gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Myxobolus species (Myxozoa), parasites of fishes in the Okavango River and Delta, Botswana, including descriptions of two new species (2002)

Fieldwork was conducted in 1998 and 1999 in the Okavango River and Delta and a total of 275 fishes representing 31 species were examined for the presence of myxosporean parasites. A total of seven myxosporeans of the genus Myxobolus Bütschli, 1882 were found infecting the fishes. Two new species namely Myxobolus etsatsaensis sp. n. from Barbus thamalakanensis Fowler, 1935 and M. paludinosus sp. n. from Barbus paludinosus Peters, 1852 are described. Myxobolus africanus Fomena, Bouix et Birgi, 1985, M. camerounensis Fomena, Marqués et Bouix, 1993, M. hydrocyni Kostoïngue et Toguebaye, 1994, M. nyongana (Fomena, Bouix et Birgi, 1985) and M. tilapiae Abolarin, 1974 are recorded for the first time in Botswana and descriptions of these species are provided.
Syntactic Decision Rules for Recognition of Spoken Words and Phrases Using a Stochastic Automaton (1979)

This study deals with the design of a syntactic decision rule for recognizing an unknown utterance from a set X. The decision rule is expressed as a function of the character string (CS) derived from the test utterance. To obtain the CS, the waveform of the utterance is divided into a large number of frames of roughly equal duration numbered 1, 2,...,n. The ith symbol in the CS is the phonemic symbol obtained by subjecting the ith frame of the waveform to a relatively simple phoneme decision rule, the number of symbols in the CS being n. All the available nonacoustic information such as the lexicon of words in the set X, the possibility of confusion between different phonemes as seen by the phoneme decision rule, etc. is used in the design of the decision rule. The syntactic decision rule can be implemented by a stochastic finite state automaton involving limited memory and computation. The decision rule can also be interpreted as yielding the phrase x which minimizes a distance measure D(x, z) between the phrase x X and the observed CS z. We wili compare this approach with the other approaches such as the Viterbi methods, the distance approaches involving various types of distances, etc.
Flow cytometry, cellular DNA content, and prognosis in human malignancy. (1987)

The use of flow cytometry to analyze the cellular DNA content of human malignancies has become increasingly commonplace. The relationship between abnormalities in DNA content or proliferative characteristics and prognosis is becoming clear for a variety of malignancies in part through new techniques that permit analysis of archival material. High- and low-risk groups of patients with early breast and bladder carcinomas, non-small-cell lung cancer, and colorectal, ovarian, and cervical carcinoma can be distinguished on the basis of abnormal stemline DNA content. In several hematologic and common pediatric malignancies, the prognostic relevance of DNA content flow cytometry has been similarly established. Though the interpretation of tumor cell cycle analyses is less certain, this characteristic may also be prognostically important. However, generalizations cannot be made when applying flow cytometric DNA analysis to clinical decision making. The prognostic importance of an abnormal DNA histogram for an individual patient must be assessed on the basis of the relevant data base for that particular tumor type. The current extent of this data base for various malignancies is reviewed.
Night-time Vehicle Detection Based on Brake/Tail Light Color (2018)

In the statistical analysis, most of the road accidents happen during the night time. The major challenge for reducing night accidents is to detect vehicles at night time and keeping distance between the vehicles travelling in front. While driving in dark conditions, vehicles in front are generally visible by their tail and brake lights. The vehicle appearance is different at night time when compared to day light due to various factors like color of the vehicles, reflection of light from the vehicle body and natural light. In this paper, we are proposing a method for vehicle detection based on brake/tail light color from the captured color image.
Link Prediction in Social Networks: the State-of-the-Art (2014)

In social networks, link prediction predicts missing links in current networks and new or dissolution links in future networks, is important for mining and analyzing the evolution of social networks. In the past decade, many works have been done about the link prediction in social networks. The goal of this paper is to comprehensively review, analyze and discuss the state-of-the-art of the link prediction in social networks. A systematical category for link prediction techniques and problems is presented. Then link prediction techniques and problems are analyzed and discussed. Typical applications of link prediction are also addressed. Achievements and roadmaps of some active research groups are introduced. Finally, some future challenges of the link prediction in social networks are discussed.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of 6-Deoxyoligosaccharides (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSolid-Phase Synthesis of 6-DeoxyoligosaccharidesJ. A. Hunt and William R. RoushView Author Information Department of Chemistry Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana 47405 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 41, 9998–9999Publication Date (Web):October 16, 1996Publication History Received24 June 1996Published online16 October 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja962128fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja962128frapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views421Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Oligosaccharides,Organic compounds,Organic polymers,Post-translational modification,Solid phase synthesis Get e-Alerts
A source-based risk analysis approach for software test optimization (2010)

In this paper we introduce our proposed technique for software component test prioritization and optimization which is based on a source-code based risk analysis. Software test is one of the most critical steps in the software development. Considering that the time and human resources of a software project are limited, software test should be scheduled and planned very carefully. In this paper we introduce a classification approach that provides the developers with a risk model of the application which is specifically designed to assist the testing process by identifying the most important components and their corresponding test effort estimation. We designed an analyser tool to apply our technique to a test software project and we presented the results in this paper.
Some basic aspects of numerical machine-tool control (1956)

Information in the binary or decimal form on magnetic tape or cards is receiving much attention at present by electrical designers for programming of machine tools. Consideration is given in this article to fundamental functions and applications.
Mesenchymal stem cell migration is regulated by fibronectin through α5β1-integrin-mediated activation of PDGFR-β and potentiation of growth factor signals (2011)

Cell migration during vascular remodelling is regulated by crosstalk between growth factor receptors and integrin receptors, which together coordinate cytoskeletal and motogenic changes. Here, we report extracellular matrix (ECM)-directed crosstalk between platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-β and α5β1-integrin, which controls the migration of mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs). Cell adhesion to fibronectin induced α5β1-integrin-dependent phosphorylation of PDGFR-β in the absence of growth factor stimulation. Phosphorylated PDGFR-β co-immunoprecipitated with α5-integrin and colocalised with α5β1-integrin in the transient tidemarks of focal adhesions. Adhesion to fibronectin also strongly potentiated PDGF-BB-induced PDGFR-β phosphorylation and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity, in an α5β1-integrin-dependent manner. PDGFR-β-induced phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt activity, actin reorganisation and cell migration were all regulated by fibronectin and α5β1-integrin. This synergistic relationship between α5β1-integrin and PDGFR-β is a fundamental determinant of cell migration. Thus, fibronectin-rich matrices can prime PDGFR-β to recruit mesenchymal cells at sites of vascular remodelling.
Hyaluronan Is Not a Ligand but a Regulator of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in Mesangial Cells: Role of Extracellular Matrix in Innate Immunity (2014)

Glomerular mesangial cells (MC), like most cell types secrete hyaluronan (HA), which attached to the cell surface via CD44, is the backbone of a hydrophilic gel matrix around these cells. Reduced extracellular matrix thickness and viscosity result from HA cleavage during inflammation. HA fragments were reported to trigger innate immunity via Toll-like receptor-(TLR-) 2 and/or TLR4 in immune cells. We questioned whether HA fragments also regulate the immunostimulatory capacity of smooth muscle cell-like MC. LPS (TLR4-ligand) and PAM3CysSK4 (TLR2-ligand) induced IL-6 secretion in MC; highly purified endotoxin-free HA<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mo><</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math>3000 Da up to 50 μ g/mL did not. Bovine-testis-hyaluronidase from was used to digest MC-HA into HA fragments of different size directly in the cell culture. Resultant HA fragments did not activate TLR4-deficient MC, while TLR2-deficient MC responded to LPS-contamination of hyaluronidase, not to produced HA fragments. Hyaluronidase increased the stimulatory effect of TLR2-/-3/-5 ligands on their TLR-receptors in TLR4-deficient MC, excluding any effect by LPS-contamination. Supplemented heparin suppressed every stimulatory effect in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that the glycosaminoglycan HA creates a pericellular jelly barrier, which covers surface receptors like the TLRs. Barrier-thickness and viscosity balanced by HA-synthesis and degradation and the amount of HA-receptors on the cell surface regulate innate immunity via the accessibility of the receptors.
The Code of Contract Law of the People's Republic of China and the Vienna Sales Convention (1999)

This Essay discusses some imperfections of the present Code of Contract Law and compares the provisions of the Code concerning sale of goods with those of the Convention to determine their relative consistency.This Essay also investigates the possibility
Design of a Compact Planar Crossover With Four Intersecting Channels (2018)

A compact planar crossover with four intersecting channels is proposed. By using two cascoded rings, the crossover with eight ports is constructed. The derived electrical lengths and selected impedance ratio between the interconnected lines and the outer ring are also used to achieve the desired central frequency. The measured and theoretically calculated results match well so that the feasibility of the proposed circuit is validated.
Studies on Immunity to Toxins of <i>Clostridium Botulinum</i> (1963)

Summary Purified toxins of Clostridium botulinum types A, B, C, D and E were converted to toxoids and adsorbed on aluminum phosphate; four preparations of pentavalent toxoid were investigated in groups of 15 to 30 volunteers. Each pentavalent product contained 1.7 Lf of type A, 0.54 Lf of type B, 50,000 LD50 equivalents of type C, 4 Lf of type D, and 0.5 Lf or 100,000 LD50 equivalents of type E toxoid/ml. All flocculation potencies are referred to standard antitoxins prepared by the Microbiological Research Establishment, Porton, England. Doses of the first preparation of pentavalent toxoid (0.5 ml) were administered subcutaneously at 0, 2 and 10 weeks; the other preparations were given in the same way except that a 0-2-12 week schedule was used. Booster doses of 0.5 ml were given 1 year after the initial injection. Serum antitoxin titers of individuals were determined 12 to 14 and 52 weeks after the initial injection, and again 8 weeks after the booster, by neutralization titrations in mice. After the initial series of injections a considerable proportion of the individuals developed antitoxin titers for all or most of the five toxins; the proportion of satisfactory titers varied with the type and also with the preparation. Good booster responses were obtained with all preparations, and antitoxin titers to each of the five types were found in 86 to 100% of the individuals immunized. Stability studies with one preparation showed that the toxoids retained considerable antigenicity for at least 16 months at 4°C.
Cysteine-directed fluorescent gold nanoclusters for the sensing of pyrophosphate and alkaline phosphatase (2014)

Good biocompatible fluorescent gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) stabilized by cysteine with blue-green emission were first synthesized through a core etching process. The as-prepared clusters were found to be useful as label-free fluorescent sensors for the detection of the biologically important molecules pyrophosphate (PPi) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The approach was based on the competition between cysteine and PPi for coordination of Cu2+. The fluorescence of Au NCs could be quenched by Cu2+. PPi could recover the Cu2+-quenched Au NCs fluorescence selectively, and in this way PPi could be detected (with a detection limit of 2 μM). Upon addition of ALP, PPi was hydrolyzed and Cu2+ was released, which re-quenched the recovered fluorescence. As a result, an assay for ALP activity was established (allowing detection of 0.1 mU mL−1 of ALP). The strategy employed here offers a new way to construct novel nanomaterial-based biosensors.
Visualization and quantification of hydrodynamics and dose in UV reactors by 3D laser induced fluorescence (2012)

The validation of UV reactors is currently accomplished by biodosimetry, in which the reactor is treated as a "black-box" and hence cannot account for the dependence of the dose delivery on the complex hydrodynamics and the spatial variation in UV intensity. Alternative methods, such as fluorescent microspheres as non-biological surrogates and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, have been developed; however, each method has its shortcomings. \n\nIn this study, a novel technique for the spatial and temporal assessment of the hydrodynamics and the UV dose delivered and the link between these two factors in a lab-scale UV reactor using three dimensional laser induced fluorescence (3DLIF) is developed. This tool can also be utilized for the optimization of UV reactors and to provide data for validation of CFD-based simulation techniques. Regions of optimization include areas around the UV lamp where short-circuiting occurred, a longer inlet approach section that enhances the performance of the reactor by reducing short circuiting paths and a longer outlet region to provide greater mixing. \n\n3DLIF allows real time characterization of mixing and dose delivery in a single lamp UV reactor placed perpendicular to flow by capturing fluorescence images emitted from a laser dye, Rhodamine 6G, using a high speed CCD camera. In addition to three-dimensional mixing, the technique successfully visualized the two-dimensional, transient mixing behaviors such as the recirculation zone and the von Karman vortices and the fluence delivery within the reactor, which has not been possible with traditional tracer test techniques. Finally, a decomposition technique was applied to the flow and fluence delivery based concentration data to reveal similar structures that affect these phenomena. Based on this analysis, changing the flow in the reactor, i.e. the Reynolds number, will directly affect the fluence delivery.
Rapid Stimulatory Effect of Activin-A on Messenger RNA Encoding the Follicle-Stimulating Hormone β-Subunit in Rat Pituitary Cell Cultures (1990)

Activin, a dimer of the beta-subunits of inhibin, stimulates FSH secretion by cultured rat pituitary cells. Both the cell content of FSH and total FSH (secreted plus intracellular) are increased by activin, suggesting an effect on FSH biosynthesis. To test this idea directly, we examined the effect of purified human activin-A of recombinant DNA origin (rhactivin-A) on steady state levels of mRNAs for the gonadotropin subunits in pituitary cell cultures prepared from adult male rats. A preliminary study of the time course of rhactivin-A action indicated that the first significant effect on FSH secretion was observed at 6 h, with maximal stimulation occurring at 24-72 h. A small (20-30%), but significant, increase in LH secretion was also observed by 24 h. For RNA analysis, pituitary cell-cultures were treated for 2-72 h with a maximally effective concentration (50 ng/ml) of rhactivin-A. FSH secretion in rhactivin-A-treated cultures was elevated by 2- to 2.5-fold. Intracellular FSH increased gradually from 24-72 h. Recombinant human activin-A stimulated FSH beta mRNA levels at all times examined; FSH beta mRNA levels in activin-treated cultures were already twice those in control cultures at 2 h, and the magnitude of this effect remained constant up to 72 h. Recombinant human activin-A brought about small increases in secretion and cell content of LH and free glycoprotein alpha-subunit and in LH beta and alpha mRNAs at various times. Thus, the increases in gonadotropin release and cell content stimulated by rhactivin-A can be accounted for by increases in the gonadotropin subunit mRNAs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Equilibria and kinetics of chelation of nickel(II) by a solubilized 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (.beta.-PAN) dye (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEquilibria and kinetics of chelation of nickel(II) by a solubilized 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (.beta.-PAN) dyeRichard L. ReevesCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 9, 1473–1478Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00229a034RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (693 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Sink Strength of Fruits of Two Tomato Genotypes Differing in Total Fruit Solids Content1 (1982)

Abstract Mobilization of carbohydrates to fruits of 2 genotypes of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) differing in total fruit solids content, LA 1563 (1563) and ‘VF145B-7879’ (‘7879’), was investigated. On the basis of 2 separate studies, fruits of 1563, the higher solids genotype, appeared to be stronger sinks for assimilates than fruits of ‘7879’. LA 1563 partitioned a significantly larger percentage of 14 C to the fruits than ‘7879’. Fruits of 1563 took up more 14 C-sucrose from agar medium than ‘7879’ fruits, both on the basis of total uptake and specific activity. Starch was found at higher levels in fruits of 1563 than in those of ‘7879’ from 10–30 days after anthesis. No starch was detectable in either genotype 50 days after anthesis. Fruit sucrose levels tended to be lower in 1563 than in ‘7879’ throughout fruit development. The possible physiological relationships between carbon metabolism and the rate of import of assimilates by fruits are discussed.
A role-based secure database design tool (2002)

Starting from some previous proposals of extensions for database design methodologies, we have realised a secure database design tool. The work is based on a secure database design methodology that extends the entity relationship conceptual data model with a role based security model. The described tool features an analysis algorithm that can help detect potential security design mistakes, and a translation procedure that generates the SQL specification corresponding to the conceptual model.
Chromosomal Mapping and Cloning of the Lipase Gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1988)

Various mutants (lip) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO 2302 that lacked extracellular lipase activity were isolated. They were selected on a calcium-triolein agar. The phenotypic characteristics of two of these mutants suggested that they were defective in the gene coding for lipase: both lip mutants produced no lipase in liquid- and on solid medium. They were nonpleiotropic with regard to various other exoproducts. None of the mutants released any putatively cell-bound lipase after treatment of cells with Triton X-100 or alginate. The electrophoretic protein- and LPS-profiles of outer membranes derived from lip mutants and the parental strain were identical. The lip locus was mapped on the chromosome of P. aeruginosa PAO 1 by FP5- and R68. 45-mediated crossings and by transduction with phage G101. The lip locus was cotransduced with pyrF only (60%) indicating a map position at about 57 min. The lipase gene was cloned on a 3.1 kb SalI fragment using vector pKT248. The newly constructed plasmid was able to complement the lipase deficiency of the two lip mutants of P. aeruginosa.
Continuous Fraud Detection in Enterprise Systems through Audit Trail Analysis (2009)

Enterprise systems, real time recording and real time reporting pose new and significant challenges to the accounting and auditing professions. This includes developing methods and tools for continuous assurance and fraud detection. In this paper we propose a methodology for continuous fraud detection that exploits security audit logs, changes in master records and accounting audit trails in enterprise systems. The steps in this process are: (1) threat monitoringsurveillance of security audit logs for ‘red flags’, (2) automated extraction and analysis of data from audit trails, and (3) using forensic investigation techniques to determine whether a fraud has actually occurred. We demonstrate how mySAP, an enterprise system, can be used for audit trail analysis in detecting financial frauds; afterwards we use a case study of a suspected fraud to illustrate how to implement the methodology.