gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Free-water imaging of the hippocampus is a sensitive marker of Alzheimer's disease (2019)

Validating sensitive markers of hippocampal degeneration is fundamental for understanding neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that free-water in the hippocampus will be more sensitive to early stages of cognitive decline than hippocampal volume, and that free-water in hippocampus will increase across distinct clinical stages of Alzheimer's disease. We examined two separate cohorts (N = 126; N = 112) of cognitively normal controls, early and late mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease. Demographic, clinical, diffusion-weighted and T1-weighted imaging, and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging were assessed. Results indicated elevated hippocampal free-water in early MCI individuals compared to controls across both cohorts. In contrast, there was no difference in volume of these regions between controls and early MCI. ADNI free-water values in the hippocampus was associated with low CSF AB<sub>1-42</sub> levels and high global amyloid PET values. Free-water imaging of the hippocampus can serve as an early stage marker for AD and provides a complementary measure of AD neurodegeneration using non-invasive imaging.
miRNomics: MicroRNA Biology and Computational Analysis (2013)

In miRNomics: MicroRNA Biology and Computational Analysis, expert researchers in the field present an overview of the current state of the art and aim to put the respective areas of research into a la
Using discourse commitments to recognize textual entailment (2008)

In this paper, we introduce a new framework for recognizing textual entailment (RTE) which depends on extraction of the set of publicly-held beliefs -- known as discourse commitments -- that can be ascribed to the author of a text (t) or a hypothesis (h). We show that once a set of commitments have been extracted from a t-h pair, the task of recognizing textual entailment is reduced to the identification of the commitments from a t which support the inference of the h. Our system correctly identified entailment relationships in more than 80% of t-h pairs taken from all three of the previous PASCAL RTE Challenges, without the need for additional sources of training data.
Myocardial cellular alterations during myocardial ischemia and evolving infarction. (1988)

Primary decreases in oxygen delivery to the myocardium associated with important reductions in coronary blood flow are the main mechanism of myocardial necrosis. Endothelial injury at sites of coronary artery stenosis, platelet attachment, and release of humoral mediators, including thromboxane A2 and serotonin, may be major causes of primary reductions in coronary blood flow leading to unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction (MI). Findings of clinical studies are consistent with the hypothesis that platelet aggregation and subsequent increases in thromboxane and serotonin concentrations may play a role in causing acute MI, death, or both in patients with unstable angina. Animal studies suggest that both thromboxane and serotonin are important in initiating or sustaining the cyclic coronary blood flow reductions that occur after severe stenosis and endothelial injury. If the contribution from either of these humoral mediators is eliminated or antagonized, cyclic flow reductions are usually terminated. Beta blocker and/or thrombolytic therapy administered within the first two hours after onset of coronary artery occlusion may limit infarct size and improve segmental ventricular function. When given within six hours of symptoms of MI, thrombolytic therapy may reduce mortality.
Star Clusters as Exotic Star Factories (2002)

Abstract In light of recent N -body simulations performed using the GRAPE-6 special-purpose hardware we discuss the role of the star cluster environment in producing unusual stellar populations and the possibility that stars labelled exotic in the solar neighbourhood may be commonplace within star clusters.
Overtones and Combinations in Single-Molecule Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering Spectra (2003)

The observation of overtones and combinations in the SERRS spectra of single molecules dispersed in Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers is confirmed for a family of molecules. The detection of fundamentals, combinations, and overtones in single-molecule spectra of a series of perylenetetracarboxylic diimides (PTCD) is achieved with spatially resolved surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS). The Langmuir-Blodgett technique is used to create monomolecular thick films on metal islands containing on average one probed molecule within the field of view of the Raman microscope. The enhancement needed for single-molecule detection is achieved through the multiplicative effects of electromagnetic enhancement by metal nanostructures and resonance Raman enhancement by excitation into molecular electronic absorption bands. Overtone and combination progressions are well resolved in the average SERRS spectra of all three PTCD molecules.
Nuclear accumulation of expandedPABP2 gene product in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (2000)

Autosomal dominant oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is an adult-onset disease caused by (GCG) repeat expansions in exon 1 of the poly(A) binding protein 2 gene (PABP2). To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the disease, we raised an antiserum against a synthetic peptide fragment predicted from PABP2 cDNA. The peptide corresponded to amino acids 271-291 where a cluster of posttranslational arginine methylation occurs. We examined the subcellular localization of PABP2 in muscle specimens from five patients with OPMD, 14 patients with various neuromuscular disorders, and three normal controls. All Japanese patients with OPMD have been shown to have expanded (GCG)(8, 9, or 11) mutations in PABP2, as well as intranuclear tubulofilamentous inclusions (ITFI) of 8.5 nm. None of 50 separate Japanese control individuals were shown to have expanded (GCG) repeat in PABP2. Positive immunoreaction for polyclonal PABP2 was confined to the intranuclear aggregates of muscle fibers exclusively in patients with OPMD. Frequency of the nuclei positive for PABP2 (2%) was similar to that of ITFI detected by electron microscopy (2.5%). There was no apparent relationship between the frequency of PABP2-positive intranuclear aggregates and the severity of muscle fiber damage. In contrast, nuclear immunoreaction was not detected in any samples from normal controls or from other neuromuscular diseases. These results suggest the presence of molecular modification of the product of expanded (GCG) repeat in PABP2, since the synthetic antigen peptide may not recognize a highly dimethylated cluster of arginine residues of the native PABP2, but may recognize the mutated form. Nuclear accumulation of expanded PABP2 product implies a causative role for ITFI.
Mimicking the active site of protein disulfide-isomerase by substitution of proline 34 in Escherichia coli thioredoxin (1991)

To mimic the active sites (Trp-Cys-Gly-His-Cys) contained in two thioredoxin-like domains of the eukaryotic enzyme protein disulfide-isomerase (PDI, EC 5.3.4.1), the Pro-34 residue of Escherichia coli thioredoxin (Trx) was replaced by His using site-directed mutagenesis. The mutant P34H Trx was isolated in high yield and was stable. The equilibrium between Trx and NADPH in the thioredoxin reductase (TR)-catalyzed reaction revealed that the redox potential (E'o) or P34H Trx at pH 7.0 was -235 mV as compared with -270 mV for wild type (wt) Trx. The higher E'o value made P34H Trx more similar to PDI and contributed to prominent changes in Trx functions, e.g. improved activity with TR and slower reduction of protein disulfides. Compared to wt Trx, the P34H oxidized Trx was about twice as good a substrate for TR from E. coli and four times as efficient with calf thymus TR. A novel fluorimetric assay permitted direct recording of the reaction between insulin disulfide(s) and reduced Trx. At pH 8 and 15 degrees C, second-order rate constants for wt Trx of 2 x 10(4) M-1 s-1 and for P34H Trx of 3 x 10(3) M-1 s-1 were obtained, and a different equilibrium was observed consistent with differences in E'o values. Also when the reduction mechanism of insulin was examined using NADPH and TR, P34H Trx behaved differently from wt Trx or PDI. P34H Trx may be useful as an analogue of PDI for disulfide formation in vivo and in vitro.
The Distribution of Fresh-Water Triclad Planarians in Jefferson County, Ohio (1965)

Seasonal distributions are described for fresh-water triclad planarians throughout the main drainage systems of most of Jefferson County, Ohio. The species found were Phagocata gracilis gradlis (Haldeman), Phagocata morgani (Stevens and Boring), and Dugesia tigrina (Girard). Dugesia dorotocephala (Woodworth), apparently a common species in the United States, was not found. \nOf the species found, P. g. gracilis was the most abundant, while D. tigrina occurred less abundantly. P. morgani was found rarely and only in association with P. g. gracilis. \nD. tigrina occurred characteristically in lakes and ponds of appreciable temperature ranges. P. g. gracilis occurred in cool, fresh springs. Planarians were not found in the large, swift, main streams and were absent from polluted water.
Pairing near the Mott insulating limit (2001)

The nanometer-scale gap inhomogeneity revealed by recent scanning tunnel microscope images of ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8+x}$ (BSCCO) surface suggests that the ``gap coherence length'' is of that order. Thus a robust pairing gap can develop despite the poorly screened Coulomb interaction. This can be taken as an evidence that the pairing in high-${T}_{c}$ materials hardly affects the charge correlation and hence occurs primarily among the spin degrees of freedom. We provide theoretical support for this point of view.
Los mensajes sobre la conservación y la realidad de la conservación de nuestros firmes de carreteras (2012)

Bacterial adhesion to surfaces occurs ubiquitously and is initially reversible, though becoming more irreversible within minutes after first contact with a surface. We here demonstrate for eight bacterial strains comprising four species, that bacteria adhere irreversibly to surfaces through multiple, reversibly-binding tethers that detach and successively re-attach, but not collectively detach to cause detachment of an entire bacterium. Arguments build on combining analyses of confined Brownian-motion of bacteria adhering to glass and their AFM force-distance curves and include the following observations: (1) force-distance curves showed detachment events indicative of multiple binding tethers, (2) vibration amplitudes of adhering bacteria parallel to a surface decreased with increasing adhesion-forces acting perpendicular to the surface, (3) nanoscopic displacements of bacteria with relatively long autocorrelation times up to several seconds, in absence of microscopic displacement, (4) increases in Mean-Squared-Displacement over prolonged time periods according to t<sup>α</sup> with 0 < α ≪ 1, indicative of confined displacement. Analysis of simulated position-maps of adhering particles using a new, in silico model confirmed that adhesion to surfaces is irreversible through detachment and successive re-attachment of reversibly-binding tethers. This makes bacterial adhesion mechanistically comparable with the irreversible adsorption of high-molecular-weight proteins to surfaces, mediated by multiple, reversibly-binding molecular segments.
Pilot Plants: Moving Bed Contact Coking Apparatus (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPilot Plants: Moving Bed Contact Coking ApparatusD. C. Jones, T. E. Kelly, and M. B. NeuworthCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1954, 46, 1, 12–15Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50529a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50529a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Impact of Scale-free Topologies on Gossiping in Ad Hoc Networks (2007)

We show that scale-free topologies have a positive impact on the performance of gossiping algorithms in peer-to-peer overlay networks. This result is important in the context of ad hoc networks, where each node participates in controlling the network topology. Our study shows that, when combined with such topologies, typical gossiping algorithms tend to require fewer messages and experience smaller latency than when combined with other topologies, such as rings or grids. This suggests that the topology control scheme should aim at producing an overlay network that exhibits scale-free characteristics.
Templating mesoporous silicates on surfactant ruthenium complexes: a direct approach to heterogeneous catalysts (1999)

Mesoporous silicas have been obtained by the true liquid crystal templating (TLCT) method, using a surfactant RuII complex as the template; on calcination, ruthenium-containing particles are deposited into the pores; the materials show high catalytic selectivity for the hydrogenation of hex-1-ene.
Different γ-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Subtypes are Involved in the Regulation of Opiate-Dependent and Independent Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Secretion (1989)

The neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) appears to be involved in the control of gonadotropin secretion. These studies were conducted 1) to evaluate the effect of GABAergic drugs on in vitro LHRH secretion and 2) to characterize the role of different types of GABA receptors (the GABA-A and GABA-B subtypes) in these actions. Arcuate nuclei-median eminence fragments were incubated in vitro, and the release of LHRH, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), arginine vasopressin, and oxytocin was measured by RIA. Both GABA and muscimol at different concentrations induced an increase in LHRH release, but did not affect the release of arginine vasopressin and oxytocin. This stimulatory effect was blocked by the specific GABA antagonist bicuculline, suggesting the involvement of GABA-A type receptors. Muscimol-stimulated LHRH release was not affected by the presence of phentolamine, suggesting that the stimulatory effect of GABA-A receptors on LHRH release is not mediated by interactions with the noradrenergic system. PGE2 has been shown to be a potent secretagogue of LHRH from the median eminence in vitro, and in this model the stimulatory effect of PGE2 was enhanced by muscimol. Baclofen, a specific GABA-B type receptor agonist, had no effect on basal LHRH release, but completely suppressed naloxone-stimulated LHRH and PGE2 secretion. The inhibitory effect of baclofen was blocked by the presence of 5-aminovalerate, a drug that has been shown to block the inhibitory effect of baclofen on NE release from noradrenergic terminals. This suggests the possibility that GABA-B receptors interacting with noradrenergic terminals may be responsible for the inhibitory effect of baclofen on naloxone stimulation. This study uncovered both stimulatory and inhibitory effects of GABA on LHRH release after activation of GABA-A or GABA-B receptors, respectively. Further, the data show possible relationships among the GABAergic, endogenous opiate peptide, and noradrenergic systems in the control of LHRH release from the hypothalamus.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of 1‐Bromo‐4,5‐dimethoxy‐7‐methylnaphthalene (VIII), a Naphthol Derivative Useful for Construction of Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Identification of subtypes in colorectal cancer and their prognostic values (2009)

4041 Background: The discovery and widespread acceptance of molecular subtypes in breast cancer has changed the way that this disease is viewed. Similarly, we have focussed on stage II colorectal cancer where 20–25% of patients are at risk of recurrent disease following surgery. There are currently several types of colorectal cancer recognised by histopathological methods, however, little has been published regarding disease classification at a molecular level. Methods: We have taken an unbiased approach to the molecular classification of colorectal cancer. Using a colorectal cancer disease specific microarray platform we have performed expression profiling and bioinformatic analysis of 500 formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) stage II colorectal cancer samples, in order to identify and characterise molecular subtypes. Results: We have identified molecular subtypes for colorectal cancer. One of these subtypes is enriched with tumours with microsatellite instability (MSI) that are predominantly proximal, mucinous and poorly differentiated. It is notable that while MSI is generally accepted to be associated with a good prognosis, we have found both good and poor prognosis patients within this subtype. A second subtype contains tumors with a low CpG island methylator phenotype. Another subtype is defined by an expression pattern consistent with activation of tumor suppressors. The remaining subtypes are newly identified. Conclusions: We have identified molecular subtypes in colorectal cancer. We will present how knowledge about these subtypes may affect patient management and may be used to guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies. [Table: see text]
The Fibronectin-Binding Proteins of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> May Promote Mammary Gland Colonization in a Lactating Mouse Model of Mastitis (2003)

The fibronectin-binding proteins (FnBPs) of Staphylococcus aureus are believed to be implicated in the pathogen's adherence to and colonization of bovine mammary glands, thus leading to infectious mastitis. In vitro studies have shown that FnBPs help the adhesion of the pathogen to bovine mammary epithelial cells. However, the importance of FnBPs for the infection of mammary glands has never been directly established in vivo. In this study with a mouse model of mastitis, the presence of FnBPs on the surface of S. aureus increased the capacity of the bacterium to colonize mammary glands under suckling pressure compared to that of a mutant lacking FnBPs.
Synthesis and spectra of some<sup>2</sup>H-,<sup>13</sup>C-, and<sup>15</sup>N-labeled isomers of 1,3,3-trinitroazetidine and 3,3-dinitroazetidinium nitrate (1998)

The title compounds were synthesized by utilizing appropriately labeled starting materials and reagents according to literature procedures.1, 2 The products were characterized by NMR and mass spectral analysis. Unequivocal assignments of all NMR chemical shifts of the unlabeled title compounds and their intermediate precursors were facilitated by the NMR spectra of the labeled compounds along with carbon-hydrogen correlation experiments. © 1998 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Coupling Selectivity with Sensitivity in an Integrated Chemosensor Framework:  Design of a Hg<sup>2+</sup>-Responsive Probe, Operating above 500 nm (2003)

For the highly selective and sensitive sensing of Hg2+ in water, a new design concept was realized where the selectivity of the probe's binding site is amplified by electronic properties of the chromophore. The molecular architecture of this phenoxazinone-type sensor molecule combines two potential coordination sites via an amino-keto conjugative backbone. These structural prerequisites allow only the most preferred mercuric ion to bind to the dithia dioxa monoaza crown unit, while other heavy, transition, and main group metal ions as well as protons are trapped at the keto group, inducing opposite spectral effects due to interaction with either the donor (Hg2+) or the acceptor group (other cations) of the probe. Besides these advantageous features, the probe operates well within the visible range of the spectrum and displays rather intense molar absorptivities as well as fluorescence quantum yields.
A thin-layer chromatography experiment for general chemistry (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA thin-layer chromatography experiment for general chemistryS. Lincoln , R. A. Pohl , and D. T. Haworth Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 5, 401Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 May 1970Published inissue 1 May 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/ed047p401RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views526Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Bulk data multicast rate scheduling for hybrid heterogeneous satellite-terrestrial networks (2002)

We study a long-term, end-to-end rate scheduling problem of multicasting a large bulk file over a hybrid satellite-terrestrial network to heterogeneous receivers. With selected receivers periodically reporting their long-term packet survival probabilities at each of the sender's transmission rates, we create a system which is both capable of trading off bandwidth consumption and receiver latency through a control parameter and proactively maintaining a certain degree of reliable delivery. To increase bandwidth efficiency, we assume forward error correction (FEC) in the form of the Reed Solomon erasure (RSE) coding. As an exact solution is computationally costly, we develop a rate scheduling algorithm based on a Gaussian approximation and study its performance by simulations.