gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Granite Melting Technique for Deep Borehole Sealing (2018)

The granite melting concept, which was suggested by Gibb's group for the closing of a deep borehole, was experimentally checked for KURT granite. The granite melting experiments were performed in two pressure conditions of atmospheric melting with certain inorganic additives and high pressure melting formed by water vaporization. The results of atmospheric tests showed that KURT granite started to melt at a lower temperature of 1,000°C with NaOH addition and that needle shaped crystals were formed around partially melted crystals. In high pressure tests, vapor pressure was increased by adding water with maximum pressure of about 400 bars. KURT granite was partially melted at 1,000°C when vapor pressure was low. However, it was not melted at vapor pressures higher than 200 bars. Therefore, it was determined that high pressure with a small amount of water vapor more effectively decreased the melting point of granite. Meanwhile, high temperature and high pressure vapor caused severe corrosion of the reactor wall.
Hemostatic Changes in Patients Receiving Hydroxyethyl Starch: The Influence of ABO Blood Group (2001)

Hydroxyethyl starches (HES) interfere with coagulation because of their molecular structure and the amount infused during surgery. Coagulation defects include platelet dysfunction and a decrease of the VIII/von Willebrand factor complex (VIII/vWF). We examined the effects of 6% HES 200/0.6 on hemostasis by using an in vitro platelet function analyzer, the usual coagulation tests, the VIII/vWF complex assessment, and TEG analysis in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. The influence of the blood group was investigated. HES infusion induced primary hemostasis alterations, assessed by a prolonged platelet function analyzer closure time in the presence of epinephrine and adenosine diphosphate, which was not correlated with the platelet count. The decrease in VIII/vWF complex was proportional to the volume of infused HES (20 and 30 mL/kg) and was more pronounced in patients of the O blood group. The preoperative hypercoagulability status assessed by TEG analysis was reversed 24 h after HES infusion. In conclusion, 6% HES 200/0.6 induced immediate hemostasis alterations. Patients of the O blood group were likely to develop a von Willebrand-like syndrome after HES infusion. We conclude that intraoperative use of 6% HES 200/0.6 should be restricted in patients of the O blood group undergoing surgical procedures with high risk for bleeding.
Control development for mechatronic systems with a fully reconfigurable pipeline architecture (2004)

The dynamic reconfiguration of controller implementations demand a specific processing architecture. Configurable elements are for example FPGAs. The price of FPGAs is mainly determined by the pin number. This means that it is costly to realize large control systems with well-known architectures. In the case of reliable systems (e.g. steer-by-wire steering) a low pin count is not only a factor of cost but also a factor for reliability. This paper presents a new synchronous, fully re-configurable self-timed bit-serial and fully interlocked pipeline architecture called MACT. Due to bit-serial processing, bit-serial input and output systems with low pin count are required. We prove the usefulness of our architecture by an example implementation of a given problem on a Xilinx FPGA. The presented architecture is optimized for use in embedded systems to control mechatronic systems, but can be also employed in other fields of application. So we furthermore present here the pipeline architecture integration into a mechatronic design process.
Detail perception after scene changes in television image presentations (1965)

Coding methods for television signals have been proposed which would rely on the frame-to-frame correlation. But it was to be expected that the instrumentation and efficiency of such methods would be severely impeded by the large influx of new samples caused by scene changes. If, however, the spatial resolution of the new scene could be temporarily reduced, the scene change problem could be largely overcome. In this paper, psychophysical experiments and their results are described which were designed to test the hypothesis that the human observer would not perceive a temporary reduction of spatial detail after scene changes. For the tests, the bandwidth of standard television signals was temporarily reduced after each scene change by means of a transient controlled low-pass filter, the minimum bandwidth and recovery time of the filter being the main experimental variables. An average recovery time of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">780</tex> msec was found permissible by the most critical observers, when the minimum bandwidth of the new scene was <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">250</tex> kc, i.e., one twentieth of the system bandwidth, reached at the end of the recovery transient.
Training for library association chartering in health‐care libraries. Part III. Exercises for pre‐registration trainees (1989)

The background to the compilation of a series of exercises in support of the NHS Regional Librarians Group, and the University Medical School Librarians Group Joint Training Committee Training Programme for Pre‐registration trainees is outlined, and 56 exercises are presented.
Dirac Fermions in Solids: From High-T<sub><i>c</i></sub> Cuprates and Graphene to Topological Insulators and Weyl Semimetals (2014)

Understanding Dirac-like fermions has become an imperative in modern condensed matter sciences: All across the research frontier, from graphene to high T c superconductors to the topological insulators and beyond, various electronic systems exhibit properties that can be well described by the Dirac equation. Such physics is no longer the exclusive domain of quantum field theories and other esoteric mathematical musings; instead, physics of real condensed matter systems is governed by such equations, and important materials science and practical implications hinge on our understanding of Dirac particles in two and three dimensions. Although the physics that gives rise to the massless Dirac fermions in each of the above-mentioned materials is different, the low-energy properties are governed by the same Dirac kinematics. The aim of this article is to review a selected cross-section of this vast field by highlighting the generalities and contrasting the specifics of several physical systems.
Resource management for task-based parallel programs over a multi-kernel. : BIAS: Barrelfish Inter-core Adaptive Scheduling (2012)

Trying to attack the problem of resource contention, created by multiple parallel applications running simultaneously, we propose a space-sharing, two-level, adaptive scheduler for the Barrelﬁsh operating system.The ﬁrst level is system-wide, running close to the OS’ kernel, and has knowledge of the available resources, while the second level, integrated into the application’s runtime, is aware of its type and amount of parallelism. Feedback on efficiency from the second-level to the ﬁrst-level, allows the latter to adaptively modify the allotment of cores (domain), intelligently promoting space-sharing of resources while still allowing time-sharing when needed.In order to avoid excess inter-core communication, the system-level scheduler is designed as a distributed service, taking advantage of the message-passing nature of Barrelﬁsh. The processor topology is partitioned so that each instance of the scheduler handles an appropriately sized subset of cores.Malleability is achieved by suspending worker-threads. Two different methodologies are introduced and explained, each suitable for distinct programming models and applications.Preliminary results are quite promising and show minimal added overhead. In specific multiprogramming conﬁgurations, initial experiments proved significant performance improvement by avoiding contention.
Growing Apart (2007)

"Growing Apart is an important and distinguished contribution to the literature on the political economy of development. Indonesia and Nigeria have long presented one of the most natural opportunities for comparative study. Peter Lewis, one of America's best scholars of Nigeria, has produced the definitive treatment of their divergent development paths. In the process, he tells us much theoretically about when, why, and how political institutions shape economic growth." —Larry Diamond, Senior Fellow, Hoover Institution    "Growing Apart is a careful and sophisticated analysis of the political factors that have shaped the economic fortunes of Indonesia and Nigeria. Both scholars and policymakers will benefit from this book's valuable insights." —Michael L. Ross, Associate Professor of Political Science, Chair of International Development Studies, UCLA "Lewis presents an extraordinarily well-documented comparative case study of two countries with a great deal in common, and yet with remarkably different postcolonial histories. His approach is a welcome departure from currently fashionable attempts to explain development using large, multi-country databases packed with often dubious measures of various aspects of 'governance.'" —Ross H. McLeod, Editor, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies "This is a highly readable and important book. Peter Lewis provides us with both a compelling institutionalist analysis of economic development performance and a very insightful comparative account of the political economies of two highly complex developing countries, Nigeria and Indonesia. His well-informed account generates interesting findings by focusing on the ability of leaders in both countries to make credible commitments to the private sector and assemble pro-growth coalitions. This kind of cross-regional political economy is often advocated in the profession but actually quite rare because it is so hard to do well. Lewis's book will set the standard for a long time." —Nicolas van de Walle, John S. Knight Professor of International Studies, Cornell University   Peter M. Lewis is Associate Professor and Director of the African Studies Program, Johns Hopkins University, School of Advanced International Studies.
Study of CIO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>‐selective electrode based on a conducting polymer polypyrrole (1989)

Abstract A conducting polymer polypyrrole (PPy) CIO 4 − ‐selective electrode has been prepared successfully by polymerizing pyrrole (Py) in CIO 4 − solution on glassy carbon (GC) by electrochemical oxidation. The effects of polymerization conditions on the potentiometric response characteristics of PPy are investigated in detail. The mechanism is discussed based on the doping effect of anions in the conducting polymer. The ClO 4 − ‐selective electrode gives Nernstian potentiometric responses over the 10 −1 –10 −4 M ClO 4 − range with a slope of 52–54 mV/ p ClO 4 − and detection limit of 1.8 × 10 −5 M.
Distributed Equivalent-Circuit Model for Traveling-Wave FET Design (1987)

Based on reliable theoretical results, a distributed MESFET model is developed. It consists of equivalent-circuit elements which can be evaluated directly from FET material constants and geometry. The deviations with respect to full-wave-analysis results are investigated and some applications are shown.
RTS games and real-time AI research (2004)

This article 1 motivates AI research in the area of real–time strategy (RTS) games and describes the current status of the ORTS project whose goals are to implement an RTS game programming environment and to build AI systems that eventually can outperform human experts in this popular and challenging domain. Keywords: Real–time AI, simulation, multi–player games 1
Efficient Ruthenium-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation/Hydrogenation of 1,3-Cycloalkanediones to 1,3-Cycloalkanediols Using Microwave Heating (2006)

A number of 1,3-cycloalkanediones were efficiently reduced to the corresponding diols in good yield by the use of a ruthenium catalyst, 2-propanol, and hydrogen gas under microwave heating.
Synthesis and characterization of some Alkoxide Derivatives of Copper(II) (1981)

Abstract A number of alkoxides of copper(II), Cu(OR) 2 (where R is a primary, secondary or tertiary alkyl group) have been synthesised by the reactions of anhydrous copper(II) chloride with lithium alkoxides in 1:2 molar and also by alcoholysis and trans‐esterification techniques. All the derivatives have been characterized on the basis of various physico‐chemical studies, viz., infra‐red, electronic reflectance spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements.
Severe hepatocellular dysfunction in obstetric cholestasis related to combined genetic variation in hepatobiliary transporters. (2012)

Obstetric cholestasis (OC) is a cholestatic disorder with a prominent genetic background including variation in diverse hepatobiliary lipid transporters, such as ABCB4 (phospholipids) and ABCB11 (bile salts). Given a marked hepatocellular dysfunction in an OC patient indicated by > 40-fold rise in alanine aminotransferase activity and minor gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase increases, we performed genotyping of candidate gene variants associated with adult cholestatic phenotypes. Genetic analysis revealed the heterozygous ABCB4 mutation p.R590Q, the ABCB11 variant p.V444A and the lithogenic ABCG8 variant p.D19H. Aggregation of multiple hepatobiliary transporter variants is rare in OC, and may cooperate to negatively modulate hepatobiliary transport capacities.
Specification and querying of security constraints in the EFSOC framework (2004)

Service-Oriented Computing is a new paradigm for the specification and deployment of distributed services in highly dynamic environments. The very nature of the context in which service-oriented computing thrives imposes unique security requirements. Large scale interconnection of systems and services, rapidly changing service compositions and ad-hoc composition and invocation of services require a flexible security model that is able to adapt to these changes. In this paper, we present an approach to specification and querying of security (access control) constraints in the context of the event-driven framework for service-oriented computing.
Influence of Surface Charges on Thylakoid Structure and Function (1982)

Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt. We place cellular responses in a time- and tissue-dependent context ...Read More
A Comparative Performance Analysis of Call Admission Control Schemes in ATM Networks (2005)

Connection Admission Control (CAC) is one of the primary mechanisms for preventive congestion control and bandwidth allocation in ATM networks. A substantial number of CAC schemes have been proposed. In this paper, we review the salient features of some of these algorithms. We also provide a comparative study of the performance of CAC schemes devised to meet certain quality of service requirements expressed in terms of cell loss probability and maximum delay.
Identification of common methods used for ontology integration tasks (2005)

Ontology integration approaches handle multiple different ontologies by identifying mappings between heterogeneous ontologies or by merging them into a single ontology. In this paper, existing ontology integration approaches are analyzed in order to identify the methods they are based on. The result of this paper is a survey of methods, which are used in ontology integration approaches, based on existing literature studies. We intent to use this information to (i) identify suitable tools for specific use cases and to (ii) ease the development of future tools easier since suitable methods are described.
On a Simple Postcorrection for Nonrestoring Division (1975)

This correspondence points out that the usual terminal correction for nonrestoring division can always be made in such a way as to permit concatenation of the primary and secondary quotients to form a double precision answer. This eliminates the necessity of any separate postcorrection as suggested in [1] and [2].
Serum Cholinesterase Variants: Examination of Several Differential Inhibitors, Salts, and Buffers Used to Measure Enzyme Activity (1971)

Abstract Dibucaine, used as a differential inhibitor with acetyl-, propionyl-, and butyrylthiocholine as substrate, clearly identified the "usual" and "atypical" serum cholinesterases. Succinylcholine was also used successfully as a differential inhibitor with butyrylthiocholine as substrate. Sodium fluoride, used as a differential inhibitor, gave conflicting results, depending on whether Tris or phosphate buffer was used in the assay. Mono- and divalent cations (NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, and BaCl2) activated the "usual" and inhibited the "atypical" enzyme at low concentrations. The "usual" enzyme had the same activity in 0.05 mol of Tris or phosphate buffer per liter, while the heterozygous and "atypical" enzymes showed 12 and 42% inhibition, respectively, when assayed in the phosphate buffer. Kinetic studies showed the phosphate acted as a competitive inhibitor of "atypical" enzyme. Km values, determined for "usual" and "atypical" enzymes, were 0.057 and 0.226 mmol/liter, respectively, with butyrylthiocholine as substrate.
Down-regulation of miR-203 induced by<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>infection promotes the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer by targeting CASK (2014)

Several microRNAs (miRNA) have been implicated in H. pylori related gastric cancer (GC). However, the molecular mechanism of miRNAs in GC has not been fully understood. In this study, we reported that miR-203 is significantly down-regulated in H. pylori positive tissues and cells and in tumor tissues with important functional consequences. Ectopic expression of miR-203 dramatically suppressed cell proliferation and invasion. We found that miR-203 strongly reduced the expression of CASK oncogene in GC cells. Similar to the restoring miR-203 expression, CASK down-regulation inhibited cell growth and invasion, whereas CASK over-expression rescued the suppressive effect of miR-203. These results can also be found in nude mice. In clinical specimens, CASK was over-expressed in tumors and H. pylori positive tissues and its mRNA levels were inversely correlated with miR-203 expression. Taken together, our results indicated that miR-203 functions as a growth-suppressive miRNA in H. pylori related GC, and that its suppressive effects are mediated mainly by repressing CASK expression.
Social justice, free market style (2012)

Challenging orthodoxy on both left and right, political theorist John Tomasi develops a new account of liberal justice – free market fairness – to show how limited government and the material betterment of the poor can be reconciled. In doing so, he asks the left to rethink their attitude towards private economic liberty.
The <i>fabM</i> Gene Product of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> Is Responsible for the Synthesis of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids and Is Necessary for Survival at Low pH (2004)

Previously, it has been demonstrated that the membrane fatty acid composition of Streptococcus mutans is affected by growth pH (E. M. Fozo and R. G. Quivey, Jr., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:929-936, 2004; R. G. Quivey, Jr., R. Faustoferri, K. Monahan, and R. Marquis, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 189:89-92, 2000). Specifically, the proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids increases when the organism is grown in acidic environments; if the shift to increased monounsaturated fatty acids is blocked by the addition of a fatty acid biosynthesis inhibitor, the organism is rendered more acid sensitive (E. M. Fozo and R. G. Quivey, Jr., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:929-936, 2004). Recently, work with Streptococcus pneumoniae has identified a novel enzyme, FabM, responsible for the production of monounsaturated fatty acids (H. Marrakchi, K. H. Choi, and C. O. Rock, J. Biol. Chem. 277:44809-44816, 2002). Using the published S. pneumoniae sequence, a putative FabM was identified in the S. mutans strain UA159. We generated a fabM strain that does not produce unsaturated fatty acids as determined by gas chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters. The mutant strain was extremely sensitive to low pH in comparison to the wild type; however, the acid-sensitive phenotype was relieved by growth in the presence of long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids or through genetic complementation. The strain exhibited reduced glycolytic capability and altered glucose-PTS activity. In addition, the altered membrane composition was more impermeable to protons and did not maintain a normal DeltapH. The results suggest that altered membrane composition can significantly affect the acid survival capabilities, as well as several enzymatic activities, of S. mutans.
The Rheological Properties of Elastohydrodynamic Lubricants (1986)

The methods of measuring the rheological properties of EHD lubricants are reviewed, but for pressures in excess of 1.0 GPa there is currently no simple alternative to the disc machine. A technique has been developed which enables disc machine traction tests to be carried out at constant mean film temperature. Isothermal tests provide further evidence for the existence of a limiting shear stress τ c at which the fluid shears in the manner of a plastic solid. At stresses below this limit the experimental data are found to be in very good accord with the non-linear Maxwell rheological model based on the Eyring theory of fluid flow proposed by Johnson and Tevaarwerk and by Hirst and Moore. The model incorporates three fluid properties: shear modulus G, viscosity τ and Eyring stress τ 0 . Disc machine measurements of τ, τ 0 and the limiting shear stress τ c for three fluids—a mineral oil HVI 650, a synthetic polyphenyl ether 5P4E and a traction fluid Santotrac 50—are presented for a range of pressures (0.6–2.5 GPa) and temperatures (40–120°C).
Role of Mitochondrial Reverse Electron Transport in ROS Signaling: Potential Roles in Health and Disease (2017)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) can cause oxidative damage and have been proposed to be the main cause of aging and age-related diseases including cancer, diabetes and Parkinson's disease. Accordingly, mitochondria from old individuals have higher levels of ROS. However, ROS also participate in cellular signaling, are instrumental for several physiological processes and boosting ROS levels in model organisms extends lifespan. The current consensus is that low levels of ROS are beneficial, facilitating adaptation to stress via signaling, whereas high levels of ROS are deleterious because they trigger oxidative stress. Based on this model the amount of ROS should determine the physiological effect. However, recent data suggests that the site at which ROS are generated is also instrumental in determining effects on cellular homeostasis. The best example of site-specific ROS signaling is reverse electron transport (RET). RET is produced when electrons from ubiquinol are transferred back to respiratory complex I, reducing NAD+ to NADH. This process generates a significant amount of ROS. RET has been shown to be instrumental for the activation of macrophages in response to bacterial infection, re-organization of the electron transport chain in response to changes in energy supply and adaptation of the carotid body to changes in oxygen levels. In <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, stimulating RET extends lifespan. Here, we review what is known about RET, as an example of site-specific ROS signaling, and its implications for the field of redox biology.