g, 44 % yield, 99 % ee) although the reaction was slow. The high enantioselectivity combined with the conformational rigidity of the substrate made this an ideal example to identify the molecular basis of the enantioselectivity of subtilisin Carlsberg toward secondary alcohols. When modeled, the favored (1S,5S,6S) enantiomer adopted a catalytically productive conformation with two longer-than-expected hydrogen bonds, consistent with the slow reaction rate. The unfavored (1R,5R,6R) enantiomer encountered severe steric interactions with catalytically essential residues in the model. It either distorted the catalytic histidine position or encountered severe steric strain with Asn155, an oxyanion-stabilizing residue.
Characterization of supports activated with divinyl sulfone as a tool to immobilize and stabilize enzymes via multipoint covalent attachment. Application to chymotrypsin (2015)

DVS supports are very suitable to stabilize enzymes<italic>via</italic>multipoint covalent attachment.
<title>Mobile videotelephone communications: the CCITT H.261 chances</title> (1993)

The advent of widespread mobile communications together with the continuous development of image communication markets led to the idea of offering mobile image communications, particularly mobile videotelephony. Since very low bitrate video coding is still a quite unexplored subject, a large research effort is being put into the study of the possible solutions. For the moment two main approaches related to the compatibility or not with the CCITT H.261 hybrid coding scheme are foreseen. This paper proposes some experiments related to the CCITT H.261 compatible solution in order to look for its limits, namely when typical mobile videotelephone sequences are used.
Paper #31 Patient functional outcomes 5‐years following allograft medial meniscus transplantation (2003)

To describe patient functional outcomes at 5-Years following allograft medial meniscus transplantation. Eight patients (51 ± 5 years of age, 3 female, 5 male) who were 5.5 ± 0.5 years status-post allograft medial meniscus transplantation responded to Likert-type categorical scale questions on a mailed survey (Meniscus Allograft Clinical Registry, CryoLife, Marietta, GA) about pre- to post-surgery changes in knee joint function, overall activity level, perceived knee joint stability, ability to walk without a limp, and their ability to squat, stair climb, kneel, rise from a chair, run, jump, and stop and start quickly during gait. Subjects also completed two 10 cm visual analog pain level scales (end range descriptors 0 = no pain and 10 = pain as bad as possible) for overall pre-surgery and post-surgery pain. Pre- and post-surgery median values were determined for categorical variables and were statistically evaluated using a series of Mann-Whitney U Tests. Pre- and post-surgery mean pain level values were determined and were assessed statistically using a one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). Subjects were also asked if they would undergo meniscal transplantation again given the same situation and if they considered their surgery to have been a success. Statistically significant pre- and post-surgery differences were observed for rising from a chair (3 = moderately difficult to 5 = not difficult at all, p = 0.03), perceived stability (3 = knee gives way occasionally in daily activities to 6 = knee never gives way, p = 0.04), limping (2 = slight to 3 = none, p = 0.03), stopping and starting quickly during gait (2 = extremely difficult to 4 = minimally difficult, p = 0.03), jumping and landing on the involved leg (1 = unable to do to 4 = minimally difficult, p = 0.004), straight ahead running (3 = moderately difficult to 5 = not difficult at all, p = 0.03), squatting (2 = moderately impaired to 4 = no problems, p = 0.02) and climbing stairs (3 = up and down with a hand rail to 5 = normal, p = 0.03). Visual analog scale pain levels were substantially reduced (7.6 ± 2 cm vs. 0.8 ± 0.6 cm, p < 0.0001). The majority of patients (7/8, 87.5%) reported that they would undergo meniscal transplantation again given the same situation and that they considered their surgery to have been successful. In addition to substantially reduced perceived pain, limping, and instability, at 5-years post allograft medial meniscus transplantation patients reported significant improvements in functional activities including rising from a chair, stopping and starting quickly during gait, jumping and landing on the involved leg, running straight ahead, squatting, and climbing stairs. These results provide encouraging support for this surgical procedure. Data collection continues as additional patients reach 5-years post-surgery.
Notes - Grignard Reagents of Sulfones. V. Preparation of Methyl and Ethyl Aryl Sulfones. (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Grignard Reagents of Sulfones. V. Preparation of Methyl and Ethyl Aryl Sulfones.Lamar Field and R. ClarkCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 9, 1129–1130Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1957Publication History Published online23 April 2003Published inissue 1 September 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01360a621https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01360a621research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views486Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and Characterization of Epitaxial FAU-on-EMT Zeolite Overgrowth Materials (2001)

Epitaxial FAU zeolite films were achieved on micrometer-sized EMT support crystals using a two-step synthetic procedure, in which EMT support crystals with hexagonal-platelet morphology, were added to a synthesis gel for the crystallization of an FAU phase. Identification of the appropriate synthesis parameters made it possible to suppress homogeneous nucleation and initial breeding, and to promote the secondary nucleation of the FAU crystallites on the surface of the EMT support crystals. The presence of both an FAU and an EMT phase was verified with powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to confirm the formation of a layer of FAU crystallites on the EMT support crystals. The growth of the FAU phase was found to start at the corners and edges of the EMT support. An FAU crystallization front progressed from the edges towards the center of the hexagon until the EMT support crystals became completely covered by an FAU zeolite film with a thickness of ca. 300 nm. The compositional difference between the EMT support and the FAU film was investigated with 29Si magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays (nano-EDAX). The continuous nature of the film was confirmed by the absence of intracrystalline mesopores, which was evidenced by nitrogen physisorption.
Observations on the physiological mechanisms and chemical constituents of induced oleoresin synthesis in <i>Pinus</i><i>resinosa</i> (1984)

The stimulation of lightwood formation (oleoresin soaking) in Pinusresinosa Ait. treated with the bipyridylium salt, paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridylium dichloride), affected various physiological parameters. Respiration, transpiration, and ethylene synthesis were markedly increased and were correlated with the increased production of rosin and turpentine. Photosynthesis, however, was severely inhibited, and phloem transport was not necessary for oleoresin deposition. These marked changes in function reflect a typical wounding response. Ethylene (supplied as Ethrel (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid)) was capable of replacing the stimulatory effect of paraquat, with a 14-fold increase in rosin over controls and a 25-fold increase in turpentine. This increase in turpentine content was accomplished by a significant enhancement in β-pinene content. Ethrel-treated trees also showed an increased abietic acid content, with a concomitant decrease in levopimaric acid.