gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aluminosilicate Nanocomposite Materials. Poly(ethylene glycol)−Kaolinite Intercalates (1996)

This paper reports the first example of the direct intercalation of an organic polymer into the interlamellar spaces of kaolinite. Poly(ethylene glycols) (PEG 3400 and PEG 1000) were intercalated into kaolinite by displacing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) from the DMSO−kaolinite intercalate (Kao−DMSO). This was done directly from the polymer melt at temperatures between 150 and 200 °C. XRD showed that the intercalated oxyethylene units were arranged in flattened monolayer arrangements, such that the interlayer expansion was 4.0 Å. Infrared analysis of Kao−PEG 3400 supported the assignment of a trans conformation to at least a portion of the (O−CH2CH2−O) groups of the PEG polymer while 13C CP and DD/MAS NMR indicated that the polymer was intercalated intact and was more constrained in the interlamellar spaces of kaolinite than it was in its bulk form. TGA/DSC analysis revealed that the complete decomposition of the organic component of the oxyethylene-based organokaolinites did not occur until greater than 1000 °C. The formulas were estimated to be Al2Si2O5(OH)4(−OCH2CH2−)0.77(DMSO)0.27 and Al2Si2O5(OH)4(−OCH2CH2−)0.99(DMSO)0.17, respectively for the cases of PEG 1000 and PEG 3400. The calculated formulas for both samples are consistent with one unit of oxyethylene or DMSO per Al2Si2O5(OH)4 unit. Given the known density of hydroxyl groups on the aluminol surface, a polymer conformation where ethyleneoxy groups repeat every 2.8 Å with the oxygens all facing toward the hydroxyl surface should be favored. It is suggested that the polymer adopts a conformation TG2T‘G2‘, in which the repeat unit per ethyleneoxy group is 2.94 Å, and all the oxygens are lined up on one side of the chain. The tension resulting from the imperfect fit could be relaxed by a certain degree of trans conformations.
Synthesis of Modified Polyoxins by Reaction of Uridine-5′-aldehyde with Trimethylsilyl Cyanide and Amino Acids (1987)

The synthesis of six modified polyoxin derivatives containing an alkyl amino group replacing the peptide bond has been accomplished, in a one pot reaction, by condensation of 2′,3′-O-isopropylideneuridine-5′-aldehyde with trimethylsily cyanide, boron trifluoride etherate and an amino acid, in methanol. The reaction affords stereoselectively the diastereoisomer having at O-5′ the same absolute configuration as the natural polyoxins.
Adjoint-Based Implicit Uncertainty Analysis for Figures of Merit in a Laser Inertial Fusion Engine (2010)

A primary purpose of computational models is to inform design decisions and, in order to make those decisions reliably, the confidence in the results of such models must be estimated. Monte Carlo neutron transport models are common tools for reactor designers. These types of models contain several sources of uncertainty that propagate onto the model predictions. Two uncertainties worthy of note are (1) experimental and evaluation uncertainties of nuclear data that inform all neutron transport models and (2) statistical counting precision, which all results of a Monte Carlo codes contain. Adjoint-based implicit uncertainty analyses allow for the consideration of any number of uncertain input quantities and their effects upon the confidence of figures of merit with only a handful of forward and adjoint transport calculations. When considering a rich set of uncertain inputs, adjoint-based methods remain hundreds of times more computationally efficient than Direct Monte-Carlo methods. The LIFE (Laser Inertial Fusion Energy) engine is a concept being developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Various options exist for the LIFE blanket, depending on the mission of the design. The depleted uranium hybrid LIFE blanket design strives to close the fission fuel cycle without enrichment or reprocessing, while simultaneously achieving high discharge burnups with reduced proliferation concerns. Neutron transport results that are central to the operation of the design are tritium production for fusion fuel, fission of fissile isotopes for energy multiplication, and production of fissile isotopes for sustained power. In previous work, explicit cross-sectional uncertainty analyses were performed for reaction rates related to the figures of merit for the depleted uranium hybrid LIFE blanket. Counting precision was also quantified for both the figures of merit themselves and the cross-sectional uncertainty estimates to gauge the validity of the analysis. All cross-sectional uncertainties were small (0.1-0.8%), bounded counting uncertainties, and were precise with regard to counting precision. Adjoint/importance distributions were generated for the same reaction rates. The current work leverages those adjoint distributions to transition from explicit sensitivities, in which the neutron flux is constrained, to implicit sensitivities, in which the neutron flux responds to input perturbations. This treatment vastly expands the set of data that contribute to uncertainties to produce larger, more physically accurate uncertainty estimates.
Inelastic muon-proton scattering: Multiplicity distributions and prong cross sections (1976)

In a streamer-chamber experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, we observed hadron production in inelastic collisions of 14-GeV positive muons in a liquid hydrogen target. We report on the experiment, the analysis, and the resulting cross sections for hadronic prongs as well as the charged-hadron multiplicity distributions.
High-transconductance n-type Si/SiGe modulation-doped field-effect transistors (1992)

The authors report on the fabrication and the resultant device characteristics of the first 0.25- mu m gate-length field-effect transistor based on n-type modulation-doped Si/SiGe. Prepared using ultrahigh vacuum/chemical vapor deposition (UHV/CVD), the mobility and electron sheet charge density in the strained Si channel are 1500 (9500) cm/sup 2//V-s and 2.5*10/sup 12/ (1.5*10/sup 12/) cm/sup -2/ at 300 K (77 K). At 77 K, the devices have a current and transconductance of 325 mA/mm and 600 mS/mm, respectively. These values far exceed those found in Si MESFETs and are comparable to the best results achieved in GaAs/AlGaAs modulation-doped transistors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Advanced image intensifier systems for low-light high-speed imaging (1991)

An extensive research program has been conducted to characterize the performance of image-tube components under conditions typical of adaptive optics systems, as well as to develop novel image-tube components and assembly techniques. A comparison is presented of standard image-tube capabilities which identifies the tube components which fall short of requirements. Attention is given to the fiber-optic faceplate, phosphor formulation, gate-electrode pulsers, power supplies, and intensifier packaging that have been developed.
Voxelization and fabrication of freeform models (2007)

We present a volume graphics system for the generation of freeform models and synthesis of complex objects. A unique non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) volume representation and its voxelization algorithm are proposed. The forward difference technique is employed to speed up the voxelization process while the desired topological connectivity is preserved. For synthesis of our models and other three-dimensional objects, such as computed tomography images, voxel-based cutting tools are developed for the AutoCAD user interface. Volume rendering is applied to visualize the intermediate and final models. An isosurface is then extracted over the synthesized model and exported to a rapid prototyping machine as an STL file for fabrication. The approach taken in this system has been proven robust and efficient in modelling and fabrication of complex freeform models.
Dry Strength of Pelletized Spheres (1967)

Three limestone powders, differing only in specific surface area, were agglomerated in a balling drum to form pellets of various sizes. The pellets were tested for dry compressive strength at different rates of deformation. A limiting elastic energy criterion for failure was used to derive the relation (analogous to the classical Hertz relation for strength of an elastic isotropic sphere) between the pellet size, the total deformation, and the load at failure. The surface area of the powder, the porosity of the pellet, and its compressive strength are analytically related; the results are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Effect of bleomycin on the synthesis and function of RNA. (1977)

Bleomycin inhibits cellular RNA synthesis and the inhibition is nonspecific. The ratio of polyadenylate- [poly(A)] containing RNA to non-poly(A)-containing RNA in the drug-treated human lymphocytic cells, line Wil2, was the same as that in untreated cells. Poly(A) RNA isolated from untreated cells was used as a template for reverse transcriptase to synthesize complementary DNA, which was then used as a probe to assay the sequence diversity of poly(A)RNA's from treated and untreated cells. It was found that essentially all of the poly(A) RNA's in the untreated cells were also present in the treated cells. The effect of bleomycin on the biological activity of messenger RNA (mRNA) was tested with globin mRNA in a wheat germ embryo translation system. Although bleomycin inhibited protein synthesis at high concentrations, the inhibition was not due to a modification of mRNA. This was evidenced by the fact that no decrease in the ability of mRNA to function in the test system was found when globin mRNA was pretreated with high concentrations of bleomycin followed by removal of the drug.
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS STRENGTHENED WITH WEB-BONDED FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC PLATES OR FABRICSANALYTICAL STUDY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS STRENGTHENED WITH WEB-BONDED FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC PLATES OR FABRICS (1998)

Bonding fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) plates or fabrics to the web of reinforced concrete beams can increase the shear and flexural capacity of the beam. This paper presents analytical models to calculate the stresses in the strengthened beam, and the shear force resisted by the composite plate before cracking and after formation of flexural cracks. The anisotropic (orthotropic) behavior of the composite plate or fabric has been considered in the analytical models. The companion paper extends this discussion into post cracking behavior at the ultimate load, where the diagonal shear cracks are formed. The method has been developed assuming perfect bond between FRP and concrete (no slip) and using compatibility of the strains in the FRP and the concrete beam. The validity of the assumptions used in this method has been verified by comparing the results to the finite element method. A parametric study has been performed to reveal the effect of important variable parameters, such as fiber orientation angle on the shear force resisted by the FRP plate. The method has been developed for both uncracked and cracked beams, and it can be used for stress analysis of these types of beams.
Essential Domain of Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatase β (RPTPβ) for Interaction with Helicobacter pylori Vacuolating Cytotoxin (2004)

Helicobacter pylori produces a potent exotoxin, VacA, which causes progressive vacuolation as well as gastric injury. Although VacA was able to interact with two receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases, RPTPbeta and RPTPalpha, RPTPbeta was found to be responsible for gastric damage caused by VacA. To define the region of RPTPbeta involved in VacA binding, we made mutants of human cDNA RPTPbeta-B, a short receptor form of RPTPbeta. Immunoprecipitation experiments to assess VacA binding to RPTPbeta-B mutants indicated that five residues (QTTQP) at positions 747-751 of the extracellular domain of RPTPbeta-B (which is commonly retained in RPTPbeta-A, a long form of RPTPbeta) play a crucial role in its interaction with VacA, resulting in vacuolation as well as Git-1 phosphorylation. Transfected cells expressing deletion mutant Delta752, which lacks QTTQP, or the double point mutant Delta747 (T748A,T749A) had diminished vacuolation in response to VacA. Treatment of RPTPbeta-B and Delta747 (which have QTTQP at 747-751) with neuraminidase and O-glycosidase diminished their VacA binding, whereas chondroitinase ABC did not have an effect. No inhibitory effect of pleiotrophin, a natural RPTPbeta ligand, on VacA binding to RPTPbeta-B or Delta747 was observed, supporting the conclusion that the extracellular region of RPTPbeta-B responsible for VacA binding is different from that involved in binding pleiotrophin. These data define the region in the RPTPbeta extracellular domain critical for VacA binding, in particular the sequence QTTQP at positions 747-751 with crucial threonines at positions 748 and 749 and are consistent with a role for terminal sialic acids possibly because of threonine glycosylation.
Results of Long-Term Human Growth Hormone Therapy for Pituitary Dwarfism (1970)

Since 1961, 14 patients with pituitary dwarfism were treated with human growth hormone (HGH). In this report, the result of long term treatment for more than 2 and a half years in five patients is reported. The dose of HGH was 2-4 mg three times a week. In the first six months, a marked increase in height was observed in all cases. The increase declined gradually and in some cases HGH became almost ineffective. In such cases anti-HGH antibody was observed in the patient's blood. Bone age/height age progress ratio was less than one in most cases. No side effect was observed except pain at the site of injection. In two cases, height reached to the level above-2-D of the height of normal adult.
Retinoids (2003)

Abstract Derivatives of vitamin A, collectively known as retinoids, play key roles in development, cellular differentiation, vision, and reproduction. Retinoids are now well established as valuable therapeutic agents in the treatment of a variety of skin and proliferative disorders. This chapter covers the biosynthesis and metabolism of naturally occurring retinoids, the role of these retinoids in the visual cycle, and the clinical usefulness and adverse effects of retinoids and synthetic derivatives in the treatment of disease.
Improved design of the weighting matrices for the S/KS/T mixed sensitivity problem-application to a multivariable thermodynamic system (2005)

This paper describes an improved design procedure for the weighting matrices of the S/KS/T mixed sensitivity problem. Using low-order models, as usual in industrial processes, and based on recent works, the new design will allow to significantly reduce the time response overshoots, without degrading the speed of these responses. Weighting matrices are designed in such a way that they depend only on a few parameters, which can be easily adjusted by means of the proposed methodology. Experimental results in the simultaneous control of two temperatures of a pilot plant (which constitutes a typical example of industrial process) are included in order to validate the proposed methodology.
A Homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dpm1p Is Not Sufficient for Synthesis of Dolichol-Phosphate-Mannose in Mammalian Cells (1998)

Dolichol-phosphate-mannose (Dol-P-Man) serves as a donor of mannosyl residues in major eukaryotic glycoconjugates. It donates four mannosyl residues in the N-linked oligosaccharide precursor and all three mannosyl residues in the core of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. In yeasts it also donates one mannose to the O-linked oligosaccharide. The yeast DPM1 gene encodes a Dol-P-Man synthase that is a transmembrane protein expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum. We cloned human and mouse homologues of DPM1, termed hDPM1 and mDPM1, respectively, both of which encode proteins of 260 amino acids, having 30% amino acid identity with yeast Dpm1 protein but lacking a hydrophobic transmembrane domain, which exists in the yeast synthase. Human and mouse DPM1 cDNA restored Dol-P-Man synthesis in mouse Thy-1-deficient mutant class E cells. Mouse class E mutant cells had an inactivating mutation in the mDPM1 gene, indicating that mDPM1 is the gene for class E mutant. In contrast, hDPM1 and mDPM1 cDNA did not complement another Dol-P-Man synthesis mutant, hamster Lec15 cells, whereas yeast DPM1 restored both mutants. Therefore, in contrast to yeast, mammalian cells require hDPM1/mDPM1 protein and a product of another gene that is defective in Lec15 mutant cells for synthesis of Dol-P-Man.
Open blunt crush injury of different severity determines nature and extent of local tissue regeneration and repair (2010)

Insufficiency of skeletal muscle regeneration is often accompanied with functional deficiencies. The goal of our study was to assess the restoration of peripheral muscle upon injury of different severity. Blunt crush injury of the soleus muscle in rats was induced by a clamp and stepwise amplified in severity by rising the locking level of the clamp, resulting in three different groups (1x lock; 2x lock; 3x lock; n = 30 animals per group). After assessment of the fast twitch and tetanic contraction capacity at days 1, 4, 7, 14, and 42 postinjury sampling of muscle tissue served for analysis of cell proliferation, including satellite cells, apoptosis, and leukocyte infiltration. Contraction force analysis demonstrated significantly higher values of relative muscle strength in the 1x lock group compared to the two other groups over 42 days. Calculation of the twitch-to-tetanic force ratio revealed significantly higher mean values at days 1, 7, and 14 in the animals of group 2x lock and 3x lock, indicating a transformation toward a fast-twitching muscular phenotype. Moreover, cell proliferation during the first 4 days was found dependent on the severity of muscle injury in that the higher the severity the higher the proliferation. At the same time, cell apoptosis was found increased, and at day 1 the local leukocyte infiltration was significantly higher in the 3x lock compared to the 1x lock group. These data indicate that severity of injury correlates with local repair responses, which, however, are not necessarily sufficient to fully restore muscle function.
Phospholipase A2 Activity in Serum is Induced during Treatment with Recombinant Human Interleukin-6 in Patients with Cancer (1996)

T Bertsch, R EBanks!, M A Forbes', J Aufenanger, M Storr, J M Illingworth-, T J Perren, P J Selby! and R Kattermann From the /nstitut fur Klinische Chemie, Klinikum der Stadt Mannheim der Universitdt Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany, I/CRF Cancer Medicine Research Unit, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK and 2Ares Serono, Geneva, Switzerland
Influence of template fill in graphoepitaxy DSA (2016)

Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCP) is considered a promising patterning approach for the 7 nm node and beyond. Specifically, a grapho-epitaxy process using a cylindrical phase BCP may offer an efficient solution for patterning randomly distributed contact holes with sub-resolution pitches, such as found in via and cut mask levels. In any grapho-epitaxy process, the pattern density impacts the template fill (local BCP thickness inside the template) and may cause defects due to respectively over- or underfilling of the template. In order to tackle this issue thoroughly, the parameters that determine template fill and the influence of template fill on the resulting pattern should be investigated. In this work, using three process flow variations (with different template surface energy), template fill is experimentally characterized as a function of pattern density and film thickness. The impact of these parameters on template fill is highly dependent on the process flow, and thus pre-pattern surface energy. Template fill has a considerable effect on the pattern transfer of the DSA contact holes into the underlying layer. Higher fill levels give rise to smaller contact holes and worse critical dimension uniformity. These results are important towards DSA-aware design and show that fill is a crucial parameter in grapho-epitaxy DSA.
Effects of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) on the Conformational Change of Poly(N 5-hydroxyalkyl glutamine) (PHAG) in PHAG-PNIPAAm Block Copolymer with Temperature (2001)

Diblock copolymers consisting of poly(N 5-hydroxyalkylglutamine) (PHAG) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) were prepared by aminolysis with aminoalkanols of the side-chain ester of poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate) (PBLG) as a part of PBLG-PNIPAAm block copolymers. The molecular weight ratio of the initial PBLG to the resulting PHAG was nearly 0.35. The effect of PNIPAAm on the conformational change of PHAG in PHAG-PNIPAAm block copolymers with temperature was investigated by circular dichroism. Poly[N 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-glutamine] (PHEG) and the PHEG-PNIPAAm copolymer (GNE) stayed in a randomly coiled conformation whereas poly[N 5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-glutamine] (PHPG), poly(N 5-(4-hydroxybutyl)-L-glutamine) (PHBG), PHPG-PNIPAAm copolymer (GNP), and PHBG-PNIPAAm copolymer (GNB) underwent conformational transitions with temperature. The conformational change of the PHPG block in GNP copolymer occurred from an α-helix to a random coil after the incorporation of PNIPAAm into the copolymer. The thermodynamic parameters of the thermally induced helix-coil transition for PHBG and PHBG-PNIPAAm in aqueous solution were calculated.
ELECTROCORTICAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES PRODUCED BY ACUTE UNILATERAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF THE HIPPOCAMPAL FORMATION AND GYRUS IN MAN* (1997)

Velasco, Francisco; Velasco, Marcos; Velasco, Ana Luisa; Gordillo, José Luis; Rojas, Beatriz Author Information